பிலிப்பினோ மக்கள்
{{Infobox ethnic group
 | group       = Filipinos &lt;br /&gt; ''Mga Pilipino''
 | flag = [[படிமம்:Flag of the Philippines.svg|frameless|upright=1.2|border]]
 | flag_caption = [[Flag of the Philippines|National flag of the Philippines]]
 | population = '''{{circa}} 112 million''' worldwide{{refn|Combination of Filipinos living in the Philippines, Filipinos living abroad (OFW), and those of Filipino ancestry or heritage. {{citation needed|date=November 2015&lt;!-- &lt;ref&gt;tags will work OK inside of a {{refn}}--&gt;}}}}
 | popplace  = {{flag|Philippines}} 100,981,437&lt;ref&gt;[http://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-philippine-population-2015-census-population &quot;Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region1  = {{flagcountry|United States of America}}
 | pop1     = 3,416,840&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-11.pdf. The Asian Population: 2012.] Retrieved 21 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region2  = {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
 | pop2     = 1,066,401&lt;ref name=&quot;filipino1&quot; /&gt;
 | region3  = {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
 | pop3     = 700,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/dubai-filipinos-rejoice-as-cebu-pacific-arrives-with-cheap-deals-2013-01-21-1.491817 Dubai Filipinos rejoice as Cebu Pacific arrives with cheap deals]. Emirates 24/7. Retrieved 28 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region4  = {{flagcountry|Canada}}
 | pop4     = 662,600&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&amp;LANG=E&amp;APATH=3&amp;DETAIL=0&amp;DIM=0&amp;FL=A&amp;FREE=0&amp;GC=0&amp;GID=1118296&amp;GK=0&amp;GRP=0&amp;PID=105396&amp;PRID=0&amp;PTYPE=105277&amp;S=0&amp;SHOWALL=0&amp;SUB=0&amp;Temporal=2013&amp;THEME=95&amp;VID=0&amp;VNAMEE=&amp;VNAMEF=&amp;D1=0&amp;D2=0&amp;D3=0&amp;D4=0&amp;D5=0&amp;D6=0 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables |author=[[Statistics Canada]] |accessdate=18 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region5  = {{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
 | pop5     = 636,544&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ops.gov.ph/namsummit2003/backgrounder.htm Filipinos in Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423065955/http://www.ops.gov.ph/namsummit2003/backgrounder.htm |date=2009-04-23 }}. Office Press Secretary of the Philippines. Retrieved 22 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region6  = {{flagcountry|Japan}}
 | pop6     = 305,972&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Department of Foreign Affairs to Filipinos in Japan 'Heed advisories'|location=Japan|date=12 March 2011|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/global-filipino/03/12/11/dfa-pinoys-japan-heed-advisories/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region7  = {{flagcountry|Australia}}
 | pop7     = 224,725&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013] Australia Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 June 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region8  = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
 | pop8     = 203,035&lt;ref name=filipino1&gt;[http://www.poea.gov.ph/stats/stats2007.pdf Stock Estimates of Filipinos Overseas 2007 Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306090850/http://www.poea.gov.ph/stats/stats2007.pdf |date=2009-03-06 }}. Philippine Overseas Employment Administration. Retrieved 22 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region9  = {{flagcountry|Mexico}}
 | pop9     = 200,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2005/01/28/OPED2005012827368.html |title=Filipinos in Mexican History |access-date=2014-12-28 |archive-date=2007-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015180841/http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2005/01/28/OPED2005012827368.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region10  = {{flagcountry|Qatar}}
 | pop10     = 195,558&lt;ref name=filipino1 /&gt;
 | region12 = {{flagcountry|Kuwait}}
 | pop12    = 139,802&lt;ref name=filipino1 /&gt;
 | region11 = {{flagcountry|Italy}}
 | pop11   = 165,783&lt;ref name=istat&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/129854 |title=காப்பகப்படுத்தப்பட்ட நகல் |access-date=2014-12-28 |archive-date=2014-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113203531/http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/129854 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region13 = {{flagcountry|Hong Kong}}
 | pop13    = 130,810&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2005/en/fact_01.htm Filipinos in Hong Kong] Hong Kong Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 30 June 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region14 = {{flagcountry|Spain}}
 | pop14    = 115,362&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ph/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=8515 |title=PGMA meets members of Filipino community in Spain |publisher=Gov.Ph |accessdate=1 July 2006}} {{dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region15 = {{flagcountry|Israel}}
 | pop15    = 70,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/newhodaot/hodaa_template.html?hodaa=201020168|publisher=Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region16 = {{flagcountry|South Korea}}
 | pop16    = 63,464&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.korea.net/korea/kor_loca.asp?code=L03 Filipinos in South Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105063058/http://www.korea.net/korea/kor_loca.asp?code=L03 |date=2010-01-05 }}. Korean Culture and Information Service (KOIS). Retrieved 21 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region17 = {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
 | pop17    = 40,347&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24729&amp;amp;parent_id=24726&amp;amp;tabname=]&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region18 = {{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
 | pop18    = 35,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.filipinosabroad.com/ofw-news/philippine-labor-chief-to-pinoys-in-lebanon-avoid-unnecessary-travel Philippine labor chief to Pinoys in Lebanon: Avoid unnecessary travel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624083341/http://www.filipinosabroad.com/ofw-news/philippine-labor-chief-to-pinoys-in-lebanon-avoid-unnecessary-travel/ |date=2013-06-24 }}. Filipinos Abroad (2012-12-12). Retrieved 28 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region19 = {{flagcountry|Papua New Guinea}}
 | pop19    = 25,000&lt;ref&gt;Amojelar, Darwin G.. (2013-04-26) [http://www.interaksyon.com/business/60371/papua-new-guinea-thumbs-down-philippine-request-for-additional-flights Papua New Guinea thumbs down Philippine request for additional flights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427184444/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/60371/papua-new-guinea-thumbs-down-philippine-request-for-additional-flights |date=2013-04-27 }}. InterAksyon.com. Retrieved 28 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | region20 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
 | pop20    = 20,589&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1221/umfrage/anzahl-der-auslaender-in-deutschland-nach-herkunftsland/ |title=Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland (Stand: 31. Dezember 2014) }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region21 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
 | pop21    = 16,719&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://philembassy.nl/default.asp?iId=KHKDG | title=A brief history of Philippine – Netherlands relations | publisher=The Philippine Embassy in The Hague | access-date=2014-12-28 | archive-date=2009-02-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215025932/http://philembassy.nl/default.asp?iId=KHKDG |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region22 = {{flagcountry|Nigeria}}
 |pop22    = 16,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109692 People: Filipino], The Joshua Project&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region23 = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
 |pop23    = 13,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/global-filipino/02/29/12/pinoys-sweden-protest-impending-embassy-closure | title= pinoys-sweden-protest-impending-embassy-closure | publisher=ABS-CBN.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region24 = {{flagcountry|Ireland}}
 |pop24    = 12,791&lt;ref name=&quot;CSO Emigration&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/documents/census2011profile6/Profile%206%20Migration%20and%20Diversity%20Commentary.pdf | title=CSO Emigration | publisher=Census Office Ireland | accessdate=29 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region25 = {{flagcountry|Austria}}
 |pop25    = 12,474&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Statistic Austria |url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_staatsangehoerigkeit_geburtsland/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region26 = {{flagcountry|Norway}}
 |pop26    = 12,262&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/tab-2009-04-30-08.html | title=8 Folkemengde, etter norsk / utenlandsk statsborgerskap og landbakgrunn 1. januar 2009 | publisher=Statistisk sentralbyra (Statistics Norway) |accessdate=3 February 2014 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515130013/http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/tab-2009-04-30-08.html |archivedate=2009-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region27 = {{flagcountry|China}}
 |pop27    = 12,254&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://kalatas.com.au/2011/08/30/president-aquino-to-meet-filipino-community-in-beijing/|title=President Aquino to meet Filipino community in Beijing|work=Ang Kalatas-Australia|date=30 August 2011|access-date=28 டிசம்பர் 2014|archivedate=25 மே 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525082905/http://kalatas.com.au/2011/08/30/president-aquino-to-meet-filipino-community-in-beijing/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region28 = {{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
 |pop28    = 10,000'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ops.gov.ph/switzerland2007/backgrounder.htm#Overseas%20Filipinos |title=Backgrounder: Overseas Filipinos in Switzerland |publisher=Office of the Press Secretary |date=2007 |accessdate=23 October 2009 |archive-date=7 செப்டம்பர் 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907134426/http://www.ops.gov.ph/switzerland2007/backgrounder.htm#Overseas%20Filipinos |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region29 = {{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
 |pop29    = 7,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kazembassy.org.my/kaz_phi.htm Welcome to Embassy of Kazakhstan in Malaysia Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111164841/http://www.kazembassy.org.my/kaz_phi.htm |date=2013-11-11 }}. Kazembassy.org.my. Retrieved 28 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region30 = {{flagcountry|Palau}}
 |pop30    = 7,000&lt;ref name=&quot;CDN&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/opinion/view_article.php?article_id=3947 |title=A tale of two states |last=Tan |first=Lesley |periodical=Cebu Daily News |date=2006-06-06 |accessdate=11 April 2008 |archivedate=2013-02-22 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130222191034/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/opinion/view_article.php?article_id=3947 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region31 = {{flagcountry|Greece}}
 |pop31    = 6,500&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_01_0002_00061.pdf |title=Statistical Yearbook of Greece 2009 &amp; 2010 |publisher=Hellenic Statistical Authority |accessdate=2014-09-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region32 = {{flagcountry|Turkey}}
 |pop32 = 5,500&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/185635/no-filipino-casualty-in-turkey-quake-dfa|title=No Filipino casualty in Turkey quake – DFA|work=[[GMA Network|GMA News]]|date=3 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 &lt;!-- only a maximum of 32 regions are, as of 3 March 2016, are allowed by the &quot;Template:Infobox ethnic group&quot;:|region34 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
 |pop34 = 5,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/05/manila-and-moscow-inch-closer-to-labour-agreement/| title=Manila and Moscow Inch Closer to Labour Agreement | date=6 May 2012 | accessdate=2009-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region35 = {{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
 |pop35 = 4,800&lt;ref name=&quot;OPS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ops.gov.ph/indonesia2001/backgrounder.htm#THE%20FILIPINOS |title=Backgrounder: The Filipinos in Indonesia |publisher=Office of the Press Secretary |date=2001 |accessdate=7 October 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080415024743/http%3A//www.ops.gov.ph/indonesia2001/backgrounder.htm#THE%20FILIPINOS |archivedate = April 15, 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region36 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
 |pop36 = 3,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.monsterandcritics.com/news/southasia/news/article_1371134.php/Philippines_monitors_condition_of_Filipino_workers_in_Pakistan |title=Philippines monitors condition of Filipino workers in Pakistan |date=5 November 2007 |accessdate=19 December 2009 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20130826150806/http://www.monsterandcritics.com/news/southasia/news/article_1371134.php/Philippines_monitors_condition_of_Filipino_workers_in_Pakistan |archivedate=26 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region37 = {{flagcountry|Iceland}}
 |pop37   = 2,900&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_life/This_Child_is_Mine_(MAG)_0_395847.news.aspx | title= Filipinos in Iceland | publisher=Iceland Review Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |region38 = {{flagcountry|Finland}}
 |pop38    = 2,114&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.filippiinit-seura.fi/Filipinos.html | title= Filipinos in Finland | publisher=Finnish-Philippine Society co-operates with the
 migrant organizations}}&lt;/ref&gt;   --&gt;
 |languages = [[Languages of the Philippines]] ([[பிலிப்பினோ மொழி|Filipino]]/[[தகலாகு மொழி|Tagalog]], [[செபுவான மொழி|Cebuano]], [[ஹிலிகய்னொன் மொழி|Hiligaynon]], [[இலோகானோ மொழி|Ilocano]], [[Bikol languages|Bicolano]], [[சமாரேன மொழி|Waray]], [[பம்பங்க மொழி|Kapampangan]], [[பங்கசீன மொழி|Pangasinan]], other [[Philippine languages]]) and [[Philippine English|English]]
 |religions = Predominantly [[Roman Catholicism in the Philippines|Roman Catholicism]].&lt;br /&gt; Minority others are [[Islam in the Philippines|Islam]], [[Protestantism in the Philippines|Protestantism]], [[பௌத்தம்]], [[Iglesia ni Cristo]], [[Philippine mythology|Traditional and Philippine folk religions]]
 |related = [[Austronesian peoples]], with other [[Pacific Islander]]s
 }}
 '''பிலிப்பினோ மக்கள்''' அல்லது '''பிலிப்பினோ''' என்போர் தென்கிழக்காசிய நாடான [[பிலிப்பைன்சு|பிலிப்பைன்சின்]] உள்நாட்டு இனக்குழு ஆவர். 2010 ஆம் ஆண்டில் நடைபெற்ற சனத்தொகைக் கணக்கீட்டிற்கு அமைய 92,337,852 பிலிப்பினோ மக்கள் வாழ்ந்து வருகின்றனர். அத்துடன் 10-12 மில்லியன் மக்கள் புலம் பெயர்ந்து வாழ்கின்றனர்.&lt;ref name=PRB2003&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2003/RapidPopulationGrowthCrowdedCitiesPresentChallengesinthePhilippines.aspx |title=Rapid Population Growth, Crowded Cities Present Challenges in the Philippines |author=Yvette Collymore |date=June 2003 |publisher=Population Reference Bureau |quote=An estimated 10 percent of the country's population, or nearly 8,000,000 people, are overseas Filipino workers distributed in 182 countries, according to POPCOM. That is in addition to the estimated 3,000,000 migrants who work illegally abroad. |accessdate=30 June 2009 |archive-date=16 பிப்ரவரி 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216053330/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2003/RapidPopulationGrowthCrowdedCitiesPresentChallengesinthePhilippines.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 பிலிப்பைன்சில் 180 மொழிகள் பேசப்படுகின்றன, அவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவை ஆஸ்திரோனேசிய மொழிக் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்தவையாகும். [[தகலாகு மொழி|தகலாகு]] மற்றும் [[செபுவான மொழி|செபுவானா]] போன்ற மொழிகள் உள்நாட்டில் அதிகமாகப் பேசப்படுகின்றன.&lt;ref&gt;Philippine Census, 2000. Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity, Sex and Region: 2000&lt;/ref&gt; பிலிப்பினோக்களின் உத்தியோகப்பூர்வ மொழிகளாக [[பிலிப்பினோ மொழி|பிலிப்பினோ]]வும் [[ஆங்கிலம்|ஆங்கிலமும்]] ஏற்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. அதிகமான பிலிப்பினோ மக்கள் இருமொழியோ, மும்மொழியோ பேசுபவர்களாகக் காணப்படுகின்றனர்.&lt;ref name=&quot;vizconde&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Camilla J. Vizconde |year=2005 |title=Attitudes of Student Teachers towards the use of English as Language of Instruction for Science and Mathematics in the Philippines |journal=Linguistics Journal |volume=1 |issue=3 |issn=1718-2298 |url=http://www.linguistics-journal.com/November_2006_cjv.php |accessdate= |archive-date=2013-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918070737/http://www.linguistics-journal.com/November_2006_cjv.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;''The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein...''&quot; - The [[பிலிப்பீன்சு அரசியலமைப்பு]], Article XIV Section 7.&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 == பதிப்புக்கள் ==
 *{{cite journal |author=Peter Bellwood |title=The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origin of Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1991-07_265_1/page/88 |journal=Scientific American |date= July 1991 |volume=265 |pages=88–93 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0791-88 |ref=harv |issue=1}}
 *{{cite book |author=Bellwood, Peter; Fox, James; &amp; [[Darrell Tryon|Tryon, Darrell]] |title=The Austronesians: Historical and comparative perspectives |publisher=Department of Anthropology, Australian National University |year=1995 |isbn=0-7315-2132-3}}
 *{{cite journal |author=Peter Bellwood |title=Taiwan and the Prehistory of the Austronesians-speaking Peoples |journal=Review of Archaeology |year=1998 |volume=18 |pages=39–48 |ref=harv}}
 *{{cite journal |author=Peter Bellwood &amp; Alicia Sánchez-Mazas |title=Human Migrations in Continental East Asia and Taiwan: Genetic, Linguistic, and Archaeological Evidence |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-anthropology_2005-06_46_3/page/480 |journal=Current Anthropology |date=June 2005 |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=480–485 |doi=10.1086/430018 |ref=harv}}
 *{{cite journal |author=David Blundell |title=Austronesian Disperal |journal=Newsletter of Chinese Ethnology |volume=35 |pages=1–26 |ref=harv}}
 *{{cite journal |author=Robert Blust |title=The Austronesian Homeland: A Linguistic Perspective |journal=Asian Perspectives |year=1985 |volume=20 |pages=46–67 |ref=harv}}
 *{{cite web |author=Peter Fuller |title=Asia Pacific Research |publisher=Canberra, Australia: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies |year=2002 |work=Reading the Full Picture |url=http://rspas.anu.edu.au/qb/articleFile.php?searchterm=3-4-3 |accessdate=28 July 2005 |archive-date=27 செப்டம்பர் 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927085103/http://rspas.anu.edu.au/qb/articleFile.php?searchterm=3-4-3 |url-status= }}
 *{{cite web |title=Homepage of linguist Dr. Lawrence Reid |url=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~reid/ |accessdate=28 July 2005}}
 *{{cite journal |author=Malcolm Ross &amp; [[Andrew Pawley]] |title=Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-anthropology_1993_22/page/425 |journal=Annual Review of Anthropology |year=1993 |volume=22 |pages= 425–459 |doi=10.1146/annurev.an.22.100193.002233 |ref=harv}}
 *{{cite book |last=Scott |first=William Henry |authorlink=William Henry Scott (historian) |title=Prehispanic Source Materials for the study of Philippine History |publisher=New Day Publishers |year=1984 |accessdate=5 August 2008 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=bR2XAQAACAAJ
 |isbn=978-971-10-0227-5 |ref=harv}} {{ISBN|978-971-10-0226-8}}.
 *{{cite journal |author=John Edward Terrell |title=Introduction: 'Austronesia' and the great Austronesian migration |journal=World Archaeology |date=December 2004 |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=586–591 |doi=10.1080/0043824042000303764 |ref=harv}}
 *{{cite book |last=Zaide |first=Sonia M. |title=The Philippines: A Unique Nation |publisher=All-Nations Publishing |year=1999 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=otdEGQAACAAJ |ref=CITEREFZaide1994 |origyear=1994 |isbn=971-642-071-4 }}{{Dead link|date=ஆகஸ்ட் 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
 
 == உசாத்துணைகள் ==
 {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 *{{cite book |title=A history of the Spanish language |last1=Penny |first1=Ralph |last2=Penny |first2=Ralph John |edition=22nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-521-01184-6 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=ZjcrhyQlFa0C |ref=harv |postscript=}}
 
 [[பகுப்பு:பிலிப்பீன்சு]]