பிரித்தானியத் தீவுகளின் மரபியல் வரலாறு
'''பிரித்தானியத் தீவுகளின் மரபியல் வரலாறு '''  ''(genetic history of the British Isles)'' மாந்தரின மக்கள்தொகை மரபியல் ஆய்வுப் புலத்தின் ஒரு கிளைப்புலமாகும். இது மக்கள்தொகைகளின் மரபியல் ஒற்றுமைகளையும் வேற்றுமைகளையும் பயிலும் மரபன் ஓர்வுத் தொழில்நுட்பங்களோடு  உருவாகியது. பிரித்தானியத் தீவுகளின் மக்கள்தொகை மரபியல் முடிவுகள் பிரித்தானியத் தீவுகளின் மாந்தரின வரலாற்றில் இருந்து பெறப்பட்டாலும் அவ்வரலாற்றுக்குப் பெருபங்காற்றியுள்ளது. பொதுவாகவும் சிறப்பாகவும் பிரித்தானிய மொழியியல், தொல்லியல், வரலாறு, கால்வழியியல் ஆகியவற்றுக்குப் பெரும்பங்காற்றியுள்ளது.
 
 பிரித்தானியத் தீவுகளை நோக்கிய புலம்பெயர்வு வழித்தடங்களைப் பற்றிய ஆய்வு விவாத்திலேயே உள்ளது. ஆங்கிலக் கால்வாய் வழியாக கென்ட் பகுதிக்குள் புலம்பெயர்ந்த குறுகிய மிகத் தெளிவாக அறிந்த வழித்தடத்தோடு, கடந்த ஆயிரம் ஆண்டுகளாக இடைக் கற்கால தாகர் நிலப்பால வழித்தடமும் அட்லாண்டிக் கடற்கரைவழி கடல்சார் தொடர்புகளும் முதன்மை வாய்ந்த பிற வழித்தடங்களாகும்.
 
 மிக முதன்மையான புலம்பெயர்வு காலங்களும் கூட விவாத்திலேயே உள்ளன. ஐரோப்பாவில் இருந்து அறிமுகமாகிய புதிய கற்கால வேளாண்மையின்போது பிரித்தானியத் தீவுகளுக்குள் பேரளவில் மக்கள்தொகை மாற்றமலடிக்கடி நிகழ்ந்துள்ளது. வேளாண்மைத் தொழில்நுட்பத்தைப் புலம்பெயர்ந்த் சிலரிடம் இருந்தோ அல்லது மக்கள்தொகையை பெரிதும் மாற்றிய குடியேறிகளிடம் இருந்தோ உள்ளூர் மக்கள் பயின்றிருக்கலாம்.
 
 புலம்பெயர்வின் பிற முதன்மையான வரலாற்றுக் காலங்களாக, கெல்டிக முழிகளின் அறிமுக்க் காலமும் வெண்கல, இரும்புத் தொழில்நுட்பங்கள் அறிமுகமாகிய காலங்களும்யௌரோமப் புலம்பெயர்வுக் காலமும் கேயல்சுகளின் ஊடுறுவல் காலமும் ஆங்கிலோ-சாக்சானியரின் ஊடுறுவல் காலமும் வைக்கிங் தாக்க்க் காலமும் 1066 ஆம் ஆண்டைய நார்மானியரின் இங்கிலாந்து முற்றுகையும் ஐரோப்பியச் சமயப் போர்களின் காலமும் கருதப்படுகின்றன. மேலும் பிரித்தானியத் திவகத்துக்கு உள்ளேயே பல்வேறு வட்டாரங்களுக்கு நிகழ்ந்த இடம்பெயர்வுகளின் காலங்களும் முதன்மை பெறுகின்றன.
 
 ==கலக்கரு மரபன் பகுப்பாய்வுகள்==
 
 ===இடைக் கற்கால மக்கள்தொகை===
 இடைக் கற்கால பிரித்தானியர் மேற்கு ஐரோப்பா முழுவதும் பரவியிருந்த இடைக் கற்கால மக்களோடு நெருங்கிய உறவு பூண்டிருந்தனர்.  இந்த மக்கள்தொகையினர் வெளிர்நிறக் கண்களும்&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lotzof |first1=Kerry |title=Cheddar Man |url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/cheddar-man-mesolithic-britain-blue-eyed-boy.html |website=Natural History Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt; பாலமப் புரத (lactose) ஒவ்வாமையும் கருத்துச் சுருண்ட அல்லது அலைவான முடியும் அடர்கருப்பு அல்லது கருப்புத் தோல்நிறமும் பெற்றிருந்துள்ளனர்.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|accessdate=18 March 2018|title=Cheddar Man FAQ |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/origins-evolution-and-futures/human-adaptation-diet-disease/cheddar-man-faq.html|website=www.nhm.ac.uk}}; {{harvnb|Walsh|Chaitanya|Breslin|Muralidharan|2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
 === கண்டஞ்சார் புதிய கற்கால உழவர்கள்===
 இடைக் கற்கால பிரித்தானியர் மேற்கு ஐரோப்பா முழுவதும் பரவியிருந்த இடைக் கற்கால மக்களோடு நெருங்கிய உறவு பூண்டிருந்தாலும், புதிய கற்காலப் பிரித்தானியரோ இபேரியத் தீவக மக்களையும் நடுவண் ஐரோப்பிய இடைநிலைப் புதிய கற்கால மக்களை ஒத்தமைந்தனர். இவர்களில் 75%  மூதாதையர்வழி அனத்தோலிய உழவரையும் எஞ்சிய பகுதி ஐரோப்பிஅக் கண்ட மேற்குப்புற வேட்டை-உணவுதிரட்டல் மக்களை ஒத்தமைந்தனர். சில பிரித்தானியப் புதிய கற்காலத் தனியர்கள் சற்றே 10% கூடுதலான மேற்குப்புற வேட்டை-உணவுதிரட்டல் மக்களின்  மரபன்களைப் பெற்றுள்ளனர். வேல்சு சார்ந்த தனியர்களில் மேற்குப்புற வேட்டை-உணவுதிரட்டல் மக்களின்  மரபன்களின் கலப்பைக் காணவியலவில்லை. ஆனால், தென்கிழக்கு இங்கிலாந்தும் இசுகாட்லாந்தும் சார்ந்த தனியர்களில் மேற்குப்புற வேட்டை-உணவுதிரட்டல் மக்களின் மிக உயர்நிலைக் கலப்பைக் காணமுடிகிறது. தென்மேற்கு இங்கிலாந்தும் நடுவண் இங்கிலாந்தும் சார்ந்த தனியர்களில் மேற்குப்புற வேட்டை-உணவுதிரட்டல் மக்களின் இடைநிலைப்பட்ட கலப்பைக் காணமுடிகிறது. இதில் இருந்து பிரித்தானியத் தீவுகளுக்கு வேளாண்மை கடல்வழியாக வடமேற்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் இருந்து  பேரளவில் தொடர்ந்து வந்த மக்கள்தொகைத் தலைமுறைகளால் கொணரப்பட்டுள்ளது.
 
 ===வெண்கலக் கால ஐரோப்பிய மணிமூக்கு மக்கள்===
 
 ==மேலும் காண்க==
 *[[அண்மைக் கிழக்கு நாடுகளின் தொல்மரபியல்]]
 *[[அமெரிக்கப் பழங்குடி மக்கள் மரபியல் வரலாறு]]
 *[[ஐரோப்பிய மரபியல் வரலாறு]]
 *[[இத்தாலிய மரபியல் வரலாறு]]
 *[[தெற்காசியத் தொல்மரபியல்]]
 
 ==மேற்கோள்கள்==
 ===குறிப்புகள்===
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 {{Refend}}
 
 [[பகுப்பு:ஐக்கிய இராச்சிய மரபியல்]]
 [[பகுப்பு:மாந்தரின மக்கள்தொகை மரபியல்]]