Note 17.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses:PMI's accumulated other comprehensive losses, net of taxes, consisted of the following:
## Table 0 ##
Reclassifications from Other Comprehensive EarningsThe movements in accumulated other comprehensive losses and the related tax impact, for each of the components above, that are due to current period activity and reclassifications to the income statement are shown on the consolidated statements of comprehensive earnings for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.
For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, $2 million, $(5) million and $1 million of net currency translation adjustment gains/(losses) were transferred from other comprehensive earnings to marketing, administration and research costs in the consolidated statements of earnings, respectively, upon liquidation of subsidiaries.
For additional information, see Note 13.
Benefit Plans and Note 15.
Financial Instruments for disclosures related to PMI's pension and other benefits and derivative financial instruments.
Note 18.
Contingencies: Tobacco-Related LitigationLegal proceedings covering a wide range of matters are pending or threatened against us, and/or our subsidiaries, and/or our indemnitees in various jurisdictions.
Our indemnitees include distributors, licensees and others that have been named as parties in certain cases and that we have agreed to defend, as well as to pay costs and some or all of judgments, if any, that may be entered against them.
Pursuant to the terms of the Distribution Agreement between Altria Group, Inc.  ("Altria") and PMI, PMI will indemnify Altria and Philip Morris USA Inc.  ("PM USA"), a U. S.  tobacco subsidiary of Altria, for tobacco product claims based in substantial part on products manufactured by PMI or contract manufactured for PMI by PM USA, and PM USA will indemnify PMI for tobacco product claims based in substantial part on products manufactured by PM USA, excluding tobacco products contract manufactured for PMI.
It is possible that there could be adverse developments in pending cases against us and our subsidiaries.
An unfavorable outcome or settlement of pending tobacco-related litigation could encourage the commencement of additional litigation.
Damages claimed in some of the tobacco-related litigation are significant and, in certain cases in Brazil, Canada and Nigeria, range into the billions of U. S.  dollars.
The variability in pleadings in multiple jurisdictions, together with the actual experience of management in litigating claims, demonstrate that the monetary relief that may be specified in a lawsuit bears little relevance to the ultimate outcome.
Much of the tobacco-related litigation is in its early stages, and litigation is subject to uncertainty.
However, as discussed below, we have to date been largely successful in defending tobacco-related litigation.
We and our subsidiaries record provisions in the consolidated financial statements for pending litigation when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
At the present time, while it is reasonably possible that an unfavorable outcome in a case may occur, after assessing the information available to it (i) management has not concluded that it is probable that a loss has been incurred in any of the pending tobacco-related cases; (ii) management is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss for any of the pending tobacco-related cases; and (iii) accordingly, no estimated loss has been accrued in the consolidated financial statements for unfavorable outcomes in these cases, if any.
Legal defense costs are expensed as incurred.
2017 Compared to 2016.
Revenue in 2017 decreased by $86.3 million compared to 2016.
In 2017, advertising revenue decreased by 6% compared to 2016.
The substantial majority of our advertising revenue was generated from our owned and operated platform.
Advertising revenue generated from the sale of our advertising products on our owned and operated platform in 2017 was $1.90 billion as compared to $1.99 billion in 2016.
Advertising revenue generated from the sale of our advertising products placed on third-party publishers’ websites, applications and other offerings in 2017 was $211.2 million as compared to $260.2 million in 2016.
The decrease in advertising revenue from the sale of our advertising products placed on third-party publishers’ websites, applications and other offerings in 2017 was driven by significantly lower contribution from TellApart (which was deprecated in 2017), which was offset by strong performance from Twitter Audience Platform.
TellApart revenue was $44.6 million in 2017, mainly in the first half of 2017, compared to $126.4 million in 2016.
The overall decrease in advertising revenue was primarily attributable to a 52% decrease in cost per ad engagement offset by a 96% increase in the number of ad engagements in 2017 compared to 2016.
The decrease in cost per ad engagement reflects a higher mix of video ad engagements (which have overall lower cost per ad engagement compared to other ad formats) and lower cost per ad engagement across the majority of ad formats compared to the fourth quarter of 2016.
The increase in ad engagements was driven by a continuing mix shift toward video ad impressions as well as higher clickthrough rates.
Advertising revenue continued to be driven by strong growth in our video ad formats offset by declines in traditional Promoted Tweet and direct response ad formats.
In 2017, data licensing and other revenue increased by 18% compared to 2016.
A majority of the increase was attributable to growth in data licensing fees from the offering of data products.
Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue includes infrastructure costs, other direct costs including content costs, amortization of acquired intangible assets and amortization of capitalized labor costs for internally developed software, allocated facilities costs, as well as traffic acquisition costs, or TAC.
Infrastructure costs consist primarily of data center costs related to our co-located facilities, which include lease and hosting costs, related support and maintenance costs and energy and bandwidth costs; as well as depreciation of servers and networking equipment; and personnel-related costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation, for our operations teams.
TAC consists of costs we incur with third parties in connection with the sale to advertisers of our advertising products that we place on third-party publishers’ websites, applications or other offerings collectively resulting from acquisitions, and from our organically-built advertising network, Twitter Audience Platform.
Certain of the elements of our cost of revenue are fixed, and cannot be reduced in the near term.
## Table 1 ##
2018 Compared to 2017.
In 2018, cost of revenue increased by $103.8 million compared to 2017.
The increase was attributable to an $89.3 million increase in direct costs, primarily driven by an increase in content costs and a $50.4 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense primarily related to additional internally developed software, server and networking equipment.
These increases were offset by a $35.3 million decrease in TAC substantially due to the lack of advertising revenue generated from TellApart (which we deprecated in 2017), and a $0.6 million decrease in other expenses.2017 Compared to 2016.
In 2017, cost of revenue decreased by $71.0 million compared to 2016.
The decrease was attributable to a $48.6 million decrease in restructuring expenses, a $45.3 million decrease in infrastructure costs, a $42.7 million decrease in TAC substantially due to the decrease in advertising revenue generated from TellApart (which we deprecated in 2017), and a $3.5 million decrease in personnel-related costs.
These decreases were offset by a $55.5 million increase in other direct costs that is primarily driven by an increase in content costs, and a $13.6 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense primarily related to additional internally developed software, server and networking equipment.
(4) In the second quarter of 2018, we recorded a net benefit to tax expense of $43.4 million associated with the release of the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of our Brazil operations.
In the third quarter of 2018, we recorded a net benefit to tax expense of $683.3 million associated with the release of the valuation allowance related to most of the United States federal and all states deferred tax assets with the exception of California and Massachusetts.
(5) The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated:
## Table 2 ##
(6) The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) to non-GAAP net income for each of the periods indicated:
## Table 3 ##
Credit Facility In August 2018, we entered into a revolving credit agreement with certain lenders which provides for a $500.0 million revolving unsecured credit facility maturing on August 7, 2023.
In connection with entering into the $500.0 million credit facility, we also terminated our $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility.
We are obligated to pay interest on loans under the new credit facility and other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type, including an upfront fee and an unused commitment fee.
The interest rate for the new credit facility is determined based on calculations using certain market rates as set forth in the credit agreement.
As of December 31, 2018, no amounts had been drawn under the credit facility.

<table><tr><td>(Losses) Earnings</td><td>At December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>(in millions)</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td>Currency translation adjustments</td><td>$-5,761</td><td>$-6,091</td><td>$-6,129</td></tr><tr><td>Pension and other benefits</td><td>-2,816</td><td>-3,565</td><td>-3,332</td></tr><tr><td>Derivatives accounted for as hedges</td><td>42</td><td>97</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Total accumulated other comprehensive losses</td><td>$-8,535</td><td>$-9,559</td><td>$-9,402</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">Year Ended December 31,</td><td rowspan="2">2017 to 2018 % Change</td><td rowspan="2">2016 to 2017 % Change</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">(in thousands)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cost of revenue</td><td>$964,997</td><td>$861,242</td><td>$932,240</td><td>12%</td><td>-8%</td></tr><tr><td>Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue</td><td>32%</td><td>35%</td><td>37%</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="8">Three Months Ended</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Dec. 31, 2018</td><td>Sep. 30, 2018</td><td>Jun. 30, 2018</td><td>Mar. 31, 2018</td><td>Dec. 31, 2017</td><td>Sep. 30, 2017</td><td>Jun. 30, 2017</td><td>Mar. 31, 2017</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="8">(Unaudited, in thousands)</td></tr><tr><td>Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income (loss)</td><td>$255,303</td><td>$789,179</td><td>$100,117</td><td>$60,997</td><td>$91,079</td><td>$-21,095</td><td>$-116,488</td><td>$-61,559</td></tr><tr><td>Stock-based compensation expense</td><td>81,887</td><td>91,606</td><td>79,469</td><td>73,266</td><td>102,454</td><td>100,959</td><td>113,396</td><td>116,997</td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation and amortization expense</td><td>110,723</td><td>111,947</td><td>105,982</td><td>96,846</td><td>92,520</td><td>97,492</td><td>103,063</td><td>102,792</td></tr><tr><td>Interest and other expense, net</td><td>371</td><td>4,610</td><td>13,757</td><td>11,043</td><td>16,545</td><td>24,810</td><td>74,716</td><td>18,087</td></tr><tr><td>Provision (benefit) for income taxes</td><td>-48,766</td><td>-701,921</td><td>-34,250</td><td>2,885</td><td>2,474</td><td>3,564</td><td>3,413</td><td>3,194</td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring charges and one-time nonrecurring gain</td><td>-2,989</td><td>-18</td><td>-265</td><td>-983</td><td>3,102</td><td>1,269</td><td>-226</td><td>-9,572</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted EBITDA</td><td>$396,529</td><td>$295,403</td><td>$264,810</td><td>$244,054</td><td>$308,174</td><td>$206,999</td><td>$177,874</td><td>$169,939</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="8">Three Months Ended</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Dec. 31, 2018</td><td>Sep. 30, 2018</td><td>Jun. 30, 2018</td><td>Mar. 31, 2018</td><td>Dec. 31, 2017</td><td>Sep. 30, 2017</td><td>Jun. 30, 2017</td><td>Mar. 31, 2017</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="8">(Unaudited, in thousands)</td></tr><tr><td>Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Non-GAAP Net Income:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income (loss)</td><td>$255,303</td><td>$789,179</td><td>$100,117</td><td>$60,997</td><td>$91,079</td><td>$-21,095</td><td>$-116,488</td><td>$-61,559</td></tr><tr><td>Exclude: Provision (benefit) for income taxes</td><td>-48,766</td><td>-701,921</td><td>-34,250</td><td>2,885</td><td>2,474</td><td>3,564</td><td>3,413</td><td>3,194</td></tr><tr><td>Income (loss) before income taxes</td><td>206,537</td><td>87,258</td><td>65,867</td><td>63,882</td><td>93,553</td><td>-17,531</td><td>-113,075</td><td>-58,365</td></tr><tr><td>Stock-based compensation expense</td><td>81,887</td><td>91,606</td><td>79,469</td><td>73,266</td><td>102,454</td><td>100,959</td><td>113,396</td><td>116,997</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of acquired intangible assets</td><td>4,786</td><td>4,380</td><td>4,876</td><td>4,942</td><td>4,929</td><td>11,077</td><td>14,340</td><td>16,191</td></tr><tr><td>Non-cash interest expense related to convertible notes</td><td>31,017</td><td>30,878</td><td>23,309</td><td>20,722</td><td>20,417</td><td>20,355</td><td>20,041</td><td>19,248</td></tr><tr><td>Impairment of investments in privately-held companies</td><td>—</td><td>0</td><td>3,000</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>7,439</td><td>55,000</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring charges and one-time nonrecurring gain</td><td>-2,989</td><td>-18</td><td>-265</td><td>-983</td><td>3,102</td><td>1,269</td><td>-226</td><td>-9,572</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP income before income taxes</td><td>321,238</td><td>214,104</td><td>176,256</td><td>161,829</td><td>224,455</td><td>123,568</td><td>89,476</td><td>84,499</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP provision for income taxes</td><td>77,097</td><td>51,386</td><td>42,301</td><td>38,839</td><td>83,048</td><td>45,720</td><td>33,106</td><td>31,265</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP net income</td><td>$244,141</td><td>$162,718</td><td>$133,955</td><td>$122,990</td><td>$141,407</td><td>$77,848</td><td>$56,370</td><td>$53,234</td></tr></table>

Question: How much of Dec. 31, 2018 is there in total without Provision (benefit) for income taxes and Restructuring charges and one-time nonrecurring gain? (in thousand)
Answer: 448284