yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
great-grandparent
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English great-
English grandparent
English great-grandparent
From great- + grandparent.
Inflected forms:
form: great-grandparents
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: great grandparent
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A parent of a grandparent; a grandparent of a parent.
pos: noun
Translations:
atopic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English atopy
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English atopic
From atopy + -ic.
Inflected forms:
form: more atopic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most atopic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Pertaining to or suffering from atopy.
pos: adj
Translations:
humdrum
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Possible reduplication of hum, 1550s.
Inflected forms:
form: more humdrum
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most humdrum
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: humdrums
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Lacking variety or excitement; dull; boring.
pos: adj
examples: In the valley there would have been feasting and celebration, and then dancing at the wedding, and afterwards the turmoil of a brief romance turning to humdrum married life, the cares of her house, the cares of children, anxiety, fret, illness, trouble, the day-by-day routine of growing old.
He suggested cusk, because he knew they would have it. She had never heard of cusk. “Doesn't it sound exotic!” she said. “Exotic indeed!” he laughed, and almost told her what a humdrum fish it really was, but stopped himself.
With that kind of line-up it was probably inevitable that there would be a few spells when England looked what they were: a team that was trying to find some rhythm, unbeaten for eight years in humdrum qualifying groups but still not entirely sure about whether that makes them any good.
gloss: The quality of lacking variety or excitement.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: I think it helped distract us from the dry, humdrum, and heat of the here and now.
gloss: A stupid fellow.
pos: noun
tags: countable
dated
examples: So, after settling it that Mr. and Mrs. Wilson were complete country humdrums, the daughters hoydens, the sons awkward half-dandies, and the company altogether any thing but agreeable, she came to a conclusion she had done fifty times before, that the country was not like London.
Translations:
ravine
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from French ravin (“a gully”), from Old French raviner (“to pillage, sweep down, cascade”), from ravine (“robbery, rapine; violent rush of water, waterfall, avalanche; impetuosity, spirit”), from Latin rapīna (cf. rapine).
Inflected forms:
form: ravines
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A deep narrow valley or gorge in the earth's surface worn by running water.
pos: noun
examples: Sometimes the earth stretched up towards them with peaks of mountains, sometimes it fell away in steep ravines, blue rivers sang to them as they passed above them, or very faintly came the song of breezes in lone orchards, and far away the sea sang mighty dirges of old forsaken isles.
He fell into a reverie, a most dangerous state of mind for a chauffeur, since a fall into reverie on the part of a driver may mean a fall into a ravine on the part of the machine.
Thirty feet below her, where the Persians were crashing through the brush, the streambed kinked to the left side of the ravine and ran under an enormous thorn tree with a thick base.
Translations:
redux
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin redux (“that returns”), from redūcō (“to bring back”). The word may have re-entered popular usage in the United States with the publication of the novel Rabbit Redux (1971) by John Updike, although it had previously been used in medicine, literary titles, and product names.
Inflected forms:
form: reduxes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of a topic, redone, restored, brought back, or revisited.
pos: adj
tags: attributive
not-comparable
postpositional
examples: After an unusually cold August, September felt like summer redux as a heatwave sent temperatures soaring.
10. It's Microsoft Redux All Over Again. Maybe the fat lady hasn't crooned the final note, but the petite lady who carried the most weight, US District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly, wrote the denouement to the Microsoft antitrust fiasco.
gloss: A theme or topic that is redone, restored, brought back, or revisited.
pos: noun
examples: With the exception of the leader's boppish title tune, the album is filled with anarchistic jazz reduxes of Nichols, Ellington, Kurt Weill, and Cole Porter.
The band chased the video up with an acoustic redux of the track, as well as performances on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and Macy’s annual Fourth Of July Spectacular in New York.
Translations:
attestation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: business
finance
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: From Middle French attestation, from Latin attestātiō; by surface analysis, attest + -ation.
Inflected forms:
form: attestations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A thing that serves to bear witness, confirm, or authenticate; validation, verification, documentation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A confirmation or authentication.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The process, performed by accountants or auditors, of providing independent opinion on published financial and other business records of an enterprise, public agency, or other organization.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: An appearance in print or otherwise recorded on a permanent medium.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: A historical dictionary cannot do this though it cannot also neglect this aspect because the attestation of a rare meaning is bound to be very limited.
The eastern-most attestation of Sl skola in the meaning of synagogue appears to be in Smolensk Russian.
So something must have been developing over long periods empty of attestation; and whatever it was, it must (by principles to be discussed in the next section) have been a language of the usual kind.
For each word, the date of its first attestation in the English language, as documented in the Oxford English Dictionary, and its frequency of occurrence in the British National Corpus are given.
Furthermore, the first attestations given in the OED are not always the earliest attestations in print; since the first edition was finished in 1928, many earlier and later examples have been identified, and these will be incorporated into the third edition, currently underway (see Durkin 2002 for a discussion of how much this is likely to change the dates of attestation in the OED as a whole).
In the first edition this is generally chronological, i.e. following the earliest date of attestation for each sense
Related words: attestative
attested
attestive
Derived words: attestation clause
coattestation
nonattestation
Translations:
salience
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
social-science
social-sciences
Inflected forms:
form: saliences
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The condition of being salient.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A highlight; perceptual prominence, or likelihood of being noticed.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Relative importance based on context.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Derived words: aberrant salience
hypersalience
Translations:
bulletproof
Part of speech: adj
verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English bullet
English -proof
English bulletproof
From bullet + -proof.
Inflected forms:
form: more bulletproof
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most bulletproof
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: bullet-proof
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: bulletproofs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: bulletproofing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: bulletproofed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: bulletproofed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: bullet-proof
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: bulletproofs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: bullet-proof
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Capable of withstanding a direct shot by a bullet fired from a gun.
pos: adj
examples: bulletproof window
bulletproof vest
bulletproof car.
YouTube is awash in gun content, often referred to as “GunTube” by firearm enthusiasts. Individuals who come to GunTube—including children and teens—can find videos which glorify assault weapons, show how to modify firearms, and teach viewers how to shoot through bulletproof glass or “win gunfights.”
gloss: Reliable, infallible, sturdy or error-tolerant.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
examples: bulletproof hosting
The packed opening night of Twain’s first UK tour since 2004 is an impressively barnstorming, thigh-slapping, eye-searing revue that marries her bulletproof back catalogue with a cautious sprinkle of new material.
But what tone indicators lack in artfulness, they make up for in their bulletproof inability to be misinterpreted.
gloss: To make proof against bullets.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To make resistant to failure.
pos: verb
tags: informal
transitive
examples: We have to bulletproof this program before we let the users at it; check every input, catch every possible flaw... it must not fail in use.
gloss: A liquor store
pos: noun
tags: slang
examples: I converted it to a mini-bar and then I went to every single bulletproof in my neighborhood and ordered a ridiculous amount.
Derived words: bulletproof coffee
bulletproof host
bulletproof hosting
bulletproofness
bulletproof vest
Translations:
curmudgeon
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Numerous folk etymologies exist for this word.
An alternative spelling attested in 1600 is cornmudgin, in Holland's translation of Livy, rendering Latin frūmentārius (“corn-merchant”). This has been suggested as the original form of the word, but OED notes that curmudgeon is attested some years before this, concluding that cornmudgin was merely a nonce-word by Holland.
The word is attested from the late 1500s in the forms curmudgeon and curmudgen, and during the 17th century in numerous spelling variants, including cormogeon, cormogion, cormoggian, cormudgeon, curmudgion, curmuggion, curmudgin, curr-mudgin, curre-megient.
Inflected forms:
form: curmudgeons
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An ill-tempered person full of stubborn ideas or opinions, often an older man.
pos: noun
examples: Near-synonyms: crank, grump; grumpy pants (often childish), sourpuss, grouch
There's a cranky curmudgeon working at the hospital who gives all the patients and other doctors flak.
John Doe's old age and stubborn aversion to new ideas make him a curmudgeon of a candidate.
After a while, as cultural debates became more polarized, the editorial tone of the New Criterion went from being charmingly curmudgeon to being bitterly shrill.
How to Be a Curmudgeon on the Internet
How should I respond, without appearing to be a curmudgeon?
gloss: A miser.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
Derived words: curmudgeonhood
curmudgeonish
curmudgeonism
curmudgeonly
curmudgeonous
curmudgeonry
curmudgeony
Translations:
womanize
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *wībą
Proto-West Germanic *wīb
Old English wīf
Proto-Indo-European *mon-
Proto-Germanic *mann-
Proto-West Germanic *mann
Old English mann
Old English wīfmann
Middle English womman
English woman
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.
Late Latin -izōder.
Middle French -iserbor.
Middle English -isen
English -ize
English womanize
From woman + -ize.
Inflected forms:
form: womanizes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: womanizing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: womanized
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: womanized
pos: verb
tags: past
form: womanise
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To flirt with or seduce, or attempt to seduce, women, especially lecherously.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To turn into a woman; to feminize.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
transitive
usually
examples: [T]his effeminate loue of a wõman, doth ſo womanize a man, that (if hee yeeld to it) it will not onely make him an Amazon; but a launder, a diſtaff-ſpinner; or what ſo euer other vile occupation their idle heads can imagin and their weake hands performe.
Another bolt passed between Iucharba's legs, nearly womanizing him with its blast of heat. "EEEeeeYOW!" he howled.
Samson himself is a gender paradox: while the focus on his hair links him with the women he pursues, it is also the source of his masculine strength, whose loss womanizes him.
Love for a woman was believed to produce an especially dangerous kind of effeminacy. Following this line of thinking, Musidorus charges that Pyrocles' infatuation threatens to 'womanize' him
Derived words: dewomanize
womaniser
womanizer
Translations:
Hokkien
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.
Inflected forms:
form: Hokkian
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hok Kian
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hok-kian
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hokien
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hukkien
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hokyen
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hok-kien
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hok-Kien
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hokkeen
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hok-keen
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hokkeën
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: Hokkëèn
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Of or relating to the Fujianese people.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China.
pos: adj
tags: dated
not-comparable
Translations:
calamity
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French calamité, from Latin calamitās (“loss, damage; disaster”).
Inflected forms:
form: calamities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An event resulting in great loss.
pos: noun
examples: Romeo come forth / Come forth thou fearfull man, / Affliction is enamor’d of thy parts: / And thou art wedded to calamitie.
Yet, at that moment, she felt as if the acquisition of these gems were a calamity. Their possession involved separation from her uncle, from every relic of home affections, and from all that yet lingered with her of her childhood.
And the village was deserted, the huts gaped black, rotting, all askew within the fallen enclosures. A calamity had come to it, sure enough.
gloss: The distress that results from some disaster.
pos: noun
examples: They were behind twice, first in the 11th minute when James Morrison scored a goal that was a personal calamity for Hart, and then four minutes into the second half when Kenny Miller eluded Gary Cahill to score with a splendid left-foot drive.
Related words: calamitous
calamitously
Derived words: calamitist
calamity howler
fiscalamity
Translations:
actuary
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin āctuārius (“copyist, account-keeper”), from āctus (“public business”); see actuarius.
Inflected forms:
form: actuaries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Registrar, clerk.
pos: noun
tags: dated
gloss: A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.
pos: noun
Related words: actuarial
Derived words: actuarily
actuaryship
Translations:
shul
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Yiddish שול (shul, “school, synagogue”), from Old High German scuola (“school”), from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). Doublet of schola and school.
Inflected forms:
form: shuls
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: shuln
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: shool
pos: noun
tags: alternative
dated
form: schul
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: schule
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: shule
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An Ashkenazi synagogue.
pos: noun
tags: Judaism
examples: That Asher's mind would have also been on Elohim, at this moment receiving prayers in Asher's shul, goes without saying.
Unfortunately, she has used the attack as a launch pad for a bizarre and undercooked exercise in rhetorical bothsidesism, in which she argues that American Jews should be just as worried about college students who overzealously criticize Israel as they are about the aspiring Einsatzgruppen who shoot up shuls.
This is a regular shul outfit: the denizens of St John’s Wood United Synagogue are well used to their most colourful member looking like he’s going to a Purim party every week of the year. […] The other reason he has upped his synagogue attendance is more positive. “My life has been about introducing everyone to everyone and going to shul can be like one big party.
Translations:
quiff
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps a variant of coif.
Inflected forms:
form: quiffs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: quiffing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: quiffed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: quiffed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To arrange (the hair) in such a manner.
pos: verb
tags: UK
Translations:
forelock
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English *forelock, *forelok, from Old English forelocc, equivalent to fore- + lock.
Base: lock
Affixes: fore-
Inflected forms:
form: forelocks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: forelocks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: forelocking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: forelocked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: forelocked
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: The part of a person's hairstyle which covers the forehead.
pos: noun
examples: His fair large front and eye sublime declared / Absolute rule; and hyacinthine locks / Round from his parted forelock manly hung / Clustering, but not beneath his shoulders broad:
1734, The Koran: Commonly Called the Alkoran of Mohammed, translated by George Sale, Sura 96, Congealed Blood, http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/7440/pg7440-images.html
Doth he not know that GOD seeth? / Assuredly. Verily, if he forbear not, we will drag him by the forelock, / the lying, sinful forelock. / And let him call his council to assistance: / we also will call the infernal guards to cast him into hell.
Warm with the blood of lads I know / Comes east the sighing air. / / It fanned their temples, filled their lungs, / Scattered their forelocks free;
This little boy, still flicking his head to one side between sentences though the long blond forelock that once excused the tic had been cut […]
gloss: The part of a horse's (or similar animal's) mane that lies on its forehead.
pos: noun
examples: […] the gates themselves slowly parted, there appeared a large horse's head, with a plaited forelock under a decorated yoke, and slowly there rolled into the road a small cart, like those driven by horse-dealers, and higglers.
Even Boxer was vaguely troubled. He set his ears back, shook his forelock several times, and tried hard to marshal his thoughts; but in the end he could not think of anything to say.
gloss: To fix in place with a forelock (wedge)
pos: verb
examples: At one extremity each pair was firmly connected by a short, massive, iron link, of about two feet in length; and, at its opposite end, a large eye-bolt was driven into each stick, where it was securely forelocked.
Derived words: forelocked
forelocking
take time by the forelock
tug one's forelock
pull one's forelock
touch one's forelock
Translations:
Scillonian
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: Scillonians
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A native or inhabitant of the Isles of Scilly, a Scilly Islander.
pos: noun
gloss: Of or relating to the Isles of Scilly.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
expunge
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs
Proto-Italic *eks
Latin ex
Latin ex-
Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.
Proto-Italic *pungō
Latin pungō
Latin expungerelbor.
English expunge
Learned borrowing from Latin expungere.
Inflected forms:
form: expunges
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: expunging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: expunged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: expunged
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To erase or strike out.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The gentleman from Texas [Mr. CRAIN] asks unanimous consent to expunge from the RECORD and from the Journal the motion to excuse the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. ALLEN] […]
gloss: To eliminate completely; to annihilate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To delete permanently (e-mail etc.) that was previously marked for deletion but still stored.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Related words: expunction
Derived words: expungable
expungee
expungement
expunger
expungible
expunging
expungings
inexpungable
inexpungible
unexpungable
unexpunged
Translations:
RIP
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Originally coined in Selker et al. (1987) as an acronym for rearrangement induced premeiotically, which was later renamed repeat-induced point mutation in Cambareri et al. (1989).
Inflected forms:
form: R.I.P.
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: rip
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Repeat-induced point mutation, a process by which both copies of duplicated sequences are mutated.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: The RIP process can be extremely efficient. A linked duplication of 6 kb of Neurospora DNA, whose elements were separated by 7.5 kb of bacterial and unique Neurospora sequences, never survived a cross unrearranged.
Thus, the RIP process results in point mutations, consistent with the results from the heteroduplex analyses. On the basis of this information, we suggest changing the name of the phenomenon from "rearrangement induced premeiotically" to "repeat-induced point mutation."
To investigate the impact of RIP on protein families in Neurospora, genes were clustered into ‘multigene families’ on the basis of an all versus all comparison of protein sequences (see Methods).
Translations:
archimandrite
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: Catholicism
Christianity
Etymology: Borrowed from French archimandrite, from Latin archimandrīta, from late Ancient Greek ἀρχιμανδρίτης (arkhimandrítēs), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “highest”) + μάνδρα (mándra, “enclosure, cloister, monastery”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, “member of”).
Inflected forms:
form: archimandrites
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The superior of a large monastery, or group of monasteries, in the Orthodox Church.
pos: noun
examples: My predecessors generally preferred to live and work in the monastery proper, but I like the solitude of the caves. I have been an archimandrite, here at Pskov, since 1915 and a humble monk for twenty years before that.
gloss: An honorary title sometimes given to a monastic priest.
pos: noun
tags: rare
Derived words: archimandrital
Translations:
peafowl
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From pea (“peacock”) + fowl. Compare Icelandic páfugl (“peafowl”), Swedish påfågel (“peafowl”), Danish påfugl (“peafowl”).
Compound parts: pea
fowl
Inflected forms:
form: peafowls
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: peafowl
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A bird of the genus Pavo or Afropavo, notable for the extravagant tails of the males; a peacock (unspecified sex).
pos: noun
Translations:
peahen
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English pehenne, equivalent to pea (“peafowl”) + hen. Compare Icelandic páhæna (“peahen”). See also peacock, peafowl, peachick, etc.
Compound parts: pea
hen
Inflected forms:
form: peahens
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A female peafowl.
pos: noun
examples: It shows the peahens that the peacock is strong.
Translations:
hightail
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From high + tail; refers to the behavior of fleeing animals, such as deer, that raise their tail when running away.
Base: high
Inflected forms:
form: hightails
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: hightailing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: hightailed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: hightailed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To move at full speed, especially in retreat.
pos: verb
tags: Canada
US
informal
transitive
usually
examples: He hightailed it toward town.
I want you to hightail your butt out of there before they come back.
When I saw he had scored, I just hightailed out of there, because all those people started running down on the field and that's a lot more dangerous than playing.
Translations:
physicist
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From physics + -ist. Coined by the English polymath William Whewell (1794–1866) in his book The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences (1840): see the quotation.
Base: physics
Affixes: -ist
Inflected forms:
form: physicists
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A person whose occupation specializes in the science of physics, especially at a professional level.
pos: noun
examples: Thus we may say, that while the Naturalist employs principally the ideas of resemblance and life, the Physicist proceeds upon the ideas of force, matter, and the properties of matter.
Physicists find themselves called in to deal with such varied problems as the reduction of noise in diesel railcars, investigation of the Hertzian stresses set up by wheel-rail contact and improvement of the insulation of fish and banana vans.
gloss: A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles (opposed to vitalist).
pos: noun
tags: archaic
Derived words: agrophysicist
astrophysicist
biophysicist
condensed matter physicist
econophysicist
geophysicist
health physicist
iatrophysicist
mathematical physicist
microphysicist
neurophysicist
nonphysicist
nuclear physicist
paraphysicist
petrophysicist
photophysicist
protophysicist
psychophysicist
radiophysicist
sociophysicist
tectonophysicist
theoretical physicist
Translations:
noumenon
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From German Noumenon, from Ancient Greek νοούμενον (nooúmenon, “thing that is known”), passive present participle of νοέω (noéō, “I know”).
Inflected forms:
form: noumena
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.
pos: noun
examples: The final result of Kant's philosophy, expressed in the concisest terms, was the proposition, so humiliating to human cognition, but, at the same time, so fertile in consequences, that we can know only phenomena, or the outward appearances of things, but not the noumenon, or the thing in itself.
We have no specific concept of the noumenon, but think of it merely as whatever the object may be apart from the manner in which our knowledge exhibits it.
That, we have seen, is what prevents the two truths from collapsing into an appearance/reality or phenomenon/noumenon distinction.
Translations:
lading
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Gerund of lade (verb). Cognate with Dutch lading (“cargo, charge”), German Ladung (“cargo, charge”), Polish ładunek (“cargo, charge”), Swedish laddning (“charge”). Doublet of loading.
Inflected forms:
form: ladings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The action of loading.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: Shipment, cargo, freight.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: the ship remained there, in providing his lading and preparing for his voyage, nearly three months[…]
The B-end of car DJJX 30478 […] was relatively intact but was surrounded by scrap steel lading from the car, which had been released to the track surface […] The bathtub gondola car structural features produced a car that could carry more lading and provided a relatively obstruction-free car interior which, when combined with the rotary dump feature, permitted the free-flow of granular lading and rapid evacuation of the load with little or no residue left in the car.
gloss: Burden.
pos: noun
tags: countable
figuratively
uncountable
examples: Nor could I weary, heart or limb,
⁠When mighty Love would cleave in twain
⁠The lading of a single pain,
And part it, giving half to him.
Related words: laden
Derived words: bill of lading
book of lading
lading-can
Translations:
lade
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: nautical
transport
Etymology: From Middle English laden, from Old English hladan and Old English hleadan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaþan, from Proto-Germanic *hlaþaną (“to load”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”).
Inflected forms:
form: lades
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: lading
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: laded
pos: verb
tags: past
form: laden
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: laded
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: lades
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To fill or load (related to cargo or a shipment).
pos: verb
examples: Men from the fartheſt Equinoctiall line,
Haue ſwarm’d in troopes into the Eaſterne India:
Lading their ſhippe with golde and precious ſtones:
And made their ſpoiles from all our prouinces.
And they laded their asses with the corn.
Under the sea-girt cliffs the shining ship was readied, laden with coats of mail, swords, and gleaming war harness.
gloss: To weigh down, oppress, or burden.
pos: verb
gloss: To use a ladle or dipper to remove something (generally water).
pos: verb
examples: to lade water out of a tub, or into a cistern
And chides the sea that sunders him from thence, / Saying, he'll lade it dry to have his way.
gloss: To transfer (molten glass) from the pot to the forming table, in making plate glass.
pos: verb
gloss: To admit water by leakage.
pos: verb
gloss: A load.
pos: noun
tags: Scotland
Related words: bill of lading
laden
lading
larboard
Derived words: lading
overlade
relade
unlade
Translations:
enfeeble
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English enfeblen, from Old French enfeblir. Constructed like en- + feeble.
Base: feeble
Affixes: en-
Inflected forms:
form: enfeebles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: enfeebling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: enfeebled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: enfeebled
pos: verb
tags: past
form: infeeble
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To make feeble.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: 1774, Dr Samuel Johnson, Preface to the Works of the English Poets, J. Nichols, Volume II, Page 130,
"...the gout, with which he had long been tormented, prevailed over the enfeebled powers of nature."
In the face of enfeebled, self-harming opposition on both sides of the border (and a miserable economic recession on both sides too) he has performed brilliantly.
The Republican-appointed justices may yet enfeeble the executive branch’s ability to implement federal law.
Translations:
ruble
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Russian рубль (rublʹ)bor.
English ruble
Borrowed from Russian рубль (rublʹ).
Inflected forms:
form: rubles
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: rouble
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: rubl
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The monetary unit of Russia, Belarus and Transnistria, equal to 100 kopeks. (Russian: копе́йка (kopéjka), Belarusian: капе́йка (kapjéjka)).
pos: noun
examples: While the local currency is the manat, the Russian ruble is in circulation and prices are often confusingly quoted in manats and rubles. […] The currency is the manat with a hundred gopik […]
Last year, the Bank of Russia stopped minting kopeks. Only coins worth one, two, five and ten rubles were released. […] The Central Bank discontinued minting kopeks gradually. In 2012, the regulatory body stopped minting one-kopek and five-kopek coins. In 2018, the Central Bank stopped minting kopeks completely and now mints only ruble coins.
Translations:
hauteur
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
French haut
French -eur
French hauteurbor.
English hauteur
Borrowed from French hauteur.
Inflected forms:
form: hauteurs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Haughtiness or arrogance; loftiness.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Who ever went into a public office, and was treated, as he is very apt to be, with the most offensive hauteur by some saucy, well-paid official, without feeling the desire to kick him rising strong within him?
“What's happened, young Herring?” I think for a moment he was about to draw himself up with hauteur and say he would prefer, if we didn't mind, not to discuss his private affairs, but when he was half-way up he caught Aunt Dahlia's eye and returned to position one.
[A]n angered motorist sounded his horn, but The Senator took no heed: not out of arrogance or hauteur but, simply, because he took no heed.
I imagine the Dreamward’s Hotel Manager to be an avuncular Norwegian with a rag sweater and a soothing odor of Borkum Rif about him, a guy w/o sunglasses or hauteur […]
Sometimes the hauteur is nothing more dire than a kind of black-mother wit.
Translations:
dai
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindi दाई (dāī), from Sanskrit.
Inflected forms:
form: dais
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A wet nurse; a midwife.
pos: noun
tags: Bangladesh
India
North
Pakistan
examples: Kausalya, she learnt, was his dai, the one who had breast-fed and looked after him.
Translations:
cyclist
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From cycle + -ist, 1882.
Base: cycle
Affixes: -ist
Inflected forms:
form: cyclists
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A person who rides a cycle, especially a bicycle, or who habitually engages in cycling.
pos: noun
examples: A solitary cyclist was coming towards us. His head was down and his shoulders rounded, as he put every ounce of energy that he possessed on to the pedals. He was flying like a racer.
gloss: A motorcyclist.
pos: noun
tags: dated
examples: Most of the cyclists were members of the Pagans' Motorcycle Club of Washington.
Related words: cycle
motorcyclist
unicyclist
Derived words: autocyclist
e-cyclist
non-cyclist
noncyclist
pedal cyclist
strikelist
track cyclist
trick cyclist
Translations:
celeb
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Clipping of celebrity.
Inflected forms:
form: celebs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A celebrity; a famous person, a one who is celebrated.
pos: noun
tags: informal
examples: Just in case you thought celebs stay famous on their own, think again. There's a whole pack of people who help a star each day
Translations:
cheerio
Part of speech: intj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From cheer and/or cheery + -o.
Affixes: -o
Inflected forms:
form: cheerios
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Goodbye, an interjection said upon parting.
pos: intj
tags: Commonwealth
Ireland
UK
informal
examples: "In that case," said Archie, relieved, "cheerio, good luck, pip-pip, toodle-oo, and good-bye-ee! I'll be shifting!"
But we all knew it wasn't the final end of the HST. This wasn't "goodbye", more like a "cheerio, see you someplace soon".
gloss: Hello; a greeting.
pos: intj
tags: rare
examples: Cheerio, everybody! What a delightful gathering of charming femininity!
gloss: A small saveloy often consumed with tomato sauce at parties.
pos: noun
tags: New-Zealand
examples: The man who has gone around the cocktail circuit pounding cheerios to the end of time did not come in here and open his mouth once on the Bill.
Derived words: chip chip cheerio
Sheerio
Translations:
lang: Czech
word: ahoj
lang: German
word: hallo
lang: Macedonian
word: здра́во
roman: zdrávo
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 嗨
roman: hāi
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 喂
roman: wèi
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 你好
roman: nǐhǎo
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 再會 /再会
roman: zàihuì
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 拜拜
roman: bàibài, bāibái, báibái
lang: Czech
word: servus
lang: Czech
word: ahoj
lang: Czech
word: čau
lang: Dutch
word: hoi
lang: Dutch
word: doei
lang: Finnish
word: terve
lang: Finnish
word: hei
lang: French
word: salut
lang: Hindi
word: बंदगी
roman: bandgī
lang: Italian
word: ciao
lang: Japanese
word: こんにちは
roman: konnichi wa
lang: Japanese
word: やあ
roman: yā
lang: Japanese
word: どうも
roman: dōmo
lang: Japanese
word: では
roman: de wa
lang: Japanese
word: またね
roman: mata ne
lang: Japanese
word: じゃ
lang: Japanese
word: バイバイ
roman: baibai
lang: Japanese
word: バイ
roman: bai
lang: Korean
word: 안녕
roman: annyeong
lang: Macedonian
word: по́здрав
roman: pózdrav
lang: Polish
word: cześć
lang: Polish
word: pa
lang: Russian
word: приве́т
roman: privét
lang: Russian
word: здоро́во
roman: zdoróvo
lang: Russian
word: пока́
roman: poká
lang: Russian
word: бу́дь здоро́в!
roman: búdʹ zdoróv!
lang: Russian
word: бу́дь здоро́ва!
roman: búdʹ zdoróva!
lang: Russian
word: бу́дьте здоро́вы!
roman: búdʹte zdoróvy!
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: tìoraidh
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: bok
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: бок
attributively
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English attributive
Middle English -ly
English -ly
English attributively
From attributive + -ly.
Inflected forms:
form: more attributively
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most attributively
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: In an attributive manner.
pos: adv
Translations:
cheeseburger
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: government
military
politics
war
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin cāseusbor.
Proto-Germanic *kāsijaz
Proto-West Germanic *kāsī
Old English ċīese
Middle English chese
English cheese
Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂mder.
Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂méh₂-der.
Proto-Germanic *hanmōder.?
Proto-Germanic *hammō
Old High German hammeder.?
Old High German Hamme
Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰsder.?
Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ-der.?
Proto-Germanic *burgz
Proto-West Germanic *burg
Old High German burg
Old High German Hammaburg
German Hamburg
Proto-Indo-European *wer-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Germanic *warjaną
Proto-Germanic *warjaz
▲
Proto-Germanic *-ārijazinflu.
Old High German -āri
Middle High German -ære
German -er
German Hamburgerder.
English hamburger
English cheeseburger
Blend of cheese + hamburger (1928). By surface analysis, cheese + -burger.
Inflected forms:
form: cheeseburgers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A hamburger containing cheese (usually one or more slices of processed cheese).
pos: noun
examples: Neon in daylight is a / great pleasure, as Edwin Denby would / write, as are light bulbs in daylight. / I stop for a cheeseburger at JULIET'S / CORNER.
Busy Americans (many women were working and not cooking as much) were dining on foods such as deep-fried chicken, thick slices of pizza, double cheeseburgers, and big slabs of steak.
gloss: The BLU-82 bomb.
pos: noun
tags: slang
Related words: burger
Derived words: cheeseburgery
minicheeseburger
Translations:
seraglio
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Italian serraglio, from Vulgar Latin *serrāculum, from a late form of Latin serāre (“lock up, close”), from sera (“lock, bolt”). The Italian word was used (because of phonetic similarity) to translate Turkish saray (“palace”). Compare serai, serail.
Inflected forms:
form: seraglios
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: serraglio
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A palace of a sultan.
pos: noun
gloss: A palace of a sultan.
pos: noun
examples: At these words he started up, and beheld—not his Sophia—no, nor a Circassian maid richly and elegantly attired for the grand Signior's seraglio.
gloss: A profligate or decadent residence of a rich person.
pos: noun
examples: In 1936 [Charles] Schwab's agents approached the La Guardia administration in New York, hoping to interest the city in buying his mansion for the official residence of the mayor. […] But Fiorello La Guardia took great pride in the fact that he lived in a modest walkup in Lower New York. He ridiculed the idea of moving into the robber baron's seraglio, telling newsmen that the city much preferred having the tax revenue from the mansion.
gloss: The sequestered living quarters used by wives and concubines (odalisques) in a Turkish Muslim household.
pos: noun
gloss: A brothel or place of debauchery.
pos: noun
gloss: An interior cage or enclosed courtyard for keeping wild beasts.
pos: noun
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: сарай
roman: saraj
lang: Bulgarian
word: харем
roman: harem
lang: Catalan
word: serrall
lang: Esperanto
word: serajlo
lang: French
word: sérail
lang: German
word: Serail
lang: Hungarian
word: szeráj
lang: Italian
word: serraglio
lang: Japanese
word: 後宮
roman: kōkyū
lang: Macedonian
word: сарај
roman: saraj
lang: Polish
word: seraj
lang: Portuguese
word: serralho
lang: Romanian
word: serai
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: са̀рај
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: sàraj
lang: Spanish
word: serrallo
lang: Swedish
word: seralj
lang: Turkish
word: saray
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: سرای
roman: saray
distortion
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: engineering
natural-sciences
optics
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin distortio, distortionis, from distortus.
Inflected forms:
form: distortions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An act of distorting.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A result of distorting.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A misrepresentation of the truth.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The story he told was a bit of a distortion.
The conscious mind refuses to admit any failure to perceive, and puts in its place a series of rationalisations which are fabrications and distortions of the real nature of things.
Remembering is an act of re-creation and therefore subject to distortion and fictionalization: 'real' memories become tales, and tales become 'memories'.
gloss: Noise or other artifacts caused in the electronic reproduction of sound or music.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: This recording sounds awful due to the distortion.
gloss: An effect used in music, most commonly on guitars in rock or metal.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: An aberration that causes magnification to change over the field of view.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Synonyms: deformation
disfigurement
Related words: distort
Derived words: antiferrodistortion
barrel distortion
bias distortion
bond distortion
cognitive distortion
counterdistortion
digital pre-distortion
distortional
distortionary
distortionist
distortionless
ferrodistortion
microdistortion
nondistortion
pincushion distortion
predistortion
reality distortion field
selective distortion
undistortion
Translations:
skeptical
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Latin scepticus + -al; attested earlier than skeptic. By surface analysis, skeptic + -al.
Affixes: -al
Inflected forms:
form: more skeptical
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most skeptical
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: sceptical
pos: adj
tags: alternative
UK
Senses:
gloss: Having, or expressing doubt; questioning.
pos: adj
tags: US
examples: My teacher was skeptical when I told her my dog ate my homework.
Tom was skeptical when Paul told him that he saw Bigfoot.
I can see why people are so skeptical [sic] about him, but I think he's on to something here.
Numerous experimental tests and other observations have been offered in favor of animal mind reading, and although many scientists are skeptical, others assert that humans are not the only species capable of representing what others do and don’t perceive and know.
gloss: Of or relating to philosophical skepticism or the skeptics.
pos: adj
tags: US
Derived words: antiskeptical
Euro-skeptical
Euroskeptical
nonskeptical
overskeptical
pseudoskeptical
skepticality
skeptically
skepticalness
skeptimistic
technoskeptical
unskeptical
Translations:
dusk
Part of speech: adj
noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English dosk, dusk(e) (“dusky”, adj.), from Old English dox (“dark, swarthy”), from Proto-Germanic *duskaz (“dark, smoky”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, related to *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, mist, haze”). Cognate to Latin fuscus (“dark, dusky”), Sanskrit धूसर (dhūsara, “dust-colored”), Old Irish donn (“dark”). Related to dye, dust and dun (see these for more).
Inflected forms:
form: dusker
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: duskest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: dusks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: dusks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: dusking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: dusked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: dusked
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black; dusky.
pos: adj
examples: A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades.
gloss: The time after the sun has set but when the sky is still lit by sunlight; the evening twilight period.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Witnessing the dusk gives a feeling of solace.
We caught a beautiful view of the dusk.
gloss: A darkish colour.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Whose dusk set off the whiteness of the skin.
gloss: The condition of being dusky; duskiness
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To begin to lose light or whiteness; to grow dusk.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: I see the air benighted
And all the dusking dales,
And lamps in England lighted,
gloss: To make dusk.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: After the sun is up, that shadow which dusketh the light of the Moone must needs be under the earth.
Synonyms: nightfall
smokefall
vespers
cockshut
crepusculum
dark
dimmity
duckish
dusk
mirkning
night
sun
sundown
sunset
Antonyms: dawn
daybreak
Related words: early morning
first light
postdawn
morning
midday
afternoon
midnight
in .
Derived words: adusk
duskdarter
dusk-flat
duskhawk
duskish
duskless
dusklight
duskly
duskness
dusktime
predusk
Translations:
beware
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English bewar, be war, be ware, forms of Middle English ben ware (“to be on one's guard, be vigilant”, literally “be ware”), equivalent to be + ware or be + aware. Compare Old English bewarian.
Base: be
Inflected forms:
form: bewares
pos: verb
tags: present
rare
singular
third-person
form: bewaring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
rare
form: bewared
pos: verb
tags: past
rare
form: bewore
pos: verb
tags: nonstandard
past
form: bewared
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
rare
form: bewore
pos: verb
tags: nonstandard
participle
past
rare
Senses:
gloss: To use caution, pay attention to (used both with and without of).
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
defective
examples: Behold, I send an Angel before thee[…]. Beware of him, and obey his voice.
Beware the Ides of March.
Translations:
xenotransplantation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Hellenic *ksénwos
Ancient Greek ξένϝος (xénwos)
Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos)der.
English xeno-
English transplantation
English xenotransplantation
From xeno- + transplantation.
Inflected forms:
form: xenotransplantations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The transplantation of biological or organic matter from a given species into a different one, especially when this matter has been altered (such as by genetic engineering)
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations: