APR 11 1990

MARK ROBERTI
GROUND FLOOR
26 WONG MA KOK ROAD
STANLEY
HONG KONG
TEL: 5-8138275

3 April 1990

Mr. Henry Kissenger
1800 K Street N.W.
Suite 400,
Washington, D.C. 20006
U.S.A.

Dear Mr. Kissenger:

I am an American writer based in Hong Kong. I am currently working on a book about the British colony's return to Communist Chinese sovereignty in 1997, which will be published in 1992 by the New Republic Book Company. My goal is to produce the first complete, accurate, and objective account of the first phase of the hand-over -- from the beginning of the Sino-British talks in 1982 to the promulgation of the Basic Law later this month.

I believe that the issue of Hong Kong's future must be seen in terms of East-West relations. The Sino-British Joint Declaration would not have been possible had it not been for the improvement in Sino-American relations, which you initiated in the early 1970s.

I am writing to you now in the hope that you will be able to provide some insight into your thinking on Hong Kong at that time. How high or low was the colony on your agenda? Did the change of policy towards China bring an automatic change of policy towards Hong Kong? Did Hong Kong ever come up in your discussions with Chinese officials?

I realize that Hong Kong is a small place, and you were dealing with much larger issues at the time. I realize also that you are busy man. But I would be grateful if you could provide any insight into American policy towards Hong Kong during your years as Secretary of State. I would also be eager to know your thinking on the colony's situation today. Any information you provide would be invaluable.

Thank you for your time and cooperation.

SIGNAL

THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF C

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APR 05 1990

■ Command

■ Control

■ Communications

■ Intelligence

■ Electronics

■ Information Systems

April 3, 1990

The Honorable Henry Kissinger
Kissinger Associates, Incorporated
350 Park Avenue, 26th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10022

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

It has been some time since we have had the opportunity to talk on the phone relating to news and world events. I have, however, forwarded copies of SIGNAL Magazine to let you know of my latest endeavor, and I am enclosing the latest issue with this letter.

You may find several articles of interest in the last three issues that could prove useful in business. As you will note, the wire services are beginning to regularly extract and release SIGNAL material to the mass media.

Upcoming in the May issue are several more articles that are likely to garner wide media attention: the use of electromagnetic energy to fire projectiles not only at hypervelocities but to ranges of several hundred kilometers; and the French multistatic radar system designed to unmask stealth aircraft.

You may also be interested in a new book, "Overdrawn," published by the New American Library and slated for release late this summer. The author is my son, Michael Robinson, who provides a riveting account of power, greed, mismanagement and incompetence in the savings and loan industry that could cost the taxpayer $2 billion.

The book is the inside story of the biggest single S&L bailout so far, and a tale of corporate growth gone mad, regulatory negligence, deliberate deception and willful ignorance. It is a story filled with colorful characters whose blind ambition and breathtaking arrogance led to failure on a scale that boggles the mind--and every word of it is true.

I have asked the publisher to send you and a few others of national prominence an early copy of the book in the hope that you will read it and perhaps choose to comment on its value to others.

Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to speaking with you again soon.

Warm regards,

AFCEA

Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association

4400 Fair Lakes Court, Fairfax, VA 22033-3899. Tel: (703) 631-6175 Telex: 901114 AFCEA FFX Fax: (703) 631-4693

03-16-1990 17:56

703 471 7211

F.01

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GNABDOO3

5; W FE BAS

:BC-USA-WEAPONS (FEATLRE)

BEAM WEAPONS PREDICTED TO REVOLUTIONISE WAR, SPUR ARMS TRADE:

BY BERND DEBUSMANN

WASHINGTON, MARCH 14, REUTER - DESPITE DEEP CUTS IN
CONVENTIONAL FORCES, THE SUPERPOWERS ARE DEVELOPING FUTURISTIC
BEAM WEAPONS WHICH COULD REVOLUTIONISE WARFARE AND ADD TO THE
FLOW OF ARMS TO THE THIRD WORLD.

IN THE EYES OF SOME EXPERTS, BEAM WEAPONS COULD CHANGE THE
NATURE OF WAR AS DRAMATICALLY IN THE NEAR FUTURE AS THE
MACHINEGUN DID EARLIER IN THE 20TH CENTURY.

BEAM WEAPONS RANGE FROM SHOULDER-HELD LASER GUNS THAT FIRE A
CONCENTRATED, DESTRUCTIVE RAY OF LIGHT TO LARGE HIGH-TECH
DEVICES THAT COULD DESTROY SATELLITES BY KNOCKING OUT THEIR
ELECTRONICS WITH POWERFUL RADIO TRANSMISSIONS OR LASER BEAMS.

ACCORDING TO U.S. EXPERTS, THE SOVIET UNION HAS THE EDGE
OVER THE UNITED STATES IN DEVELOPING WHAT IS KNOWN AS "DIRECTED
ENERGY WEAPONS" AND "RADIO FREQUENCY WEAPONS." AFTER POURING
HUGE SUMS INTO THESE FIELDS FOR THREE DECADES, THE SOVIETS ARE
SAID TO BE CLOSE TO DEPLOYING TACTICAL BEAM WEAPONS.

IN THE UNITED STATES, EXPERTS SAY, WORK ON BATTLEFIELD BEAM
WEAPONS -- AS OPPOSED TO SPACE-BASED "STAR WARS" EQUIPMENT --
HAS NOT BEEN AFFECTED BY PROPOSED CUTS IN DEFENCE SPENDING AS
THE THREAT OF EAST-WEST WAR RECEDES.

WITH THE INDUSTRIALISED WORLD'S DEFENCE INDUSTRIES
PREPARING TO CUSHION THE EXPECTED LOSS OF LUCRATIVE CONTRACTS,
SOME INTERNATIONAL ARMS EXPERTS PREDICT THAT WEAPONS NOW UNDER
DEVELOPMENT WILL EVENTUALLY SWELL THE FLOOD OF ARMS TO
REGIONAL CONFLICTS.

"THE ADVENT INTO THE WORLD'S ARSENALS OF DIRECTED ENERGY
WEAPONS MAY BE AS REVOLUTIONARY AS WAS THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
OTHER GREAT WEAPON DEVELOPMENTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY -- THE
MACHINE GUN AND THE ATOMIC BOMB," ACCORDING TO THE FORMER HEAD
OF THE DEFENCE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (DIA), LEONARD PERROOTS.

WRITING IN THE LATEST ISSUE OF SIGNAL, THE MAGAZINE OF THE
ARMED FORCES COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION,
PERROOTS SAID THE NEW WEAPONS WOULD SOONER OR LATER COME INTO
THE POSSESSION OF COUNTRIES HOSTILE TO THE UNITED STATES.

PERROOTS, WHO RETIRED AS DIA CHIEF IN JANUARY, TOLD REUTER
HE THOUGHT THE SOVIET UNION WOULD START DEPLOYING BATTLEFIELD
BEAM WEAPONS WITHIN THE NEXT TWO OR THREE YEARS. THE SOVIETS
HAD A THREE TO FIVE YEAR LEAD OVER THE U.S. IN THAT FIELD.

LIKE MOST MEMBERS OF THE U.S. MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT,
PERROOTS FEELS THAT THE SOVIET UNION WILL APPLY THE PRINCIPLES
OF ITS ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING TO FUTURE ARMS EXPORTS AND SELL
BEAM WEAPONS TO LONG-ESTABLISHED CLIENTS FOR SOVIET WEAPONS.

RESTRUCTURING, OR PERESTROIKA, IN THE SOVIET DEFENCE
INDUSTRY HAS ALREADY LED TO MORE AGGRESSIVE SALES POLICIES.
EVEN THE MAIN SOVIET BATTLE TANK, THE T-72, IS NOW AVAILABLE ON
THE INTERNATIONAL ARMS MARKET FOR AROUND $1.2 MILLION APiece.

"THE NEARLY 30-YEAR INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING DIRECTED
ENERGY WEAPONS SYSTEMS UNDOUBTEDLY WILL PLAY A SIGNIFICANT PART
IN THE SOVIETS' THINKING," PERROOT SAID.

THE PENTAGON'S LATEST REPORT ON SOVIET MILITARY POWER
LISTED MICROWAVE WEAPONS AND DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS AS TWO OF
FIVE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY FIELDS IN WHICH MOSCOW HAS INVESTED
HEAVILY.

IF PAST PERFORMANCE IS A GUIDE, THE UNITED STATES WILL NOT

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MOSCOW ACCOUNTED FOR 38 PER CENT AND WASHINGTON FOR 28 PER CENT OF ALL ARMS SALES IN 1988, ACCORDING TO THE STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SIPRI).

IN ITS LATEST (1989) REPORT ON THE WORLD ARMS TRADE, SIPRI NOTED THAT IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPERPOWER RELATIONS DID NOT APPEAR TO HAVE AFFECTED THEIR ARMS TRADE POLICIES.

ONE OF THE ATTRACTIONS OF THE TACTICAL BEAM WEAPONS NOW UNDER DEVELOPMENT IS LOW OPERATING COST, EXPERTS SAY.

EXAMPLE: A WEST GERMAN LASER TANK EXPECTED TO BE TESTED BY 1992 WILL FIRE A LASER BEAM AGAINST AIRCRAFT, HELICOPTERS, MISSILES OR SENSOR SYSTEMS AT A COST OF AROUND $300 PER SHOT. FIRING ONE OF THE U.S.-MADE HAWK MISSILES THE LASER SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO REPLACE COSTS AROUND $1.5 MILLION A SHOT.

"ONCE THESE TACTICAL SYSTEMS ARE EMPLOYED, THEN THEY WILL BE LESS COSTLY (TO OPERATE) THAN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS," PERROOT TOLD REUTER.

TACTICAL BEAM WEAPONS OPERATE ON THE SAME PRINCIPLE AS THE LASER RANGE FINDERS AND TARGET DESIGNATORS ALREADY IN USE BY ARMED FORCES AROUND THE WORLD TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE TO TARGETS OR TO GUIDE BOMBS AND SHELLS WITH PIN-POINT PRECISION.

USING THE SAME TECHNOLOGY, BEAM WEAPONS OPERATE AT HIGHER POWER, WITH "LOW-ENERGY LASERS" CAPABLE OF BLINDING TROOPS OR PILOTS AND DAMAGING THE ELECTRO-OPTICAL SENSORS ON WHICH MANY MODERN WEAPONS DEPEND.

HIGH-ENERGY LASERS ARE SO POWERFUL THEY CAN PUNCH THROUGH SHEET METAL. THEY ARE CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR MISSILE DEFENCE, ANTI-SATELLITE MISSIONS, AND OTHER STRATEGIC APPLICATIONS.

WHILE THE UNITED STATES HAS CONCENTRATED ON THESE APPLICATIONS, THE SOVIET UNION PLACED EMPHASIS ON LESS COMPLEX TACTICAL SYSTEMS AND NOW EMPLOYS MORE THAN 10,000 SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN LOW ENERGY LASER RESEARCH, ACCORDING TO PERROOT.

REPORTS PUBLISHED IN AMERICAN DEFENCE PUBLICATIONS SAY THAT U.S. BATTLEFIELD BEAM WEAPONS NOW UNDER DEVELOPMENT RANGE FROM THE TANK-MOUNTED STINGRAY SYSTEM TO A SHOULDER-FIRED WEAPON CODE-NAMED DAZER.

BOTH ARE DESIGNED TO KNOCK OUT LASER RANGE FINDERS AND TARGET DESIGNATORS -- THUS PREVENTING AN ENEMY TO TAKE AIM. A SECRETIVE U.S. ARMY PROGRAMME CODE-NAMED JAGUAR IS BELIEVED TO FOLLOW SIMILAR LINES.

SOME DEFENCE ANALYSTS PREDICT THAT ADVANCES IN TACTICAL LASER WEAPONS WILL SPUR AN UNENDING CHAIN OF COUNTER-MEASURES AND COUNTER-COUNTER-MEASURES, FROM PROTECTIVE GOGGLES FOR SOLDIERS TO LASER DECOYS TO MISSILES THAT HOME IN ON LASER WEAPONS THE INSTANT THEY ARE SWITCHED ON.

REUTER BD

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REUTERS NEWS NETWORK PICK UP OF SIGNAL MAGAZINE ARTICLE

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BC-ROBOTS (GENERAL FEATURE, SCHEDULED)

MICROROBOTS OPEN DOORS TO NEW FORMS OF SABOTAGE, WARFARE

By Bernd Debusmann

WASHINGTON, Reuter - Could robots the size of flyspecks serve as soldiers and spies in wars of the future, wreaking havoc with enemy computers or even seizing control of an enemy general's brain?

As scientists experiment with new machines so small they can barely be seen with the naked eye, military planners are beginning to wonder how a new generation of micromachines could be used in war.

Microtechnology, a new and fast-growing branch of technology, has already produced a range of tiny devices that could be taken from science fiction -- machines so small they can be inhaled.

Researchers at the University of California at Berkeley have made a silicon motor the width of a hair that can rotate 500 times a minute. At AT&T's Bell Laboratories a tiny, four-legged mechanical bug is reported to be able to align microscopic optical fibres.

At Japan's Tokyo University work is underway on a robot so small it could travel through the bloodstream and into organs, inspecting, or perhaps even excising, diseased tissue.

While the bloodstream submarine is expected to take another two years to develop, according to scientific publications, a comparatively gigantic forerunner has already been tested.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore have developed a pill containing a silicon thermometer and a transmitter that can broadcast temperature changes inside a person's body to a recording device.

Military applications of microtechnology are rarely discussed in public. But the latest issue of Signal, the official publication of the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association, provided a glimpse into how the military view the new field.

An article by Charles Petty, a former Pentagon official and president of a consulting firm called Special Defense Services, suggested a variety of uses -- including microrobots that 'could be used to inflict control over a subject.'

Another possible application could be to place microrobots inside the circuits of computers, where they could lie dormant for years -- the mechanical equivalent of the espionage world's 'sleeper' spy.

Activating the micro-saboteur 'could be by radar impulse of specified duration, frequency or even polarization (which) could cause the gnat to maneuver into a position to wreak the most havoc.'

Such devices would be virtually impossible to detect, according to Petty, because they would look like just another piece of debris in the sabotaged circuit.

On the battlefield gnat-sized airborne robots with infra-red sensors could locate enemy troops and perform pre-programed tasks.

In counter-terrorism operations, miniature devices could infiltrate a building or room where hostages are held, monitor conversations and pinpoint terrorists and hostages so a human attack team could strike with precision.

'By the early 21st century, machines smaller than pinheads could power thousands of little robots ... patrolling security areas.' Petty wrote.

In a non-aggressive role, micro-devices could revolutionize the operation of military aircraft, sensing defects in circuits and correcting malfunctions with such speed 'that only a flashing light on a telepanel would alert an aviator that a near tragedy had been overcome.'

The first steps toward such applications have already been taken. A small army of silicon sensors at more than 250 points in the space shuttle Discovery's engines measure temperature and performance.

Pressure in the cabin and Discovery's hydraulic system are also monitored by tiny sensors.

A 1988 report to the National Science Foundation listed dozens of uses for micromachines, including miniature parts that could drive a new generation of tiny computers and tiny saws and scissors for remote-control surgery.

Experts say that the United States is leading the international pack in microtechnology and some of the biggest names in industry and research institutes are involved: AT&T,

10-5-89

ASSOCIATED PRESS WIRE PICK-UP OF SIGNAL MAGAZINE ARTICLE

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APW:US-France Rockets(

By RUTH SINAT:

Associated Press Writer=

WASHINGTON (AP) - The French government, deeming strong U.S. objections, intends to sell Brazil rocket engine technology that could be converted to ballistic missile use and wind up in the hands of enemy states, U.S. officials said today.

The Bush administration is studying whether it can do anything to reverse the French decision, which was made personally by President Francois Mitterrand last month, the officials said. They spoke only on condition of anonymity.

The deal calls for France to transfer to Brazil the technology of a liquid fuel motor called Viking, which is also used to the French Ariane rockets, the officials said.

France has promised to place restrictions on the sale so that the motor is only used for peaceful space programs, but the United States contends such safeguards cannot be implemented.

U.S. officials point to the fact that Brazil and Libya are cooperating in an attempt to develop ballistic missile boosters and that the French technology could be passed to Libya for that project.

"If someone like Libya wants to use this motor to harmful purposes, who will stop them?" said one official.

The United States first protested the planned French sale last July during the seven-nation economic summit in Paris which was attended by the heads of state of the world's major industrialized countries, the officials said.

For a while it appeared the protest had stopped the French plan. the officials said.

But the French government reconsidered its decision when it appeared France stood to lose a lucrative contract for the launch of two Brazilian communication satellites on the Ariane launch vehicle, the officials said.

The U.S. aerospace firm McDonnell Douglas, which is competing with the French company Arianegroup for the $60-million contract, was informed by Brazil of France's intention to transfer the Viking technology to the Brazilians, the officials said.

China also bid for the launch contract but could not meet the deadlines and withdrew, the officials said.

Word of the discontinue between France and the United States was first revealed by Signal Magazine, published by a non-profit organization called Armed Forces Communications and Electronic Association.

END(

AP-WX-10-05-89 1029EDT(

SIGNAL ISSUE NOV 1989
PAGE NUMBER 15

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October 7, 1989

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE

S 12995

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equipment and technology. The French-Brazil case will be a test as to whether or not the administration's tools are adequate to the task. I and others in Congress are more than willing to provide him with additional tools with which to combat this problem.

Mr. President. I hope that the French will be responsible and stand by their commitments under the MTCR. I urge my colleagues to support the administration's efforts to resolve this crisis. However, should the President's powers prove inadequate. I expect that my colleagues and I will move expeditiously to provide additional tools for the President.

## WRAP-UP UP ON CATASTROPHIC

Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, after hours of deliberation and consideration of numerous amendments, this body adopted a proposal to reform the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988 by a vote of 99 to 0.

This proposal preserves the essential parts of the catastrophic illness program, while killing those portions least valued by the elderly. And, it eliminates the surtax.

Earlier this week, our colleagues in the House voted to repeal the entire program, good benefits and all. I share the opinion of my colleagues, as reflected in the vote last night, that full repeal it not the answer.

Last night was a historic occasion, and one that I am sure will bring a sigh of relief to millions of our Nation's elderly. We, through our action, proved that we understood the elderly's criticism of the act and that we had the guts to fix it.

Last night was a victory, not for me, or for the organizations representing this Nation's seniors—it was a victory for our Nation's seniors.

A couple of individuals. however, do deserve special recognition for the role they played in this effort. First, is Judy Park of the National Association of Retired Federal Employees. And, second, is George Henrikus of the Retired Officers Association. While there were many others, these two individuals joined forces to form The Coalition for Affordable Health Care. Through the hard work of Judy and Paul, the Coalition's ranks swelled to nearly 50 seniors organizations representing the entire spectrum.

I ask unanimous consent that a list of those groups endorsing the proposal adopted by the Senate last night be printed in the RECORD at the conclusion of my statement.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

(See exhibit 1.)

Mr. MCCAIN. Last night's victory is also testament to one thing, representative democracy works! The people we represent do have a very real say in the laws adopted here in Washington.

I might add that I am hopeful that last night's action, to reform the act.

will not result in this body—or Congress as a whole—being reluctant to address important health issues facing the elderly in the future. For example. I think we all agree that some assistance needs to be provided in the near future with that which is most catastrophic to our Nation's elderly, and that is the cost of long-term nursing home or home care.

There is no question that the experience we have just gone through with regard to the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act might make some of my colleagues a little reluctant to do anything in the area in the near future. I might suggest to my colleagues that the problem created could have been avoided.

Maybe we should have been doing a little better job of listening to what the people we represent were willing to pay, and what benefits were highest priority for the revenue available.

But, I will admit, that's not always a very easy job. Particularly when it comes to issues that are as complex and difficult to explain as the ins and outs of health care coverage. It takes a lot more time, but its time that must be spent.

Mr. President. I for one, do not see our action last night as the last word with regard to the Government's assistance to our Nation's seniors in the area of health care. I look forward to working with my colleagues both on and off the Finance Committee as we seek to move forward to issues such as long-term care protection.

## EXHIBIT 1

SUMMARY: MCCAIN CATASTROPHIC PROPOSAL

### BENEFITS

Retain core catastrophic benefits:

Long-term hospitalization protection.

“Spousal impoverishment” protection.

Medicaid buy-in and pregnant moms and infants program.

Retain other benefits in Act:

Blood Deductible.

Home Health.

Respite.

Mammography Screening. one year delay in implementation.

“Mitchell” Drugs. one year delay in implementation.

Hospice.

Repeal the skilled-nursing facility benefit would be returned to its form prior to the passage of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988 for those stays after November 1. For those stays prior to November 1, they would receive the benefit under the terms of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988. The terms of prior law were:

3-day prior hospitalization.

Beneficiary co-payment from day 21 to the end of coverage.

100 day limit on coverage.

Instruct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to study what led to the problem with the skilled nursing benefit costs, and report to Congress by March 1, 1990, his findings as well as any recommendations for future changes of this benefit.

Repeal remaining benefits in Act:

Outpatient prescription drug program. beyond “Mitchell” drugs.

Part B “out-of-pocket”.

### PREMIUMS

Retain existing Part B premium.

Repeal the entire surtax.

Flat premium pays 100 percent of the cost of the remaining benefits and provides for a significant reduction in the outyears. If costs do not rise, this proposal allows the Secretary to reduce the premium.

## COALITION FOR AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE
(MEMBERS AS OF OCTOBER 5, 1989)

The Retired Officers Association.

American Foreign Service Association.

Mail Handlers.

National Association of Postal Supervisors.

National Association of Government Employees.

National Association of Letter Carriers.

National Association of Postmasters of The U.S.

International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers.

American Foundation for the Blind.

Florida Seniors for Medicare Equity, Inc.

Marine Corps Reserve Officers Association.

### EXPOSE.

Rural Letter Carriers Association.

U.S. Army Warrant Officers Association.

National Association for Uniformed Services.

Air Force Association.

Non-Commissioned Officers Association.

National League of Postmasters.

National Treasury Employees Union.

Marine Corps League.

Naval Reserve Association.

Council of Sacramento Senior Organizations.

Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

International Association of Fire Fighters.

California State Employees Association.

The National Association for Public Health Policy.

United Seniors of America.

Catholic Golden Age.

Fleet Reserve Association.

Federal Postal Workers Union.

National Post Office Mail Handlers Union.

San Diego Chapter of Gray Panthers.

American Postal Workers Union.

Air Force Sergeants Association.

Reserve Officers Association.

U.S. Coast Guard Chief Petty Officers Association.

Seniors Opposing the Surtax.

Heritage Harbor Homeowners Association.

National Alliance of Senior Citizens.

Pennsylvania Association of School Retirees.

Sun City Retirees Association.

Michigan State Employees Retirees Association.

Seniors Opposed to the Surtax.

Citizens Coalitions Against the Catastrophic Act.

Association of Pennsylvania State College and University Retired Facilities.

Retired Public Employees Association, Inc.

63 Infantry Division Association.

National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare.

## AIRLINE ACQUISITIONS

Mr. FORD. Mr. President, on June 23, out of a concern over the future of the U.S. airline industry, I introduced legislation directing the Secretary of

SIGNAL

AFCEA's INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF C4I

APRIL 1990

[il]

INSIDE:

■ Learning Lures

■ Cosmic Gaming

■ Man-made Minds

■ Her Majesty's Electrons

SOFTWARE, COMPUTERS &
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

DRAFT

January 19, 1990

Mr. James Robinson III
American Express Company
American Express Tower
World Financial Center
New York, NY 102855120

Dear Jim,

By separate letter Peter Tarnoff wrote to invite you to a
discussion group that Cy Vance and I are directing at the Council
on February 1. We will be talking about future U.S. policy in
Central Europe, and a good small group of experienced people will
discuss developments on Germany, Eastern Europe and the Soviet
Union.

Although I hear that you are unable to attend, it
occurred to Peter and me that the Eisenhower Centennial Foundation
that you chair might be interested in sponsoring the meeting and
any article that Cy and I, or others in the group, might decide to
write on these issues.

Peter tells me that he was approached by Harry Freeman of
your staff for ideas of substantive activities that the Council
might organize this year that would relate to President
Eisenhower's interest in Europe. The Council has made other
suggestions in this regard but the deliberations of our meeting
would certainly relate to the Council study group chaired by
President Eisenhower on "U.S. Aid to Europe". This group met
frequently during the 1948-1951 period and produced a book and
several volumes of notes.

If this is of interest, Peter is of course prepared to
talk to you or Harry, preferably before we meet on February 1.

With best regards,

HENRY A. KISSINGER

November 9, 1990

Dear Mr. Robinson:

Bill Buckley, a friend of longer standing than I dare to admit, has done me the honor of letting me give a dinner to mark his retirement as editor of *National Review*. And he wanted to have with him at this occasion representatives of the next wave of those who share his general concerns. Therefore he and I would be most pleased if you would reserve the evening of January 8th at 8 p.m. in my home, 435 E. 52nd Street. In order to permit the largest number that my apartment accommodates, it was our thought to have an evening without spouses.

Bill and I hope very much that you can make it. Please RSVP to Mrs. Jody Williams, 202/872-0300.

Mr. Peter Robinson
News America Publishing Inc.
1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036

SUITE 1021 • 1800 K STREET, N. W. • WASHINGTON, D. C. 20006 • (202) 872-0300

HENRY A. KISSINGER

May 2, 1990

Dear Paul:

On behalf of the Nelson A. Rockefeller Award Selection Committee, I am writing to invite you to be the recipient of the third Nelson A. Rockefeller Public Service Award.

As you know, Nelson A. Rockefeller believed deeply in public service and that government should be a strong positive force in the society. A committed champion of justice and equality for all, he was a dedicated defender of our national values and a public servant of uncompromising integrity, wisdom and compassion. The annual award is presented to an individual whose own accomplishments and contributions through public service exemplify those of Governor Rockefeller.

Your distinguished career as Chairman of the Board of Governors Federal Reserve Board, Under Secretary of the Treasury, and Chairman of the National Commission on the Public Service, in every way exemplifies the highest standards of American public service. It is our hope that by presenting this award to you we will inspire others to commit themselves to public service. Past recipients of the award are the Honorable Mike Mansfield and the Honorable George P. Shultz.

The award will be presented at the annual Nelson A. Rockefeller Awards Dinner on Tuesday, June 19, 1990 at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City. Proceeds of the dinner will benefit the Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, the public policy research arm of the State University of New York, whose mission through its numerous research and fellowship programs is to promote and improve

TWENTY-SIXTH FLOOR · 350 PARK AVENUE · NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10022 · (212) 759-7919
TELEFAX (212) 759-0042

MAY-01-1990 11:04 FROM 5600 INC.

TO

97590042 P.02

DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT

The Honorable Paul A. Volcker
Chairman
James Wolfensohn, Inc.
599 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10022

Dear Paul:

The award will be presented at the annual Nelson A. Rockefeller Awards Dinner on Tuesday, June 19, 1990 at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. Proceeds of the

TO

97590042 P.03

dinner will benefit the Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of
Government, the public policy research arm of the State
University of New York, whose mission through its numerous
research and fellowship programs is to promote and improve
the public service. The Institute's aim is to pass on to a
new generation Nelson Rockefeller's exuberance for and
dedication to a life of public service.

I know I speak for all of the members of the
Selection Committee in expressing my admiration of your
extraordinary career, your great dignity, and your wonderful
accomplishments. We would be honored to have you accept
the 1990 Nelson A. Rockefeller Public Service Award.

Archibald B. Roosevelt Jr.,
Retired CIA Officer, Dies

By J.Y. Smith
Washington Post Staff Writer

Archibald B. Roosevelt Jr., 72, a retired intelligence officer who served as chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's stations in Istanbul, Madrid and London, died yesterday at his home in Washington. He had congestive heart failure.

A grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt and a soldier, scholar, linguist and authority on the Middle East, Mr. Roosevelt viewed his calling—and its faceless, anonymous half-world of nuance and seemingly random fact—with a hard-headed realism leavened by a kind of romanticism that has echoes of an earlier time.

After retiring from the CIA in 1974, he became a vice president of Chase Manhattan Bank and director of international relations in its Washington office. Well known in Washington social circles in his own right, he was particularly active on the diplomatic circuit during the Reagan administration, when his wife, Selwa Showker “Lucky” Roosevelt, was chief of protocol at the State Department.

In 1988, he published a memoir called “For Lust of Knowing: Memoirs of an Intelligence Officer,” in which he adhered so strictly to his oath to keep the CIA’s secrets that he did not even identify the countries where he had served. And although he was happy to tell interviewers that they could figure it out from his entry in “Who’s Who in America,” he also was quick to explain that some Americans have forgotten what an oath is and that he would not break his even if the government told him to.

Instead, he gave his views on such questions as the nature of the CIA and why it attracted him, and on what intelligence officers should be and how they should see themselves in relation to their own country and the rest of the world.

“We in the CIA were always conscious of having a special mission, of being the reconnaissance patrols of our government,” he wrote. Despite such vicissitudes as the Bay of Pigs disaster in Cuba in 1961, he said, the agency kept its esprit de corps even though with the passage of time it “was no longer a band of pioneers, but an organization.”

ARCHIBALD B. ROOSEVELT JR.

As for intelligence officers, Mr. Roosevelt said he thought of them in “the old-fashioned sense, perhaps best exemplified in fiction by Kipling’s British political officers in India.”

His notion embodied a high ideal, indeed, for the intelligence officer “must be able to empathize with true believers of every stripe in order to understand and analyze them. . . . He must, like Chairman Mao’s guerrillas, be able to swim in foreign seas. But then he must be able to pull himself to shore, and look back calmly, objectively, on the waters that immersed him.”

Most important, he said, the intelligence officer “must not only know whose side he is on, but have a deep conviction that he is on the right side. He should not imitate the cynical protagonists of John Le Carre’s novels, essentially craftsmen who find their side no less amoral than the other.”

The author of these views was,

by his own account, the product of a “conventional, Waspish, preppy world” and was destined for a conventional career on Wall Street. He managed to escape this fate, he said, because he “lived in another world of my imagination.”

Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt Jr. was born in Boston on Feb. 18, 1918. He graduated from Groton School and then went to Harvard, where he graduated in the class of 1940. While an undergraduate, he was chosen as a Rhodes Scholar, but was not able to accept because of the outbreak of World War II in Europe. His first job was working for a newspaper in Seattle.

During the war, he became an Army intelligence officer. He accompanied U.S. troops in their landing in North Africa in 1942 and soon began to form views on the French colonial administration and the beginnings of Arab nationalism. Later in the war he was a military attaché in Iraq and Iran.

In 1947, he joined the Central Intelligence Group, the immediate forerunner of the CIA. From 1947 to 1949, he served in Beirut. On that and on all of his subsequent assignments abroad, he was listed in official registers as a State Department official.

From 1949 to 1951, he was in New York as head of the Near East section of the Voice of America. From 1951 to 1953, he was station chief in Istanbul. From 1953 to 1958, he had several jobs at CIA headquarters in Washington. In 1958, he was made CIA station chief in Spain. From 1962 to 1966 he held the same job in London. He finished his career in Washington.

Through it all he pursued an interest in languages. A Latin and Greek scholar when he was a boy, he had a speaking or reading knowledge of perhaps 20 languages, including French, Spanish, German, Russian, Arabic, Hebrew, Swahili and Uzbek.

Mr. Roosevelt’s marriage to the former Katherine W. Tweed ended in divorce.

In addition to Selwa Roosevelt, to whom he was married for 40 years, survivors include a son by his first marriage, Tweed Roosevelt of Boston, and two grandchildren.

Lynn Goldberg Communications, Inc.

OCT 01 1990

September 24, 1990

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Suite 1021
1800 K St., NW
Washington, DC 20006

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

Ambassador Selwa "Lucky" Roosevelt, Chief of Protocol for the
Reagan Administration, was the longest-serving protocol chief in
U.S. history. She orchestrated Gorbachev's visit to the U.S.,
traveled to international summits, and squired some of the
world's most powerful political leaders across our country.

Her lively and intimate memoir, KEEPER OF THE GATE, will be
published by Simon & Schuster on October 15. I thought you might
like to see the book.

In KEEPER OF THE GATE, Lucky Roosevelt describes the personal
journey that took her from the hills of Tennessee, where she was
born, to the White House. She offers behind-the-scenes
observations of prominent figures including Margaret Thatcher,
the British royals, Indira and Rajiv Gandhi, Francois
Mitterrand, and dozens of others, and details the power
struggles among the White House staff. She describes her daily
experiences with George Shultz, Don Regan, Mike Deaver, Casper
Weinberger, and Howard Baker, and relates how personal
relationships have the power to influence diplomacy--as the warm
bond between Secretary of State Shultz and Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze prepared the way for a thawing in East-West
relations.

KEEPER OF THE GATE offers a shrewd analysis of the political
impact of protocol and eye-opening, often humorous recollections
of the gaffes that were narrowly avoided--and those that weren't.

I hope you enjoy the book. If you would like any more
information about KEEPER OF THE GATE, please do not hesitate to
contact me at 212-867-4610. Thank you.

342 Madison Avenue • Suite 1702
New York • New York 10173
Tel 212 • 867 • 4610 Fax 212 • 661 • 0347

## Lucky Roosevelt and friends

"There is magic in this story by and about Lucky Roosevelt, absorbed by marriage into one of America's great families, and called to serve as chief of protocol in the White House of Ronald Reagan. All the richness and variety of that life are told with wit and style, the intimate graces and intrigues of the exercise of great power set down with candor and joy."

—Hugh Sidey

"You don't have to love Ronald Reagan to savor this vivid, intelligent book by his chief of protocol, a woman whose obvious zest for life and eye for the telling detail enriches this account of life among the world's movers and shakers."

—Judith Viorst

"Of all the books that have come out on the Reagan administration, Lucky Roosevelt's is the most fun. By far the most fascinating behind-the-scenes view."

—Nicholas Gage

"The most absorbingly straightforward and personal account of doings and undoings at the White House since it was first painted white."

—Jerzy Kosinski

"A delightful peek behind the glittering lamé curtain of international diplomacy."

—Letitia Baldridge

"A generous and unique glimpse into Lucky Roosevelt's fascinating life."

—Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.

52195

9 780671 692070

0-671-69207-0

10902145

"Lucky" Roosevelt

KEEPER OF THE GATE

SIMON AND
SCHUSTER

KEEPER
OF THE GATE

Selwa "Lucky" Roosevelt

CHIEF OF PROTOCOL
IN THE REAGAN WHITE HOUSE

$21.95

*Keeper of the Gate* is about an extraordinary woman in an extraordinary job.

As America's chief of protocol during the Reagan years, Lucky Roosevelt was one of Washington's key insiders. Here she gives an entertaining and incisive behind-the-scenes look at American diplomacy. During her tenure she was the only woman protocol chief in the world; to date she is the longest serving chief in American history. She presided over state visits, including those of Mikhail Gorbachev and Queen Elizabeth II; she traveled to summits, oversaw the diplomatic corps, and squired presidents and potentiates, prime ministers and princes when they visited the United States. She also supervised the multi-million dollar restoration of Blair House, the nation's guest house.

Here is a Cinderella story: the odyssey of a Tennessee girl, daughter of Lebanese immigrants, who wins a scholarship to Vassar, rejects betrothal to "the sheik" her family had hand-picked for her, instead marries Archie Roosevelt, grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt, and goes on to become a journalist, CIA wife, world traveler, and finally chief of protocol for the State Department and the White House.

Lucky had the task of putting America's best foot forward, and according to the three to whom she reported—Ronald Reagan, George Bush, and George Shultz—she did this with great style and verve.

Lucky observed the world's high and mighty at their best and at their worst. She saw the friction between Nancy Reagan and Raisa Gorbachev, the warm friendship between the Shultzes and Shevardnadzes that sparked the Soviet-American thaw, the turf battles of the White House staff, and the human sides of the most awesome royals. It was her job to avoid the diplomatic gaffes

(continued from front flap)

and near disasters that all too often end up on the evening news.

*Keeper of the Gate* takes the reader on a fascinating tour of the world, affording us telling glimpses of such figures as China's Premier Li Peng, Margaret Thatcher, Rajiv Gandhi, Brian Mulroney, François Mitterrand, and Japan's Emperor Akihito. We also get new insights about the Reagan-Bush White House, with featured players including George Shultz, Don Regan, Mike Deaver, Cap Weinberger, Howard Baker, and many other headliners of the Reagan years.

One of Washington's most famous powerbrokers, Lucky Roosevelt here gives us an entertaining "upstairs at the White House," as well as an engrossing review of the decade that revolutionized East-West relations.

Selwa "Lucky" Roosevelt was born and raised in Kingsport, Tennessee. She started as a reporter on the local newspaper at age sixteen, and after her marriage became a columnist for the *Washington Star*. A contributing editor for *Town and Country*, she wrote for numerous other magazines. Her husband, the late Archibald Roosevelt, was for many years Director of International Relations for the Chase Manhattan Bank. Mrs. Roosevelt lives in Washington, D.C.

Jacket design by Joel Avirom

Jacket photograph by Scott Bryant

Author photograph Courtesy Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

[LC]

8 / CONTENTS

<table><tr><td>13</td><td>The Sheik</td><td>128</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Maktoub!</td><td>134</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>The Honorary WASP</td><td>142</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>CIA Wife</td><td>148</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>From Copy Girl to Columnist</td><td>155</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Spain—the Love of My Life</td><td>164</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>London</td><td>169</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Washington and New Paths</td><td>177</td></tr></table>

PART THREE

<table><tr><td></td><td><em>The Cast of Characters</em></td><td>183</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Ronald Reagan</td><td>185</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Nancy Reagan—an Enigma</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>George Shultz—the Beloved Buddha</td><td>209</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>A Plague of Courtiers</td><td>221</td></tr></table>

PART FOUR

<table><tr><td></td><td><em>Around the World with the Chief of Protocol</em></td><td>233</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>The Russians Are Coming</td><td>235</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Arms Control and Apple Pie</td><td>244</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>“That Guy Is a PR Genius!”</td><td>255</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>China—the Drama Unfolds</td><td>263</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Asia—a Success Story</td><td>278</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>The Middle East</td><td>290</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>Africa</td><td>303</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>South of the Border</td><td>313</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Europe</td><td>329</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Moscow—Lilacs and a Full Moon</td><td>348</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>On Being a Woman</td><td>362</td></tr></table>

EPILOGUE 369

INDEX / 371

[lc]

Author's Note

LET ME WARN YOU before you begin. I'm not really mad at anyone; I've got no big ax to grind; this book is not written to get even. But wait—don't go away!

What I want to do is give you a picture of what it is like to be in a catbird seat—to move in the whirl of American diplomacy, to see and know all the people that occupy the front pages of the newspapers you read—and to give a few informed glimpses of presidents and princes, prime ministers and potentates.

For seven years I had one of the best jobs—albeit a tough one—in the U.S. government. As Chief of Protocol, I was privileged to be a small part of the foreign policy apparatus of the Reagan administration. I dealt with form, as opposed to substance, but as President Reagan once told me, form and substance are opposite sides of the same coin.

I would not presume to try to write an authoritative review of American foreign policy between 1982 and 1989. That will be for President Reagan and Secretary of State George Shultz to do—after all, they defined and articulated it. But I hope you will come away with a view of what we tried to accomplish—our successes and failures—as seen from my special perspective.

I witnessed with my eyes, ears, and heart—and I have tried to share with you what I saw, heard, and felt. With only one or two exceptions, I have limited myself to those with whom I was professionally involved.

13

[lc]

14 / AUTHOR'S NOTE

I made a deliberate decision not to write in any detail about President and Mrs. Bush. It is too early to write about his presidency. But for the record, George and Barbara Bush were a joy to work with. I have the greatest respect and a special affection for them and I am deeply grateful to this marvelous couple for their friendship, loyalty, and support.

This book also tells briefly the story of my life—another version of the American dream—the odyssey of a Lebanese-American girl born and raised in East Tennessee who ends up in the Reagan White House.

Looking back, I realize that whatever happiness and success I have had is due to a brave decision by a sixteen-year-old lad—my late father—who at the turn of the century had the courage to leave his native land, stow away on a boat, and seek his fortune in America. He didn't make a fortune in the monetary sense, but he left me a glorious inheritance—he made it possible for me to be born a citizen of this wonderful country.

My mother, my idol and teacher, has endowed me with another great gift—a rich intellectual heritage.

The third gift came when I found the companion of my life, my husband Archie, who throughout our marriage showed me love, tenderness, and understanding and brought so much humor and adventure to our lives. What fun we had!

And finally, eight years ago, I received a very special gift—a chance to serve my country and give back a little of the bounty that has come my way. For this honor, I am indebted to President Ronald Reagan. I am especially proud to have served this President, for I share his vision of America.

I also share Ronald Reagan's optimistic philosophy of life. Like him, I tend to see the cup half full rather than half empty. When faced with sadness and suffering I try not to ask "Why me?" but instead "Why not me?" I believe that how we deal with adversity defines us. It also gives us the capacity to appreciate the joyous and the good. I am convinced that the mysterious zigzags on the road of life, which at times seem incomprehensible, will ultimately have meaning, and one's destiny will be revealed.

CHINA—THE DRAMA UNFOLDS / 273

United States—but the new realities are China, Japan, and the land mass of Europe."

"On the contrary," I answered. "We not only acknowledge this, but everything in our postwar policy has made it happen—we forced postwar Japan to put aside militarism and develop economically, we built NATO, we encouraged the economic unification of Europe."

While Li Peng was a challenge to everyone on the trip, it was easy to talk to President Li, even though his advance billing described him as "stubborn, frank, and tough." Actually, we were somewhat bemused by him. We couldn't decide if he was bored, out to lunch, or simply inscrutable. However, I developed a real affection for him, and we even had a few laughs.

He was high on Richard Nixon. "The Chinese never forget a friend. We do not believe all those things about Watergate." Zbigniew Brzezinski, he said, was a "great strategist." He was not impressed by Carter or Ford and never mentioned Henry Kissinger.

One day, apropos of nothing, President Li started chuckling to himself, and said how smart we were to have bested the Russians in the purchase of Alaska. Another time, he observed it was much easier to run an army than manage an economy.

Li asked me about our tax structure. "Why does the President want to lower tax rates? What is your salary and what portion do you pay in taxes?" When I told him I paid 50 percent federal and 11 percent District income taxes he was shocked.

"We would not like to pay so much taxes either," he observed. "We don't have an income tax, but we have so little income there would be nothing left if we paid taxes."

But not all our encounters were weighty. In Chicago someone presented me with a large button flashing "Cubs" off and on in red lights like a neon sign. President Li was intrigued, so I pinned it on him just as he was about to attend a black-tie dinner in his honor hosted by Governor and Mrs. James R. Thompson and the Mid-America Committee.

[LC]

THE MIDDLE EAST / 299

like a grocer but how to impose it as well. Shultz was won-
derful at playing the good friend from America when dealing
with the Israelis in public. When he got behind closed doors,
however, when the television lights were turned off and it
was just he and Shamir sitting on the couch together, that was
the time for Shultz to switch from the Middle Western friend
to the Middle Eastern grocer, but he never did. Shultz, I am
told, was as avuncular with Shamir in private as he was in
public, and that simply won't work.

Nonetheless, George Shultz was probably the only person
who could have arm-wrestled Yassir Arafat, the head of the PLO,
to the ground and made him say the words recognizing Israel and
renouncing terrorism. When these conditions were met, Shultz
reversed the Kissinger rule of no dealings between the United
States and the PLO, and immediately opened up a dialogue with
the PLO. In the end, Shultz handed a real gift to the Bush admin-
istration, and gave Arab moderates a chance to try anew to find
peace in the Middle East.

In the Iran-Iraq war it was apparent that our national interest
lay in having Iraq (an Arab secular state) win the war with Iran (a
non-Arab, Persian-speaking, fundamentalist Moslem state). We
could not afford to have the Ayatollah's regime dominate the
area—it was bad enough that they had the leverage in Lebanon to
continue holding Americans hostage.

Thus, the administration, led by Secretary Shultz, reestab-
lished diplomatic relations with Iraq in November 1984. (Rela-
tions had been ruptured during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war.) I
watched with fascination the effective maneuvering on the part of
two brilliant Iraqi diplomats, Nizar Hamdoun in Washington and
Ismat Kittani at the United Nations, who worked hard trying to
overcome Iraq's-negative image in America. Their efforts, coupled
with several visits from Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, helped change
the Middle East equation during the Reagan years.

The Iran-Contra debacle was a big domestic scandal, but in
retrospect and from my vantage point, it had no more than a

ON BEING A WOMAN / 367

Finnbogadottir, the bright and beauteous blond president of Iceland.

If there was one characteristic these women shared, it was, to put it crudely, the ability to cut through the “baloney.” (Once Prime Minister Charles arrived on an earlier shuttle from New York than she had originally advised us. Not wanting to cause us any trouble, she sat patiently in the airport, perched on her suitcase, until the visits officer showed up to escort her into town.) They traveled with much smaller entourages and they cared much less about matters of face than the men—a sign of their own self-assurance. But I did notice that not one of them failed to use her femininity as an extremely effective weapon. They did not try to rule like men. Their wisdom had a universal quality about it—the certainty that being a woman had distinct advantages.

I was often reminded of Henry Kissinger's famous remark when asked why he had such success with women though not exactly a Rudolph Valentino. His answer: "Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac."

Well, it should come as no surprise to discover that women with power also turn men on. Successful, self-assured women have a heightened sexual awareness, a knowledge of their own worth, which projects confidence. Men are often tantalized by them, and find such women a great challenge.

The aura of power and success rarely attaches to very young women; this magnetism and attraction tends to come as a woman is entering middle age. It is a special dividend—perhaps nature's compensation for no longer being in the first blush of youth.

When I read Carolyn G. Heilbrun's book *Writing a Woman's Life*, I was intrigued by her opinion that women after fifty require new attitudes and new courage. "Women with security of some sort—tenure, an assured place, financial means—are in danger at this stage of choosing to stay where they are. . . I do not believe that death should be allowed to find us seated comfortably in our tenured positions. . . . Instead, we should make use of our secu-