[Asus Transformer TF700] sbdags:
Yes that's your problem - you no longer have a valid /system, /cache or /data partitions. Now that is either as they have been removed or because they are not formatted as ext4.

Mounting System.....
about to run program [/sbin/busybox] with 3 args
mount: mounting /system on ext4 failed: No such file or directory
run_program: child exited with status 255

This would indicate they are still ext4 but it could be that it is trying to load them that way:

I:Processing '/cache'
I:Unable to mount '/cache'
I:Actual block device: '', current file system: 'ext4'

I:Processing '/data'
I:Unable to mount '/data'
I:Actual block device: '', current file system: 'ext4'
I:Unable to mount '/data'
I:Actual block device: '', current file system: 'ext4'
E:Primary block device '/dev/block/mmcblk0p8' for mount point '/data' is not present!
E:Unable to mount '/data'

Updating partition details...
E:Unable to mount '/system'
I:Actual block device: '', current file system: 'ext4'
E:Unable to mount '/cache'
I:Actual block device: '', current file system: 'ext4'
E:Unable to mount '/data'
I:Actual block device: '', current file system: 'ext4'
I:Unable to mount '/external_sdcard'
I:Actual block device: '', current file system: 'vfat'
...done
I:Unable to mount '/data'
I:Actual block device: '', current file system: 'ext4'
E:Unable to mount internal storage.
I:Unmounting main partitions...

Then this concerns me:

Partition Logs:
/system | | Size: 0MB Used: 0MB Free: 0MB Backup Size: 0MB
Flags: Can_Be_Mounted Can_Be_Wiped Can_Be_Backed_Up Wipe_Available_in_GUI
Primary_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk0p1
Display_Name: System
Storage_Name: System
Backup_Path: /system
Backup_Name: system
Backup_Display_Name: System
Storage_Path: /system
Current_File_System: ext4
Fstab_File_System: ext4
Backup_Method: files

/cache | | Size: 0MB Used: 0MB Free: 0MB Backup Size: 0MB
Flags: Can_Be_Mounted Can_Be_Wiped Can_Be_Backed_Up Wipe_During_Factory_Reset Wipe_Available_in_GUI
Primary_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk0p2
Display_Name: Cache
Storage_Name: Cache
Backup_Path: /cache
Backup_Name: cache
Backup_Display_Name: Cache
Storage_Path: /cache
Current_File_System: ext4
Fstab_File_System: ext4
Backup_Method: files

/misc | | Size: 0MB
Flags:
Primary_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk0p3
Display_Name: misc
Storage_Name: misc
Backup_Path: /misc
Backup_Name: misc
Backup_Display_Name: misc
Storage_Path: /misc
Current_File_System: emmc
Fstab_File_System: emmc
Backup_Method: dd

/staging | | Size: 0MB
Flags:
Primary_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk0p4
Display_Name: staging
Storage_Name: staging
Backup_Path: /staging
Backup_Name: staging
Backup_Display_Name: staging
Storage_Path: /staging
Current_File_System: emmc
Fstab_File_System: emmc
Backup_Method: dd

/data | | Size: 0MB Used: 0MB Free: 0MB Backup Size: 0MB
Flags: Can_Be_Mounted Can_Be_Wiped Can_Be_Backed_Up Wipe_During_Factory_Reset Wipe_Available_in_GUI Can_Be_Encrypted Has_Data_Media Can_Encrypt_Backup Use_Userdata_Encryption Is_Storage Is_Settings_Storage Ignore_Blkid
Symlink_Path: /data/media
Symlink_Mount_Point: /sdcard
Primary_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk0p8
Length: -16384
Display_Name: Data
Storage_Name: Internal Storage
Backup_Path: /data
Backup_Name: data
Backup_Display_Name: Data
Storage_Path: /data/media
Current_File_System: ext4
Fstab_File_System: ext4
Backup_Method: files

/recovery | | Size: 0MB
Flags:
Primary_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk0p9
Display_Name: Recovery
Storage_Name: recovery
Backup_Path: /recovery
Backup_Name: recovery
Backup_Display_Name: Recovery
Storage_Path: /recovery
Current_File_System: emmc
Fstab_File_System: emmc
Backup_Method: dd

/boot | | Size: 0MB
Flags: Can_Be_Backed_Up
Primary_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk0p10
Display_Name: Boot
Storage_Name: boot
Backup_Path: /boot
Backup_Name: boot
Backup_Display_Name: Boot
Storage_Path: /boot
Current_File_System: emmc
Fstab_File_System: emmc
Backup_Method: dd

/external_sdcard | | Size: 0MB Used: 0MB Free: 0MB Backup Size: 0MB
Flags: Can_Be_Mounted Can_Be_Wiped Wipe_Available_in_GUI Removable Is_Storage
Primary_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk1p1
Alternate_Block_Device: /dev/block/mmcblk1
Display_Name: Micro SDcard
Storage_Name: Micro SDcard
Backup_Path: /external_sdcard
Backup_Name: external_sdcard
Backup_Display_Name: Micro SDcard
Storage_Path: /external_sdcard
Current_File_System: vfat
Fstab_File_System: vfat
Backup_Method: files

That means all partitions are listed as 0MB....

I think we need [MENTION=5123642]lj50036[/MENTION] or [MENTION=4878287]_that[/MENTION] to add their input from here. I've never seen anything like that before.

I'd like to recommend that you need to rebuild everything over adb first but want to get their input first. Whatever you do don't wipe anything from the bootloader please.

---------- Post added at 11:00 PM ---------- Previous post was at 10:57 PM ----------

If it is the Samsung Extreme Pro UHS-1 (80MB/s) I'm afraid it's not compatible with rom2sd (as you have found out) :(