[Samsung Galaxy S (4G Model)] Juls317:
Potential Problems:​

There are some problems that you could face when flashing roms. They are caused by various mistakes, not doing full wipes, etc. and they can also result from bad downloads of roms or kernels (happened a couple of times to me) and if it is your first time experiencing this, it can be fairly terrifying. But fret not, there are ways to fix this.

You do not always have to use ODIN, Heimdall or a One-Click, those are for the more serious problems. Many problems can be fixed by booting into CWM and Fixing Permissions, and/or wiping the cache and Dalvik cache.​

How to use ODIN:​

ODIN can be used to reset your phone to stock (unrooted in the case of this tutorial) provided that something goes wrong in the flashing process. Download ODIN from HERE (this is and older version as this is the one that I use and am familiar with, so it will be easier for me to direct you if you are using the same version as I am. i have never had problems with it). Now download THIS file to flash through ODIN and unzip it.

Your first step is to boot your phone into Download mode. You can do this by pulling the battery out of your phone, pressing and holding Volume Up and Volume Down, plugging your phone into you computer using a USB to Micro USB cable, and pushing the battery back into position in the back of your phone. If done properly, you will see a yellow triangle with an Android shoveling dirt in it come up on your phone's screen. You can then put the battery cover back on so you don't have to worry about the battery falling out (WHICH WILL BRICK YOUR PHONE IF YOU ARE FLASHING AND THAT HAPPENS)

So now that you are in download mode, open ODIN and set up your files so they look like this:

Once you have your files set like this and you have made sure that the check marks that I have ticked are ticked on your computer, you can plug your phone into the computer and START. Let this run and you should be back in working order shortly after.​

Flashing through Heimdall:​

Now to show you how to flash through Heimdall (for us OS X and Linux users:p). Go and grab Heimdall from HERE (I would suggest using the Heimdall-Frontend package, as that is what I will be showing you how to use). Once you download that, you can use the same package as we used to flash in ODIN, just decompress the .tar and then go into the folder and take the three files that end in .md5, remove the .md5 ending and the decompress those (you can then re-add the .md5 to the original files if you would like).

Now you are ready to load your files into Heimdall. You are going to need:

MODEM (extracted from T959VUVKG4-Phone-CL1037720.tar.md5)

CACHE (extracted from SGH-T959V-CSC-TMB-VIBRANTP.tar.md5)

DATAFS (extracted from SGH-T959V-CSC-TMB-VIBRANTP.tar.md5)

PARAM (extracted from CODE_T959VUVKG4_CL385158_REV00_user_low_noship.tar.md5)

FACTORYFS (extracted from CODE_T959VUVKG4_CL385158_REV00_user_low_noship.tar.md5)

and

KERNEL (extracted from CODE_T959VUVKG4_CL385158_REV00_user_low_noship.tar.md5, but you can use any of the zImages from kernels. However i would suggest that you use the stock KG4 and then flash drhonks KG4 and flash your selected kernel through CWM after that).
​

Notes:​

I will be adding in a section for themes later​