yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
If you are going to use the rom decrypted then official ofox is fine

If you are going to use efe and want to see storage in recovery after encryption then use official twrp
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rocinante7:
I tried OTA but didn't work. I am using ofox and voltage with encryption. How can I dirty flash? Everyone says different things about dirty flashing but how should I do with encrypted voltage os and ofox?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] mauam:
The OP recommends TWRP for encrypted users. Anyway, to dirty flash, simple flash the update & the efe file, to keep encrypted.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rocinante7:
Do I need to wipe anything?

Edit: I replaced OrangeFox with TWRPand didn't try OTA. I just flashed update file and efe, didn't wipe anything and booted to system. At first boot I waited a lot at boot logo but phone didn't open. Long pressed power button and restarted phone. Booted into system and update completed successfully.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rocinante7:
@Pranav Temkar I still get system ui error on voltage 3.2.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] unknown2560:
this rom is the most stable rom on android 14 i have used so far....thanks to the maintainers of this rom.i have one request...plz add raise to wake or lift to check phone feature
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] RikkiBalboa:
It's working for me but can't find the entry I changed in settings now. I'll keep looking.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rocinante7:
@Pranav Temkar phone restarts out of nowhere. It happened 4 times in an hour.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Settings > Display > Ambient Display > Pickup
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
normal logcat cannot capture reboot logs it needs pstore logs which are found under /sys/fs/pstore

also i dont have any random reboots make sure you have not done any modifications or changed network bands through network signal guru app
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rocinante7:
I didn't do any modifications. It's ramoops right? Under pstore. I can provide them in a bit.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Yes ramoops
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rocinante7:
Well, i get permission error, i didn't root. Do i need to root? adb: error: failed to stat remote object '/sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops': Permission denied
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
You can view from recovery also

Recovery has a file manager system

Where it allows to copy paste files to internal storage
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] RabidWolve:
Disregard.

Problem fixed. Thanks for the rom.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Spectato:
Hey, would like to know if theres any way to install the leica cameras on this rom without root?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Again i am clearly mentioning this thread i have created to help people with issues / bugs faced after flashing VoltageOS. We at VoltageOS neither ship any camera magisk mods with the rom, nor we will provide any support related to it here.

There is a specific thread created in Raphael Xda page under

Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro Themes, Apps, and

This is customization central! Make your Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro truly unique by taking advantage of Android's ability to be tweaked to your liking.

xdaforums.com

I Can clearly see it has a section called leica camera

Please continue such discussion there, this is not the correct place to discuss magisk mods & stuffs which modify the os.

At the end of the day we wont tell you to not do what you want, you can do anything with the rom, but please dont come here with new bugs after your magisk modifications, there are separate section created for enthusiast modders please continue there.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Spectato:
So sorry for posting on the wrong page. Thank you so much for the hard work on the rom!
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Note IMP

Those who are on vos 3.2

Yesterday google nuked the fingerprint we were using to pass device integrity & safety net. Playstore will now show uncertified for normal gapps users.

In order to fix this you will need to install PIF apk which is provided by voltage os team which changes fp to motorola griffin

Instructions to follow READ PROPERLY

1. Download updated PIF.apk

2. Install APK.

3. Clear data Play store app.

4. Reboot the device.

For VoltageOS (A14 only 3.2) builds with built-in Play integrity fix, not applicable for Sandbox gapps users

Remove/disable other pif modules.

To check this PLAY INTEGRITY PROPERLY,

1. Uninstall tb checker/spic/play integrity checker/safetynet checker apps etc..

2. Visit play store app settings

3. Tap about tab

4. Tap play store version 4 times

5. Tap general tab

6. Tap developer options

7. Tap check integrity
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] dmateljic:
Hmmm come from VoltageOS 2.8

Did all by the book, used OrangeFOX 1.14

Wiped all .. Clean FLASH .. tried NikGapps and Mind the Gapps ... same result

STUCK AT BOOT ANIMATION ... How long it suppose to stay on boot animation for first boot after flash ???

Mi 9T pro global here ...

Any suggestion before i flash back backup to v 2.8 ?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Were you encrypted previously ?

Most probably if you forgot to flash efe.zip then

Always take backup of internal

Now factory reset from recovery and clean flash.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] user2332:
Hi, do you have a "crowdin" page? Can you give me a link?

Or where should the language part be translated?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
It was present in a12, later the plan was dropped as lead members didnt have time to manage stuffs with their busy life.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] donny101:
I've been banging my head against the wall because rcs in Google messages kept failing to send even though it said connected.

After following this I opened messages and my rcs messages sent right away!

I don't know if it was the fingerprint that was causing issues or just wiping the play store but it works now!! Thanks for the quick fix team!
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] tizcrazyy:
Is there any chance of seeing root debugging in developer options?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
No
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] ruanight:
Hello, after a while that I don't report exactly, the WI-FI disconnects.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Cuidadiner:
I,m also using Voltage OS 3.0 right now and have the same problem as the other user. In my case using Xiaomi original charger lockscreen charging info shows 0,7A - 3,3W - 4,2V -26,5º (with 86% of battery shows 3hours for complete charging). i don,t remember having this kind of issue in other versions of Voltage OS. could it be something related only to 3.0 ? i would like to know it before flashing the 3.2 newest version, both beacuse of the google nuke and the charging issue. Thanks.

In the case i would go back to MIUI , what should i flash? only MIUI firmware ? or something else (from the list we flash now for VOS, i,m using encrypted )? i mean gapps or MIUI has it incorporated?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Cuidadiner:
Thanks for the info. Are you going to realease a VOS 3.2.1 version with this PIF issue resolved?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Cuidadiner:
I have the orfox special version you gave us for other VOS releases for efe users. Can i use this Orfox special version for flashing the VOS 3.2 version without having to change to TWRP? if i want to use VOS 3.2 encrypted. Thanks in advance
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
No, Read what is written in the post, you need to flash apk, not flash whole new rom. Apk is given so its easy for end users and not flash whole rom again and again after google kills old fingerprint. We all have busy life here, its not feasible to give vos 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.3.3 and so on everyday. This is just a hobby project and not a job.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Again failing to read the op, where in its clearly mentioned for encrypted users they need to flash twrp mentioned in the post, there is a reason the unofficial ofox was removed as some people had recovery bootloop with that ofox unofficial.

Its always recommended to read and follow thread, thankyou.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] b3stiaL:
Hey,

I clean flashed two times following the installation guide on the first page.

Everything went fine until I rebooted the phone after a few hours.

After unlocking the screen (fingerprint no longer works) it freezes after 30-60 seconds and than reboots.

Clean flashing again didn't help :(

Logfile is attached; thank you in advance.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
What is this 9 mb of logs ?

no body have such issues here

these logs are so big the actual issues cant even be traced

have you enabled smart pixels ? then you wont be able to use fingerprint

send logs only of the bug you facing

sending huge logs dosent really help
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] b3stiaL:
Thanks for the answer.

Smart pixels is disabled.

Hm, sorry for the big logfile. I don't know anything about logfiles and I've followed a guide on this forum.

I will try again.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] DeathSlayer_17:
Are you restoring your data via Google backup? If yes then try unchecking the "Restore Device Settings" it may fix your issue with fingerprint if you are coming from a13 or miui roms
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
QPR 2 is out and we are back with April patch, I know its being long time but we were ensuring you all get a stable experience as always found in past releases.

This is rebased source from scratch so clean flashing is mandatory this release

Kindly refrain from posting bug reports if dirty flashing from previous builds

until next time, adios.

Build Date : 27/04/2024

Changelog :

Device Side :

- Define PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL directly

- Update Carrier Config to LA.QSSI.14.0.r1-12000-qssi.0

- Suppress CamX CHIUSECASE logspam

- Allow user apps to read proc/zoneinfo files

- Give QCOM TEE directory access to tmpfs

- Build broken incorrect partition images

- Xiaomi Parts Remove Clear Speaker

- Xiaomi Parts Enable use_resource_processor for all sysui deps

- Xiaomi Parts Migrate to CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener

- Xiaomi Parts Convert to SwitchPreferenceCompat

Vendor Side :

- All blobs extracted from MIUI V12.5.6.0

- Add missing blobs from MIUI V12.5.2.0

- libsdedrm.so from Nubia NX627J RKQ1.200826.002

- Qssi Ims blobs from Renoir 22.5.11 SKQ1.220303.001

- Switch to full IWLAN mode

Kernel Side :

- Merge CAF/CLO tag LA.UM.9.1.r1-16000-SMxxx0.QSSI14.0

- Backport bpf to boot 4.14 kerenl on A14 QPR2

Source Side :

VoltageOS. v3.3 includes a rebase over Quarterly Platform Release 2 (android-14.0.0_r29) with April ASB (android-14.0.0_r31) and almost all the goodies from v3.2 with one addition being a Redesigned Updater and UDFPS icons.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] adx18:
Thanks a lot for this rom. I have been using it for 3 months now. The first month I had soms issues with battery drain, it turned out that at some moments core 7 tot stucked until reboot. After that no more issues, battery lasting 2 days with light usage.

Would it be possible tot make the rom updatable? Clean install for each update is quite a hassle.

Thanks for your efforts!
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Welcome

Battery drain might be due to gms drain

We have shipped ota updater with the rom

But the issue is,

Each time Google drops QPR quarterly platform release, which means feature drop

All roms which have moderate customizations need to rebase whole thing from scratch

So its told to clean flash after each qpr i.e. 3 months

In between qpr you can dirty flash

Blame goolag for creating such mess
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] tizcrazyy:
No security updates yet?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] adx18:
Just did dirty flash of latest update VoltageOS 3.2 to 3.3

Calendar and play store didn't sync.

Play store gave message "Something Went Wrong Try Again"

After removing cache and storage of both apps, remove updates of play store and reboot, everything seems to be fine. Waiting for issues to rise, maybe dirty flash is possible after all
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Nope nothing yet from google side

Use THIS telegram channel to track them
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
I have clearly written earlier, please refrain from posting bug reports after doing dirty flash

QPR is mandatory clean flash.

I wont provide any support here for dirty flash on qpr builds.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Axelsilva17:
very good rom, but in the last update when doing a clean installation it was impossible for me to log in to Google because the process constantly stopped. Maybe you do something wrong but do everything in the marked order. (I accessed the system registry and it constantly shows an error because android system webview was not installed.)
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
What gapps you were using ? For now we know bit core, mtg has playstore crashing issue.

either flash nik core for now to overcome this issue. This is already fixed and will not happen in May release.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rohpag:
I got the update for v.3.3 - i did on fly.

I am facing problem as no application is background is stand in as it refresh itself if we change one application to other & back.

Rest all this is fine - working like champ
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
May patch is out, get ready for summer, we have fixed many source side issues present in previous release like the main being playstore force closing on each reboot.

Have a great weekend !!!

Build Date : 12/05/2024

Changelog :

- No device side changes.

Source side :

• Merged May Security Patch (android_14.0.0-r35)

• Allow turning on WiFi and Bluetooth when pressing QS Tiles.

• Restored Hide power menu on Secure Lockscreen.

• Migrated Powerhub switches to new QPR2 style.

• Fixed updater crash on WiFi-Only devices.

• All new Firewall app from CalyxOS.

• Added support for Global Cleartext penalties.

• Added standalone preference for Sensors Off Tile.

• Fixed Gapps issues.

• Added "Mark as Read" button on Notification Toast.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] dmateljic:
Xioami Mi9T pro global here, did you solved random restarts of OS and google play store / launcher ?

What Gapps version is best for 12.05.2024. release ? Nikk Bits or MindTheGapps ?

Dirty flash possible with this update ?

Thanx for new version :love:(y)
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] tizcrazyy:
is there a way to port from other custom rom please?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] adx18:
Thanks for new version.

Is there a way to get Android Auto working?

Just found out that it works with Sandbox Gapps
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rawstyle:
Why are GAPPS in telegram channel? Cant download without phone...

/edit

I managed to download it anyhow, since my PC was luckily logged into telegram in browser :)

For anyone who need it, I got the sandboxed GAPPS from GrapheneOS github.

BTW, is this custom rom rooted? it must be, but I just downloaded a root checker on android playstore and it says its not.

Theres no "root app", like magisk installed so I am not sure what to do :) Or maybe its SuperSU that we need? (I read in previous comments that magisk is not recommended)

For example I might be interested in installing ViPER4Android, and it requires root.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Killer9090:
@Pranav Temkar Hi! Could we ask for an updated PIF (Play Integrity Fix) apk? It seems Google has again nuked the last fingerprint.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rawstyle:
I can't seem to get GPS to work. No apps can find location. Is this common? or fixable?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
There are no random reboot issue my side, if you are facing then kindly provide proper logcat, mostly after random reboot log will generate in sys/fs/pstore

For gapps i would recommend

Sandbox if you dont rely on ps certified & nfc

Bitgapps core for bare minimum

Mtg for full goolag bloat
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
No, this is going off topic, kindly stick to voltage os related discussion and not porting from other roms
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Sandbox has android auto feature

You can try mind the gapps

Its completely gapps dependent

Our rom is vanilla
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Voltageos will officially never ship with rooted builds, any sane roms wouldn't even allow this like Lineage OS, even stock miui dosent come rooted.

Google is your best friend, please dont start off topic rooting discussion here

There are separate threads for viper on xda.

You will definitely get support there, but this section is for bugs faced after installing voltageos and viper is not bundled with this rom
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Yes we are aware of goolag nuking fp, i am busy due to office work will send by weekend
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rawstyle:
Ok thanks for clarification. I am new here so not sure what fits and what doesnt fit.

My GPS doesn't seem to work in any app. Is that an expected bug?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Kindly explain what gapps you are using

Sandbox has some workarounds for gps

If you flash normal gapps after reboot

Then gps wont work

Without having any idea about your flashing steps i cant answer the query

Because only you have gps issue

Its NOT an expected bug
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] DucciGhost:
@Pranav Temkar Can I get unlimited Google Photos Storage on Voltage OS? If yes how?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
It already works out of the box, check Settings > Powerhub > Misc > Spoofing
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
VoltageOS 3.4 Play Integrity Fix

Build Date : 19/05/2024

Steps to install

- Boot into recovery

- Mount system partition

- From recovery file manager

- system > system_ext > app > PifPrebuilt >

- Delete PifPrebuilt.apk

- Reboot to system

- Now install this Pif apk

- Reboot and now it should show as clark under

Settings > Powerhub > Miscellaneous > Spoofing > Play integrity fix
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Killer9090:
Thanks @Pranav Temkar ! Can confirm, works perfectly also on VoltageOS 3.2
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rawstyle:
I am using Sandbox apk I installed like a normal apk, not the normal gapps that is flashed.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Can't access location on sandbox gapps?

Do the following 👇

Give location permission from play services

Go into Settings > Apps > sandbox

Turn off reroute location request toggle

Turn on location accuracy from settings > apps > sandbox google play
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] rawstyle:
Thank you. Easy fix, it worked
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] RikkiBalboa:
Not entirely ROM related, but during the last clean flash I wiped everything as instructed but for some reason afterwards my computer does not recognize my phone anymore when connected by USB. No fastboot, no adb available. So I can't flash anything. I'm using the suggested orange recovery. I can get into recoveryb though. Tried different computers, different USB cables, different versions of minimal adb and fastboot. Any suggestions? Or is my phone toast?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] dS2UsBFR:
Hi, the latest PIF (19/05/2024) stopped working again for me a few days ago. Is it just me ?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] fabien007:
Hi seems I have related issue. I have following issue when trying to use Android auto which requires an update: get this error:

installer failed - INSTALL_FAILED_SESSION_INVALID: Installation of [Android auto package] is disallowed to prevent breaking gmscompat. I think it's related to play integrity.. I reinstalled the pif and same. And I forgot to say: during install with latest pif all CTD checks were fine but all fail since yesterday morning
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Killer9090:
Not working for me as well. Looks like Google has shot down the new fingerprint again :/
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] Pranav Temkar:
Yes we are aware of clark getting taken down by google, we have already fixed the issue by signing our builds with our keys

In next release we will release signed builds which will solve the issue

No eta please for next release, as it will be qpr 3 and the whole rom will get rebased from scratch, until everything is added back and we feel its stable it wont be released soon
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] chermyX:
Thanks <3

No encryption is the best!
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] nicolas19961805:
Hi cant access the gapps link is there any workarround?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] sd24sep:
Which gapps is recommended? I tried sandboxed and nik but can't pair galaxy watch with either of them.
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] mshtob:
is it stable without gapps?
[Redmi K20 Pro / Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro ROMs, Kernels, Re] inuraev:
I bought headphones with Qualcomm TWS+ support (TWS+ streams in two channels from the device to each headphone separately). Our device supports it, but VoltageOS 13 doesn't have support of this codec.

Does VoltageOS 14 support it or is there any way to enable this codec?