yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
admixture
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Latin admixtūra, from admixtus, past participle of admisceō (“to mix in”), from misceō (“to mix”). Analyzable as ad- + mixture.
Base: mixture
Affixes: ad-
Inflected forms:
form: admixtures
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An instance of admixing, a mixing in of something.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The admixture of vanilla extract in the dough improved the pastries' flavor.
[Penelope and Euryclea] express their feelings in copious direct discourse. Feelings though they are, with only a slight admixture of the most general considerations upon human destiny, the syntactical connection between part and part is perfectly clear, no contour is blurred.
Gas analysis of blood samples, obtained from different sites in the heart and great vessels, permits demonstration of admixture of oxygenated blood in the venous side or admixture of venous blood in the arterial side of the circulation.
gloss: An instance of admixing, a mixing in of something.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Both were lean, raw-boned specimens; the man tall, sandy, and grey-eyed, and the woman short and rather dark, with a black straightness of hair suggesting a slight Indian admixture.
gloss: A mixture, in some contexts
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A mixture, in some contexts:
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Background EEG demonstrates an admixture of theta and delta waves.
Derived words: admix
Translations:
lang: Danish
word: tilsætning
lang: Danish
word: tilføring
lang: Finnish
word: lisäys
lang: Finnish
word: lisääminen
lang: Irish
word: meascadh
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: tilsetning
lang: Spanish
word: adición
lang: Spanish
word: admixtión
lang: Bulgarian
word: смес
roman: smes
lang: Bulgarian
word: примес
roman: primes
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 混合
roman: hùnhé
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 混合物
roman: hùnhéwù
lang: Finnish
word: sekoitus
lang: Greek
word: πρόσμιξη
roman: prósmixi
lang: Greek
word: σύμμιξη
roman: sýmmixi
lang: Hindi
word: सम्मिश्रण
roman: sammiśraṇ
lang: Hindi
word: मिश्रण
roman: miśraṇ
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: blanding
lang: Spanish
word: mezcla
lang: Spanish
word: admixtión
lang: Swedish
word: blandning
aforementioned
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English afore-
English mentioned
English aforementioned
From afore- + mentioned.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Previously mentioned.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: It wasn't until later that we realized that the aforementioned caller and this taciturn man were the same person.
The tombs where they lay, rested, and slept to problem solve amongst one another telepathically were secured to the deck by crisscrossing to center heavy stainless-steel chains’ that encapsulated and encased each of the aforementioned Gods, Goddesses, and Princessian High Priestesses.
DeMaio's problem with the resolution is in part related to the section calling out various anti-LBGTQ+ bills, which reads: "The aforementioned anti-LGBTQ+ bills disproportionately target TGI people and include efforts to prohibit access to lifesaving gender-affirming health care, […]
gloss: The one or ones mentioned previously.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: The judge read a list of prisoners' names. She then indicated that the aforementioned were to be set free.
Synonyms: abovementioned
aforesaid
mentioned
Antonyms: following
undermentioned
Translations:
preposition
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English preposicioun, from Old French preposicion, from Latin praepositio, praepositionem, from praepono (“to place before”), equivalent to pre- + position. Compare French préposition. So called because it is placed before the word with which it is phrased, as in a bridge of iron, he comes from town, it is good for food, he escaped by running.
Base: position
Affixes: pre-
Inflected forms:
form: prepositions
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: præposition
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.
pos: noun
tags: strict-sense
examples: 322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
And in (121) below, we see that when a wh-NP is used as the Object of a Preposition, the whole Prepositional Phrase can undergo WH MOVEMENT:
 (121) (a) [To whom] can I send this letter —?
 (121) (b) [About what] are they quarrelling —?
 (121) (c) [In which book] did you read about it —?
I love this girl. “On which I can get my hands” — even in her darkest moment, she cannot bring herself to end a sentence with a preposition.
gloss: An adposition.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
gloss: A proposition; an exposition; a discourse.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: […] he made a longe preposicion & oracion cōcernynge yͤ allegiaūce which he exortyd his lordes to owe
Related words: preverb
Translations:
pam
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Probably short for French Pamphile (“a given name”), special use of man's name.
Inflected forms:
form: pams
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The jack of clubs in loo played with hands of 5 cards.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A card game, similar to napoleon, in which the jack of clubs is the highest trump.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Translations:
billabong
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Wiradjuri bilabang, likely a compound from Wiradjuri bila (“river”) and Wiradjuri bong or Wiradjuri bung (“dead”).
Inflected forms:
form: billabongs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An anabranch, backwater or oxbow lake that is temporarily cut off from the main river, especially one that is only filled with water during the rainy season and can sometimes dry up completely.
pos: noun
tags: Australia
examples: Oh there once was a swagman camped in the billabong,
 Under the shade of a coolibah tree,
 And he sang as he looked at the old billy boiling,
 'Who'll come a'waltzing Matilda, with me.'
Translations:
accused
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: law
Etymology: * (noun): First attested in the 1590's.
* From accuse (“blame”) + -ed
Base: accuse
Affixes: -ed
Inflected forms:
form: accuseds
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: accused
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: more accused
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most accused
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: The person charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.
pos: noun
examples: The accused arrived at the Baoshan District Court in Shanghai in the morning and a tribunal officer told AFP that a verdict may be issued later on Monday, but it was up to the judge.
gloss: Having been accused; being the target of accusations.
pos: adj
examples: This power chiefly fell to the queen, and she was more accused than ever of too much leaning towards her own country; […]
Naples had an almost stronger preference for the interposition of Spain, while the great republic of Venice in the eyes of Italy stood accused of aspiring to bring the whole peninsula under its sway, […]
If she felt unimportant, you showed her that she was important to you. If she felt accused, you reassured her. If she felt guilty, you helped her feel better.
Translations:
acidity
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: From French acidité, from Latin aciditātem, accusative singular of aciditās (“sourness, acidity”), from acidus (“sour, acid”). Equivalent to acid + -ity.
Base: acid
Affixes: -ity
Inflected forms:
form: acidities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The quality or state of being acid.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the acidity of lemon juice
Empty stomachs lead to acidity and leave a sour taste in the mouth.
gloss: Excessive acid quality, as in gastric secretions.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A caustic, sour, biting, or bitter quality.
pos: noun
tags: countable
figuratively
uncountable
examples: "What shall we call it?" he asked. "Why should you not take the chance of perpetuating your own name?" said Summerlee, with his usual touch of acidity.
It was a brave, good speech, a speech from that staunch and strong spirit which lay behind all the acidities and angularities of the old zoologist.
Antonyms: alkalinity
basicity
Derived words: acidity function
acidity regulator
anacidity
Hammett acidity function
hyperacidity
hypoacidity
nonacidity
subacidity
superacidity
Translations:
lang: Arabic
word: حُمُوضَة
roman: ḥumūḍa
lang: Dutch
word: zuurheid
lang: Finnish
word: hapokkuus
lang: Finnish
word: happamuus
lang: Georgian
word: სიმჟავე
roman: simžave
lang: Hindi
word: अम्लिमा
roman: amlimā
lang: Irish
word: aigéadacht
lang: Italian
word: acidità
lang: Maltese
word: qrusa
lang: Pannonian Rusyn
word: квашносц
roman: kvašnosc
lang: Persian
word: ترشی
roman: torši
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: киселост
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: kiselost
lang: Swedish
word: surhet
lang: Turkish
word: asidite
lang: Turkish
word: ekşilik
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: اكشیلك
roman: ekşilik
maiden
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
Etymology: From Middle English mayden, meiden, from Old English mæġden (“girl”), originally a diminutive of mæġeþ (“girl”) via diminutive suffix -en, from Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs. Equivalent to maid + -en.
Base: maid
Affixes: -en
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Virgin.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: a surprising old maiden lady
It was just the middle of October when I moved in with my maiden sister […]
gloss: Without offspring.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Like or befitting a (young, unmarried) maiden.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Haue you no modeſty, no maiden ſhame, / No touch of baſhfulneſſe?
gloss: Being a first occurrence or event.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
not-comparable
examples: 1975 was the year when West Indies won their maiden World Cup title.
The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
After Edmund Burke's maiden speech, William Pitt the Elder said Burke had "spoken in such a manner as to stop the mouths of all Europe" and that the Commons should congratulate itself on acquiring such a member.
Venezuelan Pastor Maldonado took his maiden victory and Williams's first since 2004 in a strategic battle with Ferrari's Fernando Alonso.
gloss: Being an over in which no runs are scored.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: He bowled a record twelve maiden overs in his spell of 8-33 in 21 overs.
gloss: Fresh; innocent; unpolluted; pure; hitherto unused.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Come Brother Iohn, full brauely haſt thou fleſht thy Maiden ſword.
When I am dead, good Wench, / Let me be vs’d with Honor; ſtrew me ouer / With Maiden Flowers, that all the world may know / I was a chaſte Wife, to my Graue: Embalme me, / Then lay me forth (although vnqueen’d) yet like / A Queene, and Daughter to a King enterre me.
gloss: Never having been captured or violated.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Victorie forsook him for ever since he ransacked the maiden town of Magdenburg
But every citizen considered his own honor as bound up with the honor of the maiden fortress.
gloss: Grown from seed and never pruned.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Synonyms: maidenly
Derived words: maidenhair
flesh one's maiden sword
maiden assize
maiden-auntish
maiden flight
maiden grass
maidenhair fern
maidenhair tree
maiden name
maiden over
maiden plum
maiden run
maiden speech
maiden stake
maiden voyage
Translations:
ribbon
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English riban, ryban, ryband, from Old French riban, ruban ( > modern French ruban), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic compound whose second element is cognate with English band. Compare Middle Dutch ringhband (“necklace”, literally “ring-band”).
Inflected forms:
form: ribbons
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: ribboning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: ribboned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: ribboned
pos: verb
tags: past
form: reebon
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: To decorate with ribbon.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To stripe or streak.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Translations:
meringue
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
Etymology: Borrowed from French meringue. Historically, it was believed that meringue was invented in and named for the Swiss village of Meiringen, but the term is now thought to derive instead from Middle Dutch meringue (“light evening meal”), of unclear origin:
* perhaps from Latin merenda (“light evening meal”), or
* perhaps from Middle Dutch *meren (“to dip or soak bread”), from Old Dutch *meren, itself of unclear origin:
** perhaps from Proto-Germanic *marjaną (“to grind, pound”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to rub, pack”).
** perhaps from Proto-Germanic *marhin (“soup of bread and wine or water”), from Proto-Indo-European *mark-, *merk- (“wet”).
Compare Middle Low German meringe (from mern (“to dip bread in wine”)), Middle High German merunge (from mëren (“to soak bread in wine or water for dinner”)), Old English merian (“to purify, cleanse, test”). Doublet of merengue.
Inflected forms:
form: meringues
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: meringues
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: meringuing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: meringued
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: meringued
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A mixture consisting of beaten egg whites and sugar which is added to the tops of pies then browned.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The key to a good baked Alaska is the meringue topping.
gloss: A shell made of this mixture which serves as the receptacle for fruit, ice cream or sherbet.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Shirley likes to have strawberry with her meringue.
It had the same laxness in texture that all organic structures seem to have upon the moon; it tasted rather like a gauffre or a damp meringue, but in no way was it disagreeable.
gloss: To prepare as a meringue dish.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: French meringue
Italian meringue
lemon meringue pie
meringue glacé
meringue horn
meringuelike
meringuey
Swiss meringue
Translations:
gumdrop
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From gum + drop.
Compound parts: gum
drop
Inflected forms:
form: gumdrops
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A small chewy candy made with corn syrup, gelatin, and flavouring.
pos: noun
Translations:
hither
Part of speech: adv
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Old English hider, from Proto-Germanic *hidrê. Cognate with Latin citer.
Inflected forms:
form: hithers
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: hithering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: hithered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: hithered
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To this place, to here.
pos: adv
tags: archaic
literary
not-comparable
examples: He went hither and thither.
SATURNINUS: Go fetch them hither to us presently.
TITUS: Why, there they are, both baked in that pie,
Whereof their mother daintily hath fed,
Eating the flesh that she herself hath bred.
Unto her handmaid she cried,
"Go fetch my gold harp hither to me,
Sir Thynnè, I'll draw to my side."
But the road left the river again; there were certainly twistings and turnings, as the old woman had said, for at one moment it wound hither and the next thither, and at some places it was almost imperceptible.
"How now, you scullions and cullions: bring hither a pair of cow's hooves to out face this contumelious caitiff."
gloss: over here
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
gloss: only used in the phrase hither and thither
pos: verb
Antonyms: hence
Related words: thither
whither
Derived words: behither
come-hither
come hither
hither and thither
hither and yon
hither and yonder
hithermost
hitherside
hitherto
hithertofore
hitherunto
hitherward
hitherwards
Translations:
teetotal
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From total, the reduplicated tee acts as an intensifier, hence T-total. First use appears in 1834.
Inflected forms:
form: more teetotal
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most teetotal
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: teetotals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Abstinent from alcohol; never drinking alcohol.
pos: adj
examples: There is absolutely a teetotal society here in the heart of the mountains, and some quarrelsome drunkards have become reformed!
gloss: Opposed to the drinking of alcohol.
pos: adj
gloss: Total.
pos: adj
tags: dated
emphatic
examples: That's a teetotal lie.
gloss: One who abstains from drinking alcohol.
pos: noun
examples: Hubert is trying to persuade James, a strict Presbyterian and teetotal, to come into the pub.
Related words: abstain
temperance
Derived words: antiteetotal
teetotaler
teetotalism
teetotalist
teetotalistic
teetotaller
teetotalling
teetotally
unteetotal
Translations:
fortitude
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English fortitude, from Old French, from Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”), from fortis (“brave, strong”).
Inflected forms:
form: fortitudes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Mental or emotional strength that enables courage in the face of adversity.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: I am able now (me thinkes) / (Out of a Fortitude of Soule, I feele) / To endure more Miſeries, […]
I shall soon have need for all my fortitude, as I am on the point of separation from my own daughter.
She [the ship] may be saved by your efforts, by your resource and fortitude bearing up against the heavy weight of guilt and failure.
Mitt Romney […] charges that [Barack] Obama is an appeaser who apologizes for America, lacks fortitude and is "tentative, indecisive, timid and nuanced."
The proper fans might also expend time—about twenty hours—trying to visit every Tube station as quickly as possible. […] But to visit every station in record time—which people have been attempting since at least 1960—requires real fortitude. You must get up before dawn, you must drink or eat almost nothing, so niggardly is the Underground with toilet provision.
gloss: Physical strength.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
uncountable
examples: The Turke with moſt mighty preparation makes for Cipres. Othello, the fortitude of the place, is beſt knowne to you, […]
Hey day! VVhat are all the VVomen of my Family abroad? Is not my Wife come home? Nor my Siſter, nor my Daughter? […] Mercy on us, what can be the meaning of it? Sure the Moon is in all her Fortitudes; […]
Related words: forte
fortify
fortitudinous
Derived words: intestinal fortitude
testicular fortitude
Translations:
Lithuanian
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English Lithuania
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Italic *-nos
Latin -nus
Latin -ānus
Old French -ainder.
Middle English -an
English -an
English Lithuanian
From Lithuania + -an.
Inflected forms:
form: more Lithuanian
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most Lithuanian
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: Lith.
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Lithuanians
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: Lith.
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Of or relating to Lithuania.
pos: adj
gloss: The main language of Lithuania.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: A person living in or coming from Lithuania.
pos: noun
tags: countable
Related words: Wiktionary’s coverage of Lithuanian terms
Lithuania
Derived words: Polish-Lithuanian
Translations:
disgust
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French desgouster, from Old French desgouster (“to put off one's appetite”), from des- (“dis-”) + gouster, goster (“to taste”), from Latin gustus (“a tasting”). By surface analysis, dis- + gust (“taste”).
The noun is from Middle French desgoust, from the verb.
Inflected forms:
form: disgusts
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: disgusting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: disgusted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: disgusted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To cause an intense dislike for something.
pos: verb
examples: It disgusts me to see her chew with her mouth open.
Tuc[ca]. […] Can thy Author doe it impudently enough? / Hiſt[rio]. O, I warrant you, Captaine: and ſpitefully inough too; he ha's one of the moſt ouerflowing villanous wits, in Rome. He will ſlander any man that breathes; If he diſguſt him. / Tucca. I'le know the poor, egregious, nitty Raſcall; and he haue ſuch commendable Qualities, I'le cheriſh him: […]
Mud This is a very specious piece of business; and above my implication—Dear me—dear me—what a thing it is, that one never can disgust one’s meals in peace—but one must be torn piecemeal with defamations—convocations—and other informalities—If I’d any of the fees and requisites of office for my pains—it would be a different thing—but every body knows I’m an ignoramous, and commit justice gratis—I must disperse the complaint.
1874, Marcus Clarke, For the Term of His Natural Life Chapter V
It is impossible to convey, in words, any idea of the hideous phantasmagoria of shifting limbs and faces which moved through the evil-smelling twilight of this terrible prison-house. Callot might have drawn it, Dante might have suggested it, but a minute attempt to describe its horrors would but disgust.
gloss: An intense dislike or loathing someone feels for something bad or nasty.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: With an air of disgust, she stormed out of the room.
Antonyms: allure
attraction
Translations:
dismal
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English dismal, dismale, from Anglo-Norman dismal, from Old French (li) dis mals (“(the) bad days”), from Medieval Latin diēs malī (“bad days”).
Inflected forms:
form: more dismal
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most dismal
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Disastrous, calamitous.
pos: adj
gloss: Disappointingly inadequate.
pos: adj
examples: He received a dismal compensation.
Liverpool's efforts thereafter had an air of desperation as their dismal 2012 league form continued.
gloss: Causing despair; gloomy and bleak.
pos: adj
examples: The storm made for a dismal weekend
gloss: Depressing, dreary, cheerless.
pos: adj
examples: She was lost in dismal thoughts of despair
So, after a spell, he decided to make the best of it and shoved us into the front parlor. 'Twas a dismal sort of place, with hair wreaths, and wax fruit, and tin lambrekins, and land knows what all. It looked like a tomb and smelt pretty nigh as musty and dead-and-gone.
Derived words: dismal Dora
dismalise
dismality
dismalize
dismal Jimmy
dismally
dismalness
dismal science
Dismal Swamp
Great Dismal Swamp
undismal
Translations:
pretzel
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus
Proto-Hellenic *brəkʰús
Ancient Greek βρᾰχῠ́ς (brăkhŭ́s)
Proto-Indo-European *-yōsder.
Proto-Indo-European *-isō
Proto-Hellenic *-ihō
Ancient Greek -ῑ́ων (-ī́ōn)
Ancient Greek βρᾰχῑ́ων (brăkhī́ōn)bor.
Vulgar Latin bracchium
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos
Proto-Italic *-ātos
Vulgar Latin -ātus
Vulgar Latin brāchiātus
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Indo-European *-elós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Vulgar Latin -lus
Vulgar Latin -ellus
Vulgar Latin *brāchiātellusbor.
Old High German brēzitella
Middle High German brēzel
German Brezel
German Pretzelbor.
English pretzel
From dialectal German Pretzel, a variant of standard Brezel, from Old High German brēzitella, from Vulgar Latin *brāchiātellus, diminutive of Latin brāchium, bracchium (“arm”); named for the appearance of folded arms.
Inflected forms:
form: pretzels
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: brezel
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
form: bretzel
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: pretzels
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: pretzeling
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
present
form: pretzelling
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
present
form: pretzeled
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
past
form: pretzeled
pos: verb
tags: US
past
form: pretzelled
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
past
form: pretzelled
pos: verb
tags: UK
past
form: brezel
pos: verb
tags: alternative
rare
form: bretzel
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A toasted bread or cracker usually in the shape of a loose knot.
pos: noun
examples: When I was young, the best Philadelphia could do in the way of combining music and eating—or principally drinking—was at the Mäennerchor Garden at Ninth and Green, where a pretzel might be had with a glass of beer, or a sherry cobbler
Outside, the little birds on the telegraph wires looked in at the moving picture and smiled at one another. Some even wept. Then they flew down into the street and simply raved over a stale pretzel, ten days dead.
gloss: Anything that is knotted, twisted, or tangled.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
figuratively
examples: he drew himself up into a regular pretzel of a boy
gloss: To bend, twist, or contort.
pos: verb
tags: Canada
US
informal
transitive
examples: They discovered a snake pretzelled into knots.
Derived words: get one's panties in a pretzel
minipretzel
pretzel-bender
pretzelize
pretzel knot
pretzellike
pretzel link
pretzelosity
pretzel pillow
pretzel style
pretzel syndrome
Translations:
foe
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English fo (“foe; hostile”), from earlier yfoh, yvo, ifa (“foe”), from Old English ġefāh (“enemy”), from fāh (“hostile”), from Proto-West Germanic *faih, from Proto-Germanic *faihaz (compare Old Frisian fāch (“punishable”), Middle High German gevēch (“feuder”)), from Proto-Indo-European *peyk/ḱ- (“to hate, be hostile”) (compare Middle Irish óech (“enemy, fiend”), Lithuanian pi̇̀ktas (“evil”)).
Inflected forms:
form: foes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An enemy.
pos: noun
examples: And a mans foes ſhalbe they of his owne houſhold.
Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.
Antonyms: ally
friend
Translations:
balderdash
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Unknown, possibly from the early English drink of wine mixed with beer or water or other substances that was sold cheaply.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Senseless talk or writing; nonsense.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Where, you cried in the name of Wonder, have you been able to gather together such an old fashioned Bundlement of Scientific Balderdash?
[He] has the audacity to demand of us, for this twattle, a ‘speedy insertion and prompt pay.’ We neither insert nor purchase any stuff of the sort. There can be no doubt, however, that he would meet with a ready sale for all the balderdash he can scribble, at the office of either the ‘Rowdy-Dow,’ the ‘Lollipop,’ or the ‘Goosetherumfoodle.’
Charles Gould assumed that if the appearance of listening to deplorable balderdash must form part of the price he had to pay for being left unmolested, the obligation of uttering balderdash personally was by no means included in the bargain.
A. Fink-Nottle: But it's absolute balderdash, Bertie. I mean, listen to this: "Sure and begorrah, I don't know what's after being the matter with you, Michael." I mean, what on earth is this "what's after being" stuff mean?
B.W. Wooster: My dear old Gussie, that is how people think Irish people talk.
gloss: A worthless mixture, especially of liquors.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
uncountable
examples: [T]hey would no more liue vnder the yoke of the Sea, or haue their heads waſht with his bubbly ſpume or Barbers balderdaſh, [...]
1637, John Taylor, Drinke and Welcome, London: Anne Griffin, “Beere,”
Indeede Beere, by a Mixture of Wine, it enjoyes approbation amongst some few (that hardly understand wherefore) but then it is no longer Beere, but hath lost both Name and Nature, and is called Balderdash (an Utopian denomination) …
1783, John O’Keeffe, The Agreeable Surprise, Newry: R. Stevenson, Act I, Scene 1, pp. 6-7,
… I took him to oblige a foolish old friend of mine, who intended him for Saint Omers; so I must keep him to draw good wine, and brew balderdash Latin.
gloss: Obscene language or writing.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
uncountable
examples: Trugge, therefore, (who has a foul mouth of his own, when he pleases) talked balderdash to Mrs. Sudberry, through the key-hole, which she did not answer, for, indeed, she seems a civil spoken woman, truly [...]
With me your work will be easy and your life happy, with him you will be a drudge and the lacquey of a drudge [...]: from me you will hear none but pious and edifying conversation; from them nothing but balderdash and blasphemy in an outlandish dialect [...]
Translations:
jerk
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
weightlifting
Etymology: Probably from Middle English yerk (“sudden motion”) and Middle English yerkid (“tightly pulled”), from Old English ġearc (“ready, active, quick”) and Old English ġearcian (“to prepare, make ready, procure, furnish, supply”). Cognate with Scots yerk (“to jerk”). Related also to English yare (“ready”).
Inflected forms:
form: jerks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: jerking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: jerked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: jerked
pos: verb
tags: past
form: yark
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To make a sudden uncontrolled movement.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: York came to me first, whilst the groom stood at Ginger's head. He drew my head back and fixed the rein so tight that it was almost intolerable; then he went to Ginger, who was impatiently jerking her head up and down against the bit, as was her way now.
gloss: To give a quick, often unpleasant tug or shake.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To masturbate.
pos: verb
tags: US
slang
vulgar
gloss: To masturbate.
pos: verb
tags: Internet
US
slang
vulgar
examples: This is jerking’s 9/11
gloss: To beat, to hit.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
gloss: To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: to jerk a stone
gloss: To lift using a jerk.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
usually
gloss: To flout with contempt.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
Related words: acceleration
displacement
velocity
jounce
Derived words: jerksome
jerk around
jerk it
jerk off
jerk one out
jerk over
jerk someone's chain
jerk the gherkin
jerkwater
jerk water
Translations:
ber
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Old Hindi बेर (bera)
Hindi बेर (ber)bor.
English ber
Borrowed from Hindi बेर (ber).
Inflected forms:
form: bers
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: bair
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bear
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bér
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bèr
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bër
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bher
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bir
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A fruit-bearing tree (Ziziphus mauritiana); Indian jujube.
pos: noun
Translations:
nationality
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From national + -ity, perhaps after French nationalité; ultimately from Latin nātio (“nation, people”).
Base: national
Affixes: -ity
Inflected forms:
form: nationalities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Legal membership of a particular nation or state, by origin, birth, naturalization, ownership, allegiance or otherwise.
pos: noun
examples: By living in the country for five years, you are entitled to get nationality.
Stefi was born in Spain to a Brazilian father and a Chilean mother, so is eligible for three nationalities.
Please include your nationality on the form.
One reason why many Asian countries oppose dual nationality is a belief that it can create divided loyalties among citizens, said Jelena Dzankic, co-director of the Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT), an international citizenship research network.
Guatemala has pledged a 40% increase in deportation flights carrying Guatemalans and migrants of other nationalities from the United States, President Bernardo Arévalo announced Wednesday during a press conference with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio.
gloss: A people sharing a common origin, culture and/or language, and possibly constituting a nation-state.
pos: noun
gloss: National, i.e. ethnic and/or cultural, character or identity.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
examples: […]permit me to say that the Harranians were Arabs and that the Arabs in occupying Spain and Andalusia did not lose their nationality; they remained Arabs. […] The fact that they preserved their former religion, Sabaeanism, does not mean they should be considered foreign to the Arab nationality.
gloss: Nationalism or patriotism.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
examples: ‘You are, to be sure, wonderfully free from that nationality: but so it happens, that you employ the only Scotch shoe-black in London.’
gloss: Political existence, independence or unity as a national entity.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
Related words: nation
national
nationalise
nationalism
nationalist
nationalistic
nationalize
nationhood
nation-state
nationwide
naturalize
Derived words: antinationality
double nationality
dual nationality
ethnonationality
nationalitarian
nationality sign
transnationality
unnationality
Translations:
provenance
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: archaeology
art
arts
computing
engineering
history
human-sciences
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from French provenance (“origin”), from Middle French provenant, present participle of provenir (“come forth, arise”), from Latin provenio (“to come forth”).
Inflected forms:
form: provenances
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: provenances
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: provenancing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: provenanced
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: provenanced
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Place or source of origin.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Many supermarkets display the provenance of their food products.
Within this melee of intersections between English and Cantonese, the students, being themselves bilingually fluent, were able to navigate with perfect ease in communicative contexts where the provenance of a certain term or expression matters little.
gloss: The place and time of origin of some artifact or other object. See Usage notes below.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: This spear is of Viking provenance.
Further support for the Shansi provenance came in 1965, when a bronze quadruped with identical ornamentation and of approximately the same size as the Freer example was unearthed in tomb 126, at Fen-shui-ling, Ch'ang-chih, Shansi Province.
gloss: The history of ownership of a work of art.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The picture is of royal provenance.
gloss: The copy history of a piece of data, or the intermediate pieces of data used to compute a final data element, as in a database record or web site (data provenance).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The execution history of computer processes which were used to compute a final piece of data (process provenance).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Background; history; place of origin.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To establish the provenance of something
pos: verb
Related words: provene
provenantial
Derived words: country of provenance
geoprovenance
Translations:
er
Part of speech: intj
verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Mimetic (sound of hesitation).
Inflected forms:
form: ers
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: erring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: erred
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: erred
pos: verb
tags: past
form: ers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Said when hesitating in speech.
pos: intj
tags: informal
examples: “Er...Feathered Omen, hoot not,” he continued uneasily, “Son of Tanit, hoot not!”
As the years go by, speech reverts to childhood levels of disfluency, with more pauses, more errors, more repeated words, but even the peak years are not great: up to 8 percent of the average person’s word output consists of meaningless fillers and placeholders like um, uh and er.
If he—er—disappears—well, it seems to me that we'd both benefit.
Liquid Samurai: 'FORMLESS AND INFINITE ARE WE, THE LIQUID SAMURAI. I SERVE MY QUEEN, AS WE HAVE FOR COUNTLESS--' / Mona: 'HEY, I DON'T MEAN TO INTERRUPT, BUT YOU SEEM LIKE YOU'RE MADE OF POWERFUL STUFF. CAN I, ER, STUDY YOU?'
gloss: To utter the word er when hesitating in speech.
pos: verb
tags: informal
intransitive
transitive
examples: um and er
He ummed and erred his way through the presentation.
gloss: An occurrence of the interjection "er".
pos: noun
examples: Although Shakespeare refers to “hums and ha’s,” sifting through etiquette manuals and public-speaking guides turns up scant evidence of a prohibition against ums, ers and uhs, which are profuse in the first recording of Thomas Edison’s voice, in 1888. Mr. Erard, rather ingeniously, traces the prohibition on um and other speech flaws to the advent of radio in the early 1920s.
Translations:
ilk
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English ilke, from Old English ilca, conjectured as from Proto-Germanic *ilīkaz, a compound of *iz and *-līkaz from the noun *līką (“body”).
The sense of “type”, “kind” is from the application of the phrase of that ilk to families: the word thus came to mean family.
Inflected forms:
form: ilke
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: ilks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: ilke
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Very; same.
pos: adj
tags: Northern-England
Scotland
not-comparable
examples: By semblaunt, was that ilke image
gloss: A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.
pos: noun
examples: "Hinkydink” or “Bathhouse John,” or others of that ilk, were proprietors of the most notorious dives in Chicago[…]
The cow is of the bovine ilk;
One end is moo, the other, milk.
On the surface, the film is a globe-trotting gross-out caper in which Nobby, who's from a hellish version of the titular Lincolnshire town ("twinned with Chernobyl"), is reunited with his long-lost brother Sebastian (Mark Strong), who has become a spy for the British secret services. That makes him a servant of the powers-that-be that have no time for Nobby and his scrounging ilk.
Translations:
Moslem
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: Moslems
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: more Moslem
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most Moslem
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Dated spelling of Muslim.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
often
examples: [T]he Moslems footraced around the Kaba three times at top speed, to demonstrate to the observant Koreish that they were in excellent physical condition; […]
gloss: Dated spelling of Muslim.
pos: adj
tags: derogatory
often
examples: Eliza Wyatt's Mirror-Images attempts to explore the conflict between modern and traditional ways of life for residents of an unnamed Moslem country, with an emphasis on women.
Translations:
facet
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: anatomy
architecture
computing
engineering
mathematics
medicine
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti
Proto-Italic *θakjō
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Late Latin faciō
Proto-Italic *-jēs
Late Latin -iēs
Late Latin faciēs
Late Latin facia
Old French face
Middle French face
French face
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tosder.?
Late Latin -ittus
Old French -et
Middle French -et
French -etder.
French -ette
French facettebor.
English facet
Borrowed from French facette.
Inflected forms:
form: facets
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: facette
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: facets
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: faceting
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
present
form: facetting
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
present
form: faceted
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
past
form: faceted
pos: verb
tags: US
past
form: facetted
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
past
form: facetted
pos: verb
tags: UK
past
form: facette
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Any one of the flat surfaces cut into a gem.
pos: noun
examples: This facet of the diamond was masterfully cut to enhance its value.
gloss: One among many similar or related, yet still distinct things.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
examples: The child's learning disability was only one facet of the problems contributing to his delinquency.
gloss: One of a series of things, such as steps in a project.
pos: noun
examples: We had just about completed the research facet of the project when the order came to cancel it.
gloss: One member of a compound eye, as found in insects and crustaceans.
pos: noun
gloss: A smooth circumscribed surface.
pos: noun
examples: the articular facet of a bone
gloss: Any of the small joints at each segment of the spine that provide stability and help guide motion
pos: noun
gloss: The narrow plane surface between flutings of a column; a fillet.
pos: noun
gloss: A face of codimension 1 of a polytope.
pos: noun
gloss: A criterion that can be used to sort and filter, such as the colour or size of products in an online store.
pos: noun
gloss: To cut a facet into a gemstone.
pos: verb
Derived words: articular facet
facetal
facetectomy
faceter
facetlike
facet name
facet syndrome
geofacet
microfacet
multifacet
multifaceted
subfacet
Translations:
eyelash
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Topics: anatomy
dermatology
medicine
sciences
Etymology: From eye + lash.
Compound parts: eye
lash
Inflected forms:
form: eyelashes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: eye-lash
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: eye lash
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: One of the hairs which grows along the edge of eyelids.
pos: noun
Translations:
eyelid
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English eyelidd, eye-led, eiȝelid, eghe-lydd, yȝe-lydd, ehlid, yhelidd, from an unrecorded Old English *ēaghlid (“eyelid”), from Proto-West Germanic *augahlid (“eyelid”), equivalent to eye + lid. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Oogenlid (“eyelid”), West Frisian eachlid (“eyelid”), Dutch ooglid (“eyelid”), German Low German Ooglidd (“eyelid”), German Augenlid (“eyelid”).
Generally superseded non-native Middle English palpebre (“eyelid”), borrowed from Latin palpebra (“eyelid”) (see Modern English palpebra).
Compound parts: eye
lid
Inflected forms:
form: eyelids
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye.
pos: noun
examples: By his neeſings a light doth ſhine, and his eyes are like the eye-liddes of the morning.
[…] the frightened or insane eyes of an animal, sometimes with eyelids closed in escapeful slumber.
Allergan, the company that turned an obscure muscle paralyzer for eyelid spasms, Botox, into a blockbuster wrinkle smoother, hopes to perform cosmetic alchemy yet again.
Translations:
eyesore
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English eye sor, eie-sor, eyen soore, eæge-sare, equivalent to eye + sore.
Base: eye
Inflected forms:
form: eyesores
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: eye-sore
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An eye lesion.
pos: noun
gloss: A displeasing sight; something prominently ugly or unsightly.
pos: noun
examples: The building, towering over its surroundings with its square concrete frame and reflective walls of gold-tinted glass, was an eyesore visible throughout the city.
Two entrants shared this award for their work on two quite different stations, but with the same purpose of bringing a redundant station building back into use for the benefit of the community, with the added result of conserving an historic building. Saltash Town Council bought Saltash station building after it had become very decrepit and 'an eyesore' - such that it was nearly pulled down to make way for housing.
Related words: earsore
nosesore
Translations:
were
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-der.
Proto-Germanic *wēzīn
Proto-West Germanic *wāʀīn
Old English wǣre
Middle English were
English were
Inherited from Middle English were, weren, from Old English wǣre, wǣron, wǣren, from Proto-West Germanic *wāʀun, *wāʀīn, from Proto-Germanic *wēzun, *wēzīn, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-. More at was.
Inflected forms:
form: ware
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: weare
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: simple subjunctive of be
pos: verb
examples: I wish that it were Sunday.
I wish that I were with you.
Were it simply that she wore a hat, I would not be upset at all. (= If it were simply...)
Were father a king, we would have war. (= If father were a king,...)
A long shot, it may be, at immortality, but longer ones have hit; or Guido Fawkes, William Tell, and Samuel Pepys were forgotten now.
Maccabi would have been out of contention were it not for Stoke's profligacy, but their fortune eventually ran out as the visitors opened the scoring.
Synonyms: wast
wert
Related words: am
are
art
be
been
beest
being
is
was
wast
wert
Translations:
born
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English born, boren, borne, iborne, from Old English boren, ġeboren, from Proto-West Germanic *boran, *gaboran, from Proto-Germanic *buranaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to bear, carry”), equivalent to bear + -en. Cognate with Saterland Frisian gebooren (“born”), West Frisian berne (“born”), Dutch geboren (“born”), German geboren (“born”), Swedish boren (“born”).
Base: bear
Affixes: -en
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Having from birth (or as if from birth) a certain quality or character; innate; inherited.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: In the United States, information describing the operation of nuclear weapons is born secret.
a born leader
I'll make it out, deny it he that can, / His Worship is a True-born Engliſhman, / In all the Latitude that Empty Word / By Modern Acceptation's understood.
I ought really to have called him my sergeant. He's a born sergeant. That's as much as to say he's a born scoundrel.
“Your desert boots are fitted slip-fashion at the ankles. Who told you to do that?”
"It . . . seemed the right way."
"That it most certainly is."
And Kynes rubbed his cheek, thinking of the legend: "He shall know your ways as though born to them."
Translations:
borne
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English boren, iborne, from Old English boren, ġeboren, past participle of Old English beran (“to carry, bear”).
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: carried, supported.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: In the last rays of the setting sun, you could pick out far away down the reach his beard borne high up on the white structure, foaming up stream to anchor for the night.
When, bright with purple and with gold,
Come priest and holy Cardinal,
And borne above the heads of all
The gentle Shepherd of the Fold.
Irving is further required, as a matter of practice, to spell out what he contends are the specific defamatory meanings borne by those passages.
Translations: