[AT&T, Rogers HTC One X, Telstra One XL] Silellak:
Gonna necro this thread, as I just finished using Sense for about a month and jumped back on CM10. I figured, in the process, I may as well take some comparison photos.

Unfortunately, nothing is going to be a perfect 1-to-1 comparison, as it's almost impossible to take pictures that are exactly the same without way more effort than I have time for. That said, I did my best to go through several common (to me) scenarios. Note that I am in no way a professional photographer, so my use case is basically "point and click with as little effort as possible", so I'm looking for obvious quality differences, not, for example, slight colorization differences.

Scenario 1: Macro focus on near object

CM10: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/1_CM10.jpg

Sense: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/1_SenseCamera.jpg

As far as I could tell, there was no major difference here. I was happy to see that CM10 seems to be as capable of close-in focusing as Sense is.

Scenario 2: Low-light photo, standard settings, no flash

CM10: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/2_CM10.jpg

Sense: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/2_SenseCamera.jpg

Sense is pretty obviously the winner here, though CM10 isn't terrible either.

Scenario 3: Low-light photo, "night" settings, no flash

CM10: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/3_CM10.jpg

Sense: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/3_SenseCamera.jpg

A bit different white balance (I think that's what it's called, see: not a professional), but visibility is about even.

Scenario 4: Low-light photo, flash

CM10: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/4_CM10.jpg

Sense: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/4_SenseCamera.jpg

Basically the same. The CM10 picture is a bit more clear, but I think that's just a focus thing.

Scenario 5: Random colorful object

CM10: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/5_CM10.jpg

Sense: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/5_SenseCamera.jpg

Not super happy with how this one came out, I went back for a second CM10 pic but the lighting had changed too much.

Scenario 6: Random colorful object

CM10: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/6_CM10.jpg

Sense: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/6_SenseCamera.jpg

This one is interesting. The colors are definitely different, but I don't really know which one I prefer. In Sense, the yellow seems almost...too yellow? It could also just be a lighting thing, though. I think both pictures have their pluses and minuses.

Scenario 7: Artsy-fartsy angle-shot

CM10: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/7_CM10.jpg

Sense: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/7_SenseCamera.jpg

Again, no real discernible difference to me here. Mostly just minor angle/lighting changes.

Scenario 8: Obligatory picture of my adorable dog

CM10: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/8_CM10.jpg

Sense: http://silellak.com/projects/Sense_to_CM10_2/8_SenseCamera.jpg

Awwww!

So, my own personal conclusion: CM10 works fine for what I need in a phone camera. I really expected Sense to be noticeably better, for my day-to-day use, I don't think it is. Do I miss some Sense functionality, especially the native Burst mode, and the better panorama? Sure, but for me, the benefits of CM10/AOSP over Sense are too great to ignore.