長腳蛛科

長腳蛛科（學名：Tetragnathidae），又名肖蛸科或肖峭科，是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一個蜘蛛的科，由安東·門格於1866年描述。

## 形態描述

本科物種有一具拉長了的身體、腿及螯肢，所結的蜘蛛網都是空心圓網，其網經長呈水平或稍微傾斜。部分物種通常可在近水的長長植被裡發現。蜘蛛體長雌性約9~13毫米，雄性約7~8毫米。與多半蜘蛛相同，屬於本科物種皆有八單眼，其位置如下：

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## 系統學

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根據《中國動物志》，本科包括六個亞科、20個屬，但有部分分類現時已獨立出去，但仍歸到金蛛總科之下。

World Spider Catalog接納以下有現生種的屬：

- Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
- Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
- Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
- Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
- Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
- Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
- Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
- Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
- O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
- Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
- 鋸螯蛛屬 鋸螯蛛屬 Simon, 1893：見於印尼、巴西及薩摩亞。
- Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
- Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
- Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
- Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- 銀腹蛛屬 Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
- Leucauge White, 1841：又名銀鱗蛛屬，見於非洲、北美洲、亞洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
- Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
- Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
- 後蛛屬 C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
- O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
- Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
- Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
- Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
- Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
- Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
- Simon, 1908 — Australia
- Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
- Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
- Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
- Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
- O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
- Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
- Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
- Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
- Lessert, 1938 — Congo
- Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
- Archer, 1951 — Mexico
- Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
- Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
- Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
- 長腳蜘蛛屬 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804：又名肖蛸屬— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
- Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
- 隆背蛛屬 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
- Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
- Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
- Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel

### 化石種

下列各屬只有化石種，沒有現生種：

- †Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近紀, Bitterfield and )
- †Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白堊紀, )
- †Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
- †Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, )
- †Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)

### 過往屬於本科的屬

- Simon, 1894 – now in 圓蛛科
- Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of
- Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see

## 參考文獻

- Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). 70:180–183. PDF

## 外部連結

- Tetragnathidae
- Tree of Life Tetragnathidae
- Tatragnatha sp. Large format diagnostic photographs and information
- Reference Photos: Tetragnatha laboriosa
- Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae
- Pictures of Tetragnatha sp. (free for noncommercial use)

## 基本資料

- 域：1.15
- 說明：長腳突腹蛛
- 說明：一隻雌性的山地肖峭
- 學名：Tetragnathidae
- 命名者：安東·門格, 1866
- range_map_upright：1.15
- diversity：48個屬、1162個個物種
- subdivision_ranks：屬
- 栽培群成員：見內文