瓦沙羅什瑙梅尼男爵厄特沃什羅蘭阿戈什頓（，；），又稱羅蘭馮厄特沃什男爵（Baron Roland von EötvösL Bod E Fishbach G Marx and Maria NárayZiegler One hundred years of the Eötvös experiment Acta Physica Hungarica 6934 1991 335355），中文常稱厄缶，匈牙利王國內閣大臣、議會副議長、匈牙利科學院院長、匈牙利物理學家。在引力、表面張力、扭擺方面的貢獻巨大。 匈牙利的厄特沃什羅蘭大學、和月球上的厄缶環形山均以厄特沃什的名字命名。小行星 12301（Eötvös）也被以厄特沃什的名字命名。另外紅鉈礦的西文名 Lorándite 也是得名自厄特沃什羅蘭。 In addition to Eötvös Loránd University and the in Hungary the Eötvös crater on the Moon the asteroid 12301 Eötvös and the mineral lorándite also bear his name as well as peak Cime Eotvos in the Dolomites Life Born in 1848 the year of the Hungarian revolution Eötvös was the son of the Baron József Eötvös de Vásárosnamény 18131871 a wellknown poet writer and liberal politician who was cabinet minister at the time and played an important part in 19th century Hungarian intellectual and political life His mother was the Hungarian noble lady Agnes Rosty de Barkócz 18251913 member of the illustrious noble family Rosty de Barkócz that originally hailed from the Vas county and through this he descended from the ancient medieval Hungarian noble Perneszy family which died out in the 18th century Loránds uncle was Pál Rosty de Barkócz 18301874 was a Hungarian nobleman photographer explorer who visited Texas New Mexico Mexico Cuba and Venezuela between 1857 and 1859 Loránd Eötvös first studied law but soon switched to physics and went abroad to study in Heidelberg and Königsberg After earning his doctorate he became a university professor in Budapest and played a leading part in Hungarian science for almost half a century He gained international recognition first by his innovative work on capillarity then by his refined experimental methods and extensive field studies in gravity Eötvös is remembered today for his experimental work on gravity in particular his study of the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass the socalled weak equivalence principle and his study of the gravitational gradient on the Earths surface The weak equivalence principle plays a prominent role in relativity theory and the Eötvös experiment was cited by Albert Einstein in his 1916 paper The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity Measurements of the gravitational gradient are important in applied geophysics such as the location of petroleum deposits The CGS unit for gravitational gradient is named the eotvos in his honor From 1886 until his death Loránd Eötvös researched and taught in the University of Budapest which in 1950 was renamed after him Eötvös Loránd University Eötvös is buried in the Kerepesi Cemetery in Budapest HungarySee this site for a photograph of his gravesite Torsion balance A variation of the earlier invention the torsion balance the Eötvös pendulum designed by Hungarian Baron Loránd Eötvös is a sensitive instrument for measuring the density of underlying rock strata The device measures not only the direction of force of gravity but the change in the force of gravitys extent in the horizontal plane It determines the distribution of masses in the Earths crust The Eötvös torsion balance an important instrument of geodesy and geophysics throughout the whole world studies the Earths physical properties It is used for mine exploration and also in the search for minerals such as oil coal and ores The Eötvös pendulum was never patented but after the demonstration of its accuracy and numerous visits to Hungary from abroad several instruments were exported worldwide and the richest oilfields in the United States were discovered by using it The Eötvös pendulum was used to prove the equivalence of the inertial mass and the gravitational mass accurately as a response to the offer of a prize This equivalence was used later by Albert Einstein in setting out the theory of general relativity This is how Eötvös describes his balance One of Eötvös assistants who later became a noted scientist was Radó von Kövesligethy Honors To honor Eötvös a postage stamp was issued by Hungary on 1 July 1932colnectcomenstampsstamp141647Baron_Loránd_Eötvös_18481919_physicistPersonalitiesHungary Another stamp was issued on 27 July 1948 to commemorate the centenary of the birth of the physicistcolnectcomenstampsstamp179845Baron_Lóránd_Eötvös_18481919_physicistLóránd_EötvösHungary Hungary issued a postage stamp on 31 January 1991colnectcomenstampsstamp181792Lóránd_EötvösPeopleHungary See also Eotvos a unit of gravitational gradient List of geophysicists Lorándite a mineral named after Loránd Eötvös Category 匈牙利科學家 Category19 世紀物理學家 Category 匈牙利教育部長 Category 匈牙利科學院院士 參考 延伸閱讀 外部連結 Eötvös and STEP biographical remarks and a summary of his research Eötvös Loránd Virtual Museum