yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] n.p.:
I see now how to attach a file. Don't know how to filter a logcat, though. There is a lot of irrelevant stuff (and even information I would rather not see associated with me on the internet).

I have conceded that the contacts are permanently gone from this device. I don't sync anything with Google (privacy reasons), but have a superset of the contacts from the p5110 (since this isn't a phone, and I use it mostly to talk with a few people through encrypted messaging apps) on another device (and now have a .vcf from that device offline).

My biggest concern is just getting the contacts app working again, and I don't really have any idea how to do that.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] john99ap:
Try clean flashing the previous build. It might be a rom problem and not yours.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] M4tEUSh:
any solution for a broken hotspot on kitkat roms?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
Use 6.0 rom
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] ze7zez:
You did not write whether you mean P31xx or P51xx.

On my P3110 Wi-Fi Hotspot works well in the following Android 4.4.4 KitKat ROMs:

2017-11-10 CyanogenMod 11 unoffical by [MENTION=5227588]Deltadroid[/MENTION]

2016-06-12 CyanogenMod 11 Nightly
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] n.p.:
Can you define "clean flashing?" Does that mean wiping system and data?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] cityneversleepz:
A clean flash at a minimum means wipe Dalvik cache, cache, system and data. Most do it least 3 times. Sometimes if it's a serious issue I format data or even factory reset, but I wouldn't do that unless a basic clean flash didn't fix whatever was wrong.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] rokh1:
I installed ua_espresso-7.1.2-20171228-0338. Don't have a clue what I did wrong, but I have no browser, no play store, and I'm having great difficulty finding the settings. I have the TWRP app, but it appears my backups are corrupted. Have I created a frisbee?:confused:
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] cityneversleepz:
I doubt it. If you can still get to TWRP, you should be able to wipe and flash the correct rom and GApps.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
Custom ROMs come without play store for legal reasons, that's why you need to flash gapps on top of the ROM.

UA is almost pure AOSP, only device specific code changes, a file manager isn't part of AOSP source.

AOSP browser was removed for security reasons.

(On N google replaced it with a shell we also removed because it's not useful).
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] ze7zez:
The file manager is still available.

Setings -> Storage -> Internal shared storage -> Explore -> [Your folder] -> [Your file]

You can do the following:

- Save File As

- Make Folder

- Delete file(s)

- Delete folder(s)

- Select

- Copy to...

- Move to...

- Rename

- Open with

- Install apk

- and other
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] rokh1:
,nougat insta'll continu÷d

Well I wiped everything. When I try to install a zip, it says the file is invalid. Do I need the md5 files also?:confused:
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] john99ap:
No you don't need the md5. The zip might be corrupted, just download it again. Also make sure the zip is compatible with your device.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] rokh1:
OK I'll/ etc that again. At this point I have no issues on my tab2 10.1. Is tha/ part of the problem?

---------- Post added at 05:41 PM ---------- Previous post was at 05:37 PM ----------

#&^!!** predictive text! Should read I'll get the file again. Is not having an os installed part of the problem?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] john99ap:
That depends on the zip you are flashing. If you are installing a new rom for example, you should have first deleted the old one. If you are installing gapps or magisk or something similar, you need an os installed first. After all gapps and magisk need an os to work, there's no point in flashing them alone;)
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] rokh1:
nougat insta'll continued

I can't even get it to come to the bootloader. Guess it's dead. Oh well I sure got my money's worth! Thanks for the help guys. I'm just going to bury it with honors. ;)
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] M4tEUSh:
i mean p3100, thanks for the guidance

These and 7 roms are a bit laggy on this old device.

It's possible to build lineage 11 rom from newest sources with hotspot fix?

I can try to make my own build and test it but it's many repos and i dont know which will be the best and how fix it.

Later i try put hostapd files from this cm 11 to lineage 11. Maybe it will help, or someone has already tried it?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
The problem seems to be related to the new bcmdhd. There might be stuff missing in hostapd maybe because it's working fine on 6.0. you could try using any 6.0 hostapd
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] ze7zez:
It was already mentioned on the occasion of P3110 (#1776, #1777), but it did not work.

It's a shame that [MENTION=5227588]Deltadroid[/MENTION] does not give any hints.

I wonder [MENTION=4662174]M4tEUSh[/MENTION]'s answer,

will this trick work in his P3100.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
Deltadroid is using the old bcmdhd, that's the "secret", I am not going to switch back to it only because of KitKat.

---------- Post added at 10:47 PM ---------- Previous post was at 10:40 PM ----------

Well, if you know how to play around with ramdisk, feel free to play around with the init.espresso.rc

https://github.com/LineageOS/androi...84004e2#diff-7757ae3d5fee7079ec3e1c9d061f4d29

Look at:

service p2p_supplicant /system/bin/wpa_supplicant \

and

service wpa_supplicant /system/bin/wpa_supplicant \

You could try reverting it or applying

https://github.com/LineageOS/androi...3bb004a#diff-7757ae3d5fee7079ec3e1c9d061f4d29
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] ze7zez:
I'm asking seriously.

Is the old bcmdhd worse than the new one?

Or otherwise.

Why is not the new bcmdhd able to function as well as the old one?

Is this a matter of any license?

I'm trying to create a "Frankenstein ROM" SlimKat (for a wi-fi hotspot to work), but it fails.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
"BCMDHD updated to 1.88.45 from 3.4 Kernel source (Note:*The Samsung BCMDHD used to read the factory MAC address from /efs. Accessing the filesystem in-kernel is a very bad practice, but what can we expect from Samsung? We now calculate the MAC address based on the SoC Die ID: this is unique for all devices, and ensures that the same device will always have the same MAC address, not a randomly generated one.)"

It also misses some security updates and has samsungchanges in it you don't need.

The issue is specific to 4.4, so it could be updating the ramdisk works.

You can find Android Image Kitchen here which makes it easy for you to play around:

https://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=2073775

Note: you need a Texteditor supporting Linux EOL, e.g. Notepad++
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] M4tEUSh:
I replaced the hostapd file in the lineage-11-20171126-1223-UNOFFICIAL-espresso3g to the one from cm-11-20171110-NIGHTLY-p3110 build by Deltadroid and wifi hotspot works :) I can provide logs if anyone wants, or test it yourself.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
Thanks, if this works I have an idea what's the issue. I'll run a SlimKat build later
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] ze7zez:
Thank you for your great efforts to solve the problem.

My tests do not bring much.

Slim after clean installation does not start the radio on P3110.

After inserting hostapd from CM11, the radio turns on and AndroidAP is broadcast.

Unfortunately, after entering the password, no communication is established.

After disabling and re-enabling Hotspot, the service is no longer available.

I have not tested with anykernel.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] MorenK1:
Hi, I've upgraded my 5110 to Android 7.1 with LineageOS 14.1 a few weeks ago to try and get something out of it.

It's quite slow and laggy but I only use it to read books so it gets the job done. To try and pump up the performaces and make the battery last longer I installed a couple apps like LSpeed and Kernel Adiutor: I set everything to improve performance wneh the tablet was in use and to improve batery life when it was not. I put it in Airplane mode, connected to the Wifi but the batery strted draining randomly. I found the culprit to be the "Aggressive Doze" functionality of LSpeed and I got rid of it. The battery was fine for a while and it got back at draining a bit later, I suspected it to be a wakelock starting the CPU at random, so I tried blocking the most common ones, but it didn't seem to work that well, it randomly starts draining and heating up with no apparent cause; I set, in the developer options, the Background Brocesses to None and to Not Keep Acrtivities, but it still starts to randomly drain.

What can I do? The battery logs are useless, the Tablet doesn't seem to keep track of app usage or stuff like that making it very hard to find the culprit.

On a side note, is there something I can do to improve the performance of the tablet ONLY when it is in use? I dont' care if the battery drains as long as I'm the one draining it and not a random app. Do things like forced GPU rendering or GPU screen composition help or are they useless?

Thanks in advance
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] john99ap:
Nougat builds seem to create problems such as battery drain or lag. You should switch to Marshmallow, it will work fine.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] MorenK1:
Nothing I can do without reflashing the whole system?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] john99ap:
No. It's a problem of the rom which sometimes appear.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] rokh1:
nougat insta'll continued
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] john99ap:
Odin is used to flash the stock rom (.md5 files).

To flash custom roms (.zip) like cm13 you must use twrp.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] rokh1:
Loading rom to blank tablet

I tried loading twrp last night and I get the same response: Failed security check. I truly don't know where to go from here.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Acrivec:
Hello,

I've just replaced my grandma's tablet with new one and I'd like to give this old Galaxy Tab 2 10.1 to my second grandma.

I'm searching for an more up-to-date ROM, possibly as "stock" as possible. I mean, not modified (like cyanogenmod), but stock-like. Lastest official version is 4.2.2, I'm searching for something 5.x maybe 6.x (or even 7.x) which looks as-stock as possible.

Newer android versions are much more optimized, and well, every single free megahertz on this tablet is needed. :P
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] john99ap:
Check out the Unlegacy Android https://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=3410092
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Acrivec:
Anything with touchwiz?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] john99ap:
As far as I know no. Only the 4.2.2. Maybe you can install a touchwiz theme or something similar
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] tetakpatak:
KitKat works the best with this tablet. It is a lot faster and more responsive than last stock 4.2.2 and less massive than android 5+

Latest SlimKat by [MENTION=5153662]Android-Andi[/MENTION] is my high reccomendation for your tab.

tetakpatalked from my A0001-bacon
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] astonishing alvi:
I need help

My GT-P3100 doesn't start up. It is not showing the logo or vibrating while pushing the power button. It is just charging but charging stops when I push the power button. It loads up download mode but not recovery mode. Odin doesn't work and Odin shows the FAIL! sign without no reason. I tried to flash stock rom several times but it shows FIRMWARE UPDATE ENCOUNTERED A PROBLEM. FLASH FIRMWARE VIA SAMSUNG KIES or something and Samsung KIES doesn't work too. It happened after the day I flashed AOSP 7.1.

Please developer brothers help me. What can I do?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] simonegalfano:
now that lineage 13 will no longer be updated, will not the security patch be updated?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] guest4711:
There will be no official weeklys on LOS 13 anymore. But you may include the security updates into the source tree and compile it yourself or find a developer who will do it (and share his work). Or you may switch to another ROM like Omni which is still maintained.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] dokiace:
hey guys, to install custom recovery, do i need to go from ODIN or can i use fastboot? I plugged my tab to my pc and "adb device" is showing my device is connected, when i reload into bootloader, no device is detected, any solution?

or maybe I have to install odin?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] smart-t78:
if you are on stock recovery use odin to flash a custom recovery like twrp.

if you are already on a custom recovery you only need to install a recovery.zip with your current custom recovery
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] guest4711:
Use ODIN to install TWRP on your tab. But switch of the option to reboot after flashing. When booting the stock rom your recovery will probably be overwritten by stock recovery...
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] jhaberman:
AT&T Tab 2 Root/Custom Roms?

Hi,

Long time creeper, first time poster.

I just picked up an AT&T Galaxy Tab 2 (model # SM-T818AZKEATT) and want to get it running Oreo. Is this possible? Is there a way to unlock the bootloader, root, and get custom roms for this model?

I have experience doing this with Motorola and Nexus/Pixel devices but, this is my first Samsung.

Any help is appreciated!
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] smart-t78:
wrong forum here. this is tab 2 forum and not tab s2. your questions are better placed here https://xdaforums.com/tab-s2/help
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] jhaberman:
My bad, thanks!
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Sam Nakamura:
[MENTION=5153662]Android-Andi[/MENTION] erstmal frohe Ostern und ich hoffe bei dir geht es bergauf :)

Today I checked your http://andi34.github.io for latest news from you as I do from time to time and even more since lineageOS 13 builds are on the hold (you'll have your good reasons for this I think), anyways I saw you announcing March security patches for the Tab2 but on LineageOS 11, can this be typo, did you mean lineageOS 13 instead? Checking downloads didn't reveal anything which would make sense to me, that's why I'm asking...

Thanks for all you did, you're appreciated!
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
No typo. There's a lineage11 build from 18.03.2018 with blueborne patches and March asb.

Lineage13 maybe tomorrow or next week.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Sam Nakamura:
Alright, every day something new... Really the first time I even heard of lineageOS 11, I know about your cm11 builds though, anyway I'll check again but atm am more than happy to hear about my favorite baby, lineageOS 13, these are great news - thank you for the fast response and enjoy the few days off!
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] StalkerUnderTheBed:
Do I have to flash Stock Jellybean Bootloader, on my P5110 (espressowifi)? https://androidfilehost.com/?w=files&flid=37699

I've read from old posts that flashing jellybean bootloader would solve some graphical fixes, etc.

I made sure that I was on the latest Stock Jellybean firmware of this tablet, before flashing custom roms.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
Not needed if you have been on JB via OTA in the past. It would only fix graphic glitches on the Bootlogo because of ICS bootloader.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] EEngineer:
I've got a Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10.1, model SGH-T779 for T-Mobile. It's rooted, running stock v4.1.2 Android ROM and it's time to upgrade the ROM. So I first want to install TWRP recovery. I have already installed the official TWRP app from Google Play.

1. Which TWRP recovery .IMG file do I download for the SGH-T779? The TWRP app doesn't list the SGH-T779.

2. Can I flash the TWRP recovery .IMG file using the TWRP app?

Thanks to anyone who can help me!
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] cityneversleepz:
You should use 3.2.0-0 or higher now. You can flash both zip and img from TWRP. For img flashing tap install then the you'll see install zip or install image. It's toggling between the two. Just find your file and flash it. Reboot recovery and you'll see your new version of TWRP
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] EEngineer:
Thank you. I can't find a download for TWRP for the SGH-T779 online, all the links to the download are broken. From the TWRP app, it does not list the T779. It does list the P5100 which has TWRP v2.8.5.

There is an entry in the TWRP app for "Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 (GSM - unverified) - espresso3g" which lists twrp-3.2.1-0-espresso3g.img. Is this safe?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] smart-t78:
dont flash it!! its not for your device. there is nothing for your tab, so you cant upgrade. dont flash stuff from the p-series on your tab, it will brick.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] cityneversleepz:
Deleted. I see this was answered already.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] EEngineer:
Thank you. This explains why I could not find anything on the SGH-T779.

Does this mean I'm stuck on Android v4.1.2?

.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Android-Andi:
Yupp, If you don't like to start development for it
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] EEngineer:
Best I've been able to do for this is:

1. Rooted

2. Installed firewall, blocked most apps

3. Installed SetCPU, changed scheduler to deadline, changed sampling rate to 15000

4. Be very very careful about upgrading apps, upgrades can add little while using lots of CPU

5. Some upgrades with XPosed

With this setup my T779 is snappy and sharp, but some app compatibility issues due to v4.1.2. (ex: AT&T Uverse app sucks & won't work)
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] ShapesBlue:
Hence why triangle away is such a useful app

Sent from my GT-P3113
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] 64_35:
flashed a wrong cwm recovery

i flashed a cwm recovery of gt-p3100 to my gt-p3110. now im stucked in start-up and it keeps restarting. i can't turn it off, because of this i can't go to recovery mode nor download mode. help me pls :( im new here..
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] MultipleMonomials:
Try holding power + volume up (away from the power button) for 30s.

Posted from my Galaxy Tab 2 with CM10.1
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] mirroalex:
my question is here please anybody help me

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=2209059
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] premudriy:
My (first) tablet is Tab 2 7 (P3113). I've rooted/flashed many roms before on my HTC Evo 3D and old LG Optimus. I recall seeing some post before which stated that a certain combination of rom+recovery will cause brick if user does "Factory Data Reset" from the normal OS UI (sorry, it was long ago and I don't remember the details). In other words if I for example would have CWM recovery and ROM XYZ, then boot the ROM and do Factory Data Reset from Android then I would end up with a brick.

So my question: is there anything like this that I should know about this tablet?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] bass_me:
Help developer options grayed out ?

Hi

I have a GT-P3113 new with 4.1.1 factory installed. Rooted and CWM installed with instructions and files from this thread

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1880010

I can't access any of the developer options as they are all grayed out. Is this normal for 4.1.1 on this tab? When I connect the tab to my PC and go to the notification bar for USB options, I only see connect as "media MTP" or "Camera PTP" under the listing.

Any ideas?

TIA for any help and suggestions

Thanks
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] premudriy:
I'm sorry if I might be telling you the obvious thing that you have already tried first-hand. Please no offense, but did you slide the litter slider in the top-right of the screen when you are in Settings->Developer Options? Unless that slider is in the "on" position all the options are grayed. I hope it helps.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] bass_me:
premudriy

That was it! Thanks much, I don't know how I missed the slider. Sometimes I guess I overlook the obvious.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] DarkStryder:
Open your eyes mate! :p:rolleyes:
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] loldroid23:
Has anyone attempted to undervolt their p31xx? If so can you tell me what is the 'safe zone' for undervolting? I really don't want to screw the tablet up. I'm using cm10.1 with blackhawk kernel(overclocked to 1.2 GHz).
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] junpeikawada:
can we have floating touch?
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] ketut.kumajaya:
http://xdaforums.com/showpost.php?p=39870121&postcount=479
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Tizaro:
never mind, i kept looking and found my answer
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] nix4096:
I have just bought a p3110 and I cannot enable the Developer options menu.

All are greyed out so I cannot tick USB Deugging, for instance.

I have tried all the hints from the net of going to About device and

tapping Model number many times (up to 75) to no effect

tapping Build number many times (up to 75) to no effect

tapping Android version many times (up to 50) when a JellyBean screen appears

But still unable to become a developer.

I have rooted the device (as far as I know) since SU, root explorer are installed and work, using Odin etc

Any ideas - I've reset, rebooted, cleared the caches etc

Galaxy Tab 2 7.0	Model number	GT-P3110

7 inch wifi international

Android version	4.1.1

Kernel version	3.0.31-523998

se.infra@SEP-138 #1

SMP PREEMPT Thu Nov 22 22:01:24

KST 2012

Build number	JRO03C.P3110XXCLK7
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Dexxmor:
In developers setting, you see this button right above? tick it.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] DarkStryder:
Man whats this twice in one week? Well you could of loked a thew posts earlier the same question is there .lol:rolleyes:

Press thanks if I helped!
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] bass_me:
OK now I don't feel as bad as when I posted the same thing a few days ago!
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] DarkStryder:
Indeed, still.... we r here to help all and share our knowledge

Press thanks if I helped!

---------- Post added at 06:29 PM ---------- Previous post was at 06:22 PM ----------

Has anyone else got the same prob as me? Im listening to music and after about 4 song it stops playing!! Auto stop is off!

Press thanks if I helped!
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] m_samgal:
Sorry for the late reply, been away, but I can confirm that mitchellreece is 100% correct. I have flashed 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.0.3 and back to 4.1.2

they are all official ROM's and they all increased the flash counter using ODIN. Once you flash your device your warranty is gone anyway

and if it bothers you that much you can always ROOT from the external and use Triangles away by Chainfire

All the Best, Mark.

---------- Post added at 05:50 PM ---------- Previous post was at 05:36 PM ----------

Testing this now, see you again a few songs time :P

So far so good, 8 songs in and it's still playing as it should.. mp3's via the vanilla 4.1.2 player

All the Best, Mark.
[Galaxy Tab 2 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] TFDRA:
Hey guys, my sd card is causing horrible lags on my tab. When i pull it out to transfer music and movies, the lag is gone. Currently running Jellybam 7.1 . i had the same problem with Baked-rom.