yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
remark
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle French remarquer, from Old French remarquer, from re- (“again”) + marquer (“to mark”), equivalent to re- (“again”) + mark.
Base: mark
Affixes: re-
Inflected forms:
form: remarks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: remarking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: remarked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: remarked
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To pay heed to; notice; to take notice of, to perceive.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: I remarked a certain twang in his southern pronunciation.
'Did you ever remark that door?' he asked; and when his companion had replied in the affirmative, 'It is connected in my mind,' added he, 'with a very odd story.'
When travelling in Spain, Willkomm remarked qobar at a distance of 3 or 4 miles, yet, on reaching the actual spot, he saw nothing.
“Let's just be grateful he's alive,” said Kate, and several heads turned sharply, remarking this unaccustomed display of feeling from a Fifth Floor lady.
gloss: To pass comment on (something); to indicate, point out.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
transitive
examples: [S]he resolved to […] enter into conversation with her, by remarking the warmth of the room and the length of the dance.
gloss: To mark (someone or something) out; to distinguish, to make notable.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
transitive
examples: His manacles remark him; there he sits.
gloss: To express in words or writing; to state, as an observation.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He remarked that it was getting late.
Thou art a man remark't to taſt a miſchiefe, / Looke for't; though it come late, it vvill come ſure.
He looked at me with pity, which caused me to smile, remarking that I had noticed that here and elsewhere in the east, the heroes had monuments or statues erected to their memory[…]
gloss: To make a remark or remarks on, to comment on (something).
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Synonyms: comment
emention
notic
observe
Derived words: remarkability
remarker
remark on
remark upon
Translations:
remind
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From mid 17th century, equivalent to re- + mind (“to remember”). Probably suggested by obsolete rememorate with the same sense. Displaced Old English myndgian.
Base: mind
Affixes: re-
Inflected forms:
form: reminds
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: reminding
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: reminded
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: reminded
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: I am aware, reader, and you need not remind me, that it is a dreadful thing for a parson to be warlike: […]
His eyes were green and every cat I see to this day reminds me of the exact contour of his face.
Translations:
remount
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman remunter, Middle French remonter, later also reinforced by re- + mount.
Base: mount
Affixes: re-
Inflected forms:
form: remounts
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: remounting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: remounted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: remounted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: remounts
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To go up again; to rise another time.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: They remounted together to their sitting-room while Sir Claude, who said he would join them later, remained below to smoke and to converse with the old acquaintances that he met wherever he turned.
gloss: To help (someone) back on a horse.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To get back on a horse, bicycle etc.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: And, as it fell, his steed he ready found; / On whom remounting fiercely forth he rode […]
We remounted and took up the same hard tempo.
gloss: To get back on (an animal, vehicle) again.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Still agitated, she watched resentfully as two traffic policemen remounted their motorcycles.
gloss: To ascend (something) again.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To fix (something) back into position.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To mount (a drive or volume) again.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: The opportunity of, or things necessary for, remounting; specifically, a fresh horse, with its equipment.
pos: noun
examples: to give somebody a remount
gloss: The process of mounting a drive or volume again.
pos: noun
gloss: The restaging of a play or film.
pos: noun
examples: Sometimes I tell people she is auditioning for a remount of the musical “Hair”.
By mid-January they announced a remount of the television classic Peter Pan.
Derived words: remountable
unremounted
Translations:
rename
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥
Proto-Germanic *namô
Proto-West Germanic *namō
Old English nama
Middle English name
English name
English rename
From re- + name.
Inflected forms:
form: renames
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: renaming
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: renamed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: renamed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: renames
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To give a new name to.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: However, in 1844, saner counsels prevailed, and Edgeley became the principal station—the directors eating their words once more by retaining the older station, which was renamed Heaton Norris.
[…] And then, finally, we got to Vietnam. Given the dishonesty surrounding that war, I guess it's not surprising that, at the time, the very same condition was renamed post-traumatic stress disorder.
MERIDIAN (HNS) - Habitat 7 Renamed Ryder-I
In honor of his achievements in the Heleus Cluster, the planet formerly known as Habitat 7 has been renamed after the human Pathfinder. The Pathfinder's father, former Pathfinder Alec Ryder, was killed exploring the planet. Now it will bear his son's name.
Taipei County was upgraded to the status as a special municipality in 2010 and renamed New Taipei.
The order temporarily renames the United States Digital Service as the United States DOGE Service for 18 months and directs the entity to overhaul the software used at federal agencies as part of a “Software Modernization Initiative” in order to “maximize governmental efficiency and productivity.”
On Monday, Trump signed an executive order renaming the Gulf of Mexico.
When Google announced it was complying with US President Donald Trump’s executive order to rename the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America, many Mexicans responded with a laugh and a long, exhausted sigh.
gloss: An instance of renaming.
pos: noun
examples: warning: detected divergent renames of foo to:
bar
quux
Translations:
rend
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).
Inflected forms:
form: rends
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: rending
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: rent
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: rent
pos: verb
tags: past
form: rended
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: rended
pos: verb
tags: past
form: rends
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Powder rends a rock in blasting.
Lightning rends an oak.
If thou more murmur'st, I will rend an oak / And peg thee in his knotty entrails till / Thou hast howl'd away twelve winters.
gloss: To violently disturb the peace of; to throw into chaos.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
transitive
examples: a scream that rent the air
We are most vulnerable now to the messages of the new subcults, to the claims and counterclaims that rend the air.
gloss: To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: A time to rent, and a time to sow: a time to keepe silence, and a time to speake.
And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven.
For a time, there reigned, too, a sense of peculiar dread at this flitting apparition, as if it were treacherously beckoning us on and on, in order that the monster might turn round upon us, and rend us at last in the remotest and most savage seas.
gloss: To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Relationships may rend if tempers flare.
gloss: A violent separation of parts.
pos: noun
examples: She'd been in a couple of minor car accidents herself, and witnessed a few others, and the rend of metal was unforgettable.
Derived words: berend
rap and rend
render
rendible
rend one's garments
rendrock
torend
uprend
Translations:
repaint
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
English paint
English repaint
From re- + paint (“verb”).
Inflected forms:
form: repaints
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: repainting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: repainted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: repainted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: repaints
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To paint anew or again, especially if recently painted.
pos: verb
examples: to repaint a house; to repaint the ground of a picture
Nearly all of their locomotives have never been repainted, which is as much as 24 years in the case of some of the DB Cargo units.
gloss: To draw or render again on the display.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: To force a window to repaint itself programmatically, you call the inherited Invalidate() method[…]
gloss: The act or process of painting something again, especially if recently painted.
pos: noun
examples: They didn't like the color so we had to do a repaint.
More join us at Colwall and at the lovely station at Great Malvern, although the place is in need of some TLC nowadays. The ornate canopy supports are overdue a repaint, and the closed cafe gives the place a forlorn air.
gloss: The act of drawing or rendering again on the display.
pos: noun
examples: WPF will call your OnRender function when it needs to know what content your visual displays, but the way graphics acceleration works in WPF means that this happens far less often than the equivalent repaints in Win32.
Derived words: repaintable
repainter
unrepainted
Translations:
repertoire
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from French répertoire, from Middle French repertoire, from Late Latin repertōrium (“an inventory, list, repertory”). Doublet of repertory.
Inflected forms:
form: repertoires
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: répertoire
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform or display.
pos: noun
examples: The conjurer expanded his repertoire with some new tricks.
When Bad Bunny took center stage for the 2026 Super Bowl LX halftime show on Sunday at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California, the Puerto Rican artist made history as the first music star with a primarily Spanish-language repertoire to do so.
gloss: The set of skills, abilities, experiences, etc., possessed by a person.
pos: noun
gloss: The set of vocalisations used by a bird.
pos: noun
gloss: An amount, body, or collection of something.
pos: noun
gloss: A processor's instruction set.
pos: noun
gloss: An abstract set of characters, independent of their encoding.
pos: noun
examples: ISO Latin 1 repertoire
There is quite a jump from the WGL4 repertoire to the Unicode 2.0 repertoire, but there are few intermediate general purpose repertoires.
Related words: character encoding
character set
Derived words: immunorepertoire
repertoreme
subrepertoire
Translations:
repetitive
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin repetitus, with the suffix -ive.
Inflected forms:
form: more repetitive
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most repetitive
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Happening many times in a similar way; containing repetition; repeating.
pos: adj
examples: The lecture was too repetitive and lost its impact.
He kept repeating the same repetitive tasks without making progress.
The movie was criticized for its repetitive scenes and predictable plot.
Antonyms: nonrecurrent
nonrecurring
nonrepeating
nonrepetitional
Translations:
replant
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
English plant
English replant
From re- + plant.
Inflected forms:
form: replants
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: replanting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: replanted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: replanted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: replants
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To plant again, especially to plant in a different place, using different plants, or in a different design.
pos: verb
examples: As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field. In Paris 22 hectares of roof have been planted, out of a potential total of 80 hectares.
gloss: The act of planting again.
pos: noun
Translations:
repress
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Ultimately from Latin repressus, the perfect passive participle of reprimō (“to repress”).
Inflected forms:
form: represses
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: repressing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: repressed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: repressed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: represses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To forcefully prevent an upheaval from developing further.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: to repress rebellion or sedition
to repress the first risings of discontent
gloss: To check; to keep back.
pos: verb
tags: broadly
transitive
examples: Deſire of wine and all delicious drinks […] Thou couldſt repreſs,
gloss: A record pressed again; a repressing.
pos: noun
examples: Save for the shows he actually taped — Dylan, Springsteen, Page & Plant and other kindred spirits — his own titles by 1994 were just represses of hard-to-find Japanese or American titles.
Related words: repression
repressive
repressor
Derived words: autorepress
corepress
derepress
repressibility
repressible
repressment
transrepress
Translations:
reprimand
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From French réprimande, from réprimer (“to repress”).
Inflected forms:
form: reprimands
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: reprimands
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: reprimanding
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: reprimanded
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: reprimanded
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A severe, formal or official reproof; reprehension, rebuke, private or public.
pos: noun
examples: Goldsmith gave his landlady a sharp reprimand for her treatment of him.
gloss: To reprove in a formal or official way.
pos: verb
examples: 1983. Rosen, Stanley. Plato’s Sophist: The Drama of Original & Image. South Bend, Indiana, USA: St. Augustine’s Press. p. 62.
He is struck by Antinous, who is in turn reprimanded by one of the “proud young men” courting Penelope:
Translations:
require
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Old French requerre (French: requérir), from Latin requīrō (“to require, seek, ask for”).
Inflected forms:
form: requires
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: requiring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: required
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: required
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To demand, to insist upon (having); to call for authoritatively.
pos: verb
examples: "I am Miss Newbury," I announced, "and I require to be shown to my room immediately, if you please."
‘Regrettably, I have concluded, after considering the matter over Christmas[…], that I can no longer maintain the high standard of service I require of myself, meet the demands of office and cope with the pressures of public life, without my health deteriorating further.’
gloss: Naturally to demand (something) as indispensable; to need, to call for as necessary.
pos: verb
examples: Chronic pain is occasionally a sign of a very serious problem, like brain tumors, and can require surgery.
A weapon small enough to put on a missile would require uranium enriched to more than 90% U-235.
gloss: To demand (of someone) to do something.
pos: verb
examples: It is required (of me) that I give evidence in court.
After Aug 3 all salesgirls will be required to wear only one style of skirt while on duty: the midi.
The government would like to require non-British fiances who wish to marry a British citizen to sit an English test.
gloss: To ask (someone) for something; to request.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: I requyre yow lete vs be sworne to gyders that neuer none of vs shalle after this day haue adoo with other, and there with alle syre Tristram and sire Lamorak sware that neuer none of hem shold fyghte ageynst other nor for wele, nor for woo.
I requyre the in the name of god, that thou torment me nott.
Synonyms: ask
call for
exact
Related words: requirement
requisite
request
Derived words: desperate times require desperate measures
extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
prerequire
requirability
requirable
require improvement
unrequire
Translations:
lang: Armenian
word: պահանջել
roman: pahanǰel
lang: Bulgarian
word: искам
roman: iskam
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 要求
roman: yāoqiú
lang: Finnish
word: vaatia
lang: Finnish
word: edellyttää
lang: French
word: exiger de
lang: French
word: prier
lang: Galician
word: requirir
lang: Italian
word: richiedere
lang: Italian
word: domandare
lang: Japanese
word: 要求する
roman: yōkyū suru
lang: Russian
word: тре́бовать
roman: trébovatʹ
lang: Russian
word: потре́бовать
roman: potrébovatʹ
lang: Swedish
word: avkräva
resemblance
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman resemblance, from Old French (compare French ressemblance). Morphologically resemble + -ance.
Base: resemble
Affixes: -ance
Inflected forms:
form: resemblances
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: resemblaunce
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The quality or state of resembling.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: His wife and sister had too many points of resemblance, not to entertain a strong and mutual dislike.
Before the discovery and confirmation of the existence of rhenium predicted by Mendeleev's periodic law, rhenium was provisionally termed dvi-manganese because of its expected resemblance to manganese.
gloss: That which resembles, or is similar; a representation; a likeness.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A comparison; a simile.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Probability; verisimilitude.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Synonyms: likeness
Related words: semblance
Derived words: family resemblance
misresemblance
nonresemblance
Translations:
resent
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French ressentir, resentir, from Old French resentir (Modern ressentir), from re- + sentir (“to feel”).
Inflected forms:
form: resents
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: resenting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: resented
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: resented
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To feel resentment over; to consider as an affront.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The bride greatly resented being left at the church.
These books will fill, and well fill, certain stretches of life […] But in old or nervous or solemnest or dying hours, when one needs the impalpably soothing and vitalizing influences of abysmic Nature, or its affinities in literature or human society, and the soul resents the keenest mere intellection, they will not be sought for.
Mother very rightly resented the slightest hint of condescension. She considered that the exclusiveness of Peter's circle was due not to its distinction, but to the fact that it was an inner Babylon of prodigality and whoredom,[…].
[…] of all the sections of a ship's company, the forecastlemen, veterans for the most part and bigoted in their sea-prejudices, are the most jealous in resenting territorial encroachments […]
so that they resent recent Kartvelian encroachment on their land, which has been accompanied by repeated attempts to Georgianize them.
Boys’ basketball boosters say something is missing in the stands at away games, cheerleaders resent not being able to meet their rivals on the road, and even female basketball players being hurrahed are unhappy.
gloss: To express displeasure or indignation at.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Do you resent us for offering you that choice?
The good prince King James […] bore dishonourably what he might have resented safely.
gloss: To be sensible of; to feel.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
transitive
gloss: In a positive sense, to take well; to receive with satisfaction.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
transitive
examples: […] which makes the tragical ends of noble persons more favorably resented by compassionate readers.
gloss: To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by smelling; -- associated in meaning with sent, the older spelling of scent, to smell. See resent (intransitive verb).
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: Perchance as vulturs are ſaid to ſmell the earthlineſſe of a dying corps; ſo this bird of prey reſented a worſe than earthly ſavour in the ſoul of Saul, an evidence of his death at hand.
But our King Henrie the ſeventh (being too good a ſenſer to miſtake a flouriſh for a blow) quickly reſented his drift (which was to perſwade our King to peace, till Charles ſhould perform his projects in little Britain and elſewhere) and dealt with him accordingly.
gloss: To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
Derived words: resentable
resenter
resentful
resentingly
resentive
unresented
unresenting
Translations:
reside
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English residen, from Old French resider, from Latin resideō (“remain behind, reside, dwell”), from re- (“back”) + sedeō (“sit”).
Inflected forms:
form: resides
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: residing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: resided
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: resided
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to remain for a long time.
pos: verb
examples: […] And the delighted ſpirit / To die in fierie floods, or to recide / In thrilling Region of thicke-ribbed Ice […]
The men resided in a huge bunk house, which consisted of one room only, with a shack outside where the cooking was done. In the large room were a dozen bunks; half of them in a very dishevelled state, […]
During the late eighteenth century there were 221 chia (official divisions within the pao-chia system, which reflected population) inside the city and approximately 1,900 chia in the remainder of the hsien, indicating that 10 percent of the hsien population resided in Chiu-chiang city.
He still resides at his parents' house.
gloss: To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be as in attribute or element.
pos: verb
examples: […] for Cogitation / Reſides not in that man, that do’s not thinke […]
gloss: To sink; to settle, as sediment.
pos: verb
examples: […] The madding Winds are huſh’d, the Tempeſts ceaſe, / And every rolling Surge resides in Peace.
Synonyms: abide
bedwell
belive
dwell
haunt
inhabit
live
occupy
reside
stay
Antonyms: leave
vacate
wander
Related words: coreside
residence
residency
resident
residential
abide
dwell
live
stay
Derived words: nonresiding
Translations:
respectful
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From respect + -ful.
Base: respect
Affixes: -ful
Inflected forms:
form: more respectful
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most respectful
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: respec'ful
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Marked or characterized by respect
pos: adj
examples: 1907, Marshall Broomhall (Editor), The Chinese Empire. A General & Missionary Survey/The Province of Kansu
On the whole, indifference rather than open hostility has been the attitude of the people towards the Gospel, but since 1900 there has been a more eager and respectful attention to the things taught.
It is of great importance that you act in a respectful manner towards the duke and duchess.
They used highly respectful language when conversing with the elders.
Antonyms: contemptuous
disdainful
disrespectful
Translations:
retaliation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English retaliate
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin -ātiōlbor.
Old French -ationbor.
Middle English -acioun
English -ation
English -ion
English retaliation
From retaliate + -ion.
Inflected forms:
form: retaliations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Violent or otherwise punitive response to an act of harm or perceived injustice; a hitting back; revenge.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Hamas knew there would be massive retaliations.
Translations:
retch
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English *recchen, *rechen (attested in arechen), hræcen (“to cough up”), from Old English hrǣċan (“to clear the throat, hawk, spit”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrākijan, from Proto-Germanic *hrēkijaną (“to clear one's throat”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreg- (“to caw, crow”). Cognate with Icelandic hrækja (“to hawk, spit”), Limburgish räöke (“to induce vomiting”), Bavarian reckn (“to retch, gag”) and German recken (“to retch, gag”). Also related with German Rachen (“throat”).
Inflected forms:
form: retches
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: retching
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: retched
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: retched
pos: verb
tags: past
form: reach
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: retches
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: reach
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To make or experience an unsuccessful effort to vomit; to strain or spasm, as if to vomit; to gag or nearly vomit.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
transitive
examples: Here he grew inarticulate with retching.
gloss: To vomit; to make or experience a successful effort to vomit.
pos: verb
tags: broadly
intransitive
transitive
examples: […] in a couple of hours they were seized with violent retching; the contents of their stomachs were mixed with blood, mucus, and froth.
[…] severe, with a heavy retching; the contents of the stomach would come up rather easily at first, but as it continued the retching became more severe. By the straining to vomit, all the symptoms were […]
[…] retching the contents of his breakfast – his fabled raw eggs and beer by the look of it – up onto the sidewalk. But some sort of salvation seemed to be at hand in the shape of a young woman who now came up to the retching poet.[…]
“What manner of being are you?” I cried. The creature's black tar viscera flew from the lacerated stump, covering Mary and myself in the fluid. I recall instantly retching the contents of my stomach, while simultaneously […]
Retching the contents from his lungs. The uncomfortable warble of voices called for help, greeting him at the floor. He was laid on a gurney, the slimy contents wiped from his face. The sting of needles inserted in his arms.
gloss: An unsuccessful effort to vomit.
pos: noun
Derived words: retcher
Translations:
retell
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
English tell
English retell
From re- + tell.
Inflected forms:
form: retells
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: retelling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: retold
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: retold
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To tell again, often differently, what one has read or heard; to paraphrase.
pos: verb
examples: She will retell the story from her perspective in the next meeting.
He had to retell the story several times before it was understood.
The author decided to retell the classic fairy tale with a modern twist.
But if you really insist she'll retell the unfortunate case of a man named Sean Doyle.
Translations:
retry
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: law
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
English try
English retry
From re- + try.
Inflected forms:
form: retries
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: retrying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: retried
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: retried
pos: verb
tags: past
form: retries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To try or attempt again.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: to retry connecting to the Internet after an error
On October 20, Forsen streamed on Twitch as he retried to defeat the Ender Dragon as fast as he could.
There’s a chance the error code appeared as a mistake, so retrying could help you get back to the fight in no time.
The problem? Unlike dying during the Great Ape Vegeta fight, you can’t retry right away.
gloss: To try judicially a second time.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: to retry a case
to retry an accused person
Despite mounting evidence against her, the jury found Casey not guilty. Since then, she’s thrown out numerous accusations about her family, a number of which she alleged in the 2022 docu-series Casey Anthony: Where the Truth Lies. But amid the release of a new documentary involving her parents, George and Cindy, could she be retried?
gloss: Another attempt.
pos: noun
examples: “As such, the issue with login remains. If for any reason you get the ‘Failed to connect to server’ issue, it means that the maximum number of login requests for that particular minute is exceeded and/or that the servers are full and will require someone to log out before allowing new players in. As mentioned above, the increased capacity should require less retries to get in.”
Derived words: retriable
retrier
Translations:
rife
Part of speech: adj
adv
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).
Inflected forms:
form: rifer
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: rifest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: more rife
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most rife
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Widespread, common, prevalent, current (mainly of unpleasant or harmful things).
pos: adj
examples: Smallpox was rife after the siege had been lifted.
Rumors were rife that the factory was about to shut down.
Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and mortal.
The tumult of loud mirth was rife.
She was afterwards Lady Keith; and the mention of this name in the tale, as it were by mere accident, fixes the era of it in the reign of James the Fourth, at the very time that fairies, brownies, and witches, were at the rifest in Scotland.
The 'denominational considerations' mentioned below relate, of course, to anti-Semitic feeling, which was already rife in Vienna during the last years of the nineteenth century.
BRB engineers, it is known, have a warm regard for the Ventura range and speculation is rife that it may feature more widely in future BR dieselisation programmes.
gloss: Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful.
pos: adj
examples: Red deer are rife in these woodlands.
Seeds are rife in a watermelon.
gloss: Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things).
pos: adj
examples: Many post-colonial governments were rife with lawlessness and corruption.
They will have to reflect on a seventh successive defeat in a European final while Chelsea try to make sense of an eccentric season rife with controversy and bad feeling but once again one finishing on an exhilarating high.
gloss: Having power; active; nimble.
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
examples: What! I am rife a little yet.
gloss: Plentifully, abundantly.
pos: adv
examples: The snowdrops grow rife on the slopes of Mount Pembroke.
Synonyms: ubiquitous
Derived words: overrife
rifely
rifeness
unrife
Translations:
rigorous
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English rigorous, from Middle French and Anglo-Norman rigoreus, derived from Late Latin rigōrōsus (stiff, rigid; inflexible). By surface analysis, rigor + -ous.
Inflected forms:
form: more rigorous
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most rigorous
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: rigourous
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Showing, causing, or favoring rigour/rigor; scrupulously accurate or strict; thorough.
pos: adj
examples: a rigorous officer of justice
a rigorous execution of law
a rigorous inspection
From this time onwards, the Westinghouse air brake literally went from strength to strength, and was triumphantly justified in the course of rigorous trials, both on the Pennsylvania Railroad and at Newark-on-Trent in this country.
Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.
gloss: Severe; intense.
pos: adj
examples: a rigorous winter
Synonyms: painstaking
scrupulous
strict
Antonyms: arbitrary
capricious
whimsical
Derived words: nonrigorous
overrigorous
rigorously
rigorousness
unrigorous
Translations:
riot
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English riot (“debauched living, dissipation”), from Old French riote (“debate”), from rioter (“to quarrel”), perhaps related to riboter or from Latin rugio (“to roar”).
Compare French riotte and Occitan riòta.
Inflected forms:
form: riots
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: riots
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: rioting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: rioted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: rioted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by a large group of people, often involving violence or damage to property.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The protests began peacefully but turned into riots after several days.
gloss: A wide and unconstrained variety.
pos: noun
tags: countable
figuratively
uncountable
examples: In summer this flower garden is a riot of colour.
The human world is contracting not only prospectively but to the backward-probing eye of culture-history. Nevertheless we are as yet far from able to reduce the riot of spoken languages to a small number of “stocks.”
gloss: A humorous or entertaining event or person.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
uncountable
examples: Check this out! We have to get this! I can't believe all this stuff! This is a total riot!
They call me "quiet girl", but I'm a riot
gloss: Wanton or unrestrained behavior or emotion.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: For when his head-ſtrong Riot hath no Curbe,
gloss: Excessive and expensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
examples: the lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day
gloss: To create or take part in a riot; to raise an uproar or sedition.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: The nuclear protesters rioted outside the military base.
gloss: To act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of feasting, luxury, etc.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
obsolete
examples: Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, / Riots in pleasure, and neglects the law.
Think of the insults, wrongs, and contumelies, / Ye bear from your proud lords—that your hard toil / Manures their fertile fields—you plow the earth, / You sow the corn, you reap the ripen'd harvest,— / They riot on the produce!— […]
gloss: To cause to riot; to throw into a tumult.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To annoy.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Synonyms: anarchy
breach of the peace
chaos
discord
trouble
disorder
disorderliness
disturbance
instability
lawlessness
mayhem
rioting
riot
rowdiness
strife
turbulence
upheaval
Related words: commotion
Derived words: antiriot
anti-riot
ariot
counterriot
laugh riot
postriot
preriot
race riot
read someone the riot act
riot act
Riot Act
riot booster
riot boosting
rioter
riot gear
riot girl
riot grrl
riot grrrl
riotise
riotist
riotless
riot mask
riot money
riotous
riot police
riotproof
riotry
riot shield
riot stairs
run riot
Swing riot
nonrioting
unrioted
Translations:
robust
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: anthropology
biology
computing
engineering
history
human-sciences
mathematics
natural-sciences
paleontology
physical-sciences
sciences
software
statistics
zoology
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin rōbus
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Latin -tus
Latin rōbustuslbor.
English robust
Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus.
Inflected forms:
form: more robust
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: robuster
pos: adj
tags: comparative
uncommon
form: most robust
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: robustest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
uncommon
Senses:
gloss: Able to withstand adverse conditions.
pos: adj
gloss: Evincing strength and health; strong; (often, especially) both large and healthy.
pos: adj
examples: He was a robust man of six feet four.
robust health
A robust wall was put up.
She was stronger, larger, more robust physically than he had hitherto conceived.
gloss: Requiring strength or vigor.
pos: adj
examples: robust employment
gloss: Sensible (of intellect etc.); straightforward, not given to or confused by uncertainty or subtlety.
pos: adj
examples: robust findings
robust proof
robust explanation
robust lesson
gloss: Rough; rude.
pos: adj
tags: euphemistic
examples: As a frenetic opening continued, Cahill - whose robust approach had already prompted Jamie Carragher to register his displeasure to Atkinson - rose above the Liverpool defence to force keeper Pepe Reina into an athletic tip over the top.
gloss: Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage.
pos: adj
gloss: Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions.
pos: adj
gloss: Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors.
pos: adj
gloss: Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built; muscular; not gracile.
pos: adj
Related words: robusta
Derived words: bias-robust
heterokurtosis-robust
heteroscedasticity-robust
nonrobust
robust association of massive baryonic objects
robust australopithecine
robust blacksmelt
robust capuchin monkey
robust Christianity
robustful
robusticity
robustification
robustify
robustious
robustity
robustize
robustly
robustness
unrobust
Translations:
rocky
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English rokki, rokky (“rocky”), from rok, rokke (“rock; a rock or stone; large rock by a coast or in the sea; rocky outcrop on a mountain, cliff; castle, citadel, stronghold”) [and other forms] + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Rok, rokke are derived from:
* Old English *rocc (“rock”); and
* Anglo-Norman roc, roce, roque, and Old French roce, roke, roque, variants of roche (“rock”);
both from Medieval Latin roca, rocca; further etymology uncertain, possibly of Celtic origin. The English word is analysable as rock + -y (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘having the quality of’).
Base: rock
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: rockier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: more rocky
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: rockiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: most rocky
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Abounding in, or full of, rocks; consisting of rocks.
pos: adj
examples: a rocky mountain    a rocky shore
The pihoihoi live in the island's interior, and the torea on its rocky shore.
When faced with a rockier or muddier section, look ahead for the easiest way across. This might involve hopping from one rock to another, or looking for flat sections or patches of vegetation that might be grippier.
gloss: Like a rock; rigid, solid.
pos: adj
examples: Marsh went on as his prisoner drank. "Because you're caught in the middle of my alternate plan, Ram-Jam, which ram-jams your ass between the rockiest rock and the hardest hard place you ever imagined.
gloss: Having a habitat around or on rocks.
pos: adj
gloss: Not easily affected or impressed; stony; hard; obdurate; unfeeling.
pos: adj
tags: archaic
figuratively
examples: to have a rocky heart
gloss: Having little or no money; stony broke.
pos: adj
tags: slang
examples: "Come, George, fork out. I'm sorry if you're rocky too but it's an absolute that it's no good going back without it."
"'Rocky,' my God!" said George, echoing her shallow laugh. "Well—but how much do you need to square it?"
Derived words: nonrocky
Rockies
Rocky Creek
Rocky Face
Rocky Ford
Rocky Glen
Rocky Hall
Rocky Hill
Rocky Mount
Rocky Mountain
Rocky Mountains
rocky planet
Rocky River
rocky road
Rocky View County
rockily
rockiness
Translations:
roulette
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: geometry
hobbies
lifestyle
mathematics
philately
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from French roulette (“roulette, little wheel”). The sense "situation with a random chance of incurring serious harm" may be abstracted from Russian roulette.
Inflected forms:
form: roulettes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: roulettes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: rouletting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: rouletted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: rouletted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A game of chance in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered (usually red and black) spaces. When the ball stops, it indicates the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: An instance of risk-taking, especially when the downside exceeds the upside (contrary to the game of roulette where only the wager is lost).
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
uncountable
examples: Doctors and health officials said that the WRC-TV documentary, "DPT: Vaccine Roulette," emphasized the risks of the vaccine while ignoring the dangers of the disease, which has been almost wiped out in this country.
They would all rather take their chances with the existing policy-making roulette rather than follow process discipline.
By contrast giving treatments open-label slows everything down by leading us up blind alleys while playing roulette with our patients' lives.
gloss: A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to produce rows of dots.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: A similar wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making alterations in a mezzotint.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: The locus of a point on a plane curve that rolls without slipping along another fixed plane curve.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: Any of the small incisions on a sheet of stamps, used as an alternative to perforations.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A cylindrical curler for the hair.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To separate or decorate by incisions made with a small toothed wheel.
pos: verb
examples: to roulette a sheet of postage stamps
Related words: roll
Derived words: Delaunay roulette
pepper roulette
roulettelike
roulette table
roulette wheel
Russian roulette
Sturm roulette
Vatican roulette
Translations:
rugged
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English rugged, roggyd, ruggyd, derived from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”), equivalent to rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed. Compare Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”), Swedish rugga (“to roughen”), Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”), Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”), Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”), dialectal Danish raggad (“shaggy”).
Base: rug
Affixes: -ed
Inflected forms:
form: more rugged
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most rugged
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Broken into sharp or irregular points; uneven; not smooth; rough.
pos: adj
examples: BY and by, after a rugged climb, we halted on the summit of a hill which commanded a far-reaching view.
gloss: Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven.
pos: adj
examples: Commercially produced yarn, such as rayon, produces a cloth with a smoother, shinier look than hand-spun cotton, but the uneven, rugged look of hand-spun cotton can be quite appealing.
gloss: Rough with bristly hair; shaggy.
pos: adj
examples: His hair was light and rather thin; his face strong and rugged from exposure, and his eyes narrow and observant.
gloss: Strong, sturdy, well-built.
pos: adj
examples: Many women and men delude themselves into thinking that only the hardest and most rugged man is attractive and to many it may be the case.
gloss: Rocky and bare of plantlife.
pos: adj
examples: As the train wound along the river valleys through western Pennsylvania the scenery grew more rugged and the painted houses of Lancaster County gave way to dirty clapboard dwellings and shack homes clinging to the mountainside.
Hidden within 30,000 acres of rugged private land, the ranch is cocooned by peaks and canyons in all directions.
Much of the area can be seen only by hikers who travel without trails to the higher reaches of this rugged mountain range.
gloss: Harsh; austere; hard
pos: adj
tags: character
gloss: Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous
pos: adj
gloss: Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking
pos: adj
gloss: Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled
pos: adj
examples: "Ah!" sighed the unimaginative Granby, and his honest, rugged face grew clouded. Pepper puffed in silence for a moment or two; then spoke.
gloss: Violent; rude; boisterous
pos: adj
gloss: Vigorous; robust; hardy
pos: adj
examples: "Her gaze rested for a moment on the muscular neck, heavy corded, almost bull-like, bronzed by the sun, spilling over with rugged health and strength..."
gloss: Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions.
pos: adj
examples: Psion, which supplies a range of rugged hand held computers, has lost nearly 2% after announcing a plunge into the red.
Derived words: nonrugged
rugged individualism
ruggedise
ruggedish
ruggedization
ruggedize
ruggedly
ruggedness
semirugged
unrugged
Translations: