[AT&T Samsung Galaxy S 4 General] Aou:
Here is a list of everything that the patch does, in plain English:

Checks to see if you are running I337UCUAMDL

Does an integrity check on pretty much the entire /system (at least all the files it will be patching)

The following files are deleted:

/system/app/AttShortcuts_ATT.odex

/system/app/KNOXStore.apk "/system/app/KNOXStore.odex

/system/bin/rtccd

/system/containers/sec_container_1.zzzKnoxLauncherMain.apk

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libcrypto.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libcrypto.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/com.sec.knox.store/

/system/etc/secure_storage/com.sec.knox.store/ss_id

/system/etc/system_fonts_sbrowser.xml

/system/lib/libAppAuthCore.so

/system/lib/libAppDataSearch.so

/system/lib/lib_SA_GoogleFX_ver119d.so

/system/lib/lib_SamsungRec_V03010.so

/system/lib/lib_SoundAlive_V01013k.so

/system/lib/libaudiosa.so "/system/lib/libload_strings.so

/system/lib/libsharevia.so "/system/lib/libsharevia_jni.so

/system/lib/modules/tima_debug_log.ko

/system/tts/lang_SVOXP/lxen-GB0.pil

/system/tts/lang_SVOXP/ppen-GB0.pil

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_uk/samsung_bargein_am_en_uk_alarm_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_uk/samsung_bargein_am_en_uk_cancel_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_uk/samsung_bargein_am_en_uk_music_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_uk/samsung_bargein_grammar_en_uk_alarm_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_uk/samsung_bargein_grammar_en_uk_cancel_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_uk/samsung_bargein_grammar_en_uk_music_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_us/samsung_bargein_am_en_us_alarm_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_us/samsung_bargein_am_en_us_cancel_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_us/samsung_bargein_am_en_us_music_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_us/samsung_bargein_grammar_en_us_alarm_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_us/samsung_bargein_grammar_en_us_cancel_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/en_us/samsung_bargein_grammar_en_us_music_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/ko_kr/samsung_bargein_am_ko_kr_cancel_v2.raw

/system/voicebargeindata/sensory/ko_kr/samsung_bargein_grammar_ko_kr_cancel_v2.raw

/system/CSCVersion.txt "/system/app/SensorService.apk

/system/etc/enforceskippingpackages.txt

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.bin.app_process/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.bin.dexopt/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.bin.kiesexe/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.bin.npsmobex/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.bin.p2p_supplicant/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.bin.vold/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.bin.wpa_supplicant/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libc.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libschromeview.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libsecure_storage.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libsecure_storage_jni.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/com.sec.android.app.Kies/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/ss_config

/system/kern_sec_info "/system/media/video/motion.mp4

/system/media/video/video_help.mp4 "/system/bin/rtcc_init

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libRS.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libRS.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libandroid_runtime.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libandroid_runtime.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libbcc.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libbcc.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libchromium_net.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libchromium_net.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libcutils.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libcutils.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libharfbuzz.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libharfbuzz.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libicui18n.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libicui18n.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.liblog.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.liblog.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libnativehelper.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libnativehelper.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libskia.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libskia.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libstagefright.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libstagefright.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libutils.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libutils.so/ss_id

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libwebcore.so/

/system/etc/secure_storage/.system.lib.libwebcore.so/ss_id

/system/framework/javax.btobex.jar

/system/framework/javax.btobex.odex

/system/lib/libSGIEffect_SmartController.so

/system/lib/libSecAvatar.so

/system/lib/libSmartPhotographer.so

/system/lib/lib_SamsungRec_V03009.so

/system/lib/lib_SoundAlive_V01013h.so

/system/lib/libarcsoft_panorama_videocapture.so

/system/lib/libgoogle_recognizer_jni.so

/system/lib/libpanorama_jni.so

/system/lib/libsensorhubcontext.so

/system/lib/libwshotmNative.so

/system/tts/lang_SVOX/lh0pt2en-US22_sg.pil

/system/tts/lang_SVOX/lh0pt2en-US22_sg_0.pil

/system/tts/lang_SVOX/lh0pt2en-US22_sg_1.pil

/system/tts/lang_SVOX/lh0pt2en-US22en-US_ta.pil

/system/tts/lang_SVOX/svox-lh0pt2en-US22.pil

/system/recovery.img");

The following files are patched:

(Sorry, the file list made my post way too large. See my next post for the full list!)

The NON-HLOS modem image is patched

The MDM modem image is patched

Boot.img is replaced

These two files are deleted:

/system/recovery-from-boot.p

/system/etc/install-recovery.sh

The following files are added to /system:

\system\CSCVersion.txt

\system\kern_sec_info

\system\app\AttShortcuts_ATT.apk

\system\app\AttShortcuts_ATT.odex

\system\app\KNOXStore.apk

\system\app\KNOXStore.odex

\system\app\SensorService.apk

\system\bin\rtccd

\system\containers\sec_container_1.zzzKnoxLauncherMain.apk

\system\etc\enforceskippingpackages.txt

\system\etc\secure_storage

\system\etc\system_fonts_sbrowser.xml

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.app_process

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.dexopt

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.kiesexe

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.npsmobex

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.p2p_supplicant

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.vold

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.wpa_supplicant

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libc.so

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libcrypto.so

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libschromeview.so

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libsecure_storage.so

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libsecure_storage_jni.so

\system\etc\secure_storage\com.sec.android.app.Kies

\system\etc\secure_storage\com.sec.knox.store

\system\etc\secure_storage\ss_config

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.app_process\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.dexopt\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.kiesexe\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.npsmobex\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.p2p_supplicant\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.vold\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.bin.wpa_supplicant\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libc.so\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libcrypto.so\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libschromeview.so\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libsecure_storage.so\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\.system.lib.libsecure_storage_jni.so\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\com.sec.android.app.Kies\ss_id

\system\etc\secure_storage\com.sec.knox.store\ss_id

\system\lib\libAppAuthCore.so

\system\lib\libAppDataSearch.so

\system\lib\libaudiosa.so

\system\lib\libload_strings.so

\system\lib\libsharevia.so

\system\lib\libsharevia_jni.so

\system\lib\lib_SamsungRec_V03010.so

\system\lib\lib_SA_GoogleFX_ver119d.so

\system\lib\lib_SoundAlive_V01013k.so

\system\lib\modules

\system\lib\modules\tima_debug_log.ko

\system\media\video

\system\media\video\motion.mp4

\system\media\video\video_help.mp4

\system\tts\lang_SVOXP

\system\tts\lang_SVOXP\lxen-GB0.pil

\system\tts\lang_SVOXP\ppen-GB0.pil

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_uk

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_us

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\ko_kr

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_uk\samsung_bargein_am_en_uk_alarm_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_uk\samsung_bargein_am_en_uk_cancel_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_uk\samsung_bargein_am_en_uk_music_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_uk\samsung_bargein_grammar_en_uk_alarm_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_uk\samsung_bargein_grammar_en_uk_cancel_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_uk\samsung_bargein_grammar_en_uk_music_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_us\samsung_bargein_am_en_us_alarm_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_us\samsung_bargein_am_en_us_cancel_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_us\samsung_bargein_am_en_us_music_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_us\samsung_bargein_grammar_en_us_alarm_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_us\samsung_bargein_grammar_en_us_cancel_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\en_us\samsung_bargein_grammar_en_us_music_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\ko_kr\samsung_bargein_am_ko_kr_cancel_v2.raw

\system\voicebargeindata\sensory\ko_kr\samsung_bargein_grammar_ko_kr_cancel_v2.raw

New versions of these two files are added back:

/system/recovery-from-boot.p

/system/etc/install-recovery.sh

Some permissions are changed:

set_perm_recursive(0, 0, 0755, 0644, "/system");

set_perm_recursive(0, 2000, 0755, 0755, "/system/bin");

set_perm(0, 1000, 04750, "/system/bin/diag_mdlog");

set_perm(0, 3003, 02750, "/system/bin/netcfg");

set_perm(0, 3004, 02755, "/system/bin/ping");

set_perm(0, 0, 0700, "/system/bin/rtccd");

set_perm(0, 2000, 06750, "/system/bin/run-as");

set_perm(1002, 1002, 0440, "/system/etc/dbus.conf");

set_perm(1014, 2000, 0550, "/system/etc/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-run-hooks");

set_perm(0, 2000, 0550, "/system/etc/init.goldfish.sh");

set_perm(0, 0, 0544, "/system/etc/install-recovery.sh");

set_perm_recursive(0, 0, 0755, 0555, "/system/etc/ppp");

set_perm_recursive(0, 2000, 0755, 0644, "/system/vendor");

set_perm(0, 0, 0644, "/system/vendor/etc/audio_effects.conf");

set_perm_recursive(0, 0, 0755, 0644, "/system/vendor/firmware");

set_perm(0, 2000, 0755, "/system/vendor/firmware");

set_perm_recursive(0, 0, 0755, 0644, "/system/vendor/lib/hw");

set_perm(0, 2000, 0755, "/system/vendor/lib/hw");

set_perm(0, 0, 0644, "/system/vendor/pittpatt/models/detection/multi_pose_face_landmark_detectors.7/left_eye-y0-yi45-p0-pi45-r0-ri20.lg_32/full_model.bin");

set_perm(0, 0, 0644, "/system/vendor/pittpatt/models/detection/multi_pose_face_landmark_detectors.7/nose_base-y0-yi45-p0-pi45-r0-ri20.lg_32/full_model.bin");

set_perm(0, 0, 0644, "/system/vendor/pittpatt/models/detection/multi_pose_face_landmark_detectors.7/right_eye-y0-yi45-p0-pi45-r0-ri20.lg_32-2/full_model.bin");

set_perm(0, 0, 0644, "/system/vendor/pittpatt/models/detection/yaw_roll_face_detectors.6/head-y0-yi45-p0-pi45-r0-ri30.4a-v24/full_model.bin");

set_perm(0, 0, 0644, "/system/vendor/pittpatt/models/detection/yaw_roll_face_detectors.6/head-y0-yi45-p0-pi45-rn30-ri30.5-v24/full_model.bin");

set_perm(0, 0, 0644, "/system/vendor/pittpatt/models/detection/yaw_roll_face_detectors.6/head-y0-yi45-p0-pi45-rp30-ri30.5-v24/full_model.bin");

set_perm(0, 0, 0644, "/system/vendor/pittpatt/models/recognition/face.face.y0-y0-22-b-N/full_model.bin");

set_perm_recursive(0, 2000, 0755, 0755, "/system/xbin");

SBL2 is updated:

sbl2.mbn -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p4

SBL3 is updated:

sbl3.mbn -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p5

ABOOT is updated:

aboot.mbn -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p6

RPMFW is updated:

rpm.mbn -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p7

TZ is updated:

tz.mbn -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p8

/system/build.prop is patched

EDIT: Added parts in red above.