Notes to Five Year Summary (a) Includes the effects of items not considered in the assessment of the operating performance of our business segments (see the section, “Results of Operations – Unallocated Corporate (Expense) Income, Net” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A)) which, on a combined basis, increased earnings from continuing operations before income taxes by $214 million, $139 million after tax ($0.31 per share).
Also includes a reduction in income tax expense of $62 million ($0.14 per share) resulting from a tax benefit related to claims we filed for additional extraterritorial income exclusion (ETI) tax benefits.
These items increased earnings by $201 million after tax ($0.45 per share).
(b) Includes the effects of items not considered in the assessment of the operating performance of our business segments (see the section, “Results of Operations – Unallocated Corporate (Expense) Income, Net” in MD&A) which, on a combined basis, increased earnings from continuing operations before income taxes by $173 million, $113 million after tax ($0.25 per share).
(c) Includes the effects of items not considered in the assessment of the operating performance of our business segments (see the section, “Results of Operations – Unallocated Corporate (Expense) Income, Net” in MD&A) which, on a combined basis, decreased earnings from continuing operations before income taxes by $215 million, $154 million after tax ($0.34 per share).
Also includes a reduction in income tax expense resulting from the closure of an Internal Revenue Service examination of $144 million ($0.32 per share).
These items reduced earnings by $10 million after tax ($0.02 per share).
(d) Includes the effects of items not considered in the assessment of the operating performance of our business segments which, on a combined basis, decreased earnings from continuing operations before income taxes by $153 million, $102 million after tax ($0.22 per share).
(e) Includes the effects of items not considered in the assessment of the operating performance of our business segments which, on a combined basis, decreased earnings from continuing operations before income taxes by $1,112 million, $632 million after tax ($1.40 per share).
(f) We define return on invested capital (ROIC) as net earnings plus after-tax interest expense divided by average invested capital (stockholders’ equity plus debt), after adjusting stockholders’ equity by adding back adjustments related to postretirement benefit plans.
We believe that reporting ROIC provides investors with greater visibility into how effectively we use the capital invested in our operations.
We use ROIC to evaluate multi-year investment decisions and as a long-term performance measure, and also use it as a factor in evaluating management performance under certain of our incentive compensation plans.
ROIC is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP, and may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner.
ROIC should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net earnings as an indicator of performance.
We calculate ROIC as follows:
## Table 0 ##
1 Represents after-tax interest expense utilizing the federal statutory rate of 35%.2 Debt consists of long-term debt, including current maturities, and short-term borrowings (if any).3 Equity includes non-cash adjustments, primarily for the additional minimum pension liability in all years and the adoption of FAS 158 in 2006.4 Average benefit plan adjustments reflect the cumulative value of entries identified in our Statement of Stockholders Equity under the captions “Adjustment for adoption of FAS 158” and “Minimum pension liability.
” The annual benefit plan adjustments to equity were: 2006 = ($1,883) million; 2005 = ($105) million; 2004 = ($285) million; 2003 = $331 million; and 2002 = ($1,537) million.
As these entries are recorded in the fourth quarter, the value added back to our average equity in a given year is the cumulative impact of all prior year entries plus 20% of the current year entry value.5 Yearly averages are calculated using balances at the start of the year and at the end of each quarter.
payment terms, progress payment provisions correspond to a percentage of the amount of costs incurred during the performance of the contract.
While the total amount of cash collected on a contract is the same, performance-based payments have had a more favorable impact on the timing of our cash flows.
In addition, our cash flows may be affected if the U. S.  Government decides to withhold payments on our billings.
While the impact of withholding payments delays the receipt of cash, the cumulative amount of cash collected during the life of the contract will not vary.
The majority of our capital expenditures for 2014 and those planned for 2015 are for equipment, facilities infrastructure and information technology.
Expenditures for equipment and facilities infrastructure are generally incurred to support new and existing programs across all of our business segments.
For example, we have projects underway in our Aeronautics business segment for facilities and equipment to support higher production of the F-35 combat aircraft.
In addition, we have projects underway to modernize certain of our facilities, inclusive of our efforts to consolidate and reduce leased facilities.
We also incur capital expenditures for information technology to support programs and general enterprise information technology infrastructure, inclusive of costs for the development or purchase of internal-use software.
The following table provides a summary of our cash flow information followed by a discussion of the key elements (in millions):
## Table 1 ##
Operating Activities 2014 compared to 2013 Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $680 million in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to higher tax payments, net of refunds received and increases in working capital.
Our federal and foreign income tax payments, net of refunds received, were approximately $760 million higher in 2014 due to an increase in net income and lower refunds received in 2014 (attributable to timing of discretionary pension contributions made during the fourth quarter of 2012).
The decrease of $274 million in cash provided by working capital (defined as receivables and inventories less accounts payable and customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred) was primarily attributed to lower cash receipts related to accounts receivable, primarily timing on the F-35 production contracts (including amounts received in 2013 from resolving U. S.  Government contractual withholds that were not repeated in 2014).
Partially offsetting the decreases in operating cash flows were lower pension contributions in 2014.
We made $2.0 billion in contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2014, compared to $2.25 billion in 2013.
See “Critical Accounting Policies – Postretirement Benefit Plans” (under the caption “Funding Considerations”) for discussion of future postretirement benefit plan funding.2013 compared to 2012 Net cash provided by operating activities increased $3.0 billion in 2013 as compared to 2012 primarily due to lower pension contributions, a lower increase in working capital, a tax refund in 2013 as discussed below and improved operating results.
We made $2.25 billion in contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans during 2013, compared to $3.6 billion during 2012.
The $1.0 billion decline in the growth of working capital (defined as receivables and inventories less accounts payable and customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred) was attributable to higher cash receipts related to accounts receivable, primarily on F-35 production contracts (including amounts from resolving U. S.  Government contractual withholds).
Partially offsetting the improved accounts receivable collections were higher payments to suppliers, primarily on F-35 production contracts.
In addition, there was lower growth in inventories in 2013 as compared to 2012 primarily due to the timing of advance payments applied to inventory.
We made tax payments, net of refunds received, of $787 million during 2013, compared to $890 million during 2012.
defined contribution plan in addition to our other retirement savings plans.
They also have the ability to participate in our retiree medical plans, but we do not subsidize the cost of their participation in those plans as we do with employees hired before January 1, 2006.
Over the last few years, we have negotiated similar changes with various labor organizations such that new union represented employees do not participate in our defined benefit pension plans.
In June 2014, we amended certain of our qualified and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans for non-union employees to freeze future retirement benefits.
Currently, the calculation of retirement benefits under the affected defined benefit pension plans is determined by a formula that takes into account the participants’ years of credited service and average compensation.
The freeze will take effect in two stages.
Beginning on January 1, 2016, the pay-based component of the formula used to determine retirement benefits will be frozen so that future pay increases, annual incentive bonuses or other amounts earned for or related to periods after December 31, 2015 will not be used to calculate retirement benefits.
On January 1, 2020, the service-based component of the formula used to determine retirement benefits will also be frozen so that participants will no longer earn further credited service for any period after December 31, 2019.
When the freeze is complete, the majority of our salaried employees will have transitioned to an enhanced defined contribution retirement savings plan.
We have made contributions to trusts established to pay future benefits to eligible retirees and dependents, including Voluntary Employees’ Beneficiary Association trusts and 401(h) accounts, the assets of which will be used to pay expenses of certain retiree medical plans.
We use December 31 as the measurement date.
Benefit obligations as of the end of each year reflect assumptions in effect as of those dates.
Net periodic benefit cost is based on assumptions in effect at the end of the respective preceding year.
The rules related to accounting for postretirement benefit plans under GAAP require us to recognize on a plan-by-plan basis the funded status of our postretirement benefit plans as either an asset or a liability on our Balance Sheets.
There is a corresponding non-cash adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits recorded as deferred tax assets, in stockholders’ equity.
The funded status is measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan’s assets and the benefit obligation of the plan.
The net periodic benefit cost recognized each year included the following (in millions):
## Table 2 ##
(a) Total net periodic benefit cost associated with our qualified defined benefit plans represents pension expense calculated in accordance with GAAP (FAS pension expense).
We are required to calculate pension expense in accordance with both GAAP and CAS rules, each of which results in a different calculated amount of pension expense.
The CAS pension cost is recovered through the pricing of our products and services on U. S.  Government contracts and, therefore, is recognized in net sales and cost of sales for products and services.
We include the difference between FAS pension expense and CAS pension cost, referred to as the FAS/CAS pension adjustment, as a component of other unallocated, net on our Statements of Earnings.
The FAS/CAS pension adjustment, which was income of $376 million in 2014 and expense of $482 million in 2013 and $830 million in 2012, effectively adjusts the amount of CAS pension cost in the business segment operating profit so that pension expense recorded on our Statements of Earnings is equal to FAS pension expense.
U. S.  equity securities and international equity securities categorized as Level 1 are traded on active national and international exchanges and are valued at their closing prices on the last trading day of the year.
For U. S.  equity securities and international equity securities not traded on an active exchange, or if the closing price is not available, the trustee obtains indicative quotes from a pricing vendor, broker or investment manager.
These securities are categorized as Level 2 if the custodian obtains corroborated quotes from a pricing vendor or categorized as Level 3 if the custodian obtains uncorroborated quotes from a broker or investment manager.
Commingled equity funds are investment vehicles valued using the Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the fund managers.
The NAV is the total value of the fund divided by the number of shares outstanding.
Commingled equity funds are categorized as Level 1 if traded at their NAV on a nationally recognized securities exchange or categorized as Level 2 if the NAV is corroborated by observable market data (e. g. , purchases or sales activity) and we are able to redeem our investment in the near-term.
Fixed income investments categorized as Level 2 are valued by the trustee using pricing models that use verifiable observable market data (e. g. , interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals and credit spreads), bids provided by brokers or dealers or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics.
Fixed income investments are categorized at Level 3 when valuations using observable inputs are unavailable.
The trustee obtains pricing based on indicative quotes or bid evaluations from vendors, brokers or the investment manager.
Private equity funds, real estate funds and hedge funds are valued using the NAV based on valuation models of underlying securities which generally include significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated using verifiable observable market data.
Valuations for private equity funds and real estate funds are determined by the general partners.
Depending on the nature of the assets, the general partners may use various valuation methodologies, including the income and market approaches in their models.
The market approach consists of analyzing market transactions for comparable assets while the income approach uses earnings or the net present value of estimated future cash flows adjusted for liquidity and other risk factors.
Hedge funds are valued by independent administrators using various pricing sources and models based on the nature of the securities.
Private equity funds, real estate funds and hedge funds are generally categorized as Level 3 as we cannot fully redeem our investment in the near-term.
Commodities are traded on an active commodity exchange and are valued at their closing prices on the last trading day of the year.
Contributions and Expected Benefit Payments The funding of our qualified defined benefit pension plans is determined in accordance with ERISA, as amended by the PPA, and in a manner consistent with CAS and Internal Revenue Code rules.
In 2014, we made contributions of $2.0 billion related to our qualified defined benefit pension plans.
We do not plan to make contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2015 through 2017 because none are required using current assumptions.
The following table presents estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future employee service, as of December 31, 2014 (in millions):
## Table 3 ##
Defined Contribution Plans We maintain a number of defined contribution plans, most with 401(k) features, that cover substantially all of our employees.
Under the provisions of our 401(k) plans, we match most employees’ eligible contributions at rates specified in the plan documents.
Our contributions were $385 million in 2014, $383 million in 2013 and $380 million in 2012, the majority of which were funded in our common stock.
Our defined contribution plans held approximately 41.7 million and 44.7 million shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Note 10 – Stockholders’ Equity At December 31, 2014 and 2013, our authorized capital was composed of 1.5 billion shares of common stock and 50 million shares of series preferred stock.
Of the 316 million shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2014, 314 million shares were considered outstanding for Balance Sheet presentation purposes; the remaining

<table><tr><td><i>(In millions)</i></td><td>2006</td><td>2005</td><td>2004</td><td>2003</td><td>2002</td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>$2,529</td><td>$1,825</td><td>$1,266</td><td>$1,053</td><td>$500</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense (multiplied by 65%)<sup>1</sup></td><td>235</td><td>241</td><td>276</td><td>317</td><td>378</td></tr><tr><td>Return</td><td>$2,764</td><td>$2,066</td><td>$1,542</td><td>$1,370</td><td>$878</td></tr><tr><td>Average debt<sup>2, 5</sup></td><td>$4,727</td><td>$5,077</td><td>$5,932</td><td>$6,612</td><td>$7,491</td></tr><tr><td>Average equity<sup>3, 5</sup></td><td>7,686</td><td>7,590</td><td>7,015</td><td>6,170</td><td>6,853</td></tr><tr><td>Average benefit plan adjustments<sup>3, 4,5</sup></td><td>2,006</td><td>1,545</td><td>1,296</td><td>1,504</td><td>341</td></tr><tr><td>Average invested capital</td><td>$14,419</td><td>$14,212</td><td>$14,243</td><td>$14,286</td><td>$14,685</td></tr><tr><td>Return on invested capital</td><td>19.2%</td><td>14.5%</td><td>10.8%</td><td>9.6%</td><td>6.0%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>2014</td><td>2013</td><td> 2012</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year</td><td>$2,617</td><td>$1,898</td><td>$3,582</td></tr><tr><td>Operating activities</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>3,614</td><td>2,981</td><td>2,745</td></tr><tr><td>Non-cash adjustments</td><td>876</td><td>1,570</td><td>2,133</td></tr><tr><td>Changes in working capital</td><td>-372</td><td>-98</td><td>-1,061</td></tr><tr><td>Other, net</td><td>-252</td><td>93</td><td>-2,256</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by operating activities</td><td>3,866</td><td>4,546</td><td>1,561</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used for investing activities</td><td>-1,723</td><td>-1,121</td><td>-1,177</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used for financing activities</td><td>-3,314</td><td>-2,706</td><td>-2,068</td></tr><tr><td>Net change in cash and cash equivalents</td><td>-1,171</td><td>719</td><td>-1,684</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents at end of year</td><td>$1,446</td><td>$2,617</td><td>$1,898</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3"> Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plans<sup>(a)</sup></td><td colspan="3"> Retiree Medical and Life Insurance Plans</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 2014</td><td> 2013</td><td> 2012</td><td> 2014</td><td> 2013</td><td> 2012</td></tr><tr><td>Service cost</td><td>$903</td><td>$1,142</td><td>$1,055</td><td>$22</td><td>$27</td><td>$28</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>1,912</td><td>1,800</td><td>1,884</td><td>123</td><td>116</td><td>131</td></tr><tr><td>Expected return on plan assets</td><td>-2,693</td><td>-2,485</td><td>-2,187</td><td>-146</td><td>-145</td><td>-131</td></tr><tr><td>Recognized net actuarial losses</td><td>1,173</td><td>1,410</td><td>1,116</td><td>23</td><td>44</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of net prior service (credit) cost</td><td>-151</td><td>81</td><td>73</td><td>4</td><td>-17</td><td>-12</td></tr><tr><td>Total net periodic benefit cost</td><td>$1,144</td><td>$1,948</td><td>$1,941</td><td>$26</td><td>$25</td><td>$48</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>2015</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td><td>2019</td><td>2020 - 2024</td></tr><tr><td>Qualified defined benefit pension plans</td><td>$2,070</td><td>$2,150</td><td>$2,230</td><td>$2,320</td><td>$2,420</td><td>$13,430</td></tr><tr><td>Retiree medical and life insurance plans</td><td>190</td><td>200</td><td>200</td><td>210</td><td>210</td><td>1,020</td></tr></table>

Question: What's the sum of the Interest cost for Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plans(a) in the years where Net earnings for Operating activities is greater than 0?
Answer: 5596