ஊடுபாலினம்
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 [[File:Third International Intersex Forum.jpg|thumb|300px| மூன்றாம் பன்னாட்டு ஊடுபாலினப் பேரவையில் பங்கேற்றோர், ஊடுபாலின உரிமைகள், மால்ட்டா, திசம்பர்  2013]]
 
 '''ஊடுபாலினம்''' ''(Intersex)'' '''ஊடுபாலியல்''' சார்ந்த மக்கள் என்பவர் பிறப்பில் நிலவும் அனைத்து பாலியல் பான்மை வேறுபாடுகளில்  ஏதாவது ஒன்றை/ பலவற்றைத் தழுவிய ஆண், பெண் உடலோடு பொருந்தாத பிறப்பு வேறுபாடமைந்த தனியர்கள் ஆவர். இந்த பாலியல் வேறுபாடுகளில் குறுமவகங்கள், பாலாக்கிகள், பால்சுரப்புகள், பால் உறுப்புகள்  ஆகியன அடங்கும்.&lt;ref name=&quot;un-2016&quot;&gt;{{Citation| last1 = UN Committee against Torture | author1-link = United Nations Convention against Torture#Committee against Torture | last2 = UN Committee on the Rights of the Child | author2-link = Committee on the Rights of the Child | last3 = UN Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities | author3-link = Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities | last4 = UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment | last5 = Juan Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | author5-link = Juan E. Méndez | last6 = Dainius Pῡras Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | last7 = Dubravka Šimonoviæ, Special Rapporteur on violence against women its causes and consequences | last8 = Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children | last9 =African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights | author9-link = African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights | last10 = Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights | author10-link = Commissioner for Human Rights | last11 = Inter-American Commission on Human Rights | author11-link = Inter-American Commission on Human Rights | work = [[Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]]| title = Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge| date = October 24, 2016| url = http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20739&amp;LangID=E}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;unfe-fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | author = &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; | publisher = United Nations [[Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]] | title = Free &amp; Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex | url = https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf | access-date = 28 March 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071043/https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | df = dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; இந்த வேறுபாடுகளில் பாலுறுப்பு மய்க்கமோ குறுமவகப் புறத்தோற்றவகைச் சேர்மானங்களோ அமையலாம்; ஆனால், இயல்பான  XY-ஆண், XX-பெண் சேர்மானங்கள் அமையமாட்டா.&lt;ref name=&quot;Money&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Money |first=John |authorlink1=John Money |author2=Ehrhardt, Anke A. |title=Man &amp; Woman Boy &amp; Girl. Differentiation and dimorphism of gender identity from conception to maturity |year=1972 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-8018-1405-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/manwomanboygirl00mone }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dreger&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Domurat Dreger |first=Alice |authorlink = Alice Dreger |title=Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex |year=2001 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-674-00189-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 == மேலும் காண்க ==
 * [[மூன்றாம் பாலினம்]]
 
 ==மேற்கோள்கள்==
 '''குறிப்புகள்'''
 {{Reflist}}
 
 '''நூல்தொகை'''
 {{further|Intersex human rights reports}}
 * {{Cite book| authorlink = Asia Pacific Forum | isbn = 978-0-9942513-7-4| last = Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions| title = Promoting and Protecting Human Rights in relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Sex Characteristics| date = June 2016| url = http://www.asiapacificforum.net/resources/manual-sogi-and-sex-charactersitics/}}
 * {{Cite journal |title=How sexually dimorphic are we? Review and synthesis|journal=[[Am J Hum Biol]] |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=151–166 |year=2000 |pmid=11534012 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(200003/04)12:2&lt;151::AID-AJHB1&gt;3.0.CO;2-F |first=Melanie |last=Blackless |first2=Anthony |last2=Charuvastra |first3=Amanda |last3=Derryck |first4=Anne |last4=Fausto-Sterling |first5=Karl |last5=Lauzanne |first6=Ellen |last6=Lee}}
 * {{Citation| last1 = Council of Europe| last2 = Commissioner for Human Rights| author1-link = Council of Europe| author2-link = Commissioner for Human Rights | title = Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper| date = April 2015| url = https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=CommDH/IssuePaper(2015)1&amp;Language=lanEnglish&amp;Ver=original |ref=none}}
 * {{Cite book| work = [[NYU Press]]| isbn = 978-1-4798-3786-1| last = Davis| first = Georgiann| authorlink = Georgiann Davis | title = Contesting Intersex, The Dubious Diagnosis | location = New York| date = 2015| url = http://nyupress.org/books/9781479887040/}}
 * {{Cite web| publisher = [[Palm Center]]| last1 = Elders| first1 = M Joycelyn| last2 = Satcher| first2 = David| last3 = Carmona| first3 = Richard| author1-link = Joycelyn Elders | author2-link = David Satcher | author3-link = Richard Carmona | title = Re-Thinking Genital Surgeries on Intersex Infants| date = June 2017| url = http://www.palmcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Re-Thinking-Genital-Surgeries-1.pdf}}
 * {{Cite book| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-07714-4| last = Fausto-Sterling| first = Anne| title = Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality| date = 2000 | authorlink = Anne Fausto-Sterling| title-link = Sexing the Body}}
 * {{Cite book| publisher = Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung| isbn = 978-3-86928-107-0 | last1 = Ghattas| first1 = Dan Christian| author1-link = Dan Christian Ghattas | last2 = Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung | author2-link = Heinrich Böll Foundation | title =  Human Rights between the Sexes: A preliminary study on the life situations of inter*individuals| location = Berlin| date = 2013 | title-link = Human Rights between the Sexes }}
 * {{Cite book| work = [[Ashgate Publishing]]| isbn = 978-0-7546-7311-8| editor-last = Holmes | editor-first = Morgan | editorlink = Morgan Holmes| title = Critical intersex| location = Burlington, VT| series = Queer interventions| date = 2009}}
 * {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1136/adc.2006.098319| pmid = 16624884| pmc = 2082839| issn = 0003-9888| volume = 91| issue = 7| pages = 554–563| last1 = Hughes| first1 = I A| last2 = Houk | first2 = C | last3 = Ahmed | first3 = S F | last4 = Lee | first4 = P A | last5 = LWPES1/ESPE2 Consensus Group | title = Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders| journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood| date = June 2005 }}
 * {{Cite book| last1 = Human Rights Commission of the City and County of San Francisco| last2 = de María Arana| first2 = Marcus| title = A Human Rights Investigation Into The Medical &quot;Normalization&quot; Of Intersex People| location = San Francisco| date = 2005 | url =http://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=2bbf04f0-66c8-4dd9-9c20-2cdb1c936f79}}
 * {{Cite book| isbn = 978-1-62313-502-7| last1 = Human Rights Watch| author1-link = Human Rights Watch | last2 = interACT | author2-link = Interact Advocates for Intersex Youth | title = I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me| date = July 2017| url = https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/07/25/i-want-be-nature-made-me/medically-unnecessary-surgeries-intersex-children-us}}
 * {{Cite book |publisher=Open Book Publishers |isbn=978-1-78374-208-0 |last1=Jones |first1=Tiffany |last2=Hart |first2=Bonnie |last3=Carpenter |first3=Morgan |last4=Ansara |first4=Gavi |last5=Leonard |first5=William |last6=Lucke |first6=Jayne |title=Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia |location=Cambridge, UK |date=2016 |accessdate=2 February 2016 |url=https://interactadvocates.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Intersex-Stories-Statistics-Australia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527202242/https://interactadvocates.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Intersex-Stories-Statistics-Australia.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2018 }}
 * {{Cite journal |title=Intersex Studies: A Systematic Review of International Health Literature|journal=[[Sage Open]] |volume=2018 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |year=2018 |doi=10.1177/2158244017745577 |first=Tiffany |last=Jones }}
 * {{Cite book| publisher = Duke University Press| isbn = 978-0-8223-4318-9| last = Karkazis| first = Katrina| authorlink = Katrina Karkazis | title = Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience | date = 2008| title-link = Fixing Sex}}
 * {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1159/000442975| pmid = 26820577| issn = 1663-2818| volume = 85| issue = 3| last1 = Lee| first1 = Peter A.| last2 = Nordenström| first2 = Anna| last3 = Houk| first3 = Christopher P.| last4 = Ahmed| first4 = S. Faisal| last5 = Auchus| first5 = Richard| last6 = Baratz| first6 = Arlene| last7 = Baratz Dalke| first7 = Katharine| last8 = Liao| first8 = Lih-Mei| last9 = Lin-Su| first9 = Karen| last10 = Looijenga| first10 = Leendert H.J.| last11 = Mazur| first11 = Tom| last12 = Meyer-Bahlburg| first12 = Heino F.L.| last13 = Mouriquand| first13 = Pierre| last14 = Quigley| first14 = Charmian A.| last15 = Sandberg| first15 = David E.| last16 = Vilain| first16 = Eric| last17 = Witchel| first17 = Selma| last18 = and the Global DSD Update Consortium| title = Global Disorders of Sex Development Update since 2006: Perceptions, Approach and Care| journal = Hormone Research in Paediatrics| date = 2016-01-28| pages=158–180}}
 * {{Cite book| last = National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics, Switzerland| title = On the management of differences of sex development. Ethical issues relating to &quot;intersexuality&quot;.Opinion No. 20/2012| location = Berne| series = 2012| date = November 2012| url = http://www.nek-cne.ch/fileadmin/nek-cne-dateien/Themen/Stellungnahmen/en/NEK_Intersexualitaet_En.pdf| access-date = 20 October 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150423213245/http://www.nek-cne.ch/fileadmin/nek-cne-dateien/Themen/Stellungnahmen/en/NEK_Intersexualitaet_En.pdf| archive-date = 23 April 2015| url-status = dead| df = dmy-all| archivedate = 23 ஏப்ரல் 2015| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150423213245/http://www.nek-cne.ch/fileadmin/nek-cne-dateien/Themen/Stellungnahmen/en/NEK_Intersexualitaet_En.pdf}}
 * {{Cite web| last1 = Organisation Intersex International Australia| authorlink1 = Organisation Intersex International Australia | last2 = Carpenter| first2 = Morgan| authorlink2 = Morgan Carpenter | title = Submission on the Review of Part B of the Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Clinical Practice and Research, 2007| location = Sydney| date = April 2014| url = http://oii.org.au/25621/submission-ethics-genetic-selection-intersex-traits/}}
 * {{Cite book| last = Regmi| first = Esan| title = Stories of Intersex People from Nepal| location = Kathmandu| url = https://oii.org.au/30476/stories-intersex-people-nepal/ | date = 2016}}
 * {{Cite book| author1-link = Australian Senate | isbn = 978-1-74229-917-4 | last1 = Senate of Australia | last2 = Community Affairs References Committee| title = Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia| location = Canberra| date = 2013| url = http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Involuntary_Sterilisation/Sec_Report/index}}
 * {{Cite book| pages = 91–104| editor1-last = Center for Human Rights &amp; Humanitarian Law|editor2-last=Washington College of Law| last = Tamar-Mattis| first = Anne| authorlink = Anne Tamar-Mattis| editor1-link = Center for Human Rights &amp; Humanitarian Law | title =  Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture's 2013 Thematic Report| chapter = Medical Treatment of People with Intersex Conditions as Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment| location = Washington, DC| date = 2014| chapterurl = http://antitorture.org/torture-in-healthcare-publication/}}
 * {{Cite web| last=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | authorlink = Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | title = Free &amp; Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex| date = 2015| url = https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf }}
 * {{Citation| last1 = UN Committee against Torture | author1-link = United Nations Convention against Torture#Committee against Torture | last2 = UN Committee on the Rights of the Child | author2-link = Committee on the Rights of the Child  | last3 = UN Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities | author3-link = Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities | last4 = UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment | last5 = Juan Méndez | author5-link = Juan E. Méndez | last6 = Dainius Pῡras | last7 = Dubravka Šimonoviæ | last8 = Marta Santos Pais | last9 =African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights | author9-link = African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights | last10 = Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights | author10-link = Commissioner for Human Rights | last11 = Inter-American Commission on Human Rights | author11-link = Inter-American Commission on Human Rights | work = [[Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]]| title = Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge| date = 24 October 2016| url = http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20739&amp;LangID=E |ref=none}}
 * {{Cite book| isbn = 978-92-4-150732-5| last1 = World Health Organization| last2 = OHCHR| last3 = UN Women| last4 = UNAIDS| last5 = UNDP| last6 = UNFPA| last7 = UNICEF| title = Eliminating forced, coercive and otherwise involuntary sterilization, An interagency statement| date = 2014| url = http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112848/1/9789241507325_eng.pdf?ua=1|author1-link= World Health Organization | author2-link = Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights }}
 * {{cite book | authorlink = Zwischengeschlecht | last = Zwischengeschlecht | date = March 2014 | chapter-url = http://intersex.shadowreport.org/public/2014-CRC-Swiss-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM_v2.pdf | chapter = IGM – Historical Overview. Hermaphrodites in the 'Developed World': From Legal Self-Determination to IGM, Supplement 1 | title = NGO Report to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Periodic Report of Switzerland on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)| edition = 2 | pages = 49–62}}
 
 ==வெளி இணைப்புகள்==
 {{Commonscat-inline|Intersex}}
 {{external media | width = 210px | align = right | headerimage=  | video1 = [https://www.buzzfeed.com/lizzwarner/what-its-like-to-be-intersex &quot; What It's Like To Be Intersex&quot;], Lizz Warner, [[BuzzFeed]] }}
 
 [[பகுப்பு: ஊடுபாலினம்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:பாலின உயிரியல்]]