社會人格學（英語：Socionics）是一種 1970 年誕生，將人格分為 16 種類型的心理學理論。此理論可以幫助預測人與人之間的關係 Socionics was developed in the 1970s and 1980s mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Ausˇra Augustinavicˇiute The name socionics is derived from the word society since Augustinavicˇiute believed that each personality type has a distinct purpose in society which can be described and explained by socionics The system of socionics is in several respects similar to the MBTI however whereas the latter is dominantly used in the USA and Western Europe the former is mainly used in Russia and Eastern Europe For more information the reader is referred to the website of the International Institute of Socionics and to several scientific journals edited by this institution（see httpsocionicinfoenesocjurhtmltop） Despite of several similarities there are also important differences For instance the MBTI is based on questionnaires with socalled forcedchoice questions Forcedchoice means that the individual has to choose only one of two possible answers to each question Obviously such tests are selfreferential That means they are based on judgments of persons about themselves Socionics rejects the use of such questionnaires and is based on interviews and direct observation of certain aspects of human behavior instead However if personality tests are well constructed and their questions are answered properly we expect results that often make sense For that reason we do not reject test questions principally but we have to take into account their selfreferential character Another difference relates to the fact that socionics tries to understand Jungs intuitive system and to provide a deeper explanation for it mainly in terms of informational metabolism（Kepinski PZWL 1972） Further socionics is not so much a theory of personalities per se but much more a theory of type relations providing an analysis of the relationships that arise as a consequence of the interaction of people with different personalities。 人與人之間的關係是可以預測的，堅信此點的人們將他／她們的期望寄託於社會人格學之上。它是一個嶄新的心理學理論，而體現這一關係的是被定義的 16 種人格型別。 人格型別，也被稱作社會人格型別，並非是短期存在的，也不是在一天或一年內就能被改變的。人格型別無關於個人的教育背景，所屬的文化階層以及他所從事的職業，它關乎的是日常環境中人與人間資訊上的交換和行為上的互動 Fink G and Mayrhofer W Crosscultural competence and management setting the stage European J CrossCultural Competence and Management 2009 Vol 1 No 1 Personality profiling encompasses numerous models that arise from personality trait theory In the context of this article four models deserve special attention due to their importance in personality research and or their appropriateness for the topic Socionics（founded in the 1970s by Ausra Augustinavichiute eg Augustinavichiute 1994 1998） cybernetic mindscape theory（Maruyama 1980 Boje 2004） the five factor model FFM commonly called the big five personality trait model（Costa and McCrae 1992） the personality type theory of the MyersBriggs type inventory（MBTI see McKenna et al 2002） 。每一種人格型別既有它的優勢也有它的劣勢：在社交過程中的能動性便在於多少地受到互動一方的牽制。很多時候，屬同一型別的兩個人看似是一對雙胞胎，但事實上，他們並不存在血緣上的聯絡。這可能是人格型別由遺傳基因所決定的一個證據。 人格型別在人際關係中扮演比教育更重要的角色。心理學包含有若干種各不相同的人際關係學理論。但很多心理學家會忽略人格型別在人際關係中的影響力，而認為所有現象都取決於人後天所受的影響，如背後的文化背景，所處的社會階層，個人的成長過程和他們擁有的職業等等。就算某些接受了這人格型別一觀點的專家，他們也無法給出一個統一的答案。 相關條目 邁爾斯 布里格斯性格分類法 參考文獻 外部連結 International Institute of Socionics typelabru S S Category 偽科學 Category1970 年面世