馬科斯加維（；）Encyclopædia Britannica Online Marcus Garvey profile Retrieved 20 February 2008 是 20 世紀初牙買加的政治家、出版商、記者、企業家和演說家，為的創始人。他是黑人民族主義者和泛非主義者，被認定為黑人民族主義先驅。他的政治思想被稱為加維主義。 生平 他出生於牙買加，在牙買加建立了，該協會分支機構最多時達到 30 多個，分佈在美國和加勒比國家。還創辦了黑人報紙、各種型別的商店、黑星輪船公司。他鼓吹黑人重返非洲，激發黑人種族自豪感。憑藉傑出的演講能力，贏得了中下層黑人的擁護。 參考文獻 參考書目 The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey Edited by Amy Jacques Garvey 412 pages Majority Press Centennial edition 1 November 1986 ISBN 0912469242 Avery edition ISBN 0405018738 Message to the People The Course of African Philosophy by Marcus Garvey Edited by Tony Martin Foreword by Hon Charles L James president general Universal Negro Improvement Association 212 pages Majority Press 1 March 1986 ISBN 0912469196 The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey Compiled and edited by Tony Martin 123 pages Majority Press 1 June 1983 ISBN 0912469021 Hill Robert A editor The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vols IVII IX University of California Press ca 1983 ongoing 1146 pages University of California Press 1 May 1991 ISBN 0520072081 Hill Robert A editor The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Africa for the Africans 19211922 740 pages University of California Press 1 February 1996 ISBN 0520202112 Burkett Randall K Garveyism as a Religious Movement The Institutionalization of a Black Civil Religion Metuchen NJ Scarecrow Press and American Theological Library Association 1978 Campbell Horace Rasta and Resistance From Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney Trenton NJ Africa World Press 1987 Clarke John Henrik editor Marcus Garvey and the Vision of Africa With assistance from Amy Jacques Garvey New York Vintage Books 1974 Cronon Edmund David Black Moses The Story of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1955 reprinted 1969 and 2007 Garvey Amy Jacques Garvey and Garveyism London CollierMacMillan 1963 1968 Grant Colin Negro with a Hat The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey and his Dream of Mother Africa London Jonathan Cape 2008 Hill Robert A editor Marcus Garvey Life and Lessons A Centennial Companion to the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Berkeley University of California Press 1987 Hill Robert A The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vols IVII IX University of California Press ca 1983 ongoing James Winston Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia Caribbean Radicalism in Early TwentiethCentury America London Verso 1998 Kornweibel Jr Theodore Seeing Red Federal Campaigns Against Black Militancy 19191925 Bloomington and Indianapolis Indiana University Press 1998 Lemelle Sidney and Robin D G Kelley Imagining Home Class Culture and Nationalism in the African Diaspora London Verso 1994 Lewis Rupert Marcus Garvey AntiColonial Champion Trenton NJ Africa World Press 1988 Lewis Rupert and Bryan Patrick eds Garvey His Work and Impact Mona Jamaica Institute of Social and Economic Research 1988 Lewis Rupert and Maureen WarnerLewis Garvey Africa Europe The Americas Trenton NJ Africa World Press 1986 1994 Manoedi M Korete Garvey and Africa New York New York Age Press 1922 Martin Tony Race First The Ideological and Organizational Struggle of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association Westport Conn Greenwood Press 1976 Martin Tony Literary Garveyism Garvey Black Arts and the Harlem Renaissance Dover Mass Majority Press 1983 Martin Tony African Fundamentalism A Literary and Cultural Anthology of Garveys Harlem Renaissance Dover Mass Majority Press 1983 1991 Martin Tony Marcus Garvey Hero Dover Mass Majority Press 1983 Martin Tony The PanAfrican Connection From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond Dover Mass Majority Press 1983 Martin Tony The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey Dover Mass Majority Press 1983 SmithIrvin Jeannette Marcus Garveys Footsoldiers of the Universal Negro Improvement Association Trenton NJ Africa World Press 1989 Solomon Mark The Cry Was Unity Communists and AfricanAmericans 19171936 Jackson MS University Press of Mississippi 1998 Stein Judith The World of Marcus Garvey Race and Class in Modern Society Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press 1986 Tolbert Emory J The UNIA and Black Los Angeles Los Angeles Center of AfroAmerican Studies University of California 1980 Vincent Theodore Black Power and the Garvey Movement Berkeley Calif Ramparts Press 1971 Marcus Garvey A Controversial Figure in the History of PanAfricanism by Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini for the Journal of Pan African Studies 外部連結 Garveys Legacy in Context Colourism Black Movements and African Nationalism Marcus Garvey Look for Me in the Whirlwind PBS documentary film Marcus Garvey website UNIA website Marcus Garvey economic principles Marcus Garvey speaks text and audio Poem Ras Nasibu of the Ogaden Category 牙買加政治人物 Category 非洲裔美國人歷史 Category 泛非主義者 Category 罹患中風逝世者 Category 倫敦大學伯貝克學院校友