貓糧是貓吃的食物。 貓是肉食性動物，對飲食有著特定的營養需求。某些營養成分，包括多種維生素和氨基酸，會因為製造過程中的溫度、壓強和化學處理而被降低有效成分，因此必須在製造後再新增，以免破壞營養成分而導致營養缺乏。Howell E Food Enzymes for Health Longevity Woodstock Valley CT US Omangod Press xx 1980 Perry T Whats really for dinner The truth about commercial pet food The Animals Agenda 1996 Nov Dec 例如，在肉類中被發現的胺基牛磺酸，在加工過程中會被降解，因此，合成牛磺酸通常是後期新增的。長期的牛磺酸缺乏，例如長期餵食缺乏牛磺酸的狗糧，可能會導致視網膜變性，失明和心臟損害。 歷史 相比狗而言（參見狗餅乾和狗糧），為貓準備專門食物的觀點後來才出現。這很可能是出於貓能易於謀生的看法。1837 年，一位法國作家批評這個觀點： 1844 年，另一位法國作家解釋這個觀點： 好貓獵得多，吃得少。 他繼續說明。當貓以捕鼠為樂甚於覓食時，期望一隻貓於狩獵生存是多麼不合理。 1876 年，Gordon Stables 強調給與貓特定食物的必要： In the same year an advertisement for Spratt better known for making dog food said that their cat food entirely superseded the unwholesome practice of feeding on boiled horse flesh keeps the cat in perfect healthad for Spratts httpbooksgooglecombooksid5ANAAAAQAAJpgPP8dqcatfood22catfood22lras_drrb_isbas_minm_is0as_miny_is1850as_maxm_is0as_maxy_is1880num100as_brr0cd26vonepageqcat20food2022cat20food22ffalse And in another book on cats Stables recommended the companys food Spratt which began by making dog biscuits appears to also have been the first commercial producer of cat food During the 19th century and early20th centuries meat for cats and dogs in London frequently Horse meat was sold from barrows handcarts by itinerant traders known as Cats Meat Men 商業貓糧 大多數店售的貓糧是乾的，在美國也被稱為 kibble，或溼罐裝的形式。有些生產商銷售冷凍原料飼料和預混料產品，以迎合那些自制貓糧的貓主們的需要。 乾糧 leftthumb 經擠壓成型的幹貓糧 乾糧（水分 810）通常由高熱量和壓力下擠壓蒸煮，又或為熱風乾燥、急凍乾燥製成。主要成分為各式澱粉跟及植物蛋白（玉米、穀物、大豆、其他類澱粉，因產品型態至少佔 3040），混合肉類蛋白質、動物油脂、香料，以增加適口性，和其他的微量成分，其中對熱敏感的維生素，在擠出過程中可能被破壞，可能適度增加份量。另外會新增天然或人工防腐劑，用以增加儲存期限。餵食乾糧需訓練貓會自行配合飲水。 溼糧 罐頭或溼糧（溼度 7578）通常是 3 盎司（85 克），55 盎司（156 克），13 盎司（369 克）的規格。也會以鋁箔袋的形式出售。 採用濕食是增加寵物動物性蛋白質 肉品、接近其原始需求食物及攝取飲水量的有效方法之一，可降低寵物因新鮮蛋白質吸收不足、缺水而罹患疾病（如慢性腎衰竭、尿結石）的風險。以貓來說，一隻貓每天所需的水分，每公斤（體重）就需要 60 毫升的水分，若以罐頭或正常肉品為主食，就已攝取了 93％每天所需水分；反之，若主食為僅含 10 水分的乾飼料，一隻 4 公斤的貓，還需要自發性的喝 200 毫升的水，然而由於貓的口渴機制並不發達，如乾糧餵食比例過高，即使會自行飲水的貓往往依然會因此缺水，且增加貓隻腸胃負擔及身心壓力。 素食或純素食品 目前有素食和純素食的貓糧銷售。貓為肉食動物，不能從植物食品中合成這些養分，如牛磺酸和花生四烯酸，故長期食用可能將對貓產生負面效果。Nutrient Requirements of Cats National Academies Press Pg 30 ISBN 9780309036825 有些素食貓糧品牌都標有其製造商遵循 AAFCO 貓糧營養標準。 包裝及標示 在美國，貓食要標示為「營養均衡」必需在營養成分或飼餵試驗中達到由為美國飼料品管協會 AAFCO 定立的營養標準，貓食的營養標準是在 1992 年建立、並在 1995 年由美國飼料品管協會 AAFCO 的貓科動物營養專家小組委員會修改而成。 修正版取代了之前美國國家研究委員會 NRC 定立的準則，取代了某些製造商使用的高階、超高階、自然、和完整等無明確定義的廣告口號。 臺灣的農委會有關寵物食品的標示規定來自動物保護法，規定應用中文及通用符號於包裝、容器、說明書上標示：品名、淨重、容量、原料、新增物、營養成分及含量、製造加工業者之名稱和地址及原產地、有效儲存期限還有條件及方法、適用寵物種類等注意事項。 在寵物食品認證方面，目前臺灣有「SNQ」國家品質標章。 能量需求 成年貓的能量需求範圍是，懶貓每天每公斤體重消耗 6070 千卡的代謝能量，活潑的則要消耗 8090 千卡。5 周齡的小貓要 250 千卡。隨著年齡的增長，30 周到 50 周成年的需求下降至 100 千卡。懷孕的母貓需要約 90100 千卡，哺乳期的母貓需要 90270 千卡視產崽數量而定。 營養和功能 維生素缺乏可導致廣泛的臨床異常反映其代謝作用的多樣性。十二種礦物質被稱為是貓科動物的必需營養素。鈣，磷是強健骨骼和牙齒的關鍵。貓需要其他礦物質，如鎂，鉀，鈉，神經衝動的傳遞，肌肉收縮，細胞訊號轉導。許多礦物質在體內的微量存在，包括硒，銅，鉬，作為傭工多種酶促反應。 下表列出 AAFCO 貓糧營養比例，根據國家研究委員會在貓所需的維生素和礦物質營養的角色。 飲食和疾病 素食和純素食飲食 素食或為貓準備的素食是有爭議的。據美國國家科學研究委員會稱，貓需要特定的營養，而不是特定的飼料（Cats require specific nutrients not specific feedstuffs） 。國際素食聯盟 FAQ The International Vegetarian Union，素食協會 Vegan Society 和 PETA The Cat GuideMeatless Meals for Dogs and Cats PETA 是一些支援貓的素食和純素食飲食的組織。不推薦喂貓吃素食， Selecting a Commercial Pet Food Born FreeAnimal Protection Institute，美國愛護動物協會也不推薦這麼做。 Nutrition Q A Vegetarian Diets for Dogs ASPCA Vegan or vegetarian diets for cats are controversial According to the United States National Research Council Cats require specific nutrients not specific feedstuffs The International Vegetarian Union the Vegan Society Vegan Society and PETA The Cat Guide are some of the organizations that support a vegan or vegetarian diet for cats The Animal Protection Institute does not recommend a vegetarian diet for cats Selecting a Commercial Pet Food Born FreeAnimal Protection Institute and neither does the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ASPCA Nutrition Q A Vegetarian Diets for Dogs ASPCA Not all animal advocacy groups take a firm position either way The Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights now Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association accepts that it is possible for a plantbased diet to be nutritionally adequate but stated in August 2006 that such diets cannot at this time be reliably assuredAVAR position statements Vegan and Vegetarian Cat and Dog Food Diets Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights This position was based on a 2004 study demonstrating that of two commercially available vegetarian cat diets tested both were nutritionally deficient The formulation error in one of these diets was promptly identified and corrected Nevertheless it remains likely that formulation errors will result in nutritional deficiencies in a wide range of commercially available diets from time to time whether meatbased vegetarian or vegan Hence regular at least annual veterinary checkups of all companion animals is recommended and brands may be occasionally varied In 2006 the first study of the health of a population of longterm vegetarian cats was published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Most of the cats were fed a commerciallyavailable vegan diet though 35 were allowed outdoors The study consisted of telephone questionnaires of the caregivers of 32 cats and analysis of blood samples from some of them The blood samples were tested for taurine and cobalamin deficiencies Cobalamin levels were normal in all cats Taurine levels were low in 3 out of 17 cats tested but not low enough to be considered deficient 97 of the caregivers perceived their cats to be healthy including those with low taurine levels 家庭自製貓糧 部分寵物飼主用家庭自製的食物來餵貓。食品的形式包括煮熟或生的肉類、骨頭、蔬菜以及補充品（如牛磺酸、維生素），許多自製家庭貓糧依照 BARF 生食的食譜製作，生食食譜提供了多樣的選擇讓飼主能依其製作來盡量符合天然飲食需求的成分，但有研究指出 BARF 食譜中至少 95 種裡有 60 被發現在鈣、磷、維生素 D、碘、鋅、銅或維生素 A 的一種或多種組合上營養失衡。 雙酚 A 一份 2004 年的研究報告顯示，罐裝食品外包裝含有雙酚 A 跟甲亢貓有關。 食物過敏 食物過敏是一種非季節性的疾病，症狀出現在腸胃或皮膚上。主訴情況是瘙癢造成的過度抓傷，通常用類固醇消炎藥的治療效果有限。目前尚未知道如何完全避免貓的食物過敏。 貓若有其他過敏性疾病、跳蚤過敏，有 2030 會併發食物過敏。 對抗食物過敏比較可靠的方式只能透過採低敏飲食。 要知道哪些是致敏性食物必需靠「過敏檢測」，治療方式包括避免接觸食用過敏成分。 營養失調 用非常規方式餵食是造成營養失調的主因，僅食用淡水魚容易出現硫胺素缺乏，僅餵食肝臟可能會有維生素 A 中毒，貓飲食中若只有肉類可能會造成磷及蛋白質過量還有鈣、維生素 E 和微量礦物質（如銅，鋅和鉀）缺乏。 補充熱量需求的同時也要注意其他營養素的補充。 使用植物油來保持熱量平衡可能會令貓失去胃口。 貓糧召回 The broad pet food recalls starting in March 2007 came in response to reports of renal failure in pets consuming mostly wet pet foods made with wheat gluten from a single Chinese company beginning in February 2007 Overall several major companies recalled more than 100 brands of pet foods with most of the recalled product coming from Menu Foods The most likely cause according to the FDA is the presence of melamine in the wheat gluten of the affected foods Melamine is known to falsely inflate the protein content rating of substances in laboratory tests The economic impact on the pet food market has been extensive with Menu Foods alone losing roughly 30 Million from the recall 營養成分表 美國飼料控制協會（Association of American Feed Control Officials AAFCO）貓糧營養表 a 維生素和礦物質的作用 營養素 單位（幹物質為基礎） 生長和繁殖的最小值 成年需求的最低值 最大值 功能 缺乏 過量的反應 蛋白質 300 260 精氨酸 125 104 組氨酸 031 031 異亮氨酸 052 052 亮氨酸 125 125 賴氨酸 120 083 蛋氨酸 胱氨酸 110 110 蛋氨酸 062 062 150 苯丙氨酸 酪氨酸 088 088 苯丙氨酸 042 042 蘇氨酸 073 073 色氨酸 025 016 纈氨酸 062 062 脂肪 SUPbSUP 90 90 亞油酸 05 05 花生四烯酸 002 002 礦物質 礦物質 礦物質 礦物質 礦物質 礦物質 礦物質 鈣 10 06 形成骨骼和牙齒 血液凝固 神經衝動的傳遞 肌肉收縮 細胞訊號轉導 缺乏 營養繼發性甲狀旁腺功能亢進 骨礦含量丟失，這會導致崩潰，腰椎和骨盆彎曲 骨痛，可進展為病理性骨折 過量 抑鬱症的食物的攝入量 生長下降 增加骨密度 需要增加鎂 磷 08 05 骨骼結構 DNA 和 RNA 的結構 能量代謝 運動 酸鹼平衡 缺乏 溶血性貧血 運動功能障礙 代謝性酸中毒 鉀 06 06 酸鹼平衡 神經衝動的傳遞 酶反應 傳輸功能 缺乏 厭食症 生長遲緩 神經系統疾病，包括共濟失調和嚴重的肌肉無力 鈉 02 02 酸鹼平衡 調節滲透壓 神經衝動的產生和傳輸 缺乏 厭食症 增長受損 口渴和飲用水 排尿過多 氯 氯化物 03 03 酸鹼平衡 細胞外液的滲透壓 缺乏 腎液中鈉離子濃度增加 多餘的鉀排洩 鎂 c 008 004 酶功能 肌肉和神經細胞膜的穩定性 激素的分泌和功能 礦物結構的骨骼和牙齒 缺乏 生長緩慢 腕關節的過度使用 肌肉顫搐 抽搐 過量 尿酸過高產生尿路結石 鐵 d mgkg 800 800 血紅蛋白和肌紅蛋白的合成 能量代謝 缺乏 生長緩慢 粘膜蒼白 昏睡 虛弱 腹瀉 過量 嘔吐和腹瀉 銅 膨化食品 e mgkg 150 50 結締組織形成 鐵代謝 造血細胞的形成 黑色素的形成 髓鞘的形成 防禦氧化損傷 缺乏 減少體重增加 受孕困難 銅 罐頭食品 e mgkg 50 50 結締組織形成 鐵代謝 造血細胞的形成 黑色素的形成 髓鞘的形成 防禦氧化損傷 缺乏 減少體重增加 受孕困難 錳 mgkg 75 75 酶功能 骨骼發育 神經功能 沒有貓缺乏時的相關研究 鋅 mgkg 750 750 20000 酶反應 細胞複製 蛋白質和碳水化合物的代謝 皮膚功能 傷口癒合 缺乏 皮膚病變 生長遲緩 睪丸損傷 碘 mgkg 035 035 甲狀腺激素的合成 細胞分化 幼犬的生長和發育 調節代謝率 缺乏 甲狀腺腺體腫大 過量 過度流淚，流涎，鼻涕 頭皮 硒 mgkg 01 01 防禦氧化損傷 免疫反應 沒有貓缺乏時的相關研究 維生素 維生素 維生素 維生素 維生素 維生素 維生素 維生素 A IUkg 90000 50000 7500000 視力 生長 免疫功能 胎兒發育 細胞分化 跨膜蛋白轉移 缺乏 結膜炎 白內障，視網膜變性等眼部問題 減肥 肌肉無力 生殖和發育障礙 過量 小貓的骨骼病變，尤其是頸椎骨質增生 骨質疏鬆 維生素 D IUkg 7500 5000 100000 維護礦物質水平 骨骼結構 肌肉收縮 血液凝固 神經傳導 細胞訊號轉導 磷平衡 不足 佝僂病 骨骼發育異常 進行性癱瘓 共濟失調 缺乏疏導 體重和食物攝入量的減少 多餘的 厭食症 嘔吐 昏睡 軟組織鈣化 維生素 E f IUkg 300 300 透過清除自由基的氧化損傷防禦 缺乏 厭食症 抑鬱症 腹部敏感性疼痛 脂肪組織病理 維生素 K g mgkg 01 01 活化的凝血因子，骨骼蛋白和其它蛋白 缺乏 延長血液凝固時間 出血 維生素 B1 硫胺 h mgkg 50 50 能量和碳水化合物的新陳代謝 離子通道在神經組織中的啟用 缺乏 包括反射改變的神經功能障礙和抽搐發作 心率紊亂 在中樞神經系統的病理變化 嚴重的學習障礙 核黃素 mgkg 40 40 酶功能 缺乏 白內障 脂肪肝 睪丸萎縮 泛酸 mgkg 50 50 能量代謝 缺乏 生長發育遲緩 肝臟脂肪酸的變化 小腸病變 煙酸 mgkg 600 600 酶功能 缺乏 厭食症 減肥 體溫升高 嚴重缺乏舌苔，口腔潰瘍和充血 維生素 B6 吡哆醇 mgkg 40 40 葡萄糖生產 紅血細胞的功能 煙酸合成 神經系統的功能 免疫反應 激素調節 基因啟用 缺乏 生長發育遲緩 抽搐發作 腎臟病變 葉酸 mgkg 08 08 氨基酸和核苷酸的代謝 線粒體蛋白質的合成 缺乏 降低生長速度 血液中的鐵含量增加 生物素 i mgkg 007 007 維生素 B12 mgkg 002 002 酶功能 缺乏 消瘦 嘔吐 腹瀉 腸道功能紊亂 膽鹼 SUPjSUP mgkg 24000 24000 牛磺酸 膨化食品 010 010 牛磺酸 罐頭食品 020 020 營養素 單位（幹物質為基礎） 生長和繁殖的最小值 成年需求的最低值 最大值 功能 缺乏 過量的反應 NOTES Presumes an energy density of 40 kcalg ME based on the modified Atwater values of 35 85 and 35 kcalg for protein fat and carbohydrate nitrogenfree extract NFE respectively Rations greater than 45 kcalg should be corrected for energy density rations less than 40 kcalg should not be corrected for energy Although a true requirement for fat per se has not been established the minimum level was based on recognition of fat as a source of essential fatty acids as a carrier of fatsoluble vitamins to enhance palatability and to supply an adequate caloric density If the mean urine pH of cats fed ad libitum is not below 64 the risk of struvite urolithiasis increases as the magnesium content of the diet increases Because of very poor bioavailability iron from carbonate or oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Because of very poor bioavailability copper from oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Add 10 IU vitamin E above minimum level per gram of fish oil per kilogram of diet Vitamin K does not need to be added unless diet contains greater than 25 percent fish on a dry matter basis Because processing may destroy up to 90 percent of the thiamine in the diet allowance in formulation should be made to ensure the minimum nutrient level is met after processing Biotin does not need to be added unless diet contains antimicrobial or antivitamin compounds Methionine may substitute choline as methyl donor at a rate of 375 parts for 1 part choline by weight when methionine exceeds 062 percent NOTES Presumes an energy density of 40 kcalg ME based on the modified Atwater values of 35 85 and 35 kcalg for protein fat and carbohydrate nitrogenfree extract NFE respectively Rations greater than 45 kcalg should be corrected for energy density rations less than 40 kcalg should not be corrected for energy Although a true requirement for fat per se has not been established the minimum level was based on recognition of fat as a source of essential fatty acids as a carrier of fatsoluble vitamins to enhance palatability and to supply an adequate caloric density If the mean urine pH of cats fed ad libitum is not below 64 the risk of struvite urolithiasis increases as the magnesium content of the diet increases Because of very poor bioavailability iron from carbonate or oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Because of very poor bioavailability copper from oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Add 10 IU vitamin E above minimum level per gram of fish oil per kilogram of diet Vitamin K does not need to be added unless diet contains greater than 25 percent fish on a dry matter basis Because processing may destroy up to 90 percent of the thiamine in the diet allowance in formulation should be made to ensure the minimum nutrient level is met after processing Biotin does not need to be added unless diet contains antimicrobial or antivitamin compounds Methionine may substitute choline as methyl donor at a rate of 375 parts for 1 part choline by weight when methionine exceeds 062 percent NOTES Presumes an energy density of 40 kcalg ME based on the modified Atwater values of 35 85 and 35 kcalg for protein fat and carbohydrate nitrogenfree extract NFE respectively Rations greater than 45 kcalg should be corrected for energy density rations less than 40 kcalg should not be corrected for energy Although a true requirement for fat per se has not been established the minimum level was based on recognition of fat as a source of essential fatty acids as a carrier of fatsoluble vitamins to enhance palatability and to supply an adequate caloric density If the mean urine pH of cats fed ad libitum is not below 64 the risk of struvite urolithiasis increases as the magnesium content of the diet increases Because of very poor bioavailability iron from carbonate or oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Because of very poor bioavailability copper from oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Add 10 IU vitamin E above minimum level per gram of fish oil per kilogram of diet Vitamin K does not need to be added unless diet contains greater than 25 percent fish on a dry matter basis Because processing may destroy up to 90 percent of the thiamine in the diet allowance in formulation should be made to ensure the minimum nutrient level is met after processing Biotin does not need to be added unless diet contains antimicrobial or antivitamin compounds Methionine may substitute choline as methyl donor at a rate of 375 parts for 1 part choline by weight when methionine exceeds 062 percent NOTES Presumes an energy density of 40 kcalg ME based on the modified Atwater values of 35 85 and 35 kcalg for protein fat and carbohydrate nitrogenfree extract NFE respectively Rations greater than 45 kcalg should be corrected for energy density rations less than 40 kcalg should not be corrected for energy Although a true requirement for fat per se has not been established the minimum level was based on recognition of fat as a source of essential fatty acids as a carrier of fatsoluble vitamins to enhance palatability and to supply an adequate caloric density If the mean urine pH of cats fed ad libitum is not below 64 the risk of struvite urolithiasis increases as the magnesium content of the diet increases Because of very poor bioavailability iron from carbonate or oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Because of very poor bioavailability copper from oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Add 10 IU vitamin E above minimum level per gram of fish oil per kilogram of diet Vitamin K does not need to be added unless diet contains greater than 25 percent fish on a dry matter basis Because processing may destroy up to 90 percent of the thiamine in the diet allowance in formulation should be made to ensure the minimum nutrient level is met after processing Biotin does not need to be added unless diet contains antimicrobial or antivitamin compounds Methionine may substitute choline as methyl donor at a rate of 375 parts for 1 part choline by weight when methionine exceeds 062 percent NOTES Presumes an energy density of 40 kcalg ME based on the modified Atwater values of 35 85 and 35 kcalg for protein fat and carbohydrate nitrogenfree extract NFE respectively Rations greater than 45 kcalg should be corrected for energy density rations less than 40 kcalg should not be corrected for energy Although a true requirement for fat per se has not been established the minimum level was based on recognition of fat as a source of essential fatty acids as a carrier of fatsoluble vitamins to enhance palatability and to supply an adequate caloric density If the mean urine pH of cats fed ad libitum is not below 64 the risk of struvite urolithiasis increases as the magnesium content of the diet increases Because of very poor bioavailability iron from carbonate or oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Because of very poor bioavailability copper from oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Add 10 IU vitamin E above minimum level per gram of fish oil per kilogram of diet Vitamin K does not need to be added unless diet contains greater than 25 percent fish on a dry matter basis Because processing may destroy up to 90 percent of the thiamine in the diet allowance in formulation should be made to ensure the minimum nutrient level is met after processing Biotin does not need to be added unless diet contains antimicrobial or antivitamin compounds Methionine may substitute choline as methyl donor at a rate of 375 parts for 1 part choline by weight when methionine exceeds 062 percent NOTES Presumes an energy density of 40 kcalg ME based on the modified Atwater values of 35 85 and 35 kcalg for protein fat and carbohydrate nitrogenfree extract NFE respectively Rations greater than 45 kcalg should be corrected for energy density rations less than 40 kcalg should not be corrected for energy Although a true requirement for fat per se has not been established the minimum level was based on recognition of fat as a source of essential fatty acids as a carrier of fatsoluble vitamins to enhance palatability and to supply an adequate caloric density If the mean urine pH of cats fed ad libitum is not below 64 the risk of struvite urolithiasis increases as the magnesium content of the diet increases Because of very poor bioavailability iron from carbonate or oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Because of very poor bioavailability copper from oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Add 10 IU vitamin E above minimum level per gram of fish oil per kilogram of diet Vitamin K does not need to be added unless diet contains greater than 25 percent fish on a dry matter basis Because processing may destroy up to 90 percent of the thiamine in the diet allowance in formulation should be made to ensure the minimum nutrient level is met after processing Biotin does not need to be added unless diet contains antimicrobial or antivitamin compounds Methionine may substitute choline as methyl donor at a rate of 375 parts for 1 part choline by weight when methionine exceeds 062 percent NOTES Presumes an energy density of 40 kcalg ME based on the modified Atwater values of 35 85 and 35 kcalg for protein fat and carbohydrate nitrogenfree extract NFE respectively Rations greater than 45 kcalg should be corrected for energy density rations less than 40 kcalg should not be corrected for energy Although a true requirement for fat per se has not been established the minimum level was based on recognition of fat as a source of essential fatty acids as a carrier of fatsoluble vitamins to enhance palatability and to supply an adequate caloric density If the mean urine pH of cats fed ad libitum is not below 64 the risk of struvite urolithiasis increases as the magnesium content of the diet increases Because of very poor bioavailability iron from carbonate or oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Because of very poor bioavailability copper from oxide sources that are added to the diet should not be considered as components in meeting the minimum nutrient level Add 10 IU vitamin E above minimum level per gram of fish oil per kilogram of diet Vitamin K does not need to be added unless diet contains greater than 25 percent fish on a dry matter basis Because processing may destroy up to 90 percent of the thiamine in the diet allowance in formulation should be made to ensure the minimum nutrient level is met after processing Biotin does not need to be added unless diet contains antimicrobial or antivitamin compounds Methionine may substitute choline as methyl donor at a rate of 375 parts for 1 part choline by weight when methionine exceeds 062 percent 參考資料 外部連結 美國食品藥品監督管理局 獸藥中心 寵物食品 Information For Consumers FDAs Regulation Of Pet Food Information For Consumers Information On Marketing A Pet Food Product Information For Consumers Interpreting Pet Food Labels Information For Consumers Interpreting Pet Food Labels Special Use Foods Vegetarian Diets For Pets Report on the risk from pentobarbital in dog food The Vegetarian Society UK on concerns relating to a vegetarian diet for cats The Cat That Ate Tofu Alternet article on vegan cat food Vegan Pet Food A Discussion Animal Voices audio interview with Evolution pet food CEO From Maxs House Feline Medical And Behavior Database Feline Nutrition Cat Food Nutrient Profiles Dry food vs canned wet food disputes the claim that dry food is harmful Get The Facts Whats Really In Pet Food from Animal Protection Institute From AAFCO Regulating Pet Foods pdf Questions and Answers Regarding Pet Food Regulations pdf