Staged vs Unstaged
Asked by Andy Tarabocchia:

What are the differences between files in Staged and Unstaged and what does it mean?


Answers:
author: Johannes Kilian
body: The staging area (aka index) is a container where git collects all changes which will be part of the next commit.

If you are editing a versioned file on your local machine, git recognizes that your file is modified - but it will not be automatically part of your next commit and is therfore unstaged. Staging the file will put the file into the staging area (index). The next git commit will transfer all items from staging area into your repository.

What is this good for? Imagine you are in hectic and you have to fix a few bugs in your software. Usually you edit your files and fix simultaneously several bugs. After this you have a lot of unstaged but modified files. On the other hand you want to have "clean" commits: each commit should be definitively related to a single bug only. Using the staging area you could collect all changes referring to a single bug and make a clean commit - in your next step you stage all changes for the next bug and make the next clean commit ...

You could not only stage complete files - but also "hunks" (parts of a file) and even single lines from a modified file (sourcetree is a great tool for preparing the staging area with great facilities for staging files, hunks or lines).

Resumee: Editing a versioned file makes the file modified, but unstaged. Staging the file/hunk/line adds the change to the staging area. The changes within the staging area are part of the next commit. The commit transfers all changes from staging area into your repository. The staging area allows you to collect all changes to get a "clean" commit.

Hope this was clear

See:

* <https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Git-Basics>
* <http://gitolite.com/uses-of-index.html>

comments: author: tumendelgere
body: Hi,

This is very clean and helpful comments.

Thanks a lot.


author: David Villacr?s
body: Very "clean" explanation. :)

Thanks.


author: saad furqan
body: Very good explanation :)

Thanks !!


author: John William Schmid
body: Good answer, but you wrote "defintifly".. I think you mean definitively.. Just saying.. please delete this after you fix =D


author: Johannes Kilian
body: Voila ... after you staged this orthographical proposal, I commited this to my original post :-)  

As I'm not a native english speaker, thanks for your hint!


author: Frank Rojas
body: Answer still working :-) after quite many years.


author: a-a-k
body: Okay, but what about added/deleted files? Now I'm often facing new added files are going right into staged, that is not expected for me. Also, if I unstage them they are getting lost away from index complitely.


author: Andy Tarabocchia
body: This helped! Thank you so much for the explanation and links!

comments: author: Johannes Kilian
body: Glad I could help you. You might mark my answer as accepted as well ....


author: Jinesh Kumat
body: Lai bhari !


author: Oyeyinka Onaolapo
body: Great explanation. Very clear and easy to understand. Thanks.


author: Ang?lica Fuentes
body: Thanks!!! =)


author: Vladimir Kolesar
body: Great explanation ! Thanks a los :)