美利堅聯 盟國憲法簡稱聯 盟國憲法、邦 聯憲法，是美利堅聯盟國最高法律。該法案於 1861 年 3 月 11 日透過，自 1862 年 2 月 22 日起生效，直至美國內戰結束（1865 年 5 月）。從 1861 年 2 月 8 日到 1862 年 2 月 22 日，邦聯也根據臨時憲法運作。 Constitution of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013 最初的臨時憲法位於弗吉尼亞州里士滿美國內戰博物館，American Civil War Hargrett Rare Book Manuscript Library University of Georgia Libraries Retrieved July 10 2013 與後來的版本略有不同透過了。最終的手寫憲法位於哈格特善本和手稿圖書館佐治亞大學。其大部分條款逐字複製於合眾國憲法；然而，這兩份檔案在語氣和法律內容上存在重大差異，主要是在奴隸制方面。 與合眾國憲法比較 合眾國憲法和聯盟國憲法的序言有一些相似之處，但聯盟國憲法的作者似乎打算給新的序言賦予不同的感覺。此處提供了兩個前言。粗體文字顯示之間的差異。聯盟國憲法的序言提到了上帝、永久政府以及每個州的主權和獨立。 合眾國憲法序言 The United States Constitution The US Constitution Online USConstitutionnet Retrieved July 10 2013 譯文：我們合眾國人民，為建立更完善的聯邦，樹立正義，保障國內安寧，提供共同防務，促進公共福利，並使我們自己和後代得享自由的幸福，特為美利堅合眾國制定本憲法。 聯盟國憲法序言 Constitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013 譯文：我們聯盟國人民，每個州以其主權和獨立的特質行事，為了建立一個永久的聯邦政府、確立正義、保障國內和平以及為我們自己和我們的子孫爭取自由的祝福，恭請全能上帝的青睞和指引，立此憲法，成立美利堅聯盟國。 文章摘要 聯盟國憲法的正文大部分沿用了合眾國憲法，但也有一些變化 第一條差異 Amended Article I Section 2 1 to prohibit persons of foreign birth who were not a citizen of the Confederate States from voting for any officer civil or political State or FederalConstitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013 Article I Section 2 3 is essentially the same and the clause still counts only threefifths of all slavesConstitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013 for the population total of each state just as it did in the US with the ThreeFifths Compromise The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every fifty thousand while in the US Constitution The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty ThousandThe United States Constitution The US Constitution Online USConstitutionnet Retrieved July 10 2013 A proposed Amendment to the US Constitution which had been awaiting ratification by the states would have changed the maximum number of representatives to one for every fifty thousand Amended Article I Section 2 5 to allow the state legislatures to impeach federal officials who live and work only within their state with a twothirds vote of both houses of the state legislature Concerning the appointment of Senators Article I Section 3 1 adds at the regular session next immediately preceding the commencement of the term of serviceConstitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013 The state legislature which then was responsible for the appointment of senators had to wait until the seat was vacant Article I Section 4 1 deals with elections and adds subject to the provisions of this ConstitutionConstitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013 to the US Constitution Clause That meant that each state legislature was free to make its own decision except if the constitution laid out other rules The aforementioned Article I Section 2 1 and Article I Section 3 1 clauses would fall into that category Amended Article I Section 6 2 to allow the House of Representatives and the Senate the ability to grant seats to the heads of each executive department to discuss issues involving their departments with Congress The clause is the same as the one from the US Constitution and adds Amended Article I Section 7 2 to provide the President of the Confederate States of America with a lineitem veto but also required any bill in which the president used the veto in to be resubmitted to both houses for a possible override vote by two thirds of both houses In an attempt to prevent the Confederate Congress from protecting industry the framers added to Article I Section 8 1 The phrase general Welfare was dropped from the Confederate Clause as well Article I Section 8 3 added quite a bit to the US Constitution in an attempt to block the Confederate Congress from appropriating money to build internal improvements to facilitate commerce with some exceptions allowing for safety and improvement to waterways Article I Section 8 of the US Constitution Article I Section 8 3 of the Confederate Constitution There are changes and additions to Article 1 Section 9 Clauses 1 2 and 4 that are covered in the Slavery section below The first twelve amendments to the US Constitution including the Bill of Rights were directly incorporated into the Confederate Constitution That was done primarily in Article I Section 9 of the Confederate Constitution with the first eight amendments to the US Constitution becoming clauses 12 to 19Constitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013The United States Constitution The US Constitution Online USConstitutionnet Retrieved July 10 2013 In addition to were three altogethernew clauses in the Confederate Constitution for Article I Section 9 Article I Section 9 9 Article I Section 9 10 Amendments I through VIII are contained in the same order in Article I Section 9 12 through Article I Section 9 19 the remainder of the US Bill of Rights is in Article VI Article I Section 9 20 was added to limit new bills to only one subject presented Then in Section 10 Article I Section 10 3 That clause limited the Confederate States in their ability to keep troops or to engage in war but they would have the ability to enter compacts for the improvement of shared rivers Article II The President of the Confederate States of America is to be elected by electors chosen by the individual states for a single sixyear term rather than a thenunlimited number of fouryear terms Article 2 Section 1 1 reads as The executive power shall be vested in a President of the Confederate States of America He and the Vice President shall hold their offices for the term of six years but the President shall not be reeligible Amendment XII of the US Constitution is added here as Article II Section 1 3 4 and 5 The United States Constitution The US Constitution Online USConstitutionnet Retrieved July 10 2013 Article II Section 1 7 of the Confederate Constitution required candidates for the President of the Confederacy to have resided within the limits of the Confederate States for 14 years Changes to Article III Article III Section 2 1 of the Confederate Constitution combines the first clause of Article III Section 1 in the US Constitution with Amendment XI The phrase citizens of the same stateThe United States Constitution The US Constitution Online USConstitutionnet Retrieved July 10 2013 is left out and and foreign states citizens or subjects but no state shall be sued by a citizen or subject of any foreign stateConstitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013 is added in the Confederate Constitution Changes to Article IV There were changes and additions to Article IV Section 2 1 and Article IV Section 3 3 which are covered in the Slavery section below Article IV Section 3 1 required a twothirds of both houses of Congress vote for a new state to join the Confederacy Changes to Article V The Confederate Congress unlike in the US Constitution could not propose amendments Instead amendments had to be proposed by constitutional conventions in at least three statesConstitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013 The Confederate Constitution also clarified an ambiguity in the US Constitutions Article V by declaring that a national convention could propose only amendments that were suggested by state conventions as opposed to having the authority to amend the entire Constitution The process of amendment became easier Article V Section 1 1 by requiring only two thirds of the states to ratify rather than three fourths Changes to Article VI The Confederate Constitution added a clause to aid with the transition from the provisional government Amendments IX and X of the US Constitution were added here as Article VI Section 1 5 and 6 Constitution of the Confederate States of America Wikisource the free online library Retrieved July 10 2013The United States Constitution The US Constitution Online USConstitutionnet Retrieved July 10 2013The United States Constitution The US Constitution Online USConstitutionnet Retrieved July 10 2013 Changes to Article VII Article VII Section 1 2 with instructions for electing permanent officials after the ratification of the Confederate Constitution was added Differences by subject Slavery There were several major differences between the constitutions concerning slavery Whereas the original US Constitution did not use the word slavery or the term Negro Slaves but instead used Person s held to Service or LabourThe United States Constitution The US Constitution Online USConstitutionnet Retrieved July 10 2013 which included whites and Native Americans in indentured servitude the Confederate Constitution addresses the legality of slavery directly and by name Though Article I Section 9 1 of both constitutions are quite similar in banning the importation of slaves from foreign nations the Confederate Constitution permitted the Confederate States to import slaves from the United States and specified the African race as the subject The importation of slaves into the United States including the South had been illegal since 1808Slavery in Africa Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Retrieved July 10 2013 聯盟國憲法奴隸制 然而，憲法保留國會廢除此類進口的權力： 第一條第 9 4 款就黑人作出了澄清： 第四條第 2 1 節，針對黑人進行了修訂： 聯盟國憲法中增加了一項條款，根據該條款，奴隸制將適用於未來所有希望加入聯邦的州： 簽署 豪厄爾科布，國會主席 南卡羅來納州： 、克里斯托弗梅明格、、、、、、。 喬治亞州： 、、、亞歷山大史蒂芬斯、、、、、。 佛羅裡達州： 、、詹姆斯拜拉姆歐文斯。 阿拉巴馬州： 、、、、、、、、。 密西西比州： 、、、、、、。 路易斯安那州： 、、、、、。 德克薩斯州： 、、、、、、。 批准 國會於 1861 年 3 月 11 日開始批准《邦聯憲法》： 州份 州份 日期 1 阿拉巴馬州 2 佐治亞州 3 路易斯安那州 4 德克薩斯州 5 密西西比州 6 南卡羅來納州 7 佛羅裡達州 參見 合眾國憲法 參考 外部連結 美利堅聯盟國憲法全文閱讀英文 Category 已不存在的國家的憲法