yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
hackberry
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: A variant of hagberry.
Inflected forms:
form: hackberries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any of several deciduous trees of the genus Celtis, widespread over the Northern Hemisphere, having small fruit.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Fruit of these plants.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The wood of these plants.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: A bird cherry, any of species Prunus padus of cherry trees, of Eurasia, or its berry.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Derived words: African hackberry
Bunge's Hackberry
Caucasian hackberry
common hackberry
Chinese hackberry
desert hackberry
dwarf hackberry
European hackberry
Hubei hackberry
iguana hackberry
Japanese hackberry
Korean hackberry
Lindheimer's hackberry (Celtis lindheimeri
Mediterranean hackberry
netleaf hackberry
northern hackberry
oriental hackberry
shiny hackberry
southern hackberry
southern sugar hackberry
spiny hackberry
sugar hackberry
Translations:
lang: Albanian
word: carac
lang: Albanian
word: çerçem
lang: Albanian
word: kalibobë
lang: Albanian
word: vidhëz
lang: Albanian
word: hizë
lang: Albanian
word: fojletë
lang: Albanian
word: bobole
lang: Albanian
word: çuçum
lang: Albanian
word: karatane
lang: Albanian
word: millokoqe
lang: Albanian
word: kolloprifte
lang: Arabic
word: مَيْس
roman: mays
lang: Arabic
word: قَيْقَب
roman: qayqab
lang: Arabic
word: نَشَم أَبْيَض
roman: našam ʔabyaḍ
lang: Aramaic
word: ܡܰܝܫܳܐ
roman: mayšā
lang: Aramaic
word: מַיְשָׁא
roman: mayšā
lang: Armenian
word: բռնչի
roman: bṙnčʻi
lang: Azerbaijani
word: dağdağan
lang: Bulgarian
word: копри́вка
roman: koprívka
lang: Catalan
word: lledoner
lang: Cheyenne
word: kó'koemenó'e
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 朴
roman: pò
lang: Czech
word: břestovec
lang: Danish
word: nældetræ
lang: Dutch
word: netelboom
lang: Finnish
word: keltis
lang: French
word: micocoulier
lang: Galician
word: lodoeiro
lang: Galician
word: virgondoiro
lang: Georgian
word: აკაკი
roman: aḳaḳi
lang: German
word: Zürgelbaum
lang: German
word: Nesselbaum
lang: Italian
word: bagolaro
lang: Italian
word: spaccasassi
lang: Japanese
word: 榎
roman: enoki
lang: Korean
word: 팽나무
roman: paengnamu
lang: Northern Kurdish
word: tehwî
lang: Northern Kurdish
word: tawî
lang: Lithuanian
word: celtis
lang: Macedonian
word: копривка
roman: koprivka
lang: Navajo
word: jiłhazhí
lang: Pashto
word: توغ
roman: tuǧ
lang: Polish
word: wiązowiec
lang: Portuguese
word: lódão
lang: Romanian
word: sâmbovină
lang: Russian
word: карка́с
roman: karkás
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: ко̀привић
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: ко̀шћела
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: kòprivić
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: kòšćela
lang: Sicilian
word: cuccumeli
lang: Sicilian
word: millicuccu
lang: Slovene
word: koprivovec
lang: Slovene
word: koprivič
lang: Spanish
word: almez
lang: Spanish
word: ramón
lang: Spanish
word: tala
lang: Swedish
word: hägg
lang: Turkish
word: çitlembik
lang: Unami
word: kaxkamunimënshi
lang: Vietnamese
word: cơm nguội
lang: Yami
word: ahateng
halva
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Yiddish חלווה (khálva), from Romanian halva, from Ottoman Turkish حلوا (helva), from Persian حلوا (halvâ), from Arabic حَلْوَى (ḥalwā). Cognate with Halwai.
Inflected forms:
form: halvas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: khalva
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: halava
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: halavah
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: halawa
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: halaweh
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: halvah
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: halwa
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: halwah
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: hulwa
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A confection usually made from crushed sesame seeds and honey. It is a traditional dessert in South Asia, the Mediterranean and the Middle East.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Just before Christmas, Ron Dermer, Israel’s ambassador to the United States, sent the White House a box of holiday gifts with a pointed political message. Inside were items (body lotion, halvah, olive oil) produced in Jewish settlements in the West Bank.
Translations:
tyro
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin tyro, and from its etymon Latin tīrō (“beginner, novice; young apprentice; (Roman military) recruit”); further etymology unknown, possibly from an unattested Etruscan word.
Inflected forms:
form: tyros
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: tyroes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: tiro
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A beginner; a novice.
pos: noun
examples: I had propos'd to conclude this Inſtitution vvith a Catalogue (by vvay of Specimen) of both Antient Greek and Roman Medals, for the Eaſe and Benefit of Tyros, and ſuch as are not yet accuſtomed, and ſo ready to Decipher their Inſcriptions after the Method of Monſieur Baudelot [Charles César Baudelot de Dairval], […]
There ſtands a Structure on a riſing Hill, / VVhere Tyro's take their Freedom out to kill.
Schools, unleſs diſcipline vvhere doubly ſtrong, / Detain their adoleſcent charge too long. / The management of Tiro's of eighteen / Is difficult, their puniſhment obſcene.
I ask if in the calm of their measured reveries, if in the deep meditations which fill their hours, they fill the ecstasy of a youthful tyro in the school of pleasure.
Now there is no doubt nor capability of dispute about such painting as this; it is the work of a mere tyro, and a weak and childish tyro ignorant of the common laws of light and shadow; it is what beginners always do, and always have done, but what, if they have either sense or feeling, they soon cease to do.
Master of that woodland-cunning enabling the adept to subsist where the tyro would perish, and expert in all those arts by which an enemy is pursued for weeks, perhaps months, without once suspecting it, he kept to the forest.
[T]he three chief periods or stages are so unmistakably indicated by the mere text itself, and so easily recognisable by the veriest tiro in the school of Shakespeare, […]
The text [of the letter], though, was marvelously accurate for a tyro’s work; and I concluded that Akeley must have used a machine at some previous period—perhaps in college.
Switzerland for Railfans, by B. J. Prigmore and W. J. Wyse (1s.) is a stencilled pamphlet produced by the Electric Railway Society with a number of useful tips for the tyro planning his first visit.
Alliance with the equally youthful Jean-le-Rond d'Alembert, tyro mathematician of genius and darling of the Parisian salons, led to the two men commissioning articles for the new venture straight away, and scheduling the launch of the first two volumes for 1731.
No tyroes in either political theory or practical politics, the [founding] fathers had the good sense, even on second thought, not to tamper with the existing suffrage regulations of the states.
Translations:
upwards
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English upwardes, from Old English upweardes, equivalent to up + -wards. Cognate with Dutch opwaarts (“upwards”), German aufwärts (“upwards”).
Base: up
Affixes: -wards
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Towards a (higher) position closer to the sky than the ground.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: look upwards
push upwards
soar upwards
The balloon drifted upwards into the sky.
The underframe also carries four bonded-rubber mountings, focused upwards and inwards towards the centre of gravity to suspend the body shell.
gloss: To a higher figure or amount.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: Prices are moving steadily upwards.
gloss: Towards something which is higher in order, larger, superior etc.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Backwards in time, into the past.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
gloss: To or into later life.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
Synonyms: upward
up
Antonyms: downward
down
Derived words: bottom-upwards
fail upwards
onwards and upwards
punch upwards
upward of
upwards of
Translations:
saviour
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: saviours
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: UK and Canada spelling of savior.
pos: noun
Translations:
midden
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: archaeology
biology
history
human-sciences
natural-sciences
sciences
zoology
Etymology: From Middle English midding, myddyng, from Old Danish mykdyngja, (a compound of Old Norse myk, myki (“muck, manure”) and dyngja (“dung, dungpile”)), whence also Danish møgdynge and mødding, Norwegian mødding, dialectal Swedish mödding.
Inflected forms:
form: middens
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A dung heap.
pos: noun
gloss: A refuse heap usually near a dwelling.
pos: noun
examples: Untouched by the decaying middens in which they live, they emerge into the sunshine immaculate and serene. The Burmese must be the best-dressed people in the world.
Strange rubbish, not the tins and paper and boxes and other containers you would expect in a town, but a finer kind of waste […] that made the middens look like grey-black mounds of sifted earth.
gloss: An accumulation, deposit, or soil derived from occupation debris, rubbish, or other by-products of human activity, such as bone, shell, ash, or decayed organic materials; or a pile or mound of such materials, often prehistoric.
pos: noun
gloss: A shelter made of vegetation and other materials by packrats.
pos: noun
gloss: An accumulation of dried urine and fecal deposits made by hyraxes.
pos: noun
Derived words: megamidden
midden-hill
midden-pant
middenstead
midgie
muckmidden
spiritual midden
Translations:
northward
Part of speech: noun
adj
adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *nér
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *nŕ̥t(e)ros
Proto-Germanic *nurþraz
Proto-West Germanic *norþr
Old English norþ
Middle English north
English north
Proto-Indo-European *wert-der.
Proto-Germanic *wardaz
Old English -weard
English -ward
English northward
From north + -ward.
Inflected forms:
form: more northward
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most northward
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: more northward
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most northward
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: The direction or area lying to the north of a place.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: Situated or directed towards the north; moving or facing towards the north.
pos: adj
gloss: Towards the north; in a northerly direction.
pos: adv
examples: When she came, I could see at a glance she was tired and jaded and worried, and so, instead of letting her fret about in the hotel and get into a wearing tangle of gossip, I packed her and two knapsacks up, and started off on a long, refreshing, easy-going walk northward, until a blister on her foot stranded us at the Magenruhe Hotel on the Sneejoch.
[T]he trees blew stedfastly one way, never writhing round, and scarcely tossing back their boughs once in an hour; so continuous was the strain bending their branchy heads northward— […]
[…] we were driven a little to the Eaſt of the Molucca Iſlands, and about three Degrees Northward of the Line, as our Captain found by an Obſervation he took the 2d of May, at which time the Wind ceaſed, and it was a perfect Calm, whereat I was not a little rejoyced.
Something must be done, and his sharp fox wits never stood him in better stead than they did on this memorable chase, for when the hounds came up to the stone wall they followed it for about thirty rods northward and then at a barway, an artificial break in the stone wall, the trail suddenly ended.
Translations:
proudly
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English proutly, proudliche, prudeliche, prudliche, prouteliche, from Old English prūtlīċe, equivalent to proud + -ly.
Base: proud
Affixes: -ly
Inflected forms:
form: proudlier
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: more proudly
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: proudliest
pos: adv
tags: superlative
form: most proudly
pos: adv
tags: superlative
form: prowdly
pos: adv
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: In a proud manner.
pos: adv
examples: And with domes and pinnacles the dreams arose and stood up proudly between the river and the sky, all shimmering white to the morning.
A word of warning: You might notice a few more unshaved upper lips proudly displayed by men in the next few weeks.
With such focus from within the footballing community this week on Remembrance Sunday, there was something appropriate about Colchester being the venue for last night’s game. Troops from the garrison town formed a guard of honour for both sets of players, who emerged for the national anthem with poppies proudly stitched into their tracksuit jackets.
"We delivered [the project] £5 million under budget and on time," Hardwick says proudly.
Translations:
extinction
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: astronomy
human-sciences
medicine
natural-sciences
pathology
psychology
sciences
Etymology: From late Middle English, borrowed from Latin extinctio (“extinction, annihilation”), from extinguere, past participle extinctus (“to extinguish”); see extinguish.
Inflected forms:
form: extinctions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The action of making or becoming extinct; annihilation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Thirteen long centuries have elapsed since the extinction of the last Zoroastrian Empire[…]
Their lives were short; all were condemned by the early 1930s, presumably because, like most classes of G.S.W.R. engines, their small numbers invited extinction under any comprehensive programme of standardisation.
The extinction of a species once so numerous seemed incredible.
Dr. Manuel: You're wasting your time. The age of humanity is over. Our extinction is inevitable.
Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
On the East and West Coast Main Lines in the 1950s/60s, for example, we saw the extinction of intermediate stations in order to create the same sort of accelerations that IRP is now promising. Back then, the priority was faster main line services, with wayside/intermediate stations paying the ultimate price.
In Perthshire, the Aberdeenshire catchments of Deeside and Donside, in Moray and Nairnshire to the north-east, the populations are in low single figures, putting them on the brink of local extinction.
gloss: The absorption or scattering of electromagnetic radiation emitted by astronomical objects by intervening dust and gas before it reaches the observer.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The inability to perceive multiple stimuli simultaneously.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The fading of a conditioned response over time if it is not reinforced.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: extinct
extinguish
Derived words: coextinction
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
de-extinction
extinctionism
extinctionist
hemiextinction
nonextinction
pseudoextinction
semiextinction
Translations:
expendable
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English expend
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Latin -bilis
Latin -ābilis
Old French -ablebor.
Middle English -able
English -able
English expendable
From expend + -able.
Inflected forms:
form: more expendable
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most expendable
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: expendables
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Able to be expended; not inexhaustible.
pos: adj
examples: Oil and other expendable resources are frequently the subject of military disputes.
gloss: Designed for a single use; not reusable.
pos: adj
examples: The anti-aircraft rocket is fired from an expendable launch platform.
gloss: Not essential or mandatory in order to achieve a goal.
pos: adj
examples: The research department was deemed expendable, and its funding was not renewed.
gloss: Regarded as not worth preserving or saving; able to be sacrificed.
pos: adj
examples: In the internecine rivalries of large corporations, whole departments may become expendable in the execution of one executive's power play.
He was expendable, like commodities past their use.
The Taunton-Minehead line (now managed by the West Somerset Railway) was considered much more expendable.
gloss: An expendable person or object; usually used in the plural.
pos: noun
examples: Private Johnson was afraid the Lieutenant considered him an expendable, since he was always picked as point man.
Derived words: nonexpendable
unexpendable
Translations:
firmness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English firm
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Middle English -nesse
English -ness
English firmness
From firm + -ness.
Inflected forms:
form: firmnesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being firm
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The state of being firm
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: But many a man who would have stood within a home dismantled, strong in his passion and design of vengeance, has had the firmness of his nature conquered by the razing of an air–built castle.
France, for the first time since the death of Charlemagne, was governed by a prince of great firmness and ability.
gloss: The state of being firm
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
lang: Arabic
word: ثَبَات
roman: ṯabāt
lang: Armenian
word: պնդություն
roman: pndutʻyun
lang: Asturian
word: firmeza
lang: Catalan
word: fermesa
lang: Finnish
word: lujuus
lang: French
word: fermeté
lang: Galician
word: firmeza
lang: Galician
word: rixo
lang: German
word: Stärke
lang: German
word: Festigkeit
lang: Ancient Greek
word: στερέωμα
roman: steréōma
lang: Hindi
word: दृढ़ता
roman: dŕṛhtā
lang: Irish
word: diongbháilteacht
lang: Irish
word: seasmhacht
lang: Irish
word: fostacht
lang: Italian
word: fermezza
lang: Latin
word: firmitās
lang: Latvian
word: cietība
lang: Latvian
word: stingrums
lang: Latvian
word: stingrība
lang: Old English
word: fæstnes
lang: Portuguese
word: firmeza
lang: Russian
word: твёрдость
roman: tvjórdostʹ
lang: Russian
word: про́чность
roman: próčnostʹ
lang: Russian
word: реши́мость
roman: rešímostʹ
lang: Sanskrit
word: धृति
roman: dhṛti
lang: Spanish
word: firmeza
lang: Swedish
word: fasthet
lang: Tamil
word: அருப்பம்
roman: aruppam
farming
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English farm
English -ing
English farming
From farm + -ing.
Inflected forms:
form: farmings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The business of cultivating land, raising stock, etc.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Gardening, then, is a sort of refined farming upon a limited scale.
Farming was among the earliest of civilized man's occupations, [...]
gloss: A farming operation; a farm, or instance of farming on a piece of land.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: We discharge them also of all Farmings of Benefices, and Church Lands, or Goods, of which they were spoiled by those who Commanded under their General.
After Agricultural Foundation Law was enacted in 1961, the expansion of scale of farm business, the improvement of agricultural foundation, the spread of diversified farming with livestock, the mechanization and the rationalization of farming have accelerated viable farmings.
The problem has been enhanced more so because more agricultural farmings are spreading out leaving but slight margins for cattle farming and fears are expressed by farmers upon the possible cattle intrusion into the farmings ...
gloss: Pertaining to the agricultural business.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Raising livestock or fish.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Derived words: antifarming
aquafarming
aura farming
baby farming
bee farming
biofarming
dairy farming
data farming
dirt farming
electrofarming
factory farming
farming sim
Farmington
firestick farming
fish farming
gold farming
granny farming
hoe-farming
intensive animal farming
intensive farming
landfarming
microfarming
mixed farming
nonfarming
organic farming
proxy farming
refarming
sharefarming
skyfarming
smart farming
snow farming
strip farming
subsistence farming
tax farming
truck farming
unfarming
vertical farming
windfarming
Translations:
familiarity
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle French familiarité, from Latin familiāritātem. Displaced native Old English hīwcūþnes. Morphologically familiar + -ity.
Base: familiar
Affixes: -ity
Inflected forms:
form: familiarities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being extremely friendly; intimacy.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: It is also folly and injustice to deprive children[…]of their fathers familiaritie, and ever to shew them a surly, austere, grim, and disdainefull countenance, hoping thereby to keepe them in awfull feare and duteous obedience.
Do not keep familiarity with any but those, with whom you may improve your time.
gloss: Undue intimacy; inappropriate informality, impertinence.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Murrel did not in the least object to being called a monkey, yet he always felt a slight distaste when Julian Archer called him one.[…]It had to do with a fine shade between familiarity and intimacy which men like Murrel are never ready to disregard, however ready they may be to black their faces.
gloss: An instance of familiar behaviour.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The gaunt men carried swords and daggers with a new familiarity, and even the women had poniards belted at their waists.
gloss: Close or habitual acquaintance with someone or something; understanding or recognition acquired from experience.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The objects around have been seen so often, that they have at last become, as it were, unseen; their familiarity does not carry us out of ourselves, for all their associations are our own.
Derived words: familiarity breeds contempt
hyperfamiliarity
nonfamiliarity
overfamiliarity
unfamiliarity
Translations:
snifter
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: The verb is derived from Middle English snifteren, snifter, snyfter (“to sniffle”), possibly from *snift (possibly derived from an Old Norse word—compare Old Danish snifte and Swedish snyfta (“to sniffle; to sob”); probably ultimately imitative) + -er- (frequentative suffix) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Inflected forms:
form: snifters
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: sniftering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: sniftered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: sniftered
pos: verb
tags: past
form: snifters
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To sniff; also, to snivel or snuffle.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Brouffer. To ſnurt, or ſnifter vvith the noſe, like a horſe.
Nifler. To ſnifter, or ſnuffe vp ſniuell; to dravv it vp by dravving in the vvind.
I confess when I heard this read out in a strong, mellow and affecting tone, I could not resist crying; the tears ran down my cheeks, and I was obliged to dight them with my sleeve, and snifter like a whipped boy.
gloss: Followed by out: to speak (words) in a nasal, snuffling manner.
pos: verb
tags: archaic
rare
transitive
gloss: A sniff.
pos: noun
tags: Northern-England
Scotland
gloss: A strong or severe wind.
pos: noun
tags: Northern-England
Scotland
figuratively
gloss: A small, wide, pear-shaped glass used for drinking aromatic liquors such as bourbon and brandy.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
examples: [H]e springs to another wooden vat and turns a valve, filling a snifter with a warm amber liquid. […] Bang holds the liquid up to the light, swirls it around, takes a sniff of the pungent bouquet, puts the glass to his lips—and gives a satisfied smile.
gloss: Synonym of nip (“a small amount of an alcoholic beverage, especially one equivalent to what a snifter (noun sense 2.2) might hold”)
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
informal
examples: "Sit down, bo," invited Soup Face. "I guess you're a regular all right. Here, have a snifter?" and he pulled a flask from his side pocket, holding it toward The Oskaloosa Kid.
And now, old horse, you may lead me across the street to the Coal Hole for a short snifter.
gloss: Synonym of cocaine addict; a sniffer.
pos: noun
tags: US
figuratively
slang
gloss: A small amount of cocaine taken by inhaling through the nose.
pos: noun
tags: US
figuratively
slang
gloss: A handheld device used to detect signals from radio transmitters; a sniffer.
pos: noun
tags: US
figuratively
slang
Derived words: snifterer
sniftering
snufter
brandy snifter
snifters
snifter valve
Translations:
hardness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
engineering
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: From Middle English hardness, hardnesse, from Old English heardnes, from heard + -nes, equivalent to hard + -ness.
Base: hard
Affixes: -ness
Inflected forms:
form: hardnesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: hardnesse
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: The quality of being hard.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Who can number the cloudes in wiſedom? or who can ſtay the bottles of heauen, / When the duſt groweeh^([sic – meaning groweth]) into hardneſſe and the clods cleaue faſt together?
gloss: An instance of this quality; hardship.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The resistance to scratching, cutting, indentation or abrasion of a metal or other solid material.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The measure of resistance to damage of a facility, equipment, installation, or telecommunications infrastructure when subjected to attack.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A measure of how hard a material is.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: The hardness of the material was high.
“This material has a specific hardness and is chemically very stable. It forms naturally from calcium alone, but bacteria accelerate the transformation into calcium carbonate,” explains Alejandro Montesinos, head of the Decarbonization, Climate Change, and Circular Economy Research Group at Tec de Monterrey and a member of the Institute of Advanced Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing.
Synonyms: callosity
durity
firmness
hardness
induration
inflexibility
rigidity
renitence
renitency
stiffness
temper
Antonyms: softness
Related words: hardiness
bone
cement
concrete
crystal
oak
metal
iron
steel
rock
stone
diamond
flint
granite
marble
hard
harden
Derived words: hardness of hearing
Knoop hardness
macrohardness
microhardness
nanohardness
total hardness
Vickers hardness
water hardness
Translations:
shifty
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English shift
English -y
English shifty
From shift + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: shiftier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: shiftiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Subject to frequent changes in direction.
pos: adj
examples: Off he raced, shuffling his bare feet through the hot, dry, shifty sand.
The Helfrich plan is simple and direct, based upon a minute knowledge of Indies waters: to strike & strike again & again at the Japanese supply lines. For most of his naval life, Java-born Admiral Helfrich has done nothing but study war with the Japanese. His Navy was designed for shifty, aggressive action within the narrow East Indian waters. In the first 54 days of war his ships and cooperating Dutch planes sank 54 Japanese vessels. "Ship-a-day Helfrich," the Dutch soon called him. His ideas dominated the enlarging and equipping of Java's main naval base at Surabaya, where heavy cruisers (but not battleships) can be fueled and repaired. For the Helfrich plan to succeed, Surabaya must be held.
The Kelsos crowding their horses up against the wagon, bumping it, making things shake inside: everything going shifty, unsteady.
gloss: Moving from one object to another; not looking directly and steadily at the person with whom one is speaking.
pos: adj
examples: 1886, George Manville Fenn, This Man’s Wife, Chapter 3, in Littel’s Living Age, Volume 168, No. 2178, 20 March, 1886, p. 761,
[…] his quick, shifty eyes turned from the manager to the lethal weapons over the chimney, then to the safe, then to the bank, and Mr. Thickens’s back.
His tinted glasses were not really opaque, but of a blue kind common enough, nor were the eyes behind them shifty, but regarded me steadily.
He was thin, unsure of himself, sweet-natured and shifty-eyed; and he was Lata’s favourite.
gloss: Having the appearance of being dishonest, criminal, or unreliable.
pos: adj
tags: idiomatic
informal
examples: He was a shifty character in a seedy bar, and I checked my wallet was still there after talking to him.
‘I don’t trust him,’ he goes on. ‘He is shifty. He is like a jackal sniffing around, looking for mischief. […]’
gloss: Resourceful; full of, or ready with, shifts or expedients.
pos: adj
examples: Shifty and thrifty as old Greek or modern Scot, there were few things he could not invent, and perhaps nothing he could not endure.
Derived words: shiftily
shiftiness
shifty-eyed
shiftyness
unshifty
Translations:
shiko
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
sumo
war
wrestling
Etymology: Etymology tree
Japanese 四股bor.
English shiko
Borrowed from Japanese 四股.
Inflected forms:
form: shiko
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One of the basic sumo exercises, in which the rikishi raises a leg high in the air to the side, then brings it down with a stamp. It is also performed on the dohyo to drive away bad spirits.
pos: noun
Translations:
infirm
Part of speech: adj
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: * The noun is from Middle English infirme, from Latin infirmus (“weak, feeble”).
* The verb is from Latin īnfirmāre, from īnfirmus (“sick, weak, infirm”) + -ō.
Base: īnfirmus
Affixes: -ō
Inflected forms:
form: infirmer
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: infirmest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: infirms
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: infirming
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: infirmed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: infirmed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Weak or ill, not in good health.
pos: adj
examples: He was infirm of body but still keen of mind, and though it looked like he couldn't walk across the room, he crushed me in debate.
[…] Here I stand your slave,
A poor, infirm, weak, and despis’d old man.
There will be special drop-off points at all polling stations for vehicles conveying voters who are sick, infirm, or disabled.
gloss: Irresolute; weak of mind or will.
pos: adj
examples: Infirm of purpose!
Give me the daggers: […]
[…] vehement passion does not always indicate an infirm judgment.
gloss: Frail; unstable; insecure.
pos: adj
examples: He who fixes upon false Principles, treads upon Infirm ground, and so sinks […]
gloss: To contradict, to provide proof that something is not.
pos: verb
examples: The thought is that you see an episode of observation, experiment, or reasoning as confirming or infirming a hypothesis depending on whether the probability of it being correct increases or decreases during the episode.
Synonyms: crank
ill
sick
unwell
Antonyms: confirm
Related words: infirmary
Derived words: infirmity
infirmly
infirmness
Translations:
shini-tai
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
sumo
war
wrestling
Etymology: From Japanese 死に体 (“dead body”).
Inflected forms:
form: shini-tai
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A rikishi who is crushed by his opponent when both fall simultaneously.
pos: noun
Translations:
solidify
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: From French solidifier. By surface analysis, solid + -ify.
Inflected forms:
form: solidifies
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: solidifying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: solidified
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: solidified
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To make solid; convert into a solid body.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To concentrate; consolidate, reinforce.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Emerging from Kennaway Tunnel, the train sweeps to the right, affording views of the recent work to solidify the railway here.
gloss: To become solid; to freeze, set.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To transform an open compound into a closed compound (solid compound).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Related words: liquefy
Derived words: nonsolidified
presolidified
resolidify
solidifiability
solidifiable
solidification
solidifier
unsolidified
Translations:
solidification
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: From French solidification, or from solid + -ification.
Base: solid
Affixes: -ification
Inflected forms:
form: solidifications
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The action of solidifying.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Concentration or consolidation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The tendency to transform an open compound into a closed compound (solid compound).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Derived words: resolidification
Translations:
impertinence
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French impertinence, from impertinent (“impertinent”); by surface analysis, im- + pertinent.
Inflected forms:
form: impertinences
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Lack of pertinence; irrelevance.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: An instance of this; a moment of being impertinent.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: "Enough, sir! " he thundered with barely restrained fury. "Enough, I say! Once and for all I must endeavour to rid myself of you and your impertinence.
gloss: The fact or character of being out of place; inappropriateness.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: Insolence; impudence.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: "Because," interrupted the actress, "I see things exactly as they are. I calculate my effects, but they do not deceive myself; you, on the contrary, live in a world of illusions, where every thing is called by such an exceedingly fine name, that it seems a downright impertinence to ascertain what it really is."
The musical has always had a lightness of touch, an impertinence that resembles gay humor.
Translations:
recognizability
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English recognize
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Latin -bilis
Latin -ābilis
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ts
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts
Proto-Italic *-tāts
Latin -tās
Latin -abilitas
Middle French -abletébor.
Middle English -ablete
English -ability
English recognizability
From recognize + -ability.
Inflected forms:
form: recognizabilities
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: recognisability
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The quality of being recognizable.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: The result of being recognizable.
pos: noun
tags: countable
Translations:
inappropriateness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English inappropriate
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Middle English -nesse
English -ness
English inappropriateness
From inappropriate + -ness.
Inflected forms:
form: inappropriatenesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The quality of being inappropriate; unsuitability.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: The station is seven miles from South Molton, and reference to the inappropriateness of its former name was made in the article on the naming of railway stations, by Mr. M. D. Greville, which appeared in the March issue.
I suppose thatʼs what I first loved about Marpessa, her unabashed inappropriateness.
gloss: The result of being inappropriate.
pos: noun
tags: countable
Translations:
recognizable
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
English cognize
English recognize
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Latin -bilis
Latin -ābilis
Old French -ablebor.
Middle English -able
English -able
English recognizable
From recognize + -able.
Inflected forms:
form: more recognizable
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most recognizable
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: recognizeable
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: recognisable
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: recogniseable
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Able to be recognized.
pos: adj
examples: Pidgin is a combination of expressions and phrases that are recognizable to those who speak it. To non-Pidgin speakers, it may sound like slang. For example, “dat” means that and “fadda” means father or dad.
This variation is strikingly similar to the Work’s so-called “ballooned droplet” within the circle. The figure in the Work is slightly more bulbous, but it is instantly recognizable as a quotation mark.
Translations:
recognisable
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English recognise
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Latin -bilis
Latin -ābilis
Old French -ablebor.
Middle English -able
English -able
English recognisable
From recognise + -able.
Inflected forms:
form: more recognisable
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most recognisable
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: recognizable
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Able to be recognised.
pos: adj
tags: UK
examples: Whistle's creation stems from an internal colleague competition run by Northern to design a recognisable and approachable character to act as a mascot.
The Forth Rail Bridge, which spans the Firth of Forth seven miles to the north west of Edinburgh, is arguably one of the most recognisable bridges in the world.
Antonyms: unrecognisable
Translations:
unsuitability
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English unsuitable
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ts
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts
Latin -itāsder.
Old French -itebor.
Middle English -ite
English -ity
English unsuitability
From unsuitable + -ity.
Inflected forms:
form: unsuitabilities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The quality of being unsuitable.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
payable
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English pay
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Latin -bilis
Latin -ābilis
Old French -ablebor.
Middle English -able
English -able
English payable
From pay + -able.
Inflected forms:
form: more payable
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most payable
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: payables
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Due to be paid.
pos: adj
examples: Is value-added tax payable on planning application fees?
gloss: Able to be paid.
pos: adj
gloss: Of a mine etc.: capable of yielding profit; profitable.
pos: adj
gloss: Debts owed by a business; liabilities.
pos: noun
tags: countable
in-plural
uncountable
gloss: A thing that may be paid.
pos: noun
tags: countable
postpositional
sometimes
uncountable
examples: […] money paid under it is to be returned, and money payable shall cease to be so.
Related words: payability
payably
Derived words: account payable
accounts payable
bills payable
due and payable
note payable
payableness
prepayable
unpayable
Translations:
profitability
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English profitable
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ts
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts
Latin -itāsder.
Old French -itebor.
Middle English -ite
English -ity
English profitability
From profitable + -ity.
Inflected forms:
form: profitabilities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The quality or state of being profitable; capacity to make a profit.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: improve profitability
assess profitability
The company’s profitability increased after reducing costs.
We need to evaluate the long-term profitability of the project.
Translations:
tachi-seki
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
sumo
war
wrestling
Etymology: From Japanese 立ち席 (tachi-seki, literally “standing seat”).
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: tickets to stand at the back of the arena.
pos: noun
Translations:
distrust
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From dis- + trust, alteration of the earlier term wantrust.
Base: trust
Affixes: dis-
Inflected forms:
form: distrusts
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: distrusts
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: distrusting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: distrusted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: distrusted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: no-table-tags
pos: verb
tags: table-tags
form: glossary
pos: verb
tags: inflection-template
form: distrust
pos: verb
tags: infinitive
form: distrust
pos: verb
tags: first-person
present
singular
form: distrusted
pos: verb
tags: first-person
past
singular
form: distrust
pos: verb
tags: present
second-person
singular
form: distrustest
pos: verb
tags: archaic
present
second-person
singular
form: distrusted
pos: verb
tags: past
second-person
singular
form: distrustedst
pos: verb
tags: archaic
past
second-person
singular
form: distrusts
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: distrusteth
pos: verb
tags: archaic
present
singular
third-person
form: distrusted
pos: verb
tags: past
singular
third-person
form: distrust
pos: verb
tags: plural
present
form: distrusted
pos: verb
tags: past
plural
form: distrust
pos: verb
tags: present
subjunctive
form: distrusted
pos: verb
tags: past
subjunctive
form: distrust
pos: verb
tags: imperative
present
form: -
pos: verb
tags: imperative
past
form: distrusting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: distrusted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
Senses:
gloss: Lack of trust or confidence.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
gloss: To put no trust in; to have no confidence in.
pos: verb
examples: Moreover, genuinely conservative governments were inclined to distrust all intellectuals and ideologists, even reactionary ones, for, once the principle of thinking rather than obeying was accepted, the end was in sight.
Lord Baelish, perhaps I was wrong to distrust you.
Petyr Baelish (Aidan Gillen): Distrusting me was the wisest thing you've done since you climbed off your horse.
Synonyms: mistrust
Translations:
taiko
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: entertainment
government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
music
politics
sports
sumo
war
wrestling
Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 太鼓 (たいこ taiko), from 太 (tʰàj, “great”) + 鼓 (kú, “drum”).
Inflected forms:
form: taikos
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A traditional drum, beaten by yobidashi to announce the beginning of a tournament, and at the end of each day
pos: noun
gloss: A Japanese drum or a performance of several drummers in an ensemble (also called kumi-daiko).
pos: noun
Translations:
distrustful
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From distrust + -ful.
Base: distrust
Affixes: -ful
Inflected forms:
form: more distrustful
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most distrustful
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Experiencing distrust, showing distrust, wary, sceptical, suspicious, doubtful.
pos: adj
gloss: Causing or giving rise to distrust.
pos: adj
Derived words: distrustfully
distrustfulness
undistrustful
Translations:
appurtenances
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: equipment used for a specific task or purpose; gear
pos: noun
Translations:
disastrous
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From disaster + -ous, after Middle French desastreux (modern French désastreux; from desastre (modern French désastre, “disaster”; from des- + astre, a calque of Italian disastro) + -eux), itself after Italian disastroso, from disastro + -oso, from dis- (“away, without”) (from Latin dis-) + astro (“star, planet”) (from Latin astrum (“star, celestial body”), from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́στρον (ắstron)).
Base: disaster
Affixes: -ous
Inflected forms:
form: more disastrous
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most disastrous
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: disastress
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Of the nature of a disaster; calamitous.
pos: adj
examples: In addition, he was also able to reinforce the unease among progressive Democratic-leaning voters over Clinton’s disastrous pro-interventionist positions, thereby suppressing turnout and encouraging third party support in some key swing states that made the difference in his Electoral College victory.
gloss: Foreboding disaster; ill-omened.
pos: adj
examples: A fearsome sight it was to behold how he swelled in his wrath, and his eyes blazed like disastrous stars at midnight, and being wood with anger he gnashed his teeth till the froth stood at his lips and slavered down his chin.
Synonyms: apocalyptic
calamitous
cataclysmal
cataclysmic
catastrophic
deadly
debacular
destructive
devastating
disadventurous
disastrous
eradicative
extirpative
fatal
harmful
lethal
pernicious
ruinous
woeful
Related words: disaster
disastrously
Derived words: disastrously
disastrousness
nondisastrous
undisastrous
Translations:
disastrously
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English disastrous
Middle English -ly
English -ly
English disastrously
From disastrous + -ly.
Inflected forms:
form: more disastrously
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most disastrously
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: In a disastrous way. (Of the nature of a disaster; calamitously.)
pos: adv
examples: It has frequently been found that these [timber dry] docks have been incapable of successfully resisting this force, and in many instances the altars have been forced off, the sides of the entrance works have been forced inward, the bottom of the dock has been uplifted, and, where defects in the work have existed, an inflood of water once set up has resulted very disastrously and endangered the entire structure.
Mr. Dukakis charged that when it came to advising President Reagan on Iran, Mr. Bush was "disastrously and completely and unforgivably wrong."
Translations:
disappeared
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: disappeareds
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Caused to disappear by someone, often for political reasons.
pos: adj
tags: euphemistic
informal
not-comparable
gloss: A desaparecido.
pos: noun
Translations:
deprived
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more deprived
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most deprived
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Subject to deprivation; poor.
pos: adj
examples: London attracts some of the richest people in the world, but it is home also to some of the poorest people in the land. The three most deprived areas in Britain are all in London — Tower Hamlets, Newham and Hackney.
Translations:
visited
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more visited
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most visited
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: That has received a visit or visits.
pos: adj
Translations: