உதவி:IPA for Dutch
The charts below show the way in which the [[பன்னாட்டு ஒலிப்பியல் அரிச்சுவடி|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[டச்சு மொழி|Dutch]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. 
 
 See [[Dutch phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Dutch, as well as dialectal variations that are not represented here.
 
 {|
 |- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
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 {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em&quot;
 ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[மெய்யொலி]]s
 |-
 ! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|b}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''b'''eet}} || '''''b'''ait''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|c}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|tien'''tj'''e}}{{ref|1|1}} || somewhat like '''''ch'''eer''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''d'''ak}} || '''''d'''uck''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|f}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''f'''iets}} || '''''f'''eats''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|v}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''v'''er}}{{ref|2|2}} || '''''v'''ery''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|x}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|a'''ch'''t}},{{ref|2|2}} {{lang|nl|we'''g'''}}{{ref|3|3}} || ''lo'''ch''''' ([[Scottish English]])
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɣ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''g'''aan}}{{ref|2|2}} || roughly like '''''g'''o'', but without completely blocking air flow on the '''''g'''''; [[எசுப்பானியம்|Spanish]] ''ami'''g'''o''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɦ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''h'''ad}}{{ref|2|2}} || ''be'''h'''ind'''''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|j}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''j'''as}} || '''''y'''ard''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|k}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''k'''at}} || ''s'''ch'''ool''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|l}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''l'''and}} || '''''l'''and''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|m}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''m'''ens}} || '''''m'''an''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|n}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''n'''ek}}{{ref|4|4}} || '''''n'''eck''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɲ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|ora'''nj'''e}}{{ref|1|1}} || somewhat like ''ca'''ny'''on''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ŋ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|e'''ng'''}} || ''lo'''ng'''''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|p}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''p'''en}}, {{lang|nl|ri'''b'''}}{{ref|3|3}} || ''s'''p'''ort''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|r}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''r'''as}}{{ref|5|5}}
 | [[trilled R]]; similar to ''wa'''t'''er'' ([[அமெரிக்க ஆங்கிலம்]])
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''s'''ok}} || '''''s'''ock''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|z}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''z'''eep}}{{ref|2|2}} || '''''z'''ip''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|t}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''t'''ak}}, {{lang|nl|ha'''d'''}}{{ref|3|3}} || ''s'''t'''op''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʋ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''w'''ang}}{{ref|6|6}} || between '''''w'''ine'' and '''''v'''ine''
 |-
 ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Marginal consonants
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|beëindig}}{{ref|7|7}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|[bəˈʔɛindəx]}} || the catch in ''uh'''-'''oh!''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɡ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''g'''oal}}{{ref|8|8}} || '''''g'''oal''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''sj'''abloon}}, {{lang|nl|'''ch'''ef}}{{ref|9|9}} || '''''sh'''all''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''j'''ury}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|9|9}} || ''vi'''si'''on''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|tʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''ch'''eck}}, {{lang|nl|'''Tsj'''echië}} || '''''ch'''at''
 |-
 ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt; {{IPAlink|ˈ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{lang|nl|v&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;rkomen}}&lt;br&gt;{{lang|nl|voork&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;men}}{{ref|10|10}}
 | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | as in ''battleship''&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/}}
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt; {{IPAlink|ˌ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 |}
 |
 {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em&quot;
 ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[உயிரொலி]]s
 |-
 ! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation
 |-
 ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Checked and free vowels|Checked vowels]]{{ref|11|11}}
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɑ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|b'''a'''d}} || [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] ''p'''a'''th'', [[General American|GA]] ''l'''o'''ck''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|b'''e'''d}} || ''b'''e'''d''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɪ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|v'''i'''s}} || ''s'''i'''t''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|b'''o'''t}} || [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] ''s'''o'''ft''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʏ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|h'''u'''t}} || roughly like ''f'''u'''ture'' (but shorter)
 |-
 ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Checked and free vowels|Free vowels]]{{ref|11|11}}
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|aː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''aa'''p}} || ''c'''ar''''' ([[ஆஸ்திரேலிய ஆங்கிலம்|Australian]]/[[New Zealand English|New Zealand]])
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|eː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|b'''ee'''t, '''e'''zel}}{{ref|12|12}} || ''m'''a'''de''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|d'''ie'''p}} || ''d'''ee'''p''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|oː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|b'''oo'''t}}{{ref|12|12}} || roughly like ''b'''o'''ne'' or [[பிரித்தானிய ஆங்கிலம்]] ''b'''or'''n''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|y}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|f'''uu'''t}} || roughly like ''c'''u'''te''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|øː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|n'''eu'''s}}{{ref|12|12}} || roughly like ''f'''ur'''ze''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|h'''oe'''d}} || ''b'''oo'''t''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ɛi}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|b'''ij'''t, '''ei'''}}{{ref|13|13}} || ''m'''ay'''''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|œy}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|b'''ui'''t}}{{ref|13|13}} || ''h'''ou'''se'' ([[Scottish English]])
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ʌu}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|j'''ou''', d'''auw'''}}{{ref|13|13}} || '''''ou'''t''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ɑi}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|'''ai'''}} || ''pr'''i'''ce''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ɔi}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|h'''oi'''}} || ''ch'''oi'''ce''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|iu}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|n'''ieuw'''}} || ''fr'''ee w'''ill''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|yu}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|d'''uw'''}} || ''f'''ew w'''ould''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ui}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|gr'''oei'''}} || ''t'''o e'''ternity''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|aːi}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|dr'''aai'''}} || ''pr'''i'''ze''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|eːu}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|sn'''eeuw'''}} || ''s'''ay oo'''''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|oːi}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|n'''ooi'''t}} || ''b'''oy'''s''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ə}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|hem'''e'''l}} || '''''a'''gain''
 |-
 ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Marginal vowels
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 |{{lang|nl|r'''o'''ze}}{{ref|14|14}} {{ref|15|15}} || ''r'''aw'''''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|sc'''è'''ne}}{{ref|16|16}} || ''squ'''are''''' ([[பிரித்தானிய ஆங்கிலம்]])
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|œː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|fr'''eu'''le}}{{ref|14|14}} || roughly like ''f'''ur''''' ([[பிரித்தானிய ஆங்கிலம்]])
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|iː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|anal'''y'''se}}{{ref|14|14}} || ''wh'''ee'''ze''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|yː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|centrif'''u'''ge}}{{ref|14|14}} || roughly like ''f'''u'''gue''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ɑ̃ː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|g'''en'''re}}{{ref|14|14}} || roughly like ''croiss'''an'''t''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ɛ̃ː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|haut'''ain'''}}{{ref|14|14}} || roughly like ''doy'''en'''''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ɔ̃ː}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|chans'''on'''}}{{ref|14|14}} || roughly like ''m'''on'''tage''
 |-
 | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|æ}}&lt;/big&gt;
 | {{lang|nl|sl'''a'''sh}}{{ref|14|14}} {{ref|17|17}} || ''sl'''a'''sh''
 |-
 |}
 |}
 
 ==Notes==
 :{{note|1|1}} The [[palatal stop|alveolo-palatal stop]] {{IPA|c}} and [[palatal nasal|nasal]] {{IPA|ɲ}} are allophones of the sequences {{IPA|/tj/}} and {{IPA|/nj/}}. Some speakers pronounce {{IPA|[c]}} the same as {{IPA|[tʃ]}}.
 :{{note|2|2}} Generally, the southern varieties preserve the {{IPA|/f/}}–{{IPA|/v/}}, {{IPA|/x/}}–{{IPA|/ɣ/}} and {{IPA|/s/}}–{{IPA|/z/}} contrasts.&lt;ref name=&quot;gus74&quot;&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Gussenhoven|1999|p=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cm48&quot;&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|p=48}}&lt;/ref&gt; Southern {{IPA|/x/}}, {{IPA|/ɣ/}} may be also somewhat more front, i.e. post-palatal.&lt;ref name=&quot;cm48&quot;/&gt; In the north, these are far less stable: most speakers merge {{IPA|/x/}} and {{IPA|/ɣ/}} into a post-velar {{IPA|[x̠]}} or uvular {{IPAblink|χ}};&lt;ref name=&quot;gus74&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cm48&quot;/&gt; most Netherlandic Standard Dutch speakers lack a consistent {{IPA|/f/}}–{{IPA|/v/}} contrast.&lt;ref name=&quot;cm48&quot;/&gt; In some accents, e.g. Amsterdam, {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} are also not distinguished.&lt;ref name=&quot;cm48&quot;/&gt; {{IPA|/ʒ/}} often joins this neutralization by merging with {{IPA|/ʃ/}}. In some accents, {{IPAslink|ɦ}} is also devoiced to {{IPAblink|h}}. See also [[Hard and soft G in Dutch]].
 :{{note|3|3}} Dutch [[Final-obstruent devoicing|devoices]] all obstruents at the ends of words (e.g. a final {{IPA|/d/}} becomes {{IPAblink|t}}). This is partly reflected in the spelling: the voiced ‹z› in plural ''hui'''z'''en'' ('houses') becomes ''hui'''s''''' ('house') in singular, and ''dui'''v'''en'' ('doves') becomes ''dui'''f''''' ('dove'). The other cases are always written with the voiced consonant, even though a devoiced one is actually pronounced: the voiced ‹d› in plural ''baar'''d'''en'' {{IPA|[ˈbaːrdə(n)]}} ('beards') is retained in the singular spelling ''baar'''d''''' ('beard'), but pronounced as {{IPA|[baːrt]}}; and plural ''ri'''bb'''en'' {{IPA|[ˈrɪbə(n)]}} ('ribs') has singular ''ri'''b''''', pronounced as {{IPA|[rɪp]}}.  Because of assimilation, often the initial consonant of the next word is also devoiced, e.g. ''het vee'' ('the cattle') is {{IPA|[ɦət ˈfeː]}}
 :{{note|4|4}} The final ‹n› of the plural ending -''en'' is usually not pronounced, except in the North East (Low Saxon) and the South West (East and West Flemish) where the ending becomes a syllabic {{IPA|[n̩]}} sound.
 :{{note|5|5}} The realization of the {{IPA|/r/}} phoneme varies considerably from dialect to dialect. In &quot;standard&quot; Dutch, {{IPA|/r/}} is realized as the [[alveolar trill]] {{IPA|r}} or as a [[uvular trill]] {{IPA|ʀ}}. In some dialects, it is realized as an [[alveolar flap]] {{IPA|ɾ}} or even as an [[alveolar approximant]] {{IPA|ɹ}}.
 :{{note|6|6}} The realization of the {{IPA|/ʋ/}} phoneme varies considerably from the Northern to the Southern and Belgium dialects of the Dutch language. In the north of the Netherlands, it is a [[labiodental approximant]] {{IPA|ʋ}}. In the south of the Netherlands and in Belgium, it is pronounced as a [[voiced bilabial fricative|bilabial approximant]] {{IPA|β̞}} (as it also is in the Hasselt and Maastricht dialects), and Standard Belgian Dutch uses the [[labiovelar approximant]] {{IPA|w}}.
 :{{note|7|7}} The [[glottal stop]] {{IPA|ʔ}} is not a separate phoneme in Dutch, but is inserted before vowel-initial syllables within words and often also at the beginning of a word.
 :{{note|8|8}} {{IPAslink|ɡ}} is not a native phoneme of Dutch and only occurs in loanwords, like ''goal'' or when {{IPA|/k/}} is voiced, like in ''zakdoek'' {{IPA|[ˈzɑɡduk]}}.
 :{{note|9|9}} {{IPAslink|ʃ}} and {{IPAslink|ʒ}} are not native phonemes of Dutch, and usually occur in borrowed words, like ''show'' and ''bagage'' ('baggage'). Even then, they are usually realized as {{IPA|[sʲ]}} and {{IPA|[zʲ]}}, respectively. However, {{IPA|/s/}} + {{IPA|/j/}} sequences in Dutch are often realized as {{IPA|[sʲ]}}, like in the word ''huisje'' ('little house'). In dialects that merge {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}}, {{IPA|[zʲ]}} is often realized as {{IPA|[sʲ]}}.
 :{{note|10|10}} When the penultimate syllable is open, stress may fall on any of the last three syllables. When the penultimate syllable is closed, stress falls on either of the last two syllables. While stress is phonemic, minimal pairs are rare. For example ''vóórkomen'' {{IPA|/ˈvoːrkoːmə(n)/}} &quot;to occur&quot; and ''voorkómen'' {{IPA|/voːrˈkoːmə(n)/}} &quot;to prevent&quot;. In composite words, secondary stress is often present. Marking the stress in written Dutch is optional, never obligatory, but sometimes recommended.
 :{{note|11|11}} The &quot;checked&quot; vowels {{IPAslink|ɑ}}, {{IPAslink|ɛ}}, {{IPAslink|ɪ}}, {{IPAslink|ɔ}}, and {{IPAslink|ʏ}} occur only in [[அசை (ஒலியியல்)#Open and closed|closed syllables]], while their &quot;free&quot; counterparts {{IPAslink|ä|aː}}, {{IPAslink|eː}}, {{IPAslink|i}}, {{IPAslink|oː}}, and {{IPAslink|y}} can occur in open syllables (as can the other vowels). These two sets also go by the names ''dull/sharp'', ''dim/clear'', ''[[Tenseness|lax/tense]]'', ''closed/open'', or ''[[Vowel length|short/long]]''. One of each pair is pronounced slightly longer by many speakers, so the terms ''long'' and ''short'' traditionally used to explain the [[Dutch orthography#Double vowels or consonants|use of doubled consonants and vowels]] in the orthographic system. Differences in vowel length tend to be bigger in southern dialects; in extreme cases, when lax vowels become as tense as the tense vowels, the vowel length is the only difference between them.
 :{{note|12|12}} For most speakers of Netherlandic Standard Dutch, the long close-mid vowels {{IPAslink|eː}}, {{IPAslink|øː}} and {{IPAslink|oː}} are realised as slightly closing diphthongs {{IPA|eɪ}}, {{IPA|[øʏ]}} and {{IPA|oʊ}}, unless they precede {{IPA|/r/}} within the same syllable.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Gussenhoven|1999|p=76}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=133–134}}&lt;/ref&gt; The closing diphthongs also appear in certain Belgian dialects, e.g. the one of [[Bruges]], but not in Belgian Standard Dutch. See [[Dutch phonology#Monophthongs]] for more details.
 :{{note|13|13}} The exact quality of diphthongs varies; Netherlandic Standard Dutch has somewhat more open (in case of {{IPA|/ʌu/}} and often {{IPA|/œy/}} also unrounded) first elements: {{IPA|[æi]}}, {{IPA|[ɐy]}}, {{IPA|[ɑu]}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|p=135}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Rietveld|Van Heuven|2009|p=70}}. Authors state that &quot;in most northern areas, {{IPA|/œy/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[ʌ̈y̯]}}.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; In Belgian Standard Dutch, they begin in the open-mid region, and the last diphthong has a rounded first element: {{IPA|[ɛi]}}, {{IPA|[œy]}}, {{IPA|[ɔu]}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=135–136}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Belgium, the onset of {{IPA|/œy/}} can also be unrounded to {{IPA|[ɐy]}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;cm136&quot;&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|p=136}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some non-standard dialects (e.g. many southern dialects) realise these diphthongs as either narrow diphthongs or (as in The Hague dialect) long monophthongs.&lt;ref name=&quot;cm136&quot;/&gt; See {{section link|Dutch phonology|Diphthongs}} for more details.
 :{{note|14|14}} Found in loanwords.
 :{{note|15|15}} In Belgium, {{IPA|/ɔː/}} tends to be pronounced the same as {{IPA|/oː/}}.
 :{{note|16|16}} Mainly found in loanwords.
 :{{note|17|17}} {{IPA|/æ/}} is pronounced the same as {{IPA|/ɛ/}} by many speakers.
 
 ==References==
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 |issue=2
 |pages=243–247
 |doi=10.1017/S0025100305002173
 }}
 {{refend}}
 
 ==External links==
 http://www.woorden.org/
 
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