南土狼丘是位於美國亞利桑那州的一個旅遊勝地，靠近猶他州北部邊界。與波浪谷及白袋地區兩旅遊勝地均位於科羅拉多高原內的的狼丘上。屬猶他州卡納布的土地管理局管理 Bureau of Land Management October 24 2014 Paria CanyonVermilion Cliffs Wilderness Management Plan BLM Website Archived from the original on January 20 2016 Retrieved January 18 2016。 該地區因早期河流切割形成許多孤立的小丘，並出露其色彩鮮明的砂岩地層 VERLANDER JE 1995 The Navajo Sandstone Geology Today 11 143146 httpsdoiorg101111j136524511995tb00943x，而廣為人知。出露的風成砂岩呈現大規模的交錯層理，加上由差異風化所造成的凹凸層面，更引人入勝。由於地層脆弱而限制入境人數，發放許可證採用每日現場抽籤系統（最多 16 人）及每月線上抽籤系統（最多 48 人）Bureau of Land Management Coyote Buttes Permit Area BLM Website Archived from the original on April 12 2012 Retrieved April 6 2012Bureau of Land Management BLMAZ How to Obtain a Permit Coyote Buttes Permit Area BLM Website Archived from the original on April 13 2012 Retrieved April 6 2012。 在南土狼丘也可以看到如同白袋地區的花椰菜巖，但是棕色的，分佈在小丘頂上。大部分出露在南土狼丘的砂岩都呈現厚層交錯層理的曡加。在區域地質剖面其沉積層面趨近水平，代表無區域性構造運動。也證實了科羅拉多高原的穩定性構造。同理恐龍腳印在水平地面上，而不在斜坡上，也證實該地區的構造穩定性。在此地不同程度的風蝕地貌顯出不同程度的差異侵蝕。從初始的凹凸層理，深切層理到只剩下的骨架。 有的呈現出洋蔥狀剝離。也有形同波浪谷的地貌，但規模較小。 地質 南狼丘如同波浪谷及白袋地區一樣，均由侏羅紀納瓦荷砂岩（Navojo Sandstone）組成並暴露了大面積風成砂岩內的疊加交錯層理 William E Freeman G S Visher Stratigraphic analysis of the Navajo Sandstone Journal of Sedimentary Research 1975 45 3 651668 doi httpsdoiorg101306212F6E062B2411D78648000102C1865DWilliam E Freeman G S Visher Stratigraphic analysis of the Navajo Sandstone Journal of Sedimentary Research 1975 45 3 651668 doi httpsdoiorg101306212F6E062B2411D78648000102C1865D。每一套交錯層理由有規律的交替顆粒流和風紋層組成 Ralph E Hunter David M Rubin（1983）Interpreting Cyclic Crossbedding with An Example from the Navajo Sandstone Editor s ME Brookfield TS Ahlbrandt Developments in Sedimentology ElsevierVolume 381983Pages 429454ISSN 00704571ISBN 9780444422330 httpsdoiorg101016S00704571 08 708082 httpswwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0070457108708082，並和上下套由沉積層面隔開。每一套交錯層理方向和傾斜角與上下套不同，代表了侏羅紀時期沙丘在沙漠中，被盛行風吹移的變化 John E Marzolf 1983 Changing Wind and Hydrologic Regimes During Deposition of the Navajo and Aztec Sandstones Jurassic Southwestern United StatesEditor s ME Brookfield TS Ahlbrandt Developments in SedimentologyElsevierVolume 381983 Pages 635660ISSN 00704571ISBN 9780444422330 httpsdoiorg101016S00704571 08 708161httpswwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0070457108708161 。由於顆粒流和風紋層具不同的抗侵蝕能力而造成差異侵蝕。這些差異在南狼丘壁上造成凹凸不平的層面， 有的凸出層面可以形成長板凳，讓遊客坐著休息。由於這些砂岩的組成顆粒尺寸不同，它們的膠結程度亦不一樣 Schultz R A C H Okubo and H Fossen 2010 Porosity and grain size controls on compaction band formation in Jurassic Navajo Sandstone Geophys Res Lett 37 L22306 doi1010292010GL044909 。有的砂岩很軟及脆弱 Seiler WM August 1 2008 Jurassic Navajo sandstone of Coyote Buttes UtahArizona coloration and diagenetic history preservation of a dinosaur trample surface and terrestrial analogs to Mars unpublished MS thesis Dept of Geology and Geophysics University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah none Archived from the original on March 5 2012 Chan MA and AW Archer 2000 Cyclic eolian stratification on the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone Zion National Park Periodicities and implications for paleoclimate Archived April 21 2016 at the Wayback Machine in DA Sprinkel TC Chidsey Jr and PB Anderson eds pp 60718 Geology of Utahs Parks and Monumentsdead link Archived January 11 2012 at the Wayback Machine Utah Geological Association Salt Lake City Utah Caputo MV 2003 Geology of the Paria CanyonVermilion Cliffs Wilderness Utah and Arizona in DA Sprinkel TC Chidsey Jr and PB Anderson eds Geology of Utahs Parks and Monuments Archived January 11 2012 at the Wayback Machine Utah Geological Association Salt Lake City Utah 。 圖集 Coyote Buttes Southregional view of undisturbed stratificationjpg 棕色花椰菜巖 Coyote Buttes Southaerial view showing thick undisturbed stratification under brown Cauliflower Rockjpg 厚層交錯層理疊加 Coyote Buttes Souththick undisturbed stratification under brown Cauliflower Rockjpg 區域剖破面顯示水平層理 Coyote Buttes Southdinosaur trackjpg 恐龍腳印 Coyote Buttes Southdifferential weatheringjpg 差異風化 Coyote Buttes Southsevere wind erosionjpg 風蝕深切 Coyote Buttes Southremnant of wind erosionjpg 風蝕骨架 Coyote Buttes SouthOnionlike peeling under brown Cauliflower Rockjpg 洋蔥狀剝離 Coyote Buttes Southlook like the Wavejpg 小波浪谷 參考文獻 Category 地球科學 Category 沉積學 Category 美國巖層