yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
shrubby
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English shrub
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English shrubby
From shrub + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: shrubbier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: shrubbiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of or resembling a shrub.
pos: adj
examples: A shrubby species suitable for beefarming, as it flowers profusely from November-January, and yields both pollen and nectar.
gloss: Planted or covered with shrubs.
pos: adj
Derived words: nonshrubby
semishrubby
shrubbily
shrubbiness
shrubby boneset
shrubby false buttonweed
shrubby St. John's wort
shrubby tororaro
Translations:
coadjutor
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: ecclesiastical
lifestyle
religion
Etymology: From Middle English coadjutowre, from Old French coadjuteur, borrowed from Late Latin coadiūtōrem, from co- + adiūtor (“helper”), from adiuvō (“to help”) + -tor (agent suffix). By surface analysis, co- + adjutor.
The French derivation gave the accentuation co⁠ˈadjutor (used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge), but the poets generally, since 1600, appear to have coa⁠ˈdjutor, after Latin. No Latin *coadiuvō or *coadiūtō is recorded, but in the modern languages words have been formed on these types, suggested by coadjutor.
Inflected forms:
form: coadjutors
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An assistant or helper.
pos: noun
examples: Then have the lady patronesses and their active coadjutors, whether noble or ignoble, all the work of beating up for recruits to go over again.
The mountaineer, with all his pulses aquiver, looked down into his coadjutor’s white, startled face.
Hitherto I have been but the witness, little more; and I should hardly think now to take another tone, that of your coadjutor, for the time, did I not perceive in you,—at the crisis too—a troubled hesitancy, proceeding, I doubt not, from the clash of military duty with moral scruple—scruple vitalized by compassion.
gloss: An assistant to a bishop.
pos: noun
examples: When old age rendered any Bishop unable to perform his duties, the first example of which occurs AD 211, when Alexander became coadjutor to Narcissus at Jerusalem
August then appointed Prince George III of Anhalt (who was both a theologian and a priest as well as a prince) to be his coadjutor in spiritual matters.
Related words: coadjute
Derived words: bishop coadjutor
coadjutor bishop
coadjutorship
coadjutress
Translations:
coalescent
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Latin coalēscēns, present participle of coalescō. By surface analysis, coalesce + -ent.
Inflected forms:
form: more coalescent
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most coalescent
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: coalescents
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Causing or undergoing coalescence.
pos: adj
gloss: Any agent that causes coalescence.
pos: noun
Translations:
naphthenic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English naphthene
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English naphthenic
From naphthene + -ic.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Of, pertaining to, or derived from a naphthene.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
coauthor
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Latin con-
Latin co-der.
English co-
English author
English coauthor
From co- + author.
Inflected forms:
form: coauthors
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: co-author
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: coauthors
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: coauthoring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: coauthored
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: coauthored
pos: verb
tags: past
form: co-author
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An author who collaborates with another to write something.
pos: noun
examples: Following this trail, we treat our sample coauthor network as a causal graph and, using SDP relaxations, rule out latent homophily as a manifestation of prior shared interest leading to the observed patternedness.
In a 2022 paper, Dr. Baumert and his coauthors pointed out that the algorithms companies use to determine these scores are often proprietary and not scientifically vetted.
“There is strong evidence that 76 known or potential breast carcinogens from food contact materials recently purchased all over the world can be found in people,” said study coauthor Jane Muncke, managing director and chief scientific officer at the Food Packaging Forum, a nonprofit foundation based in Zurich, Switzerland, that focuses on science communication and research.
gloss: To write something in collaboration with another author.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: My intent in writing this book, as was the case in coauthoring Unfit for Command, is to fully document all arguments and contentions I make, extensively footnoting all references, so readers can determine for themselves the truth and validity of the factual claims.
Almost immediately after the video went semiviral, activist Rosa Clemente mobilized a group of women of color to coauthor and sign a statement denouncing the video, calling for XXL to feature anti–sexual violence content and demanding the firing of then–XXL editor-in-chief, Vanessa Satten.⁴²
“It’s a positive outcome if you don’t have to live together after you’ve broken up,” said Natasha Pilkauskas, an associate professor at the University of Michigan who coauthored the study. “It allows people to live in the way they want to be living.”
Translations:
cobbled
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Laid with cobbles.
pos: adj
gloss: Crudely or roughly assembled; put together in an improvised way (as in "cobbled together").
pos: adj
examples: They were the terror of old ladies travelling in omnibuses. Sometimes in the middle of a drive down one of the principal streets, Harry's black face gleamed through the windows of the omnibus, and, instead of entering by the door, he climbed in through the window, singing his wild melodies and his snatches of comic songs in cobbled English as he did so.
Related words: cobbed
Derived words: uncobbled
Translations:
lang: Danish
word: brolagt
lang: Greek
word: λιθόστρωτος
roman: lithóstrotos
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: brosteinlagt
lang: Polish
word: brukowany
lang: Portuguese
word: empedrado
lang: Portuguese
word: pedrado
lang: Romanian
word: pietruit
coquet
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from French coquet (“little cockerel”), from coq (“cockerel”) + -et (“masculine diminutive suffix”).
Inflected forms:
form: coquets
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: coquets
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: coquetting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: coquetted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: coquetted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A flirtatious female; a coquette.
pos: noun
gloss: A flirtatious male.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: To act as a flirt or coquet.
pos: verb
gloss: To waste time; to dally.
pos: verb
gloss: To attempt to attract the notice, admiration, or love of; to treat with a show of tenderness or regard, with a view to deceive and disappoint; to lead on.
pos: verb
examples: November 26, 1725, Jonathan Swift, letter to Alexander Pope
You [are] coquetting a maid of honour.
Derived words: coquettish
Translations:
jojo
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Reportedly coined on the spot by an employee of the Flavor-Crisp pressure fryer company at a Chicago trade show in the early 1960s. The potatoes were used to "clean the grease" between demonstrations of cooking chicken and fish, but customers unexpectedly started eating and enjoying them, leading someone to inquire what they were called.
Inflected forms:
form: jojos
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A seasoned, battered and fried potato wedge.
pos: noun
tags: British-Columbia
Northwestern
US
in-plural
examples: If you're really hungry, be sure to try the wood-fired jojos (potato wedges).
The cheesy jojos threaten to colonize every inch of my appetite but I hold back by only eating them once I am nearly full.
And perhaps George's best (un)kept secret is its fried chicken and jojos, which give Reel M Inn a run for its money.
Translations:
smartness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English smartnesse, smertnesse, equivalent to smart + -ness. Cognate with Middle Dutch smartenisse (“pain, injury, insult, scorn, agony”).
Base: smart
Affixes: -ness
Inflected forms:
form: smartnesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state or quality of being smart, intelligence.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: The state or quality of being smart in appearance.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: The station buildings at Oxton and Lauder have been repainted, and a general air of smartness prevails, marred only by some broken signal spectacles.
gloss: The result or product of being smart.
pos: noun
tags: countable
Translations:
lang: Dutch
word: leepheid
lang: Finnish
word: fiksuus
lang: Greek
word: εξυπνάδα
roman: exypnáda
lang: Hungarian
word: okosság
lang: Irish
word: innealtacht
lang: Irish
word: tagracht
lang: Latin
word: nitor
lang: Malayalam
word: മിടുക്ക്
roman: miṭukkŭ
lang: Portuguese
word: esperteza
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: tapadh
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: до̀мишљато̄ст
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: dòmišljatōst
lang: Spanish
word: tienta
lang: Spanish
word: minerva
sickbed
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English seke bed, equivalent to sick + bed.
Compound parts: sick
bed
Inflected forms:
form: sickbeds
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A bed used by a person who is sick.
pos: noun
gloss: A place for convalescence.
pos: noun
Translations:
sickroom
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From sick + room.
Compound parts: sick
room
Inflected forms:
form: sickrooms
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: sick-room
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A room to be used by someone who is ill.
pos: noun
Translations:
sideswipe
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From side + swipe.
Compound parts: side
swipe
Inflected forms:
form: sideswipes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: side-swipe
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: sideswipes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: sideswiping
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: sideswiped
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: sideswiped
pos: verb
tags: past
form: side-swipe
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A blow with the side of something, such as the side of car that is changing lanes incautiously.
pos: noun
gloss: A catty or sarcastic remark.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
examples: give a sideswipe
receive a sideswipe
Calvin Harris's number-ten hit Acceptable in the 80s is both a wry sideswipe and a celebration of the scene;[…]
gloss: To give a blow with the side, as to strike with the side of a car when turning.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: As he turns left from Central into Jackson he nearly sideswipes a milk truck idling yards out from the kerb.
In her haste, she sideswiped the 4x4 truck that was ahead of her as well as two other cars. “Help!” she yelled as she sped through the orange construction cones. “They're going to kill me!”
Translations:
sight-reader
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From sight + reader.
Compound parts: sight
reader
Inflected forms:
form: sight-readers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A person who is able to sightread.
pos: noun
Translations:
simon-pure
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From the phrase "the real Simon Pure" (the true person or article), from the character Simon Pure (who is impersonated by another, and obliged to prove his identity) in Susanna Centlivre's 1717 play A Bold Stroke for a Wife.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Absolutely pure; genuine, authentic.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: ‘Art says the Prince Consort's bloodline is dreadfully polluted, while Ruthven's is simon-pure.’
Translations:
mummery
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle French momerie, mommerie, from Old French mommer, from momon. By surface analysis, mummer + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: mummeries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Mumming; disguising oneself to perform as a mummer, or to take part in some other festivities or performance.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
literally
uncountable
examples: I say the sewer thought I was dressed to bear a part in the tregetour’s mummery, and so I got admission
gloss: A ridiculous or ostentatious ceremony, formerly especially of a religious nature; extravagant or hypocritical performance.
pos: noun
tags: countable
figuratively
uncountable
examples: The twentieth of September, they are bound
Fast from the midnight watch to pray till morn.—
More would he not disclose, or knew not more.
—What precious mummery!
All this affectation and mummery was in due time overcome, and Zeluco's nuptials with the widow were celebrated in form.
Because it is more simple, and, in its simplicity, becomes sublime to a mind like her's—in my days of darkness I did not like the ceremonies of the church, but classed them with silly mummeries, hardening my heart against that which I did not understand—now you would have no such feelings to contend with...
Why, you unweaned cub, he believes in that mummery a good deal less than I do, and I don't believe in it at all.
Translations:
ciliary
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: anatomy
biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin ciliumbor.
English cilium
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusder.
Middle English -arie
English -ary
English ciliary
From cilium + -ary.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Of, pertaining to or involving cilia.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
relational
examples: ciliary movement
In vitro and animal studies are exploring the effect of M. genitalium infection on the fallopian tube mucosa. Microscopic evidence of ciliary damage was demonstrated in human fallopian tube explants infected with M. genitalium, albeit the damage was more moderate than that seen with C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infection (Figure 2).
gloss: Of or pertaining to the eyelashes.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
relational
gloss: Of or pertaining to the eyelid.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
relational
gloss: Of or pertaining to the ciliary body.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
relational
examples: ciliary muscles
Derived words: anteciliary
ciliary artery
ciliary body
ciliary ganglion
ciliary muscle
ciliary nerve
ciliary process
ciliary processes
ciliary zonule
circumciliary
extraciliary
interciliary
intraciliary
iridociliary
mucociliary
multiciliary
nasociliary
nonciliary
periciliary
postciliary
preciliary
retinociliary
superciliary
supraciliary
Translations:
songbook
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English song boke, from Old English sangbōc (“a music book; songbook”), equivalent to song + book. Compare Saterland Frisian Songbouk (“songbook”), West Frisian sjongboek (“songbook”), Dutch zangboek (“songbook”), German Low German Sangbook (“songbook; hymnbook; hymnal”), German Gesangbuch (“songbook; hymnbook; hymnal”), Danish sangbog (“songbook”), Swedish sångbok (“songbook”), Faroese songbók (“songbook”), Icelandic söngbók (“songbook”).
Base: song
Inflected forms:
form: songbooks
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A book containing songs.
pos: noun
examples: Some of the young folks asked Mrs. Long could they have a sing at her home that Sunday afternoon; she readily agreed, telling them to come early, bring their songbooks, and have a good sing.
In uncritical homage to the heyday of Hollywood musicals, Branagh sets the action in a kind of soundstagey Oxbridge (wittily designed by Tim Harvey) and at crucial moments has his cast spin on their heels and croon American songbook standards by Porter, Kern, Gershwin and company instead of launching into sonnets and masques.
Wondering how else he passed his time, Winifred surveyed the room again, this time without regard for the monetary value of the things she saw. A box of lutestrings. Five songbooks. But no lute.
Translations:
amacrine
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
natural-sciences
Etymology: From a- (“not”) + Ancient Greek μᾰκρός (măkrós, “long”) + -ine.
Inflected forms:
form: amacrines
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Without long processes.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Any cell that does not have a long process.
pos: noun
Translations:
opsin
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: Shortened form of rhodopsin.
From Ancient Greek ὄψις (ópsis, “sight”) + -in.
Base: ὄψις
Affixes: -in
Inflected forms:
form: opsins
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any of a group of light-sensitive proteins in the retina.
pos: noun
examples: Ramirez and Oakley therefore predicted that opsins are present in octopus skin, where they might act as light sensors.
Translations:
retinal
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
medicine
microbiology
natural-sciences
ophthalmology
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English retina
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
▲
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
▲
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English retinal
From retina + -al (“of or pertaining to”).
Base: retina
Affixes: -al
Inflected forms:
form: retinals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of or pertaining to the retina.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
relational
gloss: A yellow to orange aldehyde derived from vitamin A that is formed from rhodopsin by the action of light and in combination with proteins forms the visual pigments of the retinal rods and cones.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
mammalogy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From mammal + -logy, with haplology.
Base: mammal
Affixes: -logy
Inflected forms:
form: mammalogies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The study of mammals.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
Translations:
rhodopsin
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”), due to its pinkish color, and ὄψις (ópsis, “sight”).
Inflected forms:
form: rhodopsins
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A light-sensitive pigment in the rod cells of the retina; it consists of an opsin protein bound to the carotenoid retinal
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
apperceptive
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From appercept(ion) + -ive.
Base: apperception
Affixes: -ive
Inflected forms:
form: more apperceptive
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most apperceptive
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Involving or relating to apperception.
pos: adj
Translations:
coccidioidomycosis
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: From Coccidioides + -o- + mycosis.
Base: Coccidioides
Affixes: -o-
Inflected forms:
form: coccidioidomycoses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An infectious respiratory disease caused by inhalation of the fungus Coccidioides immitis.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Rather better reported are figures for coccidioidomycosis, which is more commonly known as valley fever.
Translations:
needle-sharp
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more needle-sharp
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most needle-sharp
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Very sharp; as sharp as a needle
pos: adj
gloss: very high-pitched.
pos: adj
Translations:
firetrap
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From fire + trap.
Compound parts: fire
trap
Inflected forms:
form: firetraps
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A building that is dangerously flammable and/or has limited emergency exits in which people would be trapped in the event of a fire.
pos: noun
tags: informal
Translations:
fibromyalgia
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: From fibro- (“tissue”) + my- (“muscle”) + -algia (“pain”).
Base: fibro
Affixes: my-
Inflected forms:
form: fibromyalgias
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A condition characterized by chronic pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the muscles, tendons, and joints.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: They have since used the approach to look at the brains of people with fibromyalgia, a mysterious syndrome that causes pain all over the body. Volunteers with fibromyalgia also had more active glial cells in their brains, although this time in the cerebellar cortex and the medulla – regions that are linked to movement and automatic functions like breathing and digestion.
Translations:
teratogenicity
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
teratology
Etymology: Etymology tree
English teratogenic
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ts
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts
Latin -itāsder.
Old French -itebor.
Middle English -ite
English -ity
English teratogenicity
From teratogenic + -ity.
Inflected forms:
form: teratogenicities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The capability to cause malformations or defects to an embryo or foetus.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
Nash
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: Nashes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A former make of American automobile manufactured by Nash Motors, and later American Motors Corporation.
pos: noun
Translations:
ogival
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English ogive
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
▲
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
▲
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English ogival
From ogive + -al.
Inflected forms:
form: more ogival
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most ogival
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Having the curved, pointed shape of an ogive.
pos: adj
gloss: Possessing ogives.
pos: adj
Related words: ogive
Translations:
ich-laut
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From German Ich-Laut, from ich (“I”) (which has this sound in German) + Laut (“sound”).
Inflected forms:
form: ich-lauts
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: the voiceless palatal fricative, /ç/, especially in the context of the German language, but also sometimes otherwise (because it is best known from German)
pos: noun
Translations:
self-effacement
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *swé?
Proto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.
Proto-Germanic *selbaz
Old English self
Old English self-
Middle English self-
English self-
English effacement
English self-effacement
From self- + effacement.
Inflected forms:
form: self-effacements
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of keeping oneself in the background, as in humility.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: John likes to remain unnoticed and does so naturally through the self-effacement found in his personality.
Translations:
anthropic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Originated 1795–1805, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπικός (ánthrōpikós, “pertaining to human”).
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Of or pertaining to mankind or humans, or the period of humanity's existence.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
bloodletting
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: From blood + letting, equal to bloodlet + -ing.
Base: bloodlet
Affixes: -ing
Inflected forms:
form: bloodlettings
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: blood-letting
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The archaic practice of treating illness by removing some blood, believed to be tainted, from the stricken person.
pos: noun
tags: historical
examples: The pungent pain, dyspnœa, cephalalgia, redness of the face, pulsations of the heart, strong and rapid, the pulse full and vibrating, induced M. Peyrade, then attached to that hospital, to practise blood-letting in the arm. It was followed with marked relief.
gloss: The diminishment of any resource with the hope that this will lead to a positive effect.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
examples: Yet another round of corporate bloodletting.
Only when the bankers and industrialists abroad realized that a ferocious class struggle in Germany was raging did they begin to relent somewhat on their economic bloodletting.
gloss: A circumstance, such as a battle, where a large amount of blood is likely to be spilled through violence.
pos: noun
examples: In 1856 Tu Wen-hsiu rose up in rebellion and occupied Ta-li.[...]"The conflict between the Han Chinese and the Moslems began over trifles. It has developed into a tragedy of mutual bloodletting because of poor management by the civil and military officials at Yung-ch'ang county and of Yunnan province. As a result, the mutual killing spread throughout Yunnan. The fault lies not with the people but with the officials."
Related words: bloodlet
Translations:
diminishment
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English diminish
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom
Proto-Italic *-mentom
Latin -mentum
Old French -mentbor.
Middle English -ment
English -ment
English diminishment
From diminish + -ment.
Inflected forms:
form: diminishments
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of diminishing; reducing in size, quantity, or quality.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: They also shewed forth the letters which hee had sent to the Duke of Irelande, to leuie an armie vnto theyr destruction. Likewise the letters which the Frenche king had written to him conteyning a safe conducte for him to come into Fraunce, there to confyrme things to the diminishment of his honor, to the decay of his power, and losse of his fame.
1902, G. K. Chesterton, “The Characteristics of Robert Louis Stevenson” in G. K. Chesterton and William Robertson Nicoll, Robert Louis Stevenson, London: Hodder and Stoughton, p. 9,
All great men possess in themselves the qualities which will certainly lay them open to censure and diminishment; but these inevitable deficiencies in the greatness of great men vary in the widest degree of variety.
1929, William Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury, New York: Vintage, 1946, Appendix, “Quentin,” p. 424,
[…] this was Jason’s rage, the red unbearable fury which on that night and at intervals recurring with little or no diminishment for the next five years, made him seriously believe would at some unwarned instant destroy him […]
I think the Western tradition has been a marvelous, wonderful tradition. But it’s not the only tradition full of great ideas. And I’m not talking about any diminishment of standards. Even by the most conservative notion of what is good and bad, we will find excellence in other cultures, like the great Indian cultures, the great Chinese cultures, the great African cultures.
The impact on rural communities of rail closures was acute, but I would argue that the worst outcome it created was the long-term diminishment of suburban capacity outside London, which has had a far more insidious effect on rail usage nationally.
Translations:
potholed
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English pothole
English -ed
English potholed
From pothole + -ed.
Inflected forms:
form: more potholed
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most potholed
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Having potholes in its surface
pos: adj
examples: Beside these, the late 19th-century rows of tiny wooden “shotgun” cottages along potholed or unpaved roads exhibit an architectural dignity that is only a part of their eloquence.
Translations:
unpaved
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Germanic *un-
Proto-West Germanic *un-
Old English un-
Middle English un-
English un-
English paved
English unpaved
From un- + paved.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Not having a hard, impervious surface; not paved
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Dr Baron Howard remarks, that in such quarters ‘whole streets are unpaved, and without drains or main-sewers; are worn into deep ruts and holes, in which water constantly stagnates; . . .
Which suggests that the man in the middle of what will be the planet’s splashiest shindig this weekend far prefers the stillness and privacy he finds about 1,500 miles away from London, on unpaved roads and rugged woods near the Carpathian Mountains.
Translations:
reelect
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
English elect
English reelect
From re- + elect.
Inflected forms:
form: reelects
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: reelecting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: reelected
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: reelected
pos: verb
tags: past
form: re-elect
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: reëlect
pos: verb
tags: alternative
dated
Senses:
gloss: To elect for a second or subsequent time.
pos: verb
examples: Voters in Omaha were set to make history Tuesday by either reelecting the city’s first female mayor to a rare fourth term or electing the community’s first Black mayor.
Translations:
pitchy
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English pycchy, pychy, equivalent to pitch + -y.
Base: pitch
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: pitchier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: pitchiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of, pertaining to, or resembling pitch.
pos: adj
gloss: Very dark black; pitch-black.
pos: adj
examples: Mancunium, Manceaster, what we now call Manchester, spins no cotton […] The Creek of the Mersey gurgles, twice in the four-and-twenty hours, with eddying brine, clangorous with sea-fowl; and is a Lither-Pool, a lazy or sullen Pool, no monstrous pitchy City, and Seahaven of the world!
In front of me the road became pitchy black as though it was tarred, and I saw a contorted shape lying across the pathway.
But each time the night over the hills remained pitchy black. Then the rain came on more heavily again.
To make it worse, something went wrong wit the Glow-worm's lighting system, and the room was in pitchy darkness.
Derived words: pitchily
pitchiness
Translations:
dabbing
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: dabbings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act by which something is dabbed.
pos: noun
examples: About 10 o'clock A.M. the second dabbing or washing was repeated, and was this time extended above the knees. Two more dabbings followed in the course of the day […]
Translations:
coset
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: algebra
group-theory
mathematics
sciences
Etymology: From co- + set; apparently first used 1910 by American mathematician George Abram Miller.
Base: set
Affixes: co-
Inflected forms:
form: cosets
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The set that results from applying a group's binary operation with a given fixed element of the group on each element of a given subgroup.
pos: noun
examples: 1970 [Addison Wesley], Frederick W. Byron, Robert W. Fuller, Mathematics of Classical and Quantum Physics, Volumes 1-2, Dover, 1992, page 597,
Theorem 10.5. The collection consisting of an invariant subgroup H and all its distinct cosets is itself a group, called the factor group of G, usually denoted by G/H. (Remember that the left and right cosets of an invariant subgroup are identical.) Multiplication of two cosets aH and bH is defined as the set of all distinct products z = xy, with x ∈ aH and y ∈ bH; the identity element of the factor group is the subgroup H itself.
1982 [Stanley Thornes], Linda Bostock, Suzanne Chandler, C. Rourke, Further Pure Mathematics, Nelson Thornes, 2002 Reprint, page 614,
In general, the coset in row x consists of all the elements xh as h runs through the various elements of H.
Example 3. Let G#61;#92;mathbb#123;Z#125; (the operation is #43;), H#61;2#92;mathbb#123;Z#125;. Then the coset 1#43;2#92;mathbb#123;Z#125; is the set of integers of the form 1#43;2k where k runs through all elements of #92;mathbb#123;Z#125;.
Translations:
eka-boron
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: From eka- + boron: the name given by Dmitri Mendeleev to the then undiscovered element at the position of scandium in his periodic table.
Base: boron
Affixes: eka-
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: scandium
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: In 1880, Nilson and Cleve discovered in a Scandinavian mineral a new element which had the properties of eka-boron. They called it Scandium.
Translations:
baryonic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English baryon
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English baryonic
From baryon + -ic.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Of, pertaining to, or composed of baryons.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
ilmenite
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: Named after Ilmen Mountains in Russia + -ite in 1827.
Affixes: -ite
Inflected forms:
form: ilmenites
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A weakly magnetic dark gray mineral found in metamorphic and igneous rocks; it is a mixed oxide of iron and titanium, FeTiO₃
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The basalt of Goose Island of the Ice Harbor Member is unique for the occurrence of microphenocrysts of ilmenite and titanmagnetite.
Translations:
brushwork
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From brush + work.
Compound parts: brush
work
Inflected forms:
form: brushworks
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The technique or practice of applying and manipulating paint (usually oil or gouache) in a painting.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: The fake was easy to spot because of its inferior brushwork.
Translations:
brewpub
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From brew + pub.
Compound parts: brew
pub
Inflected forms:
form: brewpubs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A public house with a brewery (usually a microbrewery) attached.
pos: noun
Translations:
coffeemaker
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From coffee + maker.
Compound parts: coffee
maker
Inflected forms:
form: coffeemakers
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: coffee maker
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: coffee-maker
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A person who makes coffee.
pos: noun
examples: Upholsterer, Letter-Carrier, Foreign-Post, Coffee-maker, of each one.
If your cook is not habitually a good coffee-maker, the coffee will most probably be sent in cold, thick, and weak—for want of some previous supervision.
To be sure it had to be taken without milk, but there was plenty of sugar, and when Rod passed his tin cup for a second helping, the coffee-maker's face fairly beamed with gratified pride.
One of the tests by which a Greek goddess is measured is the quality of her Greek coffee. There are many ways to prepare it, and a flawless result is uncontestable proof of proper technique. Medium, sweet, plain, “heavy” and sweet, “heavy” with no sugar, with or without a film of foamy bubbles are some of the many variations of an expert coffee maker. Can she prepare good coffee? She’s a goddess!
gloss: Any of several different types of kitchen apparatus used to brew and filter coffee.
pos: noun
examples: There is also the Fountain coffee-maker, in which a body of steam, passing upwards through the body of ground coffee, carries over the infusion, which collects in a chamber.
As he poured water into the coffeemaker, Ben watched several deer grazing ... While the coffeemaker gurgled, Ben remained entranced by the deer.
Translations:
negligibly
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English negligible
Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der.
Proto-Germanic *līkąder.
Proto-Germanic *-līkaz
Proto-Germanic *-ê
Proto-Germanic *-līkê
Proto-West Germanic *-līkē
Old English -līċe
Middle English -ly
English -ly
English negligibly
From negligible + -ly.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: To a degree that is negligible; so small or slight that it may be ignored.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: Thus if the spherical surface beings are living on a planet of which the solar system occupies only a negligibly small part of the spherical universe, they have no means of determining whether they are living in a finite or in an infinite universe.
Antonyms: importantly
significantly
Translations:
codomain
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: mathematical-analysis
mathematics
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Latin con-
Latin co-der.
English co-
Proto-Indo-European *dem-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *dṓmder.
Proto-Italic *domanos
Latin dominus
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Italic *-ios
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin dominiumder.
Old French demainebor.
Middle English demayne
English domain
English codomain
From co- + domain.
Inflected forms:
form: codomains
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The target set into which a function is formally defined to map elements of its domain; the set denoted Y in the notation f : X → Y.
pos: noun
examples: Definition 2.5. A function is onto if each element of the codomain has at least one element of the domain assigned to it. In other words, a function is onto if the range equals the codomain.
Once we have described f as a function from A to B, by convention we will call B the codomain, even though other sets, of which B is a subset, could have been used.[…]If y is an element of the codomain, then y#92;in#92;mathit#123;Img#125;(f,A) iff there is some x in the domain such that f maps x to y.
For example, the codomain of g(X)#61;X³ consists of all real numbers. A function links each element in its domain to some element in its codomain. Each domain element is linked to exactly one codomain element.
gloss: The target set into which a function is formally defined to map elements of its domain; the set denoted Y in the notation f : X → Y.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
Synonyms: range
Antonyms: domain
Translations:
lang: Czech
word: obor hodnot
lang: Danish
word: dispositionsmængde
lang: German
word: Zielmenge
lang: Icelandic
word: aðmengi
lang: Icelandic
word: ítak
lang: Icelandic
word: bakmengi
lang: Japanese
word: 終域
roman: shūiki
lang: Polish
word: przeciwdziedzina
lang: Portuguese
word: contradomínio
lang: Russian
word: область значений
lang: Swedish
word: målmängd
unwrinkled
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Germanic *un-
Proto-West Germanic *un-
Old English un-
Middle English un-
English un-
English wrinkled
English unwrinkled
From un- + wrinkled.
Inflected forms:
form: more unwrinkled
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most unwrinkled
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Without wrinkles.
pos: adj
examples: an unwrinkled face
Where hee beheld the Sea’s unwrinkled face,
Smile again on him with alluring Grace.
Where pity, to the mind conveyed
In pleasure, is the darkest shade
That Time, unwrinkled grandsire, flings
From his smoothly gliding wings.
His fair hair waved long and freely over a white and unwrinkled forehead: the life of a camp and the suns of Italy had but little embrowned his clear and healthful complexion, which retained much of the bloom of youth.
Muley’s face was smooth and unwrinkled, but it wore the truculent look of a bad child’s, the mouth held tight and small, the little eyes half scowling, half petulant.
The lieutenant of the watch, his telescope quite dazzling with polished brass and pipe-clayed twine, wore spotless and unwrinkled white trousers; the buttons on his well-fitting coat winked in the sunshine.
Translations:
wrinkle-free
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English wrinkle
Proto-Indo-European *preyH-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *priHós
Proto-Germanic *frijaz
Proto-West Germanic *frī
Proto-West Germanic *-frī
Old English -frēo
Middle English -fre
English -free
English wrinkle-free
From wrinkle + -free.
Inflected forms:
form: more wrinkle-free
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most wrinkle-free
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: wrinkle free
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Without wrinkles.
pos: adj
examples: At 67, her face was remarkably wrinkle-free.
gloss: wrinkle resistant
pos: adj
Translations:
emic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: anthropology
human-sciences
sciences
social-science
social-sciences
Etymology: Coined by American linguist Kenneth Pike in 1954 from phonemic.
* Kenneth Lee Pike (1982), Linguistic Concepts: An Introduction to Tagmemics, page 44: “Generalizing from phonemics, I coined the term emic in 1954.”
Inflected forms:
form: more emic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most emic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of or pertaining to the analysis of a cultural system or its features from the perspective of a participant in that culture.
pos: adj
examples: A useful example of the emic-etic distinction may be made by comparing the concept “waves on the ocean or sea” from the perspective of a European American with that of a Truk Islander […] The proposed etics here might be that both cultures understand the use of waves as vehicles for surfing and as movement reflecting the transfer of energy […] certain differences, or emics exist, for European Americans the waves may be sources of beauty — the Truk Islander has learned to use them […] as a road map.
In contemporary Anglophone usage, the term 'dhow' has come to refer generically and exonymically to traditional wooden vessels of the western Indian Ocean, whatever their particular forms or emic classification.
Translations:
etic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: anthropology
human-sciences
sciences
social-science
social-sciences
Etymology: Coined by American linguist Kenneth Pike in 1954 from phonetic.
* Kenneth Lee Pike (1962), With Heart and Mind: A Personal Synthesis of Scholarship and Devotion, page 37: “I have coined the term etic to refer to the detached observer’s view […]”
Inflected forms:
form: more etic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most etic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of or pertaining to analysis of a culture from a perspective situated outside all cultures.
pos: adj
examples: A useful example of the emic-etic distinction may be made by comparing the concept “waves on the ocean or sea” from the perspective of a European American with that of a Truk Islander […] The proposed etics here might be that both cultures understand the use of waves as vehicles for surfing and as movement reflecting the transfer of energy […] certain differences, or emics exist, for European Americans the waves may be sources of beauty — the Truk Islander has learned to use them […] as a road map.
Translations:
veduta
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Italian veduta. Doublet of view.
Inflected forms:
form: vedutas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: vedute
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A highly detailed, usually large-scale painting of a cityscape or some other vista.
pos: noun
Translations:
falseness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English false
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Middle English -nesse
English -ness
English falseness
From false + -ness.
Inflected forms:
form: falsenesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The characteristic of being false.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: All falseness collapses under the weight of denied truth.
Translations:
petrodollars
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Money earned through the sale of petroleum.
pos: noun
examples: The mid-east is awash in petrodollars that need to be invested.
Translations:
petrodollar
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πέτρᾱ (pétrā)bor.
Latin petrader.
English petro-
Proto-Germanic *dalą
Proto-West Germanic *dal
Old High German tal
Middle High German tal
German Tal
German Talerder.
Middle Low German dālerbor.
Dutch dalerbor.
English dollar
English petrodollar
From petro- (prefix meaning ‘petroleum; oil export’) + dollar, possibly modelled after Eurodollar.
Inflected forms:
form: petrodollars
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Money (either notionally or specifically in dollars or other currencies) earned from the sale of oil, often especially as considered among a national economy's principal revenue streams.
pos: noun
tags: also
attributive
in-plural
Translations:
foul-smelling
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more foul-smelling
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most foul-smelling
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: foulsmelling
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Having an unpleasant odor.
pos: adj
Translations:
giornata
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: art
arts
Etymology: Italian giornata (literally “day”)
Inflected forms:
form: giornatas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: giornate
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The amount of painting that can be done in a day, important in producing frescos.
pos: noun
Translations:
sweet-smelling
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more sweet-smelling
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: sweeter-smelling
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most sweet-smelling
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: sweetest-smelling
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: sweet smelling
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: sweetsmelling
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Having a pleasant scent.
pos: adj
examples: It was always rather refreshing to find oneself among the sweet-smelling timber and the more peaceful atmosphere of a wood-working place, on a day-work and not piece-work basis.
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., which tried and failed to market a smokeless cigarette in the late 1980s, announced plans for a sweeter-smelling cigarette Monday.
Before each game, before the final pep talk, Krystkowiak lights the rope, spreading the scent and giving Utah the sweetest-smelling locker room in college basketball.
gloss: Liked, appreciated or respected.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
Translations:
sopping
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more sopping
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most sopping
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: soppings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Soaked, drenched, completely wet to the point of dripping.
pos: adj
examples: The grass was wet and the earth smelled of springtime. Fern's sneakers were sopping by the time she caught up with her father.
A swirling, sopping, doomladen midmorning, take my word for it, and myself, as I say, an unborn ghost, not ordered, not delivered and certainly not paid for: myself a deaf microphone, planted but inactive in any but the biological meaning.
gloss: A soaking.
pos: noun
examples: There were hot miseries and cold miseries; saline unpleasantries, partial wettings and complete soppings; […]
Translations: