聖費爾南多谷是一個位於美國加利福尼亞州洛杉磯都會區內洛杉磯縣的都市化山谷，其範圍包括由所圍繞的地區。聖費爾南多谷內有居民 177 萬人，其南面與面積更大、人口眾多的接壤。聖費爾南多谷內近三分之二的土地隸屬於洛杉磯市；而其他部分則分屬於格倫代爾、伯班克、聖費爾南多、希登希爾斯及卡拉巴薩斯等市。 地理特徵 The San Fernando Valley is about bound by the Santa Susana Mountains to the northwest the Simi Hills to the west the Santa Monica Mountains and Chalk Hills to the south the Verdugo Mountains to the east and the San Gabriel Mountains to the northeast The northern Sierra Pelona Mountains northwestern Topatopa Mountains southern Santa Ana Mountains and Downtown Los Angeles skyscrapers can be seen from higher neighborhoods passes and parks in the San Fernando Valley The Los Angeles River begins at the confluence of Calabasas Creek Arroyo Calabasas and Bell Creek Escorpión Creek between Canoga Park High School and Owensmouth Avenue just north of Vanowen Street in Canoga Park These creeks headwaters are in the Santa Monica Calabasas foothills the Simi Hills Hidden Hills Santa Susana Field Laboratory and Santa Susana Pass Park lands The river flows eastward along the southern regions of the Valley One of the rivers two unpaved sections can be found at the Sepulveda Basin A seasonal river the Tujunga Wash drains much of the western facing San Gabriel Mountains and passes into and then through the Hansen Dam Recreation Center in Lake View Terrace It flows south along the Verdugo Mountains through the eastern communities of the valley to join the Los Angeles River in Studio City Other notable tributaries of the river include Dayton Creek Caballero Creek Bull Creek Pacoima Wash and Verdugo Wash The elevation of the floor of the valley varies from about to above sea level Most of the San Fernando Valley is within the jurisdiction of the City of Los Angeles although a few other incorporated cities are located within the valley as well Burbank is in the southeastern corner of the valley and San Fernando which is completely surrounded by Los Angeles is in the northeastern valley Universal City an enclave in the southern part of the valley is an unincorporated area housing the Universal Studios filming lot and theme park Mulholland Drive which runs along the ridgeline of the Santa Monica Mountains marks the boundary between the valley and the communities of Hollywood and the Los Angeles Westside The San Fernando Valley has connection to other regions The Santa Clarita Valley via Newhall Pass the Westside via Sepulveda Pass Hollywood via Cahuenga Pass Simi Valley via Santa Susana Pass and the Crescenta Valley via Interstate 210 Habitat The valleys natural habitat is a temperate grasslands savannas and shrublands biome of grassland oak savanna and chaparral shrub forest types of plant community habitats along with lush riparian plants along the river creeks and springs In this Mediterranean climate post1790s European agriculture for the missions support consisted of grapes figs olives and general garden crops Climate The San Fernando Valley has a subtropicalhotsummer Mediterranean climate with long hot dry summers and short warm winters with chilly nights and sporadic rainfall Due to its relatively inland location and other factors summer days are typically hotter and winter nights typically colder than in the Los Angeles basin 政治概況 縮圖 375pxThe West Valley Regional Branch of the Los Angeles Public Library in Reseda The San Fernando Valley contains six incorporated cities Burbank Calabasas Glendale Hidden Hills San Fernando and part of Los Angeles which governs the majority of the valley The unincorporated communities of Universal City and West Chatsworth are governed by the County of Los Angeles Representation The Los Angeles city section of the valley is divided into seven city council districts 2 3 4 5 6 7 and 12 Of the 95 neighborhood councils in the city 34 are in the valley The valley is represented in the California State Legislature by five members of the State Assembly Jesse Gabriel D Luz Rivas D Adrin Nazarian D Suzette Martinez Valladares R and Laura Friedman D The valley is represented by three members of the State Senate Henry Stern D Bob Hertzberg D and Anthony Portantino D The valley falls into five congressional districts the 25th 28th 29th 30th and 33rd represented respectively by Mike Garcia R Adam Schiff D Tony Cárdenas D Brad Sherman D and Ted Lieu D The valley is represented in the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors by two supervisorial districts with the western portion represented by Sheila Kuehl D and the eastern portion by Kathryn Barger R Politics The San Fernando Valley for the most part tends to support Democrats in state and national elections Services The Los Angeles satellite administrative center for the valley The Civic Center Van Nuys is in Van Nuys The area in and around the Van Nuys branch of Los Angeles City Hall is home to a police station limited and unlimited jurisdiction superior courts and Los Angeles city and county administrative offices Northridge is home to California State University Northridge originally named San Fernando Valley State College Many branches of the Los Angeles Public Library are located in the valley For independent libraries see Incorporated Cities independent in the Municipalities and districts list below Los Angeles Police Department Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department and independent valley city departments Los Angeles Fire Department Los Angeles County Fire Department Burbank Police Department and independent valley city departments City of Los Angeles neighborhood councils 發展歷史 PreCalifornia statehood The valley was a center of the crossroads of cultures and languages including the Tongva Fernandeño and Chumash The Tongva later known as the Gabrieleño Mission Indians after colonization the Tataviam to the north and Chumash to the west had lived and thrived in the valley and its arroyos for over 8000 years They had numerous settlements and trading and hunting camps before the Spanish arrived in 1769 to settle in the Valley The first Spanish land grant in the San Fernando Valley or El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de los Encinos was called Rancho Encino presentday Mission Hills on the Camino Viejo before Newhall Pass in the northern part of the San Fernando Valley Juan Francisco Reyes built an adobe dwelling beside a Tongva village or rancheria at natural springs but the land was soon taken from him so that a mission could be built there Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established in 1797 as the 17th of the 21 missions The land trade granted Juan Francisco Reyes the similarly named Rancho Los Encinos also beside springs Los Encinos State Historic Park in presentday Encino Later the Mexican land grants of Rancho El Escorpión West Hills Rancho Providencia and Rancho Cahuenga Burbank and Rancho ExMission San Fernando rest of valley covered the San Fernando Valley The Treaty of Cahuenga ending the MexicanAmerican War fighting in Alta California was signed in 1847 by Californios and Americans at Campo de Cahuenga the Verdugo Family adobe at the entrance to the Cahuenga Pass in the southeast San Fernando Valley North Hollywood The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the entire war California statehood and beyond The Valley officially became part of the State of California on September 9 1850 when the California Statehood Act was approved by the federal government In 1874 dry wheat farming was introduced by J B Lankershim and Isaac Van Nuys which became very productive for their San Fernando Homestead Association that owned the southern half of the valley In 1876 they sent the first wheat shipment from both San Pedro Harbor and from the United States to Europe 20th century Aqueduct Through the late19thcentury court decision Los Angeles v Pomeroy Los Angeles had won the rights to all surface flow water atop an aquifer beneath the valley without it being within the city limits San Fernando Valley farmers offered to buy the surplus aqueduct water but the federal legislation that enabled the construction of the aqueduct prohibited Los Angeles from selling the water outside of the city limitsBearchell Charles and Larry D Fried The San Fernando Valley Then and Now Windsor Publications 1988 This induced several independent towns surrounding Los Angeles to vote on and approve annexation to the city so that they could connect to the municipal water system These rural areas became part of Los Angeles in 1915 The aqueduct water shifted farming in the area from dry crops such as wheat to irrigated crops such as corn beans squash and cotton orchards of apricots persimmons and walnuts and major citrus groves of oranges and lemons They continued until the next increment of development converted land use with postwar suburbanization leaving only a few enclaves such as the openair museum groves at the Orcutt Ranch Park and CSUN campus Developments In 1909 the Suburban Homes Company a syndicate led by H J Whitley general manager of the board of control along with Harry Chandler Harrison Gray Otis M H Sherman and Otto F Brant purchased 48000 acres of the Farming and Milling Company for 2500000Mulholland Catherine The Owensmouth Baby The Making of the San Fernando Valley Santa Susana Press California 1987 p 1820 Henry E Huntington extended his Pacific Electric Railway Red Cars through the Valley to Owensmouth now Canoga Park The Suburban Home Company laid out plans for roads and the towns of Van Nuys Reseda Marian and Canoga Park Owensmouth The rural areas were annexed into the city of Los Angeles in 1915 Laurel Canyon and Lankershim in 1923 Sunland in 1926 La Tuna Canyon in 1926 and the incorporated city of Tujunga in an eightyear process lasting from 1927 to 1935 These annexations more than doubled the area of the city Two valley cities incorporated independently from Los Angeles Burbank and San Fernando in 1911 Universal City remains an unincorporated enclave that is home to Universal Studios and became home to Universal CityWalk later in the century Other unincorporated areas in the valley include Bell Canyon and Kagel Canyon The advent of three new industries in the early 20th centurymotion pictures automobiles and aircraftalso spurred urbanization and population growth World War II production and the subsequent postwar boom accelerated this growth so that between 1945 and 1960 the valleys population had quintupled Los Angeles continued to consolidate its territories in the San Fernando Valley by annexing the former Rancho El Escorpión for Canoga ParkWest Hills in 1959 and the huge historic Porter Ranch at the foot of the Santa Susana Mountains for the new planned developments in Porter Ranch in 1965 The additions expanded the Los Angeles portion of San Fernando Valley from the original to In the late 1970s there was a proposed eastwest freeway labeled SR 64 that would have cut through the center of the valley from Calabasas in the western end of the valley to the SR170 and I5 freeway interchange in Sun Valley Los Angeles in the eastern end of the valley but local opposition gained traction and the proposed freeway was never approved or built Pop culture In the 1980s a distinctive valley youth culture was recognized in the media particularly in the 1982 Frank Zappa Moon Zappa song Valley Girl and the 1983 film Valley Girl These helped fix the socioeconomic stereotype of the Valley girl into the public consciousness including a distinct Valley accent Northridge earthquake The 1994 Northridge earthquake struck on January 17 and measured 67 on the Moment magnitude scale It produced the largest ground motions ever recorded in an urban environment and was the first earthquake that had its hypocenter located directly under a US city since the Long Beach earthquake of 1933 It caused the greatest damage in the United States since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake Although given the name Northridge the epicenter was located in the community of Reseda between Arminta and Ingomar streets just west of Reseda Boulevard The death toll was 57 and more than 1500 people were seriously injured A few days after the earthquake 9000 homes and businesses were still without electricity 20000 were without gas and more than 48500 had little or no water About 12500 structures were moderately to severely damaged which left thousands of people temporarily homeless Of the 66546 buildings inspected 6 percent were severely damaged red tagged and 17 percent were moderately damaged yellow tagged In addition damage to several major freeways serving Los Angeles choked the traffic system in the days following the earthquake Major freeway damage occurred as far away as from the epicenter Collapses and other severe damage forced closure of portions of 11 major roads to downtown Los Angeles This was the second time in 23 years that the San Fernando Valley had been affected by a strong earthquake On February 9 1971 a magnitude65 event struck about northeast of the epicenter of the 1994 event The 1971 earthquake caused 58 fatalities and about 2000 injuries At the time the 1971 San Fernando earthquake was the most destructive event to affect greater Los Angeles since the magnitude63 Long Beach earthquake of 1933 21st century Contemporary era By the late 1990s the San Fernando Valley had become more urban and more ethnically diverse with rising poverty and crime In 2002 the valley tried to secede from the city of Los Angeles and become its own incorporated city to escape Los Angeles perceived poverty crime gang activity urban decay and poorly maintained infrastructure Since that unsuccessful secession attempt a new Van Nuys municipal building was built in 2003 the Metro Orange Line opened in October 2005 35 new public schools had opened up by 2012 and the valleys ethnic plurality is now Hispanic edging out its white population by 08 percent By 2017 numerous urban development projects began in the valley mainly in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of North Hollywood Panorama City and Woodland Hills These projects started with the first few in Woodland Hills and the NoHo West project in North Hollywood began groundbreaking and construction on April 6 2017 LA Metro will begin construction on upgrades of the Metro G Line in 2021 with atgrade crossing gates and two bridges crossing both Sepulveda and Van Nuys Boulevards The valley will get its first light rail line in seven decades by 2027 with construction of the line beginning in 2021 along Van Nuys Boulevard and San Fernando Road 公園場所 The San Fernando Valley is home to numerous neighborhood city parks recreation areas and large Regional Open Space preserves Many preserves are maintained as public parkland by the National Park Services Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area the California State Parks and local county and municipal parks districts Small garden parks and missions The Japanese Garden The gardens at Adobes The Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center The Leonis Adobe The Andrés Pico adobe Los Encinos State Historic Park Mission San Fernando Recreation areas Griffith Park located at the southeastern end of the valley in the Hollywood Hills Sepulveda Dam recreation area Hansen Dam recreation area Los Angeles River with parks of various sizes along the part of the river located in the valley Mountain openspace parks 縮圖 右 300pxVictory Trailhead to the Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve West Hills Backbone Trail System Bell Canyon Park Brand Park Chatsworth Park South Deukmejian Wilderness Park El Escorpión Park Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail La Tuna Park Laurel Canyon Park Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park OMelveny Park above Granada Hills Rocky Peak Park Sage Ranch Park located in Simi Valley San Vicente Mountain Park above Encino Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Topanga State Park Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve Verdugo Mountains Open Space Preserve Wilacre Park Wildwood Canyon Park above Burbank Wilson Canyon Park above Sylmar 市政社群 Incorporated cities independent Burbank Calabasas Glendale Hidden Hills Los Angeles San Fernando Unincorporated communities Universal City West Chatsworth City of Los Angeles neighborhoods of the San Fernando Valley Arleta Canoga Park Chatsworth Encino Granada Hills Lake Balboa Lake View Terrace Mission Hills NoHo Arts District North Hills North Hollywood Northridge Pacoima Panorama City Porter Ranch Reseda Shadow Hills Sherman Oaks Sherwood Forest Studio City Sun Valley Sylmar Tarzana Toluca Lake Toluca Terrace Toluca Woods Valley Glen Valley Village Van Nuys Warner Center West Hills Winnetka Woodland Hills These communities are also included in the Crescenta Valley 經濟情況 The Valley is home to numerous companies the most well known of which work in motion pictures music recording and television production The former movie ranches were branches of original studios now consisting of CBS Studio Center NBCUniversal The Walt Disney Company and its ABC television network and Warner Bros The valley was previously known for advances in aerospace technology and nuclear research by companies such as Lockheed Rocketdyne and its Santa Susana Field Laboratory Atomics International Litton Industries Marquardt and TRWs predecessor Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Adult entertainment The valley became the pioneering region for producing adult films in the 1970s and grew to become home to a multibilliondollar pornography industry earning the monikers Porn Valley Silicone Valley in contrast to Silicon Valley nickname for the Santa Clara Valley and San Pornando Valley The leading trade paper for the industry AVN magazine is based in the Northwest Valley as were a majority of US adult video and magazine distributors The Paul Thomas Anderson film Boogie Nights explores these aspects of the valley According to the HBO series Pornucopia at one time nearly 90 percent of all legally distributed pornographic films made in the United States were either filmed in or produced by studios based in the San Fernando Valley The pornography industry began to decline by the mid2000s owing for the most part to the growing amount of free content on the Internet which undercut consumers willingness to pay In 2007 industry insiders estimated that revenue for most adult production and distribution companies had declined 30 percent to 50 percent and the number of new films made had fallen sharply Utilities and infrastructure Most of the utilities in the valley are served by public municipal governments primarily the cities of Los Angeles and Burbank while there are only two privateowned utilities for gas and electricity in the valley as well Southern California Edison has their overhead power lines going through the city of Burbank and through the Los Angeles city neighborhoods of Sylmar Mission Hills Arleta North Hollywood Studio City Woodland Hills Granada Hills Porter Ranch and Chatsworth as well Internet cable television and cellular phone service in the valley are by large private companies The valley is served by the following utility companies Electricity Los Angeles Department of Water and Power serves the entire Los Angeles city section of the valley which is two thirds of the land area and is also the largest electric utility in the San Fernando Valley Burbank Water and Power Southern California Edison serves the cities of San Fernando Calabasas and Hidden Hills Natural gas Southern California Gas Company Water Los Angeles Department of Water and Power serves the entire Los Angeles city section of the valley which is two thirds of the land area Burbank Water and Power City of San Fernando Metropolitan Water District Internet and Cable Television ATT Frontier Communications Charter Communications Spectrum Cell Phone Service ATT TMobile Cricket Wireless Verizon Wireless Sanitation City of Los Angeles City of San Fernando Republic Services Inc City of Burbank 交通運輸 Freeways Major freeways cross the Valley including Interstate 405 San Diego Freeway US Route 101 Ventura FreewayHollywood Freeway State Route 118 Ronald Reagan Freeway State Route 170 Hollywood Freeway Interstate 210 Foothill Freeway and Interstate 5 Golden State Freeway Notable streets include Sepulveda Boulevard Ventura Boulevard Laurel Canyon Boulevard San Fernando Road Victory Boulevard Reseda Boulevard Riverside Drive Mulholland Drive and State Route 27 Topanga Canyon Boulevard Rapid transit Subway dedicated transitway and express and local buses provided by many agencies serve the San Fernando Valley Some of the former rightsofway of the Pacific Electric Railway which first accelerated population growth in the Valley have been repurposed for busways and light rail lines The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates two Metro B Line subway stations in the Valley which are located at Universal City and North Hollywood which connect it directly to Hollywood and Downtown Los Angeles The Metro B Line is the first heavy rail subway in the valley extended from its prior terminus in 2000 With transfers it connects the Valley to the entire Metro regional light rail and subway network The B Lines two Valley subway stations provide access to national travel through Bob Hope Airport and Amtrak and regional travel through Metrolink Metro Rapid Metro Local and the Metro G Line Metro approved a new light rail line the East San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor A new northsouth light rail line on Van Nuys Boulevard from the G Line Van Nuys Station is planned Construction is set to begin in 2021 with a completion date of 2027 The G Line busway uses a dedicated transitway route running the eastwest length of the Valley connecting the North Hollywood B Line Station to the Warner Center Transit Hub in Woodland Hills and then heads north through Canoga Park to the Chatsworth Metrolink train station Two additional Metro Busway lines are planned for the Valley operating from North Hollywood station the North HollywoodPasadena Transit Line which will run to Pasadena with connections to the L Line and the North San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor which will provide additional eastwest services complimenting the G Line Metro is also studying a route through the Sepulveda Pass the Sepulveda Pass Transit Corridor including heavy rail and monorail alternatives Rail and air Metrolink commuter rail has two Valley lines the Antelope Valley Line and Ventura County Line which connect the Valley and beyond to downtown Los Angeles and south becoming one line at the Downtown Burbank station Metrolink always had one Burbank Airport station on the Ventura County Line but a second Burbank Airport station was built in 2017 on the Antelope Valley Line Amtraks Pacific Surfliner longdistance rail line has stops at Burbank Airport station Van Nuys and Chatsworth Station before proceeding on to Ventura County Santa Barbara and Northern California or Union Station and San Diego The California HighSpeed Rail Authority was planning two stations in the Valley one in Burbank and the other in Sylmar but the proposed Sylmar highspeed rail station was canceled owing to local opposition from the city of San Fernando As of now theres only one planned station in the valley located in Burbank with an initial section of the railroad possibly opening in 2029 The Valleys two major airports are Hollywood Burbank Airport and the Van Nuys Airport The Van NuysAirport FlyAway Terminal provides nonstop scheduled shuttle service to LAX and back to the valley with parking 教育 Public schools in the San Fernando Valley are served by three unified school districts The Northwest and East Regions of the Los Angeles Unified School District the Glendale Unified School District and the Burbank Unified School District There are four community colleges in the valley Los Angeles Valley College in Valley Glen Los Angeles Mission College in Sylmar and Los Angeles Pierce College in Woodland Hills All except Glendale College are served by the Los Angeles Community College District The only state university in the San Fernando Valley is California State University Northridge in Northridge In 1994 there were 180000 PK12 students attending Los Angeles Unified School District LAUSD campuses in the Valley During the same year about 45000 PK12 students or one in five of all such students attended the over 200 private schools in the ValleyChoosing A Campus A Guide To the Largest Private Schools in the Valley Los Angeles Times November 30 1994 Valley Briefing Retrieved on March 23 2014 文化 Cultural assets in the San Fernando Valley include The Great Wall of Los Angeles A long mural designed by Judy Baca and painted on the sides of the Tujunga Wash depicting the history of California The Mission San Fernando Rey de España Is a Spanish mission in the Mission Hills district of Los Angeles California The mission was founded on September 8 1797 and was the seventeenth of the twentyone Spanish missions established in Alta California Named for Saint Ferdinand the mission is the namesake of the city of San Fernando and the San Fernando Valley Museums San Fernando Valley museums The Nethercutt Collection Museum in Sylmar best known for its collection of classic automobiles also has collections of mechanical musical instruments and antique furniture Valley Relics Museum Museum in Van Nuys dedicated to the history and pop culture of the San Fernando Valley It was once located in Chatsworth California Gordon R Howard Museum complex in Burbank California Autry Museum of the American West near Burbank in Griffith Park Travel Town Museum near Burbank in Griffith Park Discovery Cube Los Angeles Childrens museum in Hansen Dam The Museum of the San Fernando Valley in Northridge Convention center The San Fernando Valley has a convention center located in the city of Burbank east of the Burbank Airport at the Marriott Hotel Performing arts venues San Fernando Valley performing arts venues The Starlight Bowl A 5000capacity amphitheater built in 1950 located in Burbank The Valley Performing Arts Center Located on the CSUN campus features a 1700seat concert hall Amusement parks The San Fernando Valley once had an amusement park in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles Busch Gardens was located at the Budweiser brewery in the middle of the valley but it was torn down in the late 1970s to make room for a massive brewery expansion As of now the only amusement park in the San Fernando Valley is Universal Studios Hollywood in unincorporated Universal City 醫療保健 There are two Kaiser Permanente hospitals serving the San Fernando Valley one in Panorama City and one in Woodland Hills Also there are two Providence hospitals in Burbank and Mission Hills Besides Kaiser Permanente and Providence hospitals most of the valley is served by nonprofit hospitals such as Valley Presbyterian Hospital in Van Nuys Northridge Hospital Medical Center in Northridge Olive View UCLA Medical Center in Sylmar Encino Hospital Medical Center in Encino Providence Tarzana Medical Center in Tarzana and Sherman Oaks Hospital in Sherman Oaks 獨立與分裂 Independence movements The Valley attempted to secede in the 1970s but the state passed a law barring city formation without the approval of the City Council In 1997 Assemblymen Bob Hertzberg and Tom McClintock helped pass a bill that would make it easier for the Valley to secede by removing the City Council veto AB 62 was signed into law by Governor Pete Wilson Meanwhile a grassroots movement to split the Los Angeles Unified School District LAUSD and create new San Fernando Valleybased school districts became the focal point of the desire to leave the city Though the state rejected the idea of Valleybased districts it remained an important rallying point for Hertzbergs mayoral campaign which proved unsuccessful Measure F In 2002 the San Fernando Valley portion of Los Angeles again seriously campaigned to secede from the rest of the city and become its own new independent and incorporated city The movement gained some momentum but measure F did not receive the necessary votes to pass There were multiple name choices for the new city Valley City was the chosen name for the new city Among the proposed names for the new city were Mission Valley Rancho San Fernando Camelot or Townsville District renamings The NoHo Arts District was established and the name chosen as a reference for its location in North Hollywood and as a play off New York Citys artscentered SoHo District According to the San Fernando Guide the change helped develop a primarily lower to middleclass suburb into a collection of art and a home for the artists who ply their trade in the galleries theaters and dance studios in this small annex According to the Lake Balboa Neighborhood Council from 2002 through November 2007 there was a debate about the official recognition of Lake Balboa as a community by the City of Los Angeles New community names were not sanctioned by the city until January 2006 when the city adopted a formal communitynaming process City of Los Angeles Council File Number 02 0196 On November 2 2007 the City Council of Los Angeles approved a motion renaming a larger portion of Van Nuys to Lake Balboa 人口統計 As of 2012 the population of the San Fernando Valley was 177 million of which 418 percent were Hispanic or Latino 410 percent were nonHispanic white 127 percent were Asian and 46 percent were African Americans The largest city located entirely in the valley is Burbank with over 107000 residents The most populous districts of Los Angeles in the Valley are Van Nuys and Pacoima which like the city of Burbank have more than 100000 residents each Despite the San Fernando Valleys reputation for sprawling lowdensity development the valley communities of Panorama City North Hollywood Van Nuys Reseda Canoga Park and Northridge all in Los Angeles have numerous apartment complexes and contain some of the densest census tracts in Los Angeles The San Fernando Valley has a significant population below the poverty level About 30 percent of Valley households in 2009 earned less than 35000 a year including 10 percent who made less than 15000 a year The Pacoima district once considered the hub of suburban blight and of having the highest poverty rate is no longer such Other San Fernando Valley neighborhoods such as North Hollywood Panorama City and Arleta now have poverty rates which are higher In general the areas with lower poverty rates have become fewer and more scattered while many of the now affluent communities have become compartmented having their own private planned and gated communities Many of these tend to be on or near the borders of the Valley in the foothill regions 地產價值 In 1997 the median price of an average onefamily home in the San Fernando Valley was only 155000 In the summer of 2003 it reached 400000 and by July 2005 it had reached 578500 In August 2005 it rose to 600000 A cooling off was noted in 2006 when between November 2005 and November 2006 median prices rose by the smallest amount of any 12month period since mid1997 Indeed November prices were lower than October prices and sales for November had fallen 191 compared to a year earlier The United States housing market correction affected the San Fernando Valley in 20072009 making housing significantly more affordable in the area the median sales price fell from 660000 at the peak in May 2007 to 500000 by March 2008 stabilizing in 2009 at around 330000340000California Home Sale Activity by City Chart DQNews Retrieved on 20101207 The San Fernando Valley is home to one of the most expensive housing markets in the country The median home value as of July 2014 is 536000 the highest in the region in 8 years As of 2017 the price of an average single family house in the San Fernando Valley was over 800000 making the valley one of the most expensive places to live in the Los Angeles metropolitan area 相關條目 地點 洛杉磯動物園及植物園 山谷牧場 Oak Crest 1912 年第一座電影城 環球市，兩座山谷牧場地點 資訊 鄰近地區 聖蓋博谷 西米谷 社會學 山谷女孩 參考資料 延伸閱讀 外部連結 美國郊區 聖費爾南多谷的歷史、傳統與地方感 洛杉磯郡地理 Category 美國分離主義 Category 洛杉磯郡山谷 Category 洛杉磯郡地區 Category 聖費爾南多谷地理