第一次世界大戰期間，德意志帝國是最終戰敗的同盟國之一。 在盟國奧匈帝國向塞爾維亞宣戰之後，它開始參與大戰。除了 1914 年東普魯士入侵的短暫時期之外，德國本土在大部分時間中仍相對免受廣泛入侵。皇家海軍實施的嚴密封鎖導致了德國城市的嚴重食物短缺，尤其是在 191617 年冬季。戰爭結束時，德國的失敗和廣泛的民眾不滿引發了 191819 年的德國革命，這場革命最終推翻了君主制並建立了魏瑪共和國。 1914 年，與歐洲其他國家的人民類似，德國人民以復雜的情緒應對戰爭爆發。最近的研究挑戰了人們普遍懷有熱情（1914 年精神）的理論 Jeffrey Verhey The Spirit of 1914 Militarism Myth and Mobilization in Germany Cambridge UP 2000。由容克地主統治的德國政府將戰爭視為結束被敵對國家法國，俄羅斯和英國包圍的一種方式。外交大臣伯恩哈德馮比洛指出，戰爭是為了使該國獲得 太陽下的一席之地，公眾普遍的民族主義很容易支援這一點。德國當局希望戰爭能夠使公眾作為君主制國家團結起來，並減輕由德國社會民主黨的迅速發展所帶來的威脅，德國社會民主黨曾是戰前德國帝國議會中最有影響力的政黨。儘管德國社會民主黨加入了第二國際，但它結束了與帝國政府的分歧，放棄了國際主義原則，反而來支援戰爭。 事情很快證明，德國沒有為這場持續數月之久的戰爭做好準備。最初，在德國戰時基礎上沒有採取任何措施來調節經濟。而且在整個戰爭中，德國戰爭經濟的組織狀況仍然很糟糕。德國依賴食品和原材料的進口，但這由於英國對德國的封鎖而被迫終止。首先限制糧食價格，然後實行定量配給。1915 年，德國為了生產糧食和儲存穀物，豬玀屠殺中屠殺了 500 萬頭豬。 191617 年的冬天被稱為 蘿蔔冬天，因為馬鈴薯收成不好，人們開始吃動物的食物，包括品蘿蔔。在 1914 年 8 月至 1919 年中旬的戰爭中，由於營養不良，疲憊不堪，疾病和絕望率高而導致的平民死亡人數約有 474000 人 NP Howard The Social and Political Consequences of the Allied Food Blockade of Germany 191819 German History 1993 112 pp 16188 online p 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