yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] noogpout:
how can i flash recovery from cmd ?

where can i download the file ?
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] Palm Trees:
Xiaomi.eu -> https://xiaomi.eu/community/threads/twrp-for-mi-pad-3.39743/
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] noogpout:
i follow the thread you mention

i can launch twrp but swipe do not work, i have now an otg cable but mouse is not recognized

so i don't know how to flash the rom
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] AbhaYsinGH007:
That could be a bug !
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] Palm Trees:
I find that hard to believe. Did you follow post #10? At your own risk, of course.

Read the entire thread :)
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] noogpout:
yes i read the entire thread, i executed all the flashboot command but my rom was a global one not chinese, so the touch screen does not work in twrp.

Actually i downloaded a rom here : https://drive.google.com/uc?id=0B023gSzruW0aLV9ZRG1pdHpqd3c&export=download

then in fast boot mode i executed this command : ./flash_all.sh

but at the end i have this error : finished. total time: 10.194s

error: cannot load './images/cust.img'

i cannot boot to miui but now i have MI Recovery instead of TWRP
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] Palm Trees:
Why would you execute "./flash_all.sh". Did you try the methods mentioned on page 2 in the thread?

You need to know your commands.

Do you have ADB drivers installed?
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] noogpout:
yes i know the command : ./flash_all is a script in the archive : cappu_images_7.5.11_20170514.0000.00_7.0_global_xiaomi.eu.zip

i have already tested the commands in the page 2 :

fastboot -w

fastboot erase system

fastboot format system

fastboot flash recovery twrp.img

twrp is ok but i cannot swipe, because the touch screen is not enabled

so i cannot pass the step :

10. WIPE -> Data -> Repair or Change File System -> Resize File System
[Xiaomi Mi Pad Questions & Answers] noogpout:
it's ok i commented the following lines in the script :

fastboot $* flash cust `dirname $0`/images/cust.img

if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then echo "Flash cust error"; exit 1; fi

so the script can continue and after the boot is ok, MIUI start

:)
[Sony Xperia XZ Premium Questions & Answers] tanipat:
i have XZ premium prototype one with prototype firmware. I found stock original firmware in Xperifirm so i starting to work on it. after downloaded and create ftf (cant put the right name device for it as it shouldnt support yet for flashtools so i just choose XZ and it created with no issues). but when i start flashing it didnt go, i just would like to know do i need to install anything other than flashtools and device drivers? do i need adb or android sdk inorder to flash it? thanks a lot
[Sony Xperia XZ Premium Questions & Answers] kamalaggi:
You would have to wait for flashtool to support the XZ Premium and then it might not work and brick your device because the hardware might be different slightly from the prototype to the retail model.
[Sony Xperia XZ Premium Questions & Answers] x10Mark:
Way back in the day when I had a prototype X10i it would only work on the prototype rom, when I flashed android 2.3 or something like that the touchscreen wouldn't work until I flashed back a stock 1.6 rom. It lasted 4 days before the screen went black out of nowhere bricked.

So yeah it's a risk going to another rom other than the prototype one in my experience.
[Sony Xperia XZ Premium Questions & Answers] VeixES:
What is the product CDA on your prototype rom? If it is storefront/commercial_journalist then i dont see a issue flashing a other region firmware on it.

https://xpericheck.com/device/G8141
[Sony Xperia XZ Premium Questions & Answers] reptile64:
Anyone managed to successfully flash stock firmware on prototype unit yet?
[Sony Xperia XZ Premium Questions & Answers] lebigmac:
Yes I had prototype Xperia XA (F3111) and I successfully flashed both stock marshmallow and stock nougat onto it without any issues. Give it a try. I don't see why it shouldn't work for the XZP.
[Galaxy Tab 3 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Andrei.:
I have a little problem.My Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 lite SM-T110 keeps looping and when I try to flash with odin i get this errors!

Can someone help me pls?
[Nextbit Robin] Skazki:
Hello. Is it any ways to fix that problem? OEM unlocking is not allowed, bootloader locked. IT stuck in bootloop. But recovery and fastboot works. It has the 6.0.1 MM29M "00ww_1_450". Already tried to wipe /cache and facotry data reset + 7.0 OTA via abd sideload (it end with an error "E3006: Not enough free space on /cache to apply patches). Thank you!
[Nextbit Robin] valhallen.282:
Use this Flashing method-> https://xdaforums.com/nextbit-robin/help/how-to-flash-stock-fails-noob-edition-t3584146

Don;t make a mistake don't skip a step. Read through carefully.
[Nextbit Robin] Skazki:
Man. I know all of these. My bootloader locked and I can't unlock it.
[Nextbit Robin] valhallen.282:
Fastboot OEM unlock?
[Nextbit Robin] xBane_:
To do that you need to enable it in dev settings. You can't do it unless you can access system.
[Nextbit Robin] valhallen.282:
xBane you seem to find me everywhere. Anyway. If he has adb push working. Attempting to push the update OTA would only make it worse. Pushing the flashable zip of stock ROM should have worked as it is a smaller package.

Stock updates are made to slot 2 and then symlinked to all the data from slot 1. Recovery then reverses the slot so that the back up system partition is always there. But without cache mount it would fail. I was hoping to hear from the OP to ask if fastboot boot TWRP works.
[Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 Questions & Answers] Maximaro:
Hello guys =)

Since about 2 weeks I have the problem that my screen does not rotate by itself.

I have already tested various firmwares also Kernels.

Everything has not helped.

If you also have this problem I would be glad if we as a community the solution can find.

For me it occurred from the Global Beta 7.5.11 on.

I wanted to get an impression of the ROM and loaded the GlobalBeta from the Official area. The device has not started and my bootloader again blocked.

So I am on the 8.2.3.0 and I have again installed the TWRP, but I have taken the new 3.1.0-0.

And since then I have this problem ...

If you have the problem also, please describe it and together we can try to find a solution.

With nice Greets

Maxi =)

So here what AIDA64 say´s about my sensor´s:

GERÄT
Modell: Redmi Note 3 (kenzo)
Hersteller: Xiaomi
Abmessungen: 150 x 76 x 8.7 mm
Gewicht: 164 g
Baseband-Version: -8976_GEN_PACK-1.77504.1.83742.1
RIL-Version: Qualcomm RIL 1.0
Build-Nummer: NHG47L
Build-Fingerprint: Xiaomi/kenzo/kenzo:6.0.1/MMB29M/V8.1.6.0.MHOMIDI:user/release-keys
Bootloader: unknown
Java VM: ART 2.1.0
OS-Version: N MR1 (7.1.2)
SDK: 25

DISPLAY
Größe: 5.5 inches
Auflösung: Full HD, 1080x1920 pixels
Pixeldichte: 401 ppi
Softwaredichte: 430 dpi
Erneuerungsrate: 60 Hz

PROZESSOR
CPU-Architektur: AArch64 Processor rev 4 (aarch64)
Board: msm8952
Chipsatz: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc MSM8956
Kerne: 6
Taktungsgeschwindigkeit: 691 MHz - 1804 MHz
Anleitungssets: arm64-v8a
CPU-Features: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32
CPU-Regulator: interactive
Kernel-Version: 3.10.84-Dominator™
Kernel-Architektur: aarch64

GRAFIKEN
Renderer: Adreno (TM) 510
Verkäufer: Qualcomm
OpenGL-Version: OpenGL ES 3.2

RAM
Gesamt: 2843 MB
Java Heap: 288 MB

SPEICHER
Intern: 24,5 GB
Extern: 29,8 GB

PRIMÄR KAMERA
Auflösung: 15,9 MP
Blitz: Ja
Video Auflösung: 4K UHD, 3840x2160
Unterstützte Auflösungen:
Bild:
4608x3456
4608x2592
4160x3120
4000x3000
3840x2160
3264x2448
3200x2400
2592x1944
2592x1458
2048x1536
1920x1080
1600x1200
1440x1080
1280x960
1280x768
1280x720
1024x768
800x600
864x480
800x480
720x480
640x480
640x360
480x360
352x288
320x240
176x144
160x120

Video:
3840x2160 (4K UHD)
2592x1944
2592x1458
2048x1536
1920x1080 (Full HD)
1600x1200
1440x1080
1280x960
1280x768
1280x720 (HD)
1024x768
800x600
864x480
800x480 (WVGA)
720x480
640x480 (VGA)
640x360
480x360
352x288
320x240
176x144
160x120

SEKUNDÄR KAMERA
Auflösung: 5 MP
Video Auflösung: 2592x1944
Unterstützte Auflösungen:
Bild:
2592x1944
2592x1458
2048x1536
1920x1080
1600x1200
1440x1080
1280x960
1280x768
1280x720
1024x768
800x600
864x480
800x480
720x480
640x480
640x360
480x360
352x288
320x240
176x144
160x120

Video:
2592x1944
2592x1458
2048x1536
1920x1080 (Full HD)
1600x1200
1440x1080
1280x960
1280x768
1280x720 (HD)
1024x768
800x600
864x480
800x480 (WVGA)
720x480
640x480 (VGA)
640x360
480x360
352x288
320x240
176x144
160x120

AKKU
Technologie: Li-poly
Gesundheit: Gut

SENSOREN
Nicht verfügbar

Short saying: there are no Senso´rs aviable =/

Anybody Know ho to Fix this????

Fixed!
[Galaxy S5 Mini General] Dark_Horse:
After updating from Lollipop to Marshmallow (stock UK firmware), battery life was absolutely terrible. With most of Google and Samsung apps disabled along with wifi, GPS, bluetooth and just light usage (1 hour of browsing and whats app, 30 mins calls), the phone would barely last 10 hours. Taking it off full charge at 8am and by 5pm it'd be around 20%. Whilst using the phone, I'd lose 1% every four minutes.

I tried a factory reset, wipe cache partition and everything else you can think of. GSam Battery Monitor Pro showed nothing was killing the battery and there were no rogue apps. The same SIM in my S4 mini running KitKat with the same usage easily manages a day and often far more.

I was going to flash down to KitKat and if this didn't work, sell the phone, I was that sick and tired of it.

Then I tried disabling 4G and leaving it on 3G only.

Bingo!

Battery life MASSIVELY increased. With the same usage, I'm now easily able to manage 2 days. My S4 Mini doesn't have this problem so I can only assume the problem is with the radio part of the Marshmallow firmware. I live in an area with poor reception but all my other phones on the same network have the same weak signal and none of those have battery drain.

Onto the lag then. Since upgrading to Marshmallow, the whole phone felt sluggish. Scrolling was jerky, the lock screen would take a few moments to show and even the smart manager always said I had less than 300MB free of RAM. About a week after upgrading though the phone suddenly restarted itself and upon boot said "Android is Starting - Optimizing App x of xxx". Once this had finished, the whole phone was snappy again and RAM was back up to over 800MB being available.

Bit concerned why the phone restarted itself but happy with the much improved battery life and performance so far. Will give it another week before deciding if a downgrade to KitKat is still necessary or might just sell the phone.

So if you have an S5 Mini with serious battery drain, try disabling 4G.
[Galaxy S5 Mini General] ffoucault:
Well thanks for that, I was skeptical but I gave it a try. I booted in recovery mode, wiped dalvik cache and once optimization is done after reboot the phone was quite snappy. I've not tested battery life on 3G only mode yet.
[Galaxy S5 Mini General] hatgun:
According to Samsung Galaxy S5 Manual- guideusermanual.com/product-name-galaxy-s5-manual&po=356337&lang=English following guidelines are suggested by experts to fix battery drain:

Stop unnecessary apps.

Replace your old battery with a new one.

Your charger does not work.

'Android system' using too much battery.

Google Play Services battery drain.

Switch off auto-brightness.

Shorten your screen timeout.

Watch out for widgets and background apps.
[Galaxy S5 Mini General] nightology88:
Well thats unexpected

Coming here after I just got my new s5 and I gotta say this works like a charm. I disabled the 4g and I'm getting huge improvements. IAM on factory's Tom ty for this.
[Galaxy S5 Mini General] koragg97:
Just disabled 4G and I think it makes an impact, a good one. S5 G900F here.
[Galaxy S5 Mini General] kimiraikkonen85:
I have S5 G900F with official stock Rom along with Marshmallow 6.0.1 update and IT DRIVES ME CRAZY!

The phone is usually EXTREMELY slow and sluggish. I cannot smoothly navigate and scroll around the apps, and I can NOT wake the phone up from lock screen instantly. Even waking up from lock screen takes ages. It is very laggy. I tried everthing and not working.

I beleive either Marshmallow kernel has a nasty Cpu bug or Samsung intentionally slows down the phobe just like Apple does.

I hate it.

What are your thoughts?
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Basher515:
Hi Everyone,

I'm having problems with my Alcatel Flash Plus 2, running on Marshmallow 6.0 with regards to its SD storage capability.

There are no issues with the SD card as it is detected normally on other phones, as well as the PC and my current phone itself.

Problem is - whenever I turn off the phone for sleep/standby, a few minutes later the SD card is no longer detected, as if it was ejected. Restarting the phone fixes the problem.

I suspected that it's a battery optimization app that may have caused the service responsible for the SD card to close. Unfortunately, I did several troubleshooting steps but did not resolve it. Here's a list on what I did:

Uninstall any app related to battery

Unselect option "Standby intelligent power saving"

Turned off Battery Saver

Set "External Storage" & "Media Storage" as NOT OPTIMIZED on Battery Optimization

Wipe cache and data for External Storage

Wipe partition cache

There's one more app that I tried to uninstall but was unable to do so.

An app aptly named "Boost". It's a built-in application of the phone and has device administrator rights, so I'm unable to uninstall it without root. I was only able to get the apk name, which is com.tct.onetouchbooster.

Unfortunately, the phone that I have doesn't have much info about rooting, so I'm not sure if I want to head to that direction yet. Is there any other way that I can just disable this app on startup? Or could it be that there's another reason why the SD card stops being detected? Any help is greatly appreciated.
[Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Basher515:
Up

Anyone? Does somebody have an idea on what to do here?
[Nexus 6P General] and313:
So there is no thread like this for the 6p where viper users could share their sound profiles and opinions about the sound enhancements you can achieve with viper4android specifically on the speakers. Here is mine: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bx_H00kDXlWPVG5FRDEyX2RLOFU/view?usp=drivesdk

Extract the zip and copy its contents into the viper folder on your sd then load up the profile in the viper app. The profile is called sahne. I tuned it to this piece of video: https://youtu.be/73LNmkL4tfg

Njoy :)
[Nexus 6P General] Azdian:
I use these settings I found on reddit

Headphones:

Spectrum Expansion - 0.7

Dynamic System - Common Earphone V2, 30%

Viper Bass - Natural, 66 Hz, 8.0 dB

Phone Speakers:

Speaker Optimization - Enabled

eXtra-Loud - Moderate, 5x Max Gain, -1.9 dB Max Output
[Nexus 6P General] and313:
Try the convolver (irs) i have in my zip and set it to 80%. And use it for the speakers only. And set the highs a bit higher in the eq. Or just take my profile
[Nexus 6P General] Azdian:
Didn't go well, I can barely hear the incoming messages notifications :/
[Nexus 6P General] dontbeweakvato:
What's a spreaker?
[Nexus 6P General] and313:
hm either you are doing something wrong or i forgot to resave the profile. Here is the resaved one:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bx_H00kDXlWPeDRPSjRpb3FMOFk

this is what you should be seeing under speaker:

http://imgur.com/a/FDdD9

And also make sure your gate limiter is set right

and a word of advice. if you are not using convolvers (irs samples) you are missing out on the best part of viper.
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] lzzy12:
Is your camera not working after the latest OTA update or having battery problem or having other XYZ problem?? Then you have landed on the right thread:D. On this thread, I will be uploading TWRP flahable stock firmwares of Samsung Galaxy J2 (J200G). (Or if somebody want firmwares of other varients like j200h, j200m, etc then they can comment below and if I feel there is a hot demand for it then I will upload it). All the firmwares provided here will be fully debloated, pre-rooted and KNOX removed.

I am creating a gdrive folder in which I will be uploading all the firmwares.

Here is the link to all the firmwares..

Steps to install these firmwares:

Step 1: Boot into twrp recovery..

Step 2: wipe system, cache... NO NEED TO WIPE DATA..

Step 3: Select the zip and Install it..

Step 4: wipe dalvic cache and reboot normally...

Note: please note that first boot can take upto 15 mins and may reboot sometimes, so don't panic

Please hit the thanks button, if I helped
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] DaRdamnDoG:
Hi! Could you please let me know if my SM-J200GU will be suitable to flash your modded stock rom? I would really appreciate and be grateful if you can make a modded stock rom specifically for SM-J200GU. Thank you so much for your kindness, I've been learning to do debloating but the software is not compatible to Samsung's latest KNOX updates anymore. Please leave some tips for newbies too! :P Cheers.
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] lzzy12:
Ok.. I will upload the stock firmware for j200gu today..
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] adarshadhungel1:
Ok can you please make the stock flashable rom for J200H. I would be very thankful. If possible please make the rom of APJ3 baseband.
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] DaRdamnDoG:
Thank you so much, I'll be right here waiting for the file then :P Your kindness is greatly appreciated.
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] DaRdamnDoG:
La la la di da di ~
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] lzzy12:
For sure, j200gu is coming today... will upload for j200h tommorow
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] adarshadhungel1:
Thanks man
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] lzzy12:
Hit the thanks button instead
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] lzzy12:
BTW, which country's firmware u want??
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] lzzy12:
J200GU ROM is being uploaded... Stay tuned

Edit : J200GU ROM has been uploaded

Update about J200H : I am unable to download the firmware of J200H because updato blocks hotlinking to some firmwares (like J200H) and do not do to others (like J200g/gu). I will try my best, but it will be better if u provide me a gdrive or mega.nz link..
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] DaRdamnDoG:
Mine is XME :D

---------- Post added at 08:49 AM ---------- Previous post was at 08:23 AM ----------

Hi, I assume the file with 20170530 name attached is the file I requested? Which region was it? It doesn't matter right?
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] adarshadhungel1:
Opps!!!!

Don't worry I did now .

and my country NPL (Nepal)
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] lzzy12:
There will be a folder named J200GU, your requested file is in that folder... And the region was XME but it doesn't matters
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] chinitopex:
I am very grateful..

I am new at this

I have a samsung galaxy SM-J200M

I want to know what the benefits are when doing a downgrade?

I would like to have Samsung version j2 J00H

Because I see many roms in this forum

Can you upload the files for me?

please downgrade for me Samsung j2 Sm-j200m

Thanks
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] dejimonme:
hi can you update the links? got an error 404
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] NeverDeadTR:
hi i need for rom for j200f can you make it ?
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] GuestK00473:
fix download link please ;_;
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] GuestK00473:
Fix download link

please can you fix download links

I get 404 not found
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] chankruze:
Link is not valid

Error 404.

Link is dead bro.
[Samsung Galaxy J2 ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Oth] farhanfarru:
I need to downgrade my 7.1.2 ROM to original 5.1.1 lollipop could you pls help me
[Mogul, XV6800 General] Mr Nur:
If i'm using Wi-Fi on my HTC Mogul 6800 does it cost to use the internet? I do not have a internet package so it does cost surf the web on my phone, someone said something about Wi-Fi and its free or something but clear cut answer bc I wasin't getting one..

Q: Wi-Fi on my HTC Mogul 6800 does it cost to use the internet?

A: ?
[Mogul, XV6800 General] Adplaya:
No it does not cost money to use your home internet connection on you mogul.

Just always make sure the cellphone with the arrows on it in the Comm Manager is turned off, because that will cost you money.
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] rajlal:
Whenever my location is on, and I go to put it off, everytime Secure Folder screen comes up and asks for authentication.

Before authentication I get a popup saying

"No Location access

Device location for all apps is turned off, and you may not be able to locate your device if it's lost."

I don't know why it is happening all of a sudden, I don't even remember any changed settings.

Can someone please help
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] s4shield:
Same here.
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] XkobiX:
Same here. Really frustrating. I currently uninstalled it because of this bug...
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] linom:
Search for 'Device Administrators' (or just 'administrators') in settings, and turn off 'Secure Folder'. This is a built in feature of the rom, wherein secure folder is added as a device administrator by default and it will ask for location every time.
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] shafty023:
This did not resolve my issue. Secure Folder was not a device administrator.
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] jleon0913:
Problem solved!

I did what linom suggested and it turns out Lookout was the issue! I have T-Mobile and it comes pre-installed on new devices as far as I've seen but I'm not sure if other mobile carriers do the same. They had updated Lookout recently and it looks like there was a "better missing device functionality" that may have been added or changed or something. It was the only one that was checked off as a device admin and I turned it off. Problem was immediately solved. Weird that it was triggering the secure folder to open but this definitely fixed the issue.
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] shafty023:
Unfortunately I have no device administrators enabled and still having the issue.
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] linom:
Did you add any app in the secure folder that requires location access? Check the permissions for each app. Also, try uninstalling and reinstalling it again as a last resort. Maybe its a bug. I am not able to replicate the issue. Can you share a screen grab?
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] shafty023:
I hadn't added any apps but I did notice some Samsung apps in secure folder required location permission so I revoked. Let's see if that fixes it
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] shafty023:
Nope still was happening. I uninstalled secure folder
[Samsung Galaxy S8 Questions and Answers] zbms:
Disable send last location in find my mobile
[Galaxy S6 Edge Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Akhil15143:
updated my samsung galaxy s6 edge to android version 7.0 . Since then whenever i play or go on to edit a slow or fast motion video it will not open and a notification pops up that "slow and fast motion video player and editor has stopped " please help me solve this problem
[Galaxy S6 Edge Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] strandedhuman:
Did you try clearing cache for the camera app?
[LG G5 Questions & Answers] spinoza_web:
I have a RS988 and it very badly catches the signal of my Lifecell cellular network. I do not want to change the operator, I want to make it work better. Is it possible to improve the signal by flashing the modem from H850 or H850?

Maybe it's in 3d gadget? Is it possible to do it better? Write where it might be located?
[LG G5 Questions & Answers] firenemesis7:
No you would end up in a boot loop