本文概述了 2004 年航天領域發生的重大事件，包括主要發射和艙外活動。 2004 年創下了全球航天軌道發射次數的極小值，僅有 54 次。上一個比 2004 年發射次數更低的年份則要追溯至 1961 年（50 次），當時人類首次進入太空。2004 年後截至目前的年份，發射次數也均高於當年。 首次私人資助的載人航天飛行 太空船一號（X0）的 15P 號飛行是首次私人資助的載人航天飛行。它於 2004 年 6 月 21 日進行。這是 Tier One 計劃的第四次動力試飛，前三次試飛的高度都低得多。這次飛行只搭載了飛行員邁克梅爾維爾，他因此成為第一位非政府宇航員。 德爾塔 4 重型運載火箭首飛 2004 年 12 月 21 日，德爾塔 4 重型運載火箭首次發射，攜帶了模擬載荷，發射任務以部分失敗告終。液氧推進劑管線中的空化導致兩個助推器提前八秒關閉，核心發動機提前九秒關閉；這導致一二級分離時速度過低，第二級無法補償。最終載荷被留在比預期更低的軌道上。 軌道發射 colspan8 January colspan8 February colspan8 March colspan8 April colspan8 May colspan8 June colspan8 July colspan8 August colspan8 September colspan8 October colspan8 November colspan8 December 深空機動 日期 UTC 航天器 事件 備註 2 January Stardust Flyby of 81PWild Wild 2 Dust collection samples returned to Earth in 2006 3 January Spirit Landing on Mars Gusev Crater 24 January Opportunity Landing on Mars Meridiani Planum 4 February Ulysses 2nd flyby of Jupiter 19 May Hayabusa Flyby of the Earth 11 June Cassini Flyby of Phoebe Closest approach 1 July Cassini First orbiter of Saturn Saturnian orbit injection 8 September Genesis Capsule crashlanding on Earth of solar sample aboard 26 October Cassini Flyby of Titan Closest approach 15 November SMART1 Selenocentric orbit injection First European Lunar mission 13 December Cassini Flyby of Titan Closest approach 艙外活動 開始時間 持續時間 結束時間 航天器 乘組 工作內容 備註 26 February2117 3 hours 0112 ISS Pirs Alexander Kaleri Replaced microgravity experiment cassette containers attached the Russian experiment Matryoshka to Zvezda and removed a JAXA micrometeor impact experiment Reduced duration due a cooling system malfunction in Kaleris spacesuit 24 June2156 14 minutes 2210 Expedition 9ISS Pirs Gennady PadalkaMichael Fincke Spacewalk cut short due to a pressure problem in Finckes prime oxygen tank in his spacesuit Rescheduled for 30 June 30 June2119 5 hours40 minutes 1 July0259 Expedition 9ISS Pirs Gennady PadalkaMichael Fincke Replaced a Remote Power Controller RPC that failed in late April causing a loss of power in Control Moment Gyroscope No 2 CMG 2 3 August0658 4 hours30 minutes 1128 Expedition 9ISS Pirs Gennady PadalkaMichael Fincke Removed laser retro reflectors from the Zvezda assembly compartment and installed three updated laser retro reflectors and one internal videometer target in preparation for the Automated Transfer Vehicle ATV Installed two antennas and removed and replaced Kromka experiment packages 3 September1643 5 hours20 minutes 2204 Expedition 9ISS Pirs Gennady PadalkaMichael Fincke Replaced the Zarya Control Module flow control panel installed four safety tether fairleads on Zaryas handrails installed three communications antennas and removed covers from the antennas 軌道發射統計 按國家（區域） 國家（區域） 國家（區域） 發射數 成功數 失敗數 部分失敗數 備註 8 8 0 0 3 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 18 18 0 0 7 5 0 2 16 15 0 1 總計 總計 54 50 1 3 按火箭 By family Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks Ariane 3 3 0 0 Atlas 6 6 0 0 Delta 8 7 0 1 GSLV 1 1 0 0 Long March 8 8 0 0 Minotaur 1 1 0 0 R7 8 8 0 0 R14 2 2 0 0 R36 3 2 0 1 Shavit 1 0 1 0 Titan 1 1 0 0 Universal Rocket 8 8 0 0 Zenit 4 3 0 1 By type Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks Ariane 5 Ariane 3 3 0 0 Atlas II Atlas 4 4 0 0 Final flight Atlas III Atlas 1 1 0 0 Atlas V Atlas 1 1 0 0 Delta II Delta 7 7 0 0 Delta IV Delta 1 0 0 1 Dnepr R36 1 1 0 0 GSLV GSLV 1 1 0 0 Kosmos R14 2 2 0 0 Long March 2 Long March 5 5 0 0 Long March 3 Long March 1 1 0 0 Long March 4 Long March 2 2 0 0 MolniyaM R7 1 1 0 0 ProtonK Universal Rocket 4 4 0 0 ProtonM Universal Rocket 4 4 0 0 Shavit Shavit 1 0 1 0 SoyuzU R7 5 5 0 0 SoyuzFG R7 2 2 0 0 Taurus Minotaur 1 1 0 0 Titan IV Titan 1 1 0 0 Tsyklon R36 2 1 0 1 Zenit Zenit 4 3 0 1 By configuration Rocket Country Type Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks Ariane 5G Ariane 5 3 3 0 0 Maiden and final flights Atlas IIAS Atlas II 4 4 0 0 Final flight Atlas IIIA Atlas III 1 1 0 0 Final flight Atlas V 521 Atlas V 1 1 0 0 Final flight Delta II 7320 Delta II 1 1 0 0 Delta II 7920 Delta II 1 1 0 0 Delta II 792010L Delta II 1 1 0 0 Delta II 7925 Delta II 3 3 0 0 Delta II 7925H Delta II 1 1 0 0 Delta IV Heavy Delta IV 1 0 0 1 Maiden flight Dnepr Dnepr 1 1 0 0 GSLV Mk I GSLV 1 1 0 0 Kosmos3M Kosmos 2 2 0 0 Long March 2C Long March 2 4 4 0 0 Long March 2D Long March 2 1 1 0 0 Long March 3A Long March 3 1 1 0 0 Long March 4B Long March 4 2 2 0 0 MolniyaM MolniyaM 1 1 0 0 ProtonK DM2 ProtonK 4 4 0 0 ProtonM BrizM ProtonM 4 4 0 0 Shavit1 Shavit 1 0 1 0 SoyuzU SoyuzU 5 5 0 0 SoyuzFG SoyuzFG 2 2 0 0 Taurus 3120 Taurus 1 1 0 0 Titan IVB 402B IUS Titan IV 1 1 0 0 Tsyklon2 Tsyklon 1 1 0 0 Tsyklon3 Tsyklon 1 0 0 1 Zenit2 Zenit 1 1 0 0 Zenit3SL Zenit 3 2 0 1 按發射場 Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks Baikonur 17 17 0 0 Cape Canaveral 13 12 0 1 Jiuquan 3 3 0 0 Kourou 3 3 0 0 Ocean Odyssey International 3 2 0 1 Palmachim 1 0 1 0 Plesetsk 5 4 0 1 Satish Dhawan 1 1 0 0 Taiyuan 3 3 0 0 Vandenberg 3 3 0 0 Xichang 2 2 0 0 Total Total 54 50 1 3 按軌道 Orbital regime Launches Failures Accidentallyachieved Remarks Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0 Low Earth 23 22 1 0 6 to ISS Medium Earth Molniya 5 5 0 2 Geosynchronous GTO 23 21 2 0 High Earth Lunar transfer 1 1 0 0 Heliocentric Planetary transfer 2 2 0 0 Total 54 51 3 2 參考 腳註 Category 航天年表