Case: Victor G. Marquissee, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent; Walter H. Lewis, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent; Martin F. Moore, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent; T. Roy Phillips, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent; Charles F. Phillips, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent
Abbreviation: Marquissee v. Commissioner
Decision Date: 1928-03-30
Docket Number: Docket Nos. 7391-7395
Citation: 11 B.T.A. 334
Volume: 11
Reporter: Reports of the United States Board of Tax Appeals
Court: United States Board of Tax Appeals
Jurisdiction: United States
Parties: Victor G. Marquissee, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent. Walter H. Lewis, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent. Martin F. Moore, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent. T. Roy Phillips, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent. Charles F. Phillips, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent.
Judges: 
Pages: 334–345

Head Matter:
Victor G. Marquissee, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent. Walter H. Lewis, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent. Martin F. Moore, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent. T. Roy Phillips, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent. Charles F. Phillips, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent.
Docket Nos. 7391-7395.
Promulgated March 30, 1928.
Leslie M. Swope, Esq., for tbe petitioners.
W. Frank Gibbs, Esq., for the respondent.

Opinion:
OPINION.
Smith:
The first question presented by these proceedings is whether any part of the gross income of the partnership is exempt from income tax. In the filing of its returns the partnership claimed that such portion of its income as came from charges to the State of Pennsylvania or from political subdivisions of the State for work done was exempt from tax and deficiencies were determined by the respondent upon the basis that such income of the partnership was exempt income. The respondent disallowed such portion of the total expenses shown as a deduction on the partnership returns as the reported tax-exempt income bore to the total income and determined the net income of the partnership accordingly. The petitioners appealed to this Board from such disallowances. The Board refused to accept a stipulation of the parties litigant to the effect that certain income of the partnership was exempt from income tax and upon its own motion ordered a rehearing of the proceedings for the purpose of enabling it to determine the true deficiencies.
At the rehearing of this case it was testified to on behalf of the petitioners that the firm of Guilbert & Lewis had been " appointed " pr,ior to the taxable years herein involved, as official stenographers of the Public Service Commission of Pennsylvania and of the Board of Viewers of Philadelphia County, and it was argued that by virtue of such appointment the members and employees of the firm who performed the services for the Commission and Board were employees of the State of Pennsylvania or of a subdivision of the State and that their compensation was exempt from .income tax under section 1211 of the Revenue Act of 1926.
The method of " appointment " of Guilbert & Lewis as official stenographers of the Public Service Commission and of the Board of Viewers is not clear. There was no written contract executed. The firm was engaged for an indefinite period. That period might be terminated any t.ime by the Commission or Board. The compensation received by the firm was a given amount per one hundred words of testimony taken or transcribed. Under the arrangement the stenographic services were furnished either by members of the firm or by hired employees.
Upon this state of facts we are asked to find that the members of the partnership and its employees who performed services for the Commission and Board were employees of a State, within the purview of section 1211 of the Revenue Act of 1926. This we can not do. Even though the appointment of the partnership was not evidenced by any written contract it does not follow that the members of the partnership were employees of the State of Pennsylvania in the performance of their work or that a contract for the performance of the services' did not exist. The partnership was engaged to do the work and not an individual member or employee. We think that the status of the partnership with respect to its engagement by the Commission and Board was that of an independent contractor within the rule laid down by Metcalf & Eddy v. Mitchell, 269 U. S. 516. See also Robert G. Gordon, 5 B. T. A. 1047; Fred H. Tibbetts, 6 B. T. A. 827; R. Clipston Sturgis, 10 B. T. A. 1394. We are, therefore, of the opinion that the entire income of the partnership was taxable. Since this is true, there is no occasion for the disallowance of the deduction from the gross income of the partnership of any part of the expenses paid in carrying on the partnership business.
The second question is whether certain of the petitioners are entitled to deduct from gross income included in their individual tax returns the entire amounts paid by them for services of typists, materials, etc. As official stenographers of the courts of common pleas, they received salaries and fees which they have claimed as tax-exempt income and the status of such.income is not questioned by the respondent. These same petitioners, however, received admittedly taxable income and they claimed the right to deduct from such taxable income the total expenses paid by them for typists, etc. The respondent has disallowed such portion of the expenses as the taxable income bore to the total income received directly for stenographic services. The petitioners have appealed to the Board from such dis-allowances and subniit that under section 214 (a) (1) of the Revenue Acts of 1918 and 1921 they are entitled to deduct " all the ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business
At this point it is pertinent to inquire the extent of the exemption from income tax of compensation received for the performance of services to a State or a political subdivision of a State. In the Appeal of Robert G. Cordon, supra, it is stated :
The Revenue Act of 1921, which was in effect during the taxable year involved, did not by its terms exempt the salaries of officers and employees of a State from the income tax, but section 1211 of the Revenue Act of 1926, which is retroactive and effective as to all prior revenue acts, provides as follows:
"Any taxes imposed by the Revenue Act of 1924 or prior revenue Acts upon any individual in respect of amounts received by him as compensation for personal services as an officer or employee of any State or political subdivision* thereof (except to the extent that such compensation is paid by the United States Government directly or indirectly), shall, subject to the statutory period of limitations properly applicable thereto, be abated, credited, or refunded."
The above section is the only provision of the statute with respect to the compensation received by State officers or employees. That section does not expressly exempt the compensation of officers or employees of the State from the Federal income tax. It, however, clearly indicates that it was not the intention of Congress to tax compensation for personal services rendere.d by an officer or employee of a State. In effect, it merely incorporates into the statute the principle that had long been established by judicial construction and may fairly be considered as an interpretation of the different revenue acts. The United States Supreme Court had long prior to the enactment of the Revenue Act of 1926 held that the Federal Government had no power to levy or collect a tax upon the compensation of officers and employees of States.
Section 1211 of the Revenue Act of 1926 is entitled " Salaries of State and Municipal Officers." It is evident from this section that Congress intended to exempt from tax only the salaries or compensation paid for personal services. In the proceedings at bar the petitioners have excluded from gross income the total compensation received directly from the State and then in addition have claimed the deduction from admittedly taxable income of expenses incurred in connection with the earning of tax-exempt income. We think that this goes beyond the statute. Although under section 214 (a) (1) of the Revenue Acts of 1918 and 1921 an individual is entitled to deduct all ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in the carrying on of any trade or business, we apprehend that this should not be extended to include expenses incident to the earning by an employee of a State of compensation for personal services. To the extent that such expenses are incident to the occupation of the State employee they are not ordinary and necessary expenses of any trade or busi ness from which any taxable income is derived. We think that it was incumbent upon the petitioners to segregate expenses connected with their business from which taxable income was derived from expenses incident to the earning' of claimed nontaxable income. The petitioners have not done this. The allocation of expenses made by the respondent is reasonable and appears to have been a proper allocation in the circumstances. Appeal of Peter W. Rouss, 4 B. T. A. 516. The disallowance made by the respondent is sustained.
Motion of the respondent to increase the deficiencies in accordance with the evidence adduced at the second hearing is granted.
Reviewed by the Board.
Judgment will he entered, on 15 days' notice, under Rule 50.