epiphenomenon
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: human-sciences
medicine
pathology
philosophy
psychology
sciences
Etymology: PIE word
 *h₁epi
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.
Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi
Proto-Hellenic *epí
Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí)
Ancient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)der.
English epi-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-der.
Proto-Hellenic *pʰáňňō
Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō)
Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon)bor.
Late Latin phaenomenonder.
English phenomenon
English epiphenomenon
From epi- (prefix meaning ‘above, on, over; in addition to’) + phenomenon. Phenomenon is derived from Late Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing that appears in one’s view; appearance; phenomenon”), a noun use of the neuter singular form of φαινόμενος (phainómenos), the present middle or passive participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “to cause to appear; to reveal, show, uncover; to expound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to glow with light, to shine”).
Base: phenomenon
Affixes: epi-
Inflected forms:
form: epiphenomena
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: epiphenomenons
pos: noun
tags: nonstandard
plural
form: epiphaenomenon
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
form: epiphænomenon
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
Senses:
gloss: An activity, process, or state that is the result of another; a by-product, a consequence.
pos: noun
examples: Yet I would suggest that philosophical and even medical curiosity are only epiphenomenons of another condition that brought deafness to cultural attention.
[R]esource conservation is an epiphenomenon of warfare: a no-man's land between two warring tribes becomes a wildlife refuge because hunters do not visit the area for fear of becoming casualties in the war.
It is curious that the Russians, calling themselves Christians, and like so many othere nominal christians throughout history, took no notice whatsoeverof the key parable of Jesus Christ himself, which taught that you shall love your neighbor as yourself, and that even those you have despised and hated are your neighbors. This has never made any difference to Christians, since the primary epiphenomena of any religion's foundation are the production and flourishment of hypocrisy, megalomania and psychopathy, and the first casualties of a religion's establishment are the intentions of its founder.
Let's ask the question: Do epiphenomenons of emotions and feelings appear in these artificial brains? If so, where do they appear? It would be difficult to explain how such epiphenomenons might not appear in an artificial neural network, just as it does in a natural network.
gloss: A mental process or state that is an incidental by-product of physiological events in the brain or nervous system.
pos: noun
examples: It is a necessary corollary of the view here advanced that in instinct as such consciousness is a mere epiphenomenon—a by-product, with no bearing whatever on the performance of the activity in so far as it is instinctive.
According to this hypothesis, mind is a ‘collateral product’ of the physical, an ‘epiphænomenon’ accompanying, but never causally affecting, the physical series of phænomena.
From the monistic standpoint there is a choice between two possible alternatives; either consciousness is a form of energy, like heat, etc., or it is merely a so-called epiphenomenon. […] It is essential to have a clear notion of what is meant by an epiphenomenon. […] It designates an accompanying incident of a process which is assumed to have no causal relation to the further development of the process. […] For many years I have tried to recognize some actual idea underneath the epiphenomenon hypothesis of consciousness, but it more and more seems clear to me that there is no idea at all, and that the hypothesis is an empty phrase, a subterfuge, which really amounts only to this—we can explain consciousness very easily by merely assuming that it does not require to be explained at all.
gloss: A symptom that develops during the course of a disease that is not connected to the disease.
pos: noun
examples: EPIPHÆNOMENA, […] Signs in Diſeaſes which appear afterwards.
The appetite commonly remains little impaired, but it is conjoined with the fear of taking food. The tongue is generally clean, and the taste natural; a contrary state the author considers and denominates an epiphenomenon.
In all cases, the presence of bile in the blood is a mere epiphænomenon, and therefore demands no special attention.
In amenorrhœa, epistaxis is by no means unfrequent; and often relieves the anomalous symptoms, especially those referable to the encephalon, which are the results of the irregular hyperæmia thus induced. The same may be said of it as an epiphænomenon in febrile affections—inflammatory and adynamic,—of which conditions it is often an important symptom.
If a lady patient comes to your office and complains of severe backache, weight in the rectum, and a general bearing down, as she will call it, and has leucorrhœa with dysmenorrhœa, nervous disturbances, lame and difficult locomotion, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, pelvic neuralgia, epigastric depression, gastric derangement, uterine colic or tenesmus, sterility and many other symptoms that are epiphænomena of their own, do not, I beg of you, sit up very late, looking for the indicated remedy, for most likely you have a perfect case of retroversion, which is producing all of these annoying symptoms, by creating congestion of the uterine body, obstructing the cervical canal, and causing pressure on the rectum, congestion of the ovaries, and reflex nervous manifestations.
Derived words: epiphenomenal
epiphenomenalism
epiphenomenalist
epiphenomenalistic
epiphenomenalize
Translations: