burn
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: aerospace
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chemistry
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engineering
espionage
film
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government
hobbies
lifestyle
mathematics
media
medicine
military
natural-sciences
photography
physical-sciences
physics
politics
sciences
sports
surgery
television
videography
war
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der.
Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰrénuh₁e-?
Proto-Germanic *brinnaną
Proto-West Germanic *brinnan
Old English biernan
▲
Proto-Germanic *brinnaną
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Germanic *-janą
Proto-Germanic *brannijaną
Proto-West Germanic *brannijan
Old English bærnan
Old Norse brennabor.
Middle English brennen
English burn
From Late Middle English burne, birne, which arose via the metathesis of brinne, brynne, a variant of brennen. The East Midland forms were heavily influenced by Old Norse brinna, brenna (“to burn”), from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brew.
The late metathesis of East Midland brin- to birn- (and subsequently burn-) parallels the phonological development of bird and dirt from brid and drit. As this metathesized form became the Chancery Standard, it completely displaced the semantic functions and weak conjugation paradigm of the native Old English bærnan (weak), alongside the surviving remnants of byrnan (strong).
Cognate with Cimbrian prönnan (“to burn”), Dutch barnen, branden (“to burn”), German brinnen (“to burn”), Luxembourgish brennen (“to burn”), Vilamovian brīn (“to burn”), Yiddish ברענען (brenen, “to burn”), Danish brænde (“to burn”), Faroese, Icelandic brenna (“to burn”), Norwegian Bokmål brenne (“to burn”), Norwegian Nynorsk brenna, brenne (“to burn”), Swedish brinna (“to burn”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (brinnan, “to burn”). See also Middle Irish brennim (“drink up”), bruinnim (“bubble up”); also Middle Irish bréo (“flame”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium, mouth burning”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “moves quickly, twitches, fidgets”). More at brew.
Inflected forms:
form: burns
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: born
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Northumbria
form: burns
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: burning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: burned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: burned
pos: verb
tags: past
form: burnt
pos: verb
tags: Commonwealth
participle
past
form: burnt
pos: verb
tags: Commonwealth
past
form: brent
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
participle
past
form: brent
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
past
form: no-table-tags
pos: verb
tags: table-tags
form: glossary
pos: verb
tags: inflection-template
form: burn
pos: verb
tags: infinitive
form: burn
pos: verb
tags: first-person
present
singular
form: burned
pos: verb
tags: first-person
past
singular
form: burnt
pos: verb
tags: first-person
past
singular
form: burn
pos: verb
tags: present
second-person
singular
form: burnest
pos: verb
tags: archaic
present
second-person
singular
form: burned
pos: verb
tags: past
second-person
singular
form: burnt
pos: verb
tags: past
second-person
singular
form: burnedst
pos: verb
tags: archaic
past
second-person
singular
form: burntest
pos: verb
tags: archaic
past
second-person
singular
form: burns
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: burneth
pos: verb
tags: archaic
present
singular
third-person
form: burned
pos: verb
tags: past
singular
third-person
form: burnt
pos: verb
tags: past
singular
third-person
form: burn
pos: verb
tags: plural
present
form: burned
pos: verb
tags: past
plural
form: burnt
pos: verb
tags: past
plural
form: burn
pos: verb
tags: present
subjunctive
form: burned
pos: verb
tags: past
subjunctive
form: burnt
pos: verb
tags: past
subjunctive
form: burn
pos: verb
tags: imperative
present
form: -
pos: verb
tags: imperative
past
form: burning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: burned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: burnt
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: born
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Northumbria
Senses:
gloss: A physical injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, radiation or caustic chemicals.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: She had second-degree burns from falling in the bonfire.
He burnt his hand in the fire.
gloss: A sensation resembling such an injury.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: chili burn from eating hot peppers
gloss: The act of burning something with fire.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: They’re doing a controlled burn of the fields.
One typical Grecian kiln engorged one thousand muleloads of juniper wood in a single burn.
gloss: An intense non-physical sting, as left by shame or an effective insult.
pos: noun
tags: countable
slang
uncountable
gloss: An effective insult, often in the expression sick burn (excellent or badass insult).
pos: noun
tags: countable
slang
uncountable
gloss: Physical sensation in the muscles following strenuous exercise, caused by build-up of lactic acid.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: One and, two and, keep moving; feel the burn!
gloss: Tobacco.
pos: noun
tags: UK
slang
uncountable
examples: TOM: I’m serious bruv. Put my burn and lighter and all that in my jeans please and give them here, then press the cell bell.
“Any of you want to borrow some burn,” asked a scarred inmate known as Bull.
It was like no one was looking out for me, and the older kids used to take the piss ...they were always threatening me and taking my burn [tobacco][…]
As the prison week ended and the less careful inmates began to run out of burn they went through a peculiar begging ritual that I, never one to husband resources either, was quick to learn.
gloss: The writing of data to a permanent storage medium like a compact disc or a ROM chip.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Allow additional burns enables you to create a multisession CD, which can be used again to write more data.
gloss: The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: They have a good burn.
gloss: A disease in vegetables; brand.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: The firing of a spacecraft's rockets in order to change its course.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: On 4 March 1999, the MCO performed its second course correction manoeuvre with a burn involving its four thrusters […]
gloss: To cause to be consumed by fire.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He burned his manuscript in the fireplace.
They haue ſlayne my baylye⸝ and diſtroyed the houſes of my men⸝ banyſſhed and chaſed away myne offycers, and brent yͤ houſe in the worlde that I loued beſt.
On July 1, 1402, when the Prince of Yen reached P’u-k’ou (in Kiangsu), Sheng Yung and his imperial troops attacked him and attempted to burn his boats.⁹⁶
Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.
I've never been on top of the latest trends. When everyone was burning CDs I was still burning books.
gloss: To be consumed by fire, or in flames.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: He watched the house burn.
Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
gloss: To overheat so as to make unusable.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He burned the toast.    The blacksmith burned the steel.
gloss: To become overheated to the point of being unusable.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: The grill was too hot and the steak burned.
gloss: To make or produce by the application of fire or burning heat.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: to burn a hole;    to burn letters into a block
I posted myself near a place where they had been burning charcoal, and very soon the hare came running past, close to where I was standing.
gloss: To give off light; to be lit up.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: I knew that if a light was burning I should be able to see the window lit up from the yard at the back, although the gas itself would be out of sight.
gloss: To injure (a person or animal) with heat or chemicals that produce similar damage.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: She burned the child with an iron, and was jailed for ten years.
gloss: To cauterize.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To sunburn.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: She forgot to put on sunscreen and burned.
gloss: To consume, damage, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: to burn the mouth with pepper
This tyrant fever burns me up.
This dry sorrow burns up all my tears.
You are jealous and covet [what others have] and your desires go unfulfilled; [so] you become murderers. [To hate is to murder as far as your hearts are concerned.] You burn with envy and anger and are not able to obtain [the gratification, the contentment, and the happiness that you seek], so you fight and war. You do not have, because you do not ask.
gloss: To be hot, e.g. due to embarrassment.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: The child’s forehead was burning with fever.  Her cheeks burned with shame.
In ſlumbers oft for fere I quake / For hete & cold I burne & ſhake / For lake of ſlepe my hede dothe ake / What menys thys
gloss: To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: to burn iron in oxygen
A human being burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration.
gloss: To combine energetically, with evolution of heat.
pos: verb
tags: dated
examples: Copper burns in chlorine.
gloss: To write data to a permanent storage medium like a compact disc or a ROM chip.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: We’ll burn this program onto an EEPROM one hour before the demo begins.
At first they didn’t do anything by design, beyond writing songs and gigging around Sheffield, distributing homemade demo CDs at shows. Their canny friends burned copies to leave on buses, but more importantly, uploaded them to filesharing sites and set up a MySpace page.
I've never been on top of the latest trends. When everyone was burning CDs I was still burning books.
gloss: To render subtitles into a video's content while transcoding it, making the subtitles part of the image (hardsubs).
pos: verb
tags: broadly
transitive
examples: My old DVD player could play DivX files but didn't recognize the subtitle file, so I had to burn them in.
gloss: To betray.
pos: verb
tags: slang
transitive
examples: The informant burned him.
gloss: To insult or defeat.
pos: verb
tags: slang
transitive
examples: I just burned you again.
gloss: To waste (time); to waste money or other resources.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: We have an hour to burn.
The company has burned more than a million dollars a month this year.
Oh, why don’t you save all the money you earn? / If I didn’t eat, I’d have money to burn.
gloss: In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought.
pos: verb
examples: You’re cold… warm… hot… you’re burning!
Not being accustomed to make fine distinctions, or to appreciate magnanimity, they read his letters and speeches as if they read them not. They were not aware when they approached a heroic statement,—they did not know when they burned.
gloss: To accidentally touch a moving stone.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: In pontoon, to swap a pair of cards for another pair, or to deal a dead card.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To make an area of an image darker (when processing photographs in a darkroom, this is accomplished by increasing the exposure of that area to light).
pos: verb
gloss: To be converted to another element in a nuclear fusion reaction, especially in a star.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To discard.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
slang
gloss: To shoot someone with a firearm.
pos: verb
tags: slang
transitive
gloss: To compromise (an agent's cover story).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He had already burned his cover with Mrs. Phillips, and it was not a mistake he intended to make again.
Eventually they'd report back to Ryker, and he still didn't know if Ryker had personally burned his cover and sent assassins after him, or if the SSU had a mole. Until he knew for certain, he had to play this safe.
gloss: To blackmail.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: "How does Leipzig burn him precisely?" Enderby insisted. "What's the pressure? Dirty pix—well, okay. Karla's a puritan, so's Kirov. But I mean, Christ, this isn't the fifties, is it? […]
gloss: To desire or ache for (something); to focus on attaining (something).
pos: verb
tags: US
intransitive
slang
Synonyms: burn
combust
forburn
go up
outburn
torch
Related words: brimstone
combust
kindle
Translations:
lang: Finnish
word: polte
lang: French
word: brûlure
lang: Japanese
word: ひりひり
lang: Japanese
word: ヒリヒリ
roman: hiri-hiri
lang: Portuguese
word: ardência
lang: Russian
word: жжение́
roman: žženijé
lang: Slovak
word: pálenie
lang: Ainu
word: ウフイ
roman: uhui
lang: Aklanon
word: sunog
lang: Southern Altai
word: јандырар
roman: ǰandïrar
lang: Southern Altai
word: кӱйер
roman: küyer
lang: Arabic
word: اِحْتَرَقَ
roman: iḥtaraqa
lang: Arabic
word: اتحرق
roman: itḥaraʔ
lang: Aramaic
word: אִשְׂתָּרֵיף
lang: Armenian
word: այրվել
roman: ayrvel
lang: Armenian
word: վառվել
roman: vaṙvel
lang: Aromanian
word: ardu
lang: Assamese
word: জলা
roman: zola
lang: Assamese
word: জ্বলা
roman: zola
lang: Asturian
word: arder
lang: Asturian
word: quemar
lang: Azerbaijani
word: yanmaq
lang: Bangi
word: tumba
lang: Basque
word: erre
lang: Belarusian
word: гарэ́ць
roman: harécʹ
lang: Belarusian
word: згарэ́ць
roman: zharécʹ
lang: Breton
word: devi
lang: Breton
word: leski
lang: Bulgarian
word: горя́
roman: gorjá
lang: Burmese
word: လောင်
roman: laung
lang: Buryat
word: шатаха
roman: šataxa
lang: Buryat
word: носохо
roman: nosoxo
lang: Catalan
word: cremar
lang: Chechen
word: дага
roman: daga
lang: Cherokee
word: ᎠᎪᎲᏍᎦ
roman: agohvsga
lang: Chickasaw
word: lowak
lang: Chinese Cantonese
word: 燒 /烧
roman: siu¹
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 燒 /烧
roman: shāo
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 燃燒 /燃烧
roman: ránshāo
lang: Cornish
word: leski
lang: Crimean Tatar
word: yanmaq
lang: Czech
word: hořet
lang: Dalmatian
word: ardar
lang: Danish
word: brænde
lang: Danish
word: brænde op
lang: Dutch
word: branden
lang: Dutch
word: verbranden
lang: Dutch
word: verteren
lang: Egyptian
word: A-m-Q7
roman: ꜣm
lang: Esperanto
word: bruli
lang: Estonian
word: põlema
lang: Evenki
word: дегдэми
roman: ʒegdəmi
lang: Finnish
word: palaa
lang: French
word: brûler
lang: French
word: passer au feu
lang: North Frisian
word: bren
lang: Galician
word: arder
lang: Galician
word: queimar
lang: Gallurese
word: aldì
lang: Gallurese
word: brujà
lang: Georgian
word: იწვის
roman: ic̣vis
lang: German
word: brennen
lang: Gothic
word: 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
roman: brinnan
lang: Greek
word: καίγομαι
roman: kaígomai
lang: Ancient Greek
word: καίομαι
roman: kaíomai
lang: Ancient Greek
word: φλέγω
roman: phlégō
lang: Paraguayan Guarani
word: tendy
lang: Hebrew
word: נשרף
roman: nisráf
lang: Hindi
word: जलना
roman: jalnā
lang: Hungarian
word: ég
lang: Hungarian
word: elég
lang: Icelandic
word: brenna
lang: Ido
word: brular
lang: Indonesian
word: membakar
lang: Ingrian
word: pallaa
lang: Ingrian
word: kärttyä
lang: Ingush
word: дага
roman: daga
lang: Irish
word: dóigh
lang: Istro-Romanian
word: årde
lang: Italian
word: bruciare
lang: Italian
word: ardere
lang: Japanese
word: 燃える
roman: moeru
lang: Japanese
word: 焼ける
roman: yakeru
lang: Jutish
word: bræm
lang: Kaitag
word: икко́ра
roman: ikkóra
lang: Kashmiri
word: دَزُن
roman: dazun
lang: Kashubian
word: palëc
lang: Kazakh
word: жану
roman: janu
lang: Khmer
word: ដុត
roman: dot
lang: Korean
word: 불타다
roman: bultada
lang: Korean
word: 타다
roman: tada
lang: Central Kurdish
word: سوتان
roman: sutan
lang: Northern Kurdish
word: sotin
lang: Northern Kurdish
word: şewitîn
lang: Kyrgyz
word: жануу
roman: januu
lang: Kyrgyz
word: күйүү
roman: küyüü
lang: Ladino
word: kemarse
lang: Latgalian
word: degt
lang: Latin
word: ūrō
lang: Latin
word: ārdeō
lang: Latin
word: aestuō
lang: Latin
word: flammō
lang: Latvian
word: degt
lang: Lingala
word: tumba
lang: Lithuanian
word: deginti
lang: Lithuanian
word: degti
lang: Livonian
word: pallõ
lang: Low German
word: brannen
lang: Lutuv
word: kuo
lang: Macedonian
word: гори
roman: gori
lang: Malayalam
word: കത്തുക
roman: kattuka
lang: Malayalam
word: ജ്വലിക്കുക
roman: jvalikkuka
lang: Mansaka
word: sonog
lang: Mansaka
word: sosol
lang: Māori
word: pāhunu
lang: Māori
word: kā
lang: Māori
word: tora
lang: Māori
word: ngiha
lang: Māori
word: mura
lang: Middle English
word: brennen
lang: Mongolian
word: шатах
roman: šatax
lang: Mongolian
word: ноцох
roman: nocox
lang: Mongolian
word: асах
roman: asax
lang: Nanai
word: дегдэури
roman: ʒegdeuri
lang: Nepali
word: जल्नु
roman: jalnu
lang: Nepali
word: डढ्नु
roman: ḍaḍhnu
lang: Norman
word: brûler
lang: Norwegian
word: brenne
lang: Occitan
word: cremar
lang: Odia
word: ଜଳିବା
roman: jaḷibā
lang: Church Slavic
word: горѣти
roman: gorěti
lang: Old East Slavic
word: горѣти
roman: gorěti
lang: Old English
word: birnan
lang: Old Galician-Portuguese
word: arder
lang: Ossetian
word: судзын
roman: suʒyn
lang: Persian
word: سوختن
roman: suxtan
lang: Polish
word: palić się
lang: Polish
word: płonąć
lang: Portuguese
word: arder
lang: Portuguese
word: queimar
lang: Portuguese
word: pirar
lang: Quechua
word: kañay
lang: Quechua
word: rawray
lang: Quechua
word: pariy
lang: Romanian
word: arde
lang: Romansh
word: arder
lang: Russian
word: горе́ть
roman: gorétʹ
lang: Russian
word: сгоре́ть
roman: sgorétʹ
lang: Russian
word: пыла́ть
roman: pylátʹ
lang: Sanskrit
word: दधाति
roman: dadhāti
lang: Sanskrit
word: ज्वल्
roman: jval
lang: Campidanese Sardinian
word: ardiri
lang: Sardinian
word: abbruscare
lang: Sardinian
word: ardere
lang: Sassarese
word: brujà
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: loisg
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: горети
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: goreti
lang: Sherpa
word: འབར
lang: Slovak
word: horieť
lang: Slovak
word: zhorieť
lang: Slovene
word: goreti
lang: Lower Sorbian
word: paliś se
lang: Spanish
word: arder
lang: Spanish
word: quemar
lang: Spanish
word: quemarse
lang: Spanish
word: combustionar
lang: Sranan Tongo
word: bron
lang: Sumerian
word: 𒅡𒅡
lang: Sundanese
word: beuleum
lang: Sundanese
word: huru
lang: Swahili
word: choma
lang: Swedish
word: brinna
lang: Tagalog
word: sunog
lang: Tagalog
word: silab
lang: Tajik
word: сӯхтан
roman: süxtan
lang: Tamil
word: எரி
roman: eri
lang: Tausug
word: sunug
lang: Telugu
word: కాలు
roman: kālu
lang: Thai
word: ไหม้
roman: mâi
lang: Tibetan
word: འབར
lang: Tocharian B
word: sälp-
lang: Turkish
word: yanmak
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: یانمق
roman: yanmak
lang: Turkmen
word: köýmek
lang: Ukrainian
word: горі́ти
roman: horíty
lang: Ukrainian
word: згорі́ти
roman: zhoríty
lang: Unami
word: winkële
lang: Urdu
word: جلنا
roman: jalnā
lang: Venetan
word: àrdar
lang: Vietnamese
word: cháy
lang: Welsh
word: llosgi
lang: Yiddish
word: ברענען
roman: brenen
lang: Yucatec Maya
word: toc
lang: Yucatec Maya
word: took
lang: Yucatec Maya
word: tooc
lang: Yucatec Maya
word: elel
lang: Yucatec Maya
word: tóokik
lang: Zealandic
word: brande
lang: Zealandic
word: verbrande
lang: ǃXóõ
word: ʘʻáa