yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
informal
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: agriculture
business
horticulture
lifestyle
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Italic *n̥-
Latin in-bor.
Middle English in-
English in-
English formal
English informal
From in- + formal.
Inflected forms:
form: more informal
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most informal
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Not formal or ceremonious.
pos: adj
examples: an informal get-together
One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.” He at once secured attention by his informal method, and when presently the coughing of Jarvis […] interrupted the sermon, he altogether captivated his audience with a remark about cough lozenges being cheap and easily procurable.
Students and faculty members lunch at the cafeteria and naturally communicate freely with one another in a relaxed and informal setting.
Participants emphasized the importance of their social network in facilitating their strength training experiences. Family members served as informal coaches who introduced the participants to basic exercises. This role, where family members model healthy behaviors, has been identified as being important to help supporting PA participation among autistic individuals in prior work (Ku et al., 2020; Shields et al., 2012).
gloss: Not in accord with the usual regulations.
pos: adj
examples: an informal agreement
gloss: Suited for everyday use.
pos: adj
examples: informal clothes
gloss: Reflecting everyday, non-ceremonious usage.
pos: adj
examples: When I returned to the movie Ghilli, a Kollywood classic (Kollywood being the informal name for Tamil cinema) that I loved as a kid, I couldn’t help but question why the story continues romantically, without question, after the heroine is slapped by the supposed love of her life.
gloss: Not organized; not structured or planned.
pos: adj
Synonyms: not formal
ceremonious
not in accord with the usual regulations
suited for everyday use
Antonyms: formal
Derived words: informal fallacy
informal group
informalism
informalist
informality
informalize
informal learning
informal logic
informally
informal marriage
informal settler
informalwear
semi-informal
superinformal
Translations:
everyday
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English everidayes, every daies, every dayes (“everyday, daily, continual, constant”, adjective, literally “every day's”), equivalent to every + day.
Compound parts: every
day
Inflected forms:
form: every day
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: every-day
pos: adj
tags: alternative
archaic
form: every day's
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Appropriate for ordinary use, rather than for special occasions.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: 1906, Edith Nesbit, The Railway Children, Chapter 4: The engine-burglar,
When they had gone, Bobbie put on her everyday frock, and went down to the railway.
gloss: Commonplace, ordinary.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Then you came in. I heard your rumbling voice
Out in the kitchen, and I don't know why,
 But I went near to see with my own eyes.
You could sit there with the stains on your shoes
 Of the fresh earth from your own baby's grave
And talk about your everyday concerns.[…]
Although it is an everyday virus, there is something about influenza that inspires awe.
By 2025, of course, Trump and Miller were back in the White House, pursuing a campaign promise to “remigrate” millions of everyday people out of America.
gloss: Present or recurring every day.
pos: adj
tags: literally
not-comparable
examples: For Everyday Recording / For example: Programme time for timer recording every day from 20:00–22:45 on timer programme number 7. Programming for everyday recording can be made on any of the timer programme numbers 1–7. […] For Everyweek Recording / For Example: Programming a timer recording for a TV programme that is broadcast every week on Sunday, from 20:00 to 22:45.
“What kind of place do you live in! Every time we turn around, somebody else is getting killed!” / “Believe me, it’s not an everyday occurrence.” An everyweek occurrence lately, however.
It’s not an everyday, or even an everyweek, event, but nowadays you can sometimes see young couples kissing goodbye at street corners and train stations.
We hope this becomes an ‘everyday’ book in your kitchen – or at least an ‘everyweek’ book.
gloss: Commonplace or ordinary during daytime.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
rare
examples: This was an everyday and everynight scene a couple of decades ago.
It calls for methods of thinking, of writing texts, and of investigation that expand and extend our knowledge of how our everyday/everynight worlds are put together, determined and shaped as they are by forces and powers beyond our practical and direct knowledge.
The locus of emancipatory hopes shifts from everyday to everynight life.
Derived words: everyday carry
everyday life
everydayness
everydays
everyday skill
everydaywear
Translations:
unofficial
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Germanic *un-
Proto-West Germanic *un-
Old English un-
Middle English un-
English un-
English official
English unofficial
From un- + official.
Inflected forms:
form: more unofficial
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most unofficial
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Not officially established.
pos: adj
examples: the unofficial results of the ballot
And even though their numbers have been halved—that’s the unofficial tally given in one of the strategy sessions—everyone from Sansa to Daenerys to Varys is wondering who is going to rule over which pile of smoking ruins.
gloss: Not officially established.
pos: adj
examples: The unofficial reason for invading the nation, however, was to control their resources.
gloss: Not acting with official authority.
pos: adj
examples: an unofficial adviser
Drivers' union ASLEF bluntly rebuffed the claim of unofficial action, calling it a lie. And Avanti West Coast was unable to provide any proof for its assertion, when questioned by RAIL.
gloss: Not listed in a national pharmacopeia etc.
pos: adj
Synonyms: inofficial
Antonyms: official
Derived words: unofficial farthing
unofficiality
unofficially
unofficialness
Translations:
carton
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from French carton, from Italian cartone. Doublet of cartoon.
Inflected forms:
form: cartons
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: cartons
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: cartoning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: cartoned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: cartoned
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: An inexpensive, disposable box-like container fashioned from either paper, paper with wax-covering (wax paper), or other lightweight material.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: a carton of milk or eggs
gloss: A pack of cigarettes, usually ten, wrapped in cellophane or packed in a light cardboard box.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.
pos: noun
tags: Australia
countable
uncountable
examples: Mr Yunupingu was referred to the clinic where I was working at that time, Northside Clinic, for treatment of his alcohol problem. I think he described drinking between one and four cartons every single day - it's quite a phenomenal amount.
gloss: A kind of thin pasteboard.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
uncountable
gloss: A small disc within the bullseye of a target.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
uncountable
gloss: A shot that strikes this disc.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
uncountable
gloss: To put in a carton.
pos: verb
Derived words: cartoner
cartonful
carton girl
cartonless
cartonlike
carton-pierre
egg carton
juice carton
milk carton
pick-to-carton
Translations:
screen
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: ball-games
basketball
broadcasting
film
games
hobbies
lifestyle
media
medicine
sciences
sports
television
Etymology: From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.
Inflected forms:
form: screens
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: screening
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: screened
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: screened
pos: verb
tags: past
form: skreen
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: To filter by passing through a screen.
pos: verb
examples: Mary screened the beans to remove the clumps of gravel.
gloss: To filter.
pos: verb
tags: broadly
figuratively
examples: Passenger baggage was screened by X-ray to look for weapons.
gloss: To shelter or conceal.
pos: verb
gloss: To remove information, or censor intellectual material from viewing. To hide the facts.
pos: verb
examples: The news report was screened because it accused the politician of wrongdoing.
"It were dishonour in me to yield. I will not play the part of an impostor, whom my uncle must despise even while he screens. No; these estates are his right: let him take them; I will not buy them with his daughter's hand."
gloss: To present publicly (on the screen).
pos: verb
examples: The news report will be screened at 11:00 tonight.
gloss: To fit with a screen.
pos: verb
examples: We need to screen this porch. These bugs are driving me crazy.
gloss: To examine patients or treat a sample in order to detect a chemical or a disease or to assess susceptibility to a disease.
pos: verb
gloss: To search chemical libraries by means of a computational technique in order to identify chemical compounds which would potentially bind to a given biological target such as a protein.
pos: verb
gloss: To stand so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.
pos: verb
gloss: To determine the source or subject matter of a call before deciding whether to answer the phone.
pos: verb
examples: A Phone to Screen Calls
If you screen your calls as a time management technique, try this message: I'm not near my phone right now, but I should be able to return calls after 3:30.
The new phones can take pictures, screen calls and even make calls on their own.
Derived words: screened-in
screener
screen in
screen out
Translations:
malapropism
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From the name of Mrs. Malaprop, a character in the play The Rivals (1775) by Richard Brinsley Sheridan + -ism. As dramatic characters in English comic plays of this time often had allusive names, it is likely that Sheridan fashioned the name from malapropos (“inappropriate; inappropriately”), from French mal à propos. Mrs. Malaprop is perhaps the best-known example of a familiar comedic character archetype who unintentionally substitutes inappropriate but like-sounding words that take on a ludicrous meaning when used incorrectly.
Affixes: -ism
Inflected forms:
form: malapropisms
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: Malapropism
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
form: malapropoism
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: The blundering use of an absurdly inappropriate word or expression in place of a similar-sounding one.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: The script employed malapropism to great effect.
gloss: An instance of this; malaprop.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: The translator matched every malapropism in the original with one from his own language.
The humor comes from all the malapropisms.
Related words: examples of malapropisms
acyrologia
eggcorn
folk etymology
misnomer
mondegreen
phantonym
spoonerism
Derived words: malaphor
malapropic
Translations:
shogunate
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English shogun
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Italic *-tus
Latin -tus, -tūs
Latin -ātusder.
English -ate
English shogunate
From shogun + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office).
Inflected forms:
form: shogunates
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: shōgunate
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The office or dignity of a shogun.
pos: noun
tags: historical
Translations:
abductive
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: anatomy
computing
engineering
human-sciences
logic
mathematics
medicine
natural-sciences
philosophy
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Italic *ap
Latin abder.
Latin ab-
Proto-Indo-European *dewk-
Proto-Indo-European *déwkti
Proto-Italic *doukō
Latin dūcō
Latin abdūcō
Latin abductusder.
English abduct
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.
Latin -īvus
Old French -ifbor.
Middle English -yf
English -ive
English abductive
From abduct + -ive.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Related or pertaining to abductor muscles and their movement.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Being or relating to a logical process of abduction or inference.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Abducting, pertaining to an abduction (a kidnapping).
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
rare
examples: The logs showed that between 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on the abductive day, 10,718 SIMs connected with the seven […] Some people in the kidnap zone would of course have called each other innocently, but […]
Antonyms: deductive
Related words: abductive reasoning
Derived words: abductively
nonabductive
Translations:
conundrum
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: A word of unknown origin with several variants, gaining popularity for its burlesque imitation of scholastic Latin, as hocus-pocus or panjandrum. If there is more to its origin than a nonce coinage, Anatoly Liberman suggests the best theory is that connecting it with the Conimbricenses, 16th c. scholastic commentaries on Aristotle by the Jesuits of Coimbra which indulge heavily in arguments relying on multiple significations of words.
Inflected forms:
form: conundrums
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: conundra
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A difficult question or riddle, especially one using a play on words in the answer.
pos: noun
examples: “Why should I understand that, or anything else?” asked the girl. “Don’t bother my head by asking conundrums, I beg of you. Just let me discover myself in my own way.”
Besides assisting in unravelling these two etymological conundrums, the present research also made an effort to approach a greater accuracy in presenting the original sources of borrowed words.
gloss: A difficult choice or decision that must be made.
pos: noun
examples: 2004, Martha Stewart, statement read before being sentenced to five months in prison
And while I am more concerned about the well-being of others than for myself, more hurt for them and for their losses than for my own, more worried for their futures than for the future of Martha Stewart the person, you are faced with a conundrum, a problem of monumental, to me, proportions.
Herb was initially overcome by Jakarta ('The impressions of noise, chaos, tremendous crowdedness and I suppose whitelessness were perhaps the strongest, and I felt something of a stranger') and faced with the familiar conundrum ('again the sensation of the thousands of hungry people all around – happy looking often, pluckily cheerful but in fact hungry – is strange and upsetting'), but he quickly slipped into the volunteer lifestyle with relish, borrowing a bike from Soewarto, a friend from Kempen, and spending a lot of his time with volunteers, including Lance Castles and John Gare.
Translations:
Pali
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Clipping of Palestinian, influenced by Paki.
Inflected forms:
form: Palis
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: Pally
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: Pally
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A Palestinian person.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
ethnic
offensive
slur
gloss: Palestinian.
pos: adj
tags: derogatory
ethnic
not-comparable
offensive
slur
Translations:
asea
Part of speech: adj
adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English a-
English sea
English asea
From a- + sea.
Inflected forms:
form: a-sea
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: a-sea
pos: adv
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: on the ocean; on a boat on the ocean
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: uncertain; (psychologically) adrift.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: in the direction of the sea, seaward.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
prepare
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Partially a back-formation from preparation; and partially borrowed from Middle French preparer, from Classical Latin praeparāre (“make ready in advance”), from prae- (“pre-”) + parāre (“make ready”). Compare Middle English preparaten (“to prepare”).
Inflected forms:
form: prepares
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: preparing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: prepared
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: prepared
pos: verb
tags: past
form: no-table-tags
pos: verb
tags: table-tags
form: glossary
pos: verb
tags: inflection-template
form: prepare
pos: verb
tags: infinitive
form: prepare
pos: verb
tags: first-person
present
singular
form: prepared
pos: verb
tags: first-person
past
singular
form: prepare
pos: verb
tags: present
second-person
singular
form: preparest
pos: verb
tags: archaic
present
second-person
singular
form: prepared
pos: verb
tags: past
second-person
singular
form: preparedst
pos: verb
tags: archaic
past
second-person
singular
form: prepares
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: prepareth
pos: verb
tags: archaic
present
singular
third-person
form: prepared
pos: verb
tags: past
singular
third-person
form: prepare
pos: verb
tags: plural
present
form: prepared
pos: verb
tags: past
plural
form: prepare
pos: verb
tags: present
subjunctive
form: prepared
pos: verb
tags: past
subjunctive
form: prepare
pos: verb
tags: imperative
present
form: -
pos: verb
tags: imperative
past
form: preparing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: prepared
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
Senses:
gloss: To make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble or equip; to forearm.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: We prepared the spacecraft for takeoff.
that they may prepare a city for habitation
our souls, not yet prepared for upper light
gloss: To make ready for eating or drinking; to cook.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: We prepared a fish for dinner.
gloss: To make oneself ready; to get ready, make preparation.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: We prepared for a bumpy ride.
As soon as Julia returned with a constable, Timothy, who was on the point of exhaustion, prepared to give over to him gratefully. The newcomer turned out to be a powerful youngster, fully trained and eager to help, and he stripped off his tunic at once.
Tourists visited a memorial hall adorned by a slogan in the handwriting of Chiang Kai-shek, Taiwan's divisive former nationalist leader: "Stay alert and prepare for battle."
gloss: To produce or make by combining elements; to synthesize, compound.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: She prepared a meal from what was left in the cupboards.
Synonyms: busk
graith
ready
yark
Related words: preparation
preparatory
Derived words: disprepare
failure to prepare is preparing to fail
fore-prepare
foreprepare
hope for the best, prepare for the worst
if you want peace, prepare for war
misprepare
overprepare
preparability
preparable
preparate
prepare ahead
preparement
prepare the ground
prepare the way
prepare up
preparingly
preprepare
pre-prepare
reprepare
unprepare
Translations:
vacillation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English vacillacion, a learned borrowing from Latin vacillātiō (“swaying”). By surface analysis, vacillate + -ion.
Inflected forms:
form: vacillations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Indecision in speech or action.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Changing location by moving back and forth.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Synonyms: swing
swinging
Related words: vacillate
Translations:
johnson
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Compare the use of other men’s names as slang terms for the penis, e.g. peter and others listed in that entry.
Inflected forms:
form: johnsons
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: Johnson
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Penis.
pos: noun
tags: slang
examples: Fuck your sympathy! I don't need your sympathy, man, I need my fucking Johnson!
Translations:
arbour
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English arbere, arber, an alteration of herber, erber (“pleasure garden; herb garden”) influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).
Inflected forms:
form: arbours
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: arbor
pos: noun
tags: alternative
US
Senses:
gloss: UK standard spelling of arbor.
pos: noun
Translations:
rotifer
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin rota (“wheel”) + -fer (“-bearing”), after Italian rotifero.
Inflected forms:
form: rotifers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any of many minute aquatic multicellular organisms, of the phylum Rotifera, that have a ring of cilia resembling a wheel.
pos: noun
Translations:
populate
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: business
computing
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from Medieval Latin populātus, past participle of populor (“populate”), from Latin populus (“people”).
Inflected forms:
form: populates
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: populating
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: populated
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: populated
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To supply with inhabitants; to people.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To live in; to inhabit.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To increase in number; to breed.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To fill initially empty items in a collection.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: John clicked the Search button and waited for the list to populate.
Clicking the refresh button will populate the grid.
gloss: To fill initially empty slots or sockets on a circuit board or similar.
pos: verb
Antonyms: depopulate
Related words: people
popular
population
populous
Derived words: populatable
populated
populator
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: попълвам
roman: popǎlvam
lang: Dutch
word: aanvullen
lang: French
word: remplir
lang: German
word: füllen
lang: Hungarian
word: feltölt
lang: Hungarian
word: kitölt
lang: Hungarian
word: megtölt
lang: Hungarian
word: feltöltődik
lang: Hungarian
word: megtelik
lang: Persian
word: اسکاندن
lang: Persian
word: سکنادن
lang: Russian
word: заполнить
roman: zapolnitʹ
lang: Ukrainian
word: запо́внювати
roman: zapóvnjuvaty
inhabit
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Old French enhabiter, from Latin inhabitāre (in + habitāre).
Inflected forms:
form: inhabits
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: inhabiting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: inhabited
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: inhabited
pos: verb
tags: past
form: enhabit
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: To live or reside in.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The Inuit inhabit the Arctic.
O, who would inhabit this bleak world alone?
gloss: To be present in.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Strange thoughts inhabit my mind.
Related words: inhabitant
Derived words: coinhabit
inhabitability
inhabitable
inhabitancy
inhabitation
inhabiter
inhabitor
reinhabit
Translations:
groan
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English gronen, granen, from Old English grānian (“to groan; lament; murmur”), from Proto-West Germanic *grainōn, from Proto-Germanic *grainōną (“to howl; weep”), from Proto-Germanic *grīnaną (“to whine; howl; whimper”).
Cognate with Scots grain (“to cry, scream”), Dutch grijnen, grienen (“to cry; sob; blubber”), German Low German grienen (“to whimper; mewl”), German greinen (“to whine; whimper”), Swedish grina (“to howl; weep; laugh”).
The noun is from Middle English gron, grone, from the verb.
Inflected forms:
form: groans
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: groane
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: grane
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Scotland
form: grain
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Scotland
form: graen
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Scotland
form: groans
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: groaning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: groaned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: groaned
pos: verb
tags: past
form: groane
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: grane
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Scotland
form: grain
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Scotland
form: graen
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Scotland
Senses:
gloss: A low, mournful sound uttered in pain or grief.
pos: noun
examples: let out a groan
gloss: A low, guttural sound uttered in frustration, disapproval, or ecstasy.
pos: noun
gloss: A low creaking sound from applied pressure or weight.
pos: noun
gloss: To make a groan.
pos: verb
examples: We groaned at his awful jokes.
The wooden table groaned under the weight of the banquet.
My Lord of Hereford here whom you call King, / Is a foule traitour to proud Herefords King, / And if you crowne him let me propheſie, / The bloud of Engliſh ſhall manure the ground, / And future ages groane for this foule act, [...]
Designed to accommodate 60,000 people per day in the 1960s, the main concourse, entrances and passageways around the station were by then positively groaning under the weight of more than 140,000 passengers every 24 hours.
gloss: To seemingly creak under the strain of being heavily laden.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
examples: That night the table in the outer dining room was just groaning with good things.
Bookshelves groan under the bloated weight of tomes detailing Great Straight Marriages.
Whenever Ms. Rompoti’s curvy protagonist, an event planner named Sienna, was in a scene, the A.I. constantly referenced her weight, for example, noting that a chair groaned when she sat down.
gloss: To strive after earnestly, as if with groans.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, / Or that which groaneth to be so.
Derived words: agroan
begroan
groaner
groanful
groanless
groansome
groan tube
groanworthy
groany
Translations:
aggie
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English agate
English -ie
English aggie
From agate + -ie.
Inflected forms:
form: aggies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Marble or a marble made of agate, or one that looks as if it were made of agate.
pos: noun
tags: countable
informal
uncountable
examples: Mrs. Collins. Never seen so many children out. Snowmen in every yard this year.
Billy. Look at mine, Mr Willis. Got a baseball for a nose and my best aggies for eyes.
Mr. Willis. Yeah, marbles are fine—but in my day we used coal.
Most of the time it went fine; some of his classmates had so many marbles they could have opened up their own shop in smurfs, pirates, purple aggies and pink panthers.
Translations:
stash
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Topics: business
manufacturing
textiles
Etymology: Unknown. Perhaps a blend of stick + cache or stow + cache.
Compound parts: stick
cache
Inflected forms:
form: stashes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: stashes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: stashing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: stashed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: stashed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A collection, sometimes hidden.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: Near-synonyms: cache, reserve, hoard
They had quite a stash of food saved up for emergencies.
If you want *real* booze, not the wash they serve here, come to my secret stash spot.
gloss: A place where drugs are stored.
pos: noun
tags: US
countable
informal
slang
examples: The dealers managed to store the dope in the stash just in time to avoid being caught by the police.
gloss: Clothing or other items branded with a particular university club or society's logo.
pos: noun
tags: UK
slang
uncountable
examples: Near-synonyms: merch, swag
We've now ordered stash for everyone who said they wanted some.
gloss: A collection of yarn or other materials not yet allocated to any particular craft project.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: My stash is mostly unfinished objects on the needles. I have one bag of yarn that I bought to make a coat.
gloss: To hide or store away for later use.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He stashed his liquor in the cabinet under the bar.
“Landlord,” said I, “tell him to stash his tomahawk there, or pipe, or whatever you call it; tell him to stop smoking, in short, and I will turn in with him.
All of the Do The Right Thing characters who are caught up in the quagmire of racial politics are male, while the women in the movie […] are all safely stashed away in their domestic spaces.
Derived words: destash
stashbox
Translations:
sturdy
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.
Disease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.
Inflected forms:
form: sturdier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: sturdiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong.
pos: adj
examples: a sturdy oak tree
He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy then dainty.
gloss: Solid in structure or person.
pos: adj
examples: It was a sturdy building, able to withstand strong winds and cold weather.
The dog was sturdy and could work all day without getting tired.
Diana’s most recent romantic adventure at that time was with the sturdy hunk Will Carling, captain of the England rugby team, whom she had met in 1995 working out at the Chelsea Harbor Club gym.
gloss: Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn.
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
examples: This must be done, and I would fain see / Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay.
[A] ſturdy, hardned Sinner ſhall advance to the utmoſt pitch of Impiety with leſs difficulty, leſs reluctance of Mind, than perhaps he took the firſt ſteps in Wickedneſs, whilſt his Conſcience was yet Vigilant and Tender.
gloss: Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality.
pos: adj
examples: a man of sturdy piety or patriotism
gloss: A disease caused by a coenurus infestation in the brain of an animal, especially a sheep or canid; coenurosis.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Synonyms: hardy
staunch
stalwart
Derived words: get sturdy
sturdily
sturdiness
sturdy beggar
unsturdy
Translations:
civilized
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more civilized
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most civilized
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: civilised
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Having a highly developed society or culture; belonging to civilization.
pos: adj
examples: In the year 1521, when Cortez reached Anahuac, the American bison was seen for the first time by civilized Europeans, if we may be permitted to thus characterize the horde of blood thirsty plunder seekers who fought their way to the Aztec capital.
Like the wolf, man the hunter in killing the weak and unfit, actually works to maintain the health of the herd. But civilized man is quite a different animal, and when he wipes out an entire city or levels a forest, he is no longer working within the natural balance of things.
gloss: Showing evidence of moral and intellectual advancement; humane, reasonable, ethical.
pos: adj
gloss: Marked by refinement in taste and manners.
pos: adj
examples: A waiter brought his aperitif, which was a small scotch and soda, and as he sipped it gratefully he sighed.
 ‘Civilized,’ he said to Mr. Campion. ‘Humanizing.’ […]‘Cigars and summer days and women in big hats with swansdown face-powder, that's what it reminds me of.’
Derived words: civilizedly
civilizedness
hypercivilized
noncivilized
overcivilized
precivilized
semicivilized
subcivilized
supercivilized
ultracivilized
uncivilized
Translations:
detrimental
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Medieval Latin *dētrīmentālis, from Latin dētrīmentum (“harm”), from dēterō (“to rub off, wear”), from dē- (“down, away”) + terō (“to rub or grab”).
Inflected forms:
form: more detrimental
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most detrimental
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: detrimentals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Causing damage or harm.
pos: adj
examples: Smoking tobacco can be detrimental to your health.
"The fact is," continued he, "Lady Anne fears that my visits here may prove detrimental to what she considers your best interests. I thought myself an old, safe friend; but, as that cannot be explained to every body, she fears that I may keep off other and more eligible lovers."
It agrees that redundant services should not be continued but is not unmindful of the fact that too much retrenchment of rail services now may ultimately prove detrimental to the economy of the country.
Decisions made at the DfT inevitably reflect a London-centric experience, with a comparison being made with the closure of ticket offices throughout the London Underground network. This is not judged to have been detrimental, but there is a simple zonal fares system that is hardly comparable with the range of ticket types used on the national rail network.
gloss: Anything harmful.
pos: noun
examples: The definition of a parasite is a microbe that lives in you or on you to its benefit and to your detriment. In other words, the detrimentals suck the life out of you.
I'm afraid it may be the detrimentals, the poets, and æsthetes, and impressionist painters, who will rave about her.
Translations:
formality
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle French formalité. equivalent to formal + -ity.
Base: formal
Affixes: -ity
Inflected forms:
form: formalities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being formal.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: [S]uch an one […] recalls as a vision of Paradise the land he has learnt to love; he exaggerates the insalubrity of a northern climate; he bewails the wretched formality of our civilised life, and so, back to the distant solitudes flies his recollection like a dove to the wilderness.
gloss: Something said or done as a matter of form.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A customary ritual without substance, real consequence, or unique meaning.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The examination for priesthood is no mere formality, so we have to study well.
gloss: A specific requirement for obtaining a legal status, conducting a transaction, etc.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: I expected some sort of formality before they let me see the crown—so valuable—but there was really nothing at all. I just said, "Can I see No. 64, please?" and he simply pulled one of the shallow drawers out of its case and put it down before me on the table.
Derived words: semiformality
Translations:
intelligentsia
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
politics
Etymology: From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija) or Polish inteligencja, from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”). Doublet of intelligence.
Inflected forms:
form: intelligentsias
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: […] среди рабочих растет страстное стремление к знанию и к социализму, среди рабочих выделяются настоящие герои, которые — несмотря на безобразную обстановку своей жизни, несмотря на отупляющую каторжную работу на фабрике, — находят в себе столько характера и силы воли, чтобы учиться, учиться и учиться и вырабатывать из себя сознательных социалдемократов, «рабочую интеллигенцию». В России уже есть эта «рабочая интеллигенция», и мы должны приложить все усилия к тому, чтобы ее ряды постоянно расширялись, чтобы ее высокие умственные запросы вполне удовлетворялись, чтобы из ее рядов выходили руководители русской социал-демократической рабочей партии.
It should be noted that there is now no intelligentsia that is not in some sense "Left". Perhaps the last right-wing intellectual was T. E. Lawrence. Since about 1930 everyone describable as an “intellectual” has lived in a state of chronic discontent with the existing order.
Translations:
letterpress
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Topics: media
printing
publishing
Etymology: From letter + press.
Compound parts: letter
press
Inflected forms:
form: letterpresses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The printing process in which ink is applied to the top surface of a raised image area, which is then pressed against paper to transfer the image.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Printing directly from type, in distinction from printing from plates.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A machine used for such printing.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Derived words: letterpressed
nonletterpress
Translations:
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 活版印刷
roman: huóbǎn yìnshuā
lang: Czech
word: knihtisk
lang: Polish
word: druk wypukły
goodnight
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From good + night.
Compound parts: good
night
Inflected forms:
form: goodnights
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An instance of saying “good night”; a nighttime farewell.
pos: noun
examples: At last the pupils had all taken their hats and said their “Goodnights,” and Adam, knowing his old master's habits, rose and said, “Shall I put the candles out, Mr. Massey?”
The afternoon passed into evening, and the sparrows began to twitter their goodnights in their lodgings on the roof and crevices of the chimney; […]
George wakes, hearing the confused goodnights of the departing guests.
Ray and Josh spoke their goodnights.
Translations:
laryngeal
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: anatomy
human-sciences
linguistics
medicine
phonetics
phonology
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lắrŭnx)bor.
New Latin larynx
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Indo-European *-éyos
Proto-Italic *-ejos
Proto-Italic *-eos
New Latin -eus
New Latin laryngeus
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
▲
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
▲
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English laryngeal
Derived from New Latin laryngeus + -al, from larynx (“larynx”) + -eus (adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, laryng- + -al or -ial.
Base: laryngeus
Affixes: -al
Inflected forms:
form: laryngal
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: laryngeals
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: laryngal
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Of or pertaining to the larynx.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
relational
examples: At sight of it there commenced a series of laryngeal spasms, with clutchings at his throat, far more violent than any I had heretofore seen.
gloss: (of a speech sound) Made by or with constriction of the larynx with only the front part of the vocal cords vibrating, giving a very low frequency and producing what is known as "creaky voice."
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
relational
gloss: An anatomical part (such as a nerve or artery) that supplies or is associated with the larynx.
pos: noun
gloss: A sound uttered by using the larynx.
pos: noun
gloss: In Proto-Indo-European, one of the typically three reconstructed consonants usually marked as ⟨h₁⟩, ⟨h₂⟩ and ⟨h₃⟩.
pos: noun
examples: The vowel-coloring effects of the IH laryngeals cannot be considered apart from the vowel-reducing effect of the IH stress accent[…]
[…]it is not only different from Buck's in the linguistics (laryngeals have seen to that); it is very different in scope and aim.
Finally, it should be noted that laryngeals not adjacent to syllabics were apparently deleted by three different rules.
Derived words: alaryngeal
circumlaryngeal
endolaryngeal
epilaryngeal
extralaryngeal
glossolabiolaryngeal
hyolaryngeal
hypolaryngeal
intralaryngeal
laryngeal artery
laryngealize
laryngealized
laryngeally
laryngeal nerve
laryngeal pouch
laryngeal prominence
laryngeal sac
laryngeal saccule
microlaryngeal
nonlaryngeal
orolaryngeal
otolaryngeal
perilaryngeal
pharyngolaryngeal
postlaryngeal
prelaryngeal
retrolaryngeal
sublaryngeal
supralaryngeal
superlaryngeal
tracheolaryngeal
translaryngeal
Translations:
nizzle
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: Blend of nigga + -izzle. Popularized by the hip-hop culture in the 1990s and 2000s, as a rhyme of shizzle, as in fo shizzle my nizzle (“for sure, my nigga”).
Compound parts: nigga
-izzle
Inflected forms:
form: nizzles
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Nigga, nigger.
pos: noun
tags: US
slang
Translations:
philanthropist
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From philanthropy + -ist; compare French philanthrope.
Base: philanthropy
Affixes: -ist
Inflected forms:
form: philanthropists
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A person who loves humankind in general.
pos: noun
gloss: A person or institution who seeks to improve the world, especially by monetary gifts.
pos: noun
examples: […]and with a passing vague wonder as to what manner of man the ‘philanthropist’ might be who had more money than he knew what to do with,[…]
He was a noted philanthropist, and played a public-spirited part in the support of the Army during the Crimean War.
It is not uncommon for young philanthropists to retool their giving as they learn from their mistakes. Many other charities have only a single focus. But it has been jarring to allies of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to see such a wholesale discarding and downplaying of its prior work, especially given how public it had been about its goals.
Related words: altruist
altruism
misanthropy
misanthropic
misanthropist
misandry
misogyny
philanthropy
philanthropic
philandry
philogyny
Derived words: fauxlanthropist
philanthropath
philanthropistic
philanthropreneur
technophilanthropist
theophilanthropist
Translations:
invincible
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle French invincible, from Latin invincibilis (“unconquerable”), from in- (“not”) + vincibilis (“conquerable”), from vincere (“to conquer”).
Base: vincibilis
Affixes: in-
Inflected forms:
form: invincibles
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Impossible to defeat, destroy, or kill; too powerful to be defeated or overcome.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: You know our armie is inuincible:
As many circumcized Turkes we haue,
And warlike bands of Chriſtians renyed,
As hath the Ocean or the Terrene ſea
Small drops of water, […]
Nothing in this world could / Ever bring them down / Yeah, they're invincible / And she's just in the background
I'm unstoppable / I'm a Porsche with no brakes / I'm invincible / Yeah, I win every single game
gloss: Someone or something that cannot be defeated, destroyed, or killed.
pos: noun
Translations:
nostalgic
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English nostalgia
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English nostalgic
From nostalgia + -ic.
Inflected forms:
form: more nostalgic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most nostalgic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: nostalgics
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of, having, or relating to nostalgia.
pos: adj
examples: And here, as I write, the faint, scarcely perceptible, ghost-like suspicion of a scent—a mere nostalgic fancy, compound, generic, synthetic and all-embracing—an abstract olfactory symbol of the "Tout Paris" of fifty years ago, comes back to me out of the past; and fain would I inhale it in all its pristine fulness and vigour.
And it was their voices which affected Gudrun almost to swooning. They aroused a strange, nostalgic ache of desire, something almost demoniacal, never to be fulfilled.
Misery and a nameless nostalgic distress possessed him. He was twenty-three, and oh! so agonizingly conscious of the fact.
An opening sequence, featuring a de-aged Ford playing a younger Indy, is a bold and nostalgic gambit, offering a glimpse of what you've missed.
gloss: A person who displays nostalgia for something.
pos: noun
examples: But of course every well-brought-up person to-day knows that the Victorians were sentimentalists, nostalgics, escapists, self-deceivers.
In Bow Street court next morning, the slapper proved to be a paid agent of a group of nostalgics who call themselves The League of Empire Loyalists.
FA Cup Centenary 1872-1972. One for the football nostalgics.
Translations:
based
Part of speech: adj
intj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English base
English -ed
English based
From base + -ed.
Inflected forms:
form: more based
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most based
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Founded on; having a basis; often used in combining forms.
pos: adj
examples: That was a soundly based argument.
The company opted for a subscription-based business model.
gloss: Indicating emphatic approval of a statement or opinion, often a controversial or unpopular one.
pos: intj
tags: Internet
humorous
sometimes
examples: —There is no ethics in communism—Based.
Translations:
Balkanization
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: political-science
social-sciences
Etymology: From Balkan + -ization. The term is a reference to the conflicts that the Balkan peninsula experienced in the 20th century.
Base: Balkan
Affixes: -ization
Inflected forms:
form: Balkanizations
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: balkanization
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: Balkanisation
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The fragmentation of a geopolitical region into several small states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other.
pos: noun
tags: countable
historical
uncountable
gloss: Any disintegration or fragmentation process.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
informal
uncountable
examples: demographic balkanization
Issues that are already hotly contested become even more divisive in the context of social balkanization.
In other words, will the biometric future feature biometric centralization whereby one biometric would dominate multiple applications, or will we see biometric balkanization where multiple biometrics are used for multiple applications?
Related words: Balkanize
Derived words: cyber-Balkanization
Translations: