yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
sandbox
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Topics: computing
engineering
government
mathematics
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
rail-transport
railways
sciences
transport
war
Etymology: From sand + box.
Compound parts: sand
box
Inflected forms:
form: sandboxes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: sand box
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: sand-box
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: sandboxes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: sandboxing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: sandboxed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: sandboxed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: sand box
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: sand-box
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A children's play area consisting of a box filled with sand.
pos: noun
tags: Canada
US
examples: Her children were playing in the sandbox.
gloss: A box filled with sand that is shaped to form a mould for metal casting.
pos: noun
gloss: A container for sand or pounce, used historically before blotting paper.
pos: noun
gloss: An animal's litter box.
pos: noun
gloss: A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs onto the rails in front of the driving wheels, to prevent slipping.
pos: noun
examples: For the most part they were small standard gauge 0-6-0 side tanks of the type illustrated, with long tapered chimneys and an unusual feature for the Continent in the shape of domeless boilers, the protuberance just behind the chimney being a sandbox.
gloss: An isolated area where a program can be executed with a restricted portion of the resources available.
pos: noun
examples: Running a program in a sandbox can prevent it from doing any damage to the system.
gloss: A page on a wiki where users are free to experiment without destroying or damaging any legitimate content.
pos: noun
gloss: The Middle East.
pos: noun
tags: US
slang
gloss: To restrict (a program, etc.) by placing it in a sandbox.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Although you can use standard JavaScript and AJAX in sandboxed iframe pages to your heart's content, the Facebook Platform places restrictions over the amount of scripting capabilities you can add to the more tightly integrated FBML pages.
gloss: To brainstorm; to prototype.
pos: verb
tags: broadly
intransitive
transitive
examples: Their team has been sandboxing some ideas recently.
Synonyms: sandpit:
Related words: sand dome
Derived words: sandbox game
sandbox tree
sandboxer
unsandboxed
Translations:
input
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: From Middle English inputten, equivalent to in- + put.
Base: put
Affixes: in-
Inflected forms:
form: inputs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: imput
pos: noun
tags: alternative
nonstandard
form: inputs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: inputting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: input
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: input
pos: verb
tags: past
form: inputted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: inputted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: imput
pos: verb
tags: alternative
nonstandard
Senses:
gloss: The act or process of putting in; infusion.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: That which is put in, as in an amount.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Contribution of work or information, as an opinion or advice.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: You can provide input via this form.
gloss: Data fed into a process with the intention of it shaping or affecting the output of that process.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: sound input
gloss: An input jack.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: model with A/V input
gloss: To put in; put on.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: "Following the removal of the Golborne Link from the current Bill and, given the direct importance of maintaining the benefits that the Golborne Link would have delivered for Scotland, the Transport Minister has sought and received confirmation from the UK Minister of State for Transport that Scottish Government Officials will input to the consideration being given to the alternative."
gloss: To enter data.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The user inputs his date of birth and the computer displays his age.
An artificial-intelligence application called Sudowrite wrote the paragraph above. I inputted the text of the first section of “The Metamorphosis” and then pressed a button called Wormhole. The computer composed the continuation.
"The timetable is then produced using a desktop publishing package with data inputted manually, and the files then sent to the editor, Chris Woodcock, for proof-reading and conversion to PDF format.
gloss: To accept data that is entered.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The program inputs a value for the integer variable num and compares it with the constant integer limit.
Related words: output
Derived words: comprehensible input
input arm
input device
input field
input method
input method editor
input neuron
input-output section
input-output table
inputtable
inputter
misinput
noninput
reinput
Translations:
inset
Part of speech: verb
noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: business
communications
electrical-engineering
engineering
mining
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
telecommunications
Etymology: From Middle English insetten, from Old English insettan (“to set in, institute, appoint”), equivalent to in- + set. Cognate with Dutch inzetten (“to insert, set in”), Low German insetten (“to set in”), German einsetzen (“to insert, employ”), Danish indsætte (“to insert”), Swedish insätta (“to inset, induct, institute”), Icelandic innsetja (“to install”).
Base: set
Affixes: in-
Inflected forms:
form: insets
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: insetting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: inset
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: inset
pos: verb
tags: past
form: insetted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: insetted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: insets
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: further inset
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: farther inset
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: furthest inset
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: farthest inset
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: To set in; infix or implant.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To insert something.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To add an inset to something.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: A smaller thing set into a larger thing, such as a small picture inside a larger one.
pos: noun
examples: a map of the whole state with city maps as insets
The inset of figure 1 shows the geometry of the samples.
gloss: Anything inserted.
pos: noun
gloss: A small piece of material used to strengthen a garment.
pos: noun
gloss: A modular microphone that can be removed from a telephone handset without disassembly.
pos: noun
examples: Microphone insets can deteriorate and older examples may produce a permanent frying noise.
gloss: An opening partway down a shaft, giving access to the intermediate levels.
pos: noun
gloss: Having been inset.
pos: adj
examples: the inset diamonds
the inset liners
Translations:
drunken
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English drunken, ydronken, idrunken, from Old English druncen, ġedruncen (“drunk; drunken”), from Proto-Germanic *drunkanaz (“drunken”), past participle of Proto-Germanic *drinkaną (“to drink”), equivalent to drink + -en. Cognate with West Frisian dronken (“drunk; drunken”), Dutch dronken (“drunk; drunken”), German betrunken (“drunk; drunken”), Swedish drucken (“drunk; drunken”).
Base: drink
Affixes: -en
Inflected forms:
form: more drunken
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most drunken
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Drunk, in the state of intoxication after having drunk an alcoholic beverage.
pos: adj
examples: What shall we do with a drunken sailor? […] / Put him in the longboat and make him bail her / Early in the morning.
I ask now to put faces to those names and remove all doubt that the songs I've heard sung in your honor were not a drunken bard's attempt to make a few extra coins. This mission is dire and the reward shall fit you well.[…]
gloss: Given to habitual excessive use of alcohol.
pos: adj
tags: derogatory
gloss: Characterized by or resulting from drunkenness.
pos: adj
examples: a drunken display of crude exuberance
Surviving pictures of the accident show the two locomotives leaning at drunken angles, still covered with flags and evergreens—a mixture of comedy and tragedy.
gloss: Saturated with liquid
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
gloss: Saturated with liquid
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
examples: drunken noodles; drunken duck; drunken fried rice
Synonyms: drunk
Derived words: drelfie
drunken boxing
drunken chicken
drunkendom
drunken driving
Drunken Knight Opening
drunkenly
drunkenness
drunken noodles
drunkenship
drunken shrimp
drunkensome
drunken trees
drunken words are sober thoughts
nondrunken
overdrunken
undrunken
Translations:
implied
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more implied
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most implied
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Suggested without being stated directly; implicated or hinted at.
pos: adj
examples: her implied disapproval of the plan
Antonyms: verbal
express
Translations:
infer
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin inferō, from Latin in- (“in, at, on; into”) + Latin ferō (“bear, carry; suffer”) (cognate to Old English beran, whence English bear), from Proto-Italic *ferō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (“to bear, carry”), from the root *bʰer-. Literally “carry forward”, equivalent to “bear in”, as in concluding from a premise. Doublet of inbear.
Inflected forms:
form: infers
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: inferring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: inferred
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: inferred
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To introduce (something) as a reasoned conclusion; to conclude by reasoning or deduction, as from premises or evidence.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: It is dangerous to infer too much from martial bluster in British politics: at the first hint of trouble, channelling Churchill is a default tactic for beleaguered leaders of all sorts.
gloss: To lead to (something) as a consequence; to imply.
pos: verb
tags: often
proscribed
transitive
examples: a. 1535, Thomas More, letter to Fryth
the fyrste parte is not the proofe of the second. but rather contrarywyse the seconde inferreth well yͤ fyrst.
This doth infer the zeal I had to see him.
These and a thousand like propositions, which concurre in this purpose, do evidently inferre [translating sonnent] some thing beyond patient expecting of death it selfe to be suffered in this life[…].
gloss: To cause, inflict (something) upon or to someone.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: faire Serena[…]fled fast away, afeard / Of villany to be to her inferd[…].
gloss: To introduce (a subject) in speaking, writing etc.; to bring in, to adduce.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: Full well hath Clifford played the orator, / Inferring arguments of mighty force.
Related words: -ferous
illation
illative
Derived words: inferability
inferable
inference
inferrable
inferral
inferrer
misinfer
reinfer
subinfer
uninferant
Translations:
inferred
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more inferred
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most inferred
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
pos: adj
tags: no-gloss
Translations:
twaddle
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: An alteration of twattle (1556), of unknown origin.
Inflected forms:
form: twaddles
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: twoddle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: twaddles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: twaddling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: twaddled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: twaddled
pos: verb
tags: past
form: twoddle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Empty or silly idle talk or writing; nonsense, rubbish.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: You're talking a load of twaddle. Get your facts straight, man!
Still, being unfortunate enough to belong to that small but respectable minority who regard Mr. Tupper's versicular philosophy as superficial and conceited twaddle,—as a new manifestation to these latter days of weakness and sentimentalism under the solemn form of the Oracular,[…].
"What ineffable twaddle!" I cried, slapping the magazine down on the table; "I never read such rubbish in my life."
I would rather be rude than to listen to twaddle from a man I’ve known.
It was her other self who had written that letter. It not only bored, it rather disgusted her real self. "Flippant and silly," said her real self. Yet she knew that she'd send it and she'd always write that kind of twaddle to Nan Pym.
I improvised for three or four minutes, speaking complete twaddle in character.
gloss: One who twaddles; a twaddler.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: To talk or write nonsense; to prattle.
pos: verb
examples: To Edward […] he was terrible, nerve-inflaming, poisonously asphyxiating. He sat rocking himself in the late Mr. Churchill's swing chair, smoking and twaddling.
Translations:
interbreed
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér
Proto-Italic *n̥ter
Latin inter
Latin inter-bor.
English inter-
English breed
English interbreed
From inter- + breed.
Inflected forms:
form: interbreeds
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: interbreeding
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: interbred
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: interbred
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To breed or reproduce within an isolated community.
pos: verb
gloss: To breed or reproduce within a heterogenous community, the products of which produce hybrids.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: The rypes and our red grouse are identically the same bird, though disease has never been known in the former, and even interbreeding with the red grouse, to the limited extent they are ever likely to do, should do more good than harm.
The city's two-inch Environmental Review Technical Manual instructs regulators to consider adverse environmental impacts on "any subspecies" or "any distinct population segment . . . which interbreeds when mature."
The rock dove has so interbred with the feral pigeons from doocots and racing pigeon lofts that, as a pure species, it may possibly now be extinct in Britain.
In the wild, deer mice and oldfield mice never interbreed.
Derived words: interbreeder
Translations:
polygamy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
zoology
Etymology: Recorded since 1591, from Late Latin polygamia, from Ancient Greek πολυγαμία (polugamía), itself from πολύγαμος (polúgamos, “married to many”), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + γάμος (gámos, “marriage”). Relates to modern prefix and suffix poly- + -gamy.
Affixes: poly-
-gamy
Inflected forms:
form: polygamies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The condition of having more than one spouse or marriage partner at one time.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Are there countries where polygamy is legal for both men and women?
Miss Griffin was a model of propriety, and I am at a loss to imagine what the feelings of the virtuous woman would have been, if she had known, when she paraded us down the Hampstead Road two and two, that she was walking with a stately step at the head of Polygamy and Mahomedanism.
gloss: Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”).
pos: noun
tags: countable
especially
often
uncountable
examples: Though Islam allows polygamy, it is frowned upon in many contemporary Muslim societies.
Because Mormon polygamy was an unusual family form in nineteenth-century America […]
gloss: The state or habit of having more than one sexual mate.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: An insect queen actually practices polygamy only one day, while for an alpha-male defending his harem is the very essence of both his status and polygamy.
gloss: The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect and unisexual flowers.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: concubine
harem
seraglio
Derived words: antipolygamy
polygamic
polygamical
polygamious
polygamist
polygamize
polygamous
serial polygamy
Translations:
interweave
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér
Proto-Italic *n̥ter
Latin inter
Latin inter-bor.
English inter-
English weave
English interweave
From inter- + weave.
Inflected forms:
form: interweaves
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: interweaving
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: interwove
pos: verb
tags: past
form: interweaved
pos: verb
tags: nonstandard
past
form: interwoven
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: interweaved
pos: verb
tags: nonstandard
participle
past
Senses:
gloss: To combine (things) through weaving.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To intermingle.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Derived words: interweavement
interweaver
interweavingly
Translations:
kneel
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English knelen, from Old English cnēowlian (“to kneel”), equivalent to knee + -le. Cognate with Dutch knielen, Low German knelen, dialectal German knielen, Alemannic German chnüle, Danish knæle, all meaning “to kneel”.
Base: knee
Affixes: -le
Inflected forms:
form: kneels
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: kneeling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: knelt
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: knelt
pos: verb
tags: past
form: kneeled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: kneeled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To rest on one's bent knees, sometimes only one; to move to such a position.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped ; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs kneeling on the hearth and heaping kindling on the coals, and her pretty little Alsatian maid beside her, laying a log across the andirons.
gloss: To sink down so that the entrance is level with the pavement, making it easier for passengers to enter.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To cause to kneel.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: She knelt the doll to fit it into the box.
Raising the girl with unexpected strength, she bore her towards the chapel, the firesparks flickered in her eyes, as she knelt her burden against the altar step.
Kneel him down and stick his head in. No, don't let him up, just hold him there.
He took the wife in his car to the piney woods outside town, and knelt her down.
gloss: To rest on (one's) knees.
pos: verb
tags: archaic
reflexive
examples: He knelt him down to pray.
Just when the damsel kneeled herself to pray.
Derived words: kneel before
kneeler
kneeling bus
kneeling chair
kneelo
Translations:
knitted
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Made by knitting.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
horseshit
Part of speech: noun
intj
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From horse + shit.
Compound parts: horse
shit
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Synonym of bullshit (figurative senses).
pos: noun
tags: slang
uncountable
vulgar
examples: That scumbag dumped a whole carload of horseshit over his associates.
gloss: Synonym of bullshit (figurative senses).
pos: noun
tags: slang
uncountable
vulgar
examples: He thinks vinegar is alkaline? Don't you realize that's horseshit?
gloss: Synonym of bullshit (figurative senses).
pos: noun
tags: slang
uncountable
vulgar
examples: He claims that he wasn't at that meeting? Don't you realize that's horseshit?
gloss: Horse feces / manure.
pos: noun
tags: literally
uncountable
examples: A huge one. It was my job to mix the horseshit in with the soil. Great big wheelbarrows full of horseshit. We used to drive around to farms that had horses and ask them if we could shovel up their horseshit.
The aroma was a mix of cedar, hay and horseshit but somehow, Betty found it pleasantly intoxicating.
gloss: Synonym of bullshit.
pos: intj
tags: slang
vulgar
examples: He says he'll pay up next week.
 Horseshit!
Related words: horseload
load of shit
bullshit
chickenshit
you can't put the shit back in the horse
Translations:
known
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwen (past participle).
Morphologically know + -n.
Base: know
Affixes: -n
Inflected forms:
form: better known
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: best known
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: knowne
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: knowns
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Identified as a specific type; famous, renowned.
pos: adj
examples: He was a known pickpocket.
Being not knowne, some great persons in the pew I pretended to, and went in, did question my coming in.
gloss: Accepted, familiar, researched.
pos: adj
examples: At the time, Einstein's theory was unknown to most other scientists.
As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. The reason plaque forms isn’t entirely known, but it seems to be related to high levels of cholesterol inducing an inflammatory response, which can also attract and trap more cellular debris over time.
gloss: Any fact or situation which is known or familiar.
pos: noun
examples: You have to tell the knowns from the unknowns.
The biological dereplication tool may identify major knowns in a mixture, but it may miss novel minor components.
gloss: A constant or variable the value of which is already determined.
pos: noun
Derived words: aforeknown
beknown
better known as
knownless
knownness
last known good
officially known as
preknown
underknown
Translations:
lightning
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From light(e)n + -ing. Doublet of lightening.
Base: lighten
Affixes: -ing
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Extremely fast or sudden; moving (as if) at the speed of lightning.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: The insurgents then began their lightning advance along the Euphrates in the Sunni heartland toward Baghdad.
Translations:
euphemism
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Recorded since 1656; from Ancient Greek εὐφημισμός (euphēmismós), from εὐφημίζω (euphēmízō), from εὔφημος (eúphēmos, “uttering sound of good omen, abstaining from inauspicious words”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + φήμη (phḗmē, “a voice, a prophetic voice, rumor, talk”), from φημί (phēmí, “to speak, say”).
Inflected forms:
form: euphemisms
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The use of a word or phrase to replace another one that is more offensive, blunt or vulgar.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Akin to it [litotes] is euphemism, which may be applied to the same purpose.
In 1946, George Orwell addressed the relationship of language to reality and suggested that euphemism, not imperfect analogy, was the real danger. If we don’t use shocking language to describe a shocking circumstance, can we truly recognize what is happening?
gloss: A word or phrase that replaces another in this way.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: When it is said of the martyr St. Stephen, that “he fell asleep,” instead of—he died, the euphemism partakes of the nature of metaphor, intimating a resemblance between sleep and the death of such a person.
Euphemistic language turns up in many areas of American life in a variety of situations. Not all euphemisms are alike, but they have one thing in common: They obscure meaning rather than enhance it; they shade the truth.
Synonyms: perfumed terms of the time
Antonyms: dysphemism
expletive
Related words: euphemistic
pseudonym
Derived words: euphemism treadmill
malphemism
youthemism
Translations:
laid
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Marked with parallel lines, as if ribbed, from wires in the mould.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
led
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Under somebody's control or leadership.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Under somebody's control or leadership.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Derived words: led captain
led horse
market-led
unled
Translations:
diction
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
Etymology: From late Middle English diccion (“something said; a word or phrase”) (an obsolete sense in Modern English), borrowed directly from Latin dictiō (“a saying, speaking, uttering”) or from Old French dicïon (“word”) (Anglo-Norman dictyoun), from Late Latin dictiō (“word”), both from dīcō (“to say, to talk”) + -tiō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, to point out”).
The modern senses of “choice and use of words” and “clarity of word choice” were likely influenced by additional senses of dictiō.
Base: dīcō
Affixes: -tiō
Inflected forms:
form: dictions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Choice and use of words, especially with regard to effective communication.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the identification of the poetic impulse with sonorous diction
gloss: The effectiveness and degree of clarity of word choice and expression.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: His poor diction meant that most of the audience didn't really understand the key points of the presentation.
gloss: Enunciation, pronunciation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: dictate
dictation
dictionary
dictum
articulation
elocution
prosody
Derived words: dictional
Translations:
gerund
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin gerundium, from gerendus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).
Inflected forms:
form: gerunds
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. (In English, a gerund has the same spelling as a present participle, but functions differently; however, this distinction may be ambiguous or unclear and so is no longer made in some modern texts such as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language)
pos: noun
examples: Compounds in which gerunds are the second element look exactly like compounds in which present participles are the second element, but different principles of hyphenation apply.
Like any noun, the gerund functions as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, or predicate nominative. The gerund phrase is made up of the present participle ("-ing") and can contain an object and/or a modifier (and sometimes many modifiers). The gerund is a verbal noun.
Gerunds and gerund phrases are always nouns, so they are always predicate nominatives when used as complements. Do be careful to distinguish progressive-tense verbs from gerunds used as subjective complements.
gloss: In some languages such as Dutch, Italian or Russian, a verbal form similar to a present participle, but functioning as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tense. These constructions have various names besides gerund, depending on the language, such as conjunctive participles, active participles, adverbial participles, transgressives, etc.
pos: noun
examples: The Spanish gerund is quite unlike the English -ing form (‘walking’, ‘replying’, ‘saying’, etc.), which can function as a gerund, a present participle, a noun or an adjective; and it is also unlike the French form ending in -ant, which covers the functions of both the Spanish gerund and the adjectival form in -ante, -(i)ente discussed at 19.4.
Related words: gerundial
gerundive
Derived words: gerundal
gerund-grinder
gerund-grinding
gerundization
gerundize
gerund-participle
Translations:
learned
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: law
Etymology: From Middle English lerned, lernd, lernyd, equivalent to learn + -ed, which replaced the earlier lered (“taught”), from Old English (ġe)lǣred, past participle of lǣran (“to teach”). Learn formerly had the meaning “to teach”, which is now found only in nonstandard speech, as well as its standard meaning of “to learn”.
Base: learn
Affixes: -ed
Inflected forms:
form: more learned
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most learned
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: learnèd
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: learnéd
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Having much learning, knowledgeable, erudite; highly educated.
pos: adj
examples: the learned Merlin, well could tell, / Vnder what coast of heauen the man did dwell […]
My learned Brother Cresswell directed the jury to make the calculation […]
The book opens with the Time Traveler dining with learned peers in late 1800s England, where he is trying to convince them that he has invented a time machine.
HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW used to be both the best-known poet in the English-speaking world and the most beloved, adored by the learned and the lowly ...
gloss: A courteous description used in various ways to refer to lawyers or judges.
pos: adj
tags: formal
gloss: Scholarly, exhibiting scholarship.
pos: adj
examples: But our limits will not permit us to discuss the many important and curious questions respecting the science of government, to which this learned work invites attention.
Synonyms: academical
clueful
cultivated
educated
erudite
in the know
knowledgeable
knowledgeful
knowsome
learned
savvy
scholarly
smart
sussed
switched on
up on
well-informed
Antonyms: ignorant
uncultivated
simple
innate
Related words: intelligent
wily
wise
knowledge
Translations:
lend
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From earlier len (with excrescent -d, as in sound), from Middle English lenen, lænen, from Old English lǣnan (“to lend; give, grant, lease”), from Proto-West Germanic *laihnijan, from Proto-Germanic *laihnijaną (“to loan”), from Proto-Germanic *laihną (“loan”), from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave, leave over”).
Cognate with Scots len, lend (“to lend”), West Frisian liene (“to lend, borrow, loan”), Dutch lenen (“to lend, borrow, loan”), Danish låne (“to lend, loan”), Swedish låna (“to lend, loan”), Icelandic lána (“to lend, loan”), Icelandic léna (“to grant”), Latin linquō (“quit, leave, forlet”), Ancient Greek λείπω (leípō, “leave, release”). See also loan.
Inflected forms:
form: lends
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: lending
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: lent
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: lent
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To allow to be used by someone temporarily, on condition that it or its equivalent will be returned.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: I will only lend you my car if you fill up the tank.
Where is that hundred euros I lent you months ago?
Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. Those that want to borrow are matched with those that want to lend.
gloss: To make a loan.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To be suitable or applicable, to fit.
pos: verb
tags: reflexive
examples: Poems do not lend themselves to translation easily.
The long history of the past does not lend itself to a simple black and white interpretation.
gloss: To afford; to grant or furnish in general.
pos: verb
examples: Can you lend me some assistance?
The famous director lent his name to the new film.
[…] Cato, lend me for a vvhile thy Patience, / And condeſcend to hear a young Man ſpeak.
Mountain lines and distant horizons lend space and largeness to his compositions.
FORSEA absolutely condemns the political manipulation on the part of the junta, General Prayuth, the Thai Senate and the parties that lent their support for General Prayuth that led him to parliamentary victory.
gloss: To borrow.
pos: verb
tags: proscribed
Synonyms: lease
lend
let
loan
Antonyms: borrow
call
sell
Related words: give back
loan
pay back
lender
Derived words: forelend
forlend
have a lend of someone
interlend
lease-lend
lendability
lendable
lend a hand
lend an ear
lendee
lender
lend itself to
lend-lease
lend to believe
nonlending
onlend
overlend
relend
Translations:
lied
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
Etymology: Borrowed from German Lied (“song”). Doublet of leed, which was inherited by Old English lēoþ (“poem”).
Inflected forms:
form: lieder
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An art song, usually sung solo in German and accompanied on the piano.
pos: noun
Translations:
participle
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English participle, from Old French participle (1388), variant of participe, from Latin participium.
Inflected forms:
form: participles
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A form of a verb that may function as an adjective, noun or adverb. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In other languages, there are others, such as future, perfect, and future perfect participles.
pos: noun
Translations:
lit
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Alteration of earlier light, from Middle English lighte, from Old English līhtte, first and third person singular preterite of līhtan (“to light”), by analogy with bit. More at light; compare fit (“fought”).
This form was proscribed during the 18th and 19th centuries, with lighted being preferred, but is now the most common past form of light.
Inflected forms:
form: more lit
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most lit
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Illuminated.
pos: adj
examples: He walked down the lit corridor.
gloss: Drunk, intoxicated; under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
pos: adj
tags: slang
examples: True to my word last night, I got very lit.
gloss: Sexually aroused, (especially) visibly so.
pos: adj
tags: slang
usually
gloss: Exciting, captivating; fun.
pos: adj
tags: slang
examples: This party is gonna be lit.
DJ sets so lit the dance floor's dripping with sweat?
If indie punk, pop-punk, post-punk, and emo happen to be your bag, this early-week show at Paper Tiger is gonna be lit.
New Year's Eve is once a year and it's gonna be lit.
gloss: Excellent, fantastic; cool.
pos: adj
tags: slang
examples: Those jeans are lit.
[…] will keep your feet looking lit this summer thanks to the Trainer Exchange.
At his Upper East Side office, the talented doctor has a very lit and elegant office, where art canvasses the walls.
The fourth article is all about autumnal leaf photography tips to get our Instagram photos looking lit.
Derived words: backlit
candlelit
dim-lit
earthlit
fairy-lit
firelit
gaslit
gas-lit
half lit
headlit
illlit
ill-lit
lamplit
litty
lit up
matchlit
moonlit
moon-lit
oil-lit
skylit
snowlit
starlit
strip-lit
sunlit
toplit
torchlit
underlit
unlit
well-lit
Translations:
lighted
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more lighted
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most lighted
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Filled with light; illuminated.
pos: adj
Translations:
inflect
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: entertainment
grammar
human-sciences
lifestyle
linguistics
music
sciences
Etymology: From Latin īnflectō, from in- (“in”) + flectō (“to bend”).
Inflected forms:
form: inflects
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: inflecting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: inflected
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: inflected
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To cause to curve inwards.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To change the tone or pitch of the voice when speaking or singing.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The actress has a great skill of being able to inflect her voice to any situation.
gloss: To vary the form of a word to express tense, gender, number, mood, etc.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To be varied in the form to express tense, gender, number, mood, etc.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: In Latin, adjectives and nouns inflect a lot, but inflection is minimally found in Modern English.
Related words: conjugate
decline
deflect
Derived words: inflectable
inflection
inflective
inflexion
misinflect
noninflecting
Translations:
natter
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From a Northern England dialectal variant of gnatter (also knatter) ("to chatter, grumble; nibble away at"), ultimately of imitative origin. Cognate with German Low German gnattern (“to mumble, grumble, be grouchy”).
Inflected forms:
form: natters
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: nattering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: nattered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: nattered
pos: verb
tags: past
form: natters
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To talk casually; to discuss unimportant matters.
pos: verb
tags: colloquial
examples: What are you guys nattering about? You're clearly not following the meeting!
gloss: To nag.
pos: verb
tags: Scotland
gloss: Mindless and irrelevant chatter.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
Derived words: natterer
nattersome
nattery
Translations:
drivel
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English dravel, dribil, a deverbal from drevelen, drivelen (Etymology 2).
Inflected forms:
form: drivels
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: drivels
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: driveling
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
present
form: drivelling
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
present
form: driveled
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
past
form: driveled
pos: verb
tags: US
past
form: drivelled
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
past
form: drivelled
pos: verb
tags: UK
past
Senses:
gloss: Nonsense; senseless talk.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: “You pay too much attention to such insipid drivel in even mentioning it.”
But what drivel I am writing! It is just an attempt to pass the weary time.
A ray of light amid all this nonsense was Gwyn Topham's piece in the Guardian, which was timely, measured, accurate and of appropriate tone. That this single report stood out so clearly as an exemplar is a scathing comment in itself on the volumes of drivel surrounding it.
“Yeah, wading down into the comments. "Winsomely compelling cop-aganda," says C-Rob-69. Oh, wait, that was me.” “Drivel for the unwashed. The Bard, how he weeps.”
gloss: Saliva, drool.
pos: noun
tags: countable
rare
uncountable
examples: He pauses as I wipe the drivel from his chin.
He wiped drivel from his chin with a stubby forearm.
She wipes some drivel from his chin with a Kleenex, which she throws away in the bin, then sits and clasps his hand in hers.
gloss: To talk nonsense; to talk senselessly; to drool.
pos: verb
gloss: To have saliva drip from the mouth.
pos: verb
tags: archaic
intransitive
gloss: To be weak or foolish; to dote.
pos: verb
examples: This drivelling love is like a great natural, that runs lolling up and down to hide his bauble in a hole.
driveling dotard
Derived words: drivelous
bedrivel
driveler
driveller
drivelingly
drivellingly
Translations:
baloney
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Phonetic spelling of bologna.
Inflected forms:
form: baloneys
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: boloney
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bologna
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: polony
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A type of sausage; bologna.
pos: noun
tags: countable
informal
uncountable
Translations:
hooey
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Possibly related to phooey, possibly a euphemism for horseshit, or possibly from Ukrainian or Russian хуй (xuj). Compare hooie (interjection) and German hui.
Inflected forms:
form: hooie
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Silly talk or writing; nonsense, silliness, or fake assertion(s).
pos: noun
tags: slang
uncountable
examples: I heard his speech. It sounded like a whole lot of hooey to me.
Frankly, I cannot imagine that the global political community cares very much how we spell Keelung or Jilong here. Hooey! How Taiwan spells Dunhua or Tunhwa Road does nothing to its national identity, which is and will remain proud and independent. Let us not load what should be practical linguistic matters with such political baggage.
For many doctors, meditation resides in the realm of New Age hooey—okay for Indian yogis and students of Eastern religion, but not suitable for scientific study.
Sheldon Cooper: I did, but I think I've kind of outgrown Star Trek. You know, stock characters, ludicrous plots, beam me up. What a load of hooey.
Dingo: Haha! Sounds like you're scared of ghosts. You know there's no such thing, right?! / Yonny: Well, actually, science has yet to DISprove the existence of ghosts. / Dingo: What? Yon, you're into all this ghost hooey? Really?!
“Jaws 2, 3 and 4, if I had made them, would still have failed,” Spielberg told me, “because of the improbability of a shark that large reoccurring thrice. The audience will accept so much until it becomes hooey.”
Translations:
prattle
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From prate + -le (early modern English frequentative suffix). Compare Dutch pruttelen and Dutch preutelen (“to mutter”).
Base: prate
Affixes: -le
Inflected forms:
form: prattles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: prattling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: prattled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: prattled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To speak incessantly and in an inconsequential or childish manner; to babble.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: And as E. Rushmore Coglan prattled of this little planet I thought with glee of a great almost-cosmopolite who wrote for the whole world and dedicated himself to Bombay.
I looked across at Anna, and I noticed that her eyes had grown strangely blank, without expression. I felt instinctively that the subject brought up by Victor was one she would not have chosen. Victor, insensitive to this, went prattling on.
gloss: Silly, childish talk; babble.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Mere prattle without practice is all his soldiership.
[...] if you fatigue people by haying them always present, if you encourage or repeat their prattle and their sports; [...]
Antonyms: orate
pontificate
speechify
Derived words: prattlebox
prattlement
prattlesome
Translations:
pula
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Tswana pula, Northern Sotho pula, and Sotho pula (“rain”), all from Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.
Inflected forms:
form: pulas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Rain, used as an expression of greeting or good luck.
pos: noun
tags: Southern-Africa
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uncountable
examples: Given under my hand and the Public Seal at Gaborone this 31st day of March, 2020. / PULA!
gloss: The currency of Botswana, divided into 100 thebe.
pos: noun
tags: countable
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Translations:
mishear
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English misheren, from Old English mishȳran, mishīeran (“to hear amiss, not listen to, disobey”), equivalent to mis- + hear.
Base: hear
Affixes: mis-
Inflected forms:
form: mishears
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: mishearing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: misheard
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: misheard
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To hear wrongly.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: I misheard when she asked for mints, and gave her mince instead.
And if any mishear or misutter it, even that also serves, since it warns.
When a slickly handsome drug dealer named Legrand (Michael Beach, in the film's most seductive performance), first meets the teen-ager on the playground, he mishears the name Manigault. "Did he say Nanny Goat?" Legrand asks, explaining the nickname in one quick, witty stroke.
Our report of a relative who, as a child, thought the classic version of the Lord's Prayer began "Our father, a chart in heaven, Harold be thy name" stated that this type of mistake is known as an eggcorn. A number of readers have suggested that instances like this in which a whole phrase rather than just a word is misheard, should be called mondegreens rather than eggcorns.
gloss: To misunderstand.
pos: verb
Related words: lapsus auris
Derived words: mishearer
Translations:
mislay
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English mysse layen, equivalent to mis- + lay.
Base: lay
Affixes: mis-
Inflected forms:
form: mislays
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: mislaying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: mislaid
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: mislaid
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To leave or lay something in the wrong place and then forget where one put it.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He cannot see well, mislays his glasses, and frequently mismends the nets.
gloss: To err in placing something.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
transitive
examples: [F]ire, if it be well and rightly vſed, burneth in the houſe to the good and pꝛofit of the familie: but if miſlayed oꝛ abuſed, burneth the houſe to the vndoing of the inhabitantes: […]
You haue miſ-caſt in your Arithmetike, / Miſ-laid your Counters, groapingly yee ſeeke / In nights blacke darknes for the ſecret things / Seal’d in the Casket of the King of Kings; […]
First, Scio cui credidi, I know whom I have believed in: I have not mislaid my foundation; my foundation is Christ; […]
Oh heavens! her grief miſlayes her noble reaſon, what ſhall we do
This being ſo that Defects and Weakneſs in Mens Underſtandings, as well as other Faculties, come from want of a right uſe of their own Minds, I am apt to think the fault is generally miſlaid upon Nature, and there is often a Complaint of want of Parts when the fault lies in want of a due improvement of them.
Synonyms: misplace
Derived words: mislayal
mislayer
mislaying
Translations:
mislaid
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more mislaid
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most mislaid
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: That cannot be currently found, put in an obscure place, lost - often temporarily.
pos: adj
Translations:
mislead
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English mysleden, from Old English mislǣdan (“to mislead”), from Proto-Germanic *missalaidijaną (“to mislead”). By surface analysis, mis- + lead.
Inflected forms:
form: misleads
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: misleading
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: misled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: misled
pos: verb
tags: past
form: misleads
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To lead astray, in a false direction.
pos: verb
tags: literally
transitive
examples: City of the dead / At the end of another lost highway / Signs misleading to nowhere
gloss: To deceive by telling lies or otherwise giving a false impression.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To deceptively trick into something wrong.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The preacher elaborated Satan's ways to mislead us into sin
gloss: To accidentally or intentionally confuse.
pos: verb
tags: broadly
transitive
gloss: A wrong or bad lead; a leading in the wrong direction.
pos: noun
tags: countable
transitive
uncountable
examples: If all the misleads (incorrect alternatives) are illogical, absurd, or in any way unattractive as possible answers, the student has no difficulty in choosing the correct answer.
gloss: That which is deceptive or untruthful (e.g. a falsehood, deception, untruth, or ruse).
pos: noun
tags: countable
transitive
examples: The skinny body, a mislead to make people think that he was captured by someone and tortured. Even the loud gunshot was a mislead to make them ask questions to common citizens. His long untidy hair, also a mislead.
Antonyms: guide
lead
direct
Derived words: misleadable
misleader
misleading
Translations: