மகளிர் பயில்வுகள்
'''மகளிர் பயில்வுகள்''' ''(Women's studies)''  பெண்ணியம் சார்ந்த பலதுறைக் கல்விப் புலமாகும். இப்பயில்வில் பெண்களின் வாழ்க்கையும் பட்டறிவுகளும் மையப்படுத்தப் படுகின்றன. இப்பயில்வு சமூகப் புனைவாகப் பெண் பாலினத்தையும் பெண் முன்னுரிமை, ஒடுக்குமுறை சார்ந்த அமைப்புகளையும் பாலினத்துக்கும் அதிகாரத்துக்குமான உறவையும் ஆய்வு செய்கிறது;  மேலும், பெண் பாலினத்துக்கும் பிற சமூக அடையாளங்கள் ஆகிய [[இனம்]], பாலினச் சார்புநிலை, சமூகப் பொருளியல் வகுப்பு, ஊனம் ஆகியவற்ருக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகளையும் ஆய்கிறது.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Women's voices, feminist visions: classic and contemporary readings|last1=Shaw|first1=Susan M. |last2=Lee|first2=Janet|isbn=978-0078027000|edition=Sixth|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York, NY|oclc=862041473|date=2014-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 மிகவும் அறிந்த மகளிர் பயில்வுகள் புலம் சார்ந்த கருத்தினங்களாக  [[பெண்ணியக் கோட்பாடு]],அதிகார நடப்புநிலைக் கோட்பாடு, பிரிவிடை ஊடுறவு, பலபண்பாட்டியம், உலகமயப் பெண்னியம், சமூக நீதி]], தாக்கப்பயில்வுகள் முகவாண்மை, உயிரியல்சார் அரசியல், பொருள்முதலியம், ஆகியன அமைகின்றன.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory|year=2018|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0190872823|oclc=1002116432}}&lt;/ref&gt; மகளிர் பயில்வுகள் புலம் சார்ந்த ஆய்வு நடைமுறைகளாகவும் முறையியல்களாகவும் இனவிளக்கவியல், , குவிநிலைக் குழுக்கள், கள ஆய்வுகள்,  குமுகாய ஆராய்ச்சி, உரையாடல் பகுப்பாய்வு,  உய்யநிலைக் கோட்பாடு சார்ந்த வாசிப்பு நடைமுறைகள், பின்னைக் கட்டமைப்பியல், [[விதிர்நிலைக் கோட்பாடு]] ஆகியன அமைகின்றன.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Feminist research practice: a primer|last=Hesse-Biber|first=Sharlene Nagy|isbn=9781412994972|edition=Second|publisher=SAGE Publications|location=Thousand Oaks, CA|oclc=838201827|date=2013-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;  இப்புலம் பாலினம் சார்ந்த பல்வேறு வரன்முறைகள், [[இனம்]], சமூகப் பொருளியல் வகுப்பு, மாந்தப் பாலுணர்வு, பிற சமூகச் சமனின்மைகள் ஆகியவற்றைப் பற்றி ஆய்ந்து கருத்துரைக்கிறது.
 
 மகளிர் பயில்வுகள்புலம்  [[பாலினப் பயில்வுகள்]], பெண்ணியப் பயில்வுகள், பாலுணர்வுப் பயில்வுகள், பண்பாட்டுப் பயில்வுகள், இனக்குழுப் பயில்வுகள்,  ஆகிய புலங்களோடு தொடர்பு கொண்டதாகும்.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Women's studies on its own: a next wave reader in institutional change|date=2002|publisher=Duke University Press|last=Wiegman|first=Robyn|isbn=9780822329862|location=Durham|oclc=49421587|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822329862}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 மகளிர் பயில்வுகளில் 1977 ஆம் ஆண்டில் 276  தேசியவாரித் திட்டங்கள் அமைந்தன; இவை 1989 ஆம் ஆண்டில் 530 திட்டங்களாக வளர்ந்தன.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=December 2007|title=A National Census of Women’s Studies Programs|url=https://www.nwsa.org/Files/Resources/NWSA_CensusonWSProgs.pdf|journal=NORC Project|volume=|pages=25|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; இன்று அமெரிக்காவிலும் மற்ற நாற்பது உலக நாடுகளிலும் மகளிர் பயில்வுகள் புலம் 700 அளவுக்கும் மேற்பட்ட நிறுவனங்களில் கற்பிக்கப்படுகிறது Women's studies courses are now offered in over seven hundred institutions in the United States, and globally in more than forty countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Transforming Scholarship: Why Women's and Gender Studies Students Are Changing Themselves and the World|url=https://archive.org/details/transformingscho0002berg|last=Berger|first=Michele Tracy|last2=Radeloff|first2=Cheryl|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=978-0-415-83653-1|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/transformingscho0002berg/page/7 7]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 == வரலாறு ==
  
 
 == மேலும் காண்க ==
 * [[பாலினப் பயில்வுகள்]]
 * [[ஆடவர் பயில்வுகள்]]
 * [[பெண்களின் வரலாறு]]
 
 ==மேற்கோள்கள்==
 {{reflist|30em}}
 
 ==நூல்தொகை==
 * Borland, K. (1991). That's not what I said: Interpretive conflict in oral narrative research. In Giuck, S. &amp; Patai, D. (Eds.), Women's Words: The Feminist Practice of Oral History (pp.&amp;nbsp;63–76). NY:  Routledge
 * Brooks, A. (2007). Feminist standpoint epistemology: Building knowledge and empowerment through women's lived experiences. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;53–82). CA: Sage Publications.
 * Brooks, A. &amp; Hesse-Biber, S.N. (2007). An invitation to feminist research. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;1–24). CA: Sage Publications.
 * Buch, E.D. &amp; Staller, K.M. (2007). The feminist practice of ethnography. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;187–221). CA: Sage Publications.
 * Dill, T.B &amp; Zambrana, R. (2009) Emerging Intersections: Race, Class and Gender in Theory, Policy and Practice. NJ: Rutgers University Press.
 * Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing the body: gender politics and the construction of sexuality. New York: Basic Books. {{ISBN|0-465-07714-5}}.
 * Halse, C. &amp; Honey, A. (2005). Unraveling ethics: Illuminating the moral dilemmas of research ethics. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30 (4), 2141–2162.
 * Harding, S. (1987). Introduction: Is there a feminist method? In Harding, S. (ed.), Feminism &amp; Methodology. (pp.&amp;nbsp;1–14). IN: Indiana University Press.
 * Hesse-Biber, S.N. (2007). The practice of feminist in-depth interviewing. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;111–148). CA: Sage Publications.
 * Hyam, M. (2004). Hearing girls' silences: Thoughts on the politics and practices of a feminist method of group discussion. Gender, Place, and Culture, 11 (1), 105–119.
 * Leavy, P.L. (2007a). Feminist postmodernism and poststructuralism. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;83–108). CA: Sage Publications.
 * Leavy, P.L. (2007b). The practice of feminist oral history and focus group interviews. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;149–186). CA: Sage Publications.
 * Leavy, P.L. (2007c). The feminist practice of content analysis. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;223–248). CA: Sage Publications.
 * Leckenby, D. (2007). Feminist empiricism: Challenging gender bias and “setting the record straight.” In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;27–52). CA: Sage Publications.
 * Lykes, M.B. &amp; Coquillon, E. (2006). Participatory and Action Research and feminisms: Towards Transformative Praxis. In Sharlene Hesse-Biber (Ed.). Handbook of Feminist Research: Theory and Praxis. CA: Sage Publications.
 * Miner-Rubino, K. &amp; Jayaratne, T.E. (2007). Feminist survey research. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. &amp; Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp.&amp;nbsp;293–325). CA: Sage Publications.
 
 == மேலும் படிக்க ==
 * Berkin, Carol R., Judith L. Pinch, and Carole S. Appel, ''Exploring Women's Studies: Looking Forward, Looking Back'', 2005, {{ISBN|0-13-185088-1}} {{oclc|57391427}}
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 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 *Davis, Angela Y. (2003). Are Prisons Obsolete?, Open Media (April 2003), {{ISBN|1-58322-581-1}}
 * {{cite book
 	|editor1-last=Davis
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 	|title=Handbook of Gender and Women's Studies
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 *Fausto-Sterling, Anne (1992). ''Myths of gender: biological theories about women and men''. New York: BasicBooks. {{ISBN|0-465-04792-0}}.
 *Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). ''Sexing the body: gender politics and the construction of sexuality''. New York: Basic Books. {{ISBN|0-465-07714-5}}.
 * Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2012). ''Sex/Gender: Biology in a Social World''. New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9780415881456}}.
 * {{Cite journal | last = Gardey | first = Delphine | title = 'Territory Trouble': Feminist Studies and (the Question of) Hospitality | journal = [[Differences (journal)|differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies]] | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 125–152 | doi = 10.1215/10407391-3621745 | date = September 2016 | ref = harv| url = https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:86893 }}
 * [[Inderpal Grewal|Grewal, Inderpal]] and Caren Kaplan, ''An Introduction to Women's Studies: Gender in a Transnational World'', {{ISBN|0-07-109380-X}} {{oclc|47161269}}
 * {{cite book
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 * Ginsberg, Alice E. ''The Evolution of American Women's Studies: Reflections on Triumphs, Controversies and Change'' (Palgrave Macmillan: 2009).  [http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/03/27/women Online interview with Ginsberg]
 * Griffin, Gabriele and [[Rosi Braidotti]] (eds.), ''Thinking Differently : A Reader in European Women's Studies'', London etc. : Zed Books, 2002 {{ISBN|1-84277-002-0}} {{oclc|49375751}}
 * Howe, Florence (ed.), ''The Politics of Women's Studies: Testimony from Thirty Founding Mothers'', Paperback edition, New York:  Feminist Press 2001, {{ISBN|1-55861-241-6}} {{oclc|44313456}}
 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 	|title=Women's Studies and Business Ethics: Toward a New Conversation
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 * Lederman, Muriel, and Ingrid Bartsch, eds. ''The Gender and Science Reader''. New York: Routledge, 2001. Print.
 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 	|oclc=31076831
 	|url=https://archive.org/details/womensstudiesgra0000lueb
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 * {{cite book
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 * Messer-Davidow, Ellen, ''Disciplining Feminism : From Social Activism to Academic Discourse'', Durham, NC etc. : Duke University Press, 2002 {{ISBN|0-8223-2829-1}} {{oclc|47705543}}
 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 * {{cite book
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 	|publisher=Peter Lang
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 	|isbn=978-0-8204-4443-7
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 * Schiebinger, Londa. ''Has Feminism Changed Science?''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999. Print. 
 * Ruth, Sheila, ''Issues In Feminism: An Introduction to Women's Studies'', 2000, {{ISBN|0-7674-1644-9}} {{oclc|43978372}}
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 * {{cite book
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 * Wiegman, Robyn (editor), ''Women's Studies on Its Own: A Next Wave Reader in Institutional Change'', Duke University Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0-8223-2950-6}} {{oclc|49421587}}
 * Orr, Catherine; Braithwaite, Ann; Lichtenstein, Diane (2012). ''Rethinking Women's and Gender Studies''. New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9780415808309}}
 
 == வெளி இணைப்புகள் ==
 * [http://www.smith.edu/swg/graduate.php Smith College List of Graduate Programs in Women's Studies and Gender Studies]
 * [http://libr.org/wss/WSSLinks/index.html WSSLinks: women's studies web links from the American Library Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722094427/http://libr.org/wss/wsslinks/index.html |date=2012-07-22 }}
 * [http://userpages.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/index.html Women's Studies web resources]
 * [http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/feminist_theory_and_criticism-_1.html Feminist Theory and Criticism 1. 1963–1972] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050909120143/http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/feminist_theory_and_criticism-_1.html |date=2005-09-09 }}
 * [http://cws.ut.ac.ir/ Center for Women's Studies of Tehran University, Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504013755/http://cws.ut.ac.ir/ |date=2017-05-04 }}
 * [http://www.glbthistory.org The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society]
 * Karen Lerhman, [https://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/1993/09/lehrman.html ''Off Course''], ''Mother Jones'', September 1993
 * [http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/ku.php?tab=web&amp;ID=84 Main focus &quot;Frauen- und Geschlechtergeschichte in Westfalen&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209100613/http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/ku.php?tab=web&amp;ID=84 |date=2012-12-09 }}
 * [http://userpages.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/programs.html#outside List of Women's Studies Programs around the World]
 * [http://userpages.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/programs.html List of Women's Studies Programs in the United States]
 * [http://www.focusintl.com/widnet.htm Women's Studies Resources from WIDNET: Women in Development Network]
 * [http://utarms.library.utoronto.ca/researchers/kay-armatage Kay Armatage's Archival papers are held at the University of Toronto Archives and Record Management Services] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404044809/http://utarms.library.utoronto.ca/researchers/kay-armatage |date=2017-04-04 }}