yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
railing
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: By surface analysis, rail + -ing.
Inflected forms:
form: more railing
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most railing
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: railings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: That rails; engaged in or given to violent complaining.
pos: adj
examples: Why does that railing man go with us?
The daring of the railing reviler should be checked with moderation, i.e. as a duty of charity, and not through lust for one's own honour.
A clamorous, debating, railing woman feels the need to have the last word.
On Anger's self-awareness of the originality of writing as a railing woman, see McManus, "Eve's Dowry," p. 198.
gloss: Filled with invective and violent complaints
pos: adj
examples: Petrus de Pilichdorf (in the year 1395, as he himself gives the date, cap 30,) writes a book of confutation of the several pretended errors of the Waldenses of this time in thirty-six chapters, but has nothing of baptism; though he descends to speak of many lesser matters, and aggravates all with very railing words, yet he finds nothing to accuse them of, but such things as the protestants now hold, except one or two, as the 'unlawfulness of 'all oaths,' &c.
Such was the case of the 'very railing speeches against the justices' by Thomas Holman, vintner, of Terling, Essex, when he was presented in 1608 'for a common drunkard and for keeping ill rule in his house'.
I return to earlier considerations of railing by looking at the ways in which the railing style of the Poets' War yields a significant, perverse, even queer fin de siècle aesthetics that is expressed in part by extreme articulations of masculinity: metaphors and puns represent men as either hyperagressive or effeminate.
gloss: Blowing violently.
pos: adj
examples: But scatter to the railing wind Each gloomy phantom of the mind!
Had I a garden, claustral yews Should shut out railing wind,
Beginning way back in October, one railing storm after another had swept down off the Bitterroot Mountains and into the valley where the Rocking R had stood for three generations.
gloss: A fence or barrier consisting of one or more horizontal rails and vertical supports.
pos: noun
examples: During the war, everyone's railings were taken away to make bombers.
We passed through an inner courtyard overladen with fake wrought-iron railings and accents badly in need of a paint job, evoking a kind of Woolworth's Vieux Carré.
Derived words: railingly
Translations:
heterodox
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἑτερόδοξος (heteródoxos), from ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another, different”) + δόξα (dóxa, “opinion”).
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Of or pertaining to creeds, beliefs, or teachings, especially religious ones, that are different from what a religion (or sect) believes to be orthodox, but (usually) not conflicting with that religion's established beliefs and therefore not heretical.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Most Christian denominations consider each other heterodox.
Do you believe such people are happy in the other world, sir? {...} I declined answering Mrs. Dean’s question, which struck me as something heterodox.
[Podcast host] Mr. [Joe] Rogan, who leans right but holds fairly heterodox political views, interviewed Mr. Trump and endorsed him on the election’s eve.
gloss: Beliefs contrary to the general consensus.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Antonyms: orthodox
homodox
Related words: heterodoxy
hetero-
heretical
nonorthogonal
outside the box
Derived words: heterodoxly
heterodoxness
heterodoxic
heterodoxical
Translations:
amnesiac
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English amnesia
English -ac
English amnesiac
From amnesia + -ac.
Inflected forms:
form: amnesiacs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Person who suffers from loss of memory (amnesia).
pos: noun
Translations:
bung-hole
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From bung + hole.
Compound parts: bung
hole
Inflected forms:
form: bung-holes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: bunghole
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: bung-holes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: bung-holing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: bung-holed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: bung-holed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: bunghole
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A hole in a vessel, such as a cask, that may be stopped with a bung.
pos: noun
examples: Pop a tap in the barrel's bung-hole so you can pour us a round of beer, innkeeper!
Cæsar's dust - or is it Alexander's? - may stop a bunghole, but the functions of these dead Cæsars of the past was to light up a savage fetish dance.
gloss: The anus.
pos: noun
tags: slang
vulgar
examples: So leave me... You never do have much margin there, but see if you can’t leave me about an inch from where the zipper [belches] ends around under my—back to my bung-hole.
gloss: A stupid, irritating, or contemptible person.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
slang
vulgar
examples: I need TP for my bung-hole.
gloss: To have penetrative anal sex with.
pos: verb
tags: slang
vulgar
Translations:
bruv
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
Clipping of bruvver.
Inflected forms:
form: bruvs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Brother, mate, friend.
pos: noun
tags: Australia
Canada
Cockney
Multicultural-London-English
UK
slang
examples: The lads in the Nags 'Ead were just talking about your bit of managerial bovver and I said to Rodney, 'Bruv, this could be my big chance.'
Translations:
OMG
Part of speech: intj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: An abbreviation of oh my God, although sometimes glossed using minced oaths to avoid offense. In its first attestation, also intended as a punning reference to the Order of St Michael and St George.
Inflected forms:
form: omg
pos: intj
tags: alternative
form: O.M.G.
pos: intj
tags: alternative
form: O-M-G
pos: intj
tags: alternative
form: oh em gee
pos: intj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An exclamation of excitement, surprise, shock etc.; oh my God
pos: intj
tags: Internet
examples: OMG, I just won tickets to a concert! Today is the best day ever!
…and then he said I was ugly, so I punched him in the face. — OMG, really?
I hear that a new order of Knighthood is on the tapis—O.M.G. (Oh! My God!)—Shower it on the Admiralty!!
10 Bands, 50 bands, 100 bands, fuck it, man / Let's just not even discuss it, man / OMG, niggas sleep, I ain't trippin', I'ma let 'em sleep
Translations:
IRL
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Initialisms and abbreviations.
Inflected forms:
form: IRLs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Existing or being such in real life.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: His IRL girlfriend.
But as Poppy’s fictional world expanded, Pereira became embroiled in IRL controversy.
[…] this "100-percent real soap bar" is "the perfect gift for cilantro lovers and haters alike" […] Chipotle says the now IRL soap stems from a humorous photo the brand shared on Instagram back in August.
gloss: An IRL friend.
pos: noun
tags: Internet
Translations:
yer
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian ер (jer, “ъ”) and ерь (jerʹ, “ь”).
Inflected forms:
form: yers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Either of the letters ъ and ь in Cyrillic alphabets, which originally represented phonemically the ultra-short vowels in Slavic languages.
pos: noun
Translations:
putrid
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *puH-der.
Latin puter
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *-ēō
Latin -eō
Latin putreō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin putridusder.
Old French putridebor.
▲
Latin putridusbor.
Middle English
English putrid
From Middle English, borrowed from Old French putride or directly from Latin putridus (“rotten, decayed”), from putreō (“to be rotten or putrid”), from puter (“rotten, decaying, putrid”).
Inflected forms:
form: more putrid
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most putrid
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Rotting, rotten, being in a state of putrefaction.
pos: adj
examples: putrid flesh; putrid matter; putrid meat
Quake guzzell dogs, that live on putrid slime.
[…]vast quantities of putrid whale flesh were blasted into the sky
gloss: Of, relating to, or characteristic of putrefaction, especially having a bad smell, like that of rotting flesh.
pos: adj
examples: putrid smell; putrid odor
gloss: Vile, disgusting.
pos: adj
gloss: Morally corrupt.
pos: adj
gloss: Totally objectionable.
pos: adj
Related words: rotten
foul
odor
Derived words: putrid fever
putridly
putridness
putrid sore throat
semiputrid
unputrid
Translations:
diatribe
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwísder.
Ancient Greek διά (diá)
Ancient Greek δῐᾰ- (dĭă-)
Proto-Indo-European *terh₁-der.
Ancient Greek τρῑ́βω (trī́bō)
Ancient Greek δῐᾰτρῑ́βω (dĭătrī́bō)
Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)
Ancient Greek -η (-ē)
Ancient Greek δῐᾰτρῐβή (dĭătrĭbḗ)der.
Latin diatribader.
French diatribebor.
English diatribe
First attested 1581, borrowed from French diatribe, from Latin diatriba (“learned discussion or discourse”), from Ancient Greek διατριβή (diatribḗ, “way of spending time, lecture”), from διά (diá, “through”) + τρίβω (tríbō, “to waste, wear out”)
Inflected forms:
form: diatribes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An abusive, bitter verbal or written attack, criticism or denunciation.
pos: noun
examples: to throw a diatribe
The senator was prone to diatribes which could go on for more than an hour.
“… No rogue e’er felt the halter draw, with a good opinion of the law, and perhaps my own detestation of the law arises from my having frequently broken it. If this long diatribe bores you, just say so, and I’ll cut it short.”
You know, it’s all this racial diatribe, and very strong language, screaming at the top of his lungs into the telephone.
Aunt Petunia wasn’t eating anything at all. Her arms were folded, her lips were pursed and she seemed to be chewing her tongue, as though biting back the furious diatribe she longed to throw at Harry.
Lest this [be] read as a diatribe against DfT, I have some sympathy with it. That's because whenever there's a problem with the railway, the industry's solution is to ask DfT for billions of pounds.
gloss: A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.
pos: noun
Synonyms: admonition
condemnation
diatribe
dithyramb
harangue
impugnation
j'accuse
jeremiad
philippic
polemic
rant
screed
slanging match
tirade
Related words: deride
dispute
offend
Derived words: diatribal
diatribist
Translations:
Neolithic
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From neo- + -lithic. Coined by English banker, Liberal politician, philanthropist, scientist and polymath John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, in 1865 as a refinement of the three-age system.
Affixes: neo-
-lithic
Inflected forms:
form: Neolithics
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of or relating to the New Stone Age.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Tokens are first identified at around the same time as the local peoples changed from a life based on hunting and gathering to one based on agriculture. The tokens, as Schmandt-Besserat says, "were part and parcel of the Neolithic phenomenon; that is, the so-called agricultural revolution." (Before Writing 41).
... I was fascinated by a pair of stories about a Neolithic girl who wrote the first letter, and invented the first alphabet.
gloss: A person who lived during the New Stone Age.
pos: noun
examples: For the Neolithics, the stone was flint, and it's still impressive to see what they were able to achieve with it.
Translations:
gumption
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Scots gumption (“common sense, shrewdness; drive, initiative”); further etymology unknown, possibly connected with Middle English gome (“attention, heed”), from Old Norse gaumr (“attention, heed”), from Proto-Germanic *gaumō. English cognates include gaum (“to comprehend, understand”) and goam (“to recognize, see”).
Inflected forms:
form: gumptions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Common sense, initiative, resourcefulness.
pos: noun
tags: Ireland
UK
uncountable
usually
examples: Gumption, or rum gumption, docility, comprehenſion, capacity.
When I see a man who has a good business, sufficient to support his family respectably, neglecting his affairs, and running into debt, in order to obtain a political office, I fancy that, whatever may be his talents, he is not burdened with gumption. […] When I see a man attending diligently to his own concerns, sending his children to school, paying his debts, and keeping clear of law suits, quarrels, and politics, I set him down as a man possessing a reasonable share of gumption.
As a balance to genius, which is ideally creative, gumption is required to control, to direct. […] Gumption is the power to realize the poetical worth of common sense. Without that power no man was ever truly great.
Whatever the job turned out to be, if it went against her gumptions, she would make sure Gregory would have hell on his hands and make him eager to release her from the deal.
gloss: Boldness of enterprise; aggressiveness or initiative.
pos: noun
tags: US
uncountable
usually
examples: "You've got a hard way of looking at things, Scarlett," he said. "But you think Hugh over. You could go far and do worse. I think his honesty and his willingness will outweigh his lack of gumption. Scarlett did not answer, for she did not want to be too rude. But to her mind there were few, if any, qualities that outweighed gumption.
gloss: Energy of body and mind, enthusiasm.
pos: noun
tags: US
uncountable
usually
examples: A person filled with gumption doesn't sit around dissipating and stewing about things. He's at the front of the train of his own awareness, watching to see what's up the track and meeting it when it comes. That's gumption.
Derived words: gump
gumph
gumptionless
gumption trap
gumptious
Translations:
esker
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Irish eiscir (“esker, glacial ridge”).
Inflected forms:
form: eskers
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: eskar
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A long, narrow, sinuous ridge created by deposits from a stream running beneath a glacier.
pos: noun
examples: Another unusual ice-contact feature is an esker, a long, narrow, steep-sided ridge of glaciofluvial sand and gravel inhabiting a glaciated area. Eskers tend to follow valleys and lowlands, carefully picking a course between obstacles.
Another objection to the tunnel-valley interpretation comes from a comparison with eskers.[…]The esker rivers and the tunnel-channel rivers of Wisconsin therefore seem to have been the result of significantly different meltwater regimes.
2001, Allan D. Randall, Hydrogeologic Framework of Stratified-drift Aquifers in the Glaciated Northeastern United States, US Geological Survey Paper 1415-B, page B37,
The multiple deltas must have formed sequentially, which led Thompson (1982) to conclude that the eskers were built in successive segments.
Translations:
colonia
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Mexican Spanish coloniabor.
English colonia
Borrowed from Mexican Spanish colonia.
Inflected forms:
form: colonias
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: a slum or shantytown near the US-Mexican border, generally without modern infrastructure
pos: noun
Translations:
Algonquin
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Canadian French algonquinder.
English Algonquin
From Canadian French algonquin, from earlier algoumequin, from either Maliseet elakómkwik ("these are our relatives") or Mi'kmaq algoomeaking (“at the place of spearing fish and eels”).
Inflected forms:
form: Algonquins
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: Algonkin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A member of an aboriginal North American people closely related to the Odawa and Ojibwe, and living mainly in Quebec.
pos: noun
Translations:
fortunate
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English fortunat(e) (“fortunate”), from Latin fortūnātus, from fortūna (“fortune, luck”) + -ātus (adjective-forming suffix), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). See also Middle English fortunaten (“to assure the success (of), make fortunate”); cognate with French fortuné (“lucky”). By surface analysis, fortune + -ate.
Base: fortūna
Affixes: -ātus
Inflected forms:
form: more fortunate
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most fortunate
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Auspicious.
pos: adj
examples: It is a fortunate sign if the sun shines on a newly wedded couple.
if it sits still, with its breast towards them, till they have passed, they consider it as a fortunate sign, and everything is expected to go on well during the remainder of their journey
gloss: Happening by good luck or favorable chance.
pos: adj
examples: Patrick was the unlikely match-winner as Berkeley earned a fortunate victory over Chisolm.
How many lucky winners, Regnault lamented, boastfully ascribe their success to wise decisions while in reality their triumph was nothing more than the fortunate outcome of random events?
Weiner acknowledges that a stroke of good luck has helped steer her to a more fortunate path early on in life.
gloss: Favored by fortune.
pos: adj
examples: We were fortunate not to be fined for speeding.
This is a time when we think of those less fortunate than ourselves.
Synonyms: successful
Antonyms: unlucky
unfortunate
Related words: unluckily
luckily
Derived words: fortunately
fortunateness
misfortunate
superfortunate
unfortunately
Translations:
fortunately
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English fortunate
Middle English -ly
English -ly
English fortunately
From fortunate + -ly.
Inflected forms:
form: more fortunately
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most fortunately
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: In a fortunate manner.
pos: adv
gloss: It is (or was, etc) fortunate that.
pos: adv
examples: Fortunately for Sam, his pet hamster was alive.
My mom has fortunately agreed to help us with the science project for school.
[…]the best thing to do is to curl up with a good goose-flesher and try to forget, and fortunately I had packed among my effects one called Murder at Greystone Grange.
Fortunately — very fortunately — the American people have a happy alternative to this bankrupt Republican campaign and its captive candidate.
Most pitchside medical staff fortunately will never have to treat a life threatening injury on the field of play.
Fortunately for the noncampers, half of the hotel rooms overlook the seaside stage, making attendance almost automatic, and very convenient in bad weather.
Synonyms: happily
luckily
mercifully
thankfully
Translations:
lang: Arabic
word: لِحُسْن اَلْحَظّ
roman: li-ḥusn al-ḥaẓẓ
lang: Armenian
word: բարեբախտաբար
roman: barebaxtabar
lang: Azerbaijani
word: xoşbəxtlikdən
lang: Belarusian
word: на шча́сце
roman: na ščáscje
lang: Bulgarian
word: за щастие
roman: za štastie
lang: Catalan
word: feliçment
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 幸好
roman: xìnghǎo
lang: Czech
word: naštěstí
lang: Danish
word: heldigvis
lang: Dutch
word: gelukkig
lang: Dutch
word: gelukkigerwijs
lang: Finnish
word: onneksi
lang: French
word: heureusement
lang: French
word: par bonheur
lang: French
word: par chance
lang: Georgian
word: საბედნიეროდ
roman: sabednierod
lang: German
word: zum Glück
lang: German
word: Gott sei Dank
lang: German
word: glücklicherweise
lang: Greek
word: ευτυχώς
roman: eftychós
lang: Greek
word: για καλή μου τύχη
roman: gia kalí mou týchi
lang: Hungarian
word: szerencsére
lang: Indonesian
word: untungnya
lang: Interlingua
word: fortunatemente
lang: Italian
word: per fortuna
lang: Italian
word: fortunatamente
lang: Japanese
word: 幸運にも
roman: kōun nimo
lang: Korean
word: 다행스럽게도
roman: dahaengseureopgedo
lang: Korean
word: 운 좋게도
roman: un jokedo
lang: Latin
word: feliciter
lang: Latvian
word: par laimi
lang: Lithuanian
word: laimei
lang: Māori
word: maringanui
lang: Māori
word: māringanui
lang: Māori
word: mokori anō
lang: Norman
word: par bounheur
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: heldigvis
lang: Persian
word: خوشبختانه
roman: xošbaxtâne
lang: Polish
word: na szczęście
lang: Portuguese
word: felizmente
lang: Romanian
word: din fericire
lang: Russian
word: к сча́стью
roman: k sčástʹju
lang: Slovak
word: našťastie
lang: Spanish
word: dichosamente
lang: Spanish
word: afortunadamente
lang: Spanish
word: por suerte
lang: Swedish
word: lyckligtvis
lang: Swedish
word: som tur är
lang: Tagalog
word: sa kabutihang palad
lang: Turkish
word: neyse ki
lang: Turkish
word: Allah'tan
lang: Turkish
word: çok şükür
lang: Turkish
word: iyi ki
lang: Ukrainian
word: на ща́стя
roman: na ščástja
cannibalise
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: business
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Cariban *kariponader.
Spanish caribeder.
Spanish caríbalder.
Spanish caníbalbor.
English cannibal
English -ise
English cannibalise
From cannibal + -ise.
Inflected forms:
form: cannibalises
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: cannibalising
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: cannibalised
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: cannibalised
pos: verb
tags: past
form: cannibalize
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To eat (parts of) another of one's own species.
pos: verb
tags: UK
transitive
examples: The female black widow spider is known to cannibalise the male.
gloss: To remove parts of (a machine, etc) for use in other similar machines.
pos: verb
tags: UK
transitive
examples: to cannibalize an old laptop for parts
According to our correspondent, at least one of the Type 2s has had to be cannibalised to facilitate repairs, as spares are often in short supply.
When the attack ceased they managed to cannibalize parts to get one truck going and set off for the rendezvous with Fraser, only to find nobody there.
gloss: To reduce sales or market share (for one of one's own products) by introducing another.
pos: verb
tags: UK
transitive
examples: iPad mini to cannibalize 1M full-size iPad sales.
gloss: Rework old material; rehash.
pos: verb
tags: UK
examples: When the album succeeds, such as on the swaggering, Queen-esque “Nothing’s Gonna Stop Us,” it does so on The Darkness’ own terms—that is, as a random ’80s-cliché generator. But with so many tired, lazy callbacks to its own threadbare catalog (including “Love Is Not The Answer,” a watery echo of the epic “I Believe In A Thing Called Love” from 2003’s Permission To Land), Hot Cakes marks the point where The Darkness has stopped cannibalizing the golden age of stadium rock and simply started cannibalizing itself. And, despite Hawkins’ inveterate crotch-grabbing, there was never that much meat there to begin with.
Derived words: cannibalisation
cannibalization
Translations:
clubby
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *klumpô
Old Norse klubbabor.
Middle English clubbe
English club
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English clubby
From club + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: clubbier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: clubbiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Resembling or suggestive of a social club or clubhouse.
pos: adj
gloss: Resembling or suggestive of a social club or clubhouse.
pos: adj
gloss: Resembling or suggestive of a social club or clubhouse.
pos: adj
examples: With minimalist décor, clubby music, and a strikingly designed bar, Popular stands out not only for its clientele but also for its opium-den atmosphere.
gloss: Fond of frequenting nightclubs.
pos: adj
tags: informal
Related words: clubbie
Derived words: clubbiness
unclubby
Translations:
chugger
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: Blend of charity + mugger.
Compound parts: charity
mugger
Inflected forms:
form: chuggers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An aggressive or invasive street fundraiser, especially a private contractor working on behalf of a charity.
pos: noun
tags: derogatory
informal
examples: Seen by many as the scourge of shoppers, chuggers can be uncompromising in their pursuit of a slice of strangers' disposable income, yet provide a rich source of funds for charities.
Translations:
muggy
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From dialectal English mug (“fog, mist; Scotch mist”) + -y, ultimately from Old Norse mugga (“drizzle, mist”); borrowed some time before 1390, when a derived verb, Middle English mugen (“of a fog: to drizzle”), is attested.
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: muggier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: muggiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Humid, or hot and humid.
pos: adj
tags: usually
examples: The next was a very unpropitious morning for a journey—muggy, damp, and drizzly.
What struck me as the most curious thing about this wonderful river was: how did the air keep fresh? It was muggy and thick, no doubt, but still not sufficiently so to render it bad or even remarkably unpleasant.
The evening, though sunless, had been warm and muggy for the season, and Tess had come out with her milking-hood only, naked-armed and jacketless; certainly not dressed for a drive.
Muggy heat—temperature in the 90s and high humidity—greeted early arrivals for the 72-hole, three-day test, rated the hardest and most important in the sport.
gloss: Wet or mouldy.
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
examples: muggy straw
gloss: Drunk.
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
slang
Synonyms: close
heavy
muggy
oppressive
steamy
sticky
sultry
sweltering
tropic
tropical
Antonyms: arid
torrid
clammy
dank
raw
Derived words: muggily
mugginess
unmuggy
Translations:
budgie
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From a clipping of budgerigar + -ie.
Base: budgerigar
Affixes: -ie
Inflected forms:
form: budgies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A budgerigar.
pos: noun
tags: informal
examples: She keeps a ton of budgies in her home.
Translations:
mucky
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English muck
English -y
English mucky
From muck + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: muckier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: muckiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Covered in muck.
pos: adj
tags: colloquial
examples: Tell them if you want a mucky oven cleaned before the visit as special steam-cleaning equipment may be needed.
gloss: Obscene, pornographic.
pos: adj
tags: colloquial
examples: a mucky magazine
The mucky message carried the name of a constable at the top.
Synonyms: filthy
muddy
blue
X-rated
pornographic
Derived words: muckily
muckiness
mucky pup
Translations:
arrowhead
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English arewehede, arowhede, arowheved. By surface analysis, arrow + head.
Inflected forms:
form: arrowheads
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The pointed part of an arrow (the weapon).
pos: noun
examples: Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.
gloss: The pointed part of an arrow (the symbol).
pos: noun
gloss: Any plant in the genus Sagittaria.
pos: noun
gloss: An obstacle for a horse to jump over, consisting of a triangular fence with the point facing towards the ground.
pos: noun
Related words: elf arrow
Derived words: broad arrowhead
delta arrowhead
leaf arrowhead
Translations:
lang: Ahtna
word: cʼekʼaʼ
lang: Western Apache
word: besh distʼog
lang: Azerbaijani
word: ox ucluğu
lang: Bashkir
word: башаҡ
roman: başaq
lang: Bulgarian
word: връх на стрела
roman: vrǎh na strela
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 箭頭 /箭头
roman: jiàntóu
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 箭鏃 /箭镞
roman: jiànzú
lang: Czech
word: hrot
lang: Danish
word: pilespids
lang: Finnish
word: nuolenkärki
lang: Finnish
word: nuolenpää
lang: French
word: fer de lance
lang: German
word: Pfeilspitze
lang: Ancient Greek
word: αἰχμή
roman: aikhmḗ
lang: Hungarian
word: nyílhegy
lang: Japanese
word: 鏃
roman: yajiri
lang: Japanese
word: 矢尻
roman: yajiri
lang: Navajo
word: béésh astʼogii
lang: Navajo
word: kʼaabéésh
lang: Norwegian Bokmål
word: pilspiss
lang: Norwegian Nynorsk
word: pilspiss
lang: Persian
word: پیکان
roman: peykân
lang: Polish
word: grot
lang: Portuguese
word: ponta de flecha
lang: Russian
word: наконе́чник
roman: nakonéčnik
lang: Russian
word: остриё
roman: ostrijó
lang: Slovak
word: hrot
lang: Southern Altai
word: јебе
roman: ǰebe
lang: Southern Altai
word: курч учы
roman: kurč učï
lang: Southern Altai
word: мис
roman: mis
lang: Spanish
word: punta de flecha
lang: Sundanese
word: paksi
lang: Swedish
word: pilspets
lang: Tagalog
word: palaso
lang: Unami
word: sànàkw
lang: Vietnamese
word: đầu mũi tên
chainring
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From chain + ring.
Compound parts: chain
ring
Inflected forms:
form: chainrings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A large forward ring on a bicycle that a chain attaches to, in order to transfer energy to a wheel. It consists of one or more sprockets that are driven by the cranks and pedals of the bicycle.
pos: noun
Translations:
ad-libber
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English ad lib
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English ad-libber
From ad lib + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: ad-libbers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A person who ad libs, particularly one who is well known for skill in ad libbing.
pos: noun
examples: As you may have heard, Bobby D. isn’t much of an ad-libber.
Translations:
batu
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: The drug methamphetamine hydrochloride, crystal meth.
pos: noun
tags: Hawaii
colloquial
uncountable
Translations:
runoff
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
hobbies
lifestyle
politics
sports
Etymology: Etymology tree
English run offdeverb.
English runoff
Deverbal from run off.
Inflected forms:
form: runoffs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: run-off
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: That portion of precipitation or irrigation on an area which does not infiltrate or evaporate, but instead is discharged from the area.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The next series of high tides or large waves will tend to rebuild the berm and redam the stream. Ultimately, increased runoff due to fall or winter rains will raise the stream level to the point where it breaks through.
gloss: Dissolved chemicals, etc, included in such water.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The runoff of nitrates is poisoning the lake.
Toxic runoff from rare earth mines in Myanmar is contaminating rivers that flow into Thailand, threatening the Mekong River and its basin's fisheries and farmland.
gloss: A second or further round of a competition, after other competitors (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A second or further round of an indecisive election, after other candidates (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: There will now be a runoff as neither front runner received more than 50% of the vote.
It is one of the left's best ever results and will raise momentum for next month's final runoff where only the two candidates will compete against each other.
Mr. Macron was unable to command more than a small plurality of support against several opponents in the first round of voting on April 10. Ms. Le Pen, who finished second, is his opponent in the runoff election on Sunday.
Derived words: farm runoff
instant-runoff voting
surface runoff
Translations:
tillage
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English tillage; by surface analysis, till + -age.
Inflected forms:
form: tillages
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The cultivation of arable land by plowing, sowing and raising crops.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Land cultivated in this way.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Much food is in the tillage of the poor: but there is that is destroyed for want of judgment.
gloss: The act or process of soil disturbance as a part of farming; especially, types of disturbance requiring draft animals or machinery for power.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Synonyms: tilling
Related words: carucage
Derived words: cotillage
no-tillage
overtillage
tillaged
tillage radish
zero-tillage
Translations:
propel
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English propellen (“drive out, expel”), from Latin propellō, from pro- (“forward”) and pellō (“to push, to move”).
Inflected forms:
form: propels
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: propelling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: propelled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: propelled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To provide an impetus for motion or physical action; to cause to move in a certain direction; to drive or push forward.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: When it had advanced from the wood, it hopped much after the fashion of a kangaroo, using its hind feet and tail to propel it, and when it stood erect, it sat upon its tail.
This tunnel assumed some measure of importance during the second world war, when it was used nightly as an air raid shelter for multiple unit electric trains which were propelled over the branch by a steam engine.
Primary mass relays can propel ships thousands of light years, often from one spiral arm of the galaxy to another.
gloss: To provide an impetus for nonphysical change; to cause to arrive to a certain situation or result.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
transitive
examples: I can discern your nature and see that even without any arguments (logoi) from me it will propel you to what you say you are drawn towards,
Black women helped propel Harris and president-elect Joe Biden to victory by elevating turnout in places like Detroit, Milwaukee and Philadelphia.
Synonyms: drive
push
Antonyms: stay
halt
stop
rest
Related words: propulsion
Derived words: nonpropelled
propellable
propellant
propellent
propeller
propelling pencil
propelment
repropel
self-propelled
self-propelling
unpropelled
Translations:
pedology
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ped-der.
Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon)der.
English pedo-
Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der.
Latin -o-bor.
English -o-
Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-
Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.
Latin -logialbor.
French -logiebor.
English -logy
English -ology
English pedology
From pedo- (“soil”) + -ology.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: The sub-discipline of soil science that studies soils as a component of natural systems or deals with soil genesis and soil classification, or studies the soil profiles or solum in its natural setting.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Translations:
reciprocal
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: arithmetic
grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
mathematics
sciences
Etymology: From Latin reciprocus, possibly from a phrase such as reque proque (“back and forth, to and fro”), from re- (“back”), prō (“forwards”) and -que (“and”).
Inflected forms:
form: reciprocals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of a feeling, action or such: mutual, uniformly felt or done by each party towards the other or others; two-way.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: reciprocal love
reciprocal duties
a reciprocal invitation to lunch
Let our reciprocall vowes be remembred.
gloss: Mutually interchangeable.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: These two rules will render a definition reciprocal with the thing defined.
gloss: Expressing mutual action, applied to pronouns and verbs; also in a broad sense: reflexive.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given quantities.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: The number obtained by dividing 1 by another given number; the result of exchanging the numerator and the denominator of a fraction.
pos: noun
examples: 0.5 is the reciprocal of 2.
gloss: A construction expressing mutual action.
pos: noun
examples: Depending on where reciprocalization applies (syntax vs. lexicon), the relevant reciprocal verbs are claimed to exhibit specific properties, in particular: (i) syntactic reciprocals are fully productive whereas lexical reciprocals have only limited productivity; […]
Synonyms: mutual
two-way
contrary
opposite
converse
inverse
inverted
cross
reflexive
commutual
correlative
corresponding
interrelated
reciprocal
reciprocative
Related words: reciprocity
Derived words: antireciprocal
irreciprocal
nonreciprocal
prime reciprocal magic square
reciprocal altruism
reciprocality
reciprocal IVF
reciprocalization
reciprocalize
reciprocal lattice
reciprocally
reciprocalness
reciprocal pronoun
reciprocal proportion
recipromantic
unreciprocal
Translations:
veganism
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English vegetable
English vegetable
English -arian
English vegetarian
English vegan
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mos
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)
Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.
English -ism
English veganism
From vegan + -ism.
Inflected forms:
form: veganisms
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A way of life which strictly avoids animal products and services involving the use of living animals.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Besides being a dietary choice, veganism is a challenging and powerful lifestyle
The purpose of veganism is to create a more just and compassionate society
A vegan lifestyle seeks to promote awareness, compassion, and peace. Veganism is an ethical system as well as a diet.
The absence of religious ceremonies, teachers or leaders, holidays and other conventions was further evidence that Friedman's veganism is "a moral and secular, rather than religious, philosophy," Turner said.
Veganism is a position according to which people ought to be vegans both now and in an ideal state.
My additional desire is that ecofeminists will embrace veganism as an important means for reducing that suffering
The next step is ethical veganism. This is not veganism because it is good for your health (and it is good for your health) or because it protects the envirinment (and it does protect the environment), but from a state of compassion.
Like many vegans, Moore said she chose her diet because she cares deeply about animals and wanted to "live [her] ethics." For her, extending veganism to her cats supports that choice and also helps reduce her environmental footprint.
An angry dispute between an animal welfare charity and its former employee will be the first case in Britain to decide whether ethical veganism is a “philosophical belief” that should be afforded the same protections as religion.
Veganism has gone from fringe to fashionable in a relatively short time. According to the latest count, around 3.5 million people in the UK, 7% of the population, are vegan.
gloss: Strict vegetarianism; the practice of eating neither meat nor other animal products, such as fish, milk and milk products, eggs, and honey.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
Related words: vegetarianism
Translations:
miniaturization
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin miniumder.
Italian minio
Proto-Italic *-āzi
▲
Latin -ereinflu.
Latin -āre
Italian -are
Italian miniare
Proto-Indo-European *-tew-?
Proto-Indo-European *-r-eh₂?
Latin -tūra
Italian -tura
Italian miniaturabor.
English miniature
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.
Late Latin -izōder.
Middle French -iserbor.
Middle English -isen
English -ize
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin -ātiōlbor.
Old French -ationbor.
Middle English -acioun
English -ation
English -ization
English miniaturization
From miniature + -ization.
Inflected forms:
form: miniaturizations
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: miniaturisation
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The act or process of miniaturizing or making smaller.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Something that has been miniaturized or made smaller.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Derived words: microminiaturization
ultraminiaturization
Translations:
bratwurst
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from German Bratwurst. The word is partly from braten (“to fry”) + Wurst (“sausage”), and partly from an older Middle High German brātwurst, in which brāt is an unrelated word meaning “ground meat” (compare German Brät). In modern German, the term Bratwurst is used almost exclusively for sausages fried or to be fried.
Inflected forms:
form: bratwursts
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A small (typically pork) sausage, usually served fried.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Yesterday we had bratwurst for dinner.
2012, Lindsey Galloway, (bbc.co.uk) A German enclave in central Texas
For just-right spiced bratwurst and sausage, try Opa’s Smoked Meats, a family-owned shop that uses original German recipes passed down the generations and always has samples on hand. Finish off any meal with a stop at Chocolat, one of the few chocolate shops in the US that uses a classic European technique known as “liqueur praliné”, where a delicate sugar casting encases liquor, espresso, wine or other liquid fillings. The casting is then covered in chocolate to make a confection that must be eaten whole, lest the encased liquid come dribbling out.
Translations:
edaphic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: geography
natural-sciences
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἔδαφος (édaphos, “ground”) + -ic. By surface analysis, edaph- + -ic.
Affixes: -ic
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Relating to, or determined by, conditions of the soil, especially as it relates to biological systems.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Thus, temporal inactive geophiles, such as the caterpillars of many butterfly species, only bury in the ground for nymphosis; even so they constitute an important food source for other edaphic species.
Translations:
malicious
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English malicious, from Old French malicios, from Latin malitiōsus, from malitia (“malice”), from malus (“bad”). Displaced native Middle English ivelwilled and ivelwilly (“malicious”), related to Old English yfelwillende (literally “evil-willing”). By surface analysis, malice + -ious.
Inflected forms:
form: more malicious
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most malicious
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: malitious
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Intending to do harm; characterized by spite and malice.
pos: adj
examples: He was sent off for a malicious tackle on Jones.
And novv, if you are a Malitious Reader, I expect you ſhould return upon me, that I affect to be thought more Impartial than I am.
They gathered soberly in the farthest recess of the ward and gossiped about him in malicious, offended undertones, rebelling against his presence as a ghastly imposition and resenting him malevolently for the nauseating truth of which he was bright reminder.
Translations:
physicochemical
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English physico-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)
Ancient Greek χῠ́μᾰ (khŭ́mă)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ία (-ía)
Ancient Greek χυμείᾱ (khumeíā)bor.
Arabic الْكِيمِيَاء (al-kīmiyāʔ)bor.
Medieval Latin alchēmia
▲
Ancient Greek χυμείᾱ (khumeíā)influ.
New Latin chēmia
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icus
New Latin chēmicus
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
▲
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
▲
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English chemical
English physicochemical
From physico- + chemical.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Dependent on the joint action of both physical and chemical processes.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Of or pertaining to physical chemistry.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Derived words: biophysicochemical
physicochemicalism
physicochemically
Translations:
kerfuffle
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Probably from Scots curfuffle, equivalent to ker- + fuffle, or related to Irish cíor thuathail (“confusion, bewilderment”). Similar to modern Welsh cythrwfl (“uproar, trouble, agitation”)
Base: fuffle
Affixes: ker-
Inflected forms:
form: kerfuffles
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: cufuffle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: cuffuffle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: curfuffle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: gefuffle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: kafuffle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: kerfluff
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: kerfluffle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: kurfuffle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: fuffle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: kerfuffles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: kerfuffling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: kerfuffled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: kerfuffled
pos: verb
tags: past
form: cufuffle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: cuffuffle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: curfuffle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: gefuffle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: kafuffle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: kerfluff
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: kerfluffle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: kurfuffle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: fuffle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A disorderly outburst, disturbance, commotion, or tumult.
pos: noun
tags: Commonwealth
informal
examples: You know all this kerfuffle about Jordan and Peter Andre, and how you don’t know if they’re really splitting up or it’s just an act[…]
There's been a bit of a kerfuffle the past couple days over something Sarah Palin said about Paul Revere.
The debate seemed innocuous—a minor kerfuffle, but nothing that couldn’t be resolved and moved on from.
gloss: To make a disorderly outburst or commotion.
pos: verb
tags: Commonwealth
Ireland
UK
informal
transitive
Translations: