關於阿道夫希特勒的心理狀態有諸多研究，一些心理學和精神分析專家認為他可能有精神疾病，但他一生中從未親自受過診斷。在希特勒在世期間、以及死後，都曾有人認為他有躁鬱症、思覺失調症、或心理病態。知名的診斷者包括 1943 年的和 1973 年的埃裡希弗羅姆。另外也有專業人士如認希特勒大概沒有有這些問題。 宣稱的心理問題 據稱的問題 研究來源 歇斯底里、戲劇化人格違常 Wilmanns Pieper Werner Highdelberg Zur Kulturgeschichte der Genussmittel und psychoaktiven Drogen 2000 P 228 Lidz R Wiedemann H R Karl Wilmanns 18731945 einige Ergänzungen und Richtigstellungen In Fortschritte der Neurologie 1989 Volume 57 P 160161 Murray Murray Henry A Analysis of the personality of Adolf Hitler With predictions of his future behavior and suggestions for dealing with him now and after Germanys surrender 1943 OnlineAnalysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler Langer Binion Binion Rudolph Hitler among the Germans Elsevier New York 1976 Tyrer Henry Desmond Geary Dick Tyrer Peter Adolf Hitler A Reassessment of His Personality Status In Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine Volume 10 1993 P 148151 思覺失調症、偏執狂 Vernon Vernon W H D Hitler the man notes for a case history PDFDatei 28 MB In The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology Volume 37 Issue 3 July 1942 P 295308 compare Medicus A Psychiatrist Looks at Hitler In The New Republic April 26th 1939 P 326327 Murray Treher Treher Wolfgang Hitler Steiner Schreber Gäste aus einer anderen Welt Die seelischen Strukturen des schizophrenen Prophetenwahns Oknos Emmendingen 1966 newer edition Oknos 1990 Wolfgang Treher Is Wolfgang Treher a reliable author Schwaab Schwaab Edleff H Hitlers Mind A Plunge into Madness Praeger Westport CT 1992 Tyrer CoolidgeDavisSegal 藥物濫用造成的心理問題 HestonHeston 生理疾病造成的心理問題 Gibbels Gibbels Ellen Hitlers Nervenkrankheit Eine neurologisch psychiatrische Studie PDF 69 MB In Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 1994 Volume 42 2 P 155220 Hesse Hesse Günter Hitlers neuropsychiatrischen Störungen Folgen seiner LostVergiftung Hayden Hayden Deborah Pox Genius Madness and the Mysteries of Syphilis Basic Books 2003 Hitler syphilis theory revived Heinrich Himmlers physician Felix Kersten allegedly had access to a medical report that was held under lock and key that supposedly proved that Hitler had syphilis Kessel Joseph The Man With the Miraculous Hands The Fantastic Story of Felix Kersten Himmlers Private Doctor Burford Books Springfield NJ 2004 see also Hitler the Paretic Syphilitic 心理病態、反社會人格障礙 Bychowski Bychowski Gustav Dictators and Disciples From Caesar to Stalin a psychoanalytic interpretation of History International Universities Press New York 1948 HenryGearyTyrer CoolidgeDavisSegal 自戀型人格疾患 Sleigh Sleigh Alfred Hitler A Study in Megalomania In Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal June 1966 Volume 11 Issue 3 P 218219 BrombergSmall Bromberg Norbert Small Verna Volz Hitlers Psychopathology International Universities Press New York MadisonCT 1983 see also Bromberg Norbert Hitlers Character and Its Development In American Imago 28 Winter 1971 P 297298 Norbert Bromberg 81 Retired Psychoanalyst New York Times Verna Small 92 leading Village preservationist CoolidgeDavisSegal 施虐人格障礙 CoolidgeDavisSegal 邊緣性人格障礙 BrombergSmall Victor Victor George Hitler The Pathology of Evil Potomac Books 1999 Dorpat Dorpat Theodore Wounded Monster Hitlers Path from Trauma to Malevolence University Press of America 2003 CoolidgeDavisSegal 創傷後壓力症候群 Dorpat KochHillebrecht KochHillebrecht Manfred Hitler Ein Sohn des Krieges Fronterlebnis und Weltbild Herbig Munich 2003 Hitlers Therapie Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Armbruster 2009 Vinnai Vinnai Gerhard Hitler Scheitern und Vernichtungswut Zur Genese des faschistischen Täters PsychosozialVerlag Gießen 2004 Gerhard Vinnais website CoolidgeDavisSegal 腦功能側化異常 MartindaleHasenfusHines Martindale Colin Hasenfus Nancy Hines Dwight Hitler a neurohistorical formulation In Confinia psychiatrica 1976 Volume 19 Issue 2 P 106116 思覺失調型人格障礙症 Rappaport Rappaport Ernest A AntiJudaism A psychohistory Perspective Press Chicago 1975 Waite Waite Robert G L The Psychopathic God Adolf Hitler Basic Books 1977 Waite Robert G L Adolf Hitlers AntiSemitism A Study in History and Psychoanalysis In Wolman Benjamin B editor The Psychoanalytic Interpretation of History New York London 1971 P 192230 危險領導者障礙（Dangerous leader disorder） Mayer Mayer John D The emotional madness of the dangerous leader In Journal of Psychohistory Volume 20 1993 P 331348 躁鬱症 HershmanLieb Hershman D Jablow Lieb Julian A Brotherhood of Tyrants Manic Depression and Absolute Power Prometheus Books Amherst NY 1994 亞斯伯格症候群 Fitzgerald Fitzgerald Michael Autism and creativity is there a link between autism in men and exceptional ability Routledge 2004 S 2527 除了心理疾病，也有其他心理狀態的分析，例如 2015 年指出性格堅決（assertive），並願意為了權力而冒極高的風險 Peter Longerich Hitler Biographie Siedler Munich 2015 。 診斷的倫理問題 精神醫學對於疾病書寫（pathography）的評價不佳，尤其是未親自診斷患者的分析，在美國，由於 1973 建立的高華德守則，許多人更認為為這種分析不道德。德國精神科醫師 Hans BürgerPrinz 認為任何隔空診斷都是對精神醫學的嚴重濫用。希特勒的眾多不同診斷結果也顯示此方法的不確定性 Wippermann Wolfgang Faschismus und Psychoanalyse Forschungsstand und Forschungsperspektiven In Bedrich Loewenstein Editor Geschichte und Psychologie Annäherungsversuche Pfaffenweiler 1992 P 266 Dörr Nikolas Zeitgeschichte Psychologie und Psychoanalyse 。 對於希特勒的案例，特別重要的問題包括普羅讀者容易接受作者的診斷而不加思考，另一問題是若將希特勒的行為歸因於心理疾病，可能顯得他不用為自己的行為負責。也有人持相反的觀點，認為用心理疾病醜化希特勒可能造成人們把納粹德國的責任全都都歸罪於他，顯得大眾和其他人員都不用負責 Als ein Volk ohne Schatten In Die Zeit No 48 November 21 1986，例如 1963 年漢娜阿倫特所稱「平庸的邪惡」即強調精神正常的人仍可犯下納粹大屠殺。社會心理學家也持類似觀點。 有些人根本上反對試圖用任何方式來解釋希特勒，例如猶太神學家和大屠殺倖存者艾米爾法肯海姆（Emil Fackenheim）認為人類無法解釋希特勒的邪惡，只有神可以解釋 Emil Fackenheim Yehuda Bauer The Temptation to Blame God In Rosenbaum Ron Explaining Hitler The Search for the Origins of His Evil Harper Perennial New York 1999 。克勞德朗茲曼（Claude Lanzman）甚至批評試圖解釋希特勒的人，認為這接近納粹大屠殺否認論 Claude Lanzmann and the War Against the Question Why In Rosenbaum 1999 P 251266 Lanzmann Claude Hier ist kein Warum In Stuart Liebman Editor Claude Lanzmanns Shoah Key Essays Oxford University Press 2007 Lanzmann Claude Caruth Cathy Rodowick David The Obscenity of Understanding An Evening with Claude Lanzmann In American Imago 48 1991 P 473495 對群眾的影響 精神醫師 Jan Ehrenwald 指出，除了希特勒自己的心理狀態，較少人研究為什麼他能得到上百萬的狂熱支持者。在二戰期間即有人指出希特勒知道自己的心理狀態，並利用它來煽動群眾 Murray Henry A Analysis of the personality of Adolf Hitler With predictions of his future behavior and suggestions for dealing with him now and after Germanys surrender 1943 OnlineAnalysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler。也有些人注意到其他有精神問題的人物，如查爾斯曼森和吉姆瓊斯，也在自己領導的新興宗教團體中得到極大的影響力 Coolidge Frederic L Davis Felicia L Segal Daniel L Understanding Madmen A SSMIV Assessment of Adolf Hitler In Individual Differences Research 5 2007 P 3043。 另一些研究者則認為希特勒的支持者也有心理問題 Walter Langer is dead at 82 wrote secret study of Hitler New York Times A Psychological Profile of Adolf Hitler His Life and Legend Online Eckhardt William The Values of Fascism In Journal of Social Issues Volume 24 1968 P 89104 Muslin Hyman Adolf Hitler The Evil Self In Psychohistory Review 20 1992 P 251270 Berke Joseph The Wellsprings of Fascism Individual Malice Group Hatreds and the Emergence of National Narcissism Free Associations Vol 6 Part 3 Number 39 1996 Lothane Zvi Omnipotence or the delusional aspect of ideology in relation to love power and group dynamics In American Journal of Psychoanalysis 1997 Volume 57 1 P 2546，但目前沒有證據支援此說 Psychological evaluations of Nazi leaders didnt show any signs of mental disturbances Zillmer Eric A Harrower Molly Ritzler Barry A Archer Robert P The Quest for the Nazi Personality A Psychological Investigation of Nazi War criminals Routledge 1995。1996 年丹尼爾戈德哈根指出希特勒能快速取得政治力量與他的心理問題無關，而是當時德國的社會問題導致 Goldhagen Daniel Hitlers Willing Executioners Alfred Knopf New York 1996 HansUlrich Wehler shared the same view Geschichte als historische Sozialwissenschaft Frankfurt am Main 1973 P 103。 2000 年，有研究者開始分析希特勒的心理狀態是否和群眾的狂熱有關係 Matussek Paul Matussek Peter Marbach Jan Hitler Karriere eines Wahns Herbig Munich 2000 Das Phänomen Hitler Review Marbach Jan Zum Verhältnis von individueller Schuld und kollektiver Verantwortung Lecture given on the 35th annual conference of the Deutschsprachige Gesellschaft。 參考資料 Category 精神病學史 Category 阿道夫希特勒 Category 異常心理學 Category 精神病理學 Category 亞斯伯格症候群患者