நபாத்தியர்
{{Infobox ethnic group
 | group            = நபாத்தியர்
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 | image            = Roman Empire 125.png
 | image_caption    =உரோமைப் பேரரசின் ([[கிபி]] 117–138) வரைபடத்தின் கீழ் பகுதியின் வலது பக்கத்தில் அரேபிய [[பெட்ரா|நபாத்திய]] மகாணம்   
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 | languages        = {{plainlist|
 * நபாத்திய அரபு மொழி (உள்ளூர் மொழி) 
 * நபாத்திய [[அரமேயம்|அரமேய மொழி]]  (வணிக &amp; அலுவல்களுக்கு) 
 }}
 | religions        = {{plainlist|
 *நபாத்தியப் பழங்குடி சமயங்கள்
 * [[கிறித்தவம்]]
 }}
 | related_groups   = [[அரேபியர்]]
 }}
 
 '''நபாத்தியர்''' (''Nabataeans or ''Nabateans''), தற்கால தெற்கு [[ஜோர்தான்]],  [[பலத்தீன் நாடு|பாலஸ்தீனப்]] பகுதிகளில் வாழ்ந்த பண்டைய [[அரேபியர்]] ஆவர்.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Bowersock|first1=Glen Warren|title=Roman Arabia|date=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674777569|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4NBigJ3NF4C&amp;pg=PA12|page=12 |language=en|quote=In the reign of Caesar Augustus, towards the end of the first century B.C., the extensive territory of what was to become Roman Arabia comprised the Arab kingdom of the Nabataeans. At that pivotal time in the fortunes of Rome, these Arabs had achieved both a high culture and a powerful monopoly of the traffic in perfume and spices.}} {{Cite book |last=Healey |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6i_EAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA216 |title=Law and Religion between Petra and Edessa: Studies in Aramaic Epigraphy on the Roman Frontier |date=2023-05-31 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-1-000-94209-5 |pages=216 |language=en |quote=The Nabatean people are in fact of rather obscure origin. The earliest settlements were in southern Jordan and Palestine, though it is likely that they came ultimately from the east, possibly from the marginal regions to the north of modern Saudi Arabia. Others would see their origins in the Hijāz or Gulf areas. The Greek writers who mention these people (including well-informed authorities like Josephus, who wrote in the 1st century A.D. and knew the area well) frequently call them Arabs. In view of this fact and the clear evidence of Arabic influence in the Nabateans' language, personal names and religion, we can be virtually certain that they were originally a nomadic Arab group who had gradually settled to form a state. This background is reflected in the Greek sources which say that the Nabateans did not build houses originally or drink wine and that they reared sheep and camels.}} {{Cite book |last=Schürer |first=Emil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbyFBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA57 |title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: |last2=Millar |first2=Fergus |last3=Vermes |first3=Geza |date=2015-03-26 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-0-567-50161-5 |pages=57 |language=en |quote=On the other hand, they are repeatedly spoken of as Arabs by ancient writers, not only by those remote from them in time, but also by Josephus, to whom the distinction between Syrians and Arabs must have been quite familiar. In addition, the names on the inscriptions are Arabic throughout. It has therefore been concluded that they were Arabs who, because Arabic had not yet developed into a written language, made use of Aramaic.}} {{cite book |last1=Stokes |first1=Jamie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&amp;pg=PA483 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East |date=2009 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=9781438126760 |publication-date=2009 |pages=483 |language=en |quote=The Nabateans were a nomadic Arab people who migrated in the sixth century B.C.E. from the northern area of modern-day Jordan to the region south of the Dead Sea that was to become the heartland of their sedentary civilization.}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bowersock |first1=Glen Warren |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4NBigJ3NF4C&amp;pg=PA12 |title=Roman Arabia |date=1994 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674777569 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; இவர்களது பெரும்பாலான குடியிருப்புகள் தற்கால [[பெட்ரா]] நகரத்தில் இருந்தது.&lt;ref name=&quot;livius2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nabataeans |url=https://www.livius.org/articles/people/nabataeans/ |access-date=August 31, 2015 |work=livius.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 [[கிமு]] 4ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் இரண்டாம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை நபாத்தியர்களின் '''நபாத்திய  இராச்சியம்''' இருந்தது.&lt;ref name=&quot;Taylor, Jane 2001 pp. 14, 17&quot;&gt;Taylor, Jane (2001). ''Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans''. London: [[I.B.Tauris]]. pp. 14, 17, 30, 31. {{ISBN|9781860645082}}. Retrieved 8 July 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;நபாத்திய இராச்சியத்தின் தலைநகரம் [[பெட்ரா]] நகரம் ஆகும்.நபாத்திய இராச்சியத்தினர் [[பண்டைய அண்மை கிழக்கு|பண்டைய அண்மை கிழக்கில்]] நடைபெற்ற வணிகப் பாதைகளை கட்டுக்குள் கொண்டு வந்தனர். துவக்கத்தில் பழங்குடி சமயங்களை பின்பற்றிய நபாத்தியர்கள் [[பைசாந்தியப் பேரரசு]]  காலத்தில் கிறித்தவர்களாக மதம் மாற்றப்பட்டனர். 
 
 கிபி 106ல் [[உரோமைப் பேரரசு|உரோமைப் பேரரசர்]] [[திராயான்|டிராஜன்]] நபாத்தியர்களை வென்று அவர்களது இராச்சியத்தை உரோமைப் பேரரசுடன் இணைத்தார். [[பைசாந்தியப் பேரரசு]] காலத்தில் பழங்குடி நபாத்தியர்களை கிறிஸ்தவ சமயத்திற்கு மாற்றப்பட்டனர்.&lt;ref name=&quot;lost kingdom&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Taylor, Jane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FcAoBq4_EnEC |title=Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans |publisher=[[I.B.Tauris]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-86064-508-2 |location=London, United Kingdom |pages=centerfold, 14 |quote=&quot;The Nabataean Arabs, one of the most gifted peoples of the ancient world, are today known only for their hauntingly beautiful rock-carved capital — Petra.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Jane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8nfiAAAAMAAJ |title=Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans |date=2002 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-00849-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Grant |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZTik-9_TpUC&amp;dq=nabateans+%22gifted+people%22&amp;pg=PT35 |title=Jews In The Roman World |date=2011-12-30 |publisher=Orion |isbn=978-1-78022-281-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; இசுலாமின் எழுச்சிக்குப் பின்னர் நபாத்தியர்கள் இசுலாமிய சமயத்திற்கு மாற்றப்பட்டனர்.
 
 
 {{multiple image |align=right |direction=vertical |width=
  |image1=Petra Jordan BW 22.JPG |caption1= அல்-கசானா, [[பெட்ரா]], [[ஜோர்தான்]] 
  |image2=The Monastery, Petra, Jordan8.jpg |caption2=அட் தேய்ர், [[பெட்ரா]], [[ஜோர்தான்]] 
  |image3=Avdat-v.jpg |caption3=அவதாத், [[இஸ்ரேல்]] 
 }}
 
 ==மேற்கோள்கள்==
 {{Reflist}}
 
 ==ஆதாரம்==
 {{refbegin}}
 * {{cite book |last=Ephʿal |first=Israel |author-link= |date=1984 |title=The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 9th-5th Centuries B.C. |location=[[Jerusalem]] |publisher=Magnes Press, [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem|Hebrew University]] |isbn=978-0-685-74243-3}}
 * {{cite book|last=Graf|first=David F.|title=Rome and the Arabian Frontier: From the Nabataeans to the Saracens |url=https://archive.org/details/romearabianfront0000graf|year=1997 |publisher=Ashgate |location=Aldershot |isbn=978-0-86078-658-0}}
 * Healey, John F., ''The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus'' (Leiden, Brill, 2001) (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 136).
 * {{cite book|last=Krasnov|first=Boris R.|title=The Makhteshim Country: A Laboratory of Nature: Geological and Ecological Studies in the Desert Region of Israel |year=2001 |publisher=Pensoft |location=Sofia |isbn=978-954-642-135-7 |author2=Mazor, Emanuel}}
 * {{cite book |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lipiński (orientalist) |date=2000 |title=The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion |series=Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta |volume=100 |publisher=[[Peeters Publishers]] |location=[[Leuven]], [[Belgium]] |pages=448–450 |isbn=9789042908598 }}
 * &quot;Nabat&quot;, ''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Volume VII.
 * {{cite book|last=Negev|first=Avraham|title=Nabatean Archaeology Today|year=1986|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8147-5760-4|series=Hagop Kevorkian Series on Near Eastern Art and Civilization|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/nabateanarchaeol0000nege}}
 * {{cite book| editor1-last= MacDonald|editor1-first =Burton|editor2-last =Adams|editor2-first =Russell|editor3-last =Bienkowski|editor3-first =Piotr |title=The Archaeology of Jordan|year=2001|publisher=Sheffield Academic Press|chapter=The Nabataeans: Travellers between Lifestyles|location=Sheffield, England|isbn=978-1-84127-136-1|last=Schmid|first=Stephan G.|pages=367–426}}
 {{refend}}
 
 ==வெளி இணைப்புகள்==
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140824040018/http://mushecht.haifa.ac.il/michmanim/CatalogMenu_eng.aspx?id=30 Hecht Museum - Catalogues | The Nabateans in the Negev]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181120110215/http://mushecht.haifa.ac.il/archeology/ExhibitionC_eng.aspx?id=9 Hecht Museum - Exhibitions | The Nabateans in the Negev]
 * [http://www.auac.ch/bns/bulletin/bulletin.html ''The Bulletin of Nabataean Studies'' online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009231644/http://www.auac.ch/bns/bulletin/bulletin.html |date=2014-10-09 }}—links on Petra and the Nabataeans
 * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=6&amp;letter=N NABATÆANS in the ''Jewish Encyclopedia'']
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928014730/http://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/Search/CollectionResults.aspx?SearchString=Nabataean&amp;Field=SearchAll Cincinnati Art Museum]—the only collection of ancient Nabataean art outside of Jordan
 * [http://www.mnemotrix.com/adasr/arch.html Archaeological Studies]—Ancient Desert Agriculture Systems Revived (ADASR)
 * [http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/cmc/petra/petra1e.shtml Petra: Lost City of Stone Exhibition]—Canadian Museum of Civilization
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090816192721/http://www.bib-arch.org/e-features/petra.asp &quot;Solving the Enigma of Petra and the Nabataeans&quot;], ''Biblical Archaeology Review''
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101124204625/http://www.petracrown.net/petra-city/170-nabataeans-nation-civilization.html Nabataeans a nation civilization]—Petra Crown
 * [https://edoc.unibas.ch/15693/9/NTOA_51.pdf Quellen zur Geschichte der Nabatäer]—Ursula Hackl, Hanna Jenni, and Christoph Schneider