華盛頓都會區交通局（，簡稱 WMATA ），又稱為 Metro，是一個橫跨兩州以及華盛頓哥倫比亞特區的政府組織，負責營運華盛頓都會區的交通服務。交通局由美國國會成立，作為華盛頓特區、馬裡蘭州以及維珍尼亞州的。 交通局設有華盛頓地鐵、以及服務。機構也是公私營合作當作的一部分，營運巴士服務。交通局還有自己的警隊，都會運輸警察局。 交通局的董事局分別有來自華盛頓特區、馬裡蘭州、維珍尼亞州以及美國聯邦政府的有投票權代表各兩名。每個地方政府也會委任兩名替補代表。交通局沒有徵稅部門，其資金投入和營運資助依賴地方政府。 除了繼續營運已有的服務以外，交通局亦參與地區交通規劃，並為其系統進一步擴充套件。這些專案包括地鐵銀線延長至杜勒斯機場、華盛頓特區電車在華盛頓特區和維珍尼亞州北部的路線，以及馬裡蘭州市郊輕軌紫線。 歷史 策劃與運作 Starting in the mid19th century the Washington area had been served by a variety of private bus lines and streetcar services including extensions of Northern Virginia trolleys Over time most were absorbed into the Capital Transit Company formed on December 1 1933 by the amalgamation of the Washington Railway Capital Traction and Washington Rapid Transit Financier Louis Wolfson acquired the company in 1949 but had his franchise revoked in 1955 amidst a crippling strike Congress then awarded a 20year concession to O Roy Chalk on the condition that he replace the citys remaining streetcars with buses by 1963 The company was thereafter known as DC Transit In that same year the Mass Transportation Survey attempted to forecast both freeway and mass transit systems sufficient to meet the needs of the Washington area in the year 1980 In 1959 the studys final report called for the construction of two rapid transit subway lines in downtown Washington Congress responded to the report by enacting the National Capital Transportation Act of 1960 to coordinate future transportation planning for the area The act created a new federal agency called the National Capital Transportation Agency NCTA However the 1959 report also called for extensive freeway construction within the District of Columbia Residents successfully lobbied for a moratorium on freeway construction in what became part of a movement called the freeway revolts The NCTAs November 1962 Transportation in the National Capital Region report included a proposal for an 89mile 143 km 793 million rail system The total cost of the proposed highway and rail system was less than the 1959 plan due to the elimination of controversial freeways The plan was supported by President Kennedy but opposed by highway advocates in Congress who reduced the rail system to only within the District of Columbia However that proposal was defeated in Congress shortly after President Kennedys death The Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 passed Congress which promised 66 federal funding for urban mass transportation projects Encouraged by the new act the NCTA recommended the formation of a private entity or a multistate authority to operate the system using more nonfederal funds On September 8 1965 President Johnson signed the National Capital Transportation Act of 1965 approving the construction of a rapid transit system The NCTA negotiated with Virginia Maryland and the District of Columbia for the formation of a new regional entity The authority was created by an interstate compact a special type of contract or agreement between one or more states Pursuant to the Compact Clause of the US Constitution any such compact must be approved by CongressAn interstate compact must either be explicitly or implicitly approved by Congress see Virginia v Tennessee 148 US 503 1893 After the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Compact was approved by the Maryland General Assembly in 1965 and passed through the Virginia General Assembly and Congress in 1966 WMATA was founded on February 20 1967 As a government agency the compact grants WMATA sovereign immunity by all three jurisdictions in which it operates and except for certain limited exceptions the authority cannot be successfully sued unless it waives immunity 295 F3d 36 Under the provisions of the compact the authority is legally incorporated in the District of Columbia where WMATA maintains its headquarters 地鐵建設與營運 WMATA broke ground for its train system in 1969 The first portion of the Metrorail system opened March 27 1976 connecting Farragut North to Rhode Island Avenue on the Red Line The of the original 83station system was completed on January 13 2001 with the opening of Green Lines segment from Anacostia to Branch Avenue WMATAs bus system is a successor to four privately owned bus companies While WMATAs original compact provided only for rail service by 1970 the need for reliable bus services to connect passengers to rail stations led to calls for authority to overhaul the entire bus system as well The compact was amended in 1971 allowing the authority to operate buses and take over bus companies After months of negotiation with Chalk failed to produce an agreed price on January 14 1973 WMATA condemned DC Transit and its sister company the Washington Virginia and Maryland Coach Company and acquired their assets for 382 million On February 4 it acquired the Alexandria Barcroft and Washington Transit Company which operated in Northern Virginia and the WMA Transit Company of Prince Georges County for 45 million While ABW and WMA Transit were in better financial condition than DC Transit their owners did not wish to compete with a publicly owned bus system and requested a takeover In 1979 an organization known as Metro 2001 Inc planned to write a history of the development of the Metro system for WMATA using such documents as Congressional hearing transcripts correspondence and maps However this plan known as the Metro History Project was abandoned in 1985 and materials that had been collected up until that point 19301984 were donated to George Washington University This collection of materials is currently under the care of GWUs Special Collections Research Center located in the Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library In 1998 Congress changed the name of the Washington National Airport to the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport though the law did not allocate money to implement the name change As a result WMATA did not change the name of the National Airport station which never included the full name of the airport In response to repeated inquiries from Republican congressmen that the station be renamed WMATA stated that stations are renamed only at the request of the local jurisdiction Since both Arlington County and the District of Columbia were controlled by Democrats the name change was blocked Finally in 2001 Congress made changing the stations name a condition of further federal funding 經濟大蕭條的影響 In response to a demand for immediate repayment of a 43 million debt WMATA sought a temporary restraining order against the KBC Bank Group KBC claimed that the WMATA was in technical default of a contract following the collapse of American International Group which had guaranteed the loan that KBC made to WMATA in 2002 The contract involved the sale to KBC of WMATAs rail cars which were then leased back to WMATA The transit agency asked for an injunction from the US District Court for the District of Columbia on October 29 2008 After three days of negotiations in federal court Judge Rosemary M Collyer announced a settlement on November 14 2008 WMATA had 14 similar lease agreements with other financial institutions when the KBC case went to trial Waivers were requested from the banks to allow WMATA time to replace AIG with another insurer or guarantees by the federal government In 2009 WMATA issued two new series of municipal bonds bringing its total outstanding bonds to 3909 million as of June 30 2010 This includes 55 million of Build America Bonds issued in 2009 under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 that are partially subsidized by the federal government However most of the systems debt is financed directly by each local jurisdiction In addition WMATA was authorized to receive 202 million in grants from the federal government for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act projects The funds are spent in 30 projects which include information technology facilities maintenance and vehicles and vehicle parts On January 14 2010 General Manager John B Catoe announced his resignation from Metro effective April 2 2010 He was replaced on April 3 2010 by Interim General Manager Richard Sarles Sarles became one of three finalists interviewing for the permanent position and later became the permanent General Manager on January 27 2011 Jack Requa became the Interim General Manager upon Sarles retirement January 16 2015 組織 董事會 WMATA was originally set up with a board of directors of twelve members Of those six were voting members and six were alternates In response to the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 the WMATA Compact was amended on August 19 2009 to allow the appointment of four additional board members by the federal government bringing the total to sixteen there were a total of sixteen board members eight voting members and eight alternates Virginia Maryland and the District had each appointed two voting members and two alternate members The Federal Government through the General Services Administration is authorized to appoint up to two voting and two alternate members but had appointed just two voting and one alternate members Board members serve without pay but may be reimbursed for actual expenses The board appoints a General Manager as CEO to supervise the daytoday operation of the Authority Under the terms of the Procedures for WMATA Board of Directors none of the individual board members including the chairman have any power to act regarding the operations of the Authority or to issue instructions to the General Manager or employees only the entire board as a body has the power to instruct the General Manager It states The authority of the Board of Directors is vested in the collective body and not in its individual Members Accordingly the Board in establishing or providing any policies orders guidance or instructions to the General Manager or WMATA staff shall act as a body No Member individually shall direct or supervise the General Manager or any WMATA employee or contractor The board approves WMATAs annual budget The budget is approximately 31 billion in fiscal year 2019 In fiscal year 2019 403 of revenues came from capital contributions 232 from passenger revenues 317 from local jurisdiction operating subsidies 35 from interest income 16 from advertising revenue 09 from rental revenue and 02 from other sources The WMATA board has the following standing committees Executive Finance and Capital Capital Strategic Planning and Safety and Operation The position of board chairman rotates between the three jurisdictions Article III Section 5 of the Compact specifies the method of appointment The Compact prohibits WMATA from paying board members However Maryland pays its voting board members 20000 per year and Virginia pays 50 per meeting The District of Columbia does not compensate its board members Jurisdiction Director Status Comments District of Columbia appointed by the Council of the District of Columbia Jack Evans principal member and chair Chair DC Committee on Finance and Revenue District of Columbia appointed by the Council of the District of Columbia Corbett Price principal member District of Columbia appointed by the Council of the District of Columbia Jeff Marootian alternate Director of DC Department of Transportation District of Columbia appointed by the Council of the District of Columbia Tom Bulger alternate President of Government Relations Inc Federal government appointed by the Secretary of Transportation David Horner principal member Federal government appointed by the Secretary of Transportation Steve McMillin principal member Federal government appointed by the Secretary of Transportation Robert C Lauby alternate Associate Administrator for Railroad Safety and Chief Safety Officer with the Federal Railroad Administration FRA Federal government appointed by the Secretary of Transportation Anthony Costa alternate General Services Administration Maryland appointed by the Washington Suburban Transit Commission Michael Goldman principal member Montgomery County Maryland appointed by the Washington Suburban Transit Commission Clarence Crawford principal member and 1st Vice Chair Prince Georges County Maryland appointed by the Washington Suburban Transit Commission Malcolm Augustine alternate Prince Georges County Maryland appointed by the Washington Suburban Transit Commission Kathy Porter alternate Montgomery County Virginia appointed by the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission Paul C Smedberg alternate ViceChairman of the Virginia Railway Express VRE Operations Board Virginia appointed by the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission Christian Dorsey principal member Arlington one of three Arlington commissioners of The Northern Virginia Transportation Commission NVTC Virginia appointed by the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission Cathy Hudgins alternate member Fairfax County Virginia appointed by the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission Jim Corcoran principal member and 2nd Vice Chair Commonwealth of Virginia President CEO of the Fairfax County Chamber of Commerce On February 17 2011 outgoing 201011 WMATA Board Chairman Peter Benjamin announced he was leaving the board and will be replaced by former Congressman Michael D Barnes On that date the new Governance Committee of the WMATA board which is chaired by Mary Hynes held its first meeting and established a work plan to develop a new relationship between the board and WMATA management The committee will draft new bylaws that will better define the role and term of the WMATA Board Chairman The Governance Committee will also draft a code of conduct for board members 管理 The General Manager is the chief executive officer of WMATA and leads all staff except that the General Counsel Inspector General and Board Secretary who report directly to the board WMATA has a Chief Safety Officer which reports to the general manager The safety of the system is independently reviewed by the TriState Oversight Committee and the National Transportation Safety Board On March 4 2010 the Federal Transit Administration issued an Audit of the State Safety Oversight SSO program overseeing Metro which criticised the SSO as being underfunded and poorly trained In response Virginia Maryland and the District of Columbia have increased their SSO funding and training for their employees responsible for safety oversight at Metro Jackson Graham a retired general in the Army Corps of Engineers who supervised the planning and initial construction of the Metrorail system was the first general manager Graham retired in 1976 and was replaced by Theodore C Lutz Richard S Page head of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration the name of the Federal Transit Administration until 1991 took over as general manager of WMATA in 1979 Page resigned in 1983 amid increasing financial difficulties for WMATA and was replaced by Carmen E Turner who served for seven years Former New York City Transit Authority chief David L Gunn took over as head of WMATA in 1991 followed by Lawrence G Reuter in 1994 and Richard A White in 1996 White led efforts to improve accountability and dialogue with passengers during 2005 This included independent audits town hall meetings online chats with White and other management officials and improved signage in stations White had three more years in his contract to work for Metro but had come under fire for mismanagement however he was also widely credited with saving the Metrobus system from collapse and with keeping Metro running during the terrorist attacks of Sept 11 2001 Despite these efforts however the Board of Directors dismissed White on January 11 2006 Dan Tangherlini replaced White as interim General Manager effective February 16 2006 Tangherlini was considered a leading candidate for Metros top job on a permanent basis before he resigned to work as DC City Administrator under Mayor Adrian Fenty On November 6 2006 Tangherlini was replaced as interim general manager by Jack Requa Metros chief bus manager John B Catoe Jr who was previously the Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority became the agencys eighth permanent General Manager on January 25 2007 He resigned three years later following the deadliest crash in the Metrorail systems history On April 3 2010 the Board of Directors appointed Richard Sarles former Executive Director of New Jersey Transit as interim General Manager Sarles 65 was offered the position of permanent General Manager but declined the appointment at that timeNews Report WRCTV Channel 4 News at 5 March 16 2010 However on January 27 2011 the Board announced that Sarles accepted the position as WMATAs permanent General Manager With Sarles retirement the post of General Manager was filled by Paul Wiedefeld on November 30 2015 On January 18 2022 WMATA announced that Paul Wiedefeld would be retiring from Metro in 6 months and WMATAs Board Of Directors will be conducting a national search for his replacement 區域協調 The agencys charter directs WMATA to create a unified regional transit system by coordinating other public and private agencies within its jurisdiction Examples of its coordination efforts include reducing unnecessary duplicate services by other local transit systems providing SmarTrip farecards for buses operated by other local transit agencies and adding local bus schedules and commuter rail routes such as Marylands MARC and Virginias VRE to WMATAs online Trip Planner guide 交通警察局 Congress established the Metro Transit Police Department MTPD on June 4 1976 MTPD police officers have jurisdiction and arrest powers for crimes that occur throughout the Transit Zone that includes Maryland Virginia and the District of Columbia 督察長 The Office of Inspector General was originally authorized by Board Resolution 200618 approved by the WMATA Board on April 20 2006 With the amendments enacted on August 19 2009 the Office of Inspector General became part of the WMATA Compact This change was one of the requirements for the 15 billion federal grant offered by the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 Helen Lew became the Metros first Inspector General on May 14 2007 establishing the WMATA Office of Inspector General Her appointment by the Board of Directors replaced the former Auditor Generals Office On April 17 2017 Geoffrey Cherrington replaced Lew who retired as Inspector General Unlike the Auditor General the Inspector General and his office report directly to the Board and are organizationally independent of WMATA management 服務 地鐵 Since opening in 1976 the Metrorail network has grown to include six lines 91 stations and of track It is the Secondbusiest rapid transit system in the United States in number of passenger trips after only the New York City Subway The record for daily ridership was 112 million on January 20 2009 the day of Barack Obamas first Presidential Inauguration followed by the Womens March on January 21 2017 with 1001613 trips In 2016 Metrorail had nearly 180 million trips Fares vary based on the distance traveled and the time of day Riders enter and exit the system using a proximity card known as SmarTrip SmarTrip cards can also be used on a smartphone through Apple Pay and Google Pay magnetic stripe tickets stopped being accepted on March 6 2016 Metrorails frequency of service and fares vary depending on the available subsidy the particular transit line and the distance traveled Metro offers parking for commuters at 44 Metrorail stations Most lots are on a firstcome firstserved basis and fill up quickly each day Thirtysix stations offer reserved parking with customers purchasing permits to park in specified spaces Four Metrorail stations Greenbelt Huntington FranconiaSpringfield and WiehleReston East have spaces reserved for multiday parking for up to ten days Parking fees are paid by SmarTrip card or credit card Cash payments are not accepted for parking fees 都會巴士 Metrobus fleet consists of 1505 buses covering an area of in Washington DC Maryland and Virginia There are 269 bus routes serving 11129 stops including 2554 bus shelters Metrobus had 1308 million trips in 2016 On a typical weekday it provides more than 400000 trips The route numbering represents its region of operation To differ the regions numbering system letters for Maryland routes appear before the route number and the ones for Virginia routes appear after it For example A12 serves Maryland and 17M serves Virginia 都會無障礙 MetroAccess is a paratransit service that WMATA provides through private contractors It began operation in May 1994 and since that time annual ridership has grown from 200000 to more than 24 million passengers MetroAccess operates 365 days a year providing doortodoor shared rides reserved from one to seven days in advance It is now the sixthlargest paratransit service in the United States with a fleet of more than 600 vehicles and more than 1000 employees WMATA staff determines eligibility to use the service in response to written applications The cost per passenger for MetroAccess is significantly higher than its fixedroute counterparts and Metro has worked to provide as many opportunities to encourage and facilitate the use of fixedroute transit by its customers with disabilities 交通藝術 WMATA includes art works at stations and sometimes on the trains Twentynine stations include artwork Funding for the art comes from several sources including the town in which the station is located the WMATA art program the Federal Transit Administration local art groups and some pieces are gifts or on loan A gallery of photos of the art works is shown here on the WMATA web site WMATA has asked riders to comment on the art in the stations to guide choices on future art installations 資金 Fares and other revenue fund 576 of the Metros daily operations while state and local governments fund the remaining 424 Since the Metros inception the federal government has provided grants for 65 of the systems capital costs Metrorail is unusual among major public transportation systems in having no dedicated source of funding Instead each year WMATA must ask each local jurisdiction to contribute funding which is determined by a formula that equally considers three factors population density as of the 2000 Census average weekday ridership number of stations in each jurisdiction Under this formula the District of Columbia contributes the greatest amount 375 followed by Prince Georges County 208 Montgomery County 166 Fairfax County 135 and 116 from all other jurisdictions From time to time a local jurisdiction will agree to subsidize a specific fare with the jurisdiction funding the cost of the subsidy in addition to its contribution under the above formula For example the District of Columbia subsidized the fares charged at Metrorail stations located in economically challenged neighborhoods The cost of Metrobus is allocated under a formula that considers the excess of expenses over revenues from specific bus routes The cost of MetroAccess is allocated under a different formula which divides MetroAccess costs by the number of trips requested by riders who reside in each jurisdiction In 2004 the Brookings Institution released a report entitled Deficits by Design that found the agencys serious budgetary challenges owe in large part to its problematic revenue base Most notably Brookings found that WMATAs extraordinary lack of dedicated funding sources has necessitated an overreliance on annually appropriated support that makes the agency vulnerable to perennial financial crises As a result the regions political and business leaders created a committee to look at new ways to fund the system including some type of dedicated tax Title VI of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 signed into law by President George W Bush on October 16 2008 authorized a grant of 15 billion over a 10year period for Metrorail capital maintenance projects The grant was contingent upon the establishment of dedicated revenue sources for the Metro by the Compact jurisdictions An amendment to the Metros Compact on August 19 2009 added the requirement for payments from dedicated funding sources by the Compacts participating jurisdictions In June 2010 Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell threatened to withhold Virginias WMATA funding unless the composition of WMATAs board is modified to allow Virginias Governor to appoint two of the four Virginia seats instead of the localities On June 17 2010 Federal Transit Administrator Peter Rogoff required a formal commitment from Virginia to match its share of the federal funds if the federal funding is to continue On July 1 2010 the WMATA Board of Directors agreed to provide matching funds without regard to McDonnells request for Board seats Based on this agreement the federal funds were reconfirmed and WMATA was able to proceed with a contract to purchase 428 new Metrorail cars McDonnell pressed for a Board seat again in 2011 and used his amendatory veto authority to amend the 201011 budget to require the NVTC to appoint someone of the Governors choosing to fill one of the NVTC seats on the WMATA Board In the course of considering a continuing resolution for federal fiscal year 2011 the US House of Representatives sought to defund all earmarks including the 150 million annual installment toward the 15 billion in federal matching funds On February 16 2011 Rep Gerry Connolly DVa offered an amendment to reallocate 150 million from farm subsidy payments to meet this obligation but the amendment was ruled out of order The suspension of the federal appropriation also calls into question the matching funds from the individual jurisdictions for capital projects On March 1 2010 Republican Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell wrote to Congress urging the continuation of the federal funds The continuing resolution for the remainder of 2011 ultimately included the federal matching funds On June 24 2010 WMATA adopted a sixyear capital spending plan totalling 5 billion The plan is funded by the 3 billion from the 2008 Act the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and increased funding from the participating jurisdictions The plan includes rebuilding much of its infrastructure for improved safety The NTSB had recommended replacing Metrorails oldest series of railcars as not crashworthy and the spending plan would replace those cars The 57 funding of WMATA from fares and other revenue compares with New York Citys Metropolitan Transportation Authority which receives 53 of its funding from fares and car tolls The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority receives of 318 of its funding from fares In an effort to gain revenues WMATA has started to allow retail ventures in Metrorail stations WMATA has authorized DVDrental vending machines and ticket booths for the Old Town Trolley Tours and is seeking additional retail tenants The WMATA staff preliminary budget for 201112 shows an 89 million operating deficit This deficit can be addressed by fare increases service reductions or increased subsidies from the participating local jurisdictions 爭議 安全性 In recent years WMATA has drawn criticism for a neglect of safety in both its rail and bus systems Problems include failures within the system designed to prevent train collisions and escalators failing or breaking apart while in service The National Transportation Safety Board NTSB has recommended that WMATA invest 1 billion in needed safety improvements A December 2008 report by the WMATA Inspector General documented that Metros System Safety and Risk Management Office was bypassed when changes were made to Metrorails operating procedures even though that offices review and approval was required as a matter of policy On June 22 2009 two Metrorail trains collided between the Takoma and Fort Totten Metro stations killing nine In February 2011 the National Transportation Safety Board conducted a public hearing during which witnesses testified about problems with the safety culture at WMATA The NTSBs final report on the accident commented that t he failure of WMATA engineers and technicians or managers to properly address track circuit anomalies is symptomatic of the larger safety culture issues within the organization Safety concerns have grown to the point that the regions Congressional delegation introduced the National Metro Safety Act of 2011 which would establish federal safety standards for heavy rail mass transit systems In response WMATA is replacing its track control system and ordered an immediate inspection of all of its escalators That inspection showed that over 10 percent of the escalators had faulty brakes The service state of elevators and escalators is of public concern WMATA posts a webpage that is updated daily to notify users of elevator and escalator outages WMATA makes track announcements that contradict industry safety standards encouraging passengers to stay clear of moving parts encouraging people to stand on one side and slowing the operating speed which has the effect of encouraging walking on the escalators Closedcircuit television cameras monitor every Metrobus and every Metrorail station 歧視 There have been claims of discrimination within WMATA over the years the WMATA workforce is composed of people from the following demographic groups Gender or race WMATA 2005 DC area 2006 Male 78 Female 22 Black 73 26 White 19 52 Hispanic 2 12 Asian 0 8 In 1990 Christine Townsend sued WMATA in the Washington federal district court on the basis of sexual discrimination She won with the court noting in the outcome of Townsend v Washington Metro Area Transit Auth that the WMATA explanation had many unexplained inconsistencies irregularities and holes Former Metro workers claim that WMATA consistently passes over nonblack applicants or workers for employment or promotion In May 2015 the WMATA board voted to ban advocacy advertising after the American Freedom Defense Initiative sought to purchase advertisements in five subway stations and on twenty buses depicting Muhammad The New York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority previously attempted to deny similar antiIslam ads by the AFDI but had their decision successfully challenged in court and subsequently voted to ban noncommercial advertising 未來擴充套件 WMATA and its local jurisdictions developed a sixyear 5 billion Capital Improvement Program CAP which took effect on July 1 2010 and expired on June 30 2016 Under CAP the local jurisdictions will fund capital projects through the sale of municipal bonds with matching funds provided by the federal government CAP projects include purchasing new rail cars rehabilitating three rail lines replacing three bus garages implementation of NTSB safety recommendations and purchasing new track maintenance equipment and overhauling Metrorail station elevators and escalators Metrorails newest line was given the colour silver The Silver Lines Phase I extended service to the Tysons Corner area of Virginia with further extension planned to Dulles Airport and Loudoun County Phase I through Tysons Corner to Reston at the WiehleReston East station opened July 26 2014 while Phase II to Dulles is expected to be completed in July 2022 No stations will be opened until the completion of each phase The Silver Line is financed through toll increases on the Dulles Toll Road as well as a 900 million federal grant and a special taxing district on adjacent commercial properties In contrast a proposed new 270million Potomac Yard station on the Blue and Yellow Lines north of Braddock Road is to be funded by a special taxing district that will cover commercial properties and perhaps residential properties as wellThe station will be opened in October 2022 There has also been speculation about an extension of the Green Line northward to Baltimores BWI Airport There was also talk of extending the Green either to National Harbor or to White Plains via Waldorf An extension from FranconiaSpringfield to Fort Belvoir is also a possibility due to the Base Realignment and Closure process which relocated thousands of area defense jobs at Fort Belvoir in 2012 While there has been much discussion about all of these extensions none are in any official planning stage There as also been plans to extend the Orange Line to Centreville and Bowie Regarding Metrobus improvements former General Manager Sarles reported Bus service will benefit from new technology that integrates fare box destination signage and next bus systems to improve our reliability and customer information delivery And we will begin work in certain priority bus corridors that will deliver faster travel times for bus customers Additionally I look forward to working with the District of Columbia on potential bus rapid transit service improvements such as curb running and signal preference to make bus service even more attractive efficient and an even more powerful antidote to traffic congestion 能效舉措 WMATA reached an agreement in 2013 with the sustainable lighting division at Philips Electronics North America to switch to LEDs at no upfront cost WMATA and Philips agreed to a tenyear maintenance contract through the 2 million savings the LEDs will provide each year 參見 華盛頓地鐵 SmarTrip 使用地鐵交通和地鐵停車的支付系統 參考資料 參考文獻 外部連結 Library holdings of books maps etc relating to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority WMATA Guide To The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Metro History Project Collection 19301984 Special Collections Research Center Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library The George Washington University Category 美國交通局 Category 美國地鐵 Category1967 年華盛頓特區建立 Category 美國州際機構