yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
agaric
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-der.
Ancient Greek Ἁγαρία (Hagaría)
Ancient Greek ἀγαρικόν (agarikón)der.
Latin agaricumlbor.
English agaric
From Latin agaricum, from Ancient Greek ἀγαρικόν (agarikón, “a tree fungus (Phellinus pomaceus”)), from the country of Agaria, in Sarmatia.
Inflected forms:
form: agarics
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: agarick
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Any of various fungi, principally of the order Agaricales, having fruiting bodies consisting of umbrella-like caps, on stalks, with numerous gills beneath.
pos: noun
examples: […] these [commentators] were slight excrescences, mushrooms, champignons, that perished as the smoke of the dunghil evaporated, which reared them. A modern editor of Shakespeare is, on the contrary, a fungus attached to an oak; a male agaric of the most astringent kind, that, while it disfigures its form, may last for ages to disgrace the parent of its being.
Nobody cares for planting the poor fungus: so she shakes down from the gills of one agaric countless spores, any one of which, being preserved, transmits new billions of spores to-morrow or next day.
1872, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Idylls of the King, “Gareth and Lynette” in Gareth and Lynette, Etc. London: Strahan & Co., p. 47,
She thereat, as one / That smells a foul-flesh’d agaric in the holt, / And deems it carrion of some woodland thing, / Or shrew, or weasel, nipt her slender nose / With petulant thumb and finger,
[…] I came to / Under a rainy ridge, in a goblin clump / Of agaric.
gloss: A dried fruiting body of a fungus formerly used in medicine (now Laricifomes officinalis, formerly Fomitopsis officinalis, Fomes officinalis, Polyporus officinalis).
pos: noun
examples: Agarick to purge his flegme, lest he be too drowsie
Related words: Agaricia
Agaricus
agarwood
Derived words: agaric acid
agaric gnat
agaricic
agariciform
agaricin
agariclike
agaric mineral
agaricoid
agaricology
agarin
Caesar's agaric
euagaric
fairy ring agaric
larch agaric
Translations:
agrochemical
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros
Proto-Italic *agros
Latin agerder.
English agro-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)
Ancient Greek χῠ́μᾰ (khŭ́mă)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ία (-ía)
Ancient Greek χυμείᾱ (khumeíā)bor.
Arabic الْكِيمِيَاء (al-kīmiyāʔ)bor.
Medieval Latin alchēmia
▲
Ancient Greek χυμείᾱ (khumeíā)influ.
New Latin chēmia
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icus
New Latin chēmicus
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
▲
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
▲
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English chemical
English agrochemical
From agro- + chemical.
Inflected forms:
form: agrochemicals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A chemical compound, such as a hormone, fungicide, or insecticide, that improves the production of crops.
pos: noun
examples: Villagers use the nematicides Furadan and Mocap mostly in banana cultivation, whereas Basudin and Sevin are the most frequently used agrochemicals applied exclusively on nonbanana crops.
A review of Syngenta’s strategy shows that Dr. Cresswell’s experience fits in with practices used by American competitors like Monsanto and across the agrochemical industry.
gloss: A compound or product derived from farmed plants.
pos: noun
gloss: Relating to agrochemistry.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Synonyms: agrichemical
Related words: agribusiness
agrobusiness
agriscience
agroscience
agritechnology
agrotechnology
biochemical
Translations:
anaerobic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Hellenic *ə-
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓- (ă-)
Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér
Proto-Hellenic *auhḗr
Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr)
Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der.
Ancient Greek βῐ́ος (bĭ́os)
French anaérobie
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English anaerobic
From French anaérobie, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “not”) + ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”) + βίος (bíos, “life”) + -ic. By surface analysis, an- + aerobic.
Affixes: -ic
Inflected forms:
form: anaërobic
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: anerobic
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Without oxygen; especially of an environment or organism.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of exercise, involving glycolysis (the conversion of glucose to adenosine triphosphate) rather than using oxygen to supply bodily energy needs.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of or relating to an anaerobe.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Antonyms: aerobic
Derived words: anaerobically
anaerobicidal
anaerobicide
anaerobicity
semianaerobic
thermoanaerobic
Translations:
anemometer
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: climatology
meteorology
natural-sciences
Etymology: From anemo- + -meter.
Base: anemo
Inflected forms:
form: anemometers
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: anemometre
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An instrument for measuring and recording the speed of the wind, a windmeter.
pos: noun
examples: An anemometer constructed by the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Western Region, British Railways, has been installed at Dawlish Warren, near Exeter, to obtain a record of the velocity (speed and direction) of the wind. This information is used for the study of the effects of wind erosion on the sand dunes which protect the railway from the sea at that point.
This anemometer was installed by the North Eastern Railway on Staithes Viaduct in 1884, to warn signallers of dangerously high winds.
Translations:
antipodes
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀντίποδες (antípodes), from ἀντί (antí, “opposite”) + πόδες (pódes), plural of πούς (poús, “foot”).
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: The place on the diametrically opposite side of the earth from a given point.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: We should hold day with the Antipodes,
If you would walk in absence of the sun.
gloss: The Southern Hemisphere.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: […]a delighted shout from the children swung him toward the door again. His sister, Mrs. Gerard, stood there in carriage gown and sables, radiant with surprise. ¶ "Phil! You! Exactly like you, Philip, to come strolling in from the antipodes—dear fellow!" recovering from the fraternal embrace and holding both lapels of his coat in her gloved hands.
gloss: Australia and New Zealand.
pos: noun
tags: UK
archaic
uncountable
gloss: The opposite of something.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
figuratively
uncountable
examples: The sleepy yet shrewd judge was the antipodes to confidence, but to Don Manuel he felt no hesitation in frankly stating his actions and their motives, from his first arrival in Spain to the present time.
The loud, rapid, eager tones, the incessant motion, the intense vital activity manifested in speech and action, are the very antipodes of the quiet, unimpulsive, unanimated Malay.
Derived words: at antipodes
antipodean
Translations:
lang: Polish
word: antypody
anthem
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English anteme, from Old English antefn, antefen and Old French antiene, anteine, anteivne, from Latin antiphōna, from Ancient Greek ἀντίφωνα (antíphōna), from ἀντί (antí, “over against”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice, sound”). Doublet of antiphon.
Inflected forms:
form: anthems
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: anthems
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: antheming
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: anthemed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: anthemed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Antiphon.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
gloss: A choral or vocal composition, often with a religious or political lyric.
pos: noun
examples: The school's anthem sang of its many outstanding qualities, and it was hard to keep a straight face while singing.
gloss: A hymn of praise or loyalty.
pos: noun
examples: The choir sang a selection of Christmas anthems at the service just before the big day.
gloss: A very popular song or track.
pos: noun
tags: informal
examples: In May 2000, they even finally cracked the UK top ten when they teamed up with Paul Van Dyk on the trance anthem "The Riddle"...
gloss: To celebrate with anthems.
pos: verb
tags: poetic
transitive
examples: [T]hou shalt hear / Distant harvest-carols clear; / Rustle of the reaped corn; / Sweet birds antheming the morn: [...]
Derived words: anthemic
anthemless
anthemlike
anthemwise
apartheid anthem
flag anthem
national anthem
Translations:
antiphon
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From French antiphone or Medieval Latin antiphōna, from Ancient Greek ἀντίφωνα (antíphōna, “responses, musical accords”), neuter plural substantive of ἀντίφωνος (antíphōnos, “concordant”) from ἀντί (antí, “in return”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”). Doublet of anthem.
Inflected forms:
form: antiphons
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A devotional chant; a piece of music sung responsively.
pos: noun
examples: Father Vaillant came back in his vestments, with his pyx and basin of holy water, and began sprinkling the bed and the watchers, repeating the antiphon, Asperges me, Domine, hyssopo, et mundabor.
gloss: A response or reply.
pos: noun
examples: The Clown […] says: ‘And so we wept; and there was the first gentleman-like tears that ever we shed’; to which his father, the Shepherd, adds the comfortable antiphon, ‘We may live, son, to shed many more.’
Derived words: antiphonal
antiphonary
antiphone
antiphoner
antiphonic
antiphonical
antiphony
O Antiphon
Translations:
asthma
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English asma, asme, from Medieval Latin asthma, asma, from Ancient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma, “laborious breathing, asthma”). The spelling was changed to add -th- in the 16th century to match the Greek etymological roots.
Inflected forms:
form: asthmas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: asthmata
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A long-term respiratory condition, in which the airways may unexpectedly and suddenly narrow, often in response to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: ...but rheumatism is a vulgar complaint, and would sink even a ducal coronet—the very lowest people have it. I question if there is a workhouse in Great Britain exempt from it. Neither is there one free from asthma, and yet all the world knows a royal duke suffers from it as much as a coalheaver might do;...
"He kind of spat," said Piggy. "My auntie wouldn't let me blow on account of my asthma. He said you blew from down here." Piggy laid a hand on his jutting abdomen.
Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.
Twiggs was in a wheelchair during her appearance and suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and diabetes, according to her sister, Anna Twiggs.
Translations:
asphyxia
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: Learned borrowing from New Latin asphyxia, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀσφυξία (asphuxía, “stopping of the pulse”).
Inflected forms:
form: asphyxias
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Loss of consciousness due to the interruption of breathing and consequent anoxia.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Asphyxia may result from choking, drowning, electric shock, or injury.
The mattress platform on Davey’s bed fell unexpectedly, “trapping her neck against the upper surface of the side panel of the bed’s base,” Chipperfield explained. “Unable to free herself, she died of positional asphyxia. One of the two gas-lift pistons was defective.”
gloss: Loss of consciousness due to the body's inability to deliver oxygen to its tissues, either by the breathing of air lacking oxygen or by the inability of the blood to carry oxygen.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A condition in which an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body leads to loss of consciousness or death. Replaced in the mid-20th century by the more specific terms anoxia, hypoxia, hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
examples: Hypoxaemia [...is] a deficient oxygenation of the blood; asphyxia from defective oxygenation of the blood.
Related words: asphyxy
anoxemia
anoxia
hypercapnia
hypoxemia
hypoxia
suffocation
Derived words: acroasphyxia
asphyxial
asphyxiant
asphyxiate
asphyxiation
asphyxic
asphyxiophilia
autoasphyxia
positional asphyxia
postural asphyxia
Translations:
asparagus
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Medieval Latin asparagus, sparagus, from Ancient Greek ἀσπάραγος (aspáragos), variant of ἀσφάραγος (aspháragos). Displaced Old English eorþnafola. Later became an eggcorn in dialect as sparrowgrass.
Inflected forms:
form: asparagus
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: asparaguses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: asparagusses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: asparagi
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any of various perennial plants of the genus Asparagus having leaflike stems, scalelike leaves, and small flowers.
pos: noun
gloss: The young shoots of Asparagus officinalis eaten as a vegetable.
pos: noun
examples: At the greenmarket, it’s still mostly potatoes and apples. There are no tender greens, fava beans, peas, asparagus, artichokes, sorrel, rhubarb or early strawberries.
Those harbingers of the season are said to be full of chi, or qi, the Chinese word for life force. We’re craving them as we’re craving lighter, brighter-tasting meals, food that is greener and fresher.
gloss: A green colour, like that of an asparagus.
pos: noun
Derived words: asparagine
asparagus bean
asparagus bed
asparagus beetle
asparagus fern
asparagus lettuce
asparagus-like
asparagus pea
asparagus peas
asparagus roll
asparagus root
aspartate
aspartic acid
poor man's asparagus
sea asparagus
sprue asparagus
wild asparagus
Translations:
arithmetic
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-éyti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey-der.
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρῐθμός (ărĭthmós)
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Ancient Greek -έω (-éō)
Ancient Greek ἀριθμέω (arithméō)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Ancient Greek -τις (-tis)
Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Ancient Greek -κός (-kós)
?
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Hellenic *-tós
Ancient Greek -τος (-tos)
▲
Ancient Greek -κός (-kós)
?
Ancient Greek -τικός (-tikós)
Ancient Greek ἀριθμητῐκός (arithmētĭkós)
Ancient Greek ἀριθμητῐκή (arithmētĭkḗ)bor.
Latin arithmēticabor.
▲
Ancient Greek ἀριθμητῐκός (arithmētĭkós)bor.
Latin arithmēticusbor.
Old French arismetiquebor.
Middle English arsmetike
English arithmetic
From Middle English arsmetike, from Old French arismetique, from Latin arithmētica, from Ancient Greek ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) (arithmētikḗ (tékhnē), “(art of) counting”), feminine of ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós, “arithmetical”), from ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, form of *h₂rey- (“to count, reason”). Used in English since 13th century.
Inflected forms:
form: arithmetics
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: arsmetrike
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: arsmetryke
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: arithmetike
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: arsmetrike
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: arsmetryke
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: arithmetike
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Note that all correctly rounding arithmetics satisfy property A1, as do those with properly truncating addition. All faithful binary arithmetics and all arithmetics with either properly truncating or correctly chopping addition satisfy property A2.
[The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.[…]Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, and that in several cases these bacteria were dividing and thus, by the perverse arithmetic of biological terminology, multiplying.
gloss: Number theory.
pos: noun
tags: dated
uncountable
usually
gloss: Increasing or decreasing by an arithmetic progression.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Near-synonym: linear
Growth in the most mature markets is likely to be arithmetic; on what rational basis could one hope for exponential growth there?
Translations:
aphrodisiac
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀφροδισιακός (aphrodisiakós, “venereal”), from Ἀφροδίσιος (Aphrodísios, “pertaining to Aphrodite”).
Inflected forms:
form: aphrodisiacs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Arousing or intensifying sexual desire.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Cognac, with the addition of a little paprika and the yolk of an egg, is considered an effective aphrodisiac aid.
Throughout recorded history, people have searched for the perfect herb, drug, or food to increase sexual desire, arousal, and performance. In their quest, they've amassed an exhaustive list of substances that purportedly have aphrodisiac properties.
gloss: Something, generally a food or drug, having such an effect.
pos: noun
examples: Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac.
This brother told me a secret on how to get more chicks / Put a little Medina in your glass, and the girls'll come real quick / It's better than any alcohol or aphrodisiac
Antonyms: antaphrodisiac. anti-aphrodisiac
Translations:
actinic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: arts
chemistry
hobbies
lifestyle
medicine
natural-sciences
photography
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν- (aktís, aktîn-, “ray”) + -ic.
Affixes: -ic
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Related to radiation; used most often in reference to light, especially in the ultraviolet range.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Harsh and bright, especially blindingly so.
pos: adj
tags: broadly
not-comparable
examples: He bounded over cresting waves that shone in the actinic glare.
And what actinic, mind-wrenching form could the countermeme take? How could human hands assemble something so devastatingly powerful and hold it steady; what human mind could wield it without exploding from the inside out?
gloss: Caused by extensive exposure to ultraviolet light.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: In medicine, actinic keratoses usually occur in sundamaged skin and exhibit hyperkeratosis.
gloss: Of or relating to actinism, the range of photochemical effects produced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, particularly sunlight.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: It should be borne in mind that the actinic power of the sun is subject to considerable variations, due to its elevation above the horizon.
I got my picture, and it turned out quite a good one, despite the rather poor light which at that time of day, 7 p.m., was lacking in actinic value.
gloss: Composed of actin.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Derived words: actinically
actinic flux
actinize
diactinic
inactinic
isoactinic
nonactinic
photoactinic
unactinic
Translations:
acromegaly
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: From French acromégalie, from New Latin acromegalia, from Ancient Greek ἄκρον (ákron, “tip, extremity”) and μέγας (mégas, “large”). By surface analysis, acro- + -megaly.
Inflected forms:
form: acromegalies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.
pos: noun
examples: Tania is a fever, too—les voies urinaires, Café de la Liberté, Place des Vosges, bright neckties on the Boulevard Montpamasse, dark bathrooms, Porto Sec, Abdullah cigarettes, the adagio sonata Pathétique, aural amplificators, anecdotal seances, burnt sienna breasts, heavy garters, what time is it, golden pheasants stuffed with chestnuts, taffeta fingers, vaporish twilights turning to ilex, acromegaly, cancer and delirium, warm veils, poker chips, carpets of blood and soft thighs.
Translations:
revitalize
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
English vital
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.
Late Latin -izōder.
Middle French -iserbor.
Middle English -isen
English -ize
English revitalize
From re- + vital + -ize.
Inflected forms:
form: revitalizes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: revitalizing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: revitalized
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: revitalized
pos: verb
tags: past
form: revitalise
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: American and Oxford British English standard spelling of revitalise.
pos: verb
examples: Cumaratunga was so furious that he intensified his campaign for revitalizing the traditional practices of asweddumization, so that neglected arable land could be rehabilitated, and a degenerating economy restructured and rejuvenated.
Also, the city government’s Department of Urban Development proposed various redevelopment projects that showed concern for the preservation of traditional landscape and historical architecture. For example, two old and historically significant districts of Taipei city (Tihua Street and the Tatung District) are expected to be economically revitalized and to attract cultural tourism.
The right rallying call is for a “Green New Deal.” The New Deal was not built on a magic bullet, but on a broad range of programs and industrial projects to revitalize America. Ditto for an energy New Deal.
In 1975, China was emerging from the Cultural Revolution, its government’s effort to purify and revitalize society. Communist officials had set up indoctrination programs, broadcast propaganda over omnipresent loudspeakers, and sought to stamp out any evidence of China’s ancient history.
The presence of these languages and their speakers continually revitalizes the profound social experiment that is America. We can and should learn how to communicate with them.
Translations:
polka
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Via French and German from Czech polka, variant of půlka (“half”) as in "half-step"; see půl (“half”).
Inflected forms:
form: polkas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: polkas
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: polkaing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: polkaed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: polkaed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A lively dance originating in Bohemia.
pos: noun
gloss: The music for this dance.
pos: noun
gloss: A polka jacket.
pos: noun
examples: a young lady in a grey polka
gloss: To dance the polka.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Derived words: horizontal polka
polkabilly
polka dot
polkalike
polka-like
polkamania
polka-mazurka
polkist
Translations:
pirozhki
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Russian пирожки́ (pirožkí), plural of пирожо́к (pirožók), which is in turn a diminutive of пиро́г (piróg, “pie”). (In Russian Mennonite communities, borrowed first into Plautdietsch in Russia and Ukraine, and then taken from Plautdietsch into English in the US.) Doublet of pyrizhky and perieschkje.
Inflected forms:
form: pirozhki
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: pirozhkis
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: pirozhki
pos: noun
tags: singular
form: pirozhok
pos: noun
tags: singular
form: peroshki
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: peroshky
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: piroschki
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: piroshki
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: piroshky
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: pirozhky
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: pyrizhky
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: perieschkje
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Small pastries filled with finely chopped meat, vegetables or fruit baked or fried, from eastern European cuisine, or a serving of these.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Nica handed Mark a pirazhok.
Maybe from the extra excitement, maybe because the pirozhki really were delicious, she swallowed them both immediately.
I have found that, at every reception or cocktail party given at our embassy, pirozhki is a favourite, second only to our Russian caviar and vodka.
In the morning the people wished Yefim good-speed; they loaded him with pirozhki for his journey, and they went to their work: and Yefim started on his way.
gloss: A single such pastry.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: pierogi
Translations:
mazurka
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
Etymology: Via German Mazurka and Russian мазу́рка (mazúrka), from Polish mazurek (“dance of the Masurian”), the Masurians being the inhabitants of Mazowsze (compare Medieval Latin Mazovia), an ancient cultural region in east-central Poland.
Inflected forms:
form: mazurkas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: mazourka
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A traditional Polish folk dance in triple time, usually moderately fast, containing a heavy accent on the third beat and occasionally the second beat.
pos: noun
examples: There is plenty of company, consisting of young men and women, all very neatly dressed in white and black - a true Portuguese habit. Quadrilles, waltzes, polkas, and mazurkas are danced with great vigour and much skill.
gloss: A classical musical composition inspired by the folk dance and conforming in some respects to its form, particularly as popularized by Chopin.
pos: noun
gloss: A figure skating move that combines elements of the toe loop and bunny-hop.
pos: noun
Derived words: mazurkalike
mazurkist
polka-mazurka
Translations:
lang: Armenian
word: մազուրկա
roman: mazurka
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 瑪祖卡 /玛祖卡
roman: mǎzǔkǎ
lang: Czech
word: mazurka
lang: Esperanto
word: mazurko
lang: Finnish
word: masurkka
lang: French
word: mazurka
lang: French
word: mazurque
lang: German
word: Mazurka
lang: Italian
word: mazurca
lang: Japanese
word: マズルカ
roman: mazuruka
lang: Korean
word: 마주르카
roman: majureuka
lang: Polish
word: mazurek
lang: Russian
word: мазу́рка
roman: mazúrka
lang: Spanish
word: mazurca
lang: Tagalog
word: masurka
kielbasa
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Polish kiełbasa (“sausage”), from Proto-Slavic *kъlbasa, which may derive from Proto-Turkic for "grilled cutlet," literally "pressed on ashes," from *kül (“ash”) + *bas (“to press”) (modern Turkish basmak). See the Ukrainian cognate ковбаса́ (kovbasá, “sausage”), whence kubasa, for more information.
Inflected forms:
form: kielbasas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: kielbasy
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: kielbasy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
uncommon
form: kolbasa
pos: noun
tags: alternative
uncommon
form: kolbassa
pos: noun
tags: alternative
uncommon
form: kulbasa
pos: noun
tags: alternative
uncommon
form: kielbassi
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
form: kolbasi
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
form: kolbassi
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
form: kolbasy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
form: kiełbasa
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A spicy, smoked sausage of a particular kind from Eastern Europe.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Congressmen gleefully wolfed down every imaginable version of the hot dog – smoked kielbasas, jumbo grillers, Big & Juicy's, kosher dogs and spiced dogs […]
Heritage Foods now offers linguiça from the sausage maker the Mayor, in Richmond, Va. The signature Portuguese sausage harbors the paprika spice of chorizo but with the fire dampened, and a finer texture, but it brings on the garlic like kielbasa.
gloss: Penis.
pos: noun
tags: countable
slang
uncountable
examples: Eric Andre: Do you think God's got a cooter or a big-ass kielbasa?
Quincy: He's got it all.
Eric Andre: That's gross.
Maybe before I die they'll have some sort of mechanical cock and balls because all of the steroids that I used, ^([sic]) put my apricots and kielbasa out of commission.
Translations:
babka
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From a Slavic language likely via Yiddish באַבקע (babke). Compare baba (“rum soaked cake”).
Inflected forms:
form: babkas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins; or with some single flavoring, e.g. chocolate, lemon, etc.
pos: noun
examples: A couple of weeks ago, my family and I also travelled an hour or so to sample the babkas and honey croissants at Farro bakery in Bristol.
Translations:
iambic
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonology
prosody
sciences
Etymology: From Middle French iambique, from Late Latin ïambicus, from Ancient Greek ἰαμβικός (iambikós), from ἴαμβος (íambos) + -ικός (-ikós).
Inflected forms:
form: more iambic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most iambic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: ïambic
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: iambical
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: iambick
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: jambic
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: iambics
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: ïambic
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: iambical
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: iambick
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: jambic
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Consisting of iambs (metrical feet with an unstressed–stressed pattern) or characterized by their predominance.
pos: adj
examples: [J]ust before the rhythm becomes iambic, there will be a point reached at which the rhythm can hardly be said to be more iambic than it is trochaic.
gloss: An iamb; a line or group of lines of iambs.
pos: noun
Antonyms: trochaic
Translations:
iridescent
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Coined around 1800, from Latin iris, iridis (“rainbow”) + -escent.
Base: iris
Affixes: -escent
Inflected forms:
form: more iridescent
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most iridescent
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors; prismatic.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: iridescent appearance
iridescent glaze
iridescent glow
gloss: Brilliant, lustrous, or colorful.
pos: adj
examples: iridescent sheen
Related words: luminescent
fluorescent
Derived words: iridesce
iridescence
iridescent cloud
iridescently
iridescent shark
iridescent ware
noniridescent
uniridescent
Translations:
isometric
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: exercise
hobbies
lifestyle
medicine
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
physiology
sciences
sports
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”) + Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). See also: iso- + -metric.
Inflected forms:
form: more isometric
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most isometric
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: isometrical
pos: adj
tags: alternative
dated
form: isometrics
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: isometrical
pos: noun
tags: alternative
dated
Senses:
gloss: Of or exhibiting equality in dimensions.
pos: adj
gloss: Being or relating to a geometric system of three equal axes lying at right angles to each other (especially in crystallography).
pos: adj
gloss: Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same.
pos: adj
gloss: Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same.
pos: adj
examples: isometric exercise
isometric sets
One of the most effective isometric exercises for the deskbound is to sit up quite straight and tighten the large muscles of the buttocks, holding for a count of eight, then release.
gloss: Taking place at constant volume because of being confined by rigid boundaries.
pos: adj
gloss: A line connecting isometric points.
pos: noun
Derived words: anisometric
isometrically
isometric contraction
isometric perspective
isometric projection
isometrics
isometric space
nonisometric
postisometric
quasiisometric
unisometric
Translations:
lang: Catalan
word: isomètric
lang: Finnish
word: isometrinen
lang: French
word: isométrique
lang: Hungarian
word: izometrikus
lang: Italian
word: isometrico
lang: Norwegian
word: isometrisk
lang: Polish
word: izometryczny
lang: Russian
word: изометрический
roman: izometričeskij
isthmus
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: anatomy
biology
botany
geography
graph-theory
mathematics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Borrowing from Latin isthmus (“a strip of land between two seas”), from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (ĭsthmós, “neck, narrow passage”), possibly from εἶμῐ (eîmĭ, “to go”). Cognate to Old Norse eið (“isthmus”).
Inflected forms:
form: isthmuses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: isthmi
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, and connecting two larger landmasses.
pos: noun
gloss: Any such narrow part connecting two larger structures.
pos: noun
gloss: An edge in a graph whose deletion increases the number of connected components of the graph.
pos: noun
Derived words: isthmectomy
isthmian
isthmic
isthmitis
isthmoid
isthmo-
isthm-
isthmusectomy
Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl
Isthmus Nahuatl
isthmus of fauces
Isthmus of Perekop
Isthmus of Suez
Isthmus Zapotec
Translations:
kerygma
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Ancient Greek κήρυγμα (kḗrugma, “proclamation, preaching”), from κηρύσσω (kērússō, “I proclaim, preach”), from κῆρυξ (kêrux, “herald”).
Inflected forms:
form: kerygmas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: kerygmata
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: kerugma
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The Apostolic proclamation of religious truths; the core teachings of Christianity taught by the early Church.
pos: noun
Translations:
lymphoma
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
oncology
pathology
sciences
Etymology: From lymph, from Latin lympha (“water”) + -oma (“disease, morbidity”).
Affixes: -oma
Inflected forms:
form: lymphomata
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: lymphomas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A malignant tumor that arises in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: In the one sub-class, we have the Leukaemic Lymphoma, the Typhous Lymphoma, the Hyperplastic Lymphoma (ex. the simple hypertrophied tonsil), Lympho-sarcoma, Scrofulous Glands; and in the other sub-class, Tubercle of man, and Perlsucht or Parresyge, or Morbus Gallicus, the pearl distemper of ruminating animals.
Common immunohistochemical markers of this lymphoma include CD2, CD56, CD3, and T-cell receptors. 7 Typically, the histology of these lymphomas are characterized by monomorphic inflammatory cellular infiltrates, which may be diffuse or show angiocentricity and angiodestruction as well as tissue destruction. 7 Lymphoid markers from the nasal mucosal biopsy from this patient were negative for CD56 and EBER.
Translations:
lyric
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
poetry
publishing
writing
Etymology: From French lyrique, or its source, Latin lyricus, from Ancient Greek λυρικός (lurikós), from λύρα (lúra, “lyre”). Its English equivalent would be lyre + -ic.
The original Greek sense of "lyric poetry"—"poetry accompanied by the lyre" i.e. "words set to music"—eventually led to its use as "lyrics", first attested in Stainer and Barrett's 1876 Dictionary of Musical Terms. Stainer and Barrett used the word as a singular substantive: "Lyric, poetry or blank verse intended to be set to music and sung". By the 1930s, the present use of the plurale tantum "lyrics" had begun; it has been standard since the 1950s for many writers. The singular form "lyric" is still used to mean the complete words to a song by authorities such as Alec Wilder, Robert Gottlieb, and Stephen Sondheim. However, the singular form is also commonly used to refer to a specific line (or phrase) within a song's lyrics.
Base: lyre
Affixes: -ic
Inflected forms:
form: more lyric
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most lyric
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: lyrick
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: lyrics
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: lyrick
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Of, or relating to a type of poetry (such as a sonnet or ode) that expresses subjective thoughts and feelings, often in a songlike style.
pos: adj
gloss: Of or relating to a writer of such poetry.
pos: adj
gloss: Lyrical.
pos: adj
gloss: Having a light singing voice of modest range.
pos: adj
gloss: Of or relating to musical drama and opera.
pos: adj
gloss: Melodious.
pos: adj
gloss: Of or relating to the lyre (or sometimes the harp).
pos: adj
gloss: A lyric poem.
pos: noun
gloss: The words of a song or other vocal music.
pos: noun
tags: plural-normally
examples: The lyric in line 3 doesn't rhyme.
The lyrics were written by the composer.
Yo, I got one lyric pointed at your head for start / Another one is pointed at your weak-ass heart
Derived words: lyrical
lyrically
lyric soprano
lyricize
lyricism
lyricist
lyricization
lyricless
lyricologist
lyricology
lyric opera
lyric poetry
lyric video
nonlyric
Translations:
narcolepsy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: From French narcolepsie. By surface analysis, narco- + -lepsy, from Ancient Greek ναρκόω (narkóō, “put to sleep”) + λῆψις (lêpsis, “seizure”).
Inflected forms:
form: narcolepsies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable attacks of deep sleep, often brief, sometimes accompanied by paralysis and hallucinations.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Excitement-induced narcolepsy caused him to sleep through the most important events of his life.
Translations:
necrosis
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: From Ancient Greek νέκρωσις (nékrōsis), equivalent to necro- + -osis.
Affixes: necro-
-osis
Inflected forms:
form: necroses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The localized death of cells or tissues through injury, disease, or the interruption of blood supply.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Usually gangrene will follow necrosis unless the dead tissue is resected.
These included multilobular consolidation with histiological lesions of bronchiolitis with epithelial necrosis and syncytia.
Translations:
neurology
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: From New Latin neurologia. By surface analysis, neuro- + -logy.
Inflected forms:
form: neurologies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The branch of medicine that deals with the disorders of nervous system including the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system and the nerves, muscles, and neuromuscular junction of the peripheral nervous system.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Focal neurologic signs; focal neurologic deficits.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
countable
uncountable
examples: Patient had no neurology.
gloss: The results of a neurological examination.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
countable
uncountable
examples: Neurology is normal.
Related words: neuritis
neurodegenerative
neurological
neurologist
neuropathy
neuropsychology
neuroright
neuroscience
neurosurgery
neurotechnology
Derived words: dermatoneurology
histoneurology
neurologize
otoneurology
paleoneurology
psychoneurology
teleneurology
Translations:
sarcoma
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
oncology
sciences
Etymology: From Latin sarcoma, from Ancient Greek σάρκωμα (sárkōma), from σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + -ωμα (-ōma, “process”) or from Ancient Greek σαρκόω (sarkóō), itself from σάρξ (sárx); by surface analysis, sarc- + -oma.
Base: σάρξ
Affixes: -ωμα
Inflected forms:
form: sarcomas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: sarcomata
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A type of malignant tumor of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.
pos: noun
examples: Only about 1 per cent of cancers are found in connective tissue; these are known as sarcomas.
Translations:
satire
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French satire, from Old French, from Latin satira, from earlier satura, from lanx satura (“full dish”), from feminine of satur. Altered in Latin by influence of Ancient Greek σάτυρος (sáturos, “satyr”), on the mistaken notion that the form is related to the Greek σατυρικὸν δράμα (saturikòn dráma, “satyr drama”).
Inflected forms:
form: satires
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A literary device of writing or art which principally ridicules its subject often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change or highlighting a shortcoming in the work of another. Imitation, humor, irony, and exaggeration are often used to aid this.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Satire deflates and debases. It is an art which topples greatness, undermines pretension and punishes pride by revealing the low in the pretendedly high, the filth in the pure, the folly in reason. This belittling trick deploys telescopic lenses which picture the human as lesser and lower, or as a machine or beast, driven by depraved desires. Satire reduces what purports to be subtly superior to a repertoire of stigmatizing symbols and cardboard cut-outs, turning character into caricature, signalled by exaggerated physiognomical distortions - the huge nose, gaping mouth and bloated belly, or comparable animalistic traits. In this humbling of the complex into the simplistic, satire finally reduces the mind, soul or spirit to that flesh which always bespeaks inferiority on the Chain of Being.
gloss: A satirical work.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: a stinging satire of American politics.
gloss: Severity of remark.
pos: noun
tags: dated
uncountable
examples: CAESAR. No, by the gods! would that it had been! Vengeance at least is human. No, I say: those severed right hands, and the brave Vercingetorix basely strangled in a vault beneath the Capitol, were (with shuddering satire) a wise severity, a necessary protection to the commonwealth, a duty of statesmanship—follies and fictions ten times bloodier than honest vengeance!
Derived words: fratire
satirically
satiric
satirical
satirise
satirize
satirism
satirist
unsatirised
unsatirized
Translations:
satyr
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
Etymology: From French satyre, from Latin satyrus, from Ancient Greek σάτυρος (sáturos).
Inflected forms:
form: satyrs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: satyre
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
rare
form: satyrus
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
Senses:
gloss: A sylvan deity or demigod, male companion of Pan or Dionysus, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness, sometimes pictured with a perpetual erection.
pos: noun
tags: Greek
examples: Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel, / From the glad sound would not be absent long.
male variation of nymphs
gloss: Synonym of faun.
pos: noun
tags: Roman
gloss: A lecherous man.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
gloss: Any of various butterflies of the nymphalid subfamily Satyrinae, having brown wings marked with eyelike spots; a meadow brown.
pos: noun
gloss: The orangutan.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
Related words: satyriasis
satyrisk
Derived words: satyresque
satyress
satyrical
satyrisation
satyrization
satyrism
satyrizing
satyrlike
satyr play
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: развратник
roman: razvratnik
lang: French
word: satyre
lang: Hindi
word: हवसनाक
roman: havasnāk
lang: Hindi
word: हवसदार
roman: havasdār
lang: Hindi
word: हवस-परस्त
roman: havas-parast
lang: Polish
word: satyr
lang: Spanish
word: sátiro
lang: Swedish
word: satyr
lang: Urdu
word: ہوسناک
roman: hawas nak
stethoscope
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from French stéthoscope, a word coined by its inventor, physician René Laennec, equivalent to stetho- + -scope.
Base: stetho
Inflected forms:
form: stethoscopes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: stethoscopes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: stethoscoping
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: stethoscoped
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: stethoscoped
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A medical instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body.
pos: noun
gloss: To auscultate, or examine, with a stethoscope.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: you wish me to submit to be stethoscoped; if so, you shall be gratified, although the prospect of undergoing that, or any other operation at Mr. Pigwidgeon's hands, is not the most agreeable
Translations:
strategy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Ancient Greek στρατηγία (stratēgía, “office of general, command, generalship”), from στρατηγός (stratēgós, “the leader or commander of an army, a general”), from στρατός (stratós, “army”) + ἄγω (ágō, “to lead, conduct”).
Inflected forms:
form: strategies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The science and art of military command as applied to the overall planning and conduct of warfare.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: “I came down like a wolf on the fold, didn’t I ? Why didn’t I telephone ? Strategy, my dear boy, strategy. This is a surprise attack, and I’d no wish that the garrison, forewarned, should escape. …”
gloss: A plan of action intended to accomplish a specific goal.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: Oftentimes, the very simple strategies pay very great dividends.
Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close[…]above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them. Many insects probably use this strategy, which is a close analogy to crypsis in the visible world—camouflage and other methods for blending into one’s visual background.
gloss: The act of strategizing; the development of effective strategies.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Synonyms: generalship
Related words: stratagem
strategus
long game
Derived words: basic strategy
coping strategy
counter strategy
counter-strategy
counterstrategy
cyberstrategy
e-strategy
evolutionarily stable strategy
exit strategy
fifty-state strategy
geostrategy
investment strategy
mating strategy
metastrategy
multistrategy
real-time strategy
sneaky fucker strategy
sprinkler strategy
strap strategy
strategetic
strategic
strategics
strategism
strategist
strategy game
strategy guide
strategyless
strategy of tension
strategy pattern
strategyproof
strip strategy
substrategy
Translations: