Case: PATRICK & J. P. CROWLEY v. THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Abbreviation: Crowley v. District of Columbia
Decision Date: 1885-04-20
Docket Number: No. 163
Citation: 20 Ct. Cl. 238
Volume: 20
Reporter: United States Court of Claims Reports
Court: United States Court of Claims
Jurisdiction: United States
Parties: PATRICK & J. P. CROWLEY v. THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Judges: 
Pages: 238–240

Head Matter:
PATRICK & J. P. CROWLEY v. THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
[No. 163.
Decided April 20, 1885.]
On the Proofs.
A contract for brick pavement requires the contractors to excavate to a given depth, hut is silent as to the removal of an old brick pavement from the place where they are required to'lay the new.
Where a contract for the laying of a new pavement provides that “ the space over which the pavement is to he laid will he excavated to a depth of ten inches helow the top of the curb,” and there exists at the time an old pavement, it must be held that the removal of the old was a part of the required excavation contemplated for the new.
The Reporters’ statement of the case:
The following is so much of the contract as received construction ; the remaining facts will be found in the opinion of the court:
I. September 18, 1871, the claimants entered into a contract with the Board of Public Works of the District of Columbia for the improvement of Thirteenth street, known as contract No. 23. The following extracts cover all matters of dispute:
“ First. That the said party of the second part has agreed, and by these presents doth agree, with the said party of the first part, for the consideration hereinafter mentioned and contained, and under the penalty expressed in a bond bearing even date with these presents and hereunto annexed, to furnish, at his own proper cost and expense, all the necessary materials and labor, and in a good, firm, and substantial manner to lay and put down a brick foot-pavement along Thirteenth street from I to K street northwest, in the city of Washington, D. G., and to set the curbstones along said Thirteenth street and between said points, the said- paving and curbing to be executed in all respects in conformity with the specifications following, to wit:
“ 5. Excavation. — The space over which the pavement is to be laid will be excavated to a depth of 10 inches below the top of the curb, with the slope which is to be given to the pavement. On this bed will be spread a layer of gravel, to be 4 inches deep. When well compacted by ramming, the surface must be parallel with the surface of the brick when laid.
“ 6. On this layer of gravel a layer of sand will be spread and compacted by ramming; the sand to be moistened if necessary ; the top surface of the sand to be dressed to the proper height and slope to receive the brick pavement. The gravel and sand will t e rammed to such extent as may be required by the engineer, and to prevent any settling of the pavement.
“ 7. Laying of the bricTc. — The bricks will be laid with the upper surface even with the top of the curb; and no allowance will be made for settling, as the gravel and sand must be compacted sufficiently to prevent any settlement.”
Mr. John J. Weed for the claimants.
Mr. John 0. Fay (with whom was the Assistant Attorney-General) for the defendant.

Opinion:
Scofield, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court:
As the claimants submitted their case without a brief, request for findings of facts, or oral arguments, the court, in making up its judgment, was unadvised as to their understanding of the evidence or their construction of the contracts.
One part of the claim in this case, as set forth in the original and amended petition, consists of five guaranty percentages, retained by the defendant on various settlements, to wit, $357.70, $147.80, $55.50, $546.75, and $150.35. The two items last named were afterwards paid,-as appears in finding ii. The other three items are due and still unpaid, and the claimants are entitled to be credited with them in this suit. They amount to $561.
The remainder of the claim, amounting to $1,486.20, is for taking up and removing an old brick foot-pavement and curbstones on Thirteenth street.
Claimants had a contract " to lay and put down a brick foot-pavement and set the curbstone " on this street. The new work could not be performed until the old was removed.
The contract, in paragraphs 5, 6, and 7 of the specifications, required the claimants to make an excavation 10 inches in depth, measuring from the top of the curbstone. In this excavation they were to deposit a layer of gravel 4 inches in depth, and over that a layer of fine sand of sufficient thickness, to bring the upper surface of the brick to the top of the curbstone.
Article 10, wliicb provides for payment, is as follows:
" Tenth. It is futher agreed that the said party of the second part shall receive the following prices as full compensation for furnishing all the materials and labor which may be required in the prosecution of the whole of the work to be done under this agreement, and in all respects completing the same, to wit:
" Grading footway, per cubic yard, 20 cents.
"Paving with new brick, per square yard, 80 cents.
"Belaying old brick pavement, per square yard, 25 cents.
" Setting new curbstones (6"), per lineal foot, 80 cents.
•"Besetting old curbstones (4"), per lineal foot, 15 cents."
Whether the expense of taking up and removing the old curb and pavement is covered by the contract price or is extra thereto is the question in dispute.
What is left uncertain by the first part of the contract is made clear by the specifications. The removal of the old material was a part of the required exca vation. Whether to remove the same quantity of earth would have been more or less expensive does not appear. It is not, however, a question about which we need to inquire. The claimants doubtless knew the kind of excavation they were contracting to make. It was knowledge easily obtained. But if they chose to contract without examination, the fault was their own. They agreed to do the whole work, including excavation, for the price named in article 10, and at that rate they have already been paid.
The defendant presents a counter-claim. By a mistake in the settlemeut for sewer work done on D street, in one row of figures the decimal point is placed one figure too far to the right, so that an item of $223.40 is set down and added up as $2,334, as shown in finding v. It occasioned an overcharge in favor of the claimants in the sum of $2,100.00, which should be returned.
The account as allowed by the court sums up as follows:
Defendant's counter-claim. $2,100 60
Claimants'unpaid retains. 561 00
Balance in favor of defendant. 1,539 60
Judgment will be entered for the defendant in the sum of $1,539.60.