VISA INC.  NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) September 30, 2009 (in millions, except as noted) common stock outstanding on an as-converted basis, this funding had the effect of a repurchase by the Company of the equivalent of 20,800,824 class A shares.
The repurchase amount per share of $52.88 was calculated using the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s class A shares for the 15-trading day period from December 1, 2008, to December 19, 2008 in accordance with the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Visa Inc.  On July 16, 2009, the Company funded the Escrow Account with an additional $700 million, which reduced the conversion rate applicable to Visa’s class B common stock from 0.6296 class A share per class B share to 0.5824 class A share per class B share.
With respect to the number of shares of class A common stock outstanding on an as-converted basis, this funding had the effect of a repurchase by the Company of the equivalent of 11,578,878 class A shares.
The repurchase amount per share of $60.45 was calculated using the volume weighted average price of the Company’s class A shares for the 11-trading day pricing period from June 30, 2009 to July 15, 2009 in accordance with the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Visa Inc.  After giving effect to the fiscal 2009 escrow fundings and the corresponding reduction in the conversion rate applicable to class B common stock outstanding, the number of class A shares outstanding on an as-converted basis is as follows:
## Table 0 ##
Accelerated Class C Share Release Program On April 27, 2009, the Company’s board of directors approved a program in which class C stockholders were permitted to liquidate up to 30% of their class C common stock anytime between July 1, 2009 and September 30, 2009, subject to certain terms and conditions.
The release of the class C common stock did not increase the number of outstanding shares of the Company and there was no dilutive effect to the outstanding share count from these transactions.
Class C common stock sold under this program to a person that was not, immediately after the reorganization, a Visa member, automatically converted to class A shares.
Under this program, 40 million class C common stock were released from trading restrictions, of which 21 million shares were converted from class C common stock to class A common stock through September 30, 2009.
The remaining class C shares will continue to be subject to the general transfer restrictions that expire on March 25, 2011 under Visa’s certificate of incorporation and will not be transferable or convert into class A common stock until such date.
This transfer restriction is subject to limited exceptions, including transfers to other class C stockholders.
The Company’s board of directors may make additional exceptions to this transfer restriction.
After termination of the restrictions, the class C common stock will convert into class A common stock if transferred to a person that was not, immediately after the reorganization, a Visa member.
In connection with such a transfer, each share of class C common stock will automatically convert into a number of shares of class A common stock on a one-to-one basis, subject to adjustments for stock splits, recapitalizations and similar transactions.
on our credit rating; or (3) U. S.  Swing Loan, Euro Swing Loan, or Foreign Currency Swing Loan, which will bear interest at the rate equal to the applicable Swing Loan rate for that currency plus the same applicable margin plus additionally for Euro and Sterling loans, an applicable reserve requirement and cost adjustment.
We also agreed to pay a facility fee on the aggregate commitment amount, whether used or unused, at a rate ranging from 0.04% to 0.10% and a utilization fee on loans at a rate ranging from 0.05% to 0.10% based on our credit rating.
Currently, the applicable margin is 0.15%, the facility fee is 0.05% and the utilization fee is 0.05%.
This facility contains certain covenants, including financial covenant requirements relating to a maximum level of debt to EBITDA and events of default customary for financings of this type.
This facility expires on February 15, 2013.
There were no borrowings under this facility and we were in compliance with all covenants during and at the end of fiscal 2010.
U. S.  commercial paper programs.
We maintain a $500 million U. S.  commercial paper program, which provides for the issuance of unsecured debt with maturities up to 270 days from the date of issuance at interest rates generally extended to companies with comparable credit ratings.
The commercial paper program is a source of short-term borrowed funds that may be used from time to time to cover short-term cash needs.
We had no obligations outstanding under this program during and at the end of fiscal 2010.
There are no financial covenants related to this program.
Universal shelf registration statement.
On May 6, 2009, we filed a registration statement with the U. S.  Securities and Exchange Commission using a shelf registration process.
As permitted by the registration statement, we may, from time to time, sell shares of debt or equity securities in one or more transactions.
The registration statement expires on May 5, 2012.
Escrow account.
We maintain an escrow account for use in the payment of covered litigation matters.
When the Company funds the escrow account, the shares of class B common stock held by our stockholders are subject to dilution through an adjustment to the conversion rate of the shares of class B common stock to shares of class A common stock.
See Note 4—Retrospective Responsibility Plan to our consolidated financial statements.
The balance in this account at September 30, 2010 was $1.9 billion and is reflected as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheet.
In October 2010, after the end of our 2010 fiscal year, we deposited an additional $800 million into the escrow account.
As these funds are restricted for use solely for the purpose of making payments related to covered litigation matters, we have not included them as part of our liquid assets.
However, they should be viewed as a source of cash for purposes of making payments related to settlement of or judgment in covered litigation matters, as described below under Uses of Liquidity.
Credit Ratings At September 30, 2010, Standard and Poor’s and Moody’s rated our unsecured debt as follows:
## Table 1 ##
Various factors affect our credit ratings, including changes in our operating performance, the economic environment, conditions in the electronic payment industry, our financial position and changes in our business strategy.
We do not currently foresee any reasonable circumstances under which our credit ratings would be significantly downgraded.
If a downgrade were to occur, it could adversely impact, among other things, our future borrowing costs and access to capital markets.
## Table 2 ##
The following table presents nominal and constant payments volume growth.
(2)
## Table 3 ##
(1) Service revenues in a given quarter are assessed based on nominal payments volume in the prior quarter.
Therefore, service revenues reported for the 12 months ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, were based on nominal payments volume reported by our financial institution clients for the 12 months ended June 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(2) Figures in the tables may not recalculate exactly due to rounding.
Percentage changes are calculated based on unrounded numbers.
(3) Includes consumer prepaid volume and interlink volume.
(4) Includes large, middle and small business credit and debit, as well as commercial prepaid volume.
(5) Our nominal payments volume, total payments volume growth and total volume growth for the 12 months ended June 30, 2016 does not reflect the related nominal payments volume of $477 billion and cash volume of $177 billion for Visa Europe for the three months ended June 30, 2016, which impacts our service revenues for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016.
(6) Total nominal volume is the sum of total nominal payments volume and cash volume.
Total nominal payments volume is the total monetary value of transactions for goods and services that are purchased on cards carrying the Visa, Visa Electron, Interlink and V PAY brands.
Cash volume generally consists of cash access transactions, balance access transactions, balance transfers and convenience checks.
Total nominal volume is provided by our financial institution clients, subject to review by Visa.
On occasion, previously presented volume information may be updated.
Prior period updates are not material.
(7) Growth on a constant-dollar basis excludes the impact of foreign currency fluctuations against the U. S.  dollar.
Cash Flow Data The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for the fiscal years presented:
## Table 4 ##
Operating activities.
Cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2017 was impacted by the inclusion of Visa Europe in our results for the full year, while fiscal 2016 had one quarter of results that included Visa Europe.
Other factors impacting cash provided by operating activities include: ?
$1.9 billion of the consideration paid in the Visa Europe acquisition during fiscal 2016 related to the effective settlement of the Framework Agreement between us and Visa Europe; ?
payments of $489 million and $244 million of interest on the outstanding senior notes during fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively; and ?
payments of $426 million made from the U. S.  litigation escrow account and a related decrease of approximately $157 million of income taxes paid during fiscal 2015.
The cash inflows and outflows related to the U. S.  litigation escrow account are also reflected as offsetting cash flows within financing activities for their respective years as they are covered by the U. S.  retrospective responsibility plan.
See Note 3—U.
S.  and Europe Retrospective Responsibility Plans and Note 19—Legal Matters to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this report.
Investing activities.
Cash provided by investing activities in fiscal 2017 reflected net proceeds from maturities and sales of available-for-sale investment securities.
Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2016 primarily reflected the up-front cash consideration paid in the Visa Europe acquisition, offset by $2.8 billion of cash held by Visa Europe at the closing of the transaction in fiscal 2016.
See Note 2—Visa Europe to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this report.
Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2015 reflected net purchases of available-for-sale securities.
Financing activities.
Cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2017 primarily reflected $6.9 billion used to repurchase class A common stock in the open market and $1.6 billion of dividend payments, partially offset by $2.5 billion net aggregate proceeds received from our debt issuance completed in September 2017.
Cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2016 primarily reflected $15.9 billion net aggregate proceeds received from our debt issuance completed in December 2015, partially offset by $7.0 billion used to repurchase class A common stock in the open market and $1.4 billion of dividend payments.
Cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2015 reflected payments of $426 million made from the U. S.  litigation escrow account in connection with the interchange multidistrict litigation that offset the impacts discussed above within operating activities, as they are covered by the U. S.  retrospective responsibility plan.
See Note 3—U.
S.  and Europe Retrospective Responsibility Plans, Note 8— Debt, Note 13—Stockholders’ Equity and Note 19—Legal Matters to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this report.
Sources of Liquidity Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash flow from our operations, our investment portfolio and access to various equity and borrowing arrangements.
Funds from operations are maintained in cash and cash equivalents and short-term or long-term available-for-sale investment securities based upon our funding
VENTAS, INC.  NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) If we experience certain kinds of changes of control, the Issuers must make an offer to repurchase the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase; provided, however, that in the event Moody’s and S&P have confirmed their ratings at Ba3 or higher and BB- or higher on the Senior Notes and certain other conditions are met, this repurchase obligation will not apply.
Mortgages At December 31, 2006, we had outstanding 53 mortgage loans that we assumed in connection with various acquisitions.
Outstanding principal balances on these loans ranged from $0.4 million to $114.4 million as of December 31, 2006.
The loans bear interest at fixed rates ranging from 5.6% to 8.5% per annum, except with respect to eight loans with outstanding principal balances ranging from $0.4 million to $114.4 million, which bear interest at the lender’s variable rates, ranging from 3.6% to 8.5% per annum at of December 31, 2006.
The fixed rate debt bears interest at a weighted average annual rate of 7.06% and the variable rate debt bears interest at a weighted average annual rate of 5.61% as of December 31, 2006.
The loans had a weighted average maturity of eight years as of December 31, 2006.
The $114.4 variable mortgage debt was repaid in January 2007.
Scheduled Maturities of Borrowing Arrangements and Other Provisions As of December 31, 2006, our indebtedness has the following maturities (in thousands):

<table><tr><td> (in millions)</td><td> Shares Outstanding at September 30, 2009</td><td> Conversion Rate Into Class A Common Stock</td><td> As Converted</td></tr><tr><td>Class A common stock</td><td>470</td><td>—</td><td>470</td></tr><tr><td>Class B common stock</td><td>245</td><td>0.5824</td><td>143</td></tr><tr><td>Class C common stock</td><td>131</td><td>1.0000</td><td>131</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>846</td><td></td><td>744</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2"> Standard and Poor’s</td><td colspan="2"> Moody’s</td></tr><tr><td> Debt type</td><td> Rating</td><td> Outlook</td><td> Rating</td><td> Outlook</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term unsecured debt</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Local</td><td>A+</td><td>Stable</td><td>A1</td><td>Stable</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign</td><td>A+</td><td>Stable</td><td>A1</td><td>Stable</td></tr><tr><td>Short-term unsecured debt</td><td>A-1</td><td>Stable</td><td>P-1</td><td>Stable</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">United States 12 monthsended June 30,<sup>-1</sup></td><td colspan="3">International 12 monthsended June 30,<sup>-1</sup></td><td colspan="3">Visa Inc. 12 monthsended June 30,<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>%Change</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>%Change</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>%Change</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="9">(in billions, except percentages)</td></tr><tr><td>Nominal payments volume</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Consumer credit</td><td>$1,079</td><td>$980</td><td>10%</td><td>$1,720</td><td>$1,676</td><td>3%</td><td>$2,799</td><td>$2,656</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>Consumer debit<sup>-3</sup></td><td>1,320</td><td>1,201</td><td>10%</td><td>454</td><td>462</td><td>-2%</td><td>1,774</td><td>1,663</td><td>7%</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial<sup>-4</sup></td><td>450</td><td>412</td><td>9%</td><td>147</td><td>150</td><td>-2%</td><td>598</td><td>562</td><td>6%</td></tr><tr><td>Total nominal payments volume<sup>-5</sup></td><td>$2,849</td><td>$2,594</td><td>10%</td><td>$2,321</td><td>$2,288</td><td>1%</td><td>$5,170</td><td>$4,882</td><td>6%</td></tr><tr><td>Cash volume</td><td>520</td><td>491</td><td>6%</td><td>1,775</td><td>2,015</td><td>-12%</td><td>2,294</td><td>2,506</td><td>-8%</td></tr><tr><td>Total nominal volume<sup>-5,(6)</sup></td><td>$3,369</td><td>$3,085</td><td>9%</td><td>$4,095</td><td>$4,303</td><td>-5%</td><td>$7,464</td><td>$7,388</td><td>1%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="4">International</td><td colspan="4">Visa Inc.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">12 months endedJune 30,2017 vs 2016<sup>-1</sup></td><td colspan="2">12 months endedJune 30,2016 vs 2015<sup>-1</sup></td><td colspan="2">12 months endedJune 30,2017 vs 2016<sup>-1</sup></td><td colspan="2">12 months endedJune 30,2016 vs 2015<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nominal</td><td>Constant<sup>-7</sup></td><td>Nominal</td><td>Constant<sup>-7</sup></td><td>Nominal</td><td>Constant<sup>-7</sup></td><td>Nominal</td><td>Constant<sup>-7</sup></td></tr><tr><td>Payments volume growth</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Consumer credit</td><td>29%</td><td>30%</td><td>3%</td><td>13%</td><td>26%</td><td>27%</td><td>5%</td><td>12%</td></tr><tr><td>Consumer debit<sup>-3</sup></td><td>241%</td><td>238%</td><td>-2%</td><td>15%</td><td>64%</td><td>64%</td><td>7%</td><td>11%</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial<sup>-4</sup></td><td>110%</td><td>105%</td><td>-2%</td><td>12%</td><td>36%</td><td>36%</td><td>6%</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td>Total payments volume growth<sup>-5</sup></td><td>76%</td><td>76%</td><td>1%</td><td>13%</td><td>41%</td><td>41%</td><td>6%</td><td>11%</td></tr><tr><td>Cash volume growth</td><td>33%</td><td>33%</td><td>-12%</td><td>4%</td><td>26%</td><td>26%</td><td>-8%</td><td>4%</td></tr><tr><td>Total volume growth<sup>-5</sup></td><td>57%</td><td>57%</td><td>-5%</td><td>9%</td><td>36%</td><td>36%</td><td>1%</td><td>9%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Total cash provided by (used in):</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating activities</td><td>$9,208</td><td>$5,574</td><td>$6,584</td></tr><tr><td>Investing activities</td><td>735</td><td>-10,916</td><td>-1,435</td></tr><tr><td>Financing activities</td><td>-5,924</td><td>7,477</td><td>-3,603</td></tr><tr><td>Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents</td><td>236</td><td>-34</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Increase in cash and cash equivalents</td><td>$4,255</td><td>$2,101</td><td>$1,547</td></tr></table>

Question: What was the average value of the Total nominal payments volume in the years where Consumer credit is positive? (in billion)
Answer: 10052