Case: Joseph W. Parish et al., Appellants, v. The United States, Appellees
Abbreviation: Parish v. United States
Decision Date: 1871-12
Docket Number: 
Citation: 7 Ct. Cl. 116
Volume: 7
Reporter: United States Court of Claims Reports
Court: Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction: United States
Parties: Joseph W. Parish et al., Appellants, v. The United States, Appellees.
Judges: 
Pages: 116–118

Head Matter:
(2 Court of Claims, p. 366; 8 Wallace R., p. 489.)
Joseph W. Parish et al., Appellants, v. The United States, Appellees.
On the claimants’ Appeal.
The medical purveyor al Louisville, in November, 1863, advertises for hospital iee. The claimants send in proposals and the contract is awarded to them. A written agreement is then executed by the purveyor and the claimants. It provides for the delivery of iee at several places on the Mississipipi, specified m a schedule annexed; but is m terms subject to the approval of the Swgeon-General. He approves it, but before delivery to the parties he recalls it mid substitutes another. Thq second differs from the first in form but not in substance. But before it is executed by the parlies, the Secretary of War orders that the item of ice for New Orleans be stricleen out of the schedule annexed. The claimants object to the annulment of the first contract, but nevertheless execute the last. They allege that they in fact procured the iee for New Orleans on the faith of the aivard of the contract to them. The Court of Claims decides that when parties deliberately execute a second agreement which omits an item contained in the first, they must be deemed to have substituted the one for the other and cannot perform under the latter and recover damages upon the former. Judgment for the defendants. The claimants appeal.
When a contractor knowingly executes a written contract with a medical purveyor from which the Surgeon-General has stricken out a part of the subject-matter, covered by the contractor’s accepted proposals, the contract as executed supersedes any previous legal agreements; and the contractor has no cause of action, though he proceeded on the faith of his proposals being accepted to make needful preparations at great expense, and protested at the time he exocuted the reduced contract against the erasure.
Mr. A. I. Merriman for the appellants.
Assistant Attorney-General liclcey opposed.

Opinion:
Mr. Justice Field
delivered the opinion of the court:
This case comes before us on appeal from the Court of Claims. The facts, as found by the court, may be briefly stated as follows :
On the 4th of December, 1863, D. L. Magruder, the surgeon and medical purveyor of the Military Department of the West, acting under instructions of the Surgeon-General of the United States, gave notice that proposals would be received at his office in Louisville, Kentucky, until the 20th of that month, for furnishing ice to all the general hospitals of the United States at the West, including the division of the Mississippi and the Department of the Gulf, in such quantities as might, be required, for the use of the sick and wounded, during the year 1864. Under this notice, Parish & Co., the claimants, submitted proposals which were accepted, and on the 13th of the same month a contract was prepared and signed by them and Magruder by which they were to furnish ice for twenty different places, one of which was New Orleans. It was understood between the parties that this contract was not to be binding until it should receive the approval of the Surgeon-General, to whom it was forwarded. It received such approval, and was then dispatched by mail to Magruder; but, before reaching him, the approval was reconsidered, and the contract, by order of the Secretary of War, was recalled, and the draught of another contract prepared in its place. After this draught had reached Magruder, he was directed by the Secretary to erase from it the name of New Orleans, as one of the places to be supplied with ice, and have it executed in lieu of the contract originally proposed, and this was done. The claimants then executed the instrument, but, in doing so, they protested against the alteration, stating, however, that they would lay all the facts before the officials at Washington, and seek from them redress. But, notwithstanding this protest, they treated the contract thus made as the only one binding upon them, and carried out their obligations under it. They did not deliver, or offer to deliver, any ice at New Orleans.
Upon these facts, it is difficult to perceive upon what ground the contractors can urge any claim for damages against the Government. The contract, with New Orleans erased, superseded all other proposed contracts. No other had any validity. The action of Magruder, until the approval of the Secretary of War, was merely initiatory to a contract. He could not bind the United States in any way.
If the claimants had any objections to the provisions of the contract they signed, they should have refused to make it. Having made it, and executed it, their mouths are closed against any denial that it superseded all previous arrangements.
The case of Gilbert & Secor v. The United States, decided at the December term, 1867, but not as yet reported, is one much stronger than this. There it was insisted that the act of Congress under which the Secretary acted in making a contract with Gilbert & Seeor was itself an acceptance of certain proposals presented by them, and that, taken in connection with the proposals, it constituted a contract binding on the Government. The Secretary made with the parties a contract requiring, in one particular, different kind of materials from those originally proposed; but this court held that the parties were bound by the contract signed, and could not claim any compensation for the difference in value between the materials used and those proposed.
But, independent of any consideration respecting the character of the contract, it nowhere appears that the claimants suffered any damages from the supposed injury alleged. They did not offer to deliver any ice at New Orleans, and it is not shown that they secured any for such delivery, or, if they secured any, that they were unable to part with it at prices as remunerative as those they might have obtained at New Orleans.
The appeal is frivolous, and the decree of the court below is affirmed.