August 11th, 1890.

J.S. Lemmon,
Flournoy, Neb.

Sir:

It seems to be entirely in the interest of Benjamin Lawry
(not Charles Lawry, as you state) that he be kept here for
further schooling. If the Government is willing to pay all
the expense of his schooling, it is as little as he and his
parents could do to bear the separation covering that period.
I am governed by the wishes of the Honorable Commissioner of
Indian Affairs, and the Indian Agents also urge that I retain
the Indian youth of the different tribes who ought to be
pushed forward to more advanced education than they have al-
ready received.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 17

134

August 11th, 1890.

Lesse Rent.

(Cheysenne and Arapahoe Agency,
Larlington, I.T.)

Dear Sir,

Lula's blind has partial paralysis on one side. She is being treated with electricity by our Physician, and her condition is constantly improving. There seems no reason why she should be sent to the Agency where she will scarcely receive the treatment she needs.

Should her case become chronic I will then send her home.

Your friend,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 17

135

August 11th, 1890.

Julia Walking Crane,
Rosebud Agency, S. Dak.

Dear Julia:

If you have held on to your check it ought certainly to
bring to you your valise, as I gather that is what you have
lost. Place the matter in the hands of the Agent or some one
who can attend to it for you, and no doubt it will come all
right.

I am sorry if you have lost your valise, but I do not
see how I can help you from this end.

Your friend,

Capt.

VOL. 17

136

August 11th, 1890.

Arthur Standing Elk,
Pine Ridge Agency, Dak.

Dear Arthur:

Thank you for writing me so soon after you reached home.
I am glad to know that you think yourself so well situated and
that you are having such a comfortable time.

I trust you will go to work at once, and show to your
father and relatives that you worth something in that line.

Give my kind regards to your father and my other friends
among your people.

VOL. 17

138

August 12th, 1890.

Budie Gray,

Pawnee Agency, I.T.

Dear Susie:

You carried away with you all the money that has so far
been received for you at the School. If the last month's
payment was sent here it has not yet arrived. If anything
comes for you I will forward it as you desire.

Now that you are at the Agency the Agent can control your
payments.

VOL. 17

139

August 12th, 1890.

William Morgan,

Pawnee Agency, I.T.

Dear Willie:

It would be necessary for you to let me know just the number who are to come and what their qualities are. We can this year only take a few and they must be in the Third Reader Grade or above that. Of course they must be in good health, and have good characters, and not less than 1-3 must be girls. If you can make up a party covering these conditions let me know as early as possible and I will have tickets placed for you to bring them in. They must all be carefully examined by a physician.

I send you a couple of blanks which will be necessary to use in making up the party.

You can show this letter to the Agent.

VOL. 17

140

August 12th, 1890.

Muskego,

Omaha Agency, Neb.

Dear Friends:

I have had Lewis endorse on the letter you wrote asking
that you might draw his annuities, his consent that you may
not only draw what may now be due him, but may come due here-
after, and have forwarded that letter to the Commissioner to
whom I suppose you should appeal now for the annuity.

VOL. 17

141

August 13th, 1890.

J. H. Shively,

1329 G. St., N.W.,
Washington, D.C.

Dear Sirs:

No letters have yet been received for you. When any arrive I will forward them as you request.

I would suggest that you read my annual Reports in the Commissioner's Reports for the last ten years.

A portion of our students have been practically self-supporting by being sent out to homes throughout Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland. They work for wages, as any other youth. Our best boys during the summer get from twelve to eighteen dollars a month with board and washing. The younger ones and the inexperienced, of course, get less, but they are paid what they are worth. I should think something of this kind might be done from the School you take charge of. Oklahoma is a bustling place now and there is plenty of work to be done and nothing will bring the Indians into good relations with the whites better than for the Indians to demonstrate that they are worth something in labor lines. You may have to seek places, at first, but if your students do well,

VOL. 17

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 17

The places will seek them. This year, although we have had
out 460, during the summer vacation, we have had between two
and three hundred good places offered that we could not pro-
vide students for. I send you a full set of the blanks we use
in connection with this Outing System. This branch of our
work runs along in connection with our Savings Bank system.
We require those who have our students, as you will see by
our rules, to generally aid them in saving money. When they
return to the School, the money is sent to us and deposited
in the Bank. Our students also have some pay at the School,
where they work in the shops or have some special position.
The pay is very small, but we require them to save a portion
of it. Each month when payment is made students may draw for
any legitimate purpose a portion of their savings. If they
want to purchase a suit of clothes or trunk or some necessity
of that kind, I always approve, provided they have the means.
We have a form os request on which they ask for the money,
stating what they want to buy and what they intend to pay for
it; also giving a statement of what they have in Bank. If I
approve, the money is given to them and they make their pur-
chases, but exhibit to one of my employes what they buy to see
that they are properly protected. Our students have now about

142

143

3

BLURRED ORIGINAL

$6,000 saved in this manner.

With this outline, I feel sure a genius like yourself can go forward and possibly improve. I should be glad to keep in relations with you and give you any information I can from time to time. I know the field you are going into very well. It is a difficult one, and will try your resources severely, but in success, under such circumstances, you will find the greatest good to yourself. You will grow.

Sincerely your friend,

VOL. 17

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 17

August 13th, 1890.

Dear General:

I will be on the lookout for the criticiser, and would
be glad to see what he could say. I think it would be a real
advantage to have Catholicism attack that feature of our work,
and criticise it openly.

We are becoming a great deal pinched by the situation.
Our clothing material ought to be here instantly. It is a
big job to keep ahead with clothing sufficient for our seven
to eight hundred students, and I hope the arrangements in New
York are such as will give us instantly both boys' and girls'
material immediately when the Bill becomes a law, and I shall
be compelled to call in the force of the town in order to al-
lay our needs.

Dr. Ginnelli's youngest son has been ailing every since
his attack of the grip during the epidemic last winter, and
his has finally developed into phthisis. This has led the
Doctor to hand in his resignation at once and return to Cal-
ifomia. He left us last night. He is entitled to his month
leaves of absence, at the expiration of which his resignation
to take effect. I shall get on with Dr. Stewart of the
town for the present until I can find some one who will be just
what we need for the place. Dr. Stewart has served us before.

145

2 Gen'l Morgan.

We shall have small parties coming from Quapaw, Oneida,
Wampanoag and Nes Perces Agencies that will more than make up
our loss and crowd us a little too much on our present accom-
modations this winter.

The delay and uncertainty of everything has been bad for
our Outing arrangements this year. I shall not be able to
do nearly as well as I could have done, had the Appropriation
Bill passed so that we could have known in June.

Respectfully and sincerely yours,

General T.J.Morgan,
Commissioner.

VOL. 17

Confidential

August 16, 1890.

Hon. John Jay,
Southampton, I. I.,
New York,

Dear Sir:

Replying to your letter of August 7, making inquiries as to our cutting system and the "effect of proper American education in American Schools in developing manly character and practical usefulness of the Indians--fitting them for self-support and the rights and duties of American citizenship", I have to respectfully inform you that we are the only school using this system to any extent, and the only school within my knowledge that has ever attempted to make use of the Public School system of the country. I can therefore only speak of our work here.

In establishing this school and in conducting it for eleven years it has been my aim to simply make it a means of pushing Indian youth out into the Public Schools of the country. My plan has been to place out in country homes and in families for work and association, every pupil fitted for it at the close of each school year, to keep them so out during vacation and then before vacation is over to have my agents visit and carefully examine each place, to see if the student is happily situated and the conditions are favorable, and then, if the student is willing, and the family in which he lives also, to

VOL. 17

2-Hon. John Jay

allow the student to remain out through the Winter and attend
the public schools of the district.

During vacation, our boys, particularly the larger and
stronger ones, get good pay for their labor in the harvest
field and in the heavy work of the farm during the months of
June, July and August. Our girls work in the families, assist-
ing the farmers' wives and daughters in the cooking and house-
work. There is no difference in the conditions required.
There is no force used. The arrangement is and must be sat-
isfactory on both sides, else the student is recalled or plac-
ed elsewhere.

The Summer of '80 I succeeded in placing 16 students. People were generally afraid of Indians, and the Indians quite as much afraid of the Whites. These fears have been overcome and we have steadily increased our numbers out, each year, until during the present vacation we have had out 436.

During the first Winter of the school ('79 & '80) I was unable to keep any out in families and in the Public Schools. The Winter of '80 and '81 we had six out but only for a very short period. From that we have gone on steadily increasing the number until during the past Winter we have kept out an average of just about 200. The boys and girls thus out, and in the Public Schools, work for our patrons out of school hours to cover expenses of board, washing etc. They learn

148

VOL. 17

149

3-Hon. John Jay

English rapidly. They learn family life and regularity of habits and labor, and lose their fear of the Whites, and in addition acquire the courage and ability to contend in labor lines with our own race. The result of this is the gradual building up of an idea among our students that they can with safety break away from the tribal commune and go out among our people and contend for the necessities and luxuries of life.

We have had opposition both from the Indians and those who have them in charge at the Agencies and also from various self-constituted Directors' General of Indian matters in the East. In addition to these there is of course free rations and in many cases considerable annuities, and in every case lands, to call the young Indian back to his reservation and to the influences of the communistic system of his tribe.

However, a number of our pupils are now located in the east determined to even sacrifice these rights, or such of them as they will be compelled to, and remain away from their tribes. This idea has been growing more rapidly recently because more time has enabled us to bring our students forward to the intelligence needed to enable them to comprehend it. It takes eight to twelve years to graduate white children from Grammar and High School grades of the Public School, and we all know about how much ability they have at that period. We need from one to two years more to reach the same degree of

VOL. 17

150

4-Hon. John Jay

acquirement with Indian youth. In my observation and experience, covering now a period of more than 25 years, during which I have directly managed Indians in various official capacities both in the west and in the east, I am unable to find that there is any other way to inculcate the principles of citizenship, independence and self-support, and to give the Indian the ability to meet the white man and look out for himself.

If it were possible to make the most searching investigation into the protracted attempts at civilizing and Christianizing Indians made by the Catholic Church it will be found that Senator Dawes did not exaggerate the situation in what he said. As I know them, Catholic Indians are furthest of all away from participation in the rights and duties of citizen. For fifty years the Catholics practically owned the Osages. Everybody else was excluded. Through their manipulations vast sums of money were placed as annuities for the Osages. They are rotting in idleness and the disease engendered by it. In 1874 they numbered 2872 and in 1889 1492.

Catholic influence has been supreme among the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico for probably 300 years. The depravity and degradation of these poor people, in a number of whose villages you may find Catholic Churches more than 200 years old, is a sad comment on Catholic Missions and management.

VOL. 17

151

5-Hon.John Jay

Ten years ago not a Pueblo Indian could read and write, and Catholics made no attempt at educating them until the Government gave money. Not only was this the case but Catholic Priests advised, persuaded and forbade the Indians sending their children to Government schools.

The Flatheads of Montana, the Menominees of Wisconsin, the Mission Indians of California and others are all monuments speaking against Catholic methods. Catholic zeal in Indian school matters began only five or six years ago. I could write pages to you of their wrong, bad influences against all other schools, Government schools included. Not only Catholic priests but Catholic Bishops have openly and secretly, and by the most questionable and demoralizing methods worked to prevent the attendance of Indian youth upon Government schools.

I enclose herewith a letter I wrote to the Hon.Secretary of the Interior when General Morgan's confirmation was pending in the Senate. I also happen to have two letters written by an Episcopal clergyman from which you can see their methods of work at the agencies.

My Ass't Superintendent, who is an Orthodox Friend, and who has been in the Indian service at the agencies and with me for eighteen years, has gone to the Nez Perce Agency in Idaho after children. At my suggestion he is to make an inspection

VOL. 17

6-Hon.John Jay

of the Saint Ignatious school, which is, I believe, the only Indian school ever visited by Senator Vest, and is the one unfailing theme with him whenever the Indian Bill comes into the Senate. I shall probably know what his report is, but you could easily get a copy of it from General Morgan, when he sends it in, probably a couple of months hence.

I write you this letter and send copies of the others in strictest confidence. I am at the head of a Government school and the Government sees fit to employ Catholic influences largely in its Indian school work. While this is the case I must not come out into open conflict with them. But I see no reason why you may not know that I am entirely with you in the fight you are making.

Yours with great respect,

VOL. 17

154

August 16th, 1890.

Hon. T. J. Morgan,
Commissioner, Indian Affairs,
Washington, D.C.

Dear General:

Chasing down newspaper lies is about the most ineffect-
ual kind of work that a man can go into. I hardly know what
to do about the Critic article. What I see in it is that it
is doing for us and for our outing system a greater service
than the laudations of any friends can do for the reason that
we are getting it advertised. The uncomfortable part is that
you are made to suffer. Just how to meet that I have not yet
discovered. The enemy is firing on the air, and although he
makes a great deal of noise I imagine it is just as well to
let him waste his ammunition for a time. I had thought of an
interview perhaps in the Star or in one of the Philadelphia
or New York papers. Oberly is pretty deep. He is a regular
newspaper correspondent and when we take hold of him, if we
do, we ought to take hold of him for good. So far as the
strictures on our outing system are concerned I should pre-
fer that he would make them more wide-spread and keep them up.
It may be the means of awakening influences I have tried for
many years to arouse. People ought to know that Oberly and
German are the authors of the attack, and if understood, I

VOL. 17

2 Hon. T. J. Morgan,
Commissioner.

I think, it would be generally conceded that the pusillanimity of the attack is abundant evidence of the unfitness of the two gentlemen for the former Honorable positions they occupied and sufficient reasons for their being relegated to the positions they now occupy.

We lose nothing by thinking it over.

VOL. 17

167

August 21st, 1890.

Peter J. Powlas,

Oneida, Wis.

My Dear Peter:

I thank you for your interest and your purposes with
reference to Carlisle. We are so full now that it is not de-
sirable for us to add largely to our numbers, and I only care
for those who are advanced somewhat. I should not deviate
from the instructions given to Dennison, and I trust that you
will co-operate with him heartily and do what you can under
the instructions. If there are few or none it will not be a
disappointment to us here, and I am sorry that it should be
with you. We must pull up in the higher departments.

VOL. 17

168

August 21st, 1890.

Mrs. Laura J. Thompson,

Fort Myers, Florida.

Dear Mrs. Thompson:

I have forwarded your letter to the Honorable Commissioner with my most favorable endorsement, and trust that you may receive from the Indian Office all the encouragement you need. I am sure the information you give will be favorably received and considered by the Commissioner.

I do not know how I could help you in the way of books or papers. Our school here is running up towards 700 and it is a good deal of a gormandizer in that same line.

Please present my warm regards to your father, and believe me,

VOL. 17

169

August 21st, 1890.

Hon. T. J. Morgan,
Comm'r of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D.C.

Dear Sir:

I forward herewith a letter received from Mrs. Laura J. Thompson, the daughter of Capt. F. A. Henry, of Fort Myers, Florida. It is now eleven years since I visited these Indian and conferred with Capt. Henry in regard to them. I doubtless met Mrs. Thompson, but cannot recall her. I can say for Capt Henry that he is the very best man in all southern Florida, and as I have heard since, continues to be. He is greatly interested in the moral and intellectual advancement of those Indians and has probably done as much for them as all others combined. I have no doubt coming from such stock, Mrs. Thompson would render good service, and trust she may have encouragement from the Indian Office. I would suggest that a letter from the Office to Capt. Henry, if there are not other good means, would secure as reliable information as could be obtained in regard to those obdurate Seminoles.

I should be glad too if Mrs. Thompson's interest, if found worthy, could be fostered.

I have not heard from Capt. Henry directly for a number of years, but used to correspond considerably and it was

VOL. 17

171

August 21st, 1890.

Rev. J. F. Cross,

Rosebud Agency, Dak.
My Dear Mr. Cross:

Yours of the 13th with enclosed manuscript giving Mission
views of the Indian situation to hand. I thank you and place
it in the September Red Man. I should be glad to have what
you will say in regard to returned pupils. As you perhaps
know, I expect very little from them under the present condi-
tions. I can take hundreds from the very lowest and worst
and make them do well here. When we take from the best tribes
they do well here. Having done well here, we send them back,-
many of them do badly. I have had this fight for years; it is
no new thing. I am fighting in patience, hoping that the
change in management will come and give us a far greater pro-
portion of good results. The trouble is, whether at the
Agency, or in the Mission School or in the foreign school, we
are preparing the young Indian for a future and having prepare
him for a future, we find that no future is open for him.

There is too much of the beef issue and the ration issue,—
a premium upon idleness, neglect and laziness, which is not a
only a success in dragging down the Indian, but is equally
successful in dragging down many whitemen who subject themselves

VOL. 17

to it. The pension system of the United States Government is
creating a race of paupers among the whites; why should a pen-
sion system among the Indians do otherwise?

I am criticized for getting children, and for advocating
their staying away. There is not a decent, progressive fam-
ily in the United States that is not divided and separated,
hundreds and thousands of miles, often. We go where we can do
the best for ourselves, and anybody that would deny us that
right we should look upon as doing us a great wrong. I ask
for the Indian a fair trial with the same privileges.

I believe, I have written you something of this sort be-
fore. Sorry you too feel impatient and tired of it. Mentally
my resignation from duties here has been written a thousand
times, and several times, in fact, yet I have not sent it in
but have held on to the work. I think that no relief that has
ever come to me in my life-time would begin to be as great as
a relief from this work at this blessed moment, yet I must not
take the responsibility of doing it myself. I may be wrong,
but I feel that duty places me just there.

With cordial sympathy and warm regard,

VOL. 17

173

August 22d, 1890.

Per Che,

Anadarke, I.T.
My Dear Friend:

It has been my habit for several years to grant to our students, who were at all advanced, the right to determine for themselves whether they would go home or not before they graduated. William Tivis has had this right, and has steadily determined to remain at Carlisle. I think he is wise. Students returned to your tribe and to other tribes, have so often been persuaded after they got home to remain; and very many of them have written me their regrets that they had gone home before they graduated.

While it is a long time since William left home, he is, I think, entirely right in his determination to remain.

VOL. 17

177

August 25, 1890.

Wyckoff, Seumans & Benedict,

834 Chestnut Street,
Phila., Pa.,

Gentlemen:

Please send at once, as per your offer "One of the latest style, with all the modern improvements, in exchange for your No. 8849 for a difference of $35." and I will return the old one immediately, and send my check to cover balance. The ribbon should be blue, copying, and the type as per enclosed sample.

Send also half dozen new blue copying ribbons. Please use care in selecting the ribbons as we have sometimes had to return them on account of blurring.

VOL. 17

178

August 25th, 1890.

Mr. Herbert Welsh,
Sect. Indian Rights Association,
W305 Arch St., Philada. Pa.,

My Dear Mr Welsh:

Thank you for your note about Kish Hawkins. Kish is somewhat troubled with large ideas, and has desired to take his own course and care for himself. I know of no better way to relieve young men of the infirmity he has than a little hard experience. He is in the main a good fellow and I am sure intends to do well in every way. He has also another affliction which confuses mankind generally at any age and that is he is in love. He had an excellent place near Willow Grove and a good future, but it was too far away from his girl, one of our Sioux girls at Hatboro, so he left his good place and hired out for the summer near Hatboro. He told me when here a few days ago he expected to get employment in Gemantown, and I interposed no objections.

I am sorry he should call upon you or anybody for help. He ought to have the means from his last place. I would be glad if you would unobserved by him keep him in sight a little and advise me.

Kish spent last with General Eaton at Marietta College and could have continued there but for his desire to get a situation where he could earn enough to enable him to double up.

VOL. 17

179

August 25th, 1890.

Mr. Chas. F. Meserve,
Supt. Haskeil Institute,
Lawrence, Kas.

My Dear Meserve:

Write me a column, more or less, on the subject of yours of the 22d, and authorize me to make any little changes which might seem for the best interests of our cause, and I would be glad to have it for the next Red Man.

We are going into the fight and as we are on the right side we shall win. The other side is the side of sentiment; ours is the side of common sense. The other side is the side of slavery; ours is the side of freedom.

VOL. 17

181

August 26th, 1890.

Richard Davis,

Care William B. Harvey,

West Grove, Pa.

Dear Richard:

I got your letter of the 19th and Mr. Standing showed me one from you just before he left for Idaho. I cannot now recall what you wrote him, and my answer to your letter depends much on that. Mr. Standing is to return the forepart of next week with a party of twenty or more Nez Perces youth. When he returns I will ask for your letter and write you again unless you will yourself write me what you wrote or said to him.

There is one thing that I feel perfectly justified in saying to you, and that is that under no circumstances ought you at this time to think of returning to the Reservation. More than half of the white people in Oklahoma are suffering now for the want of the necessaries of life. Congress is considering whether or not to appropriate something for their relief. The Indians will not fare any better in their crops than the whites. Therefore except for the issue of Government rations they too will be in great want. Oklahoma was only

VOL. 17

opened last year. There is a great deal of hip-hip-a-rah about
things. Nothing is at all well settled, and your mere liveli-
hood here means far more for your future than any prospect
that can possibly be offered to you there.

If you and Mr. Harvey are approaching a separation, and
you have yourself nothing else in sight, I can suggest some-
thing to you, but it is not necessary so long as you are pro-
vided for there.

With love to Nannie and the little ones, whom Miss Bender
reports so nicely of,

Cordially and faithfully your friend,

VOL. 17

183

August 26th, 1890.

Crawling, Cheyenne,

Pine Ridge Ahency, Dak.

Dear Friend,

I should be very glad to help you if I could, but that
is not in my power. Your Agent is the man to whom you must
apply for such things as you need and are entitled to.

I am glad to hear that Charley is doing well. I hope
all of the Cheyenne Carlisle boys and girls will make good
records for themselves. Tell Charley, and Abe Sommers and
Arthur Standing Elk and Laura Standing Elk that we shall have
as many children by the 15th of September as we had when the
school was fullest last Spring.

VOL. 17

184

August 26th, 1890.

Chief Spotted Horse,

Fort Supply, Ind. Terry.

My Dear Friend:

Your daughter Ledanta is to return to Carlisle on the 12th of September, she having been out as you know in a white school.

I think I wrote you that the Commissioner ordered me to hold on to all children—to push them forward to the higher education. The trouble is we are sending home our children with too little education and the Government is intending to stop that and make us carry them until they really know something worth while. I have the best of reports from Ledanta. She has grown to be quite a womanly woman and is a most excellent house-wife; besides she has made good progress in her studies while in the country, for she has attended a good country school. Her letters to you will show that.

You know, my Friend, I am working for your and her highest good. The Government has become very tired of the way Indians have of continually shifting their children and keeping them out of school. The white people have to keep their children in school from eight to fifteen years, right along, before they are educated at all well. Our Indian friends must bring themselves up to do the same thing.

VOL. 17

Now that Ledanta is here and doing well, I trust that
you will stand by her in the emergency and instead of calling
her away urge her to stick and do her best.

I am.

Most truly your friend,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 17

August 26th, 1890.

William B. Harvey,
West Grove, Pa.

Dear Mr. Harvey:

There is a kind of education in this life which every man
must have and which he can only get in one way and that is
the education of experience. Very few men are entirely willing
to profit by the experience of others. From what Mr. Standing
told me on my return and what Richard writes me and what you
write me I am satisfied that Richard and you are on the verge
of separation. I shall be very sorry for it if it means the
in
reservation, however you may think about that, it is my judg-
ment the last place Richard should go to. The picture
looks fine at a distance. 180 acres is a large tract, but the
next to impossible of Indians making a success of it is so
us
patent, now, that all of should join to keep Richard away from
the attempt. I have just been reading the proceedings of
Congress, how the officials sent to the Territory by the De-
partment have found the most deplorable condition of affairs
among the white settlers in Oklahoma. More than half of them
are suffering now for the necessaries of life, and winter will
only increase the suffering. We have between us and through
his own pluck injected a great deal of manhood into Richard,
but I can assure you from the fullest and ampiest knowledge
of the whole situation that that manhood can be extracted,

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 17

187

all of it, in a very short time on his reservation.

Now what I want you to do is to come to come conclusion
on the line which you and I have been working for several
years. If you have reached a point where you think it best
to give up, let Richard come to me and I will take care of him,
if he does not find a way to take care of himself. From his
letter to me I am inclined to think he does not want to go to
only bare
the Reservation, as you think. If he makes a living in the
east for the present, it is far better. The conditions in
Oklahoma, on the borders of which he proposes to locate and
where his people live, and the condition among the Indians—
the failure of crops, and the drought, the destruction of
grass supplies and the still more backward condition of the
Cheyennes all combine to say, keep Richard east, if he only
makes a living. I have never made more than a living in my
life, and it is a lucky man that does that.

He has learned not to lean upon the Government. What
you would do to him would throw him right back into that sess-
pool. I have a vacancy here now which Richard could fill
creditably.

It would be better for you to plan for him only so far as
you yourself are concerned. Keep me informed and let me do
the rest. I hardly like to write Richard freely and fully

VOL. 17

at present, but I do want him to know that I feel most em-
phatically that he ought not to make a dive into the Reserva-
tion. I guess I had better write him that.

With kindest regards to Mrs. Harvey,

VOL. 17

189

August 28th, 1890.

Henry J. Kendall,

Isleta, N.M.

Dear Henry:

Yours letter of the 25d was received yesterday. In regard to
your appointment as clerk for the Agent, I feel it is not in my
province to urge it for you. A position of clerk is so necessar-
ly a confidential one in every respect and one in which the Agent
himself should exercise the fullest personal discretion, unmolested,
that I feel that it would be quite unbecoming in me to ask it for
you or for any one. If the Agent wrote me of your application I
should be most happy to say the best things I could for you, but
unless he himself solicites information from me I do not feel that
it would be right for me to take any steps in the matter. I select
my own clerks here. I would not tolerate the intervention of even
the Commissioner of Indian Affairs or the Secretary of the Inter-
ior, for the reason that my clerical help is most emphatically a
part of me, and no outside appointment could possibly bring harmony.

I am very sorry that you are not able to resume your studies.
I met President Gates a few days since in the Ebbitt House in Wash-
ington, and he spoke most affectionately of you, and of his great
desire you should be able to resume your studies. I myself have

VOL. 17

2 Henry Kendall.

been most hopeful about it and your letter disappoints my EXCELLENCE and anticipations greatly.

The persecutions and trials you have, if you use them rightly, and pass through them safely, will do more to make a man of you than any school can do. Indeed you could not expect to be made a great strong man, able and fearless, without having trials and difficulties, and if they are sent, you ought to be thankful for them.

We take up our school work on Monday next. The out students return on the 11th and 12th of September, when we shall begin school in earnest with an attendance of probably 475, besides more than 200 out.

My warm regards to your good father and mother,

VOL. 17

193

August 29th, 1890.

General Morgan,
Washington, D.C.

My Dear General:

I guess you are in for Lydia's fare. I told Miss Ely to get you a round trip ticket Washington to Carlisle, and her stub-book shows that she issued for such ticket and that she got it for you. I paid for a round trip ticket, and I have no doubt you got one.

In regard to the Catholic circular it would be good if it were of recent date, but being July 1st, 1886, I fear it is superannuated. I have taken a copy of and herein return it.

We are in want of our supplies. Our clothing is run down at the heel throughout and we have been puttering along in our sewing departments for two months, waiting for supplies. Is it not possible to get our Jersey and Dress-goods here at once? With the multitude we have to clothe, it will tax us to be ready for winter.

We begin school on Monday and I feel much annoyed at our shabby condition.

VOL. 17

200

September 1st, 1890.

W. G. Watts,
Asst. Supt. Educational Home,
49th and Greenway Ave., Philada.

Dear Sirs

Enclosed find one dollar ($1) which covers Joe Pawnee's expense to you. I should be very glad if when any of our boys make their appearance at your school without my permission in writing, or some previous arrangement between us, that you would simply refuse them admission. Treat them as ordinary tramps. Turn them over to the police.

I have made complaint several times during the past few years to your Superintendent and supposed it was well understood that this was the course to be pursued. I shall not be at all obliged to you for taking care of any of them except there is, as I said, an arrangement between us or they have something in writing for them to show.

VOL. 17

202

September 1st, 1890

My Dear Mrs. Morgan:

Now that we are before the public about it, if you conclude
to take Indian girls this winter it will be most important that no
deviation from our school rules is allowed. The one weakness in
our present position is the one mentioned in the last Critic arti-
cle about the girls being left alone. You will remember how I
wanted you to have your old girl and only one Indian girl, and I
trust if you continue to want Indian girls that you will in some
way cover this point.

I am very glad indeed that you are going to have such a nice
trip. It will be a great rest for you and the General and you will
get hold of the bottom facts.

Mrs. T.J.Morgan,
Washington, D.C.

VOL. 17

September 1st, 1890.

Mr. E. N. Dickinson,

Cando, N. Dakota.

Dear Sirs,

You can get a good idea of our school plan and work from my
Annual Reports for the past ten years. These are embodied in the
Annual Reports of the Honorable Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

Our aim is a common school training and graduation at about
the Grammar Grade of the Public Schools of Pennsylvania and at the
same time an industrial training in mechanics, farming, for the
boys, and house-wifely duties for the girls. The ages for admission
are 12 to 18, inclusive; but we are infringed upon on both sides--
generally on the older side. For our school rooms we adopt the
latest and best methods of instruction and require our teachers to
keep in line with the advancement in school matters. Industrially
we have regular mechanics and shops where carpentering, harness-
making, blacksmith and wagonmaking, tailoring, shoeing, tinsmithing
printing, painting, upholstering and baking are taught the boys.
We also have two farms about 275 acres

two

We divide our school into sections, so that pupils of the same
grade come together. Having them classified we then divide them
into two parts as nearly as we can, keeping the classes in-tact.

VOL. 17

204

We have for instance in the same books and in the same section of school room an A Class and a B/ Class. The A Class formed of those who are more ready and advanced in their studies; B Class of the laggards. After that division they are divided into proper numbers for the shops and industrial departments. One section is in school in the forenoon, the other in the afternoon; and the section not in school is in the shops or at work. We then in addition have an evening study hour. By this division our experience shows that we can make about as much progress in school room work as we can when all day is given to school. And we have found too, that we can graduate our students from the grade we have fixed almost as quickly as they can be graduated from the ordinary white school.

Our last graduating class had one young man who came to us without previous education and speaking no English eight years ago and this is as well as the public schools do.

We have a resident Physician, a nurse and the Hospital so that our serious cases are at once removed from the dormitories and taken care of.

We have a guard-house; use it; and a regular guard detail.

Our boys are divided into companies and non-commissioned officers are appointed for each company; a 1st Sergeant, 4 sergeants, and 6 corporals. We drill, which gives us discipline and obedience.

VOL. 17

205

We have a band. Now and then have dress-parades.

The most important feature of our work is what I call the Outing System. That is, finding homes for our pupils after they have sufficiently advanced to become useful and sending them out from the school into families where they can work at farming or some other practical industry during vacation; and during the winter we leave some remain out from the school and attend the Public Schools.

This feature has grown to very large proportions with us. Whereas I have appropriation for 480 students I carried last year an average of 664. During the vacation just ending we have had above 450 pupils thus placed out. Our farmers and others are glad to have them and pay them fair wages. Their aggregate earnings amounted to above $15,000.

When you get established and wish our rules and blank forms in regard to this matter I shall cheerfully send them to you. I think with what I have here written and the reading of my reports you will get a very fair idea of us. It would be much better for you to come here and remain a week, and I should be glad to have you to so.

VOL. 17

206

September 2d, 1890.

John Shacow,

Burt, Mich.

My Dear Sir:

I have had the Matron in charge of the Girls write you. Also
have given instructions in regard to the regular writing of your
little daughter. I am sorry that you have not heard from her reg-
ularly. She is well, and doing well, and there is no cause for
uneasiness on your part.

VOL. 17

207

September 2d, 1890.

Prof. Rich,

Supto, Indian Industrial School,
Fort McDowell, Arizona.

My Dear Sirs:

I thank you for your full letter in regard to McDowell inter-
ests, and your impressions and observations of the country.

Among my corps of teachers I have not just the person suited
to take the lead in Music. Several of the teachers play fairly
well and sing fairly well, but do not feel themselves sufficiently
capable to take the lead, and I do not know of just such a person
as you ought to have.

Howard Logan is at the Winnebago Agency in Nebraska, expecting
to hear from you, --to return here if he does not hear. I have
written instructing him to write you at once.

From what you write I think you have perhaps as favorable a
location as you could possibly get for such an isolated school.
Your long experience in school matters is going to be of great help
to you.

VOL. 17

208

September 3d, 1890.

Rev. H. M. Heilman,
Harney, Md.

My Dear Sir:

We have had so many applications of the kind you make for our
Band that it has become necessary for us to refuse all, if we give
our pupils any school attention whatever.

Sorry to have to deny you but we must do so.

September 3d, 1890.

Randell Delchey,
San Carlos, Arizona.

My Dear Dandell:

I am glad to hear of your good fortune in being so much help
to Capt. Bullis and that you are getting good pay. It seems to me
that it would be better for you now that you are at home for you
to remain there. I trust you will continue to help the Captain,
all you can and do all for yourself and your people that you are
able to.

VOL. 17

209

September 3d, 1890.

Albert M. Bishop,

Versailles, N.Y.

My Dear Young Friend:

I think I met your father in the Indian Office in Washington, and he spoke about your desire to come here. You are so far advanced that I feel sure it is not to your best interest to come here and take part in our school where there are so many Indians. If I were in your place with the knowledge and experience I have had in such matters I would go to Jamestown, and find a place in some good family where I could work for my board, and I would attend the Public Schools of Jamestown, or I would go into the Public Schools of Randolph. I would crowd myself into such a school. I would stick to it until I got in.

We have here a multitude of very ignorant Indian youth. You would be one of the most intelligent in our school; consequently your association would be with those who are below you in point of intelligence and character. This would not help, but rather it would hurt you.

As I told your father I am willing you should come here and you may even bring the other boy with you, but if you will accept my advice you will not do so.

VOL. 17

210

September 3d, 1890.

Henry A. Kennerly,

Pleagan, Mont.

My Dear Mr. Kennerly:

I anticipated you would be surprised to see Sallie Wright back so soon. I hesitated about sending her but there was so much inexistence on the part of the Lady in charge of the girls that I thought best to do so. Sallie was not only very loud in Quarters but exceedingly vulgar and profane in her talk, and seemed to be quite unmanageable and quarrelsome.

One of the other girls sent along with her was of the same character. Last night the Matron said that the Quarters had been an entirely different place since those two girls left. I am very sorry about it but it seemed best to do just that.

Your boys are both in good health and also all the other students from your Agency.

School began on Monday.

VOL. 17

211

September 3d, 1890.

Uriah Spray,

Supt. Indian School,
Kaw Agency, Ind. Ter'y.

Dear Sir:

Although I have your letter I think it best that George return
He seems rather obstinately inclined that way and he would be much
discontented here.

In a very few days I will forward him. I make up a little
party to go to different points in the West and wish to ask their
tickets at the same time. By this means I can get a much cheaper
ticket for you than if I sent him alone and as a regular passenger.

VOL. 17

212

September 3d, 1890.

Joel Tyndall,

Omaha Agency, Neb.

Dear Joel:

I have a letter from the Indian Office in which I am informed
by the Commissioner of the names and ages of students that desire
to come from the Omaha Agency. I give you the names of the Omahas.

Willie Pilcher,
Garry Meyers,
Edgar Saylors,
John Learning,
Mary Barada,
Warren Barada.
Maggie McCauley.

It is not best for us to take the little fellows and I have
so written the Agent. As the Agent has taken it up now I shall
necessarily do the business through him and must depend on him for
escort. The four students you say you have would not be sufficient
to warrant me to give you ticket through to Carlisle.

VOL. 17

Telegram.

September 3d, 1890.

Mrs. Emma Pratt,
Marion, Ind.

Telegraph me Seth's latest condition today.

R.H.Pratt.

September 4th, 1890.

Cecilia Londrosh,
Millersville, Pa.

Dear Cecilia:

I have just written Dr.Lyte commending the course you have selected and asking him to arrange for you. I trust that will be done and that you will get on harmoniously.

I do not now feel, in justice to others, that we can give you more than another year, and I trust you will make the very best use of your present year you can.

Your friend,

VOL. 17

217

September 4th, 1890.

Dr. W. O. Lyte,
Principal State Normal School,
Millersville, Pa.

My Dear Dr. Lyte:

Cecilia will have to earn her own living. It is plain to us
that she will not make it a teacher. She has superior clerical
abilities already considering her opportunities. Her mind is di-
rected that way. I do not feel that I can command the funds to
carry her through to graduation, and do justice to many others who
want advanced opportunities. I agreed with her program and told
her to so write you at the time she submitted it to me. There are
conditions in her case which make it best she should begin her
life-work early. I would expalin to you if I could talk to you.

If you find it a inconvenient to give Cecilia the course she
has selected perhaps the matter had better come back to me with a
view to a change of venue.

VOL. 17

222

September 6th, 1890.

Louis Bedell,

Lance, Michigan.

My Dear Louis:

We are quite full, and I had not intended to take any more pupils from Michigan this year. If, however, you yourself care to return and will do so at your own expense, as you say, I shall be glad to receive you here and will take care of you after you arrive.

If there were just a few other boys and girls who cared to
come on the same terms they could do do.

Your friend,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 17

224

September 6th, 1890.

John H. Oberly,

Editor Critic,

Washington, D.C.

Supt.

In your attack on General and Mrs. Morgan in your paper of August 12th, you say,--

"There is not a syllable in the law which authorizes Capt. Pratt's Outing system. x x x. x But it is unlawful. It is simply a custom originated by Capt. Pratt, and winked at by the higher authorities."

In every Indian Appropriation Bill since 1882 there has been a clause as follows:--

"x x x x x and also for the transportation of Indian pupils from all the Indian Schools, and placing of them, with the consent of their parents, under the care and control of such suitable white families as may in all respects be qualified to give such pupils moral, industrial and educational training, under arrangements in which their proper care, support and education shall be in exchange for their labor. x x x x x."

This was the law when you held the post of Supt. of Indian Schools in '85 and '86, and also when you held that of Commissioner of Indian Affairs in '88 and '89. Of course you knew all about this law, and made your statements with full knowledge of its quality.

VOL. 17

225

Dr. John H. Oberly.

Your other statements and admissions upon this subject,
in that and other articles are just as destitute of foundation.

In the articles referred to, you abuse General and Mrs. Morgan
because Mrs. Morgan performs the service and draws the pay of con-
dential clerk for her husband. It may not be exactly my business
to expose you, but as I know the facts and they are in connection
I may be excused for writing attention to the circumstance that
when you occupied the position of Commissioner of Indian Affairs
you kept your daughter in the same position Mrs. Morgan fills and
she drew the same salary from the Government.

VOL. 17

226

September 8th, 1890.

My Dear Reserve:

I have yours with the Kansas City Star and think it not worth
while to carry the matter any further. The trouble is we do not
know them we are fighting. They doubtless represent moneied inter
eests, as the names mentioned outside of Agent Miles are on that
line. And I am not sure that any sort of controversy with them
would be beneficial to us. It is rather to be deplored that the
c matter has introduced at all, I think. Newspapers are very largely
subsidized in the interests of individuals and concerns and this,
I have no doubt, is not an exception.

VOL. 17

227

September 9th, 1890.

Benjamin Damon,

Fort Defiance, Arizona.

My dear Ben:

I have your letter of the 5th in relation to your discharge.

You know very well that it would not do for me to interfere with the arrangements of the Agent. I am sorry for you but I have no doubt that the Agent has done what he felt was right and just.

Charley has done remarkably well the past year. He will be
back at the School to-morrow to take up his school work here.

I should think that you might find employment outside of the
Agency. You have plenty of English and write well and if I were
in your place I should not complain that the Government did not
give me a job. It has educated you and you ought to feel thankful
for that and endeavor to look out for yourself.

VOL. 17

229

September 10th, 1890.

Lo. Ro. Mall.

Pres. Metropolitan Cab Co.,

45 West Adams Street, Chicago, Ill.

My Dear Sirs:

The clipping you refer to has been going the round of the papers. I have not felt called upon to dispute it for the reason that on its face it bears the evidence of its own falsehood. The man is not known as a person of note in Helena; in fact I cannot find that he is known at all. He speaks of his thirty years on the Western frontier and then alleges as proof of what he says something that he heard somebody else say--not anything that he saw himself--acknowledges that.

The Osages are in the Indian Territory and he lived in Montana. He speaks of this School as a University. That in itself is evidence of the spirit of his criticism. We are a very primary school, graduating our pupils at the Grammar Grade of the Public Schools, and find it exceedingly difficult to reach that point for the reason that Indian children are not permitted to remain in school long enough to graduate, in any considerable numbers.

at

Just now there are at work throughout the whole Indian field the most baneful influences, and as I have antagonized these such clip-

VOL. 17

230

2 L. R. Hall.

pings as you send are the fruits. It should be understood that Can-
lisle has never aimed at producing Indian Moseses. Its whole pur-
pose has been to bring about a disintegration of the tribal and
communistic organizations and to beget a spirit of independence,
individuality and American citizenship. We do not hesitate to do
all we can to persuade young Indians to remain away from their
tribes. There is no safety--no complete success along tribal lines.
While there is a great deal of retrograding there is not half as
much as common-sense would lead us to expect.

The Children's Aid Societies which have in 34 or 5 years sent
more than 80,000 children away from the slums or Five Points and
other low places in New York have never in a single instance urged
the children to go back there. It would not be safe, wise or best.

I hope our friends will not be disturbed by this attack which
is so palpably an outrageous lie on the face of it.

Yours truly,

VOL. 17

231

September 10th, 1890.

William F. Campbell,

Care W.S.Pattes, State University,
Minneapolis, Minn.

Dear William:

I think it would be better to delay taking up your case with the Commissioner until the Commissioner himself returns. The Commissioner is away from Washington for two months--starting last week, and as he is the one who promised to give us the benefit of the $107 and believes in it, and some of the others do not, our chances for success will be better with him there. In the meantime I am sure something will work out to help you along up there. A letter goes today to Mrs. General Van Cleve who has special interest in Indians. You will be taken care of.

Go right on and when the pinching gets close, if you have not heard from me write me.

Your friend,

VOL. 17

232

September 10th, 1890.

Seth Rly,

31 Yard Ave., Trenton, N.J.

Mr. Dear Sirs

I would like to know about the young man at Lawrenceville and
thing
also some about the qualifications and character of the woman at
the Crossen Patteries. If you can place me in communication with
them or yourself make the inquiries, I shall be greatly obliged.

September 10th, 1890.

C.P. Newkirk,

Supt. State Public School,
Coldwater, Mich.

Dear Sirs:

James Bemos arrived safely yesterday.

VOL. 17

233

September 10th, 1890.

To: H. Smith

Jamestown, Cotton Mill,
Jamestown, N.Y.

Dear Sirs,

It would not be at all practicable for us to attempt to use
the opportunity for labor you propose for our boys and girls. We
have them for education and training in various pursuits, but have
adopted the system of placing them out individually at work, mostly
with farmers, for the reason that they have vast agricultural area
which is to be developed by their own or other labor. I have sev-
eral times been approached in the matter of placing them in manu-
factories which I have invariably refused to consider because such
work is not in the line of their present need. They may become in-
dividuals like other people and able to locate where their best in-
terests indicate, and I have no doubt some will drop into the lines
you propose.

Thanking you for your interest, I am,

VOL. 17

September 16, 1890.

Spotted Horse,
Cheyenne Chief,
Fort Supply, I. O. T.

My dear friend:

Your daughter Ladante is back in school. Is
strong and well, and as school has just begun, it would not be
best to take her out for a month and make her drop behind her clas-
ses. Better wait until next Summer, then I can send her home at
Government cost.

Your friend,

September 16, 1890.

Dr. Susan La Fleshe,
Omaha Agency, Nebraska,

My dear friend:

Reuben Wolf has always been a great spendthrift
never getting anything ahead, talk and argue all I could. James
Wolf has about $50 and authorizes me to send $10. to his mother.
He says he wants to get a glass eye with the balance. I enclose
the amount.

VOL. 17

238

September 16, 1890.

Chas. Dakota,

Pine Ridge, S. Dakota.

My dear Chas:

I have your letter about the condition among the Cheyennes, and telling me how you are getting on. I am sorry that your health does not come back to you; and hope that it will.

We are not bringing any students from Pine Ridge this year. It may be that sometime after while there will be a number of children who want to come. I would like to have them.

Tell my friend, Mr. Crawling, that I am glad he wants to give me a boy and a girl and if he will hold on to them, or put them in the camp school now, then when others want to come I will take them.

We have just begun our school. The rooms are all full, and the dining hall at meal time. We have a large number of very nice new boys and girls from the different Agencies. A number came from Idaho. Give my love to all my Carlisle children. Tell them I hope to hear the best reports of them always.

Your friend,

VOL. 17

239

September 16, 1890.

Seonia(Jose' Angel)

Laguna, N.M.,

My dear friend:

Your daughter Mary Bailey, has entered another
year in the high school of Philadelphia. She is in excellent
health and is making good progress. It would be a great injury to
her and to yourself to take her out of school now.

Your friend,

September 16, 1890.

S.M. Brosius,

White Cloud, Kansas,

My dear Sir:

One of my good girls comes to me with a statement
that Frank Dorian has asked her several times to marry him. She
has refused each time until the last, when she wrote him she would
talk to me about it and see what I said. She is too good a girl
to throw her life away and as she would be forsaking all her friends
for him, it is best to know whether Frank is worthy. Will you
kindly inform me fully, as I have reserved judgment until I can
make some inquiry.

Sincerely your friend,

VOL. 17

September 15, 1890.

Richard Davis.
West Grove, Pa.,

My dear Richard:

I was glad to receive your two letter s of
August 28, and Sept. 10, and should have replied sooner; but you
know that I am exceedingly busy.

You have the spirit of your school father which is perfectly
right and proper. I say to you serve Mr. Harvey faithfully as long
as you are with him. Allow him no chances to find fault; you have
not done that in the past, I believe you will not do it in the fu-
ture. If you only stand for the right and are full of energy and
industry, the future has only better things for you. I count on
you and am with you as you know. My love to Nannie and the chil-
dren.

VOL. 17

241

September 16, 1890.

M.R.Hargrave,

White Cloud, Kansas,

Dear friend:

One of my good girls comes to me with the statement that Frank Dorian has asked her several times to marry him. She has refused each time until the last, when she wrote him she would talk to me about it and see what I said. She is too good a girl to throw her life away, as she would be forsaking all her friends for him, and it is best to know whether Frank is worthy. Will you kindly inform me fully, as I have reserved judgment until I can make some inquiry.

VOL. 17

242

September 22, 1890.

Hortie Stevens,

Anadarko, I.T.,

My dear Hortie:

I am glad to receive your kind letter and pleased to know that you like the Indian Helper. I hope that you are making good use of the things you learned at Carlisle. That you are working every day and setting a good example to your people; earning money and good health for yourself. I wish you would write to me often and tell me how you are getting on.

We have now 14 teachers and over 700 students, but 250 of these are out on farms and in the Public Schools. Mr. Campbell gets on very well with his boys, of which he has quite a little army now.

VOL. 17

243

September 22, 1890.

Nellie L. Nunn,
 Emerson, Neb.

My dear friend:

Your letter of anxiety about Cecelia came while I was absent in Indiana attending the funeral of my youngest brother. On my return I found quite a full letter from Cecelia, herself. This I enclose to you.

It seems to me that while Cecelia is getting on so nicely, and has sufficient intelligence to care for herself, and is so watchful of her health, we had better continue her at Millersville.

If she should begin to break at all seriously, we could send her home, and I would do so. If she quits now there are so many chances against her beginning again, and this year will be by far the most valuable year of her school experience. She quite understands that I favor her concluding her school life with this year's work. I have special interest in Cecelia's success and hope you will trust me to be most careful of her and helpful to her.

VOL. 17

244

September 22, 1890.

Cecelia Londresh,

Millersville Normal School,
Millersville, Pa.,

My dear Cecelia:

Thank you for your letter of the 18th., which
came while I was absent in Indiana, attending the funeral of my
youngest brother.

I have a letter from your sister about your returning home. As
you have now the intelligence and discretion sufficient to guide
you, and as you seem to be under good medical counsel, and to have
your health in hand: the subject of your daily attention, I feel
that it would hardly be right to break away from your arrangements
for this year, unless there is good reason.

It is so difficult to take up the line of study again after
once breaking off for a considerable time. I trust that you will
not only conform strictly to the direction of your physician, but
that you will keep me fully informed of your health.

At times I have felt that two porous plasters, one on the chest
and the other on the back, between the shoulders a great help in
breaking up a cough. It will certainly do not harm, and I think
will aid any internal application that the doctor may administer.

After a number of days there may be great annoyance from itching, but it stands for long

VOL. 17

2

245

ters give yourself additional protection around the chest and back.

This you can do easily with a single or double pad, made so your head could pass through and hang down the back and over the chest.

The brisk walk prescribed is most excellent, and I trust you
will keep it up.

Mr. Goodyear is expected to arrive to-day with a party of Win-
nebagoes andOmaha, three girls and five boys. Howard Logan with
him. Peter Powles came Saturday with 15 from the Oneidas.

Sincerely your friend,

September 22, 1990.

Miss Lucile Eves,
Portland, Oregon,

Dear Miss Eves:

I am greatly obliged to you for your full let-
ter forwarded under cover from Dr. Dorechester. One of the diffi-
culties in beginning with new students is want of information in
regard to their school history. In furnishing this so fully in
regard to the Nas Perces you have performed a great service for
both them and us. I wish you were nearer to us, and that I might
see you. What are your engagements ?

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 17

246

September 22, 1890.

Rev.Dr.Daniel Dorchester,
Supt. of Indian Schools,
Portland, Oregon,

Dear Doctor:

I want to thank you for the letter of Miss Eva.
It was a very nice party that we received from the Box Perces, and
her letter places us on a good footing at once.

As we should probably not reach any agreement in our differ-
ing views I will not argue some points in your letter of the 9th.

I have heard of your helpful interest in the San Carlos pupils
for which, personally, I feel grateful. They have a hard time of
it. I have 20 young fellows here from that Agency, and am holding
on to them year after year, that they may get stamina.

The trouble is we make the Indian fit, then fail to open the
future to him. With kind regards to Mrs Dorchester,

VOL. 17

247

September 22, 1890.

John Wren,

Robarts, Château Co., Mont.,

My dear sir:

Mr. Charles Aubrey never wrote me anything in regard to your children; nor have I from him through any one else, anything about your children. My action in sending your daughter home was based on her conduct here. I am very glad to tell you your other two daughters have been very different since their sister left, and I am entirely satisfied that it was the wisest thing to do. You would of course think, that in a community of such numbers as we have here there must be a good deal of strict discipline, and that one person may cause a great deal of mischief.

Of course I was very sorry to send your daughter home, and gave the matter a great deal of thought before I did it. I trust now that all will go well, and I hope you will influence your two daughters here to do well. Their time here may be made very valuable and profitable to them, or it may be otherwise as they comport themselves.

VOL. 17

September 22, 1890.

Lamere Ereaux

Harlem, Mont.,

Dear friend:

Our system is to give students opportunity
to go out into families and on farms, largely during vacation
and some remain out during the Winter and attend school 4 or
5 months. Usually new, in-coming students are kept here one
or two years before they are allowed to go out, but in cases
of intelligent ones we allow them to go sooner. Your daugh-
ter and one other kept begging us to allow them to go out this
Winter, and after repeated requests we concluded to let them
go because they were sufficiently intelligent to know what
they wanted. I fear from a letter received this morning that
it was only a freak. I enclose you that letter.

Rosalie is well placed and I know that an outing experi-
ence, and attending school with with active, pushing students
will do her good, aside from the discipline of family life
that she will get, and I feel it best that she should be held
to it for the present.

VOL. 17

249

22,

Lamere Ereaux,
Harlem, Montana

Rosalie all right. Full letter by

mail.

R.H.Pratt,

Sept. 23, 1890.

D.P.Dyer,
Pres. Augusta R.R.Co.

Augusta, Ga.

Dear Sir:

By reference I have your letter of August 30, in regard
to Henry Froman. I sent for Henry and talked with him about his
use of such strong language, and his answer is, that he learned to
talk this way from you. He says you are a very positive man, and use
strong language, and so thought he would write you in that way.

I have featured him on the propriety of it and have no
doubt he will be more careful in future.

Yours Sincerely,

VOL. 17

250

September 23rd, 1890.

Percy E. Kable,

Darlington, Indian Territory.

My dear Percy:-

I have your letter and am greatly pleased to hear
from you after so long a silence. I am especially glad to know
that you are employed in school and doing something for yourself
and your people. I think you are getting a good salary, and if
you are faithful you should make a great success of your present
place. I am sorry to hear of Ernie's going backward and also
sorry to hear that so many of our boys go to the scouts. You
have a large territory of country there to be developed and far-
mers only can do the best with that. All of you have learned
something of farming at Carlisle, and I think if you would take
up your lands, open farms, go to work like the white men over in
Oklohoma it would be far better than joining the scouts, even
though you do get $25 or $40 a month.

Give my love to Leonard and his wife and all of the
Carlisle students. Please also remember me to Mr. Davis.

With kind regards and best wishes,

Your friend,

VOL. 17

September 27, 1890.

D. Lothrop & Co.,
Boston, Mass.,

Gentlemen:

One of our ladies has written a little Indian story, which ran through quite a good many numbers of our school paper and attracted so much attention that I think it ought to be printed, with a few illustrations, in book form.

I wish you would look it over and advise me at to the best style of getting it out, and the expense per thousand. The illustrations ought to be reproductions of the photos. The type should be Pica with at least three six-to-pica leads between the lines.

As I should like to have it out before the holidays, to make use of it largely then, I would like you to report at once.

Should you be unable or unwilling to undertake the publication of this little story, please retain the manuscript, subject to my order.

VOL. 17

BLURRED ORIGINAL

September 29, 1890.

Benj. M. Thomas,

Laguna, N.M.

Dear Ben:

Glad to hear you reached home safely with your party, and that Anglia got up earlier than usual. I shall be glad to hear from you some evening, a full and pleasant evening, and what our boys are doing at home, and school with white chil-
dren. An Albuquerque paper said the other day that the Governor of Acacia has again been shipping our children to school, and that was very sad, and so was I, when I find out about this. When you get this letter, with kindest regards to all the rest, returned, would you please let me know your parents and the permits of those people who are going to live with you. Please write to your friends at school, and whatever you may do, let me know. Write soon, and don't forget to send some books and tracts.

With kindest regards to all, my love returned, with all the best for you and your friends. I am sure you will do well, and I wish you all the success in your future studies that I wish all my children. May God bless you and your friends.

VOL. 17

BLURRED ORIGINAL

September 29, 1880.

John M. Collins,

Lebanon, Lebanon, 1880.

By dear sir:

It is out of the principal features of this school to使 its pupils out during vacation to live in good white families that they may learn the best of human family life, and to keep them out during winter so let them attend school with white children. We have 250 so far now.

Your daughter has had many times to be allowed to go out and I sent her into one of our very best homes. When your letter was received she had been away from home 11 days, and I was not sure if she had been acquainted with the people she would live with when she wrote her letter to you. She is to go to school four months this winter, and whatever you may think of it, at your advice I may thoroughly satisfy that the experience she will have this winter will be more valuable to her all through her life than anything that can be done for her either here at Lebanon or with you at home. It is just such experience and training as I care to have for my own daughters. The wages she receives are a small part of the returns.

VOL. 17

OVERLAPPING TEXT

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 17

September 29, 1890.

M.T.Sweetser,

187 Boynton St., Boston,

Dear sir!

I return the paragraph which you propose to insert in your book, corrected as you desired.

Arthur Standing M.,
Pine Ridge, S. Dakota.

Dear Arthur:

I got your letter. I wish you would take more pains when you write and make what you want to say very plain. You know I have very many letters to read and very many to write, and it is important that I should understand.

I am glad you do not like the dance, and that you are at work for the Ament. Be as faithful and industrious as you can and all will go well with you. You must look to the Indian Helper for news about Carlisle.

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 17

262

Merchant&Co,

Philadelphia,

Penna.

Gentlemen:

Replying to your letter of the 29th. inst., the outside measurements are 38 inches: it is square.

The four flues give an area of 26 inches square on the inside.

In my former letter I did not intend to give you an order as you seem to understand. I asked you what it would cost, with base attachment. Please forward me this information and I will determine then whether to give the order.

Very Respectfully,

Capt. & Subt.

O.S.Houghton,

Mistineaque

Mass.

My Dear Sirs-

We have learned to depend on you for the large quantity of paper our scholars use in their school-rooms, and work at it so hard, that it is almost as much a fast help to us, and as I am informed, we are about, but again I venture to say, the better before you, trusting you have another lot you would care to send us. I am sorry to hear it is so, but I am sure your former Master will not intend to let you go so soon. I will only say, as a last month to come above.

We open our School this year with 726; about 500 present, the others out in families, with far better material and better prospects than ever before. I will do my best to make you a good Master. I hope you will agree to my request.

In spite of no little opposition in certain quarters, the race is merging more and more rapidly into ours, and the movement, not anyways near as wide as my anticipations. Telt that it would be before this or as it might be, still there'd be vast changes for the better to be seen as the result of our eleven years work.

Thanks to the many good friends who have stood by us.

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 17

OVERLAPPING TEXT

Oct. 1, 1890.

To the Adjutant Gen'l. U.S.A.

Washington, D.C.

Sir:-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge of the school under the provisions of the Act of Congress, approved, June 27, 1890, by the Army, A.G.O., August 23, and letter of Instructions from the Hon. Secretary of the Interior, dated Sept. 6, --all 1879.

My address for the next month is as above.

Very respectfully,

Your Obt.Servt.

Capt. 10th. Cavy.

VOL. 17

266

October 2nd, 1898.

Beatrice Beads-on-Angle,

Govt. Boarding School,
Growe Agency, Montana.

Thanking you, my dear Beatrice, for your full letter
I am especially glad to know that you and Louis and Persis and
Sarah are in the school and at work. I hope that all of you will
do your very best. You know how. Be just as well as you know
and you will be a grand success. I hope your good Superintendent
will some day be able to write me a very complimentary letter
about my Carlisle girls. Such a letter will make me very happy.
All goes well with us at Carlisle; just about 500 children are
here and about 230 out for the winter.

I shall be ready to hear from your agent or super-
tendent at any time or any other party from Carlisle but it
must be through them that I hear.

With kind regards to Louis and Sarah, Persis,
Carroll and all of the other returned Carlisle students at your
agency,

I am,

Most sincerely, your friend,

VOL. 17

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 17

October 2nd, 1890,

Samuel Keryte,

care of Government Indian School,

Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Dear Samueli-

I congratulate you on your promotion to a $60 a month place. It will take a great deal of industry and attention to business on your part to hold such a place as that. I hope you will never be late, never be idle, and that you will always do the very best that you can at your work,-- if possible, do better than the white man with whom you work. You have a great chance, a great opportunity; improve it. I am glad you were able to see that you did not do as well as you ought when you were at Hartford. Now much better it would have been for you had you been able to see that when here, but if you push hard you may overcome that loss. I am with you, and so are all your old school mates and teachers in your every effort to become a man.

I would be glad if you would write to the Pueblo boys I have just as you write to me. Give them the encouragement of your experience.

Your friend,

BLURRED ORIGINAL

October 2nd, 1890.

Albert K. Smiley,

Lake Mohawk, N. Y.

My dear Friends:-

Very truly yours,

VOL. 17

October 2nd, 1890.

Col. John T. Nicholson,

139 South 7th Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Colonel-

I expect to be at the Reception on Monday night.
I enclose herewith $5.00 as a contribution towards its expenses.
Have been compelled to delay more prompt answer.

Yours sincerely,

October 2nd, 1890.

Messrs. Merchant & Co.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentlemen-

Referring to yours of yesterday in regard to Star
Ventilator, please make and forward me one in accordance with your
letter.

VOL. 17

October 2nd, 1890,

Cecilie Londrosh,

Millersville, Pa.

Dear Cecilias-

In answer to yours of 29th ulto. I enclose to you
check for $10.00, for which please send me a memorandum receipt.

Sincerely your friend,

VOL. 17

October 3rd, 1890.

W. H. French, Esq.,

115 5th Avenue,
Chicago, Ill.

Dear Sirs-

I enclose the views of my principal teacher covering the points of your inquiries. I wish to add personally that from the longest experience in Indian service, and actual dealing with Indians, of any one now so engaged, I am convinced that environment practically covers the ground of mind and body conditions and this too to a very great extent irrespective of birth conditions. We are born blank. If placed in the society of those who reason and argue, we shall reason and argue; and if under the influence of those who do not reason or argue, the chances are that we shall not. Children from the very best white families of the country brought up exclusively in the modes of the lowest Indian will be like them in speech, thought and action; on the contrary, children from the lowest Indian influences if brought up exclusively in the modes of our advanced civilization will be correspondingly advanced in their thought, language and actions. Dr. E. Pater's vision it is rather small business for any of us to call any of our kind common and unclean.

Yours truly,

VOL. 17

October 4th, 1890,

Miss Frances C. Sparhawk,

Newton Centre, Mass.

My dear Miss Sparhawk:

I enclose to you a letter from D. Lothrop Co.
If I remember right, you are well acquainted with them. Both Mr.
and Mrs. Lothrop know me. I would like to get out Miss Burgess'
little book in good shape, and am willing to invest the necessary
money in it. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. made us an offer of $350.
for the first thousand and $165. for the second, and other thou-
sands after that. If you should happen into Boston and would
interest yourself in this matter to give me the benefit of your
wisdom and inquiries, I should be very greatly obliged. I think
the book should be brought out at once, and that it should be
copyrighted as well. It undoubtedly has considerable merit be-
cause it is being republished in childrens' papers, and as Miss
Burgess informs me she hears from you that it is going into a
magazine. We could certainly take care of two thousand copies
from here, and I should want an edition of that number for our
own use. Please advise me and as promptly as you can. I also
enclose letter from Houghton, Mifflin & Co., which you will please
return with letter from D. Lothrop Co.

VOL. 17

Miss F. G. S., 2.

On looking over some matters put away in my Red
Man pigeon hole I found an old editorial of yours which seemed
quite apropos and we brought it out in our last number. This
and other services, I think, entitle you to the enclosed small
check. Your receipt please.

Oct. 4, 1890.

Prof.E.O.Lyte,
Prin. Normal School,
Millersville, Penna.

Dear Sir:-

I inclose herewith my check for $140.00, being
advance payment for Cecilia Londrosh and Clara Faber.

VOL. 17

276

Oct.4, 1890.

Capt. John W. Pullman,
A.D.M.U.S.A.
1428 Arch St. Philada. Pa.

Sir:-

I have the honor to forward herewith duplicate
requisitions for forage for my two private horses for the
month of October, 1890.

Capt. 10th.
Cavy.

Oct. 24, 1890.

W. Fackler,
P.R.R.Station,
Harrisburg, Penna.

Dear Sir:-

I inclose herewith my check for $3.00 in payment
of your bill for 28 Standard Recitations, with an apology for
the delay. Your account was somehow overlooked.

Please send me receipted bill.

VOL. 17

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 17

October 4th, 1890,

Sons. Cyrus Bussay,

Assist. Secretary of the Interior,

Care, Hough Washington, D. C.

Dear Generals—

My brother, S. B. Pratt, who served in the 73rd
Indiana, I think Company G., made application for pension in 1887,
and from time to time he has been called on for additional evidence
His claim is No. 609.121, and I understand from those who have
took interested that every question of the Department has been met
and the claim stands in a favorable light. He died on the 16th
of last month leaving a widow and three children in destitute cir-
cumstances. Is it not possible to get a conclusion of his case
from the Department? I write you personally hoping that you
know some means of forwarding the case, and that you will be kind
enough to do that for me. I am compelled to take care of the
family. There were three brothers of us, myself and second
brother were out from the beginning to the end of the War.
My younger brother, Seth, who makes this claim, went out in 1862
and remained to the end of the War. Aside from relationship,
I feel it is to be one of the most deserving cases.

277

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 17

278

October 6th, 1890,

Bert Deere,

Care, Houghton & Raney,

Purcell, Ind. Ter.

Dear Sirs-

It seems to me that if you have a good place and
are earning money, and showing those people down there in Oklahoma
that an Indian is worth something you had better stay, and that
would be my advice to you; nevertheless, if it is all right - I
mean by that, if there are no obligations resting upon you to remain
with those people, and it is all right in every way for you
to come to Carlisle, I will receive you here if you report at your
own cost. If you can you should come very soon so as to go on
at the beginning of the year.

279

OVERLAPPING TEXT

October 6th, 1890,

Sallie Mixwater,

Locust Grove, Ind. Ter.

Dear Friend:

Your sister Lollie is in a good school in Phila-
delphia living with a kind and very greatly interested family.
She is doing well now, and I believe her associations out of school
and her attending school with good active white children will be a
great blessing to her. I should be glad to open our doors to
more of the five civilized tribes, but the law is against it.
Lollie came here during my absence. While we can undertake one
or two without any special notice, if we should increase the
number it might prevent us taking any. I am very very sorry
not to be able to help you with the young people in whom you are
so greatly interested, but I cannot without authority from Washing-
ton. I do not believe any such authority would be granted, but
it would be no harm to try. Suppose you write yourself to the
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington, and ask his permission
for the young people you name to attend the school at Carlisle. It
may be that under a different administration this would be allowed
in some way.

Gordially your friend,

VOL. 17

280

October 8th, 1890,

General Thos. J. Morgan,
Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
Albuquerque, N. M.

My dear General:-

Your letter of 2nd just received. In view
of the outrageous attack by the Catholic News, I concluded to
break over my rule about taking everything and answering nothing
from the Catholics, and have accordingly made a few remarks in our
Red Man, which I shall take pains to send marked to every member
of Congress at his home and to every prominent newspaper in the
country, and now that I have gone into the fight I intend to stay
in until better reason rules.

What was apparent as a dim fact before has become
a certainty now. Oberly and all the Ex.s of the Indian office
during the last administration were absolutely under the dictum of
the Catholic Bureau.

I did not go to Mohonk. Am not enough in unison
with the Mohonkites to feel at home there. Being repeatedly
urged I have sent Chester Cornelius who can from his own experience
give them some ideas on the outcome of the severalty law. He also
takes up a hundred copies of the Red Man to distribute, which will

VOL. 17

Genl. T. J. M., 2.

be fully as serviceable as my presence.

Quite a little party of pupils are made up in
Northern Michigan and I shall send for them. I also think well
to go to the Utes in Colorado, unless you advise to the contrary,
but I can go with more hope of success after they have had a few
frost-bites.

Very glad to hear that you and Mrs. Morgan are
having such a pleasant and profitable outing. Visiting the agents
and schools is just what you ought to do frequently.

I rest my building labors this fall with the store-
house. It was too late to take up the barn and the girls dor-
mitory shops. The winter will give me time to mature plans, ad-
vertise and arrange everything and go ahead with more judgment
early in the Spring.

Kind regards to Mrs. Morgan,

VOL. 17

October 8th, 1890,

Miss Amelia Elwooday,

San Carlos, Arizona.

My dear Amelia;-

I am exceedingly glad to know that you have reached
your home safely. In all the party that started out I felt more
anxious about you than any other, and it is pleasing to know that
the Carlisle boys are looking well. We think of you in your far
away Arizona home and hope that in every way your path may be a
pleasant one. When you get strong I trust that the agent will
give you something to do at the school, if you find no other place
to work.

VOL. 17

419

Dr. M., 2.

portions, you can see how utterly absurd it is for the newspapers
and western correspondents to throw upon the public attention
such an amount of notice as they do. My long experience in the
West, and especially my experience of 1888 as chairman of the
Sioux Commission, enables me to say that the average Western
correspondent is a most unscrupulous sensationalist. The dispatches
from Bismarck, Mandan, Fort Yates & Standing Rock are
principally without any foundation whatever. Sitting Bull happens
to be there and to be notorious, therefore wherever his name can
be mentioned it attracts attention.

To my own personal knowledge, I can say that any
dispatches from that quarter are not worth the reading, unless
they should be signed by an Army or Govt. official. As I am in-
formed here, the newspaper dispatches from Pine Ridge and Rosebud
and that vicinity partake of the same character. That the
Indians are likely to go to war is not to be thought of for one
moment. Where is their commissary? They could not exist in the
Bad Lands for ten days. When Guster had his affair with the
Indians in 1876 there was still plenty of buffalo, but now there
is not a buffalo to be found in the West available for their
support. All other game has been practically destroyed. They
might steal a few cattle and carry along, but those would only

VOL. 17

420

VOL. 17

Dr. M., 3.

impede them, so that troops could the more easily make up to them.

The delusion flourishes only in the soil of superstition. The old, who have held on either openly or secretly to the past and have longings for its return, are the principal ones affected by it. The crude notions they have received in regard to Christianity have been utilized by their superstitious tendencies, and they hope for miracles. The disappointments they will suffer in not seeing the fulfillment of their desires and promises XXXXXXXXXXXX of their prophets will work the best cure. I have been inclined to think, and still think, that designing white men have inaugurated, and have added much to the spread of the craze.

The best place to see this would be at either the Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota, Rosebud or Pine Ridge Agencies in South Dakota, and I have no doubt that a man of your standing would receive every encouragement that could properly be afforded by simply taking letters to the Indian agents and to the military officers or both. General Howard, of Governors Island, could give you the most emphatic letters to military officers. Lieut. Guy Howard, a son of the General, and who is on his staff, could give you a letter to Agent McLaughlin at Standing Rock that would be as effective as any that could be written. As you pass through Genl. Miles' head-

422

November 28th, 1890,

Mr. James E. Wasson,

Care of Tribune,

New York, N. Y.

Dear Sirs-

I shall be glad to have you say what you can about Carlisle. My first that we are on right lines constantly increases.

Answering your first question - "How much truth, if any, is there in the oft repeated assertion that the Indian boys educated at the school nearly all relapse into barbarism," I have to say that that is just about as extremely false a statement as could be made. There are relapses, but the proportion is not great. During the past week a Rev. Mr. Hubbard, a missionary among the Indians in the Indian Territory for the past 18 years, spent a day with me here. He stated that he knew upwards of sixty of our returned students and saw some of them every day, and that he knew of but one failure or relapse in the whole number. He is a zealous friend of our cause, and very probably would not see with as critical eyes as an enemy. In my report and the extracts from former reports, in the copy of the Red Man which you have, I think I give a fair impression of the situation and

VOL. 17

423

J. B. W., 2.

the way to better things. We have many scores of students throughout the reservations who are doing most excellent work in the face of the greatest difficulty, teaching school, farming, working at their trades, and a very large number form the best element in the scouts under the Military and Police forces for the agencies. They furnish most of the non-commissioned officer material, but I request that in whatever you say you will not lose sight of the points I make in reference to the escaping from the socialisms of the tribe.

This morning I am in receipt of the enclosed letter from Bird C. Seward, a full-blood Cheyenne, who was with us less than three years and returned to his home on account of rheumatism. This is one of almost daily letters I receive from returned students.

In your summer weekly for August 13th, 1889, on the fifth page there is a very sarcastic account of one of our returned students, taken from the Gallup, N. M., Register. The agent for the Navajos was here some months ago and informed me that the writer of that article was one of the most notorious scoundrels in New Mexico and that he was now in the penitentiary and that there was no truth in him. He stated that the boy referred to was working faithfully at the agency and a great help to them in communicating with and setting an example to the tribe, that he had married and built himself a little house. He promised to write me a note

VOL. 17

424

J. B. W., 3.

covering this point which I intended to forward to the Tribune
but he probably forgot it and I have had too much to do to pay
much attention to such things.

In favor of my ideas of not sending back but of
incorporating the Indian on our side I enclose you sever-1
letters written by another Cheyenne boy who belonged to one of the
hostile Cheyennes whom we fought in 1874 and 1875, and who with his
father and people I with others, under General Davidson and Mac-
kenzie, chased and fought over the western part of the Indian
Territory. After eight years with us this young man married a
Pawnee girl and went into the employ of Mr. Harvey, of West Grove,
Pa., and he has his little home, his wife and two children. He
takes care of Mr. Harvey's dairy, supplying Mr. Wana aker's great
store of Philadelphia with about 80 quarts of cream daily. As
to his care of the stock and his performance of the duties en-
trusted to him you can see what his employer says. I have
plenty of like cases, and if at any time you would care to spend a
day or two in considering this feature A should be most happy to
go with you from place to place, where I may show you A not only
Cheyennes, but Sioux, Apaches, Navajos, Comanches, Pawnees, Kiowas
and others belonging to our most backward tribes. I send you
something on the outing system by Dr. Barrows of the Christian
Registers.

Your editorial in the Tribune of November 19th I

VOL. 17

425

J. B. W., 4.

entirely agree with except in one of the closing paragraphs in regard to educating Indian children at home. If you will examine carefully the results of educating Indian children at home, and take the latest and best Schools that have been inaugurated, you will be greatly changed in your views in regard to the possibilities of that sort of thing. To the casual observer it appears to be a good thing, but the results in no case that I know of have been at all commensurate with the outlay of time and labor. No spirit of American citizenship or individuality and independence has been generated. The results in every case have been simply to produce, as I said in my report, a so-called nation out of the tribe.

You ask, - "Do you care to express any opinion as to the cause of the present dissatisfaction of the Indians."

The Messiah craze is the natural result of the present reservation and tribal surroundings. From a life of activity in the chase and almost unlimited freedom in running and war the Indians have been crowded on to reservations and into a condition of enforced idleness. After day around their camp fires they talk of their past, simply because there is little or no future for them to talk about.

The frequently changed, almost infinitesimal and ignorant inexperienced forces that the Government and the Church bears upon them with, through agents and employes and missionaries disturbed but very little the onward flow of their superstition and savage

VOL. 17

432

November 28, 1890.

Dear Miss Sparhawk:

Your letter of the 25th inst. at hand. Please
have publishers push out the book at once under the follow-
ing conditions:

Iyce Pica and treble-leaded, as agreed in first letter
from Houghton, Mifflin & Co. (Not double leaded.)

The pictures retained and the two forwarded to-day are
to be used as full-page illustrations, except the one repre-
senting a woman washing at a water hole. If this is too
small for full page, it may be used at the end of some chap-
ter where space on page permits. Miss Burgess is particu-
larly desirous that this picture be used if possible.

 covers of different colors from "Patsy" are desired.

If possible, let them dark green or blue, with gilt lettering, and
they may vary if it does not add to the expense. Should the
gilt lettering be more expensive we will stand it.

The design on the cover should be new and taking and
should also be gilt.

The quality of paper of Patsy is satisfactory.

Let the firm manage the copyright, in Miss Burgess'
name, (M. Burgess); all rights reserved.

VOL. 17

OVERLAPPING TEXT

433

The photograph of the school-grounds, to-day forwarded, is also scratched, but it is the best we have. Use the better one of the two.

The picture of the girl is one of a Mt. Vernon Apache, is all Carlisle. It may be used where deemed best. Miss Burgess does not favor the idea of incorporating the Graduating Class, as suggested, and of adding to the story to make the picture appropriate. We shall hope to hear from you soon that all arrangements are completed.

VOL. 17

434

December 1st, 1890,

To the Adjutant General, U. S. A.,

Washington, D. C.

Sir:-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge
of this School under the provisions of the Act of Congress, ap-
proved June 27th,- per S. O. No. 194, Headquarters of the Army A.
G. O. August 23rd, and letter of instruction from the Hon. Secre-
tary of the Interior, dated September 6th,- all 1879.

VOL. 17

435

December 1st, 1890,

To the

Adjutant 10th U. S. Cav'y.,
Fort Apache, Arizona.

Sir-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge
of this School under the provisions of the Act of Congress, ap-
proved June 27th,- per S. O. No. 194, Headquarters of the Army
A. O. G., August 23, and letter of instruction from the Hon. Sec-
retary of the Interior, dated September 6th, - - all 1879.

Capt. 10th Cav'y.

VOL. 17

436

December 1st, 1890,

General J. F. Boyd,

Supt., C. V. R. R.

Dear Sirs:-

I want to thank you for placing a train on the Road connecting with the Western Express at Harrisburg, so that we can leave Philadelphia at 4.25, and reach Carlisle at 8.12, making the best accommodation we have ever had between here and Philadelphia.

I am sorry that you do not give us the 10.35 stop going East. That is a train we use more than any other and we should have a stop at the Junction. Can you not arrange that for us?

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 17

438

oblige you, but looking at it in this way I do not see that it
would be right for me to ask to have him sent home, and I do not
believe I would be allowed to send him if I did ask.

Sincerely your friend,

December 2nd, 1890.

Mr. Henry Moore,

Soldiers' Home,

Hot Springs, South Dakota.

Dear Sir:-

Your daughter is in just the lines that she needs
to be in in order to properly fit her for her duties in life. She
is living in a good family where she receives instruction in
housewifely duties and she attends Public School with white youth.
We give every pupil an opportunity to do this for a year or more
while with us. No amount of schooling will give them what this
will. It is not practicable to send her home and she herself does
not desire it, nor is it best. While she is in the way to learn
what she needs to know she should be kept there until she has
learned it. I trust that you yourself will see this as I do and
be content.

Sincerely your friend,

VOL. 17

439

December 2nd, 1890,

Edgar Fire Thunder,

Pine Ridge Agency,
South Dakota.

My dear Edgar:-

I enclose a letter which I trust may be of service
to you. I am glad to hear that things are quiet at Pine Ridge.
The newspapers have been saying a great deal against your people
up there, but we have understood all along that it was lying white
men and that there was no good reason to feel alarmed. I sincere-
ly hope that all of our Carlisle students will keep entirely clear
of the Messiah craze; it is nothing but a craze; there is nothing
in it whatever, as you know as well as I do. These foolish old
people may dance till doomsday and not be able to realize a one
year old boy alone, much less a great harvest of buffalos. Our
boys and girls are not at all affected by what they see, except
to be amused that some of their people are still so foolish.

I am thinking that in the Spring, when we have our
annual exercises, I would like to have you and Clarence, and one
or two others, visit us. I have thought of trying to bring to-
gether quite a little party from the different agencies of our
former good students., Dan Tucker, Ed. Tyler and some others from

VOL. 17

E. F. T., 2.

the south-west; others from the north-west, may be 10 or 15 in
all. It would be very pleasant for us and we would try to make
it pleasant for you. I suppose that our exercises will be in
May as usual. I shall be glad to hear from you about this.

Faithfully your friend,

December 2nd, 1890,

John Wanamaker,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sirs-

440

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 17

December 2nd, 1890,

Messrs. Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict,
834 Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentlemen:

Replying to yours of 1st inst. would say that I do not consider the machine you sent me at all equal to the one I have. This machine has not been much used and is perfectly new; the one you sent is considerably worn and much older. For these reasons I did not consider the exchange a good one and so decided to keep the one I have.

VOL. 17

443

December 4th, 1890,

George W. Means,

My dear George:-

We are all greatly interested and anxious here
in the news we hear from your agency. Wont you please write me
a full letter and tell me all what is going on. I am glad that
you have employment in the agent's office, and also Ot.

Please tell me if any of our Carlisle students are
with the Messiah craze people. Tell me what each one is doing,
so far as you can. You will do me quite a favor if you can
give me this information and write me fully.

Sincerely, your friend,

VOL. 17

444

December 4th, 1890,

Mrs. Sarah L. Williams,

Baxter Springs, Kansas.

Dear Mrs. Williams:-

Your son Isaac enlisted in the Army and it is
not possible for me to do anything about it. He did not consult
me. From what I know of him I think it about the best thing
that he could have done. Army discipline will, I think,
straighten him out and give him some judgment. I tried to handle
him here, but his conduct was such that I found it necessary for
him to leave the school. I offered to send him home, but he
begged to go to relatives, as he said, on Long Island, where he
had been before. I permitted him to do that and you have the
result.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 17

445

December 4th, 1890.

James H. Miller,

Govt. Indian School,

Albuquerque, N. M.

My dear James:-

I am glad to know the facts from you in regard to
your treatment at Acama, and I am more glad than I can tell you
that you stood your ground. The punishment you have received at
the hands of the Governor and the officials will react on them.
It may not be immediately, but it will come in time. All those
old, blind, bigotted men will have to go to the wall. I shall let
the Government know of your treatment.

I am glad to know that you are at the school at Albuquerque. Do the best you can and all will come out right. I must refer you to the Indian Helper for the Carlisle news.

VOL. 17

446

December 4th, 1890,

Henry J. Kendall,

Islita, N. M.

My dear Henry:-

Thanks for your letter of November 25th. I have anticipated that our returned students, especially Laguna, would come under some such influence as you yourself have felt and reported to me in times past. I know that there are plenty in New Mexico in all of the Pueblo villages anxious to keep the pupils ignorant of American civilization, and it is not to be anticipated that all of our returned students will be free from giving way to some of those influences. I am glad that you are there to stand up for us.

A gentleman who has charge of a large school in Philadelphia and who has been 7 years in the great Friends school at Westtown, and who has recently visited England and the schools there, was with me on Tuesday. He told me that our food at Carlisle Indian School is much more liberal in quantity, and equal in quality, to the food given in this first class Friends' School at Westtown, and very much better than some of the great schools that he visited in England. So far as clothing is concerned, I doubt if there is another school in the service that clothes

VOL. 17

447

H. J. K., 2.

its pupils as well. There will be a change in the public sentiment at Laguna some time and Islita too I hope.

You do not tell me how you are getting along yourself. I should be very glad to hear that you feel able to renew your work at College. I believe you know that Dr. Gates has accepted the Presidency of Amherst College. If you should feel equal to it, and cared to return east again, I should expect to send you to Amherst instead of Rutgers. President Seeley, who preceded Dr. Gates as President of Amherst several times requested me to send him some of my Indian boys. You would have a warm welcome there.

Harvey Townsend writes me from the school at Albuquerque. Why he should go there and come here is not plain to me. Harvey might also take a college course, if he would. Talk to him about it.

Give my warm regards to your father and mother.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 17

448

December 4th, 1890,

Rev. W. H. Pierson, Chaplain U. S. A.,
Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.

My dear Friend:-

I wish to say this in reference to your work there that if at any time it appears to you and Lieut. Wotherspoon that one or two more of the Apaches here could render good service, I shall cheerfully send them. Quite a number of them have, like Talbot and Burdette, a little knowledge of some trade and, like the others, are inclined to work and set a good example. I do not mean to say that I think it best that this should be done, but if it should seem to you best I will do it. The atmosphere of drinking and gambling which you say surrounds the people there will be a bad one, of course, for any of the youth here. All the Apaches here are now in good health and making fair headway in their education and gain of knowledge for civilized pursuits.

I realize all you say about being in a poor country to do good work. When I first took the Indian prisoners to Florida in 1875 I realized the disadvantages of the surrounding influences and that almost any place in any Northern State would be preferable. I wrote to the Secretary of War asking that they be transferred to one of the Northern States, and went so far as to

VOL. 17

449

W. H. P., 2.

state that if they could be placed in a State Penitentiary it
would be far better than keeping them as I did in the old fort at
St. Augustine, surrounded by a lazy listless community there.

I do hope you can pay us a visit and we can then
talk over matters freely.

Gordially yours,

December 4th, 1890,

Rev. Thos. S. Wilcox,

Central Penna. M. E. Book Room,

Harrisburg, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

Please send me one dozen "Daily Strength" as per
your postal.

Yours truly,

VOL. 17

451

December 8th, 1890,

Harvey Townsend,

Dear Harvey:

While it was quite a surprise to get a letter from
you it was also a very great pleasure. Your long silence had be-
gun to make me feel bad, because you know when you were here how
much I liked you, and you know how anxious I was that you should
return to us and go on to a higher education. You know too that
your very strong intentions to do so were not carried out, but I
am glad to know that you are in school some place and that you are
still inclined to push yourself forward in the right way. I have
not had any doubt of your having had a hard time at home. Every
great success is attended with great labor and great difficulty.
To come out from such darkness as your people have lived in for
centuries requires on the part of every individual who does it
not only great courage, but in many instances serious suffering.
I am aware of it all, and that you are out of it for a time and
at the good work again renews my confidence in you. I hope you
will remember the great leaders, such as Luther, Zwingley, Wycliff,

VOL. 17

452

H. T. 2.

Calvin, Wesley, and others, to whom the world is so much indebted to-day for its civilization, and you coming into a knowledge of that civilization and having such great opportunity may feel encouraged, and I hope may stand for the greatest and best things in the future of your people.

I congratulate you on having command of a company and being a Captain with me in military matters. I assure you I shall not feel jealous if you get to be a major before I do, or even a Colonel. Go on, my good boy, and may the Good Father help, guide and protect you.

With kindest greetings to all the Carlisle students with you at the Albuquerque school.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 17

453

VOL. 17

December 8th, 1890,

Thos. W. Potter,

El Reno, Oklohoma.

My dear Mr. Potter:-

I have intended to write you every day for two
weeks, but the spirit of writing is so limited that more important
correspondence absorbs about all I have, and I must acknowledge
yours by dictation.

I am glad to know that you took that little side
trip that you speak of and trust that all presented itself to
you satisfactorily. Mr. Meserve writes me that Moses is getting on
well at the School.

I am very sorry to hear of your serious financial
loss, and trust that it may not be as bad as reported.

Everything is going on well at the school. An
increase since you were here runs us up to 560 present.

With kindest regards, and best wishes for your
success in every way.

454

December 8th, 1890,

P. J. Powlas,

Oneida, Wis.

publ

Dear Friend Peter:-

I have had your letter some days hoping that I
might myself find time and the spirit to write you with my own
hand, but it has not come and I must dictate a note to you. I de-


I thank you for writing me so frankly about your-
self and your affairs. So far as I know, Peter J. Powlas has they
confidence of every one at Carlisle, and this confidence has not
been disturbed but has been rather strengthened by the attacks
made upon him. I have had several letters which only needed the
reading to convince me of the character of those who wrote them,
and to which I paid no attention. The bringing of the party
here came about in a very natural way. Dennison had my letter of
instructions to keep me informed of his actions and the prospect
of a party, to which he paid no attention, and as the time had
arrived and passed at which he was to return with a party I wrote
you. You had nothing to do with the inception of it. I invited
you to bring the party and of my own motion without intimation or
influence of any kind from any quarter. I knew if you undertook
it that it would succeed. I think you have nothing to do but to

VOL. 17

455

P. J. P., 2.

go ahead and attend to your own business, and in time public busi-
ness will probably again demand your services.

I am very sorry for the turn Dennison has taken. I
had very high hopes of him, but it is only another ina long list
of evidences we have that it is unsafe to allow those whom we de-
sire to push forward to higher education, and are still quite
young, to return home before they have finished their course. By
my plans Dennison should now have been in one of our best colleges
under training and development for the Law, which is the profession
he had chosen. Time will tell him whether he has acted wisely
or not.

The Oneidas here are all in excellent health so
far as I know and making good headway.

Snows are falling, and we hope for some real good
Winter weather.

With cordial greetings to Clara and other Carlisle
students you may meet.

Faithfully, your devoted friend,

VOL. 17

456

December 8th, 1890,

Joel B. Archiquette,
Oneida, Wis.

Dear Joel:-

Thanks for your brief little note telling me of
your good health and the work you are doing. I hope you will
find something else to do now that you cannot plow, and that you
will spend no time whatever in idleness.

Your sister and brother are very well except a
little sore throat which Melinda has, but I have no doubt she will
be all right in a day or two. She is not losing her school lessons

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 17

457

December 8th, 1890,

Samuel Little Hawk,

Rosebud Agency,
South Dakota.

Dear Samuel:-

I am very glad indeed to know that you are not
mixed up with the crazy people who are getting themselves into
trouble. I am glad that you remember Carlisle so pleasantly.
We are so full of students now that I do not care for any more
from Dakota. Possibly next summer we may take a party. We
have 560 on the grounds, and that is more than we can well take
care of with our present accommodations.

VOL. 17

460

December 11th, 1890,

Frank Gordon,

Crow Agency, Mon.

My dear Sir:-

I find Willie Leighton entirely content to be at
Carlisle, making commendable progress, in excellent health, and
there seems no reason why he should be disturbed in the pursuit of
that which is of the utmost importance to him. As he came here
for a specified period, it would not be practicable, if I could
advance the best of reasons, for me to obtain authority from the
Commissioner to send him home. I trust you and his mother will
do all you can to make him content with his work here.

VOL. 17

461

OVERLAPPING TEXT

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION.
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 17

December 11th, 1890,

Richard Davis,

West Grove, Pa.

My dear Richard:-

I have taken several days to think of the contents of your letter of the 6th. Nothing is plainer to me than the very great growth you have made in the last three years. While you would undoubtedly have made rapid strides if you had continued at Carlisle, I feel sure that you yourself will admit that your greatest progress has been made because of your present location and associations. My feeling is that you had better continue where you say you are perfectly willing to, and I would urge that in every way possible you strive to make yourself indispensable to Mr. Harvey, so that when a separation comes, which it is sure to some time, he will part with you with the greatest possible regret. In attempting to make yourself thus invaluable to him you will get the greatest good yourself, and in doing it you could also rest upon this fact that it need not necessarily in any way prevent you from taking advantage of what may offer in the future.

If you have not already sent the small sum for the tickets, I desire you would use it in furnishing a little Christmas for Nannie and the children.

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 17

462

December 11th, 1890,

J. Wade Tindall,

University of Worcester,

Worcester, Ohio.

My dear Joel:-

I am pleased at receiving your pleasant letter and
shall be more pleased to see you here at Christmas time. Nothing
gives us more real satisfaction than to find the sentiments we
have tried to plant for years, taking such hold as they appear
to have on you.

I beg you will always look upon Carlisle as your
home to use so long as I am here.

Faithfully, your friend,

463

OVERLAPPING TEXT

December 11th, 1890,

Phoebe Howell,

Pennsylvania Hospital,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Phoebe:-

That is all right about the photographs for
Christmas. Mrs. Pratt and I shall enjoy them all the more.

Stacy is already sitting up. His broken leg is
healing in nice shape. He has had some attention from a young
lady, which he seems to enjoy.

Our King's daughters are to have a great time to-
morrow night. A car load of evergreens has just arrived for
Christmas decorations, and altogether everybody is busy.

VOL. 17

464

December 15th, 1890.

A. M. Wood,

147 School Lane,
Germantown, Phila.

My dear Arthur:-

I send you to-day a better copy of the photo.
taken from upper porch of School building. The principal build-
ings, those that I would care most to have in the heading, are,
the school building, the Girls', Large and Small Boys' Dormitories
and the Gymnasium; but it is a matter of taste, and I would be
glad to have your excellent judgment exercised and see what you
yourself would produce. It is all right about the tanks. I will
go to the parties from whom I purchased the originals.

We remember your visit with the greatest of pleasure
and I can only say, come again.

VOL. 17

465

December 15th, 1890.

Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.,

4 Park Street,

Boston, Mass.

Gentlemen:-

I find your suggestions as to illustrations, headings, etc. for Miss Burgess' book, as per your letter of December 12th, acceptable to her. The Pueblo woman washing was the one Miss Burgess desired on the cover, as you had supposed. She also accepts the suggestion of your Art manager that the picture of the Carlisle school should go at the close of the book and the Indian girl as the frontispiece. We change and make it "Stiya, Carlisle Indian girl" instead of "Pueblo Indian girl."

You may ship the books when finished directly to me
by freight and send me the bill. From many items that have come
during the time the story was going out in our little paper, and
since, I feel confident that many more than the 2,000 edition will
be sold, and trust you will have the plates in good shape so that
we can renew the order.

VOL. 17

466

December 15th, 1890,

William F. Campbell,

Law School,

Minneapolis, Minn.

Dear William:-

I enclose to you a letter and Articles of Agreement which will enable you to secure $167.00 per annum, which is being allowed to students of your class. I suggest that you get either the President of the University or one of the Professors to execute it and handle the means for you. I would draw it so as to make it take in the past time that you have attended the school.

Sincerely, your friend,

VOL. 17

467

December 15th, 1890.

Dr. Carlos Montezuma,

Western Shoshone Agency,
White Rock, Nevada.

My dear Doctor:-

I shall be only too happy to see you here at
our next commencement. I purpose making it the most eventful in
our history and shall be glad to have you take a little of our
time with an address. From your very full experiences I know you
can say what will be most helpful to all of us. The exact date
is not yet fixed, but it will be not far from the middle of May.
I will correspond with you further about it.

VOL. 17

OVERLAPPING TEXT

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 17

December 21, 1890.

My dear Mr. Margrave;

Carrie Deroin arrived here yesterday without any notice of her coming having been sent.

When she was at Haskell I had a letter from Supt. Meserve informing me that she was there and that she was pregnant, and making inquiry as to her character when here. I had my physician and the nurse make examination, and the fact of her condition is established. She made a statement to Miss Sea-brook, the nurse, in regard to it and I had her to give it in writing, which she did. I enclose to you a copy.

As you know, Carrie gave us a great deal of concern all the time that she was with us. Her disposition seemed to be unchangeably bad, but her statement as to her not being chemically intimate with any one while here, is true. It was her talk and her constant tendency to intimacy that gave us concern. It was only by the strictest observation and frequent discipline that we kept her at all in line.

Every Summer I was besought by the matron in charge of the girls, to send her home, on account of her influence among the younger girls, but your desire that I should keep her led

472

2.

me to continue her from year to year in hopes of a change.

Last Summer, our numbers having greatly increased and the Com-
missioner having ordered me to throw off the unworthy element

I concluded to send her home.

Carrie states that she told her cousin all about it, and
that her cousin scolded her husband for it. She also says
that she only came here to stay two or three weeks, and that
you would send her money to come home on. She says too that
neither you nor her Aunt know of her condition. Of course
it is not proper for us to have her here at the school.

I trust you will send money at once to return her. The
affair having occurred there, it is proper that it should be
attended to there. If the guilt was here I would feel it
right to some how take care of her. I am, at some inconveni-
ence to the Doctor and the nurse, having her kept quietly in
a room at the hospital. Please telegraph me your wishes.

Very truly your friend,

W.R. Margrave,

White Cloud, Kansas,

VOL. 17

473

December 22nd, 1890.

Percy E. Kable,

Cheyenne & Arapahoe Agency,

Darlington, Ind. Ter.

Dear Percys:-

I have your letter telling of your continued success
and giving news about our boys, also that Mr. Potter is teacher
at the school. I am glad to hear from you, and always glad to
hear accounts of our students being at work attending to business.
We are to have a very fine time here on Christmas. A beautiful
performance has been arranged in which about eighty students take
part. We have had to double the size of the stage in the chapel
because everybody is full of expectation. Our students
are then working at great quantities of evergreens to trim the
different places about the school, and altogether we expect a
bigger Christmas than ever.

Richard Davis, his wife and two children paid us
quite a visit two weeks ago. We were all glad to see them looking
so well. Richard is doing splendidly, has the respect and con-
fidence of the people of West Grove, and I take great pride in his
success.

I am glad to know that our students have not taken

VOL. 17

475

December 23rd, 1890.

Thomas W. Potter,

Cheyenne School,
Darlington, Ind. Ter.

My dear Mr. Potter:-

I quite entirely agree with your diagnosis of the situation in regard to training of the young minds here. I feel assured that there can be very great improvements made in our school room work. There is altogether too much giving in to the idea that we are teaching Indians. Just how to get rid of the difficulty has not come to me yet. It is a very natural predicament, a sort of a self-excusing one, so to speak, growing out of that disposition in our natures to find excuses for our own failures. Not that I mean to say that we are failures at Carlisle at all, but we are not up to our opportunities entirely.

VOL. 17

December 23rd, 1890.

BelowCozed,

Annadarko, Ind. Ter.

My dear Below

I have your letter and am glad that you have the
paper and materials and will push a nice lot of pictures for me.
Do your best and it shall be no loss to you.

VOL. 17

484

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 17

(3)

Tuscan School
and Junction, Col.

The Carlisle School wishes you a merry Christmas and
a glorious new year. May your efforts yield abundant returns,
ever a thousand fold.

Kish Hawkins, Cheyenne,
Howard Logan, Winnebago,
Jennie Dubray, Sioux,
Eustace Essapoyet, Comanche,
Yamie Leeds, Pueblo,
Lydia Harrington, Arapahoe,
Julia Jonas, Nez Perce,
Ambrose Guruz, Apache,
and Seven hundred and seventy others.

485

December 29th, 1890,

Hon. T. J. Morgan,

Comnr. of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C.

Dear General:-

I entirely agree with you in reference to the need of having a two larger building than $10,000 will erect, if Carlisle is to raise its numbers to the one thousand. It should have a building for girls sufficient in all respects to accommodate comfortably 300, with room, if pressed, to add one fourth more. The locality that we selected will be the best and with the purchase of the Sanno lot, of which I wrote you some days ago, will be by far the most desirable site. That lot, if properly drained and graded, will make a delightful play ground for them, and having the creek as a wall in rear will be well protected. $25,000 would be none too little. The buildings should be divided so that the small girls may have a section entirely separate and apart from the large girls. They should be, like our small boys, under care of a separate matron. This would vacate the present girls' building for an advanced boys' dormitory, as you proposed in our last talk here. If Carlisle carries a thousand children, while it can place four to five hundred, or even more, out, as I

VOL. 17

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 17

486

T. J. M., 2o

proposed, the school should be prepared here for any emergencies of epidemic, etc., which would drive the out children in. Besides the Sanno lot there are two other pieces of property, as I explained to you, that should belong to the school, that is, the strip in continuation of the Sanno lot, down the creek and taking in the woods below the mill, and extending beyond the woods alongside of our farm. There are about 12 acres of farm land in it, which, with the woods pasture and the bottom land along the creek just west of the school, make about 40 acres. I have rented it for years at $400. a year, paying out of my charity funds. It is naturally part of the school property and enables us to dump our drainage, as I explained to you, on land within our own control. If the school did not rent it it would be subject to harassment on that account. Then, there is the Alexander strip, which adjoins the school property on the east just back of my house.

These three, the Sanno, the Henderson and the Alexander properties would round out the school property in good shape, give the accommodations which the school certainly needs and enable it to expand indefinitely.

I am coming down Wednesday evening with Mrs. Pratt and her sister to stay until Saturday and will see you.

Mrs. Pratt joins with me in wishing you and Mrs. Morgan the compliment of the season.

487

December 29th, 1890,

Chas. Aubrey,

Blackfeet Agency, Mo.

My dear Sir:-

I submitted your letter to the teacher of your
daughters and to the matron in charge asking each of them to write
something to be enclosed in a letter to you. What they have
written is herewith.

Alice has just gone into the hospital with a little
fever, arising, as the doctor thinks, from cold, and a little
care will place her out again. There seems to be no immediate
emergency in her case and I have no doubt that she will be all
right to return with Mr. Kennerly in January or February, if he
comes in, as I understand he means to, with a party. I will so
arrange it. In the meantime, you need not be disturbed on account
of her not having good warm clothing, nor feel that she is not well
cared for. I think our children throughout are as comfortable
as any children need be. We have an abundance of everything.
It would take less than $40. for her fare, but as she had better
have sleeping car accommodations and better food en route, perhaps
you had better send as much as $50. which would be ample instead of
the $75. that you propose.

Sincerely your friend,

VOL. 17

488

December 29th, 1890,

Napoleon Laravie,

Niobrara, Neb.

Dear Sir:-

Your brothers are both in the country farming,
doing well in good health. Just now one of them is attending
school, and the other is working at regular farm wages. I have
advised them of your desire to hear from them.

December 29th, 1890,

Robert A. McFadden, Esq.,

1321 Green Street,

Harrisburg, Penna.

Dear Sir:-

Replying to yours received to-day. Capt. Pratt
will be here until Wednesday next, 31st inst., noon, after which
he purposes leaving for Washington where he will remain until
Saturday.

VOL. 17

489

December 31st, 1890,

My dear Doctor:-

Six weeks ago I wrote to the Commissioner when he
was in the West, and this trouble was beginning, that there was
not an agency in the service that could not be managed by discreet
agents entirely and successfully with the help of the Indian
police, and without the intervention of soldiers. I have re-
peatedly spoken of you, urged your appointment as Inspector and
suggested the possibility that you would accept the appointment
as agent at Pine Ridge, to the appointing power, but I have had no
influence, neither have others who knew something of the needs of
the service and had real interest in the welfare of the Indians.
The matter has gone entirely over to the local politicians. The
Gladstonian Home Rule cry has availed much. I have repeatedly
stated since this trouble began that you could handle all the
affairs at Pine Ridge without a soldier. In my judgment, there
has been no time, even since the troops were on the ground, when,
if you had been placed in charge at Pine Ridge, the whole Army
forces could not have been safely removed, and every turbulent
element controlled by you with the Police force at the agency.

This morning we have some of the details of what

VOL. 17

491

December 31st, 1890.

A. M. Wood,

#147 School Lane,
Germantown, Pa.

My dear Arthur:-

I am greatly pleased with your slides. As I look
through them with the eye, I feel assured they will come out on
canvas in good shape. Your price is satisfactory. I should like
to have a full set of those that you MAXX think good enough among
the photographs you took when here. The little group also
pleases me in its arrangement, except that it is wider than I
would like. If we can, let us remedy that. On the two upper
pictures, why can't a little something be taken off from the fore-
ground, and from the two lower pictures, why can't something be
taken from the sky? Then, I would suggest that if Navajo Tom
as he arrived at the school were placed at the left, and as he
left the school, at the right of the picture, quite reduced in size,
filling that little corner, making the picture somewhat longer,
it would be a good addition. I say this to you more suggestively.
It is a very happy combination, and if you can better it by these
changes please do so; then I would like to have it well engraved.
The little centre picture is beautiful.

K.H. Pient

VOL. 17

492

December 31st, 1890.

My dear Doctor:-

On Saturday night I gave half of your collection to the school and on Monday the other half, and shipped them back to you by prepaid express yesterday. Express receipt herewith.

I ran the whole set through so that the children might have, at least, a sight of so much that we saw when we were in Japan. Of course, I could not spend much time in talking about them. It was a great treat, and I am personally, and we are all, greatly indebted to you for your kindness in sending up the slides. It was suggested that a committee of the students be appointed to express their appreciation of your kindness. Two of the young me and two of the young women were on this committee, and their letter, entirely their own production, is herewith.

I went over the boxes carefully and found some of the slides missing. In Box #4, #199 was missing; in box #5, #220 was missing; in box #6, 274 were found, except #273, which was missing, and in this box I found #296 and #299. I have returned them as received, and hope they will be received by you in as good order as they came. With best wishes of the season in which Mrs Pratt joins with me,

I am,
Respectfully & Truly yours,

Dr. Edward H. Williams,
Philadelphia, Pa.

VOL. 17

494

January 1st, 1891.

To the

Sir:-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge
of this School under the provisions of the Act of Congress,
approved June 27th, - per S. O. No. 194, Headquarters of the Army
4th G. O., August 23rd, and letter of instruction from the Hon.
Secretary of the Interior, dated September 6th, - all 1879.

Very respectfully,

Your obt. servt.,

Capt. 10th Cav'y.,

VOL. 17

496

OVERLAPPING TEXT

January 5th, 1891.

William F. Campbell,

Law School,

Minneapolis, Minn.

Dear William-

I have your letter in relation to William Parker, and have written him favorably. I have just received from Prof. Pattee the contract and forwarded it to Washington, together with Prof. Pattee's full letter of explanation. I trust that matter will be all right.

The Indian situation in the North-west is of such a nature as to make us all quite blue. I trust the Lord will bring it out all right somehow.

VOL. 17

497

January 5th, 1891.

William Parker,

Care, Salem Fairbanks,

White Earth, Minn.

My dear Sir:-

William Campbell writes me of your desire to come to Carlisle and states that you are willing to come at your own expense. Under these circumstances, you can come at once, or, if you prefer, you can wait and come in Mr. Johnstones party. In either case you must have something recommendatory from your agent to me, which shall be my voucher for receiving you.

Yours sincerely,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 17

498

January 5th, 1891.

Dr. Susan La Flesche,

Omaha Agency, Nebraska.

My dear Friend:-

Mosquite writes Louis Levering asking his help to
rect a house. The letter is written by Mathew Tyndal who writes
Louis to comply with his father's request. Louis writes me his
desire to do so and that he states he wants a check for $40.00.
I therefore enclose my check for $40.00, in favor of Mosquite.

inquiry you will find it is all right that you deliver it.

Should your judgment not favor this transaction please return
check to me with your views.

VOL. 17

499

January 5th, 1891.

A. M. Wood,

#147 School Lane,

Germantown, Pa.

Dear Arthur:-

Suppose you make a few negatives of the photographs
you took down, as you say, and send two or three that I may look
at them, and I should like to have some good lantern slides from
quite a number of our pictures, but would rather prefer to desig-
nate the pictures myself. Probably you have those that I would
select. Suppose you name over what you have?

VOL. 17

January 5th, 1891.

Chief Spotted Horse,

Fort Supply, Ind. Ter.

My dear Friends:-

The one good reason why it is not best to send your
daughter home now is the disturbed condition of the Indians every-
where; that in itself would be sufficient, but there is in addi-
tion to that the necessity of giving Ladente a good education. I
have written you before about this. It takes time and it will not
do to shift her school. She is doing better here at Carlisle
than she could do at the Agency School, as you propose. She is
well and doing well in every way, and it is your duty to her, and
my duty to her too, to continue her just where she is. I know
you will think me a little hard-hearted about it, but when you
look over the ground and see the number of children gone back with
just a little education, who if they remained at Carlisle
received a good education would have done so much better, I think
you will agree with me. I only desire your and her good,
want to see Indians get above the low plane on which they have been
for so many years, and this cannot be done without a good education
Leave Ladente to me a little longer and I will return her to you

S. H. 2o.

a woman of sufficient education to rank with some of the better
men of our own race.

Sincerely, your friend,

500

OVERLAPPING TEXT

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMIT
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 17

502

January 5th, 1891.

Dr. Edward H. Williams,

Baldwin Locomotive Works,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Sir:-

The students have indicated a very strong desire to accept your proposition to loan us the other slides of views from India and elsewhere. I shall be glad to have you send them any time and we will return them promptly.

Thanking you for your great interest,

VOL. 17

503

January 6th, 1891.

Rev. Sheldon Jackson, D. D.,

Genl. Agt. Education for Alaska,
Bureau of Education,
Washington, D. C.

My dear Doctor:-

I have had Henry Phillips for nearly a year in a
Machine shop in the town of Carlisle, where he has made most
wonderful progress in his knowledge of machinery. He is bound
up in it, far more interested in it than he was in the Printing
rooms. There is very little about an engine that he cannot now
Do. Moreover, he has become a very strong, sensible boy.
His power has developed wonderfully and he is, I believe, a
Christian, and leads the students in that feature of our
school work. Now, I have not talked with him on the subject of
letter. The opportunity for him to go into this work came
through his Sunday School teacher who is the head of one of our
firms in the town of Carlisle. It came naturally and its worth
has been fully established. I believe that Henry may go back to
Alaska, able to go into any of their great Mining machinery de-
partments, or he may find profitable employment in the country at
large.

VOL. 17

504

Rev. Dr. J., 2.

Don't you think you had better run up and see us?
We have two other Alaskans from the Moravian Mission, several
hundred miles west of Sitka, brought in by Mrs. Bishop Baum, ch
nice boys.

About the trip to the North pole, I cannot say.
The present aspect of affairs in Indian matters may lead to my
taking a trip up Salt River, and, of course, I should need a
pilot. Whether I should want to go as far as your ability to
guide indicates is a question. I should surely love to go to
Alaska.

Yes, send us a span of reindeers. We only lacked
them this Christmas to make our Christmas affair complete. We
had a grand Santa Claus entertainment.

With most cordial greetings to Mrs. Jackson, your
family and yourself, in which Mrs. Pratt joins.

Yours faithfully,

VOL. 17