Simplify the following text for a Grade 12 native English-speaking person.
Original: The moment of inertia plays much the same role in rotational dynamics as mass does in linear dynamics , describing the relationship between angular momentum and angular velocity , torque and angular acceleration , and several other quantities .
Simplified: The moment of inertia plays much the same role in rotational dynamics as mass does in basic dynamics . It determines the relationship between angular momentum and angular velocity , torque and angular acceleration .