Syndicated Loans The primary credit indicator for syndicated loans is whether the loans are performing in accordance with the contractual terms of the syndication.
Total nonperforming syndicated loans as of December 31, 2010 were $3 million.
Consumer Bank Loans The Company considers the credit worthiness of borrowers (FICO score), collateral characteristics such as LTV and geographic concentration in determining the allowance for loan loss for residential mortgage loans, credit cards and other consumer bank loans.
At a minimum, management updates FICO scores and LTV ratios semiannually.
As of December 31, 2010, approximately 7% of residential mortgage loans and credit cards and other consumer bank loans had FICO scores below 640.
At December 31, 2010, approximately 3% of the Company’s residential mortgage loans had LTV ratios greater than 90%.
The Company’s most significant geographic concentration for the consumer bank loans is in California representing 33% of the portfolio as of December 31, 2010.
No other state represents more than 10% of the total consumer bank loan portfolio.7.
Reinsurance Generally, the Company reinsures 90% of the death benefit liability related to almost all individual fixed and variable universal life and term life insurance products.
As a result, the Company typically retains and is at risk for, at most, 10% of each policy’s death benefit from the first dollar of coverage for new sales of these policies, subject to the reinsurers fulfilling their obligations.
The Company began reinsuring risks at this level during 2001 (2002 for RiverSource Life of NY) for term life insurance and 2002 (2003 for RiverSource Life of NY) for individual fixed and variable universal life insurance.
Policies issued prior to these dates are not subject to these same reinsurance levels.
Generally, the maximum amount of life insurance risk retained by the Company is $1.5 million on a single life and $1.5 million on any flexible premium survivorship life policy.
Risk on fixed and variable universal life policies is reinsured on a yearly renewable term basis.
Risk on most term life policies starting in 2001 (2002 for RiverSource Life of NY) is reinsured on a coinsurance basis, a type of reinsurance in which the reinsurer participates proportionally in all material risks and premiums associated with a policy.
For existing LTC policies, the Company retained 50% of the risk and ceded the remaining 50% of the risk on a coinsurance basis to subsidiaries of Genworth Financial, Inc.  (‘‘Genworth’’).
For RiverSource Life of NY, this reinsurance arrangement applies for 1996 and later issues only.
Generally, the Company retains at most $5,000 per month of risk per life on DI policies sold on policy forms introduced in most states in October 2007 (August 2010 for RiverSource Life of NY) and reinsures the remainder of the risk on a coinsurance basis with unaffiliated reinsurance companies.
The Company retains all risk for new claims on DI contracts sold on other policy forms.
The Company also retains all risk on accidental death benefit claims and substantially all risk associated with waiver of premium provisions.
At December 31, 2010 and 2009, traditional life and universal life insurance in force aggregated $192.0 billion and $192.8 billion, respectively, of which $134.0 billion and $131.2 billion were reinsured at the respective year ends.
Life insurance in force is reported on a statutory basis.
The Company also reinsures a portion of the risks associated with its personal auto and home insurance products through two types of reinsurance agreements with unaffiliated reinsurance companies.
The Company purchases reinsurance with a limit of $5 million per loss and the Company retains $750,000 per loss.
The Company purchases catastrophe reinsurance and retains $10 million of loss per event with loss recovery up to $80 million per event.
The effect of reinsurance on premiums was as follows:
## Table 0 ##
Cost of insurance and administrative charges on UL and VUL insurance are reflected in other revenues and were net of reinsurance ceded of $67 million, $62 million and $61 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Reinsurance recovered from reinsurers was $172 million, $174 million and $151 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its primary obligation to policyholders.
Receivables included $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion of reinsurance recoverables as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, including $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion recoverable from Genworth, respectively.
Included in future policy
Ameriprise Financial Franchise Advisor Deferred Equity Plan The Franchise Advisor Deferral Plan, which was amended in January 2010, gives certain advisors the choice to defer a portion of their commissions in the form of share-based awards, which are subject to forfeiture based on future service requirements.
The Franchise Advisor Deferral Plan is an unfunded non-qualified deferred compensation plan under section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Company provides a match on the advisor deferrals, which participants can elect to receive in cash or shares of common stock.
The Company provided a 15% stock match for 2010 and a 25% stock match for 2009 and 2008 on eligible deferrals.
The Franchise Advisor Deferral Plan allows for the grant of share-based awards of up to 8.5 million shares of common stock.
The number of units awarded is based on the performance measures, deferral percentage and the market value of Ameriprise Financial common stock on the deferral date as defined by the plan.
The share-based awards generally vest ratably over four years, beginning on January 1 of the year following the plan year in which the award was made.
The Franchise Advisor Deferral Plan allows for accelerated vesting of the share-based awards based on age and years as an advisor.
Commission expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
However, as franchise advisors are not employees of the Company, the expense is adjusted each period based on the stock price of the Company’s common stock up to the vesting date.
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, expense related to units awarded under the Franchise Advisor Deferral Plan was $70 million, $60 million, and $44 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2010, there were approximately 5.9 million units outstanding under the Franchise Advisor Deferral Plan, of which approximately 4.6 million were fully vested.
Ameriprise Financial Advisor Group Deferred Compensation Plan The Employee Advisor Deferral Plan, which was created in April 2009, allows for employee advisors to receive share-based bonus awards which are subject to future service requirements and forfeitures.
The Employee Advisor Deferral Plan is an unfunded non-qualified deferred compensation plan under section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Employee Advisor Deferral Plan also gives qualifying employee advisors the choice to defer a portion of their cash-based compensation beginning in 2010.
This deferral can be in the form of share-based awards or other investment options.
Deferrals are not subject to future service requirements or forfeitures.
Under the Employee Advisor Deferral Plan, a maximum of 3.0 million shares may be issued.
Awards granted under the Employee Advisor Deferral Plan may be settled in cash and/or shares of the Company’s common stock according to the award’s terms.
As of December 31, 2010, there were approximately 0.2 million units outstanding under the Employee Advisor Deferral Plan, of which nil were fully vested.18.
Shareholders’ Equity The following table presents the components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax:
## Table 1 ##
See Note 5, Note 16 and Note 22 for additional disclosures related to net unrealized securities gains (losses), net unrealized derivatives gains (losses) and net unrealized actuarial gains (losses) on defined benefit plans, respectively.
In May 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the expenditure of up to $1.5 billion for the repurchase of the Company’s common stock through the date of its 2012 annual meeting.
During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company repurchased a total of 13.1 million shares of its common stock for an aggregate cost of $573 million.
As of December 31, 2010, the Company had $927 million remaining under the share repurchase authorization.
There were no share repurchases during the year ended December 31, 2009.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company repurchased a total of 12.7 million shares of its common stock for an aggregate cost of $614 million under a share repurchase program.
The Company may also reacquire shares of its common stock under its 2005 ICP and 2008 Plan related to restricted stock awards.
Restricted shares that are forfeited before the vesting period has lapsed are recorded as treasury shares.
In addition, the holders of restricted shares may elect to surrender a portion of their shares on the vesting date to cover their income tax obligations.
These vested restricted shares reacquired by the Company and the Company’s payment of the holders’ income tax obligations are recorded as a treasury share purchase.
The restricted shares forfeited and recorded as
The Annuities segment provides variable and fixed annuity products of RiverSource Life companies to retail clients.
Prior to the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company’s variable annuity products were distributed through both affiliated and unaffiliated advisors through third-party distribution.
During the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company discontinued new sales of its variable annuities in non-Ameriprise channels.
The Company’s fixed annuity products are distributed through both affiliated and unaffiliated advisors through third-party distribution.
Revenues for the Company’s variable annuity products are primarily earned as fees based on underlying account balances, which are impacted by both market movements and net asset flows.
Revenues for the Company’s fixed annuity products are primarily earned as net investment income on assets supporting fixed account balances, with profitability significantly impacted by the spread between net investment income earned and interest credited on the fixed account balances.
The Company also earns net investment income on owned assets supporting reserves for immediate annuities and for certain guaranteed benefits offered with variable annuities and on capital supporting the business.
Intersegment revenues for this segment reflect fees paid by the Asset Management segment for marketing support and other services provided in connection with the availability of RiverSource Variable Series Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I and Wanger Advisors Trust funds under the variable annuity contracts.
Intersegment expenses for this segment include distribution expenses for services provided by the Advice & Wealth Management segment, as well as expenses for investment management services provided by the Asset Management segment.
The Protection segment offers a variety of protection products to address the protection and risk management needs of the Company’s retail clients including life, DI and property-casualty insurance.
Life and DI products are primarily distributed through the Company’s branded advisors.
The Company’s property-casualty products are sold direct, primarily through affinity relationships.
The Company issues insurance policies through its life insurance subsidiaries and the property casualty companies.
The primary sources of revenues for this segment are premiums, fees, and charges that the Company receives to assume insurance-related risk.
The Company earns net investment income on owned assets supporting insurance reserves and capital supporting the business.
The Company also receives fees based on the level of assets supporting variable universal life separate account balances.
This segment earns intersegment revenues from fees paid by the Asset Management segment for marketing support and other services provided in connection with the availability of RiverSource Variable Series Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I and Wanger Advisors Trust funds under the variable universal life contracts.
Intersegment expenses for this segment include distribution expenses for services provided by the Advice & Wealth Management segment, as well as expenses for investment management services provided by the Asset Management segment.
The Corporate & Other segment consists of net investment income on corporate level assets, including excess capital held in the Company’s subsidiaries and other unallocated equity and other revenues from various investments as well as unallocated corporate expenses.
The Corporate & Other segment also includes revenues and expenses of consolidated investment entities.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Company, except for the method of capital allocation and the accounting for gains (losses) from intercompany revenues and expenses, which are eliminated in consolidation.
The following is a summary of assets by segment:
## Table 2 ##
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial information from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006 and for the five-year period ended December 31, 2010.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
On April 30, 2010, we acquired the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group.
Results presented below include the results of this business after the date of acquisition.
The selected financial data presented below should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included elsewhere in this report and ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
’’
## Table 3 ##
Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Ameriprise Financial common shareholders:
## Table 4 ##
(1) During 2007 and 2006, we recorded non-recurring separation costs as a result of our separation from American Express.
During the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, $236 million ($154 million after-tax) and $361 million ($235 million after-tax), respectively, of such costs were incurred.
These costs were primarily associated with establishing the Ameriprise Financial brand, separating and reestablishing our technology platforms and advisor and employee retention programs.
(2) Diluted shares used in this calculation represent basic shares due to the net loss.
Using actual diluted shares would result in anti-dilution.
(3) Balance Sheet data represents assets and liabilities before consolidated investment entities, as reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(4) Total Ameriprise Financial, Inc.  shareholders’ equity for 2007, 2008 and 2009 was adjusted for a change in accounting method, as described in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTES TO THE AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 98 Director Stock Compensation Subplan Eastman's 2016 Director Stock Compensation Subplan ("Directors' Subplan"), a component of the 2012 Omnibus Plan, remains in effect until terminated by the Board off Directors or the earlier termination of the 2012 Omnibus Plan.
The Directors' Subplan provides for structured awards of restricted shares to non-employee members of the Board of Directors.
Restricted shares awarded under the Directors' Subplan are subject to the same terms and conditions of the 2012 Omnibus Plan.
The Directors' Subplan does not constitute a separate source of shares for grant of equity awards and all shares awarded are part of the 10 million shares authorized under the 2012 Omnibus Plan.
Shares off restricted stock are granted on the first day of a nonemployee director's initial term of service and shares of restricted stock are granted each year to each non-employee director on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders.
General The Company is authorized by the Board off Directors under the 2012 Omnibus Plan to provide awards to employees and nonemployee members of the Board of Directors.
It has been the Company's practice to issue new shares rather than treasury shares for equity awards that require settlement by the issuance of common stock and to withhold or accept back shares awarded to cover the related income tax obligations of employee participants.
Shares of unrestrictedd common stock owned by nonemployee directors are not eligible to be withheld or acquired to satisfy the withholding obligation related to their income taaxes.
Shares of unrestricted common stock owned by specified senior management level employees are accepted by the Company to pay the exercise price of stock options in accordance with the terms and conditions of their awards.
For 2016, 2015, and 2014, total share-based compensation expense (before tax) of approximately $36 million, $36 million, and $28 million, respectively, was recognizedd in selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for all share-based awards of which approximately $7 million, $7 million, and $4 million, respectively, related to stock options.
The compensation expense is recognized over the substantive vesting period, which may be a shorter time period than the stated vesting period for qualifying termination eligible employees as defined in the forms of award notice.
For 2016, 2015, and 2014, approximately $2 million, $2 million, and $1 million, respectively, of stock option compensation expense was recognized due to qualifying termination eligibility preceding the requisite vesting period.
Stock Option Awards Options have been granted on an annual basis to non-employee directors under the Directors' Subplan and predecessor plans and by the Compensation and Management Development Committee of the Board of Directors under the 2012 Omnibus Plan and predecessor plans to employees.
Option awards have an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company's stock on the date of grant.
The term off options is 10 years with vesting periods that vary up to three years.
Vesting usually occurs ratably over the vesting period or at the end of the vesting period.
The Company utilizes the Black Scholes Merton option valuation model which relies on certain assumptions to estimate an option's fair value.
The weighted average assumptions used in the determination of fair value for stock options awarded in 2016, 2015, and 2014 are provided in the table below:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">Years Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Direct premiums</td><td>$1,382</td><td>$1,317</td><td>$1,263</td></tr><tr><td>Reinsurance ceded</td><td>-203</td><td>-219</td><td>-215</td></tr><tr><td>Net premiums</td><td>$1,179</td><td>$1,098</td><td>$1,048</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Net unrealized securities gains</td><td>$615</td><td>$310</td></tr><tr><td>Net unrealized derivatives gains</td><td>18</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Defined benefit plans</td><td>-24</td><td>-20</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency translation</td><td>-44</td><td>-28</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$565</td><td>$265</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Advice & Wealth Management</td><td>$11,410</td><td>$11,098</td></tr><tr><td>Asset Management</td><td>7,854</td><td>5,951</td></tr><tr><td>Annuities</td><td>84,836</td><td>77,037</td></tr><tr><td>Protection</td><td>18,571</td><td>16,758</td></tr><tr><td>Corporate & Other</td><td>8,521</td><td>2,926</td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>$131,192</td><td>$113,770</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="5">Years Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>2010 </td><td>2009 </td><td>2008</td><td>2007 -1</td><td>2006-1 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td colspan="5">(in millions, except per share data) </td></tr><tr><td> Income Statement Data:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total net revenues</td><td>$9,976</td><td>$7,805</td><td>$6,918</td><td>$8,506</td><td>$7,985</td></tr><tr><td>Total expenses</td><td>8,382</td><td>6,885</td><td>7,341</td><td>7,498</td><td>7,123</td></tr><tr><td>Pretax income (loss)</td><td>1,594</td><td>920</td><td>-423</td><td>1,008</td><td>862</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax provision (benefit)</td><td>334</td><td>183</td><td>-333</td><td>202</td><td>166</td></tr><tr><td>Net income (loss)</td><td>1,260</td><td>737</td><td>-90</td><td>806</td><td>696</td></tr><tr><td>Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td>163</td><td>15</td><td>-54</td><td>-8</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Net income (loss) attributable to Ameriprise Financial</td><td>$1,097</td><td>$722</td><td>$-36</td><td>$814</td><td>$631</td></tr><tr><td> Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Ameriprise Financial, Inc. Common Shareholders:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Basic</td><td>$4.26</td><td>$2.98</td><td>$-0.16</td><td>$3.45</td><td>$2.56</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted</td><td>4.18</td><td>2.95</td><td>-0.16 (2)</td><td>3.39</td><td>2.54</td></tr><tr><td> Cash Dividends Paid Per Common Share</td><td>0.71</td><td>0.68</td><td>0.64</td><td>0.56</td><td>0.44</td></tr><tr><td> Cash Dividends Paid</td><td>183</td><td>164</td><td>143</td><td>133</td><td>108</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="5">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>2010 </td><td>2009 </td><td>2008 </td><td>2007 </td><td>2006 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td colspan="5">(in millions) </td></tr><tr><td> Balance Sheet Data:-3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Investments</td><td>$37,053</td><td>$36,938</td><td>$27,510</td><td>$30,479</td><td>$35,154</td></tr><tr><td>Separate account assets</td><td>68,330</td><td>58,129</td><td>44,746</td><td>61,974</td><td>53,848</td></tr><tr><td>Total assets before consolidated investment entities</td><td>124,321</td><td>112,671</td><td>95,188</td><td>108,358</td><td>103,502</td></tr><tr><td>Future policy benefits and claims</td><td>30,208</td><td>30,886</td><td>29,293</td><td>27,446</td><td>30,031</td></tr><tr><td>Separate account liabilities</td><td>68,330</td><td>58,129</td><td>44,746</td><td>61,974</td><td>53,848</td></tr><tr><td>Customer deposits</td><td>8,779</td><td>8,554</td><td>8,229</td><td>6,206</td><td>6,688</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term debt</td><td>2,317</td><td>1,868</td><td>1,963</td><td>2,018</td><td>2,019</td></tr><tr><td>Short-term borrowings</td><td>397</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Total liabilities before consolidated investment entities</td><td>114,183</td><td>103,448</td><td>89,030</td><td>100,795</td><td>95,657</td></tr><tr><td>Total Ameriprise Financial, Inc. shareholders' equity-4</td><td>10,725</td><td>9,269</td><td>6,174</td><td>7,802</td><td>7,925</td></tr></table>

Question: what was the cumulative stock option compensation expense was recognized due to qualifying termination eligibility preceding the requisite vesting period from 2014 to 2016 in millions
Answer: 5