stool
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: agriculture
business
horticulture
lifestyle
medicine
nautical
sciences
transport
Etymology: From Middle English stool, from Old English stōl (“chair, seat”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōl, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (“chair”), from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”).
Cognates
Cognate with North Frisian stuul, stölj, Stööl (“chear”), Saterland Frisian Stoul (“chear”), West Frisian stoel (“chair, seat”), Dutch stoel (“chair”), German Stuhl (“chair”), Low German Stohl (“chair”), Luxembourgish Stull (“chair”), Vilamovian śtül (“chair”), Yiddish שתוהל (shsuhl), שטול (shtul, “chair”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stol (“chair”), Faroese stólur (“chair”), Icelandic stóll (“chair”), Crimean Gothic stul (“seat”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌻𐍃 (stōls, “chair; throne”), Russian стул (stul, “chair”), Estonian tool (“chair”), Finnish tuoli (“chair”); also Breton and Cornish sevel (“to erect, rise; to build; to lift; to compose; to earn”), Irish sáil, sál (“heel”), Scottish Gaelic sàil (“heel”), Welsh sefyll (“to stand; to stop; to sit”), Latin sistō (“to set; to stop; to stand; to stabilise”), Umbrian 𐌔𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖 (sestu, “to place”), Greek στέκω (stéko), στέκομαι (stékomai, “to stand up”), Albanian shtoj (“to add; to augment; to accumulate”), Lithuanian stálas (“table”), Old Prussian stallan (“table”), Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Russian стол (stol, “table”), Czech stůl (“table”), Polish stół (“table”), Serbo-Croatian сто̑, сто̑л, stȏ, stȏl (“table”), Slovak stôl (“table”), Slovene stol (“chair”), Armenian երթալ (ertʻal), էթալ (ētʻal, “to go”), Central Kurdish ستوون (stûn, “column”), Pashto ستن (stən, “needle; awl; pin; syringe; post; hand; dragonfly”), Persian ایستادن (ēstādan / istâdan), وایسادن (vâysâdan), وایستادن (vâystâdan, “to stand up; to step; to stay”), ستون (sotun / sutūn, “column”), Northern Kurdish rawestîn (“to stand up”), stûn (“column”), Ossetian стын (styn, “to stand up”), Hittite 𒋾𒄑𒍣 (tiezzi, “to step; to place oneself”), Tocharian A ṣtäm- (“to stand”), Tocharian B stäm- (“to stand”), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati, “to stand; to stay”). More at stand.
The medical use derives from sense 2 (seat used for defecation).
Inflected forms:
form: stools
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: stoole
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: stools
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: stooling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: stooled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: stooled
pos: verb
tags: past
form: stoole
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A seat, especially for one person and without armrests.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A seat, especially for one person and without armrests.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A seat, especially for one person and without armrests.
pos: noun
tags: Scotland
countable
dialectal
uncountable
gloss: A seat, especially for one person and without armrests.
pos: noun
tags: Scotland
countable
dialectal
figuratively
literally
uncountable
gloss: A seat, especially for one person and without armrests.
pos: noun
tags: Africa
West
countable
uncountable
gloss: A close-stool; a seat used for urination and defecation: a chamber pot, commode, outhouse seat, or toilet.
pos: noun
tags: countable
dated
uncountable
gloss: A plant that has been cut down until its main stem is close to the ground, resembling a stool, to promote new growth.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The ground in almost every part of it is covered with stools or stems of Oak, at not more than three feet stool from stool, and these not having been thinned since last cutting, are completely overburdened, and are evidently killing each other and dying for want of nourishment […]
With stool bedding, the plants are pruned back to the ground in the dormant season, and the shoots that form in the spring have juvenile characteristics and are called "juvenile reversion shoots." Stool bedding or stool bed layering is a common practice for the production of rootstocks of apple. […] The closer the apical meristem is to the roots of the plant, the more juvenile it is likely to be. This feature is exploited by techniques such as hedging or stool bedding that employ severe pruning to decrease the distance between the new growth and the root system, thus acting to rejuvenate the plant and benefit from the ease of rooting that is characteristic of the juvenile phase.
A coppice may be large, in which case trees, usually ash (Fraxinus) or maple (Acer) are cut, leaving a massive stool from which up to 10 trunks arise; or small, in which case trees, usually hazel (Corylus), hawthorn (Crataegus), or willow (Salix), are cut to leave small, underground stools producing many short stems. […] One consequence of coppicing is that the stool enlarges because each subsequent growth of shoots occurs on its outside. The diameter of a stool is thus directly related to its age. […] stool 1. A tree stump that is capable of producing new shoots. 2. The permanent base of a *coppiced tree.
gloss: Feces, excrement.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: I provided the doctor with stool samples.
The diagnostic criteria for infant dyschezia are at least 10 minutes of straining and crying before successful passage of soft stools in an otherwise healthy infant less than six months of age.
In a child with infant dyschezia, physical examination and stool examination are normal.
Two days prior to the consultation, an abdominal radiograph was done because the patient hadn't stooled in a week. No signs of obstruction and no abnormal accumulations of stool were found.
gloss: A production of feces or excrement, an act of defecation, stooling.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Normal stooling is widely variant. Some infants only have one stool per day, especially those on formula feeding. Others may stool with each feeding. Such frequent stooling is common in breast-fed infants during the first month of life.
gloss: A decoy; a portable piece of wood to which a pigeon is fastened to lure wild birds.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
uncountable
gloss: A small channel on the side of a vessel, for the deadeyes of the backstays.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the fore backstay deadeyes and stool had to be lowered 2 feet
gloss: Material, such as oyster shells, spread on the sea bottom for oyster spat to adhere to.
pos: noun
tags: US
countable
dialectal
uncountable
gloss: To produce stool: to defecate.
pos: verb
examples: Infrequent stooling in the first month of life is almost always due to insufficient intake of milk. A baby who is voiding but not stooling or gaining weight may not be receiving enough high fat hindmilk. Stooling frequency will correct itself with additional feeds or making sure the infant receives more hind milk at a feed.
Normal stooling is widely variant. Some infants only have one stool per day, especially those on formula feeding. Others may stool with each feeding. Such frequent stooling is common in breast-fed infants during the first month of life.
Two days prior to the consultation, an abdominal radiograph was done because the patient hadn't stooled in a week. No signs of obstruction and no abnormal accumulations of stool were found.
gloss: To cut down (a plant) until its main stem is close to the ground, resembling a stool, to promote new growth.
pos: verb
examples: Cutting back to the same position annually is usually referred to as pollarding; cutting nearly to the ground is usually called stooling. Both are good methods of controlling height and maintaining vigor on plants that would normally grow to a large size. […] Those [plants] that generate many small stems crowded together are difficult to pollard so they are normally stooled. Some people refer to stooling as coppice.
The healthier of your two hollies is multi-stemmed, indicating that it was once stooled (cut down to a point just above the ground). It has since grown back vigorously to become a thick, wide tree which enabled it even more to overshadow the one that you say was quite severely pruned last year.
Synonyms: defecate
Derived words: bar stool
birth stool
birthstool
Bristol stool chart
Bristol stool scale
camp stool
campstool
close stool
closestool
cucking stool
cutler's stool
cuttystool
destool
donkey stool
ducking stool
enstool
footstool
frith stool
frithstool
groom of the stool
joint-stool
kickstool
litany stool
necessary stool
nightstool
paddock-stool
padstool
pass a stool
pass stool
pedal-stool
pedal stool
petal stool
piano stool
pining stool
pixie-stool
pixy-stool
potty stool
queening stool
rocking stool
sauna stool
saw-stool
scolding stool
shower stool
smoking stool syndrome
step stool
stepstool
stool-ball
stoolie
stoolless
stoollike
stoolmaking
stool of easement
stool of repentance
stool pigeon
stool softener
stooly
toadstool
toilet stool
window stool
X-stool
Translations:
lang: Afrikaans
word: stoel
lang: Albanian
word: stol
lang: Albanian
word: shkam (gheg)
lang: Southern Altai
word: отургуш
roman: oturguš
lang: Southern Altai
word: отургыш
roman: oturgïš
lang: Arabic
word: مِقْعَد
roman: miqʕad
lang: Arabic
word: مَقْعَدَة
roman: maqʕada
lang: Armenian
word: աթոռակ
roman: atʻoṙak
lang: Assamese
word: মুঢ়া
roman: murha
lang: Assamese
word: টুল
roman: tul
lang: Asturian
word: taburete
lang: Azerbaijani
word: taburet
lang: Azerbaijani
word: kətil
lang: Belarusian
word: табурэ́т
roman: taburét
lang: Belarusian
word: табурэ́тка
roman: taburétka
lang: Belarusian
word: сто́лак
roman: stólak
lang: Bulgarian
word: табуре́тка
roman: taburétka
lang: Catalan
word: tamboret
lang: Chinese Cantonese
word: 凳仔
lang: Chinese
word: 椅頭 /椅头
roman: í-thâu
lang: Chinese
word: 椅頭仔 /椅头仔
roman: zh-min-nan
lang: Chinese
word: 椅仔
roman: zh-min-nan
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 凳子
roman: dèngzi
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 凳
roman: dèng
lang: Crimean Tatar
word: kürsü
lang: Czech
word: stolička
lang: Danish
word: taburet
lang: Dutch
word: kruk
lang: Dutch
word: barkruk
lang: Dutch
word: schemel
lang: Esperanto
word: tabureto
lang: Esperanto
word: seĝeto
lang: Estonian
word: taburet
lang: Estonian
word: järi
lang: Estonian
word: pink
lang: Estonian
word: pukk
lang: Estonian
word: jalapink
lang: Faroese
word: krakkur
lang: Finnish
word: jakkara
lang: Finnish
word: palli
lang: Finnish
word: jäkki
lang: French
word: tabouret
lang: Galician
word: meso
lang: Galician
word: tallo
lang: Galician
word: banqueta
lang: Georgian
word: ტაბურეტი
roman: ṭabureṭi
lang: Georgian
word: ჯორკო
roman: ǯorḳo
lang: German
word: Hocker
lang: German
word: Taburett
lang: German
word: Schemel
lang: Greek
word: σκαμνί
roman: skamní
lang: Greek
word: σκίμπους
roman: skímpous
lang: Ancient Greek
word: δίφρος
roman: díphros
lang: Hebrew
word: שְׁרַפְרַף
roman: shrafráf
lang: Hindi
word: तिपाई
roman: tipāī
lang: Hindi
word: पीढ़ा
roman: pīṛhā
lang: Hindi
word: चौकी
roman: caukī
lang: Hungarian
word: bárszék
lang: Hungarian
word: zsámoly
lang: Icelandic
word: kollur
lang: Ido
word: tabureto
lang: Irish
word: stól
lang: Italian
word: sgabello
lang: Italian
word: trespolo
lang: Italian
word: scanno
lang: Japanese
word: スツール
roman: sutsūru
lang: Japanese
word: ストゥール
roman: sutūru
lang: Kazakh
word: отырғыш
roman: otyrğyş
lang: Khmer
word: ជើងម៉ា
roman: cəəng maa
lang: Korean
word: 스툴
roman: seutul
lang: Korean
word: 걸상
roman: geolsang
lang: Kyrgyz
word: орундук
roman: orunduk
lang: Kyrgyz
word: олтургуч
roman: olturguc
lang: Latvian
word: ķeblis
lang: Latvian
word: taburete
lang: Lingala
word: ebonga
lang: Lithuanian
word: taburetė
lang: Luxembourgish
word: Hocker
lang: Macedonian
word: сто́лче
roman: stólče
lang: Macedonian
word: ко́клица
roman: kóklica
lang: Macedonian
word: табуре́тка
roman: taburétka
lang: Manchu
word: ᠮᡠᠯᠠᠨ
roman: mulan
lang: Marathi
word: स्टूल
roman: sṭūl
lang: Mingrelian
word: კველა
roman: ḳvela
lang: Mongo
word: ebonga
lang: Norman
word: scabelle
lang: Norman
word: tabouothet
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: krakk
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: taburett
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: krakk
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: taburett
lang: Old English
word: sċamol
lang: Iranian Persian
word: چَهارْپایِه
roman: čahârpâye
lang: Iranian Persian
word: چَارْپایِه
roman: čârpâye
lang: Polish
word: stołek
lang: Polish
word: taboret
lang: Portuguese
word: banquinho
lang: Portuguese
word: banco
lang: Portuguese
word: banqueta
lang: Portuguese
word: tamborete
lang: Romanian
word: taburet
lang: Russian
word: табуре́т
roman: taburét
lang: Russian
word: табуре́тка
roman: taburétka
lang: Scottish Gaelic
word: suidheachan
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: табу̀ре̄
lang: Serbo-Croatian
word: tabùrē
lang: Slovak
word: stolička
lang: Slovak
word: stolček
lang: Slovene
word: stolček
lang: Spanish
word: taburete
lang: Spanish
word: banqueta
lang: Spanish
word: taurete
lang: Spanish
word: banquillo
lang: Spanish
word: banquito
lang: Spanish
word: sitial
lang: Svan
word: კუ̂ილ
roman: ḳûil
lang: Swahili
word: kiroto
lang: Swedish
word: pall
lang: Tagalog
word: taburete
lang: Tajik
word: чорпояча
roman: čorpoyača
lang: Telugu
word: పీట
roman: pīṭa
lang: Telugu
word: స్టూలు
roman: sṭūlu
lang: Turkish
word: oturak
lang: Turkish
word: tabure
lang: Ukrainian
word: табуре́т
roman: taburét
lang: Ukrainian
word: табуре́тка
roman: taburétka
lang: Ukrainian
word: стіле́ць
roman: stilécʹ
lang: Ukrainian
word: дзи́ґлик
roman: dzýglyk
lang: Ukrainian
word: ослі́нчик
roman: oslínčyk
lang: Urdu
word: تِپائی
roman: tipāī
lang: Urdu
word: اِسْٹُول
roman: isṭūl
lang: Uzbek
word: taburetka
lang: Vietnamese
word: ghế đẩu
lang: Vilamovian
word: siymuł
lang: Welsh
word: stôl
lang: Welsh
word: stolion
lang: Yiddish
word: בענקל
roman: benkl
lang: Zazaki
word: iskeme
lang: Zazaki
word: tabure