[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] RichardeRicharde:
Hi, I faced the same challenge and this is how i finally made it:

I used these german instructions: https://www.schmidtisblog.de/samsung-galaxy-note-10-rooten-kein-problem-1579567/

What is happening there ?:

You load the current firmware of the phone ... (currently Android 11) I did with Frija ...

View attachment 5322391

Then unzip everything on the PC, move the AP onto the phone via Data Transfer (via Windows Explorer for example), patch the system partition (AP) with Magisk.

move the patched file back onto the computer (again via Win Explorer for example).

If your phone already has the correct Android version, it is sufficient to transfer the patched AP with Odin, otherwise transfer the patched AP and the originals BL, CP, CSC - to be sure everything is fine - transfer all mentioned Files AP, BL, CP and CSC. In Odin-Options: Switch Off "Auto Reboot" or read the next step first and be quick!

Now comes the Tricky Part where I always struggled:

Switch to recovery mode when restarting the phone (by Auto-Reboot thru Odin or manually)

This is in Samsung Note 10 with Android 11 achived by:

keep VolUp and Bixby pressed when starting (approx. 30 SEK.!) - really until you land in the stock recovery menu ... The screen changes a few times until then (because it takes so long and the screen changes a few times, I never did this step correctly ... but it always works that way) - Don´t leave that buttons untouched befor seeing the Stock Recovery Mode - If Phone Stucks after one Minute then try again.

In StockRecoveryMode do:

- Factory Reset / Wipe

- Then Power Off

Connect Phone via USB to a PC or have at Least an OSB OTG Adapter connected to the phone - without the Connector or just a Power Connector it wont start into the rooted MagiskPartition!

Restart the phone again with VolUp + Bixby, but this time only press for about 10 seconds until SAMSUNG appears.

Connect to internet ...

Magisk should be installed as a placeholder ... run and it will install correctly + wants to restart ... let it to their Magic :)

When restarting, start again like this: VolUp + Bixby, but this time only press for about 10 seconds until SAMSUNG appears with OTG Adapter or PC Connected.

now everything should be ready.

Background:

You now have a rooted phone, but you have to boot into the Magisk system partition, this works with the Combo VolUp + Bixby with OTG Adapter or PC Conection for about 10 seconds until SAMSUNG appears.

Here is an overview from Magisk:

(Power up normally) → (System with NO Magisk)

(Recovery Key Combo with OTG) → (Splash screen) → (Release all buttons) → (System with Magisk)

(Recovery Key Combo) → (Splash screen) → (Long press volume up) → (Recovery Mode)

Actually very easy, once you've made it and understand the background ... I have tried it for a day and I'm glad that it works now ... hope that helps you.

Basically you downloaded, changed, installed the latest system for your phone and then got Magisk up and running. So stock rom with root I would think.

If you have any questions write here again, then I'll try to help even if I'm more of a noob myself.

Best wishes