கொடுங்கரடி
{{Subspeciesbox
 | name = கொடுங்கரடி
 | fossil_range = [[பிலிசுடோசின்]] – [[ஹோலோசீன்|தற்போது]]
 | image = GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg
 | genus = Ursus
 | species = arctos
 | subspecies = horribilis
 |status= LC
 |status_system=IUCN3.1
 |status_ref=&lt;ref name=ICUN&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/pdf/121229971/attachment|title=IUCN Brown Bear subspecies status|access-date=August 29, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[அலாஸ்கா]])
 |status2= VU
 |status2_system= IUCN3.1
 |status2_ref=&lt;ref name=ICUN/&gt; ([[ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா]] மற்றும் [[கனடா]])
 | authority = ([[கரோலஸ் லின்னேயஸ்|லின்னேயஸ்]], 1758)
 | range_map = Ursus arctos horribilis map.svg
 | range_map_caption = வரலாற்று மற்றும் தற்போதைய வரம்பு
 | subdivision_ranks = Former subspecies now synonymised
 | subdivision = *''[[California grizzly|U. a. californicus]]''†
 *''[[Subspecies of brown bear#Dall Island brown bear|U. a. dalli]]''
 *''[[Alaska Peninsula brown bear|U. a. gyas]]''
 *''[[Ungava brown bear|U. a. ungavaesis]]''†
 *''[[Kodiak bear|U. a. middendorffi]]''
 *''[[Mexican grizzly bear|U. a. nelsoni]]''†
 *''[[ABC Islands bear|U. a. sitkensis]]''
 *''[[Stickeen brown bear|U. a. stikeenensis]]''
 }}
 
 '''கொடுங்கரடி''' /'''சாம்பற்கரடி'''(Grizzly bear) ஒரு வகைக் [[கரடி]] இனமாகும். இது [[வட அமெரிக்கா]]வின் மேற்குப் பகுதி உயர்நிலங்களில் வாழ்கிறது. இது 180 முதல் 680 [[கிலோகிராம்]] எடையுடையதாகக் காணப்படுகிறது. கொடுங்கரடிகளில் ஆண் கரடி பெண்ணைவிட 1.8 மடங்கு எடையுடையதாகும்.
 [[படிமம்:Grizzlybear55.jpg|thumb|left|250x250px]]
 
 == மேற்கோள்கள் ==
 {{Reflist}}
 
 == மேலும் படிக்க ==
 {{Refbegin}}
 *{{Citation |last1=Miller |first1=Craig R. |last2=Waits |first2=Lisette P. |last3=Joyce |first3=Paul |date=December 2006 |title=Phylogeography and mitochondrial diversity of extirpated brown bear (''Ursus arctos'') populations in the contiguous United States and Mexico |journal=[[w:en:Molecular Ecology|Molecular Ecology]] |volume=15 |issue=14 |pages=4477–4485 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03097.x |url=http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~joyce/davis/Miller%20bear.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |pmid=17107477 |s2cid=7336900 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324205052/http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~joyce/davis/Miller%20bear.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
 *{{ITIS |id=202385 |taxon=Ursus arctos horribilis |access-date=18 March 2006}}
 *{{cite book |title=The Mammals of Canada |last=Banfield |first=A. W. F.|year=1987 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto}}
 *[http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_grizzly_bear_e.pdf Committee On The Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Assessment and Update Status Report on the Grizzly Bear ('''Ursus arctos''') in Canada, 2002] 2.1 MB PDF file.
 *{{cite journal |last1=Cronin |first1=M. A. |year=1991 |title=Interspecific and specific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (''Ursus'') |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology |volume=69 |pages=2985–2992|doi=10.1139/z91-421 |display-authors=1 |last2=Amstrup |first2=Steven C. |last3=Garner |first3=Gerald W. |last4=Vyse |first4=Ernest R. |issue=12|s2cid=54763647 |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8b5c/69bc1ffc7adf458f074fa9c3d9a06e7ccad6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228115240/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8b5c/69bc1ffc7adf458f074fa9c3d9a06e7ccad6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-02-28 }}
 *{{cite book |title=Bear Attacks |last=Herrero |first=Stephen |year=1985 |publisher=New Centuries Publishers |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8329-0377-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/bearattackstheir00herr }}
 *{{Cite journal |last1=Waits |first1=L. P. |year=1998|title=Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the North American brown bear and implications for conservation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_conservation-biology_1998-04_12_2/page/408 |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=12|pages=408–417 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96351.x |display-authors=1 |last2=Talbot |first2=Sandra L. |last3=Ward |first3=R. H. |last4=Shields |first4=G. F. |issue=2}}
 *{{Cite book |title=Bear in Mind: the California Grizzly |last=Snyder |first=Susan |year=2003 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley|isbn=9781890771706}}
 *{{Cite journal |last=Mattson |first=J. |author2=Merrill, Troy |year=2001 |title=Extirpations of Grizzly Bears in the Contiguous United States, 1850–2000 |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=1123–1136 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00414.x|s2cid=84050297 }}
 *{{Cite journal |last=Wielgus |first=R. B.|year=2002 |title=Minimum viable population and reserve sizes for naturally regulated grizzly bears in British Columbia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_2002-08_106_3/page/381 |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=106|pages=381–388 |doi=10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00265-8 |issue=3}}
 *{{Cite book |title=Principles of Conservation Biology |url=https://archive.org/details/principlesofcons0000groo_a7l5 |last=Groom |first=M. J. |author2=Meffe, G. K. |author3=Carroll, C. R.  |year=2006 |edition=3rd |publisher=Sinauer Associates |location=Sunderland, MA }}
 *{{cite book |title=Grizzlies and Grizzled Old Men: A Tribute to Those Who Fought to Save the Great Bear |last=Lapinski |first=Mike |year=2006 |publisher=Globe Pequot Press – Falcon Imprint |location=Guilford, CT/Helena, MT |isbn=978-0-7627-3653-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/grizzliesgrizzle0000lapi }}
 *{{cite book |title=The grizzlies of Mount McKinley |url=https://archive.org/details/grizzliesofmount0000muri |last=Murie |first=Adolph |year=1985 |publisher=University of Washington Press |location=Seattle |isbn=978-0-295-96204-7 }}
 *{{Cite journal |author=McCory, W.P. |author2=Herrero, S.M. |author3=Jones, G.W. |author4=Mallam, E.D. |name-list-style=amp|year=1990|title= A Selection of Papers from the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Bears: Their Biology and Management|volume= 8|pages= 11–16}}
 *{{Cite journal |author=Proctor, M.F. |author2=McLellan, B.N. |author3=Strobeck, C. |author4=Barclay, R.M.R. |name-list-style=amp |year=2005|title= Genetic analysis reveals demographic fragmentation of grizzly bears yielding vulnerably small populations|journal= Proceedings of the Royal Society B |volume= 272|pages= 2409–2416|doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3246 |issue=1579 |pmid=16243699 |pmc=1559960}}
 {{Refend}}
 
 == வெளி இணைப்புகள் ==
 {{Commons and category|Ursus arctos horribilis|Ursus arctos horribilis}}
 {{Wikispecies|Ursus arctos horribilis}}
 *[https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/north-american-mammals/grizzly-bear Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History species account-Grizzly Bear]
 
 {{Arctos}}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q171004}}
 
 [[பகுப்பு:கரடிகள்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:தீவாய்ப்பு கவலை குறைந்த இனங்கள்‎]]
 [[பகுப்பு:அழிவாய்ப்பு இனங்கள்‎]]