[Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra] ajarosz:
Ok, so I will divide that comparison into parts:

1) - comparing all JPG outputs again (well, not all, as I was shooting in not ideal conditions, and therefore 200 Mpix does not make sense at all) from Samsung

2) - comparing all possible RAWs from Samsung

3) comparing the best Samsung JPG outputs to Xiaomi 14 Ultra JPGs

4) comparing Samsung RAWs to Xiaomi RAWs.

Part 1- Samsung JPGs after one year of updates.

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Let's start with a preview. From the left, there is the Camera app in basic photo mode (called here just basic) in 12 and 50 Mpix, next is the Camera app in Pro mode, ExpertRAW, and GCAM LMC with JavaSabr config. I am using this GCAM as it gives RAW output with no tint, and as I shoot very often in RAWs it is quite important to me. And JavaSabr does a great job with configuring GCAMs.

The first thing that we can notice here is that all 12 are a bit more true to life with colors, while all 50 have some red tint, where ExpertRAW has the biggest shift into reds/magenta. The next thing that is visible, is that PRO mode does not have HDR processing at all. And that is bummer nr 1 when it comes to Samsung. You cannot have both good JPG with all processing and RAW at the same time.

On the first crop, I would say GCAM is the best and Basic 12 Mpix is second. Third is Basic 50. We can also see, how bad 50 PRO, and both ExpertRAWs are here.

Similar story. GCAM, Basic 12, Basic 50, and the rest are just bad. PRO 12 has some artifacts and looking at this one, I think that ExpertRAW 50 can be slightly out of focus here. :(

I would say most details can be seen on the PRO 50, then Basic 50, GCAM, and then Basic 12. I think that is the only one, where we can see some benefit of higher resolution, as GCAM and Basic 12 are limited here by pixel size. ExpertRAW and PRO 12 are just simply bad.

GCAM and then Basic 12. Look at how clean and artifacts-free GCAM is. Also, look how well defined all the details there are (like e.g. on the window itself). Here all 50 are just pointless, as they do not bring any more details to the table.

GCAM as that is the only one, where all details on both materials are visible. Then I would say Basic 12, Sorry for not even crops here. I did not notice when taking a picture, that Im cutting out the curtains. At least on all of them, we have a coverlet.

Again, GCAM. This is the only one, where noise is well handled and there is no loss in details.

Same story - GCAM, and then I would say Basic 12.

After one year of getting updated, I am disappointed. The only somehow usable mode for JPGs in mixed light is the Camera App, Photo mode in 12 Mpix resolution. Rest is just bad when you keep in mind how expensive this phone is. The next thing is that when you choose resolution or mode, you have to keep in mind that colors and processing will shift. So it is not only choosing whether you want higher resolution or some more granular control over shutter speed. Again, in this price range for me, it is just sad.

My conclusion? If you want to have the best possible JPG from your S23U, go for GCAM. If you don't want to use GCAM, stick with the Camera App in Photo mode and 12 Mpix resolution.