yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Ather:
Dear Friends..i am soon going to start cooking classes with guides that every noob will understand :

This guide is for Htc Himalaya also known as O2 XDA II, T-Mobile MDA II, Qtek 2020, iMate Phone Edition, TSM500, Vodafone VPA, Dopod 696, Orange SPV M1000, Krome Navigator F1

Lesson 1 :-

I am going to list the Frequently used Acronyms in the Classroom or in the ROMcooking Enviroments

AKU - Adaptation Kit Update: they usually patch up existing bugs and enable several new features. Each newly released AKU pack retains fixes found in previous versions of AKU

RUU - ROM Upgrade Utility: Its the woftware used on your PC to do a ROM upgrade for your PPC

Bootloader : The bootloader is the first thing to load once you turn on the device, this does the job of booting up the device hardware and loading various items into memory before the ROM starts in the device. The bootloader is also responsible for enabling the flashing of new ROMs and other components such as the Radio and the Ext_ROM (in Wm2003 )

Cooked : Refers to ROMs which have been modified and optimised by users to offer better performance than a carrier ROM or a release by Microsoft. Cooked ROMs can be found every where in the forums now adays or you can cook your self once you are Passed from this class

Flash : Term meaning to write something (usually a ROM image) to a non-volatile chip. The term originates from original chip writers (EPROM blowers) which used to write to a chip by fusing tiny areas in the chip making individual links either short circuit or open circuit.

Hard Reset : Similar to a soft reset, by performing a hard reset you completely wipe your device and restore it to the position it was in when you first turned the device on after it was purchased or after a new ROM is flashed.

To carry out a hard reset on the Himalaya press and hold BOTH Camera and Record Key and insert the stylus into the hole in the bottom fo the device, Select the options as follows:

For WM5, WM6 and WM 6.1 Only !!

Radio : The radio stack is responsible for the phone functionality of the device. This includes GPRS, GSM, UMTS, and GPS operations as well as camera functionality. The version you use depends on who your carrier is as users have reported versions working better on one carrier than the other.

ROM : The ROM holds the Operating system and other components such as the bluetooth and wifi stacks. The ROM is accompanied by the Radio, Ext_ROM, SPL and IPL. Carriers such as T-mobile or Vodaphone taylor the ROM to their specifications and version numbers do not carry the same meaning across different carriers. IF the carrier you use supports the device well they will usually release regular ROM updates.

Soft Reset : Soft resetting the device will lose all the data currently in RAM and any unsaved information, much like pressing the reset button on your pc. A soft reset is the first thing to try if your device has stopped responding. To soft Reset your Himalaya insert the stylus into the hole in the bottom of the device.
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Ather:
reserved2 .....
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Ather:
again reserved...
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] shiranmotha:
Waiting for lesson 3. I just gotta knw that Camera function is in the Radio stack.
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] cv65user:
bump , very interesting mate , eagerly waiting for the test :D
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] arlojj:
Yeah, keep it up! There is not enough information for new cooks out there!
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Riel:
Interesting explanations!! Waiting for more :)
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] g00ndu:
Well done, Ather! Nice to know that you are compiling everything in regards to cooking. :)

We sincerely hope you can continue with your efforts.

If it is fine with you, perhaps also you can include things like XIP, Dumping of your rom, etc etc.

Once again, many thanks! :)
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Ather:
im sorry all but i have been kinda buzy with personal problems and other things..so iwas just silently visitin g the site once in 2 days :(

but now im back :D im starting to work on the ROMs also..and there are to many new OEMS to make :D also im Developing a software

chk it here : http://xdaforums.com/showpost.php?p=2569826&postcount=91 ;)

i will re-start this tut dont worry
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] custume:
eu peço desculpas

mas o hard reset nao funciona no meu Qtek 2020

i.m sorry

but the hard reset dos not work on my Qtek 2020

plz help ( por favor ajudem )

cumprimentos ( best regards )

Custume

Edit: my suport for rom´s

http://custume.no-ip.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=30

fell free to coment (or if you what to add someting just hask me )

and direct link http://custume.no-ip.org:81/box/utilitarios/PDA-SmartFone/
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] aleph01:
Where is part number 3??? please. i would like to learn how to cook...
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] shad0w22:
Awesome!!!

Interesting, please go on hoping for couple of more of ur tuts to do my own rom....

Thanks!!!
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Ather:
im getting few holidays in the coming days, will try to continue

Cheers
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Ather:
Sorry Double Post
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] fsjon:
Anymore to this guide? Would love to read on how to dump, where the pda.bin is, how to rebuild, etc, etc...

Great work!
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] + Que PPC:
Yeah nice explanations!

I have part of the theory now! the other part to come isnt it ather90?

We will stay on touch of this cause this is the most complete lesson at this point i never red jejeje.
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] KrimsonHart:
Question

Does this work only on HTC Phones or does it also work on iPaq ans other windows enabled devices? because i did not find a fully functional custom rom for my HP iPaq rx 1950.. :(
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Hakim Rahman:
It only works on HTC devices like those described by Ather beginning of his post

for HP iPaq rx 1950 please check at http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=510764
[MDA II, XDA II, 2060 Windows Mobile 6 Upgrading] Trevomader:
Thanks :good:
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Henrytigro:
Hello everyone!

I got an old Samsung S4 i9505 that I am trying to Root but so far I miserably failed.

I would like to use Magisk (since KingRoot failed so far). The only thing I would like to do is set an application as system application and then unroot.

My current problem with Magisk is that requires TWRP. I tried to install it as custom recovery but I failed also here. When now I try to enter the recovery mode it says the usual message: "A custom OS can cause critical problems in phone and installed applications..." .

Point is, I also downloaded Stock Recoveries that I am trying to set back through Odin. The process seems succeeding but then whenever I enter the Recovery mode I still have the same message instead of restored Recovery.

I tried also to flash 2 different firmwares through Odin, still the same problem.

Without TWRP as custom recovery I cannot install Magisk.

Can someone please help me? I thank you in advance!
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] HisEvilness:
Make sure the TWRP you got is the correct version for your S4: https://twrp.me/Devices/Samsung/

The critical error in short means the installs failed so it won't boot. And ensure you untick auto-reboot when flashing TWRP. You need to manual reboot and go directly into recovery after flashing TWRP.
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Henrytigro:
Tried it but still nothing.. actually I installed the official TWRP app on my phone and from there selected the right model in order to download the rigth TWRP and use that one for the custom recovery. Nothing.

I also used your link and tried ALL the possible versions for my S4. Still nothing. Posting a couple of pics with the hope it can help you assessing the problem maybe.

p.s: cannot post links to external urls it seems.. so I give you the link like this: h t t p s : / / i m g u r . c o m / C x F e B h W
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] HisEvilness:
The link shows 1 image that is the screen to enter download mode or to cancel download mode + the usual warning so that does not really help in figuring why it won't flash TWRP through Odin. What does Odin say when you try to flash TWRP? Also important to note is that the sub-forums here: https://xdaforums.com/galaxy-s4/i9505-orig-develop Has the correct TWRP version for your device.
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Henrytigro:
My bad! I uploaded 4 pics but for some reason Imgur shows only one of them (the most useless one haha). Here you have the others. In the meantime I will check your link

h t t p s : / / i m g u r . c o m / M R G 7 W T 1

h t t p s : / / i m g u r . c o m / a / c C s g w e p

h t t p s : / / i m g u r . c o m / K i v S g i i

h t t p s : / / i m g u r . c o m / M s R g h j I
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] HisEvilness:
Looks like a pass so that means it flashed the file but does not work since it is not the correct version. Going from download mode to recovery mode you get the vanilla recovery?
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Henrytigro:
It finally worked! Found an image for custom recovery in the url above (the one specific about Samsung 4) and that one finally worked! Thanks a lottttt! :highfive: <3
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] HisEvilness:
Good to hear m8! Cheers!
[OnePlus 7T Questions & Answers] kurskoo40:
Hey there,

I installed an unofficial TWRP on my 1+ 7T which actually worked to root my phone. Yet i couldn't flash Magisk. I did format the data but then realised i literally erased everything off the phone. Now my phone has been stuck in a bootloop.

I tried things such as:

Try to install omnirom

Try to install AOSiP

It didn't work tho'.

Can someone help me out..?
[OnePlus 7T Questions & Answers] kurskoo40:
Edit:

It finally worked after downloading the file for my 1+ 7T from https://xdaforums.com/oneplus-7t/how-to/rom-stock-fastboot-roms-oneplus-7t-t3979213 and executing the flash-all.bat
[OnePlus 7T Questions & Answers] bynarie:
Absolute worst case scenario and you need to start fresh, https://xdaforums.com/oneplus-7t/how-to/op7t-unbrick-tool-to-restore-device-to-t3994835 - This is the MSMTool which will get your phone in EDL mode and flash original firmware. It will reinstall oos. Make sure your model is supported!
[Xiaomi Mi A3 Questions & Answers] Tvanized:
My phone got delivered yesterday and I slept like 8pm with 45% battery woke up at 5am with 20%. Worst is that screen is on but isn't working anymore.

Installed gcam and playstore apps. Please help
[Xiaomi Mi A3 Questions & Answers] _mysiak_:
What happens when you force reboot it (by holding power button for a couple of seconds)?
[Xiaomi Mi A3 Questions & Answers] Tvanized:
Tried to reboot it but in the starting page for selecting language screen is no longer working (can't click things)
[Xiaomi Mi A3 Questions & Answers] _mysiak_:
If factory reset doesn't fix it, then you'll probably need to ask for warranty replacement/repair.
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Accessories] dominicstg2:
Hi guys,

So I have tried the 4 different cables, factory reset and does work
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Accessories] MHB1638:
Its something with AA. Mine stopped the other day too and I've tried my Note, my sons S10+ and my Pixel 4XL. None work and there are forums out there and reviews that show this is a growing problem.
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Accessories] steelersmb:
I tried mine and it works just fine. No issues at all. I am connecting with my 2020 Kia Telluride.
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Accessories] cdorrell12000:
Just got my Verizon note 10+ 5g and AA works but it doesn't go into dark mode at night. I am running Android 10
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Accessories] Johny1fin:
My note 10 + 5g works fine with no issues with AA on my 2020 Koleos with a usb cable.

It won't work on wireless aa though as I think the car headset needs WiFi 5g to work with aa wireless. Has anyone got it working with wireless auto.
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Accessories] Johny1fin:
I think it depends on both hardware and software.

Ensure your phone and car have the latest firmware.
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] dominicstg2:
Hi guys,

So I have tried the 4 different cables, factory reset and does not work any ideas for samsung galaxy note 10 plus 5g
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] BigE:
Are you on Android 10 by chance ?

If yes, search for "android auto for phone" and install it side by side to the latest Android Auto . Not sure if this is the solution..
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] dominicstg2:
What do you mean and no 5g is on android 9
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] N1NJATH3ORY:
He means install the app here's the link https://play.google.com/store/apps/...roid.projection.gearhead.phonescreen&hl=en_US
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] dominicstg2:
But it's android 9 note 10 i am on
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] dominicstg2:
Says its not compatableView attachment 4906343
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] N1NJATH3ORY:
Dude just download the dam APK from a mirror site, common man your should know all this.. i have attached the apk to this post download and install..
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] dominicstg2:
I know this but im saying I'm on android 9 not 10..
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] BigE:
Then ignore.. I started with asking.. you're not, my suggestion went out the window, end of story..

Merry Xmas, happy new year, and all I can think of is maybe you need to clear cache and data, hoping it will start working.. lastly- do you have another phone that works with the car ? Trying to eliminate car side, or cable issues..
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] dominicstg2:
My old note 9 works perfectly with all cables and merry xmas and happy New year to you too
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] Zoltan10:
Can't open app

Hi.

I installed the apk.

After I can't open the app.

"Open" button is not clickable.

After searching app is not there...

Settings » Apps there is the app but there is no delete or open button.

I cannot remove it. What a shame is this "hacking situation"... Why do we have to do this...

---------- Post added at 09:12 PM ---------- Previous post was at 09:08 PM ----------

Can't open app.

"Open" button is not clickable.

And I can't delete it.

Any idea pls? :confused:
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] N1NJATH3ORY:
What apk did you install ?
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] yager01:
I have same problem
[Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Questions & Answers] mughal90:
I have the same problem using samsung note10+ In Malaysia
[Shift General] AL-ASEER:
HI GUYS.

I HAD INSTALL Liberate SnapVue AFTERWARDS I CAN'T START THE SYSTEM.AFTER START THE SYSTEM WINDOWS MOBIL PICTURE WILL COME AND HANGING POSITION.KINDLY GIVE A SOLUTION TO THE OLD LEVEL.I HAD ATTACHED MY PICTURE FOR THAT SAME PROBLEM.

THANK YOU​
[Shift General] LordDeath:
You can register your Shift in the HTC e-Club, then you can download there a tool, which can hardreset your SnapVUE.
[Shift General] AL-ASEER:
hi...thank you for the fast reply.i had install the same program but the same problem is existing.i can't reset.

"showing clear snapvue timeout.please try again"

i had install the snapvue software afterwards only the problem started.

After install the program windows cannot start.only the windows mobile picture will come and hanging position.please give me a solution to troubleshoot the problem.:(
[Shift General] pof:
Command "task 28" in bootloader mode will hard reset it.

Search for ECshift or HSECT2 to put it in bootloader mode.
[Shift General] AL-ASEER:
still not working

my htc shift can't be bootloaded into bootloader i followed the instructions,but still can not bootloader.

can you please advice me how to put my HTC SHIFT in bootloader phase,so i can enter the command 'task 28"???

i'll be glad to hear from you soon and thanks for your kind help and support

yours
[Shift General] scopy60:
every day passes

new proplem come

...............................................
[Shift General] thaihugo:
This has nothing to do with the shift. The user just tryed to install 96 dpi fonts on a non english system. This is a known to lock the device since the first days. If you are afraid of reading problems, just stop reading forums, cause it's bad for your health.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Magicxavi:
​

Havoc-OS 3.x is based on AOSP, inspired by Google Pixel.​

Has a refined Material Design 2 UI crafted by @SKULSHADY.​

Many useful features that will blow your mind.​

All you can dream of and all you'll ever need.​

Just flash and enjoy...​

Lead Developers:​

SKULSHADY (Anushek Prasal)​

​

Support Team:​

theo.j22 (Tushar Jain)​

​

If you like our work then please consider donating.​

PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/ANUSHEK​

UPI: anushekprasal@okhdfcbank​

ROM: Havoc for kenzo/kate​

Recovery: OrangeFOX​

GApps: BitGapps​

Magisk: Magisk Canary​

Telegram Group: https://t.me/havoc_kenzo​

1. - Be sure you have unlocked Bootloader.​

2. - Be sure you have a latest recovery installed(OrangeFOX 10_1 are Recommended)​

3. - Download the latest Havoc Rom & the latest GApps package​

4. - Boot into recovery​

5. - Backup your current ROM​

6. - Wipe all except micro-sd and internal storage​

7. - Format /Data partition (This will erase all info in your internal storage, so make backup before)​

8. - Reboot to recovery again (Important!)​

9. - Install rom, Gapps and Magisk, if you face error 20 by installing Gapps just reboot to recovery and try again.​

First boot may take up to 5 minutes. This is due to optimization process.​

LineageOS (https://github.com/LineageOS)​

Crdroid (https://github.com/crdroidandroid)​

Pixel Experience (https://github.com/PixelExperience)​

Nitrogen Project (https://github.com/nitrogen-project)​

Omnirom (https://github.com/omnirom)​

MSM-Xtended Team (https://github.com/Project-Xtended)​

Skydragon (https://gitlab.com/HolyDragonProject)​

Syberia Project (https://github.com/syberia-project)​

And all the other Developers, Testers, Donators and Users.​

https://github.com/Havoc-OS​

Device Tree​

Kernel​

XDA:DevDB Information

HavocOS 3.12 kenzo, ROM for the Xiaomi Redmi Note 3

Contributors

Magicxavi, SKULSHADY

Source Code: https://github.com/Havoc-OS

ROM OS Version: Android 10

ROM Kernel: Linux 3.10.x

ROM Firmware Required: Latest MIUI GS 10.2.1.0

Version Information

Status: Stable

Current Stable Version: 3.12

Stable Release Date: 2021-01-14

Created 2019-12-19

Last Updated 2020-11-26
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Magicxavi:
Bugs:

Goodix Fingerprint - Fixed

Sometimes screen goes blank by using PIN or Password to lock phone - Fixed

Miracast - Fixed

Encryption - Fixed

FPC Fingerprint - Fixed

Selinux Permissive
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Magicxavi:
Changelogs

Updated - 14.01.21

* Updated blobs - DRM, Keystore, Gatekeeper, Time from smartron-rimo02a-8.0.0-T5524INDURC-475

* Drop TimeServices - sometimes on late boot time_genoff connection will fail and

block unlocking device. So drop TimeServices to make

this connection fail at early boot to fix issues with unlocking.

* Implemented - TimeKeep from https://github.com/LineageOS/android_hardware_sony_timekeep

to keep track of time & date alive since we drop TimeServices.

* Added audio input port for hotword implementation.

* Fixed issue when sometimes Torch is not available on encrypted devices.

* Fixed sending auth token from FingerprintDeamon (fixes problem by using Fingerprint auth in apps with Goodix)

* Updated media profiles and added performance points, and also build now G711 codec from source.

* Changed default hotspot SSID from "AndroidAp" to "Redmi Note 3 Pro"

* Kernel upstreamed with some drivers fixes

* Other "Under the hood" changes to Device Tree.

Updated - 26.11.20

* Updated blobs - IMS from xiaomi/daisy/daisy_sprout:10/QKQ1.191002.002/V11.0.11.0.QDLMIXM:user/release-keys

* Fixed dex optimization fail after blobs update

* Tuned default zram value to 1.5gb

* Disabled zswap (its old and deprecated feature, we don't need this anymore as zram is much better)

Updated - 08.11.20

* Updated blobs - Media, IMS(partially) from xiaomi/daisy/daisy_sprout:10/QKQ1.191002.002/V11.0.11.0.QDLMIXM:user/release-keys

* Fixed some errors

* Workaround for VoLTE SIM Slot switching issue

* Enabled iWlan

* Enabled new Bluetooth blobs

* Updated CarrierConfig from daisy

* Workaround for "HD capable device" notification

* Fixed FaceUnlock

Updated - 05.11.20

* Updated blobs - CNE, DPM, GNSS (Location), Time Service, Peripheral Manager, Power-OFF Alarm, Thermal, Bluetooth and QMI from xiaomi/daisy/daisy_sprout:10/QKQ1.191002.002/V11.0.11.0.QDLMIXM:user/release-keys

* Fixed a lot of logging spam (errors, warnings and other stuff)

* Enabled in kernel LMK (ALMK was disabled in last update to test how is zram working)

* Implemented HotwordEnrollment (Google Assistant is working now, but to use Voice Recognition need to make Google app as a system app)

* Fixed Power-OFF timer feature (then alarm is set for example and device is off, it will go on just in 1 minute before alarm)

* Updated configs from CAF: Carrier, GPS, TIME

* Removed some deprecated stuff to make device tree cleaner

* Some other changes to fix errors or improve device performance
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Zasnizas:
Goodix fp is working or not?
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Ya_SG:
Unfortunately no
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Zasnizas:
hopefully it will be fix in the future, until then I will stay on havoc 2.5
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] adam5525:
Wi-Fi does not work.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Black_Stark:
Working fine
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] rapidm:
I will ask here too. I had havocos 2.9. Fingerprint / pin worked fine. I tried one of the previous havocos 3 builds (clean install) and I had problems unlocking / forced reboots in lock screen. I restored my 2.9 backup and unlock works fine on lock screen again. Many reported the same issue.

Is there any way to clean install havocos 3 again and avoid somehow this issue?
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] HiQual:
Original post would suggest you format, not wipe, the data partition before clean flashing ROM.

Try it.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] WarriorMax:
Finally its on XDA. Russian forums are very difficult to understand. I've tried this rom & its fantastic and very stable. The lockscreen bug is also fixed. Plus the edge glow during ambient display is amazingly beautiful.

Now only if privacy guard is added then Redmi note 3 will have its very own ultra stable 10 much faster than other phones. I'm also going to try the 66 hz refresh custom kernel soon.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Speedyix:
A small request..

I wish Screen off Animation in next update like Havoc 2.9

Thanks..!!
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] jimakos98:
Does anyone have a working gcam version for android q? All older versions i tried, either crash or after you take a photo the circle thing that says "processing hdr" never finishes.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Ya_SG:
https://t.me/rn3photography/48144
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] rapidm:
Thanks for the answer. And thanks to the dev for his hard work.

Is this possible to get official status? And is it any different quality wise, official from unofficial except for the possible ota?
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 [Snapdragon] ROMs, Kernels, Re] Magicxavi:
Some things may be broken by going Official, because there is a rule to use only original souce code from Havoc, and some things like BT calls get fixed only by modifying sources.