yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
wrongheaded
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From wrong + headed.
Compound parts: wrong
headed
Inflected forms:
form: more wrongheaded
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most wrongheaded
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: wrong-headed
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Having an obstinately (persistently, stubbornly) perverse/erroneous opinion or judgement.
pos: adj
examples: He's not just wrong, but wrongheaded, about raising the kids.
Reputation—a mere barren reputation, that brings nothing with it, save a post obit bond on posterity—has lost its ancient value: and the panters after posthumous reputation are now closely confined to a few wrongheaded enthusiasts, […]
Hardy was irritated for a moment, and then was filled with ruth for the poor wrong-headed youngster who was heaping up coals of fire for his own head.
Our view is that discussions about whether the c#95;i should be treated as random variables or as parameters to be estimated are wrongheaded for microeconometric panel data applications.
Translations:
compromise
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French compromis, from Medieval Latin, Late Latin compromissum (“a compromise, originally a mutual promise to refer to arbitration”), prop. neuter of Latin compromissus, past participle of compromittere (“to make a mutual promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter”), from com- (“together”) + promittere (“to promise”); see promise.
Inflected forms:
form: compromises
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: compromises
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: compromising
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: compromised
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: compromised
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: The settlement of differences by arbitration or by consent reached by mutual concessions.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: But basely yielded upon compromise / That which his noble ancestors achieved with blows.
All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter.
An abhorrence of concession and compromise is a never failing characteristic of religious factions.
That's the nature of compromises. They truly satisfy no one.
gloss: A committal to something derogatory or objectionable; a prejudicial concession; a surrender.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: a compromise of character or right
I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to the compromise of that sex the belonging to which was, after all, my strongest claim and title to them.
gloss: A breach of a computer or network's rules such that an unauthorized disclosure or loss of sensitive information may have occurred, or the unauthorized disclosure or loss itself.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To bind by mutual agreement.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: Laban and himself were compromised / That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied / Should fall as Jacob's hire.
gloss: To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to compound.
pos: verb
examples: The controversy may easily be compromised.
gloss: To find a way between extremes.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be recalled; to expose to suspicion.
pos: verb
examples: to pardon all who had been compromised in the late disturbances
gloss: To cause impairment of.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To breach (a security system).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: They tried to compromise the security in the computer by guessing the password.
Related words: promise
Derived words: compromise effect
compromiseless
immunocompromise
procompromise
anticompromise
compromisable
compromisation
compromiser
compromise rules
compromise to a permanent end
compromising
Translations:
talented
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English talent
English -ed
English talented
From talent + -ed.
Inflected forms:
form: more talented
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most talented
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Endowed with one or more talents.
pos: adj
examples: talented child
talented pianist
multi-talented student
Translations:
usable
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Old French usable, from the verb user (“to use”).
Inflected forms:
form: more usable
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most usable
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: useable
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Capable of being used.
pos: adj
examples: The late Professor Pat White was an outspoken critic. In his 1986 book Forgotten Railways, he dismissed as smoke and mirrors the oft-used argument that 33% of rail routes carried only 1% of the traffic, as it ignores the fact that a third of the national road network also only carried 2% of cars and lorries. But unlike rail, road got away with it because no mention was made of how much it cost the taxpayer to keep them usable.
gloss: Easy to use; exhibiting good usability.
pos: adj
gloss: homosexual
pos: adj
examples: 2019 episode 1 A Very English Scandal
Are you telling me that you were useable?
Related words: utilizable
Derived words: maximum usable frequency
usability
unusable
Translations:
equipoise
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *aikʷos
Latin aiquos
Latin aequus
Latin aequi-der.
English equi-
English poise
English equipoise
From equi- + poise.
Inflected forms:
form: equipoises
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: æquipoise
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: equipoises
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: equipoising
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: equipoised
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: equipoised
pos: verb
tags: past
form: æquipoise
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A state of balance; equilibrium.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Government was unnerved, confounded, and in a manner suspended. Its equipoise was totally gone.
“An easy evasion”, retorted the excited bride, who had lost her mental equipoise.
The words were not without emotion, and retained their level tone as if by a careful equipoise between imminent extremes.
And I saw him thus absorbed in godly pursuits in the midst of business, not once or twice, but very often. I never saw him lose his state of equipoise.
To my mind, the textual arguments in this case are close to equipoise.
gloss: A counterbalance.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Perhaps that quality which existed, in spite of the equipoise against it, in Sir Howard, was fidelity in friendship.
The cone's not fixed, it's hung by a chain from a lever, and balanced by an equipoise.
Her smiling equipoise is a statement of self-confident power against his sour fuming.
gloss: To act or make to act as an equipoise.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To cause to be or stay in equipoise.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: clinical equipoise
Translations:
bridle
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: equestrianism
hobbies
horses
lifestyle
pets
sports
Etymology: From Middle English bridel, from Old English brīdel, from Proto-West Germanic *brigdil, from Proto-Germanic *brigdilaz (“strap, rein”), equivalent to braid + -le.
Base: braid
Affixes: -le
Inflected forms:
form: bridles
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: bridles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: bridling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: bridled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: bridled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: The headgear with which a horse is directed and which carries a bit and reins.
pos: noun
examples: […] the horseman, who is the user of bridles and knows their use
gloss: A restraint; a curb; a check.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
examples: Let wisdom put a bridle on them before they are grown head-strong and unruly
gloss: A length of line or cable attached to two parts of something to spread the force of a pull, as the rigging on a kite for attaching line.
pos: noun
gloss: A mooring hawser.
pos: noun
gloss: A piece in the interior of a gunlock which holds in place the tumbler, sear, etc.
pos: noun
gloss: A gesture expressing pride or vanity.
pos: noun
gloss: To put a bridle on.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist.
gloss: To check, restrain, or control with, or as if with, a bridle; as in bridle your tongue.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation.
gloss: To show hostility or resentment.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Immigrant-rights and religious organizations bridled at the plan to favor highly skilled workers over relatives. (Houston Chronicle, 6/8/2007)
gloss: To hold up one's head proudly or affectedly.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Synonyms: restrain
Derived words: bridle gate
bridle iron
bridleless
bridlelike
bridle-path
bridle path
bridlepath
bridler
bridle trail
bridleway
bridlewise
bridle wrist
double bridle
draw bridle
scold's bridle
whim-wham for a goose's bridle
wigwam for a goose's bridle
witch's bridle
bridle up
unbridle
Translations:
dissipate
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1425, in Middle English, the adjective from 1606 to 1765; from Middle English dissipaten, from Latin dissipātus, perfect passive participle of dissipō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), also written dissupō (“to scatter, disperse, demolish, destroy, squander, dissipate”), from dis- (“apart”) + supō (“to throw”). Doublet of dissipe (“to dissipate”), now obsolete.
Affixes: -ate
Inflected forms:
form: dissipates
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: dissipating
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: dissipated
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: dissipated
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To drive away, disperse.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: August 1773, James Cook, journal entry
I soon dissipated his fears.
The extreme tendency of civilization is to dissipate all intellectual energy.
gloss: To use up or waste; squander.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The vast wealth […] was in three years dissipated.
So much for the effort and ingenuity of Montmartre. All the catering to vice and waste was on an utterly childish scale, and he suddenly realized the meaning of the word "dissipate"—to dissipate into thin air; to make nothing out of something.
If he prefers the bar he can exchange views with a Major de Wildman of Lord knew whose army, who calls himself King Farouk's equerry and claims to have a private telephone link to Cairo so that he can report the winning numbers and take royal orders inspired by soothsayers on how to dissipate the wealth of Egypt.
gloss: To vanish by dispersion.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To cause energy to be lost through its conversion to heat.
pos: verb
examples: The traction motors serve as generators when dynamic braking is used, the generated output being dissipated in fan-cooled resistance banks mounted in a removable roof section.
Regenerative braking is retained. Like rheostatic braking, this uses the traction motors to provide a braking effort, but the current developed is fed back into the overhead catenary rather than dissipated through resistance banks.
gloss: To be dissolute in conduct.
pos: verb
tags: colloquial
dated
intransitive
Related words: dissipation
Derived words: dissipater
dissipator
dissipatory
Translations:
dispersion
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: medicine
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
sciences
Etymology: From disperse + -ion, from Middle English dispersioun, from Old French dispersion, from Latin dispersiō.
Base: disperse
Affixes: -ion
Inflected forms:
form: dispersions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being dispersed.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A process of dispersing.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The degree of scatter of data.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The separation of waves of different frequency in space or time; the amount of such separation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The removal of inflammation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: interspersion
Derived words: antidispersion
biodispersion
dedispersion
dispersionless
electrodispersion
equidispersion
hyperdispersion
hypodispersion
isodispersion
London dispersion force
macrodispersion
magnetodispersion
microdispersion
nanodispersion
nondispersion
optical rotatory dispersion
overdispersion
pigment dispersion syndrome
polydispersion
redispersion
thermodispersion
underdispersion
velocity dispersion
Translations:
refraction
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: engineering
metallurgy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin refringō
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin refrāctiōbor.
English refraction
Borrowed from Latin refrāctiō.
Inflected forms:
form: refractions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The degree to which a metal or compound can withstand heat
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: refractive
refractory
Derived words: angle of refraction
astronomical refraction
astronomic refraction
atmospheric refraction
autorefraction
double refraction
index of refraction
nonrefraction
overrefraction
photorefraction
refractionist
Translations:
erectile
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From French érectile, from Latin erectus, past participle of erigere, equivalent to erect + -ile.
Base: erect
Affixes: -ile
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Capable of being raised to an upright position.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: Capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: The penis and clitoris contain erectile tissue which responds to sexual stimulation.
The observation that topical application of nitroglycerin to the penis may lead to erection adequate for sexual intercourse (Talley and Crawley 1985) has stimulated several investigations on the efficacy of this potential mode of treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Derived words: antierectile
erectile dysfunction
erectility
nonerectile
Translations:
scapegrace
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From scape (“(archaic) escape”) + grace (“grace of god”).
Compound parts: scape
grace
Inflected forms:
form: scapegraces
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A wild and reckless person (especially a boy); a scoundrel.
pos: noun
examples: He is now laden with that superabundant energy which makes a fool of a man, and a scapegrace of a boy, and he wants to work it off.
An infantry officer in the trenches, Graves wrote of his rocky and scapegrace return to civilian life: "I still had the Army Habit of commandeering anything of uncertain ownership that I found lying about; also a difficulty in telling the truth--it was always easier for me now, when charged with any fault, to lie my way out in Army style."
Translations:
heraldry
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From herald + -ry. First attested in 1572. Displaced earlier heraldy, equivalent to herald + -y.
Base: herald
Affixes: -ry
Inflected forms:
form: heraldries
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: heraldy
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: The profession or art of devising, granting and blazoning coats of arms, tracing genealogies and ruling on questions of protocol or rank.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Rouge Dragon Pursuivant is a specialist in heraldry at the College of Arms.
The ordered system of symbols which we know as heraldry came into being in the twelfth century to meet a military need. These symbols were emblazoned on shields, surcoats and fighting flags, and served as an invaluable means of identification when the features were obscured by the great helm.
gloss: An armorial ensign along with its history and description.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: Pageantry.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Onlookers were impressed by the rich and colorful heraldry.
Related words: herald
heraldic
heraldric
Translations:
exculpate
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Medieval Latin exculpātus, perfect passive participle of exculpō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from ex- (“out, from”) + culpa (“fault; blame”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix).
Affixes: -ate
Inflected forms:
form: exculpates
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: exculpating
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: exculpated
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: exculpated
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To clear of or to free from guilt; exonerate.
pos: verb
examples: 1896, Edward Manson, J. S. Henderson (editors), Reports of Cases in Bankruptcy and Companies' Winding-Up, Volume 3, Sweet & Maxwell, page 72,
When one comes to look at subsection 7, it is quite clear that the Court can only allow expenses to a person ordered to attend for examination if in the opinion of the Court he is exculpated from any of the charges made or suggested against him.
The inquest on keeper Davidson was duly held, and at the commencement seemed likely to cause Tony Palliser less anxiety than he had expected. Northrop knew all about Tony's flirtation with Lucy Davidson, but it also knew a good deal more about that lady than Tony did, and exculpated him.
Only a handful of defendants who are ignorant of the law succeed in exculpating themselves on either of the grounds discussed in Part B.[…]In the examples to which I will refer, defendants who make mistakes of law are exculpated by denying mens rea—the mechanism I described in Part C through which all defendants are exculpated when they plead ignorance of fact.
Translations:
exigency
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French exigence, from Late Latin exigentia (“urgency”) (from exigēns + -ia), from exigere (“to demand”).
Inflected forms:
form: exigencies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The demands or requirements of a situation which often demand immediate action.
pos: noun
tags: countable
in-plural
uncountable
examples: My business is with you, and you only. You should not have undertaken your office, unless prepared for its various exigencies.
No ordinary man could have escaped those frightful claws when Numa sprang from so short a distance, but Tarzan was no ordinary man. From earliest childhood his muscles had been trained by the fierce exigencies of his existence to act with the rapidity of thought.
[...] but these details I am compelled by exigencies of space to hold over until next month.
gloss: An urgent situation, one requiring extreme effort or attention.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Synonyms: exigence
necessity
urgency
Related words: exigent
exigenter
exiguity
exiguous
Translations:
upstage
Part of speech: noun
adv
adj
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: entertainment
lifestyle
medicine
sciences
theater
Etymology: From up- + stage. The figurative uses “haughty” and “to draw attention away” derive from actors moving to a higher and thus more visible position on a sloped stage.
Base: stage
Affixes: up-
Inflected forms:
form: more upstage
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most upstage
pos: adv
tags: superlative
form: more upstage
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most upstage
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: upstages
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: upstaging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: upstaged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: upstaged
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: The part of a stage that is farthest from the audience or camera.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: Toward or at the rear of a theatrical stage.
pos: adv
examples: The actor turned and walked upstage.
gloss: Away from the audience or camera.
pos: adv
gloss: At the rear of a stage.
pos: adj
examples: The minimalist play used no upstage scenery.
gloss: Haughty, aloof.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
obsolete
examples: If she hasn't time for this or that, if she refuses to make or keep appointments, if her face does not greet all comers with a sweet and charming smile, then the word is passed around that ‘So-and-So is getting high-hat and up-stage.’
gloss: To draw attention away from others, especially on-stage.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
transitive
examples: She only wore that dress to upstage everyone.
Although constantly upstaged by Miss Moore's vocal flings, Cary Grant brought the appropriate note of light comedy to his role.
Ronald Reagan’s peace plan for Nicaragua, which would have worked to his domestic political advantage even if it had failed, is upstaged by a surprise initiative by five Central American countries.
The romance and spectacle of the Olympics have been upstaged by the reality of the Olympics; both the Summer Games and the Winter Games are now as much big business as they are sport.
gloss: To force other actors to face away from the audience by staying upstage.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To treat snobbishly.
pos: verb
tags: broadly
transitive
gloss: To restage upward; to restage (a case of a disease, usually a cancer) to a higher stage than that found at last assessment.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Almost one-third of patients were upstaged after re-exploration, three-quarters of whom actually had stage III disease.
Translations:
arduous
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin arduus
English arduous
From Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”), akin to Irish ard (“high”).
Inflected forms:
form: more arduous
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most arduous
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance.
pos: adj
examples: The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.
Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four.
gloss: burning; ardent
pos: adj
tags: obsolete
examples: 1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy
Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.
gloss: Difficult or exhausting to traverse.
pos: adj
examples: Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.
Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.
Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an arduous cliff.
Synonyms: burdensome
demanding
exhausting
fatiguing
laborious
onerous
strenuous
strugglesome
wearisome
uphill
Related words: arduity
Derived words: arduously
arduousness
unarduous
Translations:
discourage
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage.
Inflected forms:
form: discourages
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: discouraging
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: discouraged
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: discouraged
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Don't be discouraged by the amount of work left to do: you'll finish it in good time.
Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged.
gloss: To persuade somebody not to do (something).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Discourage litigation. Persuade your neighbors to compromise whenever you can.
Synonyms: daunt
deter
dissuade
Antonyms: encourage
Derived words: discourageable
discouragement
discourager
overdiscourage
Translations:
syncretism
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: human-sciences
lifestyle
linguistics
religion
sciences
Etymology: From Latin syncretismus, from Ancient Greek συγκρητισμός (sunkrētismós, “federation of Cretan cities”), from συγκρητίζω (sunkrētízō, “to unite against a common enemy”), from σύν (sún, “together”) (see English syn-) + Κρῆτες (Krêtes, “Cretans”). By surface analysis, syn- + Crete + -ism (“Crete joining together”).
Inflected forms:
form: syncretisms
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The reconciliation or fusion of different systems or beliefs (religious, cultural, or otherwise cosmologic or ontologic).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Having thus established his trinity of hypotheses, M. Lamennais deduces therefrom, by a badly connected chain of analogies, his whole philosophy. And it is here especially that we notice the syncretism which is peculiar to him. The theory of M. Lamennais embraces all systems, and supports all opinions.
It provides a more natural explanation of the Colossian syncretism as stemming from local religious impulses that continued to wield a powerful draw on people converted to Christianity from the local Jewish communities and pagan cults.[…]The kind of syncretism we find at Colossae was not unique to that city or region.
Kraft's functional view of Anthropology eventually leads to syncretism because God is understood as working within a modern, humanistic paradigm.
The strategies of religious syncretism—the active transformation through renegotiation, reorganization, and redefinition of clashing belief systems—are consistent with the creolization process.
gloss: The fusion of different inflexional forms.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: In this paper a distinction is assumed between full syncretism, which affects whole morphemes, and partial syncretism, which affects only some case allomorphs, and also between syncretism proper and mere loss of a case morpheme.
Romanian conjugation displays several cases of syncretism, in which two paradigmatic slots share the same grammatical desinence.[…]On the other hand, the syncretisms of the imperfect and subjunctive are not phonologically conditioned and, as such, apply to every verb without exception.
In this chapter, I will investigate whether they deserve this name by looking at syncretisms between clusivity and other person markers.
Related words: syncretic
syncretize
eclectic
Derived words: syncretistic
Translations:
thorough
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English thoruȝ, þoruȝ, from Old English þuruh, a byform of Old English þurh, whence comes English through. The adjective derives from the preposition and adverb. The word developed a syllabic form in cases where the word was fully stressed: when it was used as an adverb, adjective, or noun, and less commonly when used as a preposition.
Inflected forms:
form: thorougher
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: more thorough
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: thoroughest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: most thorough
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: thoro
pos: adj
tags: alternative
informal
Senses:
gloss: Painstaking and careful not to miss or omit any detail.
pos: adj
examples: The Prime Minister announced a thorough investigation into the death of a father-of-two in police custody.
Not enough! Your work has to be thorougher than this.
It's the most thorough artwork I have ever seen!
The infested house needs a thorough cleansing before being inhabitable again.
gloss: Utter; complete; absolute.
pos: adj
examples: Dr. Oldfield once said to me, 'You talk to me quite all right, but why is it that you never open your lips at a committee meeting? You are a drone.' I appreciated the banter. The bees are ever busy, the drone is a thorough idler.
Synonyms: rigorous
scrupulous
comprehensive
outright
unmitigated
Antonyms: cursory
superficial
surface-level
Derived words: superthorough
thoroughbrace
thoroughbred
thoroughbreed
thoroughfare
thoroughgoing
thoroughlane
thoroughly
thoroughness
thoroughpaced
thoroughsped
thorough-stitch
thoroughwort
unthorough
Translations:
vacationer
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English vacation
English vacation
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English vacationer
From vacation + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: vacationers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Someone who is on vacation
pos: noun
tags: US
Translations:
painstaking
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From pains + taking; see take pains. The /ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ/ pronunciation which dominates in the United States suggests a reanalysis of the word as pain + staking.
Compound parts: pains
taking
Inflected forms:
form: more painstaking
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most painstaking
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: pains-taking
pos: adj
tags: alternative
archaic
form: painstakings
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: pains-taking
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
Senses:
gloss: Carefully attentive to details; studious; diligent in performing a process or procedure.
pos: adj
examples: All these painstaking men, considered together, may be said to have completed another species of criticism.
It is hoped to feature the historic vehicles to be found on the line in a future article, so that full justice may be done to the painstaking work of renovation on many of them, such as the North Eastern Railway Coach Group's NER autocoach No 3453.
Earl de Sadist’s pioneering efforts didn’t stop there. When the thrill of wedgies faded, he put his great brain to work and after months of painstaking experimentation, he emerged from his workshop with a revolutionary kinky invention: the nipple clamp.
gloss: The application of careful and attentive effort.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: I esteeme Bocace his Decameron, Rabelais, and the kisses of John the second (if they may be placed under this title) worth the paines-taking to reade them.
It is not by a flight of imagination that you gain the ascents of spiritual experience. It is by the toils and the watchings and the painstakings of a solid obedience.
Behold what an abundant recompense attends the small processes of the earth, with the help of a little warm air; and what wealthy returns the industry of the husbandman and the florist is preparing from a few seeds and painstakings.
Translations:
hanged
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: damned (as an intensifier or vehement denial)
pos: adj
tags: euphemistic
informal
not-comparable
examples: I'm hanged if I know how to get the idea through his thick skull!
Translations:
libretto
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Italian libretto, diminutive of libro (“book”), from Latin liber (“book”).
Inflected forms:
form: librettos
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: libretti
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The text of a dramatic musical work, such as an opera.
pos: noun
examples: From Mozart's letters we know that the composer decided to enlarge the part of Osmin, the harem keeper, because the originator of the part, Ludwig Fischer, had a freakishly low bass voice that Mozart wanted to exploit. Osmin's principal arias and ensembles were duly lengthened beyond what appeared in the original libretto, and he was given yet another song in the third act.
gloss: A book containing such a text.
pos: noun
Related words: librettist
librettistics
Derived words: librettistic
Translations:
peninsula
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: geography
natural-sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin paenīnsula, from paene (“almost”), and īnsula (“island”).
Inflected forms:
form: peninsulas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: peninsulae
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: pæninsula
pos: noun
tags: alternative
archaic
Senses:
gloss: A piece of land projecting into water from a larger land mass.
pos: noun
examples: Man cancelling Lisa's inauguration as president: I sentence you to a lifetime of horror on Monster Island. Don't worry, it's just a name.
[Lisa and others are chased by fire-breathing monsters]
Lisa: He said it was just a name!
 Man being chased by monsters: What he meant is that Monster Island is actually a peninsula.
Translations:
scrupulous
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French scrupuleux, from Latin scrupulosus.
Inflected forms:
form: more scrupulous
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most scrupulous
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Exactly and carefully conducted.
pos: adj
examples: Come on! You have got to admire their dedication to the rules! These two men are so scrupulous, they would sit at a broken red traffic light for six hours in the middle of the night. “Hey, red is red! We live in a civilized society! Red is red! We stay!”
gloss: Having scruples or compunctions.
pos: adj
gloss: Precise; exact or strict.
pos: adj
examples: He is scrupulous in his finances.
He is a scrupulous businessman and always acts in the best interest of his company.
gloss: Wrongly feeling guilt or anxiety about one’s morality; suffering from scrupulosity.
pos: adj
examples: Because I have a scrupulous conscience, I sometimes need to be reminded that not everything I do is sinful.
Related words: scrupulosity
scrupulously
scrupulousness
Translations:
entomb
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Old French entomber (“deposit in a tomb”). Equivalent to en- + tomb.
Base: tomb
Affixes: en-
Inflected forms:
form: entombs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: entombing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: entombed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: entombed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: intomb
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: To deposit (a corpse) in a tomb.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: At Cihhu (Cihu), near the town of Dasi (Daxi), 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Taipei on Provincial Highway 7, Chiang Kai-shek lies entombed above ground in a granite and marble coffin in one of his former country villas. The gravesite is “temporary,” as before his death Chiang had requested his body be returned to his native province of Zhejiang in mainland China.
gloss: To confine (someone or something) in restrictive surroundings.
pos: verb
tags: figuratively
transitive
examples: You mocking Birds (quoth ſhe) your tunes intombe / VVithin your hollovv ſvvelling feathered breaſts, / […] / Raliſh your nimble notes to pleaſing eares, / Diſtres likes dũps vvhẽ [dumps when] time is kept vvith teares.
[A]fter the original Victorian station was demolished and then entombed in concrete in the 1960s, Birmingham New Street became a byword for the worst excesses of the much-loathed Brutalist architecture so widely used to reconstruct inner-city post-war Britain.
Derived words: disentomb
entomber
entombment
unentombed
Translations:
froe
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Abbreviation of obsolete frower, from froward (“turned away”), referring to the orientation of the blade, at right angles to the handle. From late 16th century.
Inflected forms:
form: froes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: frow
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A cleaving tool for splitting cask staves and shingles from a block of wood.
pos: noun
examples: Patch shingles on the barn roof: do we have a maul and froe?
Translations:
mirthful
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English mirthful, equivalent to mirth + -ful.
Base: mirth
Affixes: -ful
Inflected forms:
form: mirthfuller
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: more mirthful
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: mirthfullest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: most mirthful
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: mirthfull
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Filled with mirth.
pos: adj
examples: [T]he Feaſt was ſerv'd; the Bowl was crown'd; / To the King's Pleaſure went the mirthful Round: […]
Translations:
shingle
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computational
computing
engineering
human-sciences
linguistics
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English shyngel, alteration of Old English sċindel, from Proto-West Germanic *skindulā, borrowed from Late Latin scindula, from Latin scandula, from Proto-Indo-European *sked- (“to split, scatter”), from *sek- (“to cut”). Doublet of shindle.
Inflected forms:
form: shingles
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: shindle
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: shingles
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: shingling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: shingled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: shingled
pos: verb
tags: past
form: shindle
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A small, thin piece of building material, often with one end thicker than the other, for laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of a building.
pos: noun
examples: I reached St. Asaph, a Bishop's See, where there is a very poor Cathedral Church, covered with Shingles or Tiles
gloss: A rectangular piece of steel obtained by means of a shingling process involving hammering of puddled steel.
pos: noun
gloss: A small signboard designating a professional office; this may be both a physical signboard or a metaphoric term for a small production company (a production shingle).
pos: noun
examples: He [...] hung a shingle as a barber.
When [these attorneys] were born, in the early decades of the 19th century, being a lawyer meant putting out a shingle and representing your neighbors.
gloss: A word-based n-gram.
pos: noun
examples: In the second phase, we produce a list of all the shingles and the documents they appear in, sorted by shingle value.
gloss: To cover with small, thin pieces of building material, with shingles.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly exposed all over the head, like shingles on a roof.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To increase the storage density of (a hard disk) by writing tracks that partially overlap.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Related words: shake
tile
Derived words: architectural shingle
asphalt shingle
bingle
dimensional shingle
hang a shingle
shingleback
shingle cap
shingle oak
shinglewise
shit on a shingle
square tab shingle
stew on a shingle
hang out one's shingle
reshingle
shingler
shingle up
solar shingle
w-shingling
shingly
Translations:
shingles
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
Etymology: From Latin cingulus, variant of cingulum (“girdle”), translating Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē), ζωστήρ (zōstḗr).
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Herpes zoster, caused by Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus.
pos: noun
tags: informal
uncountable
examples: From the description, Letha felt sure Jane had herpes zoster, or shingles, which often strikes cancer patients or others with depressed immune systems. Jane spent another week in the Bubble, treated with acyclovir.
Translations:
congratulate
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: First attested in 1548; borrowed from Latin congrātulātus, the perfect active participle of Latin congrātulor (“to wish joy, rejoice (with); to congratulate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from con- + grātulor, from grātus (“grateful, pleasing, agreeable, beloved”) + -or. By surface analysis, con- + gratulate.
Affixes: -ate
Inflected forms:
form: congratulates
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: congratulating
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: congratulated
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: congratulated
pos: verb
tags: past
form: gratulate
pos: verb
tags: alternative
archaic
Senses:
gloss: To express one’s sympathetic pleasure or joy to the person(s) it is felt for
pos: verb
examples: Remind me to congratulate Dave and Lisa on their wedding.
We must congratulate Dave and Lisa on getting married.
Ronaldo Sr., who is the record goalscorer in men’s international soccer with 136 goals for Portugal, congratulated his son on his Instagram Stories by posting a picture of his name on the squad list, saying: “Proud of you, son!”
gloss: To consider oneself fortunate in some matter.
pos: verb
tags: reflexive
examples: I congratulated myself on the success of my plan.
Related words: congratulation
congratulations
Derived words: congratulable
congratulant
congratulating
congratulative
congratulator
congratulatory
recongratulate
self-congratulate
uncongratulated
uncongratulating
Translations:
afebrile
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Hellenic *ə-
Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der.
English a-
English febrile
English afebrile
From a- + febrile.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Having no fever, without a fever.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
cadastral
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: cartography
geography
natural-sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from French cadastral (“relating to the cadastre”), from cadastre.
Inflected forms:
form: more cadastral
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most cadastral
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: cadasteral
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: cadastrals
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: of or relating to a cadastre
pos: adj
gloss: A cadastre.
pos: noun
Translations:
persist
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From Middle French persister (Modern French persister), from Latin persistere, from per- + sistere (“to stand”).
Inflected forms:
form: persists
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: persisting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: persisted
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: persisted
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To go on stubbornly or resolutely.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: There is a way in which Britain is certain to have war and its horrors and calamities; it is this--by persisting in her present course of unpreparedness, her apathy, unintelligence, and blindness, and in her disregard of the warnings of the most ordinary political insight, as well as of the example of history.
gloss: To repeat an utterance.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To continue to exist.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: Much of this prejudice, indeed, persists; for instance, in the heavy handicappings with which insurance companies saddle their West Indian policies, […]
Throughout the period, toothy giants persisted in the oceans. Perhaps the most spectacular was the megalodon shark.
gloss: To continue to be; to remain.
pos: verb
tags: copulative
intransitive
obsolete
gloss: To cause to persist; make permanent.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: This would not be saved after his session terminates because we don't have an actual user identity to allow us to persist the settings.
While hashtags aren't formally part of Twitter, some clients, such as Tweetdeck, will persist hashtags across replies to create a sort of message threading.
Synonyms: remain
abide
aby
astand
endure
go on
lie
prevail
hold on
live
persist
stick
stick it out
stick out
Antonyms: break
fail
yield
Related words: persistence
persistency
persistent
persevere
Derived words: hyperpersist
persistability
persistable
persist down
persistingly
persist it down
persistive
persistor
repersist
unpersist
Translations:
imputation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
computing
engineering
game-theory
genetics
lifestyle
mathematics
medicine
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
religion
sciences
statistics
theology
Etymology: From Middle French imputation, from Latin imputatio.
Inflected forms:
form: imputations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: That which has been imputed or charged.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: "If nothing is found you withdraw all imputation against this gentleman?" demanded the Inspector of the girl.
gloss: Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the imputation of the sin of Adam
the imputation of the righteousness of Christ
So, if a Sonne that is by his Father ſent about Merchandize, doe ſinfully miſcarry vpon the Sea; the imputation of his vvickedneſſe, by your rule, ſhould be impoſed vpon his Father that ſent him: […]
gloss: Opinion; intimation; hint.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: All the legends of the past, and all the stupefying imputations of Henry Akeley’s letters and exhibits, welled up in my memory to heighten the atmosphere of tension and growing menace.
gloss: The process of replacing missing data with substituted values.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The statistical inference of unobserved genotypes.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A distribution that is efficient and individually rational.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: imputability
imputable
imputableness
imputably
imputational
impute
reimputation
Derived words: geo-imputation
misimputation
nonimputation
overimputation
postimputation
Translations:
purgative
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle French purgatif.
Inflected forms:
form: purgatives
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: purging
pos: adj
gloss: something, such as a substance or medicine, that purges; laxative
pos: noun
Translations:
defilement
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: government
military
politics
war
Etymology: Etymology tree
English defile
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom
Proto-Italic *-mentom
Latin -mentum
Old French -mentbor.
Middle English -ment
English -ment
English defilement
From defile + -ment.
Inflected forms:
form: defilements
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of defiling.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Time has taken a terrible revenge upon mankind for his despoliation of the valleys and his defilement of the mountains, yet the industries and the railways of South Wales still put the bravest front upon an outlook which all may hope is becoming less saddening and less grim.
The new law also applies to acts of defilement besides burning, such as publicly ripping a flag up. Public display of the Nazi swastika and other Nazi symbols is already banned in Germany.
gloss: The state of being defiled.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The protection of the interior walls of a fortification from enfilading fire, as by covering them, or by a high parapet on the exposed side.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Derived words: nondefilement
self-defilement
Translations:
arcsecond
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From arc + second.
Compound parts: arc
second
Inflected forms:
form: arcseconds
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A unit of angle; 1/60th of an arcminute, or 1/3600th of a degree.
pos: noun
Translations: