yuanxin112/wiktionary-morph huggingface dataset:
fest
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁stosder.
Proto-Italic *θēstos
Proto-Italic *fēstosder.
Latin fēstus
Latin festumder.
Middle High German fëst
German Festbor.
English fest
Borrowed from German Fest (“feast, festival, party”), from Middle High German fëst, from Latin festum, from which last are also English feast, festival, festivity (see these).
Inflected forms:
form: fests
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A gathering for a specified reason or occasion.
pos: noun
tags: in-compounds
examples: a Renaissance fest
gloss: An event in which the act denoted by the previous noun occurs.
pos: noun
tags: in-compounds
examples: That same trip would have to go down as the greatest dipping fest in Australian birding history. I had five target species and never saw one, despite spending a week looking for them.
Related words: festschrift
Derived words: afterfest
-fest
festgoer
fest-goer
fleshfest
flesh fest
fruitfest
glitchfest
glitch fest
Ren fest
sausagefest
sausage fest
taco fest
zest fest
Translations:
fiduciary
Part of speech: adj
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: law
lifestyle
religion
theology
Etymology: From Latin fīdūciārius (“held in trust”), from fīdūcia (“trust”).
Inflected forms:
form: fiduciaries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Relating to an entity that owes to another good faith, accountability and trust, often in the context of trusts and trustees.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: a fiduciary contract
a fiduciary duty
gloss: Pertaining to paper money whose value depends on public confidence or securities.
pos: adj
tags: not-comparable
examples: Indeed, currency would be more effective for not being gold and silver but fiduciary paper money.
gloss: Accepted as a trusted reference such as a point, value, or marker; fiducial.
pos: adj
tags: nonstandard
not-comparable
gloss: One who holds a thing in trust for another.
pos: noun
examples: “We focus on sustainability not because we’re environmentalists, but because we are capitalists and fiduciaries to our clients,” Mr. Fink wrote.
gloss: One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an antinomian.
pos: noun
Derived words: fiduciarily
fiduciary duty
nonfiduciary
personal fiduciary
Translations:
figuration
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: art
arts
human-sciences
sciences
social-science
sociology
Etymology: Late Middle English figuracion, from Middle French figuration, from Latin figūrō (“to form”). Equivalent to figurate + -ion.
Base: figurate
Affixes: -ion
Inflected forms:
form: figurations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of giving figure or determinate form.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Form, outline or boundaries.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Ornamentation or decoration, especially by the addition of figures.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: […]a shift to modernist building typologies in the early 1950s led to the abandonment of symmetry, centrality, and figuration. Since the 1980s, big-box typologies, frosted with postmodern architectural veneer, have dominated.
gloss: Mixture of concords and discords.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Here and throughout, variation infuses the music, Chopin’s innovative, elastic figuration masking the underlying similarity of bars 23 and 25.
gloss: Representation through visual forms.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: To recapitulate: consider the human form—skin, bone, and flesh. Consider the painting—surface, structure, and pigment. With a little license, the first gives us the ingredients for what might be called human or “figurative” figuration; the second gives us the ingredients for abstract or “nonfigurative” figuration.
gloss: A structure through which people are joined, or the process of constructing such structures.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Figurations of interdependent people make up many webs of interdependence, which are characterized in part by different balances of power of many sorts, such as families, states, towns or simply groups.
Derived words: figurational
Translations:
filtration
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: mathematics
probability-theory
sciences
set-theory
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pel-der.
Proto-Germanic *felląder.
Proto-West Germanic *feltbor.
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-trom
Proto-Italic *-trom
Latin -trum
Latin filtrumlbor.
French filtre
Proto-Italic *-āzi
▲
Latin -ereinflu.
Latin -āre
Old French -ier
Middle French -er
French -er
French filtrer
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin -ātiōlbor.
Old French -ation
Middle French -ation
French -ation
French filtrationbor.
English filtration
Borrowed from French filtration.
Inflected forms:
form: filtrations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved particles floating in it.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: A totally ordered collection of subsets.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: exfiltration
infiltration
Derived words: autofiltration
bifiltration
biofiltration
cryofiltration
defiltration
diafiltration
electrofiltration
enfiltration
haemofiltration
hemofiltration
hyperfiltration
hypofiltration
immunofiltration
leucofiltration
leukofiltration
membrane filtration
microfiltration
mycofiltration
nanofiltration
normofiltration
overfiltration
postfiltration
prefiltration
refiltration
ultrafiltration
Translations:
firstly
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Coined before 1475, from Middle English fyrst-lyk, equivalent to first + -ly.
Base: first
Affixes: -ly
Inflected forms:
form: 1stly
pos: adv
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: In the first place; before anything else; first.
pos: adv
tags: formal
not-comparable
examples: Firstly, I continue to base most species treatments on personally collected material, rather than on herbarium plants. […] Secondly, I continue to base my concepts on intensive study of a limited suite of collections, rather than superficial study of every packet that comes to hand.
We'll go into more depth with all the specs shortly so anyone less well versed in espresso speak will understand what I'm harping on about, but firstly let's just talk about using the machine.
Antonyms: lastly
Translations:
firth
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Borrowed from Scots firth, furth, from Northern Middle English fyrth, from either or both of Old English ford and Old Norse fjǫrðr (“firth, fjord”), from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to carry forth”) + *-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots). The English word is a doublet of fjord, ford, port, and fjard.
Inflected forms:
form: firths
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: frith
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: An arm or inlet of the sea; a river estuary.
pos: noun
examples: The descent continues, still more steeply to Dundee (Tay Bridge), and approaching from the bridge itself this sharp descent gives the curious appearance that the station is below the level of the firth.
They drove on, every rise in the road lifting their sightline clear of the drystone dykes along the roadside, gifting glimpses of the firth and the islands, the blue peaks of Arran.
Translations:
flabby
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: simple
Topics: mathematics
sciences
Etymology: From a variant of flappy, from flap (“to hang loose”). Compare English dialectal flapsy (“flabby”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a slap in the face; a fan-blade; a hair ribbon; a wagging tongue”), Middle Low German flabbe (“a gaping mouth; a chatterbox”), Danish flab (“the jaw; cheeks; a malapert”), Swedish flabb, fläff (“the hanging underlip of an animal; guffaw; driveller”), German Flabbe (“a gob; muzzle”).
Inflected forms:
form: flabbier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: flabbiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; lacking firmness; flaccid.
pos: adj
examples: My attention was accidentally drawn to this aid, some five or six years ago, while attending a lady (multipara) in her confinement, who suffered from umbilical hernia, with large flabby abdomen.
A neglected gap was all the gate it had, and the first glance at the place was enough to let you see the flabby devil was running that show.
The strings of some violins when up to pitch are loose and flabby; some are very taut and hard.
Chassis of 1950s-1970s bikes are flabby tubular structures, often weak to the point of lacking straight-line stability!
gloss: Having a slight lack of acidity; having mild sweetness.
pos: adj
examples: A flabby wine might be described as a wine in which nothing stands out.
An extremely hot region will give you flabby wine.
gloss: overwrought.
pos: adj
tags: usually
examples: As you revise, focus on eliminating flabby expressions. This takes conscious effort. As one expert copyeditor observed, “Trim sentences, like trim bodies, usually require far more effort than flabby ones.
gloss: Which forms a surjection from the domain to every open subset of the codomain.
pos: adj
examples: a flabby sheaf on a paracompact space
Antonyms: muscled
taut
Derived words: flab
flabbily
flabbiness
unflabby
Translations:
flagellation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From French flagellation, from Latin flagellatio, from flagellare, from flagellum, diminutive of flagrum (“whip”).
Inflected forms:
form: flagellations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Beating, or an instance of beating, consisting of lashes, notably as corporal punishment or mortification, such as a whipping or scourging.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: As a means of restoring vigor to the generative organs, flagellation was recommended by the ancient physicians as an effectual remedy, in accordance with the Hippocratic principle of ubi stimulus, ibi affluxus.
Translations:
flaky
Part of speech: adj
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English flake
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
English flaky
From flake + -y.
Inflected forms:
form: flakier
pos: adj
tags: comparative
form: flakiest
pos: adj
tags: superlative
form: flakey
pos: adj
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: Consisting of flakes or of small, loose masses; lying, or cleaving off, in flakes or layers; flakelike.
pos: adj
gloss: Unreliable; likely to make plans with others but then abandon those plans.
pos: adj
tags: informal
examples: I have noticed that when hustlers upgrade themselves to models (as distinguished from models who have never hustled) they tend to continue being flaky about appointments. On my last trip to San Juan, Puerto Rico, I was stood up twice.
gloss: Unreliable; working only on an intermittent basis; likely due to malfunction.
pos: adj
tags: informal
examples: I cannot enjoy the online game because of my flaky Internet connection.
Toeava went over unopposed to stretch his side's lead but Japan got on the scoreboard on 56 minutes, wing Hirotoki Onozawa intercepting an attempted offload from Slade, who had a rather flaky game, and running in from the All Blacks' 10m line.
Related words: cornflakey
Derived words: flakily
flakiness
flaky pastry
nonflaky
unflaky
Translations:
lang: Esperanto
word: malasidua
lang: Finnish
word: epäluotettava
lang: Finnish
word: häilähtelevä
lang: Finnish
word: ailahteleva
lang: French
word: lâcheur
lang: German
word: unzuverlässig
lang: Greek
word: αλλοπρόσαλλος
roman: alloprósallos
lang: Italian
word: inaffidabile
lang: Italian
word: strambo
lang: Japanese
word: 頼りない
roman: tayorinai
lang: Macedonian
word: недо́верлив
roman: nedóverliv
lang: Māori
word: māhunga wai
lang: Polish
word: postrzelony
lang: Russian
word: ненадёжный
roman: nenadjóžnyj
lang: Russian
word: ветреный
roman: vetrenyj
lang: Spanish
word: poco / no / nada fiable
lang: Spanish
word: faltón
lang: Spanish
word: malqueda
lang: Ukrainian
word: непе́вний
roman: nepévnyj
lang: Ukrainian
word: легкова́жний
roman: lehkovážnyj
lang: Yiddish
word: אומפֿאַרלאָזלעך
roman: umfarlozlekh
fleck
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English *flekk, *flekke (attested in Middle English flekked (“spotted, flecked”)), from Old Norse flekkr (“spot”), from Proto-Germanic *flekka-. Cognate with Dutch vlek, German Fleck, Swedish fläck.
Inflected forms:
form: flecks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: flecks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: flecking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: flecked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: flecked
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A flake.
pos: noun
examples: two flecks of Lard cut with your knife
gloss: A lock, as of wool.
pos: noun
examples: With teeth they smooth their work, as on it slips,
And flecks of wool stick to their wither'd lips
A single fleck of wool from his sock got caught on a splintery floorboard and that was enough to convict him.
gloss: A small spot or streak; a speckle.
pos: noun
examples: So fret not, like an idle girl, / That life is dash'd with flecks of sin. / Abide: thy wealth is gathered in, / When Time hath sunder'd shell from pearl.
gloss: A small amount.
pos: noun
examples: a fleck of hope
a fleck of imagination
gloss: To mark (something) with small spots.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: So this was my future home, I thought![…]Backed by towering hills, the but faintly discernible purple line of the French boundary off to the southwest, a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.
It was a perfect June day, with only a few light clouds flecking a pure blue sky.
The Names of the Moons of Mars is a frequently somber book, flecked through with optimism and humor.
Derived words: befleck
fleckless
flecky
pith fleck
snowfleck
sunfleck
Translations:
flirtation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Etymology tree
English flirt
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin -ātiōlbor.
Old French -ationbor.
Middle English -acioun
English -ation
English flirtation
From flirt + -ation.
Inflected forms:
form: flirtations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Playing at courtship; coquetry.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The inquest on keeper Davidson was duly held, and at the commencement seemed likely to cause Tony Palliser less anxiety than he had expected. Northrop knew all about Tony's flirtation with Lucy Davidson, but it also knew a good deal more about that lady than Tony did, and exculpated him.
gloss: An instance of flirting.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Courtenaye augured well from the profound silence; suddenly a burst of applause shook the house, the curtain had fallen, and Booth sprang to Walter's side, who was still engaged in an animated flirtation with an actress who was to play in the afterpiece.
gloss: A period of experimentation with or interest in a particular idea or activity.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The elimination of vacuum-braked wagons would be slowed down, and the Western Region's flirtation with diesel-hydraulic locomotives was questioned.
Related words: flirt
roving eye
Derived words: cyberflirtation
flirtational
flirtationless
flirtationship
flirtatious
Translations:
fluctuation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin fluctuatiōnem, accusative singular of fluctuatiō, from fluctuō, from fluctus. Morphologically fluctuate + -ion.
Base: fluctuate
Affixes: -ion
Inflected forms:
form: fluctuations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; an irregular rising and falling.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the fluctuations of the sea
The rolling stock has been specially designed to meet the needs of the fluctuation of traffic in peak and off-peak periods.
The scientific instruments of the day recorded rapid fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, as powerful electrical currents flowed through the upper atmosphere.
gloss: A wavering; unsteadiness.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: fluctuations of opinion
fluctuations of prices
gloss: In medicine, a wave-like motion or undulation of a fluid in a natural or abnormal cavity (e.g. pus in an abscess), which is felt during palpation or percussion.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: fluctuate
Derived words: cofluctuation
fluctuational
fluctuation theorem
microfluctuation
quantum fluctuation
refluctuation
Translations:
lang: Arabic
word: تَأْرْجُح
roman: taʔrjuḥ
lang: Arabic
word: تَقَلُّب
roman: taqallub
lang: Catalan
word: fluctuació
lang: Chinese Mandarin
word: 波動 /波动
roman: bōdòng
lang: Esperanto
word: fluktuado
lang: Finnish
word: heilahtelu
lang: Finnish
word: huojunta
lang: French
word: fluctuation
lang: German
word: Schwankung
lang: Hungarian
word: hullámzás
lang: Japanese
word: 波動
roman: hadō
lang: Polish
word: wahanie
lang: Polish
word: falowanie
lang: Portuguese
word: flutuação
lang: Portuguese
word: ondulação
lang: Russian
word: колеба́ние
roman: kolebánije
lang: Spanish
word: fluctuación
lang: Ukrainian
word: колива́ння
roman: kolyvánnja
lang: Ukrainian
word: флукту́ація
roman: fluktúacija
foment
Part of speech: verb
noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: medicine
sciences
Etymology: From Middle English fomenten, a borrowing from Old French fomenter, from Late Latin fōmentāre, from Latin fōmentum (“lotion”), from fovēre (“heat, cherish”).
Inflected forms:
form: foments
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: fomenting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: fomented
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: fomented
pos: verb
tags: past
form: foments
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: To incite or cause troublesome acts; to encourage; to instigate.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: He was arrested for fomenting a riot; after all, it's bad enough being in a riot but starting one is much worse.
Foreign governments have tried to foment unrest.
The factor which had caused the militant five per cent to relax awhile from fomenting discord was the satellites. Sustained research in rocketry had at last succeeded in attaining one of its objectives. It had sent up a missile which stayed up.
Blogjects always have some form of agency — they can foment action and participate; they have an assertive voice within the social web.
Boris Johnson and senior Conservative ministers have vigorously condemned the violence in Washington, but have largely steered clear of condemning Trump for fomenting it.
“Indignation foments extreme behaviour,” the director says of a film he believes will leave audiences wondering: “How far will people go as a result of their anger?”
As figures like Warsi took to the TV and podcast studios the politicians who are normally most vocal when there are divisions to be fomented and culture wars to be fought went awol.
gloss: To apply a poultice to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Sties in the eye are irritating and disfiguring. Foment with warm water; at night apply a bread-and-milk poultice.
The maid had entered with us, and began once more to foment the bruise upon her mistress's brow.
gloss: Fomentation.
pos: noun
examples: He came in no conciliatory mood, and the foment was kept up.
Derived words: fomentation
fomenter
fomentress
refoment
unfomented
Translations:
fondly
Part of speech: adv
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English fondly, fondely, fonnedli, equivalent to fond + -ly.
Base: fond
Affixes: -ly
Inflected forms:
form: more fondly
pos: adv
tags: comparative
form: most fondly
pos: adv
tags: superlative
Senses:
gloss: In a fond manner; affectionately; tenderly.
pos: adv
examples: He looked fondly at the pictures of his high-school friends.
gloss: Foolishly.
pos: adv
tags: dated
examples: "Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?" / I fondly ask...
[…] she fondly believes that ten millions of the free people of the Union will allow her and her seceding brethren to open and shut the portals of this mighty region at their pleasure.
Translations:
footprint
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: compound
Topics: biology
cartography
computing
ecology
engineering
geography
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
Etymology: From foot + print.
Compound parts: foot
print
Inflected forms:
form: footprints
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The impression of the foot in a soft substance such as sand or snow.
pos: noun
examples: “Yes, there are two distinct sets of footprints, both wearing rubber shoes—one I think ordinary plimsolls, the other goloshes,” replied the sergeant.
gloss: Space required by a piece of equipment.
pos: noun
examples: This computer has a smaller footprint.
gloss: The amount of hard drive space required for a program.
pos: noun
gloss: The audit trail left by a crashed program.
pos: noun
gloss: A trace left behind that gives evidence of some action having occurred.
pos: noun
examples: In a recent study with a movie recommendation site […], higher message interactivity in the form of footprints of user actions, responsive suggestions in a search box, and live-chatting with an online agent led to greater perceived contingency and engagement with the site, which ultimately created more positive attitudes toward it and higher intention to recommend the site to others.
gloss: What a person has done before, as a profession or lifestyle, serving as a model for others.
pos: noun
tags: figuratively
in-plural
examples: He is following in his father's footprints.
gloss: The surface space occupied by a structure.
pos: noun
examples: the footprint of a building
Heavy debris would generally travel farther downrange within the debris footprint; lighter material would generally fall near the point of intercept. Footprint lengths can vary […]
As a commuter train, there's not really much need for a lot of luggage provision, especially as there is a lot of space within the footprint of the saloon.
gloss: A company's geographic market presence.
pos: noun
examples: The store, which is slated to open next month, increases the company's footprint in the market to 14 locations.
gloss: The ecological impact of a human activity, machine, etc.
pos: noun
examples: My carbon footprint is very high.
gloss: Availability of a satellite from the ground.
pos: noun
examples: When a satellite's footprint covers a wider area than intended, the footprint is said to “spillover” ^([sic]) into surrounding territory.
gloss: A polygon representing the shape of an item.
pos: noun
examples: building footprint
Derived words: carbon footprint
cyberfootprint
digital footprint
ecofootprint
ecological footprint
foodprint
footprinted
footprinting
footprints on the sands of time
noise footprint
plastic footprint
water footprint
Translations:
forgery
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Recorded since 1574; from forge + -ery, from Middle English forgen, via Anglo-Norman forger, from Old French forgier, from Latin fabricārī (“to frame, construct, fabricate”), itself from fabrica (“workshop; construction”), from faber (“workman, smith”).
(fake): Compare typologically Russian кова́рный (kovárnyj), кова́рство (kovárstvo), ко́зни (kózni) (akin to кова́ть (kovátʹ), ку́зница (kúznica)).
Base: forge
Affixes: -ery
Inflected forms:
form: forgeries
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of forging metal into shape.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the forgery of horseshoes
gloss: The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; especially the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another, the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: the forgery of a bond
Such a scandal as the prosecution of a brother for forgery—with a verdict of guilty—is a most truly horrible, deplorable, fatal thing. It takes the respectability out of a family perhaps at a critical moment, when the family is just assuming the robes of respectability: […] it is a black spot which all the soaps ever advertised could never wash off.
gloss: That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised or counterfeited.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: An invention, creation.
pos: noun
tags: archaic
countable
uncountable
Synonyms: counterfeit
fake
Derived words: cross-site request forgery
forger
philatelic forgery
postal forgery
sporgery
Translations:
formulation
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: medicine
sciences
Inflected forms:
form: formulations
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The formulation with the bare infinitive was somewhat less common.
gloss: A medicinal preparation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: If you liked our old shampoo, you'll love the new kinder, gentler formulation.
Related words: formula
formulate
Derived words: bioformulation
coformulation
formulational
misformulation
nanoformulation
nonformulation
preformulation
reformulation
Translations:
lang: Bulgarian
word: формулиране
roman: formulirane
lang: Bulgarian
word: изразяване
roman: izrazjavane
lang: Bulgarian
word: редакция
roman: redakcija
lang: Catalan
word: formulació
lang: Czech
word: formulace
lang: Esperanto
word: formulado
lang: French
word: formulation
lang: Indonesian
word: formulasi
lang: Indonesian
word: perumusan
lang: Italian
word: formulazione
lang: Japanese
word: 定式化
roman: teishikika
lang: Malay
word: perumusan
lang: Portuguese
word: formulação
lang: Romanian
word: formulare
lang: Russian
word: формули́рование
roman: formulírovanije
lang: Slovene
word: formulácija
lang: Spanish
word: formulación
lang: Turkish
word: formüle etme
fornication
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Topics: law
lifestyle
religion
Etymology: From Middle English fornicacioun, from Old French fornicacion, from Latin fornicātiō, from fornix (“brothel”).
Inflected forms:
form: fornications
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: Sexual intercourse by people who are not married to each other, or which is considered illicit in another way.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: FRIAR BARNARDINE. Thou hast committed—
BARABAS. Fornication: but that was in another country;
And besides, the wench is dead.
I am the sister of one Claudio,
Condemned upon the act of fornication
To lose his head, condemned by Angelo
Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.
Draw not near unto fornication; for it is wickedness, and an evil way
In one case, where a man was sued for committing fornication with his wife before marriage, it appeared, that seven years after her death he was cited to stand as a prisoner at their bar, though he had lived with her for nine years,[…]
... that he was a married man at the time is a necessary allegation, as the allegation that he was an unmarried man would have been necessary had he been charged with the crime of incest, by having committed fornication with his daughter.
Thus, at Roxbury, 1678, Hanna Hopkins was censured in the church for fornication with her husband before marriage and for fleeing from justice into Rhode Island.
gloss: Sexual intercourse in general; sex.
pos: noun
tags: colloquial
countable
uncountable
examples: For a moment he stared at the back of the Lascar, wondering if he were the youth that he had disturbed during fornication with his Engineer, then dismissed all thoughts of the previous night, he was getting old, and suspicious, what did it matter […]
Related words: fornicate
Derived words: Californication
fornicatory
Translations:
fortification
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French fortification, from Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem, from fortifico, from Latin fortis. By surface analysis, fort + -ification.
Inflected forms:
form: fortifications
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Premier Raymond Poincaré, ever an arch militarist, took full advantage of last week’s war scare in the Belgian Parliament to trumpet through the inspired Parisian press that France must drastically increase her armaments. While this propaganda was at its height, he announced to the Chamber that the first important measure to be presented by the Cabinet during the present session (TIME, Nov. 22 et seq.) will be a bill appropriating several billion francs for armaments and fortification of the Franco-German and Franco-Italian frontiers.
gloss: That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.
“[…] We are engaged in a great work, a treatise on our river fortifications, perhaps? But since when did army officers afford the luxury of amanuenses in this simple republic?[…]”
As Edwin Clark [...] wrote in 1850: "[...] The lofty towers of the castle overhang the western approach to the Bridge, and the line passes into Conway through an opening pierced in the embattled wall, which entirely surrounds the town. These fortifications are in good preservation, and rank among the most perfect examples of the strongholds of the 13th century."
gloss: An increase in effectiveness, as by adding ingredients.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Compare the nutrition information label of a regular ready-to-eat fortified cereal with that of a presweetened brand and you'll note that, although the sweetened one's sugar content is higher, the fortification is virtually identical.
gloss: A jagged pattern sometimes seen during an attack of migraine.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
Related words: fortify
Derived words: biofortification
fortification curtain
nonfortification
overfortification
postfortification
refortification
Translations:
fortress
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: board-games
chess
games
Etymology: Early 14 c., from Old French forteresce, forteresse, forterece (“strong place, fortification”), variant of fortelesse, from Medieval Latin fortalitia, from Latin fortis (“strong”) (see fort) + -itia, added to adjectives to form nouns of quality or condition. French -ess, from Latin -itia is also in words such as duress, prowess, largesse and richesse. For change of medial -l- to -r- in Old French, compare orne (“elm”) from ulmus; chartre from cartula and chapitre from capitulum. First attested in the 12th century.
Affixes: -itia
Inflected forms:
form: fortresses
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fortresses
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: fortressing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: fortressed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: fortressed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; for example a fort, a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.
pos: noun
examples: Like the Mesolithic age of 10,000-8000 B.C., the period 6000-4000 B.C. seems to be one of the fall of fortresses and the rise of pastoral nomadism.
gloss: A position that, if obtained by the weaker side, will prevent penetration by the opposing side, generally achieving a draw.
pos: noun
gloss: To furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to guard, to fortify.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Honour and Beautie in the owners armes, / Are weaklie fortreſt from a world of harmes.
Synonyms: bastion
bulwark
citadel
stronghold
Related words: fortalice
fortilice
Derived words: cyberfortress
fortresslike
superfortress
Translations:
fossilization
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From fossil + -ization or fossilize + -ation.
Base: fossil
Affixes: -ization
Inflected forms:
form: fossilizations
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fossilisation
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The process of converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: The process of becoming fixed, unchanging, and out of date.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
countable
figuratively
uncountable
Derived words: prefossilization
Translations:
fraternization
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From French fraternisation.
Inflected forms:
form: fraternizations
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: fraternisation
pos: noun
tags: alternative
Senses:
gloss: The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: Having a friendly relationship with the enemy.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: any type of disallowed, supposedly unethical and unprofessional, social or intimate contact between employees, especially between different gender, class or rank.
pos: noun
tags: US
countable
derogatory
uncountable
Related words: antifraternization
confraternization
fraternism
fraternize
nonfraternization
sexual fraternization
Translations:
freighter
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
nautical
physical-sciences
transport
Etymology: Etymology tree
English freight
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āzijos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English freighter
From freight + -er.
Inflected forms:
form: freighters
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: One who loads a ship.
pos: noun
examples: Near-synonyms: docker, dockworker, stevedore, longshoreman; loader
gloss: One who charters and loads a ship.
pos: noun
examples: Near-synonym: charterer
gloss: One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.
pos: noun
gloss: One for whom freight is transported.
pos: noun
gloss: A ship used mainly to carry freight.
pos: noun
examples: cargo freighter
oil freighter
bulk freighter
The cargo was shipped across the ocean on a large freighter.
A Chinese freighter was spotted entering the harbor.
gloss: An aircraft used mainly to carry freight; a cargo aircraft or cargo plane.
pos: noun
tags: broadly
Derived words: preighter
Translations:
frieze
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: Late Middle English, from French and Middle French frise, probably from Medieval Latin Frisia (“Frisian (wool)”) due to import via Northern ships. Or, from French friser (“to curl”)..
Inflected forms:
form: friezes
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: freeze
pos: noun
tags: alternative
form: friezes
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: friezing
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: friezed
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: friezed
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A kind of coarse woollen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: [I]f a plaine fellow well and cleanely apparelled, either in home-ſpun ruſſet or freeze (as the ſeaſon requires) with a five pouch at his girdle, happen to appeare in his ruſticall likenes: there is a Cozen ſaies one, At which word out flies the Taker, and thus giues the onſet vpon my olde Pennyfather.
This dark, frieze-coated, hoarse, teeth-chattering month […]
From beggar's frieze to monarch's robe, / One common doom is pass'd; / Sweet nature's works, the swelling globe, / Must all burn out at last.
"You may shoot, or you may not," cried Scarrow, striking his hand upon the breast of his frieze jacket.
gloss: To make a nap on (cloth); to frizz.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
Translations:
fright
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English fright, furht, from Old English fryhtu, fyrhto (“fright, fear, dread, trembling, horrible sight”), from Proto-Germanic *furhtį̄ (“fear”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥k- (“to fear”).
Cognate with Scots fricht (“fright”), Old Frisian fruchte (“fright”), Low German frucht (“fright”), Middle Dutch vrucht, German Furcht (“fear, fright”), Danish frygt (“fear”), Swedish fruktan (“fear, fright, dread”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹 (faurhtei, “fear, horror, fright”). Compare possibly Albanian frikë (“fear, fright, dread, danger”).
Inflected forms:
form: frights
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: With a bolt of fright he remembered that there was no bathroom in the Hobhouse Room. He leapt along the corridor in a panic, stopping by the long-case clock at the end where he flattened himself against the wall.
gloss: Someone strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: Her maids were old, and if she took a new one,
You might be sure she was a perfect fright;
She did this during even her husband's life
I recommend as much to every wife.
Related words: frighten
Derived words: affrighten
frightable
frightfest
frightful
frightless
frightly
frightmare
frightment
frightsome
frighty
horsefright
speechfright
Translations:
frighten
Part of speech: verb
Morphological type: derivation
Etymology: From Middle English *frightenen, equivalent to fright + -en.
Base: fright
Affixes: -en
Inflected forms:
form: frightens
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: frightening
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: frightened
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: frightened
pos: verb
tags: past
form: freighten
pos: verb
tags: alternative
obsolete
Senses:
gloss: To cause to feel fear; to scare; to cause to feel alarm or fright.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Avery puts a sheet over her head, pretending to be a ghost to frighten Emily.
His Deſign was only to frighten France, and get more Money.
You may frighten a pig, a goose, a frog, and even a fly, but you cannot frighten or surprise a sloth.
And he commanded his soldiers […] to frighten them with fierce swords, but the hearts of the holy men did not quail, and they were unable to alter their words.
gloss: To become scared or alarmed.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
examples: In fitting the White Leghorns for exhibition, it must be remembered that they are of nervous disposition and frighten easily.
Those male moose at the southeast arm didn't frighten very much when we docked to fly-fish one day. One was so scared of us he just walked toward us and snorted.
Be sneaky. Fish frighten easily.
Synonyms: alarm
affright
appall
dismay
fray
frighten
grill
give someone the shits
harrow
horrify
make someone's blood run cold
mortify
petrify
scare
scare straight
scare the bejeebers out of
scare the hell out of
scare the pants off of
scare the shit out of
terrorize
terrify
spook
Related words: fright
afraid
coward
disheartening
fear
nervous
asustar
Derived words: do someone a frighten
frightenable
frightener
frightening
frightensome
frighten the horses
frighten the life out of someone
frighten the piss out of
overfrighten
unfrighten
Translations:
frisk
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English frisk (“lively, frisky”), from Middle French frisque (“lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay”), of Germanic origin, perhaps from Middle Dutch frisc (“fresh”) or Old High German frisc (“fresh”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”). Cognate with Icelandic frískur (“frisky, fresh”). Doublet of fresco and fresh. More at fresh.
Alternative etymology derives frisk from an alteration (due to Old French fresche (“fresh”)) of Old French fricque, frique (“smart, strong, playful, bright”), from Gothic *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*friks, “greedy, hungry”), from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“greedy, active”), from Proto-Indo-European *preg- (“greedy, fierce”). Cognate with Middle Dutch vrec (“greedy, avaricious”), German frech (“insolent”), Old English frec (“greedy, eager, bold, daring, dangerous”). More at freak.
Inflected forms:
form: frisks
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: frisks
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: frisking
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: frisked
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: frisked
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: A little playful skip or leap; a brisk and lively movement.
pos: noun
gloss: The act of frisking, of searching for something by feeling someone's body.
pos: noun
examples: The customs officer gave me a frisk after I went through the metal detector.
gloss: To frolic, gambol, skip, dance, leap.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To search (someone) by feeling their body and clothing.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: The police frisked the suspiciously-acting individual and found a knife as well as a bag of marijuana.
gloss: To search (a place).
pos: verb
tags: transitive
examples: Furniture was tipped over and drawers pulled out. Someone had obviously frisked the joint before we arrived.
Synonyms: pat down
Related words: frisk someone's cly
Derived words: frisco
friskful
friskee
friskingly
stop-and-frisk
unfrisked
Translations:
frontier
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: simple
Etymology: From Middle English frounter, from Old French fronter (whence Modern French frontière), from front.
Inflected forms:
form: frontiers
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: frontiers
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: frontiering
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: frontiered
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
form: frontiered
pos: verb
tags: past
Senses:
gloss: The part of a country which borders or faces another country or unsettled region.
pos: noun
examples: the frontier of civilization
There were not many passengers, and the journey was uneventful until the frontier was reached at Padang Besar, although an armed escort of Malay police accompanied the train from Alor Star.
From time to time the coaches of the Lötschberg Railway itself, which in comfort and décor can rank with the finest in Europe today, travel far from the frontiers of Switzerland on through workings such as these.
Unlike a boundary, which evokes the image of a line on a map and demarcates spheres of political control, the frontier is an area where colonisation is taking place....no authority is recognised as legitimate by all parties or is able to [exercise] undisputed control over the area.
But there is also real opposition to Nato expansion - and even to Nato's continued existence after the Cold War.
This is a view shared by a very large part of Russia's military and foreign affairs establishment.
Educated and trained during the Soviet period, they are still inculcated with notions of super-power military might.
It has been painful for these people to see Nato's outer edge creep ever closer to what was once the frontier of the USSR.
The demise of “de minimis”, as the exemption is known, is the latest, symbolic reminder to digital darlings that frontiers exist—and that business models built on their absence are in need of a rethink.
gloss: The most advanced or recent version of something; the leading edge.
pos: noun
examples: Near-synonyms: vanguard, state of the art
the frontier of solid state electronics
gloss: An outwork of a fortification.
pos: noun
tags: obsolete
examples: thou hast talk'd. Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents,
 Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets
gloss: To live as pioneers on frontier territory.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
gloss: To place on the frontier.
pos: verb
tags: obsolete
transitive
examples: now that it is no more a Border, nor frontiered with Enemies, why should such Privileges be any more continued?
Derived words: cyberfrontier
efficient frontier
e-frontier
final frontier
frontier AI
frontier artificial intelligence
Frontier County
frontierism
frontierist
frontierless
frontierlike
frontierman
frontier orbital
frontiersman
frontiersperson
frontierswoman
frontierwoman
high frontier
last frontier
New Frontier
nonfrontier
Pareto frontier
portfolio frontier
scientific frontier
transfrontier
Translations:
frostbite
Part of speech: noun
verb
Morphological type: compound
Etymology: From frost + bite.
Compound parts: frost
bite
Inflected forms:
form: frostbites
pos: noun
tags: plural
form: frostbites
pos: verb
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: frostbiting
pos: verb
tags: participle
present
form: frostbit
pos: verb
tags: past
form: frostbitten
pos: verb
tags: participle
past
Senses:
gloss: An injury suffered as a result of freezing of some part of the body, typically fingers, toes or the nose.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
gloss: To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost.
pos: verb
tags: transitive
gloss: To engage in winter sailboating.
pos: verb
tags: intransitive
Derived words: frostbitten
Translations:
fructification
Part of speech: noun
Morphological type: derivation
Topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin frūctusder.
English fructi-
English -fication
English fructification
From fructi- + -fication.
Inflected forms:
form: fructifications
pos: noun
tags: plural
Senses:
gloss: The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: In nature, the wild hop is usually shadowed during its growing period by bushes and trees, and it is only those aboveground parts which are intensively illuminated which pass into fructification period.
Lucuma salicifolia (canistal) and Micropholis mexicana (wild apricot) are the most infested fruit species. They have a very short fructification period.
Studying the duration of the flowering-fructification period among interspecific first-generation back-cross progenies of African species showed that this trait is positively correlated (r=0.78) with 100-seed weight and caffeine content.
gloss: The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores.
pos: noun
tags: countable
uncountable
examples: The fructification is liable to become very convex in age.
The essence of the fructification consists in the flower and the fruit.
Postheterotopic transformations played a great role in the evolution of fructifications. The formation of specialized seed-like sporophylls in the Lepidocarpaceae, of strobilar fructifications in the Noeggerathiales, of various capsules and other seed-bearing organs of many gymnosperms belong here.
Translations: