詹姆斯惠斯勒（James McNeill Whistler，），著名印象派畫家，父親是美國工程師，全家曾居於聖彼得堡。惠斯勒曾入讀西點軍校，之後自選畫家為職業。 惠斯勒出生於馬薩諸塞州，21 歲時懷著成為藝術家的雄心前往巴黎。他在倫敦建立起事業，從此未曾返回祖國。多年後，他成為 19 世紀美術史上最前衛的畫家之一。作為一名旅居者，惠斯勒沒有受到為道德而藝術的美國趨勢的影響。相反，他甚至追求唯美主義，即 為藝術而藝術（art for arts sake），這種理論認為美感應當是藝術追求的唯一目標。 在 1870 年代事業達到高峰之際，惠斯勒關注藝術作品的展現。他為自己的畫設計畫框，有時甚至自己安排展覽。在為英國船王、他的主要贊助人弗雷德里克雷蘭（Frederick Richards Leyland）的倫敦住宅設計餐廳裝飾時，他最終實現了塑造無所不包的整體美感的願望。那間現在被稱為孔雀廳的餐廳提高了惠斯勒作為唯美主義畫家的聲譽，顯示出他對美感的追求遠遠超越了畫框。 惠斯勒的畫作不太重視輪廓和素描，而注重彩色和音樂的效果，尤其喜歡在畫作命名上加上音樂的術語，例如《母親的畫像》又名《灰色與黑色的交響》。 作品 部分 FileWhistler Selbstporträtjpgthumb260px 安排灰色：畫家肖像（1872 年），惠勒斯自畫像 FileWhistlers Mother high resjpgthumb260px《母親的畫像》，是畫家惠斯勒的代表作之一 FileJames Abbot McNeill Whistler 013jpg1864 年作品《白衣之娘》 FileJames Abbot McNeill Whistler 008jpg《金屏風》 FileWhistler James Symphony in White no 1 The White Girl 1862jpg《白衣少女》 延伸閱讀 Bendix D M 1995 Diabolical Designs Paintings Interiors and Exhibitions of James McNeill Whistler Washington DC The Smithsonian Institution Press Curry David Park 1984 James McNeill Whistler at the Freer Gallery of Art New York W W Norton and Freer Gallery of Art Denker Eric 2003 Whistler and His Circle in Venice London Merrell Publishers Dorment R and MacDonald M F 1994 James McNeill Whistler London Tate Gallery Glazer Lee et al 2008 James McNeill Whistler in Context Washington DC Smithsonian Institution Glazer Lee and Merrill Linda eds 2013 Palaces of Art Whistler and the Art Worlds of Aestheticism Washington DC Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press Grieve Alastair 1984 Whistlers Venice Yale University Press Heijbroek J E and MacDonald Margaret F 1997 Whistler and Holland Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Levey Mervyn 1975 Whistler Lithographs Catalogue Raisonne London Jupiter Books Lochnan Katherine A1984 The Etchings of James McNeill Whistler Yale University Press MacDonald Margaret F 2001 Palaces in the Night Whistler and Venice University of California Press MacDonald Margaret F ed 2003 Whistlers Mother An American Icon Aldershot Lund Humphries MacDonald Margaret F Galassi Susan Grace and Ribeiro Aileen 2003 Whistler Women Fashion Frick CollectionYale University MacDonald Margaret F and de Montfort Patricia 2013 An American in London Whistler and the Thames London Philip Wilson Publishers Merrill Linda 1992 A Pot of Paint Aesthetics on Trial in Whistler v Ruskin Washington DC Smithsonian Institution Press Merrill Linda 1998 The Peacock Room A Cultural Biography Washington DC Freer Gallery of Art Yale University Press Merrill Linda and Ridley Sarah 1993 The Princess and the Peacocks or The Story of the Peacock Room New York Hyperion Books for Children in association with the Freer Gallery of Art Merrill Linda et al 2003 After Whistler The Artist and his Influence on American Painting Yale University Press Munhall Edgar 1995 Whistler and Montesquiou Paris Flammarion Petri Grischka 2011 Arrangement in Business The Art Markets and the Career of James McNeill Whistler Hildesheim G Olms Robins Anna Gruetzner 2007 A Fragile Modernism Whistler and his Impressionist Followers Yale University Press Spencer Robin 1991 Whistler A Retrospective New York Wing Books Stubbs Burns A 1950 James McNeill Whistler A Biographical Outline Illustrated from the Collections of the Freer Gallery of Art Washington DC Smithsonian Institution Press Sutherland Daniel E and Toutziari G 2018 James McNeill Whistler Yale University Press Thompson Jennifer A 2017 Purple and Rose The Lange Leizen of the Six Marks by James Abbott McNeill Whistler cat 1112 In The John G Johnson Collection A History and Selected Works edited by Christopher D M Atkins A Philadelphia Museum of Art free digital publication Twohig Edward 2018 Print REbels Haden Palmer Whistler and the origins of the RE Royal Society of PainterPrintmaker by Edward Twohig RE Published by the Royal Society of PainterPrintmakers in London in May 2018 Young MacDonald Spencer Miles 1980 The Paintings of James McNeill Whistler Yale University Press 外部參考 The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler Glasgow University Edited by MFMacDonald Pde Montfort N Thorp Catalogue raisonné of the etchings of James McNeill Whistler by MF MacDonald G Petri M Hausberg J Meacock James McNeill Whistler The Paintings a Catalogue Raisonné University of Glasgow 2014 by MF MacDonald G Petri James McNeill Whistler exhibition catalogs The Freer Gallery of Art which houses the premier collection of Whistler works including the Peacock Room An account of the WhistlerRuskin affair Whistler House Museum of Art official web site Works by James Abbott McNeill Whistler at University of Michigan Museum of Art Rudolf Wunderlich Collection of James McNeill Whistler Exhibition Catalogs at the Smithsonians Archives of American Art The Whistler Society London Founded 2012 Jennifer A Thompson Purple and Rose The Lange Leizen of the Six Marks by James Abbott McNeill Whistler cat 1112 in The John G Johnson Collection A History and Selected Works a Philadelphia Museum of Art free digital publication Category 美國畫家 Category 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