[BLU R1 HD Guides, News, & Discussion] bibikalka:
Before rooting, do backup your /boot and /system partitions via SPFT, as described here (whenever the post is filled in properly :D ) :

http://xdaforums.com/r1-hd/how-to/backup-partitions-spft-rooting-t3426041

Since it's pretty tedious to run that for each and every partition, I propose to backup other ones after you get root. But note that copying the partitions back to the device is a lot quicker since all the necessary info can be preset in a scatter file !

I recommend that you follow other threads to get root, such as, for example, here :

http://xdaforums.com/r1-hd/how-to/twrp-how-to-root-t3425677

Note, SuperSu will go for "systemless" root, and will patch boot.img. The original boot.img will be saved as /data/stock_boot_*.img.gz It's highly recommended that you backup this boot.img elsewhere (off the device if you did not manage to run SPFT beforehand), in order to be able to restore the device and accept the OTAs.

Some partitions will still be mounted, but I don't think it matters that much. Anyway, here is a list of what is usually mounted :

Filesystem Size Used Free Blksize
/dev 970.2M 84.0K 970.1M 4096
/sys/fs/cgroup 970.2M 12.0K 970.2M 4096
/mnt 970.2M 0.0K 970.2M 4096
/mnt/runtime/default/emulated 11.2G 522.4M 10.7G 4096
/mnt/runtime/read/emulated 11.2G 522.4M 10.7G 4096
/mnt/runtime/write/emulated 11.2G 522.4M 10.7G 4096
/system 2.5G 2.0G 516.5M 4096
/data 11.2G 522.4M 10.7G 4096
/cache 387.4M 988.0K 386.5M 4096
/protect_f 5.8M 60.0K 5.8M 4096
/protect_s 5.8M 56.0K 5.8M 4096
/nvdata 27.5M 2.2M 25.3M 4096
/storage 970.2M 0.0K 970.2M 4096
/storage/emulated 11.2G 522.4M 10.7G 4096
/su 90.5M 676.0K 89.8M 4096

To backup whatever partitions are out there, run these commands :

adb shell
su
mkdir /sdcard/images/
cd /sdcard/images
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0boot0 of=00_boot0.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0boot1 of=01_boot1.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0rpmb of=02_rpmb.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0 of=p0_pgpt.img bs=1024 count=512
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p1 of=p1_proinfo.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p2 of=p2_nvram.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p3 of=p3_protect1.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p4 of=p4_protect2.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p5 of=p5_lk.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p6 of=p6_para.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7 of=p7_boot.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p8 of=p8_recovery.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p9 of=p9_logo.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p10 of=p10_expdb.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p11 of=p11_seccfg.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p12 of=p12_oemkeystore.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p13 of=p13_secro.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p14 of=p14_keystore.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p15 of=p15_tee1.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p16 of=p16_tee2.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p17 of=p17_frp.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p18 of=p18_nvdata.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p19 of=p19_metadata.img
#dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p20 of=p20_system.img
#dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p21 of=p21_cache.img
#dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p22 of=p22_userdata.img
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p23 of=p23_flashinfo.img
md5sum *.img
exit
exit
adb pull /sdcard/images

These are the files that you'll get

-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 4194304 2016-01-01 18:31 00_boot0.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 4194304 2016-01-01 18:31 01_boot1.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 0 2016-01-01 18:47 02_rpmb.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 524288 2016-01-01 18:31 p0_pgpt.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 3145728 2016-01-01 18:31 p1_proinfo.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 5242880 2016-01-01 18:31 p2_nvram.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 10485760 2016-01-01 18:31 p3_protect1.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 10485760 2016-01-01 18:31 p4_protect2.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 524288 2016-01-01 18:31 p5_lk.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 524288 2016-01-01 18:31 p6_para.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 16777216 2016-01-01 18:31 p7_boot.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 16777216 2016-01-01 18:31 p8_recovery.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 8388608 2016-01-01 18:31 p9_logo.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 10485760 2016-01-01 18:31 p10_expdb.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 524288 2016-01-01 18:31 p11_seccfg.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 2097152 2016-01-01 18:31 p12_oemkeystore.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 6291456 2016-01-01 18:31 p13_secro.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 8388608 2016-01-01 18:31 p14_keystore.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 5242880 2016-01-01 18:31 p15_tee1.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 5242880 2016-01-01 18:31 p16_tee2.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 1048576 2016-01-01 18:31 p17_frp.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 33554432 2016-01-01 18:31 p18_nvdata.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 38797312 2016-01-01 18:32 p19_metadata.img
-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 16777216 2016-01-01 18:32 p23_flashinfo.img

And this is another map of partitions to names :

lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 boot -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p7
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 cache -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p21
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 expdb -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p10
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 flashinfo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p23
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 frp -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p17
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 keystore -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p14
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 lk -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p5
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 logo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p9
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 metadata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p19
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 nvdata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p18
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 nvram -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p2
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 oemkeystore -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p12
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 para -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p6
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 proinfo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p1
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 protect1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p3
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 protect2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p4
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 recovery -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p8
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 seccfg -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p11
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 secro -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p13
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 system -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p20
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 tee1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p15
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 tee2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p16
lrwxrwxrwx root root 2016-01-01 17:30 userdata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p22

And mount output :

rootfs / rootfs ro,seclabel 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs rw,seclabel,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=600 0 0
none /dev/cpuctl cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0
adb /dev/usb-ffs/adb functionfs rw,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,seclabel,relatime 0 0
selinuxfs /sys/fs/selinux selinuxfs rw,relatime 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,seclabel,relatime 0 0
none /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=750,gid=1000 0 0
pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore rw,seclabel,relatime 0 0
none /acct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0
tmpfs /mnt tmpfs rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
/dev/fuse /mnt/runtime/default/emulated fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,user_id=1023,group_id=1023,default_permissions,allow_other 0 0
/dev/fuse /mnt/runtime/read/emulated fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,user_id=1023,group_id=1023,default_permissions,allow_other 0 0
/dev/fuse /mnt/runtime/write/emulated fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,user_id=1023,group_id=1023,default_permissions,allow_other 0 0
/dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/11230000.msdc0/by-name/system /system ext4 ro,seclabel,relatime,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/11230000.msdc0/by-name/userdata /data ext4 rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noatime,discard,noauto_da_alloc,resuid=10010,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/11230000.msdc0/by-name/cache /cache ext4 rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noatime,discard,noauto_da_alloc,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/11230000.msdc0/by-name/protect1 /protect_f ext4 rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noatime,nodelalloc,noauto_da_alloc,commit=1,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/11230000.msdc0/by-name/protect2 /protect_s ext4 rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noatime,nodelalloc,noauto_da_alloc,commit=1,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/11230000.msdc0/by-name/nvdata /nvdata ext4 rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noatime,discard,noauto_da_alloc,data=ordered 0 0
tmpfs /storage tmpfs rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
/dev/fuse /storage/emulated fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,user_id=1023,group_id=1023,default_permissions,allow_other 0 0
/dev/block/loop1 /su ext4 rw,seclabel,noatime,data=ordered 0 0

And partition sizes in blocks:

major minor #blocks name

7 0 1254 loop0
7 1 98304 loop1
179 0 15392768 mmcblk0
179 1 3072 mmcblk0p1
179 2 5120 mmcblk0p2
179 3 10240 mmcblk0p3
179 4 10240 mmcblk0p4
179 5 512 mmcblk0p5
179 6 512 mmcblk0p6
179 7 16384 mmcblk0p7
179 8 16384 mmcblk0p8
179 9 8192 mmcblk0p9
179 10 10240 mmcblk0p10
179 11 512 mmcblk0p11
179 12 2048 mmcblk0p12
179 13 6144 mmcblk0p13
179 14 8192 mmcblk0p14
179 15 5120 mmcblk0p15
179 16 5120 mmcblk0p16
179 17 1024 mmcblk0p17
179 18 32768 mmcblk0p18
179 19 37888 mmcblk0p19
179 20 2736128 mmcblk0p20
179 21 409600 mmcblk0p21
179 22 12049920 mmcblk0p22
179 23 16384 mmcblk0p23
179 96 4096 mmcblk0rpmb
179 64 4096 mmcblk0boot1
179 32 4096 mmcblk0boot0

And another great piece of info (borrowed from here, [MENTION=4239374]ss2man44[/MENTION] ):

http://xdaforums.com/showpost.php?p=67903154&postcount=619

(16 Gb Prime model)

> gdisk -l mmcblk0.img
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1

Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk mmcblk0.img: 30785536 sectors, 14.7 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
Partition table holds up to 23 entries
First usable sector is 1024, last usable sector is 30784511
Partitions will be aligned on 1024-sector boundaries
Total free space is 0 sectors (0 bytes)

Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 1024 7167 3.0 MiB 0700 proinfo
2 7168 17407 5.0 MiB 0700 nvram
3 17408 37887 10.0 MiB 0700 protect1
4 37888 58367 10.0 MiB 0700 protect2
5 58368 59391 512.0 KiB 0700 lk
6 59392 60415 512.0 KiB 0700 para
7 60416 93183 16.0 MiB 0700 boot
8 93184 125951 16.0 MiB 0700 recovery
9 125952 142335 8.0 MiB 0700 logo
10 142336 162815 10.0 MiB 0700 expdb
11 162816 163839 512.0 KiB 0700 seccfg
12 163840 167935 2.0 MiB 0700 oemkeystore
13 167936 180223 6.0 MiB 0700 secro
14 180224 196607 8.0 MiB 0700 keystore
15 196608 206847 5.0 MiB 0700 tee1
16 206848 217087 5.0 MiB 0700 tee2
17 217088 219135 1024.0 KiB 0700 frp
18 219136 284671 32.0 MiB 0700 nvdata
19 284672 360447 37.0 MiB 0700 metadata
20 360448 5832703 2.6 GiB 0700 system
21 5832704 6651903 400.0 MiB 0700 cache
22 6651904 30751743 11.5 GiB 0700 userdata
23 30751744 30784511 16.0 MiB 0700 flashinfo

And finally, partitions with their starting address/length in HEX for the 16 Gb version (stuff everybody was waiting for :D ) :

Name Block_device Start_adr Length
pgpt mmcblk0 0x0 0x80000
proinfo mmcblk0p1 0x80000 0x300000
nvram mmcblk0p2 0x380000 0x500000
protect1 mmcblk0p3 0x880000 0xa00000
protect2 mmcblk0p4 0x1280000 0xa00000
lk mmcblk0p5 0x1c80000 0x80000
para mmcblk0p6 0x1d00000 0x80000
boot mmcblk0p7 0x1d80000 0x1000000
recovery mmcblk0p8 0x2d80000 0x1000000
logo mmcblk0p9 0x3d80000 0x800000
expdb mmcblk0p10 0x4580000 0xa00000
seccfg mmcblk0p11 0x4f80000 0x80000
oemkeystore mmcblk0p12 0x5000000 0x200000
secro mmcblk0p13 0x5200000 0x600000
keystore mmcblk0p14 0x5800000 0x800000
tee1 mmcblk0p15 0x6000000 0x500000
tee2 mmcblk0p16 0x6500000 0x500000
frp mmcblk0p17 0x6a00000 0x100000
nvdata mmcblk0p18 0x6b00000 0x2000000
metadata mmcblk0p19 0x8b00000 0x2500000
system mmcblk0p20 0xb000000 0xa7000000
cache mmcblk0p21 0xb2000000 0x19000000
userdata mmcblk0p22 0xcb000000 0x2df780000
flashinfo mmcblk0p23 0x3aa780000 0x1000000
sgpt mmcblk0s 0x3ab780000 0x80000
[COLOR="Red"]end end 0x3ab800000 0x0[/COLOR]