通布卡語（，通布卡語：或，意為的語言）是班圖語一支，主要在馬拉維北部地區和尚比亞的隆達濟地區使用。Michigan State University African Studies Center information page 通布卡語與齊切瓦語和屬於同一語群。 Kiso 2012 pp21ff 根據 1998 年的《世界年鑑》估計大約有 2000000 名通布卡語使用者，儘管其他來源估計使用人數要少得多。據說大多數講通布卡語的人都住在馬拉維。Michigan State University African Studies Center information page 通布卡語是馬拉維北部地區使用最廣泛的語言，尤其是在倫比、姆祖祖和姆津巴地區。University of Malawi 2006 Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi 馬拉維城市中使用的通布卡語（許多詞借用斯瓦希里語和齊切瓦語 ）與鄉村中使用的通布卡語存在很大差異。 Kamwendo 2004 p282 姆津巴方言則受到祖魯語影響，University of Malawi 2006 p27 在有些詞彙上甚至出現搭嘴音，這在通布卡語其它方言並沒有發生。 自 1968 年以來，由於馬拉維總統黑斯廷斯卡穆祖班達的「一個民族，一種語言」的政策，通布卡語的使用受到了影響，它失去了在馬拉維官方語言的地位， 導致通布卡語在學校課程，國家廣播電臺和印刷媒體中禁止使用。 Kamwendo 2004 p278 隨著 1994 年馬拉維民主化和多黨制的到來，在馬拉維的廣播上再次開播通布卡語的節目，但是通布卡語的書籍和其他出版物的數量仍然很少。 See Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi 2006 pp3840 for a list of publications 參考文獻 參考書目 Botne Robert 1999 Future and distal kas ProtoBantu or nascent form s In JeanMarie Hombert and Larry M Hyman eds Bantu Historical Linguistics Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives Stanford CA Center for the Study of Language and Information pp 473515 Chase Robert 2004 A Comparison of Demonstratives in the Karonga and Henga Dialects of Tumbuka Undergraduate paper Amherst Dept of Linguistics Univ of Massachusetts Chavula Jean Josephine 2016 Verbal derivation and valency in Chitumbuka Leiden University doctoral thesis Downing Laura J 2006 The Prosody and Syntax of Focus in Chitumbuka ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43 5579 Downing Laura J 2008 Focus and prominence in Chichewa Chitumbuka and Durban Zulu ZAS Papers in Linguistics 49 4765 Downing Laura J 2012 On the Non congruence of Focus and Prominence in Tumbuka Selected Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference on African Linguistics ed Michael R Marlo et al 122133 Somerville MA Cascadilla Proceedings Project Downing Laura J 2017 Tone and intonation in Chichewa and Tumbuka In Laura J Downing Annie Rialland eds Intonation in African Tone Languages de Gruyter BerlinBoston pp 365392 Downing Laura J 2019 Tumbuka prosody Between tone and stress In Emily Clem et al eds Theory and Description in African Linguistics Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics 7594 Also available online at Elmslie Walter Angus 1923 Introductory Grammar of the Tumbuka Language Livingstonia Mission Press Kamwendo Gregory H 2004 Kamwendo Your Chitumbuka is Shallow Its not the Real Chitumbuka Linguistic Purism Among Chitumbuka Speakers in Malawi Nordic Journal of African Studies 13 3 275288 Kishindo Pascal J et Allan L Lipenga 2006 Parlons citumbuka langue et culture du Malawi et de la Zambie LHarmattan Paris Budapest Kinshasa 138 pages Kishindo Pascal J ed Jean J Chavula and others 2018 Citumbuka dictionary Centre for Language Studies University of Malawi Kiso Andrea 2012 Tense and Aspect in Chichewa Citumbuka and Cisena PhD Thesis Stockholm University McNicholl Duncan 2010 The NoNonsense Guide to Learning Chitumbuka Volume 1 Moto Francis 1999 The Tonal Phonology of Bantu Ideophones Malilime Malawian Journal of Linguistics no1 100120 pp 112119 deals with tone in Chitumbuka ideophones Mphande L 1989 A Phonological Analysis of the Ideophone in Chitumbuka PhD Dissertation The University of Texas Austin Shiozaki Lisa 2004 Concordial agreement in the Karonga dialect of Tumbuka Undergraduate paper Amherst Dept of Linguistics Univ of Massachusetts Turner WM 1952 TumbukaTongaEnglish Dictionary The Hetherwick Press Blantyre Nyasaland now Malawi University of Malawi Centre for Language Studies 2006 Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi Vail Hazen Leroy 1971 The noun classes of Tumbuka African studies v 30 1 p 3559 Vail Hazen Leroy 1972 Aspects of the Tumbuka Verb PhD dissertation University of Wisconsin 外部連結 關於通布卡語的簡短報道。 馬拉維北部語言地圖調查 。 馬拉維大學語言研究中心，2006 年。 馬拉維北部語言地圖 一些更多的 chiTumbuka 詞彙。 在圖姆巴卡上的泛非 L10n 頁面 Citumbuka 單語詞典 Category 馬拉維語言