yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
ecotourism
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wóyḱos
Proto-Hellenic *wóikos
Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos)
Latin oeco-
French éco-
English eco-
Proto-Indo-European *terh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-nos
Proto-Indo-European *tórh₁nos
Proto-Hellenic *tórnos
Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos)bor.
Latin tornus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin tornō
Old French torner
Old French tourder.
English tour
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mos
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)
Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.
English -ism
English tourism
English ecotourism
From eco- + tourism.
Inflected forms:
form: ecotourisms
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Responsible (sustainable) travel to natural areas supporting the fauna, flora, and local economy.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Driven by a search for the perfectly "grammable" shot, ecotourism is everywhere on the rise, though it rarely delivers on the promise of its name, which is to reconcile the impulse to consume nature with the desire to conserve it.
Translations:
three-dimensional
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more three-dimensional
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most three-dimensional
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: 3-dimensional
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: threedimensional
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Existing in three dimensions.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
usually
gloss: Having depth, or the illusion of depth, as well as height and width.
pos: adj
tags: comparable
idiomatic
not-comparable
usually
gloss: Lifelike.
pos: adj
tags: comparable
idiomatic
not-comparable
usually
examples: A good novel needs three-dimensional characters.
Synonyms: 3D
3-D
3d
tri-D
tridimensional
Derived words: quasi-three-dimensional
three-dimensional chess
three-dimensionality
three-dimensionally
three-dimensional printer
three-dimensional printing
Translations:
two-dimensional
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more two-dimensional
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most two-dimensional
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: 2-dimensional
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: twodimensional
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Existing in two dimensions.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
usually
examples: Of course, it is impossible to show what a holograph is really like in a two dimensional picture such as this.
We show that in the two-dimensional case, every objective, isotropic and isochoric energy function which is rank-one convex on #92;mathrm#123;GL#125;#43;(2) is already polyconvex on #92;mathrm#123;GL#125;#43;(2).
gloss: Not creating the illusion of depth; lacking detail or believability.
pos: adj
tags: idiomatic
not-comparable
usually
examples: a two-dimensional character in a play
Synonyms: 2D
2d
bidimensional
planar
Derived words: quasi-two-dimensional
two-dimensionally
Translations:
mutual
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: business
finance
insurance
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French mutuel, from Latin mūtuus. Displaced native Old English ġemǣne.
Inflected forms:
form: more mutual
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most mutual
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: mut.
pos: adj
tags: alternative
abbreviation
form: mutuall
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: mutuals
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: mut.
pos: noun
tags: alternative
abbreviation
form: mutuall
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Having the same relationship, each to each other.
pos: adj
examples: They were mutual enemies.
gloss: Collective, done or held in common.
pos: adj
examples: Mutual insurance.
gloss: Reciprocal.
pos: adj
examples: They had mutual fear of each other.
gloss: Possessed in common.
pos: adj
examples: They had been introduced by a mutual friend.
On his area the pursuer built a dwelling-house, of which the gable and garden-wall were mutual with his neighbour Smith […]
gloss: Owned by the members.
pos: adj
gloss: A mutual fund.
pos: noun
gloss: A mutual organization.
pos: noun
gloss: Either of a pair of people who follow each other's social media accounts.
pos: noun
tags: Internet
Synonyms: reciprocative
Derived words: automutual
intermutual
mutual admiration society
mutual assured destruction
mutual combat
mutual consent
mutual friend
mutual inductance
mutual induction
mutual information
mutual insurance
mutualisation
mutualist
mutualistic
mutuality
mutualization
mutualize
mutually
mutual masturbation
mutualness
mutual savings bank
mutual society
mutual tidal locking
mutual understanding
mutual will
nonmutual
transmutual
unmutual
Translations:
website
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *webʰ-der.
Proto-Germanic *webaną
Proto-Germanic *wabją
Old English webb
Middle English web
English web
Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-der.
Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-der.
Proto-Italic *sinō
Latin sinō
Latin situsder.
Anglo-Norman sitebor.
Middle English site
English site
English website
From web + site.
Inflected forms:
form: websites
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: web site
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: web-site
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: Web site
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: Website
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A collection of interlinked web pages on the World Wide Web that are typically accessible from the same base URL and reside on the same server.
pos: noun
tags: Internet
examples: Meronym: webpage
You can find complete information about the products on the company's website.
He is playing a video game on the website.
Translations:
PDF
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
software
Inflected forms:
form: PDFs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: PDFing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: PDFed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: PDFed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To convert (something) to PDF format.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Translations:
tumorigenesis
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
oncology
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English tumor
Latin -i-bor.
English -i-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis
Proto-Hellenic *génetis
Ancient Greek γένεσῐς (génesĭs)der.
Latinbor.
English -genesis
English tumorigenesis
From tumor + -i- + -genesis.
Inflected forms:
form: tumorigeneses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: tumorgenesis
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: tumourigenesis
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Production of a new tumor or tumors.
pos: noun
gloss: The process involved in the production of a new tumor or tumors.
pos: noun
Related words: tumorigenicity
tumorigenic
tumor
Derived words: antitumorigenesis
hepatotumorigenesis
Translations:
puerile
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Latin puerīlis (“childish”), from puer (“child, boy”). By surface analysis, puer + -ile.
Inflected forms:
form: more puerile
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most puerile
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Childish; trifling; silly.
pos: adj
examples: 1850, Thomas De Quincey, French and English Manners (originally published in Hogg's Instructor
The French have been notorious through generations for their puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents.
From the table he had received the gout; from the alcove a tendency to convulsions; from the grandeeship a pride so vast and puerile that he seldom heard anything that was said to him and talked to the ceiling in a perpetual monologue; from the exile, oceans of boredom, a boredom so persuasive that it was like pain,—he woke up with it and spent the day with it, and it sat by his bed all night watching his sleep.
But can there be anything more puerile, more short-sighted, than the views of those Economists who believe in all earnest that this woeful transitory state means nothing but adapting society to the acquisitive propensities of capitalists, both landlords and money-lords?
[…] I have always found it hard that Hamlet, a character that I love and admire, is guilty of a puerile misogyny and, perhaps, more worryingly, of the unnecessary deaths of his old friends from university, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.
Today we should welcome, and even study, every serious attempt to envisage the future of our race, not merely to grasp the very diverse and often tragic possibilities that confront us, but also that we may familiarize ourselves with the certainty that many of our cherished ideals would seem puerile to more developed minds.
gloss: Characteristic of, or pertaining to, a boy or boys; compare puellile.
pos: adj
Related words: puella
puellile
puer
boyish
yobbish
youthful
Derived words: puerilely
puerileness
puerilism
puerility
puerilization
Translations:
tref
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Compare Welsh tref (“town”).
Inflected forms:
form: trefs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: trev
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A hamlet in Britain in pre-Saxon times.
pos: noun
tags: historical
Translations:
hal
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Arabic حَال (ḥāl, literally “state, condition”)
Inflected forms:
form: ahwal
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: haal
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A special temporary state of consciousness, generally understood to be the product of a Sufi's spiritual practices while on his way toward God.
pos: noun
Translations:
ital
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: Blend of I + vital.
Compound parts: I
vital
Inflected forms:
form: itals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Pure, natural food suiting a Rastafari lifestyle.
pos: noun
tags: Iyaric
Jamaica
countable
uncountable
examples: On the other side of the spectrum are the many ital restaurants that adhere to the Rastafarian dietary laws (no meat, fish or salt).
The minister declined the offer of a parley and "itals"―the term for vegetarian dishes that the Dreads favored.
Translations:
daffodil
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Variant of Middle English affodill (“ramson”), from Medieval Latin affodillus, from Latin asphodelus, from Ancient Greek ἀσφόδελος (asphódelos), of Pre-Greek origin. The initial d- is perhaps from merging of the article in Dutch de affodil, the Netherlands being a source for bulbs (compare adder, apron, newt, nickname, orange and umpire for this rebracketing process). Doublet of asphodel.
Inflected forms:
form: daffodils
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: affodill
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: daffadil
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: more daffodil
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most daffodil
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: affodill
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: daffadil
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus, with yellow flowers and a trumpet shaped corona, especially Narcissus pseudonarcissus, the national flower of Wales.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: When daffadils begin to peere, / With heigh the Doxy ouer the dale, / Why then comes in the ſweet o’ the yeere, / For the red blood raigns in yͤ winters pale.
I wandered lonely as a Cloud / That floats on high o’er Vales and Hills, / When all at once I saw a crowd / A host of dancing Daffodills; / Along the Lake, beneath the trees, / Ten thousand dancing in the breeze.
Was there ever a more beautiful name in the world than daffodil? Say it over to yourself, and then say “agapanthus” or “chrysanthemum,” or anything else you please, and tell me if the daffodils do not have it.
As us fairy folks sweep from the hill
 Never caught us and never will
 Pulling roses and daffodils
 Mayhem in the high degree.
gloss: A brilliant yellow color, like that of a daffodil.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Where ships of purple gently toss / On seas of daffodil, / Fantastic sailors mingle, / And then—the wharf is still.
gloss: Of a brilliant yellow color, like that of a daffodil.
pos: adj
Related words: daff
Derived words: bunch-flowered daffodil
checkered daffodil
daffodil telephone
hoop-petticoat daffodil
lily daffodil
Malabar daffodil orchid
paper-white daffodil
Peruvian daffodil
poet's daffodil
rush daffodil
rush-leaved daffodil
sea daffodil
wild daffodil
winter daffodil Sternbergia lutea
Translations:
capuchin
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Late 16th c., from French capuchin, from earlier capucin, from Italian cappuccino, ultimately from Late Latin cappa (“cape, hood”).
Inflected forms:
form: capuchins
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A monk in the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin; (generally) a Franciscan.
pos: noun
examples: “That is something,” said the capuchin, “but not the most essential. Are you certain that he is a Christian?”
gloss: A garment consisting of a cloak and hood, made in imitation of the dress of Capuchin monks.
pos: noun
examples: Of Ermine is his doublet — / His Capuchin gay —
gloss: A capuchin monkey.
pos: noun
gloss: A hooded pigeon.
pos: noun
Related words: cappuccino
Derived words: capuchinbird
Panamanian white-faced capuchin
tufted capuchin
white-faced capuchin monkey
Translations:
chaffinch
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English chaffynch, chaffynche, caffynche, equivalent to chaff + finch. However, more recently the first element has been argued to derive from the same root as Old English cæfed (“ornamented”) and cæfing (“hair-ornament”), thus meaning "ornamented finch, colourful finch".
Compound parts: chaff
finch
Inflected forms:
form: chaffinches
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A small passerine bird, Fringilla coelebs, of the finch family, found throughout Europe and eastward to Iran and eastern Mediterranean coastlands.
pos: noun
Translations:
crustacean
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From taxonomic name Crustacea + -an.
Affixes: -an
Inflected forms:
form: crustaceans
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: more crustacean
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most crustacean
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Any arthropod of the subphylum Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimp, barnacles and woodlice.
pos: noun
gloss: Any arthropod of the clade Pancrustacea, which includes hexapods in addition to traditional crustaceans.
pos: noun
gloss: Of, relating to, or characteristic of the subphylum Crustacea.
pos: adj
examples: In cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries he made several motion pictures of crustacean life.
It is feared that any major change in its chemistry will render many of these species extinct. Likewise, if the temperature is raised by factory discharge, predators now kept out of the lake by its frigidity will invade and annihilate many of the hundreds of crustacean varieties peculiar to its waters.
Judging from the graphic evidence of crustacean carnage all around, it's a safe guess as to who's ahead in the ancient battle between hardshell and Homo sapiens.
Synonyms: crustacean
Related words: crustacea
crustaceology
:Category:Crustaceans
Derived words: macrocrustacean
microcrustacean
noncrustacean
Rustacean
Translations:
humanism
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From human + -ism, borrowed from German Humanismus, coined by Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer in 1808.
Base: human
Affixes: -ism
Inflected forms:
form: humanisms
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The study of the humanities or the liberal arts; literary (especially classical) scholarship.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
gloss: Specifically, a cultural and intellectual movement in 14th-16th century Europe characterised by attention to classical culture and a promotion of vernacular texts, notably during the Renaissance.
pos: noun
tags: capitalized
historical
often
uncountable
usually
examples: There were good reasons for humanism and the Renaissance to take their origins from fourteenth-century Italy.
gloss: An ethical system that centers on humans and their values, needs, interests, abilities, dignity and freedom; especially used for a secular one which rejects theistic religion and superstition.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: The idea of a universal human nature brings us to a third theme, humanism. The thinkers of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment saw an urgent need for a secular foundation for morality, because they were haunted by a historical memory of centuries of religious carnage: the Crusades, the Inquisition, witch hunts, the European wars of religion. They laid that foundation in what we now call humanism, which privileges the well-being of individual men, women, and children over the glory of the tribe, race, nation, or religion. It is individuals, not groups, who are sentient—who feel pleasure and pain, fulfillment and anguish. Whether it is framed as the goal of providing the greatest happiness for the greatest number or as a categorical imperative to treat people as ends rather than means, it was the universal capacity of a person to suffer and flourish, they said, that called on our moral concern.
gloss: Humanitarianism.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Near-synonyms: solidarity, philanthropy, generosity
Related words: posthumanism
transhumanism
Age of Reason
Enlightenment
Derived words: antihumanism
humanist
humanistic
neohumanism
New Humanism
religious humanism
Translations:
brassard
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from French brassard, from bras (“arm”). The form brasset is attested since at least 1676 (Scots brassat is attested since 1590); brassart since at least 1736, brassard since at least 1788.
Inflected forms:
form: brassards
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: brassart
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: brasset
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An item of plate armor that protects the arm.
pos: noun
tags: historical
gloss: An insignia or band worn around the upper arm.
pos: noun
examples: Muslims found not wearing the white brassards as prescribed by the army were simply despatched on the spot.
Related words: bracciale
bracelet
bracer
Translations:
gambling
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: By surface analysis, gamble + -ing.
Inflected forms:
form: gamblings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An activity characterized by a balance between winning and losing that is governed by a mixture of skill and chance, usually with money wagered on the outcome.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: He lost a fortune through gambling at casinos.
Online gambling has become a global industry.
Translations:
backgammon
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: backgammon
games
Etymology: Probably from back + Middle English gamen, from Old English gamen (“amusement, game”).
Inflected forms:
form: backgammons
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: backgammons
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: backgammoning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: backgammoned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: backgammoned
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A board game for two players in which each has 15 stones which move between 24 triangular points according to the roll of a pair of dice; the object is to move all of one's pieces around, and bear them off the board.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: "I have borrowed Mrs. Palmer's backgammon-board," said Isabella, whose notion of an elderly gentleman's amusements of an evening was derived from what she had seen Mr. Palmer do.
gloss: A victory in the game when the loser has not borne off a stone, and still has one or more stones in the winner's inner home row or on the bar.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To win at a backgammon game with the opponent having one or more pieces in the winner’s inner home row or on the bar.
pos: verb
Related words: gammon
tick-tack
tric-trac
trick-track
Derived words: Dutch backgammon
Russian backgammon
Translations:
eminence
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: anatomy
geography
geology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Old French eminence, from Latin ēminentia (“prominence”, “protuberance”; “eminence”, “excellence”).
Inflected forms:
form: eminences
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Someone of high rank, reputation or social status.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The quality or state of being eminent.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Prominence in a particular order or accumulation; esteem.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: An elevated land area or a hill.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: From the summit of an eminence I had already had a distant view of Osbaldistone Hall, a large and antiquated edifice, peeping out from a Druidical grove of huge oaks [...].
We stopped for a moment at the golf course to chat with members of the Consular staff, and then drove on to the Consulate, which was set upon an eminence, above evidences of landscape-gardening; a sweep of lawns, with coarse, whitened grass; flower-beds in which larkspur and nasturtiums fought against desperate odds.
gloss: A protuberance.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A dark purple color.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: For quotations using this term, see Citations:eminence.
Synonyms: distinction
prominence
renown
celebrity
Antonyms: obscurity
mediocrity
Derived words: eminectomy
eminence grise
Eminence
title of honor for a Roman Catholic cardinal
frontal eminence
gray eminence
grey eminence
hypothenar eminence
ileocecal eminence
median eminence
preeminence
Translations:
dichromatic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
engineering
medicine
natural-sciences
optics
pathology
physical-sciences
physics
sciences
zoology
Etymology: From di- + Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”) + -ic.
Affixes: di-
Inflected forms:
form: more dichromatic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most dichromatic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: having two colors.
pos: adj
gloss: having a form of colorblindness in which only two of the three primary colors can be distinguished
pos: adj
gloss: having two independent channels for conveying color information in the eye.
pos: adj
gloss: occurring or existing in two different ornamentations or colors, typically as a form of sexual dimorphism.
pos: adj
gloss: having two hues, either of which may be visible depending on both the concentration of the absorbing substance and the depth or thickness of the medium traversed, such as in pumpkin seed oil. A form of polychromatism.
pos: adj
gloss: exhibiting dichroism; dichroic.
pos: adj
Synonyms: heterochromatic
heterochromic
Related words: bichromatic
dichromacy
dichromat
Derived words: dichromatically
Translations:
lang: French
word: dichromatique
lang: Swedish
word: dikromatisk
refined
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: business
finance
Inflected forms:
form: more refined
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most refined
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: refineds
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Precise, freed from imprecision
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
gloss: Precise, freed from imprecision
pos: adj
examples: The argument, while not persuasive, is quite refined.
gloss: Precise, freed from imprecision
pos: adj
examples: The curriculum has been carefully refined to meet the needs of foreign students.
gloss: Cultured, freed from vulgarity
pos: adj
examples: In the British Isles, Oxbridge is considered refined; Geordie somewhat less so.
gloss: Cultured, freed from vulgarity
pos: adj
examples: Don Draper was a man of refined tastes.
"Jesus Christ! Was my folks refined. My mam she wouldn't think-a lettin' us young'uns call a pee pot a pee pot. A chamber's what she called it... And by God! Us young'uns had ter call the pee pot a chamber or git our God damn necks wrang."
gloss: Purified, reduced in or freed from impurities
pos: adj
examples: Under current guidelines, refined sugar must be at least five times purer than its raw counterpart.
gloss: Purified, reduced in or freed from impurities
pos: adj
examples: The Temple at Jerusalem preferred Tyrian shekels, since even with Ba'al's portrait they bore highly refined silver.
gloss: Purified, reduced in or freed from impurities
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
gloss: Dealing in a refined product such as sugar or petroleum.
pos: adj
gloss: The refined form of a commodity, as opposed to its raw or generic form.
pos: noun
examples: We're still purchasing copper ore, but the market for refined is weaker.
Derived words: biorefined
refinedly
refinedness
refined sugar
semirefined
superrefined
ultrarefined
unrefined
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: изи́скан
roman: izískan
lang: Bulgarian
word: изтънчен
roman: iztǎnčen
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 斯文
roman: sīwén
lang: Dutch
word: verfijnd
lang: Finnish
word: hienostunut
lang: Russian
word: изы́сканный
roman: izýskannyj
lang: Bulgarian
word: пречистен
roman: prečisten
lang: Bulgarian
word: рафиниран
roman: rafiniran
lang: Catalan
word: refinat
lang: German
word: raffiniert
lang: German
word: verfeinert
lang: German
word: gereinigt
lang: Hungarian
word: finomított
lang: Hungarian
word: rafinált
lang: Manx
word: aaheelit
lang: Māori
word: parakore
lang: Russian
word: очи́щенный
roman: očíščennyj
lang: Turkish
word: rafine
refinery
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-der.
Old French re-bor.
Middle English re-
English re-
English fine
English refine
Middle English -re,-ri,-rie,-ry,-rye
English -ry
English refinery
From refine + -ry.
Inflected forms:
form: refineries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A building, or a mass of machinery, used to produce refined products such as sugar, oil, or metals.
pos: noun
examples: An oil field was discovered at Karamai in 1955, the first of a number to be found in Dzungaria. This oil find has greatly helped China’s industrial development, and the oil fields are now linked to Lanchow by pipeline and by rail. Large refineries have been built at Lanchow and at Tushantzu in Dzungaria.
Pipeable products may be moved from refinery centers to demand zones by truck, barge, intercoastal tanker or pipeline.
On orders from Beijing, state-controlled enterprises have dismantled Baotou refineries and rebuilt them at an enormous mining complex at Bayan Obo in the Gobi Desert, which mines about half the world’s rare earths.
Hsu’s division is responsible for CPC’s two main facilities, the oil refinery in Kaohsiung’s Siaogang District (小港) and the refinery in Taoyuan’s Gueishan District (龜山), which together process 600,000 barrels of crude oil per day, a report released last year by CPC said.
Translations:
photoblog
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From photo + blog.
Compound parts: photo
blog
Inflected forms:
form: photoblogs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A type of blog designed primarily to showcase photographs.
pos: noun
Translations:
gnarly
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From gnarl (“knot in wood”) + -y. The slang senses were particularly popularized by US surf culture in the 1970s.
Base: gnarl
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: gnarlier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: gnarliest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Having or characterized by gnarls; gnarled.
pos: adj
examples: Out of one window I can see the garden, those mysterious deep-shaded arbors, the riotous old-fashioned flowers, and bushes and gnarly trees.
gloss: Excellent; attractive.
pos: adj
tags: dated
slang
examples: There ain't nothing gnarlier (apparently) than slapping on some brightly coloured sunblock to ward off the blinding spectre of dangerous, snow-reflected sunlight.
gloss: Dangerous; difficult.
pos: adj
tags: US
dated
slang
examples: a gnarly problem
When the swell struck, the North Shore got gnarly, and the wise ones hit the outer islands where the energy was just as juicy but a bit more organized.
Work that makes you unhappy is what I mean by "a gnarly problem." The trouble is, the market pays for solutions to gnarly problems, not solutions to easy problems. As the Yorkshire lads say, "Where there's muck, there's brass."
gloss: Unpleasant, awful, ugly.
pos: adj
tags: US
slang
examples: We're not talking about a lame chick and a gnarly guy. We're talking about a couple of far-out dudes.
Funky Kong: 'Those Snowmads are a gnarly bunch! I hear they're enjoyin' your island. Go get 'em, DK!'
gloss: Unpleasant, awful, ugly.
pos: adj
tags: US
slang
examples: [She] displays the same love of gnarly fuzztones and shout-it-out-loud choruses that began back in her daze^([sic]) with local all-girl rockers the Runaways.
Synonyms: cool
rad
wicked
dreadful
nasty
awful
Derived words: gnarliness
gnarlsome
Translations:
laid-back
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From U.S. slang. The verbal phrase lay back is attested from the late 1950s, whereas the adjectival form emerged in print in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Presumably originally a metaphor—literally, “sitting in a tilted‐back chair”, a relaxed posture.
Inflected forms:
form: more laid-back
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most laid-back
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Relaxed and easy‐going; demonstrating an absence of stress or worry.
pos: adj
examples: This hit‐writer of the early 60s came out with a highly contemporary style which fitted the fashionable term ‘laid‐back’, and her Tapestry album zoomed up to become one of the three biggest‐selling LPs of all time.
The V‐2’s directional system was notoriously erratic. In May 1947, a V‐2 launched from White Sands Proving Ground headed south instead of north, missing downtown Juarez, Mexico, by 3 miles. The Mexican government’s response to the American bombing was admirably laid back. General Enrique Diaz Gonzales and Consul General Raul Michel met with United States officials, who issued apologies and an invitation to come to “the next rocket shoot” at White Sands. […]
You have to accept the deliberate unspeed of Italian timetables if you want the right to be liberated by their correspondingly laid‐back lifestyle.
Translations:
condominium
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *dem-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *dṓmder.
Proto-Italic *domanos
Latin dominus
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Italic *-ios
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin dominium
Latin condominiumbor.
English condominium
Borrowed from Latin condominium.
Inflected forms:
form: condominiums
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: condominia
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Joint sovereignty over a territory by two or more countries.
pos: noun
examples: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was a condominium ruled jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom.
The strategic location of the condominiums […] made them important for the Confederacy's territorial integrity even if they produced little revenue.
gloss: Joint sovereignty over a territory by two or more countries.
pos: noun
gloss: A building or complex of buildings that provides multiple residential units each of which is owned separately but whose grounds, structure, etc. (if any) are owned jointly.
pos: noun
tags: Canada
Philippines
US
gloss: A building or complex of buildings that provides multiple residential units each of which is owned separately but whose grounds, structure, etc. (if any) are owned jointly.
pos: noun
tags: Canada
Philippines
US
gloss: A building or complex of buildings that provides multiple residential units each of which is owned separately but whose grounds, structure, etc. (if any) are owned jointly.
pos: noun
tags: Canada
Philippines
US
Derived words: barndominium
condo-hotel
condop
dockominium
noncondominium
quadrominium
tridominium
Translations:
lang: Armenian
word: համատիրություն
roman: hamatirutʻyun
lang: Bulgarian
word: съвместно управление
roman: sǎvmestno upravlenie
lang: Bulgarian
word: кондоминиум
roman: kondominium
lang: Czech
word: kondominium
lang: Dutch
word: gemeenschappelijk bestuurd gebied of eigendom
lang: Finnish
word: yhteishallinto
lang: German
word: Kondominium
lang: Greek
word: συχκυριαρχία
roman: sychkyriarchía
lang: Indonesian
word: kondominium
lang: Japanese
word: 共同主権
roman: kyōdō shuken
lang: Malay
word: kuasa gabung
lang: Manx
word: co-hiarnys
lang: Polish
word: kondominium
umbrage
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French ombrage (“umbrage”), from Old French ombrage, from Latin umbrāticus (“in the shade”), from umbra (“shadow, shade”).
Inflected forms:
form: umbrages
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: umbrages
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: umbraging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: umbraged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: umbraged
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A feeling of anger or annoyance caused by something offensive.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Antipathy in one nation against another disposes each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and intractable when accidental or trifling occasions of dispute occur.
—He took umbrage at something or other, that muchinjured but on the whole eventempered person declared, I let slip.
She looked very neurotic, moving in a jerky way, her body giving little twitches of habitual umbrage.
If she knew [a psychiatrist was] observing her son with a view to finding out if he was foggy between the ears, there would be umbrage on her part, or even dudgeon.
When the call is over, Cooper thanks her — for leashing the dog, but for also endangering him, for living down to herself, for quite a performance of umbrage.
The president [Mr. Nixon] took umbrage at [The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour's] jokes about him and an unpopular war.
gloss: A feeling of doubt.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Leaves that provide shade, as the foliage of trees.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: It was a relief to change the cheerful meadow for the dark umbrage of the forest which they now entered.
The handsome dark-eyed boy is Master George Talboys, who declines musa at Eton, and fishes for tadpoles in the clear water under the spreading umbrage beyond the ivied walls of the academy.
gloss: Shadow; shade.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
examples: […] but in the verity of extolment I take him to be a soul of great article and his infusion of such dearth and rareness as, to make true diction of him, his semblable in his mirror, and who else would trace him, his umbrage, nothing more.
gloss: To displease or cause offense.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To shade.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: take umbrage
umbrageous
Translations:
off-the-wall
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Perhaps from baseball or other games played with a ball, alluding to unpredictable bounces; but compare also bounce off the walls.
Inflected forms:
form: more off-the-wall
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most off-the-wall
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: off the wall
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Wildly unconventional; bizarre; absurd.
pos: adj
tags: idiomatic
examples: What kind of a harebrained, off-the-wall idea is that?
She is a very off-the-wall character.
What makes it surprising, though, are the glimmers of wit and self-awareness beneath all the rap star swagger and over-the-top confrontations. Even the fervid finale had a few off-the-wall side jokes.
gloss: Of a person's behaviour: greatly inappropriate.
pos: adj
tags: idiomatic
examples: All of their friends were amazed that they were familiar with a war hero. Some began to understand Chips' moods and drinking. His "off the wall" behaviour at times. And unknowingly they were "forgiving" him.
Related words: bounce off the walls
Translations:
promoter
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
chemistry
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Italic *pro-
Latin prō-
Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *moweō
Latin moveō
Latin prōmoveō
Latin prōmōtusbor.
English promote
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English promoter
From promote + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: promoters
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One who promotes.
pos: noun
examples: The very language we use to symbolize reality is both product and promoter of the repressive reality of our present consciousness.
a promoter of seditious ideas
gloss: One who promotes.
pos: noun
examples: a music promoter
events promoter
gloss: The section of DNA that controls the initiation of RNA transcription as a product of a gene.
pos: noun
gloss: An accelerator of catalysis that is not itself a catalyst.
pos: noun
Derived words: copromoter
promoterless
promoterome
promotress
stock promoter
Translations:
lang: Arabic
word: مُرَوِّج
roman: murawwij
lang: Catalan
word: promotor
lang: Catalan
word: promotora
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 啟動子 /启动子
roman: qǐdòngzǐ
lang: Czech
word: propagátor
lang: Finnish
word: promoottori
lang: French
word: promoteur
lang: French
word: promotrice
lang: German
word: Promoter
lang: Latin
word: firmātor
lang: Romanian
word: promotor
lang: Russian
word: промо́утер
roman: promóutɛr
lang: Spanish
word: promotor
lang: Spanish
word: impulsor
lang: Swahili
word: promota
lang: Swedish
word: promotor
lang: Swedish
word: förbättrare
lang: Swedish
word: stödjare
lang: Swedish
word: stöttepelare
lang: Swedish
word: främjare
lang: Ukrainian
word: промо́утер
roman: promóuter
lang: Welsh
word: hyrwyddwr
excite
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: From Middle English exciten, from Old French exciter, from Latin excitō (“to call out, call forth, arouse, wake up, stimulate”), frequentative of excieō (“to call out, arouse, excite”), from ex (“out”) + cieō (“to call, summon”). See cite and compare to accite, concite, incite.
Inflected forms:
form: excites
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: exciting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: excited
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: excited
pos: verb
tags: past
form: no-table-tags
pos: verb
tags: table-tags
form: glossary
pos: verb
tags: inflection-template
form: excite
pos: verb
tags: infinitive
form: excite
pos: verb
tags: first-person
present
singular
form: excited
pos: verb
tags: first-person
past
singular
form: excite
pos: verb
tags: present
second-person
singular
form: excitest
pos: verb
tags: archaic
present
second-person
singular
form: excited
pos: verb
tags: past
second-person
singular
form: excitedst
pos: verb
tags: archaic
past
second-person
singular
form: excites
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: exciteth
pos: verb
tags: archaic
present
singular
third-person
form: excited
pos: verb
tags: past
singular
third-person
form: excite
pos: verb
tags: plural
present
form: excited
pos: verb
tags: past
plural
form: excite
pos: verb
tags: present
subjunctive
form: excited
pos: verb
tags: past
subjunctive
form: excite
pos: verb
tags: imperative
present
form: -
pos: verb
tags: imperative
past
form: exciting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: excited
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
Senses:
gloss: To stir the emotions of; to cause to feel excitement.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The fireworks which opened the festivities excited anyone present.
gloss: To arouse or bring out (e.g. feelings); to stimulate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Favoritism tends to excite jealousy in the ones not being favored.
The political reforms excited unrest among the population.
Smugglers operating secretly so as not to excite suspicion.
[S]he assured them […] that they had better follow her to a place of safety. They were at length excited, by her mere importunance to leave the room, and soon after the house.
[S]eint Poul seith and to the Romayns he hath writen that bi heeringe of swich ringinge men haven the feith perfytliche so that he putte not the ringinge in the scrippe but it exiteth the memorie in what manere men shulden bileeue
gloss: To cause an electron to move to a higher than normal state; to promote an electron to an outer level.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: By applying electric potential to the neon atoms, the electrons become excited, then emit a photon when returning to normal.
gloss: To energize (an electromagnet); to produce a magnetic field in.
pos: verb
examples: to excite a dynamo
Related words: excitement
excitation
Derived words: deexcite
excitability
excitable
excitative
exciteful
excitive
exciton
excitosome
excitron
overexcite
photoexcite
preexcite
self-excite
sexcite
superexcite
Translations:
mumps
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: Circa 1600, from mump (“grimace”, noun), compare mump (verb), most likely referring to the painful difficulty in swallowing.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: A contagious disease caused by the Mumps virus of the genus Rubulavirus, mostly occurring in childhood, which causes swelling of glands in the face and neck.
pos: noun
tags: plural
plural-only
examples: At issue is the so-called MMR vaccine, which immunizes children against measles, mumps and rubella, three potentially deadly diseases that were once common and have been mostly wiped out.
gloss: A gloomy or sullen silence.
pos: noun
tags: dated
plural
plural-only
Derived words: antimumps
mumpish
Translations:
misfit
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mey-?
Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.
Proto-Germanic *missaz
Proto-Germanic *missa-
Proto-West Germanic *missa-
Old English mis-
Middle English mys-
English mis-
English fit
English misfit
From mis- + fit.
Inflected forms:
form: misfits
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: misfits
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: misfitting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: misfitted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: misfitted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: An ill-fitting garment.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
examples: Mr Toots’s legs shake under him; and though he is splendidly dressed, he feels misfits, and sees wrinkles, in the masterpieces of Burgess and Co., and wishes he had put on that brightest pair of boots.
gloss: A failure to fit well; unsuitability, disparity.
pos: noun
examples: And the fact that Christianity's Jesus is the resurrected Christ makes a vital point about the misfit between the Jesus whose teachings we have excavated and the Church which came after him.
gloss: A badly adjusted person; someone unsuitable or set apart because of their habits, behaviour etc.
pos: noun
examples: Do you ever feel like a misfit?
Everything inside you is dark and twisted
Oh, but it's okay to be different
'Cause baby, so am I
Just to be on the safe side, the Kremlin has also banned any of Putin's serious critics from standing. Three unelectable misfits have been allowed to mount token challenges.
She was very unhappy in Iraq and a misfit in the Army.
The MBA was a misfit when stuck in a meeting with the programmers.
gloss: To fit badly.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
transitive
examples: His suit was misfitted and looked awkward.
Synonyms: maverick
Derived words: misfitdom
misfit stream
Translations:
proposition
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English proposicioun, from Old French proposicion, from Latin prōpositiō, from the verb prōponō.
Inflected forms:
form: propositions
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: propositioning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: propositioned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: propositioned
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To make an offer or suggestion to (someone).
pos: verb
tags: informal
transitive
examples: The Superintendent of the facility tried to proposition with me that if I snitched to the guards and would work with him, then he would put my friend and me back together again.
gloss: To make an offer or suggestion to (someone).
pos: verb
tags: informal
transitive
examples: Yiannopoulos started releasing video interviews and other evidence meant to prove that [Ali] Alexander sexually propositioned both adult men in their 20s and at least two teenagers.
Synonyms: make a pass
Related words: propose
Translations:
lang: Finnish
word: ehdottaa
lang: Latin
word: prōpositō
upward
Part of speech: adv
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Old English upweardes, equivalent to up + -ward.
Base: up
Affixes: -ward
Inflected forms:
form: more upward
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most upward
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: In a direction from lower to higher; toward a higher place; in a course toward the source or origin.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: We ran upward.
Looking inward, we are stricken dumb; looking upward, we speak and prevail.
If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.
gloss: In the upper parts; above.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: Dagon his name, sea monster, upward man, / And downward fish.
gloss: Yet more; indefinitely more; above; over.
pos: adv
tags: not-comparable
examples: From twenty years old and upward.
gloss: Directed toward a higher place.
pos: adj
examples: with upward eye; with upward course
[…] economists should focus on efficiency and leave equity to others, to politicians or administrators. But the others regularly fail to materialize, so that when efficiency comes with upward redistribution—frequently though not inevitably—our recommendations become little more than a license for plunder.
Synonyms: cloudwards
up
upwards
Antonyms: down
downwards
Derived words: fail upward
onward and upward
punch upward
upward compatible
upward-facing dog
upward lightning
upward mobility
upward of
upwards of
upward spiral
Translations:
villa
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian villa, from Latin vīlla (“country house”). Doublet of vill and ville.
Inflected forms:
form: villas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A house, often larger and more expensive than average, in the countryside or on the coast, often used as a retreat.
pos: noun
examples: This villa was long and low and white, and severe after its manner : for upon and about it were none of those playful ebullitions of taste, such as conical towers, domed roofs, embattlements, statues, coloured tiles and crenellations, such as are dear to architects of villas all the world over.
gloss: A family house, often semi-detached in Victorian or Edwardian style, in a middle class street.
pos: noun
tags: UK
examples: They were just ordinary suburban children, and they lived with their Father and Mother in an ordinary red-brick-fronted villa, with coloured glass in the front door, a tiled passage that was called a hall, a bath-room with hot and cold water, electric bells, French windows, and a good deal of white paint, and 'every modern convenience', as the house-agents say.
gloss: One’s village or ancestral homeland.
pos: noun
tags: Nigeria
slang
Related words: dacha
Derived words: Lake Villa
Villa Grove
Translations: