yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[Hardware Hacking General] Rebellos:
The structure you and Adam are quoting is called ATAGs. Array of configuration params passed from bootloader to the Linux kernel (including kernel cmdline). It is usually placed on the beggining of the memory bank with kernel image.
[Hardware Hacking General] AdamOutler:
Big update coming. We are on the verge of unsigned bootloaders running on the Galaxy Camera and the rest of the Exynos family

For now, I've updated the first post and started this thread which shows how to recover the Galaxy Camera GC100 http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=2023069
[Hardware Hacking General] granets:
Any news on unbrickable mod for SGS3? I am so afraid to flash anything, after I got my old Nexus S bricked. And from what I've read so far, the SGS3's bricks are hard to fix
[Hardware Hacking General] DeHAWK:
Don't worry. The SGS3 contains an other type of chip and furthermore the JB souces has been fixed by Samsung at least for the GT-I9305.

It now checks for bad chips installed...

Regards
[Hardware Hacking General] AdamOutler:
I had a SGS3 and I located UART, but I managed to pull the pad off the board before I was able to do anything useful with it in regards to USB booting. I don't think I will be able to do anything.
[Hardware Hacking General] Rebellos:
This *should* work. Though still people are reporting that method is not working. This might be caused by eMMC chip damage, or just I derped when creating image (another sd card image there: http://xdaforums.com/showpost.php?p=35382432&postcount=119)

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1916796
[Hardware Hacking General] trogdan:
Would love to see a tutorial on how you find and access UART directly on the board. Playing around with the GT-I9300 myself, researching it's service manuals, pin layouts, etc....too bad my major was in software, having to teach myself the electrical stuff....
[Hardware Hacking General] Xdasc:
Hi, has any progress been made on Meizu MX?
[Hardware Hacking General] chris734:
create boot card for Newman N2

hi,

I need your opinion. I want to create a microSD bootloader to repair bootloader on my newman.

The manufacturer provided bootloader.bin locked and unlocked another.

can I use one of these bootloder.bin to create for my microsd with this method:

dd if=xxxxx of = / dev / MyDevice

i join 2 bootloader, locked and unlocked.

please, just answer yes or no, I ask no more.

thank you in advance
[Hardware Hacking General] Rob2222:
Hello all,

it may be interesting for you, that it seems you are able to enter SDCARD MODE on some newer I9300 just by pressing a key combination (without shortening the resistor).

However, don't do this without a for emergency boot prepared sd-card, or your will immediately BRICK your phone!

See the linked post:

http://xdaforums.com/showpost.php?p=47234165&postcount=220

BR

Rob
[Hardware Hacking General] adfree:
Please, need help.

I have many questions and no device for trying self. :o

1.

Please need correct RAM address from u-boot of RD-PQ:

http://download.tizen.org/releases/system/

Tizen_RD-PQ_System_20131107_1

Is it same address like in SBL?

At 0x20

0x43E001C0

:confused:

2.

http://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot/SourceCode

I saw Samsung has uboot for Tizen here...

TRATS is RD210 and TRATS2 is I8800... RD-PQ and so on...

Also other Tizenboot for unknown device...

Reason is, because RD-PQ is labeld with I9300A...

So it could be that RD-PQ and I9300 are 1:1 but without same security...

I have only read, that I9300 is secured by Password for JTAG...

And there are exists few devices without this higher Security.

Also few RD-PQ are dead, by different kind of bad luck...

SEC S5PC210 Test B/D

etc.

3.

Procedure of Restore from internal OR SD exists...

But here with u-boot on VFAT SD card...

I have no eMMC device for now to test... I hope later...

For now I need confirm correct loading address of u-boot please.

Thanx in advance.

Best Regards
[Hardware Hacking General] adfree:
Maybe "Live Demo Unit" of I9300X is JTAG enabled...

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1727962

Maybe Tizen RD-PQ is same like "Live Demo Unit"...

Best Regards
[Hardware Hacking General] Rob2222:
[MENTION=3682533]AdamOutler[/MENTION]

Is this a special sboot.bin?

A guy in a german board bricked his I9305 with the SD-Card Mode while trying to boot into recovery.

I think he pressed VOLUP+VOLDOWN instead of VOLUP only.

The same happened to the I9300 of a friend and I was able to recover the I9300 with the I9300 SD-Card image here from XDA by pressing the key combination on boot. No need to short the resistor on his (Feb 2013) I9300. However, my personal (Jun2012) I9300 does nothing similar when pressing VOLUP+VOLDOWN.

So, cause we have no SD-Card image for the I9305, I analysed the posted I9300 SD-Card image and found that there is simply the content of the sboot.bin from address 512 on. In sector 0 is only the MBR signature and the partition table.

So I downloaded a I9305 firmware, extracted the sboot.bin and put its content on the correct place into the SD-Card image.

However, the guy with the I9305 was not able to recover his device with the prepared I9305 SD-Card.

Do you know whats the problem here?

Is the I9305 sboot.bin maybe to new and in relation to security / certificate not known by the (...by what... maybe) CPU/TZ?

BR

Robert
[Hardware Hacking General] littmanr:
Hi it's possible to unbrick exynos 4212 ( Galaxy S4 Zoom) with this sd recovery method? Please share partition table.

Enviado desde mi iPad con Tapatalk
[Hardware Hacking General] Phatboyj420:
[MENTION=3682533]AdamOutler[/MENTION]

Is there any chance of getting an unsigned BL for Galaxy S4 ZOOM SM-C105AUCUBMJ2 4.2.2 JB on Exynos 4212 Dual Core

Also How do I go about finding the partition tble for this device is there something i can type through ADB etc.
[T-Mobile, Samsung Galaxy SIII] ryanbconn:
Im trying to voice call through blue tooth and the voice calling is not working. Can anyone confirm if theirs is broken to? Ive also tried it without the headset and no luck their eithr.
[T-Mobile, Samsung Galaxy SIII] Android_Monsters:
I saw this which could help.

Try changing your default speech reco engine to Google.
[HTC One V] mihirengg19:
hey guys, can i unlock bootloader and root 2 one Vs off the same PC and the same Hasoon's Toolkit, with the same drivers, htc sync, java runtime ,sdk?????will the unlock token be same for both one Vs? i have successfully rooted my one v....now i want to root a friend's one v..
[HTC One V] ckpv5:
No, you can't as the unlock token is specific to each IMEI
[HTC One V] mihirengg19:
hasoon's toolkit

???is the 'no' in the post to "same unlock token" question or "can i root 2 Vs off same PC and TOOLKIT"question????
[HTC One V] ckpv5:
You don't have to.

You can use all the rest except the unlock token must be the one meant for the other phone.

One PC can unlock many phones but with it's own unlock token from Htc.
[HTC One V] mihirengg19:
hasoon's toolkit

thank u ckpv5 now im off to rooting d 2nd one v....!!
[Galaxy Note GT-N7000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] audahadi:
Hi..I'm using method to root and flash recovery from tutorial. Success in flashing custom rom but had a problem doing nandroid backup. It say can't write to sd card..any idea?
[Galaxy Note GT-N7000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] nokiamodeln91:
which rom and kernel are you on.
[Galaxy Note GT-N7000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] audahadi:
Rom : Slimbean Kernel : stock slimbean kernel

Before install Slimbean, i flash philz recovery ( DXLR5 )..
[Galaxy Note GT-N7000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] nokiamodeln91:
make sure you have enough space on you SD card. if not try using backup to internal SD
[Galaxy Note GT-N7000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] nikufellow:
Deleted
[Galaxy Note GT-N7000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] audahadi:
Thanks...notice that..miss to check that..pure noob mistake..:D
[Galaxy Note GT-N7000 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting] Yiannis75:
May you don't have Enough space,cause kernel its safe...
[Sony Xperia P, U, Sola, Go] Tamaskan:
What do you guys think? Something wrong with my battery?
[Sony Xperia P, U, Sola, Go] corsav6:
Did you plug it into USB for a short time?

I see a small increase in battery capacity that's not registered on the timer.
[Sony Xperia P, U, Sola, Go] Tamaskan:
Nope but I did reboot the device a few time. I did realized that after I reboot the bat goes up abit, is this normal?
[Sony Xperia P, U, Sola, Go] techno-np:
Yes it's normal the same thing happens with my P
[Sony Xperia P, U, Sola, Go] Tamaskan:
Owh okay
[Sony Xperia P, U, Sola, Go] corsav6:
That also happens on my XU, My battery drops on my x8 however when I reboot but the battery lasts a lot longer than my XU.
[Sony Xperia P, U, Sola, Go] boyheadkick:
it happens to my sola even on standby so dont worry:good:
[Sony Xperia P, U, Sola, Go] Tamaskan:
huh, haha looks like all sony phones are like this..xD
[Samsung Galaxy Tab Plus] trungctu:
My P6200 is using stock ROM in HoneyComb.

I can't find "Connect to PC" on Setting menu. So when i plug in the tab to the computer I don't get the option to mount as hard disk, internet sharing, charge only.... that menu is missing.

Please help me to fix this issue.

Thanks
[Samsung Galaxy Tab Plus] MacZzang:
If I'm not mistaken u will find the option under storage.
[Samsung Galaxy Tab Plus] mrjoel:
Why do you want the direct block device to mount instead of using the MTP interface?
[Samsung Galaxy Tab Plus] trungctu:
I'm using a company-owned laptop so I can't install Samsung kies or Samsung USB driver. I need to mount internal storage card to share data from laptop to tab.
[Samsung Galaxy Tab Plus] paulus3476:
Sadly, this isn't available on any samsung device, only mtp and camera mode - both rubbish frankly. I think most people simple work round this by pulling the microsd card and using a card reader to transfer data.
[Samsung Galaxy Tab Plus] trungctu:
This is my 3rd Samsung device, but it is the first time that I can't mount internal storage. My last device is S2 Skyrocket and Tab P1000, they have option to change into mass storage.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
[ROM][7/23] CleanROM ACE 5.0 -★| Performance and Stability Never Retire! |★-

​

CleanROM is targeted towards the user that wants a stock ROM experience with the ability to choose the features and functions they want, demand performance and expect stability!

CleanROM is based on the latest International N7105XXDMC3! Jellybean 4.1.2 Base and is De-Odex!

CleanROM works fine with Verizon, AT&T, Rogers and other i317 and 7105 Variants!

CleanROM is Fast, Clean, and STABLE!

CleanROM is one of the best supported ROMS in the "industry!"

Support for Newbs and Veterans alike is given at xxx regardless of post count!

MOD EDIT: Link removed with OP's permission.

ACE stands for All Carrier Edition!

See Post #2 for very important info!

Aroma Installer Options:

Boot Animationn Typ: Stock, Custom (See post #2 for more info)

Carriers: Verizon, AT&T, Canadian, Generic GT-N7105, T-Mobile

Status Bar: Verizon, AT&T, Generic

Keyboards: Stock Samsung, Swype, Google Keyboard

Launchers: Stock TouchWiz, TouchWiz 5x6 Layout, Apex Launcher, Nova Launcher

File Manager: ES File Explorer or Stock File Manager, None

Google Apps: Play Store, Gmail, Google Now, Maps, Street View for Maps, Talk, YouTube, Play Music, Google News and Weather

Samsung Apps: S Voice (Note II), S Voice (S4), AllShare, Kies Air, Mobile Print, Group Cast, Samsung Photo Editor, Samsung App Store, Paper Artist, S4 AccuWeather Widget, S4 Program Monitor

Misc Apps: Multi Window Control, Ad Blocking HOST file, Drop Box, Terminal Emulator, Polaris Office 4, Adobe Flash, Verizon Messages, AT&T Messages

International N7105XXDMC3 Jellybean 4.1.2 Base

Multi Window Control to add or remove any app you want!

WiFi Tether Unlocked!

Unsecure boot image with init.d support!

Samsung Find My Mobile capable!

Long Press to skip music tracks with screen off!

Additional Ringtones and Fonts!

Performance and Stability that is nothing short of Legendary!

Version 5.0.0 - 7/23/2013

Updated: Aroma Installer Binaries to latest version for faster cleaner looking install

Updated: Over 25 Apps from Play Store and Samsung

Updated: Custom Boot Animation from S4 Google Edition

Updated: Swype to Stock Version (No more Beta notification)

Updated: Default Wallpaper / Higher quality than prior

Added: Google Keyboard Back as option in Aroma

Changed: Default Options during install

Removed: Firmware Updater

All new posts start HERE

Must have custom recovery installed. I recommend the latest version of twrp.

Copy ROM to storage

Reboot to Recovery

Must wipe data and factory reset in Recovery. Failure to do so waves your "right" to support.

Restoring any data from any back up also waves all your right to support. Please don't bother posting in the thread!

Flash ROM and Select Options!

Reboot to System

Profit!

LegendK95, wanam and lidroid, qd2dc and sbryan12144 of TeamBlackout, thisiskindacrap, mikeyxda!

MOD EDIT: Download link removed with OP's permission.

(Tapatalk / XDA App Users use your web browser to see the links or Download from PC!!!!

I dont recommend downloading from a mobile device!)

324B9986F7B736210999DAC8D4F97B06
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
About Installation

Do NOT flash Mods or Themes unless they say CleanROM ACE 4.7.0 compatible!!!!

Clean flashing is the only recommended flashing method! Anything else may lead to problems!

If you have problems go back and wipe data and re-flash. Do not report in the thread until you do so!

If you fail to wipe Clean or you choose to restore data / apps or anything else from back up apps like Ti Back up you will suffer from a seriously degraded experience!

If you flashed a Mod / Theme or Kernel do NOT report any bugs until you wipe Clean and re-flash with only options included in the ROM!

Do it by hand or dont do it at all!

Boot Animation Info

If you choose Stock Animations then you can use THESE animations!

If you choose Custom Animations then you can use THESE animations (or any other you find you like)!

MOD EDIT: Download link removed with OP's permission.

Status Bar Icons
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
Attached: Generic Stock Status bar. Removes lidroid mod and allows Panel Toggles in settings to work correctly. Updated 4/2/2013

Thanks to sling, CleanROM ACE 4.8 specific Mods such as call recording and more can be found can be found HERE

Battery and Status bar Mods by Tiffany84 can be found HERE. You might just want to check these out!

Here is a nice red theme by icedventimocha: [THEME] ReDRuM for CleanROM ACE

If you would like your Mod or Theme posted here then post it in the thread and I will add it.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] garcou:
You must be unlocked?
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] KLLSWITCH:
dang scott gettin busy haha
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
If you flash twrp you are good to go!

You know it!
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] TEKHD:
So here we go... Flashing addicts welcome... Lol
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] blkghost22:
Is it the stock root deodex. Or is the file not uploaded yet
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] otisman:
This will work on a a stock just rooted note2

Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I317 using Xparent Red Tapatalk 2
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] nimski62:
No multi-view support?
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] blkghost22:
I mean when I went to the download page there was only 2 files
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
That you have to have TWRP?
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] sling:
Oh man this rom ran slick on my Sprint GN2 cant wait for ATT install
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
Damn, you got both too?!?!? LOL
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] garcou:
No man..... it says in your op that you have to be unlocked, unlocked to me would be..... well unlocked for any carrier your phone would support, which would mean buying a unlock code or sitting on the phone with at&t asking for a unlock code......
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] jsho31:
Running this on my one x, glad to see it here now.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
File is up!

If you dont see it listed in the OP then it doesnt exist. ​
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
No man, you need to re-read.

That was a small typo from SGS3 ROM.

As soon as I saw it I removed it. You posted after it was removed.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
Cool Cool!
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] ratchetjaw:
Thats awesome news for us Note 2 owners. Waiting for your new one with the multi view and full Aroma. Will be awesome.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] otisman:
Boooyaaaah! Sorry to here that but thanks HTC much alohas

Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I317 using Xparent Red Tapatalk 2
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Suzook1:
yes!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! welcome back
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] ryj01:
Sorry guys what is aroma?
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] otisman:
An installer

Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I317 using Xparent Red Tapatalk 2
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
Hahah, glad I closed it down the right way for you...

Indeed, thanks I appreciate the positive feedback!

AHAHAHAHAHA OMGOMGOMGOM! That was funny. Dude you are hilarious man!

Thank you, glad to be back...

If I had one word to describe Aroma....

INSANE!

Look here: http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1461712

I do all my later version ROMS with Aroma. The early versions start off like this one, "Lite Editions"

Once I get everything tweaked I go all out on Version 2.0 and it will include aroma!
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
Ok, I need to go unlock this puppy and play around....

I prolly wont get much productive done tonight but we will see...

I have two unrelased stock dumps in my dropbox that I need to play with....
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
And thanks for the warm welcome back!
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Sam3gX:
Where's the bad news? All I see is good news haha. Welcome back! :D
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] EskimoRuler:
What!! Blowing my mind!! That sounds cool man. Looking forward to this rom.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
Your all welcome... BRB...
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
Now that I am back figure no point in wasting time! ;)

Give it a spin and let me know what you think! :good:

Dont flash and Drive! :angel:

-Scott
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Artimus009:
This is what I do...its a must...now hopping into my car!
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] powerwagon:
You're a good man Scott...I hope you decide to stick around for a while.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] alewis2k12:
+1 to that....
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Scott:
Be careful then! lol

Thanks, I think I will for a while. As much as I wanted the DNA... I cant deal with the bull**** HTC and Verizon do!
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] :
Sitting in the corner patiently waiting on that multi-window update :good:;)
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] itsonlym3:
Welcome back Scott, i know everyone here is happy to "have you back". we'll do our best to support you in your endeavors.

stoked about updates and Aroma.

Been using this ROM since it was released and have 0 problems and couldn't be happier, so again, thanks for the work you've put into this ROM and your willingness to share your work. :good:
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] mrfriday2010:
A small welcome back present: 3A859681XW0262302

Thanks for all the hard work man.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] hanlence:
are you gonna enable the tethering in the future?

my equation is

YOUR ROM + MULTI WINDOWS + TETHERING = PERFECT

appreciate your hard work, thanks
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] sling:
Quick glance Sensor no longer works....maybe PK kernel is the cause :(

Update:

I restored stock recovery enabled Motion , Sensor & it works.

From there I restored CleanRom , enabled sensor & it works.

hey it works now
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Markmaryland:
Yeah the 4.2 with emojis support
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] KEVK:
3.5 with Perseus 29.1Alpha has been better battery life for me.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] geek wana-b:
think it was just my usb port
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] riassan:
Check the themes and apps section there is a thread there on it by turilo
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] jyazzie110:
No one?
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] koreancanuck:
Fine for me. Maybe just a bad flash..? Although I am on 3.3 I guess.. haven't felt the need to upgrade..
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] jyazzie110:
Yea I never tried it on 3.3 but im on 3.5 and did a clean flash just to be sure and it still happens.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] P1 Wookie:
Works fine here
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] mrdindon:
After installing 3.5 then lidroid 15 toggles, activating gps works but instead of having the gps icon I get the download symbol... is it 3.5 or lidroid... i cant tell, does anyone else having that little issue ?
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] SmiLey497:
Lidroid.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] kleeman7:
Mine works and I didn't do anything special and Im I running pk
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] P1 Wookie:
That's part of the reason why it's not included in the rom. That is an issue with the mod
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Sooperfly2004:
Hello...

Since flashing 3.5 I have lost all my LTE speed.

My speed tests go no higher than 1MB download and it used to be 25MB or higher.

I also can't send mms.

Anyone else having this issue?
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] Corvette Dave:
Working fine for me I just tested it. Opened up in photo editor and was able to close it no problem.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] twistedsistem:
Scott,

Thanks for the advice but still didn't work. Looks like I don't get 3.5 :( I have spent over 10 hours flashing in every way I know how with multiple downloads and can't get anything to work.

Either way you do awesome work and was saving this up to say MERRY CHRISTMAS: 2P674420JB955490K

Thanks,

twistedsistem
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] powerwagon:
I've got to say Scott, you really outdid yourself on 3.5. I don't know what in the hell you did to this ROM, but battery life is freaking ridiculous. I'm at 14 hours off charger and 6 hours screen on time and presently at 32%. I'm using the latest Perseus kernel, heavily undervolted, but otherwise stock speed (200/1600). This thing really is a beast in all areas...really smooth and stable. I came from Jedi 6.1.2 and honestly figured I would go back to it like I usually do, but not this time. I'll be hanging around a while! Great work as usual.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] cmatthews:
Works fine for me as well.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] sherifone:
To the OP: I wanted to throw my Note 2 in the garbage after only having it for 4 days... AT&T's modifications drove me nuts, especially the carrier label on the notification bar, missing multi view mode... amongst other things.

Thank you, really, for putting this together. It is great to have a "stock" Note 2 + LTE without all the carrier garbage :) Hopefully CleanROM 3.5 is stable enough to last me until the 4.2 comes out for the Note.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] markkohfm:
When I take a screen grab with the stylus, the picture doesn't appear, nor is there a prompt for the import choice. The picture gets imported by my Dropbox though.

edit: reflashed and all is fine.
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] skim32:
I am currently running 3.3 and have had 2 or 3 unexpected reboots. The first time it happened I was in Dolphin and was pressing back rapidly to exit the app and it rebooted on me. Didn't think anything of it cuz it was just one time, but then it happened once again in another app while I was pressing back rapidly and the most recent one was today. I was just scrolling through my screens (not the drawer, but the main screens) rapidly and it again rebooted. Is there an event log of some sort I can look at to see what may be causing it? I will probably eventually upgrade to 3.5 at some point. Maybe the issue will go away. It's just that I get everything the way I wanted it on 3.3, so was putting off upgrading to 3.5 which seems like a rather minor upgrade (besides the fact that its rebuilt on the new rom.)
[AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note II] geek wana-b:
Is this good battery life