yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
cate
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Aphetized from acate, from Old Northern French acat (“purchase”).
Inflected forms:
form: cates
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A delicacy or item of food.
pos: noun
tags: in-plural
examples: Kate of Kate-hall, my super-daintie Kate, / For dainties are all Kates, and therefore Kate / Take this of me, Kate of my consolation […]
Have we not heard of divers most fertile regions, plenteously yeelding al maner of necessary victuals, where neverthelesse the most ordinary cates [translating méz] and daintiest dishes, were but bread, water-cresses, and water?
All cates and dainties shall be stored there / Quickly on this feast-night: [...]
He did not at first produce the cates and vintages they expected; they looked, most of them, puzzled at the lack of materials of revelry.
Translations:
catechumen
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English cathecumynys pl, from Middle French cathecumin (modern French catéchumène) or Ecclesiastical Latin catēchūmenus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κατηχούμενος (katēkhoúmenos, “being instructed”), present participle passive of κατηχέω (katēkhéō, “sound through, instruct orally, catechise”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”).
Inflected forms:
form: catechumens
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A convert to Christianity under instruction before baptism; a young or recent Christian preparing for confirmation.
pos: noun
examples: Here in this room an old man had killed and boiled a catechumen, had committed sodomy with a rat, had discussed a rodent nunhood with V., a future saint – depending which story you listened to.
Translations:
chaffer
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From Middle English chaffare (“a bargain, a trade”, noun), equivalent to cheap + fare.
Compound parts: cheap
fare
Inflected forms:
form: chaffers
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: chaffering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: chaffered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: chaffered
pos: verb
tags: past
form: chaffers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To haggle or barter.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: To chaffer for preferment with his gold.
Walter declined the invitation, precisely because he wanted a dinner. He was, also, conscious that he had made a very bad bargain; but how could he chaffer and dispute about things so precious as the contents of those pages which were the very outpourings of his heart?
While he is at the front end selling calico to some wearisome old lady, sunbonneted and chaffering, a mischievous boy is very apt to be pocketing lumps of sugar for profit, or starting the faucet of a molasses barrel for fun at the other.
But the people looked much like Caleb’s own. They wore dirty robes, chaffered at fruit stalls, spat, scratched.
gloss: To buy.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To talk much and idly; to chatter.
pos: verb
tags: informal
intransitive
examples: The Dartie within him made him chaffer for five minutes with young Padwick concerning the favourite for the Cambridgeshire.
gloss: Bargaining; merchandise.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: vittels, and other chaffer and merchandize were excéeding cheape: for at London a quarter of wheat was sold for two shillings
gloss: A person's mouth.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
slang
examples: Moisten [or] damp your chaffer: take something to drink.
Derived words: chafferer
Translations:
benzoate
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Arabic لُبَان (lubān)
Proto-Indo-European *yew-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *yéwos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas
Sanskrit यव (yava)bor.?
Proto-Austronesian *zawa
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zawabor.?
Old Javanese jawa
Old Javanese -i
Old Javanese Jawi
Javanese ꦗꦮꦶ (jawi)der.
Arabic جَاوَة (jāwa)
Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)
Arabic جَاوِيّ (jāwiyy)
Arabic لُبَان جَاوِيّ (lubān jāwiyy)bor.
Catalan benjuíder.
Middle French benjoinder.
English benzoin
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English benzoic
English -ate
English benzoate
From benzoic + -ate.
Inflected forms:
form: benzoates
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any salt or ester of benzoic acid.
pos: noun
Translations:
hottie
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From hot + -ie. Sense “stolen vehicle” perhaps from hot-wired.
Base: hot
Affixes: -ie
Inflected forms:
form: hotties
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: hotty
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Synonym of hotshot.
pos: noun
tags: Australia
New-Zealand
archaic
slang
gloss: A physically or sexually attractive person.
pos: noun
tags: slang
examples: You guys are pathetic. I'm gonna find myself a little hottie.
Junior public servants in the Department of Infrastructure and Transport’s graduate program allegedly compiled a “hotties list” which rated female colleagues’ attractiveness.
gloss: A hot water bottle.
pos: noun
tags: New-Zealand
informal
Derived words: hottieness
hottie potatie
Translations:
chasuble
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: Christianity
Etymology: From Middle English chesible, from Old French chesible, from Late Latin casubla, an alteration of Latin casula (“little cottage, hooded cloak”), a diminutive of casa (“house”).
Inflected forms:
form: chasubles
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The outermost liturgical vestment worn by clergy for celebrating Eucharist or Mass, equivalent to the phelonion of the Eastern tradition.
pos: noun
examples: Day broke. He saw three black hens asleep in a tree. He shuddered, horrified at this omen. Then he promised the Holy Virgin three chasubles for the church, and that he would go barefooted from the cemetery at Bertaux to the chapel of Vassonville.
He has magenta eyes, like old-fashioned vest buttons; he’s mowsy and glaubrous, brown like arnica and then green as the Nile; he’s quaky and qualmy and queasy and teasy; he chews chasubles and ripples rasubly.
Translations:
casement
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: government
military
politics
war
Inflected forms:
form: casements
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A window sash that is hinged on the side.
pos: noun
examples: For at the window of my house I looked through my casement, and beheld among the simple ones, I discerned among the youths, a young man void of understanding.
gloss: A window having such sashes; a casement window.ᵂᵖ
pos: noun
examples: Passing through Tokenhouse Yard, in Lothbury, of a sudden a casement violently opened just over my head, and a woman gave three frightful screeches, and then cried, ‘Oh! death, death, death!’ in a most inimitable tone, and which struck me with horror and a chillness in my very blood.
Some slight noise had awakened Francesca, and opening her casement, she looked through the thick and misty air, and saw him riding slowly over the heath.
The street-lamps always burn; but scarce a casement / In house or palace front from roof to basement / Doth glow or gleam athwart the mirk air cast.
The house was a big elaborate limestone affair, evidently new. Winter sunshine sparkled on lace-hung casement, on glass marquise, and the burnished bronze foliations of grille and door.
gloss: A casemate. Some writers and readers consider casement a catachresis when used in this sense.
pos: noun
Derived words: casemented
Translations:
flair
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English flayre, from Old French flair (“scent, odour”), from flairier (“to reek, smell”), from Latin flāgrō, dissimilated variation of frāgrō (“emit a sweet smell”, verb). More at fragrant.
Inflected forms:
form: flairs
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: flairs
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: flairing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: flaired
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: flaired
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A natural or innate talent or aptitude.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: to have a flair for art
Poirot was an extraordinary looking little man. [...] The neatness of his attire was almost incredible. I believe a speck of dust would have caused him more pain than a bullet wound. Yet this quaint dandified little man who, I was sorry to see, now limped badly, had been in his time one of the most celebrated members of the Belgian police. As a detective, his flair had been extraordinary, and he had achieved triumphs by unravelling some of the most baffling cases of the day.
For all his directorial flair, though, Jones may well be best remembered for creating such characters as Arthur “Two Sheds” Jackson, Cardinal Biggles of the Spanish Inquisition, the Scottish poet Ewan McTeagle and the monstrous musician rodent beater in the mouse organ sketch who hits specially tuned mice with mallets.
The cafard. The cockroach. The French certainly had a flair for labeling their unhappiness. Long ago he had begun to visualize this nagging misery as the insect the word also named.
gloss: Distinctive style or elegance.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: to dress with flair
Each writer offers a unique flair to readers.
You know what, Stan, if you want me to wear 37 pieces of flair, like your pretty boy over there, Brian, why don't you just make the minimum 37 pieces of flair?
gloss: Smell; odor.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
gloss: Olfaction; sense of smell.
pos: noun
tags: countable
obsolete
uncountable
gloss: To add flair.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Place your thumb on top of the shank and your bent index finger under the hair and pull the tying thread tight to flair it.
Derived words: flair bartender
flair bartending
flairless
flairsome
flairtending
Translations:
dialogic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Ancient Greek διαλογικός (dialogikós, “related to a dialogue”), from διάλογος (diálogos, “conversation, discourse, dialogue”), equivalent to dialog + -ic.
Base: dialog
Affixes: -ic
Inflected forms:
form: more dialogic
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most dialogic
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Of or relating to dialogue.
pos: adj
examples: Even though some students did not actively participate in the dialogic feedback, they were still able to benefit from reading and following the learning dialogue both in class and afterwards.
gloss: written in dialogue.
pos: adj
gloss: Of or relating to dialogism.
pos: adj
examples: Intertextuality is concerned with dialogic literature.
Translations:
multinucleate
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
natural-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mel-der.
Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tós?
Proto-Italic *moltos
Latin multus
Latin multīder.
Middle English multi-
English multi-
English nucleate
English multinucleate
From multi- + nucleate.
Inflected forms:
form: multinucleates
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: having more than one nucleus; multinuclear
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
gloss: A multinucleated cell
pos: noun
Translations:
azide
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
Inflected forms:
form: azides
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: the univalent N₃ radical or functional group or any ester containing this group
pos: noun
gloss: the N₃⁻ anion or any salt containing this anion (^-N=\overset{+}N=N^-)
pos: noun
Related words: Azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition
hydrogen azide
lead azide
sodium azide
Derived words: azidation
azido-
azidoazide azide
caesium azide
cesium azide
diazide
hexaazide
monoazide
phenyl azide
polyazide
tetraazide
triazide
trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide
triflyl azide
trimethylsilylazide
Translations:
hadronic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
Etymology: Etymology tree
English hadron
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English hadronic
From hadron + -ic.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: of, related to, or composed of hadrons
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
amniotic
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Likely borrowed from French amniotique, from Ancient Greek ἀμνίον (amníon, “vessel for collecting the blood from sacrifices”). Equivalent to amnion + -otic.
Base: amnion
Affixes: -otic
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Pertaining to the amnion.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
Translations:
hematopoiesis
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
cytology
hematology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From hemato- + -poiesis.
Base: hemato
Inflected forms:
form: hematopoieses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: hæmatopœsis
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: haematopoiesis
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: hæmopoiesis
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: haemopoiesis
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: hemopoiesis
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The process by which blood cells are produced; it involves the formation of new cellular components of the blood in myeloid or lymphatic tissues.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
Translations:
hemicellulose
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *sēmi
Ancient Greek ἡμῐ- (hēmĭ-)lbor.
English hemi-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-der.
Latin cella
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Indo-European *-elós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -ula
Latin cellulabor.
French cellule
French -ose
French cellulosebor.
English cellulose
English hemicellulose
From hemi- (“half”) + cellulose.
Inflected forms:
form: hemicelluloses
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A mixture of several plant polysaccharides, of smaller molecular weight than cellulose, that are soluble in dilute alkali; they are involved in the manufacture of paper, and are used in the production of furfural and ethanol.
pos: noun
examples: The changes in texture that occur during ripening and cooking result from changes in the cell-wall materials, in particular the cement carbohydrates. One group is the hemicelluloses, which form strengthening cross-links between celluloses. They are built up from glucose and xylose sugars, and can be partly dissolved and removed from cell walls during cooking.
Translations:
oligosaccharide
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ὀλῐ́γος (olĭ́gos)der.
English oligo-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH
Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH
Sanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā)
Pali sakkharābor.
Ancient Greek σάκχᾰρον (sákkhăron)bor.
Latin saccharon
Latin saccharum
English saccharo-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idusder.
English -ide
English saccharide
English oligosaccharide
From oligo- + saccharide.
Inflected forms:
form: oligosaccharides
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A polysaccharide of low molecular weight, being a polymer of between three and eight monosaccharide units.
pos: noun
Translations:
henequen
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Spanish henequén, probably of Taíno origin.
Inflected forms:
form: henequens
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: heniquen
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: heniquin
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: jeniquen
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A tropical American agave, Agave fourcroydes, whose thick, sword-shaped leaves yield a coarse reddish fibre used in making rope etc.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The fibre from this plant (sometimes mistakenly called sisal, which is from Agave sisalana).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Translations:
herbivory
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
English herbivore
Latin -ia
Old French -ieder.
Middle English -ie
Middle English -y
English -y
English herbivory
From herbivore + -y.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: The consumption of living plant tissue by animals.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Herbivory is a paradoxical interspecific interaction. On the one hand, upward of a quarter of all species are herbivorous insects (Strong et al., 1984) and some additional fraction of the noninsect species is also herbivorous, so plant-herbivore interactions are common. On the other hand, the simple observation is that, to a first approximation, the earth is green (Hairston et al., 1960), despite the combined effect of those herbivores.
Translations:
nanoparticle
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos)bor.
Latin nānusbor.
English nano-
English particle
English nanoparticle
From nano- + particle.
Inflected forms:
form: nanoparticles
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any microscopic particle less than about 100 nanometers (nm) in diameter.
pos: noun
examples: Nanoparticles of various sorts are already found in products like sunscreen, paint and inkjet paper. More exotic varieties offer promise in medicine for sensitive diagnostic tests and novel treatments: the detection of Alzheimer's disease by finding a protein in spinal fluid, for instance, or nanoparticles that heat up and kill cancer cells.
The high surface area of a nanoparticle relative to its weight and volume makes it behave differently from larger masses of the same material.
Translations:
nanotechnology
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From nano- + technology. Popularized in 1986 by Eric Drexler.
Base: technology
Affixes: nano-
Inflected forms:
form: nanotechnologies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The science and technology of creating nanoparticles and of manufacturing machines which have sizes within the range of nanometres (1–100 nm).
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The first such review would also include a study of whether it is feasible to create nanoscale devices that can assemble themselves or copies of themselves molecule by molecule -- a subject of fierce debate among nanotechnology experts.
Nanotechnology, the science of creating functional systems on the scale of molecules or smaller, could enable engineers to combine the functions of memory chips and disk drives on a device the size of a dime.
Development of applied nanotechnologies is being pursued by at least 15 research-oriented private companies and 69 manufacturers.
Translations:
chrism
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English crisme, from Late Old English crisma, from Medieval Latin crisma, from Ecclesiastical Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “anointing”, “unction”), from χρίω (khríō, “anoint”).
Inflected forms:
form: chrisms
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A mixture of oil and balm, consecrated for use as an anointing fluid in certain Christian ceremonies, especially confirmation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: A reinforcement of fresh troops staggered in, one man soaked and dripping, his hair sticky with the chrism of poured beer, another with his pockets crammed with sauce-bottles.
I observe no confirmation of this reversal and Pole specifically restored chrisms in 1555 (Cardwell, op. cit. i. 147).
‘The King,’ Will cried, ‘is my master and bathed in the chrism of the Lord God.’
For Christian examples of condensed symbols, consider the sacraments, particularly the Eucharist and the Chrisms.
He was more dangerous than the plump satisfied ones, he was so sure of the value of his witchcraft, the holy oils and chrisms and unctions.
Miraculously moist, the chrism was kept in an ampulla in Reims cathedral where the coronations of the kings of France were held.
[…]even if modest gestures of modernisation have slimmed down the ceremony, the chrism of unction is no longer perfumed with animal effluents—ambergris, musk and civet—and Andrew Lloyd Webber added to Handel and Elgar?
Translations:
opa
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
German Opabor.
English opa
Borrowed from German Opa.
Inflected forms:
form: opas
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Grandfather, grandpa.
pos: noun
examples: We love to eat: Opa's apple cake […] My opa (grandfather) had a long and beautifully kept allotment in the north German town of Flensburg.
I intuited that somehow I’d always been, yet, clearly, there was time — a considerable time — when I was not. So, where was I? I didn’t have an opa to ask.
That story of him playing football on his crutches I’ve heard from at least four people: my grandparents, my mum and one of the other boys, who’s since become a mildly creepy evangelical Christian. He retold it to me at my opa’s funeral, about half a century after the game. It’s true that I asked my opa some less than tactful questions on that visit. […] My opa had actually started writing a memoir once before, soon after my oma died.
My children have an oma and an OPA, so I knew that I could put in the O and the A.
My opa grew up poor in Vienna and then got a scholarship to a prestigious Jewish high school.
Translations:
chyle
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From French, from Late Latin chȳlus, from Ancient Greek χυλός (khulós, “animal or plant juice”).
Inflected forms:
form: chyles
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A digestive fluid containing fatty droplets, found in the small intestine.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: 1857, The Confidence-Man by Herman Melville, included in The Portable North American Indian Reader, New York: Penguin Books, 1977, page 524,
It is said that when the tidings were brought him, he was ashore sitting beneath a hemlock eating his dinner of venison - and as the tidings were told him, after the first start he kept on eating, but slowly and deliberately, chewing the wild news with the wild meat, as if both together, turned to chyle, together should sinew him to his intent.
And we stuffing food in one hole and out behind: food, chyle, blood, dung, earth, food: have to feed it like stoking an engine.
Translations:
clabber
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Shortening of bonny clabber, from Irish bainne clábar (“mud, thick milk for churning”) or a Scots Gaelic cognate thereof; the latter is probably related to láib (“dirt, mud, filth”).
Inflected forms:
form: clauber
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: clabbers
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: clabbering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: clabbered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: clabbered
pos: verb
tags: past
form: clauber
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Sour or curdled milk.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: Even butter had proved beyond her means, for the milk she had tried to churn had never firmed up beyond the consistency of runny clabber.
gloss: Wet clay or mud.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
gloss: To sour or curdle.
pos: verb
examples: They always had more milk than they needed and often entire buckets would clabber and one of her brothers would carry it out to the bunkhouse for the vaqueros.
Related words: bonnyclabber
Translations:
clinal
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-
Proto-Indo-European *-éyti
Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-
Proto-Indo-European *-né-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti
Proto-Hellenic *klíňňō
Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō)
Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)
Ancient Greek -η (-ē)
Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
▲
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
▲
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English clinal
From Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + English -al.
Inflected forms:
Senses:
gloss: Pertaining to beds or rest.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: ‘Strange,’ Enderby said. ‘Here we both are, in a clinal situation so to speak, a bed context I mean, the Greek word means to lean or repose I suppose, hence bed, hence clinic by the way, and this has nothing to do with my feverish imaginings.’
gloss: Describing a torsion angle between 30° and 150°
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
physical
Translations:
vog
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: Blend of volcano + fog, by analogy with smog.
Compound parts: volcano
fog
Inflected forms:
form: vogs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Air pollution caused by substances (such as sulphur dioxide) emitted by a volcano.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: […] where fluidal textures can be clearly noticed as well as abundant vogs formed by escaped gases […]
You are permitted to inspect the current eruption [from Kiluea, Hawaii] from a safe distance. […] On humid days water vapour combines with the sulphurous emanations to produce an acrid mist known as vog.
The ongoing eruption of Kiluea's east rift zone (which began in 1983) has put a huge amount of natural pollutants, including sulfur oxides, into the air. Introduced vegetation, such as Kona coffee plants, can be scorched, and downwind of Kiluea, only native species, tolerant of the natural acid rain, survive. The two images compare atmospheric clarity between a volcanic-smog (vog)-free day (A) and a heavy-vog day (B).
On the Islands, fog is a rare occurrence, but there can often be "vog," an airborne haze of gases released from volcanic vents on the Big Island. During certain weather conditions such as "Kona winds," the vog can settle over the Islands and wreak havoc with respiratory and other health conditions, especially asthma or emphysema.
Translations:
nephrologist
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English nephrology
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Hellenic *-tās
Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs)
Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.
Latin -istader.
Old French -istebor.
Middle English -ist
English -ist
English nephrologist
From nephrology + -ist.
Inflected forms:
form: nephrologists
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A physician whose speciality is nephrology.
pos: noun
Translations:
extroversion
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: human-sciences
lifestyle
medicine
psychology
religion
sciences
Etymology: From extro- + -version. As a variant of extraversion, popularized in psychology by Phyllis Blanchard's use of the (then nonstandard) spelling extrovert in her publication "Psycho-Analytic Study of August Comte" (1918).
Affixes: extro-
-version
Inflected forms:
form: extroversions
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: extraversion
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The state or quality of being extroverted or an extrovert
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
uncountable
usually
examples: in mystical Divinity... a scattering or distracting ones thoughts upon exterior objects.
The turning of the eye of the mind from [Christ] to outward things [mystics] call Extroversion.
gloss: The state or quality of being extroverted or an extrovert
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
usually
examples: In extroversion of the bladder the anterior part of this organ is more or less completely wanting.
gloss: The state or quality of being extroverted or an extrovert
pos: noun
tags: informal
uncountable
usually
examples: Extroversion is the thrusting out of the mind on to life, the use of the mind in practical affairs, the pouring out of the libido on external objects.
In a genre characterized by brassy extroversion, The Dead is a quiet revolutionary: a musical that dares to be diffident.
The roots of what are popularly taken to be introversion and extroversion show up in infancy: positive emotionality, or extroversion, and negative emotionality, or neuroticism.
Synonyms: exstrophy
sociability
Antonyms: introversion
Related words: ambiversion
extroversive
extrovert
extroverted
Translations:
extroverted
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: human-sciences
medicine
psychology
sciences
Etymology: A variant spelling of extraverted. Popularized as a psychological term by Phyllis Blanchard's use of extrovert in her 1918 "Psycho-Analytic Study of August Comte", from extrovert + -ed.
Base: extrovert
Affixes: -ed
Inflected forms:
form: more extroverted
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most extroverted
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: extraverted
pos: adj
tags: alternative
form: extrovert
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Turned or thrust outwards, especially
pos: adj
examples: The external and combustible Sulphur... is... protruded and extroverted.
gloss: Turned or thrust outwards, especially:
pos: adj
tags: informal
examples: She's very extroverted. She's always out meeting new people and looking for new experiences.
This subtle but important distinction means otroverts can blend into both introverted and extroverted environments without fully belonging to either.
gloss: Turned or thrust outwards, especially:
pos: adj
examples: ...an extroverted bladder...
Synonyms: extrorse
Antonyms: introverted
Derived words: extrovertedly
extrovertedness
Translations:
introverted
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: communications
human-sciences
journalism
literature
media
poetry
psychology
publishing
sciences
writing
Etymology: From introvert + -ed, q.v.
Base: introvert
Affixes: -ed
Inflected forms:
form: more introverted
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most introverted
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: introvert
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Turned or thrust inward
pos: adj
examples: ...Self-searching with an introverted eye...
gloss: Turned or thrust inward
pos: adj
examples: An extraverted individual can hardly understand the necessity that forces the introverted to accomplish his adaptation by first formulating a general conception.
The introverted type is characterised by the fact that his libido is turned towards his own personality to a certain extent.
There is a tendency to equate ‘introverted’ with ‘withdrawn’ or ‘schizoid’.
This subtle but important distinction means otroverts can blend into both introverted and extroverted environments without fully belonging to either.
gloss: Turned or thrust inward
pos: adj
examples: In the Quatrain Reversed or Introverted, the first line corresponds with the fourth.
Antonyms: extraverted
extroverted
Derived words: introvertedly
introvertedness
nonintroverted
unintroverted
Translations:
cuckquean
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Topics: lifestyle
sexuality
Etymology: Blend of cuckold + quean (“disreputable woman”). The verb sense is derived from the noun sense.
Compound parts: cuckold
quean
Inflected forms:
form: cuckqueans
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: cuck quean
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: cucquean
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: cuckqueen
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: cuck queen
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: cuckqueans
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: cuckqueaning
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: cuckqueaned
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: cuckqueaned
pos: verb
tags: past
form: cuck quean
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: cucquean
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: cuckqueen
pos: verb
tags: alternative
form: cuck queen
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A woman who has an unfaithful husband.
pos: noun
examples: Ye make hir a cookqueane.
Yes, that's her name! His cuckquean she is; his wife she is not and never shall be!
A formidable woman of real power and prestige, she emerged from the Monica affair much more cuckold than cuckquean. Her husband’s perfidy did, in a sense, disturb the natural order of things; in the post-feminist age, […]
The rumors about his serial philandering had been out there for years, but a friendly liberal press had not tried very hard to confirm the allegations, and the missus was apparently resigned to the role of a stoic cuckquean.
gloss: A woman who is attracted to or aroused by the sexual infidelity of a partner.
pos: noun
gloss: To make a woman into a cuckquean.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Synonyms: cot-quean
cuckquean
cucquean
Related words: cuckqueanry
cuckold
cuckolder
cuckoldize
Translations:
citadel
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From French citadelle, from Italian cittadella, diminutive of città (“city”), from Latin cīvitās.
Inflected forms:
form: citadels
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A strong fortress that sits high above a city.
pos: noun
examples: In the city’s midst the gleaming marble of a thousand steps climbed to the citadel where arose four pinnacles beckoning to heaven, and midmost between the pinnacles there stood the dome, vast, as the gods had dreamed it.
gloss: A stronghold or fortified place.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
sometimes
examples: Intrenched within the citadel of our apartment, and cheered by the comfortings of a coal fire, we passed the day in letter-writing, conversation, or gazing from the sheltered security of our windows upon the agitated sea[…]
gloss: An armoured portion of a warship, housing important equipment.
pos: noun
examples: Twenty-two of these — eleven per broadside — were on the main deck within a central citadel, essentially an armor-protected box in the middle of the ship. Also within the citadel were four 110-pdr. breech-loaders.
gloss: A Salvation Army meeting place.
pos: noun
Synonyms: fortress
bastion
stronghold
bulwark
Translations:
hootenanny
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
Etymology: Unknown; potentially Scottish. Use is tied to the Appalachian culture in the US.
Inflected forms:
form: hootenannies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: An informal, festive performance by folk singers, often including audience participation with the use of acoustic instruments.
pos: noun
examples: The brain matches the mind-image of doughnuts to images and emotions stored in his brain’s memory regions: “Mmmm … doughnuts.” Then—bingo!—his brain’s dopamine-producing reward centres light up and have a rip-roaring hootenanny.
It bespoke country’s devotion to realism, to songs about Saturday night’s hootenanny and Sunday morning’s moral reckoning, not to mention the kitchen-table truths of Monday through Friday.
gloss: A placeholder word for a nonspecific or forgotten thing.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
Translations:
cheeky
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From cheek + -y.
Compare typologically barefaced, bald-faced; Italian sfacciato (< Latin ex- + faciēs); French effronté, Italian sfrontato (< Latin ex- + frons), Polish czelny (< czoło).
Base: cheek
Affixes: -y
Inflected forms:
form: cheekier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: cheekiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Impudent; impertinent; impertinently bold, often in a way that is regarded as endearing or amusing.
pos: adj
tags: informal
examples: 'Shut up,' said Harrison. 'You chaps always behave as if you were jawin' us when we come to jaw you.' / 'You're a lot too cheeky,' said Craye.
The Young Turks, as might have been expected, wrote in their customary flippant, cheeky style.
gloss: Tending to expose the cheeks of the buttocks.
pos: adj
tags: informal
usually
examples: Barry said he introduced the cheeky bikini to the Coast three years ago: "I took a theatrical garment worn for as long as there have been strippers and showgirls — the G-string — and put it on the beach and gave it a name and we sold a heap."
Joyce Azria oversees a staff of twelve, manages a multimillion-dollar budget, and, in her first year as director of BCBG swimwear, designed cheeky bikinis and deep-V maillots that became top sellers at Bloomingdale's.
gloss: Poisonous (of animals such as snakes), dangerous, cunning, violent, potent.
pos: adj
examples: A death adder is cheeky, a tree snake quiet. Wasps are only cheeky if you hold them in your hand.
There is no doubt that many have been killed by large elapids, and that Aborigines treat such 'cheeky' snakes (and colubrids of similar appearance) with great respect.
gloss: Indulged in as a treat, especially an unhealthy one.
pos: adj
tags: Commonwealth
UK
informal
examples: Although sometimes I'd award myself a cheeky McDonald's hangover treat if I did well.
It was a massive struggle to resist the lure of a cheeky beer, but I held firm.
It transpired that Mrs Egg had been cooking dinner when she discovered Mr Singlet making himself a sandwich. I don't know about you but it does seem a little bit naught after she's gone to all that effort. Naughty yes but hardly a crime and certainly not enough to warrant a 999 call. Yet that's what she had done. That's why we had left our own dinner, charged through rush hour traffic, disrupted commuters on their way home – all for a cheeky sandwich.
The great thing was it gave him a little bit of freedom and me the chance to sneak a cheeky nap.
You've never had a cheeky Nando's? You sad, deprived American. Missing out on that Peri-Peri.
Synonyms: sassy
saucy
insolent
audacious
bold
get wise
bold-faced
bold as brass
brassy
brazen
brazen-faced
cheeky
chutzpadik
cocket
cute
dicacious
facey
familiar
flippant
flip
forward
fresh
impious
impudent
impertinent
irreverent
malapert
pert
petulant
Antonyms: polite
respectful
restrained
sycophantic
shy
meek
Related words: ornery
facetious
Derived words: cheekily
cheekiness
cheeky chappie
cheeky chops
cheeky monkey
cheeky Vimto
cheeky yam
Translations:
coll
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English collen, from Old French coler, acoler (“accoll, throw arms round neck of”); ultimately from Latin ad + collum (“neck”).
Inflected forms:
form: colls
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: colling
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: colled
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: colled
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: To hug or embrace.
pos: verb
tags: ambitransitive
examples: So hauing ſayd, her twixt her armes twaine / Shee ſtreightly ſtraynd, and colled tenderly
"As how, my lambkin," blushing, she replide, / "Because I in this dancing schoole abide? / If that it be, that breede's this discontent, / We will remoue the camp incontinent: / For shelter onelie, sweete heart, came I hither, / And to auoide the troblous stormie weather; / But now the coaste is cleare, we will be gonne, / Since, but thy self, true louer I haue none." / With that she sprung full lightlie to my lips / And fast about the neck me colle's, and clips ...
'You couldn't expect her to throw her arms round 'ee, an' to kiss and to coll 'ee all at once.'
They kissed and colled in parks and fields and, better, a / Warm bed, her own.
Translations:
saliency
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English salient
English -cy
English saliency
From salient + -cy.
Inflected forms:
form: saliencies
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: the quality of being salient; salience
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The saliency of the model of production with convexity and constant returns to scale technologies recommends that we examine it in some further detail.
Translations:
coloratura
Part of speech: noun
adj
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian coloratura, from Late Latin colōrātūra, from colōrāre (“to colour”).
Inflected forms:
form: coloraturas
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: colorature
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: more coloratura
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: most coloratura
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: colorature
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Florid or fancy passages in vocal music.
pos: noun
tags: uncountable
examples: The singing is generally excellent, with Simon Keenlyside standing out for his richly vocalized (and amusingly dour) Papageno and Diana Damrau for her spot-on coloratura and genuine venom as the Queen of the Night.
gloss: A singer of such passages, especially a soprano.
pos: noun
tags: countable
examples: The middle one, of course, was the coloratura Julia Kristeva, known as the most voluptuous Salome in the business.
gloss: Pertaining to coloratura.
pos: adj
examples: She has a lighter and more coloratura voice.
I drew a deep breath, this time fortunately unmixed with gin and tonic. I was profoundly stirred. “You mean,” I said, my voice quavering like that of a coloratura soprano, “that I went through that soul-shattering experience all for nothing?”
Derived words: coloratura soprano
Translations:
fanlight
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Topics: architecture
Etymology: From fan + light (“window; source of illumination”).
Compound parts: fan
light
Inflected forms:
form: fanlights
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A semicircular or semioval window over a door or other window, normally having a fan-like structure of ribs; sometimes hinged to the transom.
pos: noun
examples: One house, however, second from the corner, was still occupied entire; and at the door of this, which wore a great air of wealth and comfort, though it was now plunged in darkness except for the fan-light, Mr. Utterson stopped and knocked. A well-dressed, elderly servant opened the door.
Limpet was out, but with a deal of struggling he managed to screw himself through the fanlight, removing in that process the dust of many ages.
Flutings also adorn the short architraves each side of the fanlight, and the abacus of the pilaster columns which is carried across a supplementary lintel in front of the lintel proper, the latter being several inches to the rear because of the deeply recessed arrangement of the door.
This street is Summer. Faces of brick run together to make a single block-long face. The house numbers are set in fanlights of stained glass above the doors.
It turned out to be a big gloomy pile with ivy and peeling walls and a smashed fanlight over the door, the kind of place where you picture a mad stepdaughter locked up in the attic.
gloss: An electric fan, usually a ceiling fan, that is also a light fixture.
pos: noun
Related words: lightstick
Derived words: dummy fanlight
fanlighted
Translations:
worrier
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English worry
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English worrier
From worry + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: worriers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A person who worries a great deal, especially unnecessarily.
pos: noun
examples: You are such a worrier! I'm sure everything will turn out all right.
gloss: A person who causes worry in others.
pos: noun
gloss: An animal that seizes or shakes another by the throat.
pos: noun
examples: The person owning a dog which had destroyed sheep could be made to pay for the damage; but the Court should also have an undoubted power to order incurable sheep-worriers to be destroyed.
Synonyms: worrywart
bag of nerves
jitterbug
nervous Nellie
nervous wreck
neurotic
obsessive
tightass
wiener
worrier
worryguts
Related words: agonize
nervous
Translations:
vrouw
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch vrouw. Doublet of frau, frow, and vrou.
Inflected forms:
form: vrouws
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: vrouwen
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A Dutchwoman.
pos: noun
examples: So the Vrouws, in a minuet, solemnly prance
Like a bear, at a fair, that is tutor'd to dance.
Those whose rank excluded them from a participation in the town deliberations drew closer to their firesides; the vrouws, both old and young, edged their seats nigher to each other[…]
The Dutch vrouwen controlled their households as before, and governed their husbands with silken threads.
One by one those who had come to jeer slipped away, Pieter van der Byl murmuring incoherently of the hot sun and van der Heyden of the chilly evening, until finally Huysing turned abruptly from the pier and strode away, with a curt order to the waiting slaves to carry the vrouwen back to Zee Straat.
[…] thrifty Dutch burghers and vrouwen are busy about town and home; […]
But really I have never heard that the up-country vrouwen were in such a violent hurry for baftas and punjums but what the ox-wagons and local stores there could keep them supplied.
Translations:
zoon
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: biology
natural-sciences
Etymology: First adopted by Herbert Spencer in Principles of Biology (see 1864 quotation): from New Latin zōon, from Ancient Greek ζῷον (zōîon, “animal”).
Inflected forms:
form: zoa
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: zoons
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: zoön
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A distinct organism.
pos: noun
gloss: Any individual produced from a single egg.
pos: noun
gloss: The individuals collectively produced from a single egg, also called a compound animal.
pos: noun
gloss: Any of the individuals of a compound organism.
pos: noun
tags: uncommon
gloss: Zooid.
pos: noun
tags: rare
Antonyms: zooid
Related words: compound animal
Translations:
florin
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English florin, floren, from Old French florin, from Italian fiorino (“little flower”). Doublet of fiorino and forint.
Inflected forms:
form: florins
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Any of several gold coins once produced in Florence, Italy; model for the other currencies.
pos: noun
gloss: A guilder (pre-Euro currency unit of the Netherlands).
pos: noun
examples: [I]n 1646, during the phenomenon known as "Tulipomania", a tulip like the red and white 'Admirael van der Eijck', or the purple-splashed 'Generalen van Gouda' would sell for more than 1,000 Dutch florins, at a time when the average annual income of a skilled worker was about 300 florins.
gloss: The currency of Aruba, divided into 100 cents, symbol ƒ.
pos: noun
gloss: A pre-decimal British coin, worth two shillings or ten new pence.
pos: noun
gloss: A pre-decimal Australian, and New Zealand, coin, worth 24 pence or a tenth of a pound.
pos: noun
Translations:
dak
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindustani डाक / ڈاک (ḍāk).
Inflected forms:
form: daks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: dâk
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: dawk
pos: noun
tags: alternative
obsolete
form: daks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: dakking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: dakked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: dakked
pos: verb
tags: past
form: dack
pos: verb
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: A post system by means of transport relays of horses stationed at intervals along a route or network, carrying mail and passengers.
pos: noun
tags: South-Asia
examples: He prided himself on looking neat even when he was riding dâks.
gloss: A dak bungalow.
pos: noun
tags: South-Asia
examples: Gaining the dak, they were joined on the veranda by four tight-lipped men.
gloss: A journey using the dak system.
pos: noun
tags: South-Asia
obsolete
examples: “What are you going to do?” said the woman, between her sobs. “Do! Nothing. What should I do? Kill Kurrell or send you Home, or apply for leave to get a divorce? It's two days' dâk into Narkarra.”
gloss: To suddenly pull down someone's pants as a prank; to pants.
pos: verb
tags: Australia
informal
examples: 'That Phillip (names another child) “dakked” Trevor.' 'But I've already spoken with Brendan and with Phillip, and they say that it was you who “dakked” Trevor.' 'No. He did it to me first, ay?' 'First? You mean he “dakked” you before you “dakked” him?'
Derived words: dak bungalow
Translations:
beest
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: See beestings.
Inflected forms:
form: beests
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: beestings, colostrum
pos: noun
Translations:
droog
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Russian друг (drug, “friend”), in which sense it is used in the invented slang Nadsat in Anthony Burgess's dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange (1962).
Inflected forms:
form: droogs
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A violent young gang member or a hooligan.
pos: noun
Translations:
donker
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English donkey route
English -er
English donker
From donkey route + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: donkers
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A people smuggler.
pos: noun
tags: India
slang
Translations: