ymoslem/acl-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Generating Animations from Screenplays (2019)

Automatically generating animation from natural language text finds application in a number of areas e.g. movie script writing, instructional videos, and public safety. However, translating natural language text into animation is a challenging task. Existing text-to-animation systems can handle only very simple sentences, which limits their applications. In this paper, we develop a text-to-animation system which is capable of handling complex sentences. We achieve this by introducing a text simplification step into the process. Building on an existing animation generation system for screenwriting, we create a robust NLP pipeline to extract information from screenplays and map them to the system`s knowledge base. We develop a set of linguistic transformation rules that simplify complex sentences. Information extracted from the simplified sentences is used to generate a rough storyboard and video depicting the text. Our sentence simplification module outperforms existing systems in terms of BLEU and SARI metrics. We further evaluated our system via a user study: 68{\%} participants believe that our system generates reasonable animation from input screenplays.
SemEval-2019 Task 1: Cross-lingual Semantic Parsing with UCCA (2019)

We present the SemEval 2019 shared task on Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation (UCCA) parsing in English, German and French, and discuss the participating systems and results. UCCA is a cross-linguistically applicable framework for semantic representation, which builds on extensive typological work and supports rapid annotation. UCCA poses a challenge for existing parsing techniques, as it exhibits reentrancy (resulting in DAG structures), discontinuous structures and non-terminal nodes corresponding to complex semantic units. The shared task has yielded improvements over the state-of-the-art baseline in all languages and settings. Full results can be found in the task`s website \url{https://competitions.codalab.org/competitions/19160}.
HLT@SUDA at SemEval-2019 Task 1: UCCA Graph Parsing as Constituent Tree Parsing (2019)

This paper describes a simple UCCA semantic graph parsing approach. The key idea is to convert a UCCA semantic graph into a constituent tree, in which extra labels are deliberately designed to mark remote edges and discontinuous nodes for future recovery. In this way, we can make use of existing syntactic parsing techniques. Based on the data statistics, we recover discontinuous nodes directly according to the output labels of the constituent parser and use a biaffine classification model to recover the more complex remote edges. The classification model and the constituent parser are simultaneously trained under the multi-task learning framework. We use the multilingual BERT as extra features in the open tracks. Our system ranks the first place in the six English/German closed/open tracks among seven participating systems. For the seventh cross-lingual track, where there is little training data for French, we propose a language embedding approach to utilize English and German training data, and our result ranks the second place.
SemEval-2019 Task 2: Unsupervised Lexical Frame Induction (2019)

This paper presents Unsupervised Lexical Frame Induction, Task 2 of the International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation in 2019. Given a set of prespecified syntactic forms in context, the task requires that verbs and their arguments be clustered to resemble semantic frame structures. Results are useful in identifying polysemous words, i.e., those whose frame structures are not easily distinguished, as well as discerning semantic relations of the arguments. Evaluation of unsupervised frame induction methods fell into two tracks: Task A) Verb Clustering based on FrameNet 1.7; and B) Argument Clustering, with B.1) based on FrameNet`s core frame elements, and B.2) on VerbNet 3.2 semantic roles. The shared task attracted nine teams, of whom three reported promising results. This paper describes the task and its data, reports on methods and resources that these systems used, and offers a comparison to human annotation.
Neural GRANNy at SemEval-2019 Task 2: A combined approach for better modeling of semantic relationships in semantic frame induction (2019)

We describe our solutions for semantic frame and role induction subtasks of SemEval 2019 Task 2. Our approaches got the highest scores, and the solution for the frame induction problem officially took the first place. The main contributions of this paper are related to the semantic frame induction problem. We propose a combined approach that employs two different types of vector representations: dense representations from hidden layers of a masked language model, and sparse representations based on substitutes for the target word in the context. The first one better groups synonyms, the second one is better at disambiguating homonyms. Extending the context to include nearby sentences improves the results in both cases. New Hearst-like patterns for verbs are introduced that prove to be effective for frame induction. Finally, we propose an approach to selecting the number of clusters in agglomerative clustering.
SemEval-2019 Task 3: EmoContext Contextual Emotion Detection in Text (2019)

In this paper, we present the SemEval-2019 Task 3 - EmoContext: Contextual Emotion Detection in Text. Lack of facial expressions and voice modulations make detecting emotions in text a challenging problem. For instance, as humans, on reading {\textquotedblleft}Why don`t you ever text me!{\textquotedblright} we can either interpret it as a sad or angry emotion and the same ambiguity exists for machines. However, the context of dialogue can prove helpful in detection of the emotion. In this task, given a textual dialogue i.e. an utterance along with two previous turns of context, the goal was to infer the underlying emotion of the utterance by choosing from four emotion classes - Happy, Sad, Angry and Others. To facilitate the participation in this task, textual dialogues from user interaction with a conversational agent were taken and annotated for emotion classes after several data processing steps. A training data set of 30160 dialogues, and two evaluation data sets, Test1 and Test2, containing 2755 and 5509 dialogues respectively were released to the participants. A total of 311 teams made submissions to this task. The final leader-board was evaluated on Test2 data set, and the highest ranked submission achieved 79.59 micro-averaged F1 score. Our analysis of systems submitted to the task indicate that Bi-directional LSTM was the most common choice of neural architecture used, and most of the systems had the best performance for the Sad emotion class, and the worst for the Happy emotion class.
ANA at SemEval-2019 Task 3: Contextual Emotion detection in Conversations through hierarchical LSTMs and BERT (2019)

This paper describes the system submitted by ANA Team for the SemEval-2019 Task 3: EmoContext. We propose a novel Hierarchi- cal LSTMs for Contextual Emotion Detection (HRLCE) model. It classifies the emotion of an utterance given its conversational con- text. The results show that, in this task, our HRCLE outperforms the most recent state-of- the-art text classification framework: BERT. We combine the results generated by BERT and HRCLE to achieve an overall score of 0.7709 which ranked 5th on the final leader board of the competition among 165 Teams.
SemEval-2019 Task 5: Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter (2019)

The paper describes the organization of the SemEval 2019 Task 5 about the detection of hate speech against immigrants and women in Spanish and English messages extracted from Twitter. The task is organized in two related classification subtasks: a main binary subtask for detecting the presence of hate speech, and a finer-grained one devoted to identifying further features in hateful contents such as the aggressive attitude and the target harassed, to distinguish if the incitement is against an individual rather than a group. HatEval has been one of the most popular tasks in SemEval-2019 with a total of 108 submitted runs for Subtask A and 70 runs for Subtask B, from a total of 74 different teams. Data provided for the task are described by showing how they have been collected and annotated. Moreover, the paper provides an analysis and discussion about the participant systems and the results they achieved in both subtasks.
Atalaya at SemEval 2019 Task 5: Robust Embeddings for Tweet Classification (2019)

In this article, we describe our participation in HatEval, a shared task aimed at the detection of hate speech against immigrants and women. We focused on Spanish subtasks, building from our previous experiences on sentiment analysis in this language. We trained linear classifiers and Recurrent Neural Networks, using classic features, such as bag-of-words, bag-of-characters, and word embeddings, and also with recent techniques such as contextualized word representations. In particular, we trained robust task-oriented subword-aware embeddings and computed tweet representations using a weighted-averaging strategy. In the final evaluation, our systems showed competitive results for both Spanish subtasks ES-A and ES-B, achieving the first and fourth places respectively.
FERMI at SemEval-2019 Task 5: Using Sentence embeddings to Identify Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter (2019)

This paper describes our system (Fermi) for Task 5 of SemEval-2019: HatEval: Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women on Twitter. We participated in the subtask A for English and ranked first in the evaluation on the test set. We evaluate the quality of multiple sentence embeddings and explore multiple training models to evaluate the performance of simple yet effective embedding-ML combination algorithms. Our team - Fermi`s model achieved an accuracy of 65.00{\%} for English language in task A. Our models, which use pretrained Universal Encoder sentence embeddings for transforming the input and SVM (with RBF kernel) for classification, scored first position (among 68) in the leaderboard on the test set for Subtask A in English language. In this paper we provide a detailed description of the approach, as well as the results obtained in the task.
SemEval-2019 Task 6: Identifying and Categorizing Offensive Language in Social Media (OffensEval) (2019)

We present the results and the main findings of SemEval-2019 Task 6 on Identifying and Categorizing Offensive Language in Social Media (OffensEval). The task was based on a new dataset, the Offensive Language Identification Dataset (OLID), which contains over 14,000 English tweets, and it featured three sub-tasks. In sub-task A, systems were asked to discriminate between offensive and non-offensive posts. In sub-task B, systems had to identify the type of offensive content in the post. Finally, in sub-task C, systems had to detect the target of the offensive posts. OffensEval attracted a large number of participants and it was one of the most popular tasks in SemEval-2019. In total, nearly 800 teams signed up to participate in the task and 115 of them submitted results, which are presented and analyzed in this report.
NULI at SemEval-2019 Task 6: Transfer Learning for Offensive Language Detection using Bidirectional Transformers (2019)

Transfer learning and domain adaptive learning have been applied to various fields including computer vision (e.g., image recognition) and natural language processing (e.g., text classification). One of the benefits of transfer learning is to learn effectively and efficiently from limited labeled data with a pre-trained model. In the shared task of identifying and categorizing offensive language in social media, we preprocess the dataset according to the language behaviors on social media, and then adapt and fine-tune the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT) pre-trained by Google AI Language team. Our team NULI wins the first place (1st) in Sub-task A - Offensive Language Identification and is ranked 4th and 18th in Sub-task B - Automatic Categorization of Offense Types and Sub-task C - Offense Target Identification respectively.
CUNY-PKU Parser at SemEval-2019 Task 1: Cross-Lingual Semantic Parsing with UCCA (2019)

This paper describes the systems of the CUNY-PKU team in SemEval 2019 Task 1: Cross-lingual Semantic Parsing with UCCA. We introduce a novel model by applying a cascaded MLP and BiLSTM model. Then, we ensemble multiple system-outputs by reparsing. In particular, we introduce a new decoding algorithm for building the UCCA representation. Our system won the first place in one track (French-20K-Open), second places in four tracks (English-Wiki-Open, English-20K-Open, German-20K-Open, and German-20K-Closed), and third place in one track (English-20K-Closed), among all seven tracks.
DANGNT@UIT.VNU-HCM at SemEval 2019 Task 1: Graph Transformation System from Stanford Basic Dependencies to Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation (UCCA) (2019)

This paper describes the graph transfor-mation system (GT System) for SemEval 2019 Task 1: Cross-lingual Semantic Parsing with Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation (UCCA)1. The input of GT System is a pair of text and its unannotated xml, which is a layer 0 part of UCCA form. The output of GT System is the corresponding full UCCA xml. Based on the idea of graph illustration and transformation, we perform four main tasks when building GT System. At the first task, we illustrate the graph form of stanford dependencies2 of input text. We then transform into an intermediate graph in the second task. At the third task, we continue to transform into ouput graph form. Finally, we create the output UCCA xml. The evaluation results show that our method generates good-quality UCCA xml and has a meaningful contribution to the semantic represetation sub-field in Natural Language Processing.
GCN-Sem at SemEval-2019 Task 1: Semantic Parsing using Graph Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks (2019)

This paper describes the system submitted to the SemEval 2019 shared task 1 {\textquoteleft}Cross-lingual Semantic Parsing with UCCA'. We rely on the semantic dependency parse trees provided in the shared task which are converted from the original UCCA files and model the task as tagging. The aim is to predict the graph structure of the output along with the types of relations among the nodes. Our proposed neural architecture is composed of Graph Convolution and BiLSTM components. The layers of the system share their weights while predicting dependency links and semantic labels. The system is applied to the CONLLU format of the input data and is best suited for semantic dependency parsing.
MaskParse@Deskin at SemEval-2019 Task 1: Cross-lingual UCCA Semantic Parsing using Recursive Masked Sequence Tagging (2019)

This paper describes our recursive system for SemEval-2019 Task 1: Cross-lingual Semantic Parsing with UCCA. Each recursive step consists of two parts. We first perform semantic parsing using a sequence tagger to estimate the probabilities of the UCCA categories in the sentence. Then, we apply a decoding policy which interprets these probabilities and builds the graph nodes. Parsing is done recursively, we perform a first inference on the sentence to extract the main scenes and links and then we recursively apply our model on the sentence using a masking features that reflects the decisions made in previous steps. Process continues until the terminal nodes are reached. We chose a standard neural tagger and we focus on our recursive parsing strategy and on the cross lingual transfer problem to develop a robust model for the French language, using only few training samples
T\"upa at SemEval-2019 Task1: (Almost) feature-free Semantic Parsing (2019)

Our submission for Task 1 {\textquoteleft}Cross-lingual Semantic Parsing with UCCA' at SemEval-2018 is a feed-forward neural network that builds upon an existing state-of-the-art transition-based directed acyclic graph parser. We replace most of its features by deep contextualized word embeddings and introduce an approximation to represent non-terminal nodes in the graph as an aggregation of their terminal children. We further demonstrate how augmenting data using the baseline systems provides a consistent advantage in all open submission tracks. We submitted results to all open tracks (English, in- and out-of-domain, German in-domain and French in-domain, low-resource). Our system achieves competitive performance in all settings besides the French, where we did not augment the data. Post-evaluation experiments showed that data augmentation is especially crucial in this setting.
UC Davis at SemEval-2019 Task 1: DAG Semantic Parsing with Attention-based Decoder (2019)

We present an encoder-decoder model for semantic parsing with UCCA SemEval 2019 Task 1. The encoder is a Bi-LSTM and the decoder uses recursive self-attention. The proposed model alleviates challenges and feature engineering in traditional transition-based and graph-based parsers. The resulting parser is simple and proved to effective on the semantic parsing task.
HHMM at SemEval-2019 Task 2: Unsupervised Frame Induction using Contextualized Word Embeddings (2019)

We present our system for semantic frame induction that showed the best performance in Subtask B.1 and finished as the runner-up in Subtask A of the SemEval 2019 Task 2 on unsupervised semantic frame induction (Qasem-iZadeh et al., 2019). Our approach separates this task into two independent steps: verb clustering using word and their context embeddings and role labeling by combining these embeddings with syntactical features. A simple combination of these steps shows very competitive results and can be extended to process other datasets and languages.
L2F/INESC-ID at SemEval-2019 Task 2: Unsupervised Lexical Semantic Frame Induction using Contextualized Word Representations (2019)

Building large datasets annotated with semantic information, such as FrameNet, is an expensive process. Consequently, such resources are unavailable for many languages and specific domains. This problem can be alleviated by using unsupervised approaches to induce the frames evoked by a collection of documents. That is the objective of the second task of SemEval 2019, which comprises three subtasks: clustering of verbs that evoke the same frame and clustering of arguments into both frame-specific slots and semantic roles. We approach all the subtasks by applying a graph clustering algorithm on contextualized embedding representations of the verbs and arguments. Using such representations is appropriate in the context of this task, since they provide cues for word-sense disambiguation. Thus, they can be used to identify different frames evoked by the same words. Using this approach we were able to outperform all of the baselines reported for the task on the test set in terms of Purity F1, as well as in terms of BCubed F1 in most cases.
BrainEE at SemEval-2019 Task 3: Ensembling Linear Classifiers for Emotion Prediction (2019)

The paper describes an ensemble of linear perceptrons trained for emotion classification as part of the SemEval-2019 shared-task 3. The model uses a matrix of probabilities to weight the activations of the base-classifiers and makes a final prediction using the sum rule. The base-classifiers are multi-class perceptrons utilizing character and word n-grams, part-of-speech tags and sentiment polarity scores. The results of our experiments indicate that the ensemble outperforms the base-classifiers, but only marginally. In the best scenario our model attains an F-Micro score of 0.672, whereas the base-classifiers attained scores ranging from 0.636 to 0.666.
CAiRE\_HKUST at SemEval-2019 Task 3: Hierarchical Attention for Dialogue Emotion Classification (2019)

Detecting emotion from dialogue is a challenge that has not yet been extensively surveyed. One could consider the emotion of each dialogue turn to be independent, but in this paper, we introduce a hierarchical approach to classify emotion, hypothesizing that the current emotional state depends on previous latent emotions. We benchmark several feature-based classifiers using pre-trained word and emotion embeddings, state-of-the-art end-to-end neural network models, and Gaussian processes for automatic hyper-parameter search. In our experiments, hierarchical architectures consistently give significant improvements, and our best model achieves a 76.77{\%} F1-score on the test set.
CECL at SemEval-2019 Task 3: Using Surface Learning for Detecting Emotion in Textual Conversations (2019)

This paper describes the system developed by the Centre for English Corpus Linguistics for the SemEval-2019 Task 3: EmoContext. It aimed at classifying the emotion of a user utterance in a textual conversation as happy, sad, angry or other. It is based on a large number of feature types, mainly unigrams and bigrams, which were extracted by a SAS program. The usefulness of the different feature types was evaluated by means of Monte-Carlo resampling tests. As this system does not rest on any deep learning component, which is currently considered as the state-of-the-art approach, it can be seen as a possible point of comparison for such kind of systems.
CLaC Lab at SemEval-2019 Task 3: Contextual Emotion Detection Using a Combination of Neural Networks and SVM (2019)

This paper describes our system at SemEval 2019, Task 3 (EmoContext), which focused on the contextual detection of emotions in a dataset of 3-round dialogues. For our final system, we used a neural network with pretrained ELMo word embeddings and POS tags as input, GRUs as hidden units, an attention mechanism to capture representations of the dialogues, and an SVM classifier which used the learned network representations to perform the task of multi-class classification. This system yielded a micro-averaged F1 score of 0.7072 for the three emotion classes, improving the baseline by approximately 12{\%}.
CLARK at SemEval-2019 Task 3: Exploring the Role of Context to Identify Emotion in a Short Conversation (2019)

With text lacking valuable information avail-able in other modalities, context may provide useful information to better detect emotions. In this paper, we do a systematic exploration of the role of context in recognizing emotion in a conversation. We use a Naive Bayes model to show that inferring the mood of the conversation before classifying individual utterances leads to better performance. Additionally, we find that using context while train-ing the model significantly decreases performance. Our approach has the additional bene-fit that its performance rivals a baseline LSTM model while requiring fewer resources.
CLP at SemEval-2019 Task 3: Multi-Encoder in Hierarchical Attention Networks for Contextual Emotion Detection (2019)

In this paper, we describe the participation of team {\textquotedblright}CLP{\textquotedblright} in SemEval-2019 Task 3 {\textquotedblleft}Con- textual Emotion Detection in Text{\textquotedblright} that aims to classify emotion of user utterance in tex- tual conversation. The submitted system is a deep learning architecture based on Hier- archical Attention Networks (HAN) and Em- bedding from Language Model (ELMo). The core of the architecture contains two represen- tation layers. The first one combines the out- puts of ELMo, hand-craft features and Bidi- rectional Long Short-Term Memory with At- tention (Bi-LSTM-Attention) to represent user utterance. The second layer use a Bi-LSTM- Attention encoder to represent the conversa- tion. Our system achieved F1 score of 0.7524 which outperformed the baseline model of the organizers by 0.1656.