தோபா எரிமலை வெடிப்பு
{{Infobox eruption
  | name = தோபா எரிமலை வெடிப்பு
  | photo = Image:Tobaeruption.png
  | photo-size =
  | caption = சிமெயுலுவே தீவுக்கு மேல் 26 மைல்கள் (42 கிமீ) உயரத்தில் இருந்து, வெடிப்பு எப்படி இருந்திருக்கும் எனக் காட்டும் படம். 
  | date = 69,000–77,000 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு
  | volcano = [[தோபா ஏரி|தோபா பேரெரிமலை]]
  | type = [[Ultra Plinian]]
  | location = [[சுமாத்திரா]], [[இந்தோனீசியா]]
  | coordinates = {{Coord|2.6845|98.8756|region:ID_type:waterbody_scale:500000|display=inline,title}}
  | VEI = 8.3
  | map = File:Toba zoom.jpg
  | location-map =
  | map-size =
  | map-caption = [[டோபா ஏரி]]. வெடிப்பினால் உருவான [[குழிவு ஏரி]].
  | impact = 6 ஆண்டுகள் எரிமலைக் குளிர்காலம், மக்கள்தொகைச் சுருக்கநிலை, பிரதேச இடவமைப்பில் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க மாற்றங்கள் என்பன.&lt;ref name=&quot;SavinoJones2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=John Savino|author2=Marie D. Jones|title=Supervolcano: The Catastrophic Event That Changed the Course of Human History: Could Yellowstone Be Next|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tSIa0VQn1NQC&amp;pg=PA140|year=2007|publisher=Career Press|isbn=978-1-56414-953-4|page=140}}{{Dead link|date=ஜனவரி 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 }}
 '''தோபா எரிமலை வெடிப்பு''' என்பது, 69,000 - 77,000 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்னர் [[இந்தோனீசியா]]வின் [[சுமாத்திரா]]வில் உள்ள இன்றைய [[தோபா ஏரி|தோபா ஏரிப்]] பகுதியில் ஏற்பட்ட [[பேரெரிமலை]] வெடிப்பு ஆகும். இது உலகில் இடம்பெற்ற மிகப்பெரிய எரிமலை வெடிப்புக்களுள் ஒன்று. இதன் அடிப்படையில் உருவான டோபா பேரழிவு எடுகோளின்படி இந்த நிகழ்வு 6-7 ஆண்டுகள் நீடித்த உலகம் தழுவிய எரிமலைக் குளிர்காலத்தை உருவாக்கியதுடன், 1000 ஆண்டுகள் எடுத்த குளிர்வுக் காலகட்டம் ஒன்றுக்கும் காரணமானது.
 
 மிகவும் நுணுக்கமாக ஆராயப்பட்ட பேரெரிமலை வெடிப்பு தோபா நிகழ்வேயாகும்.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- name=&quot;T1&quot; --&gt; {{Harvnb|Chesner|others|1991}}, p. 200; {{Harvnb|Jones|2007}}, p. 174; {{Harvnb|Oppenheimer|2002}}, pp. 1593–1594; {{Harvnb|Ninkovich|others|1978}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://toba.arch.ox.ac.uk/index.htm |title=The Toba Supervolcano And Human Evolution |publisher=Toba.arch.ox.ac.uk |accessdate=2013-08-05 |archive-date=2012-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212021704/http://toba.arch.ox.ac.uk/index.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/VBigIdeas/Supereruptions_files/Super-eruptionsGeolSocLon.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 1993ல் அறிவியல் ஊடகவியலாளர் ஆன் கிப்பன்சு இந்த வெடிப்புக்கும், மனிதகுல வளர்ச்சியின் சுருக்க நிலைக்கும் தொடர்பு உள்ளது என்னும் கருத்தை முன்வைத்தார். [[நியூயார்க் பல்கலைக்கழகம்|நியூயார்க் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தைச்]] சேர்ந்த மைக்கேல் ஆர். ராம்பினோவும், மனோவாவில் உள்ள [[அவாய்ப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்|அவாய்ப் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின்]] இசுட்டீபன் செல்ஃப் என்பவரும் இந்தக் கருத்தை ஆதரித்துள்ளனர். 1998ல், உர்பானா-சம்பைனில் உள்ள [[இல்லினோயிசுப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்|இல்லினோயிசுப் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின்]] இசுட்டான்லி எச். அம்புரோசு, மக்கள்தொகைச் சுருக்கக் கோட்பாட்டை (bottleneck theory) மேலும் வளர்தெடுத்தார்.
 
 ==குறிப்புகள்==
 {{reflist}}
 
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