20 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டுக்கு முந்தைய பெண் அறிவியலாளர்களின் பட்டியல்
{{தமிழாக்கம்}}
 இது அறிவியலில் பணிபுரியும் பெண்கள் அரிதாக இருந்ததாக நம்பப்படும் காலப்பகுதியைக் கையாளும் நோக்கில் ஒரு ''வரலாற்று'' பட்டியல் ஆகும். இந்த காரணத்திற்காக இந்த பட்டியல் 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டுடன் முடிவடைகிறது.
 
 == பழங்காலம். ==
 [[படிமம்:Aspasie_Pio-Clementino_Inv272.jpg|thumb|வத்திக்கான் அருங்காட்சியகத்தில் உள்ள பளிங்கு கூம்பின் அடிப்பகுதியில் அசுபாசியாவின் பெயர் பொறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. 1777 இல் கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்ட இந்த பளிங்குச் சிலை கிமு 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் முதல்  உரோமானிய நகல் மற்றும் அசுபாசியாவின் [[இறுதிச் சடங்கு|இறுதிச் சடங்]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;கை உருவகப்படுத்தலாம்.]]
 [[படிமம்:Hypatia,_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg|thumb|ஜூலியா கேமரூன் வரைந்த கைப்பேசியா]]
 
 * கார்கி வச்சக்வனி (கிமு 7 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு ), இந்திய மெய்யியலாளர்r
 * அபிரோதெலியா (கிமு 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), பண்டைய கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர்
 * Aemilia  ( அண். கிபி 300–கிபி363), கால்லோரோமானிய மருத்துவர்
 * Aesara of Lucania (கிமு 4 ஆம், 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), பண்டைய கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர்
 * Agamede (கிமு 12 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு ), பண்டைய கிரேக்க மருத்துவர்( தொன்மவியல்)
 * [[அகலாவோனைசு|Aglaonike]] (கிமு 2 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), பண்டைய கிரேக்க முதல் பெண் வானியலாளர்
 * Agnodike (கிமு 4ஆஅம் நூற்றாண்டு), முதல் சட்டவியலான பெண் மருத்துவர், ஏதன்சு &lt;ref name=&quot;Yount&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Yount|2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|2}}
 * [[Andromache (physician)|Andromache]] (6 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு இடையில்),  எகுபதிய மருத்துவர்{{Rp|39}}
 * Anyte (300 BCE),கிரேக்க மருத்துவர், கவிஞர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|40}}
 * Arete of Cyrene (கிமு 5 ஆம், 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க இயற்கை, அற மெய்யியலாளர்
 * Artemisia of Caria ( கிமு 300 அண். ),தாவரவியலாளர்
 * Asclepigenia (4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), Greek Neoplatonist&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|55}}
 * [[அசுபாசியா|Aspasia]] (கிமு 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), மெய்யியலாளர் அறிவியலாளர்
 * Aspasia the Physician (கிபி முதல் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க மருத்துவர்
 * Axiothea of Phlius ( கிமு 350 அண்.), கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|62}}
 * [[Aurelia Alexandria Zosime]], பண்டைய உரோமானிய மருத்துவர் 
 * [[Beronice (philosopher)|Beronice]] (கிபி 1 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), உரோமானிய மெய்யியலாளர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|118}}
 * Caerellia ( அண். கிமு 45 ), உரோமானிய  கல்வியியலாளர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|219}}
 * Chun Yuyan ( கிமு 1 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), சீன மகப்பேற்று மருத்துவர்
 * [[Clea (philosopher)|Clea]] (கிபி 1ஆம், 2ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), மெய்யியலாளர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|267}}
 * [[Cleachma]] (கிமு 5 ஆம்நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|267–68}}
 * Cleopatra the Alchemist (அண். 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), சசோப்போயெயியா  ''அல்லது'' &quot;தங்கம் செய்தல்&quot;  எனும் இரசவாத நூலை இயற்றியவர்&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogilvie&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Ogilvie|1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|99}}
 * Damo (கிமு 6ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க  இயல்மெய்யியலாளர்
 * Diotima of Mantinea (கிமு 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), பண்டைய கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர், அறிவியலாளர்
 * [[Eccello of Lucania]] (கிமு 5ஆம்  அல்லது 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க/ இத்தாலியக் கணிதவியலாளர், இயல்மெய்யியலாளர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|396}}
 * [[Echecratia the Philiasian]] (கிமு 5ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க/ இத்தாலியக் கணிதவியலாளர், இயல்மெய்யியலாளர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|397}}
 * Elephantis (கிமு 1 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க மருத்துவர்
 * [[என்கெடுவானா|Enheduanna]] (அண். கிமு2285–2250), சுமேரியயாக்காடிய வானியலாள்ர், கவிஞர்
 * Fabiola ( இறப்பு:கிபி 399), உரோமானிய மருத்துவர்
 * Fang (கிமு 1 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), சீன வேதியியலாளர்
 * [[Favilla (physician)|Favilla]] (கிபி 2ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு),  உரோமானிய மருத்துவர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|436}}
 * Gu Bao (4th century), சீன மருத்துவர்
 * [[கைப்பேசியா]] (கிபி 370–415), கணிதவியலாளர், வானியலாளர்,  எகுபதுEgypt&lt;ref name=&quot;Yount&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|137}}
 * Laïs ( அண். கிமு 1 ஆம்/2ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), செவிலியர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|735}}
 * [[Lais of Corinth (physician)|Lais of Corinth]],  பண்டைய கிரேக்க மருத்துவர்
 * Lastheneia of Mantinea (கிமு 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), பிளாட்டோ மாணவர்
 * Leontium (கிமு 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு),கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர்
 * Leoparda (கிபி 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு),  மகப்பேற்று மருத்துவர்
 * Macrina (கிபி 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க மருத்துவர், செவிலியர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|828}}
 * Marcella (கிபி 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு),  உரோமானிய நோயாற்றுநர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|841}}
 * Mary the Jewess (கிபி 1 ஆம்/2 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு),  இரசவாதி&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogilvie&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|128}}
 * Melissa (கிமு 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர்
 * Metrodora ( அண். கிபி 200–400), கிரேக்க நூலாசிரியர், மருத்துவர்
 * [[Minucia Asste]], பண்டைய உரோமானிய மருத்துவர் 
 * Myia (கிமு 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர்
 * Nicerata ( அண். கிபி 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), மருத்துவர், நோயாற்றுநர் 
 * [[Occello of Lucania]] (கிமு 4 ஆம்/5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு BCE), கிரேக்க இயல்மெய்யியலாளர், கணிதவியலாளர&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|957}}
 * Olympias of Thebes (கிமு 1 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்கச் செவிலியர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|962}}
 * Origenia (கிபி 2 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க நோயாற்றுநர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|965}}
 * Pao Ku Ko (கிபி 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), சீன வேதியியலாளர்aphnutia the Virgin (c. 300)  எகுதிய இரசவாதி&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|978}}
 * [[Paula (healer)|Paula]] (கிபி347–404),  உரோமானிய நோயாற்றுநர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|990}}
 * Perictione (கிமு 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க மெய்யியலாளர், பிளாட்டோவின் தாயார்
 * Panthea, பண்டைய கிரேக்க மருத்துவர், wife and colleague of Glycon
 * [[Philinna of Thessaly]], பண்டைய கிரேக்க மருத்துவர்
 * Peseshet, எகுபதிய மருத்துவர் (நான்காம் பேரரசு)
 * Pulcheria (கிபி 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), நோயாற்றுநர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|1059}}
 * Pythias of Assos (கிமு 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கடல்சார் விலங்கியலாளர்
 * Restituta (கிபி 1 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), பண்டைய உரோமானிய மருத்துவர்  
 * [[Salpe of Lesbos]], பண்டைய கிரேக்க மருத்துவர் 
 * Salpe (கிமு 1 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்கச் செவிலியர்
 * Sotira (கிமு 1 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), கிரேக்க மருத்துவர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|1217–18}}
 * Tapputi-Belatekallim  பாபிலோனிய வாசனையாளர் (கிமு 2000, First mentioned in a clay tablet dating to 2000 BCE), Babylonian perfumer, the first person in history recorded as using a chemical process
 * [[Terentia Prima|தெரென்சியா பிரைமா]], பண்டைய உரோமானிய மருத்துவர்
 * [[தியானோ]] (கிமு 6 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), மெய்யியலாளர், கணிதவியலாளர், மருத்துவர்
 * [[Saint Thelka|தேல்கா]],  ஈரானியர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|1278}}
 * தியோசெபையா (கிபி 4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), நோயாற்றுநர்&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|1278}}
 * யி ஜியா (கிமு 2 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு), சீன மருத்துவர்
 
 == இடைக்காலம் ==
 [[File:Herrad von landsberg.jpg|thumb| கெரார்டு,  இலாந்துசுபெர்த்து]]
 {{Div col}}
 
 * [[Abella]] (14th century), Italian physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;&gt;L. Whaley: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RiJ-DAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Margherita+da+Venosa+surgery&amp;pg=PA15 Women and the Practice of Medical Care in Early Modern Europe, 1400–1800]''&lt;/ref&gt;
 * [[Adelle of the Saracens]] (12th century), Italian physician
 * [[Adelmota of Carrara]] (14th century), Italian physician
 * [[Rufaida Al-Aslamia]] (7th century), Muslim nurse
 * [[Maesta Antonia]] (1386–1408), Florentine physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Ameline la Miresse]] (fl. 1313–1325), French physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Jeanne d'Ausshure]] (d. 1366), French surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Zulema L'Astròloga]] (1190-after 1229), Moorish astronomer
 * [[Brunetta de Siena]] (fl. 15th century), Italian-Jewish physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Hildegard of Bingen]] (1099–1179), German natural philosopher&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|126}}
 * [[Sibyl of Benevento]], Napolitan physician specializing in the plague buboes&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Gentile Budrioli]] (?-1498), Italian astrologer and herbalist
 * [[Constanza (surgeon)|Constanza]], Italian surgeon,&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard&quot; /&gt; mentioned in [[Pope Sixtus IV]] edict regarding physicians and surgeons.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zahm 1913&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Zahm|first=J.A.|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34912|title=Woman in Science|year=1913|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
 * [[Denice]] (fl. 1292), French barber-surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Demud]] (fl. ca. 13th century), German physician&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Ogilvie|first1=Marilyn|last2=Harvey|first2=Joy|title=The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science|date=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=0415920388|page=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ogil_0/page/346 346]|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ogil_0/page/346}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 * [[Dobrodeia of Kiev]]  ([[floruit|fl.]] 1122), Byzantine physician
 * [[Dorotea Bucca]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 1390), Italian professor of medicine&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Constance Calenda]] (15th century), Italian surgeon specializing in diseases of the eye&lt;ref name=&quot;Walsh&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Walsh|1911}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Howard|2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 * [[Virdimura of Catania]] (fl. 1376), Jewish-Sicilian physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Caterina of Florence]] (fl. 1400s), Florentine physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Jeanne de Cusey]] (fl. 1438), French barber-surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Antonia Daniello]] (fl. 1400), Florentine-Jewish physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt; 
 * [[Clarice di Durisio]] (15th century), Italian physician
 * [[Fava of Manosque]] (fl. 1322), French-Jewish physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Jacobina Félicie]] (fl. 1322), Italian physician
 * [[Francesca, muller de Berenguer Satorra]] (15th century), Catalan physician &lt;ref&gt;«[http://dbd.cat/fitxa_biografies.php?id=451 Diccionari Biogràfic de Dones: Francesca, muller de Berenguer Satorra]»&lt;/ref&gt;
 * [[Maria Gallicia]] (fl. 1309), licensed surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Bellayne Gallipapa]] (fl. 1380), Zaragoza, Spanish-Jewish physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Dolcich Gallipapa]] (fl. 1384), Leyda, Spanish-Jewish physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Na Pla Gallipapa]] (fl. 1387), Zaragoza, Spanish-Jewish physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Sarah de St Giles]] (fl. 1326), French-Jewish physician and medical teacher&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Alessandra Giliani]] (fl. 1318), Italian anatomist
 * [[Rebecca de Guarna]] (fl. 1200), Italian physician&lt;ref name=&quot;Walsh&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard&quot; /&gt;
 * [[Magistra Hersend]] (fl. 1249–1259), French surgeon
 * [[Maria Incarnata]], Italian surgeon,&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard&quot; /&gt; mentioned in [[Pope Sixtus IV]] edict regarding physicians and surgeons.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zahm 1913&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Isabiau la Mergesse]] (fl. 1292), French-Jewish physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Floreta La-Noga]] (fl. 1374), Aragonese physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Helvidis]] (fl. 1176), French physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Keng Hsien-Seng]] (10th century), Chinese chemist 
 * [[Li Shao Yun]] (11th century), Chinese chemist 
 * [[Stephanie de Lyon]] (fl. 1265), French physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Guillemette du Luys]]  (fl. 1479), French royal surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt; 
 * Thomasia de Mattio, Italian physician,&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard&quot; /&gt; mentioned in [[Pope Sixtus IV]] edict regarding physicians and surgeons.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zahm 1913&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Margherita di Napoli]] (late 14th century), Napolitan oculist active in Frankfurt-am-Main&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Mercuriade]] (14th century), Italian physician and surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;Walsh&quot; /&gt;
 * [[Gilette de Narbonne]] (fl. 1300), French physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Isabella da Ocre]], Napolitan surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Francisca da Romana]], Napolitan physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Dame Péronelle]] (1292–1319), French herbalist
 * [[Peretta Peronne]], also called Perretta Petone (fl. 1411), French surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * Lauretta Ponte da Saracena Calabria, Napolitan physician
 * [[Trota of Salerno]] (fl. 1090), Italian physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Marguerite Saluzzi]] (fl. 1460), Napolitan licensed herbalist physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Sara de Sancto Aegidio]] (fl. 1326), French physician
 * [[Juana Sarrovia]] (fl. 1384), Barcelona, Spanish physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Shen Yu Hsiu]] (15th century), Chinese chemist 
 * [[Sun Pu-Eh]] (12th century), Chinese chemist 
 * [[Raymunda da Taberna]], licensed Napolitan surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Théophanie]] (fl. 1291), French barber surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Trotta da Toya]] (f. 1307), Napolitan physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Polisena da Troya]] (fl. 1335), licensed Napolitan surgeon&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Margarita da Venosa]] (fl. 1333), licensed Napolitan surgeon,&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt; who studied at the [[University of Salerno]]&lt;ref name=Howard2&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Howard|first=Sethanne|date=2007|title=SCIENCE HAS NO GENDER: The History of Women in Science|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24536249|journal=Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences|volume=93|issue=1|pages=1–15|jstor=24536249 |issn=0043-0439}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was considered a noteworthy practitioner and counted [[Ladislaus of Naples|Ladislaus]], king of [[Naples]], as a patient.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zahm 1913&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Francisca di Vestis]] (fl. 1308), Napolian physician&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;
 * [[Zhang Xiaoniang]] (11th century), Chinese physician
 {{Div col end}}
 
 == 16ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு ==
 {{Div col}}
 [[File:Sophie Brahe portrait.jpg|thumb|சோபி பிராகி ஓவியம்]]
 
 * [[Maria Andreae]] (1550–1632), German pharmacist
 * [[Marie de Brimeu]] (1550–1605), Flemish botanist
 * [[Sophia Brahe]] (1556–1643), Danish astronomer and chemist
 * [[Isabella Cortese]] (fl. 1561), Italian alchemist
 * [[Helena Magenbuch]] (1523–1597), German pharmacist
 * [[Loredana Marcello]] (died 1572), Venetian botanist
 * Elizabeth Moulthorne (fl. 1593), English [[Barber surgeon|barber-surgeon]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Liza Picard|Picard, Liza]]. ''Elizabeth's London'' (2003), [[Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson]]&lt;/ref&gt;
 * [[Tarquinia Molza]] (1542–1617), Italian natural philosopher
 * [[Catherine de Parthenay]] (1554–1631), French mathematician
 * [[Elinor Sneshell]] (fl. 1593), English surgeon
 * [[Agatha Streicher]] (1520–1581), German physician
 * [[Caterina Vitale]] (1566–1619), Maltese pharmacist and chemist&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Susanna|last=Hoe|title=Malta: Women, History, Books and Places|date=2016|url=http://www.holobooks.co.uk/MaltaItineraryChapter17.pdf|chapter=Valletta|pages=368–369|location=[[Oxford]]|publisher=Women's History Press (a division of Holo Books)|oclc=931704918|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010130128/http://www.holobooks.co.uk/MaltaItineraryChapter17.pdf|isbn=9780957215351}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 * [[Tan Yunxian]] (1461–1554), Chinese physician
 {{Div col end}}
 
  
 
 == 17ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு ==
 {{Div col}}
 [[File:Margaret_cavendish_from_Luminarium.jpg|thumb|200px|right|மார்கரெட் கேவந்திசு]]
 * [[Anna Åkerhjelm]] (1647–1693), Swedish traveler and archaeologist
 * [[Ann Baynard]] (1672–1697), British Natural philosopher
 * [[Aphra Behn]] (1640–1689), British translator of an astronomical work
 * [[Martine Bertereau]] (1600–''fl.''1642), French [[mineralogist]]
 * [[Agnes Block]] (1629–1704), Dutch horticulturalist
 * [[Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine]] (1618–1680), German natural philosopher
 * [[Louise Bourgeois Boursier]] (1563–1636), French obstetrician
 * [[Titia Brongersma]] (1650–1700), Frisian archaeologist, poet 
 * [[Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Margaret Cavendish]] (1623–1673), natural philosopher
 &lt;!--*[[Elizabeth Cellier]] (fl. 1680), British midwife--&gt; 
 * [[Marie Crous]] (fl. 1640), French mathematician
 * [[Maria Cunitz]] (1610–1664), Silesian astronomer
 * [[Jeanne Dumée]] (1660–1706), French astronomer
 &lt;!--*[[Marie Duprée]] (17th century), French natural philosopher--&gt;
 * [[Maria Clara Eimmart]] (1676–1707), German astronomer
 * [[Marie Fouquet]] (1590–1681), French medical writer
 * [[Eleanor Glanville]] (1654–1709), English entomologist
 * [[Elisabeth Hevelius]] (1647–1693), Polish astronomer
 &lt;!--*[[Hedvig Eleonora Klingenstierna]] (17th century), Swedish lecturer in Latin at Linköping University--&gt;
 * [[Maria Sibylla Merian]] (1647–1717), naturalist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|206}}
 * [[Marie Meurdrac]] (c. 1610–1680), French chemist and alchemist
 * [[Elena Cornaro Piscopia]] (1646–1684), Italian mathematician and the first female PhD
 * [[Marguerite de la Sablière]] (c. 1640–1693), French natural philosopher
 * [[Jane Sharp]] (fl. 1671), British obstetrician
 * [[Justine Siegemund]] (1636–1705), German obstetrician 
 * [[Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (1630–1715)|Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort]] (1630–1715), English botanist
 * [[Elizabeth Walker (pharmacist)|Elizabeth Walker]] (1623–1690), British pharmacist
 {{Div col end}}
 
  
 
 == 18ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு ==
 [[File:Portrait de Mme d'Arconville.jpg|thumb|[[Geneviève Charlotte d'Arconville]]]][[Image:Emilie Chatelet portrait by Latour.jpg|right|thumb|Portrait of [[Émilie du Châtelet]] by [[Maurice Quentin de La Tour]]]]
 {{Div col}}
 
 * [[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (1718–1799), Italian mathematician&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|1}}
 * [[Geneviève Charlotte d'Arconville]] (1720–1805), French anatomist 
 * [[Madeleine-Françoise Calais]] (circa 1713 - ''fl.'' 1740) French dentist.
 * [[Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen]] (1751–1827), German astronomer
 * [[Maria Angela Ardinghelli]] (1728–1825), Italian mathematician and physicist
 * [[Sarah Sophia Banks]] (1744–1818), British natural history collector
 * [[Giuseppa Barbapiccola]] (c. 1702–1740), natural philosopher, translator
 * [[Jeanne Baret]] (1740–1807), French circumnavigator and botanist
 * [[Laura Bassi]] (1711–1778), Italian physicist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|20}}
 * [[Marie Marguerite Bihéron]] (1719–1795), French anatomist 
 * [[Celia Grillo Borromeo]] (1684–1777), Italian natural philosopher
 * [[Jacoba van den Brande]] (1735–1794), Dutch founder of first all-female science academy
 * [[Maria Christina Bruhn]] (1732–1808), Swedish inventor
 * [[Margaret Bryan (philosopher)|Margaret Bryan]] (c. 1760–1815), British natural philosopher
 * [[Elsa Beata Bunge]] (1734–1819), Swedish botanist
 * [[Lydia Byam]] (fl. 1797–1800), naturalist
 * [[María Andrea Casamayor]] (1700–1780), Spanish mathematician 
 * [[Émilie du Châtelet]] (1706–1749), French mathematician and physicist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|52}}
 * [[Maria Medina Coeli]] (1764–1846), Italian physician
 * [[Jane Colden]] (1724–1766), American biologist
 * [[Rosalie de Constant]] (1758–1834), Swiss naturalist
 * [[Angélique du Coudray]] (1712–1794), French midwife
 * [[Maria Dalle Donne]] (1778–1842), Italian physician
 * [[Catharina Helena Dörrien]] (1717 – 1795), German botanist 
 * [[Eva Ekeblad]] (1724–1786), Swedish agronomist
 * [[Dorothea Erxleben]] (1715–1762), German physician
 * [[Charlotta Frölich]] (1698–1770), Swedish agronomist and historian
 * [[Elizabeth Fulhame]] (fl. 1794), British chemist
 * [[Lucia Galeazzi Galvani]] (1743–1788), Italian physician
 * [[Sophie Germain]] (1776–1831), elasticity theory, number theory&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|105}}
 * [[Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi]] (1760–1830), Italian botanist
 * [[Catherine Littlefield Greene]] (1755–1814), American inventor
 * [[Salomée Halpir]] (1718-fl. 1763), Lithuanian oculist 
 * [[Caroline Herschel]] (1750–1848), German-British astronomer&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|124}}
 * [[Catherine Jérémie]] (1664–1744), French-Canadian botanist
 * [[Christine Kirch]] (1696–1782), German astronomer
 * [[Margaretha Kirch]] (1703–1744), German astronomer
 * [[Maria Margarethe Kirch]] (1670–1720), German astronomer&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|157}}
 * [[Marie Lachapelle]] (1769–1821), French midwife
 * [[Marie-Jeanne de Lalande]] (1760–1832), French astronomer
 * [[Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze|Marie Paulze Lavoisier]] (1758–1836), French chemist and illustrator
 * [[Nicole-Reine Lepaute]] (1723–1792), French astronomer
 * [[Elisabeth Christina von Linné]] (1743–1782), Swedish botanist
 * [[Martha Daniell Logan]] (1704–1779), American horticulturalist
 * [[Eliza Lucas]] (1722–1793), American agronomist and indigo dye pioneer
 * [[Maria Lullin]] (1750–1831), Swiss entomologist
 * [[Catharine Macaulay]] (1731–1791), British social scientist
 * [[Anna Morandi Manzolini]] (1716–1774), Italian physician and anatomist
 * [[Marie Le Masson Le Golft]] (1750–1826), French naturalist 
 * [[Sybilla Masters]] (1675–1720), patent for a corn mill
 * [[Lady Anne Monson]] (1726–1776), English botanist
 * [[Maria Petraccini]] (1759–1791), Italian anatomist and physician
 * [[Zaffira Peretti]] (fl. 1780), Italian anatomist and physician
 * [[Claudine Picardet]] (1735–1820) French chemist, mineralogist and meteorologist
 * [[Louise du Pierry]] (1746–1807), French astronomer
 * [[Marie Anne Victoire Pigeon]] (1724–1767), French mathematician
 * [[Faustina Pignatelli]] (1705–1785), Italian physicist
 * [[Anna Barbara Reinhart]] (1730–1796), Swiss mathematician
 * [[Cristina Roccati]] (1732–1797), Italian physics teacher
 * [[Jane Squire]] (bap. 1686 – 1743), English mathematician
 * [[Clotilde Tambroni]] (1758–1817), Italian philologist and linguistic
 * [[Petronella Johanna de Timmerman]] (1723–1786), Dutch scientist
 * [[Wang Zhenyi (astronomer)|Wang Zhenyi]] (1768–1797), Chinese astronomer
 {{Div col end}}
 
 == 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு ==
 {{Div col}}
 
 ===மானிடவியல்===
 * [[Maria Czaplicka]] (1884–1921), Polish cultural anthropologist
 * [[Alice Cunningham Fletcher]] (1838–1923), American ethnologist
 * [[Johanna Mestorf]] (1828–1909), German prehistoric archaeologist
 * [[Margaret Murray]] (1863–1963), British anthropologist
 * [[Clémence Royer]] (1830–1902), French anthropologist
 * [[Ellen Churchill Semple]] (1863–1932), American geographer
 * [[Praskovja Uvarova]] (1840–1924), Russian archaeologist
 
 ===தொல்லியல்===
 * [[Cornelia Horsford]] (1861– c. 1941), American archaeologist
 * [[Lady Hester Stanhope]] (1776–1839), British archaeologist
 * [[Zsófia Torma]] (1832–1899), Hungarian archaeologist, paleologist, anthropologist
 
 ===வானியல்===
 [[File:Annie Jump Cannon 1922 Portrait.jpg|thumb|Annie Jump Cannon, 1922 Portrait]]
 * [[Mary Albertson]] (1838–1914), American botanist and astronomer
 * [[Annie Jump Cannon]] (1863–1941), American astronomer&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|47}}
 * [[Agnes Mary Clerke]] (1842–1907), British astronomer
 * [[Florence Cushman]] (1860–1940), American astronomer
 * [[Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin]] (1900–1979), American astronomer and astrophysicist 
 * [[Williamina Fleming]] (1857–1911), Scottish/American astronomer&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|89}}
 * [[Caroline Herschel]]  (1750–1848), German astronomer active in England
 * [[Margaret Lindsay Huggins|Margaret Lindsay Murray Huggins]] (1848–1915), British astronomer
 * [[Henrietta Swan Leavitt]] (1868–1921), American astronomer&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|170}}
 * [[Annie Scott Dill Maunder|Annie Russell Maunder]] (1868–1947), Irish astronomer
 * [[Antonia Maury|Antonia Caetana Maury]] (1866–1952), American astronomer&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|195}}
 * [[Maria Mitchell]] (1818–1889), American astronomer&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|209}}
 * [[Isis Pogson]] (1852–1945), British astronomer
 * [[Caterina Scarpellini]] (1808–1873), Italian astronomer
 * [[Sarah Frances Whiting]] (1846–1927), American astronomer and physicist&lt;ref&gt;[http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Whiting,_Sarah_Frances@944123456.html &quot;Sarah Whiting&quot;]. {{harvnb|CWP}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
 * [[Mary Watson Whitney]] (1847–1921), American astronomer
 * [[Anna Winlock]] (1857–1904), American astronomer
 
 ===உயிரியல் அல்லது இயர்கை வரலாறு===
 [[File:Mary Anning by B. J. Donne.jpg|thumb|right|Mary Anning]]
 * [[Frances Acton]] (1793–1881), British botanist
 * [[Elizabeth Cary Agassiz]] (1822–1907), American natural historian
 * [[Mary Albertson]] (1838–1914), American botanist and astronomer
 * [[Mary Anning]] (1799–1847), British natural historian&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|9}}
 * [[Emily Arnesen]] (1876–1928), Norwegian zoologist
 * [[Anna Atkins]] (1799–1871), British botanist
 * [[Harriet Henrietta Beaufort]] (1778–1865), British botanist
 * [[Isabella Bird]] Bishop (1831–1904), British natural historian
 * [[Priscilla Susan Bury]] (1799–1872), English botanist
 * [[Albertina Carlsson]] (1848–1930), Swedish zoologist
 * [[Mary Agnes Meara Chase]] (1869–1963), American biologist
 * [[Cornelia Clapp]] (1849–1934), American zoologist
 * [[Anna Botsford Comstock]] (1854–1930), American natural historian
 * [[Clara Ea ton Cummings]] (1855–1906), American botanist
 * [[Eunice P. Cutter]] (1819-1898), American author of anatomy textbooks
 * [[Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt]] (1859–1928), American pathologist
 * [[Mary Cynthia Dickerson]] (1866–1923), American herpetologist, museum curator and writer
 * [[Amalie Dietrich]] (1821–1891), German natural historian
 * [[Alice Eastwood]] (1859–1953), American biologist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|77}}
 * [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann]] (1858–1947), American biologist
 * [[Olga Fedtschenko]] (1845–1921), Russian botanist
 * [[Maria Elizabeth Fernald]] (1839–1919), American entomologist 
 * [[Elisabetta Fiorini Mazzanti]] (1799–1879), Italian botanist
 * [[Susanna Phelps Gage]] (1857–1915), American embryologist and comparative anatomist
 * [[Lilian Jane Gould]] (1861–1936), British biologist 
 * [[Amelia Griffiths]] (1768–1858), British phycologist
 * [[Marian E. Hubbard]] (1868–1956), American zoologist
 * [[Agnes Ibbetson]] (1757–1823), English vegetable physiologist
 * [[Susan Hallowell]] (1835–1911), American botanist
 * [[Gabrielle Howard]] (1876–1930), British plant physiologist
 * [[Ellen Hutchins]] (1785–1815), Irish botanist
 * [[Ida Henrietta Hyde]] (1857–1945), American biologist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|135}}
 * [[Maria Elizabetha Jacson]] (1755–1829), English botanist
 * [[Alice Johnson (zoologist)|Alice Johnson]] (1860–1940), English zoologist
 * [[Józefa Joteyko]] (1866–1928), physiologist, psychologist, pedagogist
 * [[Josephine Kablick]] (1787–1863), botanist
 * [[Helen Dean King]] (1869–1955), American biologist
 * [[Phoebe Lankester]] (1825–1900), British botanist
 * [[Marie-Anne Libert]] (1782–1865), Belgian botanist and mycologist
 * [[Friederike Lienig]] (1790–1855), German-Baltic entomologist
 * [[Elizabeth Eaton Morse]] (1864–1955), American mycologist/cryptogamist 
 * [[Katharine Murray Lyell]] (1817–1915), British botanist
 * [[Helen Abbott Michael]] (1857–1904), American botanist and chemist
 * [[Olive Thorne Miller]] (1831–1918), American natural historian
 * [[Maria Gugelberg von Moos]] (1836–1918), Swiss botanist
 * [[Margaretta Morris]] (1797–1867), American entomologist
 * [[Mary Murtfeldt]] (1848–1913), American biologist
 * [[Eleanor Anne Ormerod]] (1828–1901), British biologist
 * [[Edith Marion Patch]] (1876–1954), American biologist
 * [[Maria Louisa Pike]] (d. 1892), American naturalist
 * [[Beatrix Potter]] (1866–1943), British mycologist
 * [[Mary J. Rathbun|Mary Jane Rathbun]] (1860–1943), American marine biologist
 * [[Margaretta Riley]] (1804–1899), British botanic 
 * [[Caroline Rosenberg]] (1810–1902), Danish botanist
 * [[Ethel Sargant]] (1863–1918), British biologist
 * [[Hazel Schmoll]] (1890–1990), American botanist working on plant life in Colorado
 * [[Lilian Sheldon]] (1862–1942), English zoologist
 * [[Alexandra Smirnoff]] (1838–1913), Finnish pomologist
 * [[Annie Lorrain Smith]] (1854–1937), British lichenologist and mycologist
 * [[Emilie Snethlage]] (1868–1929), German-Brazilian naturalist and ornithologist
 * [[Nettie Stevens]] (1861–1912), American geneticist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|284}}
 * [[Jantina Tammes]] (1871–1947), Dutch botanist and geneticist 
 * [[Charlotte De Bernier Taylor]] (1806–1863), American entomologist 
 * [[Mary Lua Adelia Davis Treat|Mary Treat]] (1830–1923), American naturalist
 * [[Anna Vickers]] (1852–1906), marine algologist
 * [[Jeanne Villepreux-Power]] (1794–1871), French marine biologist
 * [[Anna Maria Walker]] (c. 1778–1852), Scottish botanist
 * [[Elizabeth Andrew Warren]] (1786–1864), Cornish botanist
 * [[Mary Anne Whitby]] (1784–1850), English breeder of silkworms
 * [[Mary Pirie]] (1822–1885), Scottish botanist
 
 ===வேதியியல்===
 [[File:Ida Freund.jpg|thumb|Ida Freund]]
 * [[Vera Bogdanovskaia]] (1868–1897), Russian chemist&lt;ref name=WIC&gt;{{harvnb|Rayner-Canham|Rayner-Canham|2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|64}}
 * [[Ida Freund]] (1863–1914), first woman to be a university chemistry lecturer in the United Kingdom&lt;ref name=WIC/&gt;{{rp|59–60}}
 * [[Louise Hammarström]] (1849–1917), Swedish chemist
 * [[Edith Humphrey]] (1875–1978), probably the first British woman to gain a doctorate in chemistry&lt;ref name=cw2009&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rayner-Canham|first=Marelene|author2=Rayner-Canham, Geoff |title=Fight for Rights|journal=Chemistry World|date=23 Feb 2009|volume=6|issue=3|pages=56–59|url=http://www.rsc.org/images/Historical_tcm18-145179.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
 * [[Julia Lermontova]] (1846–1919), Russian chemist&lt;ref name=WIC/&gt;{{rp|61–64}}
 * [[Laura Linton]] (1853–1915), American chemist &lt;ref name=WIC/&gt;{{rp|57–58}}
 * [[Rachel Lloyd (chemist)|Rachel Lloyd]] (1839–1900), American chemist &lt;ref name=WIC/&gt;{{rp|55–56}}
 * [[Adelaida Lukanina]] (1843–1908), Russian physician and chemist
 * [[Helen Abbott Michael]] (1857–1904), American botanist and chemist
 * [[Frances Micklethwait]] (1867–1950), British research chemist
 * [[Muriel Wheldale Onslow]] (1880–1932), British biochemist
 * [[Marie Pasteur]] (1826–1910), French chemist and bacteriologist
 * [[Mary Engle Pennington]] (1872–1952), American chemist
 * [[Agnes Pockels]] (1862–1935), German chemist
 * [[Vera Popova]] (1867–1896), Russian chemist
 * [[Anna Sundström]] (1785–1871), Swedish chemist
 * [[Ellen Swallow Richards]] (1842–1911), American industrial and environmental chemist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|254}}&lt;ref name=WIC/&gt;{{rp|51–54}}
 * [[Margarete Traube]] (1856–1912), German-born chemist who lived in Italy
 * [[Anna Volkova]] (1800–1876), Russian chemist
 * [[Martha Annie Whiteley]] (1866–1956), English chemist and mathematician
 * [[Nadezhda Olimpievna Ziber-Shumova]] (died 1914), Russian chemist
 
 ===பொறியாளர்கள்===
 * [[Mary Dicas]] (fl. 1800–1815), maker of scientific instruments
 * [[Emily Roebling]] (1844–1903), American civil engineer
 
 ===புவியியள்===
 * [[Florence Bascom]] (1862–1945), American geologist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|18}}
 * [[Etheldred Benett]] (1776–1845), British geologist
 * [[Mary Buckland]] (1797–1857), British paleontologist and marine biologist
 * [[Margaret Crosfield]] (1859–1952), British paleontologist and geologist
 * [[Maria Gordon]] (1896–1939), Scottish geologist
 * [[Mary Emilie Holmes]] (1850–1906), American geologist and educator
 * [[Charlotte Murchison]] (1788–1869), Scottish geologist
 * [[Elizabeth Philpot]] (1780–1857), British paleontologist
 
 ===புதுமைபுனைவாளர்கள் ===
 * [[Tabitha Babbitt]] (1779–1853), American inventor and tool maker
 * [[Mary Brush]] (fl. 1815), American inventor
 * [[Martha Coston]] (1826–1904), American inventor
 * [[Ellen Eglin]] (1849–fl. 1890), American inventor
 * [[Caroline Eichler]] (1809–1843), German inventor, instrument maker and prostheses designer.
 * [[Hanna Hammarström]] (1829–1909), Swedish inventor
 * [[Mary Kies]] (1752–1837), American inventor
 * [[Margaret E. Knight]] (1838–1914), American inventor, first woman awarded a U.S. patent
 * [[Huang Lü]] (died 1829), Chinese optic inventor
 
 ===கணிதவியல்===
 [[File:Ada Lovelace portrait.jpg|thumb|right|Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (Ada Lovelace)]]
 * [[Sofia Kovalevskaya]] (1850–1891), Russian mathematician (partial differential equations, rotating solids, Abelian functions)&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|162}}
 * [[Ada Lovelace|Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace]] (1815–1851), British mathematician&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|180}}
 * [[Emilie Martin]] (1869–1936), American mathematician
 * [[Florence Nightingale]]  (1820–1910), British statistician and nurse
 * [[Emmy Noether]] (1882–1935), German mathematician
 
 ==நுண்ணுயிரியல்===
 * [[Alice Catherine Evans]] (1881–1975), American microbiologist
 
 === மருத்துவம் ===
 [[File:Kadambini Ganguly.jpg|thumb|right|Kadambini Ganguly]]
 * [[Rachel Alcock]] (1862–1939), British physiologist
 * [[Elizabeth Garrett Anderson]] (1836–1917), British physician &lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|7}}
 * [[Hedda Andersson]] (1861–1950), Swedish physician
 * [[Lovisa Årberg]] (1801–1881), first woman doctor and surgeon in Sweden
 * [[Amalia Assur]] (1803–1889), Swedish dentist
 * [[Sara Josephine Baker]] (1873–1945), American doctor (child hygiene pioneer)
 * [[Chandramukhi Basu]] (1860–1944), Indian physician
 * [[Elizabeth Blackwell (doctor)|Elizabeth Blackwell]] (1821–1910), American physician &lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|31}}
 * [[Emily Blackwell]] (1826–1910), American physician
 * [[Marie Boivin]] (1773–1841), French writer on obstetrics
 * [[Elizabeth D. A. Cohen]] (1820–1921), American physician, first female physician in the state of Louisiana
 * [[Rebecca Cole]] (1846–1922) American physician, by 1867 she was the second African-American woman to become a doctor in the United States
 * [[Rebecca Lee Crumpler]] (1831–1895) American physician, by 1864 she was the first African-American woman to become a doctor in the United States
 * [[Maria Dalle Donne]] (1778–1842), Italian physician
 * [[Marie Durocher]] (1809–1893), Brazilian obstetrician, midwife and physician
 * [[Enriqueta Favez]] (c. 1791–1856), Swiss physician and surgeon
 * [[Rosalie Fougelberg]] (1841–1911), Swedish dentist
 * [[Rupa Bai Furdoonji]], Indian physician who was the world's first female [[anesthetist]]
 * [[Kadambini Ganguly]] (1861–1923), Indian physician
 * [[Johanna Hedén]] (1837–1912), Swedish midwife, feldsher and barber
 * [[Aletta Jacobs]] (1854–1929), Dutch physician
 * [[Kisamor|Maria Jansson]] (1788–1842), known as ''Kisamor'', Swedish physician
 * [[Sophia Jex-Blake]] (1840–1912), British physician
 * [[Anandi Gopal Joshi]] (1865–1887), Indian physician
 * [[Mary Poonen Lukose]] (1886–1976), Indian gynecologist
 * [[Emmy Rappe]] (1835–1896), Swedish nurse
 * [[Martha Ripley]] (1843–1912), American physician and suffragist
 * [[Varvara Kashevarova Rudneva]] (1844–1899), Russian physician
 * [[Florence R. Sabin]] (1871–1953), American medical scientist
 * [[Ellen Sandelin]] (1862–1907), Swedish physician and teacher of physiology
 * [[Regina von Siebold]] (1771–1849), German physician and [[obstetrician]]
 * [[Charlotte von Siebold]] (1788–1859), German physician and [[gynecologist]]
 * [[Anna Stecksén]] (1870–1904), Swedish pathologist
 * [[Lucy Hobbs Taylor]] (1833–1910), American dentist
 * [[Isala Van Diest]] (1842–1916), first female medical doctor and female university graduate in Belgium
 * [[Catharine van Tussenbroek]] (1852–1925), Dutch gynecologist
 * [[Mary Edwards Walker|Mary Walker]] (1832–1919), American surgeon
 * [[Karolina Widerström]] (1856–1949), Swedish physician
 * [[Marie Elisabeth Zakrzewska]] (1829-1902), Polish-American physician
 
 ===அணுக்கரு இயற்பியல்===
 * [[Lise Meitner]] (1878–1968), Austrian, Swedish, nuclear physicist
 
 ===இயற்பியல்===
 * [[Hertha Marks Ayrton]] (1854–1923), British physicist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|14}}
 * [[Mileva Einstein-Maric]] (1875–1948), Serbian/Swiss physicist
 * [[Margaret Eliza Maltby]] (1860–1944), American physicist
 * [[Mary Somerville]] (1780–1872), British physicist, polymath&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|280}}
 * [[Eunice Newton Foote]] (1819–1888), American inventor and physicist who first discovered rising [[carbon dioxide]] ({{CO2}}) levels could impact climate &lt;ref&gt;https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer {{bare URL inline|date=April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/21/obituaries/eunice-foote-overlooked.html | title=Overlooked No More: Eunice Foote, Climate Scientist Lost to History | work=The New York Times | date=21 April 2020 | last1=Schwartz | first1=John }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 ===உளவியல்===
 * [[Mary Whiton Calkins]] (1863–1930), American psychologist
 * [[Christine Ladd-Franklin]] (1847–1930), American psychologist&lt;ref name=Yount/&gt;{{rp|167}}
 * [[Margaret Floy Washburn]] (1871–1939), American psychologist
 * [[Anna Freud]] (1895–1982), Austrian-British psychoanalyst
 
 ===அறிவியல் கல்வி===
 * [[Jane C. Loudon|Jane Webb Loudon]] (1807–1858), Writer of introductory gardening books
 * [[Jane Marcet]] (1769–1858), Writer of introductory science books
 * [[Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps]] (1793–1884), American science educator
 * [[Josephine Silone Yates]] (died 1912), American chemistry professor
 
 ===சமூகவியல்===
 * [[Jane Addams]] (1860–1935), American sociologist
 * [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1860–1935), American sociologist
 * [[Beatrice Webb]] (1858–1943), English sociologist and economist
 {{Div col end}}
 
  
 
 == மேலும் காண்க ==
 
 * அறிவியலில் பெண்களின் காலநிரல்
 
 == குறிப்புகள் ==
 &lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
 
 == மேற்கோள்கள் ==
 {{Refbegin}}
 *{{cite web |first=Nina |last=Byers |url=http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/exp.html |title=Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics |publisher=UCLA |access-date=24 October 2013 |ref={{Harvid|CWP}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801221501/http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/exp.html |archive-date=1 August 2013 }}
 * {{cite book|last=Herzenberg|first=Caroline L.|title=Women scientists from antiquity to the present : an index : an international reference listing and biographical directory of some notable women scientists from ancient to modern times|url=https://archive.org/details/womenscientistsf0000herz|url-access=registration|year=1986|publisher=Locust Hill Press|location=West Cornwall, CT|isbn=0-933951-01-9 }}
 * {{cite book|last=Howard|first=Sethanne|title=The hidden giants|url=https://archive.org/details/hiddengiants0000seth|year=2006|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1430300762 }}
 * {{cite book|last1=Howes|first1=Ruth H.|author1-link= Ruth Howes |last2=Herzenberg|first2=Caroline L.|author2-link=Caroline Herzenberg|title=Their day in the sun : women of the Manhattan Project|url=https://archive.org/details/theirdayinsunwom0000howe|year=1999|publisher=Temple Univ. Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=1-56639-719-7 }}
 * {{cite book|last=Ogilvie|first=Marilyn Bailey|title=Women in science : antiquity through the nineteenth century : a biographical dictionary with annotated bibliography|year=1986|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=0-262-15031-X|edition=3. print.|url=https://archive.org/details/womeninscience00mari}}
 * {{cite book|last=Ogilvie|first=Marilyn Bailey|title=The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135963422 }}
 * {{cite book|last1=Rayner-Canham|first1=Marelene|last2=Rayner-Canham|first2=Geoffrey|title=Women in chemistry : their changing roles from alchemical times to the mid-twentieth century|year=2001|publisher=Chemical Heritage Foundation|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0941901277|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/womeninchemistry0000rayn}} 
 * {{cite book|last1=Stevens|first1=Gwendolyn|first2=Sheldon|last2=Gardner|title=The women of psychology|year=1982|publisher=Schenkman|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=9780870734434 }}
 * {{cite book|last1=Walsh|first1=James J.|chapter=VIII. Medieval Women Physicians |title=Old-Time Makers of Medicine The Students and Teachers of Medicine During the Middle Ages.|date=2014|publisher=The Floating Press|location=Auckland|isbn=9781776530236|pages=150–169}}
 * {{cite book|last=Yount|first=Lisa|title=A to Z of Women in Science and Math|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Pub.|location=New York|isbn=9781438107950|edition=Rev. }}{{unreliable source?|date=May 2018}}
 {{Refend}}
 
 == வெளி இணைப்புகள் ==
 
 * [http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/ அறிவியலில் பெண்களின் 4000 ஆண்டுகள்]
 * [http://royalsociety.org/Most-influential-British-women-in-the-history-of-science/ அறிவியல் வரலாற்றில் மிகவும் செல்வாக்கு மிக்க பிரித்தானியப் பெண்கள்](  அரசு கழகக்   குழுவால் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டனர்)க