印第安大屠殺列表，本表列出美洲殖民期間歐洲人與印地安人之間的屠殺事件。 印第安人大屠殺通常指在歐洲人往美洲殖民時歐洲人屠殺美洲原住民印第安人，和印第安人回擊歐洲白種殖民者失敗，最後印第安人大量消失，是屬於美洲的種族滅絕史。 概觀 印第安大屠殺是美洲國家上的歐洲殖民者的黑歷史，只知當時歐洲殖民者多主張對美洲印第安人進行種族屠殺，但到底多少人死於這場長期的屠殺是難以確定的，美洲原住民的死亡被白人非常消極的紀錄或揭露，歷史學家 William M Osborn 寫的《荒野邊疆：美國印地安戰爭中自詹姆斯鎮到傷膝河的的暴行》 蒐集了從 1511 年兩種族首次接觸到 1890 年西擴終止這段時間內、今日美國本土所有有記錄的歐印暴力衝突，並確認了 7193 人死於白人的暴行，9156 人死於印第安人的暴行。Osborn 定義的 暴行 限於謀殺，酷刑，殘害平民、傷者、俘虜的肢體器官。對 暴行 的定義不同也會導致統計數量的不同。 在《美洲種族滅絕，美國和加拿大的災難，18461873》中，歷史學家 Benjamin Madley 記錄了在 1846 到 1873 年間對加州土著的屠殺數目。他發現這期間的證據，至少 9400 到 16000 加州印第安被非印第安人殺死。大多數殺戮發生於他所說的 370 次大屠殺（定義為有意識殺死 5 人和以上的無武器戰鬥者或者平民，包括婦女，兒童或者俘虜等，不一定在戰鬥時發生）中。 影響 針對印第安人的屠殺，產生了極為深遠的歷史影響。在之後的數個世紀中，對這一系列歷史事件都產生了若干的討論與爭議。例如中國的官方媒體自 21 世紀以來，曾多次釋出文章，指控稱 1814 年美國詹姆斯麥迪遜政府頒布法令規定每上繳一個印第安人的頭蓋皮，美國政府將會發給獎金 50100 美元（殺死 12 歲以下印第安人嬰幼兒和殺死女印第安人獎 50 美元，殺死 12 歲以上青壯年印第安人男子獎 100 美元） 和 19 世紀 20 年代到 90 年代，特別是特別是安德魯傑克遜於 1830 年促使國會透過一項法令《印第安人驅逐法案》。印第安人在遷移的過程中，形成了血淚之路。在當地民兵的配合下，美國聯邦正規軍採取分進合擊等戰術，集中發起了 1000 多次不同規模的軍事行動，到 1890 年代基本上完成了滅絕印第安人的作戰任務 等。 麥迪遜時期的美國政府同印第安人的關係的確極為緊張，表現為 1809 年簽署的《韋恩堡條約》和之後因此爆發的蒂珀卡努戰役，以及 1814 年簽署的《傑克遜堡條約》，從印第安人處獲得了大量的土地並將其驅逐。其主要原因在於以麥迪遜總統為首的美國白人殖民者的家長式作風、種族主義思想，以及試圖對印第安人進行種族改造，另外狩獵印第安人頭皮現象確實存在。 屠殺列表 15001862 年 僅列出發生在北美洲的 年 日期 名稱 描述 來源 1539 Napituca 屠殺 和 Timucuan 族交戰之後，埃爾南多德索托（Hernando de Soto）處決 200 人。這是歐洲人首次大規模在美洲大陸屠殺印第安人。 Duncan E Hernando de Soto pp 286291 1540 1018 Mabila 屠殺 Choctaw 族向埃爾南多德索托（Hernando de Soto）的探險復仇，殺死 200 名士兵，還殺了很多他們的馬匹和豬。起因是白人之前焚燒了 Mabila 的建築物，殺死了 2500 名躲在偽裝村寨的武士 De Sotos Trail Courage and Cruelty Come Alive Duncan E Hernando de Soto pp 376384 Steele I Warpaths p 15 154142 Tiguex 屠殺 先是西班牙人入侵，掠奪 Tiguex 人的住房、食品、服裝的 Tiguex，強姦 Tiguex 女人，Tiguex 族隨後反抗。西班牙人攻擊他們。弗朗西斯科巴斯克斯德科羅納多（Francisco Vázquez de Coronado）率人圍攻 Moho Pueblo，經過長達數月的圍困，他們殺害了 200 個試圖逃走的原住民戰士。 Sauer C Sixteenth Century North America p 141 Flint R No Settlement No Conquest pp 144153 1599 122124 Acoma 屠殺 報復性殺害 11 名西班牙士兵，。Juan de Oñate 懲罰性出征土著，在 Acoma Pueblo 戰鬥 3 天， 殺死約 800 人。西班牙國王 腓力二世 為此懲罰了 OñateConquistador Statue Stirs Hispanic Pride and Indian Rage Weber D The Spanish Frontier in North America pp 8586 1601 Sandia Mountains 事件 西班牙軍隊摧毀了新墨西哥州 Sandia Mountains 的 3 個印第安村莊。據西班牙的資料記載，有 900 名 Tompiro 族原住民被殺害。 Riley Carroll L Rio del Norte People of the Upper Rio Grande from Earliest Times to the Pueblo Revolt University of Utah Press 2007 p 252 ISBN 9780874804966 1610 89 Paspahegh 屠殺 Thomas West 3rd Baron De La Warr（特拉華勳爵）派 70 人襲擊 Paspahegh 原住民。他們毀掉了該族人在詹姆士頓附近的主要村莊，殺了大約 1665 人。村長的妻子和子女也被抓住並處決了。 1622 322 Indian massacre of 1622 詹姆士頓屠殺 在弗吉尼亞，Powhatan Pamunkey 族殺死 347 名英國人，約佔當地英國移民總數的三分之一。 1623 512 Pamunkey Peace Talks 英國人在 和談會議 上鴆殺 Powhatan 族頭人，共約 200 人，用暴力打死 50 名土著 Steele I Warpaths p 47 1637 526 Mystic Massacre In the Pequot War English colonists commanded by John Mason with Mohegan and Narragansett allies launched a night attack on a large Pequot village on the Mystic River in presentday Connecticut where they burned the inhabitants in their homes and killed all survivors for total fatalities of about 600700 Cave A The Pequot War pp 144154 1643 February 25 Pavonia Massacre In 1643 the Mohawk attacked a band of Wappinger and Tappan who fled to New Amsterdam seeking the protection of New Netherland governor William Kieft Kieft dispersed them to Pavonia and Corlears Hook They were later attacked 129 being killed This prompted the beginning of Kiefts War driven by mercenary John Underhill Churchill 1997 p 198 1643 August Massacre of Anne Hutchinson and her family As part of Kiefts War in New Netherland near the Split Rock now northeastern Bronx in New York City local Lenape or Siwanoy killed Anne Hutchinson six of her children a soninlaw and as many as seven others servants Susanna one of Hutchinsons daughters was taken captive and lived with the natives for several years LaPlante E American Jezebel p 231 1644 March Pound Ridge Massacre As part of Kiefts War in New Netherland at present day Pound Ridge New York John Underhill hired by the Dutch attacked and burned a sleeping village of Lenape killing about 500 Indians Steele I Warpaths p 116Trelease A Indian Affairs in Colonial New York The Seventeenth Century pp 7980 1655 September 1115 Peach Tree War In retaliation for DirectorGeneral of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesants attacks to their trading partners and allies at New Sweden united bands of natives attacked Pavonia Staten Island Colen Donck and other areas of New Netherland 1675 September 18 Bloody Brook Massacre During King Philips War Indian warriors killed 60 soldiers of Deerfield Massachusetts 1675 December 19 Great Swamp Massacre Great Swamp Fight Colonial militia attacked a Narragansett fort near South Kingston Rhode Island At least 40 warriors were killed and 300 women children and elder men burnt in the village Ellis George W Morris John E King Philips war Grafton Historical Series The Grafton Press 1906 pp 152155 1676 March 26 Nine Mens Misery During King Philips War warriors subjected nine captive soldiers to ritual torture and death Nine Mens Misery 1676 May 10 Turner Falls Massacre Battle of Turners Falls Captain William Turner and 150 militia volunteers attacked a fishing Indian camp at presentday Turner Falls Massachusetts At least 100 women and children were killed in the attack Mandell Daniel R King Philps war the conflict over New England Chelsea House Publishers 2007 p 100 ISBN 9780791093467 1676 July 2 Rhode Island Militia volunteers under Major Talcott attacked a band of Narragansetts on Rhode Island killing 34 men and 92 women and children Kiernan 2007 p 239 1680 August 10 Pueblo Revolt Pueblo warriors killed 380 Spanish settlers and drove other Spaniards from New Mexico 1689 August 5 Lachine massacre 1500 Mohawk warriors attacked the small settlement of Lachine New France and killed more than 90 of the villages 375 French residents following widespread French attacks on Mohawk villages in presentday New York 1689 Zia Pueblo Governor Jironza de Cruzate destroyed the pueblo of Zia New Mexico 600 Indians were killed and 70 survivors enslaved Preucel Robert W Archaeologies of the Pueblo revolt identity meaning and renewal in the Pueblo world University of New Mexico Press 2007 p 56 ISBN 9780826322470 1690 February 8 Schenectady Massacre As part of the Beaver Wars French and Algonquins destroyed Schenectady New York killing 60 Dutch and English settlers including ten women and at least twelve children Konstantin 2002 p 33 1704 Apalachee Massacre Former Carolinia Governor James Moore launched a series of brutal attacks on the Apalachee villages of Northern Florida They killed 1000 Apalachees and enslaved at least 2000 survivors Gallay 2003 pp 147148 1704 February 29 Deerfield Massacre During Queen Annes War a force composed of Abenaki Kanienkehaka Wyandot and Pocumtuck led by a small contingent of FrenchCanadian militia sacked the town of Deerfield Massachusetts killing 56 civilians and taking more than 100 as captives Konstantin 2002 p 48 1713 March 2023 Fort Neoheroka Militia volunteers and Indian allies under Colonel James Moore attacked Ft Neoheroka the main stronghold of the Tuscarora Indians 200 Tuscaroras were burned to death in the village and 9001000 others were subsequently killed or captured Gallay 2003 p 284Read Milton The tar heel state a history of North Carolina University of South Carolina Press 2005 pp 3637 ISBN 9781570035913 1729 November 28 Natchez Massacre Natchez Indians attacked French settlements near presentday Natchez Mississippi killing more than 200 French colonists Barnett James F The Natchez Indians a history to 1735 University Press of Mississipi 2007 p 105 ISBN 9781578069880 1757 August 9 Battle of Fort William Henry Following the fall of Fort William Henry during the Seven Years War Indians allied with the French killed between 70 and 180 British and colonial prisoners Konstantin 2002 p 224 1759 October 4 St Francis Raid During the Seven Years War in retaliation for the rumored murder of a captured Stockbridge man and detention of Captain Quinten Kennedy of the Rogers Rangers Major Robert Rogers led a party of approximately 150 English regulars volunteers and Mahican into the village of Odanak Quebec They killed up to 30 Abenaki people among them women and children as confirmed via conflicting reports Bruchac Marge Reading Abenaki Traditions and European Records of Rogers Raid August 2006 pp 34 1763 September 14 Devils Hole Massacre During the Seven Years War Seneca allied with the French attacked a British supply train and soldiers just south of Fort Niagara They killed 21 teamsters from the supply train and 81 soldiers who attempted to rescue the train Konstantin 2002 p 260 1763 December Killings by the Paxton Boys In response to Pontiacs Rebellion frontier Pennsylvania settlers killed 20 peaceful Susquehannock Taylor Alan American Colonies New York Viking Press 2001A Narrative of the Late Massacres Benjamin Franklins account of the massacre and criticism of the Paxton BoysA Disquisition Portraying the History Relative to the Enoch Brown Incident Greencastle Museum 1764 July 26 Enoch Brown School Massacre Four Delaware killed a schoolmaster 10 pupils and a pregnant woman Two pupils were scalped but survived 1774 April 30 Yellow Creek Massacre Daniel Greathouse killed members of Chief Logans family Konstantin 2002 p 106 1777 September 26 The Grave Creek Massacre A milita company under Captain William Foreman is ambushed and killed by Indians south of Wheeling West Virginia 1778 July 3 Battle of Wyoming During the American Revolutionary War following a battle with rebel defenders of Forty Fort Iroquois allies of Loyalist forces hunted and killed those who fled they were later accused of using ritual torture to kill those soldiers who surrendered These claims were denied by Iroquois and British leaders at the time Konstantin 2002 p 181Wallace Paul A W Indians in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission 2007 200 pages pp 162164 ISBN 9780892710171 1778 August 31 Stockbridge Massacre A battle of the American Revolutionary War that rebel propaganda portrayed as a massacre Konstantin 2002 p 246 1778 November 11 Cherry Valley Massacre British and Seneca forces attacked the fort and village at Cherry Valley New York killing 16 rebel troops and more than 30 settlers Konstantin 2002 p 321 1781 September 1 Dietz Massacre During the Revolution Iroquois allied with the British attacked the home of Johannes Dietz Berne New York killing and scalping Dietz his wife their daughterinlaw four children of their sons family and a servant girl Priest Josiah Stories of the Revolution first published 1836 1782 March 8 Gnadenhütten massacre During the Revolution Pennsylvania militiamen massacred nearly 100 noncombatant Christian Lenape mostly women and children they killed and scalped all but two young boys Konstantin 2002 p 57 1782 May 10 Corbly Family Massacre During the Revolution Indians allied with the British attacked the family of John Corbly a Christian minister in Greene County Pennsylvania His wife and three of their children were killed and two daughters were scalped but survived The Reverend Corbly escaped Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine RR Bowker Co 1925 Item notes v 59 1925 JanuaryJune p 234 1812 August 15 Fort Dearborn Massacre Battle of Fort Dearborn During the War of 1812 Indians allied with the British killed American soldiers and settlers evacuating Fort Dearborn site of presentday Chicago Illinois In all 26 soldiers two officers two women and 12 children and 12 trappers and settlers hired as scouts were killed Konstantin 2002 p 231 1812 September 10 Zimmer Massacre During the War of 1812 four settlers were killed in an attack believed to be by aggrieved Lenape in Ashland County Ohio Howe Henry Howes Historical Collections of Ohio Volume 1 pp 257258 1907 1812 September 15 Copus Massacre During the War of 1812 Northwest Indians attacked the Ashland County Ohio homestead of Rev James Copus killing three militiamen and one settler and wounding two militiamen and a settlers daughter settlers killed two Indians Howe Henry Howes Historical Collections of Ohio Volume 1 pp 258259 1907 1813 January 22 River Raisin Massacre During the War of 1812 Indians allied with the British killed between 30 and 60 Kentucky militia after their surrender Konstantin 2002 p 20 1813 August 18 Dilbone Massacre During the War of 1812 an Indian allegedly killed three settlers David Garrard and Henry Dilbone and wife in Miami County Ohio Settlers later killed the Indian they suspected of the murders Sutton R The History of Shelby County Ohio p 122 published 1883 1813 August 30 Fort Mims Massacre After Creek were attacked by US forces in the Battle of Burnt Corn which the Creek won a band of Red Sticks sacked Fort Mims Alabama killing 400 civilians and taking 250 scalps This action brought the US into the internal Creek War at the same time as the War of 1812 Konstantin 2002 p 245 1813 November 18 Hillabee Massacre Tennessee troops under General White launched a dawn attacked on an unsuspecting Creek town the village leaders were engaged in peace negotiations with General Andrew Jackson About 65 Creek Indians were shot or bayoneted Heidler DS Heidler JT Encyclopedia of the War of 1812 Naval Institute Press 2004 p 239 ISBN 9780874369687 1813 November 29 Autossee Massacre Battle of Autossee Georgia Militia General Floyd attacked a Creek town on Tallapoosa River in Macon County Alabama killing 200 Indians before setting the village afire McKenney TL Indian Tribes of America Applewood Books 2010 p 307 ISBN 9781429022651 1818 April 22 Chehaw Affair During the First Seminole War US troops attacked a nonhostile Muscogee village killing an estimated 10 to 50 men women and children Andrew Jackson Learns of the Chehaw Affair The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 1824 March 22 Fall Creek Massacre Six settlers in Madison County Indiana killed and robbed eight Seneca One suspect escaped trial and another was a witness at subsequent trial Of those charged with murder one man was hanged January 12 1825 and two were hanged June 2 1825 The last defendant was pardoned at the last minute Wikipedia Article 1826 Dressing Point Massacre A posse of AngloTexan settlers massacred a large community of Karankawa Indians near the mouth of the Colorado River in Matagorda Co Texas Between 40 and 50 Karankawas were killed Himmel 1999 p 50 1862 林肯總統的命令 林肯總統下令絞死了 38 個明尼蘇達曼卡托地區的達可它人蘇語部落的 38 個酋長。這些被絞死的人大部分都是他們部落的神職人員和政治領袖。 參見 北美印第安戰爭 大屠殺列表 參考資料 Category 美國軍事史 Category 北美洲屠殺事件 Category 美洲原住民歷史 Category 美洲原住民種族滅絕