休斯頓·斯圖爾特·張伯倫

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休斯頓·斯圖爾特·張伯倫（Houston Stewart Chamberlain，1855年9月9日－1927年1月9日）德國英國裔政治哲學、自然科學及華格納傳記作家。《牛津國家人物傳記大辭典》中稱他為「種族主義作家」。1908年，與華格納的女兒結婚。他創作的《十九世紀的基礎》（Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts）成為二十世紀泛日耳曼主義運動的重要參考文獻，也是後來納粹種族政策的重要文獻來源。

## 延伸閱讀

- Biddiss, Michael (1998), "History as Destiny: Gobineau, H. S. Chamberlain and Spengler," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. VII, Sixth Series, Cambridge University Press.
- Buruma, Ian (2000) Anglomania: A European Love Affair New York: Vintage Books.
- Domeier, Norman (2015) The Eulenburg Affair: A Cultural History of Politics in the German Empire, Rochester: Boydell & Brewer.
- Evans, Richard J. (2005) The Coming of the Third Reich, London: Penguin Books.
- Fraser, David (January 1990) "Houston Stewart Chamberlain Revolutionary or Reactionary?" in Journal of 20th Century History, Volume 20, #1, pp. 410–24
- Friedländer, Saul (1998) Nazi Germany and the Jews: Volume 1: The Years of Persecution 1933–1939, New York: Harper Perennial.
- Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (2008): Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Zur textlichen Konstruktion einer Weltanschauung. Eine sprach-, diskurs- und ideologiegeschichtliche Analyse. (Studia linguistica; Bd. 95). De Gruyter, Berlin: de Gruyter..
- Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (2009): Houston Stewart Chamberlains Rassentheoretische Geschichts„philosophie「. In: Werner Bergmann, Ulrich Sieg (Hrsg.): Antisemitische Geschichtsbilder. (Antisemitismus. Geschichte und Strukturen: Bd. 5). Essen: Klartext Verlag. p. 139–166.
- Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (2013): Kulturchauvinismus. Germanisches Christentum. Austilgungsrassismus. Houston Stewart Chamberlain als Leitfigur des deutschnationalen Bürgertums und Stichwortgeber Adolf Hitlers. In: Hannes Heer (Hrsg.): Weltanschauung en marche. Die Bayreuther Festspiele und die Juden 1876 bis 1945. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, p. 169–192.
- Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (2017): Houston Stewart Chamberlain. In: Handbuch der völkischen Wissenschaften. Akteure, Netzwerke, Forschungsprogramme. Band 1: Biographien. Hrsg. von Michael Fahlbusch / Ingo Haar / Alexander Pinwinkler. 2. vollständig überarbeitete Auflage. Boston / Berlin: de Gruyter. p. 114-119.
- Mosse, George L. (1968) "Introduction to the 1968 Edition" to Chamberlain, Houston Stewart The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century Vol. I. Lees, John (trans.) New York: Howard Fertig Inc.
- Ossietzky, Carl von (1984) "Anti-Semites" in Kaes, Anton; Jay, Martin; and Dimendberg, Edward (eds.) The Weimar Republic Sourcebook. Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 276–80
- Praeger, Ferdinand (1892) Wagner as I Knew Him London: Longman, Green & Co.
- Redesdale, Lord (1913) "Introduction" to Chamberlain, Houston Stewart The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (4th English language impression). London.
- Röhl, John (2004) Wilhelm II: The Kaiser's Personal Monarchy, 1888–1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Shirer, William L. (1985) 1959 The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Book Club Associates.
- Wette, Wolfram (2006) The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 33
- Barzun, Jacques (1937), Race: A Study in Modern Superstition, Taylor & Francis.
- Kelly, Alfred (1981), The Descent of Darwin: The Popularization of Darwinism in Germany, 1860–1914, University of North Carolina Press.
- Mather Jr., F. J. (1915), "Ethnic Darwinism: A New-Old Fallacy," The Unpopular Review, Vol. III, No. 5.
- Newman, Ernest (1931), "The Case of Ferdinand Praeger." In Fact and Fiction about Wagner, Alfred A. Knopf.
- Parkinson, C. Northcote (1958), "The Theory of Dictatorship." In Evolution of Political Thought, Part IV, Chap. 22, Houghton Mifflin Company.
- Redesdale, Lord (1914), "Houston Stewart Chamberlain," The Edinburgh Review, Vol. CCXIX, No. 447.
- Snyder, Louis L. (1939), "Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Teutonic Nordicism." In Race, A History of Modern Ethnic Theories, Chap. VIII, Longmans, Green and Co.
- Stein, Ludwig (1918), "The Neo-Romantic Movement." In Philosophical Currents of the Present Day, Chap. V. The University of Calcutta.
- Williamson, Roger Andrew (1973), Houston Stewart Chamberlain: A Study of the Man and His Ideas, 1855–1927, University of California, Santa Barbara.
- Voegelin, Eric (1940), "The Growth of the Race Idea," The Review of Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3.
- Voegelin, Eric (1997), Race and State, University of Missouri Press.