yashsingh1/xdaforums huggingface dataset:
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] panosb26:
I have installed the above applications (thanks bharat_gokou) and is OK, do not try something from the v13 likely to try it later but I needed my cell phone.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] ffaaiissaall:
thanx alot bro..my apologies..it was written in a hurry skt.apk..actually it is stk.apk
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Someguyfromhell:
What are current future plans for this ROM? :D
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] BudgyN1:
Been using v15 for a day now and for some reason it feels more sluggish then v14. I don't know if its my fault cause I have loads of apps on my phone but please someone tell me if they feel the same thing. Maybe I'll just have to re-flash it. Thanks
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
V13 bootanimation is added under the "USEFUL CWM FLASHABLE ZIP" section...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] kore_sar:
Dear boof!

I hope you are doing well. You have to do well because I fill very-very good since I installed your ROM and X Kernel to my wife's Xperia Mini.

I am sending you rays of fortune and happiness so as you are able to develop the ROM forever.

I had been having sex with the damn smartphone for two days till yesterday evening. Since then I am happy because battery drainage dropped from 2% per hour to 0.5% per hour. Moreover, the phone temperature was always about 2 degrees Celcius higher than the evironment temperature and now it is normal.

I don't know why all the ROMs and kernels I flashed during my two days sex trip drained the same 2% per hour, and I don't know why are hybrom and X-Kernel so awesome, but I can surely admit you are the person I would like to marry (but I can't because I already have a wife and I am not gay).

Thank you very much.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Black_jackss:
Lol!:D
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] shprakash:
Bbooff thank u so much...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
If you can tell me your complete layout i may be able to prepare a file for you...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] PoedelPCS:
when I flashed your QWERTZ Zip it worked for me.

Greetings from Germany
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Draygon:
Oh, I the QWERTZ layout was everything i was speaking about... :p

boof, i LOVE your rom, it's so great, thanks! =)
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Dheny Brightside:
Wow good sound from v15, i like it.. (:

Thanks bboof, everything work for me

Can wait ICS version from you..lol

Send from Brightside Room
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] iltore:
@ bbooff the rom works well is stable and has no problems but I tried the rom @ Gustavo RD78 (v 6 edition) really fast, I suggest you go to firmware 64 is too fast
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Draygon:
Data isn't working for my Mini Pro. :(

I don't know what's the problem, I tried a few kernels (the hybrom kernel, rage kernel, x kernel)

Besides data, everything is working for me. Even wifi.

I also flashed this rom a couple of times, with: wipe cache, full wipe, dalvik cache wipe, battery wipe.

What could be the problem? With Cyanogenmod, data is working for me.

Thanks in advance!
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Someguyfromhell:
APNs, data network settings have to be correctly set.

Settings-Wireless and Networks - Mobile Networks - Access Point Names

There should be info about your operator's settings, if not, Settings - Sony Ericsson - Internet Settings - Accept. It will try to get these settings then.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Draygon:
Thanks, Someguyfromhell. :)

Everything is working fine now, awesome. :D
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Alchnemesis:
Oh, you removed the phonebook/call look that was in v14.. too bad, I was kind of liking it :D

You had troubles with contact import with that?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] BudgyN1:
For some reason v15 is very sluggish for me? Is it just because my phone or has anyone else felt the same?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Draygon:
I found another bug with Dolphin HD, but I'm not sure if this is a bug of hybrom...

Every time I open Dolphin HD, it is opening a new tab with www.google.com for me.

I didnt have this issue with other roms and it's really annoying for me.

Is there a fix for this?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Dheny Brightside:
setting APN for your provider?

For me v15 all work stable

Send from Brightside Room
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Dheny Brightside:
I dont have this issue,

Try to reinstal dolphin browser

Send from Brightside Room
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Alchnemesis:
For me, APN settings are correctly filled up, but data still doesn't work on my ST15i.

Any suggestions? Using Rage kernel but, I'm not sure that's the issue (on previous versions v14, v13 was woking flawless)
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Draygon:
I sadly can't delete Dolphin HD, because it is the standard browser.

Ohh, sad. sad. :( This really annoys me, with dolphin.

Edit: I deleted my old shortcut for dolphin and used a new one, now the problem is gone. =)
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Someguyfromhell:
Not VPN but APN settings.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Someguyfromhell:
Had this on hybroman v14 opera mobile when first installed. Then I used another ROM and when I came back, didn't happen anymore.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Alchnemesis:
Yeah yeah, I edited my post, it was a typpo. So, APN settings are all right, but data isn't working
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] PoedelPCS:
oh sure you can, as I did yesterday. Dolphin is too bloaty in my eyez. In the first thread there is a zip with that you can reinstall standard browser, then delete dolphin.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] systemtemp:
com.android.email force close every time it opens. Any solution for that? Can't check my emails :S
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] miladsector:
would u offer me the best kernel (with link) that is working fine with v15 and have minimum battery consumption???
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Alchnemesis:
So, I get back to v14 and Data is working without any problems.

Did you, bbooff, use some of the modules from ICS for data? 'Cause I know they are buggy
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] fanaticprakash:
@mila

@Mila

This Bbooff's kernel is good with hybrom, battery backup also good. . .

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1440161

For better battery backup use setcpu profiles :)
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] fanaticprakash:
Have you tried updating hybrom 14 to 15 without wiping data?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Alchnemesis:
Haven't. Think that would do the trick?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] fanaticprakash:
I hope, when I update to 15 I didn't set any settings: -)
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
Did you flash the stock firmware first?

If you did, then it is very possible that you have downloaded a corrupted file.

Try downloading the rom again.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
Try to install back the chinese and japanese keyboards.If this does not solve the problem,

let me know.I might have another idea...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Us3Less:
I downloaded it from here

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1341460

Currently running on it .

Please advice .... Thank you
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Nezbert:
Thanks for such a quick reply bbooff!

I'm in the UK, using a UK purchased phone in English [GB]. Would the Chinese/Japanese keyboards make any difference?

The error that Jorte gives me is this:

The application Jorte (process jp.co.johospace.jorte) has stopped unexpectedly. Please try again.

This comes up in a dialog with 'Force Close' and 'Report' buttons underneath.

I should add that I'm using Kamarush's kernel #3, which I flashed after installing the ROM, if that makes any difference.

Edit: Installed stock fonts, that didn't solve the problem. Trying Chinese/Japanese keyboards from 1st page now...

Edit2: Installed Chinese/Japanese keyboards, still no change in the Jorte fault. I can get around it by using the touchscreen to enter new tasks onto the To Do list, but as soon as I flip out the keyboard (either before or after I hit 'new task') it initiates the error.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
I meant that the file of hybrom might be corrupted.Try to download hybrom again...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
If you have the time, please download hybromv2 and see if installing it, solves the problem.

Does jorte calendar has anything to do with facebook?

I mean is it linked with facebook in any way?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Nezbert:
I had both Facebook components frozen in Titanium Backup, because I don't use Facebook. These were Facebook extension 2.0.13 and Facebook Post Viewer 1.0.A.0.3.

I unfroze them in case this was the cause, but no change.

I've now downloaded and installed Hybrom_v2 and there is still no change. I didn't wipe all user data, so I am going to go back into CWM and wipe all data and apps and try again using Hybrom_v2.

Could I ask a request? Would it be possible the next time you upload something to the front page of this thread to include an MD5 checksum underneath? I'm using a old, slow laptop here and it would be good to check the veracity of ROM's before I install them. Thanks.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
I really cannot, for now, locate where the problem is because the hardware keyboard works fine with everything else...

I promise to look into it during christmas vacation but i do not promise that i wiil find a solutiion.

Your bug is very strange...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Nezbert:
It's working!!

After wiping user data/cache/dalvik I installed only Android Market and Jorte.

Jorte is now working correctly on a new installation of Hybrom_v2. This leads me to think that there was nothing intrinsically wrong with Hybrom_v4 or Hybrom_v2, as it wasn't working with either before I did a complete system wipe. It must be an incompatibility with one of the apps I had installed or maybe something I had frozen in Titanium.

I'm going to install/freeze everything one at a time in Hybrom_v2 and then if I can identify what it is that caused the problem I'll come back on here and let you know.

Thanks for all the quick replies bbooff.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
O.k Nezbert.

About the md5, in the next upload it will be right next to the download link.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Nezbert:
OK. I removed and froze everything with Titanium Backup that I did last time, checking Jorte for errors along the way.

Then I gradually installed all my apps again, checking Jorte after installing each one or two.

Everything works!

I must have either removed or frozen something I shouldn't have, or I have changed one of the display options in Jorte which made it vulnerable. That's the only thing I can think of, as all of the apps are the same.

Bloody computers! Who'd have them!

Now I'm going to upgrade back to Version 4, which should be fine as I think I've already eastablished that it wasn't a problem with bbooff's ROM.

EDIT: Now running Version 4 with Jorte, no problems.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] chrisbymoningka:
same problem now i'm stuck on the "Sony Ericsson" text

I've flash your kernel do the full wipe, wipe cache partition, wipe dalvik cache..

but it not work..

or i must reflash the FW??
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
Do the following:

Flash the official .58 firmware with flashtool

Flash a my kernel (attached in the third page of this post) with fastboot

Then flash my rom.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] chrisbymoningka:
i've flash FW .58 with flashtool, flash your kernel, then flash your rom (hybrom v4).

but still stuck in the boot "sony ericsson".:confused:
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
Did you make a full data wipe?

I really do not know what is wrong my friend...

Try v4.5
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
Hybrom v4.5 now uploaded...

Minor changes and some christmas spirit...

No more updates until 2012.Got to rest...

MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL!
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] IMRAND:
Dude Keep up the good work

Iam using your HYBROM v4 with KRsH kernel.

Waiting for v5.

Take Rest & come back soon.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Us3Less:
Just an update for u

Redownload V4.4 , redo the steps ..... stuck at SE logo

Downloaded V4.5 , full wipe and this time even battery wipe ..... Still stuck at SE logo

:confused:

I seriously cant seem to find any step I've missed . Any suggestion will be appreciated .

P/S : possible due to my bootloader being unlocked officially thru SE ?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] chrisbymoningka:
i've same problem here..

i really eager to tried your rom. trying to flash v4.5..

anyone on krsh.v2 kernel how to flash this ROM??

or I must go to stock kernel then flash it??
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
No.This is not possible.My bootloader is unlocked using the same way.So this is not the problem.Neither can i find anything that you might have missed.

Try giving me some more information about your device.

Do this:

Dial *#*#7378423#*#*

Go to service info, take and post screenshots of every field.

Model info,Software info,SIM lock and Configuration.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] little_mojo:
Need some help guys installed this did full wipe, now stuck on the sonyericsson screen, cant enter recovery. Any way to fix this i hope its not bricked im loving this phone.

Thanks
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] ganjar1989:
have you unlocked your bootloader?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
Why you don't read the installation instructions?

You cannot install hybrom through nAa's recovery.

Anyway, your device is not bricked.It just can't boot.

A fast way to fix it is to flash the official firmware using flashtool...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] little_mojo:
Yes unlocked the bootloader and installed recovery
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
Yes, but still you tried to install hybrom through nAa's recovery.You must install a custom kernel first...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] little_mojo:
Thank you, you put my mind at rest. What recovery do i use? Thanks for your help will try get this sorted tommo
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
You use nAa's recovery.

Don't worry.Nothing is bricked.Tomorrow you will sort everything out.

Install a custom kernel (i think there are four available on xda (including mine))

Then, you can install whatever rom you want...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
About some "bugs" mentioned.

I spent a lot of time testing data with sk17i and with mt11i (i have a test version almost ready to be released for neo v).I never came across any problem.Anything that concerns data is the same between v14 and v15, and data works fine on these two phones at least...

I also executed many times the e-mail application and everything worked fine.

I don't really know what you do with your devices guys...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] coolbuy:
i experience the same bugs as i mentioned while i was using hybromv14 :(.

Anyhow, i replaced all the apks with hybrom 11 one.. now everything works fine,:)
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] miladsector:
i get messages on my home screen as a pop up. i will need to press ok button in the pop up in order to close it, but it will come back in one or two minutes. [/IMG]

i have this problem every 30 sec and i have to press ok and ok and ok

this problem exist in both version of 14and15

i have st15i
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Dheny Brightside:
Maybe problem come from go launcher, try used sony ericsson home.

Send from Brightside Room
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Dheny Brightside:
I agree bboof, i never see some bug..

For me v15 great.. Fast, stable, nice, and good sound...

Thanks for ur work..

Send from Brightside Room
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] miladsector:
I disable the go launcher but the problem stil exist.

in nokia phone :setting:cell info display

this is Cell broadcast,but how can I disable it in st15i?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] hnl_dk:
I am using GO Launcher EX all the time... not with this ROM/Kernel, but FXP and it is working perfectly with ICS/CM9.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] miladsector:
i see 3models of samsung .they can enable or disable cb(cell boardcasting) in messege:setting:cb

but in this rom doesent have. plz help .i love this rom and i want to use it
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
I am using go launcher with this rom and with this kernel, and no problem has risen till now.

I really don't know what is happening with your devices.

Anyway, i will try to find the root of the problem and if it is in nxt apks, i will prepare a zip file with the old apks so that anyone who encounters problems can flash it...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] karan1051993:
No bugs found in my device mentioned above works gr8!

sent from mangoe's eii
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] miladsector:
any idia for disableing cb(cell boardcasting or cell info display) in st15 rom?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Alchnemesis:
What I did, same as every time. Wipe data and cashe and install the zip.

Nothing odd, nothing different, and like I said, having strange bugs with data (well not working at all).

Anyhow, will try these days one more time without wiping the app data and see how that will go.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] giosal:
it would be nice to return program called "Connected Devices", it is very useful, to use DLNA. It was integrated in the stock rom.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
dlna apk is added under the "USEFUL CWM FLASHABLE ZIPS" section...

By the way, hybrom now also supports mt11i (neo v).

If any of you guys owns a neo v can give it a try:http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1560387
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Draygon:
In v16, could you make the status bar semi-transparent (there where the battery icon is)?

This would look awesome!

Like in this theme: http://zdune.mod2xtreme.com/images/sneak_t.png

(source: http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1189723)
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
if i make the status bar semi transparent, the date will always be visible (up left corner), and the notifications will be mixed with the date when they pop up...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] iltore:
V16 when? Thx
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] Someguyfromhell:
V15 didn't come long ago out, give him some time to improve the ROM more and not release new version after every little small change.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] redtab:
hey bbooff, i love ur ROM so much. Could you renew the call screen in V16 ??

http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1533575 <-- like this, it is cool.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] QguAr:
bbooff please next editi your rom add, "Stop app via long-press Back", thx super robota.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] babis01:
Just instaled your rom bbooff and only one word comes to my head.. AWESOME!!

Thanks mate !!
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] stojko007:
need a help. ST15i installed this rom, and after reboot phone keep vibrating on, all the time. like i am pressing back button....same in cwm, i cant do anything...any ideas?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
If you have this problem in cwm, then the problem is not in the rom.Try changing the kernel.If you still have this problem, then flash the official ftf via flashtool...
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] quangnhut123:
bbooff i wanna ask you. What's best kernel for this rom ?

I'm using this rom with your kernel : http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1440161

But seem to be old su binary and old superuser.apk file please update to new version.

And one more your font used on this kernel cannot display vietnamese :( I have to came back stock font for display properly !

Why dont include bravia engine on next version ? bbooff

And other way . Any kernel compatible with this rom ? I'm looking at x-kernel because it's save very much battery than rage kernel . Please show me advise !

X-Kernel use other wlan driver not stock driver so is it compatible with this rom ?
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
The best kernel for any rom is a matter of taste.I prefer kernels with minor modifications upon the stock kernel(like mine).Others prefer more tweaked kernels that offer OC and other features.

The su apk and the su binary in the kernel are no so old.They are one version behind, they are designed for gingerbread and you can update them anyway.But you are right.I must update them.I will do it as soon as i have the time...

The font is not in the kernel.It is in the rom.But i do not plan to change it.Sorry my friend. I really like it.That's why i have also uploaded the stock font, in case someone wants to change it...

Bravia engine is already included in this rom... (since v1)

I just realized that bravia engine was included but not activated on wt19i.Everything will be o.k. in v16.
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] quangnhut123:
Haha thanks dude ! I mistyped kernel with rom thanks for correcting me :D. Do you try both kernel x-kernel and rage kernel ? I used 3 kernel : your kernel, rage and x-kernel. Your kernel seem to be like stock rom about battery consumption. Rage i dont know why some time it reboot my phone :( . X-kernel is the best saving battery consumption with your hybrom . it's perfect couple of rom and kernel :). I charged my phone 100% and stay my phone standby after 12 hours, it's only decreased 3%. Unbelievable !

You need the other nice font support unicode character.

I use WT19i if you want me to test your pre-release rom please contact me via this inbox. I'm already to help you :) And bravia engine seem to be not activated in build.prob :)

And one small thing is how to change logo of your kernel because i want to customize it :). I think it can be done with azuzu tools
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] PoedelPCS:
I got a strange phenomena on sk17i:

The battery is empty at 10%. With the OFW before that worked like it should until 0%

Even wiping battery stats did not help.

Okay, I know that now, but if it worked correctly I would prefer ;)
[Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini, Mini Pro, Xperia Pro, A] :
I think the problem is that your battery is not calibrated.Wiping battery stats won't do any good.

Take a look at this:http://www.xda-developers.com/andro...rs/ShsH+(xda-developers)&utm_content=FaceBook

You need to calibrate your battery.There are a few tools available but i have never used them, so i do not have an opinion on how they work...