yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
knife
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English knyf, knif, from late Old English cnīf, from Old Norse knífr or Proto-West Germanic *knīb, from Proto-Germanic *knībaz, from *knīpaną (“to pinch”), Proto-Indo-European *gneybʰ- (compare Lithuanian gnýbti, žnýbti (“to pinch”), gnaibis (“pinching”)). Displaced native Middle English sax (“knife”), from Old English seax; and Middle English coutel, qwetyll (“knife”) from Old French coutel.
* The verb is first attested in 1865. The variant knive is first attested in 1733.
Cognates
Cognate with Yola kunnife (“knife”), North Frisian knif (“knife”), Dutch knijf (“long pointy knife, poniard”), German Knifte (“rifle; thick slicebread”), German Low German Knief (“knife”), Luxembourgish Knäip (“paring knife”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk kniv (“knife”), Faroese knívur (“knife”), Icelandic hnífur, knífur (“knife”), Swedish knif, kniv (“knife”).
Inflected forms:
form: knives
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: knyfe
pos: noun
tags: alternative
noun
obsolete
form: knive
pos: noun
tags: alternative
uncommon
verb
form: knifes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: knifing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: knifed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: knifed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: knyfe
pos: verb
tags: alternative
noun
obsolete
form: knive
pos: verb
tags: alternative
uncommon
verb
Senses:
gloss: A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.
pos: noun
examples: He was looking for a knife to chop some steak.
Jeff was bent low over the backboard, working with the knife, a steady sawing motion, his shirt soaked through with sweat.
gloss: A weapon designed with the aforementioned specifications intended for slashing or stabbing but too short to be called a sword; a dagger.
pos: noun
gloss: Any blade-like part in a tool or a machine designed for cutting, such as that of a chipper.
pos: noun
gloss: To cut with a knife.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To use a knife to injure or kill by stabbing, slashing, or otherwise using the sharp edge of the knife as a weapon.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: She was repeatedly knifed in the chest.
One day his sergeant began to cane him, on which, seizing his knife, he knifed the sergeant : he knifed the privates : he knifed until he was finally overpowered, and, brought before a court-martial, was condemned to fifteen years at the galleys.
The plane has been hijacked. They've already knifed a guy.
Naw, they found him in the pissery of some gin mill near the Mohawk West terminal—he'd been knifed.
gloss: To cut through as if with a knife.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: The boat knifed through the water.
gloss: To betray, especially in the context of a political slate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To positively ignore, especially in order to denigrate; compare cut.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: knife up
Translations:
blade
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
professional-wrestling
sports
war
wrestling
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-der.
Proto-Germanic *bladą
Proto-West Germanic *blad
Old English blæd
Middle English bladder.
Middle English blade
English blade
From Middle English blade, blad, from Old English blæd (“leaf”), from Proto-West Germanic *blad, from Proto-Germanic *bladą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥h₃-o-to-m, from *bʰleh₃- (“to thrive, bloom”).
Cognate with West Frisian bled, German Blatt, Danish, Dutch, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish blad, Faroese and Icelandic blað, Irish bláth (“flower”), Welsh blodyn (“flower”), Tocharian A pält, Tocharian B pilta (“leaf”), Albanian fletë (“leaf”). Similar usage in German Sägeblatt (“saw blade”, literally “saw leaf”). Doublet of blat. More at blow.
Inflected forms:
form: blades
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: blading
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: bladed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: bladed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To skate on rollerblades.
pos: verb
tags: informal
examples: Want to go blading with me later in the park?
gloss: To furnish with a blade.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To put forth or have a blade.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
poetic
examples: As sweet a plant, as fair a flower, is faded / As ever in the Muses' garden bladed.
gloss: To stab with a blade
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The gang member got bladed in a fight.
gloss: To cut a person (usually oneself) so as to provoke bleeding.
pos: verb
tags: slang
transitive
examples: Nowadays, blading happens on occasion in a televised match and more often on pay-per-view but the practice isn't used as much for several reasons, among them an increased awareness of the transmission of AIDS has made blading more dangerous.
Derived words: hydroblade
Translations:
boiling
Part of speech: noun
adj
adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bew-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.?
Latin bulla
Proto-Indo-European *-yétider.
Latin -iō
Latin bulliō
Old French boillirbor.
Middle English boillen
English boil
English -ing
English boiling
From boil + -ing.
Inflected forms:
form: boilings
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: more boiling
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most boiling
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: The process of changing the state of a substance from liquid to gas by heating it to its boiling point.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The cooking (of food) or cleaning (of an object) by immersing it in liquid (usually water) that is boiling.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A turmoil; a disturbance like that of bubbling water.
pos: noun
tags: countable
figuratively
gloss: An animation style with constantly changing wavy outlines, giving a shimmering or wobbling appearance.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
uncountable
gloss: That boils or boil.
pos: adj
examples: boiling kettle  boiling oil
gloss: Of a thing: extremely hot or active.
pos: adj
tags: excessive
informal
examples: The radiator is boiling – I’m going to turn it down a bit.
With a little manœuvring they contrived to meet on the doorstep which now, in mid-morning, was in a boiling stream of passers-by, hurrying business people speeding past in a flurry of fumes and dust in the bright haze.
As I collected some individuals from a nest, an alarm was sent and a boiling mass of ants issued from the colony.
gloss: Of a person: feeling uncomfortably hot.
pos: adj
tags: excessive
informal
examples: I’m boiling – can’t we open a window?
gloss: Of the weather: very hot.
pos: adj
tags: excessive
informal
examples: It’s boiling out today!
gloss: Extremely
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: He was boiling mad.
Derived words: boiling-house
global boiling
whole boiling
boiling frog
boiling hot
boilingly
boiling mad
nonboiling
Translations:
liver
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: anatomy
chemistry
medicine
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”),German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Dutch, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Swedish, and West Frisian lever (“liver”), Faroese livur (“liver”), Icelandic lifur (“liver”). Related to live.
Inflected forms:
form: livers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A large organ in the body that stores and metabolizes nutrients, destroys toxins and produces bile. It is responsible for thousands of biochemical reactions.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Steve Jobs is a famous liver transplant recipient.
gloss: This organ, as taken from animals used as food.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: I'd like some goose liver pate.
You could fry up some chicken livers for a tasty treat. — Nah, I don't like chicken liver.
"I should think you've rocked the boat enough already by refusing to eat liver."
gloss: A dark brown colour, tinted with red and gray, like the colour of liver.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Any of various chemical compounds—particularly sulfides—thought to resemble livers in color.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
examples: He gave his horse some liver of antimony.
gloss: Of the colour of liver (dark brown, tinted with red and gray).
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: His friend Rothwell, who had the use of the best Laveracks for breeding purposes, wrote him that one of his puppies was liver and white.
Derived words: antiliver
cat liver fluke
chicken liver
chopped liver
cod liver oil
fatty liver
Fried Liver Attack
frosted liver
hemiliver
hobnail liver
lily-livered
liver and onions
liver cancer
livered
liver-faced
liver fluke
liver function test
liver-grown
liver-hearted
livering
liverish
liverleaf
liverless
liverlike
liverloaf
livermush
liver of antimony
liver of sulfur
liver rot
liver salts
liver sausage
liver spot
liver wing
liverwort
liverwurst
livery
nonliver
nutmeg liver
sea liver
sheep liver fluke
sugar-coated liver
xenoliver
yellow liver
Translations:
decrease
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: business
knitting
manufacturing
textiles
Etymology: From Middle English decresen, alteration of discresen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French descreistre (French: décroître), from Latin decrescere.
Inflected forms:
form: decreases
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: decreasing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: decreased
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: decreased
pos: verb
tags: past
form: decreases
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of a quantity, to become smaller.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: The quality of our products has decreased since the main designer left.
gloss: To make (a quantity) smaller.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Let's decrease the volume a little so we can hear each other talking.
gloss: An amount by which a quantity decreases or is decreased.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: After six years of constant growth, the company reported a slight decrease in sales last year.
One research team has recorded Baishui’s decrease at about 27 meters per year over the last 10 years.
gloss: A reduction in the number of stitches, usually accomplished by suspending the stitch to be decreased from another existing stitch or by knitting it together with another stitch. See Decrease (knitting).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Synonyms: fall
go down
plummet
plunge
reduce
shrink
sink
cut
decrement
lower
decrease
diminish
wane
slump
lessen
Antonyms: go up
grow
increase
rise
soar
shoot up
increment
raise
up
gain
Related words: decrescendo
decretion
increase
Derived words: decreasable
decreasement
decreaser
decreasing function
decreasingly
decreasing term assurance
monotonic decreasing
nondecreasing
non-decreasing
redecrease
undecreased
undecreasing
decreaseless
nondecrease
Translations:
vacuum
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
databases
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from New Latin vacuum (“vacuum”), a subsense of Classical Latin vacuum (“empty space”), a substantivised form of vacuus (“empty”); related to vacāre (“to be empty”).
The exercise sense comes from analogy to the sucking action of a vacuum cleaner.
Inflected forms:
form: vacuums
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: vacuuming
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: vacuumed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: vacuumed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: vacuüm
pos: verb
tags: alternative
rare
Senses:
gloss: To clean (something) with a vacuum cleaner.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: “Who in the world cleans an attic? That's like vacuuming a shed.”
gloss: To use a vacuum cleaner.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To optimise a database or database table by physically removing deleted tuples.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: But the advantage of an auto-vacuumed database is that when B-tree pages are no longer needed, they are moved to the end of the database file and then the database file is truncated, thus returning the unused pages back to the filesystem.
Translations:
plenum
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
sciences
Etymology: From Latin plēnum n (“space filled with matter”), from plēnus (“full”). The sense of "legislative meeting" is a semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”), from the same Latin source.
Inflected forms:
form: plenums
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: plena
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A space that is completely filled with matter.
pos: noun
examples: The idea was that a thing could only move into an empty place, and that, in a plenum, there are no empty places.
The key to understanding medieval interpretations of motion in hypothetically void space is to realize that medieval natural philosophers analyzed the same bodies in the void that they discussed in the plenum of their ordinary world.
gloss: A state of fullness, a great quantity (of something).
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
examples: He lay on the long stone slant down to the slapping waves, his denim shorts, sneakers, and socks under his head for a pillow, feeling the splendour of distance in all directions, the liquid silence, the plenum of aloneness.
gloss: A legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present.
pos: noun
gloss: An enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure.
pos: noun
gloss: The space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.
pos: noun
gloss: A type of network cabling which satisfies a given plenum rating for the purpose of fire safety.
pos: noun
Related words: in pleno
plenary
Derived words: nonplenum
plenum chamber
plenum rating
Translations:
everyone
Part of speech: pron
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: An alteration of earlier everychone after every, from Middle English everichon. By surface analysis, every + one.
Inflected forms:
form: every one
pos: pron
tags: alternative
form: arrywun
pos: pron
tags: alternative
form: e'eryone
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: e'ryone
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
Senses:
gloss: Every person.
pos: pron
examples: She was really hungry, so the chicken and tarts served to divert her attention for a time. It was well I secured this forage; or both she, I and Sophie, to whom I conveyed a share of our repast, would have run a chance of getting no dinner at all: every one down stairs was too much engaged to think of us.
Everyone’s heart palpitated as Leo Dillon handed up the paper and everyone assumed an innocent face.
Hello, everyone!
Antonyms: no one
Translations:
someone
Part of speech: pron
noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English sum on, sum one, sum oon, equivalent to some + one.
Compound parts: some
one
Inflected forms:
form: some one
pos: pron
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: someones
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: some one
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: One or some person of unspecified or indefinite identity.
pos: pron
examples: Can someone help me, please?
Can you get me someone more knowledgeable?
gloss: A partially specified but unnamed person.
pos: noun
examples: Do you need a gift for that special someone?
His ultimate concern is with being and beings, with saying something about something and not with the someones who say it and hear it—and not even with the someones whose beings are in conflict about beings in their being.
It had never happened, it wasn't that there hadn't been any 'someones', there had actually been numerous 'someones', but not one that had gotten between him and his work.
Or rather, to someone. Many someones, in fact. But which someones? Well, the someones that benefited while wage controls were in place had to be people for whom salary was not the primary form of income.
gloss: An important person.
pos: noun
examples: He thinks he has become someone.
Related words: no one
everyone
anyone
somewhere
something
Translations:
somebody
Part of speech: pron
noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English sum body, equivalent to some + body.
Compound parts: some
body
Inflected forms:
form: some body
pos: pron
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: some-body
pos: pron
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: somebuddy
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sombuddy
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sombudy
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sumbody
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sumbuddy
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sby
pos: pron
tags: alternative
abbreviation
form: sb
pos: pron
tags: alternative
abbreviation
form: somebodies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: somebodys
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: some body
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: some-body
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: somebuddy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sombuddy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sombudy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sumbody
pos: noun
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sumbuddy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: sby
pos: noun
tags: alternative
abbreviation
form: sb
pos: noun
tags: alternative
abbreviation
Senses:
gloss: Some unspecified person.
pos: pron
examples: Somebody has to clean this mess up.
gloss: Any person.
pos: noun
examples: In the nature of things a good many somebodies are always in hospital, and the law of averages had picked on me to be one of them a week or so before.
So there, I know, was somebody or a combination of somebodys who did not know what the heck they were doing or dealing with.
gloss: A recognised or important person, a celebrity.
pos: noun
examples: I'm tired of being a nobody – I want to be a somebody.
Translations:
nobody
Part of speech: pron
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English nobody, no-body, no body. By surface analysis, no (“none, not any”, adjective) + body (“one, person, individual”).
Inflected forms:
form: no body
pos: pron
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: nobuddy
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: nobudy
pos: pron
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: nobodies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: no body
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: nobuddy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
form: nobudy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
pronunciation-spelling
Senses:
gloss: Not any person; the logical negation of somebody.
pos: pron
examples: I asked several people, but nobody knew how.
As nobody who is not blind can have failed to notice, I had my hair cut just yesterday.
Nobody phoned, did they?
gloss: A person dismissed as unimportant.
pos: noun
tags: informal
examples: “‘The nobody you once thought me!’ I repeated, and my face grew a little hot; but I would not be angry: of what importance was a school-girl’s crude use of the terms nobody and somebody?”
gloss: Something that has no body or an especially small one.
pos: noun
Antonyms: anybody
anyone
everybody
everyone
somebody
someone
Derived words: nobody crab
no-body crab
Translations:
rotten
Part of speech: adj
adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English roten, from Old Norse rotinn (“decayed, rotten”), past participle of an unrecorded verb related to Old Norse rotna (“to rot”) and Old English rotian (“to rot”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rutāną (“to rot”). See rot. By surface analysis, rot + -en (past participle).
Inflected forms:
form: rottener
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: more rotten
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: rottenest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: most rotten
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: more rotten
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most rotten
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of perishable items, overridden with bacteria and other infectious agents.
pos: adj
examples: If you leave a bin unattended for a few weeks, the rubbish inside will turn rotten.
Antonio: Mark you this, Bassanio, / The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. / An evil soul producing holy witness / Is like a villain with a smiling cheek, / A goodly apple rotten at the heart. / O, what a goodly outside falsehood hath!
gloss: In a state of decay.
pos: adj
examples: The floors were damaged and the walls were rotten.
His mouth stank and his teeth were rotten.
But poore old man, thou prun'ſt a rotten tree, / That cannot ſo much as a bloſſome yeelde
gloss: Cruel, mean or immoral.
pos: adj
examples: That man is a rotten father.
This rotten policy will create more injustice in this country.
Something is rotten in the State of Denmarke.
gloss: Bad or terrible.
pos: adj
examples: Why is the weather always rotten in this city?
It was a rotten idea to take the boat out today.
She has the flu and feels rotten.
gloss: Of stone or rock, crumbling or friable; in a loose or disintegrated state.
pos: adj
examples: The quartz specimens were sometimes blue, hard-looking stone, or rotten quartz largely impregnated with iron, in both cases carrying bright glittering nodules of gold.
gloss: Very drunk, intoxicated.
pos: adj
tags: Australia
Ireland
UK
slang
gloss: To an extreme degree.
pos: adv
examples: That kid is spoilt rotten.
The girls fancy him something rotten.
"It's old man Challenger's show and we are here by his good will, so it would be rotten bad form if we didn't follow his instructions to the letter."
"You're not only crazy," Oscar said bitterly, "you're rotten jealous. You can go to hell." He stomped away.
Synonyms: bad
gone bad
gone off
maggoted
rotten
spoiled
Antonyms: edible
fresh
unspoiled
Related words: saprogenic
fermented
passed something's sell-by date
stale
Derived words: Rosie Rottencrotch
rotten apple
rotten borough
rottened
rotten egg
rotten egg gas
rottenish
rottenly
rottenness
rottenstone
rotten stone
rotten to the core
rotten wood
something is rotten in the state of Denmark
spoiled rotten
spoil somebody rotten
spoil someone rotten
Susie Rottencrotch
unrotten
Your Rottenness
Translations:
castling
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kas-
Proto-Germanic *kastōną
Old Norse kastabor.
Middle English casten
English cast
English -ling
English castling
From cast + -ling.
Inflected forms:
form: castlings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An abortion, or a premature birth.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: 1646: Wherein notwithstanding, we should rather rely upon the urine in a castling’s bladder — Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, Book II, ch 5
gloss: The second or third swarm of bees which leaves a hive in a season.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: A miniature cast or mould.
pos: noun
examples: From the Celeste's own image was the first castling molded. A soft, delicate creature of flesh and blood she would call Woman. So that Her castlings may never feel the loneliness she Herself did suffer, she bestowed woman with a mate [...]
gloss: One that is cast.
pos: noun
examples: […] ſhift for themselves, and ſeek out new habitations; ſuch caſtlings might in their waudring throughout the South Sea (moſt of the Oriental Iſlands being formerly inhabited by their Off-ſpring) fall with the coaſt of Peru, […]
Translations:
lig
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English liggen, from Old English liċġan (“to lie, be situated, be at rest, remain”) and Old Norse liggja (“to lie”). More at lie.
Inflected forms:
form: ligs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: ligging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: ligged
pos: verb
tags: past
form: lag
pos: verb
tags: past
form: lay
pos: verb
tags: past
form: ligged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: lag
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: lay
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: laggen
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: lain
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
Senses:
gloss: To lie; be in a prostrate or recumbent position.
pos: verb
tags: Cumbria
Yorkshire
intransitive
examples: His limbes would rest, ne lig in ease embost
gloss: To lay.
pos: verb
tags: Cumbria
Yorkshire
transitive
gloss: To be a ligger or hanger-on; to freeload.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
slang
examples: […] but within the confines of the music business it means the pinnacle of a career dedicated to ligging […]
Related words: ligger
Derived words: lig down
lig on
lig out
Translations:
sog
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Possibly of North Germanic origin (compare Icelandic söggur (“moist”), dialectal Norwegian søgg (“moist”), dialectal Swedish sögg, sygg (“something moist”)), from Old Norse söggr (“dank, wet”), from Proto-Germanic *sawwijaz, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *sawwą (“moisture, sap, juice”), related to Old English ġesēaw (“full of moisture, soaked”), Old English sēaw (“moisture, juice, humour”). The verb is possibly related to soak.
Inflected forms:
form: sogs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: sogs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: sogging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: sogged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: sogged
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Soft, marsh-like or bog-like land; a swamp.
pos: noun
gloss: To soak, steep or saturate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Two red-coated sportsmen, while hunting close to our village the other day, got into a small but deep pond. They were said to have fallen into the “stank,” and got “zogged” through: for a small pond is a “stank,” and to be “zogged” is equivalent to being soaked.
gloss: To be soaked, steeped or saturated.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Derived words: soggy
Translations:
scabbard
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English scabard, scauberde, scauberk, scauberke, from Anglo-Norman eschaubert, escalberc, of Germanic origin, perhaps from Frankish *skarberg (“sheath”, literally “blade-protection”), from Proto-Germanic *skēriz (“blade, scissors”) + *bergaz (“shelter, protection, refuge”). See also hauberk.
Inflected forms:
form: scabbards
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: scabbards
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: scabbarding
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: scabbarded
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: scabbarded
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: The sheath of a sword.
pos: noun
examples: I had had to discard my rifle before I commenced the rapid descent of the cliff, so that now I was armed only with a hunting knife, and this I whipped from its scabbard as Kho leaped toward me.
gloss: To put an object (especially a sword) into its scabbard.
pos: verb
examples: Suddenly he scabbarded his sabre.
Translations:
roebuck
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English roobukke; equivalent to roe + buck (“male deer”). Doublet of rhebok.
Compound parts: roe
buck
Inflected forms:
form: roebucks
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A male roe deer.
pos: noun
examples: From the thick copse the roebucks bound,
The startled red-deer scuds the plain […]
Translations:
fil
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Swedish fil, a clipping of filmjölk. Also related to Finnish viili.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: A Nordic dairy product, similar to yogurt, but using different bacteria which give a different taste and texture.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Translations:
linchpin
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English lynspin, compound of lins (“axletree”) and pin, from Old English lynis (“lynchpin”), from Proto-West Germanic *lunis, from Proto-Germanic *lunaz – compare German Lünse and Dutch luns – from Proto-Indo-European. Possible further cognates are Welsh olwyn (“wheel”), Old Armenian ողն (ołn, “back; spine, backbone”) and Sanskrit आणि (āṇí, “lynchpin”). Figurative use attested from the mid-20th century.
Inflected forms:
form: linchpins
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: linch-pin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lynchpin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lynch-pin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: link-pin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lin-pin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: linchpins
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: linchpinning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: linchpinned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: linchpinned
pos: verb
tags: past
form: linch-pin
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: lynchpin
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: lynch-pin
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: link-pin
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: lin-pin
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A pin inserted through holes at the end of an axle or shaft, so as to secure a wheel or shaft-mounted device.
pos: noun
examples: In ij camellis ferri vocatis lynspins emptis pro carectis iiijᵈ.
Every design that villany could suggest was had recourse to in the hopes of nobbling Wild Dayrell; but never being left for an hour by either his trainer or jockey, he escaped the intended “coopering,” even when the lynchpins of the wheels of his van had been tampered with.
The axles were attached to the wooden floors with leather straps, the floor projecting on each side to take the wheels which were secured by linchpins to their outer faces.
gloss: A central cohesive source of stability and security; a person or thing that is critical to a system or organisation.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
examples: What is difficult to appreciate, however, is the discrepancy between his statement to the 'Manchester Guardian' correspondent and his known abhorance for party politics, which is the lynchpin of modern democracy.
Community nurses have been described as the lynchpins of palliative care in the community.
Second, QAnon, whose adherents have deep ties to countless other large communities, has become a linchpin in that ecosystem, and the absurdity of its claims in no way reduces its political influence.
gloss: To adopt as, or serve as, a central cohesive source of stability and security.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: The poems turn fear of individual death into an audit of the costs of an aristocratic status quo which is linchpinned by a monarchy indulging in paradigms of social redress that have become cosmetic, opportunities for self-display rather than genuine justice.
Related words: kingpin
Translations:
augment
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: entertainment
grammar
human-sciences
lifestyle
linguistics
music
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English augmenten, from Middle French augmenter, from Old French augmenter, from Late Latin augmentare (“to increase”), from Latin augmentum (“an increase, growth”), from augere (“to increase”).
Inflected forms:
form: augments
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: augmenting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: augmented
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: augmented
pos: verb
tags: past
form: augments
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To increase; to make larger or supplement.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The money from renting out a spare room can augment a salary.
gloss: To grow; to increase; to become greater.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
reflexive
gloss: To slow the tempo or meter, e.g. for a dramatic or stately passage.
pos: verb
gloss: To increase an interval, especially the largest interval in a triad, by a half step (chromatic semitone).
pos: verb
gloss: To add an augment to.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: A grammatical prefix
pos: noun
examples: The augment is found in Greek, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Phrygian.
gloss: A grammatical prefix
pos: noun
examples: Fundamentally the augment characterizes a verbal action viewed from a non-contemporary standpoint, either the moment of speaking (or writing) or a further verbal action.
gloss: A grammatical prefix
pos: noun
gloss: An increase.
pos: noun
Synonyms: add
amplify
augment
dilate
eke / eke out
elevate
embiggen
enhance
enlarge
enlargen
enrich
greaten
grow
increase
increment
largen
magnify
propagate
raise
strengthen
swell
up
Antonyms: contract
dial back
diminish
Related words: auction
augmentable
augmentation
august
author
authorize
auxiliary
Derived words: augmentary
augmentee
augmentive
bioaugment
reaugment
augmentless
Translations:
field
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: ball-games
baseball
cricket
games
government
hobbies
lifestyle
military
politics
softball
sports
war
Etymology: From Middle English feeld, feld (“field”), from Old English feld (“field”), from Proto-West Germanic *felþu (“field”), from Proto-Germanic *felþuz (“field”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“field, plain”) or *pleth₂- (“flat”) (with schwebeablaut).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots feld, feild (“field”), North Frisian fial, fälj (“field”), Saterland Frisian Fäild (“field”), West Frisian fjild (“field”), Dutch veld (“field”), German and Luxembourgish Feld (“field”), Vilamovian fald (“field”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk felt (“field”), Swedish fält (“field”), Finnish pelto (“field”), Asturian and Leonese platu (“plate”), Aragonese and Spanish plato (“plate”), Catalan plat (“plate”), French plat (“dish”), Galician, Mirandese, and Portuguese prato (“plate”), Italian piatto (“plate”), Latin *plattus (“flattened”), Greek πλατύς (platýs, “wide, broad”). Doublet of plate. Related also to Middle English flat (“flat”), Old English folde (“earth, land, territory”), Old English folm (“palm of the hand”). More at flat, fold.
Not related to English felt.
Inflected forms:
form: fields
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: fielding
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: fielded
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: fielded
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To intercept or catch (a ball) and play it.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To be the team catching and throwing the ball, as opposed to hitting it.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: The blue team are fielding first, while the reds are batting.
gloss: To place (a team, its players, etc.) in a game.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The away team fielded two new players and the second-choice goalkeeper.
On balance, it was harsh on Hearts, who had given as good as they got against their more-fancied opponents, who, despite not being at full strength, fielded a multi-million pound team.
gloss: To answer; to address.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: She will field questions immediately after her presentation.
gloss: To execute research (in the field).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He fielded the marketing survey about the upcoming product.
gloss: To deploy in the field.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: to field a new land-mine detector
Antonyms: bat
Related words: Field in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
Derived words: field off
field out
field up
misfield
Translations:
mana
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Māori mana, ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana.
The use of "mana" for "magical energy" in role-playing games originated from Larry Niven, when he wrote the short story, "Not Long Before the End", in 1969. It was later popularised by his The Magic Goes Away setting.
Inflected forms:
form: manas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Power, prestige; specifically, a form of supernatural energy in Polynesian religion that inheres in things or people.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: They further required that a certain number of the old Chiefs should be liberally pensioned by the Government, and placed upon a footing of equality with European gentlemen of independent means, in consideration of their resigning their "mana" as Chiefs in favor of the new system […]
The human tribe partakes of the mana or life-force of the animal, and is strengthened […]
But in popular estimation their essential virtue derived from the personal mana of the sovereign.
It can be seen, therefore, that mana is a nonvisible changing measure; it can remain static, increase, or decrease, depending on the actions or inaction of the recipient, and it can be enhanced or diminished.
Among the Maori sovereignty was the result of mana—power based on hereditary rank and personal achievement. Manas could coexist and overlap, as they did in the medieval times in Europe.
On a number of occasions in recent years apologies have been offered to Māori because of past offences to their mana and invasions of their rights as tangata whenua.
gloss: Magical energy.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Mana is the name we give to the power behind magic.
However, all such magik requires the mages [sic] own "MANA" or "internal power" to make it work. Without the mana, a spoken spell is just so much gibberish.
Lands generate mana, which is required to cast spells.
[…] Teleporting from an open room where there were a dozen black orcs firing bows […] landed me, low on mana and hitpoints, in a room full of gnome mages who instantly summoned four umber hulks and a xorn!
Mana often grows in exponential proportion to population size, so as the population increases the player acquires vastly greater powers—a progression that god games share with spellcaster characters in role-playing games.
The player starts with no mana crystals, and gets one on their first turn, meaning an 8-mana card cannot be played until turn 8.
Derived words: mana flood
mana glut
manaism
mana point
mana screw
mana shuffle
mana weave
Translations:
apostrophe
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
orthography
publishing
writing
Etymology: From French apostrophe, or Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”), a noun use of an adjective from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “to turn away”), from ἀπό (apó, “away from”) + στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).
Inflected forms:
form: apostrophes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: apostrophë
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: apostrophy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.
pos: noun
examples: Since its inception the apostrophe has been a controversial piece of punctuation.
Translations:
deity
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French deité, from Latin deitās.
Inflected forms:
form: deities
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: deitie
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Synonym of divinity: the state, position, or fact of being a god.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Thou seest all, yet none at all sees thee: / All that is by the working of thy Deitee.
gloss: A supernatural divine being; a god or goddess.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The fact that in most lands the moon was originally a female deity has led many historians to dispute the superiority of the moon over the sun in ancient mythology.
Every act of a Roman, from birth to death, from dawn to night, was controlled and supervised by some presiding deity.
The crux of monotheism is not only belief in a single deity but belief in a deity who is different from everything else.
Related words: deicide
deify
cosmocrat
deism
god
godliness
theism
Derived words: deityhood
deityless
deitylike
deityship
demideity
lunar deity
moon deity
multideity
overdeity
semideity
solar deity
subdeity
sun deity
Translations:
covenant
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: law
Etymology: From Middle English covenaunt, borrowed from Old French covenant (“agreement”), from Latin conveniēns, convenientem (“agreeing, agreeable, suitable, convenient”), present participle of conveniō (“to agree”). Cognate with convenient and convene.
Inflected forms:
form: covenants
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: covenaunt
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: covenants
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: covenanting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: covenanted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: covenanted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: covenaunt
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An agreement to do or not do a particular thing.
pos: noun
gloss: A promise, incidental to a deed or contract, either express or implied.
pos: noun
gloss: A pact or binding agreement between two or more parties (often one that is religious or religiously-based).
pos: noun
gloss: An incidental clause in an agreement.
pos: noun
gloss: To enter into, or promise something by, a covenant.
pos: verb
examples: Jupiter Covenanted with him, that it should be Hot or Cold, Wet or Dry, […] as the Tenant should Direct.
and they covenanted with him for thirty pieces of silver
gloss: To enter a formal agreement.
pos: verb
gloss: To bind oneself in contract.
pos: verb
gloss: To make a stipulation.
pos: verb
Synonyms: pact
agreement
Related words: convenable
convene
convenience
convenient
convent
convention
covenantee
Derived words: Ark of the Covenant
biblical covenant
covenantal
Covenantal nomism
Covenanter
covenanter
covenantism
covenantist
covenant-lite
Covenant marriage
covenant of grace
covenant of salt
covenant of title
covenant of warranty
covenantor
Covenant theology
discovenant
exclusionary covenants
halfway covenant
Mosaic covenant
New Covenant
New Covenant theology
Old Covenant
personal covenant
real covenant
religious covenant
restrictive covenant
suit covenant
Translations:
courage
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English corage, from Old French corage (French courage), from Vulgar Latin *corāticum, from Latin cor (“heart”). Distantly related to cardiac (“of the heart”), which is from Greek, but from the same Proto-Indo-European root. Displaced Middle English elne, ellen, from Old English ellen (“courage, valor”).
Inflected forms:
form: courages
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The quality of being confident, not afraid or easily intimidated, but without being incautious or inconsiderate.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: A great part of courage is the courage of having done the thing before.
There is a stubbornness about me that never can bear to be frightened at the will of others. My courage always rises at every attempt to intimidate me.
It takes a lot of courage to be successful in business.
gloss: The ability to overcome one's fear, do or live things which one finds frightening.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: He plucked up the courage to tell her how he felt.
Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear—not absence of fear.
gloss: The ability to maintain one's will or intent despite either the experience of fear, frailty, or frustration; or the occurrence of adversity, difficulty, defeat or reversal; moral fortitude.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: “Courage is not simply one of the virtues but the form of every virtue at the testing point, which means at the point of highest reality.”
I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what.
Courage isn't having the strength to go on - it is going on when you don't have strength.
2008, Maya Angelou, address for the 2008 Cornell University commencement
Courage is the most important of all the virtues because without courage, you can't practice any other virtue consistently.
I hope you live a life you’re proud of. If you find that you’re not, I hope you have the courage to start all over again.
Synonyms: audacity
balls
bield
boldhead
boldness
bravehood
braveness
bravery
courage
courageousness
daring
fearlessness
grit
guts
heart
intrepidity
intrepidness
mood
nerve
ovaries
pecker
pluck
spunk
steel
undauntedness
valour
Antonyms: cowardice
Related words: cardiac
bravado
chutzpah
cojones
heroism
impudence
mettle
piss and vinegar
pith
spirit
brave
hero
Derived words: courageless
courage of one's convictions
courageous
digital courage
discourage
Dutch courage
encourage
gather up one's courage
liquid courage
pluck up one's courage
screw up one's courage
take courage
take one's courage in both hands
Translations:
cute
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: mathematics
sciences
Etymology: Aphetic form of acute, originally meaning “keenly perceptive or discerning, shrewd” (1731). Meaning transferred to “pretty, fetching” by US students (slang) c. 1834. Meaning drifted further to describe the pleasing attraction to features usually possessed by the young.
Inflected forms:
form: cuter
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: cutest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Possessing physical features, behaviors, personality traits or other properties that are mainly attributed to infants and small or cuddly animals; e.g. fair, dainty, round, and soft physical features, disproportionately large eyes and head, playfulness, fragility, helplessness, curiosity or shyness, innocence, affectionate behavior.
pos: adj
examples: Our reaction to cute attributes is understood as the way nature ensures mammals care for their young.
gloss: Lovable, charming, attractive or pleasing, especially in a youthful, dainty, quaint or fun-spirited way.
pos: adj
examples: Let's go to the mall and look for cute girls.
gloss: Sexually attractive or pleasing; gorgeous.
pos: adj
examples: He's got such cute buns.
I ordered her to strip for me and made her wiggle her cute little ass as she took off her panties.
gloss: Affected or contrived to charm; mincingly clever; precious; cutesy.
pos: adj
examples: The actor's performance was too cute for me. All that mugging to the audience killed the humor.
Don't get cute with me, boy!
"This time we aren't interested in anything cute or cryptic. We want the truth."
gloss: Mentally keen or discerning (See also acute)
pos: adj
examples: Then Turpin being so very cute,
He hid his money in his boot.
'Filled with old doddering peers, cute financial magnates, clever wirepullers, big brewers with bulbous noses. All the enemies of progress are there — weaklings, sleek, slug, comfortable, self-important individuals.
"The police are cute enough, of course, to choose either a Roman Catholic or a materialist as the magistrate."
Cute trick, but can you do it consistently?
gloss: Evincing cleverness; surprising in its elegance or unconventionality (but of limited importance).
pos: adj
tags: especially
examples: There's a cute alternative proof of this using lambda calculus.
Cute solution to pin one Knight by unpinning the other and so force discovered guard for the Bishop: it took me hours to find that Bishop key.
We state a cute result that can be derived from our calcuations^([sic]). It is not applied anywhere later, but shows that graphs with heavy tails and large clustering coefficients have large cores.
Synonyms: having features mainly attributed to infants and small
cuddly animals
Derived words: cute aggression
cute as a bug in a rug
cute as a bug's ear
cute as a button
cute as a pin
cute as a speckled pup
cute as corn
cute-'em-up
cuteful
cute girls doing cute things
cute hoor
cuteish
cutely
cute meet
cuten
cuteness
cutensil
cutesome
cutester
cutesy
cutey
cutie
cutification
cutify
meet cute
noncute
overcute
supercute
uncute
Translations: