Performance Graph The performance graph below shows the five-year cumulative total stockholder return on Applied common stock during the period from October 28, 2007 through October 28, 2012.
This is compared with the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and the RDG Semiconductor Composite Index over the same period.
The comparison assumes $100 was invested on October 28, 2007 in Applied common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any.
Dollar amounts in the graph are rounded to the nearest whole dollar.
The performance shown in the graph represents past performance and should not be considered an indication of future performance.
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN* Among Applied Materials, Inc. , the S&P 500 Index and the RDG Semiconductor Composite Index
## Table 0 ##
* $100 invested on 10/28/07 in stock or 10/31/07 in index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Indexes calculated on month-end basis.
Copyright?2012 S&P, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.  All rights reserved.
Dividends During fiscal 2012, Applied’s Board of Directors declared three quarterly cash dividends in the amount of $0.09 per share each and one quarterly cash dividend in the amount of $0.08 per share.
During fiscal 2011, Applied’s Board of Directors declared three quarterly cash dividends in the amount of $0.08 per share each and one quarterly cash dividend in the amount of $0.07 per share.
During fiscal 2010, Applied’s Board of Directors declared three quarterly cash dividends in the amount of $0.07 per share each and one quarterly cash dividend in the amount of $0.06.
Dividends declared during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $438 million, $408 million and $361 million, respectively.
Applied currently anticipates that it will continue to pay cash dividends on a quarterly basis in the future, although the declaration and amount of any future cash dividends are at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on Applied’s financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions and other factors, as well as a determination that cash dividends are in the best interests of Applied’s stockholders.
Discontinued Real Estate The discontinued real estate portfolio, totaling $14.9 billion at December 31, 2009, consisted of pay option and subprime loans obtained in the Countrywide acquisition.
Upon acquisition, the majority of the discontinued real estate portfolio was considered impaired and written down to fair value.
At December 31, 2009, the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio comprised $13.3 billion, or 89 percent, of the $14.9 billion discontinued real estate portfolio.
This portfolio is included in All Other and is managed as part of our overall ALM activities.
See the Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio discussion below for more information on the discontinued real estate portfolio.
At December 31, 2009, the purchased non-impaired discontinued real estate portfolio was $1.6 billion.
Loans with greater than 90 percent refreshed LTVs and CLTVs comprised 25 percent of this portfolio and those with refreshed FICO scores below 620 represented 39 percent of the portfolio.
California represented 37 percent of the portfolio and 30 percent of the nonperforming loans while Florida represented nine percent of the portfolio and 16 percent of the nonperforming loans at December 31, 2009.
The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California made up 15 percent of outstanding discontinued real estate loans at December 31, 2009.
Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio Loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at purchase that we will be unable to collect all contractually required payments are accounted for under the accounting guidance for purchased impaired loans, which addresses accounting for differences between contractual and expected cash flows to be collected from the Corporation’s initial investment in loans if those differences are attributable, at least in part, to credit quality.
Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the acquisition date may include statistics such as past due status, refreshed FICO scores and refreshed LTVs.
Purchased impaired loans are recorded at fair value and the applicable accounting guidance prohibits carrying over or creation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting.
The Merrill Lynch purchased impaired consumer loan portfolio did not materially alter the reported credit quality statistics of the consumer portfolios.
As such, the Merrill Lynch consumer purchased impaired loans are excluded from the following discussion and credit statistics.
Certain acquired loans of Countrywide that were considered impaired were written down to fair value at the acquisition date.
As of December 31, 2009, the carrying value was $37.5 billion and the unpaid principal balance of these loans was $47.7 billion.
Based on the unpaid principal balance, $30.6 billion have experienced no charge-offs and of these loans 82 percent, or $25.1 billion are current based on their contractual terms.
Of the $5.5 billion that are not current, approximately 51 percent, or $2.8 billion are in early stage delinquency.
During 2009, had the acquired portfolios not been accounted for as impaired, we would have recorded additional net charge-offs of $7.4 billion.
During 2009, the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio experienced further credit deterioration due to weakness in the housing markets and the impacts of a weak economy.
As such, in 2009, we recorded $3.3 billion of provision for credit losses which was comprised of $3.0 billion for home equity loans and $316 million for discontinued real estate loans compared to $750 million in 2008.
In addition, we wrote down Countrywide purchased impaired loans by $179 million during 2009 as losses on certain pools of impaired loans exceeded the original purchase accounting adjustment.
The remaining purchase accounting credit adjustment of $487 million and the allowance of $3.9 billion results in a total credit adjustment of $4.4 billion remaining on all pools of Countrywide purchased impaired loans at December 31, 2009.
For further information on the purchased impaired loan portfolio, see Note 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following discussion provides additional information on the Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage, home equity and discontinued real estate loan portfolios.
Since these loans were written down to fair value upon acquisition, we are reporting this information separately.
In certain cases, we supplement the reported statistics on these portfolios with information that is presented as if the acquired loans had not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition.
Residential Mortgage The Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage portfolio outstandings were $11.1 billion at December 31, 2009 and comprised 30 percent of the total Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio.
Those loans with a refreshed FICO score below 620 represented 33 percent of the Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage portfolio at December 31, 2009.
Refreshed LTVs greater than 90 percent after consideration of purchase accounting adjustments and refreshed LTVs greater than 90 percent based on the unpaid principal balance represented 65 percent and 80 percent of the purchased impaired residential mortgage portfolio.
The table below presents outstandings net of purchase accounting adjustments and net charge-offs had the portfolio not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition by certain state concentrations.
## Table 1 ##
(1) Those loans that were originally classified as discontinued real estate loans upon acquisition and have been subsequently modified are now included in the residential mortgage outstandings shown above.
Charge-offs on these loans prior to modification are excluded from the amounts shown above and shown as discontinued real estate charge-offs consistent with the product classification of the loan at the time of charge-off.
(2) Represents additional net charge-offs had the portfolio not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition.
Data Licensing and Other We generate data licensing and other revenue by (i) offering data products and data licenses that allow our data partners to access, search and analyze historical and real-time data on our platform, which data consists of public Tweets and their content, and (ii) providing mobile advertising exchange services through our MoPub exchange.
Our data partners generally purchase licenses to access all or a portion of our data for a fixed period.
We recognize data licensing revenue as the licensed data is made available to our data partners.
In addition, we operate a mobile ad exchange and receive service fees from transactions completed on the exchange.
Our mobile ad exchange enables buyers and sellers to purchase and sell advertising inventory and matches buyers and sellers.
We have determined we are not the principal in the purchase and sale of advertising inventory in transactions between third-party buyers and sellers on the exchange.
Therefore we report revenue related to our ad exchange services on a net basis.
## Table 2 ##
2017 Compared to 2016.
Revenue in 2017 decreased by $86.3 million compared to 2016.
In 2017, advertising revenue decreased by 6% compared to 2016.
The substantial majority of our advertising revenue was generated from our owned and operated platform.
Advertising revenue generated from the sale of our advertising products on our owned and operated platform in 2017 was $1.90 billion as compared to $1.99 billion in 2016.
Advertising revenue generated from the sale of our advertising products placed on third-party publishers’ websites, applications and other offerings in 2017 was $211.2 million as compared to $260.2 million in 2016.
The decrease in advertising revenue from the sale of our advertising products placed on third-party publishers’ websites, applications and other offerings in 2017 was driven by significantly lower contribution from TellApart (which was deprecated in 2017), which was offset by strong performance from Twitter Audience Platform.
TellApart revenue was $44.6 million in 2017, mainly in the first half of 2017, compared to $126.4 million in 2016.
The overall decrease in advertising revenue was primarily attributable to a 52% decrease in average cost per ad engagement offset by a 96% increase in the number of ad engagements in 2017 compared to 2016.
The decrease in average cost per ad engagement reflects a higher mix of video ad engagements (which have overall lower cost per ad engagement compared to other ad formats) and lower cost per ad engagement across the majority of ad formats compared to the fourth quarter of 2016.
The increase in ad engagements was driven by a continuing mix shift toward video ad impressions as well as higher click-through rates.
Advertising revenue continued to be driven by strong growth in our video ad formats offset by declines in traditional Promoted Tweet and direct response ad formats.
As our user base and the level of engagement of our users grow, we believe the potential to increase our revenue grows.
In 2017, data licensing and other revenue increased by 18% compared to 2016.
A majority of the increase was attributable to growth in data licensing fees from the offering of data products.
We expect to continue to grow our data revenue with a new product and channel segmented go-to-market approach.2016 Compared to 2015.
Revenue in 2016 increased by $311.6 million compared to 2015.

<table><tr><td></td><td>10/28/2007</td><td>10/26/2008</td><td>10/25/2009</td><td>10/31/2010</td><td>10/30/2011</td><td>10/28/2012</td></tr><tr><td>Applied Materials</td><td>100.00</td><td>61.22</td><td>71.06</td><td>69.23</td><td>72.37</td><td>62.92</td></tr><tr><td>S&P 500 Index</td><td>100.00</td><td>63.90</td><td>70.17</td><td>81.76</td><td>88.37</td><td>101.81</td></tr><tr><td>RDG Semiconductor Composite Index</td><td>100.00</td><td>54.74</td><td>68.59</td><td>84.46</td><td>91.33</td><td>82.37</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2"> Outstandings<sup>-1</sup>  December 31</td><td colspan="2"> Purchased Impaired Portfolio Net Charge-offs<sup>-1, 2</sup>  Year Ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td> 2009</td><td>2008</td><td> 2009</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td>California</td><td>$6,142</td><td>$5,633</td><td>$496</td><td>$177</td></tr><tr><td>Florida</td><td>843</td><td>776</td><td>143</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>Virginia</td><td>617</td><td>556</td><td>30</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Maryland</td><td>278</td><td>253</td><td>13</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Texas</td><td>166</td><td>148</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Other U.S./Foreign</td><td>3,031</td><td>2,647</td><td>237</td><td>133</td></tr><tr><td> Total Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage loan portfolio</td><td>$11,077</td><td>$10,013</td><td>$924</td><td>$438</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">Year Ended December 31,</td><td rowspan="2">2016 to 2017 % Change</td><td rowspan="2">2015 to 2016 % Change</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">(in thousands)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Advertising services</td><td>$2,109,987</td><td>$2,248,052</td><td>$1,994,036</td><td>-6%</td><td>13%</td></tr><tr><td>Data licensing and other</td><td>333,312</td><td>281,567</td><td>223,996</td><td>18%</td><td>26%</td></tr><tr><td>Total revenue</td><td>$2,443,299</td><td>$2,529,619</td><td>$2,218,032</td><td>-3%</td><td>14%</td></tr></table>

Question: What's the difference of Total Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage loan portfolio between 2009 and 2008? (in million)
Answer: 1064