蘋果豬籠草（學名：）是一種分佈廣泛的豬籠草。其存在於在婆羅洲、摩鹿加群島、新幾內亞、西馬來西亞、新加坡、蘇門答臘和泰國。McPherson SR 2009 Pitcher Plants of the Old World 2 volumes Redfern Natural History Productions Poole Catalano M 2010 Nepenthes della Thailandia Diario di viaggio PragueMcPherson SR A Robinson 2012 Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina Redfern Natural History Productions PooleMcPherson SR A Robinson 2012 Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea Redfern Natural History Productions PooleMcPherson SR A Robinson 2012 Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java Redfern Natural History Productions Poole 其種加詞 來源於拉丁文 ampulla，意為 燒瓶。 與其他物種的區別在於其食蟲性已退化，並已具有部分的食腐性，轉為以捕蟲籠收集和消化落葉。Moran JA CM Clarke BJ Hawkins 2003 From carnivore to detritivore Isotopic evidence for leaf litter utilization by the tropical pitcher plant Nepenthes ampullaria International Journal of Plant Sciences 164 4 635639 Pavlovič A Ľ Slováková J Šantrůček 2011 Nutritional benefit from leaf litter utilization in the pitcher plant Nepenthes ampullaria Plant Cell Environment 34 11 18651873 Pavlovič A 2012 Adaptive radiation with regard to nutrient sequestration strategies in the carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes Plant Signaling Behavior 7 2 295297 因此素食性使得相當多的生物居住其中，形成特殊的共生關係，而這些生物有時能提供氮源。 蘋果豬籠草的中文名的由來 1990 年代，有一位臺灣的栽培者接受園藝雜誌的採訪，記者要求提供豬籠草的俗名，這位栽培者脫口而說出「就叫蘋果豬籠草吧！」因為從某個角度看起來像蘋果，於是雜誌刊登這篇報導後，這種豬籠草就叫作蘋果豬籠草了。 植物學史 蘋果豬籠草的捕蟲籠形態和生長習性均十分獨特，與其餘同屬植物具有顯著的不同。弗朗西斯歐內斯特勞埃德翻譯了特羅爾在 1932 年對蘋果豬籠草的描述：Lloyd FE 1942 The Carnivorous Plants Chronica Botanica 9 Ronald Press Company New York USA xvi 352 pp 形態特徵 蘋果豬籠草的莖呈淡棕色，可以攀爬至 15 米的高處。植株生長到一定程度後倒伏，由植株基本再生長出側芽，使其呈叢狀。 蘋果豬籠草的葉片呈淺綠色，可長達 25 釐米，寬至 6 釐米。籠蔓可長達 15 釐米。 蘋果豬籠草水罐狀的捕蟲籠一般都很小，很少超過 10 釐米高，7 釐米寬。唇大大內趨，內緣部分約佔截面表面總長度的 85。Bauer U CJ Clemente T Renner W Federle 2012 Form follows function morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25 1 90102 上位籠十分罕見，且其尺寸遠小於下位籠。籠蓋後翻，不具遮雨功能。捕蟲籠的顏色為淺綠色至深紅色；據記錄。蘇門答臘和西馬來西亞的蘋果豬籠草幾乎都為全綠色或為綠底紅斑；全紅的蘋果豬籠草大多隻存在於婆羅洲。在新幾內亞曾記錄到具巨大捕蟲籠的蘋果豬籠草。 蘋果豬籠草的花序為密集的圓錐花序。它是在蘇門答臘和西馬來西亞發現的唯一有著圓錐花序的豬籠草屬植物。 蘋果豬籠草幼株的各個部位均長有密集的棕色短毛，但成株的毛被除了花序部分都很稀疏。 原生地 蘋果豬籠草是豬籠草屬內分佈較為廣泛的物種之一，其存在於婆羅洲、摩鹿加群島、新幾內亞、馬來西亞半島、新加坡、蘇門答臘、泰國。其也存在於周圍許多小型島嶼中，包括邦加島、望加麗島、蘭塔島、達魯島、浮羅交怡、孟德爾島、明打威群島（西比路島）、美蘭地群島（巴東島、朗桑島、直名丁宜島）、尼亞斯島、檳榔嶼、廖內群島（林加群島、納土納群島 Mansur M 2012 Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga dan laju fotosintesisnya di Pulau Natuna Diversity on insectivorous plants and its photosynthetic rate in Natuna Island Berita Biologi 11 1 3342 Abstract 、廖內島）、魯帕島 Clarke CM 2001 Appendix C Distribution Maps In Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia Natural History Publications Borneo Kota Kinabalu pp 299307 蘋果豬籠草一般生長在海拔 1200 米或 2100 米 Jebb MHP MR Cheek 1997 A skeletal revision of Nepenthes Nepenthaceae Blumea 42 1 1106 以下的潮溼陰涼的森林中。在婆羅洲，蘋果豬籠草主要分佈在海拔 0 至 1000 米相對平坦的巽他荒原森林、泥炭沼澤森林和退化沼澤林中。Clarke CM 1997 Nepenthes of Borneo Natural History Publications Borneo Kota Kinabalu 在蘇門答臘和西馬來西亞，蘋果豬籠草生長於海拔 1100 米以下荒原森林的平坦地帶、巴丹疏林、、泥炭沼澤林、退化沼澤森林以及淺水區域中。Clarke CM 2001 Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia Natural History Publications Borneo Kota Kinabalu 在新幾內亞，蘋果豬籠草主要生長在南洋杉林中。亦曾發現於次生林、開放小型葉植被和低溼地植被中。 食蟲性 蘋果豬籠草與其他豬籠草相比，其捕獲獵物的數量極少，捕蟲籠內多為其他植物的落葉。因此，其被認為是靠吸收捕蟲籠內腐敗有機質釋放的營養素而獲取營養，由此看來，蘋果豬籠草已擁有部分的食腐性。 蘋果豬籠草已進化出了多種適應獲得落葉的特徵： 在豬籠草屬中，蘋果豬籠草是少數幾種捕蟲籠中缺少 新月形 細胞的物種。Pant DD S Bhatnagar 1977 Morphological studies in Nepenthes Nepenthaceae Phytomorphology 27 1334Moran JA BJ Hawkins BE Gowen SL Robbins 2010 Ion fluxes across the pitcher walls of three Bornean Nepenthes pitcher plant species flux rates and gland distribution patterns reflect nitrogen sequestration strategies Journal of Experimental Botany 61 5 13651374 這些經過形態改變的氣孔保衛細胞，被認為可以讓昆蟲更加容易地滑入籠中。 不同於其他豬籠草，蘋果豬籠草的籠蓋較小，且是向內翻折的，有助於落葉直接落入籠中。 在捕食昆蟲時起到重要作用的蜜腺已經極為罕見，某些變型的籠蓋上甚至已經完全消失。 與其他物種相比，唇上的蜜腺也大量減少。 在地面籠中，腺體區幾乎延伸到了唇，而唇上只有少量或幾乎沒有蠟質區，Macfarlane JM 1893 Observations on pitchered insectivorous plants Part II Annals of Botany 7 4 403458Jebb MHP 1991 An account of Nepenthes in New Guinea Science in New Guinea 17 1 754Di Giusto B M Guéroult N Rowe L Gaume 2009 Chapter 7 The Waxy Surface in Nepenthes Pitcher Plants Variability Adaptive Significance and Developmental Evolution In SN Gorb ed Functional Surfaces in Biology Adhesion Related Phenomena Volume 2 Springer pp 183204 而蠟質區的作用是使昆蟲滑落入籠中的消化液裡。 蘋果豬籠草具有豬籠草屬中是十分少見的地下莖，讓捕蟲籠可以如同地毯一般覆蓋住土壤，擴大了接住落葉的區域範圍。 蘋果豬籠草的捕蟲籠可以維持相對較長時間不枯萎，因為該物種有賴於逐步積累吸收到的營養素。 一些豬籠草底內動物，如孑孓，被認為能夠促進落葉的分解，並透過排洩銨離子的方式為植物轉化出可利用的氮。一些分解落葉的細菌也可以幫助產生銨離子。 蘋果豬籠草的捕蟲籠也是一部分水生生物的繁殖場所。 這些葉片為它的生長提供了大量的營養。實驗表明，生長於森林樹冠下的蘋果豬籠草，其葉內氮 15 的丰度要遠低於沒有落葉供給的同類。然而，前者總體的氮濃度卻高於生長於空曠地帶的後者。2003 年的研究估算，生長於森林樹冠下的蘋果豬籠草，其葉內有 357 的氮素來自落葉。2011 年的研究發現，蘋果豬籠草葉片 427（55）和捕蟲籠 548（70）的氮素來源於落葉，這表明食腐可增加葉片的淨光合速率。 底內生物 在蘋果豬籠草的捕蟲籠內已記錄到了 59 種底內生物。Adlassnig W M Peroutka T Lendl 2011 Traps of carnivorous pitcher plants as a habitat composition of the fluid biodiversity and mutualistic activities Annals of Botany 107 2 181194 已知最小的舊大陸蛙 豬籠草姬蛙和一種蟹蛛 豬籠草花蛛，生存於蘋果豬籠草的捕蟲籠中。Das I A Haas 2010 Zootaxa 2571 3752Gururaja KV 2010 Current Science 99 8 1000 種下類群 記載中最常見的變種是發現於沙撈越的總狀蘋果豬籠草，其具有總狀花序。BH丹瑟將其餘視為非重要的變種。Danser BH 1928 The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg Série III 9 34 249438 已發表的品種包括：Schlauer J Nd Nepenthes ampullaria Carnivorous Plant Database N ampullacea var picta HortParker ex Rafarin 1869 N ampullacea var vittata HortVan Houtte ex Rafarin 1869 N ampullaria var geelvinkiana Becc 1886 N ampullaria var guttata DMoore 1872 Moore D 1872 On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin The Gardeners Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872 11 359360 N ampullaria var longicarpa Becc 1886 N ampullaria var microsepala Macfarl 1911 N ampullaria var papuana Becc in sched nomnud N ampullaria var racemosa JHAdam Wilcock 1990 N ampullaria var viridis Hort ex Teijsm 1859 Teysmann MJE 1859 Énumération des plantes envoyées de Java au jardin botanique de lUniversité de Leide Annales 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di Sumatera Barat Project report Andalas University Padang Abstract Syamsuardi 1995 Klasifikasi numerik kantong semar Nepenthes di Sumatera Barat Numerical classification of pitcher plants Nepenthes in West Sumatra Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam 4 1 4857 Abstract Takeuchi Y MM Salcher M Ushio R ShimizuInatsugi MJ Kobayashi B Diway C von Mering J Pernthaler KK Shimizu 2011 In situ enzyme activity in the dissolved and particulate fraction of the fluid from four pitcher plant species of the genus Nepenthes PLoS ONE 6 9 e25144 Tan WK CL Wong 1996 Aerial pitchers of Nepenthes ampullaria Nature Malaysiana 21 1 1214 Teo LL 2001 Study of natural hybridisation in some tropical plants using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis MSc thesis Nanyang Technological University Singapore Thorogood C 2010 The Malaysian Nepenthes Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives Nova Science Publishers New York Wong D 1996 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 25 1 1014 Yogiara A Suwanto MT Suhartono 2006 A complex bacterial community living in pitcher plant fluid Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia 11 1 914 擴充套件閱讀 食蟲植物照片搜尋引擎中蘋果豬籠草的照片 NA Nepenthes ampullaria ampullaria NA NA NA NA NA