語言均一化（英語：dialect leveling；西班牙語：nivelación lingüística），指某地區某語系的各種方言間變得相似或均一的過程，通常由某種方言被明顯的淘汰而促成，從而使該地區各語言間更容易理解並更整齊劃一。 基本概念 從一方面看，在這過程中，可能導致理解上問題的不同語言表達形式得到簡化，其變體也減少。這變化是漸進的，在其徹底完成之前，社會環境各變體共存。 從另一方面看，均一化同時還指具體單詞的語法形態變化，旨在使各種形態趨於規則。 具體案例 1561 年確認馬德里為西班牙首都後，全國各地的移民湧入（主要來自北部），並且均有其方言。馬德里人和來自南部的移民在清齒擦音和濁齒擦音間產生分歧，而來自北部（巴斯克以及加利西亞地區）的移民已棄用濁噝音。這兩種發音使語言變得均一。從音韻學角度出發，這兩種發音難以分辨而且只有少部分人使用，過程完成後，三個濁噝音棄用。 清音 濁音 硬顎擦音 ʃ caxa ʒ muger 齒齦擦音 s passo z casa 齒擦音 θ caça ð dezir 參考文獻 Anderson Bridget 2002 Dialect leveling and aimonophthongization among African American Detroiters Journal of Sociolinguistics 6 1 8698 Bloomfield L 1933 Language New York H Holt and Company Britain David 1997 Dialect Contact and Phonological Reallocation Canadian Raising in the English Fens Language in Society 26 1 1546 Chambers J K Trudgill P 1980 Dialectology Cambridge England Cambridge University Press Cheshire Jenny Ann Gillett Paul Kerswill and Ann Williams 1999 The role of adolescents in dialect levelling Final report submitted to the Economic and Social Research Council Fitzmaurice Susan M 2000 The Great Leveler The Role of the Spoken Media in Stylistic Shift From the Colloquial to the Conventional American Speech 75 1 5468 Gibson Maik Dialect Levelling in Tunisian Arabic Towards a New Spoken Standard Language Contact and Language Conflict in Arabic Aleya Rouchdy Routledge 2003 Hinskens Frans 1998 Dialect Levelling A Twodimensional Process Folia Linguistica 32 12 3552 Hinskens Frans ed 1996 Dialect levelling in Limburg Structural and sociolinguistic aspects Linguistische Arbeiten Hsu Huiju and John Kwockping Tse The Tonal Leveling of Taiwan Mandarin A Study in Taipei Concentric Studies in Linguistics 35 no 2 2009 225244 Kerswill Paul 2001 Mobility meritocracy and dialect levelling the fading and phasing out of Received Pronunciation British studies in the new millennium the challenge of the grassroots University of Tartu Tartu Kristensen Kjeld and Mats Thelander 1984 On dialect levelling in Denmark and Sweden Folia Linguistica 28 12 223246 Lefebvre C 1998 Creole genesis and the acquisition of grammar The case of Haitian creole Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press Lefebvre Claire 2004 The relexification account of creole genesis The case of Haitian Creole Issues in the Study of Pidgin and Creole Languages Lefebvre Claire ed AmsterdamPhiladelphia John Benjamins pp 59180 Miller Michael I 1987 Three Changing Verbs Bite Ride and Shrink Journal of English Linguistics 20 1 312 Schøning Signe Wedel and Inge Lise Pedersen 2009 Vinderup in Real Time A Showcase of Dialect Levelling ed by Dufresne Monique Fernande Dupuis and Etleva Vocaj 233244 Siegel J 1985 Koines and koineization Language in Society 143 35778 Siegel Jeff 1997 Mixing Levelling and pidgincreole development In A Spears and D Winford eds The structure and status of pidgins and creoles Amsterdam John Benjamins 11149 Trudgill Peter Elizabeth Gordon Gillian Lewis and Margaret MacLagan 2000 Determinism in newdialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English Journal of Linguistics 36 2 299318 Cambridge Cambridge University Press Twaddell William F 1959 Standard German Urbanization and Standard Language A Symposium Presented at the 1958 Meetings of the American Anthropological Association Anthropological Linguistics 1 3 17 Wrong Margaret 1942 Ibo Dialects and the Development of a Common Language Journal of the Royal African Society 41 163 139141 註釋 Category 語言學