[Magisk] tiagobt:
Just to test, I decided to unroot my phone, use the official Google Android Flash Tool and relock the bootloader. The bank app worked fine this way.

For comparison, adb logcat now shows the following information during the app launch:

12-02 14:38:19.182 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13578:br.livetouch.safra.net/u0a250 for service {br.livetouch.safra.net/androidx.work.impl.background.systemjob.SystemJobService}
12-02 14:38:19.182 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10178; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:19.192 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13596:com.google.android.apps.maps/u0a178 for service {com.google.android.apps.maps/com.google.android.apps.gmm.offline.update.OfflineAutoUpdateJobService}
12-02 14:38:19.192 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10158; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:19.202 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13600:com.google.android.settings.intelligence/u0a158 for service {com.google.android.settings.intelligence/com.google.android.settings.intelligence.modules.search.indexing.backend.IndexingJobService}
12-02 14:38:19.217 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 168419799; UID 10178; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:19.331 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 194532703; UID 10158; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:19.344 1477 4610 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 161145287; UID 10158; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:19.362 1477 1506 I ContentCaptureManagerService: Data share request accepted by Content Capture service
12-02 14:38:19.561 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 161145287; UID 10178; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:19.578 1477 4610 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 161145287; UID 1000; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:19.601 1477 4628 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 161252188; UID 10121; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:19.618 1477 3987 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 194532703; UID 10178; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:19.647 1477 3963 W DreamManagerService: Falling back to default dream ComponentInfo{com.google.android.deskclock/com.android.deskclock.Screensaver}
12-02 14:38:19.798 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135634846; UID 10156; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:19.798 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10156; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:19.798 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10156; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:19.799 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10156; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:19.799 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10156; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:19.812 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13734:com.google.android.apps.security.securityhub/u0a156 for content provider {com.google.android.apps.security.securityhub/com.google.android.apps.security.securityhub.settingscontentprovider.SettingsContentProvider}
12-02 14:38:19.827 1477 4628 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 168419799; UID 10156; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:19.987 1477 3963 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 194532703; UID 10164; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.104 1477 4628 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 183407956; UID 1000; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.109 1477 4628 I Telecom : PhoneAccountRegistrar: getSimCallManager: SimCallManager for subId -1 queried, returning: null
12-02 14:38:20.174 1477 4628 W DreamManagerService: Falling back to default dream ComponentInfo{com.google.android.deskclock/com.android.deskclock.Screensaver}
12-02 14:38:20.507 1477 4628 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 158482162; UID 1000; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.663 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135634846; UID 10101; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.663 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10101; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.663 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10101; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.663 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10101; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.664 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10101; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.678 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13833:com.android.traceur/u0a101 for content provider {com.android.traceur/com.android.traceur.SearchProvider}
12-02 14:38:20.698 1477 4628 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10126; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.698 1477 4628 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10126; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.698 1477 4628 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10126; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.698 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10126; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.700 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 168419799; UID 10101; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.705 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135634846; UID 10117; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.705 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10117; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.705 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10117; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.705 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10117; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.709 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135634846; UID 10148; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.709 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10148; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.709 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10148; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.709 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10148; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.714 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13852:com.google.android.apps.safetyhub/u0a126 for content provider {com.google.android.apps.safetyhub/com.google.android.apps.safetyhub.platformsettings.search.EmergencySearchIndexablesProvider}
12-02 14:38:20.714 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10117; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.723 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135634846; UID 10226; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.723 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10226; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.723 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10226; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.723 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10226; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.724 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13855:com.google.android.apps.tips/u0a117 for content provider {com.google.android.apps.tips/com.google.android.apps.tips.settings.search.SettingsSearchProvider}
12-02 14:38:20.724 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10148; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.736 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13868:com.google.android.apps.wellbeing/u0a148 for content provider {com.google.android.apps.wellbeing/com.google.android.apps.wellbeing.searchindexables.impl.WellbeingSearchIndexablesProvider}
12-02 14:38:20.736 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10226; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.745 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13876:com.google.android.cellbroadcastreceiver/u0a226 for content provider {com.google.android.cellbroadcastreceiver/com.android.cellbroadcastreceiver.CellBroadcastSearchIndexableProvider}
12-02 14:38:20.760 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 168419799; UID 10226; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.863 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 158482162; UID 10121; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.956 1477 4610 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10114; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.956 1477 4610 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10114; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:20.957 1477 4610 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10114; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.957 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10114; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:20.971 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 13935:com.google.android.projection.gearhead:projection/u0a114 for content provider {com.google.android.projection.gearhead/com.google.android.projection.gearhead.companion.settings.SettingsSearchProvider}
12-02 14:38:21.087 1477 3963 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 161145287; UID 10126; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:21.169 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 171306433; UID 10121; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:21.169 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 218533173; UID 10121; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:21.361 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10114; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:21.361 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10114; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:21.361 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10114; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:21.362 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10114; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:21.380 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 14010:com.google.android.projection.gearhead:car/u0a114 for service {com.google.android.projection.gearhead/com.google.android.apps.auto.carservice.service.impl.GearheadCarStartupService}
12-02 14:38:21.458 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 157233955; UID 10114; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:21.501 1477 4623 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 161145287; UID 10114; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:21.705 1477 4610 I ActivityManager: Killing 7601:com.google.android.webview/u0a185 (adj 985): empty #33
12-02 14:38:21.706 1477 4610 I ActivityManager: Killing 5792:com.google.android.apps.carrier.log/u0a105 (adj 995): empty #34
12-02 14:38:21.924 1477 1477 W NotificationHistory: Attempted to add notif for locked/gone/disabled user 0
12-02 14:38:21.933 1477 3963 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 194532703; UID 10250; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:22.156 1477 3963 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 161145287; UID 10250; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:22.297 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 161252188; UID 10185; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:22.302 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135634846; UID 10185; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:22.302 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 177438394; UID 10185; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:22.302 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135772972; UID 10185; state: DISABLED
12-02 14:38:22.302 1477 4330 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 135754954; UID 10185; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:22.303 1477 1550 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 143937733; UID 10185; state: ENABLED
12-02 14:38:22.318 1477 1550 I ActivityManager: Start proc 14123:com.google.android.webview:webview_service/u0a185 for service {com.google.android.webview/org.chromium.android_webview.services.VariationsSeedServer}

@yassine2217, thanks a lot. I'll now re-root the phone and test the module you sent.