yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
shovel
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English schovele, schovel, showell, shole (> English dialectal shoul, shool), from Old English scofl (“shovel”), from Proto-Germanic *skuflō, *skūflō (“shovel”), equivalent to shove + -el (instrumental/agent suffix).
Cognate with Scots shuffle, shule, shuil (“shovel”), Saterland Frisian Sköifel (“shovel”), West Frisian skoffel, schoffel (“hoe, spade, shovel”), Dutch schoffel (“spade, hoe”), Low German Schüfel, Schuffel (“shovel”), German Schaufel (“shovel”), Danish skovl (“shovel”), Faroese skupla (“shovel”), Icelandic skófla (“shovel”), Norwegian skyfle (“shovel”), skyffel (“shovel, hoe”), Swedish skyffel, skovel (“shovel”).
Base: shove
Affixes: -el
Inflected forms:
form: shovels
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: shoveling
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
present
form: shovelling
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
present
form: shoveled
pos: verb
tags: US
participle
past
form: shoveled
pos: verb
tags: US
past
form: shovelled
pos: verb
tags: UK
participle
past
form: shovelled
pos: verb
tags: UK
past
Senses:
gloss: To move materials with a shovel.
pos: verb
examples: The workers were shovelling gravel and tarmac into the pothole in the road.
After the blizzard, we shoveled the driveway for the next two days.
I don't mind shoveling, but using a pickaxe hurts my back terribly.
Off again, a fierce light now trailing out behind us from the open furnace door, lighting up the fireman as he shovelled more coal on to the furnace, [...].
The coal is then transferred to broad-gauge wagons for transport to Dublin. The transhipment is a rather laborious business, the coal being shovelled by hand from one wagon to another.
gloss: To move with a shoveling motion.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
transitive
examples: Already late for work, I shovelled breakfast into my mouth as fast as possible.
The keeper then seemed to claw it out with fabulous reflexes only for TV replays to show the ball had most probably crossed the line before Forster had shovelled it away.
Related words: shove
scoop
Derived words: reshovel
shovellable
shovel out
shovel up
unshoveled
unshovelled
Translations:
adze
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English adse, adese, from Old English adesa, eadesa (compare the oldest forms: adosa, adosan), assumed from Proto-Germanic *adisô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃edʰḗs (compare Hittite [script needed] (atešša, “axe, hatchet”)).
Inflected forms:
form: adzes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: adz
pos: noun
tags: alternative
US
form: adzes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: adzing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: adzed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: adzed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: adz
pos: verb
tags: alternative
US
Senses:
gloss: A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.
pos: noun
examples: ...if I wanted a board, I had no other way but to cut down a tree, set it on an edge before me, and hew it flat on either side with my axe, till I brought it to be thin as a plank, and then dub it smooth with my adze.
gloss: To shape a material using an adze.
pos: verb
Translations:
mattock
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English mattok (“mattock, pickaxe”), from Old English mattuc, meottoc, mettoc (“mattock, fork, trident”), from Proto-West Germanic *mattjuk (“mattock, ploughshare”), from Proto-Indo-European *met- (“to cut, reap”). Related to Old High German medela (“plough”), Middle High German metze, metz (“knife”), Latin mateola (“implement for digging in the soil”), Polish motyka (“hoe, mattock”), Russian моты́га (motýga, “hoe, mattock”), Lithuanian matikkas (“mattock”), Sanskrit मत्य (matyà, “harrow, roller, club”). More at mason.
Inflected forms:
form: mattocks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: mattocks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: mattocking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: mattocked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: mattocked
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: An agricultural tool whose blades are at right angles to the body, similar to a pickaxe.
pos: noun
examples: Workmen, breaking up an old floor, have come to him, mattocks in their hands, dismayed: ‘Mr Richard, see what we have turned up ...’
gloss: To cut or dig with a mattock.
pos: verb
Translations:
crowbar
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From crow (“crow (bird)" also "metal lever, crowbar”) + bar, probably because the forked end looks like a crow's foot.
Base: crow
Inflected forms:
form: crowbars
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: crowbars
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: crowbarring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: crowbarred
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: crowbarred
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: An iron or steel bar, often with a flattened end which may also be hook-shaped, to be used as a lever to manually force things apart.
pos: noun
gloss: An electrical circuit that prevents an overvoltage from causing damage.
pos: noun
gloss: A type of cocktail made with only Crown Royal whiskey and lemon lime soda.
pos: noun
gloss: To force to move, usually with a crowbar; to prise.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He crowbarred the door open.
Related words: crowbill
Derived words: crowbar hotel
Translations:
hunter
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English huntere, hunter, equivalent to hunt + -er. Compare Old English hunta (“hunter”).
Base: hunt
Affixes: -er
Inflected forms:
form: hunters
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One who hunts game for sport or for food; a huntsman or huntswoman.
pos: noun
gloss: A dog used in hunting; a hunting dog.
pos: noun
examples: thy intercepter, full of despite, bloody as the hunter, attends thee at the orchard end
gloss: A horse used in hunting, especially a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.
pos: noun
examples: ‘His favourite Hunter who was turned out in the park on his going abroad, somehow or other fell ill […] .’
a sound, swift, well-bred hunter and roadster
No one, however, thought of the haughty and secluded young gentleman who […] when he rode on his black hunter into Dublin, avoided the village, and took the high-road by Inchicore.
Henry, laughing, spurs away his hunter under the dripping trees.
gloss: One who hunts or seeks after anything.
pos: noun
examples: The hunter becomes the hunted.
a fortune hunter
You know right well, how meek soe'er he seem, / No keener hunter after glory breathes.
Offmunson he's called, and a bright young pedigree-hunter has traced his descent from Offa, King of Mercia.
gloss: A person who bottles up their aggression and eventually releases it explosively.
pos: noun
examples: Although their behavior does not have the same impact as hunters, howlers nevertheless distract the public figure and compel security and law enforcement […]
Hunters stalk their targets, make detailed plans, acquire and practice with weapons, and try to hurt or kill people. Howlers make bomb threats to schools, malls, churches, businesses, and government offices.
gloss: A kind of spider, the huntsman or hunting spider.
pos: noun
gloss: A pocket watch with a spring-hinged circular metal cover that closes over the dial and crystal, protecting them from dust and scratches.
pos: noun
Related words: hunt
hunted
Hunter
hunting
Huntress
huntress
Huntsman
huntsman
Derived words: antihunter
bargain hunter
bookhunter
bounty hunter
bowhunter
bug-hunter
caterpillar hunter
cool hunter
coolhunter
cyclone hunter
death-hunter
demi-hunter
demon hunter
dinosaur hunter
dog hunter
dragon hunter
dung-hunter
forest caterpillar hunter
fortune-hunter
foxhunter
ghosthunter
glitch hunter
glory hunter
glory-hunter
half-hunter
headhunter
head hunter
head-hunter
househunter
house-hunter
Hunter
hunteress
hunter eyes
hunter-gatherer
hunter-gathering
hunter green
hunter-killer
hunterlike
hurricane hunter
jobhunter
king-hunter
legacy hunter
lion hunter
long hunter
manhunter
masked hunter
minehunter
molehunter
moth-hunter
night hunter
nonhunter
pedohunter
persistence hunter
place-hunter
pothunter
scalphunter
scuffle hunter
seal-hunter
seal hunter
self-hunter
spiderhunter
stormhunter
storm-hunter
storm hunter
subhunter
Todhunter
tornado hunter
treasure-hunter
treehunter
trophy-hunter
trophy hunter
tufthunter
tuft-hunter
typhoon hunter
unicorn hunter
white-edged hunter hawkmoth
widow-hunter
witch hunter
wolf-hunter
Translations:
sauerkraut
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed into English around 1600 from German Sauerkraut, from sauer (“sour, acidic, spoiled”) + Kraut (“herb; cabbage”). Doublet of choucroute.
Inflected forms:
form: sauerkrauts
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: sourkraut
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A dish made by fermenting finely chopped cabbage.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A German person.
pos: noun
tags: countable
ethnic
obsolete
offensive
slang
slur
Derived words: sauerkraut juice
sauerkraut soup
sauerkrauty
Translations:
librarian
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From library + -an. First attested around 1710.
Base: library
Affixes: -an
Inflected forms:
form: librarians
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The keeper, manager of a library.
pos: noun
examples: The amenities of the institute include a well-arranged open-access library of 18,000 volumes, and a small but valuable reference library of railway literature; the present writer is Librarian.
gloss: One who cares for the publications, files etc. in a library, whether staff or volunteer.
pos: noun
gloss: A person who processes and organizes information.
pos: noun
Synonyms: library-keeper
Related words: library
information services
Derived words: cybrarian
e-librarian
librarianess
librarianlike
librarianly
librarianship
nonlibrarian
sublibrarian
Translations:
cowboy
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: PIE word
 *gʷṓws
From cow + boy. More on Wikipedia.
Compound parts: cow
boy
Inflected forms:
form: cowboys
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: cowboying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: cowboyed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: cowboyed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To work as a cowboy, herding cattle.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Besides cowboying he worked at a small sawmill that cut logs into "four slabs and a tie" and sold ties to the railroad.
Derwood Bailey cowboyed for 50 cents a day, a noon meal, and a gallon of oats for his horse.
I still had never ridden or cowboyed, and I wanted to learn something about it. I'd been making the damn saddles for years but didn't know how to use them.
Translations:
blue-collar
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From blue + collar.
From the color of rugged denim and chambray work shirts often worn by manual workers, as opposed to the white dress shirts typically worn by professionals and clerical workers.
Compound parts: blue
collar
Inflected forms:
form: more blue-collar
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most blue-collar
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: bluecollar
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: blue collar
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: blue-collars
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: bluecollar
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: blue collar
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Working class; engaged or trained in essentially manual labor.
pos: adj
examples: Blue-collar workers represent a diminishing segment of society.
The blue-collar, vulnerable McClane of Die Hard wouldn’t even recognize the bulletproof, catchphrase-spouting superhero he’s become in the sequels.
Bargaining on this scale led the way for the NUR's successes in negotiating with the Big Four after 1921, and subsequently British Rail. Privatisation has put paid to much of that, but railway workers are still arguably the most powerful blue-collar workforce in Britain today.
gloss: Pertaining to the culture of blue-collar workers.
pos: adj
examples: Even as a tenured professor, she remained proud of her blue-collar values.
gloss: A blue-collar worker.
pos: noun
examples: In ways, these people defined what it was to be a really good lesbian or a really good dyke. For example: You needed to be articulate or aggressive […] You either needed to be a university or community college person, or a real sincere and hardworking blue collar. If you were from one of the outlying towns, you were likely to have a black mark against you in the first place.
Related words: pink-collar
white-collar
Translations:
expressivity
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English expressive
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ts
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts
Latin -itāsder.
Old French -itebor.
Middle English -ite
English -ity
English expressivity
From expressive + -ity.
Inflected forms:
form: expressivities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The quality of being expressive.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Imperfect themes aside, what the first Zootopia had going for it was its gorgeous animation and evocative character design. From the clever visual worldbuilding of its city to the lush colors and textures of a nighttime chase through the Rainforest District, Zootopia was part of a wave of projects that proved CG animation could have the same depth and expressivity as a classic hand-drawn film.
gloss: The degree to which a gene affects or can affect an organism.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
Translations:
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: First attested (as supercaliflawjalisticexpialadoshus) in a 1931 Syracuse University Daily Orange column, which states that the word “implies all that is grand, great, glorious, splendid, superb, wonderful”. In this spelling, it was made famous by its use in a song of the same title in the movie Mary Poppins (1964), by songwriters Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman; they wrote in 1998:
When we were little boys in the mid-1930s, we went to a summer camp in the Adirondack Mountains, where we were introduced to a very long word that had been passed down in many variations through many generations of kids. […] The word as we first heard it was super-cadja-flawjalistic-espealedojus.
Apparently a fanciful formation on super (compare super-), -ic, and -ious; various rationalizations of the other elements have been offered, but none supported by any evidence. One by American linguist Richard Lederer in his book Crazy English (1989) is super- (“above”) + cali- (“beauty”) + fragilistic- (“delicate”) + expiali- (“to atone”) + -docious (“educable”), the sum of which equals “atoning for extreme and delicate beauty [while being] highly educable”. This etymology is based on calli-, fragile, expiate, and docious (“amenable to order”) or docity (“quickness of comprehension”), from Latin doceō (“to teach”).
For the -docious ending, compare braggadocious (first attested in American English, in 1853), and more distantly, perhaps bodacious. The element -cali- may have been taken from California (especially in view of -califlawja- in the 1931 version). For -listic, compare (un)realistic.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Fantastic, very wonderful.
pos: adj
tags: humorous
not-comparable
examples: It's supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.
By comparison with the present transcribers, I'm sure my performance would be supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.
This is a real biggie so pay attention—I still pinch myself occasionally to even believe I did this; it was supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.
Translations:
souvlaki
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Greek σουβλάκι (souvláki).
Inflected forms:
form: souvlakis
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: souvlakia
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: souflaki
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: souvlakia
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A Greek fast food consisting of pieces of meat and sometimes vegetables grilled on a skewer, variously also called kalamaki or kebab or, in sandwich form, gyro or shawarma.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A wrapped pancake dish filled with meat, salad and some kind of sauce or dressing, commonly called a kebab.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
shawarma
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic شَاوِرْمَا (šāwirmā), شَاوَرْمَا (šāwarmā), from Ottoman Turkish چویرمه (çevirme, “something that is spun or turned over”), verbal noun of چویرمك (çevirmek, “to turn over”) (modern Turkish çevirme and çevirmek).
Inflected forms:
form: shawarmas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: schwarma
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: shaurma
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: shawirma
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: shoarma
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: shwarma
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A Middle Eastern sandwich-like wrap of shaved lamb, goat, chicken, turkey, beef, or a mixture of these.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
Translations:
inkwell
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Compound of ink + well.
Inflected forms:
form: inkwells
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: ink well
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: ink-well
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A container for ink, designed and usually positioned so that a person may conveniently dip a pen (such as a dip pen or quill pen) into it whenever a refill is needed.
pos: noun
examples: Near-synonym: inkstand
The reference library itself proclaimed the substance of the city with its solid elbow chairs and long mahogany tables, grooved along the edge to hold a pen, and in the centre of each table a massive pewter inkwell.
gloss: A store of ink built into a pen, comprising a tube attached to the tip of the pen.
pos: noun
Related words: dip pen
fountain pen
nib pen
quill
quill pen
Derived words: dip one's pen in someone's inkwell
you don't dip your pen in the company inkwell
you don't dip your pen in the inkwell
Translations:
nearby
Part of speech: adj
adv
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: business
finance
Etymology: From Middle English ner-bi, neer by, equivalent to near + by.
Base: near
Inflected forms:
form: more nearby
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most nearby
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: near-by
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: more nearby
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most nearby
pos: adv
tags: superlative
form: near by
pos: adv
tags: alternative
form: nearbys
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Adjacent, near, close by.
pos: adj
examples: He stopped at a nearby store for some groceries.
Seals are flourishing about 50 miles farther south, too. In 2021, a group of grey seals established the first seal colony in nearby Suffolk and began breeding on a remote shingle beach at Orford Ness, now a National Trust site but once the location for cold war weapons-testing.
gloss: Next to, close to.
pos: adv
examples: I'm glad my friends live nearby where I can visit them.
gloss: A futures contract, of a particular group, whose settlement date is the earliest.
pos: noun
examples: In each of these markets the nearbys are almost invariably at a discount — a discount that tends to widen in bull markets and narrow in bear markets.
The deferred contract should be expected to rise, and buying the deferred while selling the nearby is then profitable.
Translations:
palimpsest
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: astronomy
computing
engineering
geography
geology
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Latin palimpsēstus, from Ancient Greek παλίμψηστος (palímpsēstos, “scraped again”).
Inflected forms:
form: palimpsests
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: palimpsests
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: palimpsesting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: palimpsested
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: palimpsested
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A manuscript or document that has been erased or scraped clean, for reuse of the paper, parchment, vellum, or other medium on which it was written.
pos: noun
gloss: Monumental brasses that have been reused by engraving of the blank back side.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
gloss: Circular features believed to be lunar craters that have been obliterated by later volcanic activity.
pos: noun
gloss: Geological features thought to be related to features or effects below the surface.
pos: noun
gloss: Memory that has been erased and re-written.
pos: noun
gloss: The partial erasure of or superimposition on an older society or culture by a newer one.
pos: noun
gloss: Something bearing the traces of an earlier, erased form.
pos: noun
examples: But on her he did not see even the palimpsest of a smile.
gloss: A text with several layers of meaning, especially pertaining to different points in time.
pos: noun
examples: I also agree there's more instrumental development that needs doing. For all we know there's a fourth layer to the palimpsest.
Miraculously, the Stasi's record of Garton Ash's years in Berlin remained intact, and in his extraordinary book The File he recalls going back to Berlin, sifting through the material, and piecing together those years for himself. The result is a palimpsest of memories, observations recorded by informants and agents, and the recollections in his own diaries at that time.
... with the multilingual portmanteau words and phrases giving the text the quality of a palimpsest upon which multiple layers of textual meaning can be simultaneously detected.
gloss: To scrape clean, as in parchment, for reuse.
pos: verb
gloss: On paper: to reuse, often by erasure or change of pen direction or color. Especially fueled by Earth Day.
pos: verb
examples: Typically refers to a multi-layered work, e.g.: new ads covering old on a roadside sign.
Synonyms: codex rescriptus
Related words: pentimento
Derived words: palimpsestic
palimpsestuous
palincestuous
Translations:
finite
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Middle English fynyte, finit, from Latin fīnītus, perfect passive participle of fīniō (“to finish; to terminate”), from fīnis (“boundary”). The word displaced Old English ġeendodlīċ.
The noun is derived from the adjective.
Inflected forms:
form: more finite
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most finite
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: finites
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Having an end or limit; (of a quantity) constrained by bounds; (of a set) whose number of elements is a natural number.
pos: adj
gloss: Limited by (i.e. inflected for) person or number.
pos: adj
gloss: finitely generated (as a module).
pos: adj
gloss: A thing which has an end or limit.
pos: noun
examples: Diſagreement in Subſtance or Eſſence […] may be called Diſproportion, as, there is a Diſproportion betvveen Finites and Infinites, i.e. there is no Proportion betvveen them.
Antonyms: infinite
nonfinite
infinitival
unlimited
endless
eternal
everlasting
Related words: finis
finitude
finity
finitely
finiteness
finite verb
infinite
infiniteness
infinitude
transfinite
Derived words: cofinite
finite automaton
finite capacity planning
finite clause
finite continued fraction
finite deterrence
finite difference
finite-dimensional
finite element
finite field
finite generator
finite geometry
finiteless
finitely
finitely generated
finiteness
finite set
finite-state automaton
finite state machine
finite-state machine
finitise
finitism
finitist
finitization
finitize
hyperfinite
locally finite
metafinite
nonfinite
non-finite
non-finite verb
profinite
pseudofinite
quasifinite
semifinite
superfinite
unfinite
σ-finite measure
Translations:
picture-perfect
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more picture-perfect
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most picture-perfect
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: picture perfect
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Perfect in appearance as with the subjects in paintings or photographs, without the common imperfections of real life.
pos: adj
tags: idiomatic
not-comparable
usually
examples: With Swift, Spice, Lively and Avignone hugging each other, it was a picture-perfect visual summery^([sic]) of Swift’s brand: manufactured empowerment, a celebration of pop feminist girl power.
Translations:
oxen
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn
Proto-Germanic *uhsô
Proto-West Germanic *ohsō
Old English oxa
Old English oxan
Middle English oxen
English oxen
From Middle English oxen, from Old English oxan, from Proto-West Germanic *ohsan, from Proto-Germanic *uhsniz, nominative and accusative plural of *uhsô (“ox”), equivalent to ox + -en (plural ending).
Base: ox
Affixes: -en
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Of, relating to, or resembling an ox; oxlike
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: These included the adze, saws of different sizes with, very likely, different size teeth or cutting edges, axe, chisels of various sizes, drills with various size drill bits, a square, plumb line, hammer, maul, and awl, plus a sharpening stone of slate and an oxen horn used as an oil flask.
He also had a tail like an oxen tail only with a razor sharp bard that he used in conflict to stab or slice his victims.
He took a great gulp of wine from an oxen horn goblet and with a sigh slammed it down on the conference table. “Warriors!” he bellowed, gazing about as if daring anyone to challenge him.
Kvigr walked the oxen cart between the huts. There were many markings on each of the huts.
Translations:
clockwise
Part of speech: adv
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English clock
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-s-ós
Proto-Germanic *wīsaz
Proto-Germanic *-wīsaz
Proto-West Germanic *-wīs
Old English -wīs
Middle English -wis
English -wise
English clockwise
From clock + -wise.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: In a curve or twist corresponding to the movement of the hands of a clock.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: Turn the handle clockwise to open it.
The main — or cooking — kitchen is an inhumanly immaculate expanse of burner rings and countertops where, according to tradition, the stations move clockwise from canapé to entremetier.
gloss: Moving clockwise; having rotary motion in the manner of a clock.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: In the southern hemisphere the flow of air around a low-pressure system is clockwise.
The clockwise beating of cilia results in a net flow of extraembryonic fluid leftwards […]
Antonyms: ACW
anticlockwise
CCW
counterclockwise
counter-clockwise
withershins
widdershins
Translations:
anticlockwise
Part of speech: adj
adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts
Proto-Indo-European *-i
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́)
Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-)der.
English anti-
English clock
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-s-ós
Proto-Germanic *wīsaz
Proto-Germanic *-wīsaz
Proto-West Germanic *-wīs
Old English -wīs
Middle English -wis
English -wise
English clockwise
English anticlockwise
From anti- + clockwise.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: In a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the hands of an analog clock.
pos: adj
tags: Commonwealth
Ireland
UK
not-comparable
examples: The bidirectional drift excursion for the beam-column joint is applied in the anticlockwise direction as per the numbering sequence illustrated in Figs. 8a and 8b.
gloss: In an anticlockwise fashion.
pos: adv
tags: Commonwealth
Ireland
UK
not-comparable
Synonyms: counterclockwise
counter-clockwise
Antonyms: clockwise
Translations:
parsec
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: astronomy
metrology
natural-sciences
Etymology: Contraction of parallax second.
Inflected forms:
form: parsecs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Syllabic abbreviation of parallax second.
pos: noun
examples: Han Solo: Fast ship? You've never heard of the Millennium Falcon?
Obi-Wan "Ben" Kenobi: Should I have?
Han Solo: It's the ship that made the Kessel Run in less than twelve parsecs. I've outrun Imperial starships. Not the local bulk cruisers mind you, I'm talking about the big Corellian ships now. She's fast enough for you old man.
Translations:
counter-clockwise
Part of speech: adj
adv
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more counter-clockwise
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most counter-clockwise
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Counterclockwise; anticlockwise.
pos: adj
tags: US
not-comparable
gloss: Counterclockwise; anticlockwise.
pos: adv
tags: US
Translations:
overgrowth
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úp
Proto-Indo-European *-er
Proto-Indo-European *upér
Proto-Germanic *uber
Old English ofer-
Middle English over-
English over-
English growth
English overgrowth
From over- + growth.
Inflected forms:
form: overgrowths
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A usually abundant, luxuriant growth over or on something else.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A usually abundant, luxuriant growth over or on something else.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: In desolate places where dank moisture breeds / The pipy Hemlock to strange overgrowth
gloss: An excessive growth or increase in numbers, as in a population of weeds or microbes.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Excessive size; usually caused by over-production of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Synonyms: hyperplasia
hypertrophy
gigantism
Antonyms: undergrowth
Translations:
battle
Part of speech: verb
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: agriculture
business
lifestyle
Etymology: From Middle English batel, batell, batelle, batayle, bataylle, borrowed from Old French bataille, from Late Latin battālia, variant of battuālia (“fighting and fencing exercises”) from Latin battuō (“to strike, hit, beat, fight”), of uncertain origin. Possibly from a Gaulish or Proto-Germanic root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to stab, dig”), related to Old English beado (“battle”); or possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit, strike, beat”). Doublet of battalia and battel. Displaced native Old English ġefeoht, beado, camp, and wīg (“battle”), among others.
Affixes: -le
Inflected forms:
form: battles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: battling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: battled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: battled
pos: verb
tags: past
form: batail
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: battel
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: battell
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: more battle
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most battle
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: battil
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: battill
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: battel
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: baittle
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: bettle
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: batwell
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To join in battle; to contend in fight
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Scientists always battle over theories.
She has been battling against cancer for years.
Hard work is required from men and machines as I was to experience later when footplating Lambton No 5 on five bogies battling its way up Newtondale.
gloss: To fight or struggle; to enter into a battle with.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: She has been battling cancer for years.
gloss: Of grass or pasture: nutritious to cattle or sheep; fattening, nourishing.
pos: adj
examples: battle grass    battle pasture
gloss: Of land (originally pastureland) or soil: fertile, fruitful.
pos: adj
tags: broadly
examples: battle land    battle soil
Related words: embattle
Derived words: battle it out
outbattle
overbattle
Translations:
lang: Catalan
word: batallar
lang: Dutch
word: bestrijden
lang: Dutch
word: bevechten
lang: Esperanto
word: batali
lang: Finnish
word: taistella
lang: Georgian
word: ებრძოლება
roman: ebrʒoleba
lang: German
word: bekämpfen
lang: German
word: bekriegen
lang: Gothic
word: 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽
roman: weihan
lang: Greek
word: μάχομαι
roman: máchomai
lang: Māori
word: kakari
lang: Sanskrit
word: युध्यते
roman: yudhyate
lang: Spanish
word: batallar
apprehension
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: law
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin apprehensio, apprehensionis, compare with French appréhension. See apprehend.
Inflected forms:
form: apprehensions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The taking of something.
pos: noun
tags: countable
rare
uncountable
examples: The wing would have been a severe obstruction to apprehension of an object on the ground.
gloss: The taking of something.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The warrant had been issued for his apprehension on the charge of rioting.
When he told us that a large reward was offered by Sir Leicester Dedlock for the murderer's apprehension, I did not in my first consternation understand why; […]
After video emerged of an aggressive apprehension of a teenager in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, McLaughlin claimed it was old video and didn’t involve ICE. She called it “a video from a burglary arrest Chicago Police made over a year ago.”
gloss: The awareness of something
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: We live on, and in living we lose the apprehension of life.
gloss: The awareness of something
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: We think we get a kind of vague apprehension of what London means from the top of a 'bus better than anywhere else.
gloss: The awareness of something
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Strangers of limited information and dull apprehension were sometimes observed not to know what a Powler was.
gloss: The awareness of something
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Every circumstance which evinced the savage nature of the beings at whose mercy I was, augmented the fearful apprehensions that consumed me.
Synonyms: apprehension
misgiving
qualm
trepidation
Antonyms: inapprehension
Related words: sense
Derived words: misapprehension
nonapprehension
preapprehension
Translations:
apprentice
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English apprentice, apprentesse, apprentyse, apprentis, from Old French aprentis, plural of aprentif, from Old French aprendre (verb), Late Latin apprendō, from Classical Latin apprehendō.
Compare typologically Latin discipulus (akin to capiō); Russian ухвати́ть (uxvatítʹ), нахвата́ться (naxvatátʹsja), схва́тывать на лету́ (sxvátyvatʹ na letú), and, for another aspect, быть на подхва́те (bytʹ na podxváte) (both akin to хвата́ть (xvatátʹ)).
Inflected forms:
form: apprentices
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: apprentise
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: apprentices
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: apprenticing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: apprenticed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: apprenticed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: apprentise
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A trainee, especially in a skilled trade.
pos: noun
examples: To this end a well-equipped and keenly-run apprentice training school has been in operation at Eastleigh since 1958 and here apprentices are given a good grounding in a number of trades, followed by a thorough training in the trade to which they become allocated.
Scottish rail suppliers have told the Government that they can only reach their target of employing 500 apprentices if they are given a clear pipeline of work, rather than having to endure the current stop-go programme.
gloss: One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a tradesperson, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him.
pos: noun
tags: historical
gloss: One not well versed in a subject; a tyro or newbie.
pos: noun
tags: dated
gloss: To put under the care and supervision of a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: His father had apprenticed him to a silk merchant.
He was apprenticed to a local employer.
Early in his career, Trump apprenticed himself to Roy Cohn, an unprincipled lawyer who taught the young Trump how to gain wealth and influence through ruthless bullying, profane braggadocio, opportunistic bigotry, baseless lawsuits, lying, and more lying.
Yet as Trump’s “fixer” with politicians, judges and mob bosses, Cohn remained utterly loyal to Trump and his father, Fred.
gloss: To be an apprentice to.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Joe apprenticed three different photographers before setting up his own studio.
Related words: journeyman
masterman
master
trainee
Derived words: apprenticehood
apprenticelike
apprenticeship
seaman apprentice
sorcerer's apprentice
Translations:
approaching
Part of speech: adj
adv
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: By surface analysis, approach + -ing.
Inflected forms:
form: approachings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: That approaches or approach.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: the approaching armies
gloss: Nearly.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: The evacuation of approaching 200,000 people, along with reports of high radiation levels, of burning spent fuel, and apocalyptic footage of plumes of debris erupting from the stricken plant, will revive a question that seemed to have been retreating from global concerns: how safe is nuclear power?
gloss: The act of coming closer; an approach.
pos: noun
examples: But we can also take a more analytical attitude to these displays, interpreting the movements as no more than approachings, touchings, and departings with no implication that one shape caused the other to move.
Translations:
approbation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From late Middle English approbacioun, from Old French approbacion (French approbation), from Latin approbatio, from approbare (“to assent to as good, approve, also show to be good, confirm”), from ad (“to”) + probare (“approve, commend”), from probus (“good”).
Inflected forms:
form: approbations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval, sanction, commendation or official recognition.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: I am very sensible how much nobler it is to place the reward of virtue in the silent approbation of one's own breast
As a counsellor she was not wanted; but as an approver, (a much safer character,) she was truly welcome. Her approbation, at once general and minute, warm and incessant, could not but please; and for another half-hour they were all walking to and fro, between the different rooms, some suggesting, some attending, and all in happy enjoyment of the future.
[I]t was with the view to judge how far my own desires would act in harmony with the wishes of my family. Such an alliance cannot fail of meeting with their most flattering approbation.
Many, therefore, who did not assent to all that the King had said, joined in a loud hum of approbation when he concluded.
[A]nimals not only love, but have the desire to be loved. […] They love approbation or praise; […]
Translations:
alcoholic
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.
Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.
Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl)
Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.
Medieval Latin alcoholder.
Middle English alcofol
English alcohol
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English alcoholic
First attested 1891, from alcohol + -ic.
Base: alcohol
Affixes: -ic
Inflected forms:
form: alcoholics
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: more alcoholic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most alcoholic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: A person who is addicted to alcohol.
pos: noun
examples: Don't you know you've got your daddy's eyes
 Daddy was an alcoholic
Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic who still resists the idea that something drastic needs to happen for him to turn his life around.
gloss: One who abuses alcohol.
pos: noun
gloss: Of or pertaining to alcohol.
pos: adj
gloss: Having more than a trace amount of alcohol in its contents.
pos: adj
examples: He ordered an alcoholic beverage.
The oysters were sour, and excessively alcoholic.
A statement from the official Lao News Agency (KPL) Friday reported that “the consumption of tainted alcoholic beverages” was the suspected cause of the deaths.
gloss: Of, pertaining to, or affected by alcoholism.
pos: adj
Synonyms: alcoholic
distilled
fermented
inebriate
intoxicating
spirituous
Antonyms: teetotaler
on the wagon
nonalcoholic
alcohol-free
virgin
Related words: friend of Bill W.
alcohol
alcoholic beverage
drunk
drunkard
drunkenness
Derived words: beeraholic
waterholic
alcoholically
alcoholic encephalopathy
alcoholicity
Alcoholics Anonymous
aminoalcoholic
antialcoholic
anti-alcoholic
hydroalcoholic
non-alcoholic
nonalcoholic
prealcoholic
unalcoholic
workalcoholic
Translations:
nonalcoholic
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Germanic *ne
Proto-Indo-European *ís?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Germanic *ainaz
Proto-Germanic *nainaz
Proto-West Germanic *nain
Old English nān
Middle English non
▲
Old English nān
Old English nān-
Middle English non-
English non-
Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.
Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.
Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl)
Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.
Medieval Latin alcoholder.
Middle English alcofol
English alcohol
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English alcoholic
English nonalcoholic
From non- + alcoholic.
Inflected forms:
form: non-alcoholic
pos: adj
tags: alternative
British
mainly
form: nonalcoholics
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: non-alcoholic
pos: noun
tags: alternative
British
mainly
Senses:
gloss: Containing no more than trace amounts of alcohol.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Not involving alcohol as its cause.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: One who is not an alcoholic.
pos: noun
examples: A quarantine is indeed a trying time. Where “people who can drink normally” — A.A. lingo for nonalcoholics — are stocking up on liquor, A.A. members, and there are some 2.1 million of us, are hellbent on keeping the meetings going.
gloss: A nonalcoholic beverage.
pos: noun
examples: When asked if there was a degree of sadness to transition to non-alcoholics after nearly two decades of making spirits, Mathews said no.
Translations:
bistro
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Attested from c. 1920, from the French bistro(t) with the original meaning "proprietor of a tavern" (1880s), of unknown origin, presumably regional French dialect. See the French etymology for more.
Inflected forms:
form: bistros
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: bistrot
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A small casual restaurant or pub, typically serving French-style cuisine.
pos: noun
examples: Now, a coalition of bistro owners, unions and trade organizations is lobbying to get Unesco to grant Paris's sidewalk bistros and cafes official status as France's "intangible cultural heritage."
The rule that Christmas preparations should wait until after Thanksgiving doesn't apply to Hugue Dufour and his wife, Sarah Obraitis, the owners of M. Wells, a Québécois bistro in Long Island City.
Translations:
starring
Part of speech: verb
noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: starrings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: That which has the specified actor or actors, especially those in lead roles, in its cast.
pos: verb
examples: Ben-Hur, starring Charlton Heston
gloss: The action of the verb to star.
pos: noun
gloss: Performing as a star; having the leading role.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Charlton Heston had a starring role in Ben-Hur.
Translations:
maglev
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
Etymology: Syllabic abbreviation of magnetic levitation, equivalent to mag- + lev(itation).
Base: levitation
Affixes: mag-
Inflected forms:
form: maglevs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Describing a train, system, etc, that operates by magnetic levitation.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays. This set-up solves several problems […]. Stopping high-speed trains wastes energy and time, so why not simply slow them down enough for a moving platform to pull alongside?
After nearly three years of technical research, Ding said the team had developed a lightweight and high-strength train body that lays the technical foundation for the development of five sets of maglev engineering prototypes.
gloss: A train supported by magnetic levitation.
pos: noun
examples: When finished, the trains will be the fastest commercial maglevs developed and built completely by Chinese firms.
Translations:
bruschetta
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Italian bruschetta, from bruscare (“to toast”).
Inflected forms:
form: bruschettas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: bruschette
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A light Italian dish of toasted bread with a topping of olive oil, garlic and chopped tomatoes.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: She fished a napkin out of the basket and put the slice of bruschetta on it.
Translations:
noughties
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From nought (“zero”) + -ies (“plural of -y”), in imitation of the names of other decades (twenties, thirties, etc).
Base: nought
Affixes: -ies
Inflected forms:
form: Noughties
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: Naughties
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: naughties
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The decade consisting of the last year of the previous century and the first nine years of the next: from 1900 to 1909, 2000 to 2009, etc.
pos: noun
tags: UK
capitalized
plural
plural-only
sometimes
examples: Our readers — and contributors — are apt to elect a good deal according to years. The seventies and eighties, we may suppose, are concerned for the large educational and cultural interests of their Alma Mater; the nineties are deep in the practical and business activities; the noughties are not naughty, but still young enough to sport a fantastic costume at reunion and let the college wag as it will; the oneties are the really wise as to what the college ought to be, especially on its athletic side, but as contributors modest.
I doubt if any modern poet can boast of as loud acclaim or as liberal reward as Longfellow received for Evangeline or Tennyson for the Idylls, but his fate today is somewhat kinder than that of Poe or Whitman, and much gentler than the stony dole dealt out to poets in the nineties and noughties.
During the Naughty Noughties, Jim was worth between ten and twelve million dollars and his income was more than even he could reasonably spend.
Every young woman with "advanced" ideas must live in Paris during the decade of the "noughties," as they were dubbed by some wit.
An obsession with designer handbags, at ever-spiralling prices, became a phenomenon of the mid-noughties, driven principally by Louis Vuitton.
The noughties are the bridge between the pre-internet era, and the life we live now.
Translations: