MEDLINE、MEDLARS Online，全名線上醫學文獻分析和檢索系統，是生命科學和生物醫學資訊的書目資料庫。涵蓋醫學、護理、藥學、牙科、獸醫學、衛生保健。還涵蓋生物學和生物化學以及分子進化等領域的大部分文獻。 is a of life sciences and biomedical information It includes bibliographic information for articles from s covering pharmacy dentistry and MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in and biochemistry as well as fields such as Compiled by the United States National Library of Medicine NLM MEDLINE is freely available on the Internet and searchable via PubMed and NLMs National Center for Biotechnology Informations Entrez system 歷史 MEDLARS Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System is a computerised biomedical retrieval system It was launched by the National Library of Medicine in 1964 and was the first large scale computer based retrospective search service available to the general public 開發 Since 1879 the National Library of Medicine had published 醫學索引，a monthly guide to medical articles in thousands of journals The huge volume of bibliographic citations was manually compiled In 1957 the staff of the NLM started to plan the mechanization of the Index Medicus prompted by a desire for a better way to manipulate all this information not only for Index Medicus but also to produce subsidiary products By 1960 a detailed specification was prepared and by the spring of 1961 a s was sent out to 72 companies to develop the system As a result a contract was awarded to the 英國通用電氣公司 A computer which was to run MEDLARS was delivered to the NLM in March 1963 and Director of the NLM 1949 to 1963 said at the time If all goes well the January 1964 issue of Index Medicus will be ready to emerge from the system at the end of this year It may be that this will mark the beginning of a new era in medical bibliography MEDLARS cost 3 million to develop and at the time of its completion in 1964 no other publicly available fully operational electronic storage and retrieval system of its magnitude existed The original computer configuration operated from 1964 until its replacement by MEDLARS II in January 1975Rogers Frank B The Development of MEDLARS Bull Med Libr Assoc 1964 January 52 1 150151Miles Wyndham The History of the NLM Chapter 20 Evolution of Computerized Bibliographies 1983 MEDLARS Online In late 1971 an online version called MEDLINE MEDLARS Online became available as a way to do online searching of MEDLARS from remote medical librariesUS Congress Office of Technology Assessment 1982 MEDLARS and Health Information Policy This early system covered 239 journals and boasted that it could support as many as 25 simultaneous online users remotely loggedin from distant medical libraries at one time However this system remained primarily in the hands of libraries with researchers able to submit preprogrammed search tasks to librarians and obtain results on printouts but rarely able to interact with the NLM computer output in realtime This situation continued through the beginning of the 1990s and the rise of the World Wide Web In 1996 soon after most home computers began automatically bundling efficient web browsers a free public version of MEDLINE was deployed This system called PubMed was offered to the general online user in June 1997 when MEDLINE searches via the Web were demonstrated 資料庫 In May 2022 the database contained more than 34 million records from 5639 selected publications covering biomedicine and health from 1781 to the present Originally the database covered articles starting from 1965 but this has been enhanced and records as far back as 1781 are now available within the main index The database is freely accessible on the Internet via the PubMed interface and new citations are added Tuesday through Saturday For citations added during 19952003 about 48 are for cited articles published in the US about 88 are published in English and about 76 have English abstracts written by authors of the articles The most common topic in the database is Cancer with around 12 of all records between 19502016 which have risen from 6 in 1950 to 16 in 2016 檢索 MEDLINE uses 醫學主題詞 MeSH for information retrieval Engines designed to search MEDLINE such as Entrez and PubMed generally use a 布林表示式 combining MeSH terms words in abstract and title of the article author names date of publication etc Entrez and PubMed can also find articles similar to a given one based on a mathematical scoring system that takes into account the similarity of word content of the abstracts and titles of two articles MEDLINE added a publication type term for randomized controlled trial in 1991 and a MESH subset systematic review in 2001 重要性 MEDLINE functions as an important resource for biomedical researchers and s from all over the world Along with the and a number of other databases MEDLINE facilitates Most articles published presently build on extensive searches of MEDLINE to identify articles that might be useful in the review MEDLINE influences researchers in their choice of journals in which to publish 期刊收錄 More than 5200 biomedical journals are indexed in MEDLINE New journals are not included automatically or immediately Several criteria for selection are applied Selection is based on the recommendations of a panel the Literature Selection Technical Review Committee based on scientific scope and quality of a journal The Journals Database one of the Entrez databases contains information such as its name abbreviation and publisher about all journals included in Entrez including PubMed 用法 PubMed usage has been on the rise since 2008 In 2011 PubMedMEDLINE was searched 18 billion times up from 16 billion searches in the previous year A service such as MEDLINE strives to balance usability with power and comprehensiveness In keeping with the fact that MEDLINEs primary user community is professionals s searching MEDLINE effectively is a learned skill untrained users are sometimes frustrated with the large numbers of articles returned by simple searches Counterintuitively a search that returns thousands of articles is not guaranteed to be comprehensive Unlike using a typical Internet search engine PubMed searching of MEDLINE requires a little investment of time Using the MeSH database to define the subject of interest is one of the most useful ways to improve the quality of a search Using MeSH terms in conjunction with limits such as publication date or publication type qualifiers such as adverse effects or prevention and control and textword searching is another Finding one article on the subject and clicking on the Related Articles link to get a collection of similarly classified articles can expand a search that otherwise yields few results For who are trying to learn about health and medicine topics the NIH offers MedlinePlus thus although such users are still free to search and read the medical literature themselves via PubMed they also have some help with it into something comprehensible and practically applicable for patients and family members 另見 an alternative interface to the PubMed medical literature database a natural language text similarity engine for MEDLINE and other text databases an opensource biomedical search engine 參考資料 外部連結 Category 生物學資料庫 Category 文獻檢索資料庫 Category 醫學資料庫 Category 線上資料庫 Category 公有領域資料庫