[Kindle Fire General] soupmagnet:
**IMPORTANT**

Read this thoroughly before you attempt any of it. The steps found herein will wipe out any data remaining on the partition for which it's used. If a partition has lost it's formatting, chances are the data is lost anyway, so there's not much more you can lose. This should be thought of as a last resort. Do not attempt this until you have tried everything else.

In many cases, just wiping the affected partition in recovery is enough to fix the problem. If not, continue reading.

If it's your sdcard that needs to be mounted, there is one thing you can try that might work in most cases.

[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] adb shell
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] echo /dev/block/mmcblk0p12 >> /sys/devices/platform/usb_mass_storage/lun0/file

Your computer will probably respond that the volume/device needs formatted before using it. This will erase everything left on the sdcard, as will anything else you attempt in this thread.

* Choose a quick format (if possible) and format it as "fat32", block size "4096".

If that doesn't work...

You'll have to reset your partition table, just in case (this step is optional but it doesn't hurt to do it anyway).

You'll need to be in fastboot:

[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] adb shell
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] idme bootmode 4002
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] reboot

(*COTR recovery doesn't have idme so you'll have to use the recovery itself to reboot into the bootloader)

Once in fastboot, enter the following commands...

[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] fastboot oem format
[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] fastboot oem idme bootmode 5001
[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] fastboot reboot

With your partition table reset, it's time to print your partition table for reference.

For this, your device must be booted into recovery.

To print your partition table:

[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] adb shell
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] parted /dev/block/mmcblk0
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] print

This will print the layout of your partitions 1-12. It should look something like this:

View attachment 1421197

If you receive an error stating that parted can't be found, you need to find and download it and enter the following commands, or update your recovery...

[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] adb push /path/to/parted /sbin/parted
[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] adb shell
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] chown 0.0 /sbin/parted
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] chown 755 /sbin/parted

(*replace "/path/to/parted" with the full path to the parted binary downloaded to your computer)

Once you have your partition table printed out, copy and save it to a text file for later use.

When looking at the partition table, pay close attention to the file systems of the system, userdata, cache and media partitions. System, data and cache, should have an "ext4" formatting, while media should have a "fat32" formatting. The partitions that are missing the proper formatting are the ones you need to focus on because they need to be removed and repartitioned.

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NEVER MESS WITH ANYTHING OTHER THAN SYSTEM, DATA, CACHE AND MEDIA!!!

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The following, are the steps to repartition the system, data, and cache partitions. Media (sdcard) will have it's own steps so don't get them mixed up. These same steps will be used for each of the system data and cache partitions except you'll substitute the variables (in green) with the values for that particular partition. Be careful NOT to get the any of numbers mixed up or confused or you could potentially do serious damage to your device.

[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] abd shell
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] umount [COLOR=SeaGreen]"directory_name"[/COLOR] [COLOR=Red]<---- This command is to make sure the volume isn't already mounted. If you get an error, it just means there is no volume mounted. Disregard.[/COLOR]
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] parted /dev/block/mmcblk0
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] rm [COLOR=SeaGreen]"partition_number"[/COLOR]
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] mkpart primary [COLOR=SeaGreen]"startblock" "endblock"[/COLOR]
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] name [COLOR=SeaGreen]"partition_number" "partition_name"[/COLOR]
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] quit
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk0p[COLOR=SeaGreen]"partition_number"[/COLOR]
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] mount [COLOR=SeaGreen]"directory_name"[/COLOR]

The values for the previous command variables are as follows...

SYSTEM

-------------------------------

"partition_number"= 9

"directory_name" = /system

"partition_name" = system

"startblock" = 312

"endblock" = 849

DATA

-------------------------------

"partition_number"= 10

"directory_name" = /data

"partition_name" = userdata

"startblock" = 849

"endblock" = 2041

CACHE

-------------------------------

"partition_number"= 11

"directory_name" = /cache

"partition_name" = cache

"startblock" = 2041

"endblock" = 2309

For example, in order to fix the DATA partition, the commands would be written like this...

[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] abd shell
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] umount /data
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] parted /dev/block/mmcblk0
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] rm 10
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] mkpart primary 849 2041
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] name 10 userdata
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] quit
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk0p10
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] mount /data

The following are the steps to repartition the media (sdcard) partition.

[COLOR=Gray]$[/COLOR] adb shell
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] umount /sdcard [COLOR=Red]<----Same as before. If you receive an error on this command, just disregard it.[/COLOR]
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] parted /dev/block/mmcblk0
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] rm 12
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] mkpartfs primary fat32 2309 7690
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] rm 12
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] mkpart primary 2309 7690
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] name 12 media
[COLOR=Gray](parted)[/COLOR] quit
[COLOR=Gray]~ #[/COLOR] mount /sdcard

Once again, any partitions on which these commands are used, will lose any data left on them, but chances are it's your only option. Pay very close attention to what you are doing and be very cautious of typos. Accidentally entering /dev/block/mmcblk0p2' instead of "/dev/block/mmcblk0p12" will

brick

your device, to the point of needing to pull the back cover off and shorting it...well...let's just say you don't want to have to do that.

Afterwards you should be able to mount the effected partitions in recovery.

Be careful, and good luck.

Refrences:

http://xdaforums.com/showpost.php?p=26285877&postcount=12

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1651413

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1497900

Thanks to kinfauns for showing me that it isn't always necessary to create an "ext2" file system first and then convert it to "ext4", and for showing me how to get rid of the pesky msftres flags.