[Sony Xperia T, TL, TX, V] lobotron:
I do not know what made your GPS fix fast but it can be. I played around with SatStat, it found 7 satellites and then GPS fixes fast also in another app. This nice effect does not persist.

Looking into gps.conf I found for my location the wrong continent and

XTRA_SERVER_1=http://xtra1.gpsonextra.net/xtra2.bin

so as far as I got it right which I couldn't verify so far the MSM8960 needs xtra2.bin providing GPS and GLO assistance data to generate the gps almanac. Is there a way to proof it works? I read the URL should be https in our days

https://xtrapath1.izatcloud.net/xtra2.bin

because of cve-2016-5341 which is from December 2016. Perhaps someone with better knowledge can help working out GPS.

tx, I started from scratch and it worked this time.

Regarding my USB problem: the freshly installed phone appeared for a second as XPERIA V in filemanager. I couldn't take this phone log as I had no root so far. dmesg from the computer said:

[ 1519.672748] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd
[ 1519.804988] usb 3-2: unable to get BOS descriptor
[ 1519.817112] usb 3-2: New USB device found, idVendor=0fce, idProduct=0dde
[ 1519.817120] usb 3-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 1519.817124] usb 3-2: Product: S1Boot Fastboot
[ 1519.817127] usb 3-2: Manufacturer: Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB
[ 1519.817130] usb 3-2: SerialNumber: PSDN:BX903J3L2W&ZLP
[ 1573.905751] usb 3-2: USB disconnect, device number 3
[ 1963.205770] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Device not ready
[ 1963.205774] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.205776] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1963.205778] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.205779] Sense Key : Not Ready [current]
[ 1963.205781] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.205784] Add. Sense: Medium not present
[ 1963.205785] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB:
[ 1963.205786] Read(10): 28 00 00 00 08 80 00 00 f0 00
[ 1963.205792] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 2176
[ 1963.205795] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 16
[ 1963.205798] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 17
[ 1963.205801] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 18
[ 1963.205802] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 19
[ 1963.205804] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 20
[ 1963.205806] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 21
[ 1963.205807] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 22
[ 1963.205809] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 23
[ 1963.205811] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 24
[ 1963.206586] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Device not ready
[ 1963.206590] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.206591] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1963.206593] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.206594] Sense Key : Not Ready [current]
[ 1963.206597] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.206599] Add. Sense: Medium not present
[ 1963.206600] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB:
[ 1963.206601] Read(10): 28 00 00 00 08 40 00 00 38 00
[ 1963.206607] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 2112
[ 1963.207078] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Device not ready
[ 1963.207081] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.207083] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1963.207084] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.207085] Sense Key : Not Ready [current]
[ 1963.207087] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.207089] Add. Sense: Medium not present
[ 1963.207090] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB:
[ 1963.207091] Read(10): 28 00 00 00 08 20 00 00 18 00
[ 1963.207096] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 2080
[ 1963.208953] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Device not ready
[ 1963.208957] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.208959] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1963.208960] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.208962] Sense Key : Not Ready [current]
[ 1963.208964] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.208967] Add. Sense: Medium not present
[ 1963.208968] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB:
[ 1963.208970] Read(10): 28 00 00 00 08 10 00 00 08 00
[ 1963.208979] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 2064
[ 1963.209498] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Device not ready
[ 1963.209499] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.209500] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1963.209501] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.209502] Sense Key : Not Ready [current]
[ 1963.209503] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.209504] Add. Sense: Medium not present
[ 1963.209505] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB:
[ 1963.209506] Read(10): 28 00 00 00 09 70 00 00 90 00
[ 1963.209510] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 2416
[ 1963.209993] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Device not ready
[ 1963.209994] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.209995] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1963.209996] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.209997] Sense Key : Not Ready [current]
[ 1963.209998] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.209999] Add. Sense: Medium not present
[ 1963.210001] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB:
[ 1963.210001] Read(10): 28 00 00 00 08 10 00 00 08 00
[ 1963.210005] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 2064
[ 1963.210545] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Device not ready
[ 1963.210546] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.210547] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1963.210548] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.210549] Sense Key : Not Ready [current]
[ 1963.210550] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd]
[ 1963.210551] Add. Sense: Medium not present
[ 1963.210552] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB:
[ 1963.210553] Read(10): 28 00 00 00 08 10 00 00 08 00
[ 1963.210556] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 2064
[ 1963.214718] sdd: detected capacity change from 31981568000 to 0
[ 3758.588774] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 6 using xhci_hcd
[ 3760.311177] usb 3-2: New USB device found, idVendor=0fce, idProduct=5186
[ 3760.311185] usb 3-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 3760.311188] usb 3-2: Product: Xperia V
[ 3760.311191] usb 3-2: Manufacturer: Sony
[ 3760.311194] usb 3-2: SerialNumber: BX903J3L2W
[ 3760.811790] usb 3-2: USB disconnect, device number 6

the sector and the BOS descriptor do not look right

and from TWRP mount also not working I got:

dmesg from the computer:

[ 4171.546756] usb 3-2: new full-speed USB device number 7 using xhci_hcd
[ 4171.666792] usb 3-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71
[ 4172.330475] usb 3-2: new full-speed USB device number 8 using xhci_hcd
[ 4172.450535] usb 3-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71
[ 4172.890312] usb 3-2: new full-speed USB device number 9 using xhci_hcd
[ 4173.010315] usb 3-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71
[ 4173.641961] usb 3-2: new full-speed USB device number 10 using xhci_hcd
[ 4173.977896] usb 3-2: new full-speed USB device number 11 using xhci_hcd
[ 4174.098070] usb 3-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71

does it mean the phones memory is corrupt? I didn't find something obvious in the later phones log.