yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
surplus
Part of speech: noun
adj
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: law
Etymology: From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus.
Inflected forms:
form: surpluses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: surplusses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: surpluses
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: surplusses
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: surplusing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: surplussing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: surplused
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: surplused
pos: verb
tags: past
form: surplussed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: surplussed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus; overage.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: surplus population
surplus words
The latest shipment of goods is surplus to our needs.
But to return to where we left her, I see her still, propped up in a kind of stupor against one of the walls in which this wretched edifice abounds, her long grey greasy hair framing in its cowl of scrofulous mats a face where pallor, languor, hunger, acne, recent dirt, immemorial chagrin and surplus hair seemed to dispute the mastery.
An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
gloss: To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]
Derived words: nonsurplus
Translations:
swagger
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: A frequentative form of swag (“to sway”), first attested in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595), see quotations.
Inflected forms:
form: swaggers
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: swaggering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: swaggered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: swaggered
pos: verb
tags: past
form: swaggers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To behave (especially to walk or carry oneself) in a pompous, superior manner.
pos: verb
examples: What hempen home-ſpuns haue we ſwaggering here, / So neere the Cradle of the Faierie Queene?
He is a political humbug, the greatest of all humbugs; a man who swaggers about London clubs and consults solemnly about his influence, and in the country is a nonentity.
gloss: To boast or brag noisily; to bluster; to bully.
pos: verb
examples: To be great is not […] to swagger at our footmen.
For the common Soldier when he goes to the Market or Ale-house will offer this Money, and if it be refused, perhaps he will SWAGGER and HECTOR, and Threaten to Beat the BUTCHER or Ale-Wife, or take the Goods by Force, and throw them the bad HALF-PENCE.
“They say there’s something wrong with our president!” Mr. Trump swaggered at his indoor Tulsa rally in June,[…]
gloss: To walk with a swaying motion.
pos: verb
examples: It's the injustice… he is so unjust—
whiskey-blind, swaggering home at five.
gloss: Confidence, pride.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: After spending so much of the season looking upwards, the swashbuckling style and swagger of early season Spurs was replaced by uncertainty and frustration against a Norwich side who had the quality and verve to take advantage
gloss: A bold or arrogant strut.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: He steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk, and would let that cripple of a steamboat get the upper hand of him in a minute.
gloss: A prideful boasting or bragging.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Too often we honor swagger and bluster and the wielders of force; too often we excuse those who are willing to build their lives on the shattered dreams of others.
Derived words: aswagger
outswagger
swaggerer
swaggerific
swaggeringly
swagger it
swagger-jack
swaggerlicious
swaggery
swag
swagger coat
swagger portrait
swaggersome
swagger stick
Translations:
swain
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English swayn, swain, sweyn, swein, from Old English sweġen (attested also as personal name Swein, Sweġen), from Old Norse sveinn, from Proto-Germanic *swainaz (“relative, young man, servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself; separate; apart”), thus properly one's own.
Cognate with Danish svend (“hireling, young man”), Norwegian svein (“lad, young man, servant”) Icelandic sveinn (“boy, lad, servant”), Swedish sven (“swain, servant”), Low German Sween, dialectal German Schwein, Old English swān (“swineherd, lad”).
Inflected forms:
form: swains
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: swaine
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: swein
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A young man or boy in service; a servant.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: A knight's servant; an attendant.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: A country labourer; a countryman, a rustic.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
examples: theſe that ſeeme but ſilly country Swaines,
May haue the leading of so great an hoſte,
As with their waight ſhal make the mountains quake.
gloss: A rural lover; a male sweetheart in a pastoral setting.
pos: noun
tags: poetic
examples: Why thus from the Plain does my Shepherdess rove
Forsaking Her Swain and neglecting his love?
“Oh, dear Miss Dobson, will you but accept my hand, all these things shall be yours—the cards, the canister, the goldfish, the demon egg-cup—all yours!” Zuleika, with ravishing coyness, answered that if he would give her them now, she would “think it over.” The swain consented, and at bed-time she retired with the gift under her arm.
You're the belle of the ball, and these are all your swains, hoping for a glimpse of ankle.
Derived words: boatswain
coxswain
swaining
swainish
swainling
swainmote
swainship
Translations:
lang: Czech
word: nápadník
lang: Polish
word: wiejski kochanek
swang
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: swangs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: swangs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: swanging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: swanged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: swanged
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A swamp.
pos: noun
gloss: To steer one's vehicle from side to side while driving.
pos: verb
tags: slang
examples: Turn on my blinker light and then I swang it slow
I'mma swang, I'mma swing my slab lean to the left
Caine pulled off burning rubber and swanging side to side.
Translations:
swanky
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English swank
English -y
English swanky
From swank + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: swankier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: swankiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Rather posh, elegant, ritzy.
pos: adj
tags: informal
examples: His manner never had been modest or retiring. Now it was unmistakably swanky; he was putting on side to an extent that made fellows who observed him smile and shrug their shoulders.
So anyway, anniversary night and I've gone off. The sensational dinner, booked a swanky hotel and had a blinder.
Translations:
swathe
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English swathe, swath, from Old English swaþu, swæþ (“bandage”), probably akin to Old English swaþul, sweþel (“a swathe, wrap, band, bandage”).
Inflected forms:
form: swathes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: swathes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: swathing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: swathed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: swathed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A bandage; a band.
pos: noun
gloss: To bind with a swathe, band, bandage, or rollers
pos: verb
examples: Their children are never swathed, or bound about with any thing when they are first born' but are put naked into the bed with their parents to lie.
The head was swathed in linen bands that had been white, but were now stained and discoloured with damp, but of this I shall not speak more, and beneath the chin-cloth the beard had once escaped.
Josie herself looked animated and almost royal with the white bandage which swathed her forehead like a crown.
Translations:
excessive
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English excessive, excessif, from Old French excessif, from Medieval Latin excessivus, equivalent to excess + -ive.
Base: excess
Affixes: -ive
Inflected forms:
form: more excessive
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most excessive
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Exceeding the usual bounds of something; too much (of amount); extravagant; immoderate.
pos: adj
examples: The movie's excessive use of special effects distracted from the plot.
"You can throw off your cumbersome disguise here," said Lucy, though the words could scarcely be distinguished, from her excessive agitation, Evelyn hastily caught up a cloak and cap laid ready for him, and a few minutes brought them into the sitting-room.
Antonyms: deficient
insufficient
moderate
Translations:
extravagant
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English extravagaunt, from Middle French extravagant and its etymon Medieval Latin extravagans, present participle of extravagor (“to wander beyond”), from Latin extra (“beyond”) + vagor (“to wander, stray”).
Inflected forms:
form: more extravagant
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most extravagant
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Exceeding the bounds of something; roving; hence, foreign.
pos: adj
examples: The extravagant and erring spirit hies / To his confine.
gloss: Extreme; wild; excessive; unrestrained.
pos: adj
examples: extravagant acts, praise, or abuse
There appears something nobly wild and extravagant in great natural geniuses.
The half-dozen pieces […] were painted white and carved with festoons of flowers, birds and cupids. […] The bed was the most extravagant piece. Its graceful cane halftester rose high towards the cornice and was so festooned in carved white wood that the effect was positively insecure, as if the great couch were trimmed with icing sugar.
gloss: Exorbitant
pos: adj
examples: According to this saga of intellectual-property misanthropy, these creatures [patent trolls] roam the business world, buying up patents and then using them to demand extravagant payouts from companies they accuse of infringing them. Often, their victims pay up rather than face the costs of a legal battle.
gloss: Profuse in expenditure; prodigal; wasteful.
pos: adj
examples: an extravagant man
extravagant expense
some of the Quakers were extravagant and foolish
Related words: vagabond
extravagance
extravagation
Derived words: extravagancy
extravagantly
extravagantness
overextravagant
unextravagant
Translations:
exorbitant
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English exorbitant, through Old French from Late Latin exorbitāns, present active participle of exorbitō (“to go out of the track”), from ex (“out”) + orbita (“wheel-track”); see orbit. Compare French exorbitant.
Inflected forms:
form: more exorbitant
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most exorbitant
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Exceeding proper limits; excessive or unduly high; extravagant.
pos: adj
examples: It’s a nice car, but they are charging an exorbitant price for it.
You also have to pay exorbitant interest if you have credit card debt.
But whatever might be the internal thoughts of Macedonian officers, they held their peace before Alexander [the Great], whose formidable character and exorbitant self-estimation would tolerate no criticism.
Love, being an extremely exacting usurer (a sense of exorbitant profit, spiritually, by an exchange of hearts, being at the bottom of pure passions, as that of exorbitant profit, bodily or materially, is at the bottom of those of lower atmosphere), every morning his feelings were as sensitive as the money-market in calculations upon his chances.
In addition, many low-income people are “unbanked” (not served by a financial institution), and thus nearly eaten alive by exorbitant fees.
Antonyms: fair
modest
proper
reasonable
unextortionate
Translations:
immoderate
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English inmoderat, immoderate, from Latin immoderātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
Affixes: -ate
Inflected forms:
form: more immoderate
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most immoderate
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Not moderate; excessive.
pos: adj
examples: Many of the initial responses to GPT-4’s exam prowess were predictably immoderate: AI can keep up with human lawyers, or apply to Stanford, or make “education” useless.
Translations:
shameless
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *skamō
Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-der.
Proto-Germanic *leusaną
Proto-Germanic *lausaz
Proto-Germanic *-lausaz
Proto-Germanic *skamōlausaz
Proto-West Germanic *skamulaus
Old English sċamlēas
Middle English schameles
English shameless
From Middle English schameles, shameles, from Old English sċamlēas, sċeamlēas (“without shame; shameless”), from Proto-Germanic *skamalausaz (“shameless”), equivalent to shame + -less. Cognate with West Frisian skamteleas (“shameless”), Dutch schaamteloos (“shameless”), German schamlos (“shameless”), Danish skamløs (“shameless”), Swedish skamlös (“shameless”), Icelandic skammlaus (“shameless; unashamed”).
Base: shame
Affixes: -less
Inflected forms:
form: more shameless
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most shameless
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Having no shame, no guilt nor remorse over something considered wrong; immodest, brazen; unable to feel disgrace.
pos: adj
gloss: Not subject to other people’s shaming or reproach.
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
examples: Near-synonyms: blameless, unblameable
He shall be as now nameles,
But he shall not be blameles,
Nor he shall not be shameles;
For sure he wrought amys, […]
Derived words: shamelessly
shamelessness
Translations:
immodest
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Italic *n̥-
Latin in-bor.
Middle English in-
English im-
English modest
English immodest
From im- + modest.
Inflected forms:
form: more immodest
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most immodest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Without customary restraint or modesty of expression; shameless.
pos: adj
Translations:
modesty
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French modestie, from Latin modestia; equivalent to modest + -y.
Base: modest
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: modesties
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The quality of being modest; having a limited and not overly high opinion of oneself and one's abilities.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: At her invitation he outlined for her the succeeding chapters with terse military accuracy ; and what she liked best and best understood was avoidance of that false modesty which condescends, turning technicality into pabulum.
gloss: Moderate behaviour; reserve.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
gloss: Pudency, avoidance of sexual explicitness.
pos: noun
tags: specifically
uncountable
usually
examples: ... but the cars of chaste women have either coverings thrown over them, or white sheets hung over; for instance, on the cars of the female part of the family of the deceased Nawabs Khanduran and Muzaffar Khan, there used generally to be fastened thick dirty white cloths, and in like manner also on their palanquins—although one brother was the chief treasurer, and the other a commander of seven thousand men. And most assuredly this is a requirement of modesty; for one whose palanquin or cart is turned out with much splendour, verily the idea comes to the minds of the sight-seers and common people, that in it there must be some lovely one, bright as the morning, the envy of the fairies. Hence, for the cars or palanquins for women to ride in to be greatly embroidered is, in the opinion of certain men of standing, who are worthy to be trusted, of great infamy.
Antonyms: impudence
extravagance
arrogance
immodesty
Related words: modestly
Derived words: false modesty
in all modesty
modesty bag
modesty bit
modesty board
modesty glasses
modesty panel
modesty piece
outrage of modesty
overmodesty
plural of modesty
Translations:
vile
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English vile, vyle, vyl, from Anglo-Norman ville, Old French vil, vile, from Latin vīlis.
Inflected forms:
form: viler
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: more vile
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: vilest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: most vile
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Morally low; base; despicable.
pos: adj
examples: vile accusation
vile man
Turn now to the temperance revolution. In it we shall find a stronger bondage broken, a viler slavery manumitted, a greater tyrant deposed; in it, more of want supplied, more disease healed, more sorrow assuaged.
The parties stooped to vile and unbecoming meannesses; infinite briberies, forgeries, perjuries, and all manners of debauchings of the principles and manners of the electors were attempted.
People crave human decency, warmth, and sincerity even in the vilest of circumstances…
gloss: Causing physical or mental repulsion; horrid.
pos: adj
examples: I glimpsed a vile squid-like creature in the depths.
The medicine had a vile taste and smell.
We can't go out in this vile weather.
Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.
gloss: That which is vile; vileness.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: “I had seen those two work before—in the smoking-room the day prior to their attack on you, if I recollect it correctly, and so, knowing their methods, I am convinced that their enmity is a sufficient guarantee of the integrity of its object. Men such as they must cleave only to the vile, hating all that is noblest and best.”
Translations:
lascivious
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin lascīviōsus, from lascīvia (“sportiveness, lustfulness”).
Inflected forms:
form: more lascivious
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most lascivious
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Wanton; lewd, driven by lust, lustful.
pos: adj
examples: Sir, I will answer anything. But I beseech you, if't be your pleasure and most wise consent, as partly I find it is, that your fair daughter, at this odd-even and dull watch o'the night, transported with no worse nor better guard but with a knave of common hire, a gondolier, to the gross clasps of a lascivious Moor – if this be known to you, and your allowance, we then have done you bold and saucy wrongs; but if you know not this, my manners tell me we have your wrong rebuke.
The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone [the sponsor] long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it. […] But there was not a more lascivious reprobate and gourmand in all London than this same Greystone.
Increasing numbers of English-speaking tourists have made a point of stopping in to snap pictures of themselves by the signpost at the entrance to the village, sometimes striking lascivious poses for social media.
Translations:
lustful
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English lustful, from Old English lustfull (“desirous, wishful”); equivalent to lust + -ful. Cognate with Dutch lustvol (“lustful, lusty”), German lustvoll (“pleasurable”), Swedish lustfyllt (“pleasurable”), Swedish lustfyllda (“lustful”).
Base: lust
Affixes: -ful
Inflected forms:
form: more lustful
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most lustful
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: lustfull
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Full of lust; driven by lust.
pos: adj
examples: Many of the so-called rites of these secret societies were so patently ridiculous, that it is quite obvious that they were merely an excuse for men and women to indulge in sex-play and lustful gratification, frequently of an abnormal kind.
Translations:
marjoram
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Old French majorane, from Medieval Latin maiōrana.
Inflected forms:
form: marjorams
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: marjorum
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: marierom
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A herb of the mint family, Origanum majorana, having aromatic leaves.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The Lillie I condemned for thy hand, / And buds of marierom had ſtolne thy haire
Among the ancients, especially the Romans, marjoram was known to have an aphrodisiac value.
gloss: The leaves of this plant, especially dried, used in flavouring food.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Derived words: sweet marjoram
wild marjoram
Translations:
marl
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English marle, from Old French marle, from Late Latin margila, diminutive of marga (“marl”). Doublet of marla.
Inflected forms:
form: marls
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: marle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: marls
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: marling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: marled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: marled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A mixed earthy substance, consisting of carbonate of lime, clay, and possibly sand, in very variable proportions, and accordingly designated as calcareous, clayey, or sandy.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Marle is indeed, as it is in name, the fat or (marrovv) of the earth: […] it is therfore a fat, oyly and vnctious ground, lying in the belly of the earth, vvhich is of vvarme and moiſt temperature, and ſo moſt fertill, ſeeing that heat and moyſture be the father and mother of generation and grovvth; […] Foure ſorts of Marle be found in this VVeald, knovvne aſunder by the difference of colours, and thereby alſo differing in degrees of goodneſſe one from the other: […]
... uneasie steps / Over the burning Marle, not like those steps / On Heavens Azure...
Mr. Greenshields was the contractor selected to build the embankment, and over a hundred thousand tons of marl and moss compacted with brushwood were used in its construction.
Important marl and marine-shell deposits are worked in Michigan, Virginia, and Florida.
The surroundings were unearthly. It was not a fish setting—only bare rock, no trees, pungent sagebrush, and marl dust floating when a truck passed.
Those loved unhappy shades whom Dante turned / To sticks and marl
gloss: To cover (the ground) with marl (noun sense).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: [I]n this ſhort time vve haue ſeene many arable grounds, vvhich for ſundry yeeres after the marling of them, haue plentifully borne VVheat and other Graine, to be novv become vnfruitfull, and ſo vvill they continue, albeit they ſhould novv [be] marled againe. And this commeth to paſſe by the ignorance of the right manner of ordering the Marle, […]
Translations:
pliant
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English pliaunt, from Old French ploiant, present participle of ploiier (“to fold”).
Inflected forms:
form: more pliant
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most pliant
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking.
pos: adj
examples: a pliant thread
pliant wax
Whether in its northern or southern home, the black-throated blue warbler builds its nest of bark, roots, and other pliant material, loose and rather bulky, in a variety of saplings, bushes, and weeds, but always a few inches or a few feet from the ground.
gloss: Easily influenced; tractable.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
examples: I muſt haue wanton Poets, pleaſant wits,
Muſitians, that with touching of a ſtring
May draw the pliant king which way I pleaſe: […]
[A]nd it is without all controuerſie, that learning doth make the minds of men gentle, generous, maniable, and pliant to gouernment; whereas Ignorance makes them churliſh, thwart, and mutinous; […]
Yet there was pleasant sadness that became
Meetly the gentle heart and pliant sense,
In that same idlesse—gazing on that brook
[The king] had a pliant prime minister and a general who was telling him what he wanted to hear.
The person said one of the reasons the Chinese had been so pliant in development of a joint position on AI governance was that “playing nice” and acting as a “responsible partner” could help foster conversations about relaxation of US trade barriers later down the line.
Derived words: nonpliant
pliantly
pliantness
unpliant
Translations:
recombination
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: astrophysics
biology
chemistry
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
Middle English combinacioun
English combination
English recombination
From re- + combination.
Inflected forms:
form: recombinations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Combination a second or subsequent time.
pos: noun
gloss: The formation of genetic combinations in offspring that are not present in the parents.
pos: noun
gloss: The reverse of dissociation.
pos: noun
gloss: The process by which the plasma of electrons and protons produced after the Big Bang condensed into hydrogen, or the epoch in which this process occurred.
pos: noun
Related words: recombine
Derived words: antirecombination
homologous recombination
hyperrecombination
microrecombination
photorecombination
pseudorecombination
radiative recombination
RecBCD
Recombination
recombinational
recombination energy
recon
Translations:
shader
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English shade
English -er
English shader
From shade + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: shaders
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One who, or that which, shades.
pos: noun
gloss: A set of software instructions used to calculate rendering effects on graphics hardware.
pos: noun
Derived words: compute shader
fragment shader
geometry shader
pixel shader
shaderless
vertex shader
Translations:
shady
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From shade + -y. Compare Saterland Frisian skaadich, skaddich (“shady”), German schattig (“shady”).
Base: shade
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: shadier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: shadiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Abounding in shades.
pos: adj
gloss: Causing shade.
pos: adj
examples: The shady trees cover him with their shadow.
gloss: Overspread with shade; sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.
pos: adj
examples: you may have rooms both for summer and winter; shady for summer, and warm for winter
I know the shadiest breeziest spots, hidden tables surrounded by trees that have lived longer than the neighborhoods around them.
gloss: Not trustworthy; disreputable.
pos: adj
tags: informal
examples: He is a shady character.
No sunshine in my life, the way I deal is shady
Jon & Kate Plus 8 is a show based on two facts: 1) Jon and Kate Gosselin have eight children, and 2) the word ‘Kate’ rhymes with the word ‘eight’. One suspects that if Kate were ever to have another child, a shady network executive would urge her to put it in a binbag with a brick and drop it down a well. But this is just a horrifying tangent.
People on the internet seemingly can’t get enough of the whole thing. The Guardian named it “pop’s shadiest power move.”
However, when Buster's character was still being developed, he was indeed a much shadier and less lovable character.
gloss: Mean, cruel.
pos: adj
tags: UK
slang
examples: They were being proper shady to him. Even if you don't like someone, locking them out, stealing their clothes and ganging up on them to take the piss is just childish.
I didn't even ask her to be in the 'Increase the Peace' campaign, which was well shady, 'cos if anyone knows anything about rudes and violence and getting dragged into stuff it's Uma.
"Don't be shady," she said, "You know I always pay up."
Derived words: keep shady
on the shady side of
semishady
shadily
shadiness
Shady Cove
Shady Creek
Shady Valley
unshady
Translations:
shaggy
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Old English sċeacga
Middle English *schagge
English shag
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English shaggy
From shag + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: shaggier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: shaggiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Having long, thick, and uncombed hair, fur or wool.
pos: adj
examples: a shaggy dog
They waited until Dorothy awoke the next morning. The little girl was quite frightened when she saw the great pile of shaggy wolves, but the Tin Woodman told her all. She thanked him for saving them and sat down to breakfast, after which they started again upon their journey.
Away from the village, there was an enclosure containing several large animals of a kind I had not seen before—shaggy, long-necked, small-headed creatures who stood or lay at ease around their pen. Alpacas?
gloss: Having a surface like shaggy hair; with a rough nap.
pos: adj
gloss: Confused, muddled.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
examples: Universal and Blumhouse’s M3gan is exactly the right amount of ridiculous, which is why it can afford to be a little shaggy toward the end.
Derived words: shaggily
shagginess
shaggy cut
shaggy dog story
shaggy dog tale
shaggy dwarf morning glory
shaggy God story
shaggy inkcap
shaggy mane
shaggy soldier
shaggy tuft
Translations:
shriek
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From obsolete shrick (1567), shreke, variants of earlier screak, skricke (before 1500), from Middle English scrycke, from a North Germanic/Scandinavian language (compare Swedish skrika, Danish skrige, Icelandic skríkja), from Proto-Germanic *skrīkijaną, *skrik- (compare English screech). More at screech.
Inflected forms:
form: shrieks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: shreek
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: shrieks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: shrieking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: shrieked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: shrieked
pos: verb
tags: past
form: shreek
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A sharp, shrill outcry or scream; a shrill wild cry caused by sudden or extreme terror, pain, or the like.
pos: noun
examples: Shrieks, clamours, murmurs, fill the frighted town.
Sabor, the lioness, was a wise hunter. To one less wise the wild alarm of her fierce cry as she sprang would have seemed a foolish thing, for could she not more surely have fallen upon her victims had she but quietly leaped without that loud shriek?
gloss: An exclamation mark.
pos: noun
tags: UK
slang
gloss: To utter a loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry, as do some birds and beasts; to scream, as in a sudden fright, in horror or anguish.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Feebly ſhe ſhriekt, but ſo feebly indeed / That Britomart heard not the ſhrilling ſound.
It was the owl that shrieked.
At this she shriek'd aloud; the mournful train / Echoed her grief.
"[O]h, yes! the loon does shriek dreadfully - particularly when there's fine rain[.]"
In winter the place was deserted and, with cold damp wind from the sea shrieking in the telegraph wires, the general feeling could be one of desolation.
gloss: To utter sharply and shrilly; to utter in or with a shriek or shrieks.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The ghostly owl, shrieking his baleful note.
She shrieked his name to the dark woods.
Synonyms: shrill
Derived words: shriek owl
ashriek
outshriek
shrieker
shriekery
shriekfest
shrieking sixties
shriekling
shrieky
Translations:
sycophantic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Ancient Greek σῡκοφᾰντῐκός (sūkophăntĭkós). By surface analysis, sycophant + -ic.
Inflected forms:
form: more sycophantic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most sycophantic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Excessively eager to please, especially for personal gain; obsequious, flattering.
pos: adj
examples: The sycophantic slags all say / "I knew him first, and I knew him well"
I melt into a sycophantic soup, and all that’s left to do is giggle, fawn and swoon.
when the princess’s former nanny Marion Crawford, “Crawfie”, published an entirely anodyne and sycophantic memoir in 1950, she was cast into outer darkness by the family.
Then, at the 40 minute mark, [US Vice President J.D.] Vance chimed in with some sycophantic nonsense.
Antonyms: arrogant
bossy
cheeky
obstinate
proud
Translations:
syne
Part of speech: adv
prep
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English syne, syn, sin, a contracted form of sithen (“since”). More at sithen.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Subsequently; then.
pos: adv
tags: Northern-England
Scotland
not-comparable
examples: At last he comes, and on his knee
The wee tots a'thegether cling,
An' ilk yen strives to catch his ee,
Syne tugs his cwoat an' bids him sing.
Sic a pair o' friends aa nivvor seed either before or syne.
Yet in two-three years they'd chaved and saved enough for gear and furnishings, and were married at last, and syne Will was born, and syne Chris herself was born, and the Guthries rented a farm in Echt […].
gloss: Late.
pos: adv
tags: Northern-England
Scotland
not-comparable
examples: [Each rogue] shall be discovered either soon or syne.
"I had rather it came to-morrow than a month hence. Come, I know, it will; and, as your country folks say, better soon than syne […]
gloss: Before now; ago.
pos: adv
tags: Northern-England
Scotland
not-comparable
examples: I eat, drink, and sleep as sound as I did twenty years syne; yes, I laugh heartily too, and find as many subjects to employ that faculty upon as ever; fools, fops, and knaves, grow as rank as formerly, yet here and there, […]
Camden Lyde had come to dwell in Mapleblade, a long while syne. His father had been in times past the parish parson, and the son was kindly affectionate to the old village scenes, and to the faces that seemed in some sort to belong to him[…]
gloss: Since.
pos: prep
tags: Northern-England
Scotland
examples: I've niver set fute i' Gibb's Ha' syne his father's death.
Shoo's […] gitten fair pratty, syne Maister Allen gat wed.
Synonyms: followingly
Translations:
synecdoche
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin synecdochē, from Ancient Greek συνεκδοχή (sunekdokhḗ, “receiving together”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + ἐκ (ek, “out of”) + δέχεσθαι (dékhesthai, “to accept”), this last element related to δοκέω (dokéō, “to think, suppose, seem”).
Inflected forms:
form: synecdoches
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: syndoche
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: synechdoche
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A figure of speech that uses the name of a part of something to represent the whole, or the whole to represent a part, or a specific kind or instance to represent the general category, or the general category to represent a specific kind or instance, or the constituent material to represent the thing made from it.
pos: noun
tags: countable
rhetoric
uncountable
examples: Synecdoche the whole for part will take,
Or part for whole, just for the metre's sake.
"Holocaust" can become a tired synecdoche for war crimes in general.
Perhaps being in a touring band was, to Yorke, a synecdoche for the modern condition: disorientation, alienation, rootlessness, exhaustion, lack of control, occasional derangement, constant motion.
gloss: The use of this figure of speech.
pos: noun
tags: countable
rhetoric
uncountable
Related words: docetism
holonymy
meronymy
metalepsis
Derived words: synecdochal
synecdochic
synecdochical
synecdochically
synecdochism
synecdochist
synecdochize
synecdochy
Translations:
tabby
Part of speech: noun
adj
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Mid 17th century French tabis, from Arabic عَتَّابِيّ (ʕattābiyy), ultimately from Arabic الْعَتَّابِيَّة (al-ʕattābiyya), a quarter of Baghdad (named for a Prince عَتَّاب (ʕattāb)) which is associated with the manufacture of a certain type of waved silk. See also taffeta, another type of silk whose name derives from the Persian تافته (tâfta, “woven cloth”) and shares a similar etymological origin.
Inflected forms:
form: tabbies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: tabbier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: tabbiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: tabbies
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: tabbying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: tabbied
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: tabbied
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A kind of waved silk, usually called watered silk, manufactured like taffeta, but thicker and stronger. The watering is given to it by calendering.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: "Ay, ay; she wore a flowered silk tabby sacque, on band days," said Toole, who had an eye and a corner in his memory for female costume, "a fine showy—I remember."
gloss: A concrete mixture of lime with shells, gravel, or stones, in equal proportions, with an equal proportion of water. When dry, this becomes as hard as rock.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: A brindled cat.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: A wise tabby, a blinking sphinx, watched from her warm sill. Pity to disturb them. Mohammed cut a piece out of his mantle not to wake her.
gloss: A woman, irrespective of age, but often used for a young, attractive woman.
pos: noun
tags: Australia
countable
slang
uncountable
examples: ‘The kids go for a drive in a borrowed car, park on another street between the corner lamps, and then there’s ructions because some little tabby gets up the stick.’
gloss: An old maid or gossip.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
gloss: Having a wavy or watered appearance.
pos: adj
examples: a tabby waistcoat
gloss: Brindled; diversified in color.
pos: adj
examples: a tabby cat
gloss: To give a wavy or watered appearance to (a textile).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Translations:
tacit
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from late Middle French tacite, or from Latin tacitus (“that is passed over in silence, done without words, assumed as a matter of course, silent”), from tacere (“to be silent”).
Inflected forms:
form: more tacit
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most tacit
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Implied, but not made explicit, especially through silence.
pos: adj
examples: tacit consent
Our tacit treaty with Miss Maudie was that we could play on her lawn, eat her scuppernongs if we didn’t jump on the arbor, and explore her vast back lot,
He does this by way of a tacit reference to Homer.
[…] disengagement represents a tacit rejection of governing institutions and processes, especially among young people, […]
gloss: Not derived from formal principles of reasoning; based on induction rather than deduction.
pos: adj
Related words: tacet
taciturn
taciturnity
taciturnly
tacenda
Derived words: tacitly
tacitness
tacit programming
tacit collusion
Translations:
tact
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from French tact, following a semantic shift from earlier tact (“sense of touch; feeling”), borrowed from Latin tāctus (“touched”). The borrowing was likely influenced by earlier English tact (“sense of touch; feeling”), which was a parallel borrowing directly from the Latin.
Inflected forms:
form: tacts
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: tacting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: tacted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: tacted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Sensitive mental touch; special skill or faculty; keen perception or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is required by circumstances; the ability to say the right thing and avoid statements that will give offence or pain even if true.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: By the use of tact, she was able to calm her jealous husband.
I used tact when I told my fat uncle that his extra weight made him look better.
He had formed plans not inferior in grandeur and boldness to those of Richelieu, and had carried them into effect with a tact and wariness worthy of Mazarin.
A tact which surpassed the tact of her sex as much as the tact of her sex surpassed the tact of ours.
gloss: Propriety; manners (etiquette).
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: To use a tact (a kind of verbal operant).
pos: verb
Derived words: tactful
tactfulness
tactless
Translations:
taint
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: business
computing
engineering
finance
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
Etymology: From Middle French teint, from Old French teint (past participle of teindre (“to dye, to tinge”)), from Latin tinctum (past participle of tingere); compare tint.
Inflected forms:
form: taints
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: taints
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: tainting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: tainted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: tainted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A contamination, decay or putrefaction, especially in food.
pos: noun
gloss: A tinge, trace or touch.
pos: noun
examples: There is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies, - which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world - what I want to forget.
gloss: A mark of disgrace, especially on one's character; blemish.
pos: noun
gloss: Tincture; hue; colour.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: Infection; corruption; deprivation.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: A prison taint was on everything there. The imprisoned air, the imprisoned light, the imprisoned damps, the imprisoned men, were all deteriorated by confinement.
He had inherited from his ancestors a scrofulous taint, which it was beyond the power of medicine to remove.
gloss: A marker indicating that a variable is unsafe and should be subjected to additional security checks.
pos: noun
examples: Using Apache version 1.3.29 and Perl version 5.8.2, we tracked the following sequence of taints […]
gloss: To contaminate or corrupt (something) with an external agent, either physically or morally.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: His unkindness may defeat my life, / But never taint my love.
gloss: To spoil (food) by contamination.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To be infected or corrupted; to be touched by something corrupting.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: I cannot taint with fear.
gloss: To be affected with incipient putrefaction.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Meat soon taints in warm weather.
gloss: To mark (a variable) as unsafe, so that operations involving it are subject to additional security checks.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To invalidate (a share capital account) by transferring profits into it.
pos: verb
tags: Australia
transitive
Related words: tainture
Derived words: boar taint
cork taint
taintable
tainter
taintless
taintproof
untaint
untainting
Translations:
tally
Part of speech: intj
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
broadcasting
business
engineering
media
natural-sciences
nautical
physical-sciences
radio
transport
Etymology: Clipping of tallyho.
Inflected forms:
form: tallies
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: tallying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: tallied
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: tallied
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Target sighted.
pos: intj
examples: (Air Traffic Control): Speedbird 123, New York, traffic at two o’clock, seven miles, a Boeing 737, west-bound, at 4000 feet.
(Pilot): New York, Speedbird 123, tally.
gloss: To count something.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To mathematically calculate a numeric result.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To record something by making marks.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The counter tallied the languages people were conversing in while walking along a set route that wove back and forth through the chairs and tables.
gloss: To make things correspond or agree with each other.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: I am sorry to find they are not so well tallied to the present juncture as I could wish.
gloss: To keep score.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To correspond or agree.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: In some I found pieces of tiles that exactly tallied with the channel, and in others a little wall of bricks
Your idea, my dear lord, of the abusive paragraph on you being conceived at Paris, and transmitted hither, tallies exactly with mine.
This credulity will not be challenged here; yet it may be remarked that, assuming the unlimited and unvarying benevolence of the powerful planners, our analysis shows that it may be impossible for them ever to find out whether the results of their measures tally with their good intentions.
However, one abiding weakness with such data collection is that people’s beliefs about their speech habits may not necessarily tally with reality.
gloss: To check off, as parcels of freight going inboard or outboard.
pos: verb
examples: I loaded a cargo of potatoes in Dublin, for Bangor and Caernarvon, all in bags, for three different parties—viz. 13 tons delivered at Bangor, which was tallied in and out; remainder to Caernarvon, and was not tallied in, but tallied out.
Synonyms: number
Derived words: mistally
retally
tallier
tally on
tally up
untallied
Translations:
tamer
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From tame (verb) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).
Base: tame#Verb
Affixes: -er
Inflected forms:
form: tamers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One who tames or subdues.
pos: noun
examples: Only Enid could dare him at such a time, and even she felt occasionally that sinking of the heart which the bravest of tamers may experience as he unbars the gate of the cage.
On the mantelshelf either side of the clock stood two lacquered bronzes of horse and tamer.
You came back from that island alive! Mate, yeer a bloomin' freak of nature! Yer a master! Yer a true tamer of the high seas! Yer more man than I am!
Translations:
tammy
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
Etymology: Uncertain; compare obsolete French tamise (but if there was borrowing, it is unclear in which direction).
Inflected forms:
form: tammies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: tamin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: tamine
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: taminy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: tammies
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: tammying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: tammied
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: tammied
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A kind of woolen, or woolen and cotton, cloth, often highly glazed, used for curtains, sieves, strainers, etc.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To strain through a tammy.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Translations: