70 PINE STREET
NEW YORK 5

May 24, 1962

Dear Henry,

I send you herewith four letters of intro-
duction together with copy of letter I have written
to each.

Carlos Lacerda is Governor of the State of
Guanabara, one of the leaders of the opposition
party, by profession the best journalist in South
America and recognized leader of the movement in
favor of solidarity with the United States.

Juracy Magalhaes is Governor of the State
of Bahia, also one of the prominent leaders of
the pro-American, pro-hemisphere group. I think
he or Carlos Lacerda might turn up as candidate
for President of Brazil before the story is over.

Carlos Chagas is a renowned physicist,
Brazilian representative on the United Nations
Committee on nuclear fall-out, intimately con-
nected with the Rockefeller Foundation and tops
in the Brazilian scientific world.

Israel Klabin is the head of the second
greatest industrial empire in Brazil. A young
man, he has been the most active factor in
social economic planning for Brazil--and he is
first-rate.

Chagas may perhaps be in Geneva; I don't
know. The other three will be there. You will
have no difficulty in finding them.

With kind regards and good wishes for your
trip, I am,

Professor Henry A. Kissinger,
104 Fletcher Road,
Belmont, Massachusetts.

Sent to: Dr. Carlos Chagas,
Governor Carlos Lacerda,
Governor Juracy Magalhaes,
and Dr. Klabin

May 24, 1962

My dear Israel,

My old friend, Professor Henry A. Kissinger of Harvard is visiting Brazil as a guest of the government. I have taken the liberty of giving him a letter of introduction to you, believing that you can be of very great help not only to him but to the whole situation.

Professor Kissinger is the foremost expert in the United States on the strategy of foreign affairs under conditions of nuclear warfare. His book on that subject, "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy," is a classic. He has been technical adviser to the government of the United States in these matters and was member of a task force dealing with the Berlin crisis. Informally he has been consulted by a number of European governments. In private life he is Director of Institute of International Affairs at Harvard University and was a colleague of mine on the Rockefeller Bros. Commission reports a few years ago.

The government of Brazil desired his visit and I encouraged the project. I know he can learn a great deal about Brazil and he may be able to communicate the American point of view (which is entitled to statement) to our Brazilian friends. Since his government invitation unquestionably provides him with all necessary contact on the government

70 PINE STREET
NEW YORK 5

July 17, 1962

My dear Henry,

Thank you for your letter. This reminds me: I do not know if I have congratulated you on getting your full professorship at Harvard. This is partly because it seems merely stupid that they had not done it before.

I am glad you saw something of Brazil. You are quite right in saying that our frivolousness does not help. The elections of October are likely to be a turning point. I wish I felt more confident about the outcome.

I shall hope to see you in the Fall, since until then I shall be a few weeks in the country, and in Europe until mid-September. My hunch is that the posture of affairs is likely to change radically in the next six months, both internally and externally. The strangulation of bureaucracy will probably prevent even a well-informed and well-intentioned President from being ahead of the difficulty. By next Summer there will be a great deal of work to do. It is a silly position for the strongest power in the world to be in.

2.

Actually, they are as likely to do as good a job
as the Communists. The outstanding fact is that
outside of Russia, the Communists are apparently
unable to organize anything very well: China and
Cuba are two expanding messes internally. When
democracy can not preserve order, it is lost.

2. Your conclusions about Sam Wainer agree with my own--and I have known him for twenty-five years.

3. What is the optimum American attitude? It is a political impossibility for the United States to accept the "blackmail" technique very long.

4. I have never met Celso Furtado, but everything I hear about him agrees with your conclusion. Israel Klabin who helped him would have a very clear view about it.

5. For strictly private consumption, I am afraid we shall have to work through a decade or so of considerable disorder in a good deal of Latin America. The Argentine situation is an illustration. Brazil will be the mildest, partly because Brazilians do not kill, but chiefly because so much of that huge country lives in frontier conditions where politics can not be allowed to interrupt the daily process to get a living from the land.

6. You are everlastingly right about words. "Social form" to us means complete application of concrete plans to meet concrete difficulties. In the sloppy intellectual atmosphere of political South America, it means upheaval, changing base and finding out what will happen next.

7. The main difficulty is intellectual rather than social. Extremist movements are intellectual, not proletarian.

3.

7. There are only a few men with capacity enough to organize the situation--and I question whether they can secure a political base. Lacerda. Juracy. Possibly Nelson de Mello. One would like to think Carvalho Pinto, but he may not have a chance.

The Goulart, or Quadros, or Brizzola outfit might get power but could not organize anything rationally if they got it.

One lacuna in your notes. Lacerda has done a remarkable job in putting infrastructure (schools, water, sewage, construction) under the State of Guanabara under terrific difficulties.

A.A.B.

[LC]

70 PINE STREET
NEW YORK 5

October 26, 1962

My dear Henry,

I am sending you copy of the book which
you may have got anyway--"Latin America: Diplomacy
and Reality." It is an attempt to, for a change,
state the American point of view. We live on this
planet also.

As you will see, there are a couple of
mistakes which ought to be corrected in the next
edition. This is one of the risks one runs when
a quick action job is asked.

President Kennedy has called the bluff,
and I think it was about time. One more show of
weakness and I think World War III could not have
been prevented.

With kind regards, I am,

Dr. Henry Kissinger,
104 Fletcher Road,
Cambridge, Massachusetts.

70 PINE STREET
NEW YORK 5

February 1, 1963

Dear Henry,

Thank you for the article. It is first rate. But the famous Atlantic organization, "Dialogue", enters a new phase. We seem to be in trouble with Canada as well as with France and are not too comfortable even with Great Britain. What "reality" should we strive to create? I want to do some thinking about it. Regrettably it looks as though our capacity to use power--for example, the Caribbean--is the reality must readily at hand. It is fair to note that Khrushchev is having somewhat similar difficulties--but they are as likely to hurt as to help.

With kind regards, I am,

Dr. Henry Kissinger,
Center for International Affairs,
Harvard University,
6 Divinity Avenue,
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts.

70 PINE STREET
NEW YORK 5

April 17, 1963

My dear Henry,

It was kind of you to send me copy of
your article in THE REPORTER. I am just back from
Europe and have had a chance to read your article
with some care in the light of a good deal of Eu-
ropean discussion. There is not, I think, any
great enthusiasm in Europe for the multi-national
nuclear force. At least if there is, I did not
find it.

Meanwhile, one of your ideas is at least
temporarily out of the window. There won't be a
Franco-British cooperative effort for awhile. Your
suggestion that our assistance depend on British-
French ability to get together may help. But it
will certainly take a little time. It would call
for first-class diplomacy, and a tremendous political
sense in relation to the development of both coun-
tries. If Wilson is the next Prime Minister, the
German-French combination may be the only one avail-
able.

I hope we can get together soon and talk
of some of these things.

With kind regards, I am,

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger,
Center for International Affairs,
Harvard University,
6 Divinity Avenue,
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts.