வார்ப்புரு:திகதி வாரியாக உலக வல்லமை
{{{headerextension|}}}{{{header|==திகதி வாரியாக உலக வல்லமை==}}}{{{headerextension|}}}
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 ![[Congress of Vienna|1815]]!![[Scramble for Africa|c. 1880]]!![[Boxer Rebellion|c. 1900]]!![[Treaty of Versailles|1919]]!![[World War II|c. 1939]]!![[United Nations Charter|1946]]!![[Contemporary history|c. 2000]]!! 
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 &lt;!-- ஆசுதிரியா --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #FF8C00;&quot;&lt;!-- 1815 --&gt;|[[File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg|23px|border]] [[Austrian Empire|ஆசுதிரியா]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;&gt;
 {{cite encyclopedia|last= |first= |author=Peter Howard, B.A., B.S., M.A., Ph.D. Assistant Professor, School of International Service, American University.|encyclopedia=Encarta |title=Great Powers |url=http://www.webcitation.org/5kwqEr8pe|archivedate=2009-10-31|accessdate=2008-12-20 |edition= |year=2008 |publisher=MSN |archiveurl=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761590309/Great_Powers.html |deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;World history, 1815-1920&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Fueter| first = Eduard | coauthors = | title=World history, 1815–1920| publisher=Harcourt, Brace and Company| year=1922| location=United States of America | pages = 25–28, 36–44| isbn = 1584770775| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XeKyv9l-3QEC&amp;pg=PA25&amp;dq=%22Great+Powers%22+%22Congress+of+Vienna%22&amp;as_brr=0#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Great%20Powers%22%20%22Congress%20of%20Vienna%22&amp;f=false}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers&quot;&gt;Danilovic, Vesna. &quot;When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers&quot;, University of Michigan Press (2002), p 27, p225-p228 [http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailLookInside.do?id=16953 (PDF chapter downloads)] [http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472112872-appb.pdf (PDF copy)].&lt;/ref&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #22AA55;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1880 --&gt;|{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}&lt;ref name=&quot;1880 to the Diamond Jubilee&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = McCarthy| first = Justin| coauthors =
 | title=A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee| publisher=Harper &amp; Brothers, Publishers| year=1880| location=New York, United States of America | pages = 475–476| isbn = | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kvYoAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA480&amp;dq=%22Great+Powers%22#PPA475,M1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #DAA520;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1900 --&gt;|{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rise of Russia in Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Dallin | first = David | authorlink =| coauthors = | title = The Rise of Russia in Asia | publisher = | date = | location = | pages = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Q5nIUd_mlEcC&amp;pg=PA62&amp;lpg=PA62&amp;dq=%22boxer+rebellion%22+%22great+powers%22&amp;source=web&amp;ots=PFvmBinYof&amp;sig=Hom8pFuEToBb-31aGxGAUydZOAs&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=9&amp;ct=result#PPA56,M1 | doi = | id = | isbn = }}&lt;/ref&gt;
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 &lt;!-- ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம் --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #FF8C00;&quot;&lt;!-- 1815 --&gt;|{{flag|British Empire|name=பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;World history, 1815-1920&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #22AA55;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1880 --&gt;|{{flag|British Empire|name=பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு}}&lt;ref name=&quot;1880 to the Diamond Jubilee&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #DAA520;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1900 --&gt;|{{flag|British Empire|name=பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rise of Russia in Asia&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid blue;&quot;&lt;!-- 1919 --&gt;|{{flag|British Empire|name=பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Margaret MacMillan&quot;&gt;
 {{cite book | last = MacMillan | first = Margaret | authorlink = Margaret MacMillan | title = [[Peacemakers: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War|Paris 1919]] | publisher = Random House Trade | year = 2003 | location = United States of America | pages = 36, 306, 431 | isbn = 0-375-76052-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid red;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1939 --&gt;|{{flag|British Empire|name=பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economics of World War II&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #A0522D;&quot;&lt;!-- 1946 --&gt;|{{flag|British Empire|name=பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Superpowers&quot;&gt;''The Superpowers: The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union – Their Responsibility for Peace'' (1944), written by [[William Thornton Rickert Fox|William T.R. Fox]]&lt;/ref&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #8A2BE2;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 2000 --&gt;|{{flag|ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம்}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Balance of Power&quot;/&gt;
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 &lt;!-- சீனா --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #FF8C00;&quot;&lt;!-- 1815 --&gt;|[[File:Flag_of_the_Qing_Dynasty_(1889-1912).svg|23px|border]] [[சிங் அரசமரபு|சீனா]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Joshua Baron&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Baron|first1=Joshua|title=Great Power Peace and American Primacy: The Origins and Future of a New International Order|date=22 January 2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=United States|isbn=1137299487}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- 1880 --&gt;
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 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #A0522D;&quot;&lt;!-- 1946 --&gt;|{{flag|Republic of China|name=சீனா}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #8A2BE2;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 2000 --&gt;|{{flag|சீனா}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Balance of Power&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UW Press&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/about/pdfs/china_views.pdf Yong Deng and Thomas G. Moore (2004) &quot;China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics?&quot; ''The Washington Quarterly'']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | last = Friedman  | first = George  | title = The Geopolitics of China  | publisher = [[Stratfor]]  | date = 2008-06-15  | url = http://web.stratfor.com/images/GEOPOLITICS%20of%20China%20080615.pdf  | accessdate = 2008-07-10 }} &lt;/ref&gt;
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 &lt;!-- பிரான்சு --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #FF8C00;&quot;&lt;!-- 1815 --&gt;|{{flagicon|பிரான்சு|1814}} [[Bourbon Restoration|பிரான்சு]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;World history, 1815-1920&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #22AA55;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1880 --&gt;|{{flagicon|பிரான்சு}} [[French Third Republic|பிரான்சு]]&lt;ref name=&quot;1880 to the Diamond Jubilee&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #DAA520;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1900 --&gt;|{{flagicon|பிரான்சு}} [[French Third Republic|பிரான்சு]]&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rise of Russia in Asia&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid blue;&quot;&lt;!-- 1919 --&gt;|{{flagicon|பிரான்சு}} [[French Third Republic|பிரான்சு]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Margaret MacMillan&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid red;&quot;&lt;!-- 1939 --&gt;|{{flagicon|பிரான்சு}} [[French Third Republic|பிரான்சு]]&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economics of World War II&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #A0522D;&quot;&lt;!-- 1946 --&gt;|{{flagicon|பிரான்சு}} [[French Fourth Republic|பிரான்சு]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Louden
 | first = Robert| coauthors = | title=The world we want| publisher=Oxford University Press US| year=2007| location=United States of America | pages = 187| isbn = 0195321375| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WuKmrwgrL9IC&amp;pg=PA187}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #8A2BE2;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 2000 --&gt;|{{flag|பிரான்சு}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Balance of Power&quot;/&gt;
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 &lt;!-- பிரசியா/ஜெர்மனி --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #FF8C00;&quot;&lt;!-- 1815 --&gt;|{{flag|பிரசியா}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;World history, 1815-1920&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #22AA55;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1880 --&gt;|{{flag|German Empire|name=ஜெர்மனி}}&lt;ref name=&quot;1880 to the Diamond Jubilee&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #DAA520;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1900 --&gt;|{{flag|German Empire|name=ஜெர்மனி}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rise of Russia in Asia&quot;/&gt;
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 | style=&quot;border:1px solid red;&quot;&lt;!-- 1939 --&gt;|{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=ஜெர்மனி}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economics of World War II&quot;/&gt;
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 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #8A2BE2;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 2000 --&gt;|{{flag|ஜெர்மனி}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Balance of Power&quot;/&gt;
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 &lt;!-- இத்தாலி --&gt;
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 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #22AA55;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1880 --&gt;|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=இத்தாலி}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Kennedy| first = Paul| authorlink = Paul Kennedy| title= [[The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers]]| publisher= [[Random House]]| year= 1987| location= United States of America| page = 204| isbn = 0-394-54674-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Best
 | first1 = Antony| last2 = Hanhimäki| first2 = Jussi| last3 = Maiolo| first3 = Joseph| last4 = Schulze| first4 = Kirsten| title= International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond| publisher= [[Routledge]]| year= 2008| location= United States of America| page = 9| isbn = 0415438969}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Wight| first = Martin| authorlink = Martin Wight| title= Power Politics| publisher= [[Continuum International Publishing Group]]| year= 2002| location= United Kingdom| page = 46| isbn = 0826461743}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Waltz| first = Kenneth| authorlink = Kenneth Waltz| title= [[Theory of International Politics]]| publisher= [[McGraw-Hill]]| year= 1979| location= United States of America| page = 162| isbn = 0-07-554852-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #DAA520;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1900 --&gt;|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=இத்தாலி}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rise of Russia in Asia&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid blue;&quot;&lt;!-- 1919 --&gt;|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=இத்தாலி}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Margaret MacMillan&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid red;&quot;&lt;!-- 1939 --&gt;|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=இத்தாலி}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economics of World War II&quot;/&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- 1946 --&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- c. 2000 --&gt;
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 &lt;!-- ஜப்பான் --&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- 1815 --&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- 1880 --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #DAA520;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1900 --&gt;|{{flag|சப்பானியப் பேரரசு|name=ஜப்பான்}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rise of Russia in Asia&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid blue;&quot;&lt;!-- 1919 --&gt;|{{flag|சப்பானியப் பேரரசு|name=ஜப்பான்}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Margaret MacMillan&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid red;&quot;&lt;!-- 1939 --&gt;|{{flag|சப்பானியப் பேரரசு|name=ஜப்பான்}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economics of World War II&quot;&gt;Harrison, M (2000) ''[http://www.google.com/books?id=ZgFu2p5uogwC&amp;dq=great+powers&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=bn#PPA1,M1 The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison]'', Cambridge University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- 1946 --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #8A2BE2;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 2000 --&gt;|{{flag|ஜப்பான்}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Balance of Power&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = | first = | author = T. V. Paul, James J. Wirtz, Michel Fortmann| title=Balance of Power| publisher=State University of New York Press, 2005| year=2005| location=United States of America | pages = 59, 282 | isbn = 0791464016| url=http://www.google.com/books?id=9jy28vBqscQC&amp;pg=PA59}} ''Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the United States'' p.59&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UW Press&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Asias overlooked Great Power&quot;&gt;Richard N. Haass, &quot;[http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/haass17 Asia’s overlooked Great Power]&quot;, ''Project Syndicate'' April 20, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
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 &lt;!-- உருசியா --&gt;
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 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #FF8C00;&quot;&lt;!-- 1815 --&gt;|{{flag|Russian Empire|name=உருசியா}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;World history, 1815-1920&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #22AA55;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1880 --&gt;|{{flag|Russian Empire|1858|name=உருசியா}}&lt;ref name=&quot;1880 to the Diamond Jubilee&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #DAA520;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1900 --&gt;|{{flag|Russian Empire|name=உருசியா}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rise of Russia in Asia&quot;/&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- 1919 --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid red;&quot;&lt;!-- 1939 --&gt;|{{flag|சோவியத் ஒன்றியம்|1923}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economics of World War II&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #A0522D;&quot;&lt;!-- 1946 --&gt;|{{flag|சோவியத் ஒன்றியம்|1923}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Superpowers&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #8A2BE2;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 2000 --&gt;|{{flag|உருசியா|}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Balance of Power&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UW Press&quot;&gt; [http://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/EBEKOR.html UW Press: Korea's Future and the Great Powers]&lt;/ref&gt;
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 &lt;!-- அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு --&gt;
 |- align=left
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- 1815 --&gt;
 | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|&lt;!-- c. 1880 --&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #DAA520;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 1900 --&gt;|{{flag|அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு|1896}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rise of Russia in Asia&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid blue;&quot;&lt;!-- 1919 --&gt;|{{flag|அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு|1912}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Margaret MacMillan&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid red;&quot;&lt;!-- 1939 --&gt;|{{flag|அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு|1912}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economics of World War II&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #A0522D;&quot;&lt;!-- 1946 --&gt;|{{flag|அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு|1912}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Superpowers&quot;/&gt;
 | style=&quot;border:1px solid #8A2BE2;&quot;&lt;!-- c. 2000 --&gt;|{{flag|அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The world we want&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Balance of Power&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paper for presentation at the biennial meetings of the South African Political Studies Association Saldanha, Western Cape 29 June-2 July 1999&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://post.queensu.ca/~nossalk/papers/hyperpower.htm|title=Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era|accessdate=2007-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |}&lt;noinclude&gt;
 
 {{{headerextension|}}}{{{header|==References included with template==}}}{{{headerextension|}}}
 &lt;references/&gt;