社會無政府主義（Ostergaard Geoffrey Anarchism The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought Blackwell Publishing p 14），也稱無政府社會主義（Anarchosocialism 或 Anarchist socialism）Proudhon PierreJoseph 1893 What is Property p 118、社群無政府主義（Communitarian anarchism）Morris Christopher W 1998 An Essay on the Modern State Cambridge University Press p 74（可與自由意志社會主義、左翼自由意志主義、左翼無政府主義 Thagard Paul 2002 Coherence in Thought and Action MIT Press p 153 交替使用），是用來區分兩大類無政府主義的一種總稱，一類是集體主義，另一類是個人無政府主義。個人主義型式的無政府主義強調個人自治和人類的理性，社會無政府主義者「將個人自由視為與社會平等在概念上的連結，強調社會公眾和互助」。Suissa Judith 2001 Anarchism Utopias and Philosophy of Education Journal of Philosophy of Education 35 4 627646 doi1011111467975200249 不同於個人無政府主義著重在私有財產或財物的重要性，社會無政府主義反對私有財產，視為是社會不平等的來源。Ostergaard Geoffrey Anarchism A Dictionary of Marxist Thought Blackwell Publishing 1991 p 21 社會無政府主義 Baldelli Giovanni 1971 Social Anarchism Aldine Atherton Retrieved 31 March 2019Bookchin Murray 1995 Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism An Unbridgeable Chasm The Anarchist Library Retrieved 31 March 2019McKay Iain 18 June 2009 An Anarchist FAQ Stirling AK PressEhrlich Howard J 2013 The Best of Social Anarchism See Sharp Press Retrieved 31 March 2019 See also his Social Anarchism journalOwens Connor 25 February 2016 WhySocialAnarchism The Anarchist Library Retrieved 31 March 2019 作為無政府主義的一個分支，認為個人自由與互助相聯絡 Suissa Judith 2001 Anarchism Utopias and Philosophy of Education Journal of Philosophy of Education 35 4 pp 627646 。其理論強調共同體和平等原則是對自主權和公民自由的補充，它試圖透過在地方分權的聯邦制中保持言論自由，思想自由和輔助性原則來達到這種平衡。輔助性原則的最佳定義是 一個人不應該超出個人的範圍，並向共同體承諾可以透過他們自己擁有的企業和工廠完成工作 並且 每一種社會機構都應該具有向社會成員提供幫助的性質，而不是統治或兼併他們，最明顯地表達這種特徵的口號或許是 不要將自治的機構從人們手中奪走。Pius XI Pope 15 May 1931 Quadragesimo anno 79 社會無政府主義一直是無政府主義的主要流派。從術語上講，強調社群主義和合作社主義的社會無政府主義與個人無政府主義形成鮮明對比，同時與後者一樣作為無政府主義，反對與集體思維和從眾行為相關的威權共產主義，這有利於個人與社會之間的和諧。同時社會無政府主義透過人民自決，工人自治，，賦權並基於反權威的檢查和警惕來抵制權威。儘管 檢查 這一概念可能顯得與無政府主義原則相違背，但實際上無政府主義的檢查所指向的是個體對個人自由的捍衛和非強制：DIY 的思想方法與社會領域的教育相結合 Misconceptions of Anarchism Spunk Library In Dolgoff Sam 1986 Fragments A Memoir Refract Publications。最重要的是，社會無政府主義還主張將現在和未來的私有生產資料轉換成公有制 Ostergaard Geoffrey 1991 Anarchism A Dictionary of Marxist Thought Blackwell Publishing p 21Peacock Adrian 1999 Two Hundred Pharaohs Five Billion Slaves London EllipsisGoodwin Barbara 2007 Using Political Ideas John Wiley Sons，它認為這麼做可以透過更輕鬆地使用生產資料來保持對個人財產的尊重並透過共享公共資源來保護個人權利 Berkman Alexander 1929 What Is Communist Anarchism The revolution abolishes private ownership of the means of production and distribution and with it goes capitalistic business Personal possession remains only in the things you use Thus your watch is your own but the watch factory belongs to the people。 。 社會無政府主義屬於自由意志主義 Anarchism In Gaus Gerald F DAgostino Fred eds 2012 more specifically libertarian socialism The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy p 227 In its oldest sense it is a synonym either for anarchism in general or social anarchism in particular，自由意志社會主義，左翼自由主義。它在十九世紀末興起並與個人無政府主義相區別 An Anarchist FAQ No far from it So few anarchists found the individualist solution to the social question or the attempts of some of them to excommunicate social anarchism from the movement convincing。 社會無政府主義被描述為無政府主義的集體主義或共產主義流派，並代表了與社會主義相適應的無政府主義形式，這令其與以個人無政府主義為代表的自由社會主義派形成鮮明對比。Boyd Tony Harrison Kevin eds 2003 Marxism and Anarchism Understanding Political Ideas and Movements Manchester University Press p 251 Carson Kevin 2017 Anarchism and Markets In Jun Nathan J 2017 Brills Companion to Anarchism and Philosophy BRILL p 81 但是，一些集體或無政府共產主義者在激進的個人主義理論上建立了他們的理論 Baginki Max May 1907 Stirner The Ego and His Own Mother Earth 2 3 Modern Communists are more individualistic than Stirner To them not merely religion morality family and State are spooks but property also is no more than a spook in whose name the individual is enslaved and how enslaved Communism thus creates a basis for the liberty and Eigenheit of the individual I am a Communist because I am an Individualist Fully as heartily the Communists concur with Stirner when he puts the word take in place of demand that leads to the dissolution of property to expropriation Individualism and Communism go hand in hand Novatore Renzo 1924 Towards the Creative Nothing Gray Christopher 1974 Leaving the Twentieth Century p 88 Black Bob 2010 Nightmares of Reason C ommunism is the final fulfillment of individualism The apparent contradiction between individualism and communism rests on a misunderstanding of both Subjectivity is also objective the individual really is subjective It is nonsense to speak ofemphatically prioritizing the social over the individual You may as well speak of prioritizing the chicken over the egg Anarchy is amethod of individualizationIt aims to combine the greatest individual development with the greatest communal unity，將集體主義或共產主義視為實現個人自由的最佳社會制度。Kropotkin Peter 1901 Communism and Anarchy Communism is the one which guarantees the greatest amount of individual liberty provided that the idea that begets the community be Liberty Anarchy Communism guarantees economic freedom better than any other form of association because it can guarantee wellbeing even luxury in return for a few hours of work instead of a days work Truda Dielo 1926 Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists This other society will be libertarian communism in which social solidarity and free individuality find their full expression and in which these two ideas develop in perfect harmony My Perspectives Willful Disobedience 2 12 I see the dichotomies made between individualism and communism individual revolt and class struggle the struggle against human exploitation and the exploitation of nature as false dichotomies and feel that those who accept them are impoverishing their own critique and struggle Brown L Susan 2002 The Politics of Individualism Black Rose Books Brown L Susan 2 February 2011 Does Work Really Work 個人主義 社會主義之間的區分也受到質疑，因為個人無政府主義在很大程度上是社會主義的，並且相互影響。 在美國，「社會無政府主義」是指出版《社會無政府主義》這本刊物的圈子，之後由默裡布克欽所宣揚。布克金將社會無政府主義結合「左翼」，他在當中提到了「人類團結的優秀傳統與人性潛力的信念」、國際主義和邦聯主義、民主精神、反軍國主義和理性的世俗主義。然而，宗教無政府主義和宗教左翼則反對左翼與「理性世俗主義」的合作，並發起了多次左翼宗教運動，如解放神學和民權運動。社會無政府主義致力於「自由結交的人們在自由社群內居住並合作」。 參考文獻 Category 無政府主義 Category 自由意志社會主義