FIS Gaming Business On June 1, 2015, we acquired certain assets of Certegy Check Services, Inc. , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fidelity National Information Services, Inc.  (“FIS”).
Under the purchase arrangement, we acquired substantially all of the assets of its gaming business related to licensed gaming operators (the “FIS Gaming Business”), including relationships with gaming clients in approximately 260 locations as of the acquisition date, for $237.5 million, funded from borrowings on our Revolving Credit Facility and cash on hand.
We acquired the FIS Gaming Business to expand our direct distribution and service offerings in the gaming market.
The estimated acquisition-date fair values of major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including a reconciliation to the total purchase consideration, were as follows (in thousands):
## Table 0 ##
Goodwill arising from the acquisition, included in the North America segment, was attributable to an expected growth opportunities, including cross-selling opportunities at existing and acquired gaming client locations and operating synergies in the gaming business, and an assembled workforce.
Goodwill associated with this acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes.
The customer-related intangible assets have an estimated amortization period of 15 years.
Valuation of Identified Intangible Assets For the acquisitions discussed above, the estimated fair values of customer-related intangible assets were determined using the income approach, which was based on projected cash flows discounted to their present value using discount rates that consider the timing and risk of the forecasted cash flows.
The discount rates used represented the average estimated value of a market participant’s cost of capital and debt, derived using customary market metrics.
Acquired technologies were valued using the replacement cost method, which required us to estimate the costs to construct an asset of equivalent utility at prices available at the time of the valuation analysis, with adjustments in value for physical deterioration and functional and economic obsolescence.
Trademarks and trade names were valued using the “relief-from-royalty” approach.
This method assumes that trademarks and trade names have value to the extent that their owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them.
This method required us to estimate the future revenues for the related brands, the appropriate royalty rate and the weighted-average cost of capital.
The discount rates used represented the average estimated value of a market participant’s cost of capital and debt, derived using customary market metrics.
NOTE 3 — REVENUES We are a leading worldwide provider of payment technology and software solutions delivering innovative services to our customers globally.
Our technologies, services and employee expertise enable us to provide a broad range of solutions that allow our customers to accept various payment types and operate their businesses more efficiently.
We distribute our services across a variety of channels to customers.
The disclosures in this note are applicable for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Table of Contents industry clients.
These increases were partially offset by a decrease in our average prime-lending rate to 5.13 percent in 2008, compared to 8.05 percent in 2007.
The decrease in interest income from FTP earned on deposits was primarily related to decreases in market interest rates, partially offset by increased volumes of deposits.
The provision for loan losses of $15.4 million for 2008 was primarily reflecting the need for increased reserves for the overall loan portfolio due to two factors: (i) the deterioration in the macroeconomic environment and its expected impact on our loan portfolio; and (ii) the increase in actual loans outstanding.
Noninterest expense increased by $2.0 million in 2008, primarily related to activities of the SVB Private Equity Relationship group.
SVB Capital
## Table 1 ##
SVB Capital’s components of noninterest income primarily include net gains and losses on investment securities and fund management fees, all net of noncontrolling interests and carried interest.
When we refer to net gains and losses on investment securities in the discussion below, we are referring to net gains and losses from investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests and carried interest.
We experience variability in the performance of SVB Capital from year to year due to a number of factors, including changes in the values of our funds’ investments, changes in the amount of distributions and general economic and market conditions.
Such variability may lead to volatility in the gains and losses from investment securities and cause our results for a particular period not to be indicative of future performance.
The valuation of our consolidated investment funds continues to be affected by a more challenging venture capital environment, a significant slowdown of M&A activities and IPOs in 2008 and 2009.
The net losses for the year ended December 31, 2009 were primarily due to lower valuations for private companies and declines in the public equity markets, reflective of the current economic slowdown throughout the venture capital/private equity community.
As a result, we saw more unrealized losses in the year ended December 31, 2009, compared to 2008.2009 compared to 2008 Noninterest income decreased by $2.8 million in 2009 primarily due to net losses on investment securities in 2009 compared to net gains on investment securities in 2008.
SVB Capital’s components of noninterest income primarily include the following: Net losses on investment securities of $3.9 million in 2009, compared to net gains of $1.0 million in 2008.
The net losses on investment securities of $3.9 million in 2009 from our managed funds were primarily related to net losses from two of our managed funds of funds due to net decreases of $2.3 million in the fair value of fund investments and a decrease of $1.3 million in carried interest due to a decline in the performance of two of our managed funds of funds.  ?
Fund management fees of $10.3 million in 2009, compared to $8.5 million in 2008.
The increase in fund management fees was primarily due to fees associated with a new fund in the SVB Strategic Investors Fund family, which was established and funded in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009.
Noninterest Income For the year ended December 31, 2016, noninterest income was $456.6 million , compared to $472.8 million and $572.2 million , for the comparable 2015 and 2014 periods.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests was $448.5 million , compared to $441.1 million and $352.5 million , for the comparable 2015 and 2014 periods.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, non-GAAP core fee income was $316.2 million , compared to $265.4 million and $209.6 million for the comparable 2015 and 2014 periods.
(See reconciliations of non-GAAP measures used below under "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures". )
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures To supplement our audited consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP measures of financial performance (including, but not limited to, non-GAAP core fee income, non-GAAP noninterest income and non-GAAP net gains on investment securities).
These supplemental performance measures may vary from, and may not be comparable to, similarly titled measures by other companies in our industry.
Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, GAAP.
Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s performance that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
A non-GAAP financial measure may also be a financial metric that is not required by GAAP or other applicable requirement.
We believe these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding items that represent income attributable to investors other than us and our subsidiaries and other certain non-recurring items.
Our management uses, and believes that investors benefit from referring to, these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our operating results and when planning, forecasting and analyzing future periods.
However, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or preferable to, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Included in noninterest income is income and expense attributable to noncontrolling interests.
We recognize, as part of our investment funds management business through SVB Capital, the entire income or loss from funds consolidated in accordance with ASC Topic 810 as discussed in Note 2—"Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part II, Item 8 of this report .
We are required under GAAP to consolidate 100% of the results of these entities, even though we may own less than 100% of such entities.
The relevant amounts attributable to investors other than us are reflected under “Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests” on our statements of income.
Where applicable, the tables below for noninterest income and net gains on investment securities exclude noncontrolling interests and net losses on the SVBIF sale transaction.
Core fee income is a non-GAAP financial measure, which represents GAAP noninterest income, but excludes certain line items where performance is typically subject to market or other conditions beyond our control.
Core fee income includes foreign exchange fees, deposit service charges, credit card fees, lending related fees, client investment fees and letters of credit fees.
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP noninterest income to non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests and excluding net losses on SVBIF sale transaction for 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively:
## Table 2 ##
(1) In 2015, we adopted new accounting guidance related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02).
Amounts prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised for the adoption of this guidance.
(2) Pre-tax net losses of $13.9 million on the then-pending sale of SVBIF are included in other noninterest income at December 31, 2014.
## Table 3 ##
NM—Not meaningful (1) The non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing non-GAAP noninterest expense, net of noncontrolling interests by non-GAAP total taxable equivalent revenue, net of noncontrolling interests and excluding net losses on SVBIF sale transaction.
Compensation and Benefits Expense The following table provides a summary of our compensation and benefits expense:
## Table 4 ##
(1) Other employee compensation and benefits includes employer payroll taxes, group health and life insurance, share-based compensation, 401(k), warrant incentive and retention program plans, agency fees and other employee related expenses.
Compensation and benefits expense was $514.3 million in 2016 , compared to $473.8 million in 2015 and $409.5 million in 2014 .
The key factors driving the increase in compensation and benefits expense in 2016 were as follows: ?
An increase of $30.2 million in salaries and wages expense, primarily due to an increase in the number of average FTEs.
Average FTEs increased by 221 to 2,225 in 2016 , compared to 2,004 in 2015 , primarily to support our product development, operations, sales and advisory functions, as well as to support our commercial banking initiatives.

<table><tr><td>Customer-related intangible assets</td><td>$143,400</td></tr><tr><td>Liabilities</td><td>-150</td></tr><tr><td>Total identifiable net assets</td><td>143,250</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill</td><td>94,250</td></tr><tr><td>Total purchase consideration</td><td>$237,500</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">Year ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td> (Dollars in thousands)</td><td>2009</td><td>2008</td><td>% Change 2009/2008</td><td>2007</td><td>% Change 2008/2007</td></tr><tr><td>Net interest (loss) income</td><td>$-16</td><td>$42</td><td>-138.1%</td><td>$100</td><td>-58.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest income</td><td>6,521</td><td>9,360</td><td>-30.3</td><td>11,936</td><td>-21.6</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest expense</td><td>-14,487</td><td>-16,206</td><td>-10.6</td><td>-13,412</td><td>20.8</td></tr><tr><td>Loss before income tax expense</td><td>$-7,982</td><td>$-6,804</td><td>17.3</td><td>$-1,376</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Total average assets</td><td>$96,732</td><td>$58,145</td><td>66.4</td><td>$19,558</td><td>197.3</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">Year ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in thousands)</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>% Change 2016/2015</td><td>2014</td><td>% Change 2015/2014</td></tr><tr><td>GAAP noninterest income</td><td>$456,552</td><td>$472,794</td><td>-3.4%</td><td>$572,239</td><td>-17.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interests, including carried interest -1</td><td>8,039</td><td>31,736</td><td>-74.7</td><td>233,624</td><td>-86.4</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests</td><td>448,513</td><td>441,058</td><td>1.7</td><td>338,615</td><td>30.3</td></tr><tr><td>Less: net losses on SVBIF sale transaction -2</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>13,934</td><td>-100.0</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests and excluding net losses on SVBIF sale transaction</td><td>$448,513</td><td>$441,058</td><td>1.7</td><td>$352,549</td><td>25.1</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">Year ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio, net of noncontrolling interests (Dollars in thousands, except ratios)</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>% Change 2016/2015</td><td>2014</td><td>% Change 2015/2014</td></tr><tr><td>GAAP noninterest expense</td><td>$870,779</td><td>$778,016</td><td>11.9%</td><td>$707,180</td><td>10.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Less: expense attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td>524</td><td>828</td><td>-36.7</td><td>18,867</td><td>-95.6</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP noninterest expense, net of noncontrolling interests</td><td>$870,255</td><td>$777,188</td><td>12.0</td><td>$688,313</td><td>12.9</td></tr><tr><td>GAAP net interest income</td><td>$1,150,523</td><td>$1,006,425</td><td>14.3</td><td>$856,595</td><td>17.5</td></tr><tr><td>Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis</td><td>1,203</td><td>1,564</td><td>-23.1</td><td>1,689</td><td>-7.4</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP taxable equivalent net interest income</td><td>$1,151,726</td><td>$1,007,989</td><td>14.3</td><td>$858,284</td><td>17.4</td></tr><tr><td>Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td>66</td><td>8</td><td>NM</td><td>33</td><td>-75.8</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP taxable equivalent net interest income, net of noncontrolling interests</td><td>$1,151,660</td><td>$1,007,981</td><td>14.3</td><td>$858,251</td><td>17.4</td></tr><tr><td>GAAP noninterest income</td><td>$456,552</td><td>$472,794</td><td>-3.4</td><td>$572,239</td><td>-17.4</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests and excluding net losses on SVBIF sale transaction</td><td>448,513</td><td>441,058</td><td>1.7</td><td>352,549</td><td>25.1</td></tr><tr><td>GAAP total revenue</td><td>$1,607,075</td><td>$1,479,219</td><td>8.6</td><td>$1,428,834</td><td>3.5</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP taxable equivalent revenue, net of noncontrolling interests and excluding net losses on SVBIF sale transaction</td><td>$1,600,173</td><td>$1,449,039</td><td>10.4</td><td>$1,210,800</td><td>19.7</td></tr><tr><td>GAAP operating efficiency ratio</td><td>54.18%</td><td>52.60%</td><td>3.0</td><td>49.49%</td><td>6.3</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio -1</td><td>54.39</td><td>53.63</td><td>1.4</td><td>56.85</td><td>-5.7</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">Year ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in thousands, except employees)</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>% Change 2016/2015</td><td>2014</td><td>% Change 2015/2014</td></tr><tr><td>Compensation and benefits:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Salaries and wages</td><td>$244,470</td><td>$214,310</td><td>14.1%</td><td>$186,763</td><td>14.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Incentive compensation</td><td>119,589</td><td>121,948</td><td>-1.9</td><td>100,874</td><td>20.9</td></tr><tr><td>ESOP</td><td>3,159</td><td>8,585</td><td>-63.2</td><td>6,690</td><td>28.3</td></tr><tr><td>Other employee compensation and benefits -1</td><td>147,052</td><td>128,998</td><td>14.0</td><td>115,159</td><td>12.0</td></tr><tr><td>Total compensation and benefits</td><td>$514,270</td><td>$473,841</td><td>8.5</td><td>$409,486</td><td>15.7</td></tr><tr><td>Period-end full-time equivalent employees</td><td>2,311</td><td>2,089</td><td>10.6</td><td>1,914</td><td>9.1</td></tr><tr><td>Average full-time equivalent employees</td><td>2,225</td><td>2,004</td><td>11.0</td><td>1,815</td><td>10.4</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the sum of GAAP noninterest income in 2016 and Noninterest income in 2009? (in thousand)
Answer: 463073