蠅虎科

蠅虎科（學名：Salticidae）又名跳蛛科，或稱「虩」（讀音同「隙」），是蜘蛛目中物種多樣性最多的一科，也是蠅虎總科的唯一科。

## 分類

根據ITIS引用的2011年數據，本科之下有570個屬。部分動物學家嘗試將這些屬分類，但結果絕大多數分類仍被歸入跳蛛亞科。

下列部分本科的屬：

豹跳蛛屬｜Aelurillus

暗跳蛛屬｜Asemonea

亞蛛屬｜Asianellus

艾圖蛛屬｜Attulus｜Simon, 1889

- Attulus albolineatus (Kulczyński, 1895)
- Attulus ammophilus (Thorell, 1875)
- Attulus ansobicus (Andreeva, 1976)
- Attulus atricapillus (Simon, 1882)
- Attulus avocator (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1885)
- Attulus barsakelmes (Logunov & Rakov, 1998)
- Attulus burjaticus (Danilov & Logunov, 1994)
- Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861)
- Attulus cautus (G.W.Peckham & E.G.Peckham, 1888)
- Attulus clavator (Schenkel, 1936)
- Attulus croceus Logunov, 2023
- Attulus cutleri (Prószyński, 1980)
- Attulus damini (Chyzer, 1891)
- Attulus diductus (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1885)
- Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868)
- Attulus dubatolovi (Logunov & Rakov, 1998)
- Attulus dudkoi (Logunov, 1998)
- Attulus dzieduszyckii (L.Koch, 1870)
- Attulus eskovi (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1995)
- Attulus fasciger (Simon, 1880)
- Attulus finschi (L.Koch, 1879)
- Attulus floricola (C.L.Koch, 1837)
- Attulus godlewskii (Kulczyński, 1895)
- Attulus goricus (Ovtsharenko, 1978)
- Attulus hirokii Ono & Ogata, 2018
- Attulus inexpectus (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997)
- Attulus inopinabilis (Logunov, 1992)
- Attulus japonicus (Kishida, 1910)
- Attulus karakumensis (Logunov, 1992)
- Attulus kazakhstanicus (Logunov, 1992)
- Attulus longipes (Canestrini, 1873)
- Attulus mirandus (Logunov, 1993)
- Attulus monstrabilis (Logunov, 1992)
- Attulus montanus (Kishida, 1910)
- Attulus nakamurae (Kishida, 1910)
- Attulus nangrahar Logunov, 2021
- Attulus nenilini (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1993)
- Attulus niger (Dyal, 1935)
- Attulus nitidus (Hu, 2001)
- Attulus niveosignatus (Simon, 1880)
- Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875)
- Attulus penicilloides (Wesołowska, 1981)
- Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775)
- Attulus pulchellus (Logunov, 1992)
- Attulus pusio (Simon, 1871)
- Attulus relictarius (Logunov, 1998)
- Attulus rivalis (Simon, 1937)
- Attulus rupicola (C.L.Koch, 1837)
- Attulus saevus (Dönitz & Strand, 1906)
- Attulus saganus (Dönitz & Strand, 1906)
- Attulus saltator (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1868)
- Attulus sinensis (Schenkel, 1963)
- Attulus striatus (Emerton, 1911)
- Attulus subadultus (Dönitz & Strand, 1906)
- Attulus sylvestris (Emerton, 1891)
- Attulus talgarensis (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1993)
- Attulus tannuolana (Logunov, 1991)
- Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757)
- Attulus vilis (Kulczyński, 1895)
- Attulus zaisanicus (Logunov, 1998)
- Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877)

巴希拉屬｜Bagheera

巴韋蛛屬｜Bavia

菱頭蛛屬｜Bianor

貝塔蛛屬｜Brettus

布氏蛛屬｜Bristowia

緬蛛屬｜Burmattus

貓跳蛛屬｜Carrhotus

銅蛛屬｜Chalcoscirtus

螯跳蛛屬｜Cheliceroides

華蛛屬｜Chinattus｜，1 種

華斑蛛屬｜Chinophrys

麗跳蛛屬｜Chrysilla

Clynotis｜Simon, 1901

Colopsus｜Simon, 1902

- Colopsus arkavathi Caleb, 2022
- Colopsus cancellatus Simon, 1902
- Colopsus cinereus Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2021
- Colopsus ferruginus Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2021
- Colopsus longipalpis (Żabka, 1985)
- Colopsus magnus Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2021
- Colopsus tenuesi Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2021

劍蛛屬｜Colyttus

華美蛛屬｜Corusca

雙管跳蛛屬｜Cyrba

胞蛛屬｜Cytaea｜1 種

追蛛屬｜Dendryphantes

Diolenius｜Thorell, 1870

- Diolenius albopiceus Hogg, 1915
- Diolenius amplectens Thorell, 1881
- Diolenius angustipes Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006
- Diolenius armatissimus Thorell, 1881
- Diolenius bicinctus Simon, 1884
- Diolenius decorus Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006
- Diolenius infulatus Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006
- Diolenius insignitus Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006
- Diolenius lineatus Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006
- Diolenius lugubris Thorell, 1881
- Diolenius minotaurus
- Diolenius paradoxus Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006
- Diolenius phrynoides (Walckenaer, 1837)
- Diolenius redimiculatus Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006
- Diolenius sarmiensis Gardzińska & Patoleta, 2013
- Diolenius varicus Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006
- Diolenius virgatus Gardzińska & Żabka, 2006

Diplocanthopoda｜Abraham, 1925

- Diplocanthopoda marina Abraham, 1925

右蛛屬｜Dexippus｜1 種

Edwardsya｜Ruiz & Bustamante, 2016

- Edwardsya igapo Ruiz & Bustamante, 2016
- Edwardsya simoni (Taczanowski, 1871)

艾普蛛屬｜Epeus｜Peckham & Peckham，1886

艷蛛屬｜Epocilla

堯奇蛛屬｜Euochin｜Prószynski, 2018

斑蛛屬｜Euophrys｜C.L.Koch, 1834，侏斑蛛屬

尤波蛛屬｜Eupoa｜Zabka, 1985

獵蛛屬｜Evarcha｜Simon, 1902

羽蛛屬｜Featheroides｜Peng, Yin, Xie & Kim, 1994

潛葉蛛屬｜Foliabitus

格德蛛屬｜Gedea

膠跳蛛屬｜Gelotia

Ghatippus｜Marathe & Maddison, 2024

- Ghatippus paschima Marathe & Maddison, 2024

美蛛屬｜Habrocestum｜Simon, 1876

苦役蛛屬｜Hakka｜Berry & Prószynski, 2001

蟆蛛屬｜Harmochirus｜，哈莫蛛屬， 1 種

哈蛛屬｜Hasarina

遜蠅虎屬｜Hasarius｜，蛤沙蛛屬

閃蛛屬｜Heliophanus

蠅象屬｜Hyllus

翹蛛屬｜Irura｜Peckham et Peckham, 1901

蘭格蛛屬｜Langerra

蘭戈納蛛屬｜Langona

勞弗蛛屬｜Laufeia｜Simon, 1889

- Laufeia aenea Simon, 1889
- Laufeia aerihirta (Urquhart, 1888)
- 版納勞弗蛛 Laufeia banna Wang & Li, 2021
- Laufeia concava Zhang & Maddison, 2012
- Laufeia eximia Zhang & Maddison, 2012
- Laufeia longapophysis Lei & Peng, 2012
- Laufeia sasakii Ikeda, 1998
- Laufeia sicus Wu & Yang, 2008
- Laufeia zhangae Wang & Li, 2022

萊奇蛛屬｜Lechia｜Zabka, 1985

馬卡蛛屬｜Macaroeris｜Wunderlich, 1992

- Macaroeris albosignata Schmidt & Krause, 1996
- Macaroeris asiatica Logunov & Rakov, 1998
- Macaroeris cata (Blackwall, 1867)
- Macaroeris desertensis Wunderlich, 1992
- Macaroeris diligens (Blackwall, 1867)
- Macaroeris flavicomis (Simon, 1885)
- Macaroeris litoralis Wunderlich, 1992
- Macaroeris moebi (Bösenberg, 1895)
- Macaroeris nidicolens (Walckenaer, 1802)

馬拉蛛屬｜Maratus｜Karsch, 1878

馬倫戈蛛屬｜Marengo｜Peckham & Peckham, 1892

- Marengo batheryensis Sudhin, Nafin, Benjamin & Sudhikumar, 2019
- Marengo crassipes G.W.Peckham & E.G.Peckham, 1892
- Marengo deelemanae Benjamin, 2004
- Marengo ganae Wang & Li, 2022
- Marengo inornata (Simon, 1900)
- Marengo nitida Simon, 1900
- Marengo rattotensis Benjamin, 2006
- Marengo sachintendulkar Malamel, Prajapati, Sudhikumar & Sebastian, 2019
- Marengo striatipes Simon, 1900
- 唐氏馬倫戈蛛 Marengo tangi Wang & Li, 2021
- Marengo zebra Sudhin, Nafin, Benjamin & Sudhikumar, 2019
- Marengo zhengi Wang & Li, 2022

蠅獅屬｜Marpissa｜Koch, 1846

杯蛛屬｜Meata

蒙蛛屬｜Mendoza｜Peckham & Peckham, 1894

- Mendoza canestrinii (Ninni, 1868)
- Mendoza dersuuzalai (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1992)
- Mendoza elongata (Karsch, 1879)
- Mendoza ibarakiensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987)
- Mendoza nobilis (Grube, 1861)
- Mendoza pulchra (Prószyński, 1981)
- Mendoza ryukyuensis Baba, 2007
- Mendoza suguroi Baba, 2013
- Mendoza zebra (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1992)

扁蠅虎屬｜Menemerus｜Simon, 1869

微菱頭蛛屬｜Microbianor｜Logunov, 2000

- Microbianor deltshevi Logunov, 2009
- 台灣微菱頭蛛 Microbianor formosana Chen, Lin & Ueng, 2021
- Microbianor furcatus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2013
- Microbianor globosus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011
- Microbianor golovatchi Logunov, 2000
- Microbianor madagascarensis Logunov, 2009
- Microbianor nigritarsus Logunov, 2000
- Microbianor saaristoi Logunov, 2000
- Microbianor simplex Wesołowska & Haddad, 2018

摩擋蛛屬｜Modunda

莫魯蛛屬｜Mogrus

蟻蛛屬｜Myrmarachne｜Macleay, 1839

楠伊蛛屬｜Nandicius｜Prószynski, 2016

- Nandicius cambridgei (Prószyński & Zochowska, 1981)
- Nandicius deletus (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1885)
- Nandicius frigidus (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1885)
- Nandicius kimjoopili (Kim, 1995)
- Nandicius kuankuoshuiensis Wang, Mi, Irfan & Peng, 2019
- Nandicius mussooriensis (Prószyński, 1992)
- 普氏楠伊蛛 Nandicius proszynskii Wang & Li, 2021
- Nandicius pseudoicioides (Caporiacco, 1935)
- Nandicius shihaitaoi Wang & Li, 2023
- Nandicius szechuanensis (Logunov, 1995)
- Nandicius vallisflorum Caleb, Sajan & Kumar, 2018
- Nandicius woongilensis Kim & Lee, 2016

衛跳蛛屬｜Necatia｜Özdikmen, 2007

- Necatia magnidens (Schenkel, 1963)

新貝塔蛛屬｜Neobrettus｜Wanless, 1984

新跳蛛屬｜Neon｜Simon, 1876，2種

蝶蛛屬｜Nungia

脊跳蛛屬｜Ocrisiona

奧諾瑪蛛屬｜Onomastus｜Simon, 1900

- Onomastus chenae Lin & Li, 2020
- Onomastus complexipalpis Wanless, 1980
- Onomastus corbetensis Benjamin & Kanesharatnam, 2016
- Onomastus danum Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2013
- Onomastus indra Benjamin, 2010
- Onomastus jamestaylori Benjamin & Kanesharatnam, 2016
- Onomastus kaharian Benjamin, 2010
- Onomastus kanoi Ono, 1995
- Onomastus maskeliya Benjamin & Kanesharatnam, 2016
- Onomastus nigricaudus Simon, 1900
- Onomastus nigrimaculatus Zhang & Li, 2005
- Onomastus patellaris Simon, 1900
- Onomastus pethiyagodai Benjamin, 2010
- Onomastus quinquenotatus Simon, 1900
- Onomastus rattotensis Benjamin, 2010
- Onomastus simoni Żabka, 1985
- 近晨奧諾瑪蛛 Onomastus subchenae C.Wang, W.H.Wang & Peng, 2021

奧爾蛛屬｜Orcevia

盤蛛屬｜Pancorius｜，3 種

小蠅狼屬｜Parvattus

蠅犬蛛屬｜Pellenes｜Simon, 1876

昏蛛屬｜Phaeacius｜Simon, 1900

Phenasurya｜Marathe & Maddison, 2025

- Phenasurya daeng Marathe, Maddison & Trębicki, 2025

蠅狼屬｜Philaeus

黑條蠅虎屬｜Phintella｜Strand in Bosenberg et Strand, 1906，金蟬蛛屬

類金蟬蛛屬｜Phintelloides｜Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2019

- Phintelloides alborea Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2019
- Phintelloides brunne Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2019
- Phintelloides flavoviri Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2019
- Phintelloides flavumi Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2019
- Phintelloides jesudasi (Caleb & Mathai, 2014)
- Phintelloides manipur Caleb, 2020
- Phintelloides orbisa Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2019
- 彭氏類金蟬蛛 Phintelloides pengi Wang & Li, 2021
- Phintelloides singhi (Monga, Singh & Sadana, 1989)
- Phintelloides undulatus (Caleb & Karthikeyani, 2015)
- Phintelloides versicolor (C.L.Koch, 1846)

俳蛛屬｜Phlegra｜Simon, 1876，緋蛛屬

擬蠅虎蛛｜Plexippoides｜Proszyniski, 1976

條斑蠅虎屬｜Plexippus｜C.L.Koch, 1846，蠅虎屬，2種

頗克蛛屬｜Poecilorchestes｜Simon, 1901

- Poecilorchestes decoratus Simon, 1901
- Poecilorchestes logunovi Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2013
- 鄭氏頗克蛛 Poecilorchestes zhengi Wang & Li, 2021

孔蛛屬｜Portia｜Karsch

偽斑蛛屬｜Pseudeuophrys｜Dahl, 1912

擬伊蛛屬｜Pseudicius｜Simon, 1885

兜蠅虎屬｜Ptocasius｜Simon, 1885，兜跳蛛屬，1種

寬胸蠅虎屬｜Rhene｜Thorell, 1869，1種

跳蛛屬｜Salticus

西菱頭蛛｜Sibianor

翠蛛屬｜Siler｜Simon, 1889

西瑪蛛屬｜Simaetha｜Thorell, 1881

- Simaetha almadenensis Żabka, 1994
- Simaetha atypica Żabka, 1994
- Simaetha broomei Żabka, 1994
- 陳氏西瑪蛛 Simaetha cheni Wang & Li, 2021
- Simaetha cingulata (Karsch, 1892)
- Simaetha colemani Żabka, 1994
- Simaetha damongpalaya Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
- Simaetha deelemanae Zhang, Song & Li, 2003
- Simaetha furiosa (Hogg, 1919)
- Simaetha gongi Peng, Gong & Kim, 2000
- Simaetha huigang Wang & Li, 2022
- Simaetha knowlesi Żabka, 1994
- Simaetha laminata (Karsch, 1892)
- Simaetha makinanga Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
- Simaetha menglun Wang & Li, 2020
- Simaetha paetula (Keyserling, 1882)
- Simaetha papuana Żabka, 1994
- Simaetha pengi Wang & Li, 2020
- Simaetha reducta (Karsch, 1892)
- Simaetha robustior (Keyserling, 1882)
- Simaetha tenuidens (Keyserling, 1882)
- Simaetha tenuior (Keyserling, 1882)
- Simaetha thoracica Thorell, 1881

華島蛛屬｜Sinoinsula

褐蠅虎屬｜Sitticus｜Simon, 1901，躍蛛屬

Sparbambus｜Zhang, Woon & Li, 2006

- Sparbambus gombakensis Zhang, Woon & Li, 2006
- Sparbambus sindhudurg Kadam & Tripathi

雀躍蛛屬｜Spartaeus｜Thorell：又名散蛛屬

斯坦蛛屬｜Stenaelurillus｜Simon, 1886

似蟻蛛屬｜Synageles｜Simon, 1876

合跳蛛屬｜Synagelides｜Strand in Bosenberg etStran，合蠅虎屬，2種

憐蛛屬｜Talavera｜Peckham & Peckham, 1909

塔沙蛛屬｜Tasa｜Wesolowska, 1981

牛蛛屬｜Tauala｜Wanless, 1988，1種

紐蛛屬｜Telamonia｜Thorell, 1887，1種

方胸蛛屬｜Thiania｜，1種

莎茵蛛屬｜Thyene｜Simon, 1885

莎紐納蛛屬｜Thyenula｜Simon, 1902

維利蛛屬｜Vailimia

沃蛛屬｜Wanlessia｜，1種

雅蛛屬｜Yaginumaella｜Proszynski, 1976

後雅蛛屬｜Yaginumanis｜，1種

樹跳蛛屬｜Yllenus

斑馬蛛屬｜Zebraplatys｜，1種

長腹蠅虎屬｜Zeuxippus

## 特徵

在全球廣泛分佈，中國廣東粵東地區常見為灰色，背面有黑色斑紋，全身絨毛。腳上的毛可以讓他在光滑表面上移動。

跳蛛體型較小，最小的只有約一毫米，類似螞蟻，頭部較大，有8隻單眼，環視能力絕佳，又因中間的兩主眼視力發達，並善於跳躍，亦稱跳蛛。

蠅虎蜘蛛頭胸部比起其他科是方形的。（見圖一。）頭胸部上的八個眼睛，其中兩個平常比別的都大，可以對焦觀察週遭事物。（見圖二。）

<image>

- 圖一

<image>

- 圖二

<image>

- Phidippus whitmani

<image>

- 正在捕食蒼蠅的Salticus scenicus

<image>

- Phidippus audax

<image>

- Phidippus workmani

<image>

- Paraphidippus aurantius

<image>

- ant mimic spider

## 習性

看到獵物時，先逐步靠近，潛近再跳到獵物身上。因其捕獵物的方式，及主要以蒼蠅蚊子等小蟲為食，俗稱蒼蠅虎。跳蛛的習性一般是不織網，但能吐絲，因從樹上、牆壁等高處摔下危險，預備跳下時先黏上一根絲，就像爬山者用岩釘及繩子防止墜落，是其特色。

## 基本資料

- 說明：Platycryptus undatus
- 學名：Salticidae
- 命名者：Blackwall, 1841
- subdivision_ranks：屬
- 栽培群成員：570屬，詳見內文