yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
contestation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English contest
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin -ātiōlbor.
Old French -ationbor.
Middle English -acioun
English -ation
English contestation
From contest + -ation.
Inflected forms:
form: contestations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of contesting; emulation
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The act of challenging or disputing a claim or idea.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Contempt and loathing for body and nature are central to the operations of white male grievance, and any contestation of these politics will require us to challenge the somatophobia and ecophobia with which they are bound up.
gloss: Proof by witness; attestation; testimony.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
contingent
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: government
military
politics
war
Etymology: From Middle English, from Old French contingent (whence con- and -ent), from Medieval Latin contingens (“possible, contingent”), present participle of contingere (“to touch, meet, attain to, happen”), from com- (“together”) + tangere (“to touch”).
Base: con-
Affixes: -
Inflected forms:
form: contingents
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: more contingent
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most contingent
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something in the future.
pos: noun
gloss: That which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number; a suitable share.
pos: noun
gloss: A quota of troops.
pos: noun
examples: Arrests and prosecutions intensified after Isis captured Mosul in June, but the groundwork had been laid by an earlier amendment to Jordan’s anti-terrorism law. It is estimated that 2,000 Jordanians have fought and 250 of them have died in Syria – making them the third largest Arab contingent in Isis after Saudi Arabians and Tunisians.
gloss: Possible or liable, but not certain, to occur.
pos: adj
gloss: Dependent on something that is undetermined or unknown, that may or may not occur.
pos: adj
examples: The success of his undertaking is contingent upon events which he cannot control.
a contingent estate
The imposition of the death penalty should not be contingent on a particular jury's unguided understanding of a legal term of art.
This rather narrow theological dispute eventually helped eradicate from Western philosophy the idea of universals—the notion that concepts in the mind correspond to eternal truths, like the Platonic forms—and succeeded in making the world, as Blumenberg puts it, “radically contingent.”
Both Catalan parties have said their support for getting the PSOE back into office will be contingent on an amnesty for the hundreds of people who participated in the failed push to secede from Spain in October 2017.
gloss: Not logically necessarily true or false.
pos: adj
gloss: Temporary.
pos: adj
examples: contingent labor
contingent worker
Antonyms: noncontingent
Related words: contingent charge
contingent claim
contingent remainder
contingent symbiosis
contingent valuation
Derived words: contact
contingence
contingency
contingentism
contingently
contingentness
Translations:
continuation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: ball-games
basketball
computing
engineering
games
hobbies
lifestyle
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
sports
Etymology: From Middle English continuacion, from Old French continuation, from Latin continuātiō. Morphologically continue + -ation.
Base: continue
Affixes: -ation
Inflected forms:
form: continuations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act or state of continuing or being continued; uninterrupted extension or succession
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: There is no reason for the continuation of this discrepancy in maximum penalties since the relevant factor here is assault, not the sex of the person assaulted.
gloss: That which extends, increases, supplements, or carries on.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the continuation of a story
The series' continuation was commercially if not artistically successful.
gloss: A representation of an execution state of a program at a certain point in time, which may be used at a later time to resume the execution of the program from that point.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: Whenever a Scheme expression is evaluated a continuation exists that wants the result of the expression.
gloss: A successful shot that, despite a foul, is made with a single continuous motion beginning before the foul, and that is therefore valid in certain forms of basketball.
pos: noun
tags: countable
Derived words: analytic continuation
call-with-current-continuation
continuable
continuational
continuation bet
continuation day
continuationism
continuation line
continuation-passing style
continuation school
continuative
noncontinuation
recontinuation
Translations:
contradistinction
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Italic *-teros
Proto-Italic *komterosder.
Proto-Italic *komterād
Latin contrābor.
English contra-
English distinction
English contradistinction
From contra- + distinction.
Inflected forms:
form: contradistinctions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Distinction by contrast; the provision of one example against which another example may be defined.
pos: noun
examples: We used hamburgers and soda in contradistinction to healthy food.
The doctrine that everything is God, in contradistinction to the doctrine that God is everything.
Captain John Smith gives the name Reef Knot in 1627. Dana gives the name Square Knot in 1841. Few sailors speak of Square Knot except in contradistinction to Granny Knot but it is the common shore name for the knot and is in good repute among sailors.
It will be noted that on this service, in contradistinction to that from and to Bristol, extra trains are provided to cope with peak-hour conditions; [...].
As a shorthand, we could also call it global trade, in contradistinction from local trade, the latter being within the nation state, or at short distance.
gloss: The quality of being contradistinctive.
pos: noun
Related words: contradistinguish
Derived words: contradistinctive
contradistinctively
Translations:
contraindication
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Italic *-teros
Proto-Italic *komterosder.
Proto-Italic *komterād
Latin contrābor.
English contra-
English indication
English contraindication
From contra- + indication.
Inflected forms:
form: contraindications
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A factor or symptom which makes a certain treatment inadvisable, generally or individually.
pos: noun
Translations:
contrition
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Old French contriciun (French contrition), from Latin contrītiō.
Inflected forms:
form: contritions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being contrite; sincere penitence or remorse.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Jonathan's mother told Grace on a recent phone call that Jonathan showed no sign of remorse or contrition for his own sister's passing.
President Trump on Tuesday showed no contrition or regret for instigating the mob that stormed the Capitol and threatened the lives of members of Congress and his vice president, saying that his remarks to a rally beforehand were “totally appropriate” and that the effort by Congress to impeach and convict him was “causing tremendous anger.”
Kremlin officials have shown no signs of contrition.
gloss: The act of grinding or rubbing to powder.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
Translations:
crabby
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English crab
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English crabby
From crab + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: crabbier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: crabbiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Relating to or resembling crabs; crablike.
pos: adj
gloss: Abounding with crabs.
pos: adj
examples: As for animal life, this is the "Crabbiest Place in the World," where 20 land and intertidal crabs range from tiny beach dwellers to the chunky robber crabs that crack coconuts with their massive claws.
gloss: Visibly irritated or annoyed; grouchy, irritable, in a foul mood; given to complaining or finding fault in an annoyed way.
pos: adj
examples: "You're not crabby, are you?" "No, no, not at all. I think I'll go."
gloss: Crabbed; difficult or perplexing.
pos: adj
Synonyms: ratty
Related words: crab
crabbed
crablike
Derived words: crabbily
crabbiness
Translations:
crafty
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English crafty, crefty, craftiȝ, from Old English cræftiġ (“ingenious; skilful; crafty; cunning; virtuous; powerful”), from Proto-West Germanic *kraftag, *kraftīg, *kraftug, from Proto-Germanic *kraftugaz (“powerful”), equivalent to craft + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian kräftich, krääftig, West Frisian krêftich, Dutch krachtig, German Low German krachtig, German kräftig.
Base: craft
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: craftier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: craftiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Skillful at deceiving others.
pos: adj
examples: For thy mouth uttereth thine iniquity, and thou choosest the tongue of the crafty.
Glaucon will play devil's advocate (358c-d, thereby showing himself craftier than Thrasymachus, who is so unsly as to declare himself a wolf, openly, before the sheep; […])
Together, with the help of the drunkard Haymitch (Woody Harrelson), the only District 12 citizen ever to win the Games, they challenge tributes that range from sadistic volunteers to crafty kids like the pint-sized Rue (Amandla Stenberg) to the truly helpless and soon-to-be-dead.
Los Angeles would still be a piddling little town in a desert if it weren’t for Sierra snowmelt and city officials crafty enough to snooker eastern California farmers out of their water rights.
gloss: Sneaky; surreptitious.
pos: adj
examples: I took a crafty look at his hand of cards while he was out of the room.
gloss: Relating to, or characterized by, craft or skill; dexterous.
pos: adj
gloss: Possessing dexterity; skilled; skillful.
pos: adj
examples: Make magazine, which celebrates “your right to tweak, hack and bend any technology to your own will,” has joined with the New York Hall of Science to gather more than 500 of the craftiest inventors, artists, technology enthusiasts, tinkerers and hobbyists to share their expertise.
Can you envision a future Christmas where you print all your gifts instead of shop for them? It could soon be reality in even the most tech-averse household, and it might just end up saving the craftier among us lots of time and money. Why buy a $50 vase when you can print one for $2?
gloss: Magical or occult, or allegedly so.
pos: adj
tags: dated
examples: a crafty science
Derived words: craftily
craftiness
outcrafty
uncrafty
Translations:
cranky
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From crank + -y. Compare Middle Low German krankich (“sickly, unwell”).
Base: crank
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: crankier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: crankiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Not in good working condition; defective, faulty.
pos: adj
tags: usually
examples: We had seven canoes, all of them dugouts. One was small, one was cranky, and two were old, waterlogged, and leaky. The other three were good.
Margaret Cerullo gave a rousing speech, despite the pesky interruptions of a cranky sound system.
gloss: Grouchy, grumpy, irritable; easily upset.
pos: adj
examples: He got home from a long day at work tired and cranky.
gloss: Not in perfect mental working order; eccentric, peculiar.
pos: adj
examples: Uncle Esau is as cranky as hell, and a peculiar old duck, but I think he'll like a fine upstanding young man as big as you be.
gloss: Synonym of crank (“of a ship: liable to capsize because of poorly stowed cargo or insufficient ballast”).
pos: adj
examples: a cranky vessel
gloss: Full of spirit; spirited.
pos: adj
tags: archaic
gloss: Weak, unwell.
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
Derived words: crankily
crankiness
Translations:
cranny
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English crany, crani (“cranny”), apparently a diminutive of *cran (+ -y), from Old French cran, cren (“notch, fissure”), a derivative of crener (“to notch, split”), from Medieval Latin crenō (“split”, verb), from Vulgar Latin *crinō (“split, break”, verb), of obscure origin.
Despite a spurious use in Pliny, connection to Latin crēna is doubtful. Instead, probably of Germanic or Celtic origin. Compare Old High German chrinna (“notch, groove, crevice”), Alemannic German Krinne (“small crack, channel, groove”), Low German karn (“notch, groove, crevice, cranny”), Old Irish ara-chrinin (“to perish, decay”).
Inflected forms:
form: crannies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: crannies
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: crannying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: crannied
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: crannied
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice, or chink, as in a wall, or other substance.
pos: noun
examples: Down thro the Cranies of the living Walls / The Crystal Streams descend in murm'ring Falls
[H]e peep'd into every Cranny; ſometimes he admir'd the Beauty of the Architecture, and the vaſt Solidity of the Maſon's VVork; at other Times he commended the Symmetry and Proportion of the Rooms.
What a pity they didn’t stop up the chinks and the crannies though, and thrust in a little lint here and there.
gloss: A tool for forming the necks of bottles, etc.
pos: noun
gloss: To break into, or become full of, crannies.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: The ground did cranie everie where and light did pierce to hell.
gloss: To haunt or enter by crannies.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: All tenantless, save to the crannying wind.
Related words: any nook or cranny
every nook and cranny
nook and cranny
nook or cranny
Translations:
crape
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Alteration of French crepe, from Middle French crespe (“curly”), from Latin crispus. Doublet of crisp and crepe.
Inflected forms:
form: crapes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: craping
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: craped
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: craped
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To form into ringlets; to curl or crimp.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: a machine for craping silk
July 24, 1786, Frances Burney (aka Madame d'Arblay), diary
the hour for curling and craping the hair
gloss: To clothe in crape.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Translations:
crapy
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English crape
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English crapy
From crape + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: crapier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: crapiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Resembling crape.
pos: adj
Translations:
crass
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English cras, craas, from Old French cras, from Latin crassus (“dense, thick, gross, fat, heavy”). Doublet of grease.
Inflected forms:
form: crasser
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: crassest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Coarse; crude; unrefined or insensitive; lacking discrimination or taste.
pos: adj
examples: You guys would rather be with someone else who’s equal to your status in life. Tiger Woods, or somebody. I comes across as crass, a Neanderthal, a babbling idiot sometimes. I like to show you that person. I like that person.
gloss: Materialistic.
pos: adj
gloss: Physically dense or thick.
pos: adj
gloss: Lacking finesse; crude and obvious.
pos: adj
examples: 8. They require that crass stupidities shall not be played upon the reader as “the craft of the woodsman, the delicate art of the forest,” by either the author or the people in the tale.
One may very easily fall into mistakes and errors when one is searching into the hidden causes of things, in the absence of real experiments, and this is easily apparent from the crass error of Cardan; who deems himself to have discovered the distances of the centres of the cosmos and of the earth through a variation of the magnetick iron of 9 degrees.
The Albanians have a world ranking of 58, but even a side of fairly modest talents would surely have taken advantage of the kind of crass mistakes that Scotland made on Friday.
Derived words: crassly
crassness
Translations:
crate
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
Etymology: From Dutch krat (“crate, large box, basket”), from Middle Dutch cratte (“basketware, mold”), from Old Dutch *kratta, *kratto (“basket”), from Proto-Germanic *kratjô, *krattijô (“basket”), from Proto-Indo-European *gretH- (“plaiting, wicker, basket, cradle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bind, twist, wind”).
Cognate with West Frisian kret (“wheelbarrow”), German Krätze (“basket”), Old English cræt, ceart (“cart, wagon, chariot”), Old Norse kartr (“wagon”), modern English cart. Wider cognates include Sanskrit ग्रन्थ (grantha, “a binding”).
Alternatively from Latin crātis (“wickerwork”), perhaps from the same PIE root.
Inflected forms:
form: crates
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: crates
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: crating
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: crated
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: crated
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A large open box or basket, used especially to transport fragile goods.
pos: noun
gloss: A vehicle (car, aircraft, spacecraft, etc.) seen as unreliable.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
mildly
slang
examples: They shook the head of the unconscious pilot and when the latter opened his eyes, blinking wildly, the other members of the family lifted up the tail of the overturned crate sufficiently high enough to enable the dazed pilot, after releasing his belt, to fall out of the cockpit head first and disengage himself from the crack-up.
I will make this box of electronics and computer chips fly like no other spaceship has ever flown. Mission Control wanted to see what this crate could do.
gloss: In the Rust programming language, a binary or library.
pos: noun
examples: And Rust never compiles modules separately, even if they're in separate files: when you build a Rust crate, you're recompiling all of its modules.
gloss: To put into a crate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Then, in 1941, decision was reached between the Chungking and American authorities to transport these fossils to the United States for safekeeping, and they were crated and moved to a warehouse in Ch’in-huang-tao, a small port city northeast of Peking, into the custody of the U.S. Marines.
gloss: To keep in a crate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: bottle crate
crate-dig
cratedigger
crate-digger
crate engine
crateful
crateload
cratemaker
cratemaking
crate motor
crate shy of a load
crate training
decrate
eggcrate
egg-crate
egg crate
gestation crate
loot crate
milkcrate
milk crate
prize crate
recrate
uncrate
veal crate
Translations:
crater
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: hobbies
lifestyle
snowboarding
sports
video-games
Etymology: First coined 1613, from Latin crātēr (“basin”), from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr, “mixing-bowl, wassail-bowl”).
Inflected forms:
form: craters
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: cratering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: cratered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: cratered
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To form craters in a surface.
pos: verb
gloss: To collapse catastrophically; to become devastated or completely destroyed.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
examples: Yup, John McCain said to me the economy “is about to crater.” You folks worried about the economy? Whoo! Not me.
Uber said on Thursday that its ride-hailing business had cratered in the second quarter as people traveled less in the pandemic.
The potential agreement comes after months of disputes that have created existential challenges for Twitter, cratering its share price, demoralizing its employees and spooking the advertisers it relies on for revenue.
But analysts don’t see Mr. Trump’s support cratering over Venezuela anytime soon.
gloss: To crash or fall.
pos: verb
examples: He cratered into that snow bank about five seconds after his first lesson.
gloss: To die from fall damage.
pos: verb
Translations:
craze
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: ceramics
chemistry
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: From Middle English crasen (“to crush, break, break to pieces, shatter, craze”), from Old Norse *krasa (“to shatter”), ultimately imitative.
Cognate with Scots krass (“to crush, squeeze, wrinkle”), Icelandic krasa (“to crackle”), Norwegian krasa (“to shatter, crush”), Swedish krasa (“to crack, crackle”), Danish krase (“to crack, crackle”), Faroese kras (“small pieces”).
Inflected forms:
form: crazes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: crase
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: craise
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: craize
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: crazes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: crazing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: crazed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: crazed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: crase
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: craise
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: craize
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A strong habitual desire or fancy.
pos: noun
gloss: A temporary passion or infatuation, as for some new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; a fad.
pos: noun
examples: Have you heard about the new dance craze? / Listen to us, I'm sure you'll be amazed / Big fun to be had by everyone / It's up to you, it surely can be done
Winemaking was a huge craze in the 1970s, when affordable package holidays to the continent gave people a taste for winedrinking, but the recession made it hard to afford off-license prices back home.
gloss: A crack in the glaze or enamel caused by exposure of the pottery to great or irregular heat.
pos: noun
gloss: Craziness; insanity.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
examples: ‘A poor fellow with a craze, sir,’ said Mr. Dick, ‘a simpleton, a weak-minded person […] may do what wonderful people may not do. […]’
gloss: To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit.
pos: verb
tags: archaic
examples: till length of years / And ſedentary numneſs craze my limbs
gloss: To derange the intellect of; to render insane.
pos: verb
examples: any man […] that is crazed and out of his wits
Grief hath crazed my wits.
gloss: To be crazed, or to act or appear as one that is crazed; to rave; to become insane.
pos: verb
examples: And if Robin should be cast / Sudden from his turfed grave, / And if Marian should have / Once again her forest days, / She would weep and he would craze: [...]
gloss: To break into pieces; to crush; to grind to powder. See crase.
pos: verb
tags: archaic
intransitive
transitive
examples: God looking forth will trouble all his Hoſt / And craze thir Chariot wheels:
gloss: To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or pottery.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
transitive
Related words: fad
trend
Derived words: becraze
crazeless
craze line
crazen
crazy
witch craze
Translations:
craziness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English crazy
Proto-Germanic *-in-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ti
Proto-Germanic *-ōną
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Middle English -nesse
English -ness
English craziness
From crazy + -ness.
Inflected forms:
form: crazinesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being crazy; madness; derangement
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
gloss: The state of being broken down or weakened
pos: noun
tags: archaic
uncountable
usually
examples: the craziness of a ship, or of the limbs
gloss: The result or product of being crazy.
pos: noun
tags: countable
usually
Translations:
creak
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English creken, criken, metathesis of Old English cearcian (“to chatter, creak, crash, gnash”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn (“to crash, crack, creak”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of imitative origin.
Compare also Old English crǣccettan, crācettan (“to croak”), Albanian grykë (“throat”). More at crack.
Inflected forms:
form: creaks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: crik
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: creaks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: creaking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: creaked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: creaked
pos: verb
tags: past
form: crik
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: The sound produced by anything that creaks; a creaking.
pos: noun
examples: I won't say that I didn't close my eyes for a minute through the whole night, but if I did sleep it was only as a watchdog sleeps. A whisper or a creak of a board would have found me alert.
gloss: To make a prolonged sharp grating or squeaking sound, as by the friction of hard substances.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Then when the four ropes were arranged the coffin was placed upon them. He watched it descend; it seemed descending for ever. At last a thud was heard; the ropes creaked as they were drawn up.
He heard the creaking of the bolt as it came slowly back, and at the same moment he found the monkey's paw, and frantically breathed his third and last wish.
gloss: To produce a creaking sound with.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Creaking my shoes on the plain masonry.
I miss the polished brass, the powerful black horses,
The drivers creaking the seats of the baroque hearses, […]
gloss: To suffer from strain or old age.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
intransitive
examples: Fascinating though this high-minded re-reading was, certain crucial joints of the play creaked a good deal under the strain.
The whole basis of feudalism, especially in the more intensively farmed champion arable landscapes of the Midlands, was starting to creak.
Derived words: acreak
a creaking door hangs longest
a creaking door hangs long on its hinges
creaker
creakingly
creaky
Translations:
crease
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: ball-games
cricket
games
handball
hobbies
ice-hockey
lacrosse
lifestyle
skating
sports
Etymology: From earlier English creast, from Middle English crest (“ridge, crest”). More at crest.
Inflected forms:
form: creases
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: creases
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: creasing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: creased
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: creased
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance; hence, a similar mark, however produced.
pos: noun
examples: His pants had a nice sharp crease.
His shirt was brand new with visible creases from its store fold.
gloss: One of the white lines drawn on the pitch to show different areas of play; especially the popping crease, but also the bowling crease and the return crease.
pos: noun
examples: DRS showed he was out of the crease in a controversial run out review.
gloss: The circle around the goal, which no offensive players may enter during play, unless after scoring.
pos: noun
gloss: The area in front of each goal.
pos: noun
gloss: A crack.
pos: noun
tags: Jamaica
slang
examples: (To Ali G): My skin is so dry. So for being a bad boy, I want you to rub oil into me, paying special attention to my breasts and my batty crease.
gloss: To make a crease in; to wrinkle.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To undergo creasing; to form wrinkles.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To lightly bloody; to graze.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The bullet just creased his shoulder.
gloss: To laugh.
pos: verb
tags: UK
colloquial
intransitive
reflexive
examples: I can't breathe, I'm creasing so hard.
He creases at his own joke.
Derived words: anticrease
batting crease
creaseless
creaseproof
creaser
creasy
cut crease
noncrease
precrease
referee's crease
simian crease
creasable
creased
crease up
noncreasing
recrease
uncrease
Translations:
creel
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: business
fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
manufacturing
textiles
Etymology: Inherited from Northern Middle English crele, possibly from an Old French root *creille, variant of greille (compare French grille), from Latin crāticula.
Inflected forms:
form: creels
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: creels
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: creeling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: creeled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: creeled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A woven basket, especially a wicker basket.
pos: noun
examples: Return with a creel of trout for supper.
Her great creel forehead-slung, she wanders nigh,
 Easing the heavy strap with gnarled, brown fingers
gloss: A woven basket, especially a wicker basket.
pos: noun
tags: historical
gloss: A woven basket, especially a wicker basket.
pos: noun
tags: historical
gloss: A bar or set of bars with skewers for holding paying-off bobbins, as in the roving machine, throstle, and mule.
pos: noun
gloss: To place (fish) in a creel.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: creeler
creelman
encreel
Translations:
cremation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin cremātiō, cremātiōnis; equivalent to cremate + -ion.
Base: cremate
Affixes: -ion
Inflected forms:
form: cremations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A burning; especially the act or practice of cremating the dead, burning a corpse.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Cremation removes a significant amount of "closure" from the process of death.
Translations:
crier
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English criour, cryour, crier, from Old French crieor (Modern French crieur), derived from the verb crier. By surface analysis, cry + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: criers
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: cryer
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
Senses:
gloss: One who cries.
pos: noun
examples: Once again she had been stricken, beaten down, so violated that to give utterance to her feelings might have outshrilled all the criers in hell.
gloss: An officer who proclaims the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice by loud proclamation, such as a town crier.
pos: noun
Derived words: aim-crier
speech-crier
Translations:
crore
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindustani करोड़ / کروڑ (karoṛ).
Inflected forms:
form: crore
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: crores
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: ten million (10⁷): 10,000,000, that is, with Indian digit grouping, 1,00,00,000.
pos: noun
tags: India
Pakistan
examples: Meronym: lakh
The population of Gujarat is 3.39 crores.
The state estimates that the construction project will cost about two crores.
Following the ban, the government stands to lose ₹30 crore annually, sources said.
According to K.M. Subramanian, president of the Tiruppur Exporters Association, Tiruppur ships garments worth ₹12,000-15,000 crore to the U.S. each year, which makes up 32–35% of its total exports. […] Subramanian, who has seven factories in Tiruppur district, explains how the situation changed for the worse over the last few months. […] When the U.S. imposed 25% tariffs, buyers discussed sharing the costs of orders already placed with exporters, since competing countries faced similar duties. But with tariffs now at 50%, most buyers no longer want the goods […] “We fear that Tiruppur may lose ₹3,000 crore-5,000 crore worth of annual business that involves core products as buyers can easily source them from other countries,” says Subramanian. Displaying some of the garments for children that he has made for a brand based in the U.S., he says he also has stocks worth nearly ₹18 crore that were made for the US buyers.
Tamil Nadu is the second biggest market for small business credit, accounting for 9.3% of the national total, as per a joint report by Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and credit bureau CRIF High Mark. As of June 30, 2025, Tamil Nadu had an outstanding small business credit portfolio of about ₹4.21 lakh crore, up 15.7% from ₹3.64 lakh crore as of June 30 2024, the report said. Maharashtra remained the largest market with ₹6.0 lakh crore in outstanding credit, while Tamil Nadu, Gujarat (₹3.69 lakh crore), Uttar Pradesh (₹3.61 lakh crore), and Karnataka (₹3.18 lakh crore) round out the top five by portfolio size. Uttar Pradesh registered highest outstanding portfolio growth of 20.7% on a year-on-year basis. The report defines "Small Business" as those businesses that have an aggregated credit exposure not exceeding ₹5 crore from the formal lending system.
Translations:
cross-examination
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: law
Etymology: Etymology tree
English cross-
English examination
English cross-examination
From cross- + examination.
Inflected forms:
form: cross-examinations
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: cross examination
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The interrogation or questioning of a witness by the party against whom they have been called and examined, in an attempt to prove or reveal something false or untold during direct examination.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: It is impossible to bring them here for cross-examination; one simply has to conduct one's defence and argue one's case against an invisible opponent, […]
When Horsley finished his testimony, Richardson began the cross-examination, which was to last for twenty-six hours over the course of an entire week.
gloss: Any intense period of questioning, especially if hostile.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
uncountable
Translations:
crouch
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”), variant of croken (“to bend, crook”), from crok (“crook, hook”), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”). Compare Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”). More at crook.
Inflected forms:
form: crouches
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: crouching
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: crouched
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: crouched
pos: verb
tags: past
form: crouches
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: We crouched behind the low wall until the squad of soldiers had passed by.
Archer and Jacob jumped up from behind the mound where they had been crouching with the intention of springing upon their mother unexpectedly, and they all began to walk slowly home.
gloss: To bend servilely; to bow in reverence or humility.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: kings ſhall crouch vnto our conquering ſwords,
And hoſtes of Souldiers ſtand amazd at vs,
When with their fearfull tongues they ſhall confeſſe
Theſe are the men that al the world admires,
Must I stand and crouch
 Under your testy humour?
a crouching purpose
gloss: A bent or stooped position.
pos: noun
examples: The cat waited in a crouch, hidden behind the hedge.
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: свивам
roman: svivam
lang: Bulgarian
word: свивам се
roman: svivam se
lang: Bulgarian
word: стоя приведен
roman: stoja priveden
lang: Estonian
word: kummardama
lang: Finnish
word: kumartua
lang: Greek
word: κουλουριάζω
roman: koulouriázo
lang: Portuguese
word: prostar-se
lang: Russian
word: извива́ться
roman: izvivátʹsja
lang: Russian
word: ви́ться
roman: vítʹsja
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: saviti
lang: Spanish
word: encogerse
lang: Spanish
word: inclinarse
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: پوصمق
roman: pusmak
crucial
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: 1706, from French crucial, a medical term for ligaments of the knee (which cross each other), from Latin crux, crucis (“cross”) (English crux), from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”).
The meaning “decisive, critical” is extended from a logical term, Instantias Crucis, adopted by Francis Bacon in his influential Novum Organum (1620); the notion is of cross fingerboard signposts at forking roads, thus a requirement to choose.
Inflected forms:
form: more crucial
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most crucial
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Essential or decisive for determining the outcome or future of something; extremely important; vital.
pos: adj
examples: The battle of Tali-Ihantala in 1944 is one of the crucial moments in the history of Finland.
A secure supply of crude oil is crucial for any modern nation, let alone a superpower.
The perfume industry is facing a major problem: maintaining constant levels of quality is crucial, but it is increasingly difficult to obtain a regular supply of all the necessary natural ingredients.
Vocabulary provides a foundation from which grammar, phonology, and morphology emerge, and in a subject area it provides access to conceptual knowledge. Vocabulary selection for pedagogical purposes is therefore crucial.
Language is crucial because it is the best weapon against violence. When children don’t have the words to express their thoughts, they raise their fists.
gloss: Cruciform or cruciate; cross-shaped.
pos: adj
tags: archaic
gloss: Very good; excellent; particularly applied to reggae music.
pos: adj
tags: Jamaica
especially
slang
examples: Delbert Wilkins is the most crucial pirate radio DJ in Brixton.
Related words: cross
crux
Derived words: crucial experiment
cruciality
crucially
crucialness
noncrucial
Translations:
crusader
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: Islam
government
lifestyle
politics
religion
Etymology: Etymology tree
English crusade
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English crusader
From crusade + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: crusaders
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A fighter or participant in the medieval Crusades.
pos: noun
tags: historical
examples: Tony's face expressed relief, and Nettie sat silent for a moment until the vicar said “It was a generous impulse, but it may have been a momentary one, while in the case of monk and crusader there must have been a sustaining purpose, and possibly a great abnegation, a leaving of lands and possessions.”
the crusaders of the Middle Ages
gloss: A person engaged in a crusade.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
gloss: An American, especially a soldier or leader who wages war against Islamist militants.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
examples: 1998, Osama Bin Ladenhttps://irp.fas.org/world/para/docs/980223-fatwa.htm
Second, despite the great devastation inflicted on the Iraqi people by the crusader-Zionist alliance, and despite the huge number of those killed, which has exceeded 1 million... despite all this, the Americans are once against trying to repeat the horrific massacres, as though they are not content with the protracted blockade imposed after the ferocious war or the fragmentation and devastation.
gloss: A Westerner; a Christian, especially of European descent or a missionary.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
slur
gloss: (either attributively or in the plural) The United States and its Western allies.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
Derived words: caped crusader
cornstarch crusader
crusader complex
crusaderism
crusaderist
crusaderlike
crusadery
Translations:
crystallization
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English crystal
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.
Late Latin -izōder.
Middle French -iserbor.
Middle English -isen
English -ize
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin -ātiōlbor.
Old French -ationbor.
Middle English -acioun
English -ation
English -ization
English crystallization
From crystal + -ization.
Inflected forms:
form: crystallizations
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: crystallisation
pos: noun
tags: alternative
UK
form: crystalization
pos: noun
tags: alternative
US
Senses:
gloss: The act or process by which a substance in solidifying assumes the form and structure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The body formed by crystallizing.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Silver on precipitation forms arborescent crystallizations.
gloss: The formation of a solid from a solution, melt, vapour or from a different solid phase
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The process or the result of becoming more definite or precise.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Derived words: anticrystallization
biocrystallization
cocrystallization
cryptocrystallization
decrystallization
fractional crystallization
nanocrystallization
post-crystallization
precrystallization
recrystallization
water of crystallization
Translations:
culmination
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: astronomy
education
natural-sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from French culmination, from culminer, or from Medieval Latin culminatus + -tion. Morphologically culminate + -ion.
Base: culminate
Affixes: -ion
Inflected forms:
form: culminations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by a heavenly body; passage across the meridian; transit.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: An endpoint arrived at after some series of actions or events, or some period, usually after the series or period has ended. The sum of something.
pos: noun
tags: Canada
UK
countable
uncountable
gloss: An attainment or arrival at the highest pitch of glory, power, etc.
pos: noun
tags: US
countable
uncountable
gloss: A ceremony marking the completion of studies at an elementary school, middle school or junior high school.
pos: noun
tags: US
countable
uncountable
Related words: culminate
Derived words: nonculmination
Translations:
cultivation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Medieval Latin cultivātus, perfect passive participle of cultivō, + -ion, or Middle French cultivation. By surface analysis, cultivate + -ion.
Affixes: -ion
Inflected forms:
form: cultivations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The art or act of cultivating (improvement of land for or by agriculture), as:
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The cultivation of these valleys dates back thousands of years.
gloss: The art or act of cultivating (improvement of land for or by agriculture), as:
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The cultivation of the hillside led to soil erosion.
gloss: The state of being cultivated or used for agriculture
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: These fields are in cultivation.
gloss: Devotion of time or attention to the improvement of (something)
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: His steadfast cultivation of their relationship finally bore fruit.
gloss: Advancement or refinement in physical, intellectual, or moral condition
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: She is a woman of great cultivation.
Synonyms: tillage
Related words: cultivar
cultivate
cultivator
Derived words: cocultivation
cultivational
cultivation theory
incultivation
microcultivation
miscultivation
multicultivation
noncultivation
overcultivation
precultivation
recultivation
self-cultivation
shifting cultivation
subcultivation
uncultivation
Translations:
lang: Afrikaans
word: kultivasie
lang: Arabic
word: تَهْذِيب
roman: tahḏīb
lang: Bengali
word: চাষ
roman: caś
lang: Bengali
word: জেরাত
roman: jerat
lang: Bulgarian
word: обработка
roman: obrabotka
lang: Bulgarian
word: отгле́ждане
roman: otgléždane
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 養殖 /养殖
roman: yǎngzhí
lang: Dutch
word: teelt
lang: Esperanto
word: kultivado
lang: Finnish
word: viljely
lang: French
word: culture
lang: Galician
word: cultivo
lang: German
word: Bodenbearbeitung
lang: German
word: Kultivierung
lang: Indonesian
word: kultivasi
lang: Indonesian
word: budidaya
lang: Irish
word: saothrú
lang: Italian
word: coltura
lang: Japanese
word: 栽培
roman: saibai
lang: Korean
word: 경작
roman: gyeongjak
lang: Latin
word: cultūra
lang: Persian
word: کشت
roman: kešt
lang: Middle Persian
word: 𐭠𐭡𐭠𐭣𐭠𐭭𐭩𐭤
lang: Polish
word: uprawa
lang: Portuguese
word: cultivo
lang: Portuguese
word: cultivação
lang: Romanian
word: cultivare
lang: Romanian
word: cultură agricolă
lang: Romanian
word: cultivație
lang: Russian
word: культиви́рование
roman: kulʹtivírovanije
lang: Russian
word: возде́лывание
roman: vozdélyvanije
lang: Russian
word: обрабо́тка
roman: obrabótka
lang: Russian
word: выра́щивание
roman: vyráščivanije
lang: Santali
word: ᱚᱵᱚᱫ
roman: ôbôt’
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: àiteach
lang: Spanish
word: cultivación
lang: Spanish
word: cultivo
lang: Telugu
word: వ్యవసాయము
roman: vyavasāyamu
cumulation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: cumulations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Synonym of accumulation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncommon
uncountable
examples: The cumulation and toleration of medicines.
The Cumulation of Methylmercury and Phenylmercury Species on Alga.
Very improbable structures readily arise through the cumulation of small alterations.
Changes in internal boundaries can also occur more frequently and can complicate cumulations of data for cities [...]
gloss: The effect of free trade agreements on the rules of origin in calculating importation tariffs, quotas, etc.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Cumulation is a deviation from the principle that goods must be produced entirely in the country of exportation, or have undergone sufficient working or processing there, in order to qualify as originating goods. Cumulation makes it possible for goods from a free trade partner to be treated the same as those originating in the country of exportation.
Related words: accumulation
Translations: