Module:WikidataIB
-- Version: 2021-02-06
 -- Module to implement use of a blacklist and whitelist for infobox fields
 -- Can take a named parameter |qid which is the Wikidata ID for the article
 -- if not supplied, it will use the Wikidata ID associated with the current page.
 -- Fields in blacklist are never to be displayed, i.e. module must return nil in all circumstances
 -- Fields in whitelist return local value if it exists or the Wikidata value otherwise
 -- The name of the field that this function is called from is passed in named parameter |name
 -- The name is compulsory when blacklist or whitelist is used,
 -- so the module returns nil if it is not supplied.
 -- blacklist is passed in named parameter |suppressfields (or |spf)
 -- whitelist is passed in named parameter |fetchwikidata (or |fwd)
 
 local p = {}
 
 local cdate -- initialise as nil and only load _complex_date function if needed
 -- Module:Complex date is loaded lazily and has the following dependencies:
 -- Module:Calendar
 -- Module:ISOdate
 -- Module:DateI18n
 -- Module:No globals
 -- Module:I18n/complex date
 -- Module:Ordinal
 -- Module:I18n/ordinal
 -- Module:Yesno
 -- Module:Formatnum
 -- Module:Linguistic
 --
 -- The following, taken from https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/DataModel#Dates_and_times,
 -- is needed to use Module:Complex date which seemingly requires date precision as a string.
 -- It would work better if only the authors of the mediawiki page could spell 'millennium'.
 local dp = {
 	[6] = &quot;millennium&quot;,
 	[7] = &quot;century&quot;,
 	[8] = &quot;decade&quot;,
 	[9] = &quot;year&quot;,
 	[10] = &quot;month&quot;,
 	[11] = &quot;day&quot;,
 }
 
 local i18n =
 {
 	[&quot;errors&quot;] =
 	{
 		[&quot;property-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Property not found.&quot;,
 		[&quot;No property supplied&quot;] = &quot;No property supplied&quot;,
 		[&quot;entity-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Wikidata entity not found.&quot;,
 		[&quot;unknown-claim-type&quot;] = &quot;Unknown claim type.&quot;,
 		[&quot;unknown-entity-type&quot;] = &quot;Unknown entity type.&quot;,
 		[&quot;qualifier-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Qualifier not found.&quot;,
 		[&quot;site-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Wikimedia project not found.&quot;,
 		[&quot;labels-not-found&quot;] = &quot;No labels found.&quot;,
 		[&quot;descriptions-not-found&quot;] = &quot;No descriptions found.&quot;,
 		[&quot;aliases-not-found&quot;] = &quot;No aliases found.&quot;,
 		[&quot;unknown-datetime-format&quot;] = &quot;Unknown datetime format.&quot;,
 		[&quot;local-article-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Article is available on Wikidata, but not on Wikipedia&quot;,
 		[&quot;dab-page&quot;] = &quot; (dab)&quot;,
 	},
 	[&quot;months&quot;] =
 	{
 		&quot;January&quot;, &quot;February&quot;, &quot;March&quot;, &quot;April&quot;, &quot;May&quot;, &quot;June&quot;,
 		&quot;July&quot;, &quot;August&quot;, &quot;September&quot;, &quot;October&quot;, &quot;November&quot;, &quot;December&quot;
 	},
 	[&quot;century&quot;] = &quot;century&quot;,
 	[&quot;BC&quot;] = &quot;BC&quot;,
 	[&quot;BCE&quot;] = &quot;BCE&quot;,
 	[&quot;ordinal&quot;] =
 	{
 		[1] = &quot;st&quot;,
 		[2] = &quot;nd&quot;,
 		[3] = &quot;rd&quot;,
 		[&quot;default&quot;] = &quot;th&quot;
 	},
 	[&quot;filespace&quot;] = &quot;File&quot;,
 	[&quot;Unknown&quot;] = &quot;Unknown&quot;,
 	[&quot;NaN&quot;] = &quot;Not a number&quot;,
 	-- set the following to the name of a tracking category,
 	-- e.g. &quot;[[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]]&quot;, or &quot;&quot; to disable:
 	[&quot;missinginfocat&quot;] = &quot;[[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]]&quot;,
 	[&quot;editonwikidata&quot;] = &quot;Edit this on Wikidata&quot;,
 	[&quot;latestdatequalifier&quot;] = function (date) return &quot;before &quot; .. date end,
 	-- some languages, e.g. Bosnian use a period as a suffix after each number in a date
 	[&quot;datenumbersuffix&quot;] = &quot;&quot;,
 	[&quot;list separator&quot;] = &quot;, &quot;,
 	[&quot;multipliers&quot;] = {
 		[0]  = &quot;&quot;,
 		[3]  = &quot; thousand&quot;,
 		[6]  = &quot; million&quot;,
 		[9]  = &quot; billion&quot;,
 		[12] = &quot; trillion&quot;,
 	}
 }
 -- This allows an internationisation module to override the above table
 if 'en' ~= mw.getContentLanguage():getCode() then
 	require(&quot;Module:i18n&quot;).loadI18n(&quot;Module:WikidataIB/i18n&quot;, i18n)
 end
 
 -- This piece of html implements a collapsible container. Check the classes exist on your wiki.
 local collapsediv = '&lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; overflow:auto;&quot; data-expandtext=&quot;{{int:show}}&quot; data-collapsetext=&quot;{{int:hide}}&quot;&gt;'
 
 -- Some items should not be linked.
 -- Each wiki can create a list of those in Module:WikidataIB/nolinks
 -- It should return a table called itemsindex, containing true for each item not to be linked
 local donotlink = {}
 local nolinks_exists, nolinks = pcall(mw.loadData, &quot;Module:WikidataIB/nolinks&quot;)
 if nolinks_exists then
 	donotlink = nolinks.itemsindex
 end
 
 -- To satisfy Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles, certain types of items are italicised, and others are quoted.
 -- The submodule [[Module:WikidataIB/titleformats]] lists the entity-ids used in 'instance of' (P31),
 -- which allows this module to identify the values that should be formatted.
 -- WikidataIB/titleformats exports a table p.formats, which is indexed by entity-id, and contains the value &quot; or ''
 local formats = {}
 local titleformats_exists, titleformats = pcall(mw.loadData, &quot;Module:WikidataIB/titleformats&quot;)
 if titleformats_exists then
 	formats = titleformats.formats
 end
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Private functions
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- makeOrdinal needs to be internationalised along with the above:
 -- takes cardinal number as a numeric and returns the ordinal as a string
 -- we need three exceptions in English for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 21st, .. 31st, etc.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local makeOrdinal = function(cardinal)
 	local ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal.default
 	if cardinal % 10 == 1 then
 		ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[1]
 	elseif cardinal % 10 == 2 then
 		ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[2]
 	elseif cardinal % 10 == 3 then
 		ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[3]
 	end
 	-- In English, 1, 21, 31, etc. use 'st', but 11, 111, etc. use 'th'
 	-- similarly for 12 and 13, etc.
 	if (cardinal % 100 == 11) or (cardinal % 100 == 12) or (cardinal % 100 == 13) then
 		ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal.default
 	end
 	return tostring(cardinal) .. ordsuffix
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- findLang takes a &quot;langcode&quot; parameter if supplied and valid
 -- otherwise it tries to create it from the user's set language ({{int:lang}})
 -- failing that it uses the wiki's content language.
 -- It returns a language object
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local findLang = function(langcode)
 	local langobj
 	langcode = mw.text.trim(langcode or &quot;&quot;)
 	if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode) then
 		langobj = mw.language.new( langcode )
 	else
 		langcode = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( '{{int:lang}}' )
 		if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode) then
 			langobj = mw.language.new( langcode )
 		else
 			langobj = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
 		end
 	end
 	return langobj
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- _getItemLangCode takes a qid parameter (using the current page's qid if blank)
 -- If the item for that qid has property country (P17) it looks at the first preferred value
 -- If the country has an official language (P37), it looks at the first preferred value
 -- If that official language has a language code (P424), it returns the first preferred value
 -- Otherwise it returns nothing.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local _getItemLangCode = function(qid)
 	qid = mw.text.trim(qid or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid then return end
 	local prop17 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P17&quot;)[1]
 	if not prop17 or prop17.mainsnak.snaktype ~= &quot;value&quot; then return end
 	local qid17 = prop17.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 	local prop37 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid17, &quot;P37&quot;)[1]
 	if not prop37 or prop37.mainsnak.snaktype ~= &quot;value&quot; then return end
 	local qid37 = prop37.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 	local prop424 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid37, &quot;P424&quot;)[1]
 	if not prop424 or prop424.mainsnak.snaktype ~= &quot;value&quot; then return end
 	return prop424.mainsnak.datavalue.value
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- roundto takes a number (x)
 -- and returns it rounded to (sf) significant figures
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local roundto = function(x, sf)
 	if x == 0 then return 0 end
 	local s = 1
 	if x &lt; 0 then
 		x = -x
 		s = -1
 	end
 	if sf &lt; 1 then sf = 1 end
 	local p = 10 ^ (math.floor(math.log10(x)) - sf + 1)
 	x = math.floor(x / p + 0.5) * p * s
 	-- if it's integral, cast to an integer:
 	if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end
 	return x
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- decimalToDMS takes a decimal degrees (x) with precision (p)
 -- and returns degrees/minutes/seconds according to the precision
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local decimalToDMS = function(x, p)
 	-- if p is not supplied, use a precision around 0.1 seconds
 	if not tonumber(p) then p = 1e-4 end
 	local d = math.floor(x)
 	local ms = (x - d) * 60
 	if p &gt; 0.5 then -- precision is &gt; 1/2 a degree
 		if ms &gt; 30 then d = d + 1 end
 		ms = 0
 	end
 	local m = math.floor(ms)
 	local s = (ms - m) * 60
 	if p &gt; 0.008 then -- precision is &gt; 1/2 a minute
 		if s &gt; 30 then m = m +1 end
 		s = 0
 	elseif p &gt; 0.00014 then -- precision is &gt; 1/2 a second
 		s = math.floor(s + 0.5)
 	elseif p &gt; 0.000014 then -- precision is &gt; 1/20 second
 		s = math.floor(10 * s + 0.5) / 10
 	elseif p &gt; 0.0000014 then -- precision is &gt; 1/200 second
 		s = math.floor(100 * s + 0.5) / 100
 	else -- cap it at 3 dec places for now
 		s = math.floor(1000 * s + 0.5) / 1000
 	end
 	return d, m, s
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- decimalPrecision takes a decimal (x) with precision (p)
 -- and returns x rounded approximately to the given precision
 -- precision should be between 1 and 1e-6, preferably a power of 10.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local decimalPrecision = function(x, p)
 	local s = 1
 	if x &lt; 0 then
 		x = -x
 		s = -1
 	end
 	-- if p is not supplied, pick an arbitrary precision
 	if not tonumber(p) then p = 1e-4
 	elseif p &gt; 1 then p = 1
 	elseif p &lt; 1e-6 then p = 1e-6
 	else p = 10 ^ math.floor(math.log10(p))
 	end
 	x = math.floor(x / p + 0.5) * p * s
 	-- if it's integral, cast to an integer:
 	if  x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end
 	-- if it's less than 1e-4, it will be in exponent form, so return a string with 6dp
 	-- 9e-5 becomes 0.000090
 	if math.abs(x) &lt; 1e-4 then x = string.format(&quot;%f&quot;, x) end
 	return x
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- formatDate takes a datetime of the usual format from mw.wikibase.entity:formatPropertyValues
 -- like &quot;1 August 30 BCE&quot; as parameter 1
 -- and formats it according to the df (date format) and bc parameters
 -- df = [&quot;dmy&quot; / &quot;mdy&quot; / &quot;y&quot;] default will be &quot;dmy&quot;
 -- bc = [&quot;BC&quot; / &quot;BCE&quot;] default will be &quot;BCE&quot;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local format_Date = function(datetime, dateformat, bc)
 	local datetime = datetime or &quot;1 August 30 BCE&quot; -- in case of nil value
 	-- chop off multiple vales and/or any hours, mins, etc.
 	-- keep anything before punctuation - we just want a single date:
 	local dateval = string.match( datetime, &quot;[%w ]+&quot;)
 
 	local dateformat = string.lower(dateformat or &quot;dmy&quot;) -- default to dmy
 
 	local bc = string.upper(bc or &quot;&quot;) -- can't use nil for bc
 	-- we only want to accept two possibilities: BC or default to BCE
 	if bc == &quot;BC&quot; then
 		bc = &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot; .. i18n[&quot;BC&quot;] -- prepend a non-breaking space.
 	else
 		bc = &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot; .. i18n[&quot;BCE&quot;]
 	end
 
 	local postchrist = true -- start by assuming no BCE
 	local dateparts = {}
 	for word in string.gmatch(dateval, &quot;%w+&quot;) do
 		if word == &quot;BCE&quot; or word == &quot;BC&quot; then -- *** internationalise later ***
 			postchrist = false
 		else
 			-- we'll keep the parts that are not 'BCE' in a table
 			dateparts[#dateparts + 1] = word
 		end
 	end
 	if postchrist then bc = &quot;&quot; end -- set AD dates to no suffix *** internationalise later ***
 
 	local sep = &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot; -- separator is nbsp
 	local fdate = table.concat(dateparts, sep) -- set formatted date to same order as input
 
 	-- if we have day month year, check dateformat
 	if #dateparts == 3 then
 		if dateformat == &quot;y&quot; then
 			fdate = dateparts[3]
 		elseif dateformat == &quot;mdy&quot; then
 			fdate = dateparts[2] .. sep .. dateparts[1] .. &quot;,&quot; .. sep .. dateparts[3]
 		end
 	elseif #dateparts == 2 and dateformat == &quot;y&quot; then
 		fdate = dateparts[2]
 	end
 
 	return fdate .. bc
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- dateFormat is the handler for properties that are of type &quot;time&quot;
 -- It takes timestamp, precision (6 to 11 per mediawiki), dateformat (y/dmy/mdy), BC format (BC/BCE),
 -- a plaindate switch (yes/no/adj) to en/disable &quot;sourcing circumstances&quot;/use adjectival form,
 -- any qualifiers for the property, the language, and any adjective to use like 'before'.
 -- It passes the date through the &quot;complex date&quot; function
 -- and returns a string with the internatonalised date formatted according to preferences.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: findLang(); cdate(); dp[]
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local dateFormat = function(timestamp, dprec, df, bcf, pd, qualifiers, lang, adj, model)
 	-- output formatting according to preferences (y/dmy/mdy/ymd)
 	df = (df or &quot;&quot;):lower()
 	-- if ymd is required, return the part of the timestamp in YYYY-MM-DD form
 	-- but apply Year zero#Astronomers fix: 1 BC = 0000; 2 BC = -0001; etc.
 	if df == &quot;ymd&quot; then
 		if timestamp:sub(1,1) == &quot;+&quot; then
 			return timestamp:sub(2,11)
 		else
 			local yr = tonumber(timestamp:sub(2,5)) - 1
 			yr = (&quot;000&quot; .. yr):sub(-4)
 			if yr ~= &quot;0000&quot; then yr = &quot;-&quot; .. yr end
 			return yr .. timestamp:sub(6,11)
 		end
 	end
 	-- A year can be stored like this: &quot;+1872-00-00T00:00:00Z&quot;,
 	-- which is processed here as if it were the day before &quot;+1872-01-01T00:00:00Z&quot;,
 	-- and that's the last day of 1871, so the year is wrong.
 	-- So fix the month 0, day 0 timestamp to become 1 January instead:
 	timestamp = timestamp:gsub(&quot;%-00%-00T&quot;, &quot;-01-01T&quot;)
 	-- just in case date precision is missing
 	dprec = dprec or 11
 	-- override more precise dates if required dateformat is year alone:
 	if df == &quot;y&quot; and dprec &gt; 9 then dprec = 9 end
 	-- complex date only deals with precisions from 6 to 11, so clip range
 	dprec = dprec&gt;11 and 11 or dprec
 	dprec = dprec&lt;6 and 6 or dprec
 	-- BC format is &quot;BC&quot; or &quot;BCE&quot;
 	bcf = (bcf or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	-- plaindate only needs the first letter (y/n/a)
 	pd = (pd or &quot;&quot;):sub(1,1):lower()
 	if pd == &quot;&quot; or pd == &quot;n&quot; or pd == &quot;f&quot; or pd == &quot;0&quot; then pd = false end
 	-- in case language isn't passed
 	lang = lang or findLang().code
 	-- set adj as empty if nil
 	adj = adj or &quot;&quot;
 	-- extract the day, month, year from the timestamp
 	local bc = timestamp:sub(1, 1)==&quot;-&quot; and &quot;BC&quot; or &quot;&quot;
 	local year, month, day = timestamp:match(&quot;[+-](%d*)-(%d*)-(%d*)T&quot;)
 	local iso = tonumber(year) -- if year is missing, let it throw an error
 	-- this will adjust the date format to be compatible with cdate
 	-- possible formats are Y, YY, YYY0, YYYY, YYYY-MM, YYYY-MM-DD
 	if dprec == 6 then iso = math.floor( (iso - 1) / 1000 ) + 1 end
 	if dprec == 7 then iso = math.floor( (iso - 1) / 100 ) + 1 end
 	if dprec == 8 then iso = math.floor( iso / 10 ) .. &quot;0&quot; end
 	if dprec == 10 then iso = year .. &quot;-&quot; .. month end
 	if dprec == 11 then iso = year .. &quot;-&quot; .. month .. &quot;-&quot; .. day end
 	-- add &quot;circa&quot; (Q5727902) from &quot;sourcing circumstances&quot; (P1480)
 	local sc = not pd and qualifiers and qualifiers.P1480
 	if sc then
 		for k1, v1 in pairs(sc) do
 			if v1.datavalue and v1.datavalue.value.id == &quot;Q5727902&quot; then
 				adj = &quot;circa&quot;
 				break
 			end
 		end
 	end
 	-- deal with Julian dates:
 	-- no point in saying that dates before 1582 are Julian - they are by default
 	-- doesn't make sense for dates less precise than year
 	-- we can suppress it by setting |plaindate, e.g. for use in constructing categories.
 	local calendarmodel = &quot;&quot;
 	if tonumber(year) &gt; 1582
 		and dprec &gt; 8
 		and not pd
 		and model == &quot;http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985786&quot; then
 		calendarmodel = &quot;julian&quot;
 	end
 	if not cdate then
 		cdate = require(&quot;Module:Complex date&quot;)._complex_date
 	end
 	local fdate = cdate(calendarmodel, adj, tostring(iso), dp[dprec], bc, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, lang, 1)
 	-- this may have QuickStatements info appended to it in a div, so remove that
 	fdate = fdate:gsub(' &lt;div style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;[^&lt;]*&lt;/div&gt;', '')
 	-- it may also be returned wrapped in a microformat, so remove that
 	fdate = fdate:gsub(&quot;&lt;[^&gt;]*&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
 	-- there may be leading zeros that we should remove
 	fdate = fdate:gsub(&quot;^0*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
 	-- if a plain date is required, then remove any links (like BC linked)
 	if pd then
 		fdate = fdate:gsub(&quot;%[%[.*|&quot;, &quot;&quot;):gsub(&quot;]]&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
 	end
 	-- if 'circa', use the abbreviated form *** internationalise later ***
 	fdate = fdate:gsub('circa ', '&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;')
 	-- deal with BC/BCE
 	if bcf == &quot;BCE&quot; then
 		fdate = fdate:gsub('BC', 'BCE')
 	end
 	-- deal with mdy format
 	if df == &quot;mdy&quot; then
 		fdate = fdate:gsub(&quot;(%d+) (%w+) (%d+)&quot;, &quot;%2 %1, %3&quot;)
 	end
 	-- deal with adjectival form *** internationalise later ***
 	if pd == &quot;a&quot; then
 		fdate = fdate:gsub(' century', '-century')
 	end
 	return fdate
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- parseParam takes a (string) parameter, e.g. from the list of frame arguments,
 -- and makes &quot;false&quot;, &quot;no&quot;, and &quot;0&quot; into the (boolean) false
 -- it makes the empty string and nil into the (boolean) value passed as default
 -- allowing the parameter to be true or false by default.
 -- It returns a boolean.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local parseParam = function(param, default)
 	if type(param) == &quot;boolean&quot; then param = tostring(param) end
 	if param and param ~= &quot;&quot; then
 		param = param:lower()
 		if (param == &quot;false&quot;) or (param:sub(1,1) == &quot;n&quot;) or (param == &quot;0&quot;) then
 			return false
 		else
 			return true
 		end
 	else
 		return default
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- _getSitelink takes the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid=
 -- It takes an optional parameter |wiki= to determine which wiki is to be checked for a sitelink
 -- If the parameter is blank, then it uses the local wiki.
 -- If there is a sitelink to an article available, it returns the plain text link to the article
 -- If there is no sitelink, it returns nil.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local _getSitelink = function(qid, wiki)
 	qid = (qid or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid then return nil end
 	wiki = wiki or &quot;&quot;
 	local sitelink
 	if wiki == &quot;&quot; then
 		sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)
 	else
 		sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid, wiki)
 	end
 	return sitelink
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- _getCommonslink takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid=
 -- It returns one of the following in order of preference:
 -- 	the Commons sitelink of the Wikidata entity - but not if onlycat=true and it's not a category;
 -- 	the Commons sitelink of the topic's main category of the Wikidata entity;
 -- 	the Commons category of the Wikidata entity - unless fallback=false.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: _getSitelink(); parseParam()
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local _getCommonslink = function(qid, onlycat, fallback)
 	qid = (qid or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid then return nil end
 	onlycat = parseParam(onlycat, false)
 	if fallback == &quot;&quot; then fallback = nil end
 	local sitelink = _getSitelink(qid, &quot;commonswiki&quot;)
 	if onlycat and sitelink and sitelink:sub(1,9) ~= &quot;Category:&quot; then sitelink = nil end
 	if not sitelink then
 		-- check for topic's main category
 		local prop910 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P910&quot;)[1]
 		if prop910 then
 			local tmcid = prop910.mainsnak.datavalue and prop910.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 			sitelink = _getSitelink(tmcid, &quot;commonswiki&quot;)
 		end
 		if not sitelink then
 			-- check for list's main category
 			local prop1754 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P1754&quot;)[1]
 			if prop1754 then
 				local tmcid = prop1754.mainsnak.datavalue and prop1754.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 				sitelink = _getSitelink(tmcid, &quot;commonswiki&quot;)
 			end
 		end
 	end
 	if not sitelink and fallback then
 		-- check for Commons category (string value)
 		local prop373 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P373&quot;)[1]
 		if prop373 then
 			sitelink = prop373.mainsnak.datavalue and prop373.mainsnak.datavalue.value
 			if sitelink then sitelink = &quot;Category:&quot; .. sitelink end
 		end
 	end
 	return sitelink
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- The label in a Wikidata item is subject to vulnerabilities
 -- that an attacker might try to exploit.
 -- It needs to be 'sanitised' by removing any wikitext before use.
 -- If it doesn't exist, return the id for the item
 -- a second (boolean) value is also returned, value is true when the label exists
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local labelOrId = function(id, lang)
 	if lang == &quot;default&quot; then lang = findLang().code end
 	local label
 	if lang then
 		label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, lang)
 	else
 		label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(id)
 	end
 	if label then
 		return mw.text.nowiki(label), true
 	else
 		return id, false
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- linkedItem takes an entity-id and returns a string, linked if possible.
 -- This is the handler for &quot;wikibase-item&quot;. Preferences:
 -- 1. Display linked disambiguated sitelink if it exists
 -- 2. Display linked label if it is a redirect
 -- 3. TBA: Display an inter-language link for the label if it exists other than in default language
 -- 4. Display unlinked label if it exists
 -- 5. Display entity-id for now to indicate a label could be provided
 -- dtxt is text to be used instead of label, or nil.
 -- shortname is boolean switch to use P1813 (short name) instead of label if true.
 -- lang is the current language code.
 -- uselbl is boolean switch to force display of the label instead of the sitelink (default: false)
 -- linkredir is boolean switch to allow linking to a redirect (default: false)
 -- formatvalue is boolean switch to allow formatting as italics or quoted (default: false)
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: labelOrId(); donotlink[]
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local linkedItem = function(id, args)
 	local lprefix = (args.lp or args.lprefix or args.linkprefix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '') -- toughen against nil values passed
 	local lpostfix = (args.lpostfix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	local prefix = (args.prefix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	local postfix = (args.postfix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	local dtxt = args.dtxt
 	local shortname = args.shortname
 	local lang = args.lang or &quot;en&quot; -- fallback to default if missing
 	local uselbl = args.uselabel or args.uselbl
 	uselbl = parseParam(uselbl, false)
 	local linkredir = args.linkredir
 	linkredir = parseParam(linkredir, false)
 	local formatvalue = args.formatvalue or args.fv
 	formatvalue = parseParam(formatvalue, false)
 	-- see if item might need italics or quotes
 	local fmt = &quot;&quot;
 	if next(formats) and formatvalue then
 		for k, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, &quot;P31&quot;) ) do
 			if v.mainsnak.datavalue and formats[v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id] then
 				fmt = formats[v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id]
 				break -- pick the first match
 			end
 		end
 	end
 	local disp
 	local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id)
 	local label, islabel
 	if dtxt then
 		label, islabel = dtxt, true
 	elseif shortname then
 		-- see if there is a shortname in our language, and set label to it
 		for k, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, &quot;P1813&quot;) ) do
 			if v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == lang then
 				label, islabel = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text, true
 				break
 			end -- test for language match
 		end -- loop through values of short name
 		-- if we have no label set, then there was no shortname available
 		if not islabel then
 			label, islabel = labelOrId(id)
 			shortname = false
 		end
 	else
 		label, islabel = labelOrId(id)
 	end
 	if mw.site.siteName ~= &quot;Wikimedia Commons&quot; then
 		if sitelink then
 			if not (dtxt or shortname) then
 				-- if sitelink and label are the same except for case, no need to process further
 				if sitelink:lower() ~= label:lower() then
 					-- strip any namespace or dab from the sitelink
 					local pos = sitelink:find(&quot;:&quot;) or 0
 					local slink = sitelink
 					if pos &gt; 0 then
 						local pfx = sitelink:sub(1,pos-1)
 						if mw.site.namespaces[pfx] then -- that prefix is a valid namespace, so remove it
 							slink = sitelink:sub(pos+1)
 						end
 					end
 					-- remove stuff after commas or inside parentheses - ie. dabs
 					slink = slink:gsub(&quot;%s%(.+%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;):gsub(&quot;,.+$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
 					-- if uselbl is false, use sitelink instead of label
 					if not uselbl then
 						--  use slink as display, preserving label case - find(&quot;^%u&quot;) is true for 1st char uppercase
 						if label:find(&quot;^%u&quot;) then
 							label = slink:gsub(&quot;^(%l)&quot;, string.upper)
 						else
 							label = slink:gsub(&quot;^(%u)&quot;, string.lower)
 						end
 					end
 				end
 			end
 			if donotlink[label] then
 				disp = prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix
 			else
 				disp = &quot;[[&quot; .. lprefix .. sitelink .. lpostfix .. &quot;|&quot; .. prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix .. &quot;]]&quot;
 			end
 		elseif islabel then
 			-- no sitelink, label exists, so check if a redirect with that title exists, if linkredir is true
 			-- display plain label by default
 			disp = prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix
 			if linkredir then
 				local artitle = mw.title.new(label, 0) -- only nil if label has invalid chars
 				if not donotlink[label] and artitle and artitle.redirectTarget then
 					-- there's a redirect with the same title as the label, so let's link to that
 					disp = &quot;[[&quot;.. lprefix .. label .. lpostfix .. &quot;|&quot; .. prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix .. &quot;]]&quot;
 				end
 			end -- test if article title exists as redirect on current Wiki
 		else
 			-- no sitelink and no label, so return whatever was returned from labelOrId for now
 			-- add tracking category [[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]]
 			-- for enwiki, just return the tracking category
 			if mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() == &quot;enwiki&quot; then
 				disp = i18n.missinginfocat
 			else
 				disp = prefix .. label .. postfix .. i18n.missinginfocat
 			end
 		end
 	else
 		local ccat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, &quot;P373&quot;)[1]
 		if ccat and ccat.mainsnak.datavalue then
 			ccat = ccat.mainsnak.datavalue.value
 			disp = &quot;[[&quot; .. lprefix .. &quot;Category:&quot; .. ccat .. lpostfix .. &quot;|&quot; .. prefix .. label .. postfix .. &quot;]]&quot;
 		elseif sitelink then
 			-- this asumes that if a sitelink exists, then a label also exists
 			disp = &quot;[[&quot; .. lprefix .. sitelink .. lpostfix .. &quot;|&quot; .. prefix .. label .. postfix .. &quot;]]&quot;
 		else
 			-- no sitelink and no Commons cat, so return label from labelOrId for now
 			disp = prefix .. label .. postfix
 		end
 	end
 	return disp
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- sourced takes a table representing a statement that may or may not have references
 -- it looks for a reference sourced to something not containing the word &quot;wikipedia&quot;
 -- it returns a boolean = true if it finds a sourced reference.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local sourced = function(claim)
 	if claim.references then
 		for kr, vr in pairs(claim.references) do
 			local ref = mw.wikibase.renderSnaks(vr.snaks)
 			if not ref:find(&quot;Wiki&quot;) then
 				return true
 			end
 		end
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- setRanks takes a flag (parameter passed) that requests the values to return
 -- &quot;b[est]&quot; returns preferred if available, otherwise normal
 -- &quot;p[referred]&quot; returns preferred
 -- &quot;n[ormal]&quot; returns normal
 -- &quot;d[eprecated]&quot; returns deprecated
 -- multiple values are allowed, e.g. &quot;preferred normal&quot; (which is the default)
 -- &quot;best&quot; will override the other flags, and set p and n
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local setRanks = function(rank)
 	rank = (rank or &quot;&quot;):lower()
 	-- if nothing passed, return preferred and normal
 	-- if rank == &quot;&quot; then rank = &quot;p n&quot; end
 	local ranks = {}
 	for w in string.gmatch(rank, &quot;%a+&quot;) do
 		w = w:sub(1,1)
 		if w == &quot;b&quot; or w == &quot;p&quot; or w == &quot;n&quot; or w == &quot;d&quot; then
 			ranks[w] = true
 		end
 	end
 	-- check if &quot;best&quot; is requested or no ranks requested; and if so, set preferred and normal
 	if ranks.b or not next(ranks) then
 		ranks.p = true
 		ranks.n = true
 	end
 	return ranks
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- parseInput processes the Q-id , the blacklist and the whitelist
 -- if an input parameter is supplied, it returns that and ends the call.
 -- it returns (1) either the qid or nil indicating whether or not the call should continue
 -- and (2) a table containing all of the statements for the propertyID and relevant Qid
 -- if &quot;best&quot; ranks are requested, it returns those instead of all non-deprecated ranks
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local parseInput = function(frame, input_parm, property_id)
 	-- There may be a local parameter supplied, if it's blank, set it to nil
 	input_parm = mw.text.trim(input_parm or &quot;&quot;)
 	if input_parm == &quot;&quot; then input_parm = nil end
 
 	-- return nil if Wikidata is not available
 	if not mw.wikibase then return false, input_parm end
 
 	local args = frame.args
 
 	-- can take a named parameter |qid which is the Wikidata ID for the article.
 	-- if it's not supplied, use the id for the current page
 	local qid = args.qid or &quot;&quot;
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	-- if there's no Wikidata item for the current page return nil
 	if not qid then return false, input_parm end
 
 	-- The blacklist is passed in named parameter |suppressfields
 	local blacklist = args.suppressfields or args.spf or &quot;&quot;
 
 	-- The whitelist is passed in named parameter |fetchwikidata
 	local whitelist = args.fetchwikidata or args.fwd or &quot;&quot;
 	if whitelist == &quot;&quot; then whitelist = &quot;NONE&quot; end
 
 	-- The name of the field that this function is called from is passed in named parameter |name
 	local fieldname = args.name or &quot;&quot;
 
 	if blacklist ~= &quot;&quot; then
 		-- The name is compulsory when blacklist is used, so return nil if it is not supplied
 		if fieldname == &quot;&quot; then return false, nil end
 		-- If this field is on the blacklist, then return nil
 		if blacklist:find(fieldname) then return false, nil end
 	end
 
 	-- If we got this far then we're not on the blacklist
 	-- The blacklist overrides any locally supplied parameter as well
 	-- If a non-blank input parameter was supplied return it
 	if input_parm then return false, input_parm end
 
 	-- We can filter out non-valid properties
 	if property_id:sub(1,1):upper() ~=&quot;P&quot; or property_id == &quot;P0&quot; then return false, nil end
 
 	-- Otherwise see if this field is on the whitelist:
 	-- needs a bit more logic because find will return its second value = 0 if fieldname is &quot;&quot;
 	-- but nil if fieldname not found on whitelist
 	local _, found = whitelist:find(fieldname)
 	found = ((found or 0) &gt; 0)
 	if whitelist ~= 'ALL' and (whitelist:upper() == &quot;NONE&quot; or not found) then
 		return false, nil
 	end
 
 	-- See what's on Wikidata (the call always returns a table, but it may be empty):
 	local props = {}
 	if args.reqranks.b then
 		props = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, property_id)
 	else
 		props = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, property_id)
 	end
 	if props[1] then
 		return qid, props
 	end
 	-- no property on Wikidata
 	return false, nil
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- createicon assembles the &quot;Edit at Wikidata&quot; pen icon.
 -- It returns a wikitext string inside a span class=&quot;penicon&quot;
 -- if entityID is nil or empty, the ID associated with current page is used
 -- langcode and propertyID may be nil or empty
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: i18n[];
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local createicon = function(langcode, entityID, propertyID)
 	langcode = langcode or &quot;&quot;
 	if not entityID or entityID == &quot;&quot; then entityID= mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	propertyID = propertyID or &quot;&quot;
 	local icon = &quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class='penicon autoconfirmed-show'&gt;[[&quot;
 	-- &quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span data-bridge-edit-flow='overwrite' class='penicon'&gt;[[&quot; -&gt; enable Wikidata Bridge
 	.. i18n[&quot;filespace&quot;]
 	.. &quot;:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg |frameless |text-top |10px |alt=&quot;
 	.. i18n[&quot;editonwikidata&quot;]
 	.. &quot;|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/&quot; .. entityID
 	if langcode ~= &quot;&quot; then icon = icon .. &quot;?uselang=&quot; .. langcode end
 	if propertyID ~= &quot;&quot; then icon = icon .. &quot;#&quot; .. propertyID end
 	icon = icon .. &quot;|&quot; .. i18n[&quot;editonwikidata&quot;] .. &quot;]]&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
 	return icon
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- assembleoutput takes the sequence table containing the property values
 -- and formats it according to switches given. It returns a string or nil.
 -- It uses the entityID (and optionally propertyID) to create a link in the pen icon.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam();
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local assembleoutput = function(out, args, entityID, propertyID)
 
 	-- sorted is a boolean passed to enable sorting of the values returned
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false
 	-- if &quot;false&quot; or &quot;no&quot; or &quot;0&quot; is passed set it false
 	local sorted = parseParam(args.sorted, false)
 
 	-- noicon is a boolean passed to suppress the trailing &quot;edit at Wikidata&quot; icon
 	-- for use when the value is processed further by the infobox
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false
 	-- if &quot;false&quot; or &quot;no&quot; or &quot;0&quot; is passed set it false
 	local noic = parseParam(args.noicon, false)
 
 	-- list is the name of a template that a list of multiple values is passed through
 	-- examples include &quot;hlist&quot; and &quot;ubl&quot;
 	-- setting it to &quot;prose&quot; produces something like &quot;1, 2, 3, and 4&quot;
 	local list = args.list or &quot;&quot;
 
 	-- sep is a string that is used to separate multiple returned values
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it to the default
 	-- any double-quotes &quot; are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed
 	-- e.g. |sep=&quot; - &quot;
 	local sepdefault = i18n[&quot;list separator&quot;]
 	local separator = args.sep or &quot;&quot;
 	separator = string.gsub(separator, '&quot;', '')
 	if separator == &quot;&quot; then
 		separator = sepdefault
 	end
 
 	-- collapse is a number that determines the maximum number of returned values
 	-- before the output is collapsed.
 	-- Zero or not a number result in no collapsing (default becomes 0).
 	local collapse = tonumber(args.collapse) or 0
 
 	-- replacetext (rt) is a string that is returned instead of any non-empty Wikidata value
 	-- this is useful for tracking and debugging
 	local replacetext = mw.text.trim(args.rt or args.replacetext or &quot;&quot;)
 
 	-- if there's anything to return, then return a list
 	-- comma-separated by default, but may be specified by the sep parameter
 	-- optionally specify a hlist or ubl or a prose list, etc.
 	local strout
 	if #out &gt; 0 then
 		if sorted then table.sort(out) end
 		-- if there's something to display and a pen icon is wanted, add it the end of the last value
 		local hasdisplay = false
 		for i, v in ipairs(out) do
 			if v ~= i18n.missinginfocat then
 				hasdisplay = true
 				break
 			end
 		end
 		if not noic and hasdisplay then
 			out[#out] = out[#out] .. createicon(args.langobj.code, entityID, propertyID)
 		end
 		if list == &quot;&quot; then
 			strout = table.concat(out, separator)
 		elseif list:lower() == &quot;prose&quot; then
 			strout = mw.text.listToText( out )
 		else
 			strout = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = list, args = out}
 		end
 		if collapse &gt;0 and #out &gt; collapse then
 			strout = collapsediv .. strout .. &quot;&lt;/div&gt;&quot;
 		end
 	else
 		strout = nil -- no items had valid reference
 	end
 	if replacetext ~= &quot;&quot; and strout then strout = replacetext end
 	return strout
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- rendersnak takes a table (propval) containing the information stored on one property value
 -- and returns the value as a string and its language if monolingual text.
 -- It handles data of type:
 --		wikibase-item
 --		time
 --		string, url, commonsMedia, external-id
 --		quantity
 --		globe-coordinate
 --		monolingualtext
 -- It also requires linked, the link/pre/postfixes, uabbr, and the arguments passed from frame.
 -- The optional filter parameter allows quantities to be be filtered by unit Qid.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam(); labelOrId(); i18n[]; dateFormat();
 -- roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS(); linkedItem();
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local rendersnak = function(propval, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter)
 	lpre = lpre or &quot;&quot;
 	lpost = lpost or &quot;&quot;
 	pre = pre or &quot;&quot;
 	post = post or &quot;&quot;
 	args.lang = args.lang or findLang().code
 	-- allow values to display a fixed text instead of label
 	local dtxt = args.displaytext or args.dt
 	if dtxt == &quot;&quot; then dtxt = nil end
 	-- switch to use display of short name (P1813) instead of label
 	local shortname = args.shortname or args.sn
 	shortname = parseParam(shortname, false)
 	local snak = propval.mainsnak or propval
 	local dtype = snak.datatype
 	local dv = snak.datavalue
 	dv = dv and dv.value
 	-- value and monolingual text language code returned
 	local val, mlt
 	if propval.rank and not args.reqranks[propval.rank:sub(1, 1)] then
 		-- val is nil: value has a rank that isn't requested
 		------------------------------------
 	elseif snak.snaktype == &quot;somevalue&quot; then -- value is unknown
 		val = i18n[&quot;Unknown&quot;]
 		------------------------------------
 	elseif snak.snaktype == &quot;novalue&quot; then -- value is none
 		-- val = &quot;No value&quot; -- don't return anything
 		------------------------------------
 	elseif dtype == &quot;wikibase-item&quot; then -- data type is a wikibase item:
 		-- it's wiki-linked value, so output as link if enabled and possible
 		local qnumber = dv.id
 		if linked then
 			val = linkedItem(qnumber, args)
 		else -- no link wanted so check for display-text, otherwise test for lang code
 			local label, islabel
 			if dtxt then
 				label = dtxt
 			else
 				label, islabel = labelOrId(qnumber)
 				local langlabel = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(qnumber, args.lang)
 				if langlabel then
 					label = mw.text.nowiki( langlabel )
 				end
 			end
 			val = pre .. label .. post
 		end -- test for link required
 		------------------------------------
 	elseif dtype == &quot;time&quot; then -- data type is time:
 		-- time is in timestamp format
 		-- date precision is integer per mediawiki
 		-- output formatting according to preferences (y/dmy/mdy)
 		-- BC format as BC or BCE
 		-- plaindate is passed to disable looking for &quot;sourcing cirumstances&quot;
 		-- or to set the adjectival form
 		-- qualifiers (if any) is a nested table or nil
 		-- lang is given, or user language, or site language
 		--
 		-- Here we can check whether args.df has a value
 		-- If not, use code from Module:Sandbox/RexxS/Getdateformat to set it from templates like {{Use mdy dates}}
 		val = dateFormat(dv.time, dv.precision, args.df, args.bc, args.pd, propval.qualifiers, args.lang, &quot;&quot;, dv.calendarmodel)
 		------------------------------------
 	-- data types which are strings:
 	elseif dtype == &quot;commonsMedia&quot; or dtype == &quot;external-id&quot; or dtype == &quot;string&quot; or dtype == &quot;url&quot; then
 		-- commonsMedia or external-id or string or url
 		-- all have mainsnak.datavalue.value as string
 		if (lpre == &quot;&quot; or lpre == &quot;:&quot;) and lpost == &quot;&quot; then
 			-- don't link if no linkpre/postfix or linkprefix is just &quot;:&quot;
 			val = pre .. dv .. post
 		elseif dtype == &quot;external-id&quot; then
 			val = &quot;[&quot; .. lpre .. dv .. lpost .. &quot; &quot; .. pre .. dv .. post .. &quot;]&quot;
 		else
 			val = &quot;[[&quot; .. lpre .. dv .. lpost .. &quot;|&quot; .. pre .. dv .. post .. &quot;]]&quot;
 		end -- check for link requested (i.e. either linkprefix or linkpostfix exists)
 		------------------------------------
 	-- data types which are quantities:
 	elseif dtype == &quot;quantity&quot; then
 		-- quantities have mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount and mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit
 		-- the unit is of the form http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q829073
 		--
 		-- implement a switch to turn on/off numerical formatting later
 		local fnum = true
 		--
 		-- a switch to turn on/off conversions - only for en-wiki
 		local conv = parseParam(args.conv or args.convert, false)
 		-- if we have conversions, we won't have formatted numbers or scales
 		if conv then
 			uabbr = true
 			fnum = false
 			args.scale = &quot;0&quot;
 		end
 		--
 		-- a switch to turn on/off showing units, default is true
 		local showunits = parseParam(args.su or args.showunits, true)
 		--
 		-- convert amount to a number
 		local amount = tonumber(dv.amount) or i18n[&quot;NaN&quot;]
 		--
 		-- scale factor for millions, billions, etc.
 		local sc = tostring(args.scale or &quot;&quot;):sub(1,1):lower()
 		local scale
 		if sc == &quot;a&quot; then
 			-- automatic scaling
 			if amount &gt; 1e15 then
 				scale = 12
 			elseif amount &gt; 1e12 then
 				scale = 9
 			elseif amount &gt; 1e9 then
 				scale = 6
 			elseif amount &gt; 1e6 then
 				scale = 3
 			else
 				scale = 0
 			end
 		else
 			scale = tonumber(args.scale) or 0
 			if scale &lt; 0 or scale &gt; 12 then scale = 0 end
 			scale = math.floor(scale/3) * 3
 		end
 		local factor = 10^scale
 		amount = amount / factor
 		-- ranges:
 		local range = &quot;&quot;
 		-- check if upper and/or lower bounds are given and significant
 		local upb = tonumber(dv.upperBound)
 		local lowb = tonumber(dv.lowerBound)
 		if upb and lowb then
 			-- differences rounded to 2 sig fig:
 			local posdif = roundto(upb - amount, 2) / factor
 			local negdif = roundto(amount - lowb, 2) / factor
 			upb, lowb = amount + posdif, amount - negdif
 			-- round scaled numbers to integers or 4 sig fig
 			if (scale &gt; 0 or sc == &quot;a&quot;) then
 				if amount &lt; 1e4 then
 					amount = roundto(amount, 4)
 				else
 					amount = math.floor(amount + 0.5)
 				end
 			end
 			if fnum then amount = args.langobj:formatNum( amount ) end
 			if posdif ~= negdif then
 				-- non-symmetrical
 				range = &quot; +&quot; .. posdif .. &quot; -&quot; .. negdif
 			elseif posdif ~= 0 then
 				-- symmetrical and non-zero
 				range = &quot; ±&quot; .. posdif
 			else
 				-- otherwise range is zero, so leave it as &quot;&quot;
 			end
 		else
 			-- round scaled numbers to integers or 4 sig fig
 			if (scale &gt; 0 or sc == &quot;a&quot;) then
 				if amount &lt; 1e4 then
 					amount = roundto(amount, 4)
 				else
 					amount = math.floor(amount + 0.5)
 				end
 			end
 			if fnum then amount = args.langobj:formatNum( amount ) end
 		end
 		-- unit names and symbols:
 		-- extract the qid in the form 'Qnnn' from the value.unit url
 		-- and then fetch the label from that - or symbol if unitabbr is true
 		local unit = &quot;&quot;
 		local usep = &quot;&quot;
 		local usym = &quot;&quot;
 		local unitqid = string.match( dv.unit, &quot;(Q%d+)&quot; )
 		if filter and unitqid ~= filter then return nil end
 		if unitqid and showunits then
 			local uname = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(unitqid, args.lang) or &quot;&quot;
 			if uname ~= &quot;&quot; then usep, unit = &quot; &quot;, uname end
 			if uabbr then
 				-- see if there's a unit symbol (P5061)
 				local unitsymbols = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(unitqid, &quot;P5061&quot;)
 				-- construct fallback table, add local lang and multiple languages
 				local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( args.lang )
 				table.insert( fbtbl, 1, args.lang )
 				table.insert( fbtbl, 1, &quot;mul&quot; )
 				local found = false
 				for idx1, us in ipairs(unitsymbols) do
 					for idx2, fblang in ipairs(fbtbl) do
 						if us.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == fblang then
 							usym = us.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text
 							found = true
 							break
 						end
 					if found then break end
 					end -- loop through fallback table
 				end -- loop through values of P5061
 				if found then usep, unit = &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;, usym end
 			end
 		end
 		-- format display:
 		if conv then
 			if range == &quot;&quot; then
 				val = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = &quot;cvt&quot;, args = {amount, unit}}
 			else
 				val = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = &quot;cvt&quot;, args = {lowb, &quot;to&quot;, upb, unit}}
 			end
 		elseif unit == &quot;$&quot; or unit == &quot;£&quot; then
 			val = unit .. amount .. range .. i18n.multipliers[scale]
 		else
 			val = amount .. range .. i18n.multipliers[scale] .. usep .. unit
 		end
 		------------------------------------
 	-- datatypes which are global coordinates:
 	elseif dtype == &quot;globe-coordinate&quot; then
 		-- 'display' parameter defaults to &quot;inline, title&quot; *** unused for now ***
 		-- local disp = args.display or &quot;&quot;
 		-- if disp == &quot;&quot; then disp = &quot;inline, title&quot; end
 		--
 		-- format parameter switches from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
 		-- default is deg/min/sec -- decimal degrees needs |format = dec
 		local form = (args.format or &quot;&quot;):lower():sub(1,3)
 		if form ~= &quot;dec&quot; then form = &quot;dms&quot; end -- not needed for now
 		--
 		-- show parameter allows just the latitude, or just the longitude, or both
 		-- to be returned as a signed decimal, ignoring the format parameter.
 		local show = (args.show or &quot;&quot;):lower()
 		if show ~= &quot;longlat&quot; then show = show:sub(1,3) end
 		--
 		local lat, long, prec = dv.latitude, dv.longitude, dv.precision
 		if show == &quot;lat&quot; then
 			val = decimalPrecision(lat, prec)
 		elseif show == &quot;lon&quot; then
 			val = decimalPrecision(long, prec)
 		elseif show == &quot;longlat&quot; then
 			val = decimalPrecision(long, prec) .. &quot;, &quot; .. decimalPrecision(lat, prec)
 		else
 			local ns = &quot;N&quot;
 			local ew = &quot;E&quot;
 			if lat &lt; 0 then
 				ns = &quot;S&quot;
 				lat = - lat
 			end
 			if long &lt; 0 then
 				ew = &quot;W&quot;
 				long = - long
 			end
 			if form == &quot;dec&quot; then
 				lat = decimalPrecision(lat, prec)
 				long = decimalPrecision(long, prec)
 				val = lat .. &quot;°&quot; .. ns .. &quot; &quot; .. long ..  &quot;°&quot; .. ew
 			else
 				local latdeg, latmin, latsec = decimalToDMS(lat, prec)
 				local longdeg, longmin, longsec = decimalToDMS(long, prec)
 
 				if latsec == 0 and longsec == 0 then
 					if latmin == 0 and longmin == 0 then
 						val = latdeg .. &quot;°&quot; .. ns .. &quot; &quot; .. longdeg ..  &quot;°&quot; .. ew
 					else
 						val = latdeg .. &quot;°&quot; .. latmin .. &quot;′&quot; .. ns .. &quot; &quot;
 						val = val .. longdeg .. &quot;°&quot;.. longmin .. &quot;′&quot; .. ew
 					end
 				else
 					val = latdeg .. &quot;°&quot; .. latmin .. &quot;′&quot; .. latsec .. &quot;″&quot; .. ns .. &quot; &quot;
 					val = val .. longdeg .. &quot;°&quot; .. longmin .. &quot;′&quot; .. longsec .. &quot;″&quot; .. ew
 				end
 			end
 		end
 		------------------------------------
 	elseif dtype == &quot;monolingualtext&quot; then -- data type is Monolingual text:
 		-- has mainsnak.datavalue.value as a table containing language/text pairs
 		-- collect all the values in 'out' and languages in 'mlt' and process them later
 		val = pre .. dv.text .. post
 		mlt = dv.language
 		------------------------------------
 	else
 		-- some other data type so write a specific handler
 		val = &quot;unknown data type: &quot; .. dtype
 	end -- of datatype/unknown value/sourced check
 	return val, mlt
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- propertyvalueandquals takes a property object, the arguments passed from frame,
 -- and a qualifier propertyID.
 -- It returns a sequence (table) of values representing the values of that property
 -- and qualifiers that match the qualifierID if supplied.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam(); sourced(); labelOrId(); i18n.latestdatequalifier(); format_Date();
 -- makeOrdinal(); roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS(); assembleoutput();
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local function propertyvalueandquals(objproperty, args, qualID)
 	-- needs this style of declaration because it's re-entrant
 
 	-- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return only values sourced to other than Wikipedia
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true)
 
 	-- linked is a a boolean that enables the link to a local page via sitelink
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true
 	local linked = parseParam(args.linked, true)
 
 	-- prefix is a string that may be nil, empty (&quot;&quot;), or a string of characters
 	-- this is prefixed to each value
 	-- useful when when multiple values are returned
 	-- any double-quotes &quot; are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed
 	local prefix = (args.prefix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 
 	-- postfix is a string that may be nil, empty (&quot;&quot;), or a string of characters
 	-- this is postfixed to each value
 	-- useful when when multiple values are returned
 	-- any double-quotes &quot; are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed
 	local postfix = (args.postfix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 
 	-- linkprefix is a string that may be nil, empty (&quot;&quot;), or a string of characters
 	-- this creates a link and is then prefixed to each value
 	-- useful when when multiple values are returned and indirect links are needed
 	-- any double-quotes &quot; are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed
 	local lprefix = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 
 	-- linkpostfix is a string that may be nil, empty (&quot;&quot;), or a string of characters
 	-- this is postfixed to each value when linking is enabled with lprefix
 	-- useful when when multiple values are returned
 	-- any double-quotes &quot; are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed
 	local lpostfix = (args.linkpostfix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 
 	-- wdlinks is a boolean passed to enable links to Wikidata when no article exists
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false
 	local wdl = parseParam(args.wdlinks or args.wdl, false)
 
 	-- unitabbr is a boolean passed to enable unit abbreviations for common units
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false
 	local uabbr = parseParam(args.unitabbr or args.uabbr, false)
 
 	-- qualsonly is a boolean passed to return just the qualifiers
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false
 	local qualsonly = parseParam(args.qualsonly or args.qo, false)
 
 	-- maxvals is a string that may be nil, empty (&quot;&quot;), or a number
 	-- this determines how many items may be returned when multiple values are available
 	-- setting it = 1 is useful where the returned string is used within another call, e.g. image
 	local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0
 
 	-- pd (plain date) is a string: yes/true/1 | no/false/0 | adj
 	-- to disable/enable &quot;sourcing cirumstances&quot; or use adjectival form for the plain date
 	local pd = args.plaindate or args.pd or &quot;no&quot;
 	args.pd = pd
 
 	-- allow qualifiers to have a different date format; default to year unless qualsonly is set
 	args.qdf = args.qdf or args.qualifierdateformat or args.df or (not qualsonly and &quot;y&quot;)
 
 	local lang = args.lang or findLang().code
 
     -- qualID is a string list of wanted qualifiers or &quot;ALL&quot;
     qualID = qualID or &quot;&quot;
     -- capitalise list of wanted qualifiers and substitute &quot;DATES&quot;
     qualID = qualID:upper():gsub(&quot;DATES&quot;, &quot;P580, P582&quot;)
     local allflag = (qualID == &quot;ALL&quot;)
     -- create table of wanted qualifiers as key
     local qwanted = {}
     -- create sequence of wanted qualifiers
     local qorder = {}
     for q in mw.text.gsplit(qualID, &quot;%p&quot;) do -- split at punctuation and iterate
         local qtrim = mw.text.trim(q)
         if qtrim ~= &quot;&quot; then
             qwanted[mw.text.trim(q)] = true
             qorder[#qorder+1] = qtrim
         end
     end
     -- qsep is the output separator for rendering qualifier list
     local qsep = (args.qsep or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
     -- qargs are the arguments to supply to assembleoutput()
     local qargs = {
         [&quot;osd&quot;]         = &quot;false&quot;,
         [&quot;linked&quot;]      = tostring(linked),
         [&quot;prefix&quot;]      = args.qprefix,
         [&quot;postfix&quot;]     = args.qpostfix,
         [&quot;linkprefix&quot;]  = args.qlinkprefix or args.qlp,
         [&quot;linkpostfix&quot;] = args.qlinkpostfix,
         [&quot;wdl&quot;]         = &quot;false&quot;,
         [&quot;unitabbr&quot;]    = tostring(uabbr),
         [&quot;maxvals&quot;]     = 0,
         [&quot;sorted&quot;]      = tostring(args.qsorted),
         [&quot;noicon&quot;]      = &quot;true&quot;,
         [&quot;list&quot;]        = args.qlist,
         [&quot;sep&quot;]         = qsep,
         [&quot;langobj&quot;]     = args.langobj,
         [&quot;lang&quot;]        = args.langobj.code,
         [&quot;df&quot;]          = args.qdf,
         [&quot;sn&quot;]          = parseParam(args.qsn or args.qshortname, false),
     }
 
 	-- all proper values of a Wikidata property will be the same type as the first
 	-- qualifiers don't have a mainsnak, properties do
 	local datatype = objproperty[1].datatype or objproperty[1].mainsnak.datatype
 
 	-- out[] holds the a list of returned values for this property
 	-- mlt[] holds the language code if the datatype is monolingual text
 	local out = {}
 	local mlt = {}
 
 	for k, v in ipairs(objproperty) do
 		local hasvalue = true
 		if (onlysrc and not sourced(v)) then
 			-- no value: it isn't sourced when onlysourced=true
 			hasvalue = false
 		else
 			local val, lcode = rendersnak(v, args, linked, lprefix, lpostfix, prefix, postfix, uabbr)
 			if not val then
 				hasvalue = false -- rank doesn't match
 			elseif qualsonly and qualID then
 				-- suppress value returned: only qualifiers are requested
 			else
 				out[#out+1], mlt[#out+1] = val, lcode
 			end
 		end
 
 		-- See if qualifiers are to be returned:
 		local snak = v.mainsnak or v
 		if hasvalue and v.qualifiers and qualID ~= &quot;&quot; and snak.snaktype~=&quot;novalue&quot; then
             -- collect all wanted qualifier values returned in qlist, indexed by propertyID
 			local qlist = {}
 			local timestart, timeend = &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;
             -- loop through qualifiers
             for k1, v1 in pairs(v.qualifiers) do
                 if allflag or qwanted[k1] then
                     if k1 == &quot;P1326&quot; then
                         local ts = v1[1].datavalue.value.time
                         local dp = v1[1].datavalue.value.precision
                         qlist[k1] = dateFormat(ts, dp, args.qdf, args.bc, pd, &quot;&quot;, lang, &quot;before&quot;)
                     elseif k1 == &quot;P1319&quot; then
                         local ts = v1[1].datavalue.value.time
                         local dp = v1[1].datavalue.value.precision
                         qlist[k1] = dateFormat(ts, dp, args.qdf, args.bc, pd, &quot;&quot;, lang, &quot;after&quot;)
                     elseif k1 == &quot;P580&quot; then
                         timestart = propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs)[1] or &quot;&quot; -- treat only one start time as valid
                     elseif k1 == &quot;P582&quot; then
                         timeend = propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs)[1] or &quot;&quot; -- treat only one end time as valid
                     else
                         local q = assembleoutput(propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs), qargs)
                         -- we already deal with circa via 'sourcing circumstances' if the datatype was time
                         -- circa may be either linked or unlinked *** internationalise later ***
                         if datatype ~= &quot;time&quot; or q ~= &quot;circa&quot; and not (type(q) == &quot;string&quot; and q:find(&quot;circa]]&quot;)) then
                             qlist[k1] = q
                         end
                     end
                 end -- of test for wanted
             end -- of loop through qualifiers
             -- set date separator
 			local t = timestart .. timeend
 			-- *** internationalise date separators later ***
 			local dsep = &quot;&amp;ndash;&quot;
 			if t:find(&quot;%s&quot;) or t:find(&quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;) then dsep = &quot; &amp;ndash; &quot; end
             -- set the order for the list of qualifiers returned; start time and end time go last
 			if next(qlist) then
                 local qlistout = {}
                 if allflag then
                     for k2, v2 in pairs(qlist) do
                         qlistout[#qlistout+1] = v2
                     end
                 else
                     for i2, v2 in ipairs(qorder) do
                         qlistout[#qlistout+1] = qlist[v2]
                     end
                 end
                 if t ~= &quot;&quot; then
                     qlistout[#qlistout+1] = timestart .. dsep .. timeend
                 end
 				local qstr = assembleoutput(qlistout, qargs)
 				if qualsonly then
 					out[#out+1] = qstr
 				else
 					out[#out] = out[#out] .. &quot; (&quot; .. qstr .. &quot;)&quot;
 				end
 			elseif t ~= &quot;&quot; then
 				if qualsonly then
 					if timestart == &quot;&quot; then
 						out[#out+1] = timeend
 					elseif timeend == &quot;&quot; then
 						out[#out+1] = timestart
 					else
 						out[#out+1] = timestart .. dsep .. timeend
 					end
 				else
 					out[#out] = out[#out] .. &quot; (&quot; .. timestart .. dsep .. timeend .. &quot;)&quot;
 				end
 			end
 		end -- of test for qualifiers wanted
 
 		if maxvals &gt; 0 and #out &gt;= maxvals then break end
 	end -- of for each value loop
 
 	-- we need to pick one value to return if the datatype was &quot;monolingualtext&quot;
 	-- if there's only one value, use that
 	-- otherwise look through the fallback languages for a match
 	if datatype == &quot;monolingualtext&quot; and #out &gt;1 then
 		lang = mw.text.split( lang, '-', true )[1]
 		local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( lang )
 		table.insert( fbtbl, 1, lang )
 		local bestval = &quot;&quot;
 		local found = false
 		for idx1, lang1 in ipairs(fbtbl) do
 			for idx2, lang2 in ipairs(mlt) do
 				if (lang1 == lang2) and not found then
 					bestval = out[idx2]
 					found = true
 					break
 				end
 			end -- loop through values of property
 		end -- loop through fallback languages
 		if found then
 			-- replace output table with a table containing the best value
 			out = { bestval }
 		else
 			-- more than one value and none of them on the list of fallback languages
 			-- sod it, just give them the first one
 			out = { out[1] }
 		end
 	end
 	return out
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Common code for p.getValueByQual and p.getValueByLang
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local _getvaluebyqual = function(frame, qualID, checkvalue)
 
 	-- The property ID that will have a qualifier is the first unnamed parameter
 	local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 	if propertyID == &quot;&quot; then return &quot;no property supplied&quot; end
 
 	if qualID == &quot;&quot; then return &quot;no qualifier supplied&quot; end
 
 	-- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return property values
 	-- only when property values are sourced to something other than Wikipedia
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true
 	-- if &quot;false&quot; or &quot;no&quot; or 0 is passed set it false
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true)
 
 	-- set the requested ranks flags
 	frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank)
 
 	-- set a language object and code in the frame.args table
 	frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang)
 	frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code
 
 	local args = frame.args
 
 	-- check for locally supplied parameter in second unnamed parameter
 	-- success means no local parameter and the property exists
 	local qid, props = parseInput(frame, args[2], propertyID)
 
 	local linked = parseParam(args.linked, true)
 	local lpre = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	local lpost = (args.linkpostfix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	local pre = (args.prefix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	local post = (args.postfix or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	local uabbr = parseParam(args.unitabbr or args.uabbr, false)
 	local filter = (args.unit or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0
 	if filter == &quot;&quot; then filter = nil end
 
 	if qid then
 		local out = {}
 		-- Scan through the values of the property
 		-- we want something like property is &quot;pronunciation audio (P443)&quot; in propertyID
 		-- with a qualifier like &quot;language of work or name (P407)&quot; in qualID
 		-- whose value has the required ID, like &quot;British English (Q7979)&quot;, in qval
 		for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do
 			if v1.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 				-- check if it has the right qualifier
 				local v1q = v1.qualifiers
 				if v1q and v1q[qualID] then
 					if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then
 						-- if we've got this far, we have a (sourced) claim with qualifiers
 						-- so see if matches the required value
 						-- We'll only deal with wikibase-items and strings for now
 						if v1q[qualID][1].datatype == &quot;wikibase-item&quot; then
 							if checkvalue(v1q[qualID][1].datavalue.value.id) then
 								out[#out + 1] = rendersnak(v1, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter)
 							end
 						elseif v1q[qualID][1].datatype == &quot;string&quot; then
 							if checkvalue(v1q[qualID][1].datavalue.value) then
 								out[#out + 1] = rendersnak(v1, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter)
 							end
 						end
 					end -- of check for sourced
 				end -- of check for matching required value and has qualifiers
 			else
 				return nil
 			end -- of check for string
 			if maxvals &gt; 0 and #out &gt;= maxvals then break end
 		end -- of loop through values of propertyID
 		return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID)
 	else
 		return props -- either local parameter or nothing
 	end -- of test for success
 	return nil
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- _location takes Q-id and follows P276 (location)
 -- or P131 (located in the administrative territorial entity) or P706 (located on terrain feature)
 -- from the initial item to higher level territories/locations until it reaches the highest.
 -- An optional boolean, 'first', determines whether the first item is returned (default: false).
 -- An optional boolean 'skip' toggles the display to skip to the last item (default: false).
 -- It returns a table containing the locations - linked where possible, except for the highest.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: findLang(); labelOrId(); linkedItem
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local _location = function(qid, first, skip)
 	first = parseParam(first, false)
 	skip = parseParam(skip, false)
 	local locs = {&quot;P276&quot;, &quot;P131&quot;, &quot;P706&quot;}
 	local out = {}
 	local langcode = findLang():getCode()
 	local finished = false
 	local count = 0
 	local prevqid = &quot;Q0&quot;
 	repeat
 		local prop
 		for i1, v1 in ipairs(locs) do
 			local proptbl = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, v1)
 			if #proptbl &gt; 1 then
 				-- there is more than one higher location
 				local prevP131, prevP131id
 				if prevqid ~= &quot;Q0&quot; then
 					prevP131 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(prevqid, &quot;P131&quot;)[1]
 					prevP131id = prevP131
 					and prevP131.mainsnak.datavalue
 					and prevP131.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 				end
 				for i2, v2 in ipairs(proptbl) do
 					local parttbl = v2.qualifiers and v2.qualifiers.P518
 					if parttbl then
 						-- this higher location has qualifier 'applies to part' (P518)
 						for i3, v3 in ipairs(parttbl) do
 							if v3.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; and v3.datavalue.value.id == prevqid then
 								-- it has a value equal to the previous location
 								prop = proptbl[i2]
 								break
 							end -- of test for matching last location
 						end -- of loop through values of 'applies to part'
 					else
 						-- there's no qualifier 'applies to part' (P518)
 						-- so check if the previous location had a P131 that matches this alternate
 						if qid == prevP131id then
 								prop = proptbl[i2]
 								break
 						end -- of test for matching previous P131
 					end
 				end -- of loop through parent locations
 				-- fallback to second value if match not found
 				prop = prop or proptbl[2]
 			elseif #proptbl &gt; 0 then
 				prop = proptbl[1]
 			end
 			if prop then break end
 		end
 
 		-- check if it's an instance of (P31) a country (Q6256) or sovereign state (Q3624078)
 		-- and terminate the chain if it is
 		local inst = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, &quot;P31&quot;)
 		if #inst &gt; 0 then
 			for k, v in ipairs(inst) do
 				local instid = v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 				-- stop if it's a country (or a country within the United Kingdom if skip is true)
 				if instid == &quot;Q6256&quot; or instid == &quot;Q3624078&quot; or (skip and instid == &quot;Q3336843&quot;) then
 					prop = nil -- this will ensure this is treated as top-level location
 					break
 				end
 			end
 		end
 
 		-- get the name of this location and update qid to point to the parent location
 		if prop and prop.mainsnak.datavalue then
 			if not skip or count == 0 then
 				local args = { lprefix = &quot;:&quot; }
 				out[#out+1] = linkedItem(qid, args) -- get a linked value if we can
 			end
 			qid, prevqid = prop.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id, qid
 		else
 			-- This is top-level location, so get short name except when this is the first item
 			-- Use full label if there's no short name or this is the first item
 			local prop1813 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, &quot;P1813&quot;)
 			-- if there's a short name and this isn't the only item
 			if prop1813[1] and (#out &gt; 0)then
 				local shortname
 				-- short name is monolingual text, so look for match to the local language
 				-- choose the shortest 'short name' in that language
 				for k, v in pairs(prop1813) do
 					if v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == langcode then
 						local name = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text
 						if (not shortname) or (#name &lt; #shortname) then
 							shortname = name
 						end
 					end
 				end
 				-- add the shortname if one is found, fallback to the label
 				-- but skip it if it's &quot;USA&quot;
 				if shortname ~= &quot;USA&quot; then
 					out[#out+1] = shortname or labelOrId(qid)
 				else
 					if skip then out[#out+1] = &quot;US&quot; end
 				end
 			else
 				-- no shortname, so just add the label
 				local loc = labelOrId(qid)
 				-- exceptions go here:
 				if loc == &quot;United States of America&quot; then
 					out[#out+1] = &quot;United States&quot;
 				else
 					out[#out+1] = loc
 				end
 			end
 			finished = true
 		end
 		count = count + 1
 	until finished or count &gt;= 10 -- limit to 10 levels to avoid infinite loops
 
 	-- remove the first location if not required
 	if not first then table.remove(out, 1) end
 
 	-- we might have duplicate text for consecutive locations, so remove them
 	if #out &gt; 2 then
 		local plain = {}
 		for i, v in ipairs(out) do
 			-- strip any links
 			plain[i] = v:gsub(&quot;^%[%[[^|]*|&quot;, &quot;&quot;):gsub(&quot;]]$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
 		end
 		local idx = 2
 		repeat
 			if plain[idx] == plain[idx-1] then
 				-- duplicate found
 				local removeidx = 0
 				if (plain[idx] ~= out[idx]) and (plain[idx-1] == out[idx-1]) then
 					-- only second one is linked, so drop the first
 					removeidx = idx - 1
 				elseif (plain[idx] == out[idx]) and (plain[idx-1] ~= out[idx-1]) then
 					-- only first one is linked, so drop the second
 					removeidx = idx
 				else
 					-- pick one
 					removeidx = idx - (os.time()%2)
 				end
 				table.remove(out, removeidx)
 				table.remove(plain, removeidx)
 			else
 				idx = idx +1
 			end
 		until idx &gt;= #out
 	end
 	return out
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- _getsumofparts scans the property 'has part' (P527) for values matching a list.
 -- The list (args.vlist) consists of a string of Qids separated by spaces or any usual punctuation.
 -- If the matched values have a qualifer 'quantity' (P1114), those quantites are summed.
 -- The sum is returned as a number (i.e. 0 if none)
 -- a table of arguments is supplied implementing the usual parameters.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: setRanks; parseParam; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 local _getsumofparts = function(args)
 	local vallist = (args.vlist or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if vallist == &quot;&quot; then return end
 	args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank)
 	local f = {}
 	f.args = args
 	local qid, props = parseInput(f, &quot;&quot;, &quot;P527&quot;)
 	if not qid then return 0 end
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true)
 	local sum = 0
 	for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do
 		if (onlysrc == false or sourced(v1))
 			and v1.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot;
 			and v1.mainsnak.datavalue.type == &quot;wikibase-entityid&quot;
 			and vallist:match( v1.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id )
 			and v1.qualifiers
 			then
 			local quals = v1.qualifiers[&quot;P1114&quot;]
 			if quals then
 				for k2, v2 in ipairs(quals) do
 					sum = sum + v2.datavalue.value.amount
 				end
 			end
 		end
 	end
 	return sum
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Public functions
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- _getValue makes the functionality of getValue available to other modules
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput; parseParam; sourced;
 -- labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date; makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p._getValue = function(args)
 	-- parameter sets for commonly used groups of parameters
 	local paraset = tonumber(args.ps or args.parameterset or 0)
 	if paraset == 1 then
 		-- a common setting
 		args.rank = &quot;best&quot;
 		args.fetchwikidata = &quot;ALL&quot;
 		args.onlysourced = &quot;no&quot;
 		args.noicon = &quot;true&quot;
 	elseif paraset == 2 then
 		-- equivalent to raw
 		args.rank = &quot;best&quot;
 		args.fetchwikidata = &quot;ALL&quot;
 		args.onlysourced = &quot;no&quot;
 		args.noicon = &quot;true&quot;
 		args.linked = &quot;no&quot;
 		args.pd = &quot;true&quot;
 	elseif paraset == 3 then
 		-- third set goes here
 	end
 
 	-- implement eid parameter
 	local eid = args.eid
 	if eid == &quot;&quot; then
 		return nil
 	elseif eid then
 		args.qid = eid
 	end
 
 	local propertyID = mw.text.trim(args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 
 	args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank)
 
 	-- replacetext (rt) is a string that is returned instead of any non-empty Wikidata value
 	-- this is useful for tracking and debugging, so we set fetchwikidata=ALL to fill the whitelist
 	local replacetext = mw.text.trim(args.rt or args.replacetext or &quot;&quot;)
 	if replacetext ~= &quot;&quot; then
 		args.fetchwikidata = &quot;ALL&quot;
 	end
 
 	local f = {}
 	f.args = args
 	local entityid, props = parseInput(f, f.args[2], propertyID)
 
 	if not entityid then
 		return props -- either the input parameter or nothing
 	end
 
 	-- qual is a string containing the property ID of the qualifier(s) to be returned
 	-- if qual == &quot;ALL&quot; then all qualifiers returned
 	-- if qual == &quot;DATES&quot; then qualifiers P580 (start time) and P582 (end time) returned
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it nil -&gt; no qualifiers returned
 	local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if qualID == &quot;&quot; then qualID = nil end
 
 	-- set a language object and code in the args table
 	args.langobj = findLang(args.lang)
 	args.lang = args.langobj.code
 
 	-- table 'out' stores the return value(s):
 	local out = propertyvalueandquals(props, args, qualID)
 
 	-- format the table of values and return it as a string:
 	return assembleoutput(out, args, entityid, propertyID)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getValue is used to get the value(s) of a property
 -- The property ID is passed as the first unnamed parameter and is required.
 -- A locally supplied parameter may optionaly be supplied as the second unnamed parameter.
 -- The function will now also return qualifiers if parameter qual is supplied
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: _getValue; setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput; parseParam; sourced;
 -- labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date; makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getValue = function(frame)
 	local args= frame.args
 	if not args[1] then
 		args = frame:getParent().args
 		if not args[1] then return i18n.errors[&quot;No property supplied&quot;] end
 	end
 
 	return p._getValue(args)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getPreferredValue is used to get a value,
 -- (or a comma separated list of them if multiple values exist).
 -- If preferred ranks are set, it will return those values, otherwise values with normal ranks
 -- now redundant to getValue with |rank=best
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: p.getValue; setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput;
 -- parseParam; sourced; labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date;
 -- makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getPreferredValue = function(frame)
 	frame.args.rank = &quot;best&quot;
 	return p.getValue(frame)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getCoords is used to get coordinates for display in an infobox
 -- whitelist and blacklist are implemented
 -- optional 'display' parameter is allowed, defaults to nil - was &quot;inline, title&quot;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: setRanks(); parseInput(); decimalPrecision();
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getCoords = function(frame)
 	local propertyID = &quot;P625&quot;
 
 	-- if there is a 'display' parameter supplied, use it
 	-- otherwise default to nothing
 	local disp = frame.args.display or &quot;&quot;
 	if disp == &quot;&quot; then
 		disp = nil -- default to not supplying display parameter, was &quot;inline, title&quot;
 	end
 
 	-- there may be a format parameter to switch from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
 	-- default is deg/min/sec
 	-- decimal degrees needs |format = dec
 	local form = (frame.args.format or &quot;&quot;):lower():sub(1,3)
 	if form ~= &quot;dec&quot; then
 		form = &quot;dms&quot;
 	end
 
 	-- just deal with best values
 	frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(&quot;best&quot;)
 
 	local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[1], propertyID)
 	if not qid then
 		return props -- either local parameter or nothing
 	else
 		local dv = props[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value
 		local lat, long, prec = dv.latitude, dv.longitude, dv.precision
 		lat = decimalPrecision(lat, prec)
 		long = decimalPrecision(long, prec)
 		local lat_long = { lat, long }
 		lat_long[&quot;display&quot;] = disp
 		lat_long[&quot;format&quot;] = form
 		-- invoke template Coord with the values stored in the table
 		return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'coord', args = lat_long}
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getQualifierValue is used to get a formatted value of a qualifier
 --
 -- The call needs:	a property (the unnamed parameter or 1=)
 -- 					a target value for that property (pval=)
 --					a qualifier for that target value (qual=)
 -- The usual whitelisting and blacklisting of the property is implemented
 -- The boolean onlysourced= parameter can be set to return nothing
 -- when the property is unsourced (or only sourced to Wikipedia)
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam(); setRanks(); parseInput(); sourced();
 -- propertyvalueandquals(); assembleoutput();
 -- labelOrId(); i18n.latestdatequalifier(); format_Date();
 -- findLang(); makeOrdinal(); roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS();
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getQualifierValue = function(frame)
 
 	-- The property ID that will have a qualifier is the first unnamed parameter
 	local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 
 	-- The value of the property we want to match whose qualifier value is to be returned
 	-- is passed in named parameter |pval=
 	local propvalue = frame.args.pval
 
 	-- The property ID of the qualifier
 	-- whose value is to be returned is passed in named parameter |qual=
 	local qualifierID = frame.args.qual
 
 	-- A filter can be set like this: filter=P642==Q22674854
 	local filter, fprop, fval
 	local ftable = mw.text.split(frame.args.filter or &quot;&quot;, &quot;==&quot;)
 	if ftable[2] then
 		fprop = mw.text.trim(ftable[1])
 		fval = mw.text.trim(ftable[2])
 		filter = true
 	end
 
 	-- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return qualifiers
 	-- only when property values are sourced to something other than Wikipedia
 	-- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true
 	-- if &quot;false&quot; or &quot;no&quot; or 0 is passed set it false
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true)
 
 	-- set a language object and language code in the frame.args table
 	frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang)
 	frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code
 
 	-- set the requested ranks flags
 	frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank)
 
 	-- check for locally supplied parameter in second unnamed parameter
 	-- success means no local parameter and the property exists
 	local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[2], propertyID)
 	if qid then
 		local out = {}
 		-- Scan through the values of the property
 		-- we want something like property is P793, significant event (in propertyID)
 		-- whose value is something like Q385378, construction (in propvalue)
 		-- then we can return the value(s) of a qualifier such as P580, start time (in qualifierID)
 		for k1, v1 in pairs(props) do
 			if v1.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; and v1.mainsnak.datavalue.type == &quot;wikibase-entityid&quot; then
 				-- It's a wiki-linked value, so check if it's the target (in propvalue) and if it has qualifiers
 				if v1.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == propvalue and v1.qualifiers then
 					if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then
 						-- if we've got this far, we have a (sourced) claim with qualifiers
 						-- which matches the target, so apply the filter and find the value(s) of the qualifier we want
 						if not filter or (v1.qualifiers[fprop] and v1.qualifiers[fprop][1].datavalue.value.id == fval) then
 							local quals = v1.qualifiers[qualifierID]
 							if quals then
 								-- can't reference qualifer, so set onlysourced = &quot;no&quot; (args are strings, not boolean)
 								local qargs = frame.args
 								qargs.onlysourced = &quot;no&quot;
 								local vals = propertyvalueandquals(quals, qargs, qid)
 								for k, v in ipairs(vals) do
 									out[#out + 1] = v
 								end
 							end
 						end
 					end -- of check for sourced
 				end -- of check for matching required value and has qualifiers
 			end -- of check for wikibase entity
 		end -- of loop through values of propertyID
 		return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID)
 	else
 		return props -- either local parameter or nothing
 	end -- of test for success
 	return nil
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getSumOfParts scans the property 'has part' (P527) for values matching a list.
 -- The list is passed in parameter vlist.
 -- It consists of a string of Qids separated by spaces or any usual punctuation.
 -- If the matched values have a qualifier 'quantity' (P1114), those quantities are summed.
 -- The sum is returned as a number or nothing if zero.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: _getsumofparts;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getSumOfParts = function(frame)
 	local sum = _getsumofparts(frame.args)
 	if sum == 0 then return end
 	return sum
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getValueByQual gets the value of a property which has a qualifier with a given entity value
 -- The call needs:
 --					a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx)
 --					the ID of a qualifier for that property (qualID=Pyyy)
 --					either the Wikibase-entity ID of a value for that qualifier (qvalue=Qzzz)
 --					or a string value for that qualifier (qvalue=abc123)
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: _getvaluebyqual; parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced;
 -- assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getValueByQual = function(frame)
 	local qualID = frame.args.qualID
 	-- The Q-id of the value for the qualifier we want to match is in named parameter |qvalue=
 	local qval = frame.args.qvalue or &quot;&quot;
 	if qval == &quot;&quot; then return &quot;no qualifier value supplied&quot; end
 	local function checkQID(id)
 		return id == qval
 	end
 	return _getvaluebyqual(frame, qualID, checkQID)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getValueByLang gets the value of a property which has a qualifier P407
 -- (&quot;language of work or name&quot;) whose value has the given language code
 -- The call needs:
 --					a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx)
 --					the MediaWiki language code to match the language (lang=xx[-yy])
 --					(if no code is supplied, it uses the default language)
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: _getvaluebyqual; parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getValueByLang = function(frame)
 	-- The language code for the qualifier we want to match is in named parameter |lang=
 	local langcode = findLang(frame.args.lang).code
 	local function checkLanguage(id)
 		-- id should represent a language like &quot;British English (Q7979)&quot;
 		-- it should have string property &quot;Wikimedia language code (P424)&quot;
 		-- qlcode will be a table:
 		local qlcode = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, &quot;P424&quot;)
 		if (#qlcode &gt; 0) and (qlcode[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value == langcode) then
 			return true
 		end
 	end
 	return _getvaluebyqual(frame, &quot;P407&quot;, checkLanguage)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getValueByRefSource gets the value of a property which has a reference &quot;stated in&quot; (P248)
 -- whose value has the given entity-ID.
 -- The call needs:
 --					a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx)
 --					the entity ID of a value to match where the reference is stated in (match=Qzzz)
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getValueByRefSource = function(frame)
 	-- The property ID that we want to check is the first unnamed parameter
 	local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if propertyID == &quot;&quot; then return &quot;no property supplied&quot; end
 
 	-- The Q-id of the value we want to match is in named parameter |qvalue=
 	local qval = (frame.args.match or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if qval == &quot;&quot; then qval = &quot;Q21540096&quot; end
 
 	local unit = (frame.args.unit or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if unit == &quot;&quot; then unit = &quot;Q4917&quot; end
 
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true)
 
 	-- set the requested ranks flags
 	frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank)
 
 	-- set a language object and code in the frame.args table
 	frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang)
 	frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code
 
 	local linked = parseParam(frame.args.linked, true)
 
 	local uabbr = parseParam(frame.args.uabbr or frame.args.unitabbr, false)
 
 	-- qid not nil means no local parameter and the property exists
 	local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[2], propertyID)
 
 	if qid then
 		local out = {}
 		local mlt= {}
 		for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do
 			if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then
 				if v1.references then
 					for k2, v2 in ipairs(v1.references) do
 						if v2.snaks.P248 then
 							for k3, v3 in ipairs(v2.snaks.P248) do
 								if v3.datavalue.value.id == qval then
 									out[#out+1], mlt[#out+1] = rendersnak(v1, frame.args, linked, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, uabbr, unit)
 									if not mlt[#out] then
 										-- we only need one match per property value
 										-- unless datatype was monolingual text
 										break
 									end
 								end -- of test for match
 							end -- of loop through values &quot;stated in&quot;
 						end -- of test that &quot;stated in&quot; exists
 					end -- of loop through references
 				end -- of test that references exist
 			end -- of test for sourced
 		end -- of loop through values of propertyID
 		if #mlt &gt; 0 then
 			local langcode = frame.args.lang
 			langcode = mw.text.split( langcode, '-', true )[1]
 			local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( langcode )
 			table.insert( fbtbl, 1, langcode )
 			local bestval = &quot;&quot;
 			local found = false
 			for idx1, lang1 in ipairs(fbtbl) do
 				for idx2, lang2 in ipairs(mlt) do
 					if (lang1 == lang2) and not found then
 						bestval = out[idx2]
 						found = true
 						break
 					end
 				end -- loop through values of property
 			end -- loop through fallback languages
 			if found then
 				-- replace output table with a table containing the best value
 				out = { bestval }
 			else
 				-- more than one value and none of them on the list of fallback languages
 				-- sod it, just give them the first one
 				out = { out[1] }
 			end
 		end
 		return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID)
 	else
 		return props -- no property or local parameter supplied
 	end -- of test for success
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getPropertyIDs takes most of the usual parameters.
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented.
 -- It returns the Entity-IDs (Qids) of the values of a property if it is a Wikibase-Entity.
 -- Otherwise it returns nothing.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p._getPropertyIDs = function(args)
 	args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank)
 	args.langobj = findLang(args.lang)
 	args.lang = args.langobj.code
 	-- change default for noicon to true
 	args.noicon = tostring(parseParam(args.noicon or &quot;&quot;, true))
 	local f = {}
 	f.args = args
 	local pid = mw.text.trim(args[1] or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 
 	-- get the qid and table of claims for the property, or nothing and the local value passed
 	local qid, props = parseInput(f, args[2], pid)
 	if not qid then return props end
 	if not props[1] then return nil end
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true)
 	local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0
 
 	local out = {}
 	for i, v in ipairs(props) do
 		local snak = v.mainsnak
 		if ( snak.datatype == &quot;wikibase-item&quot; )
 			and ( v.rank and args.reqranks[v.rank:sub(1, 1)] )
 			and ( snak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; )
 			and ( sourced(v) or not onlysrc )
 			then
 			out[#out+1] = snak.datavalue.value.id
 		end
 		if maxvals &gt; 0 and #out &gt;= maxvals then break end
 	end
 
 	return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid)
 end
 
 p.getPropertyIDs = function(frame)
 	local args = frame.args
 	return p._getPropertyIDs(args)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getQualifierIDs takes most of the usual parameters.
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented.
 -- It takes a property-id as the first unnamed parameter, and an optional parameter qlist
 -- which is a list of qualifier property-ids to search for (default is &quot;ALL&quot;)
 -- It returns the Entity-IDs (Qids) of the values of a property if it is a Wikibase-Entity.
 -- Otherwise it returns nothing.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getQualifierIDs = function(frame)
 	local args = frame.args
 	args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank)
 	args.langobj = findLang(args.lang)
 	args.lang = args.langobj.code
 	-- change default for noicon to true
 	args.noicon = tostring(parseParam(args.noicon or &quot;&quot;, true))
 	local f = {}
 	f.args = args
 	local pid = mw.text.trim(args[1] or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 
 	-- get the qid and table of claims for the property, or nothing and the local value passed
 	local qid, props = parseInput(f, args[2], pid)
 	if not qid then return props end
 	if not props[1] then return nil end
 	-- get the other parameters
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true)
 	local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0
 	local qlist = args.qlist or &quot;&quot;
 	if qlist == &quot;&quot; then qlist = &quot;ALL&quot; end
 	qlist = qlist:gsub(&quot;[%p%s]+&quot;, &quot; &quot;) .. &quot; &quot;
 
 	local out = {}
 	for i, v in ipairs(props) do
 		local snak = v.mainsnak
 		if ( v.rank and args.reqranks[v.rank:sub(1, 1)] )
 			and ( snak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; )
 			and ( sourced(v) or not onlysrc )
 			then
 			if v.qualifiers then
 				for k1, v1 in pairs(v.qualifiers) do
 					if qlist == &quot;ALL &quot; or qlist:match(k1 .. &quot; &quot;) then
 						for i2, v2 in ipairs(v1) do
 							if v2.datatype == &quot;wikibase-item&quot; and v2.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 								out[#out+1] = v2.datavalue.value.id
 							end -- of test that id exists
 						end -- of loop through qualifier values
 					end -- of test for kq in qlist
 				end -- of loop through qualifiers
 			end -- of test for qualifiers
 		end -- of test for rank value, sourced, and value exists
 		if maxvals &gt; 0 and #out &gt;= maxvals then break end
 	end -- of loop through property values
 
 	return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getPropOfProp takes two propertyIDs: prop1 and prop2 (as well as the usual parameters)
 -- If the value(s) of prop1 are of type &quot;wikibase-item&quot; then it returns the value(s) of prop2
 -- of each of those wikibase-items.
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p._getPropOfProp = function(args)
 	-- parameter sets for commonly used groups of parameters
 	local paraset = tonumber(args.ps or args.parameterset or 0)
 	if paraset == 1 then
 		-- a common setting
 		args.rank = &quot;best&quot;
 		args.fetchwikidata = &quot;ALL&quot;
 		args.onlysourced = &quot;no&quot;
 		args.noicon = &quot;true&quot;
 	elseif paraset == 2 then
 		-- equivalent to raw
 		args.rank = &quot;best&quot;
 		args.fetchwikidata = &quot;ALL&quot;
 		args.onlysourced = &quot;no&quot;
 		args.noicon = &quot;true&quot;
 		args.linked = &quot;no&quot;
 		args.pd = &quot;true&quot;
 	elseif paraset == 3 then
 		-- third set goes here
 	end
 
 	args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank)
 	args.langobj = findLang(args.lang)
 	args.lang = args.langobj.code
 	local pid1 = args.prop1 or args.pid1 or &quot;&quot;
 	local pid2 = args.prop2 or args.pid2 or &quot;&quot;
 	if pid1 == &quot;&quot; or pid2 == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
 
 	local f = {}
 	f.args = args
 	local qid1, statements1 = parseInput(f, args[1], pid1)
 	-- parseInput nulls empty args[1] and returns args[1] if nothing on Wikidata
 	if not qid1 then return statements1 end
 	-- otherwise it returns the qid and a table for the statement
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true)
 	local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0
 	local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if qualID == &quot;&quot; then qualID = nil end
 	local out = {}
 	for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do
 		if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then
 			local snak = v.mainsnak
 			if snak.datatype == &quot;wikibase-item&quot; and snak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 				local qid2 = snak.datavalue.value.id
 				local statements2 = {}
 				if args.reqranks.b then
 					statements2 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid2, pid2)
 				else
 					statements2 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid2, pid2)
 				end
 				if statements2[1] then
 					local out2 = propertyvalueandquals(statements2, args, qualID)
 					out[#out+1] = assembleoutput(out2, args, qid2, pid2)
 				end
 			end -- of test for valid property1 value
 		end -- of test for sourced
 		if maxvals &gt; 0 and #out &gt;= maxvals then break end
 	end -- of loop through values of property1
 	return assembleoutput(out, args, qid1, pid1)
 end
 
 p.getPropOfProp = function(frame)
 	local args= frame.args
 	if not args.prop1 and not args.pid1 then
 		args = frame:getParent().args
 		if not args.prop1 and not args.pid1 then return i18n.errors[&quot;No property supplied&quot;] end
 	end
 
 	return p._getPropOfProp(args)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getAwardCat takes most of the usual parameters. If the item has values of P166 (award received),
 -- then it examines each of those awards for P2517 (category for recipients of this award).
 -- If it exists, it returns the corresponding category,
 -- with the item's P734 (family name) as sort key, or no sort key if there is no family name.
 -- The sort key may be overridden by the parameter |sortkey (alias |sk).
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getAwardCat = function(frame)
 	frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank)
 	frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang)
 	frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code
 	local args = frame.args
 	args.sep = &quot; &quot;
 	local pid1 = args.prop1 or &quot;P166&quot;
 	local pid2 = args.prop2 or &quot;P2517&quot;
 	if pid1 == &quot;&quot; or pid2 == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
 	-- locally supplied value:
 	local localval = mw.text.trim(args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 	local qid1, statements1 = parseInput(frame, localval, pid1)
 	if not qid1 then return localval end
 	-- linkprefix (strip quotes)
 	local lp = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	-- sort key (strip quotes, hyphens and periods):
 	local sk = (args.sortkey or args.sk or &quot;&quot;):gsub('[&quot;-.]', '')
 	-- family name:
 	local famname = &quot;&quot;
 	if sk == &quot;&quot; then
 		local p734 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid1, &quot;P734&quot;)[1]
 		local p734id = p734 and p734.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; and p734.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id or &quot;&quot;
 		famname = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(p734id) or &quot;&quot;
 		-- strip namespace and disambigation
 		local pos = famname:find(&quot;:&quot;) or 0
 		famname = famname:sub(pos+1):gsub(&quot;%s%(.+%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
 		if famname == &quot;&quot; then
 			local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabel(p734id)
 			famname = lbl and mw.text.nowiki(lbl) or &quot;&quot;
 		end
 	end
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true)
 	local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0
 	local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if qualID == &quot;&quot; then qualID = nil end
 	local out = {}
 	for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do
 		if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then
 			local snak = v.mainsnak
 			if snak.datatype == &quot;wikibase-item&quot; and snak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 				local qid2 = snak.datavalue.value.id
 				local statements2 = {}
 				if args.reqranks.b then
 					statements2 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid2, pid2)
 				else
 					statements2 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid2, pid2)
 				end
 				if statements2[1] and statements2[1].mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 					local qid3 = statements2[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 					local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid3)
 					-- if there's no local sitelink, create the sitelink from English label
 					if not sitelink then
 						local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(qid3, &quot;en&quot;)
 						if lbl then
 							if lbl:sub(1,9) == &quot;Category:&quot; then
 								sitelink = mw.text.nowiki(lbl)
 							else
 								sitelink = &quot;Category:&quot; .. mw.text.nowiki(lbl)
 							end
 						end
 					end
 					if sitelink then
 						if sk ~= &quot;&quot; then
 							out[#out+1] = &quot;[[&quot; .. lp .. sitelink .. &quot;|&quot; .. sk .. &quot;]]&quot;
 						elseif famname ~= &quot;&quot; then
 							out[#out+1] = &quot;[[&quot; .. lp .. sitelink .. &quot;|&quot; .. famname .. &quot;]]&quot;
 						else
 							out[#out+1] = &quot;[[&quot; .. lp .. sitelink .. &quot;]]&quot;
 						end -- of check for sort keys
 					end -- of test for sitelink
 				end -- of test for category
 			end -- of test for wikibase item has a value
 		end -- of test for sourced
 		if maxvals &gt; 0 and #out &gt;= maxvals then break end
 	end -- of loop through values of property1
 	return assembleoutput(out, args, qid1, pid1)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getIntersectCat takes most of the usual parameters.
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented
 -- It takes two properties, |prop1 and |prop2 (e.g. occupation and country of citizenship)
 -- Each property's value is a wiki-base entity
 -- For each value of the first parameter (ranks implemented) it fetches the value's main category
 -- and then each value of the second parameter (possibly substituting a simpler description)
 -- then it returns all of the categories representing the intersection of those properties,
 -- (e.g. Category:Actors from Canada). A joining term may be supplied (e.g. |join=from).
 -- The item's P734 (family name) is the sort key, or no sort key if there is no family name.
 -- The sort key may be overridden by the parameter |sortkey (alias |sk).
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getIntersectCat = function(frame)
 	frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank)
 	frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang)
 	frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code
 	local args = frame.args
 	args.sep = &quot; &quot;
 	args.linked = &quot;no&quot;
 	local pid1 = args.prop1 or &quot;P106&quot;
 	local pid2 = args.prop2 or &quot;P27&quot;
 	if pid1 == &quot;&quot; or pid2 == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
 	local qid, statements1 = parseInput(frame, &quot;&quot;, pid1)
 	if not qid then return nil end
 	local qid, statements2 = parseInput(frame, &quot;&quot;, pid2)
 	if not qid then return nil end
 	-- topics like countries may have different names in categories from their label in Wikidata
 	local subs_exists, subs = pcall(mw.loadData, &quot;Module:WikidataIB/subs&quot;)
 	local join = args.join or &quot;&quot;
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true)
 	local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0
 	-- linkprefix (strip quotes)
 	local lp = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
 	-- sort key (strip quotes, hyphens and periods):
 	local sk = (args.sortkey or args.sk or &quot;&quot;):gsub('[&quot;-.]', '')
 	-- family name:
 	local famname = &quot;&quot;
 	if sk == &quot;&quot; then
 		local p734 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P734&quot;)[1]
 		local p734id = p734 and p734.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; and p734.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id or &quot;&quot;
 		famname = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(p734id) or &quot;&quot;
 		-- strip namespace and disambigation
 		local pos = famname:find(&quot;:&quot;) or 0
 		famname = famname:sub(pos+1):gsub(&quot;%s%(.+%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
 		if famname == &quot;&quot; then
 			local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabel(p734id)
 			famname = lbl and mw.text.nowiki(lbl) or &quot;&quot;
 		end
 	end
 	local cat1 = {}
 	for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do
 		if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then
 			-- get the ID representing the value of the property
 			local pvalID = (v.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot;) and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 			if pvalID then
 				-- get the topic's main category (P910) for that entity
 				local p910 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(pvalID, &quot;P910&quot;)[1]
 				if p910 and p910.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 					local tmcID = p910.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 					-- use sitelink or the English label for the cat
 					local cat = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(tmcID)
 					if not cat then
 						local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(tmcID, &quot;en&quot;)
 						if lbl then
 							if lbl:sub(1,9) == &quot;Category:&quot; then
 								cat = mw.text.nowiki(lbl)
 							else
 								cat = &quot;Category:&quot; .. mw.text.nowiki(lbl)
 							end
 						end
 					end
 					cat1[#cat1+1] = cat
 				end -- of test for topic's main category exists
 			end -- of test for property has vaild value
 		end -- of test for sourced
 		if maxvals &gt; 0 and #cat1 &gt;= maxvals then break end
 	end
 	local cat2 = {}
 	for k, v in ipairs(statements2) do
 		if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then
 			local cat = rendersnak(v, args)
 			if subs[cat] then cat = subs[cat] end
 			cat2[#cat2+1] = cat
 		end
 		if maxvals &gt; 0 and #cat2 &gt;= maxvals then break end
 	end
 	local out = {}
 	for k1, v1 in ipairs(cat1) do
 		for k2, v2 in ipairs(cat2) do
 			if sk ~= &quot;&quot; then
 				out[#out+1] = &quot;[[&quot; .. lp .. v1 .. &quot; &quot; .. join .. &quot; &quot; .. v2 .. &quot;|&quot; .. sk .. &quot;]]&quot;
 			elseif famname ~= &quot;&quot; then
 				out[#out+1] = &quot;[[&quot; .. lp .. v1 .. &quot; &quot; .. join .. &quot; &quot; .. v2 .. &quot;|&quot; .. famname .. &quot;]]&quot;
 			else
 				out[#out+1] = &quot;[[&quot; .. lp .. v1 .. &quot; &quot; .. join .. &quot; &quot; .. v2 .. &quot;]]&quot;
 			end -- of check for sort keys
 		end
 	end
 	args.noicon = &quot;true&quot;
 	return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid1)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- qualsToTable takes most of the usual parameters.
 -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented.
 -- A qid may be given, and the first unnamed parameter is the property ID, which is of type wikibase item.
 -- It takes a list of qualifier property IDs as |quals=
 -- For a given qid and property, it creates the rows of an html table,
 -- each row being a value of the property (optionally only if the property matches the value in |pval= )
 -- each cell being the first value of the qualifier corresponding to the list in |quals
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.qualsToTable = function(frame)
 	local args = frame.args
 
 	local quals = args.quals or &quot;&quot;
 	if quals == &quot;&quot; then return &quot;&quot; end
 
 	args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank)
 
 	local propertyID = mw.text.trim(args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 	local f = {}
 	f.args = args
 	local entityid, props = parseInput(f, &quot;&quot;, propertyID)
 	if not entityid then return &quot;&quot; end
 
 	args.langobj = findLang(args.lang)
 	args.lang = args.langobj.code
 
 	local pval = args.pval or &quot;&quot;
 
 	local qplist = mw.text.split(quals, &quot;%p&quot;) -- split at punctuation and make a sequential table
 	for i, v in ipairs(qplist) do
 		qplist[i] = mw.text.trim(v):upper() -- remove whitespace and capitalise
 	end
 
 	local col1 = args.firstcol or &quot;&quot;
 	if col1 ~= &quot;&quot; then
 		col1 = col1 .. &quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&quot;
 	end
 
 	local emptycell = args.emptycell or &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;
 
 	-- construct a 2-D array of qualifier values in qvals
 	local qvals = {}
 	for i, v in ipairs(props) do
 		local skip = false
 		if pval ~= &quot;&quot; then
 			local pid = v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 			if pid ~= pval then skip = true end
 		end
 		if not skip then
 			local qval = {}
 			local vqualifiers = v.qualifiers or {}
 			-- go through list of wanted qualifier properties
 			for i1, v1 in ipairs(qplist) do
 				-- check for that property ID in the statement's qualifiers
 				local qv, qtype
 				if vqualifiers[v1] then
 					qtype = vqualifiers[v1][1].datatype
 					if qtype == &quot;time&quot; then
 						if vqualifiers[v1][1].snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 							qv = mw.wikibase.renderSnak(vqualifiers[v1][1])
 							qv = frame:expandTemplate{title=&quot;dts&quot;, args={qv}}
 						else
 							qv = &quot;?&quot;
 						end
 					elseif qtype == &quot;url&quot; then
 						if vqualifiers[v1][1].snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 							qv = mw.wikibase.renderSnak(vqualifiers[v1][1])
 							local display = mw.ustring.match( mw.uri.decode(qv, &quot;WIKI&quot;), &quot;([%w ]+)$&quot; )
 							if display then
 								qv = &quot;[&quot; .. qv .. &quot; &quot; .. display .. &quot;]&quot;
 							end
 						end
 					else
 						qv = mw.wikibase.formatValue(vqualifiers[v1][1])
 					end
 				end
 				-- record either the value or a placeholder
 				qval[i1] = qv or emptycell
 			end -- of loop through list of qualifiers
 			-- add the list of qualifier values as a &quot;row&quot; in the main list
 			qvals[#qvals+1] = qval
 		end
 	end -- of for each value loop
 
 	local out = {}
 	for i, v in ipairs(qvals) do
 		out[i] = &quot;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&quot; .. col1 .. table.concat(qvals[i], &quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&quot;) .. &quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&quot;
 	end
 	return table.concat(out, &quot;\n&quot;)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getGlobe takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid=
 -- otherwise it uses the linked item for the current page.
 -- If returns the Qid of the globe used in P625 (coordinate location),
 -- or nil if there isn't one.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getGlobe = function(frame)
 	local qid = frame.args.qid or frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	local coords = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P625&quot;)[1]
 	local globeid
 	if coords and coords.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 		globeid = coords.mainsnak.datavalue.value.globe:match(&quot;(Q%d+)&quot;)
 	end
 	return globeid
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getCommonsLink takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid=
 -- It returns one of the following in order of preference:
 -- the Commons sitelink of the linked Wikidata item;
 -- the Commons sitelink of the topic's main category of the linked Wikidata item;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: _getCommonslink(); _getSitelink(); parseParam()
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getCommonsLink = function(frame)
 	local oc = frame.args.onlycat or frame.args.onlycategories
 	local fb = parseParam(frame.args.fallback or frame.args.fb, true)
 	return _getCommonslink(frame.args.qid, oc, fb)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getSitelink takes the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid=
 -- It takes an optional parameter |wiki= to determine which wiki is to be checked for a sitelink
 -- If the parameter is blank, then it uses the local wiki.
 -- If there is a sitelink to an article available, it returns the plain text link to the article
 -- If there is no sitelink, it returns nil.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getSiteLink = function(frame)
 	return _getSitelink(frame.args.qid, frame.args.wiki or mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;))
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getLink has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid=
 -- If there is a sitelink to an article on the local Wiki, it returns a link to the article
 -- with the Wikidata label as the displayed text.
 -- If there is no sitelink, it returns the label as plain text.
 -- If there is no label in the local language, it displays the qid instead.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getLink = function(frame)
 	local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or &quot;&quot;)
 	if itemID == &quot;&quot; then return end
 	local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(itemID)
 	local label = labelOrId(itemID)
 	if sitelink then
 		return &quot;[[:&quot; .. sitelink .. &quot;|&quot; .. label .. &quot;]]&quot;
 	else
 		return label
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getLabel has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid=
 -- It returns the Wikidata label for the local language as plain text.
 -- If there is no label in the local language, it displays the qid instead.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getLabel = function(frame)
 	local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or &quot;&quot;)
 	if itemID == &quot;&quot; then return end
 	local lang = frame.args.lang or &quot;&quot;
 	if lang == &quot;&quot; then lang = nil end
 	local label = labelOrId(itemID, lang)
 	return label
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- label has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid=
 -- if no qid is supplied, it uses the qid associated with the current page.
 -- It returns the Wikidata label for the local language as plain text.
 -- If there is no label in the local language, it returns nil.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.label = function(frame)
 	local qid = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or &quot;&quot;)
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid then return end
 	local lang = frame.args.lang or &quot;&quot;
 	if lang == &quot;&quot; then lang = nil end
 	local label, success = labelOrId(qid, lang)
 	if success then return label end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getAT (Article Title)
 -- has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid=
 -- If there is a sitelink to an article on the local Wiki, it returns the sitelink as plain text.
 -- If there is no sitelink or qid supplied, it returns nothing.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getAT = function(frame)
 	local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or &quot;&quot;)
 	if itemID == &quot;&quot; then return end
 	return mw.wikibase.getSitelink(itemID)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getDescription has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid=
 -- (it defaults to the associated qid of the current article if omitted)
 -- and a local parameter passed as the first unnamed parameter.
 -- Any local parameter passed (other than &quot;Wikidata&quot; or &quot;none&quot;) becomes the return value.
 -- It returns the article description for the Wikidata entity if the local parameter is &quot;Wikidata&quot;.
 -- Nothing is returned if the description doesn't exist or &quot;none&quot; is passed as the local parameter.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getDescription = function(frame)
 	local desc = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 	local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args.qid or &quot;&quot;)
 	if itemID == &quot;&quot; then itemID = nil end
 	if desc:lower() == 'wikidata' then
 		return mw.wikibase.getDescription(itemID)
 	elseif desc:lower() == 'none' then
 		return nil
 	else
 		return desc
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getAliases has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid=
 -- (it defaults to the associated qid of the current article if omitted)
 -- and a local parameter passed as the first unnamed parameter.
 -- It implements blacklisting and whitelisting with a field name of &quot;alias&quot; by default.
 -- Any local parameter passed becomes the return value.
 -- Otherwise it returns the aliases for the Wikidata entity with the usual list options.
 -- Nothing is returned if the aliases do not exist.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: findLang(); assembleoutput()
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getAliases = function(frame)
 	local args = frame.args
 
 	local fieldname = args.name or &quot;&quot;
 	if fieldname == &quot;&quot; then fieldname = &quot;alias&quot; end
 
 	local blacklist = args.suppressfields or args.spf or &quot;&quot;
 	if blacklist:find(fieldname) then return nil end
 
 	local localval = mw.text.trim(args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 	if localval ~= &quot;&quot; then return localval end
 
 	local whitelist = args.fetchwikidata or args.fwd or &quot;&quot;
 	if whitelist == &quot;&quot; then whitelist = &quot;NONE&quot; end
 	if not (whitelist == 'ALL' or whitelist:find(fieldname)) then return nil end
 
 	local qid = args.qid or &quot;&quot;
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return nil end
 
 	local aliases = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).aliases
 	if not aliases then return nil end
 
 	args.langobj = findLang(args.lang)
 	local langcode = args.langobj.code
 	args.lang = langcode
 
 	local out = {}
 	for k1, v1 in pairs(aliases) do
 		if v1[1].language == langcode then
 			for k1, v2 in ipairs(v1) do
 				out[#out+1] = v2.value
 			end
 			break
 		end
 	end
 
 	return assembleoutput(out, args, qid)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- pageId returns the page id (entity ID, Qnnn) of the current page
 -- returns nothing if the page is not connected to Wikidata
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.pageId = function(frame)
 	return mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- formatDate is a wrapper to export the private function format_Date
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: format_Date();
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.formatDate = function(frame)
 	return format_Date(frame.args[1], frame.args.df, frame.args.bc)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- location is a wrapper to export the private function _location
 -- it takes the entity-id as qid or the first unnamed parameter
 -- optional boolean parameter first toggles the display of the first item
 -- optional boolean parameter skip toggles the display to skip to the last item
 -- parameter debug=&lt;y/n&gt; (default 'n') adds error msg if not a location
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: _location();
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.location = function(frame)
 	local debug = (frame.args.debug or &quot;&quot;):sub(1, 1):lower()
 	if debug == &quot;&quot; then debug = &quot;n&quot; end
 	local qid = mw.text.trim(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid=mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid then
 		if debug ~= &quot;n&quot; then
 			return i18n.errors[&quot;entity-not-found&quot;]
 		else
 			return nil
 		end
 	end
 	local first = mw.text.trim(frame.args.first or &quot;&quot;)
 	local skip = mw.text.trim(frame.args.skip or &quot;&quot;)
 	return table.concat( _location(qid, first, skip), &quot;, &quot; )
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- checkBlacklist implements a test to check whether a named field is allowed
 -- returns true if the field is not blacklisted (i.e. allowed)
 -- returns false if the field is blacklisted (i.e. disallowed)
 -- {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkBlacklist |name=Joe |suppressfields=Dave; Joe; Fred}} | not blacklisted | blacklisted}}
 -- displays &quot;blacklisted&quot;
 -- {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkBlacklist |name=Jim |suppressfields=Dave; Joe; Fred}} | not blacklisted | blacklisted}}
 -- displays &quot;not blacklisted&quot;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.checkBlacklist = function(frame)
 	local blacklist = frame.args.suppressfields or frame.args.spf or &quot;&quot;
 	local fieldname = frame.args.name or &quot;&quot;
 	if blacklist ~= &quot;&quot; and fieldname ~= &quot;&quot; then
 		if blacklist:find(fieldname) then
 			return false
 		else
 			return true
 		end
 	else
 		-- one of the fields is missing: let's call that &quot;not on the list&quot;
 		return true
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- emptyor returns nil if its first unnamed argument is just punctuation, whitespace or html tags
 -- otherwise it returns the argument unchanged (including leading/trailing space).
 -- If the argument may contain &quot;=&quot;, then it must be called explicitly:
 -- |1=arg
 -- (In that case, leading and trailing spaces are trimmed)
 -- It finds use in infoboxes where it can replace tests like:
 -- {{#if: {{#invoke:WikidatIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}} | &lt;span class=&quot;xxx&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:WikidatIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}}&lt;/span&gt; | }}
 -- with a form that uses just a single call to Wikidata:
 -- {{#invoke |WikidataIB |emptyor |1= &lt;span class=&quot;xxx&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}}&lt;/span&gt; }}
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.emptyor = function(frame)
 	local s = frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;
 	if s == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
 	local sx = s:gsub(&quot;%s&quot;, &quot;&quot;):gsub(&quot;&lt;[^&gt;]*&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;):gsub(&quot;%p&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
 	if sx == &quot;&quot; then
 		return nil
 	else
 		return s
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- labelorid is a public function to expose the output of labelOrId()
 -- Pass the Q-number as |qid= or as an unnamed parameter.
 -- It returns the Wikidata label for that entity or the qid if no label exists.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: labelOrId
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.labelorid = function(frame)
 	return (labelOrId(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1]))
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getLang returns the MediaWiki language code of the current content.
 -- If optional parameter |style=full, it returns the language name.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getLang = function(frame)
 	local style = (frame.args.style or &quot;&quot;):lower()
 	local langcode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code
 	if style == &quot;full&quot; then
 		return mw.language.fetchLanguageName( langcode )
 	end
 	return langcode
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getItemLangCode takes a qid parameter (using the current page's qid if blank)
 -- If the item for that qid has property country (P17) it looks at the first preferred value
 -- If the country has an official language (P37), it looks at the first preferred value
 -- If that official language has a language code (P424), it returns the first preferred value
 -- Otherwise it returns nothing.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: _getItemLangCode()
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getItemLangCode = function(frame)
 	return _getItemLangCode(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1])
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- findLanguage exports the local findLang() function
 -- It takes an optional language code and returns, in order of preference:
 -- the code if a known language;
 -- the user's language, if set;
 -- the server's content language.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: findLang
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.findLanguage = function(frame)
 	return findLang(frame.args.lang or frame.args[1]).code
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getQid returns the qid, if supplied
 -- failing that, the Wikidata entity ID of the &quot;category's main topic (P301)&quot;, if it exists
 -- failing that, the Wikidata entity ID associated with the current page, if it exists
 -- otherwise, nothing
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getQid = function(frame)
 	local qid = (frame.args.qid or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	-- check if a qid was passed; if so, return it:
 	if qid ~= &quot;&quot; then return qid end
 	-- check if there's a &quot;category's main topic (P301)&quot;:
 	qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
 	if qid then
 		local prop301 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P301&quot;)
 		if prop301[1] then
 			local mctid = prop301[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 			if mctid then return mctid end
 		end
 	end
 	-- otherwise return the page qid (if any)
 	return qid
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- followQid takes four optional parameters: qid, props, list and all.
 -- If qid is not given, it uses the qid for the connected page
 -- or returns nil if there isn't one.
 -- props is a list of properties, separated by punctuation.
 -- If props is given, the Wikidata item for the qid is examined for each property in turn.
 -- If that property contains a value that is another Wikibase-item, that item's qid is returned,
 -- and the search terminates, unless |all=y when all of the qids are returned, separated by spaces.
 -- If |list= is set to a template, the qids are passed as arguments to the template.
 -- If props is not given, the qid is returned.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam()
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p._followQid = function(args)
 	local qid = (args.qid or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	local all = parseParam(args.all, false)
 	local list = args.list or &quot;&quot;
 	if list == &quot;&quot; then list = nil end
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then
 		qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
 	end
 	if not qid then return nil end
 	local out = {}
 	local props = (args.props or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if props ~= &quot;&quot; then
 		for p in mw.text.gsplit(props, &quot;%p&quot;) do -- split at punctuation and iterate
 			p = mw.text.trim(p)
 			for i, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, p) ) do
 				local linkedid = v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
 				if linkedid then
 					if all then
 						out[#out+1] = linkedid
 					else
 						return linkedid
 					end -- test for all or just the first one found
 				end -- test for value exists for that property
 			end -- loop through values of property to follow
 		end -- loop through list of properties to follow
 	end
 	if #out &gt; 0 then
 		local ret = &quot;&quot;
 		if list then
 			ret = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = list, args = out}
 		else
 			ret = table.concat(out, &quot; &quot;)
 		end
 		return ret
 	else
 		return qid
 	end
 end
 
 p.followQid = function(frame)
 	return p._followQid(frame.args)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- globalSiteID returns the globalSiteID for the current wiki
 -- e.g. returns &quot;enwiki&quot; for the English Wikipedia, &quot;enwikisource&quot; for English Wikisource, etc.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.globalSiteID = function(frame)
 	return mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId()
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- siteID returns the root of the globalSiteID
 -- e.g. &quot;en&quot; for &quot;enwiki&quot;, &quot;enwikisource&quot;, etc.
 -- treats &quot;en-gb&quot; as &quot;en&quot;, etc.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.siteID = function(frame)
 	local txtlang = frame:preprocess( &quot;{{int:lang}}&quot; ) or &quot;&quot;
 	-- This deals with specific exceptions: be-tarask -&gt; be-x-old
 	if txtlang == &quot;be-tarask&quot; then
 		return &quot;be_x_old&quot;
 	end
 	local pos = txtlang:find(&quot;-&quot;)
 	local ret = &quot;&quot;
 	if pos then
 		ret = txtlang:sub(1, pos-1)
 	else
 		ret = txtlang
 	end
 	return ret
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- projID returns the code used to link to the reader's language's project
 -- e.g &quot;en&quot; for [[:en:WikidataIB]]
 -- treats &quot;en-gb&quot; as &quot;en&quot;, etc.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.projID = function(frame)
 	local txtlang = frame:preprocess( &quot;{{int:lang}}&quot; ) or &quot;&quot;
 	-- This deals with specific exceptions: be-tarask -&gt; be-x-old
 	if txtlang == &quot;be-tarask&quot; then
 		return &quot;be-x-old&quot;
 	end
 	local pos = txtlang:find(&quot;-&quot;)
 	local ret = &quot;&quot;
 	if pos then
 		ret = txtlang:sub(1, pos-1)
 	else
 		ret = txtlang
 	end
 	return ret
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- formatNumber formats a number according to the the supplied language code (&quot;|lang=&quot;)
 -- or the default language if not supplied.
 -- The number is the first unnamed parameter or &quot;|num=&quot;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: findLang()
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.formatNumber = function(frame)
 	local lang
 	local num = tonumber(frame.args[1] or frame.args.num) or 0
 	lang = findLang(frame.args.lang)
 	return lang:formatNum( num )
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- examine dumps the property (the unnamed parameter or pid)
 -- from the item given by the parameter 'qid' (or the other unnamed parameter)
 -- or from the item corresponding to the current page if qid is not supplied.
 -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |pid=P26 |qid=Q42}}
 -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |P26 |Q42}} or any combination of these
 -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |P26}} for the current page.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.examine = function( frame )
 	local args
 	if frame.args[1] or frame.args.pid or frame.args.qid then
 		args = frame.args
 	else
 		args = frame:getParent().args
 	end
 	local par = {}
 	local pid = (args.pid or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	local qid = (args.qid or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	par[1] = mw.text.trim( args[1] or &quot;&quot; ):upper()
 	par[2] = mw.text.trim( args[2] or &quot;&quot; ):upper()
 	table.sort(par)
 	if par[2]:sub(1,1) == &quot;P&quot; then par[1], par[2] = par[2], par[1] end
 	if pid == &quot;&quot; then pid = par[1] end
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = par[2] end
 	local q1 = qid:sub(1,1)
 	if pid:sub(1,1) ~= &quot;P&quot; then return &quot;No property supplied&quot; end
 	if q1 ~= &quot;Q&quot; and q1 ~= &quot;M&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid then return &quot;No item for this page&quot; end
 	return &quot;&lt;pre&gt;&quot; .. mw.dumpObject( mw.wikibase.getAllStatements( qid, pid ) ) .. &quot;&lt;/pre&gt;&quot;
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- checkvalue looks for 'val' as a wikibase-item value of a property (the unnamed parameter or pid)
 -- from the item given by the parameter 'qid'
 -- or from the Wikidata item associated with the current page if qid is not supplied.
 -- It only checks ranks that are requested (preferred and normal by default)
 -- If property is not supplied, then P31 (instance of) is assumed.
 -- It returns val if found or nothing if not found.
 -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |pid=P31 |qid=Q42}}
 -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |P31 |qid=Q42}}
 -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |qid=Q42}}
 -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |P31}} for the current page.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.checkvalue = function( frame )
 	local args
 	if frame.args.val then
 		args = frame.args
 	else
 		args = frame:getParent().args
 	end
 	local val = args.val
 	if not val then return nil end
 	local pid = mw.text.trim(args.pid or args[1] or &quot;P31&quot;):upper()
 	local qid = (args.qid or &quot;&quot;):upper()
 	if pid:sub(1,1) ~= &quot;P&quot; then return nil end
 	if qid:sub(1,1) ~= &quot;Q&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid then return nil end
 	local ranks = setRanks(args.rank)
 	local stats = {}
 	if ranks.b then
 		stats = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, pid)
 	else
 		stats = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements( qid, pid )
 	end
 	if not stats[1] then return nil end
 	if stats[1].mainsnak.datatype == &quot;wikibase-item&quot; then
 		for k, v in pairs( stats ) do
 			local ms = v.mainsnak
 			if ranks[v.rank:sub(1,1)] and ms.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; and ms.datavalue.value.id == val then
 				return val
 			end
 		end
 	end
 	return nil
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- url2 takes a parameter url= that is a proper url and formats it for use in an infobox.
 -- If no parameter is supplied, it returns nothing.
 -- This is the equivalent of Template:URL
 -- but it keeps the &quot;edit at Wikidata&quot; pen icon out of the microformat.
 -- Usually it will take its url parameter directly from a Wikidata call:
 -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{wdib |P856 |qid=Q23317 |fwd=ALL |osd=no}} }}
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.url2 = function(frame)
 	local txt = frame.args.url or &quot;&quot;
 	if txt == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
 	-- extract any icon
 	local url, icon = txt:match(&quot;(.+)&amp;nbsp;(.+)&quot;)
 	-- make sure there's at least a space at the end
 	url = (url or txt) .. &quot; &quot;
 	icon = icon or &quot;&quot;
 	-- extract any protocol like https://
 	local prot = url:match(&quot;(https*://).+[ \&quot;\']&quot;)
 	-- extract address
 	local addr = &quot;&quot;
 	if prot then
 		addr = url:match(&quot;https*://(.+)[ \&quot;\']&quot;) or &quot; &quot;
 	else
 		prot = &quot;//&quot;
 		addr = url:match(&quot;[^%p%s]+%.(.+)[ \&quot;\']&quot;) or &quot; &quot;
 	end
 	-- strip trailing / from end of domain-only url and add &lt;wbr/&gt; before . and /
 	local disp, n = addr:gsub( &quot;^([^/]+)/$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot; ):gsub(&quot;%/&quot;, &quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;/&quot;):gsub(&quot;%.&quot;, &quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;.&quot;)
 	return '&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[' .. prot .. addr .. &quot; &quot; .. disp .. &quot;]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot; .. icon
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getWebsite fetches the Official website (P856) and formats it for use in an infobox.
 -- This is similar to Template:Official website but with a url displayed,
 -- and it adds the &quot;edit at Wikidata&quot; pen icon beyond the microformat if enabled.
 -- A local value will override the Wikidata value. &quot;NONE&quot; returns nothing.
 -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getWebsite |qid= |noicon= |lang= |url= }}
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: findLang(); parseParam();
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getWebsite = function(frame)
 	local url = frame.args.url or &quot;&quot;
 	if url:upper() == &quot;NONE&quot; then return nil end
 	local urls = {}
 	local quals = {}
 	local qid = frame.args.qid or &quot;&quot;
 	if url and url ~= &quot;&quot; then
 		urls[1] = url
 	else
 		if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 		if not qid then return nil end
 
 		local prop856 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P856&quot;)
 		for k, v in pairs(prop856) do
 			if v.mainsnak.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 				urls[#urls+1] = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value
 				if v.qualifiers and v.qualifiers[&quot;P1065&quot;] then
 					 -- just take the first archive url (P1065)
 					local au = v.qualifiers[&quot;P1065&quot;][1]
 					if au.snaktype == &quot;value&quot; then
 						quals[#urls] = au.datavalue.value
 					end -- test for archive url having a value
 				end -- test for qualifers
 			end -- test for website having a value
 		end -- loop through website(s)
 	end
 	if #urls == 0 then return nil end
 
 	local out = {}
 	for i, u in ipairs(urls) do
 		local link = quals[i] or u
 		local prot, addr = u:match(&quot;(http[s]*://)(.+)&quot;)
 		addr = addr or u
 		local disp, n = addr:gsub(&quot;%.&quot;, &quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;%.&quot;)
 		out[#out+1] = '&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[' .. link .. &quot; &quot; .. disp .. &quot;]&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
 	end
 
 	local langcode = findLang(frame.args.lang).code
 	local noicon = parseParam(frame.args.noicon, false)
 	if url == &quot;&quot; and not noicon then
 		out[#out] = out[#out] .. createicon(langcode, qid, &quot;P856&quot;)
 	end
 
 	local ret = &quot;&quot;
 	if #out &gt; 1 then
 		ret = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = &quot;ubl&quot;, args = out}
 	else
 		ret = out[1]
 	end
 
 	return ret
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getAllLabels fetches the set of labels and formats it for display as wikitext.
 -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getAllLabels = function(frame)
 	local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {}
 
 	local qid = args.qid or &quot;&quot;
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n[&quot;entity-not-found&quot;] end
 
 	local labels = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).labels
 	if not labels then return i18n[&quot;labels-not-found&quot;] end
 
 	local out = {}
 	for k, v in pairs(labels) do
 		out[#out+1] = v.value .. &quot; (&quot; .. v.language .. &quot;)&quot;
 	end
 
 	return table.concat(out, &quot;; &quot;)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getAllDescriptions fetches the set of descriptions and formats it for display as wikitext.
 -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getAllDescriptions = function(frame)
 	local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {}
 
 	local qid = args.qid or &quot;&quot;
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n[&quot;entity-not-found&quot;] end
 
 	local descriptions = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).descriptions
 	if not descriptions then return i18n[&quot;descriptions-not-found&quot;] end
 
 	local out = {}
 	for k, v in pairs(descriptions) do
 		out[#out+1] = v.value .. &quot; (&quot; .. v.language .. &quot;)&quot;
 	end
 
 	return table.concat(out, &quot;; &quot;)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getAllAliases fetches the set of aliases and formats it for display as wikitext.
 -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.getAllAliases = function(frame)
 	local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {}
 
 	local qid = args.qid or &quot;&quot;
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n[&quot;entity-not-found&quot;] end
 
 	local aliases = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).aliases
 	if not aliases then return i18n[&quot;aliases-not-found&quot;] end
 
 	local out = {}
 	for k1, v1 in pairs(aliases) do
 		local lang = v1[1].language
 		local val = {}
 		for k1, v2 in ipairs(v1) do
 			val[#val+1] = v2.value
 		end
 		out[#out+1] = table.concat(val, &quot;, &quot;) .. &quot; (&quot; .. lang .. &quot;)&quot;
 	end
 
 	return table.concat(out, &quot;; &quot;)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- showNoLinks displays the article titles that should not be linked.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 p.showNoLinks = function(frame)
 	local out = {}
 	for k, v in pairs(donotlink) do
 		out[#out+1] = k
 	end
 	table.sort( out )
 	return table.concat(out, &quot;; &quot;)
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- checkValidity checks whether the first unnamed parameter represents a valid entity-id,
 -- that is, something like Q1235 or P123.
 -- It returns the strings &quot;true&quot; or &quot;false&quot;.
 -- Change false to nil to return &quot;true&quot; or &quot;&quot; (easier to test with #if:).
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: none
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 function p.checkValidity(frame)
 	local id = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 	if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then
 		return true
 	else
 		return false
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getEntityFromTitle returns the Entity-ID (Q-number) for a given title.
 -- Modification of Module:ResolveEntityId
 -- The title is the first unnamed parameter.
 -- The site parameter determines the site/language for the title. Defaults to current wiki.
 -- The showdab parameter determines whether dab pages should return the Q-number or nil. Defaults to true.
 -- Returns the Q-number or nil if it does not exist.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 function p.getEntityFromTitle(frame)
 	local args=frame.args
 	if not args[1] then args=frame:getParent().args end
 	if not args[1] then return nil end
 	local title = mw.text.trim(args[1])
 	local site = args.site or &quot;&quot;
 	local showdab = parseParam(args.showdab, true)
 	local qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(title, site)
 	if qid then
 		local prop31 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, &quot;P31&quot;)[1]
 		if not showdab and prop31 and prop31.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == &quot;Q4167410&quot; then
 			return nil
 		else
 			return qid
 		end
 	end
 end
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- getDatePrecision returns the number representing the precision of the first best date value
 -- for the given property.
 -- It takes the qid and property ID
 -- The meanings are given at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/DataModel#Dates_and_times
 -- 0 = 1 billion years .. 6 = millennium, 7 = century, 8 = decade, 9 = year, 10 = month, 11 = day
 -- Returns 0 (or the second unnamed parameter) if the Wikidata does not exist.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Dependencies: parseParam; sourced;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 function p.getDatePrecision(frame)
 	local args=frame.args
 	if not args[1] then args=frame:getParent().args end
 	local default = tonumber(args[2] or args.default) or 0
 	local prop = mw.text.trim(args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
 	if prop == &quot;&quot; then return default end
 	local qid = args.qid or &quot;&quot;
 	if qid == &quot;&quot; then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end
 	if not qid then return default end
 	local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true)
 	local stat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, prop)
 	for i, v in ipairs(stat) do
 		local prec = (onlysrc == false or sourced(v))
 			and v.mainsnak.datavalue
 			and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value
 			and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.precision
 		if prec then return prec end
 	end
 	return default
 end
 
 
 return p
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- List of exported functions
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --[[
 _getValue
 getValue
 getPreferredValue
 getCoords
 getQualifierValue
 getSumOfParts
 getValueByQual
 getValueByLang
 getValueByRefSource
 getPropertyIDs
 getQualifierIDs
 getPropOfProp
 getAwardCat
 getIntersectCat
 getGlobe
 getCommonsLink
 getSiteLink
 getLink
 getLabel
 label
 getAT
 getDescription
 getAliases
 pageId
 formatDate
 location
 checkBlacklist
 emptyor
 labelorid
 getLang
 getItemLangCode
 findLanguage
 getQID
 followQid
 globalSiteID
 siteID
 projID
 formatNumber
 examine
 checkvalue
 url2
 getWebsite
 getAllLabels
 getAllDescriptions
 getAllAliases
 showNoLinks
 checkValidity
 getEntityFromTitle
 getDatePrecision
 --]]