yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
varietal
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: beverages
biology
food
human-sciences
lifestyle
linguistics
natural-sciences
oenology
sciences
wine
Etymology: Etymology tree
English variety
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
▲
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
▲
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English varietal
From variety + -al.
Inflected forms:
form: varietals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Pertaining to a distinct variety of organism.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Made from a single specific variety (especially of grapes in wine).
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of or relating to a variety of a language.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: An assessment of a selection of regional, varietal, and slang dictionaries also found that little lexicographical effort has been extended to these terms.
gloss: A wine made primarily from or exclusively from a single variety of grape, which carries the name of that grape.
pos: noun
examples: The varietal Merlot has rich red color and a robust fruity taste. Cabernet Sauvignon is a varietal that descended from Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc.
“This debut rosé marks the beginning of As Ever’s thoughtful expansion into wine, with a Méthode Champenoise Napa Valley sparkling wine planned for the near future and additional varietals to follow,” it said.
gloss: A coffee made primarily from or exclusively from a single variety of coffee bean.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: моносорт
roman: monosort
gelding
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English geldyng (“eunuch”), from Old Norse geldingr (“wether, eunuch”), from gelda (“to castrate”). By surface analysis, geld (“to castrate”) + -ing (diminutive suffix).
Inflected forms:
form: geldings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A castrated male horse.
pos: noun
examples: Mr. Free also owned restaurants and bred horses. His bay gelding, Packett's Landing, won almost $800,000 in his five-year career in the late 1980's and early 1990's.
gloss: Any castrated male animal.
pos: noun
Translations:
gubbins
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Ante 1553. From gobbin (“piece, portion, slice”), from Middle English goboun, from Anglo-Norman gobon. Compare with English gobony (“line of alternating squares”).
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Fragments; parings; scraps (especially of fish).
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
plural
plural-only
examples: [H]ough you hungerſtarued gubbins or offales of men, how thriue you, howe periſh you, [...]
gloss: Assorted stuff, especially if of little value; tat.
pos: noun
tags: UK
informal
plural
plural-only
examples: I had to memorise so much dialogue that never makes it into the movie so I always have a plethora of extra gubbins I can't remember.
Translations:
fettle
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: ceramics
chemistry
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: From Late Middle English fetlen (“(verb) to bestow; to fix, prepare, put in place; to prepare (oneself) for battle, gird up; to shape; to be about to, or to ready (oneself) to stay; (adjective) shaped (well or poorly)”) [and other forms], which possibly:
* from Old English fetel (“belt, girdle, fettle”), from Proto-Germanic *fatilaz, further etymology unknown; or
* from Old English fetian (“to fetch”), from Proto-Germanic *fatōną, *fatjaną (“to fetch”), from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“foot”).
Compare Old English ġefetelsod (“provided with a belt; trimmed, polished, ornamented”).
Inflected forms:
form: fettles
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fettles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: fettling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: fettled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: fettled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A state of physical condition; kilter or trim.
pos: noun
examples: These strong 2-8-2s […] appeared in good fettle, especially those shedded at Lublin and several arrivals and departures were photographed in the fine evening light.
gloss: One's mental state; spirits.
pos: noun
gloss: Sand used to line a furnace.
pos: noun
gloss: A seam line left by the meeting of mould pieces.
pos: noun
gloss: The act of fettling.
pos: noun
tags: UK
dialectal
gloss: A person's mood or state, often assuming the worst.
pos: noun
tags: Cumbria
Geordie
examples: What’s yer fettle marra?
gloss: To sort out, to fix, to mend, to repair.
pos: verb
tags: Northern-England
especially
examples: He is getting his saddle altered: fettling about this and that; does not consider what danger he is in.
For some time after the train had gone Oscar stood on the track conversing with members of the fettling gang […]
gloss: To make preparations; to put things in order; to do trifling business.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Nor list he now go whistling to the car,
But sells his team , and fettleth to the war
gloss: To line the hearth of a furnace with sand prior to pouring molten metal.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To be upset or in a bad mood.
pos: verb
tags: Geordie
reflexive
examples: Divint fettle yersel ower that!
gloss: To remove (as by sanding) the seam lines left by the meeting of two molds.
pos: verb
gloss: To machine away seam lines or more generally to make small adjustments to a component or machine to improve its fit or operation.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He wants to fettle his gearchange mechanism before the next competition.
gloss: To prepare.
pos: verb
tags: archaic
transitive
examples: But fettle your fine joints 'gainst Thursday next...
Related words: fash
Derived words: in fine fettle
fettler
fettling
refettle
unfettled
Translations:
gangbang
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From gang + bang.
Compound parts: gang
bang
Inflected forms:
form: gangbangs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: gang bang
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: gang-bang
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: gangbangs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: gangbanging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: gangbanged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: gangbanged
pos: verb
tags: past
form: gang bang
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: gang-bang
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An act of two or more people having sex with one person who is the focus of the sexual activity.
pos: noun
tags: vulgar
examples: ‘Man, that sure was some bum evening at Mr Vial's,’ he said. ‘I pulled out fast when I saw how it was shaping. They was having an orgy when I left, but me, I don't care for these pig-parties or gang-bangs whatsoever.’
gloss: Synonym of gang rape.
pos: noun
tags: vulgar
examples: One night the mob turned up in force and wrecked the joint. Left the girls alone, but had themselves a gang-bang with Tiffany. She was only sixteen at the time.
gloss: An act of a street gang committing crimes as a group, such as attacking random people on the streets.
pos: noun
tags: US
slang
gloss: To participate in a gangbang.
pos: verb
examples: We all got to gangbang the porn star.
The motherfuckers who gangbanged me to death were so cheap they did not even perform the proper rituals for my body!
gloss: To belong to a gang; to commit criminal acts as part of a gang.
pos: verb
examples: It broke my heart to see him out there gangbanging.
Derived words: blowbang
gangbanger
reverse gangbang
Translations:
revoke
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French révoquer, from Latin revocare, from re- + voco, vocare. Doublet of revocate.
Inflected forms:
form: revokes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: revoking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: revoked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: revoked
pos: verb
tags: past
form: revokes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To cancel or invalidate by withdrawing or reversing.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Your driver's license will be revoked.
I hereby revoke all former wills.
1539, Myles Coverdale et al., (translators), Great Bible, London: Thomas Berthelet, 1540, deuterocanonical addition to the Book of Esther, heading to Chapter 16,
The Copye of the letters of Arthaxerses, wherby he reuoketh those which he fyrst sende forth.
[…] If, on the tenth day following,
Thy banish’d trunk be found in our dominions,
The moment is thy death. Away! By Jupiter,
This shall not be revok’d.
I formd them free, and free they must remain,
Till they enthrall themselves: I else must change
Thir nature, and revoke the high Decree
Unchangeable, Eternal, which ordain’d
Thir freedom,
gloss: To fail to follow suit in a game of cards when holding a card in that suit.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: They had just sat down at the bridge table, and Mrs Lackersteen had just revoked out of pure nervousness, when there was a heavy thump on the roof.
gloss: To call or bring back.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: So well he did his busie paines apply,
That the faint sprite he did reuoke againe,
To her fraile mansion of mortality.
gloss: To hold back.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: Yet she with pitthy words and counsell sad,
Still stroue their stubborne rages to reuoke,
gloss: To move (something) back or away.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: A flaming fire, ymixt with smouldry smoke,
And stinking Sulphure, that with griesly hate
And dreadfull horror did all entraunce choke,
Enforced them their forward footing to reuoke.
gloss: To call back to mind.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: late 1600s-early 1700s, Robert South, Sermon on Proverbs 18.14 in Sermons Preached on Several Occasions, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1823, p. 132,
A man, by revoking and recollecting within himself former passages, will be still apt to inculcate these sad memoirs to his conscience.
gloss: The act of revoking in a game of cards.
pos: noun
examples: Employ two revokes, two trumpings of your partner's best card and two ignorings of a call — all in the same hand!
gloss: A renege; a violation of important rules regarding the play of tricks in trick-taking card games serious enough to render the round invalid.
pos: noun
gloss: A violation ranked in seriousness somewhat below overt cheating, with the status of a more minor offense only because, when it happens, it is usually accidental.
pos: noun
Related words: revocation
Derived words: irrevocable
nonrevoked
nonrevoking
re-revoke
revocable
revokable
revokement
revoker
revokingly
unrevoked
Translations:
infrared
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: From infra- + red.
Base: red
Affixes: infra-
Inflected forms:
form: infrareds
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Collisions of these 'transparent' molecules with the molecules that do have absorption bands in the infrared can have a considerable influence on the intensities of the observed absorption bands.
gloss: A specific wavelength in this range.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: Sonne has shown that by means of the luminous rays the temperature in the tissue may be raised to a higher degree than by the use of the infrareds.
Exposure of spectral pieces at centimeters, millimeters, and infrareds, which provide a top steadiness of the dependence "MCW radiation vs. parameter Δt" and its interannual (seasonal) dynamics.
gloss: A device that emits infrared radiation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: In his room, he could install his infrareds without being discovered.
Beams are the active counterparts of passive infrareds (PIRs). Since these are active infrareds, they require two parts: a transmitter and a receiver.
Additionally, infrareds tend to cook food faster so there's less time to render said fat.
gloss: Having a wavelength in the infrared spectrum.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Relating to very low energies or very large distances or time spans.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
not-comparable
examples: Unless otherwise stated, we will be working in Euclidean space compactified to a sphere in order to avoid infrared problems.
Secondly, as stated already by Osborne & Provenzale, pure k^(-α)-behaviour is impossible since there would have to be infinite power at zero frequency (this would correspond to an infrared catastrophe).
Although infrared divergences are of long-distance nature, they often play an essential role in the verification of the validity of the perturbative treatment of short-distance phenomena.
Derived words: cosmic infrared background
infrared astronomy
infrared camera
infrared detector
infrared divergence
infrared film
infrared filter
infrared fixed point
infrared homing
infrared imagery
infrared lamp
infrared light
infrared microscope
infrared motion detector
infrared multiphoton dissociation
infrared photography
infrared pointer
infrared port
infrared radiation
infrared remote control
infrared repellor
infrared sauna
infrared spectroscopy
infrared thermography
infrared thermometer
infrared waves
mediumwave infrared
midinfrared
near infrared
noninfrared
Translations:
tetralogy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: From tetra- + -logy.
Base: tetra
Inflected forms:
form: tetralogies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games.
pos: noun
gloss: A set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games.
pos: noun
tags: historical
gloss: A combination of four symptoms.
pos: noun
gloss: Tetralogy of Fallot.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
Synonyms: quadrilogy
Related words: dilogy
pentalogy
hexalogy
heptalogy
octalogy
ennealogy
decalogy
polylogy (2+)
duology
Translations:
lang: Arabic
word: رُبَاعِيَّة
roman: rubāʕiyya
lang: Catalan
word: tetralogia
lang: Finnish
word: tetralogia
lang: French
word: tétralogie
lang: French
word: quadrilogie
lang: Galician
word: tetraloxía
lang: German
word: Tetralogie
lang: Greek
word: τετραλογία
roman: tetralogía
lang: Indonesian
word: tetralogi
lang: Malay
word: tetralogi
lang: Occitan
word: tetralogia
lang: Polish
word: tetralogia
lang: Polish
word: czteroksiąg
lang: Portuguese
word: tetralogia
lang: Russian
word: тетрало́гия
roman: tetralógija
lang: Spanish
word: tetralogía
lang: Swedish
word: tetralogi
scram
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Probably either:
* a clipping of scramble by apocope; or
* from dialectal German schramm, the imperative singular form of schrammen (“to scratch, scrape”), from Late Middle High German schramm, schramme (“a graze, scratch”); further etymology unknown.
Inflected forms:
form: scrams
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: scramming
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: scrammed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: scrammed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: scrams
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To leave in a hurry; to go away.
pos: verb
tags: imperative
intransitive
often
examples: What are you kids doing on my lawn? Scram!
Maybe when he found that Chet's jalopy was gone, he felt he'd better scram, and forgot the coat and hat.
The boy who was playing glowered at the intruder and growled. "Well, scram Kibitzer; scram."
"Come on!" barked Harry. "Scram!"
Jus' go on like we was gonna buck barley the rest of our lives, then all of a sudden some day we'll go get our pay an' scram outta here.
"You scram out of here!" she admonished me fiercely. "Get out, or I'll scream so loud I'll wake the whole house up! You—you Peeping Tom!"
One day he packs in here with a new convertible, tells me he's moving out and scrams. Never give me a dime.
George was going to Haiti and he knew Lee would feel that the one man who took an interest in him was scramming out the door.
[T]wo vampires had picked up the guy who needed a new face, and they scrammed.
gloss: A gun, firearm.
pos: noun
tags: Multicultural-London-English
slang
examples: Bad be say she don’t usually do this
In the trap with a stick, I do this
Get ’round there with a scram
I don’t give a damn
My manager says I'm stupid for still rollin' with a scram
I hate explainin' myself and I don't think he'll understand
Translations:
underwire
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér
Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí
Proto-Indo-European *-ér
Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér
Proto-Germanic *under
Proto-West Germanic *undar
Old English under-
Middle English under-
English under-
English wire
English underwire
From under- + wire.
Inflected forms:
form: underwires
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: underwires
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: underwiring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: underwired
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: underwired
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A semicircular wire placed in a bra to support the breasts.
pos: noun
gloss: A bra that includes such wires.
pos: noun
gloss: To fix such a wire in place.
pos: verb
Translations:
lang: Czech
word: kostice
lang: German
word: Bügel
lang: Italian
word: ferretto
lang: Swedish
word: bygel
lang: Turkish
word: balen
semicircle
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *sēmi
Latin sēmi-bor.
English semi-
Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.
Latin circus
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Indo-European *-elós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -ulus
Latin circulus
Old French cerclebor.
Middle English circle
English circle
English semicircle
From semi- + circle.
Inflected forms:
form: semicircles
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: semicircles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: semicircling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: semicircled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: semicircled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A half of a circle.
pos: noun
gloss: A surveyor's instrument for measuring angles; a graphometer.
pos: noun
gloss: An arc whose center is the penalty spot, extending from the top of the penalty area.
pos: noun
gloss: To travel or move around in a semicircle.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
Translations:
semicircular
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *sēmi
Latin sēmi-bor.
English semi-
English circular
English semicircular
From semi- + circular.
Inflected forms:
form: semi-circular
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: In the shape of half of a circle or a semicircle.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
cleanroom
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
software
Etymology: From clean + room.
Compound parts: clean
room
Inflected forms:
form: cleanrooms
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: clean room
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: clean-room
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: cleanrooms
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: cleanrooming
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: cleanroomed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: cleanroomed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: clean room
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: clean-room
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A room or environment that is controlled in such a way as to minimize airborne particulate matter, typically for the purpose of fabricating sensitive electronic or other devices.
pos: noun
gloss: The method of copying a design by reverse engineering and then recreating it without infringing any copyrights.
pos: noun
tags: attributive
gloss: Being or relating to a software development process intended to produce software with a certifiable level of reliability.
pos: noun
tags: attributive
gloss: To copy (a design) by reverse engineering and then recreating it without infringing any copyrights.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Based on OSF's Motif, this technology was “clean roomed” and is not in violation of any Apple copyright or patent […]
Translations:
airborne
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Attested since the 1640s; air + -borne
Base: air
Affixes: -borne
Inflected forms:
form: airbornes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: airborne
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: In or carried by the air.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Airborne pollen can aggravate allergies.
A farmer could place an order for a new tractor part by text message and pay for it by mobile money-transfer. A supplier many miles away would then take the part to the local matternet station for airborne dispatch via drone.
gloss: In flight.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: There goes the siren that warns of the air raid / Then comes the sound of the guns sending flak / Out for the scramble we've got to get airborne / Got to get up for the coming attack.
gloss: Fitted to an aircraft.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: airborne radar
gloss: Transported by air in an aircraft.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: airborne troops
gloss: Military infantry intended to be transported by air and delivered to the battlefield by parachute or helicopter.
pos: noun
Derived words: nonairborne
Translations:
particulate
Part of speech: adj
noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From New Latin particulātus (“divided into small parts”) (also particulāta (“small parts”), from its neuter plural), from Classical Latin particula (“particle”), from pars (“part, piece”) + -cula (diminutive suffix), + -ātus (-ate). The verb is probably independently from the adjective rather than from Etymology 2.
Affixes: -ate
Inflected forms:
form: more particulate
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most particulate
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: particulates
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: particulates
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: particulating
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: particulated
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: particulated
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Composed of separate particles.
pos: adj
examples: particulate air pollution
particulate matter
gloss: Pertaining to heritable characteristics which are attributable discretely to either one or another of an offspring's parents, rather than a blend of the two.
pos: adj
examples: The rudiments of particulate inheritance were dimly understood already by the breeders of cattle and apples, but nobody was being systematic.
gloss: Any solid or liquid in a subdivided state, especially one that exhibits special characteristics which are negligible in the bulk material.
pos: noun
tags: in-plural
examples: Particulates in engine oil can abrade moving parts.
gloss: To reduce to particles, make particulate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Only after the explosion has particulated the poison and given it every opportunity to vaporize can any appreciable concentration of gas be present in the air.
The study proved that Sialon particulated smaller than 0.5 micron could be sintered without using any auxiliary additives.
The fascia is then particulated, rechecked for sterility, and loaded into syringes that are vacuum-packaged.
Derived words: diesel particulate filter
interparticulate
intraparticulate
macroparticulate
microparticulate
multiparticulate
nanoparticulate
nanoparticulated
nanoparticulation
nonparticulate
particulate inheritance
particulate matter
quasiparticulate
subparticulate
thermoparticulate
Translations:
see-through
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
English see throughdeverb.
English see-through
Deverbal from see through.
Inflected forms:
form: more see-through
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most see-through
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: seethrough
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: see-thru
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Transparent or translucent; that can be seen through.
pos: adj
examples: If you are planning to wear a see-through dress, wear something underneath.
I love white, off-white and cream pants for women (and men for that matter), but unless they are jeans, they are often see-through, with the pockets and seams visible through the fabric.
Antonyms: opaque
solid
Translations:
vigilant
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
Etymology: From French vigilant or its source, Latin vigilans, present participle of vigilare (“stay awake”), from vigil (“awake”). Doublet of vigilante, from Spanish. Displaced Old English wacor.
Inflected forms:
form: more vigilant
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most vigilant
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Watchful, especially for danger or disorder; alert; wary
pos: adj
examples: Be vigilant for signs of disease in your garden.
gloss: In vigilance.
pos: adj
tags: rare
examples: von der LUTKE / Argent, a crane vigilant proper. AG. Carl von der Lutke. Arr. 1857 with the British German Crimea legion. Obtained a grant of land in the Eastern Province of the Cape Colony.
[...] and sharing the same heraldry : argent, a crane, vigilant, or,[…]
Synonyms: heedful
hip
on guard
on the lookout
on the watch
on watch
vigilant
wakeful
woke
Antonyms: complacent
heedless
oblivious
unalert
unaware
unprepared
unwary
unwitting
Related words: vigil
vigilance
vigilante
pay attention
Derived words: pharmacovigilant
vigilantly
Translations:
bureaucracy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: business
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥
Proto-Hellenic *pāwər
Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr)
Proto-Indo-European *-rós
Proto-Hellenic *-rós
Ancient Greek -ρός (-rós)
Ancient Greek πῠρρός (pŭrrhós)bor.
Latin burrus
Latin burra
Old French *bure
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Indo-European *-elós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -lus
Latin -ellus
Old French -el
Old French burel
French bureau
Proto-Indo-European *kret-
Ancient Greek κρᾰ́τος (krắtos)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek -κρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (-krătĭ́ā)lbor.
French -cratie
French bureaucratie
English bureaucracy
From bureau + -cracy, from French bureaucratie, coined by Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay from bureau (“office”) + -cratie (“rule of”).
Base: bureau
Affixes: -cracy
Inflected forms:
form: bureaucracies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: bureaucratie
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bureau-ocracy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
dated
form: burocracy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
US
Senses:
gloss: Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.
gloss: A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.
Each of the most provocative selections is facing criticism that they lack the expertise and experience to run the vast, specialized bureaucracies that would be under their control.
gloss: The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)
gloss: Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour.
pos: noun
tags: countable
derogatory
uncountable
examples: The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.
"If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.
“If you have rule of the bureaucrat — if the bureaucracy is in charge, then what meaning does democracy actually have?” Musk said during his 30-minute appearance with Trump, where he rebuffed critics who said he’s the one undermining democratic institutions.
Related words: adhocracy
Derived words: antibureaucracy
bureaucrat
bureaucratese
bureaucratic
bureaucratically
bureaucratize
bureaucrazy
bureaupathology
Eurocracy
technobureaucracy
Translations:
effectively
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs
Proto-Italic *eks
Latin ex
Latin ef-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti
Proto-Italic *θakjō
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Latin faciō
Latin efficiō
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.
Latin -īvus
Latin effectivusbor.
French effectifder.
English effective
Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der.
Proto-Germanic *līkąder.
Proto-Germanic *-līkaz
Proto-Germanic *-ê
Proto-Germanic *-līkê
Proto-West Germanic *-līkē
Old English -līċe
Middle English -ly
English -ly
English effectively
From effective + -ly.
Inflected forms:
form: more effectively
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most effectively
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: In an efficient or effective manner; with powerful effect.
pos: adv
examples: The nightclubs generally provide liquor (at a price), pretty girls who are clad diaphanously but extremely effectively, a tiny space in which to dance [...] and food[.]
A state ideology, mixing nationalism, and basic Marxist economics, going under the name "Juche", was constructed, and Kim Il-sung effectively silenced, disposed of and cleared away any opposition, isolating the country and exercising an iron grip on the military, the state media and the government and party organs.
gloss: Essentially, in effect, for all practical purposes.
pos: adv
examples: On paper, the answer seems to be yes, but, effectively, the answer is no.
A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.
Related words: cost-effectively
Derived words: isoeffectively
Translations:
presidential
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: Catholicism
Christianity
Roman-Catholicism
Etymology: Etymology tree
English president
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisder.
Old French -ialder.
Middle English -ial
English -ial
English presidential
From president + -ial.
Inflected forms:
form: more presidential
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most presidential
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: Presidential
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Pertaining to a president or presidency.
pos: adj
examples: Take the New Right's full-throated embrace of protectionism and industrial policy. This romance with protectionism started in the 1990s with former GOP presidential candidate Pat Buchanan, gained enormous traction under former President Donald Trump, and is still going strong today.
gloss: Presiding or watching over.
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
gloss: With the bearing or composure that befits a president; stately, dignified.
pos: adj
examples: I feel my age and supposed status mean I am permanently required to be in presidential mode. And I mean this in the old sense of “presidential”, meaning magnanimous, patient and generous, rather than in the modern sense of presidential, meaning being a corrupt, pussy-grabbing racist.
gloss: (of prayers) addressed to God on behalf of the congregation by the presiding priest
pos: adj
examples: These prayers are addressed to God in the name of the entire holy people and all present, by the priest who presides over the assembly in the person of Christ. It is with good reason, therefore, that they are called the "presidential prayers."
Derived words: nonpresidential
postpresidential
prepresidential
presidentiable
presidentialism
presidentialist
presidentiality
presidential letter
presidentially
presidential memorandum
presidentialness
presidential palace
presidential republic
prexie
semipresidential
semi-presidential
superpresidential
unpresidential
vice presidential
Translations:
undershot
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
Inflected forms:
form: undershots
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Powered by water flowing from below. (of a water wheel)
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Having the lower incisor teeth projecting beyond the upper ones, as in the bulldog.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: His blunt undershot mouth curved in a smile that was somewhat ingratiating.
gloss: An undershot water wheel.
pos: noun
Translations:
waterspout
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From water + spout.
Compound parts: water
spout
Inflected forms:
form: waterspouts
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A whirlwind that forms over water, not associated with a mesocyclone of a thunderstorm (contrary to a true tornado).
pos: noun
gloss: A true tornado that passes over a body of water.
pos: noun
gloss: A plume of water rising from the surface of a body of water as the result of an explosion or impact.
pos: noun
examples: Basically, the problem was actually the British had too many ships! The Grand Fleet wasn't half bad with its gunnery, but there was so many battleships throwing fire at the battlecruisers and battleships of the High Seas Fleet that it was actually very difficult to tell "Is that splash from us? Is that splash from that ship? Is that splash from a ship in another division? We don't know!", so a lot of incorrect estimates and measures were taken, which lead to an awful lot of waterspouts going up, but not anywhere near the number of hits that you would otherwise expect[…]
gloss: A channel through which water is discharged, especially from the gutters of a roof; downspout; drainpipe.
pos: noun
Related words: landspout
fire whirl
gargoyle
Derived words: tornadic waterspout
Translations:
purify
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English purifien, purifyen, from Old French purifier, purifiier, from Latin pūrificō, pūrificāre, from pūrus (“pure; clean”).
Inflected forms:
form: purifies
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: purifying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: purified
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: purified
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To cleanse, or rid of impurities.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The modern arts deviate from the standards set forth by the divine—art should be used to purify one’s heart and improve one’s morality.
gloss: To free from guilt or sin.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To become pure.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Synonyms: lustrate
luster
Antonyms: defile
Related words: puritan
Derived words: copurify
immunopurify
purifiable
purifyingly
repurify
unpurifying
Translations:
cleanse
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English clensen, from Old English clǣnsian, from Proto-West Germanic *klainisōn, from Proto-West Germanic *klainī (“clean”). Cognate with West Frisian klinzgje (“to clean, cleanse”), archaic Dutch kleinzen (“to clean, purify”), Middle Low German klênsen, kleinsen, clensen (“to purify”).
Inflected forms:
form: cleanses
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: cleansing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: cleansed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: cleansed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: cleanses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To free from dirt; to clean, to purify.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
gloss: To spiritually purify; to free from guilt or sin; to purge.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: [T]he famous Ganges: whoſe vnknowne head, pleaſant ſtreames, and long extent, haue amongſt thoſe Heathen Inhabitants, (by the Tradition of their Forefathers) gained a beliefe of clenſing all ſuch ſinnes, as the bodies of thoſe that waſh therein brought with them: [...]
gloss: To remove (something seen as unpleasant) from a person, place, or thing.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: An act of cleansing; a purification.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: I regularly visit the spa for a massage and a facial cleanse.
Derived words: cleansable
cleanser
decleanse
ethnically cleanse
recleanse
uncleanse
Translations:
lang: Breton
word: glanaat
lang: Bulgarian
word: изчиствам
roman: izčistvam
lang: Bulgarian
word: почиствам
roman: počistvam
lang: Catalan
word: netejar
lang: Chinese
word: 清洗
roman: qīngxǐ
lang: Czech
word: očistit se
lang: Czech
word: očistit
lang: Czech
word: pročistit
lang: Dutch
word: reinigen
lang: Dutch
word: schoonmaken
lang: Finnish
word: puhdistaa
lang: German
word: reinigen
lang: German
word: säubern
lang: Gothic
word: 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽
roman: hrainjan
lang: Ancient Greek
word: καθαρίζω
roman: katharízō
lang: Ancient Greek
word: καθαίρω
roman: kathaírō
lang: Ancient Greek
word: ἁγνίζω
roman: hagnízō
lang: Hebrew
word: איבק
roman: ibék
lang: Italian
word: ripulire
lang: Italian
word: pulire
lang: Italian
word: purificare
lang: Italian
word: detergere
lang: Japanese
word: 浄化する
roman: Jōka suru
lang: Japanese
word: 清める
roman: Kiyomeru
lang: Korean
word: 씻다
roman: ssitda
lang: Latin
word: abluō
lang: Latin
word: mundo
lang: Latin
word: luo
lang: Old English
word: clǣnsian
lang: Old English
word: fǣlsian
lang: Polish
word: oczyścić
lang: Portuguese
word: limpar
lang: Russian
word: очищать
roman: očiščatʹ
lang: Sanskrit
word: क्षिपति
roman: kṣipati
lang: Sanskrit
word: पवयति
roman: pavayati
lang: Spanish
word: acendrar
lang: Spanish
word: cendrar
lang: Spanish
word: aquilatar
lang: Spanish
word: acrisolar
lang: Thai
word: ชำระ
roman: cham-rá
lang: Thai
word: ล้าง
roman: láang
lang: Turkish
word: temizlemek
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: طهارتلنمك
roman: tahâretlenmek
watersport
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From water + sport.
Compound parts: water
sport
Inflected forms:
form: watersports
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: water sport
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Any sport played on or in water; such as swimming or water skiing.
pos: noun
gloss: Synonym of watersports (“sexual practice involving urine”).
pos: noun
tags: attributive
rare
Translations:
watery
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English watery, wattry, from Old English wæteriġ (“watery”), from Proto-West Germanic *watarīg. Equivalent to water + -y.
Base: water
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: waterier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: wateriest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: watry
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Resembling or characteristic of water.
pos: adj
examples: The prop also gave a good watery sound to those early radio rainstorms.
gloss: Wet, soggy or soaked with water.
pos: adj
examples: European adventurers found themselves within a watery world, a tapestry of streams, channels, wetlands, lakes and lush riparian meadows enriched by floodwaters from the Mississippi River.
gloss: Diluted or having too much water.
pos: adj
examples: watery coffee
gloss: Thin and pale therefore suggestive of water.
pos: adj
gloss: Weak and insipid.
pos: adj
examples: Genuine music is the offspring of profound emotion: of exaltation, pain, or joy. Music produced outside of a situation between these poles of the human heart is of banal character, bloodless, watery.
When the album succeeds, such as on the swaggering, Queen-esque “Nothing’s Gonna Stop Us,” it does so on The Darkness’ own terms—that is, as a random ’80s-cliché generator. But with so many tired, lazy callbacks to its own threadbare catalog (including “Love Is Not The Answer,” a watery echo of the epic “I Believe In A Thing Called Love” from 2003’s Permission To Land), Hot Cakes marks the point where The Darkness has stopped cannibalizing the golden age of stadium rock and simply started cannibalizing itself. And, despite Hawkins’ inveterate crotch-grabbing, there was never that much meat there to begin with.
gloss: Discharging water or similar substance as a result of disease etc.
pos: adj
examples: I took my cat to the vet because I was worried about his watery eyes.
gloss: Tearful.
pos: adj
gloss: Containing many bodies of water.
pos: adj
examples: The good stuff in High Tide is the visual loveliness, maybe too lovely for the supposedly depressed seaport of Eden, the film's southern Australia locale. High Tide is laden with luscious pastels, watery vistas and quirky, weather-beaten clam joints.
Related words: milk-and-watery
Derived words: unwatery
wateriness
watery hide disease
Translations:
wattage
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English watt
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos
Proto-Italic *-ātos
Latin -ātus
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icus
Latin -āticus
Latin -āticum
Old French -agebor.
Middle English -age
English -age
English wattage
From watt + -age.
Inflected forms:
form: wattages
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An amount or power (especially electric), expressed in watts, kilowatts etc.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The power requirement of some electric appliance.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A person's energy or abilities.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
informal
uncountable
examples: [Prince] Andrew, unfortunately, exhibited classic symptoms of what is scientifically recognised as the Dunning-Kruger effect, the cognitive bias in which people come to believe that they are smarter and more capable than they really are. The combination of minimal self-awareness and dim wattage leads sufferers of this condition to overestimate their own capabilities.
Amid the surprise there is obvious, if unspoken, glee at the prospect of taking on one of three such politically low-wattage candidates, two of whom have no direct experience of frontline politics.
This clear-eyed look back at a highly confused time is captivating because [Robbie] Williams, all nods, winks and twitches, is a ferociously skilled entertainer. Closeup, his star wattage is blinding.
Related words: amperage
voltage
Translations:
waveband
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: From wave + band.
Compound parts: wave
band
Inflected forms:
form: wavebands
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A range of electromagnetic wavelengths or frequencies; for example shortwave or mediumwave radio.
pos: noun
examples: Since stomiids are sensitive to the far-red bioluminescence produced by their suborbital photophores, which other animals in the deepsea cannot sea, they have what could be regarded as a private waveband.
Translations:
waxwing
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From wax + wing; so called from the wax-like tips to the secondary wing feathers.
Compound parts: wax
wing
Inflected forms:
form: waxwings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any of several songbirds of the genus Bombycilla, having crested heads, and red tips to the wings.
pos: noun
examples: I was the shadow of the waxwing slain
By the false azure in the windowpane;
I was the smudge of ashen fluff—and I
Lived on, flew on, in the reflected sky.
Translations:
Hindu
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
military
politics
war
Etymology: Derived from Classical Persian هِنْدُو (hindū, “Indian, Hindu”), from Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”), from hnd (Hind, “India”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).
Inflected forms:
form: Hindoo
pos: adj
tags: alternative
archaic
form: Hindus
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: Hindoo
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
Senses:
gloss: Of, or relating to Hinduism, or to Hindus and their culture.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Hindu American organizations, including the Hindu American Foundation and the Coalition of Hindus in North America, advocated for the law.
gloss: A person adhering to the Hindu religion (Hinduism).
pos: noun
examples: Hindu American organizations, including the Hindu American Foundation and the Coalition of Hindus in North America, advocated for the law.
gloss: Any native inhabitant of Hindustan.
pos: noun
tags: dated
gloss: A bunnia (merchant or trader) with a company of soldiers.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: A person of Indian religion and race.
pos: noun
tags: dated
Translations:
sculpture
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
Etymology: From Middle English sculpture, from Old French sculpture, from Latin sculptūra (“sculpture”), from sculpō (“to cut out, to carve in stone”).
Inflected forms:
form: sculptures
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: sculptures
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: sculpturing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: sculptured
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: sculptured
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A three-dimensional work of art created by shaping malleable objects and letting them harden or by chipping away pieces from a rock (sculpting).
pos: noun
tags: countable
usually
examples: There, too, in living sculpture, might be seen / The mad affection of the Cretan queen.
gloss: More generally (since modernism), a three-dimensional work of art of any material or of mixed materials, whether sculpted, assembled, found, constructed or created using multiple techniques.
pos: noun
tags: countable
usually
gloss: Works of art created by sculpting, as a group.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
gloss: The three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface of a shell.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
gloss: A printed picture, such as an engraving.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
uncountable
usually
examples: Whereas upon the humble Requeſt of Our Truſty and Wel-beloved Servant, JOHN OGILBY, Eſquire, We were Graciouſly pleaſed by Our Warrant of the 25. of May, in the ſeventeenth Year of Our Reign, to grant him the ſole Privilege and Immunity of Printing in fair Volumes, Adorned with Sculptures, Virgil Tranſlated, Homer's Iliads, Æſop Paraphraſed, and Our Entertainment in Paſſing through Our City of London, and Coronation, together with Homer's Odyſſes, and his fore-mentioned Æſop with his Additions and Annotations in Folio, with a Prohibition, that none ſhould Print or Re-print the ſame in any Volumes, without the Conſent and Approbation of him, the ſaid John Ogilby, his Heirs, Executors, or Aſſigns, within the term of Fifteen Years next enſuing the Date of Our ſaid Warrant;[…]
Both are Tranſlated into Engliſh, Illuſtrated with Sculptures, and Printed about two Years ago.
gloss: To fashion something into a three-dimensional figure.
pos: verb
gloss: To represent something in sculpture.
pos: verb
gloss: To change the shape of a land feature by erosion etc.
pos: verb
Related words: sculpt
sculptor
sculptureless
sculpturelike
Derived words: anonymous sculpture
involuntary sculpture
kinetic sculpture
liposculpture
living sculpture
macrosculpture
microsculpture
morphosculpture
photosculpture
resculpture
sculpturable
sculptural
sculpturer
sculpturesque
sculpturist
soft sculpture
ultrasculpture
Translations: