[Samsung Galaxy S (4G Model)] chowbiz:
1) This worked! Amazing. Thanks SANFRANX415. I have only worked on one other phone and was careful to follow the directions.

2) I spent a lot of time in angst over the fact that Super 1 Click and Z4 (both rooting programs) are reported as security concerns by MS Security Essentials 2. Yes, I read the post that they are indeed exploits, but finally agreed to try them. For Z4, I had read that the root could be temporary, so I tried the temporary unroot, but it never stopped working (spinning symbol) and I finally tried Super 1 Click. Super 1 Click both worked (and when I downloaded from within XDA from the creator's own link, I did not get any security messages about this possibly containing any viruses, suggesting that some alternative download sites have viruses) and allows for an unroot. I had also obsessed over not wanting to permanently root my phone for fear of leaving it vulnerable in some way, so others need not fear this.

3) For those having trouble with the concept of the SD card, what most of the instructions (and their copies) do not seem to say is that you are going to only copy 1 file from the phone to the SD card, then copy that file from the SD card to your computer. You need to root the phone to get superuser access (I would guess kind of like "showing hidden files" in Windows), and the terminal emulator to copy the developer file to the SD card. Those lines of code used in the terminal emulator do nothing but that.

4) As noted above, your only purpose in rooting and installing the terminal emulator is to copy 1 file to the SD card and then moving the file to your computer so you can VIEW it. The best part about SANFRANX415's method is that you are not doing anything invasive to the phone. I both unrooted the phone and deleted the terminal emulator, so I see no cause for security concerns.

5) Where I got lost was in working with the file on the computer. 010 Hex Editor is only ALMOST as easy as the description, if you have never used one before. I followed the instructions and got 493 occurrences of the Hex string! I figured that there was no way to find the code, other than a lot of extra searching and I was not told to expect so many results. It turns out that what may be needed are more instructions (and screen shots) of how to use 010 Hex Editor, or similar products.

Thanks to MissingXtension's post of his screenshot, I realized that there are a couple of tips I can offer, none of which is new info, but should add some clarity:

1) The place where you are looking for the unlock code is the part AFTER the highlighted part for the hex code result. My screen is not quite as wide as was shown, so in that 3rd part of the screen, be sure to look at the ASCII text right AFTER the highlighted part.

2) In my case, the LAST result was the one with the unlock key in it. How did I figure this out? Because at the bottom of the screen is a section labeled "output" and I clicked on the first instance and scrolled down, while keeping my upper screen scrolled all the way to the right. Consequently, I saw the unlock code quickly.

3) I do not know if there is a 2nd or further instance. I know that phones can lock up if you try too many codes, but I tried this first one (it being the only 8-digit text I could find in that 3rd section--after much manual searching around), and it worked.

A long-winded way of saying that this worked for me, thanks to the contributions, and I hope some of the above can inform on-going efforts at refining the instructions.

Thanks.