聖文德

聖文德，或譯為聖文都辣、波拿文德拉、波那文都，O.F.M.（San Bonaventura，1221年1274年），是中世紀義大利的神學家及哲學家。作為第七任方濟各會總會長，曾任阿爾巴諾教區領銜主教。

文德於1482年4月14被教宗西斯都四世尊奉為聖人，並於1588年被教宗西斯都五世列為教會聖師之一。文德因其完備的品德，被尊稱為「色勒芬天使博士」(Doctor Seraphicus)和「方濟各會第二會祖」。

許多署名為文德中世紀的作品（其實並非文德所寫），被以「偽文德文集」為名收集起來。

## 生平

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文德於1221年生在義大利維泰博省的巴尼奧雷焦，幼年時患重病，因聖方濟各的祈禱而痊癒。二十歲時入方濟各會，1243年至1248年在巴黎方濟各會學習，之後在巴黎大學教導神學與《聖經》。

1257年任方濟各會總會長，當時整個修會人數超過三萬，並且存在許多不同派別。文德注重學術運動，努力將神恩性的方濟運動導入正軌。

1273年教宗額我略十世命文德爲樞機，兼亞巴若總主教。1274年額我略十世召開里昂大公會議，商討與希臘教會合一問題。文德是這次大公會議中最活躍、出力最多的人物，卻在會議進行中的7月15日患病逝世。

1482年天主教會將他榮列聖品，1588年晉封為教會聖師。天主教會和英格蘭教會每年以7月15日作為他的紀念日。

## 神學思想

- 在小事上對天主忠心，便是一件偉大、英勇的德行。修德真正的意義在於經常控制自己的意志，將一切思想，言語和行爲奉獻給天主，讓天主的恩寵貫注我們全部生命。
- 「神恩」與「體制」、「信仰」與「知識」絕非彼此對立，而是相輔相成。
- 天主與人是不同的，人無法用理性認識天主，只能用類推的方式不明確的認知。

其神學作品有《心靈邁向天主的旅程》《隆巴哲學思想註疏》《基督的神貧論》《純全的生活》《自言》《三條路》《教父彼得郎巴德名言集注釋》《聖經注釋》與《神學概要》等。

其哲學思想很大程度上受到奧古斯丁(奧思定)影響，甚至可視為奧古斯丁主義者之一員。

## 藝術形象

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- 看書的聖文德，由魯本斯所作（c. 1620）

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- 聖文德的祈禱，由Francisco de Zurbarán所作（c. 1640-1650）

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- 文德迎接教宗欽使，由Francisco de Zurbarán所作（c. 1640-1650）

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- 聖文德，由Francisco Herrera the Elder所作（1628）

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- 聖文德，由Vittorio Crivelli所作(1481-1502)

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- 阿爾巴諾總主教文德，由Tiberio d'Assisi所作（1509）

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- 文德的葬禮，由Francisco de Zurbarán所作（1629）

## 以文德為名的地區、教堂、學校

- 加拿大魁北克省文德鎮
- 魁北克10號高速公路的蒙特婁段「文德高速公路」
- Place Bonaventure and the adjacent Bonaventure Metro Station in Montreal, Quebec
- Bonaventure Island and the Bonaventure River in the Gaspé Peninsula Region of Quebec
- St. Bonaventure's College, a private Roman Catholic school, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- St Bonaventure's Catholic Comprehensive School, in Forest Gate, London, England
- St Bonaventure Catholic School, at Edwards Gardens, Toronto, Canada
- Mission San Buenaventura and the City of Ventura, California, officially named San Buenaventura, United States
- St. Bonaventure High School in Ventura, California, United States
- St. Bonaventure University, a Franciscan university, in Allegany, New York
- St. Bonaventure Monastery, a complex of religious buildings, built for the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, located in Detroit, Michigan. Venerable Father Solanus Casey served here as the monastery porter from 1924-1946, meeting visitors at the friary door. The site is a popular pilgrimage site for Metro Detroit Catholics.
- The Municipality of Buenaventura on the Pacific Coast of Colombia
- The cities of San Benaventura in Chihuahua and San Buenaventura, Coahuila in Mexico and State of San Benaventura
- Barangay San Buenaventura, a village in San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines. Three small chapels can be found within the village in honour of Saint Bonaventura
- St. Bonaventure's High School, a school in Hyderabad, Pakistan
- St. Bonaventure's Church, a 16th-century Portuguese church is situated on the beach in Erangal near Mumbai. The annual Erangal Feast held on second Sunday of January, celebrating the Feast day of St. Bonaventure, attracts thousands of people of all faiths to this scenic spot. The Birthday Of St. Bonaventure is celebrated on the 15th of July every year.
- St. Bonaventure Parish, Balangkayan Eastern Samar, Philippines
- Bonaventure Hall, in Sacred Heart Parish Catholic School, in Patterson, California, USA
- Bonaventure Residence Hall, in Viterbo University, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
- 台灣台北市文德女中
- 香港慈雲山聖文德書院
- 香港慈雲山聖文德天主教小學
- 香港聖方濟會聖文德天主教小學

## 作品

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- Bonaventure Texts in Translation Series, St. Bonaventure, NY, Franciscan Institute Publications (15 volumes):
- On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology, Translation, Introduction and Commentary by Zachary Hayes, OFM, vol. 1, 1996.
- Journey of the Soul into God - Itinerarium Mentis in Deum translation and Introduction by Zachary Hayes, OFM, and Philotheus Boehner, OFM, vol. 2, 2002. ISBN 978-1-57659-044-7
- Disputed Questions on the Mystery of the Trinity, translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 3, 1979. ISBN 978-1-57659-045-4.
- Disputed Questions on the Knowledge of Christ, translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 4, 1992.
- Writings Concerning the Franciscan Order, translated by Dominic V. Monti, OFM, vol. 5, 1994.
- Collations on the Ten Commandments, translated by Paul Spaeth, vol. 6, 1995.
- Commentary on Ecclesiastes, translated by Campion Murray and Robert J. Karris, vol. 7, 2005.
- Commentary on the Gospel of Luke, translated by Robert J. Karris, (3 vols), vol. 8, 2001-4.
- Breviloquium, translated by Dominic V. Monti, OFM, vol. 9, 2005.
- Writings on the Spiritual Life, includes translations of The Threefold Way, On the Perfection of Life, On Governing the Soul, and The Soliloquium: A Dialogue on the Four Spiritual Exercises, the prologue to the Commentary on Book II of the Sentences of Peter Lombard and three short sermons: On the Way of Life, On Holy Saturday, and On the Monday after Palm Sunday, vol. 10, 2006.
- Commentary on the Gospel of John, translated by Robert J. Karris, vol. 11, 2007.
- The Sunday sermons of St. Bonaventure, edited and translated by Timothy J. Johnson, vol. 12, 2008.
- Disputed questions on evangelical perfection, edited and translated by Thomas Reist and Robert J. Karris, vol. 13, 2008.
- Collations on the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, introduced and translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 14, 2008.
- Defense of the mendicants, translated by Jose de Vinck and Robert J. Karris, vol. 15, 2010.
- The Journey of the Mind into God (Itinerarium mentis in Deum), Indianapolis: Hackett, 1993. ISBN 978-0-8722-0200-9
- On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology (De Reductione Artium ad Theologiam), translated by Zachary Hayes, (Saint Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 1996. ISBN 978-1-57659-043-0
- Bringing forth Christ: five feasts of the child Jesus, translated by Eric Doyle, Oxford: SLG Press, 1984.
- The Mystical Vine: a Treatise on the Passion of Our Lord, translated by a friar of SSF, London: Mowbray, 1955.
- Life of St Francis of Assisi, TAN Books, 2010. ISBN 978-0-89555-151-1

## 擴展閱讀

- LaNave, Gregory F. "Bonaventure", in Paul L. Gavrilyuk and Sarah Coakley (eds.), The Spiritual Senses: Perceiving God in Western Christianity, Cambridge: Cambridge, University of Cambridge, 2011, 159–173.
- Quinn, John Francis. The Historical Constitution of St. Bonaventure's Philosophy, Toronto: Pontificial Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1973.
- Tavard, George Henry. From Bonaventure to the Reformers, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2005 (Marquette Studies in Theology). .
- Tim Noone and R. E. Houser, "Saint Bonaventure." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bonaventure/ .
- D. J. Dales, 'Divine Remaking: St Bonaventure & the Gospel of Luke, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge, 2017.
- D. J. Dales, 'Way back to God: the Spiritual Theology of St Bonaventure, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge, 2019.

## 外部連結

- bonaventure
- St Bonaventure from the Franciscan Archive.
- S Bonaventura: Opera Omnia Peltiero Edente (Latin original texts).
- St. Bonaventure Works at Franciscan Institute
- 《7月15日 聖文德（st. Bonaventura）》，天主教方濟會聖高讀經推廣中心網站
- 《聖文德主教聖師生平》，網上方濟會

## 基本資料

- 日語原文：聖文都辣
- 出生日期：約於 1221年
- 逝世日期：7月15日
- 瞻禮日：7月15日、7月第二個主日 (1482–1568)、7月14日 (1568–1969)
- 敬禮於：天主教會、英格蘭教會
- 出生地：教宗國 拉齊奧 維泰博省 巴尼奧雷焦
- 逝世地：阿爾勒王國 里昂內省 里昂
- 主要頭銜：精修聖人、樞機、教會聖師
- 封聖：1482 1482年4月14日
- 封聖：羅馬
- 封聖：西斯都五世
- 象徵物：掛在灌木叢上的樞機帽；聖體盤；聖體聖事；穿著方濟各會會衣的樞機，通常在讀書或寫字