[Sprint Samsung Galaxy S 4 General] autoprime:
One of my standard threads with codes and info. I will add onto this as I find more.

Dialer Codes

##25327# - nothing?
##2539# - nothing?
##3282# - DATA
##33284# - DEBUG (Password: 777468 / SPRINT)
##3424# - DIAG
##367738# - DNSSET
##4772579# - GPSCLRX
##72786# - SCRTN
##786# - RTN
##889# - TTY
*#0011# - Service Mode
*#7284#
**7838 - nothing?
**583 - nothing?

Stole some codes from [B][URL="http://xdaforums.com/member.php?u=2698939"]thekingofmean[/URL][/B]'s thread [URL="http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=2261538"]here[/URL]. Thank you!

*#0*# General Test Mode
*#0228# Battery status
*#06# IMEI
*#1234# Check HW/SW Info, PDA, CSC, MODEM (F/W Ver)
*#12580*369# SW & HW Info
*#2663# TSP / TSK firmware update
*#34971539# Camera Firmware Update
*#7353# Quick Test Menu
*#9900# Sys Dump Menu
*#9090# Diag Config

AT Commands

See here for AT command info from E:V:A

AT+SYSSLEEP
AT+VERSNAME
AT+MAXPOWER
AT+TEMPTEST
AT+SIMDETEC
AT+PRODCODE
AT+CALIDATE
AT+BANSELCT
AT+SECNRSSI
AT+READRSSI
AT+CALLCONN
AT+SCMMONIT
AT+TESTMODE
AT+GPSSTEST
AT+MSLSECUR
AT+IMEITEST
AT+AKSEEDNO
AT+LIFETIME
AT+IMEICERT
AT+LVOFLOCK
AT+DETALOCK
AT+LOCKREAD
AT+CFUN
AT+MEIDAUTH
AT+CHNSELCT
AT+AOTKEYWR
AT+FACTORST
AT+BAKUPCHK
AT+FAILDUMP
AT+NAMCHECK
AT+PRLVERIF
AT+RECONDIT
AT+KSTRINGB
AT+SVCBANDB
AT+LOCKINFO
AT+EFSSYNCC
AT+$QCSIMSTAT
AT+$QCPBMPREF
AT+$CREG
AT+$CCLK
AT+$QCCNMI
AT+*CNTI
AT+$QCCLR
AT+$QCDMR
AT+$QCDNSP
AT+$QCDNSS
AT+$QCTER
AT+$QCSLOT
AT+$QCSIMAPP
AT+$QCPINSTAT
AT+$QCPDPP
AT+$QCPDPLT
AT+$QCPWRDN
AT+$QCDGEN
AT+$QCPDPCFGE
AT+$BREW
AT+$QCANTE
AT+$QCRPW
AT+$QCSQ
AT+$CSQ
AT+$QCSYSMODE
AT+$QCCTM
AT+$QCBANDPREF
AT+^PREFMODE
AT+^SYSINFO
AT+^SYSCONFIG
AT+^CARDMODE
AT+^DSCI
AT+$QCVOLT
AT+$QCHWREV
AT+$QCBOOTVER
AT+$ECALL
AT+$QCDEFPROF
AT+$QCMRUE
AT+$QCMRUC
AT+$QCAPNE
AT+$QCPDPIMSCFGE
AT+$QCCLAC
AT+^SPN
AT+$QCRMCALL
AT+$QCDRX
AT+$MDN
AT+$MSID
AT+$MIPERR
AT+$1XRXPWR
AT+$1XECIO
AT+$DORXPWR
AT+$DOSINR
AT+$DEBUG
AT+$ERI
AT+FCLASS
AT+ICF
AT+IFC
AT+IPR
AT+GMI
AT+GMM
AT+GMR
AT+GCAP
AT+GSN
AT+CMEE
AT+WS46
AT+PACSP
AT+CLCC

Partition List

Thanks to balistic2 for providing this.

root@android:/ # ls -al /dev/block/platform/msm_sdcc.1/by-name/

lrwxrwxrwx root aboot -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p6
lrwxrwxrwx root apnhlos -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p1
lrwxrwxrwx root backup -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p23
lrwxrwxrwx root boot -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p20
lrwxrwxrwx root cache -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p18
lrwxrwxrwx root carrier -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p28
lrwxrwxrwx root efs -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p10
lrwxrwxrwx root fota -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p22
lrwxrwxrwx root fsg -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p24
lrwxrwxrwx root hidden -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p27
lrwxrwxrwx root m9kefs1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p13
lrwxrwxrwx root m9kefs2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p14
lrwxrwxrwx root m9kefs3 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p15
lrwxrwxrwx root mdm -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p2
lrwxrwxrwx root modemst1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p11
lrwxrwxrwx root modemst2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p12
lrwxrwxrwx root pad -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p9
lrwxrwxrwx root param -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p19
lrwxrwxrwx root persdata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p26
lrwxrwxrwx root persist -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p17
lrwxrwxrwx root recovery -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p21
lrwxrwxrwx root rpm -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p7
lrwxrwxrwx root sbl1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p3
lrwxrwxrwx root sbl2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p4
lrwxrwxrwx root sbl3 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p5
lrwxrwxrwx root ssd -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p25
lrwxrwxrwx root system -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p16
lrwxrwxrwx root tz -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p8
lrwxrwxrwx root userdata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p29

AOSP Diag Mode

Make script or run in Script Manager. See here for more diag mode info.

#/system/bin/sh

#reboot phone to disable

#enables diag mode
echo "0" /sys/class/android_usb/android0/enable
echo "04E8" /sys/class/android_usb/android0/idVendor
echo "685D" /sys/class/android_usb/android0/idProduct
echo "diag,diag_mdm" /sys/class/android_usb/android0/f_diag/clients
echo "hsic" /sys/class/android_usb/android0/f_acm/acm_transports
echo "diag,acm,adb" /sys/class/android_usb/android0/functions
echo "1" /sys/module/ci13xxx_msm/parameters/streaming
echo "1" /sys/class/android_usb/android0/enable