科普利獎章是英國皇家學會每年頒發的科學獎章，以獎勵 在任何科學分支上的傑出成就。始於 1731 年授予斯蒂芬格雷的科普利獎章是皇家學會仍在頒發的最古老的科學獎章，也是世界上最早的科學獎章。 歷史 獎章起始於（Sir Godfrey Copley）在 1709 年捐贈 100 英磅作為實驗研究的基金，該基金的使用規則被更改過數次。於 1731 年開始頒發，也是當時科學界的最高榮譽之一。在 1736 年，有人提議基金應該改成獎章或是獎金的方式頒發給最值得贊助的實驗研究。到 1831 年，規則更改為由英國皇家學會決定頒發獎金給最值得獲獎的研究員。1881 年，喬瑟夫威廉科普利爵士 Sir Joseph William Copley 再度捐贈 40 萬舊便士作為基金，使用該基金的利息用來製作獎章。 目前的獎章由鍍銀的形式，以及頒發 25000 元英鎊獎金。 科普利獎章沒有獲獎次數的限制，有斯蒂芬格雷等多位科學家獲得過兩次科普利獎章，約翰西奧菲勒斯德札古利埃是唯一一位獲得過三次科普利獎章的科學家。另外，還有多個年份的獎章以不同的獲獎理由頒發給兩位及以上科學家，其中 1766 年的科普利獎章頒發給了亨利卡文迪什等三人。 自 20 世紀後，有許多諾貝爾獎獲得者也獲得了科普利獎章，包括 17 位物理學獎獲得者，21 位生理學或醫學獎獲得者以及 14 位化學獎獲得者，共計 52 位（截止 2013 年）。1976 年，多蘿西霍奇金成為第一位獲得過科普利獎章的女性，2021 年的約瑟琳貝爾伯奈爾則是第二位獲得科普利獎章的女性科學家。 歷屆得主 17311800 年份 獲獎者 肖像 獲獎理由 注 1731 年 斯蒂芬格雷 For his new Electrical Experiments as an encouragement to him for the readiness he has always shown in obliging the Society with his discoveries and improvements in this part of Natural Knowledge 1732 年 斯蒂芬格雷 For the Experiments he made for the year 1732 1733 年 未頒發 1734 年 約翰西奧菲勒斯德札古利埃 In consideration of his several Experiments performed before the Society 1735 年 未頒發 1736 年 約翰西奧菲勒斯德札古利埃 For his experiments made during the year 1737 年 For his Experiment to show the property of a Diet of Madder Root in dyeing the Bones of living animals of a red colour 1738 年 For his invention of an Engine for driving the Piles to make a Foundation for the Bridge to be erected at Westminster the Model whereof had been shown to the Society 1739 年 For his Experiments towards the Discovery of Medicines for dissolving the Stone and Preservatives for keeping Meat in long voyages at Sea 1740 年 For his Lectures on Muscular Motion As a further addition for his services to the Society in the care and pains he has taken therein 1741 年 約翰西奧菲勒斯德札古利埃 For his Experiments towards the discovery of the properties of Electricity As an addition to his allowance as Curator for the present year 1742 年 For the communication of his Observations in the attempt of discovering a NorthWest passage to the East Indies through Hudsons Bay 1743 年 For his Experiments on the Polypus 1744 年 亨利貝克 For his curious Experiments relating to the Crystallization or Configuration of the minute particles of Saline Bodies dissolved in a menstruum 1745 年 威廉沃森 On account of the surprising discoveries in the phenomena of Electricity exhibited in his late Experiments 1746 年 本傑明羅賓斯 On account of his curious Experiments for showing the resistance of the Air and his rules for establishing his doctrine thereon for the motion of Projectiles 1747 年 On account of several very curious Experiments exhibited by him both with Natural and Artificial Magnets 1748 年 詹姆斯布拉德雷 On account of his very curious and wonderful discoveries in the apparent motion of the Fixed Stars and the causes of such apparent motion 1749 年 約翰哈里森 On account of those very curious Instruments invented and made by him for the exact mensuration of Time 1750 年 On account of a very curious Book lately published by him and intiyled A Natural History of Birds c containing the Figures elegantly drawn and illuminated in their proper colours of 209 different Birds and about 20 very rare Quadrupeds Serpents Fishes and Insects 1751 年 約翰坎通 On account of his communicating to the Society and exhibiting before them his curious method of making Artificial Magnets without the use of Natural ones 1752 年 On account of his very curious and useful Experiments and Observations on Septic and Antiseptic Substances communicated to the Society 1753 年 班傑明富蘭克林 On account of his curious Experiments and Observations on Electricity 1754 年 For the many Experiments made by him on Platina which tend to the discovery of the sophistication of gold which he would have entirely completed but was obliged to put a stop to his further enquiries for want of materials 1755 年 For his many useful Experiments on Antimony of which an account had been read to the Society 1756 年 未頒發 1757 年 On account of his very curious and useful invention of making Thermometers showing respectively the greatest degrees of heat and cold which have happened at any time during the absence of the observer 1758 年 約翰多倫德 On account of his curious Experiments and Discoveries concerning the different refrangibility of the Rays of Light communicated to the Society 1759 年 On account of his curious Experiments concerning Waterwheels and Windmill Sails communicated to the Society For his experimental enquiry concerning the powers of water and wind in the moving of Mills 1760 年 For his many curious Experiments in Electricity communicated to the Society within the year因為他在電學方面進行了許多有趣的實驗，並在年內向學會彙報了這些實驗 1761 年 未頒發 1762 年 未頒發 1763 年 未頒發 1764 年 約翰坎通 For his very ingenious and elegant Experiments in the Air Pump and Condensing Engine to prove the Compressibility of Water and some other Fluids因他在空氣泵和冷凝機方面進行了非常巧妙和優雅的實驗，證明了水和一些其他流體的壓縮性 1765 年 未頒發 1766 年 威廉布朗裡格 For an experimental enquiry into the Mineral Elastic Spirit or Air contained in SpaWater as well as into the Mephitic qualities of this Spirit 1766 年 For his Experiments and Observations on the agreement between the specific gravities of the several Metals and their colours when united to glass as well as those of their other preparations 1766 年 亨利卡文迪什 For his Paper communicated this present year containing his Experiments relating to Fixed Air 1767 年 1768 年 1769 年 1770 年 威廉漢密爾頓 For his Paper entitled An Account of a Journey to Mount Etna因其論文《埃特納火山旅記》 1771 年 1772 年 約瑟夫普利斯特里 On account of the many curious and useful Experiments contained in his observations因他對不同種類的空氣進行了許多有趣而有用的實驗 1773 年 1774 年 未頒發 1775 年 內維爾馬斯基林 In consideration of his curious and laborious Observations on the Attraction of Mountains made in Scotland on Schehallien 1776 年 詹姆斯庫克 For his Paper giving an account of the method he had taken to preserve the health of the crew of HM Ship the Resolution during her late voyage round the world Whose communication to the Society was of such importance to the public 1777 年 1778 年 1779 年 未頒發 1780 年 For his paper entitled An investigation of the Principles of Progressive and Rotatory Motion printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1781 年 威廉赫歇爾 For the Communication of his Discovery of a new and singular Star a discovery which does him particular honour as in all probability this star has been for many years perhaps ages within the bounds of astronomic vision and yet till now eluded the most diligent researches of other observers 1782 年 1783 年 約翰古德利克 For his discovery of the Period of the Variation of Light in the Star Algol 1783 年 For his Experiments to ascertain the point of Mercurial Congelation 1784 年 愛德華華林 For his Mathematical Communications to the Society For his Paper On the Summation of Series whose general term is a determinate function of z the distance from the first term of the series 1785 年 1786 年 未頒發 1787 年 約翰亨特 For his three Papers On the Ovaria On the identity of the dog wolf and jackall species and On the anatomy of Whales printed in the Philosophical Transactions for 1787 1788 年 For his two Papers on Congelation printed in the last 78th volume of the Philosophical transactions 1789 年 1790 年 未頒發 1791 年 1792 年 本傑明湯普森 For his various Papers on the Properties and Communication of Heat 1793 年 未頒發 1794 年 亞歷山德羅伏特 For his several Communications explanatory of certain Experiments published by Professor Galvani 1795 年 For his various inventions and improvements in the construction of the Instruments for the Trigonometrical measurements carried on by the late Major General Roy and by Lieut Col Williams and his associates 1796 年 喬治阿特伍德 For his Paper on the construction and analysis of geometrical propositions determining the positions assumed by homogeneal bodies which float freely and at rest and also determining the Stability of Ships and other floating bodies 1797 年 未頒發 1798 年 喬治沙克伯勒 伊夫林爵士 For his various Communications printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1798 年 查理斯哈契特 For his Chemical Communications printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1799 年 For his improved Solution of a problem in Physical Astronomy c printed in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1798 and his other Mathematical Papers 1800 年 愛德華查爾斯霍華德 For his Paper on a New Fulminating Mercury 18011850 年份 獲獎者 肖像 獲獎理由 注 1801 年 For his Papers on the effects which take place from the destruction of the Membrana Tympani of the Ear with an account of an operation for the removal of a particular species of Deafness 1802 年 For his various Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1803 年 For his various Chemical Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1804 年 史密森特南特 For his various Chemical Discoveries communicated to the Society and printed in several volumes of the Philosophical Transactions 1805 年 漢弗裡戴維 For his various Communications published in the Philosophical Transactions 1806 年 托馬斯安德魯奈特 For his various Papers on Vegetation printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1807 年 For his various Papers on Anatomy and Physiology printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1808 年 威廉亨利 For his various papers communicated to the society and printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1809 年 For the Account of his Method of dividing Astronomical Instruments printed in the last volume of the Philosophical Transactions 1810 年 未頒發 1811 年 本傑明柯林斯布羅迪 For his Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions On the influence of the Brain on the action of the Heart and the generation of Animal Heat and on the different modes in which death is brought on by certain Vegetable Poisons 1812 年 未頒發 1813 年 威廉托馬斯布蘭德 For his Communications concerning the Alcohol contained in Fermented Liquors and other Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions因為他在《自然科學會報》上發表的關於發酵酒中酒精含量的通訊 1814 年 詹姆斯艾沃裡 For his various Mathematical Contributions printed in the Philosophical Transactions因為他在《自然科學會報》上發表的各種數學貢獻 1815 年 大衛布儒斯特 For his Paper on the Polarization of Light by Reflection from Transparent Bodies因他關於透明物體的光的偏振的論文 1816 年 未頒發 1817 年 1818 年 1819 年 未頒發 1820 年 漢斯奧斯特 For his Electromagnetic Discoveries 1821 年 愛德華薩賓 For his various Communications to the Royal Society relating to his researches made in the late Expedition to the Arctic Regions 1821 年 約翰赫歇爾 For his Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions 1822 年 威廉布克蘭 For his Paper on the Fossil Teeth and Bones discovered in a Cave at Kirkdale 1823 年 1824 年 1825 年 弗朗索瓦阿拉戈 For the Discovery of the Magnetic Properties of substances not containing Iron For the Discovery of the power of various bodies principally metallic to receive magnetic impressions in the same though in a more evanescent manner than malleable Iron and in an infinitely less intense degree 1825 年 For his various Communications on the subject of Magnetism 1826 年 1827 年 1828 年 未頒發 1829 年 未頒發 1830 年 未頒發 1831 年 喬治比德爾艾裡 For his Papers On the principle of the construction of the Achromatic Eyepieces of Telescopes On the Spherical Aberration of the Eyepieces of Telescopes and for other Papers on Optical Subjects in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 1832 年 麥可法拉第 For his discovery of MagnetoElectricity as detailed in his Experimental Researches in Electricity published in the Philosophical Transactions for the present year 1832 年 西莫恩帕松 For his work entitled Nouvelle Theorie de lAction Capillaire 1833 年 未頒發 1834 年 1835 年 1836 年 永斯貝採利烏斯 For his systematic application of the doctrine of definite proportions to the analysis of mineral bodies as contained in his Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie and in other of his works 1836 年 For his discoveries relating to the structure of the liver as detailed in his paper communicated to the Royal Society and published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1833 1837 年 For his various memoirs on the subject of electricity published in the Memoires deacademie Royale des Sciences de lInstitut de France and particularly for those on the production of crystals of metallic sulphurets and of sulphur by the longcontinued action of electricity of very low tension and published in the tenth volume of those Memoires 1837 年 約翰弗雷德里克丹尼爾 For his two papers on voltaic combinations published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836 1838 年 卡爾弗里德里希高斯 For his inventions and mathematical researches in magnetism 1838 年 邁克爾法拉第 For his researches in specific electrical induction 1839 年 羅伯特布朗 For his discoveries during a series of years on the subject of vegetable impregnation 1840 年 尤斯圖斯馮李比希 For his discoveries in organic chemistry and particularly for his development of the composition and theory of organic radicals 1840 年 雅克夏爾弗朗索瓦施圖姆 For hisMemoire sur la Resolution des Equations Numeriquespublished in the Memoires des Savans Etrangers for 1835 1841 年 格奧爾格歐姆 For his researches into the laws of electric currents contained in various memoirs published in Schweiggers Journal Poggendorffs Annalen and in a separate work entitled Die galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet 1842 年 For his researches connected with the wave theory of light contained in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy 1843 年 讓 巴蒂斯特杜馬 For his late valuable researches in organic chemistry particularly those contained in a series of memoirs on chemical types and the doctrine of substitution and also for his elaborate investigations of the atomic weights of carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen and other elements 1844 年 For his various researches in animal electricity因他在動物電學方面的各種研究 1845 年 特奧多爾施萬 For his physiological researches on the development of animal vegetable textures published in his work entitled Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur u dem Wachsthun der Thiese u Bflanzen 1846 年 於爾班勒威耶 For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus by which he proved the existence and predicted the place of the new Planet the Council considering such prediction confirmed as it was by the immediate discovery of the Planet to be one of the proudest triumphs of modern analysis applied to the Newtonian Theory of Gravitation 1847 年 約翰赫歇爾 For his work entitled Results of Astronomical Observations made during the years 1834 1835 1836 1837 and 1838 at the Cape of Good Hope being a completion of a telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens commenced in 1825 1848 年 約翰柯西亞當斯 For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus and for his application of the inverse problem of perturbations thereto 1849 年 羅德里克麥奇生 For the eminent services he has rendered to geological science during many years of active observation in several parts of Europe and especially for the establishment of that classification of the older Palaeozoic deposits designated the Silurian System as set forth in the two works entitled The Silurian System founded on Geological Researches in England and The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains 1850 年 For his researches in physical astronomy因他在物理天文學方面的研究 18511900 年份 獲獎者 肖像 獲獎理由 注 1851 年 理查歐文 On account of his important discoveries in comparative anatomy palaeontology contained in the Philosophical Transactions and numerous other works 1852 年 亞歷山大馮洪堡 For his eminent services in terrestrial physics during a series of years 1853 年 For his work on the distribution of heat over the surface of the Earth 1854 年 約翰內斯彼得繆勒 For his important contributions to different branches of physiology and comparative anatomy and particularly for his researches on the embryology of the Echinodermata contained in a series of memoirs published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin 1855 年 萊昂傅科 For his various researches in experimental physics 1856 年 For his researches in comparative anatomy and zoology 1857 年 米歇爾歐仁謝弗勒爾 For his researches in organic chemistry particularly on the composition of the fats and for his researches on the contrast of coulours 1858 年 查爾斯萊爾 For his various researches and writings by which he has contributed to the advance of geology 1859 年 威廉韋伯 For the investigations contained in his Maasbestimmungen and other researches in electricity magnetism acoustics 1860 年 羅伯特威廉本生 For his researches on cacodyls gaseous analysis the Voltaire phenomena of Iceland and other researches 1861 年 路易斯阿加西 For his eminent researches in palaeontology and other branches of science and particularly for his great works the Poissons Fossiles and his Poissons du Vieux Gres Rouge dEcosse 1862 年 托馬斯格雷姆 For three memoirs of the diffusion of liquids published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1850 and 1851 for a memoir on osmotic force in the Philosophical Transactions for 1854 and particularly for a paper on liquid diffusion applied to analysis including a distinction of compounds into colloids crystalloids published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1861 1863 年 亞當塞奇威克 For his original observations and discoveries in the geology of the Palaeozoic Series of rocks and more especially for his determination of the characters of the Devonian System by observations of the order of superposition of the Killas rocks their fossils in Devonshire 因其在古生代岩石系地質學方面的原始觀察和發現，尤其是透過觀察德文郡基拉斯岩石及其化石的疊加順序，確定了泥盆紀系統的特徵 1864 年 查爾斯達爾文 For his important researches in geology zoology and botanical physiology 因其在地質學、動物學和植物生理學方面的重要研究 1865 年 米歇爾沙勒 For his historical and original researches in pure geometry 1866 年 尤利烏斯普呂克 For his researches in analytical geometry magnetism spectral analysis 1867 年 卡爾恩斯特馮貝爾 For his discoveries in embryology and comparative anatomy and for his contributions to the philosophy of zoology 1868 年 查爾斯惠斯通 For his researches in acoustics optics electricity and magnetism 1869 年 亨利維克托勒尼奧 For the second volume of his Relation des Experiences pour determiner les lois et les donnees physiques necessaries au calcul des machines a feu including his elaborate investigations on the specific heat of gases and vapours and various papers on the elastic force of vapours 1870 年 詹姆斯焦耳 For his experimental researches on the dynamical theory of heat 1871 年 尤利烏斯羅伯特馮邁爾 For his researches on the mechanics of heat including essays on 1 The force of inorganic nature 2 Organic motion in connection with nutrition 3 Fever 4 Celestial dynamics 5 The mechanical equivalent of heat 1872 年 弗里德里希維勒 For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry and more especially for his researches on the products of the decomposition of cyanogens by ammonia on the derivatives of uric acid on the benzoyl series on boron silicon their compounds and on meteoric stones 1873 年 赫爾曼馮亥姆霍茲 For his researches in physics and physiology 1874 年 路易巴斯德 For his researches on fermentation and on pelerine 1875 年 奧古斯特威廉馮霍夫曼 For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry and especially for his researches on the derivatives of ammonia 1876 年 克洛德貝爾納 For his numerous contributions to the science of physiology 1877 年 詹姆斯德懷特丹納 For his biological geological and mineralogical investigations carried on through half a century and for the valuable works in which his conclusions and discoveries have been published 1878 年 JB布森戈 For his longcontinued and important researches and discoveries in agricultural chemistry 1879 年 魯道夫克勞修斯 For his wellknown researches upon heat 1880 年 詹姆斯約瑟夫西爾維斯特 For his long continued investigations discoveries in mathematics 1881 年 查爾斯 阿道夫武爾茨 For his discovery of the organic ammonias the glycols and other investigations which have exercised considerable influence on the progress of chemistry 1882 年 阿瑟凱萊 For his numerous profound and comprehensive researches in pure mathematics 1883 年 威廉湯姆森 For 1 his discovery of the law of the universal dissipation of energy 2 his researches and eminent services in physics both experimental mathematical especially in the theory of electricity and thermodynamics 1884 年 卡爾路德維希 For his investigations in physiology and the great services which he has rendered to physiological science 1885 年 弗里德里希奧古斯特凱庫勒 For his researches in organic chemistry 1886 年 For his researches in theoretical optics and electrodynamics 1887 年 約瑟夫道爾頓胡克 For his services to botanical science as an investigator author and traveller 1888 年 托馬斯亨利赫胥黎 For his investigations on the morphology and histology of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and for his services to biological science in general during many past years 1889 年 喬治薩蒙 For his various papers on subjects of pure mathematics and for the valuable mathematical treatises of which he is the author 1890 年 西蒙紐康 For his contributions to the progress of gravitational astronomy 1891 年 斯坦尼斯勞坎尼扎羅 For his contributions to chemical philosophy especially for his application of Avogadros theory 1892 年 魯道夫菲爾紹 For his investigations in pathology pathological anatomy and prehistoric archaeology 1893 年 喬治斯托克斯 For his researches and discoveries in physical science 因他在物理科學方面的研究和發現 1894 年 愛德華弗蘭克蘭 For his eminent services to theoretical applied chemistry 因其對理論和應用化學的傑出貢獻 1895 年 卡爾魏爾斯特拉斯 For his investigations in pure mathematics 因其在純數學方面的研究 1896 年 卡爾根格包爾 For his lifelong researches in comparative anatomy in all branches of the animal kingdom etc etc 因他畢生致力於動物界各個分支的比較解剖學研究等等 1897 年 阿爾伯特馮科立克 In recognition of his important work in embryology comparative anatomy and physiology and especially for his eminence as a histologist 以表彰他在胚胎學、比較解剖學和生理學方面的重要工作，尤其是他作為組織學家的卓越貢獻 1898 年 威廉哈金斯 For his researches in spectrum analysis applied to the heavenly bodies 因其對應用於天體的光譜分析研究 1899 年 約翰斯特拉特 In recognition of his contributions to physical science 因其對物理科學的貢獻 1900 年 馬塞蘭貝特洛 For his brilliant services to chemical science 為他對化學科學做出的傑出貢獻 19011950 年份 獲獎者 肖像 獲獎理由 注 1901 年 約西亞吉布斯 For his contributions to mathematical physics 對數學物理做出的貢獻 1902 年 約瑟夫李斯特 In recognition of the value of his physiological and pathological researches in regard to their influence on the modern practice of surgery 為他的生理學和病理學研究對現代手術實踐所造成的影響 1903 年 愛德華修斯 For his eminent geological services especially for the original researches conclusions published in his great work Das Antlitz der Erde 為他在地質學上的貢獻，特別是總結發表在《地球的面貌》中傑出的原創工作 1904 年 威廉克魯克斯 For his longcontinued researches in spectroscopic chemistry on electrical mechanical phenomena in highlyrarefied gases on radioactive phenomena and other subjects 為其長期從事光譜化學、稀有氣體的電學和力學現象、放射性現象和其他學科的研究 1905 年 門捷列夫 For his contributions to chemical and physical science 為其在化學及物理學上的貢獻 1906 年 伊利亞梅契尼可夫 On the ground of the importance of his work in zoology and in pathology 為其在動物學及病理學上的重要工作 1907 年 阿爾伯特邁克耳孫 On the ground of his investigations in optics 為其在光學領域的研究貢獻 1908 年 阿爾弗雷德拉塞爾華萊士 On the ground of the great value of his numerous contributions to natural history and of the part he took in working out the theory of the origin of species by natural selection 為其在自然史領域的許多有巨大價值的貢獻，及其在物種起源的自然選擇理論中的工作 1909 年 喬治希爾 On the ground of his researches in mathematical astronomy 以其在數學天文學領域的研究貢獻 1910 年 弗朗西斯高爾頓 On the ground of his researches in heredity 以其在遺傳學上的研究 1911 年 喬治達爾文 On the ground of his researches on tidal theory the figures of the planets and allied subjects 為其在、行星演算及相關領域上的研究貢獻 1912 年 菲利克斯克萊因 On the ground of his researches in mathematics 以其在數學上的研究貢獻 1913 年 雷蘭克斯特 On the ground of the high scientific value of the researches in zoology carried out by him 基於他開展的高科學價值的動物學研究 1914 年 約瑟夫湯姆森 On the ground of his discoveries in physical science 以其在物理科學上的發現 1915 年 巴甫洛夫 On the ground of his investigations in the physiology of digestion and of the higher centres of the nervous system 基於他對消化系統生理學和神經系統高階中樞的研究 1916 年 詹姆斯杜瓦 For his important investigations in physical chemistry more especially his researches on the liquefaction of gases 因他在物理化學方面的重要研究，尤其是他對氣體液化的研究 1917 年 On the ground of his eminence as a bacteriologist and as a pioneer in serum therapy 以其在細菌學領域的傑出貢獻，以及血清療法中的先鋒作用 1918 年 亨德里克洛倫茲 On the ground of his distinguished researches in mathematical physics 基於他在數學物理方面的傑出研究 1919 年 威廉貝利斯 On the ground of his researches in general physiology biophysics 基於他在普通生理學和生物物理學方面的研究 1920 年 On the ground of his work on the chemistry of carbohydrates c 基於他在碳水化合物等化學領域上的研究工作 1921 年 約瑟夫拉莫爾 For his researches in mathematical physics 以他在數學物理上的研究 1922 年 歐內斯特盧瑟福 For his researches in radio activity atomic structure 因他在放射性和原子結構上的研究 1923 年 賀拉斯蘭姆 For his researches in mathematical physics 以他在數學物理上的研究 1924 年 愛德華阿爾伯特沙佩 謝弗 For the valuable work he has done in physiology and histology and the position he now occupies as a leader in these sciences 因他在生理學和組織學方面所做的寶貴工作，以及他在這些科學領域的領導地位 1925 年 阿爾伯特愛因斯坦 For his theory of relativity and his contributions to the quantum theory 以其在相對論與量子論上的貢獻 1926 年 弗雷德里克霍普金斯 For his distinguished and fruitful work in biochemistry 因其在生物化學中的傑出且豐碩的成果 1927 年 查爾斯斯科特謝靈頓 For his distinguished work on neurology 以其在神經病學上的卓越成果 1928 年 查爾斯阿爾傑農帕森斯 For his contributions to engineering science 以其對工程科學的貢獻 1929 年 馬克斯普朗克 For his contributions to theoretical physics and especially as the originator of the quantum theory 因他在理論物理學上的貢獻，特別是作為量子理論的鼻祖 1930 年 威廉亨利布拉格 For his distinguished contributions to crystallography and radioactivity 對他在晶體學和放射現象上的卓越貢獻 1931 年 For his distinguished researches in optics and terrestrial magnetism 以其在光學和地磁學上的卓越研究 1932 年 喬治海爾 For his distinguished work on the solar magnetic phenomena and for his eminence as a scientific engineer especially in connexion with Mount Wilson Observatory 以其在太陽磁學現象方面上的傑出工作，以及作為一名科學工程師，在建立威爾遜山天文臺上的貢獻 1933 年 西奧博爾德史密斯 For his original research and observation on diseases of animals and man 因他對動物和人類疾病的觀察和原創研究 1934 年 約翰斯科特霍爾丹 In recognition of his discoveries in human physiology and of their application to medicine mining diving and engineering 以表彰他在人體生理學方面的發現及其在醫學、採礦、潛水和工程上的應用 1935 年 查爾斯威耳遜 For his work on the use of clouds in advancing our knowledge of atoms and their properties 因他利用雲室來提高我們對原子及其性質的認識 1936 年 阿瑟埃文斯 In recognition of his pioneer work in Crete particularly his contributions to the history and civilization of its Minoan age 感謝他在克里特島的先驅工作，特別是他對米諾斯文明和歷史的貢獻 1937 年 亨利哈利特戴爾 In recognition of his important contributions to physiology and pharmacology particularly in relation to the nervous and neuromuscular systems 以表彰他在生理學和藥理學方面的重要貢獻，特別是在神經和神經 肌肉系統方面 1938 年 尼爾斯波耳 In recognition of his distinguished work in the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure 以表彰他在發展原子結構的量子理論上的傑出工作 1939 年 托馬斯亨特摩爾根 For his establishment of the modern science of genetics which had revolutionized our understanding not only of heredity but of the mechanism and nature of evolution 因其創立了現代的遺傳學，這不僅徹底改變了我們對遺傳的理解，而且也改變了我們對進化機制和本質的理解 1940 年 保羅朗之萬 For his pioneer work on the electron theory of magnetism his fundamental contributions to discharge of electricity in gases and his important work in many branches of theoretical physics 因為他在磁性電子理論方面的開創性工作，他對氣體放電的基本貢獻，以及他在理論物理學的許多分支中的重要工作 1941 年 For his clinical and experimental investigations upon the mammalian heart 因其對哺乳動物心臟的臨床和實驗研究 1942 年 羅伯特魯賓遜 For his research work of outstanding originality and brilliance which has influenced the whole field of organic chemistry 因其研究工作具有突出的獨創性和才智，影響了整個有機化學領域 1943 年 約瑟夫巴克羅夫特 For his distinguished work on respiration and the respiratory function of the blood 因其在呼吸系統和血液呼吸功能方面的傑出工作 1944 年 傑弗裡泰勒 For his many contributions to aerodynamics hydrodynamics and the structure of metals which have had a profound influence on the advance of physical science and its applications 1945 年 奧斯瓦爾德埃弗裡 For his success in introducing chemical methods in the study of immunity against infective diseases 1946 年 埃德加阿德里安 For his distinguished researches on the fundamental nature of nervous activity and recently on the localization of certain nervous functions 1947 年 戈弗雷哈羅德哈代 For his distinguished part in the development of mathematical analysis in England during the last thirty years 1948 年 阿奇博爾德希爾 For his distinguished researches on myothermal problems and on biophysical phenomena in nerve and other tissues 1949 年 喬治德海韋西 For his distinguished work on the chemistry of radioactive elements and especially for his development of the radioactive tracer techniques in the investigation of biological processes 1950 年 詹姆斯查德威克 For his outstanding work in nuclear physics and in the development of atomic energy especially for his discovery of the neutron 19512000 年份 獲獎者 肖像 獲獎理由 注 1951 年 For his fundamental researches in the fields of protozoology entomology and the biochemistry of enzymes 1952 年 保羅狄拉克 In recognition of his remarkable contributions to relativistic dynamics of a particle in quantum mechanics 1953 年 阿爾伯特克呂沃爾 For his distinguished contributions of a fundamental character to the science of microbiology 1954 年 ET魏泰克 For his distinguished contributions to both pure and applied mathematics and to theoretical physics 1955 年 羅納德費希爾 In recognition of his numerous and distinguished contributions to developing the theory and application of statistics for making quantitative a vast field of biology 1956 年 帕特里克布萊克特 In recognition of his outstanding studies of cosmic ray showers and heavy mesons and in the field of palaeomagnetism 1957 年 霍華德弗洛裡 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to experimental pathology and medicine 1958 年 約翰伊登斯爾利特爾伍德 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to many branches of analysis including Tauberian theory the Riemann zeta function and nonlinear differential equations 1959 年 弗蘭克麥克法蘭伯內特 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of viruses and of immunology 1960 年 哈羅德傑弗裡 In recognition of his distinguished work in many branches of geophysics and also in the theory of probability and astronomy 1961 年 漢斯阿道夫克雷布斯 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry in particular his work on the ornithine tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles 1962 年 西里爾欣謝爾伍德 In recognition of his distinguished researches in the field of chemical kinetics including the study of biological reaction mechanisms and of his outstanding contributions to natural philosophy 1963 年 保羅菲爾德斯 In recognition of his pioneering contributions to bacteriology 1964 年 悉尼查普曼 In recognition of his theoretical contributions to terrestrial and interplanetary magnetism the ionosphere and the aurora borealis 1965 年 艾倫勞埃德霍奇金 In recognition of his discovery of the mechanism of excitation and impulse conduction in nerve and his outstanding leadership in the development of neurophysiology 1966 年 威廉勞倫斯布拉格 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the development of methods of structural determination by Xray diffraction 1967 年 伯納德卡茨 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in transmission across the neuromuscular junction 1968 年 塔德烏什賴希施泰因 In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemistry of vitamin C and his authoritative studies of the corticosteroids 1969 年 彼得梅達沃 In recognition of his distinguished studies of tissue transplantation and immunological tolerance 1970 年 亞歷山大羅伯圖斯託德 In recognition of his outstanding contributions to both the analytical and synthetic chemistry of natural products of diverse types 1971 年 諾曼皮裡埃 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry and especially for his elucidation of the nature of plant viruses 1972 年 內維爾莫特 In recognition of his original contributions over a long period to atomic and solid state physics 1973 年 安德魯赫胥黎 In recognition of his outstanding studies on the mechanisms of the nerve impulse and of activation of muscular contraction 1974 年 WVD霍奇 In recognition of his pioneering work in algebraic geometry notably in his theory of harmonic integrals 以表彰他在代數幾何方面的開創性工作，尤其是在調和積分理論方面 1975 年 佛朗西斯克里克 In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and his continuing contribution to molecular biology 以表彰其對 DNA 分子結構的闡明以及對分子生物學的持續貢獻 1976 年 多蘿西霍奇金 In recognition of her outstanding work on the structures of complex molecules particularly Penicillin vitamin B12 and insulin 以表彰她在複雜分子結構上的出色工作，特別是青黴素、維生素 B12 與胰島素 1977 年 弗雷德里克桑格 In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemical structure of proteins and his studies on the sequences of nucleic acids 以表彰其在蛋白質化學結構以及核苷酸測序上的傑出工作 1978 年 羅伯特伯恩斯伍德沃德 In recognition of his masterly contributions to the synthesis of complex natural products and his discovery of the importance of orbital symmetry 以表彰他在人工合成複雜天然產物上的巨大貢獻以及對軌道對稱的重要性的發現 1979 年 馬克斯佩魯茨 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular biology through his own studies of the structure and biological activity of haemoglobin and his leadership in the development of the subject 以表彰他在血紅蛋白結構和生物學活性研究上做出的傑出貢獻，以及他在分子生物學的學科發展中的領導作用 1980 年 德里克巴頓 In recognition of his distinguished contributions to a wide range of problems in structural and synthetic organic chemistry and in particular his introduction of conformational analysis into stereochemistry 以表彰他在結構和合成有機化學的諸多問題上的傑出貢獻，特別是他將構象分析引入立體化學 1981 年 彼得米切爾 In recognition of his distinguished contribution to biology in his formulation and development of the chemiosmotic theory of energy transduction 以表彰他建立和發展了化學滲透理論對生物中的能量轉換的認識的傑出貢獻 1982 年 約翰康福思 In recognition of his distinguished research on the stereochemicallycontrolled synthesis and biosynthesis of biologically important molecules 以表彰他在化學合成的立體可控性和重要生物分子的生物合成上的傑出研究 1983 年 羅德尼羅伯特波特 In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of immunoglobulins and of the reactions involved in activating the complement system of proteins 以表彰他闡明瞭免疫球蛋白的結構和蛋白補體系統的啟用反應 1984 年 蘇布拉馬尼揚錢德拉塞卡 In recognition of his distinguished work on theoretical physics including stellar structure theory of radiation hydrodynamic stability and relativity 以表彰他在理論物理方面的傑出工作，包括恆星結構、輻射理論、流體動力穩定性和相對論 1985 年 阿龍克盧格 In recognition of his outstanding contributions to our understanding of complex biological structures and the methods used for determining them 以表彰他對闡明覆雜生物結構的傑出貢獻及用以定義這些結構的方法 1986 年 魯道夫佩爾斯 In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a very wide range of theoretical physics and signal advances in proposing the probable existence of nuclear chain reactions in fissile materials 以表彰他在理論物理學廣泛領域的基礎貢獻，以及對於提議易裂變材料會發生核子連鎖反應的可能性這標誌性進展 1987 年 In recognition of his pioneering contributions to the understanding of the nature and mechanism of the main pathway of electron transport in photosynthesis 以表彰他在理解光合作用的電子傳遞主要途徑的性質和機理上的開創性貢獻 1988 年 邁克爾阿蒂亞 In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a wide range of topics in geometry topology analysis and theoretical physics 以表彰他在幾何學、拓撲學、分析和理論物理學等多個領域的基礎貢獻 1989 年 色薩米爾斯坦 In recognition of his outstanding contributions to immunology in particular to the discovery of monoclonal antibodies and to the understanding of the role of somatic mutations in the maturation of the immune response 以表彰他在免疫學上的傑出貢獻，特別是單克隆抗體的發現以及對體細胞突變在免疫反應成熟中起的作用的理解 1990 年 阿卜杜勒薩拉姆 In recognition of his work on the symmetries of the laws of nature and especially the unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces 以表彰他在自然對稱之律特別是弱相互作用與電磁相互作用的統一理論上的貢獻 1991 年 西德尼布倫納 In recognition of his many contributions to molecular genetics and developmental biology and his recent role in the Human Genome mapping project 以表彰其在分子生物與發育生物學的上的許多貢獻，及其近期在人類基因組計劃中的角色 1992 年 喬治波特 In recognition of his contributions to fundamental understanding of fast photochemical and photophysical processes and their role in chemistry and biology 以表彰他對快速光化學和光物理學程序的基礎解釋及其在化學和生物學中的應用 1993 年 詹姆斯杜威沃森 In recognition of his tireless pursuit of DNA from the elucidation of its structure to the social and medical implications of the sequencing of the human genome 以表彰他對 DNA 的不倦尋求，從闡明其結構直到人類基因組測序對社會和醫學所產生的影響 1994 年 In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the theory of crystal morphology in particular to the source of dislocations and their consequences in interfaces and crystal growth to fundamental understanding of liquid crystals and the concept of disclination and to the extension of crystallinity concepts to aperiodic crystals He has also contributed through a variety of remarkable insights into a great number of physical problems 1995 年 In recognition of his contribution to animal virology with special emphasis on the pox and myxomatosis viruses and their relationship with the host in causing disease 1996 年 In recognition of his contribution to the understanding of mechanical properties of materials and related topics through his pioneering studies on crystal plasticity dislocation impurity interactions fracture and irradiation effects 1997 年 休赫胥黎 In recognition of his pioneering work on the structure of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction providing solutions to one of the great problems in physiology 以表彰他在肌肉結構和肌肉收縮的分子機制方面的開創性工作，為生理學中的一個重大問題提供瞭解決方案 1998 年 詹姆斯萊特希爾 In recognition of his profound contributions to many fields within fluid mechanics including important aspects of the interaction of sound and fluid flow and numerous other contributions which have had practical applications in aircraft engine design He is noted also for his groundbreaking work on both external biofluiddynamics analysis of mechanisms of swimming and flying and internal biofluiddynamics including flow in the cardiovascular system and the airways and cochlear mechanics and other aspects of hearing 以表彰他在流體力學的許多領域做出的深刻貢獻，包括聲音和流體流動相互作用的重要方面，以及在飛機發動機設計中具有實際應用的許多其他貢獻。他還以其在外部生物流體動力學（游泳和飛行機制分析）和內部生物流體動力學（包括心血管系統和氣道中的流動）以及耳蝸力學和聽力的其他方面的開創性工作而聞名 1999 年 約翰梅納德史密斯 In recognition of his seminal contributions to evolutionary biology including his experimental work on sexual selection his important contributions to our understanding of ageing his introduction of game theoretical methods for the analysis of complex evolutionary scenarios and his research into molecular evolution both through his classic work on genetic hitchhiking and with his more recent ongoing work on bacterial population growth 以表彰他在進化生物學的開創性貢獻，包括他對性選擇理論的試驗性工作，他在我們瞭解老化上的重要貢獻，他引入博弈論方法來對複雜進化場景進行分析和他對分子進化的研究以及他對的經典之作並他近來對細菌數量生長的工作 2000 In recognition of his pioneering work in elucidating the detailed biosynthetic pathways to all the major families of plant alkaloids His approach which stands as a paradigm for future biosynthetic studies on complex molecules combines isolation work structure determination synthesis isotopic labelling and spectroscopy especially advanced NMR as well as genetics and molecular biology This spectacular research revealed the entire pathway to vitamin B12 2001 年至今 年份 獲獎者 肖像 獲獎理由 注 2001 年 雅克米勒 For his work on the immunological function of the thymus and of T cells which has revolutionised the science of immunology Professor Millers work is paving the way for designing new methods to improve resistance to infections producing new vaccines enhancing graft survival dealing with autoimmunity and even persuading the immune system to reject cancer cells 2002 年 約翰波普爾 For his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry His work transformed density functional theory into a powerful theoretical tool for chemistry chemical physics and biology 2003 年 約翰格登 75px For his unique range of groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of cell and developmental biology He pioneered the concept that specialised cells are genetically equivalent and that they differ only in the genes they express not the genes they contain a concept fundamental to modern biology 2004 年 哈羅德克羅託 in recognition of his seminal contributions to understanding the fundamental dynamics of carbon chain molecules leading to the detection of these species polyynes in the interstellar medium by radioastronomy and thence to the genesis of a new era in carbon science 2005 年 保羅納斯 for his contributions to cell biology in general and to the elucidation of the control of cell division 因他對普通細胞生物學上的貢獻，及闡明細胞如何對分裂進行控制 2006 年 史蒂芬霍金 For his outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and theoretical cosmology 以表彰他對於理論物理學與理論宇宙學做出傑出貢獻 2007 年 for his seminal studies of interactions within and among biological populations that have reshaped our understanding of how species communities and entire ecosystems respond to natural or human created disturbance 2008 年 羅傑潘洛斯 for his beautiful and original insights into many areas of mathematics and mathematical physics Sir Roger has made outstanding contributions to general relativity theory and cosmology most notably for his work on black holes and the Big Bang 2009 年 馬丁埃文斯 for his seminal work on embryonic stem cells in mice which revolutionised the field of genetics 2010 年 戴維科克斯 for his seminal contributions to the theory and applications of statistics Two medals were awarded to celebrate the Societys 350th anniversary 2010 年 托馬斯林達爾 for his seminal contributions to the understanding of the biochemistry of DNA repair 2011 年 丹麥克肯澤 For his seminal contributions to the understanding of geological and geophysical phenomena including tectonic plates 2012 年 約翰沃克 For his groundbreaking work on bioenergetics discovering the mechanism of ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion 2013 年 安德烈海姆 For his numerous scientific contributions and in particular for initiating research on twodimensional atomic crystals and their artificial heterostructures 2014 年 亞歷克傑弗里斯 For his pioneering work on variation and mutation in the human genome 因他對人類基因組中變異與突變的前瞻性工作 2015 彼得希格斯 For his fundamental contribution to particle physics with his theory explaining the origin of mass in elementary particles confirmed by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider 2016 理查德亨德森 In recognition of his fundamental and revolutionary contributions to the development of electron microscopy of biological materials enabling their atomic structures to be deduced 2017 安德魯懷爾斯 For his beautiful and unexpected proof of Fermats Last Theorem which is one of the most important mathematical achievements of the 20th century 2018 傑弗裡戈登 For his contributions to understanding the role of gut microbial communities to human health and disease 2019 約翰B古迪納夫 In recognition of his exceptional contributions to the science and technology of materials including his discovery that led to rechargeable lithium batteries 2020 He has developed and applied the methods of protein engineering to provide descriptions of protein folding pathways at atomic resolution revolutionising our understanding of these processes 2021 約瑟琳貝爾伯奈爾 for her work on the discovery of pulsars one of the major astronomical discoveries of the 20th century 2022 牛津－阿斯利康 2019 冠狀病毒病疫苗團隊 for rapidly developing and deploying a COVID19 vaccine 快速開發和部署 Covid19 疫苗。 參考文獻 外部連結 Royal Society Träger der CopleyMedaille Category 學術榮譽 Category 皇家學會獎項 Category 以人名命名的獎項