Management’s discussion and analysis 146 JPMorgan Chase & Co. /2012 Annual Report Nonperforming assets The following table presents information as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, about consumer, excluding credit card, nonperforming assets.
Nonperforming assets(a)
## Table 0 ##
(a) At December 31, 2012 and 2011, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U. S.  government agencies of $10.6 billion and $11.5 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) real estate owned insured by U. S.  government agencies of $1.6 billion and $954 million, respectively; and (3) student loans insured by U. S.  government agencies under the FFELP of $525 million and $551 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due.
These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(b) Excludes PCI loans that were acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction, which are accounted for on a pool basis.
Since each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the pastdue status of the pools, or that of individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful.
Because the Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans, they are all considered to be performing.
Nonaccrual loans: Total consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans were $9.2 billion at December 31, 2012, compared with $7.4 billion at December 31, 2011.
Excluding the combined impacts of the Chapter 7 loans and the performing junior lien home equity loans discussed below, total consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans would have been $6.2 billion at December 31, 2012, compared with $7.4 billion at December 31, 2011.
In addition to the combined impacts of the Chapter 7 loans and the performing junior lien home equity loans, elongated foreclosure processing timelines continue to result in elevated levels of nonaccrual loans in the residential real estate portfolios.
Nonaccrual loans in the residential real estate portfolio totaled $8.5 billion at December 31, 2012, of which 42% were greater than 150 days past due, compared with nonaccrual residential real estate loans of $6.5 billion at December 31, 2011, of which 69% were greater than 150 days past due.
In the aggregate, the unpaid principal balance of residential real estate loans greater than 150 days past due was charged down by approximately 52% and 50% to estimated net realizable value of the collateral at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
At December 31, 2012, consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans included $1.8 billion of Chapter 7 loans, consisting of $450 million of senior lien home equity, $440 million of junior lien home equity, $500 million of prime mortgage, including option ARMs, $357 million of subprime mortgages and $51 million of auto loans.
Because the Chapter 7 loans are accounted for as collateral-dependent loans and reported at the net realizable value of the collateral, these loans did not require an additional allowance for loan losses.
Certain of these individual loans had previously been reported as performing TDRs (e. g. , those loans that had been previously modified under one of the Firm’s loss mitigation programs and that subsequently made at least six payments under the modified payment terms).
At December 31, 2012, nonaccrual loans in the residential real estate portfolio also included $1.2 billion of performing junior lien home equity loans that are subordinate to senior liens that are 90 days or more past due.
For more information on the change in reporting of these junior liens, see the home equity portfolio analysis discussion on pages 140–141 of this Annual Report.
Modified loans have contributed to an elevated level of nonaccrual loans, since the Firm’s policy requires modified loans that are on nonaccrual status to remain on nonaccrual status until payment is reasonably assured and the borrower has made a minimum of six payments under the modified terms.
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, modified residential real estate loans of $4.4 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, were classified as nonaccrual loans.
Real estate owned (“REO”): REO assets are managed for prompt sale and disposition at the best possible economic value.
REO assets are those individual properties where the Firm receives the property in satisfaction of a debt (e. g. , by taking legal title or physical possession).
The Firm generally recognizes REO assets at the completion of the foreclosure process or upon execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure transaction with the borrower.
REO assets, excluding those insured by U. S.  government agencies, decreased by $155 million from $802 million at December 31, 2011, to $647 million at December 31, 2012.
Mortgage servicing-related matters The financial crisis resulted in unprecedented levels of delinquencies and defaults of 1-4 family residential real estate loans.
Such loans required varying degrees of loss mitigation activities.
It is the Firm’s goal that foreclosure in these situations be a last resort, and accordingly, the Firm has made, and continues to make, significant efforts to help borrowers stay in their homes.
Since the third quarter of 2010, the Firm has prevented two foreclosures for every foreclosure completed; foreclosure-prevention methods include loan modification, short sales and other means.
The Firm has a well-defined foreclosure prevention process when a borrower fails to pay on his or her loan.
The Firm attempts to contact the borrower multiple times and in various ways in an effort to pursue home retention or other
Management’s discussion and analysis 150 JPMorgan Chase & Co. /2012 Annual Report WHOLESALE CREDIT PORTFOLIO As of December 31, 2012, wholesale exposure (CIB, CB and AM) increased by $70.9 billion from December 31, 2011, primarily driven by increases of $52.1 billion in lendingrelated commitments and $30.2 billion in loans due to increased client activity across most regions and most businesses.
The increase in loans was due to growth in CB and AM.
These increases were partially offset by a $17.5 billion decrease in derivative receivables, primarily related to the decline in the U. S.  dollar, and tightening of credit spreads; these changes resulted in reductions to interest rate, credit derivative, and foreign exchange balances.
## Table 1 ##
Credit Portfolio Management derivatives notional, net(b) $ (27,447) $ (26,240) $ (25) $ (38) Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives (13,658) (21,807) NA NA (a) Receivables from customers and other primarily includes margin loans to prime and retail brokerage customers; these are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b) Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U. S.  GAAP.
Excludes the synthetic credit portfolio.
For additional information, see Credit derivatives on pages 158–159, and Note 6 on pages 218–227 of this Annual Report.
(c) Excludes assets acquired in loan satisfactions.
(d) Prior to the first quarter of 2012, reported amounts had only included defaulted derivatives; effective in the first quarter of 2012, reported amounts in all periods include both defaulted derivatives as well as derivatives that have been risk rated as nonperforming.
Notes to consolidated financial statements 232 JPMorgan Chase & Co. /2012 Annual Report The following table presents the changes in benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status amounts reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the Firm’s U. S.  and non-U.
S.  defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.
## Table 2 ##
(a) Represents overfunded plans with an aggregate balance of $2.8 billion and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and underfunded plans with an aggregate balance of $612 million and $621 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
(b) At December 31, 2012 and 2011, approximately $418 million and $426 million, respectively, of U. S.  plan assets included participation rights under participating annuity contracts.
(c) At December 31, 2012 and 2011, defined benefit pension plan amounts not measured at fair value included $137 million and $50 million, respectively, of accrued receivables, and $310 million and $245 million, respectively, of accrued liabilities, for U. S.  plans; and $47 million and $56 million, respectively, of accrued receivables, and $46 million and $69 million of accrued liabilities, respectively, for non-U.
S.  plans.
(d) Does not include any amounts attributable to the WaMu Pension Plan.
(e) Includes an unfunded accumulated postretirement benefit obligation of $31 million and $33 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, for the U. K.  plan.
Gains and losses For the Firm’s defined benefit pension plans, fair value is used to determine the expected return on plan assets.
Amortization of net gains and losses is included in annual net periodic benefit cost if, as of the beginning of the year, the net gain or loss exceeds 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the fair value of the plan assets.
Any excess is amortized over the average future service period of defined benefit pension plan participants, which for the U. S.  defined benefit pension plan is currently nine years.
In addition, prior service costs are amortized over the average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits under the plan when the prior service cost is first recognized.
The average remaining amortization period for current prior service costs is six years.
For the Firm’s OPEB plans, a calculated value that recognizes changes in fair value over a five-year period is used to determine the expected return on plan assets.
This value is referred to as the market related value of assets.
Amortization of net gains and losses, adjusted for gains and losses not yet recognized, is included in annual net periodic benefit cost if, as of the beginning of the year, the net gain or loss exceeds 10% of the greater of the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation or the market related value of assets.
Any excess is amortized over the average future service period, which is currently four years; however, prior service costs are amortized over the average years of service remaining to full eligibility age, which is currently three years.

<table><tr><td>December 31, (in millions)</td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td></tr><tr><td>Nonaccrual loans<sup>(b)</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Home equity – senior lien</td><td>$931</td><td>$495</td></tr><tr><td>Home equity – junior lien</td><td>2,277</td><td>792</td></tr><tr><td>Prime mortgage, including option ARMs</td><td>3,445</td><td>3,462</td></tr><tr><td>Subprime mortgage</td><td>1,807</td><td>1,781</td></tr><tr><td>Auto</td><td>163</td><td>118</td></tr><tr><td>Business banking</td><td>481</td><td>694</td></tr><tr><td>Student and other</td><td>70</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Total nonaccrual loans</td><td>9,174</td><td>7,411</td></tr><tr><td>Assets acquired in loan satisfactions</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Real estate owned</td><td>647</td><td>802</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>37</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions</td><td>684</td><td>846</td></tr><tr><td>Total nonperforming assets</td><td>$9,858</td><td>$8,257</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>December 31,</td><td>Credit exposure</td><td>Nonperforming<sup>(c)(d)</sup></td></tr><tr><td>(in millions)</td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td></tr><tr><td>Loans retained</td><td>$306,222</td><td>$278,395</td><td>$1,434</td><td>$2,398</td></tr><tr><td>Loans held-for-sale</td><td>4,406</td><td>2,524</td><td>18</td><td>110</td></tr><tr><td>Loans at fair value</td><td>2,555</td><td>2,097</td><td>93</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>Loans – reported</td><td>313,183</td><td>283,016</td><td>1,545</td><td>2,581</td></tr><tr><td>Derivative receivables</td><td>74,983</td><td>92,477</td><td>239</td><td>297</td></tr><tr><td>Receivables from customers and other<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>23,648</td><td>17,461</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Total wholesale credit-related assets</td><td>411,814</td><td>392,954</td><td>1,784</td><td>2,878</td></tr><tr><td>Lending-related commitments</td><td>434,814</td><td>382,739</td><td>355</td><td>865</td></tr><tr><td>Total wholesale credit exposure</td><td>$846,628</td><td>$775,693</td><td>$2,139</td><td>$3,743</td></tr><tr><td>Credit Portfolio Management derivatives notional, net<sup>(b)</sup></td><td>$-27,447</td><td>$-26,240</td><td>$-25</td><td>$-38</td></tr><tr><td>Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives</td><td>-13,658</td><td>-21,807</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="7">Defined benefit pension plans</td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>As of or for the year ended December 31,</td><td colspan="3">U.S.</td><td></td><td colspan="3">Non-U.S.</td><td></td><td colspan="2">OPEB plans<sup>(e)</sup></td></tr><tr><td>(in millions)</td><td>2012</td><td></td><td>2011</td><td></td><td>2012</td><td></td><td>2011</td><td></td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td></tr><tr><td>Change in benefit obligation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation, beginning of year</td><td>$-9,043</td><td></td><td>$-8,320</td><td></td><td>$-2,829</td><td></td><td>$-2,600</td><td></td><td>$-999</td><td>$-980</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits earned during the year</td><td>-272</td><td></td><td>-249</td><td></td><td>-41</td><td></td><td>-36</td><td></td><td>-1</td><td>-1</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost on benefit obligations</td><td>-466</td><td></td><td>-451</td><td></td><td>-126</td><td></td><td>-133</td><td></td><td>-44</td><td>-51</td></tr><tr><td>Plan amendments</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>6</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>WaMu Global Settlement</td><td>-1,425</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Employee contributions</td><td>NA</td><td></td><td>NA</td><td></td><td>-5</td><td></td><td>-5</td><td></td><td>-74</td><td>-84</td></tr><tr><td>Net gain/(loss)</td><td>-864</td><td></td><td>-563</td><td></td><td>-244</td><td></td><td>-160</td><td></td><td>-9</td><td>-39</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>592</td><td></td><td>540</td><td></td><td>108</td><td></td><td>93</td><td></td><td>149</td><td>166</td></tr><tr><td>Expected Medicare Part D subsidy receipts</td><td>NA</td><td></td><td>NA</td><td></td><td>NA</td><td></td><td>NA</td><td></td><td>-10</td><td>-10</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange impact and other</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>-112</td><td></td><td>12</td><td></td><td>-2</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation, end of year</td><td>$-11,478</td><td></td><td>$-9,043</td><td></td><td>$-3,243</td><td></td><td>$-2,829</td><td></td><td>$-990</td><td>$-999</td></tr><tr><td>Change in plan assets</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year</td><td>$10,472</td><td></td><td>$10,828</td><td></td><td>$2,989</td><td></td><td>$2,647</td><td></td><td>$1,435</td><td>$1,381</td></tr><tr><td>Actual return on plan assets</td><td>1,292</td><td></td><td>147</td><td></td><td>237</td><td></td><td>277</td><td></td><td>142</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>Firm contributions</td><td>31</td><td></td><td>37</td><td></td><td>86</td><td></td><td>169</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>WaMu Global Settlement</td><td>1,809</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Employee contributions</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>5</td><td></td><td>5</td><td></td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>-592</td><td></td><td>-540</td><td></td><td>-108</td><td></td><td>-93</td><td></td><td>-16</td><td>-26</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange impact and other</td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>121</td><td></td><td>-16</td><td></td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets, end of year</td><td>$13,012</td><td><sup>(b)(c)</sup></td><td>$10,472</td><td><sup>(b)(c)</sup></td><td>$3,330</td><td><sup>(c)</sup></td><td>$2,989</td><td><sup>(c)</sup></td><td>$1,563</td><td>$1,435</td></tr><tr><td>Funded/(unfunded) status<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>$1,534</td><td></td><td>$1,429</td><td><sup>(d)</sup></td><td>$87</td><td></td><td>$160</td><td></td><td>$573</td><td>$436</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year</td><td>$-11,447</td><td></td><td>$-9,008</td><td></td><td>$-3,221</td><td></td><td>$-2,800</td><td></td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the sum of Home equity – senior lien in 2012 and Benefits earned during the year in 2012 for U.S. (in million)
Answer: 659