சைரஸ் உருளை
{{Infobox artefact
 | name          = சைரஸ் உருளை 
 | image         = [[File:Cyrus Cylinder front.jpg|250px| [[ஆப்பெழுத்து]] முறையில் [[அக்காதியம்|அக்காதிய]] மொழியில் எழுதப்பட பீப்பாய் வடிவ களிமன் உருளையின் முன்புறம்]] [[File:Cyrus Cylinder back.jpg|250px|உருளையின் பின் பக்கம்]] 
 | image_caption = [[சைரசு]] உருளையின் முன் மற்றும் பின்பக்கங்கள்
 | material      = சுட்ட களிமன் 
 | size          = {{convert|21.9|cm|in}} x {{convert|10|cm|in}} (maximum) x (end A) {{convert|7.8|cm|in}} x (end B) {{convert|7.9|cm|in}}
 | writing       =[[அக்காதியம்|அக்காதிய மொழியில்]] [[ஆப்பெழுத்து|ஆப்பெழுத்த்தில்]] எழுதப்பட்டது. 
 | created       = கிமு  539–538
 | period        = [[அகாமனிசியப் பேரரசு]]
 | discovered    = [[பாபிலோன்]], [[மெசொப்பொத்தேமியா]], ஹோர்மூசுத் ராஸ்சம், மார்ச் 1879 
 | location      =அறை எண் 52, [[பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகம்]], [[இலண்டன்]] 
 | id            = BM 90920 
 | registration = {{British-Museum-db|1880,0617.1941|id=327188}} 
 }}
 '''சைரஸ்  உருளை''' ('''Cyrus Cylinder''')  ({{lang-fa|استوانه کوروش|Ostovane-ye Kūrosh}}) அல்லது '''சைரஸ் சாசனம்''' ('''Cyrus Charter''') ({{lang|fa|منشور  کوروش}} ''{{transl|fa|Manshūre Kūrosh}}'') பண்டைய [[பாரசீகம்|பாரசீகததின்]] [[அகாமனிசியப் பேரரசு|அகாமனிசியப் பேரரசர்]] [[சைரசு]]  தனது அரசக் கட்டளைகளை நாடு அறிவிக்கும் பொருட்டு கிமு  539–538-இல்  [[ஆப்பெழுத்து]] முறையில் [[அக்காதியம்|அக்காதிய]] மொழியில் எழுதப்பட்ட சுட்ட களிமண் உருளை சாசனம் ஆகும்.  
 &lt;ref name=&quot;Dandamayev-Cylinder&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuhrt-2007a&quot;&gt;[[#Kuhrt-2007a|Kuhrt (2007)]], p. 70, 72&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 கிமு ஆறாம் நூற்றாண்டுக் காலத்திய இத்[[தொல்பொருள்]],  தற்கால [[ஈராக்]] நாட்டின் பண்டைய [[பாபிலோன்]] நகரத்தில் 1879-ஆம் ஆண்டில் மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்ட [[அகழ்வாய்வு|அகழாய்வில்]] கண்டெடுக்கப்பட்டது.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dandamayev-Cylinder&quot;&gt;[[#Dandamayev-Cylinder|Dandamayev, (2010-01-26)]]&lt;/ref&gt; தற்போது சைரஸ் உருளை [[பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகம்|பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகத்தில்]] உள்ளது. [[புது பாபிலோனியப் பேரரசு]] உள்ளிட்ட [[பண்டைய அண்மை கிழக்கு]] பகுதிகளை வென்ற பாரசீக அகாமனிசியப் பேரரசர் [[சைரசு]], சுட்ட களிமண் உருளைகளில் எழதப்பட்ட அரச கட்டளைகளை, பாபிலோன் உள்ளிட்ட [[மெசொப்பொத்தேமியா]]வின் [[பண்டைய அண்மை கிழக்கின் நகரங்கள்|நகரங்களின்]]  மக்களுக்கு அறிவிக்கவே நிறுவினார்.
 
 ==இதனையும் காண்க==
 * [[அமர்னா நிருபங்கள்]]
 == வெளி இணைப்புகள் ==
 *[https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=327188&amp;partId=1 The Cyrus Cylinder in British Museum]
 *[http://www.ted.com/talks/neil_macgregor_2600_years_of_history_in_one_object.html Neil MacGregor, Director of the British Museum, traces 2600 years of Middle Eastern history through this single object.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422021729/http://www.ted.com/talks/neil_macgregor_2600_years_of_history_in_one_object.html |date=2013-04-22 }}
 * [http://www.livius.org/pictures/a/tablets/cyrus-cylinder/ High-resolution photographs from Livius.org]
 
 ==அடிக்குறிப்புகள்==
 {{reflist|30em}}
 
 ===நூல்கள் ===
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 * {{cite book|ref=Wiesehöfer-1999|last=Wiesehöfer|first=Josef|authorlink=Josef Wiesehöfer|chapter=Kyros, der Schah und 2500 Jahre Menschenrechte. Historische Mythenbildung zur Zeit der Pahlavi-Dynastie|title=Mythen, Geschichte(n), Identitäten. Der Kampf um die Vergangenheit|editor=Conermann, Stephan|publisher=EB-Verlag|location=Schenefeld/Hamburg|year=1999|isbn=978-3-930826-52-0|language=German}}
 * {{cite book|ref=Wiesehöfer-2001|last=Wiesehöfer|first=Josef|title=Ancient Persia: From 550 BC to 650 AD|url=https://archive.org/details/ancientpersiafro0000wies|publisher=I.B. Tauris|location=London|year=2001|isbn=978-1-86064-675-1}}
 * {{cite book|ref=Weissbach|last=Weissbach|first=Franz Heinrich|title=Die Keilinschriften der Achämeniden|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.509085|series=Vorderasiatische Bibliotek|publisher=J. C. Hinrichs|location=Leipzig|year=1911|language=German}}
 * {{cite book|ref=Winn Leith|last=Winn Leith|first=Mary Joan|editor=Coogan, Michael David|chapter=Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period|title=The Oxford History of the Biblical World|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195087079|url-access=registration|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=1998|isbn=978-0-19-513937-2}}
 * {{cite book|ref=Farrokh|last=Farrokh|first=Kaveh|authorlink=Kaveh Farrokh|chapter=Cyrus the Great and early Achaemenids|title=Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84603-108-3}}
 * {{cite book|ref=Lauren|last=Lauren|first=Paul Gordon|chapter=Philosophical Visions: Human Nature, Natural Law, and Natural Rights|title=The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionofinter02edlaur_d4o4|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8122-1854-1}}
 {{refend}}
 
 === ஊடகக் கட்டுரைகள்===
 {{refbegin|30em}}
 * {{cite news|ref=Royal Asiatic Society|title=Royal Asiatic Society|work=The Times|date=18 November 1879}}
 * {{cite news|ref=Monument|title=A Monument of Cyrus the Great|work=The Oriental Journal|location=London|date=January 1880}}
 * {{cite news|ref=Housego|title=Pique and peacocks in Persepolis|last=Housego|first=David|work=The Times|date=1971-10-15}}
 * {{cite news|ref=Foucart|last=Foucart|first=Stéphane|title=Cyrus le taiseux|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=2007-08-19|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/web/imprimer_element/0,40-0@2-781732,50-945518,0.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130107084547/http://www.lemonde.fr/web/imprimer_element/0,40-0@2-781732,50-945518,0.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-07|accessdate=2008-07-30|language=French|archivedate=2013-01-07|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130107084547/http://www.lemonde.fr/web/imprimer_element/0,40-0@2-781732,50-945518,0.html|url-status=dead}}
 * {{cite news|ref=Jeffries|last=Jeffries|first=Stuart|title=A private view|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2005/oct/22/heritage|work=The Guardian|date=2005-10-22|accessdate=2010-06-19|location=London}}
 * {{cite news|ref=MacGregor|last=MacGregor|first=Neil|authorlink=Neil MacGregor|title=The whole world in our hands|journal=The Guardian|date=2004-07-24|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2004/jul/24/heritage.art|accessdate=2010-06-26|location=London}}
 * {{cite news|ref=Schulz|last=Schulz|first=Matthias|title=Falling for Ancient Propaganda: UN Treasure Honors Persian Despot|work=[[Spiegel Online]]|date=15 July 2008|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,566027,00.html|accessdate=25 November 2015}}
 * {{cite news|ref=Sheikholeslami|last=Sheikholeslami|first=Ali|title=Iran Gives British Museum 2-Month Deadline Over Cyrus Cylinder|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&amp;sid=a5av3UWdN1aU|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=2009-10-12|accessdate=2010-06-19}}
 * {{cite news |ref=Wilson |last=Wilson |first=John |title=British Museum in battle with Iran over ancient 'charter of rights' |newspaper=The Observer |date=2010-01-24 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/jan/24/cyrus-cylinder-iran-museum-row |accessdate=2010-06-24 |location=London }}
 * {{cite news|ref=Iran severs|author=Staff|title=Iran severs cultural ties with British Museum over Persian treasure|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/7183364/Iran-severs-cultural-ties-with-British-Museum-over-Persian-treasure.html|work=Daily Telegraph|date=2010-02-07|accessdate=2010-06-20|location=London}}
 * {{cite news |ref=IranSeeksComp |title=Iran seeks compensation from British Museum |date=2010-04-18 |work=[[Tehran Times]] |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=217775 }}
 * {{cite news |ref=Iran Demands |title=Iran demands $300,000 from British Museum over Cyrus Cylinder delay |date=2010-04-20 |work=[[தி டைம்ஸ்]] |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article7102268.ece#cid=OTC-RSS&amp;attr=797093 |quote=Iran is demanding that the British Museum pay $300,000 (£197,000) after it refused to hand over the Cyrus Cylinder—a cuneiform tablet regarded as the first declaration of human rights. |location=London }}
 * {{cite news |ref=CyrusCylinderReturns |title=Cyrus Cylinder, world's oldest human rights charter, returns to Iran on loan |work=[[தி கார்டியன்]] |date=2010-09-10 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/10/cyrus-cylinder-returns-iran |accessdate=2010-09-10 |location=London }}
 * {{cite news |ref=CyrusCylinderIrna |title=موزه بريتانيا: تبادل اشياء تاريخي با موزه ملي ايران براي ما مهم است (British Museum: Exchange of historical objects with the National Museum of Iran is important to us) |publisher=[[IRNA]] |date=2010-09-10 |url=http://www.irna.com/html/1389/13890619/267560.htm |accessdate=2010-09-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927160111/http://www.irna.com/html/1389/13890619/267560.htm |archivedate=2011-09-27 }}
 * {{cite news |ref=CyrusCylinderInstalled |title=منشور حقوق بشر كوروش در موزه ملي ايران استقرار يافت (The Human Rights Declaration of Cyrus was Installed at National Museum) |publisher=[[IRNA]] |date=2010-09-11 |url=http://www.irna.ir/html/1389/13890620/267930.htm |accessdate=2010-09-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316174257/http://www.irna.ir/html/1389/13890620/267930.htm |archivedate=2012-03-16 }}
 * {{cite news|ref=PressTV Sep-12-2010|title=Ahmadinejad hails Cyrus Cylinder|work=PressTV|date=12 September 2010|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/142251.html}}
 {{refend}}
 
 === பிற ஆதாரங்கள்===
 {{refbegin|30em}}
 * {{cite web|ref=BM-The Cyrus Cylinder|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/c/cyrus_cylinder.aspx|title=British Museum Highlights web page|accessdate=2010-06-08}}
 * {{cite web|ref=BM-database|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=327188&amp;partid=1|title=British Museum collection database web page, with full translation of the Cylinder's text|accessdate=2010-06-19}}
 * {{cite news |ref=BM-discovery-2010-01-11 |accessdate=2010-06-25 |title=British Museum Postpones Sending Artifact to Iran |quote='The agreement has been made with our colleagues in Iran that we'll postpone the loan to investigate this exciting discovery with them,' said Hannah Boulton, head of press and [[marketing]] at the British Museum. 'That's the reason for the postponement.' […] Boulton said the latest postponement had no link to recent events. |last=Nayeri |first=F. |date=2010-01-11 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&amp;sid=aL3dIlC_zlj0 |publisher=Bloomberg }}
 * {{cite book|ref=BM-inscription|title=The Cyrus Cylinder|year=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/cyprusbc7000year0000unse|quote=For almost 100 years the Cylinder was regarded as ancient Mesopotamian propaganda. This changed in 1971 when the Shah of Iran used it as a central image in his own propaganda celebrating 2500 years of Iranian monarchy. In Iran, the Cylinder has appeared on coins, banknotes and stamps. Despite being a Babylonian document it has become part of Iran's cultural identity.|publisher=British Museum|location=Inscription in room 55}}
 * {{cite web |ref=BM-Statements regarding |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/news_and_press_releases/statements/cyrus_cylinder.aspx |title=Statements regarding the Cyrus Cylinder |last=The British Museum |publisher=British Museum |date=2010-01-20 |accessdate=2010-06-01 }}
 * {{cite web|ref=UN Note|url=http://www.livius.org/a/1/inscriptions/cyrus.pdf|title=Note to Correspondents no. 3699|publisher=United Nations|date=1971-10-13|accessdate=2010-06-08}}
 * {{cite web |ref=Lendering |last=Lendering |first=Jona |authorlink=Jona Lendering |title=The Cyrus Cylinder |publisher=livius.org |date=2007-01-28 |url=http://www.livius.org/ct-cz/cyrus_I/cyrus_cylinder.html |accessdate=2008-07-30 |archive-date=2007-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224215254/http://www.livius.org/ct-cz/cyrus_I/cyrus_cylinder.html |url-status=dead }}
 * {{cite web|ref=Dandamayev-Iranica|last=Dandamaev|first=M.A.|title=Cyrus II The Great|work=Encyclopædia Iranica|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-iii|date=2010-01-26|accessdate=2010-06-08}}
 * {{cite web|ref=Dandamayev-Cylinder|last=Dandamaev|first=M.A.|title=The Cyrus Cylinder|work=Encyclopædia Iranica|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-iv|date=2010-01-26|accessdate=2010-09-13}}
 * {{cite web|ref=UN Press Release|url=http://www.livius.org/a/1/inscriptions/cyrus.pdf|title=United Nations Press Release SG/SM/1553/HQ263|date=1971-10-14|format=PDF|accessdate=2010-06-08}}
 * {{cite web|ref=UN-photo|url=http://www.unmultimedia.org/s/photo/detail/111/0111530.html|title=Gift of Iran to the United Nations|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2010-06-10|date=August 1985}}
 * {{cite web |ref=UN-HumanRightsDay |url=https://www.un.org/events/humanrights/2008/history.shtml |title=The First Global Statement of the Inherent Dignity and Equality |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=2010-09-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216001612/http://www.un.org/events/humanrights/2008/history.shtml |archivedate=2010-12-16 }}
 {{refend}}
 {{பண்டைய மெசொப்பொத்தேமியா}}
 
 [[பகுப்பு:தொல்லியல்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:ஈரானின் வரலாறு]]
 [[பகுப்பு:மெசொப்பொத்தேமியாவின் வரலாறு]]