orthogonal
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: computing
engineering
geometry
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
software
statistics
Etymology: From Middle French orthogonal, in turn from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis and Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀρθογώνιος (orthogṓnios, “rectangular”). By surface analysis, ortho- + -gon + -al.
Inflected forms:
form: orthogonals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: A chord and the radius that bisects it are orthogonal.
gloss: Of a pair of vectors: having a zero inner product; perpendicular.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: The normal vector and tangent vector at a given point are orthogonal.
gloss: Of a square matrix: such that its transpose is equal to its inverse.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of a linear transformation: preserving its angles.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of grid graphs, board games and polyominoes: vertical or horizontal but not diagonal.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Statistically independent, with reference to variates.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: The content of the message should be orthogonal to the means of its delivery.
An orthogonal approach also promotes reuse. If components have specific, well-defined responsibilities, they can be combined with new components in ways that were not envisioned by their original implementors.
gloss: Of two or more problems or subjects, independent of or irrelevant to each other.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Even in a geostate, some people are willing to fight and die for their views, but the institutional change to a polystate seems somewhat orthogonal to such issues.
gloss: An orthogonal line.
pos: noun
examples: All of the orthogonals in this painting display an understanding of linear perspective.
Related words: biorthogonal
orthogonal base
orthogonalization
orthogonal matrix
orthogonal transform
orthonormal
semiorthogonal
Derived words: bioorthogonal
nonorthogonal
orthogonal complement
orthogonal function
orthogonal group
orthogonality
orthogonalize
orthogonally
orthogonals
unorthogonal
Translations:
lang: Catalan
word: ortogonal
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 正交的
roman: zhèngjiāo de
lang: Czech
word: kolmý
lang: Dutch
word: orthogonaal
lang: Finnish
word: ortogonaalinen
lang: French
word: orthogonal
lang: Georgian
word: მართკუთხა
roman: martḳutxa
lang: German
word: senkrecht
lang: German
word: orthogonal
lang: Hungarian
word: ortogonális
lang: Irish
word: ortagánach
lang: Irish
word: ingearach
lang: Kazakh
word: ортогоналды
roman: ortogonaldy
lang: Kazakh
word: ортогоналдық
roman: ortogonaldyq
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: ortogonal
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: ortogonal
lang: Polish
word: prostopadły
lang: Polish
word: ortogonalny
lang: Russian
word: ортогона́льный
roman: ortogonálʹnyj
lang: Spanish
word: ortogonal
lang: Swedish
word: ortogonal