狄多

狄多（Διδώ Dīdō，Dido）據古希臘和古羅馬史料記載，曾是古迦太基女王，迦太基城的建立者。最使她出名的當屬古羅馬詩人維吉爾在《埃涅阿斯紀》中的記載。埃涅阿斯與狄多相愛，但因為要去建立未來的羅馬，不得不離開迦太基，狄多心碎自殺。不過根據記載埃涅阿斯與狄多相差一百年之久，因此不可能相遇。

## 早期記載

<image>

阿庇安《羅馬史》、維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》傳說從泰爾逃亡的狄多公主以用牛皮量地方式騙得北非突尼斯土地，建立希臘文為牛皮之意的畢爾莎（βύρσα）。

## 另見

- 《埃涅阿斯紀》

## 部分參考文獻

- H. Akbar Khan, "Doctissima Dido": Etymology, Hospitality and the Construction of a Civilized Identity, 2002.
- Elmer Bagby Atwood, Two Alterations of Virgil in Chaucer’s Dido, 1938.
- S. Conte, Dido sine veste, 2005.
- R. S. Conway, The Place of Dido in History, 1920.
- F. Della Corte, La Iuno-Astarte virgiliana, 1983.
- G. De Sanctis, Storia dei Romani, 1916.
- R.J. Edgeworth, "The Death of Dido." The Classical Journal 72.2 (1977) 129-33.
- M. Fantar, Carthage, la prestigieuse cité d'Elissa, 1970.
- L. Foucher, Les Phéniciens à Carthage ou la geste d'Elissa, 1978.
- Michael Grant, Roman Myths, 1973.
- M. Gras/P. Rouillard/J. Teixidor, L'univers phénicien, 1995.
- H.D. Gray, Did Shakespeare write a tragedy of Dido?, 1920.
- G. Herm, Die Phönizier, 1974.
- T. Kailuweit, Dido – Didon – Didone. Eine kommentierte Bibliographie zum Dido-Mythos in Literatur und Musik, 2005.
- R.C. Ketterer, The perils of Dido: sorcery and melodrama in Vergil’s Aeneid IV and Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, 1992.
- R.H. Klausen, Aeneas und die Penaten, 1839.
- G. Kowalski, De Didone graeca et latina, 1929.
- F.N. Lees，《迦太基女王狄多和》（Dido Queen of Carthage and The Tempest），1964年。
- J.-Y. Maleuvre, Contre-Enquête sur la mort de Didon, 2003.
- J.-Y. Maleuvre, La mort de Virgile d』après Horace et Ovide, 1993;
- L. Mangiacapre, Didone non è morta, 1990.
- P.E. McLane，《女王之死：斯賓塞的伊莉莎白女王——狄多》（The Death of a Queen: Spencer's Dido as Elizabeth），1954年。
- O. Meltzer, Geschichte der Karthager, 1879.
- A. Michel, Virgile et la politique impériale: un courtisan ou un philosophe?, 1971.
- R.C. Monti, The Dido Episode and the Aeneid: Roman Social and Political Values in the Epic, 1981.
- S. Moscati, Chi furono i Fenici. Identità storica e culturale di un popolo protagonista dell'antico mondo mediterraneo, 1992.
- R. Neuse, Book VI as Conclusion to The Faerie Queene, 1968.
- A. Parry, The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid, 1963.
- G.K. Paster, Montaigne, Dido and The Tempest: 「How Came That Widow In?, 1984.
- B. Schmitz, Ovide, In Ibin: un oiseau impérial, 2004;
- E. Stampini, Alcune osservazioni sulla leggenda di Enea e Didone nella letteratura romana, 1893.

## 主要資料來源

- Virgil, Aeneid i.338–368
- Justinus, Epitome Historiarum philippicarum Pompei Trogi xviii.4.1–6, 8

## 外部連結

- Selected English texts (Alternate links found in Wikipedia entries for the respective authors.)
- Forum Romanum: Justin 18.3f (Contains Justin (18.3–6) relating the early story of Elissa in full.)
- Translation of Virgil's works including the Aeneid by A. S. Kline (See also Virgil and Aeneid.)
- Ovid's imagined letter from Dido to Aeneas, trans. Miceal F. Vaughan (See also Ovid.)
- Appian, The Punic Wars, chapter 1 (See also Appian.)
- Dido, Queen of Carthage , original text, modernization, and discussion of Chaucer's Legend of Dido
- The Tragedy of Dido, Queen of Carthage, by Christopher Marlowe (and Thomas Nashe?). (See also Christopher Marlowe.)
- Commentary
- Greek Mythology Link: Dido
- Queen Dido: Didone Liberata (Mostly about a new four-act play by Salvatore Conte; it contains also a confutation of the well-known suicide into a subjective vision of Aeneas and his "comites" – 4.664, followed by Dido's catabasis)