威廉蘭德爾克里默爵士（，），英國政治家，社會活動家，曾任英國下議院議員、國際工人聯合會（即第一國際）書記，1903 年獲諾貝爾和平獎。 Sir William Randal Cremer 18 March 1828 22 July 1908 usually known by his middle name Randal was an English Liberal Member of Parliament a pacifist and a leading advocate for international arbitration He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903 for his work with the international arbitration movement Early life Cremer was born to a workingclass family in the southern English town of Fareham His father was a coachman who abandoned the family soon after Randal Cremer was born His mother raised him along with his two sisters ensuring he received an education at a local Methodist school He augmented his knowledge by attending free lectures was apprenticed as a builder and became a skilled carpenter Moving to London 1852 Cremer became active as a union organiser swiftly becoming a recognized labour leader Cremer was elected as the Secretary of the International Workingmens Association in 1865 but resigned two years later in 1867 when the organization decided to make women eligible for membership Being strongly opposed to womens suffrageViews of AntiSuffrage MP William Cremer The Times April 1906 this might have contributed to make him feel the organization was becoming too radical While heavily involved in campaigning for progressive causes and respected by Marx Cremer did not agree with a worker led revolution Role in the international arbitration movement From as early as his first unsuccessful run for Parliament in 1868 Cremer had advocated the expansion of international arbitration as peaceful alternative to war for the resolution of disputes He was elected as Liberal Member of Parliament MP for Haggerston in the Shoreditch district of Hackney from 1885 to 1895 and then from 1900 until his death from pneumonia in 1908 Using his platform as an MP Cremer cultivated allies on both continental Europe and across the Atlantic including Frédéric Passy William Jennings Bryan and Andrew Carnegie Using his network of contacts and his talent for organisation Cremer did much to create and expand institutions for international arbitration which during his lifetime were successful in peacefully resolving numerous international disputes This work includes cofounding the InterParliamentary Union and the International Arbitration League gaining acceptance for the 1897 OlneyPauncefote Treaty between the United States and Britain that would have required arbitration of major disputes as the Essequibo territory the treaty was rejected by the US Senate and never went into effect and preparing the ground for the Hague peace conferences of 1899 and 1907 In recognition of his work in the arbitration movement Cremer won the Nobel Peace Prize the first to do so solo in 1903 Of the 8000 award he donated 7000 as an endowment for the International Arbitration League He also was named a Chevalier of the French Légion dhonneurAmong the worlds peacemakers an epitome of the Interparliamentary Union edited by Hayne Davis 1908 won the Norwegian Knighthood of Saint Olaf and was knighted in 1907 Randal Cremer Primary School in Haggerston is named in his honour Death Cremer died on 22 July 1908 leaving an estate of 2241 1803 net 參見 List of peace activists 註釋 參考資料 including the Nobel Lecture January 15 1905 The Progress and Advantages of International Arbitration About Sir Randal Cremer on wwwnobelwinnerscom The Hugh Helene Schonfield World Service Trust Link to article about Cremer by Simon HallRaleigh in Journal of Liberal History Issue 9 December 1995 Evans H Sir Randal Cremer his life and work T Fisher Unwin 1909 外部連結 Category 英國自由黨黨員 Category 諾貝爾和平獎獲得者 Category 下級勳位爵士 Category 第一國際人物 分類：第 23 屆英國下議院議員 分類：第 24 屆英國下議院議員 分類：第 25 屆英國下議院議員 分類：第 27 屆英國下議院議員 分類：第 28 屆英國下議院議員 Category 法國榮譽軍團騎士勳章持有人 Category 英格蘭諾貝爾獎獲得者