是美國司法部排名第四的高階官員，繼司法部長、zhcn 常務副部長；zhtw 副部長； 及助理部長之後。該職位自 2021 年 10 月 28 日起由擔任。 美國訟務次長在美國最高法院代表美國聯邦政府參加訟辯。美國在最高法院採取的法律立場即由訟務次長決定。除了監管及處理政府作為訴訟方的案件外，訟務次長辦公室還會在與聯邦政府有重大利益關聯的案件中提交法庭之友摘要。幾乎所有以「合眾國」為與訟一方的案件中，訟務次長辦公室都會代表政府出庭爭辯，並在大多數政府曾提交「法庭之友」摘要的案件中出庭爭辯。在聯邦上訴法院，訟務次長辦公室會審視對合眾國不利的案件，並決定政府是否應向最高法院尋求覆核。訟務次長辦公室還會審視聯邦地區法院對合眾國作出的裁決，並就政府對案件的上訴做出核准決定。 訟務次長辦公室的組成 訟務次長由 4 名副訟務次長（deputy solicitors general）及 17 名訟務次長助理（assistants to the solicitor general）協助。其中 3 名副訟務次長是司法部的職業律師，剩下的 1 名副訟務次長被稱為「首席副訟務次長」（Principal Deputy Solicitor General）。與訟務次長相同，首席副訟務次長通常在政府任期結束時卸任。 訟務次長或一名副訟務次長通常會在最高法院為最重要的案件爭辯。其他案件可能由其中一名助理或其他政府律師（government attorney）參與訟辯。每個最高法院任期內，訟務次長通常會在 6 至 9 個案件中爭辯，而每名副訟務次長在 4 至 5 個案件中爭辯，每名助理則會在 2 至 3 個案件中爭辯。 歷任訟務次長 訟務次長 任期 委任總統 本傑明布里斯托 October 11 1870 November 15 1872 尤利西斯辛普森格蘭特 Samuel Phillips December 11 1872 May 1 1885 尤利西斯辛普森格蘭特 John Goode May 1 1885 August 5 1886 格羅弗克利夫蘭 George Jenks July 30 1886 May 29 1889 格羅弗克利夫蘭 Orlow Chapman May 29 1889 January 19 1890 本傑明哈里森 威廉霍華德塔夫脫 February 4 1890 March 20 1892 本傑明哈里森 Charles Aldrich March 21 1892 May 28 1893 本傑明哈里森 Lawrence Maxwell April 6 1893 January 30 1895 格羅弗克利夫蘭 Holmes Conrad February 6 1895 July 1 1897 格羅弗克利夫蘭 John Richards July 6 1897 March 16 1903 威廉麥金萊 Henry Hoyt February 25 1903 March 31 1909 西奧多羅斯福 Lloyd Bowers April 1 1909 September 9 1910 威廉霍華德塔夫脫 Frederick Lehmann December 12 1910 July 15 1912 威廉霍華德塔夫脫 William Bullitt July 16 1912 March 11 1913 威廉霍華德塔夫脫 約翰威廉戴維斯 August 30 1913 November 26 1918 伍德羅威爾遜 Alexander King November 27 1918 May 23 1920 伍德羅威爾遜 William Frierson June 1 1920 June 30 1921 伍德羅威爾遜 James Beck June 1 1921 May 11 1925 沃倫蓋瑪利爾哈定 William Mitchell June 4 1925 March 5 1929 卡爾文柯立芝 Charles Hughes May 27 1929 April 16 1930 赫伯特胡佛 Thomas Thacher March 22 1930 May 4 1933 赫伯特胡佛 James Biggs May 5 1933 March 24 1935 富蘭克林德拉諾羅斯福 Stanley Reed March 25 1935 January 30 1938 富蘭克林德拉諾羅斯福 羅伯特H傑克遜 March 5 1938 January 17 1940 富蘭克林德拉諾羅斯福 弗朗西斯貝弗利比德爾 January 22 1940 September 4 1941 富蘭克林德拉諾羅斯福 Charles Fahy November 15 1941 September 27 1945 富蘭克林德拉諾羅斯福 Howard McGrath October 4 1945 October 7 1946 哈里S杜魯門 Philip Perlman July 30 1947 August 15 1952 哈里S杜魯門 Walter Cummings December 2 1952 March 1 1953 哈里S杜魯門 Simon Sobeloff February 10 1954 July 19 1956 德懷特艾森豪威爾 Lee Rankin August 4 1956 January 23 1961 德懷特艾森豪威爾 Archibald Cox January 24 1961 July 31 1965 約翰肯尼迪 瑟古德馬歇爾 August 11 1965 August 30 1967 林登約翰遜 Erwin Griswold October 12 1967 June 25 1973 林登約翰遜 Robert Bork June 27 1973 January 20 1977 理查德尼克松 Robert Bork June 27 1973 January 20 1977 傑拉爾德福特 Daniel Friedman January 20 1977 March 4 1977 吉米卡特 Wade McCree March 4 1977 January 20 1981 吉米卡特 Rex Lee August 6 1981 June 1 1985 羅納德里根 Charles Fried October 23 1985 January 20 1989 羅納德里根 William Bryson January 20 1989 May 27 1989 喬治赫伯特沃克布什 Ken Starr May 27 1989 January 20 1993 喬治赫伯特沃克布什 William Bryson January 20 1993 June 7 1993 比爾克林頓 Drew Days June 7 1993 June 28 1996 比爾克林頓 Walter Dellinger June 28 1996 November 7 1997 比爾克林頓 Seth Waxman November 7 1997 January 20 2001 比爾克林頓 Barbara Underwood January 20 2001 June 13 2001 喬治沃克布什 June 13 2001 July 13 2004 喬治沃克布什 Paul Clement June 13 2005 June 2 2008 喬治沃克布什 Gregory Garre October 2 2008 January 20 2009 喬治沃克布什 Edwin Kneedler January 20 2009 March 20 2009 貝拉克奧巴馬 艾蕾娜卡根 March 20 2009 May 17 2010 貝拉克奧巴馬 Neal Katyal May 17 2010 June 9 2011 貝拉克奧巴馬 Don Verrilli June 9 2011 June 25 2016 貝拉克奧巴馬 Ian Gershengorn June 25 2016 January 20 2017 貝拉克奧巴馬 Noel Francisco January 20 2017 March 10 2017 唐納川普 Jeff Wall March 10 2017 September 19 2017 唐納川普 Noel Francisco September 19 2017 July 3 2020 唐納川普 Jeff Wall July 3 2020 January 20 2021 唐納川普 Elizabeth Prelogar January 20 2021 August 11 2021 喬拜登 Brian Fletcher August 11 2021 October 28 2021 喬拜登 Elizabeth Prelogar October 28 2021 present 喬拜登 Note Some terms overlap because the incumbent remained in office after a successor was named The office has been vacant at times while awaiting the nomination or confirmation of a successor 首席副訟務次長列表 Paul M Bator 1982 to 1983 Donald B Ayer June 1986 to December 1988 John Roberts October 1989January 1993 Became Chief Justice Paul Bender 19931996 Seth Waxman 19961997 Became Solicitor General Barbara Underwood March 1997 to January 2001 acting SG from January to June 2001 Paul D Clement 2001 to July 2004 became acting SG Gregory G Garre September 2005June 19 2008 became acting SG Neal Katyal January 2009 to May 2010 became acting SG Leondra Kruger acting principal deputy SG named in August 2010 Sri Srinivasan August 2011 to May 2013 became Chief Judge of DC Circuit Ian Gershengorn September 2013 to June 2016 became Acting SG Noel Francisco January 20 2017 to March 10 2017 became SG Jeff Wall March 10 2017 to January 20 2021 became Acting SG Elizabeth Prelogar January 20 2021 October 28 2021 became SG 參見 法律政策專員 澳洲民事檢察專員 澳洲法律政策專員 參考文獻 Category 美國司法部官員 Category 法律政策專員 Category 特定地區法律職業