yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
childhood
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English childhode, childhod, from Old English ċildhād (“childhood”). By surface analysis, child + -hood. Compare dialectal Dutch kindheid (“childishness”), German Low German Kinnerheid (“childhood”), and German Kindheit (“childhood”).
Inflected forms:
form: childhoods
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being a child.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Of a ſuretie, it is a ioyfull thynge to reioyce in the chyldhode of chyldren, but it is a ryght cruel thing to ſuffre the importunities of their mothers.
To our own surprise, our 40-year study of 1,000 children revealed that childhood self-control strongly predicts adult success, in people of high or low intelligence, in rich or poor, and does so throughout the entire population, with a step change in health, wealth, and social success at every level of self-control.
I recall with intense pleasure my discovery in childhood of the Greek myths and Homer's "Iliad," in various editions, from an early acquaintance with d'Aulaire’s to Roger Lancelyn Green's versions and, at the French school I attended for several years, a collection memorably entitled "Mythes et Légendes du Monde Grecque et Barbare."
gloss: The time during which one is a child, from between infancy and puberty.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: He stood transfixed before the unaccustomed view of London at night time, a vast panorama which reminded him […] of some wood engravings far off and magical, in a printshop in his childhood.
gloss: The early stages of development of something.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
uncountable
examples: the childhood of our joy
Derived words: childhood autism
childhood disintegrative disorder
childhood friend
childhoodless
childhoodlike
childhood memory
early childhood
early childhood education
en
midchildhood
middle childhood
prechildhood
second childhood
surgically induced childhood
Translations:
pash
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Clipping of passion.
Inflected forms:
form: pashes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: pashing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: pashed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: pashed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: pashes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To snog, to make out, to kiss.
pos: verb
tags: Australia
New-Zealand
slang
examples: ‘You gonna pash her?’
‘We only just started going together,’ I said. Pash her? Already? I hadn’t even kissed a girl properly yet.
‘Do you know how to pash?’ It sounded like a challenge. Jed Wall was a bit like that. When he wasn’t just hanging he was fighting or pashing or something that no one else was good at.
2005, Gabrielle Morrissey, Urge: Hot Secrets For Great Sex, HarperCollins Publishers (Australia), unnumbered page,
There are hundreds of different types of kisses; and there are kissing Kamasutras available in bookshops to help you add variety to your pashing repertoire.
A few hours later, having pashed near the bins outside a supermarket, I stumbled towards my tube station certain I had met the love of my life.
gloss: A passionate kiss.
pos: noun
tags: Australia
New-Zealand
examples: Anyway, the point is, my first pash — or snog, or whatever you want to call it — was so bloody awful it’s a miracle I ever opened my mouth again.
gloss: A romantic infatuation; a crush.
pos: noun
examples: ‘It isn’t a pash. Nancy Burke’s got a pash on Mr Richards and Mary Parkin has a pash on Miss Taylor, and so have other girls. But I haven’t got a pash on Rupert. It isn’t like that. I know it isn’t. I know it isn’t.’
Not until the outcome of Denise’s pash did I admit that my pash on Joan had been very different.
At school it was called a pash. Having a pash on big handsome Robin, who used to cycle up to the village in his holidays from boarding school, and smile at her. She still had a pash on Robin. He still smiled at her.
gloss: The object of a romantic infatuation; a crush.
pos: noun
gloss: Any obsession or passion.
pos: noun
Derived words: pash rash
Translations:
snog
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Uncertain. 1945. Possibly related to snug.
Inflected forms:
form: snogs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: snogging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: snogged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: snogged
pos: verb
tags: past
form: snogs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To kiss passionately.
pos: verb
tags: Commonwealth
Ireland
UK
colloquial
examples: 2016 Alya, "Gamer", Miraculous
This is about stepping up and representing, not snuggling up and snogging. This is serious business.
gloss: A passionate kiss.
pos: noun
tags: Australia
UK
colloquial
examples: And that was that. Where had I gone wrong? First night: park, fag, snog. Second night: ditto.
Translations:
vulcanize
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English Vulcan
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.
Late Latin -izōder.
Middle French -iserbor.
Middle English -isen
English -ize
English vulcanize
From Vulcan + -ize.
Inflected forms:
form: vulcanizes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: vulcanizing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: vulcanized
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: vulcanized
pos: verb
tags: past
form: vulcanise
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulfur to harden it and make it more durable.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Local workers hike up the side of the mountain and down into the crater at the top to harvest its sulfur—a byproduct of the gas that escapes from the volcano’s vents and collects near the shores of an acidic lake at the crater’s center. The chemical is used in industry worldwide, from making matchsticks to vulcanizing rubber, but Ijen’s sulfur goes mostly to local factories, which use it to bleach sugar.
gloss: To undergo such treatment.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: These vulcanized hearts, they only become more resistant when you ask for mercy.
Natural rubber […] vulcanizes readily at the double bonds to give a strong cross-linked structure.
Related words: vulcanicity
vulcanite
vulcanology
Vulcan
Derived words: devulcanize
vulcanisation
vulcanization
vulcanized fiber
vulcanizer
Translations:
biannual
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwi-
Proto-Italic *dwi-
Latin bi-bor.
English bi-
English annual
English biannual
From bi- + annual.
Inflected forms:
form: bi-annual
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: biannuals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Occurring twice a year; semiannual.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: The annual values were disaggregated into biannual values. Then the biannual values were disaggregated into quarterly values. Finally the quarterly values were disaggregated into the desired monthly values.
Collection of papers presented at the workshops during the 1988 biannual symposia in February (New Orleans) and May (Innsbruck).
[…] the biannual meetings between the President of the European Council and the President of the United States were formalized, there were to be two meetings per year […]
Biannual newsletter / The Society publishes a twice yearly newsletter, called "Headlines".
Under a lease, Abel is required to make biannual rent payments, one in January and one in July[…].
gloss: Occurring once every two years; biennial.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
proscribed
examples: The relative share of agriculture in GDP of the West Bank (calculated on the basis of fixed 1986 prices, and as a two-year average to deal with the major biannual fluctuations in olive production) declined[…].
Thus he argues that the members of the National Assembly were independent from the constituencies that elected them, because the latter (the assemblies, administrative and elected) are "biennially renewed," as was the National Assembly. […] This [being responsible to electors] is implicitly the case of the representatives in the National Assembly, who must also face biannual elections[…].
Now, after having solved the biannual period problem back to period one of the ten biannual periods, i.e. quarters 77–84 it is necessary to convert the state variables, namely n, SK and GK, from biannual to annual units.
"The Earth Charter opens a new phase[…]." (Mikhail Gorbachev, as quoted in The Earth Charter Initiative, Biannual Report 2002–2003, Earth Charter International Secretariat, http://www.earthcharter.org/files/resources/Biannual%20Report.pdf, p 10,[…]).
gloss: Something occurring twice each year.
pos: noun
examples: It was a biannual from April 1970 to October 1977 and has been a quarterly since fall 1978.
Derived words: biannually
Translations:
semiannual
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *sēmi
Latin sēmi-bor.
English semi-
English annual
English semiannual
From semi- + annual.
Inflected forms:
form: semiannuals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Biannual: occurring twice a year
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Something occurring twice each year.
pos: noun
Translations:
rehab
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: firefighting
government
Etymology: Clipping of rehabilitation.
Inflected forms:
form: rehabs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: rehabs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: rehabbing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: rehabbed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: rehabbed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Rehabilitation, especially to treat the use of recreational drugs.
pos: noun
tags: countable
informal
uncountable
examples: go into rehab
gloss: An institution for rehabilitation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
informal
uncountable
examples: The assimilationists would have you believe that there is no lesbian or gay underclass, white or of color. That the junkies, crackheads and rummies in the drunk-tanks and welfare rehabs are all straight. Our addicts all have ample checkbooks, the best insurance their professions can buy, and membership in the right upscale cliques.
gloss: A brief period of time spent away from the fire by a firefighter at a fire scene, for purposes of recuperation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To rehabilitate.
pos: verb
tags: informal
transitive
Derived words: gut rehab
rehab broker
telerehab
Translations:
autopoiesis
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: mathematics
sciences
systems-theory
Etymology: Coined in 1972 by Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, from auto- + -poiesis. (see also Ancient Greek αὐτόποιος (autópoios, “self-produced”)).
Affixes: auto-
-poiesis
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Self-creation; self-organization.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: If living systems are machines, that they are physical autopoietic machines is trivially obvious: they transform matter into themselves in a manner such that the product of their operation is their own organization. However we deem the converse is also true: a physical system if autopoietic, is living. In other words, we claim that the notion of autopoiesis is necessary and sufficient to characterize the organization of living systems.
Having clarified that their concern is with organization, not structure, the authors then proceed to define autopoiesis, the organization common to all living systems. It is a network of production processes, in which the function of each component is to participate in the production or transformation of other components in the network. In this way the entire network continually “makes itself.”
Being smart means being dynamic and nomadic, and against centralized bureaucracy; believing in dialogue and cooperation as against central authority; in flexibility as against routine; culture and knowledge as against industrial production; in spontaneous interaction and autopoiesis as against fixed hierarchy.
The German word for unfolding–entfaltung—also means development, and the process of emergent creation, or autopoiesis, was also the process by which Hegel's absolute spirit was not only working in the world but creating itself at the same time.
Translations:
eyeglasses
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From eye + glasses.
Compound parts: eye
glasses
Inflected forms:
form: eyeglass
pos: noun
tags: attributive
form: eye-glasses
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Spectacles, glasses.
pos: noun
tags: US
plural
plural-only
examples: Digging deeper, the invention of eyeglasses is an elaboration of the more fundamental development of optics technology. The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone,[…].
Translations:
leveret
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English leveret(te), from Old French leveret, diminutive of lievre (“hare”), from Latin leporem, of obscure origin.
Inflected forms:
form: leverets
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A young hare less than one year old.
pos: noun
examples: […] Shall I die like a leveret,
Without any resistance?—Help, help, help!
I am slain!
Fair Hand that can on Virgin-paper write,
 Yet from the stain of Ink preserve it white,
Whose travel o’er that Silver Field does show,
Like track of Leveretts in morning Snow;
As when two skilful hounds the leveret wind;
Or chase through woods obscure the trembling hind;
Now lost, now seen, they intercept his way,
And from the herd still turn the flying prey:
So fast, and with such fears, the Trojan flew;
So close, so constant, the bold Greeks pursue.
They heard Marvel squeal like a caught leveret, and forthwith they were clambering over the bar to his rescue.
Translations:
liger
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: Blend of lion + tiger
Compound parts: lion
tiger
Inflected forms:
form: ligers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An animal born to a male lion and a tigress.
pos: noun
examples: Tigons, ligers and a zeedonk have also been created by miscegenating mammals.
Translations:
cock-sparrow
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: cock-sparrows
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: cock sparrow
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: cocksparrow
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A male sparrow.
pos: noun
gloss: A quarrelsome, cocky person
pos: noun
examples: Shelley was a young fool; so are these cocksparrow revolutionaries.
Translations:
cock-robin
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: cock-robins
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A male robin.
pos: noun
Translations:
aspidistra
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: Etymology tree
taxonomic name Aspidistrabor.
English aspidistra
Borrowed from taxonomic name Aspidistra, coined by English botanist John Ker Gawler in 1822 from a blend of Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “shield”) + taxonomic name Tupistra (“a sister genus”).
Inflected forms:
form: aspidistras
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any of several Asian plants of the genus Aspidistra, having large leaves and small bell-shaped flowers; widely cultivated as a houseplant.
pos: noun
examples: 'Thank God they're not gentel aboutit.' 'Some of them are,' said Leiter. 'Tea-cups, aspidistras and tut-tutting all over the place.'
Translations:
seismograph
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From seismo- + -graph.
Base: seismo
Inflected forms:
form: seismographs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An instrument that automatically detects and records the intensity, direction and duration of earthquakes and similar events.
pos: noun
Translations:
seismology
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From seismo- + -logy.
Base: seismo
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: The study of the vibration of the Earth's interior caused by natural and unnatural sources, such as earthquakes.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
Translations:
seismologist
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English seismology
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Hellenic *-tās
Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs)
Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.
Latin -istader.
Old French -istebor.
Middle English -ist
English -ist
English seismologist
From seismology + -ist.
Inflected forms:
form: seismologists
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A person who is skilled at, professes, or practices seismology.
pos: noun
Translations:
seismic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Based on Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós, “shaking, earthquake”) + -ic, equivalent to seismo- + -ic.
Affixes: -ic
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Related to, or caused by an earthquake or other vibration of the Earth.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: seismic activity
gloss: Subject to earthquakes.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: a seismic area
gloss: Of very large or widespread effect.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
not-comparable
examples: With Spurs having avoided a seismic Cup upset, Newport's heroic display will be rewarded with a lucrative replay at Wembley.
But the most seismic change is the shift to being supportive of open access. In practice, most of the industry has collectively opposed this for the past 25 years. The Department for Transport has been particularly hostile, seeing it as little more than cherry-picking.
That the two leading candidates are women is seismic in a country imbued with machismo, where gender violence is rampant and the fight for women’s rights has been especially sluggish under the incumbent president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, known as AMLO, who is limited by Mexico’s Constitution to one six-year term.
Derived words: anaseismic
antiseismic
archaeoseismic
aseismic
asteroseismic
astroseismic
bradyseismic
coseismic
helioseismic
interseismic
isoseismic
macroseismic
microseismic
nonseismic
paleoseismic
paraseismic
peneseismic
postseismic
preseismic
seismical
seismically
seismic bomb
seismic damper
seismic design
seismicity
seismic line
seismic lithosphere
seismic load
seismic moment
seismic performance
seismic retrofit
seismic risk
seismics
seismic sea wave
seismic shift
seismic stratigraphy
seismic sustainability
seismic wave
seismic zoning
seismograph
seismology
teleseismic
vibroseis
Translations:
clade
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “shoot, branch”). Coined by British evolutionary biologist, philosopher, author Julian Huxley in 1957 in a paper titled The Three Types of Evolutionary Process in Nature. Doublet of cladus and possibly holt.
Inflected forms:
form: clades
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: clades
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: clading
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: claded
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: claded
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A group of animals or other organisms derived from a common ancestor species.
pos: noun
examples: All three clades containing Prunum and “Volvarina” species contain morphological features that do not collectively appear in any other living or fossil marginellid species (see above).
No one has ever tabulated the number or percentage of non-trending clades within larger monophyletic groups. The concept of a non-trending clade — the higher level analog of a species in stasis — has never been explicitly formulated at all. If only one percent of clades exhibited sustained trends, we would still focus our attention upon this tiny minority in telling our favored version of the story of life's history.
A clade is made up of an ancestral species and all its descendants; think of it as that part of an evolutionary tree that would fall off with a single saw cut.
gloss: A higher level grouping of a genetic haplogroup.
pos: noun
gloss: To be part of a clade; to form a clade.
pos: verb
examples: The phylogenetic tree for CiCBR shows it clades with the human cannabinoid receptors rather than with those other human GPCRs which most closely resemble the cannabinoid receptors.
Derived words: cladal
cladeless
cladic
cladism
cladist
cladistic
cladistics
cladogenesis
cladogram
crown clade
haploclade
interclade
intraclade
microclade
miniclade
monoclade
multiclade
paraclade
subclade
superclade
Translations:
apophenia
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
Etymology: From German Apophänie, from Ancient Greek ἀποφαίνω (apophaínō, “to appear”), from ἀπο- (apo-) and φαίνω (phaínō, “appear”), coined by German psychiatrist Klaus Conrad in 1958.
Inflected forms:
form: apophenias
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The perception of or belief in connectedness among unrelated phenomena.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Apophenia, Win had declared it, after due consideration and in his careful way: the spontaneous perception of connections and meaningfulness in unrelated things. And had never, as far as Cayce knows, said another word about it.
How to recognize something in sheer noise? A striking visual example of pure and conscious apophenia was recently demonstrated by research labs at Google: […]
Translations:
varnish
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
Etymology: From Middle English vernisch, vernish, from Old French vernis, from Medieval Latin vernix, veronix, from Byzantine Greek Βερενίκη (Bereníkē, “Berenice”), a town in Cyrenaica, now called Benghazi.
Inflected forms:
form: varnishes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: vernish
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: varnishes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: varnishing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: varnished
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: varnished
pos: verb
tags: past
form: vernish
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A clear or translucent liquid coating composed of resin dissolved in a solvent, which dries by evaporation to form a hard, protective, and typically glossy finish.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Anything resembling such a coating; a glossy appearance.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the varnish of the holly and ivy
gloss: A deceptively showy appearance.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
figuratively
uncountable
examples: And set a double varnish on the fame / The Frenchman gave you.
gloss: A passenger train, probably derived from the varnished passenger cars used at one time.
pos: noun
tags: US
countable
dated
informal
uncountable
examples: Every transcontinental but two settled on the simple articulated for freight service, and all of them coupled their varnish to the 4-8-4.
gloss: To apply varnish.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To cover up with varnish.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To make something superficially or deceptively attractive
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: varnish the report
gloss: To gloss over a defect.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: [...] Go love thy infant; love thy wood-chopper: be good-natured and modest: have that grace; and never varnish your hard, uncharitable ambition with this incredible tenderness for black folk a thousand miles off. Thy love afar is spite at home.
Derived words: desert varnish
Japan varnish
nail varnish
rock varnish
varnishless
varnishlike
varnish polish
varnish tree
varnishy
revarnish
varnishable
varnisher
varnishing day
varnishment
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: гланц
roman: glanc
lang: Danish
word: fernis
lang: Danish
word: lak
lang: Finnish
word: lakka
lang: German
word: Firnis
lang: Hungarian
word: kence
lang: Slovak
word: lesk
lang: Venetan
word: vernize
glottal
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English glottis
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
▲
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
▲
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English glottal
From glottis + -al.
Inflected forms:
form: glottals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Of or relating to the glottis.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Articulated with the glottis.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Her Malay was the Malay of the Staate of Lanchap [...] and she spoke it fierily, with crisp glottal checks, with much bubbling reduplication.
Both EE and SSBE feature glottal stops – unvoiced Ts – but in EE it can happen in the middle of words – eg “wa’er for “water” – whereas in SSBE it happens only at the end of words.
gloss: A sound made with the glottis
pos: noun
Synonyms: glottic
glottidean
Derived words: glottal catch
glottal fry
glottalic
glottalise
glottality
glottalization
glottalize
glottalling
glottal stop
glottal-stopped
infraglottal
intraglottal
nonglottal
periglottal
pharyngoglottal
subglottal
supraglottal
transglottal
Translations:
sneeze
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English snesen (“to sneeze”), alteration of earlier fnesen (“to sneeze”), from Old English fnēosan (“to sneeze, snort”), from Proto-West Germanic *fneusan, from Proto-Germanic *fneusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, pant, snort, sneeze”). Cognate with dialectal Dutch fniezen (“to sneeze”), Old Norse fnýsa (“to snort”).
Compare neeze, from Middle English nesen, from Old English *hnēosan (“to sneeze”), cognate with Old High German niosan (“to sneeze”), Old Norse hnjósa (“to sneeze”). See neeze.
It has been suggested that the change could be due to a misinterpretation of the uncommon initial sequence fn- as ſn- (sn- written with a long s), although the change is regular, seen also in snore and snort from Middle English fnoren and fnorten, and in late Middle English snatted from earlier Middle English fnatted (“snub-nosed”). The fn- forms of all these words fell out of use in the 1400s. Due to this rather universal adoption of the fn- > sn- shift within English by such a time frame, the idea of it being a simple sound shift has been suggested as well, with the specifically being a type of assimilation as the bilabial f- becomes alveolar s- to match the place of articulation of the following n-.
Inflected forms:
form: sneezes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: sneezing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: sneezed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: snoze
pos: verb
tags: humorous
obsolete
past
form: sneezed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: snoze
pos: verb
tags: humorous
obsolete
participle
past
form: snozen
pos: verb
tags: humorous
obsolete
participle
past
form: sneezes
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To expel air as a reflex induced by an irritation in the nose.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: To avoid passing on your illness, you should sneeze into your sleeve.
gloss: To expel air as if the nose were irritated.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To expel or displace (air, snot, etc) from the nose or mouth by the process above.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Lily shook her head violently and sneezed a large blue-bottle fly from where that insect had perched itself on the tip of her nose.
When I crossed the road, I sneezed a big achoo! My nose started to feel itchy.
I sneezed a big sneeze. It was so big I hit my nose on the sidewalk. Bow-ow. There was a smell in my snout that I wanted to get rid of. And it wasn't Muffet's rotten soup odor, either. That was actually kind of delicious.
“Okay,”he said, and sneezed a large drop of pinkish goop. “But you better have a lot to eat! I'll race you upstairs!” Wilmer shook his head. Sherman's hyper energy level seemed to have increased, and that was saying a lot.
Toothless sneezed a large amount of dragon snot right in Hiccup's face.
gloss: An act of sneezing.
pos: noun
examples: Jared's hay fever gives him terrible sneezes.
Translations:
belch
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English belchen, from Old English bielċan, from Proto-Germanic *balkijaną, *belkaną, probably ultimately of imitative origin.
Related to Dutch balken (“to bray”), Middle Low German belken (“to shout”), Low German bölken (“to shout, bark”), Old English bealċettan (“to utter, send forth”). See also English bolk, boak.
Inflected forms:
form: belches
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: belching
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: belched
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: belched
pos: verb
tags: past
form: belches
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To expel (gas) from the stomach through the mouth; especially, to do so loudly.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: 'Tis not a year or two shows us a man:
They are all but stomachs, and we all but food;
To eat us hungerly, and when they are full,
They belch us.
1746, attributed to Jonathan Swift, "A Love Poem form a Physician to his Mistress," http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14353/pg14353-images.html
When I an amorous kiss design'd,
I belch'd a hurricane of wind.
She eats too fast, belches behind a cupped hand, smiles.
gloss: To eject or emit (something) with spasmodic force or noise.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: Thick smoke belched through the funnels of the steamship.
Within the gates of hell sat Sin and Death,
In counterview within the gates, that now
Stood open wide, belching outrageous flame
Far into Chaos […].
Vulcan this plague begot; and, like his sire,
Black clouds he belch'd, and flakes of livid fire.
[…]beneath him sound like waves on a desert shore
The voice of slaves beneath the sun, and children bought with money,
That shiver in religious caves beneath the burning fires
Of lust, that belch incessant from the summits of the earth.
I sing the song of the great clean guns that belch forth death at will.
Ah, but the wailing mothers, the lifeless forms and still!
I grasped the cold slimy rung. My feet slithered and scrunched on stranded things. Next rung...the next and next...endless horrible rungs, hissing and smells belching from under the wharf.
A book entitled Emerging Indonesia has on its cover photographs of a sunrise over palm trees, bent women in coolie hats transplanting rice, a wooden bull burning at a Balinese cremation, and a liquid nitrogen plant belching black smoke into a clear, undefiled tropical sky.
gloss: An instance of belching; the sound that it makes.
pos: noun
examples: The hotel coffee machine gurgles out an acrid belch.
gloss: Malt liquor.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: c. 1699, John Dennis, letter to Mr. Collier
Porters would no longer be drunk with Belch
Related words: fart
pass gas
Derived words: belcher
belchy
outbelch
upbelch
Translations:
snore
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English snoren, fnoren (“to snore loudly; snort”), from Middle English snore, *fnore (“snore; snort”, noun), from Old English fnora (“snort; sneezing”), from Proto-Germanic *fnuzô, from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe; snort; sneeze”). Compare also Proto-West Germanic *snarkōn, Middle Low German snorren (“to drone”), Dutch snorren (“to hum, purr”).
The change fn → sn in this word is regular, seen also in sneeze, from Middle English fnesen (see sneeze for more).
Inflected forms:
form: snores
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: snoring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: snored
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: snored
pos: verb
tags: past
form: snores
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To breathe during sleep with harsh, snorting noises caused by vibration of the soft palate.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: While you here do ſnoaring lie, / Open-ey'd Conſpiracie / His time doth take: / If of Life you keepe a care, / Shake off ſlumber, and beware. / Awake, awake.
The lumpiſh husband ſnoar'd avvay the night, / Till coughs avvak'd him near the morning light.
gloss: The act of snoring, and the noise produced.
pos: noun
gloss: An extremely boring person or event.
pos: noun
tags: informal
Derived words: antisnore
snark
snorasaurus
snore-fest
snoregasm
snoreless
snorelike
snoreworthy
snory
Translations:
flashlight
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From flash + light.
Compound parts: flash
light
Inflected forms:
form: flashlights
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: flashlights
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: flashlighting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: flashlit
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: flashlit
pos: verb
tags: past
form: flashlighted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: flashlighted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A battery-powered hand-held light source.
pos: noun
tags: Canada
Philippines
US
examples: At school he used to do Dr. Jekyll turning into Mr. Hyde, shining a flashlight into his face.
gloss: A flashgun (device used to create flashes of light for photography).
pos: noun
examples: He sat in an arm-chair with his forefinger to his temple, and when the photographer's flashlight went off, he hoped that the hotel had caught fire and that this would end it all.
[…] the flashlight exploded like a tiny bomb, making the Vicar jump a little, which explains why his face is a thankful blur, his deadly role forgotten to history (I have the photograph before me now).
[…] two or three bright flashlights went off close to us. It seemed that some prominent person was being quickly interviewed by reporters and photographed just before the ship left.
gloss: A photograph taken with a flash camera.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: To illuminate with a flashlight.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Autis stepped carefully while flashlighting the fog in front of himself and Gar.
Derived words: find one's ass with both hands and a flashlight
flashlight fish
fleshlight
Translations:
comer
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English comere, equivalent to come + -er.
Base: come
Affixes: -er
Inflected forms:
form: comers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One in a race who is catching up to others and shows promise of winning.
pos: noun
gloss: An ambitious person; one who is catching up in some contest and has a likelihood of victory;
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
examples: This guy is is a real comer.
The transition from comer to also-ran can be quick.
Django, then, was not just a comer; he was a cause.
gloss: One who arrives.
pos: noun
examples: The champ will face all comers.
It was soon apparent that no every day comer was at the door. One servant whispered […] it was the bishop […]
Sullivan went on an unprecedented barnstorming tour across the country, taking on all comers and offering $1,000 to anyone who stayed four rounds, Queensberry rules.
Related words: aftercomer
come
downcomer
earlycomer
firstcomer
homecomer
latecomer
newcomer
up-and-comer
Translations:
vestry
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman vesterie, from Old French vestiaire (“room for vestments, dressing room”), from Latin vestiarium (“wardrobe”). Doublet of vestiary.
Inflected forms:
form: vestries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A room in a church where the clergy put on their vestments and where these are stored; also used for meetings and classes.
pos: noun
examples: The choirboys change into their cassocks in the vestry.
What a day, eh? Demmy, it's like the commencement of the rainy season in Bengal. But you'll find my carriage is watertight. Come along, my mother and Emmy are in the vestry.
gloss: An assembly of persons (ad hoc or recurrent) who manage parochial affairs; so called because usually held in a vestry.
pos: noun
gloss: A committee of parishioners elected to administer the temporal affairs of a parish.
pos: noun
examples: Near-synonyms: parochial church council, PCC, parish council (ecclesiastical sense, uncommon)
The vestry meets on the first Tuesday of every month.
Related words: churchwarden
Derived words: born in the vestry
select vestry
vestry clerk
vestrydom
vestryism
vestryman
Translations:
sinister
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *senh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *senh₂-is-?
Proto-Italic *senisteros
Latin sinister
Late Latin sinextrum
Old French senestrebor.
Middle English sinistre
English sinister
From Middle English sinistre (“unlucky”), from Old French senestre, sinistre (“left”), from Latin sinister (“left hand”).
Inflected forms:
form: more sinister
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most sinister
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: sinistre
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Inauspicious, ominous, unlucky, illegitimate.
pos: adj
examples: bar sinister
All the several ills that visit earth / Brought forth by night, with a sinister birth.
And in the meanwhile, Society shivered a little feverishly, filled now with the scions of those who had come over with the Jewish and American Conquests. Escutcheons were becoming valueless, how sinister soever the blots and clots upon them.
gloss: Evil or seemingly evil; indicating lurking danger or harm.
pos: adj
examples: sinister influences
the sinister atmosphere of the crypt
gloss: Of the left side.
pos: adj
tags: archaic
examples: my Mothers bloud / Runs on the dexter checke, and this ſiniſter / Bounds in my fathers:
His ſicatrice, with an Embleme of warre, heere on his ſiniſter cheeke;
Before the train had stopped he had decorated his sinister shirt-cuff with the inscription, ‘J. P. Huddle, The Warren, Tilfield, near Slowborough.’
gloss: Of the left side.
pos: adj
tags: archaic
examples: The shield was divided into five, with two coats of arms on the dexter side (the right-hand side from the point of view of the bearer of the shield)—London and Southampton—and three on the sinister side—Salisbury, Winchester and Portsmouth.
gloss: Wrong, as springing from indirection or obliquity; perverse; dishonest.
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
examples: Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts.
He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts.
He read in their looks […] sinister intentions directed particularly toward himself.
Derived words: ambisinister
ambisinistrous
bar sinister
baton sinister
bend sinister
sinister aspect
sinister chief
sinisterism
sinisterity
sinisterly
sinisterness
sinisterwise
sinistral
sinistrous
unsinister
Translations:
caber
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kápros
Proto-Italic *kapros
Latin caper
Latin *capreus
Medieval Latin *capriōbor.
Scottish Gaelic cabarbor.
English caber
From Scottish Gaelic cabar (“spar, pole”).
Inflected forms:
form: cabers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A long, thick log held upright at one end and tossed in the Highland games.
pos: noun
Translations:
lunacy
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English lunatic
English -cy
English lunacy
From lunatic + -cy.
Inflected forms:
form: lunacies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being mad, insanity
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The state of being mad, insanity
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Something deeply misguided.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Two days have passed since that day of lunacy. What a noise and a fuss and a chattering and an uproar there was! And what a welter of unseemliness and disorder and stupidity and bad manners! And I the cause of it all! Yet part of the scene was also ridiculous—at all events to myself it was so.
Synonyms: insanity
madness
craziness
craze
Derived words: balloonacy
commission of lunacy
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: лудост
roman: ludost
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 精神病
roman: jīngshénbìng
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 神經病 /神经病
roman: shénjīngbìng
lang: Danish
word: galskab
lang: Dutch
word: gekheid
lang: Dutch
word: krankzinnigheid
lang: Dutch
word: waanzin
lang: Finnish
word: hulluus
lang: French
word: folie
lang: German
word: Verrücktheit
lang: German
word: Wahnsinn
lang: Irish
word: gealtachas
lang: Italian
word: pazzia
lang: Manx
word: ard-ommidjys
lang: Marathi
word: वेड
roman: veḍ
lang: Norwegian
word: galskap
lang: Old English
word: mōnaþsēocnes
lang: Plautdietsch
word: Wonsenn
lang: Polish
word: obłęd
lang: Polish
word: niepoczytalność
lang: Russian
word: безу́мие
roman: bezúmije
lang: Russian
word: невменя́емость
roman: nevmenjájemostʹ
lang: Russian
word: помеша́тельство
roman: pomešátelʹstvo
lang: Russian
word: сумасше́ствие
roman: sumasšéstvije
lang: Russian
word: умопомеша́тельство
roman: umopomešátelʹstvo
lang: Spanish
word: locura
lang: Spanish
word: lunatismo
lang: Turkish
word: cinnet
lang: Turkish
word: çılgınlık
lang: Turkish
word: delilik
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: جنت
roman: cinnet
lang: Ottoman Turkish
word: مجنونلق
roman: mecnunluk
visionary
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English vision
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusder.
Middle English -arie
English -ary
English visionary
From vision + -ary.
Inflected forms:
form: more visionary
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most visionary
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: visionaries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Having vision or foresight.
pos: adj
examples: No more theſe ſeenes my meditation aid, / Or lull to reſt the viſionary mind.
gloss: Imaginary or illusory.
pos: adj
examples: I wrapp’d myself in grandeur then,
And donn’d a visionary crown—
Yet it was not that Fantasy
Had thrown her mantle over me—
But that, among the rabble—men,
Lion ambition is chain’d down— […]
To many, the visionary hope which is born of the imagination may seem the very mockery of nothing. We cannot imagine what we have never experienced.
Here Mr. Jackson smiled once more upon the company; and, applying his left thumb to the tip of his nose, worked a visionary coffee-mill with his right hand, thereby performing a very graceful piece of pantomime (then much in vogue, but now, unhappily, almost obsolete) which was familiarly denominated taking a grinder.
gloss: Prophetic or revelatory.
pos: adj
examples: Here frequent, at the viſionary hour, / When muſing midnight reigns or ſilent noon, / Angelic harps are in full concert heard, / And voiced chaunting from the wood-crown’d hill, / The deepening dale, or inmoſt ſilvan glade[…]
gloss: Idealistic or utopian.
pos: adj
examples: a visionary scheme or project
I confeſs, the Merit of this Candour and Condeſcenſion is very much leſſened ; becauſe your Lordſhip hardly leaves us Room to offer our good Wiſhes ; removing all our Difficulties, and ſupplying our Wants, faſter than the moſt viſionary Projector can adjuſt his Schemes.
gloss: Someone who has visions; a seer.
pos: noun
gloss: An impractical dreamer.
pos: noun
examples: For seven years [Christopher Columbus] begged persistently for aid, but in vain. He was looked upon as a visionary, and the very boys in the street mocked him as a lunatic. At length he was permitted to lay his plans before a committee of learned men, but only to have them ridiculed, the council dismissing him as a foolish enthusiast.
In a military sense Russia is defenceless, and we all supposed it a proof that they were mere visionaries when they started negotiations by insisting upon not surrendering any Russian territory to the Germans.
Along with the good planners there are lots of wild-eyed visionaries who don’t relate ideas to real-life practicalities.
Jefferson’s intellectual prowess led some political opponents to dismiss him as a visionary, but he was remarkably successful in politics.
gloss: Someone who has creative and positive ideas about the future.
pos: noun
examples: Robertson was finally asked to step down at the end of 1961. His successor would be Dr Beeching, who was seen as both visionary and axeman.
Translations:
portent
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin portentum, participle of portendere, from portendō (“to predict, to foretell”).
Inflected forms:
form: portents
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Something that portends an event about to occur, especially an unfortunate or evil event; an omen.
pos: noun
examples: It was a portent of things to come.
gloss: A portending; significance
pos: noun
examples: a howl of dire portent
gloss: Something regarded as portentous; a marvel; prodigy.
pos: noun
Related words: portend
portentous
Derived words: portentive
Translations:
compelling
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: By surface analysis, compel + -ing.
Inflected forms:
form: more compelling
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most compelling
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: compellings
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: very interesting; able to capture and hold one's attention
pos: adj
examples: The novel was so compelling that I couldn't put it down.
The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about "creating compelling content", or offering services that let you "stay up to date with what your friends are doing", "share the things you love with the world" and so on.
gloss: capable of causing someone to believe or agree
pos: adj
examples: He made a compelling argument.
Terry's goal looked to have put Chelsea in control on the stroke of half-time but Arsenal's response presented a compelling case for Wenger's insistence that reports of his side's demise have been greatly exaggerated.
gloss: strong and forceful; that causes one to feel like they must do something
pos: adj
examples: I would need a very compelling reason to leave my job.
gloss: An act of compulsion; an obliging somebody to do something.
pos: noun
Derived words: compellingness
uncompelling
Translations:
hark
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English herken, herkien, from Old English *hercian, *heorcian, *hiercian, from Proto-West Germanic *hauʀikōn, *hauʀukōn, derived ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”) + formative/intensive -k (see also the related hīeran, whence English hear). Equivalent to hear + -k. Cognate with Scots herk (“to hark”), North Frisian harke (“to hark”), West Frisian harkje (“to listen”), obsolete Dutch horken (“to hark, listen to”), Middle Low German horken (“to hark”), German horchen (“to hark, harken to”).
Base: hear
Affixes: -k
Inflected forms:
form: harks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: heark
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A whisper
pos: noun
Translations: