國際和平局是成立於 1891 年的國際非政府組織，是世界上最早成立的國際和平組織，1910 年獲得諾貝爾和平獎。1913 年，亨利拉方丹也以國際和平局局長的身份獲得諾貝爾和平獎。截至 2012 年，共有 12 名國際和平局成員獲得諾貝爾和平獎 。 The International Peace Bureau IPB founded in 1891 is one of the worlds oldest international peace federations The organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910 for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries In 1913 Henri La Fontaine was also awarded the Prize For his work as head of the International Peace Bureau eleven other Nobel Peace Prize laureates have been members of the IPB Its membership consists of 300 organizations in 70 countries IPBs headquarters are located in Berlin Germany with offices in Barcelona Spain and Geneva Switzerland Prior to 2017 the headquarters were in Geneva Its main programmes are the Global Campaign on Military Spending GCOMS and disarmament for sustainable development which focuses both on nuclear and conventional weapons as well as biological weapons landmines and small arms IPB holds Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council ECOSOC and associate status with the United Nations Department of Global Communications IPB was founded under the name Permanent International Peace Bureau Bureau International Permanent de la Paix From 1912 onward it used the name International Peace Bureau Between 1946 and 1961 it was known under the name International Liaison Committee of Organizations for Peace ILCOP Comité de liaison international des organisations de paix CLIOP Global Campaign on Military Spending The Global Campaign on Military Spending GCOMS is a permanent global yearround campaign that was created in December 2014 by the IPB to tackle the worldwide issue of excessive military spending The aim of the campaign is to pressure the worlds governments to invest money in the sectors of health education employment and climate change rather than military It also calls for an annual minimum reallocation of 10 from the military budgets of all states Finally it advocates the reduction of arms production and international weapons trade The campaign organises the Global Day of Action on Military Spending GDAMS to bring public media and political attention to the costs of military spending and the need to invest in new priorities GCOMS is managed from the decentralised Barcelona Spain office of IPB in coordination with Centre Delàs of Peace Studies More than 100 organisations from 35 countries have joined the campaign Nuclear disarmament activism IPB has been in the forefront of nuclear disarmament activities since 1945 including Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons NPT Comprehensive NuclearTestBan Treaty CTBT World Court Project Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons TPNW Currently the IPB is campaigning to encourage the signing and ratification of the TPNW so that it may enter into force Seán MacBride Peace Prize Established in 1992 the Seán MacBride Peace Prize is awarded by the International Peace Bureau to a person or organisation that has done outstanding work for peace disarmament andor human rights It is named after Seán MacBride a Nobel Peace Prize winner who was chairman of the IPB from 1968 to 1974 and president from 1974 to 1985 Recipients The following are the recipients of the Seán MacBride Peace Prize since its inception in 1992 Year Recipient Notes Reference 1992 Michael D Higgins 1993 Motarilavoa Hilda Lini Played a key role in the WHOs decision to approve a request to the World Court on the legal status of nuclear weapons 1994 Mordechai Vanunu Sentenced to 18 years solitary confinement for revealing details of Israels nuclear arsenal 1995 The Committee of Soldiers Mothers of Russia Foremost among Russian citizens groups opposing the war in Chechnya 1996 Selim Bešlagić For his fight against nationalism ethnic cleansing and intolerance during his countrys war 1997 Seeds of Hope Group For disarming a Hawk aircraft bound for Indonesia 1998 John Hume For his contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process 1999 Barbara Gladysch For her extraordinary and yearlong commitment to disarmament and practical solidarity with victims of wars and disasters 2000 1 Praful Bidwai 2 Achin Vanaik For being at the forefront of the international campaign against the nuclearisation of South Asia 2001 Rosalie Bertell For her lifelong engagement to the cause of peace and for her deep concern for the wellbeing of peoples all over the planet 2002 Barbara Lee For her sole vote against the bombing of Afghanistan 2003 Nihon Hidankyō Survivors of the A bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 They have devoted the rest of their lives to the elimination of nuclear weapons 2004 Geneva Initiative on the Middle East 2005 No award made 2006 Mayors for Peace 1 Tadatoshi Akiba 2 Iccho Itoh For its achievements in arousing international public demand for the abolition of nuclear weapons and lasting world peace 2007 Jayantha Dhanapala For his dedication to the cause of disarmament and his initiatives towards creating the Central Asian NuclearWeapons Free Zone 2008 Jacqueline Cabasso For her years of outstanding work with NGOs and initiatives toward peace and the abolition of nuclear weapons 2009 Betty Reardon For her contribution to peace education and to the wider peace movement 2010 Binalakshmi Nepram For her extraordinary efforts to promote disarmament and an end to gun violence in India 2011 1 Hanaa Edwar 2 Dr Peter Becker 1 For her contribution to the advancement of democracy and human rights as well as her firm stand against violence and war 2 For his work with the German section of the International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms IALANA 2012 1 Lina Ben Mhenni 2 Nawal El Saadawi For showing great courage and substantial contributions to what is known as the Arab Spring 2013 Chelsea Manning For her courageous actions in revealing information about US war crimes 2014 The People and Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands For courageously taking the nine nuclear weaponspossessing countries to the International Court of Justice to enforce compliance with the NonProliferation Treaty and international customary law 2015 The People and the Island Communities of Lampedusa Italy and Jeju Island South Korea For showing a profound commitment to peace and social justice 2016 IPB SecretaryGeneral Colin Archer For 26 years in the service of peace and of the IPB community 2017 1 All Okinawa Council Against Henoko New Base 2 Noam Chomsky 3 Jeremy Corbyn 1 For its unflagging commitment to close the Futemna Marine Air Base and for its nonviolent opposition to the construction of a massive new air land and sea base in Henoko 2 For his tireless commitment to peace his strong critiques to US foreign policy and his antiimperialism 3 For his sustained and powerful political work for disarmament and peace 2018 1 Association For Historical Dialogue and Research and Home for Cooperation 2 Helena Maleno 3 Douglas Roche 1 For its efforts and promotion of a Culture of Peace and as well as the peace building activities 2 For her efforts to save hundreds of lives in the Mediterranean Sea and her strong commitment to defending human rights 3 For his tireless efforts to promote international peace and disarmament 2019 1 Bruce Kent 2 Elayne Whyte Gómez 1 An internationally known peace activist and a real peace hero who even in his 90th year remains an active campaigner and organizer for peace and human rights 2 For her invaluable contribution to the completion of the historic Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2020 Black Lives Matter For its leading roles in building resistance to and transforming local policies against systemic police violence and extrajudicial murders of Black people across the United States Leadership At the Triennial Assembly held in London on October 19 2019 a new group of IPB officials was elected President The current copresidents are Country Name Philip Jennings Lisa Clark Treasurer The current Treasurer is Country Name Lucas Wirl Vicepresidents The vicepresidents deputise for the president when necessary The current vicepresidents are Country Name Jordi Calvo Corazon Valdez Fabros Joseph Gerson Dave Webb Board members The board members are the following Country Name Alain Rouy Arielle Denis Binalakshmi Nepram Enkhsaikhan Jargalsaikhan Jun Kyu Lee Patricia Perez Rieko AsatoKodama Yeshua MoserPuangsuwan Steve Staples Etienne De Jonghe Council members The Council members are the following persons Country Name Surender Singh Rajpurohit Kwaku Addai Lisa Silvestre AYoung Moon Sara Medi Jones Chloé Meulewaeter Angelo Cardona Emily Rubino Ann Wright Jurvey Balkrishna Ejimole Fidel Onwuekwe Oleg Viktorovich Bodrov Tamara Lorincz Jenny Clegg Stephan Möhrle Staff The staff members are the following persons Country Name Reiner Braun Amela Skiljan Quique Sánchez Nobel Peace Prizes IPBs work was rewarded by the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910 which has also been awarded to some of its members 1901 Frédéric Passy France IPB council member 1902 Élie Ducommun and Albert Gobat Switzerland first honorary secretaries of IPB 1905 Bertha von Suttner Austria writer and honorary vicepresident of IPB 1907 Ernesto Moneta Italy IPB council member 1908 Fredrik Bajer Denmark honorary president of IPB 1910 The International Peace Bureau 1911 Alfred Fried Austria IPB council member 1913 Henri La Fontaine Belgium president of IPB 1927 Ludwig Quidde Germany IPB council member 1959 Philip NoelBaker United Kingdom IPB vicepresident 1962 Linus Pauling United States IPB vicepresident 1974 Seán MacBride Ireland IPB chairman and president 1982 Alva Myrdal Sweden IPB vicepresident Presidents The IPB has a copresident system that ensures a genderbalance among leadership Each president can currently serve up to two terms of three years Henri La Fontaine 19071943The Nobel Peace Prize 19012000 Nobelprizeorg Nobel Media AB 2014 Web 1 Mar 2017 httpwwwnobelprizeorgnobel_prizesthemespeacelundestadreviewindexhtml Ernst Wolf 19631974 Seán MacBride 19741985 Bruce Kent 19851992 Maj Britt Theorin 19922000 Cora Weiss 20002006 Tomas Magnusson 20062013 Ingeborg Breines 20092016 Reiner Braun 20132019 Lisa Clark 2016present Philip Jennings 2019present 參見 參考 參考文獻 Gobat Albert，《Développement du Bureau international permanent de la paix》（國際和平局發展史），Bern，1910 年。 Herz Ulrich，《The International Peace Bureau History Aims Activities》（國際和平局：歷史、目標、活動） Geneva，1969 年。 From Nobel Lectures Peace 19011925 Editor Frederick W Haberman Elsevier Publishing Company Amsterdam 1972 Gobat Albert Développement du Bureau international permanent de la paix Bern 1910 Herz Ulrich The International Peace Bureau History Aims Activities Geneva 1969 From Nobel Lectures Peace 19011925 Editor Frederick W Haberman Elsevier Publishing Company Amsterdam 1972 外部連結 GCOMS website International 國際和平局官方網站 Category 國際和平運動組織 Category 獲得諾貝爾和平獎的組織