骨螺科

骨螺科（學名：Muricidae）是腹足綱新腹足目骨螺總科之下的一個很大和物種多變的科，有各種大大小小的獵食性海螺。

合共1600多個物種，骨螺科的物種佔了新腹足目約10%；除此之外，骨螺科的化石物種也有差不多1200個物種發現了。

因此，日常骨螺科的分類都會寫明物種所屬的亞科，以方便檢索，儘管這些亞科的分類所包含的屬可能還有爭議。

骨螺科物種的獨特外殼造形，深受貝殼收藏家及室內設計師的喜愛。

## 分類

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根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，本科包括下列各個亞科：

- 珊瑚螺亞科 Coralliophilinae Chenu, 1859：異名有 Magilidae Thiele, 1925
- 粗肋結螺亞科 Ergalataxinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971
- Haustrinae Tan, 2003Rafinesque, 1815）
- Muricopsinae Radwin & d'Attilio, 1971
- 芻秣螺亞科（Ocenebrinae Cossmann, 1903）
- Pagodulinae Barco, Schiaparelli, Houart & Oliverio, 2012
- 紅螺亞科 Rapaninae Gray, 1853 - synonym: Thaididae Jousseaume, 1888
- Tripterotyphinae d'Attilio & Hertz, 1988
- Trophoninae Cossmann, 1903
- Typhinae Cossmann, 1903

異名：

- Subfamily Aspellinae Keen, 1971: synonym of Muricinae Rafinesque, 1815
- Subfamily Drupinae Wenz, 1938: synonym of Rapaninae Gray, 1853
- Genus Drupinia sic: synonym of Drupina Dall, 1923
- Genus Galeropsis Hupé, 1860: synonym of Coralliophila H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853

本科包括以下屬：

Abyssotrophon｜Egorov, 1993

Acanthais｜Vermeij & Kool, 1994

Acanthina｜Fischer von Waldheim, 1807

Acanthinucella｜A.H.Cooke, 1918

Acanthotrophon｜Hertlein & A.M.Strong, 1951

Actinotrophon｜Dall, 1902

Africanella｜Vermeij & Houart, 1999

Afritrophon｜Tomlin, 1947

Agnewia｜Tenison Woods, 1878

Anatrophon｜Iredale, 1929

Apsella

Argenthina｜G.S.Herbert & del Rio, 2005

Aspella｜Mörch, 1877

Atractodon｜Charlesworth, 1837

Attiliosa｜W.K.Emerson, 1968

Austrotrophon｜Dall, 1902

Axymene｜Finlay, 1926

Azumamorula｜W.K.Emerson, 1968

塔肩棘螺屬｜Babelomurex｜Coen, 1922

Bedeva｜Iredale, 1924

Bedevina｜Habe, 1946

Benthoxystus｜Iredale, 1929

Benthozystus

Bizetiella｜Radwin & D'Attilio, 1972

Bolinus｜Pusch, 1837

Boreotrophon｜P.Fischer, 1884

Bouchetia｜Houart & Héros, 2008

Brasityphis｜Absalão & Santos, 2003

Caelobassus｜Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992

Calcitrapessa｜S.S.Berry, 1959

Califostoma｜J.R.Bean & Vermeij, 2016

Califrapana｜C.L.Powell & Houart, 2021

Calothrophon

Calotrophon｜Hertlein & A.M.Strong, 1951

Carhuaspina｜DeVries, 2005

Cathymorula｜Landau, Houart & Silva, 2007

Ceratostoma｜Herrmannsen, 1846

Chesathais｜Petuch, 1988

Chesatrophon｜Petuch, 1988

Chicocenebra｜Bouchet & Houart, 1996

Chicomurex｜Arakawa, 1964

千手螺屬｜Chicoreus｜Montfort, 1810

Chiroreus

Choreotyphis｜Iredale, 1936

Chorus｜Gray, 1847

Cinclidotyphis｜DuShane, 1969

Claremontiella｜Houart, Zuccon & Puillandre, 2019

Comptella｜Finlay, 1926

Conchatalos｜Houart, 1995

Concholepas｜Lamarck, 1801

Condonia｜Hertlein, 1965

Coralliofusus｜Kuroda, 1953

Coralliophila｜H.Adams & A.Adams, 1853

Coronium｜Simone, 1996

Crassilabrum｜Jousseaume, 1880

Crassimurex｜Merle, 1990

Cronia｜H.Adams & A.Adams, 1853

Cymia｜Mörch, 1860

Cytharomorula｜Kuroda, 1953

Daphnellopsis｜Schepman, 1913

Dermomurex｜Monterosato, 1890

Dicathais｜Iredale, 1936

Dicathais｜Macpherson & Gabriel, 1962

Distichotyphis｜Keen & G.B.Campbell, 1964

核果螺屬｜Drupa｜Röding, 1798

梭岩螺屬｜Drupella｜Thiele, 1925

Drupina｜Dall, 1923

Drupinia｜Dall, 1923

Ecphora｜Conrad, 1843

Edithais｜Vermeij, 1998

Emozamia｜Iredale, 1929

Enatimene｜Iredale, 1929

Enixotrophon｜Iredale, 1929

Eofavartia｜Merle, 2002

Eopaziella｜Guers, 2001

粗肋結螺屬｜Ergalatax｜Iredale, 1931

Eupleura｜H.Adams & A.Adams, 1853

Exquisitor｜Merle, Garrigues & Pointier, 2022

Falsimuricopsis｜Merle, 2011

花骨螺屬｜Favartia｜Jousseaume, 1880

Fenolignum｜Vermeij & E.H.Vokes, 1997

Flexopteron｜Shuto, 1969

Forreria｜Jousseaume, 1880

Fuegotrophon｜Powell, 1951

Galeropsis｜Hupé, 1860

Gamurex｜Merle, 2011

Gemixystus｜Iredale, 1929

Genkaimurex｜Kuroda, 1953

Globecphora｜Petuch, 1994

Gracilipurpura｜Jousseaume, 1880

Harmatia｜Noszky, 1940

Haustellotyphis｜Jousseaume, 1880

Haustellum｜Schumacher, 1817

Haustrum｜Perry, 1811

Herminespina｜DeVries & Vermeij, 1997

Heteropurpura｜Jousseaume, 1880

Hexaplex｜Perry, 1810

Hirotyphis｜Suter, 1913

Hirtomurex｜Coen, 1922

Hirtotyphis｜Jousseaume, 1880

銀杏螺屬｜Homalocantha｜Mörch, 1852

Indothais｜Claremont, Vermeij, S.T.Williams & D.Reid, 2013

Indotyphis｜Keen, 1944

Inermicosta｜Jousseaume, 1880

Ingensia｜Houart, 2001

Ingensiella｜B.A.Marshall & Houart, 2022

Janssenia｜Landau, Harzhauser, İslamoğlu & Silva, 2013

Jaton｜Pusch, 1837

Jsowerbya｜Merle, 2005

Kestocenebra｜Vermeij, 1998

Laevityphis｜Cossmann, 1903

Lamellitrophon｜B.A.Marshall & Houart, 2022

Lataxiena｜Jousseaume, 1883

Latiaxis｜Swainson, 1840

Lauta｜Houart, Zuccon & Puillandre, 2019

Legrandi｜Dall, 1908

Lenitrophon｜Finlay, 1926

Lepsiella｜Iredale, 1912

Leptoconchus｜Rüppell, 1835

Leptotrophon｜Houart, 1995

Lindapterys｜Petuch, 1987

Liniaxis｜Laseron, 1955

Lirosoma｜Conrad, 1862

Litozamia｜Iredale, 1929

Lowenstamia｜Sohl, 1964

Lyropurpura｜Jousseaume, 1880

Lyrotyphis｜Jousseaume, 1880

Maculotriton｜Dall, 1904

延管螺屬｜Magilus｜Montfort, 1810

絲岩螺屬｜Mancinella｜Link, 1807

- Mancinella alouina (Röding, 1798)
- Mancinella armigera Link, 1807
- Mancinella capensis (Petit de la Saussaye, 1852)
- Mancinella dubia Selli, 1974
- Mancinella echinata (Blainville, 1832)
- 金唇岩螺 Mancinella echinulata (Lamarck, 1822)
- Mancinella grossa (Houart, 2001)
- Mancinella herberti (Houart, 1998)
- Mancinella intermedia
- Mancinella intermidia (Kiener, 1936)
- Mancinella lata (Kuroda, 1931)
- Mancinella marmorata (Pease, 1865)
- Mancinella siro (Kuroda, 1931)
- Mancinella striolata (Bronn, 1831)
- Mancinella vannaui Thach, 2023

Mariasalpinx｜Petuch, 1988

Maxwellia｜J.L.Baily, 1950

Menathais｜Iredale, 1937

Mexacanthina｜Marko & Vermeij, 1999

Minortrophon｜Finlay, 1926

Miocenebra｜E.H.Vokes, 1963

Mipus｜De Gregorio, 1885

Monstrotyphis｜Habe, 1961

Morula｜Schumacher, 1817

Muregina｜Vermeij, 1998

骨螺屬｜Murex｜Linnaeus, 1758

細刺骨螺屬｜Murexsul｜Iredale, 1915

Muricanthus｜Swainson, 1840

Murichorda｜Houart, Zuccon & Puillandre, 2019

Muricodrupa｜Iredale, 1918

Muricopsis｜Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882

Murotriton｜Gregorio, 1890

棘芭蕉螺屬｜Naquetia｜Jousseaume, 1880

Nass

Nassa｜Röding, 1798

Neorapana｜A.H.Cooke, 1918

新岩螺屬｜Neothais｜Iredale, 1912：屬紅螺亞科。

Neothias｜Iredale, 1912

Nipponotrophon｜Kuroda & Habe, 1971

Nodulotrophon｜Habe & Ki.Ito, 1965

Nucella｜Röding, 1798

Nucellopsis｜Merle, 2005

芻秣螺屬｜Ocenebra｜Gray, 1847

Ocenotrophon｜J.H.McLean, 1995

Ocinebra｜Leach, 1852

Ocinebrellus｜Jousseaume, 1880

Ocinebrina｜Jousseaume, 1880

Odontopolys｜Gabb, 1860

Oppomorus｜Iredale, 1937

Orania｜Pallary, 1900

Paciocinebrina｜Houart, Vermeij & Wiedrick, 2019

Pagodula｜Monterosato, 1884

Paratrophon｜Finlay, 1926

Pascula｜Dall, 1908

Paziella｜Jousseaume, 1880

Pazinotus｜E.H.Vokes, 1970

Pazionotus

Peritrophon｜Marwick, 1931

Phrygiomurex｜Dall, 1904

Phycothais｜K.S.Tan, 2003

Phyllocoma｜Tapparone Canefri, 1881

Phyllonotus｜Swainson, 1833

Pilsbrytyphis｜Woodring, 1959

Pinaxia｜H.Adams & A.Adams, 1853

Plicopurpura｜Cossmann, 1903

Poirieia

Poirieria｜Jousseaume, 1880

Ponderia｜Houart, 1986

Poropteron｜Jousseaume, 1880

Pradoxa｜F.Fernandes & Rolán, 1993

Propefavartia｜Merle, 2022

Prototyphis｜Ponder, 1972

Pseudoperissolax｜B.L.Clark, 1918

Pterochelus｜Jousseaume, 1880

Pteropurpura｜Jousseaume, 1880

Pterorytis｜Conrad, 1863

Pterotyphis｜Jousseaume, 1880

Pterynopsis｜E.H.Vokes, 1972

芭蕉螺屬｜Pterynotus｜Swainson, 1833

Purpura｜Bruguière, 1789

Purpura｜Lamarck, 1799

Purpurellus｜Jousseaume, 1880

Pursia

Pygmaepterys｜E.H.Vokes, 1978

Rapa｜Bruguiere, 1792

Rapa｜Röding, 1798

Rapana｜Schumacher, 1817

荔枝螺屬｜Reishia｜Kuroda & Habe, 1971：屬紅螺亞科。

Rhizochilus｜Steenstrup, 1850

Rolandiella｜B.A.Marshall & K.W.Burch, 2000

Roperia｜Dall, 1898

Rugotyphis｜Vella, 1961

Sargana｜Stephenson, 1923

Scabrotrophon｜J.H.McLean, 1996

Scalaspira｜Conrad, 1862

Semiricinula｜E.von Martens, 1879

Semityphis｜K.Martin, 1931

Siphonochelus｜Jousseaume, 1880

Siratus｜Jousseaume, 1880

Sohliina｜Özdikmen, 2013

Spinidrupa｜Habe & Kosuge, 1966

Spinucella｜Vermeij, 1993

Stephanosalpinx｜Petuch, 1988

Stramonita｜Schumacher, 1817

Subpterynotus｜Olsson & Harbison, 1953

Tactilispina｜DeVries, 2005

Taurasia｜Bellardi, 1882

Tenguella｜Arakawa, 1965

Terefundus｜Finlay, 1926

Textiliomurex｜Merle, 2011

岩螺屬｜Thais｜Röding, 1798：屬紅螺亞科。

Thaisella｜Clench, 1947

Timbellus｜De Gregorio, 1885

Torvamurex｜Iredale, 1936

Trachypollia｜Woodring, 1928

Tribulus｜H.Adams & A.Adams, 1853

Tribulus｜Sowerby, 1839

Tripterotyphis｜Pilsbry & H.N.Lowe, 1932

Tritonopsis｜Conrad, 1865

Trochia｜Swainson, 1840

Tromina｜Dall, 1918

Trophon｜Montfort, 1810

Trophonella｜Harasewych & Pastorino, 2010

Trophonopsis｜Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882

Trubatsa｜Dall, 1889

Trunculariopsis｜Cossmann, 1921

Tylothais｜Houart, 2017

Typhina｜Jousseaume, 1880

Typhinellus｜Jousseaume, 1880

Typhis｜Montfort, 1810

Typhus｜Monfort, 1810

Urosalpinx｜W.Stimpson, 1865

Usilla｜H.Adams, 1861

Uttleya｜Marwick, 1934

Vasula｜Mörch, 1860

Vaughtia｜Houart, 1995

Vesanula｜Finlay, 1926

Vexilla｜Swainson, 1840

Vitularia｜Swainson, 1840

Vokesimurex｜Petuch, 1994

Vokesinotus｜Petuch, 1988

Warenia｜Houart, Vermeij & Wiedrick, 2019

Xanthochorus｜P.Fischer, 1884

Xastilia｜Bouchet & Houart, 1994

Xenotrophon｜Iredale, 1929

Xymene｜Iredale, 1915

Xymenella｜Finlay, 1926

Xymenopsis｜Powell, 1951

Yasila｜Olsson, 1930

Zacatrophon｜Hertlein & A.M.Strong, 1951

Zeatrophon｜Finlay, 1926

Zetecopsis｜Merle, Garrigues & Pointier, 2022

2017年末，根據《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》的修訂，骨螺科成為了骨螺總科之下唯一一個科。

## 參考資料

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.

- Houart, R. (1994). Illustrated Catalogue of Recent Species of Muricidae named since 1971. 181 pp. incl. 28 pls., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden. ISBN 3-925919-19-8.
- Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods in: FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. Rome: FAO. page 553.
- Rosenberg, Gary (1992) The Encyclopedia of Seashells. New York: Dorset Press.
- Vaught, K.C. (1989) A Classification of the Living Mollusca. American Malacologists, Inc., Melbourne, Florida.

## 外部連結

- CAAB listing for family Muricidae
- George E.Radwin and Anthony D'Attilio : The Murex shells of the World, Stanford University press, 1976 ISBN 0-8047-0897-5
- Pappalardo P., Rodríguez-Serrano E. & Fernández M. (2014). "Correlated Evolution between Mode of Larval Development and Habitat in Muricid Gastropods". PLoS ONE 9(4): e94104. 10.1371/journal.pone.0094104.
- Crame J. A. (2013). "Early Cenozoic Differentiation of Polar Marine Faunas". PLoS ONE 8(1): e54139. 10.1371/journal.pone.0054139

## 基本資料

- 說明：The shell of a neogastropod, the muricid species Chicoreus palmarosae
- 學名：Muricidae
- 命名者：Rafinesque, 1815
- subdivision_ranks：屬
- 栽培群成員：見內文
- 異名：Concholepadidae、Nucellidae、Rapidae、Thaidinae、Trophonidae