பெர்னார்டு உலோவெல்
{{Infobox scientist
 | name=பெர்னார்டு உலோவெல் &lt;br&gt; Sir Bernard Lovell
 |image=BernardLovell.jpg
 |honorific_prefix=சர்
 |honorific_suffix=[[OBE]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]
 |birth_name=ஆல்பிரெட் சார்லசு பெர்னார்டு உலோவெல்
 |birth_date={{birth date|1913|08|31|df=yes}}
 |birth_place=[[ஓல்டுலாந்து காமன்]], பிரிசுடோல்
 |death_date={{death date and age|2012|08|06|1913|08|31|df=yes}}
 |death_place=[[செழ்சயர்]]
 |fields=வானியல், இயற்பியல்
 |alma_mater=[[பிரிசுடோல் பல்கலைக்கழகம்]]
 |workplaces={{hlist|[[மான்செசுட்டர் பல்கலைக்கழகம்தொலைத்தொடர்பு ஆராய்ச்சி நிறுவனம்]]|[[யோத்ரெல் பாங்கு வான்காணகம்]]}}
 |awards={{hlist|[[அரசு பதக்கம்]]|[[அரசு வானியல் கழகப் பொற்பதக்கம்]]|[[காபர் பதக்கமும் பரிசும்]]|[[வீர இளவல்]]|[[பெஞ்சமின் பிராங்ளின் பதக்கம் (அரசு கலைக்கழகம்)|பெஞ்சமின் பிராங்ளின் பதக்கம்]]}}
 | known_for = {{Plainlist|
 * [[கதிர்வீச்சு வானியல்]]
 * [[யோத்ரெல் பாங்கு வான்காணகம்]]}}
   | thesis_title      =பொன்மப் (உலோகப்) படலங்களின் மின்கட்த்துமை
   | thesis_url        =http://www.theses.com
   | thesis_year       =1936
   | doctoral_advisor  =
   | doctoral_student  =
   | website           =
   }}
 
 '''சர் ஆல்பிரெடு சார்லசு பெர்னார்டு உலோவெல்''' ''(Sir Alfred Charles Bernard Lovell)'', [[OBE]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (31 ஆகத்து 1913 - 6 ஆகத்து 2012) ஓர் ஆங்கிலேய இயற்பியலாளரும் கதிர்வீச்சு வானியலாளரும் ஆவார். இவர் 1945 முதல் 1980 வரை யோத்ரெல் வான்காணக இயக்குநராக இருந்தார்.&lt;ref name=&quot;natureobit&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = F. G.| authorlink1 = Francis Graham-Smith | last2 = Davies | first2 = R. | last3 = Lyne | first3 = A. | authorlink3 = Andrew Lyne| doi = 10.1038/488592a | title = Bernard Lovell (1913–2012) | journal = Nature | volume = 488 | issue = 7413 | pages = 592 | year = 2012 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 2012Natur.488..592S }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | author = Anon| doi = 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48521.x | title = Sir Bernard Lovell at Jodrell Bank | journal = Astronomy &amp; Geophysics | volume = 48 | issue = 5 | pages = 5.21 | year = 2007 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 2007A&amp;G....48e..21. }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal 
 | last1 = Zijlstra | first1 = A. A. 
 | last2 = Davis | first2 = R. J. 
 | doi = 10.1126/science.1229080 
 | title = Sir Bernard Lovell (1913&amp;ndash;2012) 
 | journal = Science 
 | volume = 337 
 | issue = 6100 
 | pages = 1307 
 | year = 2012 
 | pmid = 22984062 
 | pmc = 
 |bibcode = 2012Sci...337.1307Z }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JBObit&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/news/2012/SirBernard/ |title=Sir Bernard Lovell &amp;#124; Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics |accessdate=2012-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Lovell.html | title=Lovell, Bernard (1913–) | publisher=[[Wolfram Research]] | accessdate=2006-11-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=rsbm&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Davies|first1=Rodney D.|authorlink1=Rod Davies|last2=Graham-Smith|first2=Francis|authorlink2=Francis Graham-Smith|last3=Lyne|first3=Andrew G.|authorlink3=Andrew Lyne|title=Sir Alfred Charles Bernard Lovell OBE. 31 August 1913 — 6 August 2012|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|year=2016|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2015.0026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 ==இளமையும் கல்வியும்==
 இவர் 1913 இல் பிரிசுடோலைச் சார்ந்த ஒல்டுலாந்து காமனில் பிறந்தார்.&lt;ref&gt;GRO Register of Births: DEC 1913 5c 885 KEYNSHAM – Alfred CB Lovell, mmn = Adams&lt;/ref&gt; இவரது பெற்றோர் கில்பெர்டு மற்றும் எமிலி உலோவெல் ஆவர்.&lt;ref name = NYTimes&gt;{{cite news | work = New York Times | title = Sir Bernard Lovell dies at 98; a radio telescope bears his name | author = Don R. Hecker | date = 8 August 2012 | accessdate = 8 August 2012 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/08/science/space/sir-bernard-lovell-dies-at-98-a-radio-telescope-bears-his-name.html?ref=science }}&lt;/ref&gt;  இவர் இளமையில் இசையிலும், குறிப்பாக பியானோவிலும் துடுப்பாட்டத்திலும் ஆர்வம் கொண்டிருந்தார். இவர் முறையாக கிங்சுவுட் இலக்கணப் பள்ளியில் கல்வி கற்றார்.&lt;ref name=rsbm/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;School days&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.webofstories.com/play/17785 | title=Bernard Lovell: 2 – Secondary school &amp; the lecture that changed my life | publisher=[[Web of Stories]] | date=5 September 2008 | accessdate=8 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 ===தேர்ந்தெடுத்த வெளியீடுகள்===
 {{colbegin||35em}}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | title = Electrical Conductivity of Thin Films of Rubidium on Glass Surfaces | doi = 10.1038/137493b0 | journal = Nature | volume = 137 | issue = 3464 | pages = 493 | year = 1936 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1936Natur.137..493L }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Jánossy | first1 = L. | last2 = Lovell | first2 = A. C. B. | authorlink2 = Bernard Lovell | doi = 10.1038/142716a0 | title = Nature of Extensive Cosmic Ray Showers | journal = Nature | volume = 142 | issue = 3598 | pages = 716 | year = 1938 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1938Natur.142..716J }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | last2 = Wilson | first2 = J. G. | doi = 10.1038/144863a0 | title = Investigation of Cosmic Ray Showers of Atmospheric Origin, using Two Cloud Chambers | journal = Nature | volume = 144 | issue = 3655 | pages = 863 | year = 1939 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1939Natur.144..863L }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | last2 = Banwell | first2 = C. J. | doi = 10.1038/158517a0 | title = Abnormal Solar Radiation on 72 Megacycles | journal = Nature | volume = 158 | issue = 4015 | pages = 517 | year = 1946 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1946Natur.158..517L }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | last2 = Clegg | first2 = J. A. | last3 = Ellyett | first3 = C. D. | doi = 10.1038/160372a0 | title = Radio Echoes from the Aurora Borealis | journal = Nature | volume = 160 | issue = 4063 | pages = 372 | year = 1947 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1947Natur.160..372L }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | title = Meteors, Comets and Meteoric Ionization | doi = 10.1038/160076a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 160 | issue = 4055 | pages = 76 | year = 1947 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1947Natur.160...76L }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | title = Electron Density in Meteor Trails | doi = 10.1038/160670b0 | journal = Nature | volume = 160 | issue = 4072 | pages = 670 | year = 1947 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1947Natur.160..670L }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | title = Combined Radar, Photographic and Visual Observations of the Perseid Meteor Shower of 1947 | doi = 10.1038/161280a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 161 | issue = 4086 | pages = 280 | year = 1948 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1948Natur.161..280L }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Little | first1 = C. G. | last2 = Lovell | first2 = A. C. B. | authorlink2 = Bernard Lovell | doi = 10.1038/165423a0 | title = Origin of the Fluctuations in the Intensity of Radio Waves from Galactic Sources: Jodrell Bank Observations | journal = Nature | volume = 165 | issue = 4194 | pages = 423 | year = 1950 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1950Natur.165..423L }}
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | title = The New Science of Radio Astronomy | doi = 10.1038/167094a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 167 | issue = 4238 | pages = 94 | year = 1951 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1951Natur.167...94L }}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Radio astronomy | url=https://archive.org/details/radioastronomy0000bern | date=1952 | publisher=Chapman &amp; Hall}} &lt;!-- ASIN B0000CI5QS --&gt;
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0153-17 | title = Radio Stars | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1953-01_188_1/page/17 | journal = Scientific American | volume = 188 | pages = 17 | year = 1953 | pmid =  | pmc = }}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Meteor astronomy (International series of monographs on physics) | publisher=Clarendon P | date=1954}} &lt;!-- ASIN B0000CJ1JS --&gt;
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell | title = The Jodrell Bank Radio Telescope | doi = 10.1038/180060a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 180 | issue = 4576 | pages = 60 | year = 1957 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1957Natur.180...60L }}
 *Lovell, Bernard (1958) '' The Individual and the Universe'' BBC [[List of Reith Lectures|Reith Lectures]]&lt;ref name=&quot;reithlectures&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00h9ld8 |title=BBC Radio 4 – The Reith Lectures, Bernard Lovell: The Individual and the Universe: 1958 |accessdate=2012-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 *{{cite journal
 |first1=J. G.
 |last1=Davies
 |first2=A. C. B.
 |last2=Lovell
 |doi=10.1038/184501a0
 |date=15 August 1959
 |publisher=[[Nature Publishing Group]]
 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 |issn=1476-4687
 |oclc=01586310
 |bibcode=1959Natur.184..501D
 |title=Observations of the Russian Moon Rocket: Lunik II
 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1959-08-15_184_4685/page/501
 |volume=184
 |issue=4685
 |pages=501–2
 }}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=The Individual and the Universe | publisher=[[ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம்]] | date=1959 |asin=B0000CK81E |isbn=0-19-286001-1 |bibcode=1959iaun.book.....L}}
 *{{cite journal
 |journal=Nature
 |first1=A. C. B.
 |last1=Lovell
 |title=Investigation of the Universe by Radio Astronomy
 |doi=10.1038/188013a0
 |bibcode=1960Natur.188...13L
 |date=1960
 |volume=188
 |issue=4744
 |pages=13–14
 }}
 *{{cite journal
 |journal=The Observatory
 |first1=A. C. B.
 |last1=Lovell
 |title=The exploration of outer space
 |bibcode=1960Obs....80...64L
 |date=1960
 |volume=80
 |pages=64–72
 }}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=The exploration of outer space | url=https://archive.org/details/explorationofout0000love | date=1962 | publisher=Oxford University Press | id={{ISBN|0-19-217618-8}} (hardcover)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Exploration of Space by Radio | date=1962 | publisher=Chap. &amp; H | id={{ISBN|0-412-06020-5}} (hardcover)}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | author= Anon| doi = 10.1002/j.1477-8696.1958.tb02406.x | title = Books reviewed: The Exploration of Space by Radio. By R. Hanbury Brown and A. C. B. Lovell Farming Weather By L. P. Smith. The Threshold of Space. Ed. M. Zelikoff| journal = Weather | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | pages = 317–318 | year = 1958 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1958Wthr...13..317. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 *{{cite journal
 |first1=A. C. B.
 |last1=Lovell
 |doi=10.1038/197216a0
 |journal=Nature
 |title=Compton lectures on the universe
 |date=1963
 |bibcode=1963Natur.197..216L
 |volume=197
 |number=4864
 |pages=216–216
 }}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Discovering the universe | url=https://archive.org/details/discoveringunive0000love | date=1963 | publisher=Benn |bibcode=1963dtun.book.....L}} &lt;!--ASIN B0000CLXD7--&gt;
 *{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = A. C. B. | last2 = Whipple | first2 = F. L. | last3 = Solomon | first3 = L. H. | doi = 10.1038/2011013a0 | title = Observation of a Solar Type Radio Burst from a Flare Star | journal = Nature | volume = 201 | issue = 4923 | pages = 1013 | year = 1964 | pmid =  | pmc = |bibcode = 1964Natur.201.1013L }}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | first2=T. | last2=Margerison (editor) | title=Explosion of Science: Physical Universe | date=1967 | publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson Ltd | id={{ISBN|0-500-01038-2}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Our Present Knowledge of the Universe | url=https://archive.org/details/ourpresentknowle0000sirb | date=1967 | publisher=Manchester University Press | id={{ISBN|0-7190-0314-8}} (hardback) {{ISBN|0-7190-0313-X}} (paperback)}} &lt;!-- also ASIN B0000CNKAA --&gt;
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=The explosion of science: The physical universe | date=1967 | publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson}} &lt;!-- ASIN B0000CNE6L --&gt;
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Story of Jodrell Bank | date=1968 | publisher=Oxford University Press | id={{ISBN|0-19-217619-6}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | editor=Lovell, Bernard | title=Royal Institution Library of Science: Discourses, 1851–1939: Astronomy | date=1970 | publisher=Elsevier | id = {{ISBN|0-444-20102-5}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=The Origins and International Economics of Space Exploration | url=https://archive.org/details/originsinternati0000love | publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons | date=1973 | id={{ISBN|0-85224-256-5}} (hardback) {{ISBN|0-470-54851-7}}}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Out of the Zenith: Jodrell Bank, 1957–70 | url=https://archive.org/details/outofzenithjodre0000love | date=1973 | publisher=Oxford University Press | id={{ISBN|0-19-217624-2}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Man's Relation to the Universe | url=https://archive.org/details/mansrelationtoun00sirb | date=1975 | publisher=W.H.Freeman &amp; Co Ltd | id={{ISBN|0-7167-0356-4}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=P.M.S.Blackett: A Biographical Memoir | date=1976 | publisher=The Royal Society | id={{ISBN|0-85403-077-8}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=In the Centre of Immensities | date=1979 | publisher=Hutchinson | id={{ISBN|0-09-136780-8}} (hardback) {{ISBN|0-586-08362-6}} (paperback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Emerging Cosmology: Convergence | publisher=Greenwood Press | date=1980 | id={{ISBN|1-58348-113-3}} (paperback reprint) {{ISBN|0-03-001009-8}} (paperback) {{ISBN|0-275-91790-8}} (paperback) {{ISBN|0-448-15517-6}} (hardback) {{ISBN|0-231-05304-5}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=The Jodrell Bank Telescopes | url=https://archive.org/details/jodrellbankteles0000love | date=1985 | publisher=Oxford University Press | id={{ISBN|0-19-858178-5}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Voice of the Universe: Building the Jodrell Bank Telescope | date=1987 | publisher=Greenwood Press | id={{ISBN|0-275-92678-8}} (hardback) {{ISBN|0-275-92679-6}} (paperback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell |author2=Francis Graham-Smith  | title=Pathways to the Universe | url=https://archive.org/details/pathwaystouniver0000grah_x6i7 | date=1988 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | id = {{ISBN|0-521-32004-6}} (hardcover)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Astronomer by Chance | url=https://archive.org/details/astronomerbychan0000love | publisher=[[Basic Books]] | date=1990 | id={{ISBN|0-465-00512-8}} (hardback) {{ISBN|0-19-282949-1}} (paperback) {{ISBN|0-333-55195-8}} (hardback reprint)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell | title=Echoes of War: The Story of [[H2S radar|H2S Radar]] | publisher=Adam Hilger | date=1991 | id={{ISBN|0-85274-317-3}} (hardback)}}
 * {{cite book | first=Bernard | last=Lovell |author2=Guy Hartcup  | title=The Effect of Science on the Second World War | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | date=2000 | id={{ISBN|0-333-67061-2}} (hardback) {{ISBN|1-4039-0643-2}} (paperback)}}
 {{colend}}
 ==சொந்த வாழ்க்கை==
 இவர் 1937 இல் மேரி ஜாய்சு செசிட்ர்மனை மணந்துகொண்டார். இவர்களுக்கு இரண்டு மகன்களும் மூன்று மகள்களும் உண்டு.&lt;ref name=rsbm/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U24983|title=LOVELL, Sir Alfred Charles Bernard, Who Was Who|publisher=A &amp; C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn|date=April 2014|accessdate=17 Nov 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 இவர் மிகவும் ஒல்லியானவர். எப்போதும் ஓய்வாக ஆங்கிலேய ஊரகத்தில் வாழ்ந்தார். இவரைச் சுற்றி இசையும் நூல்களும் சூழ்ந்திருக்கும். இவரே பல பத்தாண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு நட்டு வளர்த்த இளமரங்கள் செறிந்த தோட்டத்தில் உலவுவார்.
 
 இவர் 2012 ஆகத்து 6 இல் தன் செழ்சயர் வீட்டில் இறந்தார்.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19164236 |title=BBC News – Astronomer Sir Bernard Lovell dies |publisher=BBC |date=7 August 2012|accessdate=9 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/news/2012/SirBernard/ Sir Bernard Lovell], University of Manchester, 7 August 2012&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 == வீருதுகளும் தகைமைகளும்==
 இவர் பல வீருதுகளையும் தகைமைகளையும் பெற்றவர்:
 {{colbegin||35em}}
 * 1946 – [[Order of the British Empire|பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு ஆணை அலுவலர்]] (OBE)
 *[[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1955|1955 – அரசு கழக உறுப்பினாராகத் தேர்வு]]&lt;ref name=rsbm/&gt;
 * 1960 – [[அரசு பதக்கம்]]
 * 1961 – [[வீர இளவல்]]
 * 1967 – தகைமை முதுமுனைவர் பட்டம், [[பாத் பல்கலைக்கழகம்]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/older.html Honorary Graduates 1966 to 1988 | University of Bath] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525041553/http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/older.html |date=2016-05-25 }}. Bath.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.&lt;/ref&gt;
 * 1969 – எடின்பர்கு வானியல் கழக உலோரிமெர் பதக்கம்
 * 1969–71 – [[அரசு வானியல் கழகத் தலைவர்]]
 * 1980 – [[Benjamin Franklin Medal (Royal Society of Arts)|பெஞ்சமின் பிராங்ளின் பதக்கம்]]
 * 1981 – [[அரசு வானியல் கழகப் பொற்பதக்கம்]]
 {{colend}}
 
 ==மேற்கோள்கள்==
 {{Reflist|30em}}
 
 [[பகுப்பு:1913 பிறப்புகள்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:ஆங்கிலேய வானியலாளர்கள்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:ஆங்கிலேய இயற்பியலாளர்கள்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:கதிர்வீச்சு வானியலாளர்கள்]]