須蟻屬（學名：Pogonomyrmex）臺譯毛收割家蟻屬，主要分佈在北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的沙漠中，其中蟻種為海地的特有種。 描述 Pogonomyrmex 是由 pogono 和 myrmex 兩個片語成的，前者譯為 有鬍鬚的，後者則為 螞蟻 的意思，即譯為 長了鬍子的螞蟻。鬍鬚是為了在搬運種子時能更好地固定住種子，避免球形的種子滑動而進化出來的。 毒液 Pogonomyrmex 工蟻的毒液是所有昆蟲中毒性最強的，而其中的馬里科帕須蟻又是迄今為止檢測出毒性最強的。 僅為 012 毫克 千克，而西方蜜蜂的毒液為 28mgkg，與眼鏡蛇毒液相當。這種毒液被認為是一種反脊椎動物的防禦手段，特別是針對那些進化出選擇性以它們為食的捕食者，比如角蜥屬的物種。很少有昆蟲的毒液毒性經過正式測試，而其他昆蟲的毒液可能更強效。 巢穴 該屬螞蟻的巢穴位於很深的地方，其中有許多巢室，它們在裡面儲存種子，從中為幼蟲獲取食物。大多數須蟻巢穴周圍區域往往完全沒有植被，從遠處就很容易看到。 狩獵 除了角蜥之外，屬的蜂類會捕食須蟻，但它們只以 Pogonomyrmex 的工蟻為食，它們用毒液使工蜂麻痺，然後將它們帶回洞穴，作為黃蜂幼蟲的食物。 物種 截至 2014 年，該屬現存物種有 69 種，1 種化石物種。 Pogonomyrmex abdominalis Santschi 1929 Pogonomyrmex andinus Kusnezov 1951 Pogonomyrmex anergismus Cole 1954 Pogonomyrmex angustus Mayr 1870 Pogonomyrmex anzensis Cole 1968 Pogonomyrmex apache Wheeler 1902 Pogonomyrmex atratus Santschi 1922 Pogonomyrmex badius Latreille 1802 Pogonomyrmex barbatus Smith 1858 Pogonomyrmex bicolor Cole 1968 Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis Francke Merickel 1982 Pogonomyrmex bispinosus Spinola 1851 Pogonomyrmex brevibarbis Emery 1906 Pogonomyrmex brevispinosus Cole 1968 Pogonomyrmex bruchi Forel 1913 Pogonomyrmex californicus Buckley 1866 Pogonomyrmex carbonarius Mayr 1868 Pogonomyrmex catanlilensis Gallardo 1931 Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr 1868 Pogonomyrmex colei Snelling 1982 Pogonomyrmex comanche Wheeler 1902 Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr 1887 Pogonomyrmex desertorum Wheeler 1902 Pogonomyrmex fossilis Carpenter 1930 Pogonomyrmex guatemaltecus Wheeler 1914 Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri Johnson Overson Moreau 2013Johnson R A et al 2013 A new species of seedharvester ant Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri Hymenoptera Formicidae from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America Zootaxa 3646 3 20127 Pogonomyrmex huachucanus Wheeler 1914 Pogonomyrmex humerotumidus VásquezBolaños Mackay 2004 Pogonomyrmex imberbiculus Wheeler 1902 Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel 1914 Pogonomyrmex kusnezovi Cuezzo Claver 2009Cuezzo F and S Claver 2009 Two new species of the ant genus Pogonomyrmex Hymenoptera Formicidae from Argentina Rev Soc Entomol Argent 68 12 97106 Pogonomyrmex laevigatus Santschi 1921 Pogonomyrmex laevinodis Snelling 1982 Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi 1922 Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi 1921 Pogonomyrmex longibarbis Gallardo 1931 Pogonomyrmex magnacanthus Cole 1968 Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov 1951 Pogonomyrmex maricopa Wheeler 1914 Pogonomyrmex mayri Forel 1899 Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo Claver 2009 Pogonomyrmex meridionalis Kusnezov 1951 Pogonomyrmex micans Forel 1914 Pogonomyrmex mohavensis Johnson Overson 2009Johnson R A and R P Overson 2009 A new North american species of Pogonomyrmex Hymenoptera Formicidae from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada Journal of Hymenptera Research 18 2 30514 Pogonomyrmex montanus MacKay 1980 Pogonomyrmex naegelii Emery 1878 Pogonomyrmex occidentalis Cresson 1865 Pogonomyrmex odoratus Kusnezov 1949 Pogonomyrmex pima Wheeler 1909 Pogonomyrmex pronotalis Santschi 1922 Pogonomyrmex rastratus Mayr 1868 Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery 1895 Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen 1934 Pogonomyrmex saucius Wheeler Mann 1914 Pogonomyrmex schmitti Forel 1901 Pogonomyrmex snellingi Taber 1998 Pogonomyrmex stefani Lattke 2006Lattke J E 2006 A new species of Pogonomyrmex Hymenoptera Formicidae from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed Venezuela Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8 5357 Pogonomyrmex striatinodus Fernández Palacio 1998 Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr 1870 Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery 1895 Pogonomyrmex sylvestris Lattke 1991 Pogonomyrmex tenuipubens Santschi 1936 Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus Forel 1914 德州須蟻 Pogonomyrmex texanus Francke Merickel 1982 Pogonomyrmex theresiae Forel 1899 Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr 1887 Pogonomyrmex variabilis Santschi 1916 Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus Emery 1906 Pogonomyrmex wheeleri Olsen 1934 FilePogonomyrmex_californicus_20030519jpgaltP californicus 加州須蟻 P californicus FileBARB2jpgaltP barbatus with psammophore visible 紅鬍鬚蟻 P barbatus FileAnts_Eating_A_CaterpillarjpgaltPogonomyrmex collecting food item 正在收集食物 FilePogonomyrmexbarbatuslarvaewheelersvgaltLarvae of P barbatus 紅鬍鬚蟻 P barbatus 的幼蟲 參考 外部連結 Category 南美膜翅目 Category 使用生物多樣性欄目的條目