summer
Part of speech: noun
verb
adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: fashion
lifestyle
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der.
Proto-Germanic *sumaraz
Proto-West Germanic *sumar
Old English sumor
Middle English somer
English summer
From Middle English somer, sumer, from Old English sumor m, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar m, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz m, derived from Proto-Indo-European *semh₂- (“summer”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots somer, sumer, simer, West Frisian simmer, Saterland Frisian Suumer, Dutch zomer, Low German Sommer, German Sommer, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål sommer, Swedish sommar, Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic sumar; Welsh haf, Armenian ամ (am, “year”), ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Sanskrit समा (sámā, “a half-year, season, weather, year”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham-), Middle Persian ḥʾmyn (hāmīn), Northern Kurdish havîn, Central Kurdish ھاوین (hawîn).
Inflected forms:
form: summers
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: somer
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
pronunciation-spelling
form: sommer
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: summers
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: summering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: summered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: summered
pos: verb
tags: past
form: somer
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
pronunciation-spelling
form: sommer
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as spanning either the period between the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox, or the months of June, July, and August in the Northern Hemisphere and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the heat of summer
Gradually, the end of summer hove into sight.
I'm going to the Gambia in the summer.
At twilight in the summer there is never anybody to fear—man, woman, or cat—in the chambers and at that hour the mice come out. They do not eat parchment or foolscap or red tape, but they eat the luncheon crumbs.
A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.
A waiter brought his aperitif, which was a small scotch and soda, and as he sipped it gratefully he sighed. ¶ ‘Civilized,’ he said to Mr. Campion. ‘Humanizing.’[…]‘Cigars and summer days and women in big hats with swansdown face-powder, that's what it reminds me of.’
gloss: year; used to give the age of a person, usually a young one.
pos: noun
tags: countable
humorous
poetic
uncountable
examples: He was barely eighteen summers old.
She had seen not more than twenty summers.
gloss: Most flourishing, happy, or beautiful period; golden age, prime.
pos: noun
tags: countable
figuratively
uncountable
examples: O! craving heart, for the lost flowers
And sunshine of my summer hours!
Here we are in our summer years / Livin' on ice cream and chocolate kisses / Would the leaves fall from the trees / If I was your old man and you was my missus
gloss: Someone with light, pinkish skin that has a blue undertone, light hair and eyes, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: To spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: For he was an oddity, a black multimillionaire who summered on the Riviera, had an apartment in Paris and a penthouse, in a building he owned, high above Sugar Hill.
pos: adj
tags: no-gloss
Antonyms: winter
Translations: