蠑螺科

蠑螺科（Turbinidae）是一個包括有小型到大型海洋腹足綱軟體動物的一個科。舊屬原始腹足目，現時蠑螺科是鐘螺目鐘螺總科之下的一個科。

本科在2005年的分類很龐大，包含多個亞科與物種，但這些亞科後來都從蠑螺科獨立出來，組成各自的科與總科，到現在又重聚到鐘螺總科之下。

## 型態特徵

本科物種的一大特徵，是其鈣質的口蓋，使之與非常近似但有著角質口蓋的鐘螺科物種分辨開來。蠑螺科物種堅固的口蓋成為了牠們的一種被動的防禦構造，得以抵擋捕食者嘗試從其殼口或殼唇進侵其柔軟的身體。

貝殼多呈陀螺形。分布於熱帶、亞熱帶、溫帶的海洋，以熱帶水域為多，棲息於潮間帶到淺海之岩礁區。

## 分佈及棲息地

按照Williams et al. (2008)，蠑螺科物種由多個支序組成，而且無論在淺水區或深水區皆有其物種棲息。本科物種有很廣闊的分佈範圍，從熱帶到極帶均有分佈，但絕大多數物種都棲息於熱帶及亞熱帶的淺水區。

## 分類

蠑螺科原為前鰓亞綱原始腹足目蠑螺總科的成員。現時蠑螺總科成為了鐘螺總科的異名。然而，這一個頗為古老的腹足綱群組很可能源於2.98億到2.50億年前的二疊紀。本科物種的型態仍然保有多種原始 (親緣支序學)的特徵，例如：牠們的螺殼內的珠母層。

### 2005年分類

根據布歇和羅克魯瓦的腹足類分類，蠑螺科是蠑螺總科的成員，由下列八個亞科組成：

- Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
- 海豚螺亞科 Angariinae Gray, 1857：又名棘冠螺亞科，Delphinulinae Stoliczka, 1868是本亞科的異名。
- 縮口螺亞科 Colloniinae Cossmann, 1917
- tribe Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 - synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
- tribe † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & szabo, 1995
- tribe † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
- tribe † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960
- Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
- † Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997
- Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990：異名： Prisogastrinae in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)，拼寫錯誤。
- 篷螺亞科 Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851：Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924是本亞科的異名。
- Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

### 2008年分類

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根據Williams et al. (2008)的研究成果，蠑螺科被重新定義，還被移到鐘螺總科。與此同時，原來蠑螺科之下的海豚螺亞科獲提至科級，成為了鐘螺總科之下的海豚螺科（Angariidae）；而原來蠑螺科的縮口螺亞科在提升至科級成為縮口螺科（Colloniidae）之餘，再與蠑螺總科的雉螺科改為合組新的雉螺總科（Phasianelloidea Swainson, 1840）；Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from Trochidae。這個時候的蠑螺科包括下列五個亞科：

- 蠑螺亞科 Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815：異名有 Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
- Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924 (upgraded to the rank of family Skeneidae)
- Margaritinae：根據布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)，這個亞科由以下三個族組成。upgraded to the rank of family Margaritidae
- tribe Margaritini Thiele, 1924 - synonym: Margaritinae Stoliczka, 1868 (inv.)
- tribe Gazini Hickman & McLean, 1990
- tribe Kaiparathinini Marshall, 1993
- Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971：獲提升至科級成為Tegulidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971
- Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990

下列在2005年分類提及過的亞科都保留了：

- Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990：但Moelleria這個屬的物種並未有包括在2010年的分子研究裡
- † Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997

### 2017年分類

亞倫氏螺屬（Yaronia Mienis, 2011）被重新分到縮口螺科去。

以下為本科現時餘下的屬。

### 屬

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現時本科包括以下各屬：

不屬於任何亞科：

- Phanerolepida Dall, 1907
- Tropidomarga Powell, 1951

蠑螺亞科（Turbininae）

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- Astraea Röding, 1798
- 星螺屬 Astralium Link, 1807
- Bellastraea Iredale, 1924
- 擬星螺屬 Bolma Risso, 1826
- Cookia Lesson, 1832
- 刺螺屬 Guildfordia Gray, 1850
- Lithopoma Gray, 1850
- 珠螺屬 Lunella Röding, 1798
- Megastraea McLean, 1970
- Modelia Gray, 1850
- Pomaulax Gray, 1850
- Sarmaturbo Powell, 1938 †
- 蠑螺屬 Turbo Linnaeus, 1758：模式屬
- Uvanilla Gray, 1850

Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990

- Prisogaster Mörch, 1850

異名：

- Astrea Link, 1807: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
- Agathistoma Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Tegula Lesson, 1832
- Amyxa Troschel, 1852: synonym of Prisogaster Mörch, 1850
- Calcar Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- Canthorbis Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
- Cardinalia Gray, 1842: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
- Crosseia P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Crossea A. Adams, 1865
- Cyclocantha Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- Dinassovica Iredale, 1937: synonym of Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
- Distellifer Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- Foliastralium Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- Galeoastraea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
- Halopsephus Rehder, 1943: synonym of Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
- Harisazaea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
- Imperator Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
- † Incilaster Finlay, 1926: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
- Livona Gray, 1842: synonym of Cittarium Philippi, 1847
- Lunatica Röding, 1798: synonym of Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
- Macropelmus Gistel, 1848: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- Margarita Leach, 1819: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847
- Micrastraea Cotton, 1939: synonym of Bellastraea Iredale, 1924
- Notosetia Iredale, 1915: synonym of Putilla A. Adams, 1867
- Okinawastraea Habe & Okutani, 1981: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- † Oobolma Sacco, 1896 : synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
- † Ormastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
- Pachypoma Gray, 1850: synonym of Lithopoma Gray, 1850
- Pagocalcar Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
- Pyramidea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
- Pyramis Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
- Rugastella Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- Senobolma Okutani, 1964: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
- Stella P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
- Submargarita Strebel, 1908: synonym of Lissotesta Iredale, 1915
- Tharsiella Bush, 1897: synonym of Cirsonella Angas, 1877
- Trochiscus G.B. Sowerby I, 1838: synonym of Norrisia Bayle, 1880
- † Tylastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
- Valvatella Gray, 1857: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847

## 參考文獻

- Marshall, B.A. 1988. Skeneidae, Vitrinellidae and Orbitestellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) associated with biogenic substrata from bathyal depths off New Zealand and New South Wales. Journal of Natural History 22(4): 949-1004.
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.

## 外部連結

- Seashells of New South Wales : Turbinidae
- Seashells of New South Wales: Skeneinae

## 基本資料

- 說明：Three views of a shell of Turbo cornutus with the operculum in place
- 學名：Turbinidae
- 命名者：Rafinesque, 1815
- subdivision_ranks：屬與種
- 栽培群成員：見內文
- 母公司：3