[Samsung Infuse 4G] braschlosan:
Here is a screenshot to demonstrate that the MMS sending issue results in a crash, not just the failure to send. This crash is immediate once you press the send button.

I also tried deleting ALL APN profiles from the phone, doing a full reboot, then recreating the correct APN and the crash still happens.

I tried to use the GoSMS application and it looks as if it cannot write the MMS into the messaging database.

edit: Here is an excerpt of the logs surrounding the MMS crash

D/Mms:app ( 1394): CarrierContentRestriction.checkMessageSize messageSize: 0 increaseSize: 0 MmsConfig.getMaxMessageSize: 307200
D/Mms:app ( 1394): CarrierContentRestriction.checkMessageSize messageSize: 0 increaseSize: 0 MmsConfig.getMaxMessageSize: 307200
D/Mms:app ( 1394): CarrierContentRestriction.checkMessageSize messageSize: 0 increaseSize: 0 MmsConfig.getMaxMessageSize: 307200
E/SpannableStringBuilder( 1394): SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE spans cannot have a zero length
E/SpannableStringBuilder( 1394): SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE spans cannot have a zero length
E/Mms/image( 1394): pathUrl = /storage/sdcard0/DCIM/Camera/IMG_20130817_131344.jpg
D/Mms:app ( 1394): CarrierContentRestriction.checkMessageSize messageSize: 0 increaseSize: 0 MmsConfig.getMaxMessageSize: 307200
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getExtractedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextBeforeCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getSelectedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextAfterCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getExtractedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextBeforeCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getExtractedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextBeforeCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getSelectedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextAfterCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getExtractedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextBeforeCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getSelectedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextAfterCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): beginBatchEdit on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): endBatchEdit on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getExtractedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextBeforeCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getSelectedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextAfterCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): beginBatchEdit on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): setComposingRegion on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): endBatchEdit on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getExtractedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextBeforeCursor on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getSelectedText on inactive InputConnection
W/IInputConnectionWrapper( 1394): getTextAfterCursor on inactive InputConnection
E/SpannableStringBuilder( 1394): SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE spans cannot have a zero length
E/SpannableStringBuilder( 1394): SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE spans cannot have a zero length
D/CacheManager( 1394): Cache dir: /data/data/com.android.mms/cache/imgcache
W/BlobCache( 1394): cannot read header
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
E/Mms/image( 1394): pathUrl = /storage/sdcard0/DCIM/Camera/IMG_20130817_131344.jpg
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
W/ThumbnailManager( 1394): Orientation requested for thumbnail = 0
D/dalvikvm( 1394): GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 555K, 20% free 9106K/11316K, paused 49ms, total 49ms
I/dalvikvm-heap( 1394): Grow heap (frag case) to 11.383MB for 1997584-byte allocation
D/dalvikvm( 1394): GC_CONCURRENT freed 752K, 23% free 10304K/13268K, paused 2ms+8ms, total 66ms
W/ThumbnailManager( 1394): resizeDownBySideLength, orientation = 0
W/ThumbnailManager( 1394): resizeBitmapByScale, orientation = 0 scale = 0.78431374
D/dalvikvm( 1394): GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 38K, 23% free 10269K/13268K, paused 46ms, total 46ms
I/dalvikvm-heap( 1394): Grow heap (frag case) to 11.786MB for 1228816-byte allocation
I/auditd ( 5006): Starting up
E/auditd ( 5006): Failed on audit_set_pid with error: Protocol not supported
I/auditd ( 5006): Exiting
D/dalvikvm( 1394): GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 2455K, 35% free 9526K/14472K, paused 50ms, total 55ms
E/SpannableStringBuilder( 1394): SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE spans cannot have a zero length
E/SpannableStringBuilder( 1394): SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE spans cannot have a zero length
W/dalvikvm( 1394): threadid=25: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x414f1700)
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394): FATAL EXCEPTION: WorkingMessage.send MMS
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394): java.lang.NullPointerException
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394):	at com.google.android.mms.pdu.PduPersister.persistData(PduPersister.java:854)
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394):	at com.google.android.mms.pdu.PduPersister.persistPart(PduPersister.java:758)
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394):	at com.google.android.mms.pdu.PduPersister.persist(PduPersister.java:1387)
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394):	at com.android.mms.data.WorkingMessage.createDraftMmsMessage(WorkingMessage.java:1579)
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394):	at com.android.mms.data.WorkingMessage.sendMmsWorker(WorkingMessage.java:1433)
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394):	at com.android.mms.data.WorkingMessage.access$700(WorkingMessage.java:82)
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394):	at com.android.mms.data.WorkingMessage$2.run(WorkingMessage.java:1231)
E/AndroidRuntime( 1394):	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:841)
W/ActivityManager( 442): Force finishing activity com.android.mms/.ui.ComposeMessageActivity
D/dalvikvm( 442): GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 254K, 25% free 9657K/12872K, paused 66ms, total 67ms
D/dalvikvm( 442): GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 317K, 27% free 9486K/12872K, paused 53ms, total 53ms
D/dalvikvm( 442): GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 205K, 26% free 9546K/12872K, paused 93ms, total 93ms
I/dalvikvm-heap( 442): Grow heap (frag case) to 10.455MB for 635812-byte allocation
D/dalvikvm( 442): GC_FOR_ALLOC freed <1K, 25% free 10167K/13496K, paused 79ms, total 79ms
I/dalvikvm-heap( 442): Grow heap (frag case) to 10.875MB for 441444-byte allocation
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
D/Mms ( 1394): [121] markAsRead: update read/seen for thread uri: content://mms-sms/conversations/8
D/Mms ( 1394): [1] mDeleteObsoleteThreadsRunnable calling asyncDeleteObsoleteThreads
D/Mms ( 1394): [1] onQueryComplete finished DELETE_OBSOLETE_THREADS_TOKEN
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
D/dalvikvm( 714): GC_CONCURRENT freed 399K, 62% free 2929K/7604K, paused 2ms+2ms, total 18ms
D/dalvikvm( 685): GC_CONCURRENT freed 395K, 58% free 3220K/7604K, paused 3ms+2ms, total 19ms
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
D/Mms:app ( 1394): cancelNotification
I/auditd ( 5017): Starting up
E/auditd ( 5017): Failed on audit_set_pid with error: Protocol not supported
I/auditd ( 5017): Exiting
I/Process ( 1394): Sending signal. PID: 1394 SIG: 9
I/ActivityManager( 442): Process com.android.mms (pid 1394) has died.
W/ActivityManager( 442): Force removing ActivityRecord{41771b28 u0 com.android.mms/.ui.ConversationList}: app died, no saved state
D/CountryDetector( 442): No listener is left
I/WindowState( 442): WIN DEATH: Window{41c37498 u0 com.android.mms/com.android.mms.ui.ConversationList}

Those are exactly the settings I am using. The messaging application crashes when sending an MMS and I get an error in the notification tray stating "the message could not be downloaded" when receiving an MMS.