yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
victimize
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyk-der.
Latin victima
Middle French victimebor.
English victim
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.
Late Latin -izōder.
Middle French -iserbor.
Middle English -isen
English -ize
English victimize
From victim + -ize.
Inflected forms:
form: victimizes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: victimizing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: victimized
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: victimized
pos: verb
tags: past
form: victimise
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To make (someone) a victim or sacrifice.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To punish unjustly.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Yet, even as Democratic party leadership has decried this mass deportation plan and even as the bill maligns Democrats as victimizing Americans through its policy of “open borders,” 48 Democratic members of Congress voted for this GOP-backed bill.
gloss: To swindle or defraud.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: self-victimize
victimization
victimizer
Translations:
victorious
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin victōriōsus, from victōria (“victory”), from victor (“conqueror”). Displaced native Old English siġefæst.
Inflected forms:
form: more victorious
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most victorious
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Being the winner in a contest, struggle, war, etc.
pos: adj
examples: They will not force us, / They will stop degrading us, / They will not control us, / We will be victorious!
gloss: Of or expressing a sense of victory or triumph.
pos: adj
examples: The team were met with a victorious cheer.
Related words: victory
Translations:
videocassette
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *widéh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *widēō
Latin videōbor.
English video
English video-
Proto-Indo-European *kap-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *kapyéti
Proto-Italic *kapjō
Proto-Italic *kapsos
Latin capsa
Old Northern French casse
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tosder.?
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Middle French -ette
French cassettebor.
English cassette
English videocassette
From video- + cassette.
Inflected forms:
form: videocassettes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: video cassette
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A cassette containing a blank or prerecorded videotape on which visual images and sounds are recorded for use with a VCR.
pos: noun
Translations:
videotape
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From video + tape, a trademark of media company Ampex.
Base: video
Inflected forms:
form: videotapes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: videotapes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: videotaping
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: videotaped
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: videotaped
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A relatively wide magnetic tape used for recording visual images and sounds (as of a television production) for subsequent playback or broadcasting.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Synonym of videocassette (“cassette containing videotape”).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: to make a recording of something on videotape
pos: verb
gloss: To visually record (activity, or a motion picture) in general, with or without sound.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
Derived words: file videotape
Translations:
videodisc
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From video + disc.
Compound parts: video
disc
Inflected forms:
form: videodiscs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An optical disc containing a video recording that can be viewed on a television receiver.
pos: noun
Translations:
viewer
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: business
computing
engineering
mathematics
mining
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English vewer; equivalent to view + -er.
Base: view
Affixes: -er
Inflected forms:
form: viewers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Someone who views a spectacle; an onlooker or spectator.
pos: noun
examples: This sensation of an object becoming alive is a characteristic that, I believe, seizes all viewers of a van Gogh. The Bible goes beyond being a simple still-life object to become a living thing, an expression of strength, an existence that emanates from itself, beyond the painting surface to participate in our very lives.
It’s clear why enterprising people make the videos, but what compels so many viewers to watch an amateur video of some stranger they don’t know opening a box? What would compel a viewer to subscribe to the all-coffee channel and binge-watch a guy unpacking coffee makers?
gloss: Someone who watches television.
pos: noun
gloss: Any optical device used to view photographic slides.
pos: noun
gloss: A program that displays the contents of a file.
pos: noun
gloss: An appointed inspector or examiner
pos: noun
tags: historical
gloss: An appointed inspector or examiner:
pos: noun
tags: historical
Derived words: check viewer
fence viewer
game viewer
remote viewer
solar viewer
televiewer
underviewer
Translations:
viewfinder
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From view + finder.
Compound parts: view
finder
Inflected forms:
form: viewfinders
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A device on a camera that shows what will appear in the field of view of the lens; it helps the user target a subject, zoom and focus the image.
pos: noun
Translations:
viewpoint
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From view + point.
Compound parts: view
point
Inflected forms:
form: viewpoints
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: view-point
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The position from which something is observed or considered
pos: noun
examples: From the top of the hill you get a good viewpoint of the town.
gloss: An angle, outlook or point of view.
pos: noun
examples: It is my personal viewpoint that veganism should be not only accepted, but actively encouraged by those in power.
Derived words: multiviewpoint
Translations:
Miami
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Miami Myaamia, the endonym for the tribe in Miami-Illinois, an Algonquian language.
Inflected forms:
form: Miamis
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: Miami
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A member of an indigenous North American people of Algonquian stock.
pos: noun
gloss: Miami University.
pos: noun
Translations:
playback
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From play + back.
Compound parts: play
back
Inflected forms:
form: playbacks
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The replaying of something previously recorded, especially sound or moving images.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
gloss: Lip-syncing.
pos: noun
tags: nonstandard
uncountable
usually
Derived words: playback singer
Translations:
animate
Part of speech: adj
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English animat(e), from Latin animātus, perfect passive participle of animō (“to fill with breath, quicken, encourage, animate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from anima (“soul, spirit, breath”); see anima. The verb derives from the adjective, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Affixes: -ate
Inflected forms:
form: more animate
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most animate
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: animates
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: animating
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: animated
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: animated
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: That lives.
pos: adj
gloss: Possessing the quality or ability of motion.
pos: adj
gloss: Dynamic, energetic.
pos: adj
examples: She is an engaging and animate speaker.
gloss: having a referent that is considered alive (this generally includes humans, animals and deities, sometimes also plants, spirits, etc.)
pos: adj
examples: Nouns can be singular or plural, and one of two genders, animate or inanimate.
gloss: Inflected to agree with an animate noun or pronoun.
pos: adj
gloss: To impart motion or the appearance of motion to.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: leaves animated by a stiff breeze
If we animate the model, we can see the complexity of the action.
gloss: To give spirit or vigour to; to stimulate or enliven; to inspirit.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The more to animate the people, he stood on high […] and cried unto them with a loud voice.
Related words: exanimate
animation
animatrice
Derived words: animacy
animately
animateness
animatism
animatist
inanimate
non-animate
semianimate
subanimate
transitive animate
interanimate
reanimate
animatable
animated cartoon
animated oat
animative
animatography
animator
animater
animatrix
deanimate
disanimate
overanimate
transanimate
Translations:
lang: Albanian
word: frymor
lang: Arabic
word: عَاقِل
roman: ʕāqil
lang: Armenian
word: շնչավոր
roman: šnčʻavor
lang: Belarusian
word: адушаўлёны
roman: adušawljóny
lang: Belarusian
word: жывы́
roman: žyvý
lang: Bulgarian
word: одушеве́н
roman: oduševén
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 有生的
roman: yǒushēng de
lang: Czech
word: životný
lang: Danish
word: besjælet
lang: Dutch
word: bezield
lang: Finnish
word: elollinen
lang: French
word: animé
lang: German
word: belebt
lang: Kashmiri
word: زوٗوؠ
roman: zūv'
lang: Mongolian
word: амьтай
roman: amʹtaj
lang: Polish
word: żywotny
lang: Portuguese
word: animado
lang: Russian
word: одушевлённый
roman: oduševljónnyj
lang: Russian
word: живо́й
roman: živój
lang: Slovene
word: živ
lang: Swedish
word: besjälad
lang: Turkish
word: canlı
lang: Ukrainian
word: живи́й
roman: žyvýj
lang: Ukrainian
word: істо́та
roman: istóta
inanimate
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English inanimat(e), from Late Latin inanimātus, from Latin in- + animātus (“animated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). By surface analysis, in- + animate. The noun was derived by substantivization from the adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).
Affixes: -ate
Inflected forms:
form: more inanimate
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most inanimate
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Lacking the quality or ability of motion; as an inanimate object.
pos: adj
examples: The love of the inanimate is a general feeling. True, it makes no return of affection, neither does it disappoint it; its associations are from our thoughts and emotions.
Retired when her position was dissolved due to advances in inanimate automation.
gloss: Not alive, and never having been alive, especially not like humans and animals.
pos: adj
examples: I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body.
gloss: Not animate.
pos: adj
Related words: deanimate
Derived words: inanimacy
inanimately
inanimateness
inanimation
Translations:
farthing
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English ferthing, from Old English fēorþing, fēorþung (“a quarter, fourth part, farthing”), from fēorþa (“fourth”), from Proto-Germanic *fedurþungaz (“a quarter”), probably influenced by Old Norse fjórðungr (“a fourth part, quarter”). Equivalent to fourth + -ing; compare English riding (“third part”).
Base: fourth
Affixes: -ing
Inflected forms:
form: farthings
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fourthing
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: farthen
pos: noun
tags: alternative
dialectal
Senses:
gloss: A quarter of any monetary unit or measure.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
historical
gloss: Former British unit of currency worth one-quarter of an old penny; or a coin representing this.
pos: noun
tags: historical
examples: "Nay, Heaven forbid, indeed," quoth Robin, "that I should take from such as thee, jolly fellow! Not so much as one farthing would I take from thee, for I love a fair Saxon face like thine right well—more especially when it cometh from Locksley Town, and most especially when the man that owneth it is to marry a bonny lass on Thursday next. But come, tell me for what price thou wilt sell me all of thy meat and thy horse and cart."
We must keep them to the fact that the duty is one and three quarter farthings, or nearly a half-penny in the pound and no more, and any one who tries to work it out any other way is not acting fairly in the matter.
I had never defrauded a man of a farthing, nor called him knave behind his back. But now the last rag that covered my nakedness had been torn from me. I was branded a blackleg, card-sharper, and murderer.
gloss: A very small quantity or value; the least possible amount.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
examples: That period of infatuation was not unrelieved by a certain amount of self-introspection on my part. I kept account of every farthing I spent, and my expenses were carefully calculated. Every little item such as omnibus fares or postage or a couple of coppers spent on newspapers, would be entered, and the balance struck every evening before going to bed. That habit has stayed with me ever since, and I know that as a result, though I have had to handle public funds amounting to lakhs, I have succeeded in exercising strict economy in their disbursement, and instead of outstanding debts have had invariably a surplus balance in respect of all the movements I have led.
gloss: A division of land.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
Related words: riding
Derived words: brass farthing
chuck-farthing
farthingdale
farthing dip
farthingland
farthingless
farthing loaf
Farthing Street
farthingsworth
half farthing
Harrington farthing
nipfarthing
not worth a brass farthing
penny farthing
pitch-farthing
quarter farthing
third farthing
three farthings
unofficial farthing
Translations:
vigil
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of Wigilia. See also wake and vigor, from the same root.
Inflected forms:
form: vigils
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: vigils
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: vigiling
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
present
form: vigilling
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
present
form: vigiled
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
past
form: vigiled
pos: verb
tags: US
past
form: vigilled
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
past
form: vigilled
pos: verb
tags: UK
past
Senses:
gloss: An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.
pos: noun
examples: I saw her head drooped upon her hand; her whole attitude expressing that profound depression, whose lonely vigil wastes the midnight in a gloomy watch, which yet hopes for nothing at its close.
Eventually the body trade grew so reckless that relatives took to holding graveside vigils, lest their loved ones disappear in the night.
A vigil was held for Ms. Cheptegei on Wednesday night, Ms. Indimuli said, with many women praying that she would survive.
Mortenson, who asked to use a pseudonym for this story, says she has been attending rallies and vigils in her home state to regain her optimism, but she’s finding it tough.
gloss: A period of observation or surveillance at any hour.
pos: noun
examples: His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.
gloss: The eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.
pos: noun
gloss: A quiet demonstration in support of a cause.
pos: noun
examples: The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.
gloss: To participate in a vigil.
pos: verb
examples: As the arrested painters and their supporters waited out their "day in court," other activists distributed Hiroshima information leaflets, vigiled silently with placards and banners, and marched 500-strong through downtown Boston to a rally at City Hall Plaza.
Related words: vigilance
vigilant
vigilation
vigilous
Derived words: candlelight vigil
coma vigil
keep vigil
Translations:
vigorously
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English vigorous
Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der.
Proto-Germanic *līkąder.
Proto-Germanic *-līkaz
Proto-Germanic *-ê
Proto-Germanic *-līkê
Proto-West Germanic *-līkē
Old English -līċe
Middle English -ly
English -ly
English vigorously
From vigorous + -ly.
Inflected forms:
form: more vigorously
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most vigorously
pos: adv
tags: superlative
form: vigourously
pos: adv
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: With intense energy, force or vigor
pos: adv
examples: The lawyer vigorously defended her client.
He knocked vigorously on the door.
The tender roared along vibrating vigorously; braking had resulted in "flats" on most of its tyres.
For some writers, the flowering of chamber music around 1910 represents a reaction against the gargantuanism cultivated so vigorously in the previous century.
Recently, the Supreme Court justices Sonia Sotomayor and Amy Coney Barrett spoke together publicly about how members of the court speak civilly to one another while disagreeing, sometimes vigorously, about the law.
“As soon as I am inaugurated, I will direct the Justice Department to vigorously pursue the death penalty to protect American families and children from violent rapists, murderers, and monsters. We will be a Nation of Law and Order again!” Trump wrote on Truth Social, echoing his long-standing advocacy for use of the death penalty, which was part of his tough-on-crime rhetoric during the 2024 campaign.
Translations:
vilification
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: vilifications
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: slanderous or malicious defamation; character assassination
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
villainous
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English vileinous, from Old French vileneus. By surface analysis, villain + -ous.
Inflected forms:
form: more villainous
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most villainous
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: villanous
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Of, relating to, or appropriate to a villain.
pos: adj
gloss: Wicked, offensive, or reprehensible in nature or behaviour; nefarious.
pos: adj
examples: Tuc[ca]. […] Can thy Author doe it impudently enough? / Hiſt[rio]. O, I warrant you, Captaine: and ſpitefully inough too; he ha's one of the moſt ouerflowing villanous wits, in Rome. He will ſlander any man that breathes; If he diſguſt him. / Tucca. I'le know the poor, egregious, nitty Raſcall; and he haue ſuch commendable Qualities, I'le cheriſh him: […]
Bah! to this toilet for the villainous boredom of church.
Baltar, played hammily as a selfish, cowardly survivor, is to “Battlestar Galactica” what Erica Kane is to “All My Children”  an amusingly villainous central character who brings a little campy comic relief to all that earnest, jaw-clenched melodrama.
Synonyms: villainly
villainy
Derived words: villainously
villainousness
Translations:
villainy
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English vileinie, vileynye, from Anglo-Norman vilenie, from Old French vilanie.
Inflected forms:
form: villainies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: more villainy
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most villainy
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Evil or wicked character or behaviour.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Mos Eisley spaceport- you will never find a more wretched hive of scum and villainy. We must be cautious.
gloss: A wicked or treacherous act.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: He drew from his pocket a pistol, which, devoid of principle or honour, with an assassin-like assault, he instantly aimed at the breast of Lord Deloraine, but which, in the struggle that ensued, as if by retributive justice, went off unexpectedly and lodged its contents in the body of Melliphant,—thus doomed to receive his punishment by his own hand, and by the very weapon he had carried for his own defence in the perpetration of his villanies.
gloss: Ill-treatment, indignity, degrading or shameful treatment of someone.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
uncountable
gloss: Disgrace, ignominy.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
uncountable
gloss: The state of being a villein or serf, and by extension servitude or low estate in life.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
uncountable
gloss: Boorishness, rudeness, bad cultivation or manners.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
uncountable
gloss: Characteristic of a villain.
pos: adj
examples: We are all villainy— very villainy, as I am a Christian man.
Apparently, in both domestic and foreign movies, you can't get too villainy to displease an audience.
Yet here, actual reality offers you the worst villain ever and you say, sorry, he is too villainy.
Synonyms: atrociousness
awfulness
badness
corruption
corruptness
criminality
dacoity
depravity
enormity
evil
evilness
immorality
knavery
nefariousness
rascality
savagery
scoundrelry
scumminess
turpitude
vileness
villainhood
villainousness
villainry
villainy
wickedness
Antonyms: dogoodery
good
goodness
heroism
virtue
virtuousness
Translations:
villus
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin villus (“shaggy hair”).
Inflected forms:
form: villi
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A small projection from a membrane, particularly those found in the mucous membranes of the intestines.
pos: noun
examples: where a villus comes next to a gland the short cubical cells of the gland may be traced into the columnar cells of the villus , the hyaline border becoming more marked
Studies of the viable blood cells with phase contrast microscopy showed peculiar cells that had numerous short villi and were arbitrarily called “hairy cells.”
gloss: One of the fine soft hairs on fruits, flowers, and other parts of plants.
pos: noun
Related words: extravillous
intervillar
intervillous
intravillous
macrovillus
microvillus
perivillous
velour
velvet
villar
villiform
villitis
villonodular
villosity
villous
Derived words: chorionic villus sampling
Translations:
amour
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-ti
Proto-Indo-European *h₃émh₃ti
Proto-Italic *amō
Latin amō
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *-ōs
Proto-Italic *-ōs
Latin -or
Latin amōrem
Old French amor
Middle French amourbor.
Middle English amour
▲
French amourinflu.
English amour
Inherited from Middle English amour, from Middle French amour, from Old French amor, from Latin amor. The modern pronunciation is due to continual French influence; the expected pronunciation would be /ˈæmə(ɹ)/; compare enamour, enamoured.
Inflected forms:
form: amours
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: amor
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
Senses:
gloss: Courtship; flirtation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Perhaps Daisy never went in for amour at all—and yet there's something in that voice of hers….
gloss: A love affair.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Jones had mentioned the Fact of his Amour, and of his being the Rival of Blifil, but had cautiously concealed the Name of the young Lady.
The amours of the greater scaup are, if anything, even more varied.
gloss: A lover.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: ‘Dulce, will you go to the masquerade-ball to night?’ said I to my lesser-half, on a bright evening during the gayest part of the ‘carnival season.’ / ‘No, my amor,’ answered she; ‘I am ill this evening; do n’t go out to-night, but stay by my side, and let your cheering presence save a doctor’s fee.’
Makes you wonder how they were able to see their amours, or their hands...
gloss: Love, affection.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
Related words: amorous
amourette
amour propre
d'Amour
enamour
metamour
paramour
Derived words: amourist
Translations:
amoureux
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From the French. Doublet of amoroso and amorous.
Inflected forms:
form: amoureux
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A lover; a romantic partner.
pos: noun
examples: Ogier, thinking it is the Virgin Mary, commences an Ave; but the lady tells him she is Morgue la faye, who at his birth had kissed him, and retained him for her loyal amoureux, though forgotten by him.
"Yet your mother," Rowland objected, "told me just now that you say you don't care a button for him." "Very likely! I meant as an amoureux. One does n't want a lover one pities, and one does n't want - of all things in the world - a husband who's a picturesque curiosity."
Translations:
vindictiveness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From vindictive + -ness.
Base: vindictive
Affixes: -ness
Inflected forms:
form: vindictivenesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The condition of being vindictive; a malevolent desire for revenge.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Lord Avonleigh was an angry rather than a vindictive man. Vindictiveness requires more energy of character than he possessed. Indeed, it may be questioned whether he would of himself have taken the violent measures of the preceding evening.
Translations:
jobsworth
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: A compound of job + -s- + worth, derived from the phrase “It’s more than me job’s worth” or “... my job’s worth” as used in denial of a request by a functionary, chiefly popularized by Jeremy Taylor's 1973 song “Jobsworth” and the 1973–1994 BBC television series That’s Life! which focused on consumer affairs and gave a “Jobsworth of the Week” award to “a startling tale of going by the book”.
Base: job
Affixes: -s-
Inflected forms:
form: jobsworths
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A person who upholds trivial rules unnecessarily and obstructively in order to exercise their (typically minor) authority.
pos: noun
tags: UK
derogatory
informal
examples: The usual council jobsworths came down to tell them to stop playing football.
For many people, however, the stress of not having the correct ticket for a train or bus journey can lead to a particularly uncomfortable feeling … fear that they might encounter a jobsworth. […] Someone who has been caught out by a jobsworth, will probably accuse them of being an embittered, mean-spirited inadequate who are using their status to give themselves faux importance, justifying their actions by their twin mantras of "Rules is rules" and, inevitably, "It's more than my job's worth."
Everyone knows a jobsworth. They are in our offices: the keeper of the stationery cupboard and the grumpy security guard. They add crucial extra minutes to the daily commute: the traffic warden who stands waiting for the time to tick over, the bus driver who drives past as you sprint for the bus stop.
But as within the rest of the civil service, competent, bright and ambitious staff who work long hours and often juggle multiple roles co-exist with the old-school jobsworths who punch-out the instant their daily seven hours 12 minutes are up.
Translations:
dour
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Scots dour, possibly from Latin dūrus (“hard, stern”), via Middle Irish dúr.
Compare French dur, Catalan dur, Italian duro, Portuguese duro, Romanian dur, Spanish duro. Doublet of dure.
Inflected forms:
form: dourer
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: more dour
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: dourest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: most dour
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Stern, harsh and forbidding.
pos: adj
examples: The principal reason is that, in competition with modern road vehicles running over motorways, B.R. has a dour struggle to match the performance of its rivals cost-wise.
I was reminded of the dour priests and salesmen of the nineteenth century who believed that the plebs wouldn’t be able to handle getting the vote, or a decent wage, or, least of all, leisure, and who backed the seventy-hour workweek as an efficacious instrument in the fight against liquor.
Hayek had contributed the foreword, in which he declared that “he got so fascinated” by the book—high praise from the dour Viennese sage—that he read it from start to finish in one sitting.
Tuchel arrived in Belgrade insisting England were ready to improve and show their quality after the dour victories that have characterised their World Cup qualification campaign.
gloss: Unyielding and obstinate.
pos: adj
gloss: Expressing gloom or melancholy.
pos: adj
Derived words: dourly
dourness
Translations:
non-negative
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: mathematics
sciences
Etymology: From non- + negative.
Base: negative
Affixes: non-
Inflected forms:
form: nonnegative
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Not negative.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: a non-negative self-evaluation
gloss: Of an element of a partially ordered ring, either positive or zero; not negative; greater than or equal to zero.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Distances are non-negative.
gloss: Of a function, functional, etc. which has non-negative values over a particular domain D.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: For all x∈D, f(x)>0
Antonyms: negative
Related words: nonpositive
nonvanishing
nonzero
Translations:
zero-rated
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Subject to no value-added tax when sold (but in which the supplier can still recover VAT attributable to it).
pos: adj
tags: UK
not-comparable
Translations:
sub-zero
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *upó
Proto-Italic *supo
Latin sub
Latin sub-der.
English sub-
English zero
English sub-zero
From sub- + zero.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: below 0°C; freezing cold
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Several days of sub-zero temperatures caused icicles up to 1.5 metres long to form in tunnels across Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Cumbria.
gloss: below 0°F (−18°C)
pos: adj
tags: US
not-comparable
Translations:
consistently
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: manner
Etymology: Etymology tree
English consistent
Middle English -ly
English -ly
English consistently
From consistent + -ly.
Inflected forms:
form: more consistently
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most consistently
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: In a consistent manner.
pos: adv
examples: Thus from October 1 the French National Railways made a number of changes in their services and consistently in the direction of higher speeds.
The penile mishaps (one involving a bristled toothbrush), severings (one involves hungry ducks) and surgeries cited by Ms. Roach are nothing if not memorable, but her book consistently undermines its own discoveries.
gloss: constantly; always.
pos: adv
Translations:
iwan
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic إِيوَان (ʔīwān), from Classical Persian اَیْوَان (aywān, “porch”); see there for more. Doublet of apadana.
Inflected forms:
form: iwans
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: aiwan
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: ivan
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A large, vaulted chamber with a monumental arched opening on one side.
pos: noun
Translations:
geotextile
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Pre-Greek der.
Proto-Hellenic *gayader.
Ancient Greek γαῖᾰ (gaîă)clip.
Ancient Greek γῆ (gê)
Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)
Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-)der.
English geo-
English textile
English geotextile
From geo- + textile.
Inflected forms:
form: geotextiles
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any strong, permeable fabric used in earthworks for any of a number of purposes, including separation of soil layers, filtering, reinforcing, erosion protection and protection of drainage pipes from clogging.
pos: noun
examples: You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore.
The design also included geotextile lining of the trench in which the drainage pipe was buried.
Translations:
juniper
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Late Middle English junyper, juniperus, from Latin iūniperus (“juniper-tree”).
Inflected forms:
form: junipers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any shrub or tree of the genus Juniperus of the cypress family, which is characterized by pointed, needle-like leaves and aromatic berry-like cones.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.
Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.
Sometimes I lost track of them and had to hunt round in a circle, thrusting through sharp-scented bushes, scratching myself on various plants which were still new to me: resinaceous rock-roses, juniper [translating genévriers], ilex, yellow and white asphodel.
One typical Grecian kiln engorged one thousand muleloads of juniper wood in a single burn. Fifty such kilns would devour six thousand metric tons of trees and brush annually.
gloss: One of a number of coniferous trees which resemble junipers.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Gin.
pos: noun
tags: UK
archaic
countable
slang
uncountable
examples: […] I said you didn't like them ere strong liquors, but if he warn't particular, I was sure you would pledge him in a glass of juniper, for I had always made you, since we had been man and vife^([sic]), take a drop afore you went to market, to keep cold out.
Related words: Juniperites
Derived words: alligator juniper
Ashe juniper
Bermuda juniper
checkerbark juniper
Chinese juniper
common juniper
foetid juniper
gum juniper
juniper berry
juniper bush
juniper bush katydid
Juniper Green
juniperin
juniper juice
juniper lactone
juniperlike
juniper oil
juniper tar
juniper titmouse
juniper-wood
juniper wood
juniper worm
junipery
one-seed juniper
oneseed juniper
pale juniper webworm
Pfitzer juniper
Pfitzer's juniper
plum juniper
red juniper
stinking juniper
Syrian juniper
Utah juniper
western prickly juniper
Translations:
jitterbug
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Topics: dance
dancing
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
Etymology: From jitter + bug, after the 1934 Cab Calloway song “Jitter Bug”.
Compound parts: jitter
bug
Inflected forms:
form: jitterbugs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: jitterbugs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: jitterbugging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: jitterbugged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: jitterbugged
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A nervous or jittery person.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
gloss: A jazz musician or aficionado.
pos: noun
gloss: An uptempo jazz or swing dance which embellishes on the two-step pattern and frequently incorporates acrobatic style swing steps.
pos: noun
gloss: Synonym of diddley bow (“type of stringed instrument”).
pos: noun
gloss: To dance the jitterbug.
pos: verb
Synonyms: nervous wreck
worrywart
Translations:
whim-wham
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps from North Germanic (compare Old Norse hvima (“to let the eyes wander”), Norwegian kvima (“to flutter”)), but in any case ultimately sound-symbolic/a fanciful reduplication (compare flim-flam).
Inflected forms:
form: whim-whams
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: whimwham
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A whimsical object; a trinket.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: They′ll pull ye all to pieces for your Whim-whams,
Your Garters and your Gloves,
gloss: A whim or fancy.
pos: noun
examples: 1807 April 18, “Anthony Evergreen” (Washington Irving), Salmagundi, or The Whim-whams and Opinions of Launcelot Langstaff, Esq. & Others, No. VIII, 1834, The Complete Works of Washington Irving in One Volume, page 35,
And trust me, gentlefolk, his are the whim-whams of a courteous gentleman full of most excellent qualities ; honourable in his disposition, independent in his sentiments, and of unbounded good-nature, as may be seen through all his works.
gloss: A state of nervous anxiety.
pos: noun
tags: in-plural
examples: But that wasn't what gave him the whim-whams so bad here. In the clearing, no more than ten feet away, stood a little stone cherub atop a fancy grave marker maybe three feet high.
Derived words: whim-wham for a goose's bridle
Translations:
fracas
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From French fracas, derived from fracasser, from Italian fracassare, from fra- + cassare, equivalent to Latin infra + quassare.
Inflected forms:
form: fracases
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fracas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A noisy disorderly quarrel, fight, brawl, disturbance or scrap.
pos: noun
examples: Fanny read to herself that “it was with infinite concern the newspaper had to announce to the world, a matrimonial fracas in the family of Mr. R. of Wimpole Street; the beautiful Mrs. R. whose name had not long been enrolled in the lists of hymen, and who had promised to become so brilliant a leader in the fashionable world, having quitted her husband’s roof in company with the well known and captivating Mr. C. the intimate friend and associate of Mr. R. and it was not known, even to the editor of the newspaper, whither they were gone.”
The Oregon-Northern California region had lost much of its population during the fracas of 1980; it had been heavily hit by Red Chinese guided missiles, and of course the clouds of fallout had blanketed it in the subsequent decade.
And I recall also some years ago, Mr Rayne, who travelled to America as valet to Sir Reginals Mauvis, remarking that a taxi driver in New York regularly addressed his fare in a manner which if repeated in London would end in some sort of fracas, if not in the fellow being frogmarched to the nearest police station.
To the ranks of wonky risk management professionals who have toiled over the minutia of E.S.G. reports for decades now, the political fracas is perplexing.
But as a matter of corporate drama, the OpenAI fracas is above all a great example of why the incredibly boring-sounding term corporate governance is actually extremely important.
Translations:
Californian
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English California
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Italic *-nos
Latin -nus
Latin -ānus
Old French -ainder.
Middle English -an
English -an
English Californian
From California + -an.
Inflected forms:
form: more Californian
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most Californian
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: Californians
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of or relating to California.
pos: adj
examples: The Californian ant-cricket, Myrmecophila formicarum Scudder occurs in practically every nest.
gloss: A native or resident of the state of California in the United States of America.
pos: noun
examples: And almost five million Californians voted Republican.
In fact, it's often somewhat disparagingly called "Boz Angeles" for the many Californians and celebrities that have come to town, as well as its perceived "fanciness" in relation to the rest of the state.
Translations:
rising
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
Etymology: By surface analysis, rise + -ing.
Inflected forms:
form: risings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Rebellion.
pos: noun
gloss: The act of something that rises.
pos: noun
examples: the risings and fallings of a thermometer
Still talking—more to herself than to the children—she swam into a majestical dance of the stateliest balancings, the haughtiest wheelings and turnings aside, the most dignified sinkings, the gravest risings, all joined together by the elaboratest interlacing steps and circles.
gloss: A dough and yeast mixture which is allowed to ferment.
pos: noun
tags: US
dated
examples: salt rising
milk rising
gloss: Going up, physically or in quantity, rate, etc.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Planned or destined to advance to an academic grade in the near future, after having completed the previous grade; soon-to-be.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: A student in the rising Senior Freshman Class, who may not have passed the preceding Michaelmas Examination, will be allowed to join the School and attend Lectures during Michaelmas Term, for which he will receive credit, on condition that he passes the ensuing Hilary Examination with the Senior Freshman Class.
Residential colleges at Princeton are “really central to your identity on campus,” especially as a freshman, Ms. Chaffers, who is a rising junior, said in an interview on Saturday.
gloss: Having its wings raised (either addorsed or sometimes displayed), standing on the tips of its feet as if about to take flight, typically depicted in profile.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Antonyms: falling
Related words: rise
Derived words: dead rising
Easter Rising
gainrising
sunrising
rising diphthong
risingly
Rising Sun
rising tone
self-rising
unrising
Translations:
jolt
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: Perhaps from joll (“to knock, strike”) + -t (frequentative suffix).
Base: joll
Affixes: -t
Inflected forms:
form: jolts
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: jolting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: jolted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: jolted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: jolts
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To push or shake abruptly and roughly.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The bus jolted its passengers at every turn.
gloss: To knock sharply
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To shock (someone) into taking action or being alert
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: I jolted her out of complacency.
gloss: To shock emotionally.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Her untimely death jolted us all.
gloss: To shake; to move with a series of jerks.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: The car jolted along the stony path.
gloss: An act of jolting.
pos: noun
examples: Timing your first coffee for mid-morning allows the caffeine to work its magic right as your body’s natural energy starts to wane. Instead of a jolt, you get a smooth, effective lift that carries you through the late morning and into the afternoon.
gloss: A surprise or shock.
pos: noun
gloss: A long prison sentence.
pos: noun
tags: slang
examples: Just sit down and look around for a while. Notice your cell, John. Take a good look at it, because it is going to be your home for the next ten years. Sure! You have just gotten a ten-year "jolt," John; so settle down and be a good prisoner.
But blow wise to this, buddy, blow wise to this: Never play cards with a man called Doc. Never eat at a place called Mom's. Never sleep with a woman whose troubles are worse than your own. Never let nobody talk you into shaking another man's jolt. And never you cop another man's plea. I've tried 'em all and I know. They don't work.
After three "jolts" in prison, three separate periods of incarceration, Braly decided to try his hand at writing.
"How long did she do after I left the joint" / "About a year or so. They wanted to parole her. […]" Mae wrinkled her forehead. “It's hard to figure out, sometimes.” Again she frowned heavily. “I don't give a damn myself—I'm a thief, and nothing they can ever do will hurt me. But Mrs. Loring, now, she was different. That jolt did hurt her bad. […]"
gloss: A narcotic injection.
pos: noun
tags: slang
gloss: The rate of change in acceleration with respect to time.
pos: noun
Derived words: jolter
jolthead
jolt head nail
jolting
joltless
joltproof
jolty
jounce
overjolt
rejolt
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: удрям силно
roman: udrjam silno
lang: Finnish
word: lyödä
lang: Finnish
word: täräyttää
lang: German
word: einen Schlag versetzen
lang: Hungarian
word: megüt
lang: Hungarian
word: rávág
lang: Hungarian
word: rácsap
lang: Māori
word: rutu
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: tresnuti
haggard
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: falconry
hobbies
hunting
lifestyle
Etymology: From Middle French haggard, from Old French faulcon hagard (“wild falcon”) ( > French hagard (“dazed”)), from Middle High German hag (“coppice”) ( > archaic German Hag (“hedge, grove”)). Akin to Frankish *hagia ( > French haie (“hedge”))
Inflected forms:
form: more haggard
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most haggard
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: haggards
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Looking exhausted, worried, or poor in condition
pos: adj
examples: Pale and haggard faces.
A gradual descent into a haggard and feeble state.
The years of hardship made her look somewhat haggard.
Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look.
Then there was a pale, care-wrinkled woman, not old, but haggard, and already with streaks of gray among her hair, like silver ribbons; one of those women, naturally delicate, whom you at once recognize as worn to death by a brute—probably, a drunken brute—of a husband, and at least nine children.
I looked at the morning / After being up all night / I looked at my haggard face in the bathroom light / I looked out the window / And I saw that ragged soul take flight
By the end of two weeks there isn't a county in England where he hasn't pledged his holiness six different ways — which is not to deny that intermittently he has visions of himself as a haggard apostle of the life renounced, converting beautiful women and millionaires to Christian poverty.
gloss: Wild or untamed
pos: adj
examples: a haggard or refractory hawk
gloss: A hunting bird captured as an adult.
pos: noun
examples: No, truly, Ursula, she is too disdainful;
I know her spirits are as coy and wild
As haggards of the rock.
1856, John Henry Walsh, Manual of British Rural Sports
HAGGARDS may be trapped in this country but with the square-net, or the bow-net, but in either case great difficulty is experienced
gloss: A young or untrained hawk or falcon.
pos: noun
gloss: A fierce, intractable creature.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: I have loved this proud disdainful haggard.
gloss: A hag.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: In a dark Grott the baleful Haggard lay,
Breathing black Vengeance, and infecting Day
Synonyms: careworn
haggard
drawn
weary
woeworn
Antonyms: active
bright
cheerful
Related words: apathetic
cheerless
grim
inactive
quiet
sad
scrawny
slow
stern
Derived words: haggardly
haggardness
Translations:
zero-sum
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
engineering
game-theory
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Of a system, where all gains are offset by exactly equal losses.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Dalio is right, but somewhat self-serving. If hedge-fund managers are playing a zero-sum game, what is their social utility? […] Can it really be in America’s interest to have so much of its young talent playing a zero-sum game?
When disorder reigns, humanity tends toward an extraction system. This kind of existence is one of low trust and zero-sum, where people are replaceable, the past is overlooked, and those who react quickly prevail.
Translations: