[Xiaomi Mi Max ROMs, Kernels, Recoveries, & Other D] dmitriypavlov:
Bad superblock :(

Zola III, you were right. I continued my investigations and found out evidences of crippled partition table. My device variant is helium (64 GB)

adb shell "e2fsck -f /dev/block/mmcblk0"

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
ext2fs_open2: [B][COLOR="Red"]Bad magic number in super-block[/COLOR][/B]
e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/block/mmcblk0

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2
filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
e2fsck -b 8193 <device>

adb shell "cat /proc/partitions"

major minor #blocks name

179 0 61071360 mmcblk0
179 1 3 mmcblk0p1
179 2 4 mmcblk0p2
179 3 8 mmcblk0p3
179 4 32 mmcblk0p4
179 5 64 mmcblk0p5
179 6 32 mmcblk0p6
179 7 32 mmcblk0p7
179 8 8 mmcblk0p8
179 9 24 mmcblk0p9
179 10 32 mmcblk0p10
179 11 128 mmcblk0p11
179 12 128 mmcblk0p12
179 13 256 mmcblk0p13
179 14 256 mmcblk0p14
179 15 512 mmcblk0p15
179 16 512 mmcblk0p16
179 17 1024 mmcblk0p17
179 18 1024 mmcblk0p18
179 19 512 mmcblk0p19
179 20 256 mmcblk0p20
179 21 256 mmcblk0p21
179 22 512 mmcblk0p22
179 23 512 mmcblk0p23
179 24 2048 mmcblk0p24
179 25 2048 mmcblk0p25
179 26 1024 mmcblk0p26
179 27 1024 mmcblk0p27
179 28 1024 mmcblk0p28
179 29 1024 mmcblk0p29
179 30 1024 mmcblk0p30
179 31 1024 mmcblk0p31
259 0 1024 mmcblk0p32
259 1 1024 mmcblk0p33
259 2 1024 mmcblk0p34
259 3 1024 mmcblk0p35
259 4 4096 mmcblk0p36
259 5 4096 mmcblk0p37
259 6 2048 mmcblk0p38
259 7 2048 mmcblk0p39
259 8 4096 mmcblk0p40
259 9 4096 mmcblk0p41
259 10 4096 mmcblk0p42
259 11 4096 mmcblk0p43
259 12 4096 mmcblk0p44
259 13 1024 mmcblk0p45
259 14 1024 mmcblk0p46
259 15 2048 mmcblk0p47
259 16 8192 mmcblk0p48
259 17 106496 mmcblk0p49
259 18 1024 mmcblk0p50
259 19 1024 mmcblk0p51
259 20 2048 mmcblk0p52
259 21 4096 mmcblk0p53
259 22 16384 mmcblk0p54
259 23 32768 mmcblk0p55
259 24 32768 mmcblk0p56
259 25 32768 mmcblk0p57
259 26 32768 mmcblk0p58
259 27 65536 mmcblk0p59
259 28 65536 mmcblk0p60
259 29 65536 mmcblk0p61
259 30 262144 mmcblk0p62
259 31 524288 mmcblk0p63
259 32 3145728 mmcblk0p64
259 33 56614895 mmcblk0p65
179 32 4096 mmcblk0rpmb
179 64 61897728 mmcblk1
179 65 61896704 mmcblk1p1

adb shell "fdisk -l /dev/block/mmcblk0" (bad superblock?)

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT

Disk /dev/block/mmcblk0: 122142720 sectors, [B][COLOR="Red"]2296M[/COLOR][/B]
Logical sector size: 512
Disk identifier (GUID): 98101b32-bbe2-4bf2-a06e-2bb33d000c20
Partition table holds up to 68 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 122142686

Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 34 39 3072 0700 bk1
2 40 47 4096 0700 fsc
3 48 63 8192 0700 dpo
4 64 127 32768 0700 sec
5 128 255 65536 0700 ssd
6 256 319 32768 0700 config
7 320 383 32768 0700 limits
8 384 399 8192 0700 switch
9 400 447 24576 0700 bk2
10 448 511 32768 0700 bk3
11 512 767 128K 0700 sdi
12 768 1023 128K 0700 bk4
13 1024 1535 256K 0700 apdp
14 1536 2047 256K 0700 msadp
15 2048 3071 512K 0700 mota
16 3072 4095 512K 0700 syscfg
17 4096 6143 1024K 0700 DDR
18 6144 8191 1024K 0700 keystore
19 8192 9215 512K 0700 frp
20 9216 9727 256K 0700 devcfg
21 9728 10239 256K 0700 devcfgbak
22 10240 11263 512K 0700 pmic
23 11264 12287 512K 0700 pmicbak
24 12288 16383 2048K 0700 sbl1
25 16384 20479 2048K 0700 sbl1bak
26 20480 22527 1024K 0700 rpm
27 22528 24575 1024K 0700 rpmbak
28 24576 26623 1024K 0700 hyp
29 26624 28671 1024K 0700 hypbak
30 28672 30719 1024K 0700 cmnlib
31 30720 32767 1024K 0700 cmnlibbak
32 32768 34815 1024K 0700 cmnlib64
33 34816 36863 1024K 0700 cmnlib64bak
34 36864 38911 1024K 0700 keymaster
35 38912 40959 1024K 0700 keymasterbak
36 40960 49151 4096K 0700 tz
37 49152 57343 4096K 0700 tzbak
38 57344 61439 2048K 0700 aboot
39 61440 65535 2048K 0700 abootbak
40 65536 73727 4096K 0700 fsg
41 73728 81919 4096K 0700 modemst1
42 81920 90111 4096K 0700 modemst2
43 90112 98303 4096K 0700 misc
44 98304 106495 4096K 0700 mcfg
45 106496 108543 1024K 0700 devinfo
46 108544 110591 1024K 0700 dip
47 110592 114687 2048K 0700 sti
48 114688 131071 8192K 0700 logo
49 131072 344063 104M 0700 modem
50 344064 346111 1024K 0700 bluetooth
51 346112 348159 1024K 0700 bk5
52 348160 352255 2048K 0700 bk6
53 352256 360447 4096K 0700 bk7
54 360448 393215 16.0M 0700 oops
55 393216 458751 32.0M 0700 splash
56 458752 524287 32.0M 0700 mdtp
57 524288 589823 32.0M 0700 persist
58 589824 655359 32.0M 0700 dsp
59 655360 786431 64.0M 0700 oem
60 786432 917503 64.0M 0700 boot
61 917504 1048575 64.0M 0700 recovery
62 1048576 1572863 256M 0700 cache
63 1572864 2621439 512M 0700 cust
64 2621440 8912895 3072M 0700 system
65 8912896 122142686 53.9G 0700 userdata

Any suggestions in recreating the whole partition table? Damn you Samsung!