海達語是海達族的語言。該語言有 8 個母音和超過 30 個子音。語言學家愛德華薩丕爾曾在 1915 年把海達語歸為納－德內語系，該提議隨即受到諸多語言學家（如 Pinnow Greenberg Enrico Ruhlen Manaster Ramer and Bengtson，詳見參考文獻列表）的支援；然而，今天大多數語言學家將海達語看作是一個孤立語言。 2008 年語言學界提議美洲的納－德內語系和北亞（中西伯利亞）的葉尼塞語系同源並構成德內－葉尼塞語門，卻沒有任何跡象表明海達語屬於該語門。 大約 100 年前，全體海達族都使用海達語，但今天海達語卻是極度瀕危語言，只有 20 個人在使用， 而今其使用者幾乎全是長者。 書寫系統 海達語語有兩套基於拉丁字母的書寫系統：在加拿大常用的，約翰恩里科提出的恩里科系統，用來書寫南海達語；在美國常用的，（Alaska Native Language Center）提出的 ANLC 系統，用來書寫北海達語。 ANLC 系統區分兩個同位異音（英語的）和（漢語拼音的）。 恩里科系統是一種跨方言文字（儘管只跨了兩個加拿大方言），它在不同方言中給了不同的語音影射，使得在兩種方言中發音相同的詞有著不同的寫法，而寫法相同的詞有著不同的發音。 此外還有一個不常用的系統，由 John R Swanton 給出。它更像是基於語音的，而不像是基於音位的。 註釋 參考文獻 延伸閱讀 Andersen Doris 1974 Slave of the Haida Toronto Macmillan Co of Canada Bengtson John D 2008 Materials for a Comparative Grammar of the DeneCaucasian SinoCaucasian Languages Aspects of Comparative Linguistics vol 3 Moscow RSUH Publishers pp 45118 Dauenhauer Nora Marks 2008 The Battles of Sitka 1802 and 1804 Anooshi Lingit Aani Ka Russians in Tlingit America University of Washington Press Dürr Michael Egon Renner 1995 The History of the NaDene Controversy A Sketch Language and Culture in North America Studies in Honor of HeinzJürgen Pinnow ed by Renner Egon Dürr Michael 318 Lincom Studies in Native American Linguistics 2 Munich Lincom Europa Enrico John 1983a The Haida Language The Outer Shores edited by Scudder G E and Gessler Nicholas Queen Charlotte City BC Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press pp 223248 Enrico John 1983b Tense in the Haida Relative Clause International Journal of American Linguistics 5291123 Enrico John 1986 Word Order Focus and Topic in Haida International Journal of American Linguistics 49136166 Enrico John 1991 The Lexical Phonology of Masset Haida Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers 8 Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center Enrico John 1998 Remarks on Pitch in Skidegate Haida Gengo Kenkyu 12115120 Enrico John 2003 Haida Syntax 2 volumes Lincoln NE University of Nebraska Press Enrico John 2005 Haida Dictionary Skidegate Masset and Alaskan Dialects 2 volumes Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center Juneau Sealaska Heritage Institute Fisher Robin 1992 Contact and Conflict IndianEuropean Relations in British Columbia 17741890 UBC Press Greenberg JH 1987a Language in the Americas Stanford CA Stanford University Press Greenberg JH 1987b The NaDene Problem In Greenberg 1987a pp 321330 Harrison Charles 1925 Ancient Warriors of the North Pacific The Haidas Their Laws Customs and Legends London H F G Witherby Levine Robert D 1979 Haida and NaDene A New Look at the Evidence International Journal of American Linguistics 45 215770 Manaster Ramer Alexis 1996 Sapirs Classifications Haida and the Other Na Dene languages Anthropological linguistics 38179215 Pinnow HeinzJürgen 1976 Geschichte der NaDeneForschung Indiana Beihefte 5 Berlin Mann ISBN 3786130272 Pinnow HJ 1985 Das Haida als NaDene Sprache Abhandlungen der völkerkundlichen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Hefte 4346 Nortorf Germany Völkerkundliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pinnow HJ 2006a Die NaDeneSprachen im Lichte der GreenbergKlassifikation The NaDéné Languages in Light of Greenbergs Classification Zweite erweiterte Auflage Second revised edition Bredstedt Druckerei Lempfert Pinnow HJ 2006b Sprachhistorische Untersuchung zur Stellung des Haida als NaDeneSprache Unveränderte Neuausgabe aus INDIANA 10 Gedenkschrift Gerdt Kutscher Teil 2 Berlin 1985 Mit einem Anhang Die NaDeneSprachen im Verhältnis zum TibetoChinesischen Bredstedt Druckerei Lempfert Rosman Abraham 1971 Feasting with Mine Enemy Rank and Exchange among Northwest Coast Societies Columbia University Press Ruhlen M 1998 The Origin of the NaDene Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 no 23 139946 Sapir Edward 1915 The NaDene Languages A Preliminary Report American Anthropologist 17534558 Stearns Mary Lee 1981 Haida Culture in Custody University of Washington Press Swanton John R 1905 Haida Texts and Myths Skidegate dialect Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 29 Washington DC Smithsonian Institution Swanton John R 1908 Haida Texts Masset Dialect Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History vol 10 part 2 Leiden E J Brill 相關影視 外部連結 Haida language Listen to the sounds of Haida Skidegate Haida Portal First Voices Raven a story in the Haida language Haida writing systems Haida linguistics bibliography The Book of Common Prayer in Haida How to count in Haida FirstVoices Haida iPhone App FirstVoices Haida Online Dictionary Category 太平洋西北海岸原住民語言 Category 阿拉斯加州原住民語言 Category 美國原住民瀕危語言