yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[Xperia Z Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] :
I believe that if you have a red sticker of waterproof they wont repair it for free, I bought it from someone else and it works perfectly but..

In the charger white sticker is red instead of white :( and I can see some light going out from the screen meaning there is a small gap in the charger stuff..

Conclusion: Waterproof sticker is red, phone works perfectly but if I have any kind of problem Sony wont take charge due to the red sticker meaning the old user didnt close it correctly before puting it in water? (I've tried it in water and there is no problem at all.. so what does the red sticker mean?)
[Xperia Z Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] DrKrFfXx:
Well, red sticker means that port was exposed to some kind of moisture, or even humidity/water. The flap probably wasn't sealed properly and the sticker turned red.

Some say that Sony still repairs phones with red stickers under warranty if you can prove that there was a defect in water resistance. Meaning you closed the flaps but they still couldn't provide an appropiated seal agains't water. But since you say that they work, you are pretty much screwed, warranty wise.

If you got the phone for cheap, well, live with it. If you got it at full price or close to it, I'd ask for a refund.
[Xperia Z Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] :
so.. if it doesnt work due to this they would probably repair it (due to water)? but if It just stops working or explodes they wouldn't?

then I will have to lie and say I closed correctly but water went in and now it doesnt turn ON!

hope nothinghappens in these 1.5 years of warranty XD
[Verizon Droid Incredible 2] avibp:
ANOTHER "Stuck on White HTC Screen" however, I am not: Rooted. UNLocked. S-OFF or custom ROM'ed.

I am stock ROM, UNrooted, locked, S-on.

All the other threads seem to be something different than mine and either UNlocked, S-Off or ROM Customized so, here I go.

After a factory reset, and a few days I was all set to install frivolous stuff like games. So, off to the play-store to shop. I started one donwload/install and then another install and another and another another another..... seems that you can download/install too many things at one time because, that is when my screen went blank,

I hit the power button to wake it up and it wouldn't.

I held the power button down to boot it back up.... and it didn't.

Removed the battery and it started (whew). Then the starting stopped.

It stuck on the White HTC Screen and has been there since.

I tried the (Vol Down - Power ON) factory reset and it doesn't do anything except lock it up with no screen change and no button movement/control either.

Previously to all of this I had to order a new charging/data port because the existing one only charged. The new port came in and was installed but, I can't get any ROM to load (via ADB). I think this is because I am either locked or s-on or not rooted.

If you haven't figured this out, let me put this simply:

I dunno what I am doing with Droid OS's or phones and need someone to tell me what to do. Step 1, 2, 3, etc I have no idea which steps come in which order OR.... how do to the steps.

I'd say I am a noob but, that is a tad too advanced for me at this point

Here's my set up that I am hoping someone can help me with.

(Verizon) HTC Droid Incredible 2 (ADR6350)

*** LOCKED ***

VIVO_W XB SHIP S-ON RL

HBOOT-0.98.0000

RADIO-1.09.01.1111

eMCC-boot

Jul 10 2011,12:39:36

Since I have already ordered a replacement (and had to send that one back as defective) I can do this recovery any-which-way but really don't want to brick the ol' gal if I can avoid it.

THANKS! ! !

p.s. - If I missed the post/thread that has my problem and configuration, please don't hesitate to link me. thx

</Edit> I also stuck the ROMs that I was trying to use ADB with on the SD card as PG32img.zip's which didn't work. But, I dunno what is and is not supposed to be inside of that file either so..... (at least the data port is working now)<Edit>
[Verizon Droid Incredible 2] Madd-Panda:
Question

Are you looking to Unlock, S-OFF or custom ROM? Or am I correct in assuming you want to keep your phone as stock as possible?
[Verizon Droid Incredible 2] FordNate:
Ok long answer short style. To install a ROM you need root access.

To do any pg321.IMG flashing you need s off.

Can't do both if you don't have either.

So you have adb on your computer? Plug in the phone and type: adb devices . It should give a long number. Type :adb reboot . should reboot the phone. If after typing adb devices n it hangs on waiting for device try another computer port or cable.

I'm unsure if you can factory reset using adb but check around. Might have to do one if possible.
[Verizon Droid Incredible 2] avibp:
The DINC2's connected Via the micro USB to a Windows 7 (32 bit version) computer. (64-bit version is availalbe if needed).

Phone starts with (Vol Down/Power Buttons)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HBOOT in blue/on top

FASTBOOT in blue in the selection choices.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

"Device Manager" as well as "Devices and Printers".

-UNKNOWN DEVICE​

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If Either FASTBOOT OR HBOOT USB is chosen.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

"Devices and Printers" reflect

-Unspecified (1)

-Android 1.0
​

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

When FASTBOOT is selected (is changed to "FASTBOOT USB"(in red)

"Device Manager" reflects

-Android USB Devices

-My HTC​

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

When HBOOT USB is selected (is changed to "HBOOT USB PLUG"(in blue)

"Device Manager" reflects

-Android USB Devices

-Android Bootloader Interface
​

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------​

Both "adb devices" as well as "adb reboot" commands are executed in all three modes and return the following the results

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools>adb devices
* daemon not running. starting it now on port 5037 *
* daemon started successfully *
List of devices attached

C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools>adb devices
List of devices attached

C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools>adb reboot
error: device not found

C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools>

I would suggest these are not good results.

Now I am getting scared that I bricked my phone. Should I be scared?
[Verizon Droid Incredible 2] avibp:
ANY of those choices would be welcome TYVM. Which do you think I should start with seeing that I'm (It's) stuck on the HTC White Screen?
[Verizon Droid Incredible 2] Madd-Panda:
2 options

This link will take you to a very in depth guide on getting your phone rooted with S-OFF. It's got the commands and links to everything you will need. Fairly easy to follow.

I Highly recommend reading that.

However, if your having problems with ADB, you might want to look into the official HTC developer boot unlocker so you can load a custom recovery, and then a ROM, and get back to working phone status.

I have had a lot of trouble with HTC's Dev-unlock, because it does not completely unlock, so you have to flash the boot.img separately, but it is an option, and it's very easy to follow if your new (why I used it)
[Verizon Droid Incredible 2] avibp:
Awesome. Links to short-cuts. Thank you very much !

However, all these things require access to some level of the phone that I don't have yet since I am stuck at the white HTC Screen.

Do you have anything that can get me past that? Seriously. I want to learn how to ROOT, UNLock, S-Off and install custom ROMs but, I have to get my phone back first ! :rolleyes:

<Edit>The HTC Unlocker didn't work before because, again, I am stuck on the white HTC Screen. </Edit>
[Sony Xperia Miro, Tipo (Dual), J, E] realthrash:
when i try to modify the Walkman equalizer appears the following message

"Sound Enchancement has stopped" how i can fix it??

Thanks and sorry for my bad english
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
​

VERSION 23.0.0

PAC-man ROM is a combination of the three Super ROMs Available Paranoid + Aokp + Cyanogen = PACman This ROM packs all the tweaks from the three super ROMs into one. Why Choose Among ROMs , When You have All-In-One !!

FEATURES:
* All in One Rom [CM, AOKP and PA]
* Latest Version 23.0.0
* Some Features from AOKP
* All Feautures from PA
* All Features from CM
* Of course JellyBean 4.2.2

NOT WORKING:
*BT cannot send files
*You tell me

FOR QUESTIONS AND ETA's
[URL="http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?p=44322863#post44322863"]General Discussion for PACrom by UpComingDroids[/URL]

HOW TO INSTALL:
* Download the ROM and GAPPS
* Reboot to Recovery
* Wipe data/factory reset
* Wipe cache, dalvik cache and format system
* Flash the ROM and then GAPPS
* Reboot your phone
* Enjoy

SCREENSHOTS

DOWNLOAD

[CENTER]
[SIZE="4"][URL="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B609_A47rd_KdUVoMk5PWkk3SFU/edit?usp=sharing"]15 August Version[/URL][/SIZE]
[SIZE="3"][URL="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B609_A47rd_KNVNnczJEUEJYS2s/edit?usp=sharing"]19 July Version[/URL][/SIZE]

GAPPS
[URL="http://goo.im/gapps/gapps-jb-20130812-signed.zip"]Latest 4.2.2 Gapps[/URL]

U8800PRO CHANGELOG

15082013:
*Improved gaming
*FIXED SMOOTHNESS PROBLEM
*More stable
*Fixed Videoplayback
*Updated to latest PAC sources for 4.2.2
19072013:
*WiFi working (MAC adress fixed)
*Camera working
*Audio working
*Smooth improvement(last version)
*RAM managament improved

CREDITS

* CyanogenMod Team
* ParanoidAndroid Team
* AOKP Team
* PAC Team
* szl.kiev
* Ivan (qiwu)
* Pikachukaki
* Special Thanks to Sniper

[/CENTER]
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Full Changelog
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] sniper:
There is no official support for the u8800pro at this time.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] binoj.6066:
You pepole are had workers. Now a days lots of rom. Keep the good work.

Sent from my U8800pro
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
My head just blew off. [MENTION=2225255]herna[/MENTION] what kernel is this ROM using? Is bluetooth fully working? Approx time of release? Many ROMs these days :P

Sent with my Huawei S4 running Android 5.0.1 KLP
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Still thinking if use 3.0.62 or 3.0.85 :D I am gonna fix some little things, will test kernel for short time and will release. You know what happens everytime we spoke about the date of release. I just can say it will be soon :P Is 4:00 AM here on Spain and I am awake since 06:45 from yesterday, have not so much powers for fix all fast, I didn't sleep yet ... :D
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] gleb_grid:
What does it mean - OFFICIAL?
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
Compiled from source from pacman developer :D

Sent with my Huawei S4 running Android 5.0.1 KLP
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Somcom3X:
Officially supported phone by PAC team. Nightlies!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
What?! You mean that whenever a new version will come out we will get it too? :P
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
If I want yes, but because some users the most sure I am gonna stop DEV for that ROM.... I am sorry for all people. That happens when people doesn't respect the work of other people, I am stopping DEVs for any of the ROMs I had ready.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Michalisx5:
Ooo come on!!! Please dont stop dev just because of a stupid guy!!! We support u and we wait for your rom!!!! :)
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
OMG who didn't respect you man?! Please don't stop herna :(
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] gleb_grid:
I agree with Nick
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] pauliuxxx:
pus*y, i say that you better stick on one rom, rather taking all world roms and posting them while they are unstable like sh*t, everybody respect your work because we don't have a lot of devs, practicly we DONT HAVE DEVS, so if you even using u8800pro, we respect that.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] season 8:
Well, so sad that team tauraus doesn't work for u8800-nonpro, u8800pro has a lot of jelly bean ROMs, include Pac-man Rom

however, fingting!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Coming back on working on PACrom 23.0.0 :P
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Moihack:
Does WiFi work correctly for users who have null mac address on ivan's cm10.1 release?

Also can we have a screenshoot about free ram?

About baseband unknown error I see in one of the screenshoots. Is this solved ?

If not, you can use forumber2 solution at my CM10.1 thread. I will probably apply here as well!

Keep it up and don't stop development!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Yes, wifi is fixed for mac error, and baseband too. That screenshots are from the beta, and it has 177 MB free.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] macros95:
Herna,when you give link?
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] objr:
Herna, You are F**in Awesome <3

U definitely did the right thing ;)

We all rely on you... you know!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
I am making wifi to work and testing things :D Tonight the most sure it will be ready :D
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
Yes! Herna I knew you would do the right thing! Today you release 23.0.0 with baseband fix and new kernel?
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Yeah I will :P
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] ash1425:
Post Removed
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Michalisx5:
That's why it called beta ;) :p
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
[MENTION=2225255]herna[/MENTION] can you release it in 2 hours or less please? :P
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
No, It needs somethings and I cannot make all tht fast.... I read you PM, but I cannot really, I will release the ROM as soon as I can, but first all must be fixed,
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
Check your PM :/
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Rittik:
Fixing Framework smoothness. Rom will be released soon. The ROM will be nighties or weeklies depending on sources or changes. EXPECT some PAC love :)

Am happy to say Now Our U8800pro is Officially supported by PAC team.

-Rik[Rittik],

Team Taurus Founder.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] hemdroid.1:
WOOW MAN IN SOME OF THE DAYS IN M VERY CONFUSED:confused: TO CHOOSE ROM TO INSTALL there are many roms ..i like it
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] bruenor41:
bluetooth

Hi,

what about bluetooth? Is it working?

thank you
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Rittik:
Yes all including bt,wifi and camera(till now no 3rd party ones sorry :/ ) should be up and running.

-Rik[Rittik],

Team Taurus Founder.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] bruenor41:
wow, that's amazing
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
Bluetooth can send files too? O.O
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] korekore1:
dude that banner of yours is blowin up the screen,do something!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Somcom3X:
I see this forum is in good hands.

Wish luck to all ROM makers.

Have a nice time guys, we've produced more than could be thought of the u8800 series.

Congratulations on official PAC support, I seem to be getting in the way of things for many I guess.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Rittik:
No. Without you Our forums would have been incomplete. Me myself will be closing down both of my CM10 and PAC threads in a couple of days. Will be moving on to samsung, extending Taurus love to samsung :) And SomCom Bro love you always for all of your works :)

P.S ofcourse we will keep in touch ;)

-Rik[Rittik],

Team Taurus Founder.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] macros95:
Rittik, How's moves work?
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Rittik:
Moves?.. Its official release. Ofcourse this will be Smooth.

-Rik[Rittik],

Team Taurus Founder.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] CrysisLTU:
So, when will this be released?
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] ash1425:
Lol!! Rittik, tumhari signature mast hai:) (Your signature is awesome). noticed just now.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Rittik:
Thank you Bhaisahb. Aap kaun ho? :P

-Rik[Rittik],

Team Taurus Founder.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
Herna upload the ROM please :P
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] macros95:
Herna upload the ROM please :P
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] crazykxx:
Come on!!plz!

herna,I havd waited this for 4 days.

I beg you!PLZ release the download link!

I love your PAC-MAN ROM for u8800 pro!

It's very nice!!

I'm using with pac-man 22.0.0 now ,but MAC is 0,wifi cant work.

PLZ!!!!:crying:
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] CrysisLTU:
I don't think any of us want a buggy ROM, so let's give herna some time to fix things. Don't rush him.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
BETA VERSION RELEASED! Now I am trying to compile new version with all fixes, just I am getting some problems on compiling so I decided to release the BETA version. It has so much bugs as you can check on U8800PRO CHANGELOG, but at least No baseband is easy to fix. I somebody wanna the fix for it just PM [MENTION=4949683]cuvetto[/MENTION] and he will help you, ENJOY!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] gleb_grid:
Why it become UNOFFICIAL?!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Until I get the fully working PACrom it will be called UNOFFICIAL.

Enviado desde mi U8800Pro usando Tapatalk 4 Beta
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
BETA VERSION 2 RELEASED!!!!

Look on the #1 post, so much more things fixed! The only three bugs are beeing fixed on the compiling ROM I am doing now :D
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] macros95:
Herna,Tell me why the team PAC-ROM removed the support of our phone of sources, and removed the folder u8800pro with the download page?
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] ash1425:
It will be added again once we cross BETA phase and have fully working ROM. Why official page will contain partial/BETA ROM?

PS: Herna answered it already : see post # 51

---------- Post added at 11:10 AM ---------- Previous post was at 10:46 AM ----------

I was downloading BETA 2---- Cancelled it after seeing final version being uploaded. :)

Thanks a ton Herna
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
FINAL RELEASE IS READY!! I UPLOADED THE #1 POST WITH SCREENSHOTS AND CHANGELOG. I am uploading ROM and as so soon as I put the files for beeing official I will give the link. All is working on that ROM.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Brenson:
FINAL RELEASE

Uploading

loads the ROM in the morning? :P
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] albertodelavega:
Already 3.0.8 kernel? Why not 3.0.83?

Inviato dal mio U8800Pro con Tapatalk 2
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Fixing some troubles with wifi drivers on my 3.0.62 :D But do not worry, it is working awesome good. When I finish with the new kernel I will compile with new one :D I need to take a brake, I didn't sleep yet and need a little oxygen :D
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] albertodelavega:
:D

Inviato dal mio U8800Pro con Tapatalk 2
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Brenson:
:D
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] macros95:
zaebis
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] resudo:
Herna can I flash there final release over pacman 22.0.0 without full wipe? Also what kernel does it use and Bluetooth fully working?

Sent with my Huawei S4 running Android 5.0.1 KLP
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Can you be little patient,please?

Enviado desde mi U8800Pro usando Tapatalk 4 Beta
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Is different version, you must make clean install. And BT I am trying to fix, having some little problems with it.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Okay guys! I am gonna release FINAL VERSION! Do not worry couse on post it says Unnofficial, I am having some problems with my PC and cannot make today for it be officially supported. When I am free I will do, but the ROM is the same like if it is official :D Just say you I hope you to like it, I worked so much and so hard for it. Also wanna say that if there are some bugs please, to people PM me, not put here. There are some bugs like videoplayback or BT I am trying to fix now, but need time :) Just please no ETAs and bugs on thread, if somebody post here a bug I will not read it or reply. SO JUST ENJOY AND FULLY WORKING PACman 23.0.0 .
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] albertodelavega:
sorry but if say the rom is fully working and one line before say there are 2 bugs the rom isn't fully working:=) at least, good work to fix all:)
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Brenson:
in download :D
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
When I say fully working I mean about WiFi and smoothness. You can play videos with another player like MXVideo one, I mean is a little bug and is easy to fix :P Hopes you like!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Sxiperio:
Where that link goes with the GAPPS from first post?
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] albertodelavega:
ahhh ok:) bravo herna!:D
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Sgherbis:
I'm so excited for this rom! :laugh: The installation procedure is the same of every rom (4.1 ecc), right? I can't find it in first post
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
The installation procedure is before Screenshots :P
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Rittik:
Herna i just would tell you to add these steps at the process of installation at the OP.

Guys please use these steps for a Safe Alive/Unfried SD card.

-Rik[Rittik],

Team Taurus Founder.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Brenson:
Herna ...... there is a problem ..... the ROM and slow ..... then on settings you see too little much I hurt your eyes by dint of looking in small ... cie .. to see normal??

EDIT: found a way Herna quiet guys all ok ....... ok now you see ... I adjusted with the setting: P

---------- Post added at 07:15 PM ---------- Previous post was at 07:14 PM ----------

Herna I congratulate you for the ROM ...... I've tried many but this is the best of XDA ....... congratulations to all ..... now I feel things alre ...... . again congratulations;) :good::good::good::good::good::good::good:
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Rittik:
Lol wut? best of xda?? Thats a pretty wierd thing to say mate

-Rik[Rittik],

Team Taurus Founder.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Brenson:
I speak for U8800 PRO ........ for me this ROM and the most beautiful ...... for me.
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
FOUND ONE PROBLEM WITH AUDIO! I AM GOING ON FIX IT! So now I must called that release as BETA one until I fix the sound problem. sorry for the inconveniences :(

EDIT: FIXED!!!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] albertodelavega:
Where sTHE fix?

Inviato dal mio U8800Pro con Tapatalk 2
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
UPLOADED LATEST VERSION FIXED!

Enviado desde mi U8800Pro usando Tapatalk 4 Beta
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Brenson:
in download: P

EDIT: due to the consumption of ram? Now try this version but with other gapps installed with my remaining 50 megs free
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] popeyene:
What type of problem there is with the bluetooh?

thank you very much for your work, herna :)
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
It cannot send anything, or at least I think that :D
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] forumber2:
Videoplayback on gallery

It isn't causing by gallery. Hardware Video Decoder isn't working. You should change it to

Hardware Video Decoder isn't working
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] macros95:
herna, how to fix lags when you touch the screen
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] ash1425:
ROM is very good, need little more work(which is already in progress).

1. UI Lagginess : Most probably framework.ja issue- Which was there in IVANs first ever CM10(Check boxes remain highlighted.)

2. <Removed this point>

3. Video codecs issue- Can be easily overcome by installing mxplayer.

If you can compromise with BT for couple of days- Its a daily driver ROM according to me.

Nova launcher is dammn slow on this ROM and Trebuchet Rocks on this ROM !!!
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] Brenson:
(Ultima modifica di herna; Oggi alle 00:48) and added a new version ? however, the ROM and very slow ..... you should see her for a moment ....
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] famula:
BT Handsets are working?
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
Why better do not you try and say us? And please I said forbidden ETAs, before ask please read the thread, THANK YOU!

Enviado desde mi U8800Pro usando Tapatalk 4 Beta
[Huawei Ideos X5 U8800] herna:
For me the ROM is working perfect. In a little I will record a video and show you :) I have not any,but any problem, and SLOW? ARE YOU JOKING? really I think you didn't install good the ROM

Enviado desde mi U8800Pro usando Tapatalk 4 Beta