永援聖母 Our Mother of Perpetual Helpjpg Our Mother of Perpetual Helpjpg 永援聖母（；、；13251480）是天主教會對聖母瑪利亞的稱號。據稱與 15 世紀拜占庭藝術和聖母顯現有關。 據信，該聖像畫起源於，自 1499 年至今，一直供奉在羅馬，每週都會。 庇護九世於 1866 年 5 月 5 日授予及其官方正式頭銜 Nostra Mater de Perpetuo Succursu。君士坦丁堡的拉丁族長紅衣主教於 1867 年 6 月 23 日主持加冕禮。 擔任聖像的保管人。 The image is sometimes known as Virgin of the Passion of Jesus Christ in the Eastern Orthodox religion Novena devotions are held before June 27 every year Under 庇護十二世s Pontificate the image was designated as the national 供養人 of the 海地 and of Almoradí in the 巴倫西亞自治區，西班牙 Due to promotion by the Redemptorist Priests since 1865 the image has become very popular among Roman Catholics Modern reproductions are oftentimes displayed in residential homes commercial establishments and public transportation Description thumbDetail of the icon showing the 米迦勒 thumbCloseup of the Archangel Gabriel The original wooden icon is suspended on the altar measures 17 21 inches and is written on hard nut wood with a gold leaf backgroundFestschrift zum Andenken an die Wiedereröffnung der St PetersKirche St Peters Church Philadelphia 1901 page 93 The image depicts the following symbols The Blessed Virgin Mary wearing a dress of dark red in Byzantine iconography the color of the Empress The subject shows Mary looking towards the faithful while pointing at her son 耶穌 who is frightened by the instruments of 十字架 and is depicted with a fallen sandal The left side is Saint Michael Archangel carrying the 聖槍 and of the 耶穌被釘十字架 On the right side is 加百列 carrying a 宗主教十字 and The 馬利亞 耶穌的母親 has a star on her forehead signifying her role as 海星聖母 while the cross on the side has been claimed as referring to the Greek monastery which produced the icon Byzantine depictions of the Blessed Virgin Mary in art have three stars one star each on the shoulder and one on the forehead This type of icon is called where Mary is pointing to her Son known as a Theotokos of the Passion Mary is depicted with a long slender nose thin lips and smoothly arched eyebrows evidence of being made by a Greek artist The veil and her face itself are rounded indicating holiness The size of the mother is also out of proportion to her son a deliberate intent by the artist to show Mary as larger than life The Greek inscriptions read MPΘΥ Μήτηρ Θεοῦ Mother of God ΟΑΜ Ὁ Ἀρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ Michael the Archangel ΟΑΓ Ὁ Ἀρχάγγελος Γαβριήλ Gabriel the Archangel and Ἰησοῦς Χριστός Jesus Christ respectively The icon has a on a walnut panel believed to be from Crete The was the source of the many icons imported into Europe from the late Middle Ages through the Renaissance The gold background represents the Kingdom of God The round halo surrounding the Virgin Marys head as well as details on the robes were created through which is an artistic effect created by scraping the paint to reveal the gold background additional effects are achieved by chasing designs on the gold The icon was cleaned and restored once in 1866 and again in the year 1940 Origin and discovery According to the the icon was painted by 聖人 and was known as the Panagia Kardiotissa Παναγίας Καρδιώτισσας due to the depiction of the 天主之母 holding the near her heart Historian Stergios Spanakis had argued that the miraculous icon was the reason for the founding of the monastery an Italian Franciscan priest and traveler who visited Crete in 1415 wrote of the icon being miraculous The icon was stolen from the monastery in 1498httpnefelilibteicretegrbrowsesdotour2012IoannouEvgeniaattacheddocument13375823267728673439Ioannou2012pdf The earliest written account of the icon after its abduction comes from a Latin and 義大利語 plaque placed in the church of where it was first venerated by the public in 1499 The writer of the icon is unknown but according to a parchment attached to the painting that accompanied the icon it was stolen by a merchant sailing to 羅馬 from the island of 克里特 The is regarded as the monastery from which the icon was stolen The image remained in the private possession of a Roman merchant and his family until 27 March 1499 when the icon was transferred to the church of San Matteo where it remained for 300 years The picture was then popularly called the Madonna di San Matteo The maintain a robust account of the icon and its passage from the private hands of a merchant family in Rome to its final and current location at on the Esquiline Hill in Rome The accounting includes the story of a merchant who secured the icon from Crete and brought it to his familys home in Rome during the late 15th century The story includes a passage of a young member of the family the sixyearold daughter of the merchant who was visited by the Virgin Mary in a dream Part of the accounting includes the following passage The icon remained at Saint Matthews for three centuries For at least the final 60 years of the 18th century St Matthews was occupied by the Augustinian Order of the Catholic Church When war broke out in Rome in 1798 the icon was moved to the Church of Saint Mary in Posterula near the Umberto I bridge that crosses the Tiber River in Rome The icon remained hidden there until Pope Pius IX granted the possession of the icon to the Redemptorists by Papal Edict in 1865 The Church of Saint Mary in Posterula was later demolished in 1880 According to the account by the Redemptorists In January 1866 Fathers Michael Marchi and Ernest Bresciani went to Saint Marys in Posterula to receive the picture from the Augustinians The Redemptorists had purchased the property where the former Saint Matthews had stood and had established and built the modern SantAlfonso di Liguori in honor of the founder of their congregation Thus the venerated icon of the Catholic Church was returned to the location described by the Virgin Mary in the dream of the merchants daughter that is at the church between Saint Mary Major and Saint John Lateran Redemptorist tradition holds that Pope Pius IX declared in 1866 that the Redemptorists make the icon known to the world and so several copies were made and sent to Redemptorist parishes around the world One such Redemptorist parish in the United States Saint Marys in Annapolis Maryland received a copy from Rome in 1868 The image is prominently displayed within the sanctuary of the parish Transfer In 1798 法國 troops under 路易 亞歷山大貝爾蒂埃 occupied Rome as part of the 法國大革命戰爭，establishing the shortlived 羅馬共和國 18 世紀 and taking 庇護六世 prisoner Among the several churches demolished during the French occupation was San Matteo in Via Merulana which housed the icon The 奧斯定會 who rescued the icon first took it to the nearby Church of St Eusebius then later set it up on a side altar in the Church of Santa Maria in Posterula In January 1855 the Redemptorist priests purchased Villa Caserta in Rome along the Via Merulana and converted it into their headquarters Decades later 庇護九世 invited the to set up a Marian house of veneration in Rome in response to which the Redemptorists built SantAlfonso di Liguori at that location The Redemptorists were thus established on the Via Merulana not knowing that it had once been the site of the Church of San Matteo and shrine of the oncefamous icon Custodianship 庇護九世 sent a letter on 11 December 1865 to Father General Mauron CSsR ordered that the image be once again publicly venerated in Via Merulana the new church of Saint Alphonsus The same Pontiff directed the Augustinian friars to surrender the original icon to the Redemptorist priests on condition that the Redemptorists must supply the Augustinian priests with another adequate picture in exchange as a gesture of goodwill The instructions of the Pontifical order to the were Upon its official transfer Pope Pius IX finally gave his Apostolic Blessing and titled the icon Mater de Perpetuo Succursu English Mother of Perpetual Succour On 21 April 1866 the Redemptorist Superior General gave one of the first copies of the icon to 庇護九世 This copy is preserved in the chapel of the Redemptorists Generalate in Rome On 5 May 1866 the image was granted a decree of by the 座堂主任牧師 of the 聖伯多祿大殿 in a solemn and official recognition of the Marian icon under that title The Latin Patriarch of Constantinople Cardinal executed the rite of coronation on 23 June 1867 The original icon remains under the care of the Redemptorist Fathers at the Church of St Alphonsus with the latest restoration of the icon having taken place in 1990 Restoration and Carbon dating In 1866 the icon underwent restoration by the Polish painter Leopold Nowotny 18221870 In 1990 the icon was taken down from its altar for new photography and image restoration commissioned by the General Government of Redemptorists The Redemptorist Order entered into contract with the Technical Department at the 梵蒂岡博物館 to restore the icon and prevent further fungal damage to the icon The restoration process involved X 射線，紅外線 scanning technical analysis of the paint and 紫外線 testing along with a 放射性碳定年法 which placed the icon between the year 13251480 Artistic analysis of the icon revealed that the facial structure of the icon was altered due to previous overpainting resulting in a combination of oriental and occidental features of the image Pontifical approbations 庇護九世 granted a Pontifical decree of to the original image along with its present title on 5 May 1866 The Latin Patriarch of Constantinople Cardinal executed the rite of coronation on 23 June 1867 庇護十二世 decreed this Marian title the Patroness of Haiti 1942 and 阿爾莫拉迪，西班牙 1945 Pope John Paul II granted a for the following venerated images In authorized by decree signed on 14 May 1994 The rite of coronation was executed in 26 June 1994 The venerated icon in 瓦多維採，the birthplace of the pope was crowned by his decree on 16 June 1999 方濟各 教宗 granted a Pontifical decree of coronation for the namesake image venerated in the monastery of the Redemptorist Order in 格利維採 on 22 June 2014 Marian cult and veneration Our Lady of Perpetual Help has been venerated across many cultures and thus bears several titles in different languages such as Mother of Perpetual Succour Unsere Liebe Frau von der immerwährenden Hilfe Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro NotreDame du Perpétuel Secours Mater del Perpetuo Succursu and Yna ng Laging Saklolo India On 8 September 1948 the Perpetual Succour Novena was started in a small way at at Mahim in the city of Mumbai India It all began in 1948 when Father Edward Fernandes who on his return from Europe having seen the devotion to Our Lady of Perpetual Succour at Belfast in Ireland brought back with him a picture one blessed by placing it upon the original picture in Rome The devotion spread fast and wide due to his evangelization efforts Father Edward Fernandes was transferred from in June 1950 Today from 6 in the morning to 10 at night streams of devotees pour in for 12 services held in English Konkani Marathi Hindi and Tamil These multilingual services testify to the immense popularity of the devotion In fact numerous parishes across the city such as have adopted this novena for the convenience of their parishioners Today seven decades later the devotion continues at The Philippines Our Lady of Perpetual Help is widely venerated by 菲律賓天主教 and 海外菲律賓人 communities A German copy of the icon is venerated in the 巴克拉蘭教堂 in 馬尼拉大都會 the countrys centre of devotion to the icon Since 1958 the Church has been authorized to remain open 24 hours a day Pope 若望保祿二世 once offered a at the shrine as 樞機，and later prayed before the icon during his first pastoral visit to the country in February 1981 The veneration of this icon is culturally unique to Philippine religiosity due to the absolute fact that all Catholic churches and petite chapels in the Philippines have a replica of the icon often enshrined in a Similar to the archetype of the 最後的晚餐 in a Filipino dining room this enshrinement has been a culture phenomenon unique to all Filipino Catholic shrines and churches even sometimes caricatured as a cultural 諷刺 The areas enshrined in this icon are either found in the entrance of a church a side altar or a freestanding chapel in a larger sized church Copies of the icon can also be found in countless houses businesses and even public utility vehiclesRelations Between Religions and Cultures in Southeast Asia Indonesian Philosophical Studies Every Wednesday many congregations hold services where they publicly recite the 玫瑰經 and along with a priest delivering and celebrating a in its honor Devotees today still use the same Novena booklet first published by 愛爾蘭島 Redemptorists who introduced the icon and its devotion to the Philippines in the early 1900s The Filipino Diaspora continue keeping the Wednesday Novena holding novena services in their respective parishes overseasReligion at the Corner of Bliss and Nirvana Politics Identity and Faith in New Migrant Communities In Saint John the Baptist Parish the feast of the image is held on April 27 instead of the usual liturgical date The 48 subchapels in the parish participate in the annual feast while every 27th month has each chapels respective congregations holding a procession of the icon This form of devotion began in 1923 when two missionary priests a Dutchman named Thomas and a German named Jorge brought the icon to the town The original icon can still be seen in a chapel of the parish its reverse bears a Latin inscription attesting to its dedication In the 新怡詩夏省 province Our Lady of Perpetual Help is widely venerated Yearly a firstclass relic is exposed to the faithful from June 18 until June 27 United States In 1878 the 永援聖母朝聖地聖殿 in 波士頓，obtained a certified copy of the icon being the first in the 美國 Between 1927 and 1935 the first American novena service dedicated to the icon was recited in in 聖路易斯 密蘇里州 and various other Redemptorist stations around the United States There is a shrine in Manhattan and at the 布魯克林永援聖母聖殿 and Ybor City Tampa Florida Patronage The town of Almoradí in the 巴倫西亞自治區 of 西班牙 invokes the patronage of Our Mother of Perpetual Help In 1918 the son of the Marquis of Ríoflorido José Carlos fell ill with 胸膜炎 His mother Lady Desamparado Fontes fed him a silk fabric cloth touched to the icon of Perpetual Help in Rome which resulted in instantaneous healing later claimed to be miraculous As a token of thanksgiving Fontes officially donated funds to begin the Confraternity of Almoradí On 29 May 1919 Our Lady of Perpetual Help was officially enthroned in Saint Andrews Parish as the official patroness of the town In 1945 庇護十二世 confirmed this patronage by a pontifical decree On its 50th anniversary in 1969 a public diocesan coronation of this image was held directed by the town mayor and its authorities with the crowns made by artist José David Our Lady of Perpetual Help is also the principal 主保聖人 of Haiti According to Roman Catholic 主教，former 埃利萊斯科 and his cabinet petitioned the 聖座 to make Our Mother of Perpetual Help the Patroness of Haiti in 1942 Many Haitians credit the Virgin Mary under this title with performing miracles to prevent a 天花 outbreak which ravaged the country in 1882 The Holy See approved the request for patronage under the Pontificate of 庇護十二世 Our Lady of Perpetual Help is also present in numerous Haitian public stamps used by the Office des Postes dHaiti In January 2010 本篤十六世 invoked Our Lady of Perpetual Help for Haitis earthquake relief through Archbishop Our Lady of Perpetual Help is also the patroness of the 天主教薩利納教區，堪薩斯州 in the United States of the 天主教米杜士堡教區 the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds in England and of the Catholic Diocese of IsseleUku in Nigeria 象徵 聖母頭巾上的星星：瑪利亞是光耀海星，帶著基督的光明來到這個黑暗的世界，引領我們穩渡世海安全停靠在天堂彼岸。 聖像畫的上半部左右處各描繪著拿著長槍和插著浸過醋的海綿的長竿，以及另一名拿著十字架和鐵釘的兩位天使。而二位天使頭上也各自有其名稱的希臘文縮寫。 聖母的臉部神情基於聖像畫傳統也各有象徵。小嘴代表無聲的回憶，她在聖經中所言不多。聖母大大的雙眼代表她足以看清我們所有的困苦，無論我們身在何處，她總是轉向我們。 紅色袍子，在基督生活的年代，是童貞女才能穿的顏色。深藍色的衣袍，在巴勒斯坦是母親穿的顏色。瑪利亞既是童貞又是母親故名 童貞聖母。 基督的聖手，手掌向下緊握聖母。代表救贖的恩寵經由聖母保持 諸寵中保。 希臘文 天主之母。 1867 年，應聖座的要求，金色皇冠結合於原始的畫像上，它代表了聖母顯現的諸多聖蹟，是 永援聖母 名稱的由來。 希臘文 耶穌基督。 聖母的左手完全支撐著耶穌，她是祂的母親，這隻手撫慰著任何有求於她的人。 耶穌腳底懸著的涼鞋，也許代表著，奉獻給聖母的（罪人的）靈魂，能在臨終時有最後一線希望把握基督（的救恩）。聖像的背景是金色的，象徵著天堂。耶穌和聖母在那裡受享寶座與榮光。服裝上閃耀的金色則象徵天堂的喜樂，這喜樂可以安撫人們的疲憊心靈。 參見 瑪利亞的稱號 耶穌的譜系 聖母瑪利亞 繪畫 聖母顯現 各地主保聖人列表 聖母論 聖母無染原罪（另參：原罪論） 聖母卒世童貞（另參：耶穌的血親） 聖母蒙召昇天 天主教中的聖母瑪利亞 聖母聖心 《玫瑰經》 《聖母經》 《又聖母經》 聖母軍 潔貞頌 尊主頌 又聖母經 聖母悼歌 註 參考 引文 來源 延伸閱讀 Ferrero Fabriciano The Story of an Icon The Full History Tradition and Spirituality of the Popular Icon of Our Mother of Perpetual Help Redemptorist Publications 2001 Milliner Matthew Mother of the Lamb The Story of a Gloabal Icon Fortress Press 2022 外部連結 Category 瑪利亞的稱號 Category 拜占庭藝術 Category 聖母瑪利亞相關繪畫作品 Perpetual Help Category 聖母子主題繪畫作品 Category 基督教肖像