எர்ணஸ்ட் மாயர்
{{Infobox Scientist
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 |image             =Ernst Mayr PLoS.jpg
 |image_width       =150px
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 |birth_date        = [[சூலை 5]], [[1904]]
 |birth_place       = [[கெம்டென்]], [[செர்மனி]]
 |death_date        = [[பெப்ரவரி 3]], [[2005]]
 |death_place       = [[பெட்ஃபொர்டு, மாசாசுசெட்ஸ்|பெட்ஃபொர்டு]], [[மாசசூசெட்ஸ்]], {{USA}}
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 |nationality       = [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|]] [[செர்மனி]]
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 |field             = [[படிமலர்ச்சி உயிரியல்]]
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 '''எர்ணஸ்ட் வால்டெர் மாயர்''' 20ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் மிக முக்கியமான [[படிமலர்ச்சி உயிரியலாளர்]] ஆவார். மேலும் இவரது ஆராய்ச்சிகள் [[வகைப்பாட்டியல்]], [[பறவையியல்]], [[அறிவியல் வரலாறு]], [[இயற்கையியல்]] என பரந்து விரிந்தது. இவரது [[படிமலர்ச்சி]]யியல் ஆராய்ச்சிகள் &quot;தற்கால படிமலர்ச்சியியல்&quot; கோட்பாடுகளுக்கு வழிவகுத்து, பின் &quot;[[உயிரியல் சிற்றின கோட்பாடு|உயிரியல் சிற்றின கோட்பாட்டு]]&quot; வளர்ச்சிக்கு வழி வகுத்தது.
 
 &quot;[[சிற்றினத் தோற்றம்]]&quot; குறித்து புதிய பார்வையை உருவாக்கியவர்.
 
 நோபல் பரிசுக்கீடான சுவீடன் நாட்டு அரசுக் கல்விக்கழகத்தின் [[கிராஃபோர்டு பரிசு]] இவருக்கும், ஜான் மேநார்டு சுமித், ஜார்ஜ் சி. வில்லியம்சு ஆகியோருடன் இணைந்து (படிமலர்ச்சி உயிரியல் கருத்தை உருவாக்கல் பணிக்காக)  வழங்கப்பட்டது.
 ===எர்ணஸ்ட் மாயர் எழுதிய புத்தகங்கள்===
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=Systematics and the origin of species, from the viewpoint of a zoologist |url=https://archive.org/details/systematicsorigi0000mayr_g5a9 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1999 |pages= |isbn=0-674-86250-3 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=Animal Species and Evolution (Belknap Press) |year=1963 |url=https://archive.org/details/animalspeciesevo0000mayr |publisher=Belknap Press |location=Cambridge, Mass |pages= |isbn=0-674-03750-2 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=Populations, Species, and Evolution : An Abridgment of ''Animal Species and Evolution'' (Belknap Press) |year=1970 |url=https://archive.org/details/populationsspeci00mayr |publisher=Belknap Press |location=Cambridge, Mass |pages= |isbn=0-674-69013-3 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=Evolution and the Diversity of Life : Selected Essays |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutiondiversi0000mayr |publisher=Belknap Press |location=Cambridge, Mass |pages= |isbn=0-674-27105-X |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance |year=1982 |url=https://archive.org/details/growthofbiologic00mayr |publisher=Belknap Press |location=Cambridge, Mass |pages= |isbn=0-674-36446-5 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=Toward a New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist |year=1988 |url=https://archive.org/details/towardnewphiloso0000mayr |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |pages= |isbn=0-674-89666-1 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Ashlock, Peter D.; Mayr, Ernst |title=Principles of systematic zoology |url=https://archive.org/details/principlesofsyst0000mayr_s2i3 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=1991 |pages= |isbn=0-07-041144-1 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought (Questions of Science) |year=1991 |url=https://archive.org/details/onelongargumentc00mayr_0 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |pages= |isbn=0-674-63906-5 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=This is biology: the science of the living world |url=https://archive.org/details/thisisbiology00erns |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=0-674-88469-8 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Diamond, Jared M.; Mayr, Ernst |title=The birds of northern Melanesia: speciation, ecology &amp; biogeography |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=2001 |pages= |isbn=0-19-514170-9 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=What evolution is |url=https://archive.org/details/whatevolutionis0000mayr_u8r4 |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |year=2001 |pages= |isbn=0-465-04426-3 |oclc= |doi=}}
 *{{cite book |author=Mayr, Ernst |title=What makes biology unique?: considerations on the autonomy of a scientific discipline |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=2004 |pages= |isbn=0-521-84114-3 |oclc= |doi=}}
 
 ===எர்ணஸ்ட் மாயர் கண்டுபிடித்த புதிய பறவை சிற்றினங்கள் பற்றிய வெளியிடுகள்===
 * Zimmer, J. T. &amp; E. Mayr (1943) New species of birds described from 1938 to 1941 ''[[The Auk]]'' Vol. 60 pp.&amp;nbsp;249–262
 * Mayr, E. (1957) New species of birds described from 1941 to 1955 ''[[Journal for Ornithology]]'' Vol. 98 pp.&amp;nbsp;22–35
 * Mayr, E. (1971) New species of birds described from 1956 to 1965 ''Jour. f. Ornith.'' Vol. 112 pp.&amp;nbsp;302–316
 * Mayr, E. &amp; F. Vuilleumier (1983) New species of birds described from 1966 to 1975 ''Jour. f. Ornith.'' Vol. 124 pp.&amp;nbsp;217–232
 * Vuilleumier, F. &amp; E. Mayr (1987) New species of birds described from 1976 to 1980 ''Jour. f. Ornith.'' Vol. 128 pp.&amp;nbsp;137–150
 * Vuilleumier, François, Mary LeCroy &amp; Ernst Mayr (1992) New species of birds described from 1981 to 1990 ''[[Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club]]'' Vol. 112A pp.&amp;nbsp;267–309
 
 ===எர்ணஸ்ட் மாயரின் பிற குறிப்பிடத்தக்க வெளியிடுகள்===
 *1923 &quot;Die Kolbenente (''Nyroca rufina'') auf dem Durchzuge in Sachsen&quot;. ''Ornithologische Monatsberichte'' 31:135-136
 *1923 &quot;Der Zwergfliegenschnäpper bei Greifswald&quot;. ''Ornithologische Monatsberichte'' 31:136
 *1926 &quot;Die Ausbreitung des Girlitz (''Serinus canaria serinus'' L.) Ein Beitrag zur Tiergeographie&quot;. ''J. fur Ornithologie'' 74:571-671
 *1927 &quot;Die Schneefinken (Gattungen ''Montifringilla'' und ''Leucosticte'')&quot; ''J. für Ornithologie'' 75:596-619
 *1929 with W Meise. ''Zeitschriftenverzeichnis des Museums fur Naturkunde Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin'' 14:1-187
 *1930 (by [[Ernst Hartert]]) &quot;List of birds collected by Ernst Mayr&quot;. ''Ornithologische Monatsberichte'' 36:27-128
 *1930 &quot;My Dutch New Guinea Expedition&quot;. 1928. ''Ornithologische Monatsberichte'' 36:20-26
 *1931 ''Die Vogel des Saurwaged und Herzoggebirges (NO Neuginea) Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin'' 17:639-723
 *1931 &quot;Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. XII Notes on ''Halcyon chloris'' and some of its subspecies&quot;. ''American Museum Novitates'' no 469
 *1932 [http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/editors_pick/1932_01-02_pick.html &quot;A tenderfoot explorer in New Guinea&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629012208/http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/editors_pick/1932_01-02_pick.html |date=2006-06-29 }} ''Natural History'' 32:83-97
 *1935 &quot;Bernard Altum and the territory theory&quot;. ''Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York'' 45, 46:24-38
 *1940 &quot;Speciation phenomena in birds&quot;. ''American Naturalist'' 74:249-278
 *1941 &quot;Borders and subdivision of the Polynesian region as based on our knowledge of the distribution of birds&quot;. ''Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Scientific Congress'' 4:191-195
 *1941 &quot;The origin and history of the bird fauna of Polynesia&quot;. ''Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Scientific Congress'' 4:197-216
 *1943 &quot;A journey to the Solomons&quot;. ''Natural History'' 52:30-37,48
 *1944 &quot;Wallace's Line in the light of recent zoogeographics studies&quot;. ''Quarterly Review of Biology'' 19:1-14
 *1944 &quot;The birds of Timor and Sumba&quot;. ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' 83:123-194
 *1944 &quot;Timor and the colonization of Australia by birds&quot;. ''Emu'' 44:113-130
 *1946 [http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/biogeog/MAYR946B.htm &quot;History of the North American bird fauna&quot;] ''Wilson Bulletin'' 58:3-41
 *1946 &quot;The naturalist in Leidy's time and today&quot;. ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' 98:271-276
 *1947 &quot;Ecological factors in speciation&quot;. ''Evolution'' 1:263-288
 *1948 &quot;The new Sanford Hall&quot;. ''Natural History'' 57:248-254
 *1950 ''The role of the antennae in the mating behavior of female Drosophila''. Evolution 4:149-154
 *1951 ''Introduction and Conclusion. Pages 85,255-258 in The problem of land connections across the South Atlantic with special reference to the Mesozoic''. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99:79-258
 *1951 with [[Dean Amadon]], &quot;A classification of recent birds&quot;. ''American Museum Novitates'' no. 1496
 *1953 with E G Linsley and R L Usinger. ''Methods and Principles of Systematica Zoology''. McGraw-Hill, New York.
 *1954 &quot;Changes in genetic environment and evolution&quot;. Pages 157-180 in ''Evolution as a Process'' (J Huxley, A C Hardy and E B Ford Eds) Allen and Unwin. London
 *1955 &quot;Karl Jordan's contribution to current concepts in systematics and evolution&quot;. ''Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London'' 107:45-66
 *1956 with C B Rosen. &quot;Geographic variation and hybridization in populations of Bahama snails (''Cerion'')&quot;. ''American Museum Novitates'' no 1806.
 *1957 &quot;Species concepts and definitions&quot;. Pages 371-388 in ''The Species Problem'' (E. Mayr ed). AAAS, Washington DC.
 *1959 &quot;The emergence of evolutionary novelties&quot;. Pages 349-380 in ''The Evolution of Life: Evolution after Darwin, vol 1'' (S. Tax, ed) University of Chicago.
 *1959 &quot;Darwin and the evolutionary theory in Biology&quot;. Pages 1–10 in ''Evolution and Anthropology: A Centennial Appraisal'' (B J Meggers, Ed) The Anthropological Society of Washington, Washington DC.
 *1959 &quot;Agassiz, Darwin, and Evolution&quot;. ''Harvard Library Bulletin''. 13:165-194
 *1961 &quot;Cause and effect in biology: Kinds of causes, predictability, and teleology are viewed by a practicing biologist&quot;. ''Science'' 134:1501-1506
 *1962 &quot;Accident or design: The paradox of evolution&quot;. Pages 1–14 in ''The Evolution of Living Organisms'' (G W Leeper, Ed) Melbourne University Press.
 *1964 Introduction, Bibliography and Subject Pages vii-xxviii, 491-513 in ''On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, by Charles Darwin''. A Facsimile of the First Edition. Harvard University Press.
 *1965 ''Comments. In Proceedings of the Boston Colloguium for the Philosophy of Science, 1962-1964''. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 2:151-156
 *1969 ''Discussion: Footnotes on the philosophy of biology''. Philosophy of Science 36:197-202
 *1972 ''Continental drift and the history of the Australian bird fauna''. Emu 72:26-28
 *1972 ''Geography and ecology as faunal determinants''. Pages 549-561 in Proceedings XVth International Ornithological Congress (K H Voous, Ed) E J Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands.
 *1972 ''Lamarck revisited''. Journal of the History of Biology. 5:55-94
 *1974 ''[http://faculty.washington.edu/lynnhank/Mayr3.pdf Teleological and teleonomic: A new analysis]''. Boston studies in the Philosophy of Science 14:91-117
 *1978 ''Tenure: A sacred cow?'' Science 199:1293
 *1980 ''How I became a Darwinian, Pages 413-423 in The Evolutionary Synthesis'' (E Mayr and W Provine, Eds) Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
 *1980 with W B Provine, Eds. ''The Evolutionary Synthesis''. Harvard University Press.
 *1981 ''Evolutionary biology. Pages 147-162 in The Joys of Research'' (W. Shripshire Jr, Ed.) Smithsonian Institution Press.
 *1984 ''Evolution and ethics. Pages 35-46 in Darwin, Mars and Freud: Their influence on Moral Theory'' (A L Caplan and B Jennings, Eds.) Plenum Press, New York.
 *1985. Darwin's five theories of evolution. In D. Kohn, ed., ''The Darwinian Heritage'', Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, pp.&amp;nbsp;755–772.
 *1985. How biology differs from the physical sciences. In D. J. Depew and B H Weber, eds., ''Evolution at a Crossroads: The New Biology and the New Philosophy of Science'', Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, pp.&amp;nbsp;43–63.
 *1988. The why and how of species. ''Biology and Philosophy'' 3:431-441
 *1992. The idea of teleology. ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 53:117-135
 *1994. with W.J. Bock. Provisional classifications v. standard avian sequences: heuristics and communication in ornithology. ''Ibis'' 136:12-18
 *1996. [http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/03_Areas/evolution/perspectives/Mayr_1996_june.shtml What is a species, and what is not?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224234039/http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/03_Areas/evolution/perspectives/Mayr_1996_june.shtml |date=2007-02-24 }} ''Philosophy of Science'' 63 (June): 262-277.
 *1996. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061013202832/http://www.evolutionary.tripod.com/mayr_quar-rev_71_97-106.pdf The autonomy of biology: the position of biology among the sciences]. ''Quarterly Review of Biology'' 71:97-106
 *1997. [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/94/6/2091 The objects of selection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311053022/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/94/6/2091 |date=2007-03-11 }} ''Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA'' 94 (March): 2091-94.
 *1999. [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e36_2/darwin_influence.htm Darwin's influence on modern thought] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717184042/http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e36_2/darwin_influence.htm |date=2006-07-17 }} Crafoord Prize lecture, September 23, 1999.
 *2000. [http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/mayr_biology21st.html Biology in the Twenty-First Century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514081820/http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/mayr_biology21st.html |date=2011-05-14 }} ''Bioscience'' 50 (Oct. 2000): 895-897.
 *2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061013202828/http://www.aps-pub.com/proceedings/1454/409.pdf The philosophical foundations of Darwinism] ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society'' 145:488-495
 *2002. with Walter J Bock. Classifications and other ordering systems. ''Zeitschrift Zool. Syst. Evolut-Forsch''. 40:1-25
 
 [[பகுப்பு:செருமானிய உயிரியலாளர்கள்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:1904 பிறப்புகள்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:2005 இறப்புகள்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:அமெரிக்க இறைமறுப்பாளர்கள்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:அமெரிக்க உயிரியலாளர்கள்]]