hydrogen
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Hellenic *údōr
Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)
Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-)lbor.
French hydro-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os
Proto-Hellenic *génos
Ancient Greek γένος (génos)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs)lbor.
French -gène
French hydrogènebor.
English hydrogen
Borrowed from French hydrogène (“hydrogen”), coined by the French chemists Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau (1737–1816) and Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794) from hydro- (prefix meaning ‘water’) + -gène (suffix denoting a producer of something), from the fact that water is produced as a compound when hydrogen is oxidized.
* The prefix hydro- is borrowed from Ancient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-), from ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr, “water”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water”).
* The suffix -gène is borrowed from Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs, suffix meaning ‘born in a certain condition or place’), from γένος (génos, “descendant, offspring; race; etc.”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, produce; to give birth”)) + -ης (-ēs, suffix forming some third-declension adjectives).
By surface analysis, hydro- (prefix meaning ‘water’) + -gen (suffix denoting a producer of something).
Inflected forms:
form: hydrogens
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The lightest chemical element (symbol H), with an atomic number of 1 and atomic weight of 1.008.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Our professor then reminded us that a hydrogen ion is merely a proton, and thus we should think about acid-base theory as we consider this problem further.
The ignis fatuus or Jack a lantern, ſo frequently alluded to by poets, is ſuppoſed to originate from the inflammable air, or Hydrogene, given up from moraſſes; […]
But my Leech—a leech / Fit to suck blood, with lubricous round rings, / Capaciously expatiative, which make / His little body like a red balloon, / As full of blood as that of hydrogen, / Sucked from men's hearts; […]
Water is the sole product of the combustion of hydrogen gas. For this important fact we are indebted to Mr. [Henry] Cavendish. He demonstrated it by burning oxygen and hydrogen gases in a dry glass vessel, when a quantity of pure water was generated exactly equal in weight to that of the gases which had disappeared.
It was an enormous balloon filled with helium, that elemental gas forged from hydrogen in the nuclear furnace of the stars, first step along the way in the generation of multiplicity and variety of matter in the universe, including our selves and all our thoughts.
gloss: The lightest chemical element (symbol H), with an atomic number of 1 and atomic weight of 1.008.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: Each carbon of the ring has one hydrogen attached except for the fourth one, which is bonded to a substituent.
Water occupies an intermediate position and shows tendencies both to add and give up hydrogen, which are nearly balanced. Then, in terms of the Lewis theory, a free pair of electrons on one water molecule might be able to exert sufficient force on a hydrogen held by a pair of electrons on another water molecule to bind the two molecules together.
[H]ydrogens are also classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the type of carbon to which each is bonded. Those attached to primary carbons are classified as primary hydrogens, those on secondary carbons are secondary hydrogens, and those on tertiary carbons are tertiary hydrogens. Hydrogen atoms in a compound can be divided into equivalent sets. Equivalent hydrogens have the same chemical environment. A direct way to determine which hydrogens in a molecule are equivalent is to replace each in turn by a "test atom," as for example a halogen atom.
gloss: Molecular hydrogen (sense 1; symbol H₂), a colourless, odourless and flammable gas at room temperature.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: A large tank of hydrogen constituted most of the bulk of that rocket.
[Jacques] Charles was the first to send up a hydrogen balloon, 12 feet in diameter, which rose 3,123 feet, disappeared in the clouds, and fell at the distance of 15 miles.
As the tension between the Soviets and the United States increased from 1948 to 1950, the administration took a number of actions that [George Frost] Kennan felt narrowed the possibilities for constructive negotiations between the two nations. These actions included the decisions to build the hydrogen bomb, to maintain American troops in Japan after the formal occupation was over, to create an independent West German state, and to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
To this end the Department of Science and Technology has identified the hydrogen economy and related fuel cell technologies as a "Frontier Science and Technology Area" that could potentially change the innovation course of the country's natural resources, and yield multiple social and economic benefits.
gloss: Molecular hydrogen (sense 1; symbol H₂), a colourless, odourless and flammable gas at room temperature.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: Synonym of protium (“the lightest and most common isotope of hydrogen (sense 1; symbol H, ¹H, or 11H), as contrasted with deuterium and tritium”).
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Both hydrogen and deuterium are present in every glass of water that you drink, but the amount of deuterium is rather small.
Hydrogen is generally considered to be electronically the same as deuterium. […] Neutron diffraction experiments by Ferguson, Schindler, Tanaka, and Morita (ref. 4) revealed that, near 50K, some hydrogen had moved from interstitial octahedral sites (0, 0, 1/2; 1/2, 0, 0; …) of the palladium lattice to the tetrahedral sites (1/4, 1/4, 1/4; 3/4, 3/4; …) (O-T transitions).
Synonyms: element 1
hydrogen air
hydrogen gas
hydrogenium
inflammable air
waterstuff
Related words: hydrate
hydr-
hydro-
hydride
hydrion
hydrogenase
hydrogenite
hydronium
Derived words: antihydrogen
antimoniated hydrogen
antimoniureted hydrogen
antimoniuretted hydrogen
arseniureted hydrogen
arseniuretted hydrogen
bicarbureted hydrogen
biohydrogen
black hydrogen
blue hydrogen
brown hydrogen
carbo-hydrogen
carbureted hydrogen
carburetted hydrogen
dark hydrogen
dehydrogenase
dehydrogenise
dehydrogenize
dihydrogen
disodium hydrogen phosphate
gray hydrogen
green hydrogen
grey hydrogen
heavy hydrogen
hycean
hydrazine
hydric
hydricity
hydriodic
hydrocarbonate
hydrocarbonous
hydrogen-0
hydrogen-1
hydrogen-2
hydrogen-3
hydrogen acetate
hydrogen acid
hydrogen air
hydrogen arsenate
hydrogen arsenide
hydrogenate
hydrogenation
hydrogen balloon
hydrogen bomb
hydrogen bond
hydrogen-bonded
hydrogen-bonding
hydrogen bromide
hydrogen burning
hydrogen car
hydrogen carbonate
hydrogen chlorate
hydrogen chloride
hydrogen chlorite
hydrogen cyanide
hydrogen cycle
hydrogen dioxide
hydrogen disulfide
hydrogen disulphide
hydrogen economy
hydrogen electrode
hydrogen embrittlement
hydrogeneted
hydrogenetted
hydrogen fluoride
hydrogen gas
hydrogen gas electrode
hydrogen halide
hydrogen harmonicon
hydrogen hydroxide
hydrogenian
hydrogenic
hydrogenide
hydrogeniferous
hydrogen iodate
hydrogen iodide
hydrogen ion
hydrogenise
hydrogenize
hydrogenium
hydrogen lamp
hydrogenless
hydrogen-like
hydrogen line
hydrogenlyase
hydrogen maser atomic clock
hydrogen monoxide
hydrogen nitrate
hydrogenolysis
hydrogenonium
hydrogenosome
hydrogenotrophic
hydrogenous
hydrogenoxalate
hydrogen oxide
hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen potassium carbonate
hydrogen protoxide
hydrogenselenate
hydrogen selenide
hydrogen sodium arsenate
hydrogen spectral series
hydrogen spectrum
hydrogen station
hydrogensulfate
hydrogen sulfate
hydrogen sulphate
hydrogen sulfide
hydrogen sulphide
hydrogensulfite
hydrogen sulfite
hydrogen sulphite
hydrogen telluride
hydrogen vehicle
hydrogen warhead
hydroguret
hydrolley
hydroquinone
hydrosulfate
hydrosulphate
hydrosulfide
hydrosulphide
hydrosulfureted
hydrosulphuretted
hydrosulfuret
hydrosulphuret
hydrosulfuric
hydrosulphuric
hydrosulfurous
hydrosulphurous
hydroxy-
hydroxyl
hydruret
hyperhydrogen
kaonic hydrogen
lead hydrogen arsenate
light hydrogen
metallic hydrogen
monohydrogen
nascent hydrogen
non-hydrogen
nonhydrogen
normal hydrogen
normal hydrogen electrode
nuclear hydrogen detection meter
organohydrogen
orthohydrogen
oxy-hydrogen
oxyhydrogen
parahydrogen
phosphorated hydrogen
phosphoreted hydrogen
phosphoretted hydrogen
phosphureted hydrogen
phosphuretted hydrogen
photohydrogen
potassium hydrogen carbonate
radiohydrogen
red hydrogen
seleniureted hydrogen
seleniuretted hydrogen
sodium hydrogen arsenate
sodium hydrogen carbonate
sodium hydrogen phosphate
sodium hydrogen sulfite
sodium hydrogen sulphite
solid hydrogen
standard hydrogen electrode
sulfide of hydrogen
sulphide of hydrogen
sulfureted hydrogen
sulphuretted hydrogen
tellureted hydrogen
telluretted hydrogen
telluride of hydrogen
trihydric
trihydrogen
Translations:
lang: Abkhaz
word: аӡри
roman: adzri
lang: Afrikaans
word: waterstof
lang: Albanian
word: hidrogjen
lang: Amharic
word: ሃይድሮጅን
roman: haydəroǧn
lang: Arabic
word: هَيْدُرُوجِين
roman: haydurūjīn
lang: Arabic
word: هِيدْرُوجِين
roman: hīdrūjīn
lang: Aragonese
word: hidrocheno
lang: Armenian
word: ջրածին
roman: ǰracin
lang: Asturian
word: hidróxenu
lang: Azerbaijani
word: مولدالماء
roman: muvallidulma'a
lang: Azerbaijani
word: hidrogen
lang: Azerbaijani
word: müvəllidülma
lang: Basque
word: hidrogeno
lang: Belarusian
word: вадаро́д
roman: vadaród
lang: Belarusian
word: воднік
roman: vodnik
lang: Bengali
word: উদজান
roman: udojan
lang: Bengali
word: হাইড্রোজেন
roman: haiḍrōjen
lang: Bhojpuri
word: उदजन
roman: udᵊjan
lang: Breton
word: hidrogen
lang: Bulgarian
word: водоро́д
roman: vodoród
lang: Burmese
word: ဟိုက်ဒရိုဂျင်
roman: huikda.ruigyang
lang: Buryat
word: уһантүрэгшэ
roman: uhantüregše
lang: Carpathian Rusyn
word: гідроґе́н
roman: hidrogén
lang: Carpathian Rusyn
word: во́день
roman: vódenʹ
lang: Catalan
word: hidrogen
lang: Cebuano
word: idroheno
lang: Cebuano
word: hidroheno
lang: Cherokee
word: ᏭᏓᏌᎧᎯᏴ ᎤᏃᎴ
roman: wudasakahiyv unole
lang: Chinese Cantonese
word: 氫 /氢
roman: hing¹
lang: Eastern Min Chinese
word: 氫 /氢
roman: kĭng
lang: Hakka Chinese
word: 氫 /氢
roman: khîn
lang: Chinese
word: 水素
roman: zh-min-nan
lang: Chinese
word: 氫 /氢
roman: kheng, khin
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 氫 /氢
roman: qīng
lang: Wu Chinese
word: 氫 /氢
lang: Chuvash
word: водород
roman: vodorod
lang: Cornish
word: hidrojen
lang: Corsican
word: idrogenu
lang: Czech
word: vodík
lang: Danish
word: hydrogen
lang: Danish
word: brint
lang: Dogri
word: उदजन
roman: udjan
lang: Dutch
word: waterstof
lang: Erzya
word: ведь чачтый
roman: veď čačtïj
lang: Esperanto
word: hidrogeno
lang: Estonian
word: vesinik
lang: Farefare
word: ko'om-walʋm
lang: Faroese
word: hydrogen
lang: Faroese
word: brint
lang: Faroese
word: loftevni
lang: Faroese
word: vatnevni
lang: Faroese
word: vetni
lang: Finnish
word: vety
lang: French
word: hydrogène
lang: North Frisian
word: wååderstuf
lang: Saterland Frisian
word: Woaterstof
lang: West-Frisian
word: wetterstof
lang: Friulian
word: idrogjen
lang: Galician
word: hidróxeno
lang: Garhwali
word: उदजन
roman: udjan
lang: Georgian
word: წყალბადი
roman: c̣q̇albadi
lang: German
word: Hydrogen
lang: German
word: Hydrogenium
lang: German
word: Wasserstoff
lang: Bavarian German
word: Wassastoff
lang: Central Franconian
word: Wasserstoff
lang: German
word: Wassaschdoff
lang: Greek
word: υδρογόνο
roman: ydrogóno
lang: Pontic Greek
word: υδρογόνον
roman: ydrogónon
lang: Greenlandic
word: brinti
lang: Gujarati
word: ઉદજન
roman: udajan
lang: Haitian Creole
word: idwojèn
lang: Hawaiian
word: haikokene
lang: Hebrew
word: מֵימָן
roman: meiman
lang: Hindi
word: उदजन
roman: udjan
lang: Hindi
word: हाइड्रोजन
roman: hāiḍrojan
lang: Hungarian
word: hidrogén
lang: Hungarian
word: gyulany
lang: Hungarian
word: köneny
lang: Icelandic
word: vetni
lang: Ido
word: hidrogeno
lang: Indonesian
word: hidrogen
lang: Indonesian
word: zat air
lang: Ingrian
word: vodoroda
lang: Interlingua
word: hydrogeno
lang: Inuktitut
word: ᐳᓪᓚᕐᓂᐅᕿᓐᓂᖅᐹᖅ
roman: pollarnioqinniqpaaq
lang: Irish
word: hidrigin
lang: Italian
word: idrogeno
lang: Japanese
word: 水素
roman: suiso
lang: Javanese
word: hidrogen
lang: Jumli
word: उदजन
roman: udjan
lang: Kachchi
word: ઉદજન
roman: udajan
lang: Kalmyk
word: үстөр
roman: üstör
lang: Kannada
word: ಜಲಜನಕ
roman: jalajanaka
lang: Kashubian
word: wòdzyk
lang: Kazakh
word: сутегі
roman: sutegı
lang: Kazakh
word: сутек
roman: sutek
lang: Khmer
word: អ៊ីដ្រូសែន
roman: idrusaen
lang: Komi-Permyak
word: ваувтыр
roman: vauvtyr
lang: Komi-Zyrian
word: вачужысь
roman: vaćužyś
lang: Korean
word: 수소
roman: suso
lang: Kumaoni
word: उदजन
roman: udjan
lang: Northern Kurdish
word: hîdrojen
lang: Kyrgyz
word: суутек
roman: suutek
lang: Lao
word: ອິດໂລເຊນ
roman: ʼit lō sēn
lang: Lao
word: ອິດໂຣເຊນ
roman: ʼit rō sēn
lang: Latgalian
word: iudineklis
lang: Latin
word: hydrogenium
lang: Latvian
word: ūdeņradis
lang: Limburgish
word: waterstof
lang: Lingala
word: idrojɛ́ní
lang: Lithuanian
word: vandenilis
lang: Lombard
word: idrògen
lang: Low German
word: Waterstoff
lang: Low German
word: Woterstoff
lang: Luxembourgish
word: Waasserstoff
lang: Macedonian
word: водород
roman: vodorod
lang: Malay
word: hidrogen
lang: Malay
word: zat air
lang: Malayalam
word: ജലവായു
roman: jalavāyu
lang: Malayalam
word: ഹൈഡ്രജൻ
roman: haiḍrajaṉ
lang: Maltese
word: idroġenu
lang: Manx
word: hiddragien
lang: Māori
word: hauwai
lang: Marathi
word: उदजन
roman: udjan
lang: Mingrelian
word: წყარბადიშ
roman: c̣q̇arbadiš
lang: Moksha
word: ведьшачфты
roman: veďšačftï
lang: Mongolian
word: устөрөгч
roman: ustörögč
lang: Mongolian
word: ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠴᠢ
roman: usutöröɣči
lang: Nahuatl
word: āyōcoxqui
lang: Navajo
word: háájiʼjin
lang: Nepali
word: उदजन
roman: udajan
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: hydrogen
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: vanntoff
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: vass-stoff
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: vasstoff
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: hydrogen
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: brenne
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: vass-stoff
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: vasstoff
lang: Occitan
word: idrogèn
lang: Odia
word: ଉଦ୍ଜାନ
roman: udjāna
lang: Ossetian
word: донгуыр
lang: Pannonian Rusyn
word: водонїк
roman: vodonjik
lang: Pannonian Rusyn
word: гидроґен
roman: hidrogen
lang: Papiamentu
word: hidrogeno
lang: Pashto
word: هايډروجن
roman: hayḍroǰán
lang: Persian
word: هیدروژن
roman: hidrožen
lang: Pitcairn-Norfolk
word: hiidrojen
lang: Polish
word: wodór
lang: Brazilian Portuguese
word: hidrogênio
lang: European Portuguese
word: hidrogénio
lang: Punjabi
word: ਉਦਜਨ
roman: udajan
lang: Quechua
word: idruhinu
lang: Quechua
word: yakuchaq
lang: Romanian
word: hidrogen
lang: Russian
word: водоро́д
roman: vodoród
lang: Samogitian
word: ondėnilis
lang: Sanskrit
word: उदजन
roman: udajana
lang: Santali
word: ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱡᱮᱱ
roman: hayḍrôjen
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: haidreagain
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: во̀дӣк
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: водоник
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: vòdīk
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: vodonik
lang: Sicilian
word: idrògginu
lang: Sindhi
word: उदजन
roman: udjan
lang: Sinhalese
word: ජලකර
roman: jalakara
lang: Slovak
word: vodík
lang: Slovene
word: vodik
lang: Lower Sorbian
word: wóźik
lang: Upper Sorbian
word: wodźik
lang: Sotho
word: sehlolametsi
lang: Spanish
word: hidrógeno
lang: Sranan Tongo
word: watraskotriki
lang: Sundanese
word: hidrogén
lang: Swahili
word: hidrojeni
lang: Swedish
word: väte
lang: Tagalog
word: idroheno
lang: Tajik
word: гидроген
roman: gidrogen
lang: Tajik
word: ҳидроген
roman: hidrogen
lang: Tamil
word: நீரகம்
roman: nīrakam
lang: Tamil
word: ஹைட்ரஜன்
roman: haiṭrajaṉ
lang: Telugu
word: ఉదజని
roman: udajani
lang: Telugu
word: హైడ్రోజన్
roman: haiḍrōjan
lang: Thai
word: ไฮโดรเจน
roman: hai-droo-jeen
lang: Tongan
word: ʻeavai
lang: Turkish
word: hidrojen
lang: Turkish
word: müvellidülmâ
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: مولدالما
roman: müvellidü'l-mâ'
lang: Turkmen
word: wodorod
lang: Ukrainian
word: во́день
roman: vódenʹ
lang: Urdu
word: ہائیڈروجن
roman: hāiḍrojan
lang: Uyghur
word: ھىدروگېن
roman: hidrogën
lang: Uzbek
word: vodorod
lang: Uzbek
word: водород
roman: vodorod
lang: Veps
word: vezinik
lang: Vietnamese
word: hiđrô
lang: Vietnamese
word: hi-đrô
lang: Vietnamese
word: hyđrô
lang: Vietnamese
word: hy-đrô
lang: Vietnamese
word: khinh khí
lang: Vietnamese
word: hiđro
lang: Volapük
word: hidrin
lang: Võro
word: vesinik
lang: Walloon
word: idrodjinne
lang: Welsh
word: hydrogen
lang: Welsh
word: ulai
lang: West Flemish
word: woaterstof
lang: Xhosa
word: umngxengamoya
lang: Yiddish
word: הידראָגען
roman: hidrogen
lang: Yiddish
word: וואַסערשטאָף
roman: vasershtof