yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
frow
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle Dutch vrouwe (“lady”), from Old Dutch *frōwa, from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā, from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ (“lady, mistress”), from Proto-Indo-European *prōw- (“right; judge, master”).
Cognate with Dutch vrouw (“woman, wife, lady, mistress”), Low German frouw, frauw (“woman, wife, lady”), German Frau (“woman, wife, lady”), Swedish fru, Icelandic freyja (“lady, mistress”, in compounds), Old English frōwe (“woman”), Old English frēa (“lord, master, husband”). Doublet of frau, vrou, and vrouw.
Inflected forms:
form: frows
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A woman; a wife, especially a Dutch or German one.
pos: noun
examples: Mrs. Frances, a Frow, Daughter to Vanlock
1846, Captain Butler, A Glimpse of the Frontier, and a Gallop through the Cape Colony, W. Harrison Ainsworth (editor), The New Monthly Magazine and Humorist, 1846, Part 2, page 466,
[…] on our way we stopped at several houses, our companions having numerous acquaintances among the young frows, to flirt with after their ungainly fashion. Cape Dutch is not the language for love.
gloss: A slovenly woman; a wench; a lusty woman.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: A big, fat woman; a slovenly, coarse, or untidy woman; a woman of low character.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
Translations:
spiv
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Unknown. Perhaps from spiff, spiffy. Spiv was the nickname of Henry Bagster, a Londoner arrested a number of times in 1904-6 for activities as described below, and may have been the archetype. Also possibly from Romani spiv (“sparrow”), as active and opportunistic.
Inflected forms:
form: spivs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A smartly dressed person who trades in illicit, black-market or stolen goods, especially during World War II.
pos: noun
tags: Ireland
UK
historical
gloss: A flashy con artist, often homeless, who lives by his wits.
pos: noun
tags: Ireland
UK
dated
examples: I mean, Mayfair is just top spivs stepping into the slippers of the former gentry, and Belgravia, like I've said, is all flats in houses built as palaces, and Chelsea—well!
It was Robeson who introduced me to the other blacks in New York, the Show Boat cast, the hangers-on, girlfriends, spivs, and bookies. "My people," he called them, "my brothers and sisters" […]
I make no apology for attacking spivs and gamblers who did more harm to the British economy than [transport union leader] Bob Crow could achieve in his wildest Trotskyite fantasies, while paying themselves outrageous bonuses underwritten by the taxpayer.
gloss: A low and common thief.
pos: noun
tags: Ireland
UK
dated
gloss: A slacker; one who shirks responsibility.
pos: noun
tags: Ireland
UK
dated
Derived words: spivish
spivvery
spivvish
spivvy
Translations:
sirocco
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Italian sciroccobor.
English sirocco
Borrowed from Italian scirocco (“south-east wind”).
Inflected forms:
form: siroccos
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: sciroc
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: siroc
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: scirocco
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A hot and often strong southerly to southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean that originates in the Sahara and adjacent North African regions.
pos: noun
examples: But come, the board is spread; our silver lamp / Is trimm’d, and heeds not the sirocco’s damp.
Diese Toleranz und largeur des Herzens, die Alles „verzeiht“, weil sie Alles „begreift“, ist Scirocco für uns.
gloss: A draft of hot air from an artificial source of heat.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
examples: In the hearth at the north wall a large fire cracked and lisped, flushing the room with a dry sirocco that caused frozen skin to tingle.
Derived words: siroccoish
Translations:
tolerable
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English tolerable, borrowed from Middle French tolerable, from Latin tolerābilis.
Inflected forms:
form: more tolerable
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most tolerable
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: tollerable
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Capable of being borne, tolerated or endured; bearable or endurable.
pos: adj
gloss: Moderate in degree; mediocre; passable, acceptable or so-so.
pos: adj
examples: A cabled despatch is better than nothing, but a voicecast of tolerable quality is preferable, and in certain types of story a voicecast with live or recorded actuality is best of all.
gloss: Such as to be tolerated or countenanced; permissible; allowable.
pos: adj
gloss: In fair health; passably well.
pos: adj
Synonyms: abideable
bearable
endurable
livable
portable
sufferable
supportable
survivable
tolerable
withstandable
Antonyms: insufferable
insupportable
intolerable
nonsurvivable
nontolerable
unabideable
unbearable
unendurable
unlivable
unopposable
unsufferable
unsupportable
unsurvivable
untolerable
unwithstandable
Related words: tolerance
tolerant
tolerate
lasting
Derived words: biotolerable
immunotolerable
intolerable
tolerability
tolerableness
tolerablish
tolerably
untolerable
Translations:
suspended
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
botany
chemistry
entertainment
food
law
lifestyle
medicine
music
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Caused to stop for a while; interrupted or delayed.
pos: adj
gloss: Caused to stop for a while; interrupted or delayed.
pos: adj
gloss: Hung from above.
pos: adj
examples: There are already strong indications that the relatively high cost of one fully suspended motor with flexible drive to both bogie axles [...] is not much lower than the cost of two fully suspended motors; [...].
gloss: Attached slightly below the summit of the ovary.
pos: adj
gloss: Paid for but not consumed by a customer, so that it can be given to a less fortunate person.
pos: adj
tags: usually
gloss: A chemical suspension
pos: adj
gloss: Having had its third omitted and replaced with a major second or perfect fourth.
pos: adj
Synonyms: abeyant
dormant
paused
delayed
Derived words: nonsuspended
nose-suspended
suspended coffee
suspended congress
suspended hyphen
suspended marriage
unsuspended
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: спрян
roman: sprjan
lang: Bulgarian
word: прекратен
roman: prekraten
lang: Catalan
word: en suspens
lang: French
word: suspendu
lang: German
word: unterbrochen
lang: Hindi
word: स्थगित
roman: sthagit
lang: Italian
word: sospeso
lang: Italian
word: interrotto
lang: Italian
word: rimandato
lang: Russian
word: приостано́вленный
roman: priostanóvlennyj
lang: Russian
word: пре́рванный
roman: prérvannyj
lang: Russian
word: заде́ржанный
roman: zadéržannyj
lang: Spanish
word: suspendido
lang: Swedish
word: avbruten
lang: Swedish
word: pausad
lang: Urdu
word: مُعَطَّل
roman: mu'attal
acclimatise
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Old French a-
French a-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-
Proto-Indo-European *-éyti
Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-
Proto-Indo-European *-né-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti
Proto-Hellenic *klíňňō
Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)
Ancient Greek κλῐ́μᾰ (klĭ́mă)bor.
Latin climalbor.
Middle French climat
French climat
Proto-Italic *-āzi
▲
Latin -ereinflu.
Latin -āre
Old French -ier
Middle French -er
French -er
French acclimaterbor.
English acclimate
English -ise
English acclimatise
From acclimate + -ise.
Inflected forms:
form: acclimatises
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: acclimatising
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: acclimatised
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: acclimatised
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Non-Oxford British English and New Zealand standard spelling of acclimatize.
pos: verb
examples: The England manager can be encouraged by more evidence that Rickie Lambert has quickly acclimatised to international football, with another headed goal to add to the one he scored against Scotland, but Welbeck's ban comes at a time when Wayne Rooney and Andy Carroll are already out and Daniel Sturridge is likely to join them.
Translations:
zesty
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English zest
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English zesty
From zest + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: zestier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: more zesty
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: zestiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: most zesty
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Having a piquant or pungent taste; spicy.
pos: adj
gloss: Zestful.
pos: adj
gloss: (of a man) Flamboyantly or effeminately gay.
pos: adj
tags: informal
gloss: Gay.
pos: adj
tags: Internet
broadly
Derived words: zestily
zestiness
Translations:
zestful
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From zest + -ful (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun).
Base: zest
Affixes: -ful
Inflected forms:
form: more zestful
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most zestful
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Full of zest.
pos: adj
gloss: Full of zest.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
examples: [T]here appeared a narrowly patriotic government, which presently developed into an aggressive, vindictive and pitiless dictatorship, and set itself at once to the zestful persecution of the unfortunate ethnic minorities (about a third of the entire population) caught in the net of its all too ample boundaries.
[T]he former priest, by now habituated to military life, and even zestful for it, enlisted under the new young king, with the rank of captain.
gloss: Full of zest.
pos: adj
tags: figuratively
examples: Debonair youth! The spurs, the wide felt hat, the open shirt, the belt holding the array of small pouches, including a holstered revolver, the delight in the long stock-whip having a bright green silk cracker to produce loud reports, ranging from slow rifle fire to the rat-tat-tat of a machine-gun, all told the story of zestful youth.
Derived words: unzestful
zestfully
zestfulness
Translations:
swaption
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Topics: business
finance
Etymology: Blend of swap + option.
Compound parts: swap
option
Inflected forms:
form: swaptions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An instrument granting the owner an option to enter an interest rate swap.
pos: noun
gloss: More generally, an option on any type of swap.
pos: noun
Translations:
televangelist
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: Blend of television + evangelist.
Compound parts: television
evangelist
Inflected forms:
form: televangelists
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A religious minister (often a Christian priest or minister) who devotes a large portion of his or her ministry to television broadcasts to a regular viewing audience.
pos: noun
examples: Pastor Walton had spent several years learning from the televangelist host of Success-N-Life, Robert Tilton, at his Bible school in Texas.
Translations:
loveliness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
Etymology: From Middle English luflynes; equivalent to lovely + -ness.
Base: lovely
Affixes: -ness
Inflected forms:
form: lovelinesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The property of being lovely, of attractiveness, beauty, appearing to be lovable.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: A thing of beauty is a joy for ever: / Its loveliness increases; it will never / Pass into nothingness; but still will keep / A bower quiet for us, and a sleep / Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.
Then, seated in her barbaric chair above them all, with myself at her feet, was the veiled white woman, whose loveliness and awesome power seemed to visibly shine about her like a halo, or rather like the glow from some unseen light.
gloss: The result of being lovely.
pos: noun
tags: countable
gloss: A group of ladybirds.
pos: noun
tags: collective
countable
uncountable
examples: 'A loveliness of ladybirds,' whispers Roisin to her sleeping child, and looks at her husband proudly. He grins back. 'Aye, the plague of last summer. Couldn't pick up a glass of lemonade without finding a hundred ladybirds using it as a bubble-bath.'
A loveliness of ladybugs is enjoying lunch - little aphids that pepper a crop of soybeans.
Sparks of sunlight caught on a loveliness of ladybirds that had floated into the waiting room through an open door.
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: красота
roman: krasota
lang: Bulgarian
word: прелест
roman: prelest
lang: Esperanto
word: beleco
lang: French
word: beauté
lang: French
word: charme
lang: Hebrew
word: חן
lang: Hungarian
word: kedvesség
lang: Italian
word: amenità
lang: Latvian
word: mīlīgums
lang: Latvian
word: mīlība
lang: Plautdietsch
word: Scheenheit
lang: Polish
word: urok
lang: Polish
word: powab
lang: Tamil
word: அழகு
roman: aḻaku
crase
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: crases
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: crasing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: crased
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: crased
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: Early Modern spelling of craze (“break into pieces, crack”).
pos: verb
examples: […] verily it behoueth them ouer whome wee haue rule, not to runne about, neither by their craftie & deceitful rashnes to crase the concord of Byshops agreeing togither […]
Imprimis, The Imperiall Crowne of this Realme of Goulde, the Border garnished with seaven Ballaces, eight Saphiers, five pointed Diamonds, twenty Rubies two of them being crased, nineteen Pearls […]
[…] had Maister Can had either any shame in his forehead, or wit in his head-piece, he would never have adventured in so shamefull, or shameles rather, a manner, to vent so evident an untrueth, against his owne eye-sight and the open view of all men, and thereby to crase & crack, yea to wrack, not his conscience only, but his credite too.
Translations:
belabour
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From be- (“on, upon, about, over”) + labour. Compare bework, betoil, beswink.
Base: labour
Affixes: be-
Inflected forms:
form: belabours
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: belabouring
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: belaboured
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: belaboured
pos: verb
tags: past
form: belabor
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: To labour about; labour over; to work hard upon; to ply diligently.
pos: verb
tags: UK
obsolete
transitive
gloss: To beat or thump (someone) soundly.
pos: verb
tags: UK
transitive
examples: 1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part III Chapter X, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling
He saw the village; he was seen coming bending forward upon his horse, belabouring it with great blows, the girths dripping with blood.
[F]ew country people there are who do not love to see two sturdy fellows thwack and belabour each other with quarter-staff, single-stick, or fists.
gloss: To attack (someone) verbally.
pos: verb
tags: UK
transitive
gloss: To discuss or explain (something) excessively or repeatedly; to harp on or overelaborate.
pos: verb
tags: UK
transitive
examples: 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, inaugural speech
Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belabouring those problems which divide us.
And so, to belabour the school metaphor, diehard fans of both those fallen leaders resent this pair for snitching in class.
Derived words: belabouredly
belabourer
belabour the point
Translations:
bifurcated
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From verb bifurcate, from Medieval Latin bifurcatus, past participle of bifurcare, from Latin bifurcus (“two-pronged”), from bi- + furca (“fork”).
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Divided into two branches.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Near-synonyms: bifid, bipartite, bilobar, bilobular, split, forked
Elizabeth's disturbing presentation of herself as both virginal and sexual bifurcated after her death into opinion about whether she was virginal or sexual, so that on the one hand Elizabeth was apotheosized as the saint who through her refusal to marry had kept England Protestant and free, while on the other hand she was still the object of detraction by persons such as “one Sheapheard, a barrister of Lincolns Inn, [and] a base Jesuited papist,” who during James I's reign uttered ”base and scandalous” words regarding the late queen's honor.
Translations:
stupidity
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Latin stupiditātem, accusative of Latin stupiditās, equivalent to stupid + -ity.
Base: stupid
Affixes: -ity
Inflected forms:
form: stupidities
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: stupidité
pos: noun
tags: alternative
rare
Senses:
gloss: The property of being stupid.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: I suppose you can put it down to gross stupidity, but that's not much of an excuse.
And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes. He said that if you wanted to do anything for them, you must rule them, not pamper them. Soft heartedness caused more harm than good.
gloss: An act that is stupid.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: Jimmy's stupidity cost him his car.
8. They require that crass stupidities shall not be played upon the reader as “the craft of the woodsman, the delicate art of the forest,” by either the author or the people in the tale.
Synonyms: dumbness
idiocy
schmuckiness
stupidicy
unintelligence
Antonyms: intelligence
Derived words: artificial stupidity
natural stupidity
stupidity tax
Translations:
shyness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English shy
English shy
Proto-Germanic *-in-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ti
Proto-Germanic *-ōną
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Middle English -nesse
English -ness
English shyness
From shy + -ness.
Inflected forms:
form: shynesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The quality of being shy; a fear of social interactions.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: Her shyness kept her from asking him to the prom.
Translations:
blandish
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English blaundishen (“to flatter; to fawn; to be enticing or persuasive; to be favourable; of the sea: to become calm”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman blaundishen, from blandiss-, the extended stem of Middle French blandir + Middle English -ishen (suffix forming verbs). Blandir is derived from Latin blandīrī (“to fawn, flatter; to delude”), from blandus (“fawning, flattering, smooth, suave; persuasive; alluring, enticing, seductive; agreeable, pleasant”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“erroneous, false; bad, evil”)) + -iō (suffix forming causative verbs from adjectives). The English word is analysable as bland + -ish; compare bland (“agreeable, pleasant, suave; mild, soothing”).
Base: bland
Affixes: -ish
Inflected forms:
form: blandishes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: blandishing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: blandished
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: blandished
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To persuade someone by using flattery; to cajole.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To praise someone dishonestly; to flatter or butter up.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Derived words: blandisher
blandishment
Translations:
bounteous
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English bountevous, from Old French bontios; by surface analysis, bounty + ous.
Inflected forms:
form: more bounteous
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most bounteous
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: bountious
pos: adj
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Inclined to be generous.
pos: adj
examples: Which with a bounteous hand was kindly lent
Be bounteous at our Meale. Giue me thy hand, / Thou haſt bin rightly honeſt, ſo haſt thou […]
Hail, univerſal Lord, be bounteous ſtill / To give us onely good; […]
gloss: Liberal or abundant.
pos: adj
tags: usually
examples: “Your Grace may be well assured,” said the Friar, “that, with the grace of Saint Dunstan, I shall find the way of multiplying your most bounteous gift.”
“I’d like to say it’s not just bounteous privilege, but it is. People like Boris Johnson, Rishi Sunak, they’re incredibly cut off from the world. […]
Derived words: bounteously
bounteousness
overbounteous
unbounteous
Translations:
shorter
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: shorters
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A short, a short seller: one who engages in short selling.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
gloss: One who makes a dishonest profit by clipping and filing coins.
pos: noun
tags: UK
obsolete
slang
examples: My grandfather, as I said before, was connected with a gang of shorters, and sometimes shortened money, […]
Translations:
cartographer
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English cartography
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English cartographer
From cartography + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: cartographers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One who makes maps or charts.
pos: noun
Translations:
cherubic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English cherub
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English cherubic
From cherub + -ic.
Inflected forms:
form: more cherubic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most cherubic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of, or relating to a cherub; angelic.
pos: adj
examples: His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.
There wasn't a room that had not been clad, picture-railed, dadoed, panelled, stained, gilded, bordered and generally made over to within an inch of its life - can I interest anyone in a gold cherubic sconce?
the flyaway pale curls and his round, cherubic face
“Hey, sweet-cheeks! Can you take my order real quick?” “Hi. Sure thing.” “Sorry--” “What can I get you?” “Uh, mixed green salad, and we'll do the garlic zoodles.” “Zoodles. Good choice.” “Thank you.” “(inhales deeply) "Good choice."” (indistinct chatter) “Zoodles are zucchini noodles.” “"Sweet cheeks"? Seriously, dude?” “She had cherubic cheeks. It's a compliment.” “"Sweet cheeks" is your butt.” “No, it's not.” “It is. It's like calling somebody, I don't know, "sugar tits."” “That's totally inappropriate.”
On-screen, the actor Elle Fanning has the cherubic, moon-eyed guilelessness of a storybook princess or an animated woodland creature, the kind that belies a character much more tenacious than she first appears.
gloss: Of, or like a baby; infantile
pos: adj
Derived words: cherubically
uncherubic
Translations:
clement
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Old French, from Latin clēmēns (“merciful”). Equivalent to clīnō + participial suffix -menos. https://www.etymonline.com/word/clemency
Inflected forms:
form: more clement
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most clement
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Lenient or merciful; charitable.
pos: adj
examples: I know you are more clement than vilde^([sic – meaning vile]) men, / Who of their broken Debtors take a third, / A ſixt, a tenth, letting them thriue againe / On their abatement; […]
Your clement sentence they would account pusillanimous.
gloss: Mild (said of weather and similar circumstances).
pos: adj
examples: The weather is clement, though there was a downpour yesterday and I was obliged to take precautions.
The earth was still dry and the air was perfectly clement.
Related words: clemency
Derived words: clemently
Translations:
construe
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English construen, from Late Latin construo, construere (“to relate grammatically”), from Latin construo (“pile together”); doublet of construct.
Inflected forms:
form: construes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: conster
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: construes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: construing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: construed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: construed
pos: verb
tags: past
form: conster
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: A translation.
pos: noun
examples: Prayers and calling-over seemed twice as short as usual, and before they could get construes of a tithe of the hard passages marked in the margin of their books, they were all seated round, and the Doctor was standing in the middle, talking in whispers to the master.
gloss: An interpretation.
pos: noun
gloss: To understand (something) as meaning, to take to mean.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Bru[tus]. […] But let not therefore my good Friends be greeu'd
(Among which number Cassius be you one)
Nor conſtrue any further my neglect,
Then that poore Brutus with himſelfe at warre,
Forgets the ſhews of Loue to other men.
The world must construe according to its wits; this court must construe according to the law.
gloss: To interpret (something) to another or publicly, explain the meaning of (something, usually language).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: This is a new fashionable proverb, which I must construe to you.
gloss: To analyze the grammatical structure of a clause or sentence; to parse.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Thus, in a sentence such as:
 (113) John considers [_S Fred to be too sure of himself]
 the italicised Reflexive himself can only be construed with Fred, not with John: this follows from our assumption that non-subject Reflexives must have an antecedent within their own S. Notice, however, that in a sentence such as:
 (114) John seems to me [_S — to have perjured himself]
 himself must be construed with John.
gloss: To admit of grammatical analysis.
pos: verb
tags: ergative
gloss: To translate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To infer.
pos: verb
gloss: To explain.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
examples: Bru[tus]. […] Portia go in a while,
And by and by thy boſome ſhall partake
The ſecrets of my Heart.
All my engagements, I will construe to thee,
All the Charractery of my ſad browes.
Related words: instrument
Derived words: construable
construal
construance
construction
construer
deconstrue
misconstrue
reconstrue
unconstrued
Translations:
conman
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English connen
English con
Proto-Indo-European *mon-
Proto-Germanic *mann-
Proto-West Germanic *mann
Old English mann
Middle English man
Middle English -man
English -man
English conman
From con + -man.
Inflected forms:
form: conmen
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: con man
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: con-man
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A confidence trickster.
pos: noun
Translations:
deferential
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From deference (or its Latin type *dēferentia) + -al; compare essence, essential; prudence, prudential, etc. Coined by Scottish novelist, poet and playwright Walter Scott.
Affixes: -al
Inflected forms:
form: more deferential
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most deferential
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Respectful and considerate; showing deference.
pos: adj
examples: In A v. UK, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights held that Part 4 of the 2001 Act was not a strictly necessary response to the acknowledged emergency evidenced by the attacks in the USA and that the detention of the applicants was in breach of Article 5. This conclusion is noteworthy given that the European Court has in the past adopted a deferential if not supine approach when assessing the legality of derogations under Article 15.
The oscillations were getting so severe that painters on the bridge learned to tie down their tins before a train passed. They found holes and rents in the iron but never reported them as they were never asked, and it wasn't their job. These were deferential times, and few wanted to talk out of turn.
gloss: Based on deference; based on the doctrine, ideology, or wishes of others rather than one's own conclusions.
pos: adj
Related words: defer
deference
deferent
Derived words: deferentialism
deferentially
nondeferential
undeferential
Translations:
dereliction
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin dērelictiō (“neglect, abandonment”), from dērelinquō (“to neglect, abandon”), from dē- + re- + linquō (“to leave”).
Inflected forms:
form: derelictions
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Willful neglect of one's duty.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The new soldier did not clean his cabin and was scolded for dereliction and disobedience.
What he did was a terrible dereliction of duty.
[…] there on the table were the uncleared remains of Thursday's lunch, plain evidence of someone's dereliction.
And his final act—leaving the Watch to accompany Tormund and the Wildlings back into the woods North of the wall—no longer seems like a dereliction of duty. It’s the recovery of duty, found by a man who feels he betrayed his queen, who thinks there’s no longer a place for him in these lands.
gloss: The act of abandoning something, or the state of being abandoned.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: To this we must contend with prayer , with actual dereliction and seposition of all our other affairs
There is much sad evidence, too, of the spoliation and dereliction of vanished industry: tips, slag-heaps and derelict colliery-screens among which the ubiquitous, nomad mountain sheep graze unconcernedly.
After years of unsympathetic commercial use and dereliction, nothing of note remained inside, which accordingly has been reconfigured with modern amenities such as underfloor heating.
gloss: Land gained from the water by a change of water-line.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: derelict
relinquish
Translations:
despondency
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Latin dēspondentia, from dēspondēns + -ia. Equivalent to despondent + -ency.
Base: dēspondēns
Affixes: -ia
Inflected forms:
form: despondencies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The loss of hope or confidence; despair or dejection.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Not everyone succumbed to such nostalgia and despondency. Some saw the existential threat to Scots as a call to document what remained.
gloss: A feeling of depression or disheartenment.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: He kissed her brow, and left her. She watched him unconsciously, till the winding walk hid him from her sight, and then sank back on her seat, every nerve relaxing from its high-strained excitement into utter and still despondency.
Translations:
devolve
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *de
Proto-Indo-European *-h₁
Proto-Indo-European *déh₁
Proto-Italic *dē
Latin dē
Latin dē-
Proto-Indo-European *welH-der.
Proto-Italic *wolwō
Latin volvō
Latin dēvolvōbor.
English devolve
Borrowed from Latin dēvolvō (“roll or tumble off or down”), from dē- + volvō (“roll”).
Inflected forms:
form: devolves
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: devolving
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: devolved
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: devolved
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To be inherited by someone else; to pass down upon the next person in a succession, especially through failure or loss of an earlier holder.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: an accident […] rendered him permanently lame, and therefore unfitted him, in the opinion of his parents, to inherit his father's many titles, which, it was then arranged, should devolve upon his younger brother.
gloss: To delegate (a responsibility, duty, etc.) on or upon someone.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Near-synonyms: pass down, pass on, hand down
gloss: To delegate (a responsibility, duty, etc.) on or upon someone.
pos: verb
tags: especially
transitive
usually
examples: Despite being a unitary state, the Government of the United Kingdom devolved many matters to the Governments of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
They devolved their whole authority into the hands of the council of sixty.
An artful man became popular, the people had power in their hands, and they devolved a considerable share of their power upon their favourite […].
Shapps retains responsibility for rail safety in Scotland, with only the operation of track and train devolved to Transport Scotland.
gloss: To fall as a duty or responsibility on or upon someone.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: For the nonce he was rather nonplussed but inasmuch as the duty plainly devolved upon him to take some measures on the subject he pondered suitable ways and means during which Stephen repeatedly yawned.
gloss: To fall as a duty or responsibility on or upon someone.
pos: verb
tags: especially
intransitive
examples: Many legislative powers devolved to the new Scottish parliament in 1999.
gloss: To degenerate; to break down.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: A discussion about politics may devolve into a shouting match.
gloss: To roll (something) down; to unroll.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
transitive
examples: Near-synonyms: unwind, unfurl
every headlong stream / Devolves its winding waters to the main.
He spake of virtue […] And with […] a lack-lustre dead-blue eye, Devolved his rounded periods.
Related words: devolution
Derived words: devolvable
devolvee
devolvement
redevolve
undevolved
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: предавам
roman: predavam
lang: Bulgarian
word: прехвърлям
roman: prehvǎrljam
lang: Czech
word: přenést
lang: Czech
word: převést
lang: Georgian
word: გადასცემს
roman: gadascems
lang: German
word: übergeben
lang: Polish
word: przekazać
lang: Polish
word: przenieść
lang: Russian
word: передава́ть
roman: peredavátʹ
lang: Scots
word: devolve
lang: Spanish
word: delegar
diffidence
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Latin diffīdentiam (“distrust”), from diffīdere (“to mistrust”), from dis- and fīdere (“to trust”). Attested since ∼1400. The original sense was antonymous with confidence, and the modern sense of ‘distrusting oneself’ dates from the 1650s.
Inflected forms:
form: diffidences
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being diffident, timid or shy; reticence or self-effacement.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Without scruple—without apology—without much apparent diffidence, Mr. Elton, the lover of Harriet, was professing himself her lover.
I have the same diffidence in my feelings that most public speakers have, and am apt to think that others can speak better and more edifying than I can.
"I was passing by," he began to stammer, trembling with his diffidence, "I—happened to be passing along this way, and so—er—as I was passing this way, I says to myself, says I, 'I'll just stop into the shop a minute.'
And Rick with unwonted diffidence had accepted his exclusion. Now with the same diffidence he came, looking trim and loving and mysteriously humble.
gloss: Mistrust, distrust, lack of confidence in someone or something.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
examples: [Charles, King of France]: We have been guided by thee hitherto,
And of thy cunning had no diffidence:
One sudden foil shall never breed distrust.
[...] [H]ee had brought the Parliment into ſo juſt a diffidence of him, as that they durſt not leave the Public Armes to his diſpoſal [...]
I have no diffidence of your abilities—only be constant to one roguery at a time
Translations:
disparity
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle French disparité, from Latin disparitātem, accusative of disparitās, from dispār + -tās, from dis- + pār. By surface analysis, dis- + parity.
Base: dispār
Affixes: -tās
Inflected forms:
form: disparities
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being unequal; difference.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: With no great disparity between them in point of years, they were, in every other respect, as unlike and far removed from each other as two men could well be. The one was soft-spoken, delicately made, precise, and elegant; the other, a burly square-built man, negligently dressed, rough and abrupt in manner, stern, and, in his present mood, forbidding both in look and speech.
There was a disparity of view over the use of diesel or electric motive power for the route south of Crewe, and the Prime Minister even felt a modern design of steam locomotives would be the best solution.
gloss: Incongruity.
pos: noun
tags: countable
Synonyms: unalikeness
Derived words: stereodisparity
Translations:
disallowed
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: forbidden
pos: adj
gloss: invalid
pos: adj
Translations:
faker
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: government
military
politics
war
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English faken
English fake
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English faker
From fake + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: fakers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One who fakes something.
pos: noun
gloss: An impostor or impersonator.
pos: noun
examples: The ordinary Christian will read the claims of the New Thought fakers with contempt; but have I not shown the Catholic Church publishing long lists of money-miracles?
Sonic: I found you, faker!
gloss: A friendly unit (usually aircraft) that acts as a hostile unit in a military exercise.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
examples: faker: A friendly track acting as a hostile for exercise purposes. (STANAG 1241)
gloss: A thief.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
gloss: A peddler of petty things.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: He has been lagged for beaker hunting, was a mushroom faker [umbrella seller], has been on the steel for snamming a wedge sneezer; […]
gloss: A snake oil salesman; one who makes exaggerated claims about a product he sells.
pos: noun
examples: Yet the faker is not an unpopular visitor to the country fair. On the contrary, a country fair at which was not heard the stentorian shouts of the faker to "come on, boys; here's the chance to make your fortune," would be considered a dismal failure.
All the doctor has to do nowadays is to read the labels on the bottles and boxes of samples the faker brings him.
Business interests citizens against the food adulterator are severely hampered and injured and the "patent-medicine” faker.
Related words: fakir
Derived words: bit-faker
clyfaker
flue-faker
mugfaker
nature faker
poodle-faker
Translations:
impostor
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
human-sciences
linguistics
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French imposteur, respelled in the Latin manner; ultimately from Latin impositor, agent form of Latin imponere (“to impose”).
Inflected forms:
form: impostors
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: imposter
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: impostour
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: Someone who attempts to deceive by using an assumed name or identity.
pos: noun
examples: "It were dishonour in me to yield. I will not play the part of an impostor, whom my uncle must despise even while he screens. No; these estates are his right: let him take them; I will not buy them with his daughter's hand."
Then again these figures take no account of the thousands of beggars who travel free in India. Many of these are religious "Sadhus", dressed often in nothing but a loin-cloth, or even less, and their bodies smeared with ashes. A large number of these men are nothing but impostors, but the Hindu railway staff usually are afraid to interfere with them.
“I said he had a criminal face.” “He can't help his face.” “He can help being a crook and an impostor. Calls himself a butler, does he? The police could shake that story. He's no more a butler than I am.”
gloss: A sprite or animation integrated into a three-dimensional scene to look like part of the 3D world.
pos: noun
gloss: A term referenced in an unusual grammatical person.
pos: noun
examples: Interestingly, Wang shows that Chinese allows the appearance of an indexical pronoun alongside the imposter, as in (31).
One possibility is that mothers of HR [higher-risk] infants frequently use non-pronoun forms in place of pronouns, as in the impostor uses noted above.
Synonyms: impersonator
Derived words: imposterous
impostorism
impostor phenomenon
impostorship
impostor syndrome
impostress
impostrix
supernova impostor
Translations:
morale
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *mōs
Latin mōs
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Latin mōrālislbor.
French moralebor.
English morale
Borrowed from French morale.
Inflected forms:
form: morales
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The mental and emotional state of a person or group, especially their level of confidence, enthusiasm, and loyalty with regard to a function or task.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: After the layoffs, morale was at an all time low; the staff were so dispirited nothing was getting done.
Morale is an important quality in soldiers. With good morale they'll charge into a hail of bullets; without it they won't even cross a street.
A morale-boosting exercise
Proponents of the race — notably Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Mary Wittenberg, director of the marathon — said the event would provide a needed morale boost, as well as an economic one.
Translations:
dispirited
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more dispirited
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most dispirited
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Without energy, gusto or drive, enervated, without the will to accomplish, disheartened.
pos: adj
examples: So dispirited were the troops after the loss of their beloved commander that they moped about and could barely be bothered to eat let alone load their guns.
The shift in the balance of power online has allowed anyone to publish to the world, from dispirited teenagers in south London to an anonymous cyber-dissident in a Middle East autocracy.
Translations:
disheartened
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Inflected forms:
form: more disheartened
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most disheartened
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Discouraged, despairing.
pos: adj
examples: He refused to get disheartened, even when all 50 writers polled by Newsweek predicted he would lose.
Translations:
hearten
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerd-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱérd
Proto-Germanic *hertô
Proto-West Germanic *hertā
Old English heorte
Middle English herte
English heart
English -en
English hearten
From heart + -en.
Inflected forms:
form: heartens
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: heartening
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: heartened
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: heartened
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To give heart to; to encourage, urge on, cheer, give confidence to.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: hearten the crowd
News of the recovery helped to hearten the family.
The soldiers were heartened by the general’s speech.
Translations:
stubbornness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English stubborn
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Middle English -nesse
English -ness
English stubbornness
From stubborn + -ness.
Inflected forms:
form: stubbornnesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being stubborn.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: [H]appy is your Grace / That can tranſlate the ſtubbornneſſe of fortune / Into ſo quiet and ſo ſweet a ſtile.
Brant Rios and Eos Parish have been dating five years and experienced their state’s stubbornness firsthand Friday when they were the first couple to arrive at the Ouachita Parish Courthouse to be wed – and were the first to be turned away.
Translations:
doggedness
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English dogged
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Middle English -nesse
English -ness
English doggedness
From dogged + -ness.
Inflected forms:
form: doggednesses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The state of being dogged; persistence; perseverance; tenacity; stubbornness.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: At one time it looked as though he could not live more than a few hours, and I am convinced that it was only through the Dutchman's doggedness that he pulled through.
gloss: sullenness; moroseness
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
uncountable
usually
Synonyms: tenacity
Translations:
phosphorescence
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From phosphorescent. Morphologically phosphoresce + -ence.
Base: phosphoresce
Affixes: -ence
Inflected forms:
form: phosphorescences
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The emission of light without any perceptible heat; the quality of being phosphorescent.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Mr. Nott proceeded to say that "since the discovery of Photography, there is, perhaps, no branch of electrical physics more interest­ing than that which comprehends the pheno­mena of phosphorescence."
We saw a round red sun rise over the City, paint the glassy towers with phosphorescence and, as it brightened and lost its shape, sprinkle across the sky feathers of pink and lilac.
Translations:
pathologist
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πάσχω (páskhō)der.
Ancient Greek πᾰ́θος (pắthos)
Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-
Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.
Latin -logialbor.
French -logie
French pathologiebor.
English pathology
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Hellenic *-tās
Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs)
Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.
Latin -istader.
Old French -istebor.
Middle English -ist
English -ist
English pathologist
From pathology + -ist.
Inflected forms:
form: pathologists
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An expert in pathology; a specialist who examines samples of body tissues for diagnostic or forensic purpose.
pos: noun
Translations: