[Galaxy S I9000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] SilentStorm:
I had time to debug the problem and I isolated the problem. I have both good news and bad news.

The good news is, the problem looks like a simple permission problem. adb logcat spilled all the guts of the problem and it looks like it:

E/DatabaseUtils(25977): Writing exception to parcel
E/DatabaseUtils(25977): java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: writing com.google.android.gsf.settings.GoogleSettingsProvider uri content://com.google.settings/partner from pid=8129, uid=10008 requires com.google.android.providers.settings.permission.WRITE_GSETTINGS
E/DatabaseUtils(25977): at android.content.ContentProvider$Transport.enforceWritePermission(ContentProvider.java:337)
E/DatabaseUtils(25977): at android.content.ContentProvider$Transport.insert(ContentProvider.java:173)
E/DatabaseUtils(25977): at android.content.ContentProviderNative.onTransact(ContentProviderNative.java:146)
E/DatabaseUtils(25977): at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:288)
E/DatabaseUtils(25977): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.run(Native Method)
W/dalvikvm( 8129): threadid=11: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x4001d7d0)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): FATAL EXCEPTION: UpdateCheckinDatabaseService
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: writing com.google.android.gsf.settings.GoogleSettingsProvider uri content://com.google.settings/partner from pid=8129, uid=10008 requires com.google.android.providers.settings.permission.WRITE_GSETTINGS
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1260)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at android.database.DatabaseUtils.readExceptionFromParcel(DatabaseUtils.java:160)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at android.database.DatabaseUtils.readExceptionFromParcel(DatabaseUtils.java:114)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at android.content.ContentProviderProxy.insert(ContentProviderNative.java:408)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at android.content.ContentResolver.insert(ContentResolver.java:587)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at com.google.android.gsf.GoogleSettingsContract$NameValueTable.putString(GoogleSettingsContract.java:55)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at com.google.android.gsf.GoogleSettingsContract$Partner.putString(GoogleSettingsContract.java:126)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at com.android.vending.UpdateCheckinService.updateCheckinDatabase(UpdateCheckinService.java:140)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at com.android.vending.UpdateCheckinService.access$000(UpdateCheckinService.java:34)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at com.android.vending.UpdateCheckinService$ServiceHandler.handleMessage(UpdateCheckinService.java:85)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
E/AndroidRuntime( 8129): at android.os.HandlerThread.run(HandlerThread.java:60)
I/PowerManagerService( 2475): Light Animator Finished curIntValue=32
W/ActivityManager( 2475): Force finishing activity com.android.vending/.SearchAssetListActivity
I/ ( 2475): dumpmesg > /data/log/dumpstate_app_error.log

The bad news is, I'm not familiar to the internal workings of the android yet and I was unable to modify the permissions. I tried /system/etc/permissions and added some xml files that contained proper syntax but that was unable to solve the problem.

I'll be glad if someone more experienced can give me some hints because I want to solve this annoying problem.

Cheers and thanks in advance to all.