yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
jerky
Part of speech: adj
noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English jerk
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English jerky
From jerk + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: jerkier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: jerkiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: jerkies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: xarque
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
form: jerkies
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: jerkying
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: jerkied
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: jerkied
pos: verb
tags: past
form: xarque
pos: verb
tags: alternative
archaic
Senses:
gloss: Characterized by physical jerking, or by sudden and uneven progress.
pos: adj
examples: jerky flight
jerky movement
jerky sounds
gloss: Having the behavior of a jerk (unpleasant person).
pos: adj
tags: US
examples: jerky guy
jerky behaviour
gloss: Anxious; jumpy.
pos: adj
tags: colloquial
dated
examples: Marrabel found an ideal crevice for his loot: tight, hidden, accessible. […] His only desire was to recover the coin and get away. But the lady seemed set here, and Marrabel, ignorant of her intentions, made his first bad move. He claimed the chair, fully expecting to be given it at once. […] In strictly feminine terms she told him to go to the devil, and Marrabel, now beginning to feel jerky, veered off.
gloss: Lean meat cured and preserved by cutting into thin strips and air-drying in the sun.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To cure and preserve (meat) by drying it, making jerky.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: herky-jerky
jerkily
jerkiness
knee-jerky
Translations:
Inca
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish inca, from Classical Quechua inka (“emperor”).
Inflected forms:
form: Incas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: Inca
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest.
pos: noun
examples: To honor the spirits that take form as mountains, the Inca stoneworkers carved rock outcrops to replicate their shapes.
Archaeologists say the Incas, brought down by the Spanish conquest, used khipus – strands of woolen cords made from the hair of animals like llamas or alpacas – as an alternative to writing.
Translations:
puma
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Quechuan *puma
Quechua pumabor.
Spanish pumabor.
English puma
Borrowed from Spanish puma, borrowed from Quechua puma, from Proto-Quechuan *puma.
Inflected forms:
form: pumas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A mountain lion or cougar (Puma concolor).
pos: noun
gloss: Any feline belonging to the genus Puma.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
gloss: A woman in her 20s or 30s who seeks relationships with younger men; a younger cougar.
pos: noun
tags: slang
examples: “Younger can be good. How much younger?” Regina asked, inspecting the appetizer plates for any lingering bites. “I don't know,” Alexa said frowning. “Why does that matter?” “Less than eight years makes you a Puma. Over eight years makes you a Cougar,” Regina said wisely, grinning as Lauren nodded excitedly in agreement.
Derived words: pumalike
pumapard
werepuma
Translations:
quinoa
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish quinua, from Quechua kinwa.
Inflected forms:
form: quinoas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A goosefoot (Chenopodium quinoa) native to the Andes and cultivated for its edible seeds.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Chenopodium quinoa Will, (quinoa) is native to the Andes, and the seeds are a staple grain in parts of South America. The newly formed Canadian Quinoa Association anticipated growing about 400 ha of quinoa annually (Anonymous 1992e).
Quinoa was cultivated about 3,000 years ago in the Andes mountain region, and was the favored crop of the Incas, who used it as a sacred plant in rituals.
The oldest archeological remains of domesticated quinoa date to 5000 BC (Tapia 1979).
gloss: The high-protein dried fruits and seeds of this plant, used as a food staple and ground into flour.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Turn the heat up to medium-high, add the quinoa, and sprinkle with salt and pepper.
Quinoa is another of those foods that keeps getting miscategorized—everyone thinks it′s a grain, everyone uses it like a grain, but it′s actually a seed.
To use quinoa in a salad, spread it on a platter or baking sheet after cooking to allow it to cool and, more importantly, dry. Cooked quinoa can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.
Translations:
leprechaun
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: arts
folklore
history
human-sciences
literature
media
publishing
sciences
Etymology: From Irish leipreachán, luprachán, from Middle Irish luchrupán, from Old Irish luchorpán. See also Irish lucharachán.
The word's further etymology is disputed; it is traditionally explained as a compound containing lú (“small”, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-) + corp (“body”, which is from Latin corpus). However, an alternative suggestion is that it is a derivative of Latin Lupercī (“priests of Lupercus”), who were misinterpreted as an antediluvian species by medieval Irish scholars.
Base: lú
Inflected forms:
form: leprechauns
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: lepracaun
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: leprocaun
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: One of a race of elves that can reveal hidden treasure to those who catch them.
pos: noun
tags: Ireland
examples: Do you not catch the tiny clamour, / Busy click of an elfin hammer, / Voice of the leprechaun singing shrill, / As he merrily plies his trade?
gloss: An Irish person.
pos: noun
tags: ethnic
offensive
slang
slur
Derived words: aleprechaunist
leprechaunesque
leprechauness
leprechaunic
leprechaunish
leprechaunism
leprechaunology
leprechauny
leprechology
Translations:
smidgen
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Origin uncertain; possibly from smitch (“(originally Scotland, chiefly US) very small amount or quantity”) + possibly -in (a variant of -ing (suffix forming nouns denoting things considered collectively)). Smitch is possibly:
* derived from smitch (“smoke from a burning or smouldering thing; spot of dirt; blemish; dirt, grime”), a variant of smeech (“(southwest England) (dense or pungent) smoke; airborne dust”), from Middle English smeche, smek, smiche (“smoke from a burning or smouldering thing; cloud of smoke; fumes, vapour; smell”), from Old English smēc, smīc (“smoke; steam; vapour”), from Proto-West Germanic *smauki (“smoke”), related to Proto-Germanic *smeukaną (“to fume, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *smewgʰ- (“smoke”); or
* borrowed from Scots smitch (“smudge, stain; blemish; very small amount, speck, trace; small insignificant person”), possibly a variant of English smutch (“dirty mark, smudge, stain; dirt, grime; slight indication”) (probably related to smudge, ultimate etymology unknown) and influenced by English smit (“(UK, dialectal) a stain”).
Inflected forms:
form: smidgens
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: smidgeon
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: smidgin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Chiefly in the form a smidgen of: a very small amount or quantity; a bit, a trace.
pos: noun
tags: informal
examples: Move it a smidgen to the right.
Would you like some more cake? ―I’ll have a smidgen.
Unkle Will says when he tould her to mind the siggering in the Crock,—she run to the Spence for a smidgen of skalded cream.
It's jest a meracle we wa'n't all blowed to smidgens, the hull b'ilin' lot of us.
He didn't look the least smidgen like our Mart Mayo, but if they was both on the track in a lyin match, whilst he might not beat old Mart, I am satisfied he would make the track devilish dusty for a few heats anyhow.
I could listen to forty million men like this candidate expound his views and it wouldn't alter me one smidgen in the belief that Carson Dwight has acted only as a true Christian would.
Aw right, you go right in and tell 'em the truth, all of it, every last smidgen.
['][T]he girl's a pill like Phyllis, who always does what Daddy tells her.' / 'No will of her own?' / 'Not a smidgeon.[']
gloss: Chiefly in the form a smidgen of a: a very small or insignificant person or thing; also, an instance of such a person or thing.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
informal
examples: In fifty years, did you ever have a vacation, you little, silly, half-pint, smidgin of a wife?
Lucille wore one of those little smidgins of hats held on by inturned combs.
Derived words: a smidgen
Translations:
smithereens
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Uncertain. The following words, all first attested later than the headword, have been compared:
* Irish smidiríní, smiodairíní (“smithereens”), from smiodar (“broken piece, fragment”) + -ín (suffix forming diminutive nouns) + -í (slender form of -aí (suffix forming plurals of some nouns)).
* smither (“fragment; atom”), which would be suffixed with -een (forming diminutive nouns in Irish English).
* Hiberno-English (Wexford) smaddereen, a variant of smattering (“small amount or number of something; shallow or superficial knowledge of a subject”).
* Hiberno-English (Wexford) smithered, smashed
Inflected forms:
form: smithereen
pos: noun
tags: rare
singular
Senses:
gloss: Fragments or splintered pieces; numerous tiny disconnected items.
pos: noun
tags: informal
plural
plural-only
examples: The urn shattered into smithereens the moment it hit the ground.
When the waiter dropped the platter, one smithereen struck him above the knee, and the four remaining smithereens scattered across the floor.
The world's smallest violin / Really needs an audience / So if I do not find somebody soon (That's right, that's right) / I'll blow up into smithereens
However, something once happened on the railway there which showed the very best of mankind: heroism, duty, self-sacrifice and calm professionalism under terrible pressure. It is a story which gives us far, far better reasons for remembering this attractive little town, which without these heroes would have been blown to smithereens in a gigantic explosion. (Two railwaymen lost their lives in 1944 when a wagon in an ammunition train caught fire and blew up, an even worse disaster was averted however.)
Translations:
kink
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English kinken, kynken, from Old English *cincian (attested in cincung), from Proto-West Germanic *kinkōn, from Proto-Germanic *kinkōną (“to laugh”), from Proto-Indo-European *gang- (“to mock, jeer, deride”), related to Old English canc (“jeering, scorn, derision”). Cognate with Dutch kinken (“to kink, cough”).
Inflected forms:
form: kinks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: kinking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: kinked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: kinked
pos: verb
tags: past
form: chink
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To laugh loudly.
pos: verb
gloss: To gasp for breath as in a severe fit of coughing.
pos: verb
Translations:
moped
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Borrowed from Swedish moped.
Inflected forms:
form: mopeds
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: mo-ped
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: more moped
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most moped
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: A lightweight, two-wheeled vehicle equipped with a small motor and pedals, designed to go no faster than some specified speed limit.
pos: noun
examples: He took his moped into work.
gloss: Melancholic, dejected.
pos: adj
examples: it so far troubles them, that they become quite moped many times, and so disheartened, dejected, they dare not come abroad[…]
Translations:
ombudsman
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman (equivalent to ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man), from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Inflected forms:
form: ombudsmen
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.
pos: noun
examples: "All the Nordic ombudsmen have the same view: that circumcision of boys should not be done until the boy is old enough to decide himself if is something he wants to do,” Anne Lindboe, Norway's Ombudsman for Children, told DW.
The ombudsman found that youth living at El Pueblo remained under the care and supervision of staff who had been accused of abusing them. In one case, a youth was reportedly dragged across the carpet by two staff members, resulting in rugburns on his face.
gloss: A designated internal mediator in an organization whose duty is to assist members with conflict resolution and other problems and to serve as an independent consultant to recommend changes to policies or procedures to improve organization effectiveness, efficiency, and humaneness.
pos: noun
Related words: umboth
Derived words: ombud
ombuds
ombudsmanry
ombudsmanship
ombudsperson
ombudswoman
Translations:
scuffle
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Possibly of North Germanic/Scandinavian origin; compare Swedish skuff (“a push”) and skuffa (“to push”), from the Proto-Germanic base *skuf- (skuƀ), from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-, see also Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”), Polish skubać (“to pluck”), Albanian humb (“to lose”).
Inflected forms:
form: scuffles
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: scuffles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: scuffling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: scuffled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: scuffled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A rough, disorderly fight or struggle at close quarters.
pos: noun
examples: The Dog leaps upon the Serpent, and Tears it to Pieces; but in the Scuffle the Cradle happen'd to be Overturn'd: […]
It appears the Company had received news that one of their captains had been killed in a scuffle with the natives.
Fights ensued as many England supporters attempted to retreat before some stewards moved in. Intermittent scuffles continued to break out until the section of the crowd where the trouble started was vacated.
gloss: Poverty; struggle.
pos: noun
tags: slang
examples: But even on the scuffle / The cleaner's press was in my jeans
gloss: A child's pinafore or bib.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
gloss: To fight or struggle confusedly at close quarters.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Certainly a gallant man had rather fight to great diſadvantages for number and place in the field in an orderly way, then ſcuffle with an undiſciplined rabble.
gloss: To walk with a shuffling gait.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: But shiftings and readjustments ensued, as they are sure to do with a walking-party. Cope presently found himself scuffling through the thin grass and the briery thickets alongside the young business-man.
gloss: To make a living with difficulty, getting by on a low income, to struggle financially.
pos: verb
tags: slang
examples: Once a good friend of mine, a fine hoofer who was having trouble getting bookings, ran up to that tree, gave it a big smack, and yelled “Lawd please make me a pimp, any kind of a pimp, long as I’m pimpin’. I’m tired of scufflin’ and my feet are too long outa work.”
Derived words: scuffle hunter
scuffly
scuffler
Translations:
sprint
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
software
Etymology: Alteration of earlier sprent (“to leap; bound; dart”), from Northern Middle English sprenten, from Old Norse *sprenta (for later spretta), from Proto-Germanic *sprantijaną, causative of Proto-Germanic *sprintaną (“to jump up; bounce”), from Proto-Indo-European *sprend-, *sprendʰ- (“to flinch; jump”), from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to twitch; fidget; flinch; jump; be quick”). Cognate with Middle High German sprenzen (“to sprinkle; splash”), Swedish spritta (“to startle”), Icelandic spretta (“to spring forth; emerge; arise; develop”).
Inflected forms:
form: sprints
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: sprunt
pos: noun
tags: alternative
dialectal
form: sprints
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: sprinting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: sprinted
pos: verb
tags: past
form: sprant
pos: verb
tags: humorous
nonstandard
past
form: sprinted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: sprant
pos: verb
tags: humorous
nonstandard
participle
past
form: sprunt
pos: verb
tags: humorous
nonstandard
participle
past
form: sprunt
pos: verb
tags: alternative
dialectal
Senses:
gloss: A short race at top speed.
pos: noun
gloss: A burst of speed or activity.
pos: noun
gloss: In Agile software development, a period of development of a fixed time that is preceded and followed by meetings.
pos: noun
gloss: To run, cycle, etc. at top speed for a short period.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: "So I broke away early this mornin', gave my guard a kick in the tummy that laid him out, and sprinted for the camp.
Translations:
wicker
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English wiker, cognate with Swedish vikker (“willow”), Old Norse veikr (“weak”), English weak.
Inflected forms:
form: wickers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A flexible branch or twig of a plant such as willow, used in weaving baskets and furniture.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Wickerwork.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: wicker basket    wicker cradle
Then quick did dress / His half milk up for cheese, and in a press / Of wicker pressed it.
gloss: Made of wickerwork.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: There were many wooden chairs for the bulk of his visitors, and two wicker armchairs with red cloth cushions for superior people. From the packing-cases had emerged some Indian clubs,[…], and all these articles[…] made a scattered and untidy decoration that Mrs. Clough assiduously dusted and greatly cherished.
He rose to light my cigarette, then sank back into his wicker chair contentedly. The tea was weak, but not cold, thanks to the hot-plate.
Related words: basket
cradle
rattan
Derived words: rewicker
wick
wicker man
wickerwork
Translations:
lai
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English lai, lay, from Old French lai (“song, lyric, poem”), from Old Frankish *laik, *laih (“play, melody, song”), from Proto-Germanic *laikaz, *laikiz (“jump, play, dance, hymn”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“to jump, spring, play”). Akin to Old High German leih (“a play, skit, melody, song”), Middle High German leich (“piece of music, epic song played on a harp”), Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks, “a dance”), Old English lācan (“to move quickly, fence, sing”). More at lake.
Inflected forms:
form: lais
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: lay
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A mostly North European medieval form of lyrical, narrative poem written in octosyllabic couplets that often deals with tales of adventure and romance, with stanzas that do not repeat.
pos: noun
tags: historical
Translations:
shore
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English schore, from Old English *sċora (attested as sċor- in placenames), from Proto-Germanic *skurô (“rugged rock, cliff, high rocky shore”). Possibly related to Old English sċieran (“to cut”), which survives today as English shear.
Cognate with Middle Dutch scorre (“land washed by the sea”), Middle Low German schor (“shore, coast, headland”), Middle High German schorre ("rocky crag, high rocky shore"; > German Schorre, Schorren (“towering rock, crag”)), and Limburgish sjaor (“riverbank”). Maybe connected with Norwegian Bokmål skjær.
Inflected forms:
form: shores
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Land adjoining a non-flowing body of water, such as an ocean, lake or pond.
pos: noun
examples: lake shore; bay shore; gulf shore; island shore; mainland shore; river shore; estuary shore; pond shore; sandy shore; rocky shore
the fruitful shore of muddy Nile
Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges[…]: or anon we shot into a clearing, with a colored glimpse of the lake and its curving shore far below us.
Floods in the middle Yangtse were frequent in the past. The Yangtse carries less silt than the Yellow River. But under the old regimes, the Chingkiang section (the section of the middle Yangtse between Chihchiang County in Hupeh Province and Chenglingchi in Hunan Province), the shores of the Tungting Lake and the lower reaches of the Han Shui were frequently flooded, causing great damage to the vast plain of Hupeh and Hunan.
gloss: Land, usually near a port.
pos: noun
examples: The seamen were serving on shore instead of on ships.
The passengers signed up for shore tours.
Related words: longshoreman
shorage
Translations:
scrum
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: ball-games
computing
engineering
games
hobbies
lifestyle
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
rugby
sciences
software
sports
Etymology: Either a back-formation from or an apocopic form of scrummage, a variant of scrimmage.
Inflected forms:
form: scrums
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: scrums
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: scrumming
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: scrummed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: scrummed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A tightly packed and disorderly crowd of people.
pos: noun
examples: A scrum developed around the bar when free beer was announced.
gloss: A tightly packed group of reporters surrounding a person, usually a politician, asking for comments about an issue; an opportunity provided for a politician to be approached this way.
pos: noun
tags: Canada
examples: A scrum formed around Scott Brison in the House of Commons lobby shortly after he announced his candidacy for the federal Liberal leadership.
gloss: In rugby union or rugby league, all the forwards joined together in an organised way.
pos: noun
gloss: In agile software development (specifically Scrum or related methodologies), a daily meeting in which each developer describes what they have been doing, what they plan to do next, and any impediments to progress.
pos: noun
gloss: Hostile shoving between two groups.
pos: noun
examples: [A] group of far-right lawmakers tried to mark Jerusalem Day by forcing their way into the street inhabited by the Palestinians listed for eviction. A group of leftist and Arab lawmakers blocked their path, setting off a brief scrum, before at least one far-right lawmaker ... broke through the Arabs' lines.
gloss: To form a scrum.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Related words: maul
ruck
Derived words: loose scrum
scrum cap
scrum feed
scrum-half
scrum machine
scrum poker
Translations:
alta
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Rose bengal dye worn by Indian women on the feet during festivals.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Translations:
licit
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: law
Etymology: From Latin licitus (“lawful”), perfect participle of licet (“[it] is permitted”, impersonal verb).
Inflected forms:
form: more licit
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most licit
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Not forbidden by formal or informal rules.
pos: adj
examples: Undated, Pope Honorius III Solet Annuere (anonymous translator),
Let it not be in any way licit to anyone among men to infringe this page of our confirmation, or to contravene it with rash daring.
You seem to have been very much offended because your father talks a little sculduddery after dinner, which it is perfectly licit for him to do, and which (although I am not very fond of it myself) appears to be entirely an affair of taste.
[T]he vanity of efforts to deter humanity from following this licit and highly profitable mobility, clearly indicate the limits of their [leaders'] power.
gloss: Explicitly established or constituted by law.
pos: adj
examples: The contract validly made and consummated is dissolved by death alone. However, the Church must determine what is required for a valid and licit marriage contract.
Derived words: licitly
licitness
Translations:
orca
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin orca (“tun, cask; whale”), see there for more. Although the origin is obscure, the sometimes-cited association with orcus (“underworld”) is folk-etymology. Doublet of orc.
Inflected forms:
form: orcas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: orca
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A sea mammal (Orcinus orca) related to dolphins and porpoises, commonly called the killer whale.
pos: noun
examples: In the summer, when the weather is calm and beautiful, large flocks of orcæ can be seen approaching the shallow places near the shore, or between the numerous islands of the White Sea. Several fishermen associate for hunting orcæ, each one furnishing a boat, and a large seine made of cords of the thickness of a finger, the meshes being 10½ inches square.
Translations:
jihad
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: Islam
lifestyle
religion
theology
Etymology: Etymology tree
Arabic جِهَاد (jihād)bor.
English jihad
Borrowed from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).
Inflected forms:
form: jihads
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: jehad
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: jihads
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: jihading
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: jihaded
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: jihaded
pos: verb
tags: past
form: jehad
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A holy war undertaken by Muslims.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Young Iraqis of both sects obeyed the imams' ruling last week by rushing to conscription offices in hot, dirty, dusty Bagdad to offer themselves or their money for the jihad.
Small groups of killers, the scent of blood in their nostrils, now fanned out by taxi, bicycle or even on horseback into the surrounding countryside, spreading the word that a general jihad, or ‘holy war’, had broken out.
Still other officials say the mayhem may be partly a result of a vicious rivalry between two Qaeda subcommanders in Mali, Mokhtar Belmokhtar and Abdelhamid Abu Zeid, a clash that underscores the kind of autonomous jihad cells that counterterrorism officials say are particularly hard to combat.
The Jabhat al-Nusra media, with songs about jihad and martyrdom, is extremely influential.
gloss: A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: As a result, Amirull has renounced his radical beliefs in armed jihad and the use of violence. He now sees jihad as caring for his parents, improving himself, and contributing to society.
gloss: An aggressive campaign for an idea.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
uncountable
examples: And now, the prophecy. One will come, the voice from the outer world, bringing the holy war, the jihad, which will cleanse the universe and bring us out of darkness.
gloss: To participate in a jihad.
pos: verb
Related words: mujahid
Derived words: Butlerian jihad
counterjihad
cyberjihad
jihadi
jihadic
jihadisation
jihadise
jihadism
jihadist
jihadistic
jihadization
jihadize
jihobbyist
Love Jihad
Translations:
shopworn
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From shop (noun) + worn (adjective).
Compound parts: shop
worn
Inflected forms:
form: more shopworn
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most shopworn
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of a product in a retail store: damaged from being on display and handled by customers, etc.; shop-soiled.
pos: adj
examples: The handbag looks nice, but shopworn.
Broke Sycamores by Oaks may be ſuppli'd: / Faln bricks by ſtones to make a Building fair; / But by ſuch patching 'tvvill be vvorſe alaſs, / Nevv generous vvine vvill break old Shop-vvorn Glaſs.
gloss: Not fresh or new.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
examples: Peace with honour—that immortal phrase coined by the greatest phrase-maker of his generation—has become slightly shop[-]worn, although still admittedly serviceable, and honour is not lightly to be defined.
The shopworn ghost-story part of the tale has been energized by the brilliant performance of little Owen Meany, who—despite his diminutive size—is a huge presence onstage; the miniature Meany simply dwarfs the other performers.
New York is positioned as the third protagonist—literally, as the characters repeatedly tell each other. Recycled aerial footage of the city underlines just how generic this particular insight is. The whole film is like that, its dialogue constantly poking fun and calling attention to the shopworn conventions.
[Elon] Musk is our avatar of infinite possibility, our usher to the remade world, where shopworn practices are cast aside and the unprecedented becomes logical, where Earth and humanity can still be saved.
gloss: Not fresh or new.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
Related words: shopwear
Translations:
junkie
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English junk
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
▲
Scots -ieinflu.
English -ie
English junkie
From junk (“narcotic drug”) + -ie.
Inflected forms:
form: junkies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: junky
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A narcotics addict, especially a heroin user.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
slang
examples: Rats in the front room, roaches in the back / Junkies in the alley with a baseball bat
It's wiser to say no / God made me a junkie / But Satan told me so
gloss: An enthusiast of something.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
slang
examples: English people are travel junkies, but Americans hardly ever leave their state.
My uncle is a classic-car junkie.
Derived words: adrenaline junkie
cyberjunkie
junkiedom
junkiehood
junkieness
momentum junkie
technojunkie
tuna junkie
Translations:
junky
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English junk
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English junky
From junk + -y (adjectival suffix).
Inflected forms:
form: junkier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: junkiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Resembling or characteristic of junk; cheap, worthless, or of low quality.
pos: adj
examples: 1970–1975, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed in Pleasure
I took my jewelry box & made a bracelet for J from an old broken necklace & the clasp from a junky pink charm bracelet.
gloss: Full of junk.
pos: adj
examples: We really need to clear out the junky basement.
Derived words: janky
junkily
junkiness
Translations:
cubby
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English cub (“stall”) + -y (diminutive suffix). Cognate with French cagibi.
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: cubbies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A small, confined space.
pos: noun
gloss: A cell in a shelf for storing items, particularly in a school.
pos: noun
examples: It’s standard for Norwegian kindergartens to have rows of cubbies just inside the door, each storing layers of spare clothes, including rain and snow gear and boots and mittens.
Derived words: cubbyhole
cubby hole
cubby house
Translations:
ditz
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Back-formation from ditzy.
Inflected forms:
form: ditzes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A scatterbrained person, especially a woman.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
informal
examples: It’s clear Belle Delphine is playing a character: the empty-headed gamer girl ditz who floats around spreading love and magic wherever she goes,” says Vito.
Crystal says, “I had to become almost a cartoon of vapid femininity to explain why I was so outof it. I couldn’t be good at being a person, but I could be good at being a girl. And my girly-ness could explain why I was so dumb at math and so bad at people. She’s such a ditz.”
Translations:
ditzy
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Since early 1800s commonly used by Pennsylvania Dutch (Penslfawnisch Deitsch); possibly a borrowing from dialectal German dutzig, also dützig, ditzig (“numb, dazed, dizzy, as after having been punched; dull, stupid”), from dialectal dutzen (“to butt, hit, punch”). Compare German verdutzt (“dumbfounded”) and regional Dötsche (“bump, dent, bruise”). Unlikely, an alteration of dizzy, of American origin.
Inflected forms:
form: ditzier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: ditziest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: ditsy
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Silly or scatterbrained, usually of a young woman.
pos: adj
tags: informal
examples: What’s more, Friends offers someone for everyone: a tall, dorky, insecure guy (David Schwimmer); a ditzy, guitar-strumming blonde (Lisa Kudrow); a handsome, jean-clad palooka (Matt LeBlanc); a sarcastic, 9-to-5-ing funnyman ([Matthew] Perry); a dark-haired, blue-eyed Veronica (Courteney Cox); and a spoiled suburban princess just finding her legs ([Jennifer] Aniston).
The guy tossed some cash on the counter, then left with the ditzy girl and Abigail's fan.
[…] —and she'd smile like a primly mischievous Japanese girl, or like some slyly ditzy ingenue on a talk show, all the while watching her interrogator try to fathom (though sometimes they were pretty dim and just said, “Oh”) the surprising cleverness of her answer.
After hiring a crew of young guys and gals including loyal Jo, unlucky-in-love Frankie, strapping Bob, wisecracking Dee Dee, ditzy blonde Jonesy and titian-haired Penny, the gang drives up to the lodge.
Translations:
rosebud
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From rose + bud.
Compound parts: rose
bud
Inflected forms:
form: rosebuds
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The bud of a rose.
pos: noun
examples: Holonyms: rose < rosebush
Gather ye Roſe-buds vvhile ye may, / Old Time is ſtill a flying: / And this ſame flovver, that ſmiles to day; / To morrovv vvill be dying.
gloss: A pretty young woman.
pos: noun
tags: UK
sometimes
gloss: A debutante.
pos: noun
tags: US
rare
gloss: Any of assorted small seashells with a pink or partially pink color, usually of the family Muricidae.
pos: noun
tags: rare
gloss: A mouth.
pos: noun
tags: Cockney
gloss: the indentation of a surface caused by an incorrect hammer strike (missing the nail)
pos: noun
tags: slang
gloss: The anus.
pos: noun
tags: slang
vulgar
examples: Her ass was the ultimate goal for both of us, but I wanted to draw out the anticipation. […] She watched from between her knees as I prepared to push into her rosebud.
Squeezing a healthy dollop of lube onto her rosebud, he stretched the tight ring and forced more lubrication into her ass.
He withdrew his tongue from her ass and traced little patterns across her rosebud with a fingertip […]
gloss: The clitoris.
pos: noun
tags: slang
vulgar
examples: His thumbs spread her woman's center so he could fit his mouth more closely and enter her with his tongue. Now she could not contain her cries of excitement. The tip of his tongue licked the hard rosebud hidden within, then circled it slowly over and over until she was swollen with need.
Her plea was ignored entirely. He stood over her, crowding her with his powerful body, and tugged the tunic from her nerveless grasp. “Do you remember how I plied the wet rosebud between your thighs?” Holding her gaze, he traced a finger between her breasts, downward to her narrow waist, drawing his hand slowly, lingeringly, over her skin. “I could show you such pleasure again, sweeting. ...”
To obtain an even better effect I managed to pull the seam right up into my cunney so that the shape of my generous outer lips would be revealed and even the swollen rosebud of my clitty could be discerned especially - as I didn’t put any knickers on and was totally nude underneath.
gloss: A woman's nipples, namely when erect.
pos: noun
tags: in-plural
slang
examples: I gasped when I felt the powerful spray from the shower against my breasts. First one, then the other. My rosebuds swelled up immediately, red and stiff. She sprayed between my breasts and on the small of my back. Then she quit for a minute.
Caleb lifted her above him, accepting the hard rosebud of her nipple into his mouth as he drank from her. ‘You're beautiful’, Cat, he groaned as he rolled over so that she was the one beneath him. ‘So very beautiful.’
He could see the fullness of her beautiful breasts, tipped with their rosebuds, through the fine cotton. They seemed to be begging for him to caress and kiss them.
Related words: rosy
Derived words: gather rosebuds
Rosebud
rosebudding
Translations:
impotent
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Old French impotent, from Latin impotēns, from in- (expresses negation) + potēns (“powerful”).
Inflected forms:
form: more impotent
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most impotent
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: impotents
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Lacking physical strength or vigor; weak
pos: adj
gloss: Lacking in power, as to act effectively; helpless
pos: adj
examples: Technology without morality is barbarous; morality without technology is impotent
gloss: Incapable of sexual intercourse, often because of an inability to achieve or sustain an erection, having impotentia coeundi.
pos: adj
examples: A person smeared with the excrement of a mouse was rendered impotent, according to Pliny the Elder.
gloss: Sterile
pos: adj
gloss: Lacking self-restraint
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
examples: Then, impotent of tongue (her ſilence broke) / Thus turbulent in rattling tone ſhe ſpoke.
gloss: A man who has erectile dysfunction
pos: noun
gloss: An impotent or powerless person
pos: noun
Antonyms: potent
Related words: impotence
Derived words: impotently
impotentness
nonimpotent
self-impotent
Translations:
collie
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Perhaps originally from coal, with reference to its colour; compare colly and collier. More at Wikipedia at collie § Name.
Inflected forms:
form: collies
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: colley
pos: noun
tags: alternative
dated
form: colly
pos: noun
tags: alternative
dated
Senses:
gloss: Any of various breeds of dog originating in Scotland and England as sheepdogs
pos: noun
Translations:
forebear
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Late 15th century, from fore- + beer (“one who is or exists”, literally “be-er”).
Base: beer
Affixes: fore-
Inflected forms:
form: forebears
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: forbear
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: forebeer
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Scotland
Senses:
gloss: An ancestor.
pos: noun
examples: One day, among the days, he bethought him of this and fell lamenting for that the most part of his existence was past and he had not been vouchsafed a son, to inherit the kingdom after him, even as he had inherited it from his fathers and forebears; by reason whereof there betided him sore cark and care and chagrin exceeding.
[1906] 2004, Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville, Ethel Wedgwood tr.
Sirs, I am quite sure that the King of England's forbears rightly and justly lost the conquered lands that I hold […]
One does not take one’s family name therefrom, and again the position of the mother in that group is determined through her father and his male forbears in turn; this too is a patrilineal group.
THE LONDON BRIGHTON & SOUTH COAST RAILWAY. By C. Hamilton Ellis. Ian Allan. 30s. [...] In the course of its pages the author runs through the whole gamut of the locomotives that have during the period under review run on the rails of the L.B. & S.C. and its forebears.
Beginning with the bald declaration “I think I was cold in the womb,” the speaker in “The Forbears” then decides that his brother (who died soon after birth) must also have been cold in the womb, like his grandfather John and the forbears who antedated John.
Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.
Antonyms: afterbear
Translations:
rampage
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Scots rampage, equivalent to ramp + -age. Perhaps influenced by Middle English rampnen (“to force, ram”), from Old English *hrampian, from Proto-West Germanic *hrampōn (“to obstruct, hinder”), see ramp.
Base: ramp
Affixes: -age
Inflected forms:
form: rampages
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: rampages
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: rampaging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: rampaged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: rampaged
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A course of violent, frenzied action.
pos: noun
examples: Blast after blast, fiery outbreak after fiery outbreak, like a flaming barrage from within,[…]most of Edison's grounds soon became an inferno. As though on an incendiary rampage, the fires systematically devoured the contents of Edison's headquarters and facilities.
gloss: Wild partying, typically a drinking binge
pos: noun
examples: Great card he was. Waltzing in Stamer street with Ignatius Gallaher on a Sunday morning, the landlady's two hats pinned on his head. Out on the rampage all night.
gloss: To move about wildly or violently.
pos: verb
examples: In the hip science of ultrasmall nanotechnology, fantastical future possibilities like rampaging nanorobots capture the most attention, but the first fruits of the field have been more mundane: tiny bits of mostly ordinary stuff that just sit there.
It is a sunny morning in Amman and the three uniformed judges in Jordan’s state security court are briskly working their way through a pile of slim grey folders on the bench before them. Each details the charges against 25 or so defendants accused of supporting the fighters of the Islamic State (Isis), now rampaging across Syria and Iraq under their sinister black banners and sending nervous jitters across the Arab world.
Derived words: go on the rampage
on the rampage
rampageous
Translations:
scone
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Originally Scots, possibly from Middle Low German schö̂ne (“fine flour bread”), or Middle Dutch schoonbroot (“fine bread; a kind of flat angular loaf”), from schoon (“fine”) + broot (“bread”). Alternatively, might derive from Scottish Gaelic sgonn (“lump, mouthful”).
Inflected forms:
form: scones
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: scones
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: sconing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: sconed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: sconed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A small, rich, pastry or quick bread, sometimes baked on a griddle.
pos: noun
examples: On Wednesdays I go shopping / And have buttered scones for tea
Well, that's all right, then, Brian. Sit down. Have a scone. Make yourself at home. You klutz!
gloss: Frybread served with honey butter spread on it.
pos: noun
examples: Dinner rolls and deep-fried crusty scones that border on loaf-size or juicy fruit pies tagged with county-fair blue ribbons rise from backroad eating sites.
gloss: The head.
pos: noun
tags: Australia
New-Zealand
informal
examples: …the white ball left a 5cm gash on his scone despite a floppy white hat absorbing some of the impact.
After Essendon coach James Hird tumbled off his bike and hit his scone on the unforgiving South Yarra terrain on Monday night, the chances are he was administered the Cogstate concussion test.
gloss: To hit on the head.
pos: verb
tags: Australia
New-Zealand
slang
transitive
Related words: tattie scone
tatty scone
Derived words: dropped scone
drop scone
feed two birds with one scone
girdle scone
potato scone
sconut
Translations:
wizened
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From wizen + -ed.
Inherited from Middle English wisenen, from Old English wisnian, weosnian, from Proto-Germanic *wisnōjaną. Cognate with Icelandic visna.
Base: wizen
Affixes: -ed
Inflected forms:
form: more wizened
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most wizened
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Withered; lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness.
pos: adj
examples: "Ill-fard, crazy, crack-brained gowk, that she is!" exclaimed the housekeeper. . . "If it hadna been that I am mair than half a gentlewoman by my station, I wad hae tried my ten nails in the wizen'd hide o' her!"
He was old, too, wizened with age, and the hair on his face was gray.
In the simple fable about old age reconciling itself to memory and destiny, Mastroianni wears the wizened smile of a man who knows he is visiting his youth for the last time.
Translations:
bylaw
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English bylawe, bilawe, partly from Old English bīlage (“bylaw”) and partly from a variant of Middle English byrelawe, birlawe, from Old Norse býjar (“town's; settlement's”) + lǫg (“laws; jurisdiction”). Byrlaw is attested earlier in English but is unattested in Old Norse and the cognates in Scandinavian languages follow the development of bylaw: Danish bylov (“municipal law”), Swedish bylag and byalag.
Inflected forms:
form: bylaws
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: by-law
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: byelaw
pos: noun
tags: alternative
UK
form: bye-law
pos: noun
tags: alternative
UK
form: byrlaw
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: birley
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: birlie
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: birlaw
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: burlaw
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: bourlaw
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A local custom or law of a settlement or district.
pos: noun
gloss: A rule made by a local authority to regulate its own affairs.
pos: noun
tags: in-plural
often
gloss: A rule made by a local authority to regulate its own affairs.
pos: noun
tags: countable
in-plural
often
singular
gloss: A law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization (e.g., corporation or business).
pos: noun
Related words: bylaw officer
Translations:
lang: Catalan
word: ordenances
lang: Chinese Cantonese
word: 附例
roman: fu⁶ lai⁶
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 附例
roman: fùlì
lang: Czech
word: vyhláška
lang: Finnish
word: ohjesääntö
lang: German
word: Gemeindeverordnung
lang: Irish
word: fodhlí
lang: Malay
word: undang-undang kecil
lang: Māori
word: pāero
lang: Polish
word: rozporządzenie władz lokalnych
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: frith-lagh
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: fo-lagh
lang: Spanish
word: ordenanza
lang: Turkish
word: belediye yönetmeliği
lang: Welsh
word: is-ddeddf