收穫蟻屬（學名：Messor）又稱收割家蟻屬，是蟻科、切葉蟻亞科的一個屬，該屬有著 100 多個成員，命名方式源自羅馬神話中的農作物和收穫之神梅索爾（Messor）。地下群落通常分佈在空曠的田野和路邊附近，開口直接通向地面。 該屬物種的群落可達到很大的規模，並以其設計精巧的糧倉而聞名。在糧倉中，種子被儲存在乾燥的環境中，以防止發芽。收穫蟻的結構巢穴非常複雜，總體而言，該屬物種有著很強大的建築能力。 收穫蟻有很多種分化，並且具有獨特的大頭特化，它們的作用是搬運種子以及開種子。雖然它們主要以種子為食，但偶爾也會吃蟲肉。一些蝸牛殼可能因為其形狀像穀物而被帶入巢穴。 收穫蟻具有堅韌、光滑的幾丁質外骨骼。行動緩慢，形成長長的攜帶種子的通道。收穫蟻往往是單後製的，一個群落僅由一位蟻后建立，但在人為的環境下，收穫蟻可以變成多後群落，但這往往會有擇後（指蟻群選舉蟻后，弱的蟻后將被處死）的風險。 以沙地收穫蟻（Messor arenarius）為例，與其他型別的收割蟻一樣，它們在尋找食物來源時會釋放追蹤資訊素，並在個體層面上進行操作。 下屬物種屬物種 該屬包括一下物種： 阿氏收穫蟻 Messor abdelazizi Santschi 1921 針毛收穫蟻 Messor aciculatus Smith 1874 上海收穫蟻 Messor aciculatus subsp risianus 埃及收穫蟻 Messor aegyptiacus Emery 1878 Messor alexandri Tohme 1981 Messor mediorubra Messor andrei Mayr 1886 角收穫蟻 Messor angularis Santschi 1928 小肯亞收穫蟻 Messor antennatus Emery 1908 Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski 1967 Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky 1902 沙地收穫蟻 Messor arenarius Fabricius 1787 沙地收穫蟻阿氏亞種 Messor arenarius alfierii Santschi1938 沙地收穫蟻惡魔亞種 Messor arenarius subsp diabolus Santschi1938 沙地收穫蟻底比斯亞種 Messor arenarius subsp thebaicus Santschi1912 Messor atanassovii Atanassov 1982 野蠻收穫蟻 Linnaeus 1767 原生收穫蟻、芭芭拉收穫蟻 野蠻收穫蟻五倍子亞種 Messor barbarus gallaoides Santschi 1929 野蠻收穫蟻光滑亞種 Messor barbarus politus Karavaiev 1912 野蠻收穫蟻血胸亞種 Messor barbarusmediosanguineus Donisthorpe 1946 Messor beduinus Emery 1922 Messor berbericus Bernard 1955 Messor bernardi Cagniant 1967 Messor bouvieri Bondroit 1918 Messor buettikeri Collingwood 1985 Messor caducus Victor 1839 開普敦收穫蟻 Messor capensis Mayr 1862 Messor plinii 大頭收穫蟻 Latreille 1798 Messor carthaginensis Bernard 1980 Messor caviceps Forel 1902 Messor celiae Reyes 1985 巨首收穫蟻 Emery 1895 肯亞收穫蟻 Messor ceresis Santschi 1934 Messor chamberlini Wheeler 1915 Messor clypeatus KuznetsovUgamsky 1927 Messor muticus Nylander 1849 Messor collingwoodi Bolton 1982 Messor concolor Santschi 1927 Messor decipiens Santschi 1917 Messor dentatus Santschi 1927 Messor denticornis Forel 1910 Messor denticulatus Santschi 1927 Messor arcistriatus Messor diabarensis Arnoldi 1969 Messor ebeninus Santschi 1927 Messor hesperius Santschi 1927 移動收穫蟻 Messor excursionis Ruzsky 1905 Messor ferreri Collingwood 1993 Messor foreli Santschi 1923 Messor fraternus Ruzsky 1905 沒食子收穫蟻 Messor galla Mayr 1904 Messor ebininus Santschi 希伯來收穫蟻 Messor hebraeus Santschi 1927 Messor hellenius Agosti Collingwood 1987 Messor himalayanus Forel 1902 Messor hispanicus Santschi 1919 Messor ibericus Santschi 1931 Messor incisus Stitz 1923 Messor incorruptus KuznetsovUgamsky 1929 無刺收穫蟻 Messor inermis KuznetsovUgamsky 1929 Messor instabilis Smith 1858 Messor intermedius Santschi 1927 Messor julianus Pergande 1894 Messor kasakorum Arnoldi 1969 克孜勒庫姆收穫蟻 Messor kisilkumensis Arnoldi 1969 Messor lamellicornis Arnoldi 1968 Messor lariversi Smith 1951 Messor kazakorum Arnoldi 1969 Messor lobicornis Forel 1894 Messor lobognathus Andrews 1916 Messor luebberti Forel 1910 Messor luridus Santschi 1927 Messor eglalae Sharaf 葡萄牙收穫蟻 Messor lusitanicus Tinaut 1985 Messor maculifrons Santschi 1927 Messor mcarthuri Messor marikovskii Arnoldi 1969 Messor marocanus Santschi 1927 Messor medioruber Santschi 1910 Messor melancholicus Arnoldi 1977 小收穫蟻 minor Andre 1883 小收穫蟻卡普里亞種 Messor minor capreensis Santschi 1927 小收穫蟻卡拉布里亞亞種 Messor minor calabricus Santschi 1927 小收穫蟻西方亞種 Messor minor hesperius Santschi 1927 小收穫蟻摩爾亞種 Messor minor maurus Barquin 1981 Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnoldi 1977 Messor nahali Tohme 1981 Messor niloticus Santschi 1938 Messor oertzeni Forel 1910 Messor olegianus Arnoldi 1969 Messor orientalis Emery 1898 Messor perantennatus Arnoldi 1969 Mayr 1886 Messor piceus Stitz 1923 著色收穫蟻 Messor picturatus Santschi 1927 Messor planiceps Stitz 1917 Messor postpetiolatus Santschi 1917 王者收穫蟻 Messor regalis Emery 1892 Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev 1910 Messor rufotestaceus Foerster 1850 Messor rufus Santschi 1923 紅結收穫蟻 Messor ruginodis Stitz 1916 Messor rugosus Andre 1881 Messor sanctus Emery 1921 Messor aciculatus Smith 1874 Messor sculpturatus Carpenter 1930 Messor semirufus Andre 1883 Messor semoni Forel 1906 Messor smithi Cole 1963 Messor sordidus Forel 1892 Messor stoddardi Emery 1895 條紋收穫蟻 Messor striatellus Arnoldi 1969 Messor creticus Salata Borowiec 2019 Messor striaticeps Andre 1883 Messor striatifrons Stitz 1923 Messor striativentris Emery 1908 工匠收穫蟻 Messor structor Latreille 1798 亞細節收穫蟻 Messor subgracilinodis Arnoldi 1969 Messor sultanus Santschi 1917 Messor syriacus Tohme 1969 Messor testaceus Donisthorpe 1950 Messor timidus Espadaler 1997 熱帶收穫蟻 Messor tropicorum Wheeler 1922 Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnoldi 1977 強壯收穫蟻 Messor valentinae Arnoldi 1969 Messor variabilis KuznetsovUgamsky 1927 Messor vaucheri Emery 1908 Messor vicinus KuznetsovUgamsky 1927 沃斯曼收穫蟻 Messor wasmanni Krausse 1910 Messor minor x cf wasmanni Interspecific hybrid Messor hismai Collingwood Agosti 1996 Messor hodnii Barech Khaldi Espadaler Cagniant 2020 Messor spec Santschi 1927 Messor erectus 參考文獻 Category 家蟻亞科 Category 使用生物多樣性欄目的條目