[Android Development on Bada] hunktb:
adb works in badadroid: I use adb shell, adb logcat ... and adb devices also works

In my GT-S8500

adb devices
* daemon not running. starting it now on port 5037 *
* daemon started successfully *
List of devices attached
0000045600000123	device

You don't have to change the "name" of the device: adb uses as id this unique string that I can see in Settings > About phone > Status > Serial number.

If adb doesn't work for you, you might have not have adb in path, debuggin enabled in badadroid ... but anyway you can run the command from the guide from terminal. Instead of

"adb shell set-install-location 2"

you can use, from Terminal emulator provided in badadroid

"pm set-install-location 2"

I have modified the command from the one appearing in the link: it is not "setInstallLocation" but "set-install-location", as you can see in the full pm (packet manager) command help, as provided by badadroid

usage: pm list packages [-f] [-d] [-e] [-s] [-3] [-i] [-u] [--user USER_ID] [FILTER]
pm list permission-groups
pm list permissions [-g] [-f] [-d] [-u] [GROUP]
pm list instrumentation [-f] [TARGET-PACKAGE]
pm list features
pm list libraries
pm list users
pm path PACKAGE
pm install [-l] [-r] [-t] [-i INSTALLER_PACKAGE_NAME] [-s] [-f]
[--algo <algorithm name> --key <key-in-hex> --iv <IV-in-hex>]
[--originating-uri <URI>] [--referrer <URI>] PATH
pm uninstall [-k] PACKAGE
pm clear [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE
pm enable [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
pm disable [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
pm disable-user [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
pm grant PACKAGE PERMISSION
pm revoke PACKAGE PERMISSION
[B] pm set-install-location [0/auto] [1/internal] [2/external][/B]
pm get-install-location
pm set-permission-enforced PERMISSION [true|false]
pm trim-caches DESIRED_FREE_SPACE
pm create-user USER_NAME
pm remove-user USER_ID
pm get-max-users

pm list packages: prints all packages, optionally only
those whose package name contains the text in FILTER. Options:
-f: see their associated file.
-d: filter to only show disbled packages.
-e: filter to only show enabled packages.
-s: filter to only show system packages.
-3: filter to only show third party packages.
-i: see the installer for the packages.
-u: also include uninstalled packages.

pm list permission-groups: prints all known permission groups.

pm list permissions: prints all known permissions, optionally only
those in GROUP. Options:
-g: organize by group.
-f: print all information.
-s: short summary.
-d: only list dangerous permissions.
-u: list only the permissions users will see.

pm list instrumentation: use to list all test packages; optionally
supply <TARGET-PACKAGE> to list the test packages for a particular
application. Options:
-f: list the .apk file for the test package.

pm list features: prints all features of the system.

pm list users: prints all users on the system.

pm path: print the path to the .apk of the given PACKAGE.

pm install: installs a package to the system. Options:
-l: install the package with FORWARD_LOCK.
-r: reinstall an exisiting app, keeping its data.
-t: allow test .apks to be installed.
-i: specify the installer package name.
-s: install package on sdcard.
-f: install package on internal flash.
-d: allow version code downgrade.

pm uninstall: removes a package from the system. Options:
-k: keep the data and cache directories around after package removal.

pm clear: deletes all data associated with a package.

pm enable, disable, disable-user: these commands change the enabled state
of a given package or component (written as "package/class").

pm grant, revoke: these commands either grant or revoke permissions
to applications. Only optional permissions the application has
declared can be granted or revoked.

pm get-install-location: returns the current install location.
0 [auto]: Let system decide the best location
1 [internal]: Install on internal device storage
2 [external]: Install on external media

pm set-install-location: changes the default install location.
NOTE: this is only intended for debugging; using this can cause
applications to break and other undersireable behavior.
0 [auto]: Let system decide the best location
1 [internal]: Install on internal device storage
[B] 2 [external]: Install on external media[/B]

pm trim-caches: trim cache files to reach the given free space.

pm create-user: create a new user with the given USER_NAME,
printing the new user identifier of the user.

pm remove-user: remove the user with the given USER_IDENTIFIER,
deleting all data associated with that user

Just to check it works (I have not tested to install apps after that)

root@android:/ # pm get-install-location
0[auto]
root@android:/ # pm set-install-location 2
root@android:/ # pm get-install-location
2[external]

Edit 1: I include an extract from pm command help already included, I think it is important and it is not viewed unless scrolled

pm set-install-location: changes the default install location.
[COLOR="Red"][B] NOTE: this is only intended for debugging; using this can cause
applications to break and other undersireable behavior.[/B][/COLOR]
0 [auto]: Let system decide the best location
1 [internal]: Install on internal device storage
2 [external]: Install on external media