membrana
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin membrāna (“membrane, parchment”). Doublet of membrane.
Inflected forms:
form: membranae
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: membranæ
pos: noun
tags: archaic
plural
Senses:
gloss: A membrane.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: It sometimes happens likewise that they appear at the same time, when the membranæ are bordered by knotty excrescences and the lungs with tubercles.
By it he also explains the appearances which have induced Henle to imagine that it was furnished with innumerable glandular follicles, inasmuch as in vertical sections of the membranæ the appearance afforded by the deeper furrows is precisely that of mucous follicles.
Chronic aural catarrh most surely exists now on the right side, and as the membranæ are similar in appearance, each presenting unmistakable evidences of the aforesaid disease, I believe the left side had been affected by the chronic catarrh some time before, which in all probability induced the vertiginous attacks by an extension of disease to the labyrinth, and perhaps to the semicircular canals.
By this means the adhesion was divided, that portion of the membrana which was adherent being cut away and either removed or left adherent to the inner tympanic wall.
July 21st, 1893, the patient was etherized, and I endeavored to remove first the right and then the left incus, after their exposure by exsection of the posterior-superior quadrants of the membranæ.
Otoscopic examination of the ear revealed retracted but not thickened membranæ. The incus was visible through each. Hearing in the left ear was nil; in the right ear by means of the ear-trumpet only. The tuning-fork was not heard per ossa in either ear. The membranæ were found restricted in their movement under the pneumatic speculum.[…]By November 1st the right membrana had healed, and the man could hear conversation close to his ear without an ear-trumpet. A little tinnitus existed. / The day after the removal of the incus the patient could hear the voice close to the left ear, which had been impossible before. This ability, however, gradually disappeared before the membrana closed.
Sept. 20th. Is very sick. Pulse is 115. Temperature 103. I simply examined the membranæ, which were normal. / Sept. 22, 24 and 26. Patient too sick to examine for hearing. Membranæ both normal.
Paint the upper and lower surfaces of the membrana to be removed with some suitable anæsthetic; allow time for this to act, secure the membrana firmly with a pair of forceps or by passing a fine silk thread through it, and excise with a small pair of curved scissors or sharp scalpel as close to the inner canthus as possible.[…]In several cases which were kept under close observation for three or four years the animals did not in any way appear to be inconvenienced by the removal of their membranæ.
The membranae were clear and transparent and the incus could be plainly seen.[…]In chronic purulent cases it is necessary to excise the remnants of the diseased membrana, and the malleus and the incus, with their synechial bands, in order to liberate the stapes.
Symptoms.—It is not uncommon, especially after some debilitating diseases, for one or both of the membranæ to become paralyzed and to protrude over the eyeball, sometimes to such an extent as to cause considerable irritation to the patient and to interfere with vision.[…]Occasionally, too, the membrana becomes swollen and afterwards thickened, or it may be the seat of a tumour.
These may enlarge with the extension of the membranæ, but there is never any shifting.
Let us imagine the physical and the psychical as though they were separated from each other by a barrier like that between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid. For the maintenance of a proper balance between the two there must be a certain permeability in the dividing membranae, but under pathological conditions the permeability may be increased or diminished.
As it might be expected (under the concepts of evolution) it seems that there is a long series of intermediate conditions according to the degree of development which may have been reached by the membranae around the clinandrium.
The cells were filtrated through membranae Synpor 6 (VCHZ Synthesia Uhríněves)[…]of 0.4 u porosity on filtration devices with membrana dia. by means of an underpressure produced by rotary oil vacuum pumps. During filtration the cells on the membrana were washed with a 37° C hot M-medium. From the surface of the membrana the cells were washed and resuspended in an M-medium.[…]Following a 24 hours’ incubation in a cold room at the temperature of 4° C the samples were agitated and then filtered through membranae Synpor 6 of 24 mm dia. by means of a water pump.
In trypanosomes, the enzymatic conversion of the membranae form into the soluble form is accompanied by the unmasking of a particular immunological determinant, called cross-reacting determinant (CRD), which is located in the COOH-terminal phosphoethanolamine glycopeptide.
He believed that many chemical formation processes cannot be observed under the microscope (for instance, the construction of the membranae), but only the structures definitely formed become visible, sometimes with the aid of chemical reagents.
gloss: A thin, animal-derived, flexible planar material, such as parchment.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Parchment was used for the MSS. of the Pentateuch in the time of Josephus, and the membranae of 2 Tim. iv. 13, were skins of parchment.
The parchment being much dearer than papyrus, the membranae consisted only of a few leaves.
In the opening poem, he recommends the edition in membrana, which is the popular and less costly one. In I 117 he has in view the de luxe edition which, apparently, was sold in a different book-shop. We learn from Martial that the public at large apparently contented itself with a less costly edition in membrana,⁴ whereas only wealthier persons bought a regularly got-up edition (clad in purple, etc.). We also can understand the disposition of the poems, for in the opening poem (I 2) Mart. wishes to attract the attention of the public at large and, therefore, recommends the edition in membrana.[…] / ⁴ In Book XIV among the presents of the Saturnalia books in membrana are mentioned again. Friedlaender pp. 296 and 299 ff. wrongly thinks that the membranae were the more costly presents, whereas Birt, Das antike Buchwesen (Leipzig 1882) had already offered the correct explanation.
Related words: membrana tympani
membrana tympanica
Translations: