物種歧視論（Speciesism），最早出現於英國心理學家 1975 年的作品《科學的受害者》，是指人類對非人類存有的一種偏見，主張人類的利益凌駕於一切同樣生活在地球上的其他物種的利益之上。這是一種從倫理、道德層面到具體行為方式上對其他物種的深入侵害。物種歧視指的是針對某一個群體僅僅因物種歸屬不同而產生的一系列價值、權利差別判斷和特殊對待的現象。這個詞彙主要使用於動物權利保護者的觀點中。他們認為物種歧視與性別歧視和種族歧視和同性戀恐懼等等有相似，其核心都是根據個體的群體歸屬和與道德無關的生理因素決定對其個體的待遇的。這個論點主張物種歸屬沒有道德價值。Ryder Richard D 2009 1998 Speciesism in Marc Bekoff ed Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare Greenwood 物種歧視這個詞在用法上多種多樣 That it is used inconsistently see Zamir 2009 p 3，在一般情況下是指 人類物種歧視主義 （人類中心主義），即把非人類的動物排除於人類的道德範圍以外，視之為可隨意處置的物件。Cavalieri Paola 2001 The Animal Question Why Nonhuman Animals Deserve Human Rights Oxford University Press nameCavalieri2001p70 它也可以更廣泛地指一種僅透過物種差別而決定個體價值的思想：例如人類會因為某些物種長得不夠可愛而認定牠們為可隨意處置甚至虐殺物件，而某些物種卻因為可愛的外表如貓和狗而受到法律上的特殊保護。而由這個思想引申出的 人類 大猩猩物種歧視主義 則是指：人類因為跟大猩猩的相似性而更傾向於保護大猩猩的權利（相較於保護貓狗的權利）。Waldau 2001 pp 5 2329 參見 動物審判 人類中心主義 生物中心主義 深層生態學 純素主義 筆記 參考資料 Barlian Y Michael 2004 Speciesism as a precondition to justice Politics and the Life Sciences 23 1 March pp 2233 Blackburn Simon 1994 Speciesism Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy Oxford University Press Cavalieri Paola 2001 The Animal Question Why Nonhuman Animals Deserve Human Rights Oxford University Press Cohen Carl 1986 The case for the use of animals in biomedical research The New England Journal of Medicine 315 14 pp 865869 Cohen Carl and Regan Tom 2001 The Animal Rights Debate Rowman Littlefield Publishers Diamond Cora 2004 Eating Meat and Eating People in Cass Sunstein and Martha Nussbaum eds Animal Rights Current Debates and New Directions Oxford University Press Dawkins Richard 1993 Gaps in the mind in Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer eds The Great Ape Project St Martins Griffin 1993 pp 8187 Dawkins Richard 1996 1986 The Blind Watchmaker W W Norton Company Inc Dawkins Richard 2007 Richard Dawkins Science and the New Atheism 7 December FernándezArmesto Felipe 2003 Ideas that changed the world Dorling Kindersley Frey R G 1983 Rights Killing and Suffering Blackwell Graft D 1997 Against strong speciesism 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Spring 2 Rorty Richard 1998 1993 Human rights rationality and sentimentality in Truth and Progress Cambridge University Press Scully Matthew 2003 Dominion The Power of Man the Suffering of Animals and the Call to Mercy St Martins Griffin Singer Peter 1990 1975 Animal Liberation New York ReviewRandom House Staudenmaier Peter 2003 Ambiguities of Animal Rights Communalism International Journal for a Rational Society March 5 Sztybel David 2006 Can the Treatment of Animals Be Compared to the Holocaust Ethics the Environment 11 1 Spring pp 97132 Tuohey John 1992 Fifteen years after Animal Liberation Has the animal rights movement achieved philosophical legitimacy Journal of Medical Humanities 13 2 June pp 7989 Vardy P and Grosch P 1999 The Puzzle of Ethics Harper Collins Waldau Paul 2001 The Specter of Speciesism Buddhist and Christian Views of Animals Oxford University Press Wise Steven M 2004 Animal Rights One Step at a Time in Cass Sunstein and Martha Nussbaum eds Animal Rights Current Debates and New Directions Oxford University Press Zamir Tzachi 2009 Ethics and the Beast A Speciesist Argument for Animal Liberation Princeton University Press 擴充套件閱讀 BBC 2006 The ethics of speciesism Dunayer Joan 2004 Speciesism Ryce Publishing Geoghegan Tom 2007 Should apes have human rights BBC News Magazine 29 March Nibert David 2003 Humans and other animals sociologys moral and intellectual challenge International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 23 3 pp 425 Ryder Richard D 1975 Victims of Science The Use of Animals in Research DavisPoynter Horta Oscar 2010 What Is Speciesism Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics Volume 23 Issue 3 pp 243266 Kaufman Frederik 1998 Speciesism and the Argument from Misfortune Journal of Applied Philosophy 15 2 pp 155163 Perry Constance K 2001 A Compassionate Autonomy Alternative to Speciesism Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 22 3 June 2001 Discussion between Peter Singer and Richard Dawkins Antispeciesism Les Cahiers Antispécistes 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