達爾文獎章是英國皇家學會每兩年頒發一次的獎項，表揚 查爾斯達爾文對於生物學領域公認貢獻，特別是進化、種群生物學、有機體生物學和生物多樣性方面。該獎項於 1890 年首次頒發，旨在紀念查爾斯達爾文，得主可獲得 2000 英鎊獎金（截至 2016 年）。 達爾文獎章與大多數皇家學會頒發獎章一樣，開放英聯邦或愛爾蘭候選人。 歷屆得主 年度 影像 得主 得獎原因 備註 1890 年 阿爾弗雷德拉塞爾華萊士 For his independent origination of the theory of the origin of species by natural selection 1892 年 約瑟夫道爾頓胡克 On account of his important contributions to the progress of systematic botany as evidenced by theGenera Plantarumand theFlora Indica but more especially on account of his intimate association with Mr Darwin in the studies preliminary to theOrigin of Species 1894 年 托馬斯亨利赫胥黎 For his researches in comparative anatomy and especially for his intimate association with Mr Darwin in relation to theOrigin of Species 1896 年 喬凡尼巴蒂斯塔格拉西 For his researches on the life history and societies of the Termitidae and on the developmental relationship between Leptocephalus and the common eel and other muraenidae 1898 年 卡爾皮爾遜 For his work on the quantitative treatment of biological problems 1900 年 恩斯特海克爾 For his longcontinued and highly important work in zoology all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism 1902 年 法蘭西斯高爾頓 For his numerous contributions to the exact study of heredity variation contained inHereditary GeniusNatural Inheritance and other writings 1904 年 威廉貝特森 For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity 1906 年 許霍德弗里斯 On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity Variation 1908 年 奧古斯特魏斯曼 On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection 1910 年 羅蘭特里門 On the ground of his South African bionomic researches in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin 1912 年 弗朗西斯達爾文 On the ground of his work in conjunction with Charles Darwin and his researches in vegetable physiology 1914 年 120px 愛德華巴格諾爾波爾頓 On the ground of his researches in heredity 1916 年 伊夫德拉熱 On the ground of researches in zoology and biology 1918 年 亨利費爾費爾德奧斯本 For his valuable researches on vertebrate morphology and palaeontology 1920 年 On the ground of his work on scientific principles applied to the breeding of plants 1922 年 For his researches in the science of genetics 1924 年 托馬斯亨特摩爾根 For his valuable work in zoology and more especially his researches on heredity and cytology 1926 年 達金菲爾德亨利斯科特 For his contributions to palaeophytology particularly in relation to the period of coal 1928 年 For the eminence of his contributions to ecological botany 1930 年 恩斯特施密特 For his work on extended oceanographical expeditions and for his genetic studies in animals and plants 1932 年 卡爾科倫斯 As one of the three independent discoverers of Mendels publications and for his distinguished researches in genetics 1934 年 阿爾伯特查爾斯蘇厄德 In recognition of his work as a palaeobotanist 1936 年 In recognition of his long continued work for the advancement of marine biology not only by his own researches but by the great influence he has exerted on very numerous investigations at Plymouth 1938 年 In recognition of his work of acknowledged distinction in the field in which Darwin himself laboured 1940 年 詹姆斯彼得希爾 For his contributions to the solution of problems bearing on the interrelationships of the main groups of the Mammalia and on the phylogenetic history of the primates a subject with which Charles Darwin himself was much concerned 1942 年 DMS沃特森 In recognition of his researches on primitive fishes and amphibians which have much advanced the knowledge of the evolution of these groups of animals 1944 年 約翰斯坦利加德納 In recognition of his work on coral reefs and on the organisms associated with such habitats 1946 年 達西湯普森 In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development of biology 1948 年 120px 羅納德愛爾默費雪 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of natural selection the concept of its gene complex and the evolution of dominance 1950 年 For his distinguished contributions to the study of algology 1952 年 約翰伯頓桑德森霍爾丹 In recognition of his initiation of the modern phase of the study of the evolution of living populations 1954 年 EB福特 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the genetical theory of evolution by natural selection particularly in natural populations 1956 年 朱利安赫胥黎 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the study and theory of evolution 1958 年 加文德比爾 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology 1960 年 EJH科納 In recognition of his distinguished and strikingly original botanical work in tropical forests 1962 年 喬治蓋洛德辛普森 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to general evolutionary theory based on a profound study of palaeontology particularly of vertebrates 1964 年 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of cytology and genetics 1966 年 哈羅德M福克斯 In recognition of his distinguished and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena 1968 年 In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology particularly of the mollusca 1970 年 查爾斯艾爾頓 In recognition of the basic concepts he has contributed to the study of animal ecology which with his foundation of the Bureau of Animal Population have had international impact 1972 年 戴維賴克 In recognition of his distinguished and numerous contributions to ornithology and to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms 1974 年 In recognition of his outstanding work on natural populations of butterflies describing and explaining the operation of natural selection and demonstrating the genetic basis upon which selection operates 1976 年 In recognition of her discovery of and continuing work on chemical mutagenesis 1978 年 In recognition of his discovery of somatic recombination in fungi which led to the elucidation of an important type of genetic variation 1980 年 休厄爾賴特 In recognition of his outstanding contributions to genetics and evolutionary theory 1982 年 In recognition of their major contributions to plant physiology including fundamental studies on insectivorous plants much of this research carried out jointly 1982 年 In recognition of their major contributions to plant physiology including fundamental studies on insectivorous plants much of this research carried out jointly 1984 年 恩斯特瓦爾特邁爾 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology 1986 年 約翰梅納德史密斯 In recognition of his outstanding success in combining mathematics with biology to enhance our understanding of evolution in particular the evolution of sex 1988 年 威廉唐納漢彌爾頓 In recognition of his distinguished work on evolutionary theory His contributions include the theory of kin selection to account for altruistic behaviour and the theoretical demonstration of a link between disease resistance and the evolution of sex 1990 年 For his research on the population biology and evolution of plants which has greatly improved understanding of the adaptation of plants to their environment 1992 年 木村資生 Distinguished for his work on molecular evolution in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of evolution 1994 年 彼得勞倫斯 In recognition of his analysis of pattern formation during insect segmentation and of his contribution to understanding how genetic processes specify spatial information 1996 年 約翰蘇爾斯頓 In recognition of his leadership in the study of genome analysis with the potential to have a profound impact on the whole of biology 1998 年 In recognition of their work on cereal genome organisation and evolution which has revolutionised cereal genetics by showing that the genetics of all the different cereals can be considered in a common framework 1998 年 In recognition of their work on cereal genome organisation and evolution which has revolutionised cereal genetics by showing that the genetics of all the different cereals can be considered in a common framework 2000 年 布賴恩查爾斯沃思 In recognition of his distinguished work on selection in agestructured populations extending the theory to the evolution of ageing and testing the theories of mutation accumulation and pleiotropy developing models for the evolution of genetic systems including sex and recombination inbreeding and outbreeding separate sexes and sex chromosomes segregation distortion and repetitive DNA 2002 年 2004 年 恩里科科恩for their groundbreaking discoveries about the control of flower development They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of floral form and the evolution of floral development2004 年 羅斯瑪麗卡彭特for their groundbreaking discoveries about the control of flower development They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of floral form and the evolution of floral development2006 年 尼克巴頓for his major and extensive contributions to evolutionary biology characterised by the application of sophisticated mathematical analysis but focussed on developing biological understanding rather than mathematical niceties2008 年 2010 年 布萊恩坎貝爾克拉克 for his original and influential contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis of evolution 2012 年 2014 年 約翰D薩瑟蘭for his novel and convincing work on prebiotic chemistry in particular his solution to the central problem of nucleoside synthesis2016 年 卡洛琳迪恩for her work addressing fundamental questions in the perception of temperature cues and how modifications in epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in adaptation2018 年 2019 年 彼得WH霍蘭 for his work with many organisms and genes elucidating key aspects of how changes in the genome influence evolution of animal development 2020 年 2021 年 2022 年 馬丁恩布利 for his fundamental paradigmchanging contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial endosymbiosis and the origins of eukaryotes in a new twodomain tree of life 2023 年 參考資料 外部連結 Category 生物學獎