[Thunderbolt General] yareally:
I am not sure what kind of information you're looking for exactly. Your question is rather vague. However, here is an overall generic reply without further details to go on.

http://google.com

that's how i learn. seriously. if you want someone to hold your hand through it, go buy a book on software development or make friends with someone locally that's a computer scientist (or related field) and buy them some beers. If you're more interested in the theming of things, that doesn't take quite as to figure out, but would require some basic design knowlege or sources on how to aquire things if you cant design them. There's quite a few books out for android alone now if you look on amazon. I know o'reilly makes a good one.

I really dont think someone giving you a few quick links will get you very far from my own experience of teaching others. I've tutored a friend on software development and it can be a slow painful process to relate it to someone that has little to no background at first until it starts to "click" (some people it just never clicks because well, not everyone is cut out to do this stuff). After about a year, they finally had a decent grasp on how to develop, but it's something that takes years to really say "you're good" at it (unless you just make doing basic hacking and not really adding to things, that can be accomplished quicker).

Software development and hacking of already made software is something you generally learn best by experience (your own experience more so than others). Short of that, formal courses taught by a decent professor at a university will lay a foundation, but doesn't mean much if you do not add to it with your own bricks.

This is really overall a question you should ask in the general XDA forums or go to somewhere like stackoverflow.com (or their more mobile focused site, http://android.stackexchange.com/) and look for people who have already asked similar questions there. Have you tried to at least do a basic google search for something like android tutorials? If you cant show a little motivation and inspiration on your own, don't hold your breath for someone wanting to mentor you for free since no one wants to explicitly tell you everything all the time, it gets kind of annoying to have to lay things out always when common sense should at least take over sometimes. I know that last statement sounded a little harsh and blunt (and dont take it personally, I just want you to be realistic about it), but it's pretty true.

I think it's great you want to learn and are willing, but I don't think the answers you want can be answered in a thread discussion alone. Your best bet if you cant search for relevant information on the web on your own is to get start by buying a book as I mentioned or take some courses at a university or community college just on basic programming (language and os [so long as it's something linux/unix] doesn't matter so much as just getting the info). If you're too young for college courses, see if your schoool as an AP computer science course or something similar. I don't think anyone who is doing actual development on android got their start on android alone (by development I mean actually writing code, not theming or ripping a few small things out of already made code). It comes from building up and relating basic computer science concepts you carry over.

If you want to build applications for android and hack around on applications already made, learn Java.

If you want to learn how android os works and mod, develop and patch it, learn c and c++.

If you want to mod themes and make your own. Learn how to use a graphic design app like gimp, photoshop, etc and learn the structure of xml documents.

There are other languages that work on android as well (as well as web applications which language no longer matters), but those work on every android enabled device without addons/overhead.

In short though, there are no quick answers and no encompassing solution and any books you see that say "learn x in 24 hours or whatever" are full of s*it.