yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
load-bearing
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: business
civil-engineering
construction
engineering
manufacturing
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Inflected forms:
form: load bearing
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: load bearing
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Able to support a load.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: 1908, Frederick E. Turneaure, Editor-in-Chief, Cyclopedia of Civil Engineering
The different forms of partitions that are not load-bearing will be considered under "Fireproofing."
The reactor units each called for a circular pit over 300ft. in diameter, excavated to a depth of 20ft. to reach a suitable load-bearing stratum.
Alternating sandstone and limestone (the limestone being used in façades exposed to the winter rains or in more load-bearing areas) created a most pleasing decorative effect.
It was in baptism (and in consequence in penance) that the theologically most load-bearing aspects of the liturgical life of the Church were concentrated.
For quotations using this term, see Citations:load-bearing.
gloss: Of a physical, digital, procedural etc. component, necessary to the integrity of the system of which it forms a part.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
not-comparable
examples: The number keeps going up, which has a buoying effect on markets that is, in the short term, good. But every good earnings report further entrenches Nvidia as a precariously placed, load-bearing piece of the global economy.
gloss: The carrying of loads.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: The porters, who stand in knots with cords upon their shoulders, bear huge loads; a characteristic of the place is this load-bearing and the size of the burdens.
1955, National Research Council (U.S.) Building Research Institute, Modular Measure: The Edited Papers and Discussions of a Research Correlation Conference Entitled Modular Coordination: Its Value in Contemporary Building, Conducted by the Building Research Institute
Since we do not need walls for load-bearing, the storage walls do not have to have any special thickness.
A common degenerative joint disease that involves synovial joints only with recurrent or abnormal load-bearing on normal cartilage or normal load-bearing on weakened cartilage, or both.
Translations:
Guinean
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English Guinea
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Italic *-nos
Latin -nus
Latin -ānus
Old French -ainder.
Middle English -an
English -an
English Guinean
From Guinea + -an.
Inflected forms:
form: Guineans
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: From Guinea.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: From Guinea-Bissau.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Someone from Guinea or of Guinean descent.
pos: noun
Translations:
bigwig
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: First arose in the 1730s, from big + wig. Formerly, English men of authority wore wigs. Bigwig plays on the idea that higher authority is denoted by a larger wig.
Base: big
Inflected forms:
form: bigwigs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: big wig
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: big-wig
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A person of importance in a group or organization.
pos: noun
tags: informal
examples: The company bigwig is gathering his staff together for a meeting today.
[…] more innocently, and no doubt profitably, than if he had dined at a big-wig's board or bemused himself with smoke and beer among his brethren of the pen.
Before her hay-day, she attended many derbys under her dad's celebrity where she'd hobnob with the bigwigs in Millionaire's Row.
Translations:
croft
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English croft, crofft, croffte, croofte, crofte (“croft”), from Old English croft (“enclosed field”); further etymology uncertain, but possibly from Proto-Germanic *kruftaz (“a hill; a curve”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to bend; arch, crook, curve”); see also crop. The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch kroft, krocht, crocht (“high and dry land; a field on the downs”), Middle Low German kroch (“enclosed piece of farmland or pasture”), Scots croft, craft (“croft”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Inflected forms:
form: crofts
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: crofts
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: crofting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: crofted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: crofted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: An enclosed piece of land, usually small and arable and used for small-scale food production, and often with a dwelling next to it; in particular, such a piece of land rented to a farmer (a crofter), especially in Scotland, together with a right to use separate pastureland shared by other crofters.
pos: noun
examples: ...to haue set and for malis and service...the four markland of Kincrakin...with the croft of Polgreyich and the croft that Ewin M'Ewin was wount to haue...
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft / The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft; / And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.
gloss: To do agricultural work on one or more crofts.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To place (cloth, etc.) on the ground in the open air in order to sun and bleach it.
pos: verb
tags: archaic
transitive
Derived words: crofter
crofting
Translations:
dickens
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Origin: 1590–1600; apparently a fanciful use of the proper name Dicken, diminutive form of Dick.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: The devil.
pos: noun
tags: euphemistic
examples: She can go to the dickens for what she said.
You scared the dickens out of me.
“Four weeks ago, I was sitting down for breakfast with my beautiful wife, Evie. Evie and I were sitting down with our two beautiful little boys, Connor and C-C-- Cah-- ristopher, and Christopher looks up to me-- he's six years old and full of the dickens--”
gloss: A disturbance or row.
pos: noun
examples: Hugh considered saying, Then I guess I'll just have to kick you a few times instead, you frog son of a bitch. Then he thought of that fat bastard Keeton, handing him a pink slip for kicking up dickens in the local tavern.
And lastly, thanks to my children, Dutch and Tallulah, for allowing me to see the magic of everything I love about popular culture anew through their eyes. This one is for you two dickens!
gloss: Used as an intensifier in the phrase the dickens; see that entry.
pos: noun
examples: Why the dickens did he do that?
We had the dickens of a row.
Synonyms: on earth
the hell
the devil
the heck
the fuck
Related words: Dickensian
Derived words: play the dickens with
the dickens you say
Translations:
propionate
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English propionic acid
English -ate
English propionate
From propionic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).
Inflected forms:
form: propionates
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any salt or ester of propionic acid.
pos: noun
Translations:
trihydroxy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Indo-European *tri-
Proto-Italic *tri-
Latin tri-der.
English tri-
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Hellenic *údōr
Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)
Ancient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.
English hydro-
English oxy
English hydroxy
English trihydroxy
From tri- + hydroxy.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Three hydroxy groups in a molecule
pos: noun
tags: in-compounds
uncountable
Translations:
pyrogallol
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥
Proto-Hellenic *pāwər
Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr)
Latin pyr
English pyro-
English gallic
English -ol
English pyrogallol
From pyro- + gallic + -ol.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: A poisonous trihydroxy phenol, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, C₆H₃(OH)₃, used as a photographic developer.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Translations:
mastoiditis
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English mastoid
Proto-Indo-European *-tósder.
Ancient Greek -της (-tēs)der.
Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis)lbor.
New Latin -itisder.
English -itis
English mastoiditis
From mastoid + -itis.
Inflected forms:
form: mastoiditides
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: mastoidites
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
yikes
Part of speech: intj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Attested from mid-20th century, perhaps derived from yoicks, a hunting call used to urge hounds after a fox, which is attested from 1765–1775, that also is sometimes used as an exclamation of excitement or triumph. Yoicks is perhaps related to the earlier hoicks. Hoicks (alternatively hoick, hoic or hoik) is a variant of hyke, which was used as an exclamation of encouragement to hounds hunting deer. Further etymology unknown.
Alternatively, it may be derived from yipes, which is an earlier exclamation of similar usage as yikes (and is often considered to be an alternative form of yikes). Yipes may be derived from yipe, which itself may be derived from the yie sound often used to express pain or dismay, with the -p adding onto it in the same way as yep and nope. Or, yipes may be derived from the yipping sound that dogs make.
Or, possibly a conflation of both of the previous.
Inflected forms:
form: yipes
pos: intj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Expression of shock and alarm.
pos: intj
tags: humorous
informal
often
examples: Yikes! A monster!
Then she told me I was ‘beautiful, for a black girl’. —Yikes!
gloss: Expression of empathy with unpleasant or undesirable circumstances.
pos: intj
tags: humorous
informal
often
examples: John has lost his job and can't pay his mortgage; yikes!
EXACTLY, BLOCKHEAD!! BONK [hitting head] / AGH… / [detective watching behind door] YIKES…DID HE WAKE UP?
Synonyms: wow
Related words: sheesh
yeesh
eek
uh-oh
jeez
Derived words: big yikes
yikes on bikes
Translations:
crofter
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English croft
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English crofter
From croft + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: crofters
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One who has the tenure of a croft, usually also the occupant and user.
pos: noun
examples: c. 1795: Sir John Sinclair
...yet even these sub-divisions are diminished by a still lower order of occupiers (if such they may be deemed) under the name of acre men or crofters. This extraordinary class of cultivators appear to have been quartered upon the tenants after the farms were split down into their smallest size: the crofters being a species of sub-tenants on the farms to which they are respectively attached
The passage is remarkable, as proving that at the end of the eighteenth century the crofters were not only hardly recognized but were at the very bottom of the scale in the rural economy of the Central Highlands.
Many of the crofters on Fair Isle and Shetland know as much about the birds as the birders.
Translations:
fibula
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin fībula (“buckle, clasp, pin”). The bone is so named because the shape it makes with the tibia resembles a clasp, the fibula being the pin.
Inflected forms:
form: fibulae
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fibulas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fibulæ
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
plural
Senses:
gloss: An ancient kind of brooch used to hold clothing together, similar in function to the modern safety pin.
pos: noun
examples: Most of the fibulae have a triangular molding above the notch, which probably contained wound wire. The crossbar is decorated either with a flat knob or with a Persian merlon.
gloss: The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg.
pos: noun
Related words: fibularis
peroneal
Derived words: femur fibula ulna syndrome
fibular
fibulate
fibulectomy
fibulo-
fibul-
tibiofibula
Translations:
Brythonic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Brythonic *Brɨθon
Welsh Brythonbor.
English Brython
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English Brythonic
From Brython + -ic.
Inflected forms:
form: more Brythonic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most Brythonic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of or relating to the Brythonic language subgroup, a set of Celtic languages.
pos: adj
Translations:
Heinz
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: card-games
gambling
games
poker
Etymology: From the H. J. Heinz Company's "57 Varieties" slogan.
Inflected forms:
form: Heinzes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: heinz
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A five and a seven as starting cards in Texas hold 'em
pos: noun
tags: slang
gloss: A full-cover bet of doubles and upwards, consisting of six selections in 57 bets.
pos: noun
tags: UK
slang
Translations:
saltation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
geography
geology
natural-sciences
Etymology: From Latin saltus (“to leap”).
Inflected forms:
form: saltations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A leap, jump or dance.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: still keeping time to the music like Harlequin in a pantomime, he thrust a letter into our hero′s hand, and continued his saltation without pause or intermission.
gloss: The act of jumping, or hopping, using all legs simultaneously (although the contribution to motion is typically made chiefly by the hind legs).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Beating or palpitation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the saltation of the great artery
gloss: A sudden change from one generation to the next; a mutation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Indeed we have always thought that Mr. Darwin has unnecessarily hampered himself by adhering so strictly to his favourite “Natura non facit saltum.” We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise to some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known forms.
gloss: Any abrupt transition.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Thus, a tap that precedes the final one by a tenth of a second will likely appear to be midway between the contactors, whereas a tap preceding the final one by only 20 ms will appear to be virtually superimposed on it. Because the overall experience is of a stimulus jumping from place to place, Geldard called the phenomenon saltation.[…]First, saltation can occur only over a limited distance: A tap on the shoulder will not be drawn toward a later one delivered to the foot.
gloss: The transport of loose particles by a fluid (such as wind or flowing water).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Of extreme importance in the saltation phenomenon is the vertical distribution of particles, as well as total flux, as functions of the wind speed. The formations of all scales of bed formations, from centimeter-size ripples to kilometer-size dunes, are all due to the saltation process.
2004, Basil Gomez, Mobile Bed, entry in Andrew Goudie (editor), Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Volume 2, page 685,
Saltation rapidly becomes the dominant type of motion as the flow intensity increases further, and at still higher flow intensities suspension begins to dominate. […] There is also an important difference between the movement of particles by saltation, in air and in water.
Rolling is thought to account for about 10% of the mass when creep and saltation occur together.[…]The transition from saltation to suspension occurs when the wind speed exceeds about 15 m/s.
Related words: saltate
saltatory
Derived words: saltational
saltationism
saltationist
saltation layer
saltation velocity
Translations:
cripes
Part of speech: intj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Euphemistically for Christ.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: A mild curse or expression of surprise.
pos: intj
tags: euphemistic
Translations:
sliced
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: That has been cut into slices.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: sliced bread
Translations:
saltus
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: mathematics
sciences
Etymology: From Latin saltus (“a leap”). Doublet of salto.
Inflected forms:
form: saltus
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: saltuses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A break of continuity in time.
pos: noun
gloss: A leap from premises to conclusion.
pos: noun
gloss: The difference between the right limit and the left limit of a function at a given point.
pos: noun
Translations:
tights
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: business
dance
dancing
government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
mining
politics
sports
war
wrestling
Etymology: Etymology tree
English tight
Old English -as
Middle English -es
English -s
English tights
From tight + -s.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: A close-fitting, sheer or non-sheer skin-tight garment worn principally by women and girls that covers the body completely from the waist down, usually including the feet.
pos: noun
tags: plural
plural-only
gloss: A similar, non-sheer garment worn by dancers of either sex, especially by ballet dancers.
pos: noun
tags: plural
plural-only
gloss: A garment, similar to briefs, worn chiefly by professional wrestlers.
pos: noun
tags: plural
plural-only
gloss: In blasting rock, a piece of unbroken rock within the pay limit of a blast.
pos: noun
tags: plural
plural-only
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: чорапога́щи
roman: čorapogášti
lang: Bulgarian
word: чорапога́щник
roman: čorapogáštnik
lang: Chinese Cantonese
word: 連褲襪 /连裤袜
roman: lin⁴ fu³ mat⁶
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 連褲襪 /连裤袜
roman: liánkùwà
lang: Czech
word: punčocháče
lang: Danish
word: strømpebukse
lang: Dutch
word: collant
lang: Esperanto
word: kalsonŝtrumpo
lang: Finnish
word: sukkahousut
lang: French
word: collant
lang: German
word: Strumpfhose
lang: Hungarian
word: harisnyanadrág
lang: Hungarian
word: harisnya
lang: Icelandic
word: sokkabuxur
lang: Ido
word: kalzego
lang: Irish
word: riteoga
lang: Italian
word: collant
lang: Japanese
word: パンティストッキング
roman: pantisutokkingu
lang: Japanese
word: タイツ
roman: taitsu
lang: Korean
word: 팬티 스타킹
roman: paenti seutaking
lang: Korean
word: 타이츠
roman: taicheu
lang: Luxembourgish
word: Collant
lang: Macedonian
word: хулахо́пки
roman: hulahópki
lang: Maltese
word: kalzetti
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: strømpebukse
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: strømpebukse
lang: Polish
word: rajstopy
lang: Portuguese
word: meia-calça
lang: Portuguese
word: colãs
lang: Romanian
word: colanți
lang: Romanian
word: dres
lang: Russian
word: колго́тки
roman: kolgótki
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: stocainnean
lang: Spanish
word: panti
lang: Spanish
word: pantimedia
lang: Swedish
word: strumpbyxor
lang: Swedish
word: tajts
lang: Turkish
word: tayt
lang: Ukrainian
word: колго́тки
roman: kolhótky
lang: Welsh
word: teits
zygomorphic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
natural-sciences
Etymology: From zygo- + -morphic.
Base: zygo
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Having bilateral symmetry.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
nucleoplasm
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *knuks
Latin nux
Latin nucleuslbor.
English nucleus
English nucleo-
English plasm
English nucleoplasm
From nucleo- + plasm.
Inflected forms:
form: nucleoplasms
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The protoplasm of a cell nucleus
pos: noun
Translations:
lozenge
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
Etymology: From Middle English losenge, from Old French losenge (“rhombus”), of uncertain origin.
Inflected forms:
form: lozenges
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: losenge
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lossenge
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lozeng
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: loseng
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lozange
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: losange
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: losang
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: losinge
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: losing
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: loosing
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lozange
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lozinge
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: lozenges
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: lozenging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: lozenged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: lozenged
pos: verb
tags: past
form: losenge
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: lossenge
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: lozeng
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: loseng
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: lozange
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: losange
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: losang
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: losinge
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: losing
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: loosing
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: lozange
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: lozinge
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A thin rhombus, having two acute and two obtuse angles.
pos: noun
examples: Wherein the decussis is made within a longilaterall square, with opposite angles, acute and obtuse at the intersection; and so upon progression making a Rhombus or Lozenge figuration [...].
How the junior partner of Hobbs and Dobbs leads her smiling to the carriage with the lozenge upon it, and the fat wheezy coachman!
His sloppy socks were of scarlet wool with lilac lozenges; […]
The floor is constructed from marble lozenges and triangles of every imaginable hue: yellow and pink and all manner of mottled and blotched shades, framed in white.
gloss: A small tablet (originally diamond-shaped) or medicated sweet used to ease a sore throat.
pos: noun
examples: One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.” He at once secured attention by his informal method, and when presently the coughing of Jarvis […] interrupted the sermon, he altogether captivated his audience with a remark about cough lozenges being cheap and easily procurable.
In the same way that Old Europe’s coffeehouses begat insurance companies, he says, today’s political careers beget an unhealthy relationship with throat lozenges.
gloss: To form into the shape of a lozenge.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To mark or emblazon with a lozenge.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Related words: lozengy
Derived words: conversation lozenge
lozenge coach
lozengelike
lozengeways
lozengewise
throat lozenge
Translations:
nights
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English nightes, from Old English nihtes (“at night, by night”), equivalent to night + -s (adverbial genitive suffix). Cognate with Old Frisian nachtes, Old Saxon nahtes, German nachts (all “nights, at night”).
Base: night
Affixes: -s#Etymology 3
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: At night (during night-time, especially on a regular basis).
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: I work nights, my brother only afternoons, and my son days.
Translations:
fess
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
Etymology: Clipping of confess.
Inflected forms:
form: fesses
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: fessing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: fessed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: fessed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: 'fess
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: fesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fesse
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: feese
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To confess; to admit.
pos: verb
gloss: A horizontal band across the middle of the shield.
pos: noun
examples: Lord Robert Walsingham de Vere St. Simon, second son of the Duke of Balmoral—Hum! Arms: Azure, three caltrops in chief over a fess sable.
The space where the arms of Wolsey used to be is being repainted with his own newly granted arms: azure, on a fess between three lions rampant or, a rose gules, barbed vert, between two Cornish choughs proper.
Translations:
constructivism
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: architecture
art
arts
education
human-sciences
mathematics
philosophy
psychology
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English constructive
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mos
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)
Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.
English -ism
English constructivism
From constructive + -ism.
Inflected forms:
form: constructivisms
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A Russian movement in modern art characterized by the creation of nonrepresentational geometric objects using industrial materials.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Constructivism wasn't just Russian state propaganda - its blend of optimism and pragmatism and its emphasis on equality and the collective prefigured key developments in 20th-century art.
Art in the first half of the 20th century was powerfully shaped by Constructivism and Supremicism in the East and by Cubism, Futurism, and Surrealism in the West.
gloss: A style of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Many masterpieces of Soviet constructivism are now crumbling under capitalism, replaced by pastiche architecture or pale replicas of former buildings.
gloss: A philosophy that asserts the need to construct a mathematical object to prove it exists.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: At bottom, constructivism opposes axiomatization as the fundamental idea in mathematics.
gloss: A psychological epistemology which argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from their experiences.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: There is no single theory of constructivism. In fact, there are many shades and varieties of constructivism spanning a range of perspectives. There is also no single individual who can be identified as the founder of constructivism. In fact, rather than tracing a linear development along one line of philosophical thought, constructivism seems to circumscribe a set of thinkers, theories and approaches that spring from a plethora of historical and cultural origins.
According to constructivism, all systems are artificial abstractions. They are not made by nature and presented to use to be discovered, but we construct them by our perceptual and mental capabilities with the domain of our experiences.
Montessori subscribed to constructivism, a theory of education that says students do better if we let them piece together how the world works by moving through it themselves than if we deliver knowledge top-down.
Related words: constructivist
constructionism
Derived words: anticonstructivism
social constructivism
socioconstructivism
Translations:
assailant
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Old French assaillant, from the verb assaillir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“to, towards”) + salīre (“to jump”). Equivalent to assail + -ant.
Base: assail
Affixes: -ant
Inflected forms:
form: assailants
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Someone who attacks or assails another violently, or criminally.
pos: noun
examples: I’ll put myself in poor and mean attire,
And with a kind of umber smirch my face;
The like do you; so shall we pass along,
And never stir assailants.
[…] commonly some of us used to get up a tree to look out for any assailant, or kidnapper, that might come upon us; for they sometimes took those opportunities of our parents absence to attack and carry off as many as they could seize.
[…] just as he leaned over to get the stick, I seized him with both hands by the collar, and, with a vigorous and sudden snatch, I brought my assailant harmlessly, his full length, on the not over clean ground—for we were now in the cow yard.
In the middle of a crowded street a young man would be attacked, stripped, thrashed, and left bleeding on the pavement; in fifteen seconds it was all over and the assailants had disappeared.
In the village of Aqraba, the Sheikh Saadeh Mosque was set on fire before the assailants graffitied the words “price tag” and “revenge” on its walls.
gloss: A hostile critic or opponent.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
figuratively
examples: 1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, London: T. Payne and Son and T. Cadell, Volume 5, Book 9, Chapter 3, p. 41,
[…] the assailants of the quill have their honour as much at heart as the assailants of the sword.
gloss: Assailing; attacking.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: But he though blind of sight, / Despis'd, and thought extinguish'd quite, / With inward eyes illuminated, / His fiery virtue roused / From under ashes into sudden flame, / And as an evening dragon came, / Assailant on the perched roosts / And nests in order ranged / Of tame villatic fowl, but as an eagle / His cloudless thunder bolted on their heads.
Translations:
gules
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
Etymology: From Middle English goules, from Old French geule (“animal’s mouth, throat”) via Middle French geules. Compare with French gueules, Portuguese goelas and Spanish gules.
Inflected forms:
form: gu.
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: g.
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: gu.
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: g.
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Red, e.g. on a coat of arms, typically represented in engraving by vertical parallel lines.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: The official blazon of the arms of Perth is "Gules, a Holy Lambe passant regardant staff and cross argent, with the banner of St. Andrew proper, all within a double tressure counter-flowered of the second": […].
gloss: In blazon, of the colour red.
pos: adj
examples: The symbol of the Red Cross is a cross gules.
Now is he total gules, horridly tricked
You know they still
Call themselves Bulls, though thus degenerate,
And everything relating to a Bull
Is popular and respectable in Thebes.
Their arms are seven Bulls in a field gules;
They think their strength consists in eating beef,—
Translations:
purpure
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
Etymology: From Middle English purpure, from Old English purpure and Old French purpure (“purple”); both from Latin purpura. Doublet of purple and purpura.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: A purple colour on a coat of arms, represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees clockwise.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Many authorities reject the authenticity of purpure as a tincture.
gloss: In blazon, of the colour purple.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
swot
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From a dialectal English word, from Middle English swot, swat, from Old English swāt (“perspiration; sweat”), from Proto-Germanic *swaitą (“sweat”). More at sweat.
Inflected forms:
form: swots
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: swotting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: swotted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: swotted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: swat
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: swots
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: swat
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To study with effort or determination.
pos: verb
tags: Commonwealth
Ireland
UK
intransitive
slang
examples: Are you going to swot at it all the evening?
gloss: One who swots; a boffin, nerd, or smart aleck.
pos: noun
tags: UK
countable
slang
uncountable
examples: He liked Tom all right... Sampson and Bullock he could do without, however. Especially Sampson, who was too much of a grammar-school-type swot ever to be quite the thing.
The popular science bit goes like this. Your brain has two hemispheres, left and right. The left is the organised swot who likes bright light, keeps his bedroom tidy and can tolerate sums. Your right hemisphere is your brain on drugs: the long-haired, creative type you don't bring home to mother.
On first listen, Americans of a certain vintage would call one a Poindexter, while older Brits would regard the other as a swot.
gloss: Work.
pos: noun
tags: UK
countable
slang
uncountable
examples: All I want is — guerre fini, soldat fini; and to go home without burden of any thought save music, and hard swot for a time.
gloss: Vigorous study at an educational institution.
pos: noun
tags: UK
countable
slang
uncountable
Derived words: swotty
Translations:
antihistamine
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts
Proto-Indo-European *-i
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́)
Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-)der.
English anti-
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Ancient Greek ῐ̔στός (hĭstós)bor.
English histo-
English -idine
English hist(idine)
Egyptian jmnbor.
Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓́μμων (Ắmmōn)bor.
Latin Ammōn
Latin ammoniacusder.
English ammonia
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnusder.
Old French -inbor.
Middle English -in
English -ine
English amine
English -amine
English histamine
English antihistamine
From anti- + histamine.
Inflected forms:
form: antihistamines
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A drug or substance that counteracts the effects of a histamine. Commonly used to alleviate the symptoms of hay fever and other allergies.
pos: noun
examples: Perhaps the most striking method of demonstrating the effect of antihistamine substances is to use them to protect guinea-pigs against the action of histamine sprayed into the air from an atomizer.
Translations:
stonewall
Part of speech: verb
adj
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English stonwal, stone wall, stanewalle (“wall made of stone”), from Old English stānweall (“stonewall”), equivalent to stone + wall. The alcoholic drink (sense 3) was perhaps named thus because its effect was as potent as running into a stone wall.
Compound parts: stone
wall
Inflected forms:
form: stonewalls
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: stonewalling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: stonewalled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: stonewalled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To obstruct.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Either the thing to be stonewalled must be itself a bad thing, or it must be stonewalled as the only means of preventing some other wrong being committed; obviously, paying the public creditor was no wrong, and the budget, if wrong, could be effectually obstructed by stonewalling the financial resolutions.
gloss: To refuse to answer or cooperate, especially in supplying information.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
informal
examples: At the press conference, the Prime Minister appeared to be stonewalling when asked about tax increases.
As he becomes defensive or stonewalls in return, she feels frustrated and angry, and so adds contempt to underscore the strength of her frustration. As her husband finds himself the object of his wife's criticism and contempt, he begins to fall into the innocent-victim or righteous-indignation thoughts that more and more easily trigger flooding. To protect himself from flooding, he becomes more and more defensive or simply stonewalls altogether. But when husbands stonewall, remember, it triggers flooding in their wives, who feel completely stymied.
Even so, the rematch was a cliffhanger. It was marked by Kasparov’s increasing anger and frustration at the behaviour of IBM, which stonewalled against his requests for printouts of the machine’s logs of completed games.
Two weeks later, they said they were unable to provide answers and politely passed on the opportunity to talk to me. / It’s unclear why they stonewalled me; maybe the recent lawsuits have executives tight-lipped.
The silence that follows begins to feel awkward. It's one of several moments where Yaccarino stonewalls.
gloss: Certain, definite.
pos: adj
tags: UK
not-comparable
examples: Fortune favoured the fortunate when Martin Atkinson ignored a stonewall penalty.
[Neil] Lennon also pointed to a booking for Niall McGinn for diving as a stonewall penalty to add to his grievances.
Derived words: stonewaller
stonewalling
Translations:
eugenic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Hellenic *ehu-
Ancient Greek ἐΰς (eǘs)
Ancient Greek εὖ (eû)der.
English eu-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os
Proto-Hellenic *génos
Ancient Greek γένος (génos)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs)lbor.
French -gènebor.
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English -genic
English eugenic
From eu- + -genic.
Inflected forms:
form: more eugenic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most eugenic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of or relating to eugenics.
pos: adj
examples: In making his point, Thomas dedicated more than a dozen pages on the history of the eugenics movement to explain why “the use of abortion to achieve eugenic goals is not merely hypothetical.”
[Alan] Dershowitz, who as a Harvard Law professor regularly attended lunches [Jeffrey] Epstein hosted for the scientists, told the Times he was “appalled” to learn about Epstein's eugenic ambitions, but their friendship continued.
gloss: Relating or adapting to production of strong or effective offspring.
pos: adj
Derived words: antieugenic
eugenically
eugenicism
eugenicist
eugenicize
eugenist
neo-eugenic
noneugenic
Translations:
joshi
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: Ellipsis of 女子プロレス (joshi puroresu), itself a compound of 女子 (joshi, “woman”) + プロレス (puroresu, “professional wrestling”).
Compound parts: 女子
プロレス
Inflected forms:
form: joshis
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Japanese women's professional wrestling
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: [Naoko] Sato and [Makiko] Ueda were young and attractive, unlike some of the burlier, older women who had dominated the sport in Japan up to that point. They introduced youth and sex appeal to joshi wrestling and quickly became a pop culture sensation.
gloss: Japanese women's professional wrestling
pos: noun
tags: broadly
uncountable
examples: Whether they are called joshis, luchadoras, or lady grapplers, one can find female wrestlers in every part of the world.
Translations:
counterpoint
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English [Term?], from Middle French contrepoint, from Medieval Latin contrāpūnctum. Equivalent to counter- + point.
Base: point
Affixes: counter-
Inflected forms:
form: counterpoints
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: counterpoints
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: counterpointing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: counterpointed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: counterpointed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A melody added to an existing one, especially one added to provide harmony whilst each retains its simultaneous identity; a composition consisting of such contrapuntal melodies.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: I noticed […] that when a very cheesy synthesized violin sound plays in counterpoint with a real violin, it can quite convincingly seem as if two violins are playing.
gloss: Any similar contrasting element in a work of art.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: As counterpoints to the glamorous looks of 1980s models such as Chistie Brinkley and Heidi Klum, heroin chic looks such as Kate Moss were thin to the point of anorectic gauntness.
gloss: An opposite point.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: […] Priests; who affecting in them selves and their followers a certein Angelical puritie, fell sodainly to the very counterpoint of justifying bestialitie.
gloss: To compose or arrange such music.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To serve as an opposing point against.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: […] the dominant discourse on theory and method in the study of religions remains stuck on the debate about reductionism, which is in turn bent on representing the debate about theory and method in the study of religions as a choice between an unscientific phenomenology or an unsympathetic positivism (for phenomenology the idea that explanation is always 'bad' is perfectly counterpointed by the idea that religion is always 'good').
Synonyms: contrapuntal music
polyphony
Translations:
eurythmics
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: eurhythmics
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A rhythmic interpretation of music with graceful, freestyle dance movements.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Translations:
eurythmy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: From Ancient Greek εὐρυθμία (euruthmía, “rhythmical order”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + ῥυθμός (rhuthmós, “symmetry”).
Inflected forms:
form: eurythmies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: eurhythmy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The harmony of features and proportion in architecture.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Graceful body movements to the rhythm of spoken words and music.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: For three weeks Lorde engages in a regime of rest, relaxation, eurhythmy, and active meditation.
gloss: Healthy, normal beating of the pulse; eurhythmia.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
evanesce
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: From Latin evanescere (“to vanish”). Doublet of vanish.
Inflected forms:
form: evanesces
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: evanescing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: evanesced
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: evanesced
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To disappear into a mist or dissipate in vapor
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: All his cares evanesced.
gloss: To transition from the solid state to gaseous state without ever becoming a liquid
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Related words: evanescent
evanescently
evanescence
effervesce
Translations:
e-zine
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From e- + zine.
Base: zine
Affixes: e-
Inflected forms:
form: e-zines
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A magazine published in electronic form, especially on the World Wide Web.
pos: noun
examples: After reading the submission guidelines for various e-zines and print markets, I've found a wide variety of "rights" listed.
Translations:
songwriter
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
Etymology: From song + writer.
Compound parts: song
writer
Inflected forms:
form: songwriters
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A musician who composes songs; especially writing the song's lyrics and/or creating a melody or a tune for the song.
pos: noun
examples: We are now collaborating with a famous songwriter.
Translations:
evasion
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French évasion, from Late Latin evasionem (accusative of evasio).
Inflected forms:
form: evasions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of eluding or evading or avoiding, particularly the pressure of an argument, accusation, charge, or interrogation; artful means of eluding.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: In these hunting scenes, as many critics have noted, the reversals, negotiations, lurkings, and evasions between hunter and prey mirror and frame the bedroom strategies of the Lady and Gawain.
He complained to LNER but was told: "We have had an increase in fare evasion on certain services which has led to our locking toilet facilities where (people) usually hide to avoid payment. Although Aberdeen is a gated station, customers often purchase the cheapest ticket available and board our services."
Translations:
philomath
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: First indubitably attested ante 1643 (perhaps antedated to 1611); from the Ancient Greek φιλομαθής (philomathḗs, “fond of learning”), from φίλος (phílos, “loving”) + μάθη (máthē, “learning”), from μανθάνω (manthánō, “learn”); compare opsimath, philomathematic, and polymath.
Inflected forms:
form: philomaths
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A lover of learning; a scholar.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
examples: For this (in my humble opinion, not very important purpose, and fitter to employ the talent of a philomath than a Newton) he and Leibnitz, much about the same, struck out a fluxional method, which they both took for a demonstration.
Jerman for twenty years past had been the author of a Quaker almanac, and had for about the same time been engaged in a fierce almanac warfare with Jacob Taylor, a philomath and a printer of Friends’ books.
gloss: An astrologer or predictor.
pos: noun
examples: "The success of an almanac depended upon the appeal of the "philomath"-the resident astrologer who did the writing and predicting."
Translations:
hapless
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From about 1400, from hap (“luck”) + -less.
Base: hap
Affixes: -less
Inflected forms:
form: more hapless
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most hapless
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Especially of a person, unfortunate.
pos: adj
gloss: Very unlucky; ill-fated.
pos: adj
examples: Thus spoke my prophetic soul, as, torn by remorse, horror, and despair, I beheld those I loved spend vain sorrow upon the graves of William and Justine, the first hapless victims to my unhallowed arts.
Miss Phyllis Morgan, as the hapless heroine dressed in the shabbiest of clothes, appears in the midst of a gay and giddy throng; she apostrophises all and sundry there, including the villain, and has a magnificent scene which always brings down the house, and nightly adds to her histrionic laurels.
My dear friend, are you to become that hapless kind of outcast, a champion of lost causes?
I can only apologize on behalf of us all, and hope that in spite of chronological errors, you will continue to enjoy the mix of corporate zombies and hapless heroes that make Resident Evil so much fun.
The hapless squad, which was outscored 517-268 in 2008, became the first in league history to go 0-16.
Among the most captivating scenes from the initial Los Angeles protests were the scorched Waymo cars, lined up in a row and engulfed in heavy black smoke. Some observers believe the cars were targeted because of their association with Big Tech. Others view the Waymos as hapless victims, because they have no one behind the wheel and easily become paralyzed if an object is placed in their path.
gloss: Very miserable, wretched, unhappy, measly, forlorn.
pos: adj
gloss: Devoid of talent or skill.
pos: adj
examples: Gideon Defoe scripted from his own series-launching comedic book The Pirates! In An Adventure With Scientists, about the adventures of a hapless group of pirates known only by names like The Pirate With The Scarf, The Pirate With Gout, and in the case of their leader, The Pirate Captain.
Related words: happen
happy
Derived words: haplessly
haplessness
Translations: