எகிப்தின் மம்லுக் சுல்தானகம்
{{Infobox country
 |common_name  =எகிப்தின் மம்லுக் சுல்தானகம்
 |conventional_long_name = 
 |native_name  = سلطنة المماليك
 |year_start   = 1250
 |date_start   = 2 மே
 |year_end     = 1517
 |date_end= 22 சனவரி
 |event_start  =சுல்தான் அல்-மூவாசாமின் கொலை  
 |event_end    = [[உதுமானியப் பேரரசு|ஒட்டமன் - மம்லுக்]] போர் (1516-17) 
 |p1 = அப்பாசியக் கலீபகம் 
 |flag_p1 = Abbassid banner.svg
 |p2 =அயூப்பித்து வம்சம்  
 |flag_p2 = Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg
 |p3      = எருசலேம் பேரரசு 
 |flag_p3 = Vexillum Regni Hierosolymae.svg
 |s1 = உதுமானியப் பேரரசு  
 |flag_s1 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
 |s2= எகிப்து பிரதேசம்
 |flag_s2 = Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg
 |s3 = டமாஸ்கஸ் பிரதேசம் 
 |flag_s3 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
 |s4 = யேமன் பிரதேசம் 
 |flag_s4 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
 |image_flag =Mameluke Flag.svg
 |flag_type =
 |flag_border = no
 |image_map = Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo 1317 AD.jpg
 |image_map_caption = சுல்தான் அன் -நசீர் முகமது ஆட்சியில் மம்லுக் சுல்தானகம்  
 |capital = [[கெய்ரோ]]
 |common_languages =  [[அரபு மொழி|அரபு]] &lt;small&gt;(எகிப்திய அரபு மொழி) 
 |leader1      = சாசர் அத்தூர் 
 |year_leader1 = 1250
 |leader2      =ஐபெக் 
 |year_leader2 = 1250–1257
 |leader3      = பைபர்ஸ் 
 |year_leader3 = 1260–1277
 |leader4      = இரண்டாம் துமான் பே 
 |year_leader4 = 1516–1517
 |title_leader = சுல்தான் 
 |government_type =[[முடியாட்சி]] 
 |religion = {{plainlist|
 *[[சன்னி இசுலாம்]] 
 *[[சியா இசுலாம்]]
 *[[கிறித்துவம்]] 
 * [[யூதம்]]}}
 }}
 
 '''மம்லுக் சுல்தானகம்''' ('''Mamluk Sultanate''' ({{lang-ar|سلطنة المماليك}} ''Salṭanat al-Mamālīk'')  மத்தியகால [[எகிப்து]], [[லெவண்ட்]] மற்றும்  [[ஹெஜாஸ்]] பகுதிகளை ஆண்ட இசுலாமிய அடிமைப் போர் வீரர்கள் ஆவார். 
 மம்லுக் சுல்தானகத்தை, துருக்கியர்களின் [[உதுமானியப் பேரரசு|ஒட்டமான் பேரரசினர்]] கைப்பற்றும் வரை, கிபி 1250 முதல் கிபி 1517 முடிய 267 ஆண்டுகள் ஆண்டனர்.
 
 ==வரலாறு==
 [[அரேபிய மொழி]]யில் '''மம்லுக்''' என்பதற்கு '''அடிமை''' என்று பொருள். [[அய்யூப்பிய வம்சம்|அயூப்பிய பேரரசில்]] படைத்தலைவர்களாக இருந்த அடிமை வீரர்கள், பின்னர் எகிப்தில் மம்லுக் சுல்தானகத்தையும் மற்றும் [[இந்தியா]]வில்   [[மம்லூக்கிய மரபு (தில்லி)|இசுலாமிய அடிமை வம்ச]] ஆட்சியை நிறுவினர். &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mamluk  Mamlūk ISLAMIC DYNASTY] &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bahath.co/slave-warriors-muslim/mamluk-sultanate-egypt THE SLAVE WARRIORS WHO SAVED THE MUSLIM WORLD] &lt;/ref&gt;
 
 ==இதனையும் காண்க==
 * [[மம்லூக்கிய மரபு (தில்லி)]]
 ==மேற்கோள்கள்==
 {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
 ==ஆதார நூற்பட்டியல்==
 {{Commons category}}
 {{refbegin}}
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 *{{cite book|last1=Holt|first1=Peter Malcolm|last2=Daly|first2=M. W.|title=A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day|date=1961|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson|isbn=9781317863663|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXB_BAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA18}}
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 *{{cite book|last1=Islahi|first1=Abdul Azim|title=Economic Concepts of Ibn Taimiyah|date=1988|publisher=The Islamic Foundation|isbn=9780860376651|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G04xCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA42}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Levanoni|first1=Amalia|title=A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310-1341)|date=1995|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004101821|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YT_pUKZFdt4C&amp;pg=PA37}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Nicolle|first1=David|title=Mamluk 'Askari 1250–1517|date=2014|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=9781782009290|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLZ-BAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA52}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Northrup|first1=Linda|title=From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678-689 A.H./1279-1290 A.D.)|date=1998|publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|isbn=9783515068611|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DivRsJGJaKwC&amp;pg=PA72}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Northrup|first1=Linda S.|editor1-last=Petry|editor1-first=Carl F.|title=The Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol. 1: Islamic Egypt 640-1517|date=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521068857|chapter=The Bahri Mamluk sultanate}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Petry|first1=Carl F.|title=The Civilian Elite of Cairo in the Later Middle Ages|date=1981|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400856411|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m97_AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA70&amp;lpg=PA70}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Petry|first1=Carl F.|editor1-last=Petry|editor1-first=Carl F.|title=The Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol. 1: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517|date=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521068857|chapter=The Military Institution and Innovation in the Late Mamluk Period |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3FtXpB_tqMC&amp;pg=PA452}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Popper|first1=William|title=Egypt and Syria Under the Circassian Sultans, 1382-1468 A.D.: Systematic Notes to Ibn Taghrî Birdî's Chronicles of Egypt, Volume 1|date=1955|publisher=University of California Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7ANAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Powell|first1=Eve M. Trout|title=Tell This in My Memory: Stories of Enslavement from Egypt, Sudan, and the Ottoman Empire|date=2012|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804783750|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HR1Kb-Tl7hcC&amp;pg=PA21}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Rabbat|first1=Nasser|editor1-last=Kennedy|editor1-first=Hugh N.|title=The Historiography of Islamic Egypt: (c. 950 - 1800)|date=2001|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004117945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-iu6u8GkvkC&amp;pg=PA60&amp;dq=Mamluk+society&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjHxtftq6DKAhWGth4KHT-YDK04HhDoAQggMAE#v=onepage&amp;q=kuttab&amp;f=false|chapter=Representing the Mamluks in Mamluk Historical Writing}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Rabbat|first1=Nasser O.|title=The Citadel of Cairo: A New Interpretation of Royal Mameluk Architecture|date=1995|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004101241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Ep8I5jCD8QC&amp;pg=PA139}}
 *{{cite book|last=Shayyal|first=Jamal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wqaKAAACAAJ&amp;hl=en|title=Tarikh Misr al-Islamiyah (History of Islamic Egypt)|publisher=Dar al-Maref|location=Cairo|year=1967|isbn=977-02-5975-6}}
 *{{cite book|last1=van Steenbergen|first1=Jo|editor1-last=Vermeulen|editor1-first=Urbain|editor2-last=van Steenbergen|editor2-first=Jo|title=Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk Eras IV|date=2005|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9789042915244|chapter=Identifying a Late Medieval Cadastral Survey of Egypt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk6tAUL5ZWYC&amp;pg=PA477}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Stilt|first1=Kristen|title=Islamic Law in Action: Authority, Discretion, and Everyday Experiences in Mamluk Egypt|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199602438|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVaebZA94d4C&amp;pg=PA14}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Teule|first1=Herman G. B.|editor1-last=Thomas|editor1-first=David|editor2-last=Mallett|editor2-first=Alex|title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History, Volume 5 (1350-1500)|date=2013|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004252783|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgy7SN3ZixsC&amp;pg=PA11|chapter=Introduction: Constantinople and Granada, Christian-Muslim Interaction 1350-1516}}
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 *{{cite book|editor1-last=Winter|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=Levanoni|editor2-first=Amalia|title=The Mamluks in Egyptian and Syrian Politics and Society|date=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004132863|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NBBMJJTEoKMC&amp;pg=PA1}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Winter|first1=Michael|editor1-last=Philipp|editor1-first=Thomas|editor2-last=Haarmann|editor2-first=Ulrich|title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society|date=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521591157|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&amp;pg=PA96|chapter=The Re-Emergence of the Mamluks Following the Ottoman Conquest}}
 *{{Cite journal|url = |title = Dawlat al-atrāk or dawlat al-mamālīk? Ethnic origin or slave origin as the defining characteristic of the ruling élite in the Mamlūk sultanate|last = Yosef|first = Koby|date = 2012|journal = Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam|doi = |pmid = |ref = harv|volume = 39|publisher = Hebrew University of Jerusalem|pages = 387–410}}
 *{{Cite journal|url = http://al-qantara.revistas.csic.es/index.php/al-qantara/article/view/293/284|title = The Term Mamlūk and Slave Status during the Mamluk Sultanate|last = Yosef|first = Koby|journal = Al-Qanṭara|doi = 10.3989/alqantara.2013.001|pmid = |volume = 34|issue = 1|publisher = Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas|pages = 7–34|year = 2013|ref = harv}}
 {{refend}}
 
 ===உசாத்துணை===
 {{refbegin}}
 *[[Abu al-Fida]], ''[[The Concise History of Humanity or Chronicles|The Concise History of Humanity]]''
 * [[Al-Maqrizi]], Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997.
 * Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., ''The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades'', AMS Press, 1969.
 * Al-Maqrizi, al-Mawaiz wa al-'i'tibar bi dhikr al-khitat wa al-'athar, Matabat aladab, Cairo 1996, {{ISBN|977-241-175-X}}
 * Idem in French: Bouriant, Urbain, ''Description topographique et historique de l'Egypte'', Paris 1895.
 *[[Ibn Taghribirdi]], al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968
 * Idem in English: ''History of Egypt'', by Yusef. William Popper, translator Abu L-Mahasin ibn Taghri Birdi, University of California Press 1954.
 *[[Ibn Iyas]], and [[Gaston Wiet]], translator, Journal d'un Bourgeois du Caire. Paris: 1955.
 {{refend}}
 [[பகுப்பு:இசுலாமியப் பேரரசுகள்]]