中央倫敦鐵路（，CLR），又被稱為 兩便士地鐵，是倫敦歷史上一條深層地鐵線路，其路線相當於今日倫敦地鐵的中央線中部部分。 倫敦中央鐵路公司設立於 1889 年。在於 1895 年成功籌資後，中央線於 1896 年至 1900 年間完成施工。1913 年，倫敦中央鐵路被倫敦地鐵公司收購。開通初期的中央鐵路長達全部區間都位於地下，而且是複線鐵路；全程共有 13 個車站，西起牧羊叢，東至英格蘭銀行，而車輛段和供電站則位於西端終點站的北邊。在改建為環線的計劃被否決後，本線在 1908 年向西延長到了，又在 1912 年延長到了利物浦街車站。到 1920 年，本線又沿著大西部鐵路延長到了伊靈，里程也增加到了。 建造過程 籌劃 18891892 1889 年 11 月，中央倫敦鐵路釋出了一份關於的告示。相關法案隨後被展示於 1890 年的議會。法案建議修建一條地下電氣化鐵路；線路兩端起點分別位於貝斯沃特里的和口和倫敦城裡的威廉王街，經過貝斯沃特路、牛津街、、霍本、霍本高架橋、、齊普賽街和家禽街，並連線當時還在施工的城市及南倫敦鐵路 CSLR。車站則分別位於皇后路、大理石拱門、牛津圓環、托特納姆宮路、、、和威廉王街地下。 隧道的設計直徑為，由盾構機開鑿，再由鑄鐵板砌成；在車站區域，隧道的直徑會根據設計，在和之間變化。變電站和車輛段則選址在皇后路西側的一個的空地處。每個車站都將有從街面到地下站臺的液壓電梯。 然而，此計劃遭到了多方的反對。 大都會鐵路和的反對最為強烈。由於中央鐵路的走向與內環線相近，兩家公司擔心客流量會被分流。 倫敦市法團擔心施工會像 CSLR 的建造一樣，再次引起沉降，並影響路線周圍的建築。 聖保羅座堂的主任牧師和教士們擔心施工會損毀教堂的地基。 擔心隧道會損壞城市的排水系統。 最後法案雖然在下議院透過，卻被上議院否決。上議院建議推遲表決，直到 CSLR 開通，其運營情況得到評估之後。1890 年 11 月，CSLR 開通後，CLR 向次年的立法期間提交了一份新的法案。同時，線路西端也延長至牧羊叢的東側並經過和，而車輛段和供電站也改為的東側、終點站的北端。該線路西端被延長後可以運營到諾丁山高街即現在的諾丁山門站和荷蘭公園大道站下，最後到 Shepherds Bush 即現在的 Shepherds Bush Green 的東邊角落。線路的車庫和電站北重新安置在了 Wood Lane 站東邊作為北方終點。 The route was extended at the western end to run under Notting Hill High Street now Notting Hill Gate and Holland Park Avenue to end at the eastern corner of Shepherds Bush Green with the depot and power station site relocated to be north of the terminus on the east side of Wood Lane The westward extension of the route was inspired by the route of abandoned plans for the London Central Subway a subsurface railway that was briefly proposed in early 1890 to run directly below the roadway on a similar route to the CLR The eastern terminus was changed to Cornhill and the proposed Southampton Row station was replaced by one in Bloomsbury Intermediate stations were added at Lansdowne Road Notting Hill Gate Davies Street which the CLR planned to extend northwards to meet Oxford Street and at Chancery Lane The earlier plan to connect to the CSLR was dropped and the diameter of the CLRs tunnels was increased to This time the bill was approved by both Houses of Parliament and received Royal Assent on 1891 as the Central London Railway Act 1891 In November 1891 the CLR publicised another bill The eastern end of the line was rerouted northeast and extended to end under the Great Eastern Railways GERs terminus at Liverpool Street station with the Cornhill terminus dropped and a new station proposed at the Royal Exchange The proposals received assent as the Central London Railway Act 1892 on 1892 The money to build the CLR was obtained through a syndicate of financiers including Ernest Cassel Henry Oppenheim Darius Ogden Mills and members of the Rothschild family On 1894 the syndicate incorporated a contractor to construct the railway the Electric Traction Company Limited ETCL which agreed a construction cost of 2544000 approximately today plus 700000 in 4 per cent debenture stock When the syndicate offered 285000 CLR company shares for sale at 10 each in June 1895 only 14 per cent was bought by the British public which was cautious of such investments following failures of similar railway schemes Some shares were sold in Europe and the United States but the unsold remainder was bought by members of the syndicate or by the ETCL 建造 18961900 參考文獻 Category 倫敦地鐵 Category 威斯敏斯特市交通