yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Dave do have any issues with receiving txt. Im not getting some but others are coming through.. Thanx
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Yes I get my texts, that's odd, could be your carrier?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Yea may be just shortening my list of probabilitys

Thank you
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Or if you blocked RIL or something in amplify?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Amon37:
I have run the APK and have device unlock turned on in dev options and I'm still getting write failed

see attached pictures
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
The top bl line looks like you have the cl loaded ? Got to be bl file
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
I've compiled a new kernel that integrates a bit of S8 source, dealing with cpu efficiency. You must be on official toxic (first ROM in OP), SO DON'T FLASH IF YOU'RE ON BETA OREO CRAP!

It's updated as of today for security. Flash in TWRP. Attached to this post :)

UPDATE: kernel deleted, battery life wasn't as good.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Thanx will be flashing soon Have you noticed any real life results.. … .on a separate note ? the fm still eludes us.. Lok
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Haha I was just looking into FM today! The kernel seems very smooth, I'll know more as time goes on. Ie:battery life :P
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
I even wrote off to those American carriers that enabled it but never got reply.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
If you could do a favor: post and chat with those usa s7'ers on ENGroot, see if they can give us a flashable zip with the needed fm software.?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Ok ? I can do that. .?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Cyrax43:
Would it be possible you could add vulkan to your rom?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Maybe. Not much difference in quality though actually, at least not noticeable
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Cyrax43:
I heard its noticeably different from games that supports it, I think it's worth adding to your rom.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Amon37:
nah, but that's ok. Since it works for everyone else, it must just be my phone.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Yooperjusty:
Hey guys, I'm currently on Toxicrom v23. Is there an easy way to upgrade to the latest version without using Odin?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
You can flash the BL and CP without losing any data, then just dirty flash toxic
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Yooperjusty:
Sorry to ask a newbie question, but do I just download the BL and CP and flash both in TWRP? And I forget, what does dirty flash mean?

Also, with the new ROM, are there any improvements with the heat problem of the phone? It's been pretty good, but now with warmer weather, even light use of the phone, it heats up fast :(
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
It's described in the OP (first page) you need to download odin, and with that flash the bl/cp. First unlock with crom, it's all in the OP. Toxic rom has no heat issues, the best performance for our device, and unbelievably great battery life.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmind2006:
I have the same problem. I believe the problem for me is that the S6-CROM.apk installs, but always force-closes when I try to launch it. I'm thinking this has something to do with the fact that I'm already unlocked, but not with the twrp-based loader?

Using exactly all the files listed in the OP (not the 8.0 stuff), Odin gives me the following:

<ID:0/004> Added!!
<OSM> Enter CS for MD5..
<OSM> Check MD5.. Do not unplug the cable..
<OSM> Please wait..
<OSM> Checking MD5 finished Sucessfully..
<OSM> Leave CS..
<OSM> Enter CS for MD5..
<OSM> Check MD5.. Do not unplug the cable..
<OSM> Please wait..
<OSM> Checking MD5 finished Sucessfully..
<OSM> Leave CS..
<ID:0/004> Odin engine v(ID:3.1203)..
<ID:0/004> File analysis..
<ID:0/004> SetupConnection..
<ID:0/004> Initialzation..
<ID:0/004> Get PIT for mapping..
<ID:0/004> Firmware update start..
<ID:0/004> SingleDownload.
<ID:0/004> emmc_appsboot.mbn
<ID:0/004> lksecapp.mbn
<ID:0/004> FAIL! (Auth)
<ID:0/004>
<ID:0/004> Complete(Write) operation failed.
<OSM> All threads completed. (succeed 0 / failed 1)
<ID:0/004> Removed!!
<ID:0/003> Added!!
<ID:0/003> Removed!!
<ID:0/003> Added!!

FYI that I used the guides from these links:

SM-935U Install and Root: https://xdaforums.com/verizon-s7-edge/how-to/guide-flashing-sm-935u-firmware-verizon-t3415145

Root: https://xdaforums.com/verizon-s7-edge/how-to/root-method-nougat-t3566978

With the AP, BL, CP, and CSC_OYM of *_G935UUES4BRA1_CL12483084_QB16439000_REV02_user_low_ship_MULTI_CERT.tar.md5

And Nougat_S7_Root_2_82_All_Carriers_V2 with the EngBoot image at one point.

Maybe it is all the Xposed apps preventing CROM from working? Should I clean install? I just wanted to verify before I needlessly spend hour resetting things without getting any closer to get this thing loaded.

Thanks in advance for any information on this topic.

Edit: and yes the OEM unlock is checked

Edit2: I can flash my other BL files with Odin without error.

Edit3: MD5 checksums all line up for the downloaded files.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Looks like you're on the usa engroot, you have a locked bootloader so you cannot install twrp from what I understand
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmind2006:
Okay, I missed that requirement as I assumed all snapdragon phones were in the same boat.... guess not.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Darn, well you have fm and we dont (as I can't seem to find how the usa carriers enabled it).
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmind2006:
Well it was a Verizon phone, so no FM....and now it doesn't matter because I'm in the UK now....!

/end threadjack.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
I've confirmed in our system files that we are indeed running vulkan graphics. S7-edge always has
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
If you have the time you should flash back to stock, then flash any stock TMB firmware ap, bl, cp, csc nougat, then install next radio and let us know if that gives us fm radio.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Is tmb going to even install on our. Device ?

The eng boot forumn nobody has replied to my questions..
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
It should, if you're on stock fw first. Yeah the engroot guys are probably bitter.. xda seems it's not what it used to be :/
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
So if I flash our stock nouget. Carry on from that to tm stock ?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
You got it! Let me know if FM works! Use next radio from play store
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Ill give it a shot

---------- Post added at 07:29 AM ---------- Previous post was at 06:59 AM ----------

Ive just got to find the correct firmware for tmb. At the moment I can only see mm

Can you confirm firmware we are looking for? Thanx
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
So I was able to flash our bl, tmb ap, cp, cscHome, and it got as far as telling me the tmb system image is too large for our partition. I can't flash the tmb pit to repartition, so I'm downloading tmb's last marshmallow fw hoping it's a smaller image. I'll try tomorrow, need to get fm!
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Thanx I got stuck finding the qualcomm model
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
would i be correct in assuming i shouldnt flash there bl file? as i may lock my device? thnx
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Try without, then with ours
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
info plz

Hi ive got stock n running went to odin and tried to update ap csc cp from tmb nouget. as soon as i try and flash it fails to partition and on phone it says secure check fail..pit any ides
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Hmmm. I'm working on it too, used superr to make a flashable zip out of the tmb ap, installs but won'tboot, seems it's partitioned differently..
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
hmm

probably needs its bootloader which im pretty scared to flash...lol

---------- Post added at 05:48 PM ---------- Previous post was at 04:52 PM ----------

as i neeed phone for work week im trying to restore an image doesnt seem to fail but on boot goes straight to twrp recovery..any thoughts thnx
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Flash our BL/CP from OP, format Data, then restore. If you need to, dirty flash toxic again, but your twrp backup should do fine, just be sure to flash our bl/cp
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
hmnn i dont usually have any bother but did exactly what you said and i still boot to recovery its got me stumped atm
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Use odin to flash our stock bl/ap/cp/csc (not csc home ), then odin to flash twrp (it's somewhere in op as .tar file), then format data, then restore backup
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
ok ill try all that but i just did official n then flashed twrp from op then it just boots to recovery all the time.... ill give it another shot thanx

update the nouget i put on works fine but as soon as i flash twrp and the drive shows on windows the complete phone partition shows empty getting really wierd
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Maybe wipe/change system to ext4 (i know it's already ext4 but this formats it), then flash official, then Format data, then restore backup
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
U formatted data before restore?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
yes i did....ive seen some info on top left of screen when it shows warranty void there something ive not seen before it says secure down load (enabled) when i did the n origional install it did down load some update which i left to install i hope i havnt been locked out of non original software.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Should be fine, I get the yellow warning top left on boot, but I can run custom or official fw.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
this is my phone in download mode https://photos.app.goo.gl/KDqEQqa9WprbkgMF8

ive just been reading that n stock is no verity and a altered kernal is needed to get twrp working but without twrp how do i install zip

what do you think?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Looks normal, just has knox tripped, which isn't unusual with root. You can just flash no-verity, and as for not being able to get twrp working, that doesn't make sense to me. If you flash the bl/cp in OP, along with the twrp as ap here: https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=890129502657594560

then just boot into recovery immediately after flash, format data, also format system to be safe (wipe>change filesystem>change to ext4), then restore from external sdcard your full backup (or just flash toxic in OP), then you should be golden!
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
thanx for your patience I don't usually need help but this was somewhat odd .so it's all up and running ?.. Maybe it was the format of system that made it come right. But happy ? now. Thanx Dave
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Don't think so. Is it booting?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Just replied one or so posts back
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Aha! Yes sometimes official fw when it fails in odin screws up system partition. So glad you got it all back!
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
I think I'm going to have to conclude that there is no fm radio on our device. Maybe they left some solder out. I've built our kernel with silabs and iris radio module (both of which are supposed to be supported by our soc), to no avail. I finally tried building iris/silabs outside the kernel as modules, and you can run insmod on both of them but it crashes the device. Hmph. Samsucksmyballz
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Well you certainly tried.. It's annoying I know with things are supposed to work..
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Okay here's the latest kernel, it's got overclocking added but samsung still seems to block it.

EDIT: deleting kernel, because battery life was worse.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Thank you
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] tahe007:
hi,

firstly i was really really impressed with this ROM, easily best ever custom rom for snapdragon s7 edge, but i had 1 issues, after following every step and double check-ed it, the google play services keep crashing, i figured out why it keeps crashing, because after flashing the opengapps and allowing google in toxicsetting, i go to applications and select google play services, i can't find location permission in google play services, so i can't allow it, any solution pls ? i have a screenshot but i can't post it, through private message maybe ?

i'm using gapps arm64 7.0 pico

thanks, best regard.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Flashing gapps was your problem. No need, just enable Google in toxic setting , reboot, give permissions to Google services, and wait 15 minutes for Google to update itself.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Update. Not sure the problem but kernel gives me bootloop tried with clear the usual

But still loop.. ?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Yes I deleted it, restore boot :P
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] tahe007:
ohh, i see, so what should i do now ? dirty flash the rom or redo the whole thing ? thanks.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Restart, gapps does all kinds of unknown **** to the system and data.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Just an update , I've been pouring over source code, our kernel . Mainly trying to get overclock / underclock to stick (it won't), but so far no matter what I edit or change or update, our current kernel in Toxic is still the most efficient. So, nothing new for now, we still have the fastest s7-edge and most battery awesomeness :D
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Wish I could help… .outside my domain.. But thanx
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Okay I've got overclock and underclock working, I'll be testing then giving it to you guys
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Here it is, cpus all overclocked, as well as underclock frequency added, gpu overclocked a lot for you gamers. Battery drains faster, I'm working on it. . Flash in TWRP, clear cache and reboot :)

Let me know how you like it!

Okay, the kernel works pefect if you use the following scripts, the keep freqs at reasonable levels unless power is needed:

Instructions :

Download and unzip: https://www.androidfilehost.com/?fid=11050483647474827576

Use root file explorer to:

1) rename /system/etc/init.qcom.post_boot.sh to init.qcom.post_boot.bak

2) copy the init.qcom.post_boot.sh from the download zip into your devices /system/etc/ and give it permissions rw-r-r (chmod 644)

3) copy the davecotefilm_ballancedOC.sh into /su/su.d/ and give it permissions rwxrwxr-x (chmod 774)

4) reboot!
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] zubair1836:
Hello guyz, I'm not here for asking root problem.

Actually, I'm working on a way to unlock Private Mode for Samsung Devices (in case you forget password) here.

It works for LP to N but users are reporting it not to be working for S7 Edge running Oreo. I don't have the device to test and see how Private Mode works on it.

I need someone owning S7 (rooted) who can provide me some details, looking forward in helping me and others, That will be most welcomed and he/she will be properly credited.

PM me if anyone is interested :)
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Wow it's fast! For this 174k+ on antutu I just deleted init.qcom.post_boot.sh and no su.d script :D
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Is this clocked?

And dies Anatu use the highest res? Thnx
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Yes overclocked kernel , rename init.qcom.post_boot.sh to .bak, don't use the scripts I posted.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Overclocked and upgraded rom uploaded to OP, 70X1C 8

Ours is the only S7 that still shows up on the antutu benchmark top 50 list :D We're on par with the S8!
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Updated ROM, just dirty flash over last one, it's in OP, or here: https://www.androidfilehost.com/?fid=11050483647474833049

Fixed a few things, core-control on Toxic Extreme Overclock (ToxicSettings - enhanced settings - Overclock Extreme); made sure all cores stay online (helps keep efficiency default mode snappy) :)

And please, let me know how it runs, especially Extreme OC enabled for gaming!!..
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Update : I added msm core control to kernel so phone doesn't get hot. Link above and OP updated, 70X1C 8 overclocked. You can just dirty flash if you're already running toxic rom.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
For the next update I'd like to debloat the rom more, even take out the gear and vr oculus apps, please give me some feedback on this. I I find most people don't use a lot of samsung crap..
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Cyrax43:
Yes please, let's stay on bare minimum! let's make the most out of our beloved s7 edge!
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Okay
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] xmanz:
Not sure why but dirty flashing didn't work stuck in booloop then caches cleared etc still loops. So a complete fresh install and still bootloop…. What you think?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Not sure, installed fine for me. You're using the BL/CP from OP?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Cyrax43:
So I dirty flashed the rom and activated the overclock extreme, didn't bother doing the BL and CP.

glad you removed the Google option, so we don't have to the the tedious work of activating it, rebooting, then finding out more problems on it, lol.

Overclock is nice, no problem with gaming, what I noticed though is GOVTUNER isn't working. Is it because of the overclocking?

and one problem i encountered is after installing the rom, my wifi signal sucks. I usually have full bars in my office and in my room but after installing the rom, i have almost 1 bar to none, and I hardly receive other signals which I usually get before.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Glad you like it! Yes the govt sticks with on demand, you can add your own gov with an init script if you like, but on demand seems best. Don't know about wifi, works perfectly for me :/ Maybe clear dalvik?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
How's battery life on Overclock Extreme?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] Cyrax43:
Good, as overclocking goes, but i went back to the old rom, and it fixed the wifi problem, back to full signals and I hsve signals to other wifis in the area.

Weird lol
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
OP updated with latest, Debloated and Bloated :)
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
That is weird, maybe you should try reinstalling, I get every wifi connection in my building (attached), but here if you just want OC you can flash the kernel only: https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=13356325061477269700
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] dani2191:
Followed the steps on "ROOT YOUR CURRENT ROM".

No luck when trying to root Stock Oreo Rom (Hong Kong (TGY) - ZHU firmware - G9350ZHU2CRF5) on my SM-G9350.

I've been trying every solution from every threads for the past week and can't root with either Magisk nor SuperSU

If someone managed to root SM-G9350 on that specific firmware, please let me know.

I'd rather not use a custom firmware.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] peacock93:
Hi,

Quick question. Will these files, ROM and instructions work for a AT&T G935A Galaxy S7 Edge?

Thanks
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Just flash twrp and the latest superuser
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Sorry no, you need engroot. Your bootloader is locked
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] dani2191:
That's the first thing I tried. It does not work.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Should. Did you flash crom? And oem unlock? And format data, then use es file explorer to edit fsta to get rid of data encryption, then format data against and flash su again?
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Use this su:

https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=890129502657594559

Then if data encrypts again, go back several pages in this thread until you find the comment about fstab and disabling encryption. You'll need es root explorer to do this, then you'll need to reformat data again and flash su again.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] dani2191:
This is what I've tried so far:

flash stock oreo

enabled OEM (though It's already enabled) and installed CROM

flashed TWRP via Odin then rebooted into recovery

wiped data, flashed SuperSU reboot to system

bootloop

flash stock oreo

enabled OEM and installed CROM

flashed TWRP via Odin then rebooted into recovery

wiped data, reboot to recovery again.

flashed SuperSU then reboot to system.

bootloop

flash stock oreo

enabled OEM and installed CROM

flashed TWRP via Odin then rebooted into recovery

wiped data, reboot to recovery again.

flashed no-verity-opt-encrypt.

flashed SuperSU then reboot to system.

bootloop

Tried same thing but with Magisk instead. Bootloop.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Use the su I posted above, and flash crom6.apk first, you need that
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] dani2191:
I'll try with that su.

When you say flash crom apk, what do you mean?

Because what I do is install the crom.apk and open it.

And OEM is always enabled everytime I check in developer options.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Okay, that's what I meant, just install crom. So flash that su now. You will need to go back through the posts to find what to edit to get rid of data encryption
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] dani2191:
Done everything but It just won't boot to system after flashing su.

Tried wiping data before flashing su, flashing su without wiping data, rebooting into recovery inbetween.

Same as always.

I'm done for the moment. I guess I'll just stay stock & unrooted.

Thanks anyway.
[Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Guides, News, & Discussion] davecotefilm:
Any feedback on the new kernel? Personally I'm loving it, both oc extreme and efficient modes.