yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[Huawei P20 Guides, News, & Discussion] Annie the Eagle:
Do you still need to do this, the link just 404s? I want to be able to install Magisk so I can root and still have Google Pay as well as iYTBP and AdAway :(. Any help? [MENTION=4435346]LastStandingDroid[/MENTION]
[Huawei P20 Guides, News, & Discussion] LastStandingDroid:
Unfortunately huawei seems to have removed the page for time being. I'm in touch with them in other matters let's see what they'll tell
[Huawei MediaPad M5  Questions & Answers] swieder711:
Can any owner comment on how is the sound thru the Dongle.? I want to use my Bose noise cancelling headset which has a 3.5 mm jack.

Do the Dongles have a Digital to Audio Converter, like those for the Pixel 2? It would also be nice to be able to listen to wired audio and charge the tablet at the same time. There are lots of dongles that support this. Most of the dongles dont have a built-in DAC.
[Huawei MediaPad M5  Questions & Answers] 5m4r7ph0n36uru:
I'd be interested in an answer to that question as well. Just pre-ordered my MediaPad M5 Pro model including the M-Pen as well as the Keyboard-Case. Would be great to know how it works before it arrives.
[Huawei MediaPad M5  Questions & Answers] Obveron:
The sound is very good, equivalent to my nexus 7 2013. I don't think the dac is in the dongle, I believe it makes contact with analog pins inside the usb-c port, but I could be wrong. No idea about charging at the same time, that's definitely not possible with the included dongle.
[Huawei MediaPad M5  Questions & Answers] robgee789:
I bought a dongle that let's you charge and listen to music but it was just a cheap one and you can hear static when charging but I think that's because it is cheap
[Huawei MediaPad M5  Questions & Answers] urbanra5cal:
Doesn't it charge painfully slowly, like at 150mA?
[Huawei MediaPad M5  Questions & Answers] robgee789:
Yes very slow it's more of a keep the charge than add to it lol
[HTC One M8 for Windows] Dominduchami:
Hi everyone!

I want to ask, if someone from the owners of HTC One m8 for Windows could upload files from C:/DPP ( maybe by copying them to SD card), pack it with WinRAR or other program and send it to me. I need this for my development work:) Here is how to acces C: drive. forums.windowscentral.com/windows-10-mobile-insider-preview/358307-access-c-root-windows-10-mobile-file-explorer.html

Dominduchami
[HTC One M8 for Windows] Funk Wizard:
Thread Closed as reported by OP
[Huawei Mate 10  Questions & Answers] Azan Mughal:
Any Dev for 8.0 twrp
[Huawei Mate 10  Questions & Answers] emorenoebultron:
Oreo twrp mate 10 lite

This is the Oreo installation file, it is from another Huawei model but it works perfectly without errors. Just run the tool that is with it.

https://mega.nz/#!PUkxVZxA!TdDqsRa2VjNMCOsFaTOnmJQa1FF8FPJw3wAsx87t_c0
[Huawei Mate 10  Questions & Answers] GamooSachar:
you can use honor 9 lite twrp
[Huawei Mate 10  Questions & Answers] emorenoebultron:
No

Only in RNE-L21C185 Momentarily
[Huawei Mate 10  Questions & Answers] eugene2341:
I used 9 lite custom recovery and worked on my l22
[Huawei Mate 10  Questions & Answers] coldisasclear:
Thanks, it really works
[General Questions and Answers] Ralffz:
Hi,

Im looking for a amazift pace app that can open word documents.

Does somebody have that?

Kind regards

Ralffz
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] weasel_shark:
Hi no matter what app I try Netflix refuses to start with audio equalizer. There is a forum post of a similar problem in Windows. sourceforge.net/p/equalizerapo/discussion/general/thread/5107be91/

Seems that it's done on purpose because Netflix thinks that if you are modifying the audio u are violating the DRM.

Anyone find a solution??
[Xiaomi Mi A1 Questions & Answers] DaveCZ:
Hello,

Recently Xiaomi released an update for A1 with the name v9.4.0ODHMIFA which is MIUI name, not the one they normally use for A1 (OPR.xxxxx) Does this mean Xiaomi is preparing to support MIUI on A1? Because there is no reason why would they name it this way. Maybe it indicates we can now flash that build of MIUI to A1 without problems. Or it's just some error in naming and will be removed soon. What do you think? Check here: http://en.miui.com/getrom.php?r=333&m=yes&app=false
[Xiaomi Mi A1 Questions & Answers] Gingernut78:
It's the newest official release and its not Miui.
[Xiaomi Mi A1 Questions & Answers] DaveCZ:
Please, read carefully. I never said it is MIUI I was asking why they named it that way and what it means! I know it is normal A1 update
[Xiaomi Mi A1 Questions & Answers] Gingernut78:
Xiaomi have changed the name scheme and have tagged the last few releases like this afaik.
[Xiaomi Mi A1 Questions & Answers] DaveCZ:
But why? Why make such confusion. Now there will be a lot of dumb threads (like mine here). I am not asking for the ROM, because it doesn't change anything. No one will make it cuz of the 5X (even tho they are NOT the same). I was reading about porting but there are many things like: 1) A/B makes it hard 2) There are no guides in my language which makes it 2x as hard 3) I am only 17 (not a big deal but I cant buy phones at will
[E 2015 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] viv_ek:
I have a Motorola Moto E (2nd Gen) Dual SIM [XT1521] [BOOTLOADER UNLOCKED]

I used fastboot erase all while installing stock rom which erased hob,dhob,carrier,keystore,fsc parititions of my phone.

Because of this my phone is is showing IMEI 0 when I enter *#06#, resulting in no network.

I have searched the internet an tried everything (even 4 different ROMs, 3 versions of stock ROMs), nothing works.This is the only chance to bring back my phone.

All the other partitions are flashed during stock rom installstion,but the hob,dhob,carrier,keystore,fsc partitions are not available any where in the internet.

I need images of these partition so I can flash them again.

Someone PLEASE HELP me out

These are the commands, I dont know which one works, both are same -

dd if=/sdcard/dhob.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p22
dd if=/sdcard/fsc.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p24
dd if=/sdcard/hob.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p21
dd if=/sdcard/keystore.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p36
dd if=/sdcard/carrier.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p38

dd if=/dev/block/platform/msm_sdcc.1/by-name/hob" of=/sdcard0/imei_backup/hob.img
dd if=/dev/block/platform/msm_sdcc.1/by-name/dhob" of=/sdcard0/imei_backup/dhob.img
dd if=/dev/block/platform/msm_sdcc.1/by-name/fsc" of=/sdcard0/imei_backup/fsc.img
dd if=/dev/block/platform/msm_sdcc.1/by-name/carrier" of=/sdcard0/imei_backup/carrier.img
dd if=/dev/block/platform/msm_sdcc.1/by-name/keystore" of=/sdcard0/imei_backup/keystore.img

These are the threads I refferred -

https://xdaforums.com/moto-g/help/imp-imei-backup-scripts-moto-g-eall-t3174569

https://xdaforums.com/moto-g/help/hob-dhob-fsc-dumps-moto-g-lte-t3288862

https://xdaforums.com/2015-moto-g/help/tuto-fastboot-erase-signal-t3451362

*****THANKS IN ADVANCE*****
[E 2015 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] tanohack:
same problem of you..no solution ?
[E 2015 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] riyan65:
Does this copy my IMEI in your device???
[E 2015 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] gauthamkithu:
No bro..It does not copy your imei.The imei will remain as zero itself.So please upload those files.
[Galaxy S 4 Mini Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] HemanthJabalpuri:
<Mod Edit>

Content removed and thread closed by OP request.
[Galaxy Tab 3 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] schnappijedi:
Installed official LineageOS 14 rom for Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 SM-T217S. When enabling encryption the device restarts and no encryption is applied.

Now it could be a few things. First in the LineageOS charter (cannot post URL but see charter on GitHub) it states: "Samsung devices that cannot support hardware encryption due to Knox/Tee are exempted from the hardware crypto requirements. MUST still support software crypto."

Second some have recommended resizing the /data partition to leave 4 blocks at the end to fix the issue.

Does anyone have a solid answer as to why encryption does not work on Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 SM-T217S? Is it a hardware issue, LineageOS issue, or an issue with neither related to partition size, TWRP, or similar?

On a much simpler note if anyone has gotten full device encryption working on on a Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 SM-T217S what rom version did you use?
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Dini62:
Hello everyone, after unlock procedure and install global stable 9.5.3.0, i lost sim card detection and no signal.

I have a routine to make sim card detectable and signal on. (I have a rooted rom, and unlocked my phone)

First step :

Connect phone with USB

On pc with adb cmd :

adb shell

su

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p13

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p14

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p16

Reboot the phone

At this point i lost IMEI (IMEI 0) but my SIM card is detected.

Second step :

put phone on fastboot mod

On pc fastboot cmd :

fastboot flash modem NON-HLOS.bin

Start phone

Third step :

On pc adb cmd :

adb shell

su

setprop sys.usb.config diag,adb

With QPST on PC, i restore a qcn file found here androidfilebox.com/app/redmi-5-plus-modem-firmware , MEG7 modem version.

Reboot the phone.

Here, SIM card detected and Signal ON, so all is OK.

BUT Fourth step :

When i reboot the phone , i get back to no sim card detected, and i have to repeat the process. :s

So my question is how could i keep my settings and get full use of my phone even if i reboot...

Sorry for my english, i'm trying my best here
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] 零的一亿次方:
i have the same issue on my Zuk Z2, but i haven't make it;

if you could read chinese, maybe this wil be helpful for you.

club.lenovo.com.cn/thread-4224052-1-1.html
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Dini62:
Still need help :p
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Dini62:
Aaaaaand still need help :p
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Archit9169:
Read you message.

In reality I never went through something like this on my note 3. My best guess the qcn file you used is not compatible and efs may be corrupted too.

Many users were facing issues like this so I made a thread to help them. Some users reported a permanent fix while some were never able to get it to work.

Possible fix:

Find a backup of modemst1 modemst2 and fsg from another user if he/she may be willing to share.

Flash the files using fastboot command.

Fastboot flash modemst1 modemst1 and so on.

And then change IMEI and Mac address manually.

Worst case scenario:

You may need a motherboard replacement if nothing works.

But I think it is possible that your efs partition as a whole is corrupted.

adb shell

su

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p13

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p14

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p16

These command erase the modemst1 and modemst2 and fsg partition that makes up the efs. What you need is these three partitions from someone else device that are not corrupt and flash them on your device.

For anymore help contact me on:

Telegram - Archit9169

WhatsApp - 9169834624
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Dini62:
Thanks to answer, i'm gonna try to get those partitions, it could be hard :)
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] essayhere:
I'm facing very similar issue after an ota update. However, I get the sim detected on a simple reboot for a few minutes. Please update if the solution worked.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] cristhian7cz:
Hello. I'm facing similiar issue on MEG7 vince. I can't restart my phone because every time loses the baseband and sim detection. My rutine to get back is:

1.- Flash via trwp a shared good one similar EFS partition backup. With this step I recover the baseband and the sim detection BUT the status of SIMs are "radio off" don't have signal and can't do calls. (the IMEI remains despite the lost baseband)

2.- Flash via QPST a xqcn backup ( I founded 2 files on google). Reboot the phone. Sometimes the signal and baseband come back without problem BUT sometimes I back to the beggining, without baseband and sim detection. It's really annoying.

Now I have obtained a modemst1 modemst2 and fsg images of a identic model. My question: how to flash it? with twrp? fastboot? adb?

Thanks for the suggestions.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] derekk75j:
I'm facing the same thing but only on 2nd sim slot. The 1st slot work flawlessy. Switching sim card doesn't matter.

It recognizes the operator and imei but signal is gone!!! I've tryed everything, flashing miui 9.6.4, 8.8.2, via fastboot and test point!! Relocking bootloader... flashed 00000080_0.xqcn as well.

nothing has worked.

I haven't tryed your solution, can you share all files needed? Thanks.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] derekk75j:
Anyone can help me?

I don't think it's hardware issue, because Sim's operator is recognized... But signal strength always show -1dbm 99 asu, whatever I do in network type (global,LTE etc..) and only on 2nd slot.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Dini62:
Hello cristhian7cz , i still have this issue.

With your files, u could try Archit9169 solution :

"

Possible fix:

Find a backup of modemst1 modemst2 and fsg from another user if he/she may be willing to share.

Flash the files using fastboot command.

Fastboot flash modemst1 modemst1 and so on.

And then change IMEI and Mac address manually.

"

If you have issues, or don't know what to do, may u send me modemst1, modemst2 and fsg files you get ?
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] rishthav:
tried Archit9169 solution but still no luck
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Rayquaza:
Ohh I'm not alone at least. Had this problem with my 1st simcard slot and so far I didnt find any solutions worked. Re-locking, upgrade and even downgrade, but nope

I hope someone enlighten us
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] XavierBrian:
[https://xdaforums.com/redmi-note-4/help/twrp-extracttarfork-process-error255-t3656328/page2

QUOTE=Rayquaza;77634878]Ohh I'm not alone at least. Had this problem with my 1st simcard slot and so far I didnt find any solutions worked. Re-locking, upgrade and even downgrade, but nope

I hope someone enlighten us[/QUOTE]

Bro is modem issue,i solve it with flashing NON-HLOS.bin extract from rom i am using when thing goes wrong,u can try with twrp but i use fastboot
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Rayquaza:
I'm running AOKP 8.1, do I need to flash that file from extracted rom I'm running at?
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] XavierBrian:
Yeah u should! extract the rom look for that hlos thang
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Dini62:
i'm still trying to fix my phone.

if someone has a backup from modemst1 modemst2 and fsg, i'm searching for them
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] proyectos3d:
Have you found a solution of your 2nd sim slot problem? I have the same problem
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] derekk75j:
No, haven't tried yet. I would like follow this guide

https://youtu.be/PvvcQZfeqNI, but using a modem backup meg7 version (xqcn). But i have to repair my PC first. What did you try so far?
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] derekk75j:
I can't believe!! I was on arrow os pie: i flashed miui am founded here

and then magisk 17.3 and voilà: my 2nd slot sim has back again, and works flawlessly!!
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Ron4ldoRamos:
Help

Hello everyone ... I am having this problem of radio signal loss, I am currently on miui.eu and after passing the magisk the signal returned, however I would like to pass the miui global, but I am afraid of giving problem again. Remembering that this is not the first time it happens. Sometimes the signal comes back with the installation of another firmware or magisk. Is it really safe to pass the global miui now that the signal is normalized? Sorry for my English and thank you!
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] SubwayChamp:
The first you can do is when you are using a working rom, backup your EFS and modem if something goes wrong in the future.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Ron4ldoRamos:
Thanks, buddy ... I installed * orange fox recovery and somehow it seems to have stabilized.:cool:
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] khosru gsm:
i have same problem baseband gone after restart ( vince )

anyone have tested solution please do shared
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] Fran Montero:
Go to recovery. Clear cache and dalvik. Reboot. Problem solved
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] khosru gsm:
not solve my problem .any other thin
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 / 5 Plus Questions & Answers] SubwayChamp:
If you didn't backup before you can try first by flashing the firmware through recovery If doesn't solve them flash the modem through fastboot, if doesn't solve yet flash the rom again through MiFlash tool.
[YotaPhone] guntherv:
just a fyi, found on gearbest a nice charging stand for 6$ , it has one of those "2ways" usb connectors so you can put the phone with the e-ink panel front

https://www.gearbest.com/chargers-cables/pp_1481185.html or search for "Mirco USB Desktop Charging Dock Charge Cradle Desk Charger Station Stand"

Adding some little plastic pads keeps the phone nice "straight" on the connector.

i've attached some pictures.
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] bobo-the-drunk:
I followed Magisk's OTA Installation Tips but it was unsuccessful twice. I was running Magsik v16, restored images in Magisk, started the OTA, once it started processing Step 2 of 2 I installed Magisk to the second slot (after OTA). After the OTA finished installing, I rebooted the phone and it rebooted a second time before getting to the unlock screen. Checking Magisk, I found that I was unrooted and couldn't root via Magisk Manager and the OTA install had also failed.

View attachment 4467576

I was able to boot to the twrp bootable image and reinstall Magisk v14.3, and repeated the entire process above just to see if it was a fluke, and found myself in the same exact spot - OTA installation failed and I was unrooted again.

View attachment 4467575
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] KittyRgnarok:
Don't try to OTA with any mods it will almost certainly always fail. Just flash factory image without the -w and then mod accordingly after it boots
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] bobo-the-drunk:
I don't have any mods. After the first OTA was unsuccessful and I rebooted without root, I retried the standard OTA and it was successful. Then I booted to twrp via adb and successfully installed magisk v14.3 from a thumb drive to regain root. Not sure if there's a better way to regain root, because for this to be successful I have to wipe the sdcard every time.
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] GuestK00254:
Any particular reason your using 14.3 instead of 16.0?
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] bobo-the-drunk:
Can't flash 16.0 from the bootable twrp image. I flash 16.0 once I boot into Android.
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] tember1214:
I flashed version 16.0 on bootable twrp image today with no issues.
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] mruno:
Are you using TWRP 3.2.1-2? I install Magisk 16 after flashing the TWRP zip with a couple reboots in between to make sure everything takes.
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] bobo-the-drunk:
Interesting, can your version unlock storage? I've been using the TWRP bootable from this thread. Based on the filename, I'm betting it's not TWRP 3.2.1-2
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] mruno:
yes it can ;)
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] bobo-the-drunk:
OK, now you've got my attention, but where's the bootable file? All the links I can find are borked.
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] mruno:
https://dl.twrp.me/sailfish

get the img to temp flash twrp, then flash the zip in twrp for permanent twrp recovery
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] bobo-the-drunk:
Booted to the TWRP bootable, decrypted storage successfully (yay!), (intentionally) didn't unlock system, flashed the TWRP zip, now it only boots to TWRP. I'm guessing I'll need to reflash the April 2018 image?
[Google Pixel Questions & Answers] mruno:
yea that happens sometimes. extract the boot.img from the april image and reboot to bootloader and then with adb: fastboot flash bootloader bootloader.img

afterwards, flashtwrp img and install twrp zip
[Android Stick & Console AMLogic based Computers] SPiKeGoD:
Hi mates!

I have a Docooler M9S PRO 2GB/16GB and the box is checking the resolution a lot of times, I have switched off in the display settings the option of automatically set the resolution but it is all the time doing this.

It is very annoying to watch all the time the resolution message at the top of the screen

Can you give me any idea to stop this?

Thanks you very much in advance
[Networking] lo_stregone:
Guys please help me with this issue,

First of all i want to thank you for this wonderfull and very helpfull forum.if only i could set up this network...i tried in every posible modes but nothing..with resco explorer i have the tab called network\map there i have my phone ip and my pc ip..but in any way it won't connect..sorry if there are other posts,but i didn't found one to help me.i ask you a sort of guide to make this network connection tru bluetooth or even usb (could be a start)..i tried in all ways to make the PAN bluetooth conn...i managed to create it..it connect's but when i try to open IE it says that connection was interupted by user and it can connect...i messed up all the ip's in network devices..anyway...can someone help me step by step to create the LAN between my notebook and my pda?so i can see the files on me notebook on my pda resco explorer network...i even tryed FTP but still nothing and the bluetooth explorer is a mess...sorry for my "pour english" and for the long post.Thank you all anticipated
[Galaxy S6 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] C3RB3RU5X:
MY CELL IS A SAMSUNG GALAXY S6 MODEL SM-G920i, AND IT'S IN THE INFINITE LOOP AND I CAN NOT ACCESS THE RECOVERY MODE AND EVERY TIME I TRY TO INSTALL THE ORIGINAL ROM BY THE ODIN OF THAT ERROR: <ID: 0/004> Added! !

<ID: 0/004> Odin engine v (ID: 3.1203) ..

<ID: 0/004> File analysis ..

<ID: 0/004> SetupConnection ..

<ID: 0/004> Complete (Write) operation failed.

<OSM> All threads completed. (succeed 0 / failed 1)

JA GET INSTALLING THE TWR MORE I CAN NOT ACHIEVE MORE BECAUSE OF THAT ERROR: RECOVERY IS NOT SEANDROID ENFORCING, WHEN I RESTART THE APPLIANCE AND LET IT START NORMAL THE ERROR SOME. I DO NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO, HELP ME PLEASE.
[Galaxy S6 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] petrus_muc:
Galaxy S6 bootloop

Hi C3RB3RU5X,

I had the same problem. Whenever I tried to flash the Stock ROM things got worse, until in the end I had the same problem as you.

If you can still access download mode try the following:

download the latest TWRP file for your S6 model

download AOKP image for your S6 model

download GAPPS for your S6 model

enter download mode

flash TWRP with Odin, but un-tick "Auto-Reboot" in Odin

when completed go to recovery at once (don't let the phone try to boot normally, just "kill" phone and hold the buttons for download mode)

when in recovery (TWRP) start ADB software (if you don't know how google samsung galaxy S6 ADB)

transfer the downloaded AOKP image and GAPPS to your phone (/sdcard is a nice place) via ADB

wipe cache in TWRP

install image and GAPPS

wipe cache and reboot your phone

everything should be normal by then

Good luck !

Peter
[Galaxy S6 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] C3RB3RU5X:
I'm having problems downloading the AOKP image for your S6 model
[Galaxy S6 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] petrus_muc:
Did you look at

https://xdaforums.com/galaxy-s6/orig-development/unofficial-aokp-7-1-1-t3550923

Just look for your model (SM-G920x)
[Galaxy S6 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] C3RB3RU5X:
has no download link, the link has been removed.