yamraj047/nepali-legal-rag-data huggingface dataset:
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 487: Exchange of movable property not allowed without consent:
Subsection (2)
(1) If a person exchanges a movable property in contravention of sub-section (1), the exchange of such property shall not be valid if the person acting as the head of family does not consent to such exchange.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 487: Exchange of movable property not allowed without consent:
Subsection (3)
(1) If there is no consent of the person acting as the head of family to the exchange of movable property made in contravention of sub-section (1), the property so exchanged may be taken back within thirty-five days.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 488: Recovery of amount if transaction appears to have been carried
on: Even though any person does not execute a deed by fulfilling the procedures referred to in this Chapter, if it appears from any deed, banking transaction, negotiable instrument, cheque, voucher or book of account that transaction has been carried on with any 266 person, the court may, based on such deed, banking transaction, negotiable instrument, cheque, voucher or book of account, order the recovery of such amount from the debtor to the lawsuit maker.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 489: Procedure to be followed if deed executed on household is lost
or destroyed due to force majeure event: (1) If a deed executed in household is lost or destroyed due to a force majeure event, the creditor shall make an application, setting out the matter, to the concerned Local Level within fifteen days from the date of loss or occurrence of the force majeure event.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 489: Procedure to be followed if deed executed on household is lost
Subsection (2)
If an application is made pursuant to sub-section (1), the concerned Local Level shall draw up a receipt setting out the matter and issue the receipt, sealed with the stamp of the office, to the applicant.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 489: Procedure to be followed if deed executed on household is lost
Subsection (3)
If an application is made pursuant to sub-section (1), the Local Level shall summon the presence of the deed executor, if he or she is alive, and of the nearest heir, if such executor is not alive, within seven days, and cause a deed to be prepared as per the original deed, if he or she so consents, and authenticate such deed and deliver it to the applicant.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 489: Procedure to be followed if deed executed on household is lost
Subsection (4)
If the deed executor does not consent to execute another deed indicating that the deed was lost or destroyed due to a force majeure event pursuant to sub-section (3), the creditor shall make a lawsuit and maintain his or her right, showing the evidence of the loss of deed or occurrence of the force majeure event, within thirty-five days of the expiry of that time-limit. 267
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 490: To return goods transacted in the event of imperfection:
(1) Except as otherwise provided for in the deed, if the receiver of any goods transacted with specification of price is not able to possess the goods due to the fact that the goods do not correspond to that set forth in the deed or are imperfect for any reason, he or she shall give a notice thereof to the giver of goods within thirty-five days of such transaction.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 490: To return goods transacted in the event of imperfection:
Subsection (2)
(1) If a notice is received from the receiver of goods pursuant to sub-section (1) and his or her statement appears to be reasonable, the exchange of goods shall be made if the giver has similar other goods, and if the giver does not have such goods, he or she shall get back his or her goods and cancel the deed executed in relation to such transaction.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 490: To return goods transacted in the event of imperfection:
Subsection (3)
(1) If the giver of goods refuses to exchange or to take back the goods pursuant to sub-section (2), the receiver of goods may make a lawsuit to have recovery of an amount equivalent to the price of such goods and a reasonable compensation for the loss and damage caused to him or her from the concerned person or get such transaction to be void.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 491: To return goods in original condition:
(1) If any person obtains or borrows for any specific purpose any goods owned or possessed by another person whether for rent or not or for borrowing or not or on any other terms and conditions, the person shall, after the completion of the purpose, return the goods that are the same in kind, quantity and quality as have been so acquired or borrowed, to the owner or possessor. 268
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 491: To return goods in original condition:
Subsection (2)
(1) If any person obtains or If the goods obtained pursuant to sub-section (1) are lost, broken, destroyed, out of order or otherwise damaged, except as otherwise provided for in the deed, the person obtaining such goods shall return similar other goods to the owner or possessor or pay to the owner or possessor an amount equivalent to the prevailing market price of such goods if similar other goods are not available.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 491: To return goods in original condition:
Subsection (3)
(1) If any person obtains or Except as otherwise provided for in the deed in relation to the return of, or payment of rent or amount for, the goods pursuant to sub-section (1) or (2), such goods or rent shall be returned or paid to the owner or possessor within fifteen days after the completion of the purpose for which the goods were obtained.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 491: To return goods in original condition:
Subsection (4)
(1) If any person obtains or If the person obtaining the goods fails to return or pay the goods or amount to the owner or possessor within the time-limit under sub-section (3), the aggrieved person may recover the amount of such goods and a reasonable compensation, as well, for the loss caused to him or her.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 492: Statute of limitation:
(1) There shall be no statute of limitation for making a lawsuit in the matter of transaction carried on with intent to take rights to, misappropriate, cause loss to, or disorder, the property of an incompetent and quasi-competent person or in the matter of collection of compound interest or collection of interest in excess of ten percent.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-4
Chapter-15: Provisions Relating to Transactions
Section 492: Statute of limitation:
Subsection (2)
(1) There shall be no statute of limitation for Except as provided for in sub-section (1), a person who is aggrieved from any act done or action taken pursuant to this Chapter may make a lawsuit as follows from the date of such act or action: 269 (a) Where this Chapter provides for a separate statute of limitation for making a lawsuit, within such limitation, (b) Within a period of one year from the date of expiration of the period, if any, specified in any deed, and failing such a deed, or in the other cases, from the date of accrual of the cause of action. 270
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-1: General Provisions Relating to Obligations
Section 493: Obligation to be created:
(1) If there is a legal compulsion for one to do or to abstain from doing any act, an obligation is created if one omits to do or does such an act.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-1: General Provisions Relating to Obligations
Section 493: Obligation to be created:
Subsection (2)
(1) If there is a legal compulsion for The obligation to be created pursuant to sub-section (1) shall be maintained and determined pursuant to this Chapter.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-1: General Provisions Relating to Obligations
Section 494: Circumstances in which obligation is created:
(1) The obligation under Section 493 shall be created and maintained as follows: (a) By a law, (b) By a contract, (c) By an indirect or quasi-contract, (d) By an unjust enrichment, (e) By an unilateral commitment of any person to assume obligation, (f) By an act to be treated as tort under law, (g) By an act to be treated as a quasi-tort under law.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-1: General Provisions Relating to Obligations
Section 494: Circumstances in which obligation is created:
Subsection (2)
(1) The obligation In regard to sub-section (1), (a) The obligation referred to in clause (a) shall be created under this Act or other law. (b) The obligation referred to in clause (b) shall be created under a contact entered into between the parties. 271 (c) The obligation referred to in clause (c) shall be created under an indirect or quasi-contact as defined in
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 495: Obligation to be fulfilled:
(1) A person shall himself or herself fulfill the obligation of any matter which has been so maintained or created as to be fulfilled by him or her or which he or she has undertaken to fulfill.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 495: Obligation to be fulfilled:
Subsection (2)
(1) A person shall himself or herself If such a person dies or becomes of unsound mind prior to the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to sub-section (1), the heir succeeding to his or her property or his or her guardian or curator or the guarantor in the case of a contract relating to guarantee shall fulfill such obligation. 272
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 496: Obligation to be fulfilled within the prescribed time:
(1) If a certain period has been specified for fulfilling any obligation, the concerned person shall fulfill such an obligation within that period.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 496: Obligation to be fulfilled within the prescribed time:
Subsection (2)
(1) If a If a certain day or time has been specified for fulfilling any obligation, the concerned person shall fulfill such obligation on that day or at that time. Provided that if there is a stipulation that the obligation shall be fulfilled within certain day or time, the obligation may be fulfilled even prior to such day or time.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 496: Obligation to be fulfilled within the prescribed time:
Subsection (3)
(1) If a If no period, day or time has been specified under subsection (1) or (2), the period, day or time for fulfilling the obligation shall be determined having regard to the nature of obligation and the obligation shall be fulfilled within a reasonable period.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 496: Obligation to be fulfilled within the prescribed time:
Subsection (4)
(1) If a If any obligation is not fulfilled pursuant to sub-section
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 496: Obligation to be fulfilled within the prescribed time:
Subsection (1)
(1) If a , (2) or (3), the person who is bound to fulfill the obligation shall be deemed to have not been fulfilled, or to have been unable to fulfill, the obligation.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 497: Each person to fulfill obligation:
(1) If more than one person have undertaken to fulfill an obligation or such an obligation has been created in relation to them, every person shall, except as otherwise provided for in the contract, fulfill such an obligation equally.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 497: Each person to fulfill obligation:
Subsection (2)
(1) If more than one person have If any person is bound to fulfill any obligation vis-à-vis more than one person, he or she shall, except as otherwise provided for in the contract, fulfill the obligation vis-à-vis every person equally. 273
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 498: Obligation may be divisible:
(1) If any obligation has to be fulfilled vis-à-vis or by more than one person and the obligation vis-à-vis or by such persons is capable of being divided or fragmented, having regard to its nature, such obligation may be divided and shall be fulfilled by or vis-à-vis every person accordingly.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 498: Obligation may be divisible:
Subsection (2)
(1) If any obligation has to be In the circumstance referred to in sub-section (1), every person or all persons may demand for the fulfillment of the obligation by every person or all persons bound to fulfill such obligation.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 499: Obligation to be fulfilled in good faith: The person who is bound
to fulfill the obligation created pursuant to Section 494 shall fulfill it in good faith.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 500: To bear compensation for failure to fulfill obligation:
(1) If a person bound to fulfill any obligation fails to fulfill it or delays its fulfillment, and thereby a loss or damage is caused to any other person in any manner, such a person shall bear compensation for the actual loss or damage so caused.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 500: To bear compensation for failure to fulfill obligation:
Subsection (2)
(1) If a If a person bound to fulfill any obligation does not fulfill it by fraud or does any act knowingly or recklessly, thereby any loss or damage is caused in any manner, such a person shall bear compensation for the loss or damage so caused.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 501: Obligation contrary to law not to be fulfilled: Notwithstanding
anything contained elsewhere in this Chapter, if the fulfillment of any obligation would be contrary to law, public order or public morality, it shall not be required to fulfill such an obligation. 274
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 502: Impossible obligation not to be fulfilled:
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Chapter, if, at the time of its creation, any obligation of such nature as is impossible for fulfillment has been created, such an obligation shall not be required to be fulfilled.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 502: Impossible obligation not to be fulfilled:
Subsection (2)
(1) Notwithstanding If any obligation which was possible for fulfillment at the time of its creation subsequently becomes impossible for fulfillment, the consequence of such obligation shall be determined according to the law.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 502: Impossible obligation not to be fulfilled:
Subsection (3)
(1) Notwithstanding Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) or (2), if a portion of any obligation can be fulfilled and the rest portion cannot be fulfilled, the obligation shall be fulfilled to the extent that it can be fulfilled.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-15: (d)
Section 503: Statute of limitation: A person who is aggrieved from any act
done or action taken under this Chapter may make a lawsuit within two years from the date of the accrual of the cause of action. 275
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 504: Contract deemed to be made:
(1) If an agreement enforceable by law is concluded between two or more persons to do or abstain from doing any act, a contract shall be deemed to be concluded.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 504: Contract deemed to be made:
Subsection (2)
(1) If an agreement enforceable by For the purposes of sub-section (1), a contract shall be deemed to have been concluded once the person to whom an offer has been made by another person communicates his or her acceptance thereto.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 504: Contract deemed to be made:
Subsection (3)
(1) If an agreement enforceable by Once a contract is concluded, a binding legal relationship shall be created between the parties to it. Explanation: For the purposes of this Chapter,
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 504: Contract deemed to be made:
Subsection (1)
(1) If an agreement enforceable by “Offer” means an offer made by one person to another person with the intent of obtaining his or her acceptance to do or abstain from doing any act.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 504: Contract deemed to be made:
Subsection (2)
(1) If an agreement enforceable by “Acceptance” means the acceptance given by the person to whom the offer has been made in the same meaning in which the offer is made.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 505: Contract enforceable by law:
(1) A contract concluded in fulfillment of the following conditions shall be deemed to be a contract enforceable by law: (a) The consent expressed by a person to a contract to bind himself or herself, (b) Capacity or qualification of a person to a contract to conclude the contract, 276 (c) Certain matter for the creation of an obligation, (d) Lawful obligation.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 505: Contract enforceable by law:
Subsection (2)
(1) A contract concluded in A contract may be made in written or verbal form or even by conduct of the parties to it.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 505: Contract enforceable by law:
Subsection (3)
(1) A contract concluded in Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), if there is a requirement that a particular contract be concluded in fulfillment of any particular procedure or formality, such a contract may not be enforceable unless such procedure or formality is completed.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 506: Persons competent to concluded contract:
(1) Every person other than the following persons shall be competent to conclude a contract: (a) One who is a minor, (b) One who is of unsound mind. Explanation:
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 506: Persons competent to concluded contract:
Subsection (1)
(1) Every person other A person who is usually of unsound mind, but occasionally of sound mind, may conclude a contract when he or she is of sound mind.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 506: Persons competent to concluded contract:
Subsection (2)
(1) Every person other A person who is usually of sound mind, but occasionally of unsound mind, may not conclude a contract when he or she is of unsound mind.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 506: Persons competent to concluded contract:
Subsection (2)
(1) Every person other Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), any person who is deemed incompetent to conclude a particular contract under the law shall not be deemed to be a competent to conclude such a contract. 277
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 506: Persons competent to concluded contract:
Subsection (3)
(1) Every person other In concluding a contract on behalf of a person who is incompetent or quasi-competent, his or her guardian or curator may conclude such a contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 506: Persons competent to concluded contract:
Subsection (4)
(1) Every person other In concluding a contract on behalf of a legal person, it shall be conclude by a decision of the director or directors authorized for the management and operation of such a person or by a person authorized by such a director or directors.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 506: Persons competent to concluded contract:
Subsection (5)
(1) Every person other Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Section, if a person deemed to be incompetent to conclude a contract under this Chapter on any particular matter is competent by other law to conclude a contract on such a matter, such a person shall be deemed to be competent to conclude a contract on that matter.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 507: Parties to be autonomous: The parties to a contract shall, subject to
this Act, be autonomous to choose the form and contents of the contract, to determine terms and conditions of the contact and the nature of the remedy for its breach as well as to determine the measures for resolving disputes arising out of it.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 508: Offer and acceptance deemed to be completed:
(1) Once the offeree comes to the knowledge of an offer, the act of making the offer shall be deemed to have been completed.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 508: Offer and acceptance deemed to be completed:
Subsection (2)
(1) Once the The act of giving acceptance shall be deemed to be completed, in case of the offerer, if the offerer receives the acceptance forwarded by the offeree to the offerer having indicated his or her acceptance to the offer, and in case of the offeree, if the offerer comes to know that the offeree has accepted the offer. 278
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 508: Offer and acceptance deemed to be completed:
Subsection (3)
(1) Once the Even though there is no expression of acceptance to the offer directly, if the offeree abides by any terms mentioned in the offer by way of his or her conduct or accepts the advantage or service mentioned in the offer or indicates acceptance in any other manner, the offeree shall be deemed to have accepted the offer.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 508: Offer and acceptance deemed to be completed:
Subsection (4)
(1) Once the If the offerer makes an offer having stipulated certain time and specifies that the offer is regarded as accepted if a notice of its rejection is not sent within such time, and if the offeree does not send a notice of acceptance of the offer within such time, the offer shall not be deemed to have been accepted.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 509: Offer or acceptance may be revoked:
(1) The offerer may revoke his or her offer through a notice. Provided that, if the offerer has received from the offeree a notice to the effect that he or she has accepted the offer before receiving a notice of revocation of the offer, such an offer shall not be revoked.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 509: Offer or acceptance may be revoked:
Subsection (2)
(1) The offerer may revoke The offeree may revoke his or her acceptance by a notice. Provided that if the offerer has already received the notice of acceptance before receiving the notice of its revocation, such an acceptance shall not be revoked
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 509: Offer or acceptance may be revoked:
Subsection (3)
(1) The offerer may revoke The person who has sent a notice expressing his or her refusal of the offer may again send a notice expressing his or her acceptance to the offer. Provided that, if the notice of refusal out of the notices of refusal or acceptance reaches first, the contract shall not be deemed to have been concluded, and if the notice of acceptance reaches first, 279 the contract shall be deemed to be concluded.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 509: Offer or acceptance may be revoked:
Subsection (4)
(1) The offerer may revoke If the notice under sub-section (1) has been sent after sending the offer, the notice under sub-section (2) has been sent after sending acceptance or the notice under sub-section (3) has been sent after sending a notice of refusal and the concerned person receives such notices at the same time, the contract shall not be deemed to have been concluded.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 509: Offer or acceptance may be revoked:
Subsection (5)
(1) The offerer may revoke If the offeree sends an acceptance with condition or with alteration to the offer sent by the offerer, the offeree shall be deemed to after a counter offer.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 510: Offer deemed to be revoked: An offer shall be deemed to been
revoked in any of the following circumstances: (a) If the offerer makes an offer with a condition that a notice of acceptance to the offer be given within any certain time, and the offerer does not receive a notice of acceptance by the offeree within that time, (b) If the time for sending a notice of acceptance is not specified pursuant to clause (a) and the offeree does not give a notice of acceptance to the offerer within a reasonable time, (c) If the offerer, after making the offer, dies or becomes insane before receiving the acceptance, (d) If the offer is revoked pursuant to Section 509, (e) Even if the acceptance was given by the offeree, the offeree dies or becomes insane before the offerer receives the acceptance, 280 (f) If the offeree sends a counter offer pursuant to subsection (5) of Section 509, (g) If the offerer makes an offer on a condition that the offeree has to do any act or fulfill any condition before accepting the offer, and acceptance is made without doing such an act or fulfilling such a condition.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 511: Contract according to offer made before the public:
(1) If a person makes an offer publicly by means of an advertisement that he or she will pay certain remuneration to any person for doing any act specified in the advertisement, and if any person does such an act, the advertiser shall pay remuneration specified in the advertisement to such a person. Provided that if a person does the act specified in the advertisement without knowing such advertisement, such a person shall not be entitled to the remuneration.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 511: Contract according to offer made before the public:
Subsection (2)
(1) If a If more than one person do the act specified in the offer under sub-section (1), only the person who does the act first shall be entitled to the remuneration. Provided that if two or more persons do the act specified in the offer at the same time, all of such persons shall be entitled to the equal share of the remuneration, and if the remuneration is incapable of being shared, the proceeds of the sale of the remuneration shall be equally divided among them.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 511: Contract according to offer made before the public:
Subsection (3)
(1) If a If a specific period is prescribed for doing the act according to the advertisement published pursuant to sub-section
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 511: Contract according to offer made before the public:
Subsection (1)
(1) If a , the offer made according to the advertisement shall be deemed 281 to have been revoked immediately after the expiry of that period.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 511: Contract according to offer made before the public:
Subsection (4)
(1) If a An offer made pursuant to sub-section (1) may be revoked through the same medium through which it was published.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 511: Contract according to offer made before the public:
Subsection (5)
(1) If a Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (4), if anyone has already done the act specified in the advertisement under sub-section (1) before the publication of the notice of revocation of the offer, the remuneration specified in the advertisement shall be provided. Provided that the person who does the act specified in the advertisement shall notify the advertiser of the completion of the act as soon as possible.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 511: Contract according to offer made before the public:
Subsection (6)
(1) If a If any person begins to do the act specified in the advertisement under sub-section (1) by giving its notice to the advertiser, appropriate remuneration shall be paid to such a person for the act done until the revocation of the advertisement.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 512: Place of formation of contract:
(1) The place where the offerer sends an offer expecting to receive its acceptance shall be deemed to be the place of formation of the contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 512: Place of formation of contract:
Subsection (2)
(1) The place where the offerer If the place is not specified pursuant to sub-section (1), the place where the offerer receives acceptance shall be deemed to be the place of formation of the contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 512: Place of formation of contract:
Subsection (3)
(1) The place where the offerer Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (1) and (2), if the parties specify the place of its formation in the contract, such a place shall be deemed to be the place of formation of the contract. 282
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 513: Contingent contract:
(1) If a contract is concluded to do or not to do any act if some event happens in the future, such a contract shall create no obligation until such an event happens.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 513: Contingent contract:
Subsection (2)
(1) If a contract is concluded to do or not to If a contract is so concluded as to be deemed to be concluded if any person does a particular act in the future, such a contract shall create no obligation if such a person does anything by which he or she becomes unable or it becomes impossible for him or her to do such an act.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 513: Contingent contract:
Subsection (3)
(1) If a contract is concluded to do or not to If a contract is concluded to do or not to do any act if any uncertain event does not happen in the future, the obligation under such a contract shall arise only after such an event becomes impossible to happen.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 513: Contingent contract:
Subsection (4)
(1) If a contract is concluded to do or not to If a contract is concluded to do or not to do any act if any event happens within any fixed time in the future, the contract shall be deemed to be void after such an event becomes impossible to happen within, or after the expiry of, the fixed time.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 513: Contingent contract:
Subsection (5)
(1) If a contract is concluded to do or not to If a contract is concluded to do or not to do any act if any event does not happen within any fixed time in the future, the obligation under such a contract shall arise if such an event does not happen or it becomes certain that such an event will not happen within the fixed time.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 514: Application of general provisions of contract: The provisions
contained in this Chapter and Chapters 3, 4 and 5 of this Part shall, generally, be applicable, to the other contracts to be concluded according to this Act or law. 283
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 515: Interpretation of contract:
(1) A contract shall be interpreted according to the common intention of its parties.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 515: Interpretation of contract:
Subsection (2)
(1) A contract shall be interpreted If the intention cannot be established pursuant to subsection (1), a contract shall be interpreted according to the meaning of general understanding that a reasonable person of the same prudence as a party to the contract would give to it in normal circumstances.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 515: Interpretation of contract:
Subsection (3)
(1) A contract shall be interpreted If one party to a contract knows or is deemed to know a statement and conduct of the other party, the contract shall be interpreted according to the intention of such a party.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 515: Interpretation of contract:
Subsection (4)
(1) A contract shall be interpreted The terms and expressions used in a contract shall be interpreted in the light of the entire contract or the context in which such terms and expressions are used.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 515: Interpretation of contract:
Subsection (5)
(1) A contract shall be interpreted A contract shall be interpreted in a manner so that all the terms used in the contract are given effect without separating some terms from others.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-2: Provisions Relating to Formation of Contracts
Section 516: Statute of limitation: A person who is aggrieved from any act
done or action taken under this Chapter may file a lawsuit within two years after the date of the accrual of the cause of action. 284
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 517: Void contracts:
(1) A contract which is not valid according to law shall be deemed to be a void contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 517: Void contracts:
Subsection (2)
(1) A contract which is not valid according to law The following contracts shall be void: (a) A contract that restraints anyone from exercising any profession, trade or business which is not prohibited by law, Provided that a contract shall not be deemed to be made in restraint of any profession, trade or business in any of the following circumstances:
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 517: Void contracts:
Subsection (1)
(1) A contract which is not valid according to law Where a contract is concluded between a buyer and a seller on the sale and purchase of the goodwill of any trade or business, the contract restraining the seller from carrying on similar trade or business under such goodwill for the time and at the place specified in such contract,
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 517: Void contracts:
Subsection (2)
(1) A contract which is not valid according to law A contract concluded between the partners to restrain them from doing the same profession, trade or business as that of the partnership firm or any other profession, trade or business together with other persons who are competitors of the 285 profession, trade or business of the same nature other than the profession, trade or business of the partnership firm until the partnership exists,
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 517: Void contracts:
Subsection (3)
(1) A contract which is not valid according to law A contract concluded between the partners restraining them from exercising a profession, trade or business of the partnership firm for a certain reasonable period or at a certain place after being separated from the partnership,
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 517: Void contracts:
Subsection (4)
(1) A contract which is not valid according to law A contract so concluded between a person and any person, firm, company or body that the person is restrained from accepting the service of another person, firm, company or body who is the competitor of such other person, firm, company or body until the person is in the service of, or for a specified period after retirement from the service of, such other person, firm, company or body. (b) A contract in restraint of a marriage other than one prohibited by the law, (c) A contract restraining any one from enjoying the facilities being enjoyed by the public, 286 (d) A contract restraining legal right of any person from being enforced by a court, (e) A contract concluded contrary to law or on a matter prohibited by the law in force, (f) A contract made for an immoral purpose or against public order or public interest, (g) A contract which cannot be performed because the parties thereto do not exactly ascertain or know about the matter in relation to which it has been concluded, (h) A contract the performance of which is impossible at the time of its conclusion or a fictitious contract, (i) A contract which is vague because of its subject matter being incapable of giving a reasonable meaning, (j) A contract concluded by a person not competent to make contract, (k) A contract with an illegal purpose, (l) A contract concluded by mistake of both parties as to the essential fact of the contract at the time of its conclusion. 287
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 517: Void contracts:
Subsection (3)
(1) A contract which is not valid according to law A void contract is invalid ab initio and it shall create neither any legal consequence nor any right and obligation of its parties.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 517: Void contracts:
Subsection (4)
(1) A contract which is not valid according to law Even if any part of a contract becomes void, its remaining parts shall be enforceable according to law.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its party, may be declared void by the court shall be deemed to be a voidable contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (2)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its The person aggrieved from any of the following contracts may get the contract voided by the court: (a) A contract concluded by coercion, Explanation: If a person detains or threatens to detain any property of another person or threatens to put that other person's body, life or prestige in peril or commits or threatens to commit any other act forbidden by law, with the intention of causing that other person to enter into a contract against his or her will, the person is said to commit coercion. (b) A contract concluded by undue influence, Explanation:
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (1)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its Undue influence means an influence exercised by a person over another person who is under his or her influence or who may be employed according to his or her will with the intention of 288 taking any unfair advantage for his or her interest or concern.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (2)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its Without prejudice to the generality of clause (1), the following person is deemed to be under influence or who may be employed according to his or will: (a) A person who is under his or her guardianship, curatorship or custody, (b) A person who is incapable of representing his or her interest for the time being or forever by reason of age, illness or physical or mental distress, (c) A person who may be subjected to financial or positional influence of that other person. (c) A contract concluded by fraud, Explanation: A party to a contract or his or her agent is said to commit fraud when he or she, with intent to deceive another party thereto or his or her agent, makes the suggestion, as to a fact, of that which is not true which he or she does not believe it to be true or does any act that is likely to make the other party or his or her agent believe it, or knowingly conceals a fact which is in his or her knowledge or does any such act as the law declares to be fraudulent. 289 (d) A contract caused by misrepresentation. Explanation: Misrepresentation means any of the following acts:
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (1)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its Presenting a false description of any matter or fact on without reasonable basis,
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (2)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its Misleading any party to his or her detriment,
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (3)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its Causing a mistake as to any matter of the contract,
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (4)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its Making assurance to have concluded a contract in one subject and but causing to enter into it in another subject.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (3)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its In the case of a voidable contract under this Section, the following matters shall be governed as follows: (a) The party caused to enter into a contract may, instead of having the contract voided, demand that his or her position be restored into the position that would have been had the contract not been concluded. (b) If a contract is made with the person who is under his or her influence and whose will can be dominated by him or her, the party who claims that he or she has not exercised such undue influence shall have the onus to prove that the contract has not been caused by undue influence. 290
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (4)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its A voidable contract shall, before it is voided, be enforceable as if it were a lawful contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (5)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its If a voidable contract under this Section is voided by the court, it shall not affect the act done under such contract before the voidance.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 518: Voidable contracts:
Subsection (6)
(1) A contract which, at the initiation of its If any contract is voided pursuant to this Section, the legal right or interest of a bona fide third party shall not be prejudiced merely by the reason of such voidance.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 519: Unenforceable contracts:
(1) A contract that is not enforceable by the court shall be regarded as an unenforceable contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 519: Unenforceable contracts:
Subsection (2)
(1) A contract that is not enforceable by Any of the following contracts is not enforceable by the court in spite of its being concluded in fulfillment of the procedures under Chapter-2 of this Part: (a)  A contract required to be made in written form according to law is not concluded in written form, (b) A contract required to be made in fulfillment of any particular formality or procedure or to be registered with any body according to law is not so made in fulfillment of such formality or procedure or is not so registered, (c) Where a contract is concluded on behalf of another person, the contract is concluded on a matter not authorized by, or concluded beyond the authority given by, that other person. 291
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-3: Validity of Contracts
Section 520: Statute of limitation: A person who is aggrieved from any act
done or action taken under this Chapter may make a lawsuit at any time, in the case of a void contract, within one year after the date of accrual of the cause of action for voidance, in the case of a voidable contract, and within two years after the date of accrual of the cause of action, in the case of other contracts. 292
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-4: Provisions Relating to Performance of Contracts
Section 521: Obligation under contract to be fulfilled: Each party to a contract
shall fulfill his or her obligation under the contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-4: Provisions Relating to Performance of Contracts
Section 522: Reciprocal performance of contract:
(1) If a contract is so concluded that the parties to the contract shall fulfill their respective obligations simultaneously and one party demonstrates such conduct or intention that he or she is not willing to fulfill his or her obligation materially, the other party need not perform his or her promise.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-4: Provisions Relating to Performance of Contracts
Section 522: Reciprocal performance of contract:
Subsection (2)
(1) If a contract is so If the contract fixes the order of priority for the fulfillment of any promise, the promise shall be fulfilled in that order, and failing the fixation of such an order, the party who is liable to perform the promise first according to the nature of the contract shall perform it first.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-4: Provisions Relating to Performance of Contracts
Section 522: Reciprocal performance of contract:
Subsection (3)
(1) If a contract is so If, in the case of a contract containing reciprocal promises, and performance of one promise depends on the performance of the other promise, one party cannot perform the contract because of the failure of the other party to perform his or her promise may recover the loss or damage caused by the failure of the other party to perform the contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-4: Provisions Relating to Performance of Contracts
Section 522: Reciprocal performance of contract:
Subsection (4)
(1) If a contract is so If a contract concluded for reciprocal promises to be simultaneously performed pursuant to sub-section (1) and one party prevents the other party from performing such a contract, the other party so prevented is entitled to rescind the contract and also to 293 recover the loss or damage, if any, caused to him or her in consequence of such termination of the contract.
National Civil Code 2017
Part-5
Chapter-4: Provisions Relating to Performance of Contracts
Section 523: Time and manner for performance of contract:
(1) If a contract specifies the time and manner for its performance, the contract shall be performed within the specified time and in the specified manner.