超文字小說是使用超文字連結的一種體裁。可非線性的提供新的資訊。如同維基百科，可從文字的一個節點移動到下一個節點。其精神也可以在看到。 該術語甚至還可用於描述以非線性敘述和互動式敘述的傳統紙本書籍。例如詹姆斯奧古斯汀艾洛依休斯喬伊斯的《尤利西斯》、豪爾赫路易斯博爾赫斯的《小徑分岔的花園》、弗拉基米爾弗拉基米羅維奇納博科夫的《微暗的火》、胡利奧科塔薩爾的《跳房子》就是在「超文字小說」這個術語出現前的超文字小說例子。 定義 超文字文學的定義幾乎沒有共識。類似的術語（，直譯：網路文字）經常與超文字互換使用。Aarseth Espen1997 ergodic Literature Baltimore Maryland The Johns Hopkins University Press httpwwwhfuibnocybertextErgodichtml 對而言，網路文字本身並不是一種體裁。Bolter Jay David Degrees of Freedom retrieved from httpwwwuvesforesprogramabolter_freedomhtml 歷史 第一批超文字小說是在全球資訊網開發之前使用（直譯：故事空間，是第一個專門為建立、編輯和閱讀超文字小說而開發的軟體程式。）和 HyperCard（首批超媒體系統之一）等軟體出版的。 該領域先驅者是和。 Douglas Coopers Delirium 1994 was the first novel serialized on the World Wide Web it permitted navigation between four parallel story strands On June 21 1996 Bobby Rabyd aka Robert Arellano published the World Wide Webs first interactive novelCiccarello Lisa Swiveling My Hips through the Interbunk And Having a Great Time Too Pif Magazine January 2000 Sunshine 69 with navigable maps of settings a nonlinear calendar of scenes and a character suitcase enabling readers to try on nine different points of view Shortly thereafter in 1997 Mark Amerika released GRAMMATRON a multilinear work that was eventually exhibited in art galleries In 2000 it was included in the Whitney Biennial of American Art In the 1990s women and feminist artists took advantage of hypertext and produced dozens of works Linda Dements Cyberflesh Girlmonster a hypertext CDROM that incorporates images of womens body parts and remixes them to create new shapes Dr Caitlin Fishers hypertext novella These Waves of Girls is set in three time periods of the protagonist exploring polymorphous perversity enacted in her queer identity through memory The story is written as a reflection diary of the interconnected memories of childhood adolescence and adulthood It consists of an associated multimodal collection of nodes includes linked text still and moving images manipulable images animations and sound clips It won the Electronic Literature Organization award Some other web examples of hypertext fiction include Adrienne Eisens Six Sex Scenes 1995 Stuart Moulthrops Hegirascope 1995 1997 The Unknown which won the trAce Alt X award in 1998 The Company Therapist 19961999 which won Net Magazines Entertainment Site of the Year and Caitlin Fishers These Waves of Girls 2001 which won the ELO award for fiction in 2001 More recent works include Stephen Marches Lucy Hardins Missing Period 2010 and Paul La Farges Luminous Airplanes 2011 The internationally oriented but US based Electronic Literature Organization ELO was founded in 1999 to promote the creation and enjoyment of electronic literature Other organisations for the promotion of electronic literature include trAce Online Writing Community a British organisation started in 1995 that has fostered electronic literature in the UK Dichtung Digital a journal of criticism of electronic literature in English and German and ELINOR a network for electronic literature in the Nordic countries which provides a directory of Nordic electronic literature The Electronic Literature Directory lists many works of electronic literature in English and other languages 特點 超文字小說可包含影像、表格、引用等等。 超文字小說可以採用不同的形式。可以是軸向的、樹狀的、網路的等等。軸向超文字小說有一個中心故事線，其中的連結會分支並返回到中心故事線。樹狀小說分支成相互排斥的故事情節。網路小說有多個起點，並不總是有固定的結局。一部超文字小說可以混合各種形式。 超文字小說的特點是構成虛構故事的文字網路節點。每個節點中通常有幾個選項可以指導讀者下一步可以去哪裡。與傳統小說不同，讀者不受時空及角度限制，只取決於讀者節點的選擇。類似於維基百科，讀者閱讀一個節點，然後選擇要遵循的連結。 批評 2013 年，《連線》發表了一篇關於為什麼超文字小說沒有流行起來的文章，聲稱非線性故事其實不易寫，因為作品的每個部分都需要介紹人物或概念。Why No One Clicked on the Great Hypertext Story March 16 2013 參見 SCP 基金會 文字冒險 視覺小說 網路文學 網路作家 接龍小說 同人小說 參考 參考書目 The hypertext Tristram Shandy page David R Hammontrees page The Nonlinear Tradition in Literature from The Electronic Labyrinth by Christopher Keep Tim McLaughlin and Robin Parmar Andersen Alan Lance 1981 Elfland catacombs Ames Iowa Winterhearth Ensslin Astrid 2007 Canonizing Hypertext Explorations and Constructions London Continuum 外部連結 超文字敘事的塑造 （Sergio Cicconi 著） Eastgate hyperfiction 目錄 Category 協同寫作