light
Part of speech: noun
verb
adj
adv
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-der.
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light
English light
From Middle English light, liht, leoht, from Old English lēoht, from Proto-West Germanic *leuht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą, from Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, from the root *lewk- (“to shine”).
Cognates
* Scots licht (“light”)
* Saterland Frisian Ljoacht, Lucht (“light”)
* West Frisian ljocht (“light”)
* Dutch licht (“light”)
* German Licht (“light”)
* German Low German Licht (“light”)
* Limburgish Leech, Leet, Léït (“light”)
* Luxembourgish Liicht (“light”)
* Vilamovian łicht (“light”)
* Yiddish ליכט (likht, “light”)
* Danish and Norwegian Bokmål lys (“light”)
* Elfdalian liuos (“light”)
* Faroese and Icelandic ljós (“light”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk ljos, ljus, lys (“light”)
* Swedish ljus (“light”)
* Latin lūx (“light”)
* Russian луч (luč, “beam of light”)
* Armenian լույս (luys, “light”)
* Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”)
* Persian رُخش (roxš).
Inflected forms:
form: lights
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: lite
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
informal
form: lighte
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyght
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyghte
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: licht
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Scotland
form: lights
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: lighting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: lit
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: lit
pos: verb
tags: past
form: lighted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
uncommon
form: lighted
pos: verb
tags: past
uncommon
form: light
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
participle
past
form: light
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
past
form: lite
pos: verb
tags: alternative
archaic
informal
form: lighte
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyght
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyghte
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: licht
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Scotland
form: lighter
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: lightest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: lite
pos: adj
tags: alternative
archaic
informal
form: lighte
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyght
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyghte
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: licht
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Scotland
form: lighter
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: lightest
pos: adv
tags: superlative
form: lite
pos: adv
tags: alternative
archaic
informal
form: lighte
pos: adv
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyght
pos: adv
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyghte
pos: adv
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: licht
pos: adv
tags: alternative
Scotland
Senses:
gloss: Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range visible to the human eye (about 400–750 nanometers): visible light.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: As you can see, this spacious dining-room gets a lot of light in the mornings.
Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps,[…], and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.
Here the stripped panelling was warmly gold and the pictures, mostly of the English school, were mellow and gentle in the afternoon light.
[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.
When the studio light is on, I am recording my evening show.
gloss: Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range visible to the human eye or in nearby ranges (infrared or ultraviolet radiation).
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
uncountable
examples: black light
gloss: Electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
uncommon
uncountable
examples: It’s everywhere. At this moment, as you sit quietly reading this book, you are awash in it. At work, it’s emanating from your electronic devices; step outside for lunch, and the sun bathes you in it. You may receive an extra dose of it when you visit your doctor, pass through security at the airport, or drive through city streets, but minuscule amounts of it are with you always. You cannot see, hear, smell, or feel it, but there is never a single second when it is not flying through your body. Too much of it will kill you, but without it you wouldn’t live a year. “Invisible light” seems like a contradiction. Like Simon and Garfunkel’s “The Sound of Silence,” it’s an oxymoron. We think of light, by definition, as something seen, something that enables our seeing, illuminating the darkness. Unlike dogs, who sniff in order to “get” what an object is, we depend on vision above all our other senses. We rely on light to tell us about our surroundings. But just as there are frequencies of sound audible to other animals that we cannot hear, there is a whole world of light outside our range of vision, a world that is humming with activity. Though we rarely think about this invisible world, our way of life depends on it. It’s because of invisible light that you can do things such as send a text message, use GPS to find your way to a friend’s house, listen to the radio, or microwave a frozen pizza. Invisible light shows us things we would never otherwise see, including our own skeletons and brains and the history of our universe. I was reminded of just how much we rely on invisible light, and how mysterious it remains to us, during a visit from my sister and her family. It was a lazy summer afternoon, and we were sprawled across a few couches sharing a bowl of popcorn. My niece, her shoulders crimson after a day outdoors, was chatting on her cell phone, holding up a promising finger to her mother, who was scolding her for not using sunscreen. My brother-in-law, meanwhile, was asking my opinion on an article he’d read proposing that Wi-Fi be banned in schools because of its dangers. We were all depending on invisible light (for the microwave popcorn, the cell-phone service) while being concerned that it might harm us (sunburn, mysterious Wi-Fi health threats) and confused about what to do to protect ourselves. We need it, and it surrounds us, yet we remain uneasy about living with invisible light, partly because we fear what is unknown. After all, most of us don’t know much about “all the light we cannot see.” This book aims to change that. My hope is to expose the hidden side of the spectrum, to make the invisible (at least temporarily) visible and vivid to you.
gloss: A source of illumination.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: Put that light out!
And the light ſhineth in darkneſſe, and the darkneſſe compꝛehended it not.
He was thinking; but the glory of the song, the swell from the great organ, the clustered lights, […], the height and vastness of this noble fane, its antiquity and its strength—all these things seemed to have their part as causes of the thrilling emotion that accompanied his thoughts.
gloss: A source of illumination.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: We turned off all the lights and went to sleep.
The ceiling lights were off, but I knew the narrow light spilling from the lamp on my bureau would be enough for her to see the pale red marks on my chest, which had been fading for so long they had gone back to being shiny again.
gloss: A source of illumination.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: To get to our house, turn right at the third light.
gloss: Spiritual or mental illumination; enlightenment, useful information.
pos: noun
tags: countable
figuratively
uncountable
examples: Can you throw any light on this problem?
He shall never know / That I had any light of this from thee.
A sudden light broke upon him and he repeated the first line with expression.
Greatly interested in these differences—some of them so great that they led me to seek exchanges of light with Englishmen—I looked for some work that would describe and account for them with a show of completeness, and perhaps depict the process of their origin.
gloss: Facts; pieces of information; ideas, concepts.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
in-plural
uncountable
examples: Now these notions are twofold, actions or habits[…], which are durable lights and notions, which we may use when we will.
"Well, there's her statement of her case, and according to her lights, it's a just one. She's got a slum-bred mind."
gloss: A notable person within a specific field or discipline.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Picasso was one of the leading lights of the cubist movement.
Joan of Arc, a light of ancient France
gloss: The manner in which the light strikes a picture; that part of a picture which represents those objects upon which the light is supposed to fall; the more illuminated part of a landscape or other scene; opposed to shade.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A point of view, or aspect from which a concept, person or thing is regarded.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: I'm really seeing you in a different light today.
Magoon's governorship in Cuba was viewed in a negative light by many Cuban historians for years thereafter.
Frequent consideration of a thing […] shows it in its several lights and various ways of appearance.
Thy ſteddy Temper, Portius,
Can look on Guilt, Rebellion, Fraud, and Cæſar,
In the calm Lights of mild Philoſophy; […]
Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it was that they did not want Jones back. When it was put to them in this light, they had no more to say.
gloss: A flame or something used to create fire.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: "There will, I expect, be many such - possibly whole cities in flames - when we consider how many folk may have dropped with lights in their hands."
gloss: A flame or something used to create fire.
pos: noun
tags: countable
slang
uncountable
examples: Hey, buddy, you got a light?
gloss: A firework made by filling a case with a substance which burns brilliantly with a white or coloured flame.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: a Bengal light
gloss: A window in architecture, carriage design, or motor car design: either the opening itself or the window pane of glass that fills it, if any.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: This facade has eight south-facing lights.
gloss: The series of squares reserved for the answer to a crossword clue.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The average length of a light on a 15×15 grid is 7 or 8.
gloss: A cross-light in a double acrostic or triple acrostic.
pos: noun
tags: countable
informal
uncountable
gloss: Open view; a visible state or condition; public observation; publicity.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The duke yet would have dark deeds darkly answered; he would never bring them to light.
gloss: The power of perception by vision: eyesight (sightedness; vision).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: My heart panteth, my strength faileth me: as for the light of mine eies, it also is gone from me.
gloss: The brightness of the eye or eyes.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: He seemed to find his way without his eyes; / For out o'door he went without their helps, / And, to the last, bended their light on me.
gloss: To start (a fire).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: We lit the fire to get some heat.
gloss: To set fire to; to set burning.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: She lit her last match.
if a thousand candles be all lighted from one
gloss: To illuminate; to provide light for when it is dark.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: I used my torch to light the way home through the woods in the night.
19th century', Frederic Harrison, The Fortnightly Review
One hundred years ago, to have lit this theatre as brilliantly as it is now lighted would have cost, I suppose, fifty pounds.
The Sun has set, and Vesper, to supply / His absent beams, had lighted up the sky.
It was lighted by a couple of windows, one of which favoured an intimate inspection of two chimney pots, and a diagonal section of the Town Hall clock.
"Can I light you down to your cab?"
gloss: To become ignited; to take fire.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: This soggy match will not light.
gloss: To attend or conduct with a light; to show the way to by means of a light.
pos: verb
examples: His bishops lead him forth, and light him on.
gloss: To make (a bonus) available to be collected by hitting a target, and thus light up the feature light corresponding to that bonus to indicate its availability.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Light the extra ball by amassing 500 million points in the wizard mode.
gloss: Having light; bright; clear; not dark or obscure.
pos: adj
examples: The room is light when the Sun shines through the window.
Historic England explained the listing: "The station's unique design employs a high level of sophistication and innovation through its use of conoid shells supported on a cruck-like frame, which not only create a dramatic aesthetic form, but endow the building with a light and spacious interior."
gloss: Pale or whitish in color; highly luminous and more or less deficient in chroma.
pos: adj
examples: She had light skin.
'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the Sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.
gloss: Served with extra milk or cream.
pos: adj
examples: I like my coffee light.
gloss: Carrying little.
pos: adv
examples: I prefer to travel light.
Synonyms: visible light
luminance
radiation
with milk
with cream
ablaze
coruscating
dazzling
effulgent
flashy
gleaming
glowing
hot
illuminated
incandescent
irradiated
lit
lucent
luminous
lustrous
radiant
refulgent
scintillating
shiny
sparkling
splendent
vibrant
Antonyms: darkness
T-ray
X-ray
alpha ray
beta ray
gamma ray
infrared
longwave
mediumwave
microwave
radio wave
shortwave
ultraviolet
cloudy
dark
dim
dull
shady
Related words: photon
belight
inlight
lightness
lighty
Derived words: aberration of light
antilight
antilights
arc light
bad light
batement light
Bengola light
betalight
better light
bili light
blue light bandit
blue light disco
blue-light special
borrowed light
bright lights
bright lights and cold steel
bring to light
by one's lights
can light
cast light on
catch the light
city lights
cold-cathode light
cold steel and bright lights
colour light
colour light signal
come to light
cosmic light horizon
deadlight
density of light
electric light bug
elf-light
enlight
enlighten
fairy lights
false light
fanlight
faster-than-light
faster than light
faster-than-light particle
fill light
first light
floating light
floodlight
Friday night lights
give a light
go out like a light
greenlight
guiding light
half-light
hard light
hide one's light under a bushel
hold a light
hyperlight
indicator light
in light of
in someone's light
in the cold light of day
in the light of
jump the lights
keep the lights on
kilolight
knock someone's lights out
leaded light
leading light
leadlight
let there be light
lidar
light at the end of the tunnel
light ball
lightbar
light barrel
light barrier
light-bearing
light bill
lightboard
lightboat
lightbox
light box
light bucket
light-bulbed
lightbulb
light bulb
light buoy
light century
light characteristic
light clock
light-collecting power
light cone
light curve
light day
light decade
light-dependent resistor
light due
light echo
light elf
light-emitting diode
light engineering
light eon
light equation
lightfast
light field
light fixture
lightfront
light-gathering power
light gele
light globe
light grasp
lightguide
light gun
lighthead
light hour
lighthouse
light intensity
light jockey
lightkeeper
lightless
lightlike
lightman
lightmans
lightmap
lightmapping
light meter
light microscope
light-mile
light mill
light millennium
light minute
light money
lightmonger
light month
light-nanosecond
light-off temperature
light of nature
light of one's eye
light of one's life
light-o'-love
light on the hill
light organ
light painting
light panel
lightpath
light pen
light pillar
light pipe
light-polluted
light pollution
light porter
lightpost
light probe
light profile
lightproof
lightray
light ray
lightroom
lightsaber
light sail
lights, camera, action
lightscape
light-scattering photometry
lightscot
light second
light sector
light-sensitive
lightshade
lightshift
lightship
light-shot
light show
light-skirts
light source
lights out
lights-out
light spectrum
lightspeed
light speed
lightstation
light station
lightstick
lightstrip
light-struck
light switch
light table
light therapy
light-tight
light time
light trespass
lightvessel
lightward
lightwards
light wave
light week
lightwell
lightwork
lightworker
light year
livers and lights
looplight
lovelight
lowlight
luthern-light
make a light
marker light
marsh light
matchlight
microlight
midlight
more heat than light
multilight
northern lights
offer the light
one-way light time
out like a light
peak of eternal light
penlight
pick-to-light
pipe-light
pocketlight
porchlight
portlight
punch someone's lights out
put on the red light
put someone's light out
put someone's lights out
quarter light
quarterlight
rainlight
Range of Light
ray of light
reading light
ringlight
running lights
rushlight
the light
the light of day
set light
shed light on
shed light upon
shine a light on
shine light on
Shine the Light Law
shoot the lights out
skylight
snowlight
southern lights
spacelight
speedlight
speed of light
Spirit of Light
Spooklight
stand in one's own light
St. Elmo's light
stop the lights
straylight
strike a light
striplight
strip light
sub-light
super-light
sweetness and light
tealight
the lights are on but nobody's home
the lights are on but no one's home
throw light on
thunderlight
toplight
torchlight
trick of the light
tubelight
underlight
warlight
watchlight
waxlight
windowlight
yellow light of death
lightful
lightwood
nonlight
overlight
uplight
better to light a candle than to curse the darkness
better to light a single candle than to curse the darkness
better to light one candle than to curse the darkness
better to light one small candle than to curse the darkness
chain-light
highlight
kick the tires and light the fires
lightable
light a fire under
light off
light on
light one's hair on fire
light someone's fire
light the touch-paper
light-up
light upon
light up the tote
mislight
prelight
relight
unlight
light up
Light Alfs
light bread
light brown apple moth
lightface
lightfaced
light-haired
lightie
lightish
light matter
Light Net
light orange
light paper
light plough
light side of the Force
lightskin
light-skinned
Light Web
noonlight
lightsome
lightsomely
lightsomeness
Translations:
lang: Afrikaans
word: lig
lang: Akkadian
word: nūrum
lang: Arabic
word: نُور
roman: nūr
lang: Arabic
word: ليت
roman: lēt
lang: Arabic
word: ضو
roman: ḍaww, ḍuww, ḍū
lang: Aragonese
word: luz
lang: Armenian
word: լույս
roman: luys
lang: Asturian
word: lluz
lang: Azerbaijani
word: işıq
lang: Bashkir
word: яҡты
roman: yaqtı
lang: Bashkir
word: ут
roman: ut
lang: Basque
word: argi
lang: Bulgarian
word: осветле́ние
roman: osvetlénie
lang: Burmese
word: အလင်း
roman: a.lang:
lang: Catalan
word: llum
lang: Cherokee
word: ᎠᏨᏍᏗ
roman: atsvsdi
lang: Chinese Cantonese
word: 燈 /灯
roman: dang¹
lang: Chinese
word: 光源
roman: zh-min-nan
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 光源
roman: guāngyuán
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 燈 /灯
roman: dēng
lang: Mwali Comorian
word: mwendje
lang: Ndzwani Comorian
word: matra class 6
lang: Czech
word: světlo
lang: Danish
word: lys
lang: Danish
word: lyskilde
lang: Dutch
word: licht
lang: Esperanto
word: lampo
lang: Faroese
word: ljós
lang: Finnish
word: valo
lang: French
word: lumière
lang: Galician
word: luz
lang: German
word: Lichtquelle
lang: German
word: Licht
lang: Greek
word: φως
roman: fos
lang: Ancient Greek
word: φωστήρ
roman: phōstḗr
lang: Hebrew
word: אוֹר
roman: or
lang: Hindi
word: प्रकाश
roman: prakāś
lang: Hindi
word: उजाला
roman: ujālā
lang: Hindi
word: आलोक
roman: ālok
lang: Hindi
word: उज्ज्वल
roman: ujjval
lang: Hindi
word: दीप्ति
roman: dīpti
lang: Hindi
word: ज्योति
roman: jyoti
lang: Hungarian
word: fényforrás
lang: Hungarian
word: fényszóró
lang: Hungarian
word: fény
lang: Hungarian
word: villany
lang: Hungarian
word: lámpa
lang: Hungarian
word: világítás
lang: Icelandic
word: ljós
lang: Ido
word: lumo
lang: Interlingua
word: lumine
lang: Irish
word: solas
lang: Italian
word: luce
lang: Japanese
word: 明かり
roman: akari
lang: Japanese
word: 灯り
roman: akari
lang: Japanese
word: 光源
roman: kōgen
lang: Javanese
word: sunar
lang: Korean
word: 불
roman: bul
lang: Central Kurdish
word: ڕۆشنایی
roman: roşnayî
lang: Northern Kurdish
word: ronî
lang: Northern Kurdish
word: ronahî
lang: Lao
word: ປະທີບ
roman: pa thīp
lang: Latin
word: lūmen
lang: Latin
word: lūcerna
lang: Ligurian
word: lûxe
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: lys
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: ljos
lang: Old English
word: lēoht
lang: Old Prussian
word: likti
lang: Iranian Persian
word: چِراغ
roman: čerâġ
lang: Polish
word: światło
lang: Portuguese
word: luz
lang: Quechua
word: acki
lang: Quechua
word: azki
lang: Romanian
word: lumină
lang: Romanian
word: corp de iluminat
lang: Russian
word: свет
roman: svet
lang: Russian
word: освеще́ние
roman: osveščénije
lang: Scots
word: licht
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: solas
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: soillse
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: svetlo
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: svetlost
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: svetlina
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: luča
lang: Slovak
word: osvetlenie
lang: Slovene
word: luč
lang: Sotho
word: lesedi
lang: Spanish
word: luz
lang: Spanish
word: luminaria
lang: Spanish
word: iluminaria
lang: Swahili
word: mwanga
lang: Swedish
word: ljus
lang: Tagalog
word: ilaw
lang: Tagalog
word: liwanag
lang: Tarifit
word: tfawt
lang: Tausug
word: su
lang: Telugu
word: జ్యోతి
roman: jyōti
lang: Tewa
word: ko
lang: Tok Pisin
word: lait
lang: Turkish
word: ışık
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: ایشق
roman: ışık
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: سراج
roman: sirac
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: چراغ
roman: çerağ, çirağ
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: آیدین
roman: aydın
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: نور
roman: nur
lang: Ukrainian
word: сві́тло
roman: svítlo
lang: Ukrainian
word: осві́тлення
roman: osvítlennja
lang: Urdu
word: رَوشْنی
roman: rauśnī
lang: Urdu
word: روشْنی
roman: rośnī
lang: Urdu
word: پْرَکَاش
roman: prakāś
lang: Urdu
word: پَرْکَاش
roman: parkāś
lang: Urdu
word: بَتّی
roman: battī
lang: Venetan
word: lum
lang: Vietnamese
word: đèn
lang: Walloon
word: loumire
lang: Walloon
word: lampe
lang: Waray-Waray
word: suna
lang: Waray-Waray
word: hayag
lang: Welsh
word: golau
lang: Welsh
word: goleuni
lang: Welsh
word: lleu
lang: Yakut
word: сырдык
roman: sïrdïk
lang: Yiddish
word: ליכט
roman: likht
lang: Zazaki
word: berq
lang: Aragonese
word: fuego
lang: Bashkir
word: ут
roman: ut
lang: Bulgarian
word: запа́лка
roman: zapálka
lang: Burmese
word: မီး
roman: mi:
lang: Catalan
word: flama
lang: Catalan
word: metxa
lang: Danish
word: flamme
lang: Dutch
word: vuurtje
lang: Finnish
word: tuli
lang: Galician
word: luz
lang: German
word: Flamme
lang: Hebrew
word: אֵשׁ
roman: ésh
lang: Hungarian
word: tűz
lang: Hungarian
word: gyufa
lang: Hungarian
word: öngyújtó
lang: Interlingua
word: foco
lang: Irish
word: solas
lang: Japanese
word: 明かり
roman: akari
lang: Japanese
word: 火
roman: hi
lang: Korean
word: 불
roman: bul
lang: Latin
word: lux
lang: Latin
word: lumen
lang: Manchu
word: ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ
roman: elden
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: flamme
lang: Polish
word: ogień
lang: Portuguese
word: fogo
lang: Russian
word: спи́чки
roman: spíčki
lang: Russian
word: зажига́лка
roman: zažigálka
lang: Scots
word: licht
lang: Spanish
word: fuego
lang: Spanish
word: mechero
lang: Swahili
word: mwanga
lang: Telugu
word: అంటించు
roman: aṇṭiñcu
lang: Vietnamese
word: lửa
lang: Finnish
word: ikkuna
lang: Finnish
word: ikkuna-aukko
lang: Galician
word: luz
lang: Hungarian
word: ablaknyílás
lang: Hungarian
word: ablak
lang: Japanese
word: 明かり取り
roman: akaritori
lang: Polish
word: światło
lang: Polish
word: okno
lang: Polish
word: świetlik
lang: Swahili
word: mwanga
lang: Telugu
word: కిటికి
roman: kiṭiki