[AT&T Samsung Galaxy S II SGH-I777] tejones36:
Edit: To try and get a little more participation and interest, the definitions as of 11/1/2011 are found below (copied with permission). Note that there are still some specifics (like Modems and Kernels) that are specific to the Galaxy S, which will be updated later.

There is an excellent post by jmtheiss in the Captivate forums; it is sticky'd in the General forum named "XDA and Android Terms and Acronyms". This is an excellent thread to reference any unfamiliar terms in the various posts here as well, since all of the general concepts are the same (although many specifics need some work.). It's a great dictionary for beginners since it eases some of the steep learning curve in deciphering the somewhat arcane terminology being used by the veterans who take for granted that the definitions they use are understood. I'll take a stab at updating this thread (assuming there is any interest) with GS II specific terminology if anyone has any suggestions, but the OP has been helpful and is still updating the post with new definitions.

I'd encourage any beginners to look through the post since it answers many questions. (I found it very valuable myself at any rate!) Note, I'll clean it up for readability later to include the links from the original post. In the meantime I'd encourage you to hit the above link to the original thread if you are seeking more information, and scroll down to see if there is a link.

Hopefully this will address a few questions, and help anyone new to the forum. I've assembled a list of terms and acronyms used on the forum below. Terms with links go to sources or threads with additional information. An item in all caps in a definition is one that I've defined elsewhere.

Use CTRL+F to find a specific term.

FORUM RELATED

SEARCH: The button just above the title of the forum or thread you are in. This should be your first resort when trying to find information. See button screenshot below.

GENERAL: This is the place for posting anything general. These include tips, ideas, comments, etc.

Q/A: This is the place for posting any questions. If you have a bug to report in a program or ROM (and have the minimum of 10 posts), post it in the appropriate thread in the ANDROID DEVELOPMENT subforum.

ACCESSORIES: This forum is for any items that attach to the physical hardware of the Android device.

ANDROID DEVELOPMENT: This is the place for posting Hacks/Mods/ROMs/Modems/Kernels. Generally reserved for developers, there is a 10-post minimum before a user can post here. This is the place to inform developers of bugs or software issues - ask questions in the Q&A subforum.

THEMES AND APPS: This is the place for posting themes as well as programs. Many applications can be interchangeable with Android Development, so use your best judgement.

FWIW: Short for "For what it's worth"

OP: Short for Original Poster, or the person who originally started the thread.

PM: Short for Private Message. Allows users of XDA to send and receive non-public messages. Accessed from USER CP.

THREAD: An individual issue page on the forum. This thing you're reading is a thread.

THREAD TOOLS: A button that allows users to subscribe and unsubscribe from THREADs. Subscriptions can be accessed from USER CP. See button screenshot below.

USER CP: Short for User Control Panel. This button near the top of the XDA page allows users to update their avatar, personal information, and signature. PMs and subscribed threads can also be checked in this location. See button screenshot below.

YMMV: Short for "Your mileage may vary".

ANDROID DEVICE RELATED

ADB: Short for Android Debug Bridge. Part of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK), it allows for ROOT-level access to the Android device from a computer.

AOSP: Short for Android Open Source Project. The open-sourced code from which individuals can build new distributions of Android.

APK: An Android executable file, similar to the .exe file in Windows. Most programs will install with a .apk file.

AUDIENCE CHIP: A voice processing chip installed on the I897/Captivate that provides noise suppression and voice quality enhancement for phone functions.

BACKLIGHT NOTIFICATION: A program that turns the LEDs behind the Menu/Home/Back/Search buttons on to indicate system events (e.g. new voicemail, etc).

BLN: Short for Backlight Notification. See BACKLIGHT NOTIFICATION.

BOOTLOADER: There are two of these that can be flashed, the primary and secondary bootloaders. These programs tell the Android device how to start up, and are critical to its functionality.

BRICK: An Android device that is completely non-responsive, i.e. nothing lights up, the screen does nothing, no combination of button presses cause any reaction. Can only be restored by JTAG, UNBRICKABLE MOD, or warranty service.

BUILD.PROP: A plain text file which contains environmental variables for the system to use during operation. Can be hacked to fake a different model for increased functionality, among many other operations.

BUSYBOX: An application that contains many standard Unix tools. Commonly used with TITANIUM BACKUP.

BUTTON COMBO: The act of pressing several buttons at the same time to produce a desired result (e.g. pushing volume up, volume down, and the power button for 10 seconds on FROYO will reboot into the RECOVERY menu). 3-Button Combo is a common example.

CLAY: An Android device that is not fully functional, but shows signs of functionality. Unlike a BRICK, the clay can be recovered without using JTAG. See also SOFT BRICK, BRICK.

CLOCKWORKMOD RECOVERY MENU: This is a program that allows you to install custom ROMS as well as do many other low-level customizations. Often referred to as the "RECOVERY MENU". See also "ROM MANAGER"

CM: Short for CyanogenMod. CyanogenMod is an Android build built from the Android Open Source Project, and its builds are usable on multiple different Android Devices.

CWM: Short for ClockWorkMod Recovery Menu. See CLOCKWORKMOD RECOVERY MENU.

DALVIK CACHE: The collection of program information stored for use by the DALVIK program. This can be cleared from the RECOVERY menu to resolve issues with the Android OS.

DALVIK: The Android operating system's memory management tool. This program handles which other programs are running and assigns memory to them

DEODEXED: Removing the .odex files from an APK file. The .odex files contain a list of dependencies for the associated file, and if something changes, the .odex (and similarly, the associated file) not longer function correctly.

DOWNLOAD: The download menu is the lowest-level interface to the Android device. Allows for full access to all flashable items on the device via the ODIN/HEIMDALL tool.

ECLAIR: The Android OS version 2.1.x. See also STOCK.

EFS: The directory /efs on the Android device's internal storage. Contains files with the Android device's IMEI, wireless devices MAC addresses, product code, and other information..

EXT4: A journaling file system (e.g. NTFS, FAT32 are file systems) often used by Linux distributions. Can be used with Android.

EXTERNAL SD: A micro SD card that has been inserted in the micro SD slot in the Android device. Can be removed.

FACTORY RESET: This will remove all user customizations in the Android OS, returning it to a factory state. Note: This will not wipe the Internal SD card.

FC: Short for FORCE CLOSE. See FORCE CLOSE.

FLASH COUNTER: New with the Galaxy S II, this is a counter accessed by pressing vol up + vol down and then inserting the USB cable to your computer. (This is done from a powered down phone and you do NOT hit the power button.) This shows the number of times custom firmware has been uploaded to the device. See here for the full discussion on what this means and how to avoid it. This can be used to show you have voided your warranty even if you have returned to full stock. There are methods around this (at least for now) by using a USB Jig, or writing the zImage directly to the device without using a bootloader.

FLASHING: The act of writing code to the Android device. ROMs, MODEMs, KERNELs, and BOOTLOADERs can all be flashed. Independent from, and having nothing to do with, Adobe's Flash product.

FORCE CLOSE: When a program on the Android device becomes unstable, the DALVIK program will force it to terminate to prevent further system instability.

FREEZE: Specific to TITANIUM BACKUP. Using the TITANIUM BACKUP tool, the user changes a program into a non-functional, but still installed, state. Useful for identifying problem and FCs.

FROYO: The Android OS version 2.2.x. This version of Android OS was released via AT&T to the captivate as an update over KIES MINI.

GB: Short for Gingerbread, the Android OS version 2.3.x.

GOVERNOR: A program that interacts with the device hardware to increase or decrease the processor's clock speed (e.g. at low usage, it will set the processor speed to 400 MHz, but as usage increases, it would scale up to 1000 MHz).

HEIMDALL: An open-source program by Benjamin Dobell that allows the Android device to be flashed back to stock or with custom software. See also ODIN.

HEIMDALL ONE-CLICK: An open-source, cross-platform, auto-dependency-installing, Linux, Windows and Mac one-click ROM deployment system based on the Open-Source project Heimdall, with multiple adminsitrative, technical and engineering controls making it much less likely to "brick" a phone then ODIN. Heimdall One-Click was created by Recognized Developer Adam Outler.

HSUPA/HSDPA: Short for High Speed (Up/Down) Packet Access. This is 3G+, and is the Android device's internet speed level between 3G and 4G.

I9000: The Samsung Galaxy international model. SImilar to the Captivate, Fascinate, Vibrant, and Mesmerize.

IMEI: Short for International Mobile Equipment Identity. A unique number to identify GSM, WCDMA, and iDEN phones. Used by GSM networks to identify valid devices.

INTERNAL SD: The internal storage memory of the Android device. Not a physical SD card that can be removed.

JIG: A piece of hardware that makes a physical connection between pins 4 and 5 of the USB slot to force the Android device into DOWNLOAD mode.

JTAG: A process of connecting directly to the main board of the Android device to rewrite corrupted BOOTLOADERS.

KERNEL: The collection of software drivers and more "nuts and bolts" programs that allow the basic functionality of the device.

KIES MINI: A Samsung-proprietary program that allows flashing of official updates to the Android OS.

LAGFIX: Changing the file system used by the Android OS (ususally to EXT4) to reduce the perceived lag in the operation of the Android device.

LAUNCHER: A program that launches programs in Android. Examples are Touchwiz (Samsung), Launcher Pro, ADW Launcher, and Go Launcher.

MODEM: The software that interfaces with the phone's radio hardware to connect to cell phone towers.

MODEM DANCE: A combination of key presses, MODEM flashes, and reboots required to force some Android devices to restrict the band use to the 850 MHz WCDMA band.

NANDROID BACKUP: A complete system image backup of the Android device except for the MODEM and KERNEL. Can be accessed from CWM.

NO-WIPE PACKAGE: A rom update package that leaves the user's market apps intact while still performing the updates to the system files. Restoring from backup is not necessary. See also WIPE PACKAGE.

NV_DATA.BIN: An encrypted file in the /EFS directory that contains the Android device's IMEI number and product code. See also EFS.

OC: Short for Overclocking. See OVERCLOCKING.

OCLF: One Click Lag Fix - a outdated method of using the EXT2 file system to reduce perceived lag in the Android OS. See also LAGFIX.

ODEX: A file that is associated with an APK file, containing a list of the dependencies for the program. See also DEODEXED.

ODIN: A Samsung proprietary program that allows the Android device to be flashed back to stock or with custom software. See also HEIMDALL.

ODIN ONE-CLICK: A version/package of the ODIN program that contains and will preload the necessary files to flash back to STOCK (usually ECLAIR).

ODIN THREE BUTTON: A version/package of the ODIN program that will FLASH the necessary files to restore the three-BUTTON COMBO used to get a FROYO ROM into the RECOVERY MENU. Only needs to be used if the user's Android device is missing the files necessary. ODIN ONE-CLICK must be flashed prior to using this package to avoid CLAY/BRICK status.

ONECLICK UNBRICK: A program developed by recognized developer Adam Outler that will release the locks on an Android device that are holding it in a CLAY state.

OVERCLOCKING: Setting the processor's clock speed to run faster than its default setting, i.e. 1200 MHz (1.2 GHz) vs 1000 MHz (1.0 GHz).

PIT FILE: Short for Partition Information Table file. One of the possible file types used while flashing with ODIN or HEIMDALL.

PRIMARY BOOTLOADER: Also known as First Stage Bootloader. The first bootloader run at boot time, this bootloader finds RAM for the Android device, and hands the boot sequence off to the SECONDARY BOOTLOADER. File name is "boot.bin". See also BOOTLOADER, SECONDARY BOOTLOADER.

RAT: Short for Radio Access Technology. This determines how the network decides the QoS (quality of service) on the connection between the Android device and the carrier's data towers.

RECOVERY: The menu that allows a user to do many low-level operations on the Android Device. This menu can either be the stock Samsung menu, or the CLOCKWORKMOD RECOVERY MENU (CWM). See also CWM.

REORIENTED: Changing the code of a KERNEL from one device (e.g. Samsung Galaxy S) so that it will function on another device (e.g. Samsung Captivate).

RFS: A Samsung-proprietary file system (e.g. NTFS, FAT32 are file systems) used on STOCK Android. Stands for Robust File System.

ROM: The collection of programs, themes, and settings that create the general look-and-feel of your Android device. This is what most users will initially be wanting to change.

ROM MANAGER: The Android OS front end program for the CLOCKWORKMOD RECOVERY MENU (or CWM). Allows use of many of the CWM features from inside the Android OS. See also CWM.

SECONDARY BOOTLOADER: Also known as Second Stage Bootloader. The second bootloader run at boot time, this bootloader handles the processes required to allow the Android device to boot the main kernel, such as file systems, memory, and MODEM. File name is sbl.bin. See also BOOTLOADER, PRIMARY BOOTLOADER.

ROOT: Changing the permission level of the Android system to its most powerful level, the root user, allowing full access to the file system.

SILVER SPEAKER: One of the most powerful and dangerous modifications to the Android device available. Can cause a variety of results, from improved signal to radioactive cats in boxes. Should not be used by the infirm or those with faulty gluons.

SOFT BRICK: This does not exist. A misnomer for a device that is not functioning correctly, but still shows some signs of operation. See CLAY.

STOCK: The Android software version that comes installed on new devices, prior to sale to the user. On the original Captivate, it was Eclair 2.1. Can also be used to refer to the Android software issued from Samsung or the carrier.

TETHER: Connecting the Android device to a computer via a wired or wireless connection to allow the transfer of data through the Android device's internet connection. Commonly used to provide internet access to a laptop or desktop computer when other methods are not desired or available.

THEME: A collection of images, backgrounds, colors, font types, and other visual items to change the Android device's look and feel. Separate from LAUNCHER, and is usually FLASHed in CWM.

TIBU: Short for Titanium Backup. See TITANIUM BACKUP.

TITANIUM BACKUP: A backup utility available in the Android Market that allows users to back up their applications, the saved data for the applications, and system settings.

UNBRICKABLE MOD: A hardware modification that removes a resistor and reconnects another resistor to the removed resistor's active pad, permanently allowing the Android device to reach a development board state. This allows reloading of bootloaders that have previously been corrupted or incorrectly installed, along with preventing the Android device from ever reaching a true "hard brick" state. Originally developed by Recognized Developer Adam Outler.

UNDERVOLTING: Setting the voltage levels drawn by the Android device to a lower level to reduce overall battery usage.

UV: Short for Undervolting. See UNDERVOLTING.

VOODOO LAGFIX: Converts /system, /cache, /dbdata and /data to Ext4 with optimized parameters for speed but also guaranteeing data integrity. Also configures the write behavior of Linux to prevent lag from happening, plus applies some memory management providing a better balance than stock settings.

VOODOO COLOR: A series of improvements to the visual elements of the Android OS. Enhances clarity, offers color adjustments, and other visual tweaks.

VOODOO SOUND: A series of improvements to the audio elements of the Android OS. Enhances audio clarity, allows for more powerful adjustment to overall sound levels, plus additional tweaks.

WCDMA: Short for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access. An air interface standard in 3G mobile communications networks that allows higher speeds and more users.

WIPE PACKAGE: A rom package that will format the portions of the Android device where the user's market apps are stored, in addition to any updates to the system folders. After a wipe package is installed, the user will have to restore apps from a backup or redownload them from the Android Market. See also NO-WIPE PACKAGE.

ZIPALIGNED: An archive alignment tool that provides important optimization to APK files. The purpose is to ensure that all uncompressed data starts with a particular alignment relative to the start of the file. Reduces RAM consumption.

ACRONYMS SPECIFIC TO MODEMS, KERNELS, AND ROMS

Note: The Modems and Kernels below are for the Galaxy S, not the Galaxy S II at this time. They will be updated later.

MODEMS

Note: most modems are referred to by the last three letters - e.g. JP3, JK3, JK4.

DTJP3: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

AOJP3: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

BVJP3: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

UGJK3: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

UGJK4: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

TLJL3: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

BVJJPD: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

XXJPY: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

UGJL2: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

BUJS1: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

ZNKP1: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

VJJPG: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

UBJP9: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

ZSJPG: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

TDVJP9: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

XXJVE: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

XXJQ1: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

UGKC1: FROYO (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

XXJVK: GINGERBREAD (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

BUJV3: GINGERBREAD (WCDMA 1900 KERNEL ONLY)

UBJV6: GINGERBREAD (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

XXJVO: GINGERBREAD (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

UGKG3: GINGERBREAD (I9000 KERNEL ONLY)

UCKB1: FROYO (CAPTIVATE KERNEL ONLY)

KERNELS

JVB: GINGERBREAD

JVH: GINGERBREAD

JVO: GINGERBREAD

JVP: GINGERBREAD

JVQ: GINGERBREAD

JVR: GINGERBREAD

KF1: GINGERBREAD

KH3: GINGERBREAD

KB1: FROYO

JPX: FROYO

JS8: FROYO

JF6: ECLAIR

ROMS

Note: These are only ROM names that use acronyms, not a complete ROM listing

CM: CyanogenMod. See "CM" in Android Device Related section.

MIUI: A Chinese built-from-source ROM. Short for "Mobile Internet User Interface". Also can refer to the MIUI music player, which has been included in other ROMs.

I'm still somewhat new to the board myself, so if I've incorrectly identified what something is or does, please let me know so I can update this post with the correct information. If you can think of any other terms or acronyms that should be included, let me know, and I'll put them up here. I've tried to give credit where it's due by direct linking, but if I've copied something and not cited properly, point it out and I'll update it.