約翰伯頓桑德森霍爾丹 FRS（，；通常被稱做霍爾丹、霍爾丹，在他的著作中有時也使用；姓或譯作荷頓）， 出生於大不列顛， 是一名遺傳學家和進化生物學家。霍爾丹是一名堅定的馬克思主義者， 由於對大不列顛政府對於蘇伊士運河危機的政策感到不滿，離開牛津大學去往印度併成為一名印度公民。霍爾丹同羅納德費雪和休厄爾賴特一起被認為是種群遺傳學的奠基人。 JBS 霍爾丹在 1929 年發表的一篇關於「生命起源」的文章中提出了「有機物可由無機物形成」的假說，而這個假說已於 1924 年由俄羅斯科學家亞歷山大伊萬諾維奇奧巴林提出。由於兩人是分別提出相同的假說，並不互相知情，因此後人稱此假說為「歐帕林 霍爾丹假說」。 獲獎 1952 年，霍爾丹獲得了英國皇家學會達爾文獎章。1956 年，他獲得英國皇家人類學研究所授予赫胥黎（Huxley）紀念獎章。在其他的榮譽中，他還獲得了 Feltrinelli 獎，科學名譽博士學位，新學院榮譽院士和美國科學院授予的 Kimber 獎。1958 年，他被倫敦林奈學會授予達爾文 華萊士獎章。 著作 1924 E P Dutton and Company Inc a paper read to the Heretics Cambridge on February 4 1923 second edition 1928 London Kegan Paul Trench Co see also Haldanes Daedalus Revisited 1995 ed with an introd by Krishna R Dronamraju Foreword by Joshua Lederberg with essays by MF Perutz Freeman Dyson Yaron Ezrahi Ernst MayrElof Axel Carlson DJ Weatherall NA Mitchison and the editor Oxford University Press ISBN 019854846X a series of papers beginning in 1924 GE Briggs and JBS Haldane 1925 A note on the kinetics of enzyme action Biochem J 19 338339 Callinicus A Defence of Chemical Warfare 1925 E P Dutton Possible Worlds and Other Essays 1928 Harper and Brothers 1937 edition London Chatto Windus 2001 edition Transaction Publishers ISBN 0765807157 includes Animal Biology 1929 Oxford Clarendon Enzymes 1930 MIT Press 1965 edition with new preface by the author written just prior to his death ISBN 0262580039 The Inequality of Man and Other Essays 1932 The Causes of Evolution 1932 Science and Human Life 1933 Harper and Brothers Ayer Co reprint ISBN 0836921615 Science and the Supernatural Correspondence with Arnold Lunn 1935 Sheed Ward Inc Fact and Faith 1934 Watts Thinkers Library Fact and faith WorldCatorg My Friend Mr Leakey 1937 Vigyan Prasar 2001 reprint ISBN 8174800298 Air Raid Precautions ARP 1938 Victor Gollancz Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences 1939 Random House Ayer Co reprint ISBN 0836911377 Science and Everyday Life 1940 Macmillan 1941 Penguin Ayer Co 1975 reprint ISBN 0405065957 Science in Peace and War 1941 Lawrence Wishart Ltd New Paths in Genetics 1941 George Allen Unwin Heredity Politics 1943 George Allen Unwin Why Professional Workers should be Communists 1945 London Communist Party of Great Britain In this four page pamphlet Haldane contends that Communism should appeal to professionals because Marxism is based on the scientific method and Communists hold scientists as important Haldane subsequently disavowed this position Adventures of a Biologist 1947 Science Advances 1947 Macmillan What is Life 1947 Boni and Gaer 1949 edition Lindsay Drummond Everything Has a History 1951 Allen Unwin Includes Auld Hornie FRS CS Lewiss Reply to Professor Haldane is available in On Stories and Other Essays on Literature ed Walter Hooper 1982 ISBN 0156027682 The Origins of Life New Biology 16 1227 1954 Suggests that an alternative biochemistry could be based on liquid ammonia Origin of Man Nature 176 169 1955 Cancers a Funny Thing New Statesman 21 February 1964 參見 相關書目 參考文獻 外部連結 An online copy of Daedalus or Science and the Future A review from a modern perspective of The Causes of Evolution Unofficial SJG Archive People JBS Haldane 18921964 Accessed 22 February 2006 Useful text but the likeness is not of JBS but of his father John Scott Haldane Haldanes contributions to science in India Marxist Writers JBS Haldane There are photographs of Haldane at JBS Haldane on the Portraits of Statisticians page The biography on the Marxist Writers page has a photograph of Haldane when younger My Friend Mr Leakey text Haldanes most amusing imaginary acquaintance Category 英格蘭遺傳學家 Category 英國生物化學家 Category 演化生物學家 Category 群體遺傳學家 Category 英國政治作家 Category 皇家學會院士 Category 美國國家科學院外籍院士 Category 蘇聯科學院外籍院士 Category 東德科學院院士 Category 第一次世界大戰英國陸軍人士 Category 龍校校友 Category 印度無神論者 Category 英格蘭無神論者 Category 印度共產主義者 Category 大不列顛共產黨黨員 Category 絕食抗議者 Category 霍爾丹家族 Category 伊頓公學校友 Category 罹患大腸癌逝世者 Category20 世紀生物學家 Category 蘇格蘭裔英格蘭人 Category 牛津人 Category 倫敦大學學院教師 Category 英格蘭生理學家