堇菜屬

堇菜屬（學名：Viola）是堇菜科下最大的一屬植物，約500種，分布於全世界，主產地在北溫帶，此外在夏威夷、大洋洲以及南美洲安第斯山脈亦有分布。大多為多年生草本，少數為一年生或灌木。該屬植物大多具有兩型閉花受精現象。

屬名Viola源於拉丁語viola，即堇菜，這個詞常被誤譯成紫羅蘭，因此容易與上項混淆。例如用於製作「紫羅蘭香水」的「紫羅蘭」實際上是香堇菜。

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## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Viola abbreviata｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

衣索比亞堇菜｜Viola abyssinica｜Steud. ex Oliv.

Viola acanthophylla｜Leyb. ex Reiche

Viola acanthophylla｜Leyb., 1873

Viola accrescens｜Klokov

Viola acrocerauniensis｜Erben

雞腿堇菜｜Viola acuminata｜Ledeb.

尖葉堇菜｜Viola acutifolia｜(Kar. & Kir.) W.Becker

岩生堇菜｜Viola adenothrix｜Hayata

Viola adunca｜Sm.

Viola adunca var. adunca × Viola labradorica｜Linnaeus

Viola aethnensis｜(Ging.) Strobl

Viola aethnensis｜Parl.

埃托利亞堇菜｜Viola aetolica｜Boiss. & Heldr.

Viola affinis｜Leconte

Viola aguilaris｜Sennen & Gonzalo

Viola aizoon｜Reiche

帕米爾堇菜｜Viola alaica｜Vved.

Viola alba｜Besser

Viola alba × collina Viola alba × hirta Viola alba × odorata Viola alba × hirta Viola alba × odorata

朝鮮堇菜｜Viola albida｜Palib.

Viola alburnica｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola alexandrowiana｜(W.Becker) Juz.

Viola alexejana｜Kamelin & Junussov

Viola algida｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819

Viola algida｜Kunth ex Schult.

Viola allchariensis｜Beck

Viola alliariifolia｜Nakai

Viola allionii｜Hegetschw.

Viola allochroa｜Botsch.

Viola alpestris｜Hegetschw.

高山堇菜｜Viola alpina｜Jacq.

阿爾泰堇菜｜Viola altaica｜KerGawl.

奄美堇菜｜Viola amamiana｜Hatus.

Viola amani｜Post

Viola ambigua｜Barceló

Viola ambigua｜Waldst. & Kit.

Viola amiatina｜Ricceri & Moraldo

額穆爾堇菜｜Viola amurica

Viola anagae｜Gilli

Viola andersonii｜Greene

Viola andina｜W.Becker

Viola andrasovszkyi｜Jávorka, 1921

Viola angkae｜Craib

Viola angustifolia｜Phil.

Viola anisopetala｜Greene

Viola anitae｜J.M.Watson

越南堇菜｜Viola annamensis｜Baker fil.

Viola anodonta｜Greene

Viola anomala｜Kit. ex Colla

阿波山堇菜｜Viola apoensis｜Elmer

Viola araucaniae｜W.Becker

Viola arborescens｜L.

Viola arcuata｜Blume

Viola argenteria｜Moraldo & Forneris

阿根廷堇菜｜Viola argentina｜W.Becker

Viola argentinensis｜Speg.

Viola arguta｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola arguta｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

Viola arsenica｜Beck

野生堇菜｜Viola arvensis｜Murray

Viola arvensis × cornuta Viola arvensis × tricolor Viola arvensis × wittrockiana

Viola arvensoides｜Strobl

Viola athois｜W.Becker

Viola atropurpurea｜Leyb.

Viola aurantiaca｜Leyb.

Viola aurata｜Phil.

Viola auricolor｜Skottsb.

具耳堇菜｜Viola auriculata｜Leyb.

華南堇菜｜Viola austrosinensis｜Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang

滇南堇菜｜Viola austroyunnanensis｜Y.S. Chen, 2023

Viola awagatakensis｜T.Yamaz., I.Ito & Ageishi

Viola babunensis｜Erben

Viola bakeri｜Greene

Viola balansae｜Gagnep.

Viola balcanica｜Delip.

鹽源堇菜｜Viola bambusetorum

Viola bangii｜Rusby

積雪草葉堇菜｜Viola banksii｜K.R.Thiele & Prober

寶山堇菜｜Viola baoshanensis｜W.S.Shu, W.Liu & C.Y.Lan

Viola barhalensis｜G.Knoche & Marcussen

Viola barkalovii｜Bezd.

Viola barroetana｜W.Schaffn.

Viola barroetana｜W.Schaffn. ex Hemsl.

Viola baxteri｜House

Viola beamanii｜Calderón

Viola beati｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola beckeriana｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola beckiana｜Fiala

Viola beckiana｜Fiala ex Beck

Viola beckwithii｜A.Heller

Viola beckwithii｜Torr. & A.Gray

- Viola beckwithii × utahensis

槍葉堇菜｜Viola belophylla｜Boissieu

Viola bertolonii｜Pio

Viola besseri｜Rupr.

戟葉堇菜｜Viola betonicifolia｜Sm.

不丹堇菜｜Viola bhutanica｜Hara

雙色堇菜｜Viola bicolor｜Pursh

雙花堇菜｜Viola biflora｜L.

- Viola biflora var. carlottae × Viola glabella

Viola bilczensis｜Blocki

Viola binayensis｜Okamoto & K.Ueda

Viola bissetii｜Maxim.

Viola biturigensis｜Boreau ex Déségl.

Viola blanda｜Schott

Viola blanda｜Willd.

Viola blandaeformis｜Nakai, 1925

Viola blaxlandii｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola bocquetiana｜Yild.

姫深山堇菜｜Viola boissieuana｜Makino

玻利維亞堇菜｜Viola boliviana｜Britton

Viola bornmuelleri｜Erben

Viola bourgaei｜Rouy

興安圓葉堇菜｜Viola brachyceras

Viola brachypetala｜Gay

短葉堇菜｜Viola brachyphylla｜W.Becker

Viola brevicaulis｜Raeusch.

短花堇菜｜Viola breviflora｜Jungsim Lee & M.Kim

Viola brevistipulata｜(Fr. & Sav.) W.Becker

Viola bridgesii｜Britton

Viola brittoniana｜Pollard

Viola brooksii｜Kellogg

Viola bruneauniana｜Bailly

Viola bubanii｜Timb.-Lagr.

Viola buchteinii｜Gand.

Viola buchtienii｜Gand.

鱗莖堇菜｜Viola bulbosa｜Maxim.

Viola bungeana｜Rupr.

Viola bustillosia｜Gay

Viola caflishii｜Woerl.

Viola calabra｜(A.Terracc.) Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola calamaria｜Steud.

距瓣堇菜｜Viola calcarata｜L.

Viola calcarata｜Sm., 1806

Viola calchaquiensis｜W.Becker

喜鈣堇菜｜Viola calcicola｜R.A.McCauley & H.E.Ballard

Viola calderensis｜W.Becker

Viola caleyana｜G.Don

Viola californica｜Greene

Viola calthifolia｜Poir.

闊紫葉堇菜｜Viola cameleo｜H.Boissieu

加拿大堇菜｜Viola canadensis｜L.

灰堇菜｜Viola canescens｜Wall. ex Roxb.

犬堇菜｜Viola canina｜L.

Viola canobarbata｜Leyb.

Viola capillaris｜Pers.

Viola cardaminifolia｜Greene, 1901

Viola caspia｜(Rupr.) Freyn

Viola cassinensis｜Strobl

Viola castillonii｜(W.Becker) Xifreda & Sanso

高加索堇菜｜Viola caucasica｜(Rupr.) Kolen. ex Juz.

Viola caucasica｜Kolen.

Viola caucasica｜Kolen. ex Rupr.

Viola cazorlensis｜Gand.

Viola cenisia｜L.

Viola centellifolia｜Greene

Viola cephalonica｜Bornm.

Viola cerasifolia｜A.St.-Hil.

Viola cervatiana｜Ricceri & Moraldo

南山堇菜｜Viola chaerophylloides｜(Regel) W.Becker

Viola chamaedrys｜Leyb.

Viola chamissoniana｜Ging.

張氏堇菜｜Viola changii｜J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing

Viola charlestonensis｜M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen ex Clokey

Viola charophylloides｜(Regal) W.Becker

Viola chassanica｜Kork.

Viola cheelooi｜Jacot Guill.

Viola cheeseana｜J.M.Watson

Viola cheiranthifolia｜Humb. & Bonpl.

Viola cheiranthifolia｜Kunth

Viola chejuensis｜Y.N.Lee & Y.C.Oh

Viola chelmea｜Boiss. & Heldr.

Viola chiapasiensis｜W.Becker

Viola chinoi

Viola christii｜F.O.Wolf

Viola christii｜W.Wolf

Viola cilentana｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola cilicica｜Contandr. & Quézel

Viola ciliolata｜Schltr.

Viola cinerea｜Boiss.

Viola clarkae｜A.Nelson, 1912

Viola clauseniana｜Baker

Viola clementiana｜Boiss.

Viola cochleata｜Coincy

Viola cochranei｜H.E.Ballard

球果堇菜｜Viola collina｜Besser

- Viola collina × hirta
- Viola collina × hirta x odorata
- Viola collina × odorata
- Viola collina × hirta
- Viola collina × odorata

Viola colubrina｜Wedd. ex W.Becker

Viola columnaris｜Skottsb.

Viola commersonii｜DC.

Viola commersonii｜DC. ex Ging.

Viola communis｜Pollard

Viola commutata｜Waisb.

Viola comollia｜Massara

Viola comollia｜Messara

Viola concolor｜E.H.L.Krause

心葉堇菜｜Viola concordifolia｜C.J.Wang

密葉堇菜｜Viola confertifolia｜Chang

短毛堇菜｜Viola confusa

密花堇菜｜Viola congesta｜Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Viola congesta｜Gillies, 1833

Viola consanguinea｜Schott

角堇菜｜Viola cornuta｜L.

Viola coronifera｜W.Becker

Viola corralensis｜Phil.

科西嘉堇菜｜Viola corsica｜Jord.

Viola corsica｜Nyman

Viola cotyledon｜Ging.

高嶺堇菜｜Viola crassa｜(Makino) Makino

厚葉堇菜｜Viola crassifolia｜Fenzl

Viola crassiuscula｜Bory

Viola cryana｜Gillot

Viola cuatrecasasii｜L.B.Sm. & A.Fernández

Viola cucullata｜Aiton

Viola cucullifolia｜Wender.

Viola cucullifolia｜Wender. ex Steud.

Viola cuicochensis｜Hieron.

Viola culminis｜F.Fen. & Moraldo

Viola cuneata｜S.Watson

Viola cunninghamii｜Hook.fil.

Viola curicoensis｜W.Becker

Viola curtisiae｜(L.G.Adams) K.R.Thiele

Viola curvicalcarata｜W.Becker & H.Boissieu

鄂西堇菜｜Viola cuspidifolia｜W.Becker

Viola cyathiformis｜W.Becker

Viola czemalensis｜Zuev

Viola dacica｜Borbás

掌葉堇菜｜Viola dactyloides｜Roem. & Schult.

Viola dalatensis｜Gagnep.

Viola dandoisiorum｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola danielae｜Pînzaru

粗毛葉堇菜｜Viola dasyphylla｜W.Becker

深圓齒堇菜｜Viola davidii｜Franch.

Viola davisiae｜House

Viola debilis｜Pursh

Viola decipiens｜Reiche

Viola declinata｜Waldst. & Kit.

Viola decora｜Formánek

Viola decumbens｜L.fil.

Viola delabordii

灰葉堇菜｜Viola delavayi｜Franch.

Viola delphinantha｜Boiss.

Viola demetria｜Prolongo ex Boiss.

Viola denarieana｜Beauverd

Viola denizliensis｜O.D.Dücen, Göktürk, U.Sarpkaya & B.Gürcan

Viola dentriculosa｜Pollard

大葉堇菜｜Viola diamantiaca｜Nakai

Viola diandra｜L.

Viola dichroa｜Boiss. & A.Huet

七星蓮｜Viola diffusa｜Ging. ex DC.

光蔓莖堇菜｜Viola diffusoides

輪葉堇菜｜Viola dimorphophylla｜Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang

Viola dioszegiana｜Borbás

Viola dirimliensis｜Blaxland

Viola dirphya｜A.Tiniakou

Viola disjuncta｜W.Becker

裂葉堇菜｜Viola dissecta｜Ledeb.

異葉堇菜｜Viola diversifolia｜(Ging.) W.Becker

Viola doerfleri｜Degen

長距堇菜｜Viola dolichoceras

Viola dombeyana｜DC. ex Ging.

Viola domeykoana｜Gay

Viola domingensis｜Urb.

Viola douglasii｜Steud.

Viola dravica｜Murr

Viola dubia｜E.H.L.Krause

Viola dubyana｜Burnat ex Gremli

紫點堇菜｜Viola duclouxii｜W.Becker

Viola dukadjinica｜W.Becker & Kogan.

Viola dumoulinii｜Groner

Viola dyris｜Maire

Viola eburnea｜Gerbault

Viola ecuadorensis｜W.Becker

Viola egglestonii｜Brainerd

Viola elata｜Gueldenst.

高堇菜｜Viola elatior｜Fr.

- Viola elatior × pumila
- Viola elatior × pumila
- Viola elatior × riviniana
- Viola elatior × stagnina

Viola elegantula｜Greene

Viola elegantula｜Schott

Viola elongata｜Poir.

Viola eminens｜K.R.Thiele & Prober

Viola eminii｜(Engl.) Fr.

Viola eminii｜(Engl.) R.E.Fr.

Viola enmae｜P.Gonzáles

溪堇菜｜Viola epipsila｜Ledeb.

Viola epipsila × palustris

Viola epirota｜(Halácsy) Raus

Viola ermenekensis｜Yild. & Dinç

Viola erythraeae｜Chiov.

Viola escarapela｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola esculenta｜Elliott

Viola etrusca｜Erben

Viola euboea｜(Halácsy) Halácsy

Viola eucycla｜Greene

Viola eugeniae｜Parl.

Viola eurybiifolia｜Greene

Viola evae｜Hieron.

Viola evae｜Hieron. ex W.Becker

Viola excelsa｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819

Viola exigua｜Vell.

卓越堇菜｜Viola eximia｜Formánek

Viola exsul｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola farkasiana｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

長梗紫花堇菜｜Viola faurieana｜W.Becker

Viola fedtschenkoana｜W.Becker

Viola ferdinandea｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola ferrarinii｜Moraldo & Ricceri

Viola ferreyrae｜P.Gonzáles

Viola filicaulis｜Hook.fil.

Viola fischeri｜W.Becker

總裂葉堇菜｜Viola fissifolia｜Kitag.

Viola flagelliformis｜Hemsl.

Viola flahaultiana｜Sennen

南美黃堇菜｜Viola flavicans｜Wedd.

Viola flavida｜Schur

Viola flettii｜Piper

Viola flos-evae｜Hieron. ex Hicken, 1922

Viola flos-idae｜Hieron.

Viola fluehmannii｜Phil.

Viola fluhmannii｜Phil.

Viola fontanesi｜Coss.

台灣堇菜｜Viola formosana｜Hayata

羽裂堇菜｜Viola forrestiana｜W.Becker

Viola forskaalii｜Greuter

Viola fragrans｜Sieber

Viola frank-smithii｜N.H.Holmgren

Viola fraterna｜Hegetschw.

Viola fridericae｜Becker

Viola friderici｜W.Beckcr

冷地堇菜｜Viola frigida｜Phil.

多葉堇菜｜Viola frondosa｜(Velen.) Hayek

Viola frusinatae｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola frutescens｜Phil., 1895

Viola fruticosa｜W.Becker

Viola fuscifolia｜W.Becker

Viola fuscoviolacea｜(L.G.Adams) T.A.James

Viola galeanaensis｜M.S.Baker

Viola gan-chouenensis｜W.Becker

Viola ganiatsasii｜Erben

Viola gaviolii｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola gelida｜J.M.Watson, M.P.Cárdenas & A.R.Flores

Viola germainii｜Sparre

Viola gibbosa｜Raf., 1818

Viola glabella｜Nutt.

Viola glacialis｜Poepp. & Endl.

Viola glandularis｜H.E.Ballard & P.M.Jørg.

Viola glechomoides｜Leyb.

興安堇菜｜Viola gmeliniana｜Roem. & Schult.

Viola godoyae｜Phil.

Viola gracilis｜Sibth. & Sm.

Viola gracillima｜A.St.-Hil.

Viola graeca｜(W.Becker) Halácsy

Viola grahamii｜Benth.

Viola granatensis｜Huter

Viola grandiflora｜Griseb.

闊萼堇菜｜Viola grandisepala｜W.Becker

Viola granulosa｜Wedd.

Viola grayi｜Franch. & Sav.

Viola grisebachiana｜Vis.

紫花堇菜｜Viola grypoceras｜A.Gray

Viola guadalupensis｜A.M.Powell & Wauer

廣州堇菜｜Viola guangzhouensis｜A.Q.Dong, J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing

瓜地馬拉堇菜｜Viola guatemalensis｜W.Becker

Viola guaxarensis｜M.Marrero, Docoito Díaz & Martín Esquivel

Viola hallii｜A.Gray

如意草｜Viola hamiltoniana｜D.Don

西山堇菜｜Viola hancockii｜W.Becker

Viola hastata｜Michx.

常春藤葉堇菜｜Viola hederacea｜Labill.

紫葉堇菜｜Viola hediniana｜W.Becker

Viola heldreichiana｜Boiss.

Viola helena｜C.N.Forbes & Lydgate

Viola helenae｜C.N.Forbes & Lydgate

Viola helleriana｜W.Becker

Viola hemsleyana｜Calderón

巫山堇菜｜Viola henryi｜H.Boissieu

Viola herminii｜Rothm.

河源堇菜｜Viola heyuanensis｜Y.S.Huang, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan

Viola herzogii｜(W.Becker) Bornm.

Viola heterophylla｜Muhl.

Viola hieronymi｜W.Becker

Viola hillii｜W.Becker

Viola hirsutula｜Brainerd

毛堇菜｜Viola hirta｜L.，硬毛堇菜

毛柄堇菜｜Viola hirtipes｜S.Moore

Viola hispida｜Lam.

Viola hissarica｜Juz.

Viola holubyi｜Schur

日本球果堇菜｜Viola hondoensis｜W.Becker & Boissieu

Viola hookeriana｜Kunth

河北堇菜｜Viola hopeiensis

Viola hortensis｜Rouy & Foucaud

光葉堇菜｜Viola hossei

Viola howellii｜A.Gray

Viola huesoensis｜Martic.

Viola huidobrii｜Gay

Viola huidobrii｜W.Becker

惠州堇菜｜Viola huizhouensis｜Y.S.Huang & Q.Fan

Viola hultenii｜W.Becker

Viola humifusa｜Vuk.

Viola humilis｜Kunth

Viola humillima｜Sennen

湖南堇菜｜Viola hunanensis｜Hand.-Mazz.

丹霞堇菜｜Viola hybanthoides｜W.B.Liao & Q.Fan

Viola hybrida｜Krock.

Viola hydrocotyloides｜J.B.Armstr.

Viola hymettia｜Boiss. & Heldr.

Viola ilvensis｜(W.Becker) Arrigoni

Viola improcera｜L.G.Adams

Viola improvisa｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola incomparabilis｜Schur

長萼堇菜｜Viola inconspicua｜Blume

印度堇菜｜Viola indica｜W.Becker

Viola ingolensis｜Elisafenko

Viola ingrica｜M.Bieb. ex Rupr.

Viola inodora｜Andrz.

Viola integerrima｜Spreng.

Viola intertexta｜Beck

Viola ipecacua｜L.

Viola irinae｜Zolot.

Viola isaurica｜Contandr. & Quézel

Viola italica｜Voigt ex Bailly

Viola ivonis｜Erben

屋久島堇菜｜Viola iwagawae｜Makino

Viola iwagawai｜Makino

Viola jalapaensis｜W.Becker

Viola jalapensis｜W.Becker

Viola jangiensis｜W.Becker

日本堇菜｜Viola japonica｜Langsd. ex DC.，犁頭草

Viola japonica｜Langsd. ex Ging.

Viola jaubertiana｜Marès & Vigin.

Viola javanica｜W.Becker

Viola jeniseensis｜Zuev

井岡山堇菜｜Viola jinggangshanensis｜Z.L.Ning & J.P.Liao

Viola joergensenii｜W.Becker

Viola johnstonii｜W.Becker

Viola jooi｜Janka

Viola jordanii｜Hanry

Viola juressi｜Link ex Steud., 1821

Viola kamibayahsii｜Nakai

Viola karakalensis｜Klokov

Viola karlreicheana｜Sanso, M.Seo & Xifreda

Viola kauaensis｜A.Gray

Viola kauensis｜A.Gray

日本圓葉堇菜｜Viola keiskei｜Miq.

Viola kelleri｜W.Becker

Viola kermesina｜W.Becker

江西堇菜｜Viola kiangsiensis｜W.Becker

Viola kiliensis｜Prahl

Viola kitaibeliana｜Schult.

Viola kitamiana｜Nakai

Viola kizildaghensis｜Dinç & Yild.

Viola kjellbergii｜Melch.

Viola kjellhergii｜Melch.

Viola kochii｜Kirschl.

Viola kopaonikensis｜Pancic ex Tomovic & Niketic

Viola korahinskyi｜Juz.

Viola koritnicensis｜Trinajstic

Viola korshinskyi｜Juz., 1949

福建堇菜｜Viola kosanensis｜Hayata

Viola kosaninii｜(Degen) Hayek

Viola kosaninii｜Degen

Viola kronenburgii｜W.Becker

西藏堇菜｜Viola kunawarensis｜Royle，也拼作：Viola kunawurensis

Viola kusanoana｜Makino

Viola kusnezowiana｜W.Becker

廣東堇菜｜Viola kwangtungensis｜Melch.

Viola labiosa｜Sm.

Viola labradorica｜Schrank

Viola lactea｜Hegetschw.

Viola lactea｜Sm.

白花堇菜｜Viola lactiflora｜Nakai

Viola lainzii｜P.Monts.

Viola lanaiensis｜W.Becker

Viola lanceifolia｜Schumach. & Thonn.

Viola lanceolata｜L.

Viola lancifolia｜Steud.

Viola langeana｜Valentine

Viola langsdorffii｜Fisch. ex DC.

Viola langsdorfii｜(Regel) Fisch. ex Ging.

Viola lanifera｜W.Becker

Viola lapeyrousiana｜(Rouy & Foucaud) A.W.Hill

Viola largsdorflii｜Fisch. ex Ging.

Viola laricicola｜Marcussen

Viola latistipula｜Hemsl.

Viola latistipulata｜Hemsl.

Viola lehmannii｜W.Becker

Viola lehmannii｜W.Becker ex H.E.Ballard & P.Jørg.

Viola lepidia｜Jord.

Viola leyboldiana｜Phil.

蓮花山堇菜｜Viola lianhuashanensis

Viola libanotica｜Boiss.

Viola ligustina｜Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Viola lilliputana｜Iltis & H.E.Ballard

Viola lilloana｜W.Becker

Viola limbarae｜(Merxm. & W.Lippert) Arrigoni

Viola linariifolia｜Vahl

Viola linguifolia｜Piper, 1914

Viola lithion｜N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren

Viola livonica｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola llullaillacoensis｜W.Becker

淺裂堇菜｜Viola lobata｜Benth.

Viola lologensis｜(W.Becker) J.M.Watson

Viola longibracteolata｜P.Gonzales, Ed.Navarro & J.M.Watson, 2022

Viola longicaulis｜Krock.

Viola longipetiolata｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola losae｜Pau

亮毛堇菜｜Viola lucens｜W.Becker

Viola lungtungensis｜S.S.Ying

黃堇菜｜Viola lutea｜Huds.

Viola lyallii｜Hook.fil.

Viola macedonica｜Boiss. & Heldr.

Viola macloskeyi｜F.E.Lloyd

- Viola macloskeyi × Viola renifolia

大距堇菜｜Viola macroceras｜Bunge

Viola maculata｜Cav.

Viola magellanica｜G.Forst.

Viola magellanica｜Poir.

Viola magellensis｜Porta & Rigo ex Strobl

犁頭葉堇菜｜Viola magnifica｜Ching J.Wang ex X.D.Wang

Viola majchurensis｜Pissjauk.

Viola mandonii｜W.Becker

東北堇菜｜Viola mandshurica｜W.Becker

貓兒山堇菜｜Viola maoershanensis｜Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang

Viola marcelorosasii｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola marina｜Bailly

Viola marina｜E.Vilm., 1870

Viola maroccana｜(Maire) Maire

Viola mauiensis｜H.Mann

茂麗堇菜｜Viola mauritii｜Tepl.

Viola maviensis｜H.Mann

小深山堇菜｜Viola maximowicziana｜Makino

Viola maymanica｜Grey-Wilson

Viola mearnsii｜Merr.

Viola membranacea｜W.Becker

Viola mercurii｜Orph. ex Halácsy

Viola merrilliana｜W.Becker

Viola merxmuelleri｜Erben

Viola mesadensis｜W.Becker

Viola metajaponica｜Nakai

Viola meyerana｜Klokov

Viola miaolingensis｜Y.S.Chen

Viola micrantha｜Albert

Viola micrantha｜Porta ex Huter

Viola micranthella｜Wedd.

Viola microcentra｜W.Becker

Viola microceras｜Rupr.

Viola milanae｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola minuscula｜Greene

Viola minuta｜M.Bieb.

Viola minutiflora｜Phil.

美麗堇菜｜Viola mirabilis｜L.，奇異堇菜

- Viola mirabilis × reichenbachiana
- Viola mirabilis × reichenbachiana x riviniana
- Viola mirabilis × riviniana
- Viola mirabilis × rupestris subsp. rupestris

Viola missouriensis｜Greene

Viola modesta｜Fenzl

Viola modestula｜Klokov

Viola molisana｜Ricceri & Moraldo

維西堇菜｜Viola monbeigii｜W.Becker

Viola moncaunica｜Pau

蒙古堇菜｜Viola mongolica｜Franch.

Viola montagnei｜Gay

高堇菜｜Viola montana｜Hegetschw.

Viola montcaunica｜Pau

Viola moupinensis｜Franch.

Viola mrkvickana｜Velen.

小尖堇菜｜Viola mucronulifera｜Hand.-Mazz.

Viola mudfordei｜Pollard

大黃花堇菜｜Viola muehldorfii｜Kiss

木里堇菜｜Viola muliensis｜Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang

Viola munbyana｜Boiss. & Reut.

Viola munozensis｜W.Becker

Viola murronensis｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola muscoides｜Phil.

台北堇菜｜Viola nagasawae｜Makino & Hayata，也拼作：Viola nagasawai

Viola nana｜(DC.) Le Jol.

南嶺堇菜｜Viola nanlingensis｜J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing

Viola nannae｜R.E.Fr.

Viola nannei｜Pol.

Viola nantouensis｜S.S.Ying

Viola nassauvioides｜Phil.

Viola nebrodensis｜C.Presl

Viola nemorum｜Rouy & Foucaud

Viola nephrodes｜Raf., 1818

Viola nephrophylla｜Greene

Viola niederleinii｜W.Becker

亮葉堇菜｜Viola nitida｜Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang

Viola nivalis｜Vest ex Schult.

Viola nobilis｜W.Becker

Viola novae-angliae｜House

雲霧堇菜｜Viola nubigena｜Leyb.

裸堇菜｜Viola nuda｜W.Becker

怒江堇菜｜Viola nujiangensis｜Y.S.Chen & X.H.Jin

Viola nummulariifolia｜Vill.

Viola nuttallii｜Pursh

Viola oahuensis｜C.N.Forbes

Viola obituaria｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola oblonga｜Blatt.

翠峰堇菜｜Viola obtusa｜(Makino) Makino

Viola obtusa｜Freyn ex W.Becker, 1910

小花堇菜｜Viola occulta｜Lehm.

Viola ocellata｜Torr. & A.Gray

Viola odontocalycina｜Boiss.

香堇菜｜Viola odorata｜L.

Viola odorata x suavis

Viola ogawai｜Nakai, 1930

滇西堇菜｜Viola oligoceps｜Chang

Viola oligyrtia｜A.Tiniakou

Viola orbelica｜Pancic

Viola orbiculata｜Geyer ex A.Gray

Viola orbiculata｜Geyer ex Holz.

Viola orbiculata｜Geyer ex Hook.

Viola oreades｜M.Bieb.

東方堇菜｜Viola orientalis｜(Maxim.) W.Becker

Viola ornata｜P.Gonzales, Montesinos & J.M.Watson, 2022

Viola orphanidis｜Boiss.

Viola orthoceras｜Ledeb.

Viola ovalleana｜Phil.

Viola ovata｜Raf. ex DC., 1824

Viola ovatooblonga｜(Makino) Makino

Viola oxyodontis｜H.E.Ballard

Viola pachyrhizonia｜F.O.Wolf

Viola pachyrrhiza｜Boiss. & Hohen.

Viola pachysoma

Viola pacifica｜Juz.

Viola painteri｜Rose & House

Viola palatina｜Y.N.Lee

Viola pallascaensis｜W.Becker

Viola palmaesis｜Knowles & Westc.

雞爪葉堇菜｜Viola palmata｜L.

Viola palmensis｜Webb & Berthel.

Viola palustris｜L.

Viola papuana｜W.Becker & Pulle

Viola paradoxa｜Lowe

Viola pariaetariaefolia｜Banks ex Ging., 1824

Viola pariaetariifolia｜Banks ex Ging.

Viola parnassifolia｜Greene

Viola parnonia｜Kit Tan, Sfikas & Vold

Viola parva｜E.Adans.

Viola parvula｜Tineo

白花地丁｜Viola patrinii｜DC. ex Ging.

Viola pedata｜L.

Viola pedatifida｜G.Don

Viola pedunculata｜Torr. & A.Gray

北京堇菜｜Viola pekinensis

懸果堇菜｜Viola pendulicarpa

白灣堇菜｜Viola pendulipes｜Yan S.Huang and Q.Fan, 2023（廣東）

Viola pentadactyla｜Fenzl

Viola perennis｜Bailly

Viola perinensis｜W.Becker

極細堇菜｜Viola perpusilla｜Boissieu

Viola perreniformis｜(L.G.Adams) R.J.Little & Leiper

Viola persicifolia｜Hegetschw.

Viola perstolona｜Borbás

Viola petelotii｜W.Becker ex Gagnep.

Viola petraea｜W.Becker

莤堇菜｜Viola phalacrocarpa｜Maxim.，茜堇菜

Viola philippiana｜Greene

紫花地丁｜Viola philippica｜Cav.

Viola philippii｜Leyb.

Viola phitosiana｜Erben

Viola physaloides｜Greene

Viola picta｜Gillot

匍匐堇菜｜Viola pilosa｜Blume

松林堇菜｜Viola pinetorum｜Greene

Viola pinnata｜L.

Viola pinnatifida｜All.

Viola pitouchaoensis｜S.S.Ying

Viola placida｜W.Becker

Viola plenigeri｜Formánek

Viola pluviae｜Marcussen, H.E.Ballard & Blaxland

Viola podolica｜Andrz.

Viola podolica｜Andrz. ex Trautv.

Viola poetica｜Boiss. & Spruner

Viola polycephala｜H.E.Ballard & P.M.Jørg.

多型堇菜｜Viola polymorpha

Viola polyodonta｜W.Becker

Viola polypoda｜Turcz.

Viola pomelii｜Sennen & Mauricio

Viola popetae｜Sparre

Viola porphyrea｜Uechtr. ex Garcke

Viola portalesia｜Gay

Viola portulacea｜Leyb.

Viola praemorsa｜Douglas

Viola praemorsa｜Douglas ex Lindley

Viola prenja｜Beck

銳葉堇菜｜Viola pricei｜W. Becker

Viola primorskajensis｜(W.Becker) Vorosch.

Viola primulifolia｜L.

柔毛堇菜｜Viola principis｜H.Boissieu

早開堇菜｜Viola prionantha｜Bunge

Viola procerior｜Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Viola producta｜W.Becker

Viola prostrata｜Schult.

Viola pruinosa｜Pollard

Viola pseudaetolica｜Tomovic, Melovski & Niketic

假如意草｜Viola pseudo-arcuata

圓葉堇菜｜Viola pseudo-bambusetorum

Viola pseudograeca｜Erben

多花堇菜｜Viola pseudo-monbeigii

Viola pseudomunbyana｜W.Becker

Viola pseudostagnina｜Vorosch.

Viola pseudovulcanica｜W.Becker

毛葉黃堇菜｜Viola pubescens｜Aiton

Viola pubipetala｜S.S.Ying

Viola pulvinata｜Reiche

Viola pumila｜Chaix

Viola punctata｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819

紫紅堇菜｜Viola purpurea｜Kellogg

Viola pusilla｜Poepp.

Viola pusillima｜Wedd.

Viola pygmaea｜Juss. ex Poir.

庇里牛斯堇菜｜Viola pyrenaica｜Ramond ex DC.

Viola quercetorum｜M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

立堇菜｜Viola raddeana｜Regel

Viola ramiflora｜K.O.Yoo

Viola ramosiana｜W.Becker

Viola rauliniana｜Erben

Viola raunsiensis｜W.Becker & Kosanin

Viola rausii｜Erben

Viola regina｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola reichei｜Skottsb.

Viola reichenbachiana｜Jord. ex Boreau

- Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana
- Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana × rupestris
- Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana × ruppii
- Viola reichenbachiana × rupestris
- Viola reichenbachiana × ruppii
- Viola reichenbachiana × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola reichenbachiana × stagnina
- Viola reichenbachiana × uliginosa

Viola renifolia｜A.Gray

Viola reniformis｜R.Br. ex B.D.Jacks., 1895

Viola replicata｜W.Becker

Viola reverchonii｜Wenk

Viola reverchonii｜Willk. ex Coincy, 1895

Viola rheophila｜Okamoto

Viola rhodanica｜Chatenier & Revol

Viola rhodopaea

Viola rhodopeia｜W.Becker

Viola rhodopensis｜Formánek

菱葉堇菜｜Viola rhombifolia｜Leyb.

Viola riviniana｜Rchb.

- Viola riviniana × rupestris
- Viola riviniana × ruppii
- Viola riviniana × rupestris subsp. relicta
- Viola riviniana × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola riviniana × stagnina
- Viola riviniana × uliginosa

Viola roccabrunensis｜Espeut

圓葉小堇菜｜Viola rockiana

Viola rodriguezii｜W.Becker

Viola rogoviczii｜Andrz. ex Trautv.

Viola roigii｜Rossow

Viola rolandi-bonaparte｜F.O.Wolf, 1904

遼寧堇菜｜Viola rossii｜Hemsl.

Viola rossowiana｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

長嘴堇菜｜Viola rostrata｜Pursh

- 長嘴堇菜原變種 Viola rostrata var. rostrata
- 日本長嘴堇菜 Viola rostrata var. japonica (W. Becker & H. Boissieu) Ohwi

蓮座堇菜｜Viola rosulata｜P.Fourn.

Viola rosulata｜Poepp. & Endl.

Viola rotundifolia｜Hook.

Viola rotundifolia｜Michx.

Viola rouyana｜F.O.Wolf, 1904

Viola roxolanica｜Blocki

淡紅堇菜｜Viola rubella｜Cav.

Viola rubrifolia｜Boiss.

Viola rubromarginata｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola rudolfii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola rudolphii｜Sparre

Viola rugosa｜Phi. ex W.Becker

石生堇菜｜Viola rupestris｜F.W.Schmidt

- Viola rupestris subsp. rupestris × uliginosa
- Viola rupestris × ruppii

Viola rupicola｜Elmer

Viola ruppii｜All.

Viola ruppii｜Hegetschw.

Viola ruppii｜Rchb.

Viola saccata｜Melch.

庫頁堇菜｜Viola sacchalinensis｜H.Boissieu

Viola sacculus｜Skottsb.

Viola sagittata｜Aiton

Viola samothracica｜(Degen) Raus

Viola samothraki

Viola sandaiojiaoensis｜S.S.Ying

Viola sandbergii｜Greene

Viola sandrasea｜Melch.

Viola santiagoensis｜W.Becker

Viola santiagonensis｜W.Becker

Viola sarotina｜P.Fourn.

遼東堇菜｜Viola savatieri

Viola saxatilis｜Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult., 1819

Viola saxifraga｜Maire

Viola scabriuscula｜Schwein. ex Torr. & A.Gray, 1838

Viola scandens｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola scandens｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

Viola schachimardanica｜Khalk.

Viola schariensis｜Erben

陝西堇菜｜Viola schensiensis｜W.Becker

Viola schleidettiana｜Bogenh.

Viola schneideri｜W.Becker

Viola schultzii｜Billot ex F.W.Schultz

腎葉堇菜｜Viola schulzeana

Viola scorpiuroides｜Coss.

Viola securigera｜Greene

Viola seleriana｜W.Becker

深山堇菜｜Viola selkirkii｜Pursh ex Goldie

Viola sempervirens｜Greene

Viola sempervivum｜Gay

尖山堇菜｜Viola senzanensis｜Hayata

Viola septemloba｜Leconte

Viola sequeirae｜Capelo, R.Jardim, J.C.Costa, Lousã & Rivas Mart.

Viola serbica｜Formánek

Viola serotina｜P.Fourn.

Viola serpentinicola｜de Salas

Viola serpyllifolia｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819

Viola serpyllifolia｜Kunth ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola serresiana｜Erben

小齒堇菜｜Viola serrula

Viola sfikasiana｜Erben

小油坑堇菜｜Viola shaoyoukengensis｜S.S.Ying

Viola sheltonii｜Torr.

四國堇菜｜Viola shikokiana｜Makino

新竹堇菜｜Viola shinchikuensis｜Yamam.

世緯堇菜｜Viola shiweii｜Xiao C. Li & Z.W.Wang, 以貴州籍採集家鄧世緯（191？-1936）的名字命名

麓堇菜｜Viola sieboldii｜Maxim.

Viola sieheana｜W.Becker

錫金堇菜｜Viola sikkimensis｜W.Becker

Viola silicestris｜K.R.Thiele & Prober

Viola singularis｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola sirinica｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola skanderbegii｜Dörfl. & Hayek

Viola skottsbergiana｜W.Becker

Viola slavikii｜Formánek

Viola somchetica｜C.Koch

Viola somchetica｜K.Koch

Viola sordida｜Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Viola sororia｜Willd.

Viola spathulata｜Willd.

Viola spathulata｜Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola spegazzinii｜W.Becker

圓果堇菜｜Viola sphaerocarpa｜W.Becker

Viola stagnina｜Kit.

Viola stagnina × uliginosa

Viola stagnira｜Kit.

Viola steinbachii｜W.Becker

Viola stenantha｜Greene

廬山堇菜｜Viola stewardiana｜W.Becker

Viola stipularis｜Sw.

Viola stojanovii｜W.Becker

Viola stojanowii｜W.Becker

Viola stoloniflora｜Yokota & Higa

Viola striata｜Aiton

Viola striata｜Hook.

圓葉堇菜｜Viola striatella｜H.Boissieu

Viola striis-notata｜(J.Wagner) Merxm. & W.Lippert

Viola stuebelii｜Hieron.

Viola suavis｜(O.Bolòs & Vigo) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Viola suavis｜M.Bieb.

Viola subandina｜J.M.Watson

Viola subasica｜(Fiori) Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola subatlantica｜(Maire) Ibn Tattou

Viola subcrenata｜Phil. ex F.Meigen

Viola subdimidiata｜A.St.-Hil.

Viola suboderata｜Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Viola subodorata｜Dalla Torre & Sarnth., 1909

Viola subrotunda｜Greene

Viola subsinuata｜(Greene) Greene

Viola suecica｜Fr.

光葉堇菜｜Viola sumatrana｜Miq.

Viola sylvatica｜Fr.

四川堇菜｜Viola szetschwanensis｜W.Becker & H.Boissieu

Viola szilyana｜Borbás

泰山堇菜｜Viola taishanensis

Viola takeshimana｜Nakai

Viola taltalensis｜W.Becker

Viola tanaitica｜Grosset

Viola tarbagataica｜Klokov

八重山堇菜｜Viola tashiroi｜Makino

Viola taurica｜C.A.Mey. ex Regel

Viola taynensis｜Elisafenko

Viola tectiflora｜W.Becker

Viola tenorei｜N.Terracc.

細距堇菜｜Viola tenuicornis｜W.Becker

Viola tenuipes｜Pollard

心葉茶匙黃｜Viola tenuis｜，細葉堇菜

纖莖堇菜｜Viola tenuissima｜Chang

Viola teplouchovii｜Juz.

Viola teucriifolia｜Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819

Viola thasia｜W.Becker

Viola thibaudieri｜Franch. & Sav.

Viola thomasiana｜Songeon & Perr.

毛堇菜｜Viola thomsonii｜Oudem.

Viola thymifolia｜Britton

滇西堇菜｜Viola tienschiensis

Viola tineorum｜Erben & Raimondo

東海堇菜｜Viola tokaiensis｜Sugim. ex N. Yamada & Igari

Viola tokubuchiana｜Makino

Viola tomentosa｜M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

Viola tonkinensis｜Gagnep.

Viola torresiae｜Marcet

Viola tovarii｜P.Gonzáles & Molina-Alor

三角葉堇菜｜Viola triangulifolia｜W.Becker

毛瓣堇菜｜Viola trichopetala｜Chang

三色堇｜Viola tricolor｜L.

大花三色堇｜Viola tricolor × wittrockiana

Viola tridentata｜Menzies ex DC.

Viola tridentata｜Sm.

Viola tridentina｜W.Becker

Viola triflabellata｜W.Becker

Viola trinervata｜(Howell) Howell ex A.Gray

Viola tripartita｜Elliott

Viola tripartita｜G.Don ex W.H.Baxter, 1850

Viola trochlearis｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola truncata｜Meyen

雪山堇菜｜Viola tsugitakaensis

塊莖堇菜｜Viola tuberifera

Viola tucumanensis｜W.Becker

土耳其堇菜｜Viola turkestanica｜Regel & Schmalh. ex Regel

Viola turritella｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola ucriana｜Erben & Raimondo

Viola ugamica｜Juz.

Viola uliginosa｜Besser

Viola umbellata｜Sessé & Moc.

Viola umbraticola｜Kunth

Viola umphangensis｜S.Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph.

Viola unica｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola uniflora｜L.

Viola uniflora｜Vand. ex Roem.

Viola uniquissima｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola unwinii｜W.Becker

粗齒堇菜｜Viola urophylla｜Franch.

猶他堇菜｜Viola utahensis｜M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

Viola utahensis x beckwithii

Viola utchinensis｜Koidz.

Viola vadimii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

烏泡連｜Viola vaginata｜Maxim.

Viola valderia｜All.

Viola vallenarensis｜W.Becker

Viola vallicola｜A.Nelson

Viola valvidiana｜Kalela

Viola vanroyenii｜H.St.John

斑葉堇菜｜Viola variegata｜Fisch. ex Link

Viola vectoris｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola vegetalis｜Müll.Berol., 1868

Viola velutina｜Formánek

Viola venosa｜Piper

堇菜｜Viola verecunda

Viola veronicaefolia｜Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.

Viola veronicifolia｜Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.

Viola verticillata｜Cerv.

Viola villosa｜Walter

紫背堇菜｜Viola violacea｜Makino

Viola volcanica｜Gill.

Viola volcanica｜Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Viola voliotisii｜Erben

Viola vorobievii｜Bezd.

Viola vourinensis｜Erben

Viola vranicensis｜Beck

Viola vulturis｜Ricceri & Moraldo

Viola wailenalenae｜(Rock) Skottsb.

西藏細距堇菜｜Viola wallichiana｜Ging. ex DC.

Viola walteri｜House

Viola wansanensis｜Y.N.Lee

Viola watsonii｜Greene

Viola weberbaueri｜W.Becker

蓼葉堇菜｜Viola websteri｜Hemsl.

Viola weibelii｜J.F.Macbr. ex Baehni & Weibel, 1941

Viola werdermannii｜W.Becker

Viola wichurai｜Nakai, 1928

維基百科堇菜｜Viola wikipedia

Viola willkommii｜R.Roem. ex Willk.

Viola wilmattae｜A.Nelson

Viola wilmattae｜Pollard & Cockerell, 1902

絨毛堇菜｜Viola wilsonii｜W. Becker

Viola winteri｜J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

大花三色堇｜Viola wittrockiana｜Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler

Viola woosanensis｜Y.N.Lee & J.Kim

Viola woroschilovii｜Bezd.

Viola wrightiana｜Watt

武陵堇菜｜Viola wulingensis｜S.S.Ying

Viola xanthopotamica｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola xibaoensis｜S.S.Ying

Viola yamatsutae｜Ishid. ex Kitag.

Viola yamatsutai｜Ishidoya

Viola yazawana｜Makino

Viola yedoensis｜Makino

陰地堇菜｜Viola yezoensis｜Maxim.

Viola yildirimlii｜Dinç & Bagci

雲南堇菜｜Viola yunnanensis｜W.Becker & H.Boissieu

心葉堇菜｜Viola yunnanfuensis｜W.Becker

Viola yuzufelensis｜A.P.Khokhr.

Viola zarencznyi｜Zapal.

Viola zoysii｜Wulfen

雜交種：

Viola ×adulterina｜Godr.

Viola ×ajtayana｜Wagner

Viola ×albiensis｜Sudre

Viola ×albimaritima｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×albovii｜V.V.Nikitin

Viola ×alpigena｜Chatenier

Viola ×anceps｜C.Richt.

Viola ×anceps｜K.Richt.

Viola ×arophila｜Wiesb.

Viola ×ausonensis｜Sennen

Viola ×babiogorensis｜Zapal.

Viola ×bachtschisaraensis｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×balearica｜Rosselló, Mayol & Mus

Viola ×basilensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×batava｜Kloos

Viola ×bavarica｜Schrank

Viola ×beebyi｜Druce

Viola ×berggrenii｜W.Becker

Viola ×bernardii｜(Greene) Greene

Viola ×bernoulliana｜W.Becker

Viola ×bernoulliana｜W.Becker ex Burnat, 1906

Viola ×bessarabica｜Zapal.

Viola ×bethkei｜C.Richt.

Viola ×bissellii｜House

Viola ×blaxlandiae｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola ×borbasii｜Gáyer

Viola ×borsodiensis｜Budai & Gáyer

Viola ×borussica｜(Borbás) W.Becker

Viola ×brandisii｜W.Becker

Viola ×brauniae｜Grover ex Cooperr.

Viola ×brauniae｜Grover, 1939

Viola ×braunii｜Borbás

Viola ×braunii｜Grover

Viola ×brevicornis｜Biau

Viola ×bulgarica｜W.Becker

Viola ×burnatii｜Gremli

Viola ×caflischii｜Woerl.

Viola ×caninaeformis｜C.Richt.

Viola ×caninaeformis｜K.Richt., 1888

Viola ×canninefas｜Kloos

Viola ×carinthiaca｜Borbás

Viola ×cebennensis｜Chatenier

Viola ×celinae｜Sennen & Gonzalo

Viola ×champlainensis｜House

Viola ×chenevardii｜W.Becker

Viola ×chevalieri｜H.Lév.

Viola ×christii｜Wulf, 1881

Viola ×chrysantha｜Schrad. ex Rchb.

Viola ×cinerascens｜A.Kern.

Viola ×conjugens｜Greene

Viola ×consobrina｜House

Viola ×consocia｜House

Viola ×consorbrina｜House

Viola ×contempta｜Jord.

Viola ×cooperrideri｜H.E.Ballard

Viola ×coquoziana｜W.Becker

Viola ×cordifolia｜(Nutt.) Schwein.

Viola ×cracoviensis｜Zmuda

Viola ×curnowii｜Druce

Viola ×davisii｜House

Viola ×demissa｜House, 1924

Viola ×desetangsii｜G.Camus & Har.

Viola ×digenea｜Rouy & Foucaud

Viola ×dissita｜House

Viola ×doii｜Taken.

Viola ×domburgensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×duffortii｜Fouill.

Viola ×durennei｜Petitm.

Viola ×eamesii｜House

Viola ×eamsii｜House

Viola ×eclipes｜H.E.Ballard

Viola ×egglestoniana｜House

Viola ×egregia｜House

Viola ×eichenfeldii｜Halácsy

Viola ×eizasieboldii｜Sugim. ex T.Shimizu

Viola ×ekstroemiana｜W.Becker

Viola ×eriksoniana｜W.Becker

Viola ×excerpta｜House

Viola ×fallacina｜Rouy & Foucaud, 1896

Viola ×fennica｜Nyl.

Viola ×filicetorum｜Greene

Viola ×florariensis｜Correvon

Viola ×florariensis｜Karrer

Viola ×fouilladei｜W.Becker

Viola ×fryeri｜Druce

Viola ×fujisanensis｜S.Watan.

Viola ×funesta｜C.Richt.

Viola ×funesta｜K.Richt.

Viola ×ganeschinii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×genevensis｜Chenevard

Viola ×gerslaueri｜L.Gross, 1921

Viola ×gerstlaueri｜L.Gross

Viola ×glabrescens｜(Neuman) Tzvelev

Viola ×gloggnitzensis｜C.Richt.

Viola ×gloggnitzensis｜K.Richt.

Viola ×godlewskii｜Zmuda

Viola ×gotlandica｜W.Becker

Viola ×gracillima｜Chatenier

Viola ×granitica｜Chatenier

Viola ×greatrexii｜Nakai & Maek.

Viola ×greenmanii｜House

Viola ×gremblichii｜Murr

Viola ×grossii｜Gerstl.

Viola ×grubovii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×guitteanae｜Giraudias

Viola ×halacsyana｜Degen & Dörfl.

Viola ×hallieri｜Borbás

Viola ×helvetica｜Brügger

Viola ×heslopii｜Druce

Viola ×heterantha｜Caball.

Viola ×heterocarpa｜Borbás

Viola ×hirtiformis｜Wiesb.

Viola ×hiyamae｜Maek.

Viola ×hollickii｜House

Viola ×holsatica｜E.L.Krause

Viola ×hortorum｜Thorsrud & Reisaeter

Viola ×hungarica｜Degen & Sabr.

Viola ×hyperborea｜(Rupr) V.V.Nikitin

Viola ×hyrcanica｜V.V.Nikitin

Viola ×ibukiana｜Makino

Viola ×igoschinae｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×incissecta｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×insessa｜House

Viola ×insidiosa｜Rouy & Foucaud

Viola ×insignis｜C.Richt.

Viola ×insignis｜K.Richt.

Viola ×insolita｜House

Viola ×interjecta｜Borbás

Viola ×jaborneggii｜Khek ex Pacher

Viola ×jaccardii｜W.Becker

Viola ×jindoensis｜M.Kim

Viola ×joannis-wagneri｜Kárpáti

Viola ×johannis-wagneri｜Kárpáti, 1946

Viola ×josephii｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola ×julia｜Brügger

Viola ×juliae｜Brügger

Viola ×juzepczukii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×kalkburgensis｜Wiesb., 1875

Viola ×kalksburgensis｜Wiesb.

Viola ×karakulensis｜Vl.V.Nikitin & O.Baranova

Viola ×kerneri｜Wiesb.

Viola ×keterocarpa｜Borbás ex K.Richt.

Viola ×kiliensis｜E.H.L.Krause

Viola ×kisoana｜Nakai

Viola ×klingeana｜Ronniger

Viola ×klopotovii｜W.Becker

Viola ×koehleri｜W.Becker

Viola ×kotschyana｜W.Becker

Viola ×kozo-poljanskii｜Grosset

Viola ×krascheninnikoviorum｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×kupcokiana｜W.Becker

Viola ×kupfferiana｜W.Becker

Viola ×lacaitaeana｜W.Becker

Viola ×lacmonica｜Hausskn.

Viola ×lambertii｜H.Lév.

Viola ×lanciformis｜Rouy & Foucaud

Viola ×leucopetala｜Murr & Pöll

Viola ×lovelliana｜Brainerd

Viola ×luciae｜Skottsb.

Viola ×luganensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×lutzii｜E.G.Camus

Viola ×magna｜C.Richt.

Viola ×magna｜K.Richt.

Viola ×malteana｜House

Viola ×maluqueri｜Sennen

Viola ×malvesini｜Jeanj.

Viola ×mantziana｜W.Becker

Viola ×marcetii｜W.Becker

Viola ×marihelenae｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×markensteinensis｜Wiesb.

Viola ×markgrafii｜W.Becker

Viola ×martii｜Wiesb.

Viola ×martinii｜Maek.

Viola ×matczkasensis｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×medelii｜W.Becker

Viola ×megapolitana｜E.H.L.Krause

Viola ×megapolitana｜Prahl

Viola ×melissifolia｜Greene

Viola ×menitzkii｜V.V.Nikitin

Viola ×merkensteiniensis｜Wiesb. ex Murr

Viola ×merkensteiniensis｜Wiesb., 1883

Viola ×mielnicensis｜Zapal.

Viola ×mira｜Zapal.

Viola ×mirabiliformis｜Murr & Pöll

Viola ×mistura｜House

Viola ×mixta｜A.Kern.

Viola ×mixta｜Sudre

Viola ×modesta｜House

Viola ×modica｜House

Viola ×molleri｜Wein

Viola ×mollicula｜House

Viola ×mollis｜A.Kern. ex Wiesb.

Viola ×montfortensis｜Murr & Pöll

Viola ×mulfordiae｜Pollard

Viola ×murbeckii｜Dörfl.

Viola ×muretii｜F.O.Wolf

Viola ×murrii｜Pôll

Viola ×najadum｜Wein

Viola ×napae｜House

Viola ×nataliae｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×neglecta｜F.W.Schmidt

Viola ×neglectiformis｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×neilreichiana｜Borbás

Viola ×neilreichii｜C.Richt.

Viola ×neilreichii｜K.Richt.

Viola ×nemenyiana｜Wagner

Viola ×neoburgensis｜Erdner

Viola ×nephrophylloides｜Farw.

Viola ×neumanniana｜Borbás

Viola ×nikitinii｜Vasjukov

Viola ×notabilis｜E.P.Bicknell

Viola ×obtusoacuminata｜T.Hashim. ex T.Shimizu

Viola ×obtusogrypoceras｜Makino

Viola ×oelandica｜W.Becker, 1910

Viola ×oenensis｜Borbás

Viola ×oenipontana｜Murr

Viola ×ogawae｜Nakai

Viola ×okuharae｜F.Maek. ex T.Shimizu

Viola ×olimpia｜Beggiat.

Viola ×oreliensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×orophila｜Wiesb.

Viola ×pacheri｜Wiesb.

Viola ×paradoxa｜K.Richt.

Viola ×paradoxa｜Rouy & Foucaud

Viola ×paxiana｜Degen & Zsák

Viola ×perplexa｜Gremli

Viola ×peterfii｜Nyár.

Viola ×poelliana｜Murr

Viola ×poltavensis｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×polysecta｜Nakai

Viola ×popovae｜V.V.Nikitin

Viola ×populifolia｜Greene

Viola ×porphyrea｜R.Uechtr.

Viola ×porteriana｜Pollard

Viola ×preywischiana｜Nauenb.

Viola ×prutensis｜Zapal.

Viola ×pseudomakinoi｜M.Mizush. ex T.Shimizu

Viola ×pseudosepincola｜W.Becker

Viola ×pynzarii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×radians｜Beck

Viola ×ravida｜House

Viola ×redacta｜House

Viola ×regeliana｜Rouy & Foucaud

Viola ×reschetnikovae｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×rhaetica｜Borbás

Viola ×rhenana｜Gerstl.

Viola ×riddensis｜F.O.Wolf

Viola ×riloensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×ritschliana｜W.Becker

Viola ×robinsoniana｜House

Viola ×rolandi-bonapartei｜W.Wolf

Viola ×ronnigeri｜W.Becker

Viola ×rossii｜Chiov.

Viola ×rouyana｜W.Wolf

Viola ×roxolanica｜Zapal.

Viola ×rupestriformis｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×ruprechtiana｜Borbás

Viola ×ryoniae｜House

Viola ×ryonii｜House

Viola ×salvatoriana｜W.Becker & Thell. ex W.Becker

Viola ×sanensis｜Zapal.

Viola ×sardagnae｜W.Becker

Viola ×savatieri｜Makino

Viola ×savourei｜H.Lév.

Viola ×scabra｜Braun

Viola ×schalmausenii｜Rouy & Foucaud

Viola ×scharlockii｜W.Becker, 1914

Viola ×schauloi｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×schlarlockii｜W.Becker

Viola ×sedunensis｜F.O.Wolf

Viola ×segniensis｜Gáyer & Degen

Viola ×semseyana｜Borbás

Viola ×sennenii｜Pau

Viola ×sermenika｜Formánek

Viola ×silana｜Merino

Viola ×skofitziana｜Wiesb.

Viola ×slavinii｜House

Viola ×slesvicensis｜Prahl

Viola ×sokalensis｜Zapal.

Viola ×stuartii｜Bergmans

Viola ×suaveolens｜Wiesb.

Viola ×suaviflora｜Borbás & Heinr.Braun

Viola ×subaffinis｜House

Viola ×subcollina｜Beck

Viola ×subglabrata｜Pöll ex W.Becker

Viola ×subhirta｜Beck

Viola ×sublanceolata｜House

Viola ×subodorata｜Borbás ex Murr

Viola ×suevica｜Gerstl.

Viola ×sukaczewii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×superodorata｜Greg.

菊葉堇菜｜Viola ×takahashii｜(Nakai) Taken.

Viola ×talmensis｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×taradakensis｜Nakai

Viola ×tatrae｜Borbás

Viola ×tenuis｜C.Richt.

Viola ×tenuis｜K.Richt.

Viola ×teriana｜Sennen

Viola ×tessinensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×texidoris｜Sennen & Gonzalo

Viola ×tichomirovii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×tigirekica｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×tiroliensis｜Borbás

Viola ×torslundensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×tourbillonensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×tristicha｜Waisb.

Viola ×tuvinica｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×tzvelevii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×uechtritziana｜Borbás

Viola ×variifrons｜Pôll

Viola ×vaudensis｜Hausskn. ex Gremli

Viola ×vermontana｜House

Viola ×viarum｜Pollard

Viola ×viatkensis｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×villaquensis｜Benz

Viola ×vilnaensis｜W.Becker

Viola ×vindeliciana｜Gerstl.

Viola ×vindobonensis｜Wiesb.

Viola ×visseriana｜Bergmans

Viola ×watsonii｜Druce

Viola ×wiesbaurii｜Sabr.

Viola ×wiesbaurii｜Sabr. ex Nyman

Viola ×wilczekiana｜Beauverd

Viola ×wilhelmii｜V.V.Nikitin

小花三色堇｜Viola ×williamsii｜Wittr.

三色堇｜Viola ×wittrockiana｜Gams ex Kappert，小三色堇

Viola ×wujekii｜H.E.Ballard

Viola ×wychensis｜Kloos

Viola ×yurii｜Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola ×zahnii｜Benz

Viola ×zapalowiczii｜Zmuda

Viola ×zophodes｜K.R.Thiele & Prober

Viola ×zwienenii｜J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores

Viola canina subsp. canina × pumila Viola canina subsp. canina × reichenbachiana Viola canina subsp. canina × riviniana Viola canina subsp. canina × rupestris subsp. rupestris Viola canina subsp. canina × stagnina Viola canina subsp. canina × uliginosa Viola canina subsp. montana × mirabilis Viola canina subsp. montana × reichenbachiana Viola canina subsp. montana × riviniana Viola canina subsp. montana × rupestris subsp. relicta Viola canina subsp. montana × rupestris subsp. rupestris Viola canina subsp. montana × stagnina Viola canina subsp. montana × uliginosa Viola canina × elatior Viola canina × pumila Viola canina × reichenbachiana Viola canina × reichenbachiana x riviniana Viola canina × riviniana Viola canina × rupestris Viola canina × stagnina Viola canina × odorata Viola canina × riviniana Viola canina × rupestris subsp. relicta Viola canina × rupestris subsp. rupestris Viola canina × stagnina Viola canina × uliginosa Viola hirta × odorata Viola hirta × odorata x suavis Viola hirta × suavis Viola hirta × odorata Viola pumila × riviniana Viola pumila × stagnina Viola pumila × reichenbachiana Viola pumila × riviniana Viola pumila × rupestris subsp. rupestris Viola pumila × stagnina

歸入本屬的物種：

Mnemion cariotii｜Fourr.

## 基本資料

- 說明：香堇菜
- 學名：Viola
- 命名者：L., 1753
- subdivision_ranks：種
- 栽培群成員：見正文