Module:Nihongo
require('strict');
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ M E S S A G E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------
 
 error messaging; keys to this table are the template base names:
 	'nihongo', 'nihongo3', 'nihongo krt', 'nihongo foot' → 'nihongo' etc
 
 ]]
 
 local err_msg = {
 	['nihongo'] = 'Japanese or romaji text required',
 	['hanyu'] = 'Chinese or pinyin text required',
 	}
 
 local err_cat = {
 	['nihongo'] = '[[Category:Nihongo template errors]]',
 	['hanyu'] = '[[Category:Hanyu template errors]]',
 	}
 
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; C O N F I G U R A T I O N &gt;----------------------------------------------------
 
 configuration setting for the various templates.  keys to this table are the template names without spacing
 
 ]]
 
 local cfg = {
 	['nihongo'] = {
 		tag = 'ja',
 		system = 'hepburn',
 		system_link = '[[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]',
 		err_msg = err_msg.nihongo,
 		err_cat = err_cat.nihongo,
 		},
 	['nihongo3'] = {
 		tag = 'ja',
 		system = 'hepburn',
 		err_msg = err_msg.nihongo,
 		err_cat = err_cat.nihongo,
 		},
 	['nihongo krt'] = {
 		tag = 'ja',
 		system = 'hepburn',
 		err_msg = err_msg.nihongo,
 		err_cat = err_cat.nihongo,
 		},
 	['nihongo foot'] = {
 		tag = 'ja',
 		system = 'hepburn',
 		system_link = '[[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]',
 		err_msg = err_msg.nihongo,
 		err_cat = err_cat.nihongo,
 		},
 	['hanyu'] = {
 		tag = 'zh',
 		system = 'pinyin',
 		system_link = '[[Pinyin]]',
 		err_msg = err_msg.hanyu,
 		err_cat = err_cat.hanyu,
 		},
 	['hanyu3'] = {
 		tag = 'zh',
 		system = 'pinyin',
 		err_msg = err_msg.hanyu,
 		err_cat = err_cat.hanyu,
 		},
 	['hanyu hrt'] = {
 		tag = 'zh',
 		system = 'pinyin',
 		err_msg = err_msg.hanyu,
 		err_cat = err_cat.hanyu,
 		},
 	['hanyu foot'] = {
 		tag = 'zh',
 		system = 'pinyin',
 		system_link = '[[Pinyin]]',
 		err_msg = err_msg.hanyu,
 		err_cat = err_cat.hanyu,
 		},
 	}
 
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ M E S S A G E &gt;----------------------------------------------------
 
 Creates an error message for {{nihongo}}, {{nihongo3}}, {{nihongo krt}}, and {{nihongo foot}} when these template are missing &lt;japanese&gt;
 or &lt;romaji&gt; inputs; names the offending template, links to template page, and adds article to Category:Nihongo template errors
 
 ]]
 
 local function error_message (template)
 	local msg = {'&lt;span class=&quot;error&quot; style=&quot;font-size:100%&quot;&gt;error: {{'};
 	table.insert (msg, template);
 	table.insert (msg, '}}: ');
 	table.insert (msg, cfg[template].err_msg);
 	table.insert (msg, ' ([[Template:');
 	table.insert (msg, template);
 	table.insert (msg, '|help]])&lt;/span&gt;');
 	if 0 == mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace then
 		table.insert (msg, cfg[template].err_cat);
 	end
 
 	return table.concat (msg);	
 end
 
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; R E N D E R E R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Shared support function for nihingo(), nihongo3(), and nihongo_foot().  Calculates an index into formatting{}
 from set/unset parameters:
 	args[1] (english text) has a value of 8 (set) or 0 (unset)
 	args[2] (native text) has a value of 4
 	args[3] (romanized text) has a value of 2
 	args[4] (extra) has a value of 1
 index, the sum of these values, gets the appropriate format string from formatting{} table with associated values
 from the formatting[index][2] table
 
 ]]
 
 local function renderer (args, formatting, extra2)
 	local output;
 	local index = 0;															-- index into formatting{}
 	local param_weight = {8, 4, 2, 1};											-- binary parameter weights: [1] = english (8), [2] = japanese (4), [3] = romaji (2), [4] = extra (1)
 
 	for i=1, 5 do																-- spin through args[1] – args[4]
 		index = index + (args[i] and param_weight[i] or 0);						-- calculate an index into formatting{}
 	end
 
 	output = (0 ~= index) and string.format (formatting[index][1] and formatting[index][1], formatting[index][2][1], formatting[index][2][2], formatting[index][2][3], formatting[index][2][4]) or nil;
 
 	if extra2 then																-- always just attached to the end (if there is an end) so not part of formatting{}
 		output = output and (output .. ' ' .. extra2) or '&lt;5p4n&gt;' .. extra2;	-- &lt;5p4n&gt; and &lt;/5p4n&gt;: place holders for font-weight style spans; akin to stripmarkers, to be replaced
 	end																			-- (nihongo and nihongo3) or removed (nihongo foot)
 
 	return output and (output .. '&lt;/5p4n&gt;') or '';								-- where there is output, add secret tag close
 end
 
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; R O M A N I Z E D _ K E R N &gt;--------------------------------------------------
 
 Add kerning when first or last character of romanized text contacts adjacent opening or closing paranthesis
 
 In this example, without kerning, the romanized characters 'j' and 'V' are italicized so will contact the parentheses
 	(&lt;i lang=\&quot;ja-Latn\&quot; title=\&quot;Hepburn transliteration\&quot;&gt;jV&lt;/i&gt;)
 
 &lt;ret_string&gt; is the formatted template output (except that the magic string '&lt;5p4n&gt;' has not yet been replaced)
 &lt;romanized&gt; is the return from lang_module._transl() so is not wrapped in parentheses
 
 ]]
 
 local function romanized_kern (ret_string, romanized)
 	if not romanized or ('' == romanized) then									-- if romanized not set
 		return ret_string;														-- then we're done
 	end
 
 	local romanized_text = romanized:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', ''):gsub ('\'\'+', ''):gsub ('%[%[', ''):gsub ('%]%]', '');	-- strip html tags
 
 	romanized = romanized:gsub ('([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])', '%%%1');				-- escape lua pattern characters
 
 	local romanized_has_leading_paren = ret_string:match ('%(' .. romanized);			-- has a value if (&lt;romanized&gt;; nil else
 	local romanized_has_trailing_paren = ret_string:match (romanized .. '%)');		-- has a value if &lt;romanized&gt;); nil else
 
 	local kern_lead_pattern = '^[jpy]';											-- list of characters that when italicized contact unitalicized leading parenthesis
 	local kern_tail_pattern = '[dfijkltCEFHIJKMNPR-Z\'&quot;%?!%]]$';				-- list of characters that when italicized contact unitalicized trailing parenthesis
 
 	local kern_right = '&lt;span style=&quot;margin-right:.09em&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;%1';			-- %1 is &lt;romanized&gt; capture
 	local kern_left = '%1&lt;span style=&quot;margin-left:.09em&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;';				-- %1 is &lt;romanized&gt; capture
 
 	if romanized_has_leading_paren and romanized_text:match (kern_lead_pattern) then
 		ret_string = ret_string:gsub ('%((' .. romanized .. ')', kern_right);		-- replace plain '(' with kerned '('; &lt;romanized&gt; included here to ensure that the correct '(' is kerned
 	end
 	if romanized_has_trailing_paren and romanized_text:match (kern_tail_pattern) then
 		ret_string = ret_string:gsub ('(' .. romanized .. ')%)', kern_left);		-- replace plain ')' with kerned ')'; &lt;romanized&gt; included here to ensure that the correct ')' is kerned
 	end
 
 	return ret_string;															-- done
 end
 
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; C O M M O N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Common support for {{nihongo}} and {{hanyu}}
 
 render order: is translated (English), native, romanized
 
 &lt;template&gt; is used to select the appropriate cfg table
 
 ]]
 
 local function common (frame, template)
 	local lang_module = require ('Module:Lang' .. (frame:getTitle():match ('/sandbox') or ''));	-- if this module is the sandbox, use Module:lang/sandbox; Module:Lang else
 
 	local args = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame);
 	
 	local english, native, romanized, extra, extra2 = args[1], args[2], args[3], args.extra or args[4], args.extra2 or args[5];	-- meaningful names
 	args[4] = extra or args[4];													-- ensure that extra is 'positional' for use by renderer()
 
 	local lead = 'yes' == args.lead;											-- make boolean
 
 	if not (native or romanized) then											-- not present, return an error message
 		return error_message (template);
 	end
 	if native then
 		native = lead and lang_module._lang_xx_inherit ({['code']=cfg[template].tag, native, ['template']=template}) or lang_module._lang ({cfg[template].tag, native, ['template']=template});	-- add ja script with/without language prefix
 	end
 	if romanized then
 		romanized = (lead and english and (cfg[template].system_link .. ': ') or '') .. lang_module._transl ({'ja', cfg[template].system, romanized}) or nil;
 	end
 
 	local formatting = {														-- &lt;5p4n&gt; and &lt;/5p4n&gt;: place holders for font-weight style spans; akin to stripmarkers, replaced  before function returns
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;(%s)', {extra}}, 												-- 1 - (extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt;', {romanized}},												-- 2 - romanized
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {romanized, extra}},									-- 3 - romanized (extra)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;(%s)', {native}},												-- 4 - native
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;(%s, %s)', {native, extra}},									-- 5 - (native, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {romanized, native}},									-- 6 - romanized (native)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {romanized, native, extra}},						-- 7 - romanized (native, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt;', {english}},												-- 8 - english
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {english, extra}},									-- 9 - english (extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {english, romanized}},								-- 10 - english (romanized)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {english, romanized, extra}},						-- 11 - english (romanized, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {english, native}},									-- 12 - english (native)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {english, native, extra}},						-- 13 - english (native, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {english, native, romanized}},					-- 14 - english (native, romanized)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s, %s)', {english, native, romanized, extra}},			-- 15 - english (native, romanized, extra)
 		}
 
 	local ret_string = renderer (args, formatting, extra2)
 	ret_string = romanized_kern (ret_string, romanized);						-- kern romanized text when appropriate
 	ret_string = ret_string:gsub ('&lt;5p4n&gt;', '&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;'):gsub ('&lt;/5p4n&gt;', '&lt;/span&gt;');	-- replace 'secret' tags with proper tags
 
 	return ret_string;															-- because gsub returns the number of replacements made as second return value
 end
 
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; C O M M O N _ R O M A N I Z E D _ N A T I V E _ T R A N S L A T E D &gt;----------
 
 Common support for {{nihongo3}} and {{hanyu3}}
 
 render order: is romanized, native, translated (English)
 
 &lt;template&gt; is used to select the appropriate cfg table
 
 ]]
 
 local function common_romanized_native_translated (frame, template)
 	local lang_module = require ('Module:Lang' .. (frame:getTitle():match ('/sandbox') or ''));	-- if this module is the sandbox, use Module:lang/sandbox; Module:Lang else
 	local args = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame);
 	
 	local english, native, romanized, extra, extra2 = args[1], args[2], args[3], args.extra or args[4], args.extra2 or args[5];	-- meaningful names
 	args[4] = extra or args[4];													-- ensure that extra is 'positional' for use by renderer()
 
 	if not (native or romanized) then											-- not present, return an error message
 		return error_message (template);
 	end
 	native = native and lang_module._lang ({cfg[template].tag, native}) or nil;
 	romanized = romanized and lang_module._transl ({cfg[template].tag, cfg[template].system, romanized}) or nil;
 	
 	local formatting = {														-- &lt;5p4n&gt; and &lt;/5p4n&gt;: place holders for font-weight style spans; akin to stripmarkers, replaced  before function returns
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;(%s)', {extra}}, 												-- 1 - (extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt;', {romanized}},												-- 2 - romanized
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {romanized, extra}},									-- 3 - romanized (extra)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;(%s)', {native}},												-- 4 - native
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;(%s, %s)', {native, extra}},									-- 5 - (native, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {romanized, native}},									-- 6 - romanized (native)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {romanized, native, extra}},						-- 7 - romanized (native, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt;', {english}},												-- 8 - english
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {english, extra}},									-- 9 - english (extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {romanized, english}},								-- 10 - romanized (english)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {romanized, english, extra}},						-- 11 - romanized (english, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {english, native}},									-- 12 - english (native)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {english, native, extra}},						-- 13 - english (native, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {romanized, native, english}},					-- 14 - romanized (native, english)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s, %s)', {romanized, native, english, extra}},			-- 15 - romanized (native, english, extra)
 		}
 
 	local ret_string = renderer (args, formatting, extra2)
 	ret_string = ret_string:gsub ('&lt;5p4n&gt;', '&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;'):gsub ('&lt;/5p4n&gt;', '&lt;/span&gt;');	-- replace 'secret' tags with proper tags
 	return ret_string;															-- because gsub returns the number of replacements made as second return value
 end
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; C O M M O N _ N A T I V E _ R O M A N I Z E D _ T R A N S L A T E D &gt;----------
 
 Common support for {{nihongo krt}} and {{hanyu krt}}
 
 render order: is native, romanized, translated (English)
 
 &lt;template&gt; is used to select the appropriate cfg table
 
 ]]
 
 local function common_native_romanized_translated (frame, template)
 	local lang_module = require ('Module:Lang' .. (frame:getTitle():match ('/sandbox') or ''));	-- if this module is the sandbox, use Module:lang/sandbox; Module:Lang else
 	local args = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame);
 	
 	local english, native, romanized, extra, extra2 = args[1], args[2], args[3], args.extra or args[4], args.extra2 or args[5];	-- meaningful names
 	args[4] = extra or args[4];													-- ensure that extra is 'positional' for use by renderer()
 
 	if not (native or romanized) then											-- not present, return an error message
 		return error_message (template);
 	end
 	native = native and lang_module._lang ({cfg[template].tag, native}) or nil;
 	romanized = romanized and lang_module._transl ({cfg[template].tag, cfg[template].system, romanized}) or nil;
 	
 	local formatting = {														-- &lt;5p4n&gt; and &lt;/5p4n&gt;: place holders for font-weight style spans; akin to stripmarkers, replaced  before function returns
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;(%s)', {extra}}, 												-- 1 - (extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt;', {romanized}},												-- 2 - romanized
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {romanized, extra}},									-- 3 - romanized (extra)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;%s', {native}},													-- 4 - native
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;%s (%s)', {native, extra}},										-- 5 - native (extra)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;%s (%s)', {native, romanized}},									-- 6 - native (romanized)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;%s (%s, %s)', {native, romanized, extra}},						-- 7 - native (romanized, extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt;', {english}},												-- 8 - english
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {english, extra}},									-- 9 - english (extra)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s)', {romanized, english}},								-- 10 - romanized (english)
 		{'%s&lt;5p4n&gt; (%s, %s)', {romanized, english, extra}},						-- 11 - romanized (english, extra)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;%s (%s)', {native, english}},									-- 12 - native (english)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;%s (%s, %s)', {native, english, extra}},						-- 13 - native (english, extra)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;%s (%s, %s)', {native, romanized, english}},						-- 14 - native (romanized, english)
 		{'&lt;5p4n&gt;%s (%s, %s, %s)', {native, romanized, english, extra}},			-- 15 - native (romanized, english, extra)
 		}
 
 	local ret_string = renderer (args, formatting, extra2)
 	ret_string = romanized_kern (ret_string, romanized);						-- kern romanized text when appropriate
 	ret_string = ret_string:gsub ('&lt;5p4n&gt;', '&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;'):gsub ('&lt;/5p4n&gt;', '&lt;/span&gt;');	-- replace 'secret' tags with proper tags
 	return ret_string;															-- because gsub returns the number of replacements made as second return value
 end
 
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; C O M M O N _ F O O T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------
 
 Common support for {{nihongo foot}} and {{hanyu foot}}
 
 render order: is English&lt;ref&gt;native, romanized&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 &lt;template&gt; is used to select the appropriate cfg table
 
 ]]
 
 local function common_foot (frame, template)
 	local lang_module = require ('Module:Lang' .. (frame:getTitle():match ('/sandbox') or ''));	-- if this module is the sandbox, use Module:lang/sandbox; Module:Lang else
 	local args = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame);
 	
 	local english, native, romanized, extra, extra2 = args[1], args[2], args[3], args.extra or args[4], args.extra2 or args[5];	-- meaningful names
 	args[4] = extra or args[4];													-- ensure that extra is 'positional' for use by renderer()
 	local post = args[6] or args.post;
 	local group = args.group;
 	local ref_name = args.ref_name
 	local lead = 'yes' == args.lead;											-- make boolean
 
 	if not (native or romanized) then											-- not present, return an error message
 		return error_message (template);
 	end
 	if native then
 		native = lead and lang_module._lang_xx_inherit ({['code']=cfg[template].tag, native}) or lang_module._lang ({cfg[template].tag, native});	-- add ja script with/without language prefix
 	end
 	if romanized then
 		romanized = (lead and (cfg[template].system_link .. ': ') or '') .. lang_module._transl ({'ja', cfg[template].system, romanized}) or nil;
 	end
 	
 	local formatting = {
 		{'%s', {extra}}, 														-- 1 - extra
 		{'%s', {romanized}},													-- 2 - romanized
 		{'%s, %s', {romanized, extra}},											-- 3 - romanized, extra
 		{'%s', {native}},														-- 4 - native
 		{'%s, %s', {native, extra}},											-- 5 - native, extra
 		{'%s, %s', {native, romanized}},										-- 6 - native romanized
 		{'%s, %s, %s', {native, romanized, extra}},								-- 7 - native romanized, extra
 																				-- from here english is used in the mapping but not rendered by renderer so not included in the table
 		{'', {''}},																-- 8 - english
 		{'%s', {extra}},														-- 9 - extra
 		{'%s', {romanized}},													-- 10 - romanized
 		{'%s, %s', {romanized, extra}},											-- 11 - romanized, extra
 		{'%s', {native}},														-- 12 - native
 		{'%s, %s', {native, extra}},											-- 13 - native, extra
 		{'%s, %s', {native, romanized}},										-- 14 - native romanized
 		{'%s, %s, %s', {native, romanized, extra}},								-- 15 - native romanized, extra
 		}
 
 	if english and post then													-- rewrite english to include |post=
 		english = english .. post;												-- if english has a value append post else just post
 	elseif post then
 		english = post;															-- english not set, use post
 	elseif not english then														-- neither are set
 		english = '';															-- make english an empty string for concatenation
 	end
 
 	if native or romanized or extra or extra2 then								-- no ref tag when none of these are set (it would be empty)
 		local content = renderer (args, formatting, extra2);
 		content = content:gsub ('&lt;5p4n&gt;', ''):gsub ('&lt;/5p4n&gt;$', '', 1);			-- strip secret &lt;5p4n&gt; and &lt;/5p4n&gt; tags added by renderer(); spans not used by this template
 
 		if english:match ('\'\'+$') then										-- if &lt;english&gt; is italic, bold, or both
 			local text = english:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', ''):gsub ('\'\'+', ''):gsub ('%[%[', ''):gsub ('%]%]', '');	-- strip markup
 			if text:match ('[dfijkltCEFHIJKMNPR-Z\'&quot;%?!%]]$') then				-- when &lt;english&gt; ends with one of these characters
 				english =  '&lt;span style=&quot;margin-right:.09em&quot;&gt;' .. english .. '&lt;/span&gt;';	-- add kerning
 			end
 		end
 
 		return english .. frame:extensionTag ({name='ref', args={group=group, name=ref_name}, content=content});	-- english with attached reference tag
 	else
 		return english;															-- nothing to be inside ref tag so just return english
 	end
 end
 
 
 --[=[-------------------------&lt; N I H O N G O &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Implement {{nihongo}} using Module:Lang for language and transliteration markup
 
 {{Nihongo|&lt;English&gt;|&lt;japanese&gt;|&lt;romaji&gt;|&lt;extra&gt;|&lt;extra2&gt;|lead=yes}}
 
 &lt;English&gt;, &lt;japanese&gt;, and &lt;romaji&gt; are positional parameters
 	&lt;English&gt;: rendered as presented; purports to be English translation of &lt;kanji/kana&gt;
 	&lt;japanese&gt;: Japanese language text using Japanese script; TODO: require?
 	&lt;romaji&gt;: Hepburn romanization (transliteration); TODO: in Module:Lang/data change tooltip text to 'Hepburn romanization'?
 &lt;extra&gt; and &lt;extra2&gt; are positional or named: |extra= and |extra2=; mixing can be problematic
 	&lt;extra&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
 	&lt;extra2&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;space&gt;
 |lead=: takes one value 'yes'; renders language name same as {{lang-ja}} but also adds [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]:&lt;space&gt; ahead of the romanization; TODO: in Module:Lang, turnoff tooltip for transl when |lead=yes
 
 ]=]
 
 local function nihongo (frame)
 	return common (frame, 'nihongo')
 end
 
 
 --[=[-------------------------&lt; N I H O N G O 3 &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Implement {{nihongo3}} using Module:Lang for language and transliteration markup
 
 Similar to {{nihongo}} but changes rendered order and does not support |lead=
 
 {{Nihongo3|&lt;English&gt;|&lt;japanese&gt;|&lt;romaji&gt;|&lt;extra&gt;|&lt;extra2&gt;}}
 
 &lt;English&gt;, &lt;japanese&gt;, and &lt;romaji&gt; are positional parameters
 	&lt;English&gt;: rendered as presented; purports to be English translation of &lt;kanji/kana&gt;
 	&lt;japanese&gt;: Japanese language text using Japanese script; TODO: require?
 	&lt;romaji&gt;: Hepburn romanization (transliteration); TODO: in Module:Lang/data change tooltip text to 'Hepburn romanization'?
 &lt;extra&gt; and &lt;extra2&gt; are positional or named: |extra= and |extra2=; mixing can be problematic
 	&lt;extra&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
 	&lt;extra2&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;space&gt;
 
 ]=]
 
 local function nihongo3 (frame)
 	return common_romanized_native_translated (frame, 'nihongo3')
 end
 
 
 --[=[-------------------------&lt; N I H O N G O _ K R T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------
 
 Implement {{nihongo krt}} using Module:Lang for language and transliteration markup
 
 Similar to {{nihongo}} but changes rendered order and does not support |lead=
 
 {{Nihongo krt|&lt;English&gt;|&lt;japanese&gt;|&lt;romaji&gt;|&lt;extra&gt;|&lt;extra2&gt;}}
 
 &lt;English&gt;, &lt;japanese&gt;, and &lt;romaji&gt; are positional parameters
 	&lt;English&gt;: rendered as presented; purports to be English translation of &lt;kanji/kana&gt;
 	&lt;japanese&gt;: Japanese language text using Japanese script; TODO: require?
 	&lt;romaji&gt;: Hepburn romanization (transliteration); TODO: in Module:Lang/data change tooltip text to 'Hepburn romanization'?
 	&lt;extra&gt; and &lt;extra2&gt; are positional or named: |extra= and |extra2=; mixing can be problematic
 	&lt;extra&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
 	&lt;extra2&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;space&gt;
 
 ]=]
 
 local function nihongo_krt (frame)
 	return common_native_romanized_translated (frame, 'nihongo krt')
 end
 
 
 --[=[-------------------------&lt; N I H O N G O _ F O O T &gt;------------------------------------------------------
 
 Implement {{nihongo_foot}} using Module:Lang for language and transliteration markup
 
 {{Nihongo foot|&lt;English&gt;|&lt;japanese&gt;|&lt;romaji&gt;|&lt;extra&gt;|&lt;extra2&gt;|&lt;post&gt;|lead=yes|group}}
 
 &lt;English&gt;, &lt;japanese&gt;, and &lt;romaji&gt; are positional parameters
 	&lt;English&gt;: rendered as presented; purports to be English translation of &lt;kanji/kana&gt;
 	&lt;japanese&gt;: Japanese language text using Japanese script; TODO: require?
 	&lt;romaji&gt;: Hepburn romanization (transliteration); TODO: in Module:Lang/data change tooltip text to 'Hepburn romanization'?
 &lt;extra&gt; and &lt;extra2&gt; are positional or named: |extra= and |extra2=; mixing can be problematic
 	&lt;extra&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
 	&lt;extra2&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;space&gt;
 &lt;post&gt; is positional or named: |post= is a postscript character preceding the &lt;ref&gt;..&lt;/ref&gt; tag (after &lt;English&gt;)
 |lead=: takes one value 'yes'; renders language name same as {{lang-ja}} but also adds [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]:&lt;space&gt; ahead of the romanization;
 	TODO: in Module:Lang, turnoff tooltip for transl when |lead=yes
 	in the live template |lead= also adds the Help:Installing Japanese character sets link; this is not supported in this code (nihongo nor nihongo3 have this support)
 |group=: the group attribute in &lt;ref group=&quot;...&quot;&gt; and in {{reflist}}
 
 ]=]
 
 local function nihongo_foot (frame)
 	return common_foot (frame, 'nihongo foot')
 end
 
 
 --[=[-------------------------&lt; H A N Y U &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Implement {{hanyu}} using Module:Lang for language and transliteration markup
 
 {{hanyu|&lt;English&gt;|&lt;chinese&gt;|&lt;pinyin&gt;|&lt;extra&gt;|&lt;extra2&gt;|lead=yes}}
 
 &lt;English&gt;, &lt;chinese&gt;, and &lt;pinyin&gt; are positional parameters
 	&lt;English&gt;: rendered as presented; purports to be English translation of &lt;kanji/kana&gt;
 	&lt;chinese&gt;: Chinese language text using Chinese script; TODO: require?
 	&lt;pinyin&gt;: Pinyin romanization (transliteration); TODO: in Module:Lang/data change tooltip text to 'Pinyin romanization'?
 &lt;extra&gt; and &lt;extra2&gt; are positional or named: |extra= and |extra2=; mixing can be problematic
 	&lt;extra&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
 	&lt;extra2&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;space&gt;
 |lead=: takes one value 'yes'; renders language name same as {{lang-zh}} but also adds [[Pinyin]]:&lt;space&gt; ahead of the romanization; TODO: in Module:Lang, turnoff tooltip for transl when |lead=yes
 
 ]=]
 
 local function hanyu (frame)
 	return common (frame, 'hanyu')
 end
 
 
 --[=[-------------------------&lt; H A N Y U 3 &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Implement {{hanyu3}} using Module:Lang for language and transliteration markup
 
 Similar to {{hanyu}} but changes rendered order and does not support |lead=
 
 {{hanyu3|&lt;English&gt;|&lt;chinese&gt;|&lt;pinyin&gt;|&lt;extra&gt;|&lt;extra2&gt;}}
 
 &lt;English&gt;, &lt;chinese&gt;, and &lt;pinyin&gt; are positional parameters
 	&lt;English&gt;: rendered as presented; purports to be English translation of &lt;kanji/kana&gt;
 	&lt;chinese&gt;: Chinese language text using Chinese script; TODO: require?
 	&lt;pinyin&gt;: Pinyin romanization (transliteration); TODO: in Module:Lang/data change tooltip text to 'Pinyin romanization'?
 &lt;extra&gt; and &lt;extra2&gt; are positional or named: |extra= and |extra2=; mixing can be problematic
 	&lt;extra&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
 	&lt;extra2&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;space&gt;
 
 ]=]
 
 local function hanyu3 (frame)
 	return common_romanized_native_translated (frame, 'hanyu3')
 end
 
 
 --[=[-------------------------&lt; H A N Y U _ H R T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Implement {{hanyu hrt}} using Module:Lang for language and transliteration markup
 
 Similar to {{hanyu}} but changes rendered order and does not support |lead=
 
 {{hanyu krt|&lt;English&gt;|&lt;chinese&gt;|&lt;pinyin&gt;|&lt;extra&gt;|&lt;extra2&gt;}}
 
 &lt;English&gt;, &lt;chinese&gt;, and &lt;pinyin&gt; are positional parameters
 	&lt;English&gt;: rendered as presented; purports to be English translation of &lt;kanji/kana&gt;
 	&lt;chinese&gt;: Chinese language text using Chinese script; TODO: require?
 	&lt;pinyin&gt;: Pinyin romanization (transliteration); TODO: in Module:Lang/data change tooltip text to 'Pinyin romanization'?
 	&lt;extra&gt; and &lt;extra2&gt; are positional or named: |extra= and |extra2=; mixing can be problematic
 	&lt;extra&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
 	&lt;extra2&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;space&gt;
 
 ]=]
 
 local function hanyu_hrt (frame)
 	return common_native_romanized_translated (frame, 'hanyu hrt')
 end
 
 
 --[=[-------------------------&lt; H A N Y U _ F O O T &gt;----------------------------------------------------------
 
 Implement {{hanyu_foot}} using Module:Lang for language and transliteration markup
 
 {{hanyu foot|&lt;English&gt;|&lt;chinese&gt;|&lt;pinyin&gt;|&lt;extra&gt;|&lt;extra2&gt;|&lt;post&gt;|lead=yes|group}}
 
 &lt;English&gt;, &lt;chinese&gt;, and &lt;pinyin&gt; are positional parameters
 	&lt;English&gt;: rendered as presented; purports to be English translation of &lt;kanji/kana&gt;
 	&lt;chinese&gt;: Chinese language text using Chinese script; TODO: require?
 	&lt;pinyin&gt;: Pinyin romanization (transliteration); TODO: in Module:Lang/data change tooltip text to 'Pinyin romanization'?
 &lt;extra&gt; and &lt;extra2&gt; are positional or named: |extra= and |extra2=; mixing can be problematic
 	&lt;extra&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
 	&lt;extra2&gt; is rendered as presented preceeded with &lt;space&gt;
 &lt;post&gt; is positional or named: |post= is a postscript character preceding the &lt;ref&gt;..&lt;/ref&gt; tag (after &lt;English&gt;)
 |lead=: takes one value 'yes'; renders language name same as {{lang-zh}} but also adds [[Pinyin]]:&lt;space&gt; ahead of the romanization;
 	TODO: in Module:Lang, turnoff tooltip for transl when |lead=yes
 	in the live template |lead= also adds the Help:Installing Chinese character sets link; this is not supported in this code (hanyu nor hanyu3 have this support)
 |group=: the group attribute in &lt;ref group=&quot;...&quot;&gt; and in {{reflist}}
 
 ]=]
 
 local function hanyu_foot (frame)
 	return common_foot (frame, 'hanyu foot')
 end
 
 
 --[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
 ]]
 
 return {
 	nihongo = nihongo,
 	nihongo3 = nihongo3,
 	nihongokrt = nihongo_krt,													-- TODO: rename function name in {{#invoke}} to use nihongo_krt; delete this line
 	nihongo_krt = nihongo_krt,
 	nihongo_foot = nihongo_foot,
 	
 	hanyu = hanyu,
 	hanyu3 = hanyu3,
 	hanyu_hrt = hanyu_hrt,
 	hanyu_foot = hanyu_foot,