在整個蘇聯的歷史中，東正教等基督教各宗派及其團體都受到壓制和迫害，只是隨著時期不同而程度有別。這種迫害有著馬克思列寧主義和無神論的治國方針的內因，在這種理論的驅使下，蘇聯政府一直主張對宗教採取控制、打壓甚至消滅的手段。 共產黨員出於消滅宗教的偏執 Daniel Wallace L Father Aleksandr men and the struggle to recover Russias heritage Demokratizatsiya 171 2009 Froese Paul I am an atheist and a Muslim Islam communism and ideological competition Journal of Church and State 473 2005，蘇聯政府對教堂、清真寺和猶太教堂進行大量平毀。政府還透過各種手段嘲笑、騷擾和處決宗教領袖，在學校和媒體大量宣傳無神論的聲音，說無神論是社會唯一應當信奉的真理 Paul Froese Forced Secularization in Soviet Russia Why an Atheistic Monopoly Failed Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion Vol 43 No 1 Mar 2004 pp 3550Haskins Ekaterina V Russias postcommunist past the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the reimagining of national identity History and Memory Studies in Representation of the Past 211 2009。 James M Nelson 估計蘇聯的國家無神論政策下被消滅的基督徒大約在一千二百到二千萬之間Estimates of the total number all Christian martyrs in the former Soviet Union are about 12 million James M Nelson Psychology Religion and Spirituality Springer 2009 ISBN 0387875727 p 427In all it is estimated that some 15 to 20 million Christians were martyred under the Soviet regime David Barrett World Christian Trends Pasadena William Carey Library 2001 cited by David Taylor 21 Signs of His Coming Major Biblical Prophecies Being Fulfilled In Our Generation Taylor Publishing Group 2009 ISBN 097629334X p 220over 20 million were martyred in Soviet prison camps Todd M Johnson Christian Martyrdom A global demographic assessment p 4。 但是，在相當多的人群當中仍在持續著宗教行為，它們不僅存在於私人空間也存在於政府允許的有限公共空間裡，這些公共空間是政府在意識到不可能根除宗教，強行蠻幹只會惹來無窮的文化戰爭後給予的。John Shelton Curtis The Russian Church and the Soviet State Boston Little Brown 1953 Jane Ellis The Russian Orthodox Church A Contemporary History Bloomington Indiana University Press 1986 Dimitry V Pospielovsky The Russian Church Under the Soviet Regime 19171982 St Vladimirs Seminary Press 1984 idem A History of MarxistLeninist Atheism and Soviet AntiReligious Policies New York St Martins Press 1987 Glennys Young Power and the Sacred in Revolutionary Russia Religious Activists in the Village University Park Pennsylvania State University Press 1997 Daniel Peris Storming the Heavens The Soviet League of the Militant Godless Ithaca Cornell University Press 1998 William B Husband Godless Communists Atheism and Society in Soviet Russia DeKalb Northern Illinois University Press 2000 Edward Roslof Red Priests Renovationism Russian Orthodoxy and Revolution 19051946 Bloomington Indiana 2002 參考文獻 引用 來源 And God Created Lenin Marxism vs Religion in Russia 19171929 Author Paul Gabel ISBN 1591023068 Storming the Heavens The Soviet League of the Militant Godless Author Daniel Peris Publisher Cornell University Press ISBN 0801434858 ISBN 9780801434853 The Plot to Kill God Findings from the Soviet Experiment in Secularization Author Paul Froese Publisher University of California Press ISBN 0520255291 ISBN 9780520255296 Religion and the State in Russia and China Suppression Survival and Revival Author Christopher Marsh ISBN 1441112472 ISBN 9781441112477 Russian Society and the Orthodox Church Religion in Russia after Communism Author Zoe Knox Publisher Routledge August 13 2009 ISBN 0415546168 ISBN 9780415546164 Godless communists atheism and society in Soviet Russia 19171932 Author William Husband Publisher Northern Illinois University Press ISBN 0875802575 ISBN 9780875802572 Secularism Soviet Style Teaching Atheism and Religion in a Volga Republic Author Sonja Luehrmann Publisher Indiana University Press ISBN 0253356989 ISBN 9780253356987 Doubt Atheism and the NineteenthCentury Russian Intelligentsia Author Victoria Frede Publisher University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 0299284441 ISBN 9780299284442 After Atheism Religion and Ethnicity in Russia and Central Asia Caucasus World Author David C Lewis Publisher Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 0312226926 ISBN 9780312226923 Russian Orthodoxy on the Eve of Revolution Author Vera Shevzov Oxford University Press USA ISBN 0195335473 ISBN 9780195335477 The Heart of Russia TrinitySergius Monasticism and Society after 1825 Author Scott M Kenworthy Oxford University Press USA ISBN 9780199736133 State Secularism and Lived Religion in Soviet Russia and Ukraine Editor Catherine Wanner Oxford University Press USA ISBN 9780199937639 外部連結 Lenins letter to Molotov on Shuia crisis Letters of Metropolitan Sergii of Vilnius Butovo site of mass executions of Orthodox Clergy One thousand of those killed here are known to have died for their Orthodox faith Post Soviet challenges for the Russian Orthodox Church Library of Congress articles on the Soviet archives Link to Russian Archives НЕ Емельянов Оценка статистики гонений на Русскую Православную Церковь 19171952 годы Category 斯大林主義 Category 俄國內戰 Category 蘇聯基督教 Category 宗教歧視 Category 蘇聯政治迫害