《烏鴉》，又譯作《渡鴉》，是美國作家埃德加愛倫坡所著的一首敘事詩，於 1845 年 1 月首次出版。它的音調優美，措辭獨具風格，詩句並有著超自然的氛圍。它講述了一隻會說話的渡鴉對一名發狂的戀人的神秘拜訪，描繪了這個男人緩慢陷入瘋狂的過程。這名戀人，普遍被認為是一名學生 Meyers 163Silverman 239，因失去他的所愛勒諾（Lenore）而深感悲痛。渡鴉坐在帕拉斯胸像上，似乎在進一步煽動著他的憂傷，不斷重複著話語：「永不復焉。」此詩使用了眾多民間與古典的文獻。 愛倫坡自認此詩寫得十分有邏輯與條理。他的目的是創作一首能皆在評論與大眾兩方引起共鳴的詩，同他在他 1846 年的後續評論《創作哲學》中所解釋的。此詩說話渡鴉的部分的靈感來自於查爾斯狄更斯的《巴納比拉奇：八零年代暴動的故事》Kopley Hayes 192。愛倫坡亦模仿了白朗寧的詩作《傑拉丁女士的求婚》的複雜節奏與韻律。全詩並使用句中韻以及頭韻法。 《烏鴉》於 1845 年 1 月 29 日進行首次印刷，由《紐約映象晚報》發行。它的出版使得愛倫坡終身受到歡迎，儘管這並沒有為他帶來巨大的財富。此詩不久後便再版、受諧仿及加上插圖。儘管評論對其地位的見解並不一致，它仍是史上最著名的詩作之一。Silverman 237 大綱 《烏鴉》一詩隨著一位不具名的旁白進行，在一個無趣的 12 月的夜晚裡，坐著朗讀一段「被遺忘的傳說」，來忘卻他的戀人麗諾爾逝去。 註釋 參考文獻 Adams John F Classical Raven Lore and Poes Raven in Poe Studies Vol V no 2 December 1972 Available online Forsythe Robert Poes Nevermore A Note as collected in American Literature 7 January 1936 Granger Byrd Howell Marginalia Devil Lore in The Raven from Poe Studies vol V no 2 December 1972 Available online Hirsch David H The Raven and the Nightingale as collected in Poe and His Times The Artist and His Milieu edited by Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV Baltimore The Edgar Allan Poe Society Inc 1990 ISBN 0961644923 Hoffman Daniel Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press 1972 ISBN 0807123218 Kopley Richard and Kevin J Hayes Two verse masterworks The Raven and Ulalume collected in The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe edited by Kevin J Hayes New York Cambridge University Press 2002 ISBN 0521797276 Krutch Joseph Wood Edgar Allan Poe A Study in Genius New York Alfred A Knopf 1926 Meyers Jeffrey Edgar Allan Poe His Life and Legacy New York City Cooper Square Press 1992 ISBN 0815410387 Moss Sidney P Poes Literary Battles The Critic in the Context of His Literary Milieu Southern Illinois University Press 1969 Ostrom John Ward Edgar A Poe His Income as Literary Entrepreneur collected in Poe Studies Vol 5 no 1 June 1982 Peeples Scott Edgar Allan Poe Revisited New York Twayne Publishers 1998 ISBN 0805745726 Poe Edgar Allan Edgar Allan Poe Complete Tales Poems Edison NJ Castle Books 2002 ISBN 0785814531 Silverman Kenneth Edgar A Poe Mournful and Neverending Remembrance New York Harper Perennial 1991 ISBN 0060923318 Sova Dawn B Edgar Allan Poe A to Z New York City Checkmark Books 2001 ISBN 081604161X Thomas Dwight and David K Jackson The Poe Log A Documentary Life of Edgar Allan Poe 18091849 New York G K Hall Co 1987 ISBN 0783814011 Weiss Susan Archer The Home Life of Poe New York Broadway Publishing Company 1907 外部連結 原文 The Raven Full text of the first printing from the American Review 1845 The Raven Full text of the final authorized printing from the Richmond SemiWeekly Examiner 1849 評論 《渡鴉》夾註 The Raven annotated for Chinese readers The Poe Decoder Essay on the symbols words and composition of The Raven The Raven With Literary and Historical Commentary by John H Ingram London G Redway 1885 The Raven Study Guide The Raven study guide and teacher resources The Raven Amore in A Minor by Vladimir Voronsky 圖本 音訊 Reading of The Raven and text by Classic Poetry Aloud MP3 The Raven complete text and audio Garrison Keillors rendition of The Raven RealAudio Reading of The Raven by LibriVox Audiobook recording with accompanying text of The Raven Reading of The Raven by Martin Reyto 影片 Video of Vincent Price giving a dramatic however not always literal reading of The Raven Official site of the 2003 short film version by Trilobite Pictures The Raven from The Simpsons Tree House of Horror Knowing Poe John Astin gives a dramatic rendition of The Raven 多媒體 Interactive multimedia ebook of The Raven bringing together Poes verse the reading by Robert Donald and the engravings by Gustave Doré Category1845 年作品 Category 美國詩歌 Category 敘事詩 Category 愛倫坡詩作