TRANSLATION - jw

Saturday, September 27, 2003

Dear Dr. Kissinger,

Surely you have already heard of the death of your mentor, Dr. Fritz Kraemer, on September 8th, who will be buried October 8th in Arlington.

I send with best regards the obituary I've written and his reflections "On Elitism," clear and brilliant as ever. Below you will also find one of the last photos, taken this past year at the induction of Inspector General Joe Schmitz (a good friend of mine). We invited "Old Fritz" to the Pentagon, which obviously delighted him and reminded him of old times.

Dr. Kraemer spoke of you often. Never badly, like a prodigal son, fair but stern, sometimes too stern. A reconciliation was - although often encouraged - not at all possible.

I was deeply affected as well by the fact that you once called him, and he imposed the sentence: "Henry, how dare you call me!"

A main reason for his stubborn behavior can be found in the obituary. In a nutshell, since he considered you one of the most gifted, he demanded more of you - certainly too much -than he did of other less blessed. This is also evident in his analysis "On Elitism." To that extent, the stubborn and stern rejection was at heart an expression of admiration and love that almost automatically turned into the contrary when you didn't follow your master in the absolute and spartan world of his. (The subject of Schlesinger was never mentioned and was not important.)

For two years I have been writing Fritz Kraemer's "Aphorisms on Foreign and Security Policy," which have just been published.

With World Security Network, which I have founded and solely financed as a nonprofit news service, I would like to make a small contribution to discussion, also in the spirit of Fritz Kraemer. Currently it goes to 25,000 people in the information elite (journalists, delegates, YPO, Harvard, Atlantik-Brücke) worldwide.

My deepest sympathy and condolences on the death of your mentor, who meant so much to you.

Attachment 1 - 9/19/03 obituary written by Hoffmann

Attachment 2 - Kraemer's "On Elitism: Look for Men & Women of Excellence!"

Jody Williams - FW: Dr. Fritz Kraemer on Elitism: Look for Men and Women of Excellence !

Page 1

From: "Amanda Henry" <ahenry@kmaglobal.com>
To: "Jody Williams" <JWilliam@csis.org>
Date: 9/29/03 10:06AM
Subject: FW: Dr. Fritz Kraemer on Elitism: Look for Men and Women of Excellence!

Happy Monday to you!

This came in over the weekend ...

-----Original Message-----

From: Dr. Hubertus Hoffmann [mailto:hubertushoffmann@gmx.de]
Sent: Saturday, September 27, 2003 11:32 AM
To: ahenry@kmaglobal.com
Subject: Dr. Fritz Kraemer on Elitism: Look for Men and Women of Excellence!

Sehr geehrter Dr. Kissinger,

sicherlich haben Sie bereits vom Tod Ihres Mentors Dr. Fritz Kraemer am
8. September gehört, der am

8. Oktober in Arlington begraben wird.

Meinen Nachruf und seine wie immer klaren und brillianten Überlegungen
"On Elitism" sende ich Ihnen

mit den besten Grüßen. Unten finden Sie auch eines der letzten Bilder,
daß ich im vergangenen Jahr

bei der Amtseinführung des Inspektor Generals Joe Schmitz ( ein guter
Freund von mir) aufgenommen

hatte. Wir haben damals "Old Fritz" ins Pentagon eingeladen, was ihn
sichtlich freute und an alte

Zeiten erinnerte.

Oft hat Dr. Kraemer über Sie gesprochen. Nie schlecht, wie über einen
verlorenen Sohn, fair aber

hart, manchmal zu hart. Eine Aussöhnung war – obwohl oft angeregt –
überhaupt nicht möglich.

Es hat mich auch sehr berührt, daß Sie ihn einmal anrufen und er mit
dem Satz auflegte: "Henry,

Page 2

how dare you call me !".

Einen Hauptgrund für seine sture Haltung finden Sie im Nachruf. Im Kern verlangte er gerade von

Ihnen, da er Sie für einen der Begabtesten hielt, mehr - sicherlich zu viel - als von anderen weniger

Begnadeten. Das schimmert auch in seinen Analyse "On Elitism" durch. Insofern war die sture

und harte Ablehnung im Innersten Ausdruck von Bewunderung und Liebe, die fast zwangsläufig

in das Gegenteil umschlug, als Sie Ihrem Meister nicht in dessen absolute und spartanische Welt

folgten. (Das Thema Schlesinger wurde nie erwähnt und war nicht wichtig).

Seit zwei Jahren schreibe ich Fritz Kraemers "Aphorismen zur Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik",

die erst jetzt erscheinen können.

Mit dem von mir gegründeten und allein als non-profit news service finanzierten

www.worldsecuritynetwork.com <http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/> möchte ich - auch im Geiste von Fritz Kraemer- einen

kleinen Diskussionsbeitrag leisten. Er geht derzeit an 25.000 Empfänger in der Info-

Elite (Journalisten, Abgeordnete, YPO, Harvard, Atlantik-Brücke usa) in der ganzen Welt.

Ihnen, sehr geehrter Herr Dr. Kissinger, mein herzliches Beileid und Mitgefühl zum Tod

Ihres Mentors, der Ihnen so viel bedeutet hat.

Mit besten Grüßen

WorldSecurityNetwork.com - Good bye, Col. Dr. Fritz Kraemer!

Page 1 of 3

# Good bye, Col. Dr. Fritz Kraemer !

written by: Hubertus Hoffmann, 18-Sep-03.

At the age of 95, one of the last Prussians passed away on September 8 in Washington DC: Fritz Kraemer, retired colonel and geo-strategic advisor to the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army for over 30 years, an influential advisor to a number of different Secretaries of Defense, German emigré with two PhDs and one monocle, a freedom fighter, combating "provocative weakness" and fighting for "peace through strength". The Pentagon's "éminence grise" is to be put to rest with Full Military Honors at the Arlington National Cemetery on October 8.

Throughout his long life, Fritz Kraemer acted as a dedicated "talent scout" and it was in this missionary-like role that he "discovered" and encouraged young people – like myself since 1979 – and held them in his thrall during numerous night-time meetings. His sonorous voice would resound as he preached his creeds to us, often swinging his stick (with a built-in rapier) wildly in the air:

Worldsecuritynetwork.com Founder Dr. Hubertus Hoffmann: "Thank you, Dr. Fritz Kraemer!"

* You must believe in and fight for the "absolute values"! It is important to follow a code of honor.

* Show physical courage, take risks!

* Temperament, enthusiasm, reliability and imagination are important factors for the personality, for success and for the cause. The value of the IQ, on the other hand, is overestimated.

* There is less danger of people causing harm to themselves and others through arrogance and pride than through a lack of pride and a sense of inferiority.

* It is important to state your opinion as you see it and stand up for it, rather than saying what you think your superior would like to hear.

* Don't allow "brilliant fools" to seduce you and lead you astray!

* Character counts, not position and title.

* Don't ever ask "What's in it for me?" Instead, ask "What is good for my country?"

* The crucial faults of countless modern politicians are their latent superficiality, their incurable lack of receptivity to the transcendental and the metaphysical, their lack of inner cultivation and their bad taste in employees.

* One of the major problems of our time is provincialism in foreign policy (which Fritz Kraemer aptly termed the "include me out" mentality).

* In our modern, egalitarian democracies, you always need a small, determined minority, an elite, to put ideals into practice. Democracies don't want high-flyers, but regular people, who are just the same as anyone else.

http://www.internationalsecuritymedianetwork.com/printArticle.cfm?article_id=8645

10/1/2003

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* If you meet someone who truly excels – a rare event – then encourage them, foster them and give them lasting support in every way!

* The willingness to assume responsibility is an intrinsic criterion of any true elite. It is not about rewards or privileges, but about being willing to take on greater burdens and serious responsibility, in contrast to the average citizen, according to the old saying "noblesse oblige".

* Loneliness is the price of excellence.

* Read Shakespeare! This is the only way to think up new and more creative ideas than the 50,000 people in front of you.

* Intellectuals have always preached that everything is relative and there are no absolute values. According to them, a brilliant person can analyze and understand every problem. This relativism has caused complete confusion, uncertainty and disorientation. The result is a spiritual emptiness; everything is possible, and yet nothing is.

* Only semi-brilliant people can afford to be impressed with their own brilliance. Truly brilliant people know that brilliance is worthless.

* The worst thing about a loss of faith is not the fact that someone has stopped believing but that they are ready to believe anything.

* There can be no diplomacy without the threat of power behind it. Nothing works without power.

* If you look at it objectively, plain violence and raw power are necessary to check wild, untamed fanatics.

* The lesson we must learn from the Second World War is: War is started by "provocative weakness", the lack of a credible deterrent and a balance of power.

After many hours of listening to our mentor, Fritz Kraemer – sometimes until 4 am in the morning – we felt as though an almost metaphysical power was flowing through our veins.

He left a very deep personal impression, forming the minds of his followers, through the strict look in his piercing eyes, his precise choice of words, the force of his dark, intense voice, the clarity of his thoughts, his incorruptibility, the modesty of his almost monk-like way of life, his universal knowledge accumulated from around the world in 95 years of first-hand experience.

But he will also be remembered for the encouragement he gave us young men, our characters still unformed, and for his endearing, courteous manner.

Fritz Kraemer gave power and inner stability and gave others the courage to follow his ideals.

When he was 17, Henry Kissinger was thoroughly enthralled by Dr. Fritz Kraemer, who took him with him into the 84th U.S. Infantry Division and made a strong impression on his mind. When Henry Kissinger was made U.S. Secretary of State under President Ford, their friendship was broken off. Why? In Kraemer's view: Kissinger's policy was "always flexible and open", whereas his true convictions were "always absolute"; he always strived for recognition and popularity; this prevented Henry Kissinger from standing for a policy that was in accordance with his conscience.

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Page 3 of 3

Alexander Haig also has this geo-strategist at the Potomac to thank for his political career up to Secretary of State. When Kissinger was looking for a military assistant, his mentor put down his name as the only candidate on the list for this post, sent it to the Secretary of Defense and wrote a very heart-felt letter of recommendation to Kissinger. Kraemer had noted the brilliance of the late Major Alexander Haig years before in the Pentagon.

When I spoke to him of the Worldsecuritynetwork.com project again some months ago, he encouraged me to further extend this non-profit newsletter on security and foreign policy for the international information elite.

Worldsecuritynetwork is imbued with some of Col. Fritz Kraemer's spirit – and of this we are proud. In his honor, we publish today – for the first time – Kraemer's ideas "On Elitism".

Thank you, Dr. Kraemer!

Good bye, Col. Fritz Kraemer!

10/1/2003

WorldSecurityNetwork.com - On Elitism: Look for Men and Women of Excellence !

Page 1 of 5

# On Elitism: Look for Men and Women of Excellence !

written by: Fritz Kraemer, 17-Sep-03.

## - Fritz Kraemer calls for a mission to bear heavier burdens and make greater sacrifices for the cause -

I am calling for an elite on which we can draw, even in a democratic society, to fill important positions not only in government, but also in business, education, and many other fields. Changing my terminology, but not my meaning, I might simply say that, however democratic we might happen to be, we should always at least look for men and women of excellence when choosing people for key functions in the political, economic, academic, or even religious spheres.

While in our modern age - in the U.S. as well as in Europe - the word elite is suspect, everybody is calling for "excellence." But only lip service is being paid to this lofty concept. "Excellence" in Latin means to stand out, but we do not really look for genuinely outstanding people who are "taller" than the average. There is, on the contrary, a desire for sameness, for comfortable mediocrity, for conformity, which is inherently intolerant of any kind of superiority. This alone is a great obstacle to the selection of the non-mediocre.

Something else, however, is - in practice - even more important: those who have to pick others and who, by chance, are sincerely trying to find the best, the most "excellent," do not know any longer what criteria to apply in their search. In an age of facts and figures - in which, moreover, ethical values are no longer considered absolute but merely relative - men find it difficult to base their judgment regarding candidates for office, or for jobs, on intangible, non-quantifiable personality traits such as strength of character, fortitude, conscientiousness.

Typically Kraemer: Encouraging the Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld, swinging a stick with his sonorous voice: "No provocative weakness, please!" at the reception for the new appointed Inspector General Joe Schmitz in the Pentagon again in 2002.

Not in theory, perhaps, but certainly in practice, modern society looks at labels and paper credentials rather than at substance. In the Civil Service, for example, it has become a custom to admit only Ph.D.s to the more important positions, although individuals who never had the time or money to acquire such a degree may actually be infinitely better qualified. Due to the vicissitudes of my life, I obtained two doctorates, and this "academic record" has unduly facilitated my government career. In reality, of course, they do not show at all who I am and who I am not; they are not even a sign of intellectual prowess, because they might well have been bestowed by a mediocre faculty on an equally mediocre student. A double Ph.D. may mean little more, in fact, than a nicely patented nobody.

We also accept a former Ambassador to Bangkok or Moscow as a prestigious authority on Thailand or the Russia, even if his ever repeated anecdotes and stories of "personal experiences" reveal him as irretrievably superficial. And a professor of Political Science from Harvard, Princeton, Yale, etc., will be quoted as a certified expert almost regardless of the true quality of his writings and teachings. Thus, looking for excellence has degenerated into asking for individuals with easily discernible license plates.

http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/printArticle.cfm?article_id=8644

10/1/2003

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In the purely political field, especially in the selection and election of candidates, there is an additional problem for the voting public. The speeches and other utterances of candidates are ghost-written and carefully concocted, *the real personalities are hidden behind a veil of pure imagery; there is little visible spontaneity and much staging*. Reviewing the current Democratic and Republican presidential candidates, for example, I would not dare to say, with any degree of certainty, what and who these men really are and what convictions, if any, they hold in their heart of hearts; although - in contrast to the general public, which cannot remember even the recent past.

*We are facing a very real growing danger that the American people will get so bored, or apathetic, or cynical and disgusted with the artificiality and hollowness of "politics" that they will simply refuse to participate!* In our 1992 national election only 37.3% of the eligible voters actually took the trouble of going to the polls, which means that almost 2/3 of the electorate did not find it worth their while to cast a ballot. If the normal, "legitimate" but dehydrated, politicians can no longer move or attract people, they are leaving a void, an ever more yawning gap which will be filled, inevitably, by demagogues speaking fiery words with shining eyes; and the masses - feeling empty, unled and disoriented - will turn to the false prophets with their seemingly inspired and therefore rather inspiring messages.

My fear regarding the inner corrosion of the very "successful" politician (President, Senator, Representative, Governor, etc.) is not, by the way, that during a long career of compromising and sailing with the wind he will lose his aggressiveness, cleverness or even the capability to command, but that - to quote a formula I have used for many year now - he will leave part of his soul on every rung of the ladder leading him to the top. The harsh school of the upward struggle may, in fact, have made him a master tactician but the *Holy Fire*, the *inner passion*, the *vision has gone, had to go*, in a world of make-believe and ghost writers, of continuous accommodation to public opinion polls, of dependence on such non-events as "caucuses" in Iowa in which only a tiny fraction of the voters take part anyway. It seems revealing to me that the word "emotional" has assumed a pejorative meaning, as if deep convictions could actually be held in some nicely abstract, coolly detached fashion, "untainted" by very strong feelings of the individual holding such convictions.

My ultimate reason, however, for postulating the necessity of an elite is the observation that in control *everyday reality the ideal of an egalitarian society has quite simply led to a loss of quality*. Since, for example, virtually everyone now is going to high school, the demands made on *high school* students had to be lowered, inevitably, to such an extent that the business world as well as colleges complain bitterly about the number of high school graduates needing remedial courses in reading and orthography, to say nothing of history and geography. And since *college education* has become a mass enterprise, very many can obtain an academic degree today who formerly would have had to be satisfied with a high school certificate. I do admit that the "classical" high school curriculum of my youth - nine years of Latin (every day of the six-day week) and six years of Greek (every day of the six-day week), plus one modern foreign language in addition to mathematics, physics, chemistry, geography and history - is no longer feasible, although it did accustom me and my classmates to become acquainted, very early in life, with subjects (Greek, Latin) of no visible "practical" value which, however, broadened my vision greatly and opened windows to distant landscapes.

Yet, even today, one could certainly demand that a high school student taking Spanish or French as his one foreign language *has* to learn the grammar of that language, instead of acquiring merely a basic and primitive vocabulary. One could likewise demand of a college graduate in Political Science a knowledge of world history in general outlines and an awareness of internal developments of a few key countries in some depth, and such a graduate should also be expected to have a very precise idea of where on the map Indonesia, Nigeria, Honduras, or Bolivia are located. As regards professional diplomats, would it be unjust to ask that henceforth they must be well grounded in international law and demonstrate familiarity with global political and economic trends? One might even insist that a professor of Comparative Government be well acquainted with the actual constitutions of perhaps a dozen important nations and that a priest or

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pastor have some knowledge of Hebrew and Greek enabling him to look, an occasion, at the original text of the Bible. In other words, one could, without becoming undemocratic, raise the level of requirements for students as well as for teachers and professors, etc., and thus eliminate the very large and clogging numbers of those who are "making it" through the educational system only because that system is geared to mass production rather than to the development of any personal excellence, to some specialties rather than to the acquisition of a broader understanding of even their own general field of endeavor.

Personally, I do not consider a formal education a necessary pre-condition for genuine achievement. Eric Hoffer, a bona fide dockyard worker until his 65th year who never went to college, had a far deeper grasp of historico-political reality than most learned professors. His book, "The True Believer," shows an extraordinary breadth of knowledge and a depth of insight into history, past and current, which I for one can only admire and envy. Hoffer's dictum: "Where the yearning for freedom destroys order, the yearning for order will destroy freedom," is a splendid, pithy formulation of a basic truth that very few of the learned ones could have produced. If I suggest a more demanding educational system aiming at "excellence" rather than mass delivery of graduates to society, it is only because I am aware of the fact that our society simply will not talentscout for the untutored genius who cannot present some paper credentials, some formal card of admission. All I can realistically propose, therefore, is to make that plastic card more substantial and more intrinsically meaningful.

(I have fewer misgivings concerning our excellence in the natural, i.e., exact sciences [mathematics, atomic physics, electronics, etc.] than in the field of political and social "sciences" which are by no means exact and where superficiality, lack of knowledge, even fakery cannot so easily be found out and shown up. A political columnist, a political candidate or office-holder, a professor of political science may have a long record of wrong predictions and of faulty analyses and of eloquent but ill informed views, especially an foreign affairs, and he may very well survive as a respected oracle. An engineer on the other hand, whose design for a bridge is faulty, a mathematician or physicist whose equations do not equate will soon lose prestige and professional standing.)

That there is an objective contradiction between "excellence" and mass education is either not understood or, for ideological reasons, not admitted. The facts, however, are very clear. I once asked a young professor Kissinger (Political Science): "How many especially gifted students have you discovered this year?" His answer: "There are about 500 students in the class I teach and 120 in the Seminar I conduct; it is impossible to seek out individuals." It is, indeed, an "impossible" situation since one cannot effectively guide, help, assist, encourage whole assemblages of people to achieve superior qualities of mind and character; one has to pay attention to individuals.

**Pay attention to individuals?**

Modern educators, whatever they may loudly proclaim, actually cling to a childlike faith that, with the right method of instruction you can make virtually any "normal" group of students quite proficient in practically any subject. I remember a spirited discussion with faculty members of a renowned institute of higher learning where the professors heatedly bore down on a chance remark of mine that my own "gifts" were strictly limited to the so-called humanities, while from high school days on I had proven strikingly inept in natural sciences. They insisted that

Henry Kissinger (left), the talent, with his scout and mentor Dr. Fritz Kraemer in 1945 as soldiers in the 84th U.S. Infantry Division in Germany again, their Heimat until 1938: "Always Flexible and Open" vs. "Always Absolute".

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"everybody," myself included, could do very well indeed in mathematics, physics, etc., if taught in the proper fashion. This professional belief assumes implicitly that, in the ultimate analysis, people are not too different in their natural giftedness and that it is all lastly a question of presenting a subject to them in a paedagogically "correct" manner. This is absurd. *A young Italian peasant with a splendid natural voice who cannot even read music may be trained at a conservatory and, finally, become a leading opera singer; but ten years or more at that same conservatory will not make a singer of him who did not have such natural (if untrained) voice in the first place. Similarly, you can teach historical facts but you cannot teach a sense of history to those who do not possess a natural inner musicality for history. Nor can you teach psychological understanding of people and peoples to those not endowed with vibrating antennae for intangibles and imponderables that are outside and beyond the facts and figures zone.*

An individual with an innate potential for excellence in foreign or military affairs may be totally ungifted in business. A business genius, on the other hand, may have no inner affinity whatever for the peculiar realities prevailing in international relations and in matters of national Defense. To recognize that talents are very unjustly distributed among human beings (and that the natural aptitudes of individuals differ from person to person) is, perhaps, anti-egalitarian, but it is certainly realistic.

*How can young men and women even strive for excellence* - be it only within the parameters of their own special giftedness - if the huge and soulless education-manufacturing plants make the students feel that all that is expected of them is an effort to obtain credit points, work more or less diligently for an upcoming test and, finally, get some degree (preferably from a big-name institution). In fact, in such an atmosphere an originally independent and highly endowed personality will be discouraged rather than permitted to develop in depth, because profundity and higher ethical aspirations would simply not fit the purpose of that costly education: to achieve visible, practical results.

(I have not yet read a recent book by Allan Bloom, professor of political philosophy at the University of Chicago, "The Closing of the American Mind," subtitle, "How Higher Education has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today's Students," but the "impoverishment of the soul" part does sound quite remarkable coming from a man who has actually observed the system from within for decades.)

It is entirely possible that no preaching on my part, or on the part of anybody else, will change the existing educational situation and that high schools and colleges will continue to be swamped and smothered by having to serve too many.

*Yet, there are two things each of us can do in his own circle of family and friends.*

**FIRST.** We can teach our own children that "success" as such is by no means a hallmark of excellence and that they do not have to prove their worth by collecting high grades and impressive degrees at college or by climbing to prestigious positions later in life. When my son went off to college, I warned him that he might get straight "As" simply by writing papers cleverly reflecting a professor's pet views, while he might get "Cs" (and less) as a result of expressing original and well-conceived but "unpopular" ideas. I assured him that he would never have to bend and bow, and sacrifice his convictions and his soul out of a feeling that his father would expect him to "show something," i.e., a fine-looking paper record, for money spent on the son's education. "If your academic record is far less than splendid, even if you fail," I told him, "you will always be received by your father with pride and approval, provided you can answer 'Yes' to two questions: 'Did you work hard? Did you stand up for your convictions?'" I have reasons to believe that it would be most helpful, especially to the more promising of the younger generation, if their parents (grandparents, uncles, etc.) would let them start out in the world with no doubt whatever that character and self-discipline, rather than showy "report cards," are expected of them.

**SECOND.** We can teach our children that, while everyone has to earn a living, material riches are a rather minor reward to strive for. According to a person's value system and individual nature, political power, inner independence, a life of contemplation, active missionary work for a cause, fulfillment as an artist,

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challenging historic or scientific research may be - even from a most egotistical point of view - infinitely more desirable than an existence earnestly geared to the making of money. We have come to a point today where people who are not innately money-directed feel a kind of moral obligation, nevertheless, to be successful financially, just to show to themselves and to the world that they are no laggards.

*With high income becoming a measuring rod of a person's worth and social prestige, why should anyone voluntarily choose such materialistically unrewarding careers as civil or military service to the nation?*

What normal, prudent father in this day and age would actually advise a son or daughter to dedicate his or her life to a cause rather than to the eminently practical and sensible goal of receiving maximum pay and very tangible remuneration for decades of work? How can we dare to direct those gifted and promising youngsters toward professions and occupations which clearly demand very considerable personal sacrifices for but modest rewards? What answer does one give to the brilliant man or woman who wants to get out of the military or of an important position in government so as to provide (at last!) better for himself and his long suffering family by making "some real money" in business? How, in other words, can one recruit and retain individuals of excellence for public service? The age-old answer to these questions is a rather simple one: Noblesse Oblige. Please do note that I am not recommending this adage for public preaching but that I am referring to it as something we should teach our children within the family. And this is the meaning of the noblesse oblige shorthand message!

*Any average person may, indeed, think primarily of himself and his clan but human beings are differently endowed by God (or by chance) and if you, my son or daughter happen to be particularly well endowed, if you truly belong to the excellent ones, then you do have a special obligation - nay, a mission - to bear heavier burdens and make greater sacrifices for a cause, e.g., good government, than the common herd.*

I recognize, of course, the arrogance involved in such an elitist approach. Yet, it is an arrogance which does not demand privileges and rights for the elite, but imposes on it *abnegation and duties*.

*My quarrel with egalitarianism is not that it denies special privileges to all and sundry, but that it does not admit the existence of special duties for SOME.*

10/1/2003

WorldSecurityNetwork.com: About Us

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Dr. Fritz A. Kraemer

Born in 1908 near the Rhine river in Germany Dr. Fritz Kraemer went to the University of Rome and the London School of Economics in the 30th. He emigrated to the U.S. and joint with two PhDs and one monocle the U.S. Army (84th U.S. Infantry Division). Promoted on the battlefield to Second Lieutenant he returned to his German Heimat in 1945. In the Pentagon Col. Kraemer later became the independent and influencial voice as Geopolitical Advisor to the U.S. Army Chief of Staff and many Secretaries of Defence untill the 70ths. As a gifted "talent scout" he picked not only Henry Kissinger but also Alexander Haig and influenced their thinking. He died on the 8th of September 2003 with 95 years of active service for Freedom in the World in Washington D.C. and will be buried with Full Military Honors in Arlington, Virgina, on the 8th of October 2003.

Articles by Dr. Fritz Kraemer

* On Elitism: Look for Men and Women of Excellence !

© 2003 WorldSecurityNetwork | info@worldsecuritynetwork.com

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Dr. Hubertus Hoffmann

Founder and Publisher

World Security Network

Dr. Hoffmann has worked as advisor in the European Parliament (Office of Prof. Hans-Gert Poettering), the German Bundestag (Parl. State Secretary of Defense Peter Kurt Wuerzbach MP) and the U.S. Senate (Sam Nunn, Gary Hart) in defense affairs for many years. He was Research Fellow at CSIS, Georgetown University. He worked as a journalist in the White House Press Corps, as Editor in ZDF, the largest TV station in Europe, and managing director of large German media companies. Dr. Hoffmann holds a PH.D in Political Science with "summa cum laude" (Prof. Karl Dietrich Bracher, University of Bonn, Germany) and is lawyer as well. Dr. Hoffmann is reserve officer in the German Army (Field Artillery).

Dr. Hoffmann has from 1979 to 1983 supported NATO's Two Track Decision to deploy medium range nuclear weapons in Europe combined with mutual arms reductions (SS-20) on the Russian side which put him on the target list of RAF, the German terrorist organization. He supported the Mudahedin from 1985-1990 against the Russian invasion of Afghanistan, visiting them in the mountains in 1985 and writing the Afghanistan report for the European Parliament. In 1992 he was Chairman of the Eesti Committee Report (asked by its President Tunne Kelam) about the Future of the "Baltic Hanseatic Region" (Oblast Kaliningrad; Lithuania; Latvia, Estonia) which helped to create stable democratic states in the Baltics.

He is now a successful independent investor in many companies, including General Capital Group specialized in MBO/I, and OBOs in Germany.

In 1981 his home town Goslar/Harz awarded him its "Förderpreis" for journalistic merits (Laudatio: General Johannes Steinhoff).

In October 2000 he was awarded the "Federal Cross of Merit" for "innovative business ideas" by German President Johannes Rau in Schloss Bellevue (Berlin). In 2002 Fürst Ferdinand von Bismarck awarded Dr. Hoffmann the "Bismarck Medal with Golden Oak Leaves" in Friedrichsruh.

Dr. Hoffmann is author of two standard books about nuclear weapons ("Atomkrieg-Atomfrieden, Technik, Strategie, Abrüstung" 1980; "Die Atompartner. Washington -Bonn und die Modernisierung der taktischen Kernwaffen", 1986).

Member of YPO (Rhine Chapter) and IISS (London). Young Atlantic Leader 1992 (Atlantik-Brücke).

Articles by Dr. Hubertus Hoffmann

http://www.internationalsecuritymedianetwork.com/_dsp/dsp_authorBio.cfm?authID=12

10/1/2003

Kissinger Office - Hoffmann and Stearns on Iraq in NYT

From: "Academy of Diplomacy" <academy@academyofdiplomacy.org>
To: "Academy" <aadiplmcy@aol.com>
Date: Mon, May 19, 2003 9:12 PM
Subject: Hoffmann and Stearns on Iraq in NYT

MAY 2 0 2003

To the Editor:

"U.S. Overhauls Administration to Govern Iraq" (front page, May 12) reports that the Bush administration seems to have been taken by surprise by the chaos that has engulfed Iraq in the wake of our military action to oust Saddam Hussein. It should not have been.

Qualified observers of international affairs warned of this likelihood well in advance. One of the best qualified was George Kennan.

Interviewed by The New Yorker in October 2002, Mr. Kennan expressed his concern that with the military invasion of Iraq apparently imminent, the administration did not seem to have plans to cope with "the great state of confusion" that would follow hostilities.

Mr. Kennan stated the fear that "any attempt on our part to confront that latent situation by military means alone could easily serve to aggravate it rather than alleviate it."

Mr. Kennan, it seems, was better informed than the administration about how different a good war plan is from a good peace plan.

STANLEY HOFFMANN
MONTEAGLE STEARNS

Cambridge, Mass., May 14, 2003

The writers are, respectively, university professor at Harvard and the former ambassador to Greece and Ivory Coast.

Kissinger Office - Holbrooke on Sergio Vieira de Mello in WP

Page 1

**From:** "Academy of Diplomacy" <academy@academyofdiplomacy.org>
**To:** "Academy" <aadiplmcy@aol.com>
**Date:** Wed, Aug 20, 2003 12:40 PM
**Subject:** Holbrooke on Sergio Vieira de Mello in WP

The Name Atop Everyone's List

By Richard C. Holbrooke

Washington Post

August 20, 2003

The writer, an Academy member, was U.S. ambassador to the United Nations under President Clinton.

Until Sergio Vieira de Mello's death in Baghdad yesterday, almost no Americans had heard of him. Yet for several decades this remarkable United Nations career official had been advancing many of America's long-term policy interests while loyally serving the United Nations.

He saw nothing incompatible in this. In Iraq, he was working for peace and security and self-government -- the key American goals -- and while he appreciated American domestic politics, he could never fully understand why Washington so often undermined the United Nations instead of strengthening it.

Sergio, my friend for more than 20 years, went wherever the danger was greatest. Once there, he always carried out his mission with charisma, charm and courage -- and, I must add somewhat enviously, sartorial perfection, no matter how difficult the terrain.

Sergio's track record was remarkable. Since 1971 he had served in Bangladesh, right after its war for independence, in Sudan, Cyprus (after its war), Mozambique (during its war), Peru, Lebanon, Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda and the Congo, Kosovo and -- finally, or so he believed at the time -- East Timor.

In that distant corner of Southeast Asia, he reached his greatest heights. Sent there in 1999 by the man he called "my brother," U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan, Vieira de Mello took control of a half-island torn by 24 years of war with Indonesia, and in less than three years guided it to full independence as the 21st century's first new nation. On May 20 of last year, we watched as the U.N. flag came down at midnight in the capital, Dili (former president Clinton and I among the official U.S. delegation), and the new national flag rose. Sergio's job was over, and with great relief he prepared to take up a more peaceful post.

We embraced on a dusty field in Dili, and Sergio said, "It's time to go home" -- meaning not his native Brazil but Geneva, where he would become the new High Commissioner for Human Rights and reunite with his family.

But within months, Iraq demanded a strong U.N. presence, and one name was atop every list. Even the Bush administration knew that Vieira de Mello was something special. Uncomplainingly, he set off again at the request of his "brother."

It has been widely reported that he was instrumental in convincing the

American authorities in Baghdad that the Iraqi Governing Council needed to be more than just an advisory group -- a wise and far-reaching decision based in large part on Vieira de Mello's experience in Kosovo and East Timor.

As Americans learn -- too late -- about this great man, I hope they will recognize that he and the others who died or were wounded in Baghdad were part of a vast army of U.N. civilian personnel serving in often hellish conditions around the world. Of course, they are not all as good as Sergio Vieira de Mello. Some are simply time-serving bureaucrats, as is true in most large institutions. But many are very good indeed.

Make no mistake: Yesterday's attack on U.N. headquarters in Baghdad was also an attack on the United States. The target chosen was simply "softer," in the jargon of terrorism experts. Although underrecognized, overcriticized and underfunded by the United States, the United Nations in Iraq -- as in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan -- is serving America's long-term interests, and always with less protection and fewer resources than it deserves.

Kissinger Office - Holbrooke on Iraq and Road Map on CNN

Page 1

**From:** "Academy of Diplomacy" <academy@academyofdiplomacy.org>
**To:** "Academy" <aadiplmcy@aol.com>
**Date:** Fri, Aug 22, 2003 4:44 PM
**Subject:** Holbrooke on Iraq and Road Map on CNN

CNN

SHOW: LIVE FROM... 13:00

August 21, 2003

Transcript # 082108CN.V85

AUG 2 5 2003

HEADLINE: Middle East Road Map in Tatters?

GUEST: Richard Holbrooke

RICHARD HOLBROOKE, FORMER U.S. AMBASSADOR TO UNITED NATIONS: John, I was over at the U.N. for other reasons today, and that is the overwhelming view of every country, that the U.S. is, at this point, putting forward a resolution that changes nothing and simply invites other countries to come in under their command.

There is, however, another way to do this. And if you will allow me to, I'd like to lay out what I think is the solution to this critical issue. The issue here is, how do the U.N. personnel stay in Iraq and get protection? Now, we have to start with the obvious and critical fact. Those people who were attacked in Baghdad two days ago, that was an attack on the United States, as well as the United Nations.

And the U.S. cannot spend a lot of its resources defending the U.N. And the other countries don't want to come in to defend the U.N. under the American command. The solution was outlined today by Kofi Annan in that press conference you just showed a clip of with Colin Powell. He mentioned a multinational force that would be authorized by the U.N.

What I believe he meant, although he was cut off in his answer -- what I believe he meant was that you have a multinational force of people in their national uniforms, not in U.N. blue berets, that is approved by the Security Council, that operates in Iraq in a separate but closely-related capacity to the U.S. forces. If he can do that, he can get many other countries to come in.

And I would urge him and the United States and the French to get together and work out a simple solution, so the U.N. can protect its own personnel without dispersing Americans, and the U.S. can retain overall command on the ground. This can be done if the U.S. and the French will sit down and work out a compromise.

KING: And, Ambassador, as those conversations continue, the debate here in Washington is, send in more troops in the short term. Is it the view of your friends representing the other countries, are more troops needed on the ground? Do they see a security vacuum in Iraq?

HOLBROOKE: John, they don't know. These are diplomats in New York. They know less about what's happening in Iraq than you do.

But they do know the politics of getting a multinational force in. And other nations, India, Germany, France, Bangladesh, Pakistan, are ready to send troops in if it is under a command which is somewhat different from,

Page 2

but closely related to, the U.S. command. You already have this situation, as you well know, in Afghanistan.

So what I would suggest, based on what I've heard today, is that the secretary-general of the U.N., with U.S. approval, call up a country -- I'll tell you which one in a moment -- and ask them to form the core of a force specifically mandated to protect the U.N. And the country I think we ought to call is Norway. The Norwegians are a great member of NATO. The U.S. has close relations with them. Their defense minister, she is a terrifically strong defense minister, has close personal ties to Secretary Rumsfeld.

The Norwegians are also big supporters of the U.N. And they love Kofi Annan, whom they gave the Nobel Peace Prize to. If the Norwegians supplied a battalion and other countries supplied three or four or five more battalions, with the sole mission of protecting the U.N., and then they worked within an overall American umbrella, I think it would satisfy the Pentagon's principle about unity of command, which Barbara has talked about, and it would also allow the other nations to protect the U.N. And the U.N. could go forward with its mark, which is vital to our national interests.

**KING:** OK, Ambassador, quickly, on another issue, the Middle East, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Bush administration says Mahmoud Abbas must prove it, must prove he can dismantle terror groups, take away their bombs and their weapons. Can Prime Minister Abbas do that and survive?

**HOLBROOKE:** I don't know the answer, any more than you or Prime Minister Sharon or President Bush knows it.

But I will say this. It's been my conviction for many years that, as long as Yasser Arafat has even a title of chairman, or whatever his title is, you have a complicity with terrorists. And until Abbas has full power, we're asking him to do things which may be impossible for him to achieve, even if he wants to do them. He doesn't control Hamas. And Arafat has a very bad track record.

However, you put your finger on the key issue. If it can't be done, then the so-called peace process is nothing more than another dead end.

**KING:** Ambassador Richard Holbrooke, we thank you for your thoughts today live from New York. Thank you, sir.

Kissinger. Office - Holbrooke on UN-Iraq in IHT

From: "Academy of Diplomacy" <academy@academyofdiplomacy.org>
To: "Academy" <aadiplmcy@aol.com>
Date: Tue, Aug 26, 2003 1:00 PM
Subject: Holbrooke on UN-Iraq in IHT

Give the UN a self-protection force in Iraq
Richard Holbrooke

International Herald Tribune

August 26, 2003

AUG 2 6 2003

The writer, an Academy member, is the former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and was the top U.S. negotiator in the Balkan peace talks during the Clinton administration. This comment was distributed by Global Viewpoint for Tribune Media Services International.

NEW YORK - The attack that destroyed the UN compound in Baghdad was not just an attack on the United Nations, but on the United States as well. In Iraq, under the brilliant leadership of Sérgio Vieira de Mello, the United Nations was fulfilling an essential part of America's policy objectives - peace, security and economic and political development for Iraq.

Now the United Nations knows it is a target and will be attacked again. The United Nations must be protected in Iraq, and the country's general security situation improved.

U.S. forces, already stretched too thin, are not going to provide security for UN staff. And, in any case, the United Nations doesn't want the image of American troops surrounding its compound and personnel.

The Security Council should therefore pass a resolution authorizing a multinational force - not an ineffective UN blue helmet peacekeeping operation - like the one in East Timor, but with the specific and narrowly focused assignment of protecting UN personnel and installations.

The best country to lead such a force might be Norway - a respected NATO ally of the United States, with long-standing ties to the U.S. military and a defense minister who is a favorite of the Pentagon. Norway is also a fervent supporter of the United Nations and its secretary general, Kofi Annan. A Norwegian battalion could form the core of a UN self-protection force, accompanied by Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani troops.

After the attack in Baghdad, Secretary of State Colin Powell said at the United Nations that the United States would oppose any dilution of the hallowed principle of "unity of command," which is a critical point for the U.S. military. But unity of command has historically been defined in many different ways.

In Afghanistan there are currently two commands - the American command of Operation Enduring Freedom, outside Kabul, and the International Security Assistance Force, or ISAF, inside Kabul. ISAF recently became a NATO responsibility, but that is not how it was originally structured.

There is also a large international force going into Iraq under Polish command, with more than 20 nations participating.

Kissinger, Office - Holbrooke on UN-Iraq in IHT

So there are varied ways to structure unity of command. One way recently suggested by Thomas Pickering, one of America's most distinguished career diplomats, is to "dual hat" the American commander so he has two chains of command - the UN self-protection force and the U.S. coalition force.

The details could be worked out in many different ways. The important thing is this: The United States is going to need to reach an agreement with other nations on the Security Council. Otherwise the situation for UN operations in Iraq will be untenable - and the United States, above all, needs a UN presence in Iraq.

Unfortunately, not only did the United States put forward an unsaleable proposition at the United Nations on Thursday - that American control must not be diluted - but the French reacted in a way that was equally disastrous, personalizing their attack on the United States again.

In this petty and tasteless quarrel between France and the United States, which went on even as the bodies were still being dug out of the rubble in Baghdad, the big loser is the United Nations.

Comments after the Baghdad bombing by the French foreign minister, Dominique de Villepin, only served the interests of the hard-liners in Washington who enjoy nothing more than France-bashing. It remains a mystery to me why Villepin continually weakens Colin Powell, the most internationalist and most pro-UN person in the Bush administration. If France truly cared about the United Nations, it would be able to find common ground with Washington.

This should be a chance for the United States and France and other leading countries to come together to strengthen and save the United Nations. But given what has transpired diplomatically since the attack on the UN in Baghdad, just the opposite is happening.

It is clear that the Bush administration will do everything it can to avoid a significant increase in American troops in Iraq, because of the political implications in an election year and the echoes of Vietnam - everything, that is, except agree to the kind of Security Council resolution that would create better conditions for international involvement in ending the conflict. The best course for the United States, and for Iraq, itself is to dilute the American presence with more international forces.

In that respect, it was a mistake for Washington, in the wake of the tragedy in Baghdad, to table a proposal at the Security Council virtually identical to the one it put forward a few weeks ago. The Bush administration should have taken into account the new circumstances that prevail after the UN attack - and the fact that the UN personnel who died did so while serving American foreign policy objectives.

In the coming week America should return to the United Nations and reach the right kind of agreement - one that leads to a larger international force (with America in overall command), thus giving UN staff the protection they need to continue their vital mission.

NEWS FROM . . .

THE HOMELAND SECURITY COMMITTEE

CHRISTOPHER COX, CHAIRMAN

JIM TURNER, RANKING MEMBER

http://cox.house.gov

U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

FEB 1 2 2003

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:

Contact: Kate Whitman

(202) 225-5611

# Chairman Cox Announces Homeland Security Committee Members

*Top-Level Appointments Underscore Importance of Department's Mission*

WASHINGTON, D.C. (Wednesday, February 12, 2003)—Homeland Security Committee Chairman Christopher Cox (R-CA) and Ranking Member Jim Turner (D-TX) today announced the members of the Homeland Security Committee. The members were appointed by Speaker of the House J. Dennis Hastert (R-IL) and Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) based on their substantive expertise in the many areas such as intelligence, cybersecurity, border and port security, public health, and emergency preparedness that together comprise the mission of the newest Cabinet department.

The Committee will coordinate all House oversight of the Homeland Security Department in the House of Representatives. It will also exercise exclusive legislative jurisdiction over the Homeland Security Act that established the Federal department tasked with protecting the United States from terrorist attack.

"The impressive group of legislators who will comprise this Committee—including the Chairmen of the most significant committees in the Congress—underscores the importance we attach to protecting our citizens and our country," Chairman Cox said. "Every member of the Committee, on both sides of the aisle, will work to ensure that the largest reorganization of the U.S. government in over half a century accomplishes its objective: keeping Americans safe."

## Majority Members of the House Homeland Security Committee:

Rep. C.W. Bill Young (FL)

Rep. Christopher Shays (CT)

Rep. Curt Weldon (PA)

Rep. Dave Camp (MI)

Rep. David Dreier (CA)

Rep. Don Young (AK)

Rep. Duncan Hunter (CA)

Rep. Ernest Istook (OK)

Rep. F. James Sensenbrenner (WI)

Rep. Harold Rogers (KY)

Rep. Jennifer Dunn (WA)

Rep. Jim Gibbons (NV)

Rep. John Linder (GA)

Rep. John Shadegg (AZ)

Rep. John Sweeney (NY)

Rep. Kay Granger (TX)

Rep. Lamar Smith (TX)

Rep. Lincoln Diaz-Balart (FL)

Rep. Mac Thornberry (TX)

Rep. Mark Souder (IN)

Rep. Pete Sessions (TX)

Rep. Peter King (NY)

Rep. Porter Goss (R-FL)

Rep. Robert W. Goodlatte (VA)

Rep. Sherwood Boehlert (NY)

Rep. W.J. Billy Tauzin (LA)

Appointments

Page 1 of 2

the White House
President George W. Bush

Click to Print
this document

For Immediate Release
Office of the Press Secretary

June 11, 2002

Appointments

President Bush to Appoint the Following Individuals to Serve as Members of the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council

President George W. Bush today announced his appointment of the following individuals to serve as Members of the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council.

President Bush created the Homeland Security Advisory Council by Executive Order on March 19, 2002. The purpose of the Council is to provide the President with advice on homeland security matters from experts representing state and local government, the private sector, public policy experts and the non-profit sector.

Joseph J. Grano, Jr., of New Jersey will be designated Chair upon appointment. He is currently the Chairman and CEO of UBS Paine Webber and a veteran of the U.S. Special Forces. He received a Bronze Star for his service in Vietnam, the Ellis Island Medal of Honor and the USO Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Service.

William H. Webster of the District of Columbia will be designated Vice Chair upon appointment. Webster served as the Director of the FBI after serving as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. In 1987, Webster became the Director of the CIA, which he led until 1991. Since then, Webster has practiced law at the Washington, D.C. firm of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley and McCoy.

Richard A. Andrews of California is presently the Vice President for Emergency Planning in the Risk Management Division of ABS Consulting. From 1991 to 1998, he served as the Director of the Governor's Office of Emergency Services for the State of California, and was the President of the National Emergency Management Association from 1995 to 1996.

Kathleen M. Bader of Michigan is a Business Group President with Dow Chemical Company and the Corporate Vice President for Quality and Business Excellence. She joined Dow in 1973 and has held a variety of positions in sales and operations. Bader was named on the 50 Most Powerful Women in International Business by Fortune Magazine in October 2001.

Dr. Jared Cohon of Pennsylvania is the President of Carnegie Mellon University. He is a national authority on environmental and water resource systems analysis. He served as a member of the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board and was named Chairman in 1997. In 1992, he was named the Dean of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale University.

Governor Michael Leavitt is the 14th Governor of the State of Utah. He was first elected in 1992, reelected in 1996 and then became only the second Governor in Utah history to be elected to a third term in 2000. Leavitt is also a past Chairman of the National Governor's Association.

James T. Moore of Florida, is currently the Commissioner of the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. He was first confirmed as Commissioner in 1988, after serving with the Department since 1973. During his tenure, he has served as a Standards and Training Specialist, the Director of the Division of Staff Services and Deputy Commissioner. Moore is also a former member of the Florida National Guard.

James Rodney Schlesinger of Virginia has a long and distinguished record of public service. He has served as Secretary of the Energy, Secretary of Defense, Director of Central Intelligence, and Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission. Schlesinger is currently the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the MITRE Corporation, a Senior Advisor for Lehman Brothers, Counselor and Trustee of the Center for Strategic and International Studies and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Nixon Center.

Mayor Anthony Williams was elected Mayor of the District of Columbia in 1998. Before his election, he was Chief Financial Officer of the District of Columbia, and was previously the Chief Financial Officer of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. His additional past positions include Deputy State Comptroller of Connecticut, Executive Director of the Community Development Agency in St. Louis, Assistant Director of the Boston Redevelopment Authority and Adjunct Professor at Columbia University.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/06/print/20020611-6.html

7/28/2003

Appointments

Page 2 of 2

Dr. Ruth David of Virginia is presently President and Chief Executive Officer of ANSER, Inc., an independent, not-for-profit, public service research institution. From 1995 to 1998, she was Deputy Director for Science and Technology at the CIA and she began her professional career at Sandia National Laboratories. She currently serves on the Defense Science Board, the National Security Agency Scientific Board, the National Research Council Naval Studies Board and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Technical Advisory Board.

Ambassador Paul Bremer, III of Maryland is presently the Chairman and CEO of Marsh Crisis Consulting, and was previously Managing Director of the Kissinger Group. He joined the Kissinger Group after 23 years of service in the U.S. Diplomatic Corps under six Secretaries of State. In 1983, Bremer was named Ambassador to the Netherlands, and 1986, President Reagan appointed him Ambassador-At-Large for Counter Terrorism. In 1999, Speaker Hastert appointed him as Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorism.

Dr. Lydia Waters Thomas of Maryland is President and CEO of Mitretek Systems, Inc., and she was previously Vice President and General Manager responsible for the company's Center for Environment, Resources and Space. Dr. Thomas served two terms on the Environmental Advisory Board to the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Corps of Engineers and was Chairperson of the Chemicals Regulation Sub-Group of the United States Energy Association.

Steven Young of Ohio is an Administrative Lieutenant with the Marion City Police Department, where he has served for 25 years. Young is currently the President of the Grand Lodge of the Fraternal Order of Police, and served as Vice President from 1997 to 2001. His past appointments in Ohio include service on the Governor's Committee on Public Building Safety and Security, the Ohio Supreme Court's Committee on Drug Abuse and the Courts, and the Ohio Attorney General's Advisory Council. David Arthur Bell of New York is Vice Chairman of the Interpublic Group of Companies, the world's largest marketing and communications and services company as well as the CEO and Managing Director of The Partnership, a global marketing communications group. He was Chairman and CEO of TrueNorth Communications until its merger with Interpublic, and he was previously the CEO of Bozell Worldwide. Bell is the current Chairman of the Ad Council.

Sidney Taurel of Indiana is the Chairman, President and CEO of Eli Lilly and Company. He joined the Lilly subsidiary Eli Lilly International Corporation in 1971, and has held various positions Brazil, France, Easter Europe and London. In 1986, he became President of Eli Lilly International Corporation and then Executive Vice President of the Pharmaceutical Division in 1991.

Lee Herbert Hamilton of Indiana is the Director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Prior to being named Director of the Wilson Center, Hamilton served for 34 years as a U.S. Congressman from Indiana's 9th District. While in Congress, he served as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs where he served as the ranking Democrat for ten years and was the Committee Chairman during the 103rd Congress. Hamilton also served as Chairman of the Joint Economic Committee, and as a member of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress and the Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran.

###

Return to this article at:

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/06/20020611-6.html

Click to Print
this document

7/28/2003

HENRY A. KISSINGER

July 30, 2003

Dear Dolores:

I am mourning with the rest of the world the loss of one of our nation's favorite sons. For more than half a century Bob was the ebullient and raffish good guy, who reminded us that humor, patriotism and decency were quintessential elements of the American character. I still watch his old films with the same joy as when I first saw them, and it is difficult to imagine the world without him.

It was one of the great privileges of my life to have known Bob as a friend. Our light-hearted exchanges on our mutual birthdays were a tradition that meant more to me than I can ever express. I know I will never celebrate a birthday without thinking of him, and of you as well.

Every now and then there comes along an extraordinary individual who is so imbedded in our culture that death has no power to diminish him. Bob was such a one. I wanted you to know that you are in my thoughts with sympathy and sorrow, for I know how much you meant to each other. I hope you will find some ease in the knowledge that there is no one more universally loved and revered than Bob and that what he gave to the world will never be forgotten.

Mrs. Bob Hope
10346 Moorpark Street
North Hollywood, CA 91602

TWENTY-SIXTH FLOOR · 350 PARK AVENUE · NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10022 · (212) 759-7919
FACSIMILE (212) 759-0042

washingtonpost.com: Comic's Gentle Humor Tickled Generations

Page 1 of 5

washingtonpost.com

## Comic's Gentle Humor Tickled Generations

By Bart Barnes

Washington Post Staff Writer

Tuesday, July 29, 2003; Page A01

Bob Hope, 100, one of the premier American comedians of his time who delighted television, radio and motion picture audiences for half a century, entertained hundreds of thousands of American service personnel around the world and became a friend and golfing partner of U.S. presidents, died Sunday at his home in Toluca Lake, Calif.

The famously ski-jump-nosed comic was a master of the stand-up, high-speed comedy monologue, the classic one-liner and polished self-deprecation. His humor, often delivered in a deadpan mode, was relentlessly funny but never vicious. It was a huge hit with live audiences, radio and TV audiences and presidents of the United States.

His age, allegedly poor golf scores, famed nose and lack of Oscars were the butt of countless jokes. ("I have this terrific makeup man. But he's expensive. I have to bring him in from Lourdes.")

Though employing armies of writers, he was known for such quips as, "I wonder which one of my pictures they saw," when his act for service personnel was interrupted by enemy fire.

Hope's kidding of presidents was politically timely yet with no malice. A favorite "target" was President Gerald R. Ford, a fellow golfer, of whom he once remarked, "The last time I played golf with President Ford, he hit a birdie ... and an eagle, a moose, an elk, an aardvark. ..."

After Ford's controversial pardon of former president Richard M. Nixon, Hope said: "I bumped into Gerald Ford the other day. I said, 'Pardon me.' He said, 'I don't do that anymore.' "

Of the Watergate scandal in general, Hope maintained that it gave dirty politics a bad name. He added that he thought "Deep Throat" was a movie about a giraffe.

Hope was probably best known in recent years for his television specials, the last of which appeared in 1996. The specials always drew huge ratings, but in earlier years he was equally popular on the radio, and his career in the movies spanned more than 30 years. From 1940 to 1978, he emceed or co-hosted 20 annual awards ceremonies of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

He was the recipient of scores of awards, so many that he eventually bought a warehouse to contain them. Just as the awards illustrated the respect and admiration of his peers, his high television ratings and his success before U.S. troops overseas illustrated his genuine popularity with the public.

His accolades from U.S. presidents included the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award, from Lyndon B. Johnson. Bill Clinton once quipped that one of the greatest things about being president was that he got to hang around with Bob Hope.

Upon learning of the comic's death, President Bush said that "the nation lost a great citizen" and that Hope "made us laugh and lifted our spirits." The president added that "Bob Hope served our nation when he went to battlefields to entertain thousands of troops from different generations."

In a statement, former first lady Nancy Reagan said that "Bob Hope was one of our dearest friends for over 60 years"

http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A59563-2003Jul28?language=printer

7/31/2003

Page 2 of 5

and that "he showed people around the world that American spirit and enthusiasm are unstoppable."

One of Hope's earliest films was 1938's "The Big Broadcast of 1938," in which he sang "Thanks for the Memory." It became his theme song.

He soared to national prominence in 1940 with the release of the motion picture "The Road to Singapore," a zany comedy also starring his longtime friend Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour. That movie was the first in a series of seven unusually popular "Road" pictures, and within a year it helped place Hope among the top 10 moneymakers in show business. It also made him one of the industry's best-drawing popular attractions.

He made 54 movies in all. His last two appearances were in cameo roles in "The Muppet Movie" in 1979 and "Spies Like Us" in 1985.

His greatest success without Crosby may have been "The Paleface," a 1948 picture co-starring Jane Russell in which Hope played the role of "Painless" Peter Potter, an eastern dentist who goes west and, much to his dismay, is mistaken for the gunfighter "Wild Bill" Hickok. He made a 1952 sequel, "Son of Paleface," in which Junior (Hope) arrives in the Wild West from Harvard University to find his father's treasure. That picture also starred Russell, as well as Roy Rogers and his horse, Trigger.

Characteristically, Hope's roles would be those of an audacious smart-aleck who is, at heart, a coward with a tendency to develop weak knees at the first hint of danger. In the "Road" pictures, he was usually ready to double-cross Crosby on the slightest pretext, and he envisioned himself as a man of enormous sex appeal, but, in fact, he had little, if any.

Over the years, Hope continued to command top dollars -- he signed a $2 million contract with NBC Radio in 1952, the most lucrative contract in radio history at the time -- and he managed his money wisely. By the 1970s, he was estimated to be one of the richest men in the entertainment industry with a net worth in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Hope always maintained that such estimates were grossly exaggerated. He once said that if he had as much money as he was reported to have, he would not go to Vietnam. He would send for it.

Although he had been entertaining U.S. servicemen since 1941, Hope stayed clear of partisan politics until the late 1960s, when the nation became engulfed in controversy over the war in Vietnam. At that point, he began to make personal appearances and taped endorsements on behalf of political friends, most of them conservative.

He was a supporter of Nixon's Vietnam policy; an organizer of the massive "Honor America Day" rally in Washington on July 4, 1970; a major speaker at fundraising events for Nixon's reelection campaign in 1972; and, with singer Frank Sinatra, co-chairman of the entertainment program for Nixon's second inaugural festivities in 1973.

The government honored him dozens of times with medals and citations, including a Congressional Gold Medal presented by President John F. Kennedy in 1963 for "outstanding service to the cause of democracy throughout the world." On the occasion of his 80th birthday, a Senate resolution described him as "a part of American folklore," and in May 1985 the national headquarters of the United Service Organization on Indiana Avenue NW in Washington was dedicated as the "Bob Hope USO Building."

In 2000, the Library of Congress unveiled its "Bob Hope Gallery of American Entertainment." Two months ago, the library organized a special celebration when its exhibit "Bob Hope and American Variety" opened.

In 1997 alone, the Navy commissioned the USNS Bob Hope, a 33,000-ton support vessel; the Air Force christened a cargo plane "The Spirit of Bob Hope"; and Congress made him an honorary veteran. This year, Bush established the Bob Hope American Patriot Award for civilians who aid the armed forces and show "extraordinary love of country."

7/31/2003

Page 3 of 5

Leslie Townes Hope was born May 29, 1903, in Eltham, England, the fifth of six sons of a stonemason. His father moved the family to Cleveland when Hope was 4.

As a schoolboy, he had a fine soprano voice, and he was given singing lessons by his mother. But according to legend, his voice once cracked while he sang at a family gathering, and he discovered a certain delight in being able to make people laugh. It was at that point that he decided he wanted to be a comedian.

As a youth, he sold newspapers and worked at a shoe store, a drugstore, his older brother's meat market and as a golf
caddy. In high school, he was a respectable athlete, won prizes for his Charlie Chaplin imitation and learned to tap
dance. After high school, Hope tried his hand at boxing and fought in the Ohio Novice Championships under the
name Packy East. But he was defeated in the semifinal round and gave up boxing soon after. He later maintained that
during his boxing days, he spent more time on canvas than Picasso.

Not long after that, Hope began his career in show business when he learned that several acts were needed to fill out the bill at a theater in Cleveland where Fatty Arbuckle was to appear. With a friend, he worked up a song-and-dance routine, obtained a spot on the billing and later joined a vaudeville tour, playing at theaters in Detroit, New York, Pittsburgh and elsewhere in the Northeast and Midwest.

He got his first real chance at a Broadway musical when he appeared in "Ballyhoo" in 1932, but the next year he was back on the vaudeville tour. Hope first appeared on radio in 1935, and in 1938 NBC gave him his own program, which was sponsored by Pepsodent. The same year, Paramount Studios invited him to Hollywood to appear in "The Big Broadcast of 1938."

Years later, Hope would recall that "it wasn't until I went to Hollywood . . . that I found my personality. I went with the fast one-liners. Then I hired the best talent in the business, the best writers."

He appeared in several other movies before teaming up with Crosby and Lamour in "Road to Singapore" in 1940, but from that point his popularity was assured. "Road to Zanzibar" appeared a year later, and Time magazine called it "some of the most uninhibited daffy nonsense to hit the U.S. screen since the heyday of Harold Lloyd."

The other "Road" pictures were "Road to Morocco" (1942), "Road to Utopia" (1946), "Road to Rio" (1947), "Road to Bali" (1952) and "Road to Hong Kong" (1962), and by the end of the decade the films were grossing as much as $4.5 million, a huge amount for that era. More significantly, they became a major part of the cinematic lore of the 1940s, and they provided a vehicle for a friendly rivalry between Hope and Crosby that would last until Crosby's death three decades later.

The 1940s proved to be the pinnacle of Hope's film career. In addition to the "Road" pictures, he appeared in such films as "My Favorite Blonde," a spy comedy; "My Favorite Brunette," in which Hope and Lamour find themselves in a clinic of homicidal doctors; "Where There's Life," a comedy in which Hope, as the unknowing heir to a European kingdom, is stalked through New York by a band of cutthroats; and "Paleface."

Largely on the strength of that picture, Hope was voted acting's biggest draw for 1949, but "Son of Paleface" was generally considered a disappointment.

Most of Hope's films after the 1940s tended to receive less than rave reviews, and in the ensuing years his motion picture activities became less and less important in his career.

His first TV show, "Star-Spangled Revue," was broadcast on Easter Sunday 1950, and later that year Hope signed a radio and TV contract with NBC. He remained a fixture on television for more than three decades, and by the end of his career that was his primary medium. He was also one of the industry's best-paid performers -- in 1955, he received

7/31/2003

Page 4 of 5

$100,000 for a one-hour special sponsored by General Motors.

During the early days of his association with Crosby, the two invested in oil. "We were very successful," Hope recalled in an interview with The Washington Post. "Then I bought a lot of real estate."

By 1969, Time estimated Hope's net worth at $500 million, a figure Hope insisted was wildly inflated. In a 1982 interview with The Post, he put his net worth at $80 million if he sold all his property. For years, Hope said, he had maintained four homes and paid $1 million in property taxes annually. He also had been a part-owner of the Cleveland Indians baseball team, the Los Angeles Rams football team and sponsor each year of the Bob Hope Desert Classic of Golf in Palm Desert, Calif.

Over the years, he also gave millions to charity. On learning of his death, Cardinal Roger M. Mahony, archbishop of Los Angeles, issued a statement saying that Hope, who in later years received Catholic baptism, had received a Catholic knighthood. He said Hope had a long history of generous contributions to church charities, including "hundreds of thousand of dollars" to Catholic Charities in 1999 for Kosovo relief efforts. Hope also donated a chapel at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington.

He did not limit himself to Catholic charities, explaining, "I do benefits for all religions. I'd hate to blow the hereafter on a technicality."

It was through Hope's interest in golf that he gained an entree into the world of politics, initially as a golfing partner of President Dwight D. Eisenhower during the 1950s. He also golfed with Nixon. When Nixon became the target of protesters of the war in Vietnam, Hope, who had continued his Christmastime visits to U.S. servicemen in Southeast Asia, came to the president's defense.

"I just hated to get involved in politics," he said at the time. "I stayed away from it until this past year, when I figured it had to be pretty important. I got a very negative feeling that the country was getting very little support from the news media. And I felt that they were being unfair."

Hope's sponsorship of the July 4, 1970, "Honor America Day" celebration with the Rev. Billy Graham was probably his most visible expression of support for the Nixon. Between 250,000 and 350,000 people jammed the Washington Monument grounds for an interfaith prayer service in the morning and an evening entertainment program orchestrated by Hope. As police held off a bottle-tossing crowd of protesters, Dinah Shore sang "America the Beautiful," and Jack Benny and Red Skelton entertained.

In that period, Hope also lent his name to several other organizations and committees promoting national unity and support for Nixon's policies in Vietnam.

He never won an Oscar for any of his movies, but he was named a life member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1944, received a special Oscar in 1952 and the academy's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1959. Six years later, he was awarded the academy's first Gold Medal for "unique and distinguished service to our industry and the Academy."

In 1933, he married Dolores Reade, a popular singer, and they adopted four children, Linda Roberta Theresa, Anthony Reade, Honora Avis Mary and William Kelly Francis. At the graduation of his son, Anthony, from Georgetown University in 1962, Hope received an honorary degree. In his commencement address, he said, "My advice to young people going into the world: Don't go."

Asked once how he would like to be remembered, Hope said, "For a few laughs."

7/31/2003

200

Horatio Alger
Award Recipients

Sherian Grace Cadoria

Brigadier General (Retired)
United States Army
President, Cadoria Speaker
& Consultancy Services

Raymond G. Chambers

Amelior Foundation

Thomas G. Cousins

Co-Founder and Chairman
Cousins Properties Incorporated

Michael E. Dougherty

Founder and Chairman
Dougherty Financial Group LLC

J. Barry Griswell

Chairman, President and CEO
The Principal Financial Group

John J. Mack

Co-CEO, Credit Suisse Group
CEO, Credit Suisse First Boston

Harry S. Rinker

Owner
Rinker Company

Ray W. Scott, Jr.

President
Ray Scott Outdoors, Inc.

Ronald C. Waranch

Founder/Owner
Villa Pacific Building Company

Carl H. Westcott

Westcott LLC

Thomas S. Haggai moderating the Members Forum

Thursday, April 3, 2003

## Inaugural Ceremony

Location: U.S. Supreme Court

Time: 6:00 – 8:00 p.m.

Association Member and Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas will present the Award recipients with Horatio Alger medallions in a ceremony in the chambers of the Supreme Court. The ceremony will also introduce and salute the 2003 National Scholarship recipients.

Justice Clarence Thomas hosting the Inaugural Ceremony

## Inaugural Dinner

Location: Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Building

Time: 8:00 – 10:00 p.m.

The theme of the Inaugural Dinner is "1776". During this patriotic celebration Members and guests have an opportunity to mingle and dine in the Grand Hall of the Library of Congress. Following the dinner, participants will be able to view the Library's stately Reading Room.

The Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Building

Friday, April 4, 2003

## Members Forum

Location: U.S. State Department, Loy Henderson Auditorium

Time: 9:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.

The Members Forum at the State Department will afford the 2003 National Scholars an opportunity to address questions to the 2003 Horatio Alger Award winners about their triumphs and their personal strategies for success. Association Member Thomas Haggai will moderate the sessions between the students and new Members.

ting

on

Wayne Gretzky, the first International Horatio Alger Award Recipient

Ed McMahon, the 2003 Norman Vincent Peale Award Recipient

The National Building Museum

## Members Luncheon

Location: U.S. State Department, Diplomatic Reception Rooms
Time: 12:00 – 2:00 p.m.

The Members Luncheon will be held in the State Department's historic Diplomatic Reception Rooms, where National Scholars and Members will be able to talk while enjoying a mid-day repast. During the luncheon, Wayne Gretzky will be awarded the first International Horatio Alger Award and Ed McMahon will be presented with the 2003 Norman Vincent Peale Award in recognition for the many ways he has supported the activities of the Horatio Alger Association

## Awards Dinner and Induction Ceremony

Location: National Building Museum
Time: 6:00 – 10:00 p.m.

The 56th Annual Horatio Alger Awards Dinner and Induction Ceremony will be held in the atrium of the National Building Museum. During the ceremony, the new Members will receive the Horatio Alger Award and be formally inducted into the Association. The National Scholars and other participants will learn more about the new Members from their remarks and video biographies. Association Member Kenny Rogers will share his musical talents during the event and Ed McMahon will serve as executive producer and emcee of the event.

## Chairman's Reception

Location: Ritz-Carlton Hotel-Washington, D.C.
Time: 10:15 p.m. – Until

All Members and guests are welcomed to attend the Chairman's Reception at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel following the Awards Dinner and Ceremony. Beverly Grundhofer will perform during the reception.

Beverly Grundhofer, vocalist during the Chairman's Reception.

Please Hotel 99

or

The 501(c)(3) For tax contribution, $175; ($98,000 level of support, $3,000 level of service, and a full Taxidermy license).

Hotel Carlton Ritz-Carlton

Ph: 202

## Saturday, April 5, 2003

### Breakfast Saluting the National Scholars

Location: The Ritz-Carlton Ballroom
Time: 8:30 – 10:15 a.m.

The Breakfast, which will be held in the ballroom of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, caps off the Awards events by celebrating the accomplishments of the National Scholars. Association Member Delores Kesler will direct questions from the audience to a panel of National Scholars. Throughout the conference, Members and Lifetime Partners hope to inspire the students to strive for their highest potential and to reach for their dreams.

Delores Kesler, moderator of National Scholars panel during Breakfast.

2002 Class of National Scholarship Winners

OF HST

HENRY A. KISSINGER

May 30, 2003

Dear Stig and Jeanne:

Nancy and I are thrilled with the idea of planting a white oak to mark my 80th birthday. I will have to confer with Nancy about when and where to have it planted at our place in Kent and will be in touch with Twombly Nursery when we have picked the spot. Our four grandchildren will enjoy knowing in years to come that, like John Adams, their grandfather has a stately oak associated with his name.

I cannot thank you enough for such a thoughtful and generous birthday gift, nor for your very gracious words.

Mr. and Mrs. Stig Host
103 Oneida Drive
Greenwich, CT 06830

KRITI Management, Inc.

MAY 2 3 2003

KRITI

The Corinthian
345 East 37th Street
Suite 312, 3rd Floor
New York, New York 10016
212-599-3530
Telex 6819300 KMI UW
Fax 212-599-5779

Stig Host-Chairman
Kriti Exploration, Inc.
Kriti Properties and
Development Corp.

Please see that
On Kissinger gets
this to his birthday.

Thank you for

Stig Host
103 Oneida Drive
Greenwich, CT. 06830

Tuesday, May 27, 2003

Dear Henry:

At certain milestone events in a person's life, it is permissible
for friends to wax nostalgic. Now that you are turning eighty, I
will indulge myself in this luxury.

Henry, I am enormously grateful to you for the friendship you
have shown to me and for the unfailing support you have given
to the Alexander Host Foundation ever since Sandy died in
1984. You have been an inspiration and a source of comfort
and pride for the whole Host family.

Your role in history is already established and will only grow as
the years roll on. The fact that the Library of Congress is
having a full day session on Wednesday by leading scholars on
"The Works of Henry Kissinger" is just the beginning. I salute
you and I admire you.

What to give a man who has everything? Well, we decided to
give you a tree. A stately 12-foot White Oak tree. The Oak
symbolizes so much for me: strength, durability, majesty,
longevity, the environment, history, and the European and
North American landscapes.

The Kissinger Oak is waiting at Twombly Nursery in Monroe, CT.
If you or Nancy call Ken Twombly at (203) 261-2133, they will
come and plant it anywhere on your property or, if you prefer
in any public place of your choosing.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY, and many more.

OCT 01 2003

THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART
Memorandum

**To:** Members of the Board of Trustees
**From:** Sharon H. Cott
**Re:** Chairman of the Board Office Move

Date: September 29, 2003

Please see the attached office address change for James R. Houghton, effective
Wednesday, October 1, 2003.

If you have any questions, please call Grace Brady, Assistant Secretary/Manager, at
(212) 570-3703.

SHC/eag

Attachment

cc: Grace Brady
Emily Grillo

TO: Mr. Philippe de Montebello 212-650-2002
Mr. David E. McKinney 212-650-2270
The Metropolitan Museum of Art

CC: Ms. Sharon Cott 212-570-3940
Ms. Grace Brady 212-570-3650

FROM: Terry S. Austin Jerry

DATE: September 15, 2003

SUBJECT: JAMES R. HOUGHTON NEW YORK CITY OFFICE MOVE

RECEIVED

SEP 18 2003

COUNSEL'S OFFICE

Effective Thursday, September 25, 2003, the Corning Incorporated office at 660 Madison Avenue will be closed, to allow us to move back to our newly renovated offices at 767 Fifth Avenue. The office will re-open on October 1, 2003 at the location noted below.

If you have any mail to be sent to Jamie Houghton during the time period of September 25-October 1, please send it to his office address in Corning, NY. Neither the telephone nor the fax in this new office will be working during this period. If you need information, please call our Corning, NY office (607-974-8668).

The information for James R. Houghton for New York City is:

New Address: Corning Incorporated (effective 10/1/03)
767 Fifth Avenue, 23rd Floor
New York, NY 10153

Old Address: Corning Incorporated (closed effective 9/25/03)
660 Madison Avenue, 15th Floor
New York, NY 10021

Telephone: 646-521-9604 (remains the same)
Fax: 646-521-9606 (remains the same)
E-mail: houghtonir@corning.com (remains the same)

Please ensure others in your organization are aware of these changes.

Thank you.

JRH/ta

HENRY A. KISSINGER

August 15, 2003

Dear Karen and Peter:

I thought you might like to have an inscribed copy of
my new book, CRISIS: The Anatomy of Two Major
Foreign Policy Crises

Enclosure

Ms. Karen Elliott House
and Mr. Peter Kann
Dow Jones & Company
200 Liberty Street
11th Floor
New York, NY 10281

NOV-07-2003 10:27

KAI DC

212 753 7248

P.02

5

INVITATIONS (TO BE) REGRETTED

THURS. OCT. 30TH
 return ing from Houston

--Police Athletic League's 15th annual Women
of the Year luncheon honoring actress Mariska
Hargitay, **Karen House**, Gayle King of Oprah's
magazine & Nancy Peretsman of Allen & Co., at
the Pierre.

--Institute for the Study of Diplomacy's 24th
annual Oscar Iden Lecture by **Paul Wolfowitz**,
"Winning the Battle of Ideas: Another Front in
the War on Terror," on the Georgetown
campus.

(Treillage reception/
Le Cirque dinner)

--Maserati North America reception & preview
of the new luxury sports sedan, Maserati
Quattroporte, at Splashlight Studios on W.
35th.

FRI. OCT. 31ST
(Kent)

(+NK)--Dinner by Daniella Luxembourg, co-owner of auction house Phillips, de Pury & Luxembourg, honoring **Italian Cultural Minister Guiliano Urbani**, at her res. **Alain Elkann** will be attending & asked that you be included.

SAT. NOV. 1ST
(Kent)

(+NK)--Lake Waramaug Country Club
"Hollywood Halloween Gala."

(+NK)--Harvest dinner & square dance by
**Carolyne Roehm**, at her home in Sharon.

SUN. NOV. 2ND
(Kent)

--Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund
founder's volunteer recognition reception, at
Carnegie Hall.

TOTAL P.02

The European powers were ready for war in 1914. Germany, fuelled by 'archaic militarism, global ambitions, and neurotic insecurity', took the offensive, in the misguided belief that it would shorten the conflict. Four years later, eight million people had died in the most apocalyptic episode the world had known.

Sir Michael Howard, pre-eminent military historian and author of such definitive works as *The Franco-Prussian War and War in European History*, has meditated on the subject of the First World War for several decades. The result is a 'masterpiece of concision' (Hew Strachan), a succinct and highly readable account of the events leading up to, and culminating in that conflict. With tremendous precision and clarity of vision he describes the effects of the conflict on soldiers and civilians alike, examining the military manoeuvres of the Allies and the rival alliances: the inhumane deployment of poison gas on the battlefield, the accelerated development of mechanized warfare, the establishment of the Royal Air Force in Britain, and the war at sea, which would draw America into the conflict. He highlights how the war fought at home - against the shortages of food, fuel, and raw materials for industry - caused the irreversible decline in German morale, a demise which was to lead to the eventual surrender of the German state.

Humiliated and bankrupt, utterly disempowered, Germany would never lose the belief that the war had been imposed upon her by the Allies. It would be that sense of injustice that would resonate through the decades to follow - to find final, chilling retribution in the hands of the Third Reich.

£11.99 RRP

$17.95 USA

SIR MICHAEL HOWARD CBE is Emeritus Professor of Modern History at both Oxford and Yale Universities. His many books include *The Causes of War, War in European History*, *The Lessons of History, The Invention of Peace*, *The Oxford History of the Twentieth Century* (edited with W.R. Louis), *War and the Liberal Conscience, The Franco-Prussian War* (Duff Cooper Memorial Prize), and *Studies in War and Peace* (Wolfson History Prize).

Author photograph © Ellen Warner

Jacket photograph: Repairing telephone lines during a gas attack. ©

Jacket design: the Senate

OXFORD

UNIVERSITY PRESS

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide in

Oxford New York

Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai
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and an associated company in Berlin

Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press
in the UK and in certain other countries

Published in the United States
by Oxford University Press Inc., New York

© Michael Howard 2002

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

Database right Oxford University Press (maker)

First published 2002

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,
or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate
reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction
outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department,
Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Data available

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

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ISBN 0-19-285362-7

13579108642

Typeset in New Baskerville
by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk

Printed in Great Britain
on acid-free paper by
Biddles Ltd., Guildford and King's Lynn

Foreword

This book, as its title suggests, is intended simply to introduce
the vast subject of the First World War to those who know
little or nothing about it.

Anyone who ventures more deeply into the subject will
find that behind almost every sentence in the book lies a
scholarly controversy that still remains unsettled, and that
what looks like a simple and uncontroversial narrative will
appear to some as highly biased and selective. Certainly not
everyone will agree with the view that it was the ruling circles
in Imperial Germany who were ultimately responsible, both
for the outbreak and for the continuance of the war. But an
account of the war that would satisfy everyone, even if it were
possible, could certainly not be written in the space available,
and even if it could it would be almost unreadable.

There may be those who complain that too much attention
is devoted to the military, and not enough to the social, eco-
nomic, or psychological dimensions of the subject. For this I
make no apology. These non-military factors are vital for
understanding why the war took place at all. But once the war
began events on the battlefield ultimately determined what
happened on the home front, and were responsible for the
vast transformation that resulted in the entire structure of
European society.

My thanks are due to George Miller who made me write

v

MAR 12 2003

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY

March 4, 2003

Hon. Henry Kissinger
Kissinger Associates
350 Park Ave. 26th floor
New York, N.Y. 10022

Dear Friend of the Center,

On Saturday, April 5, 2003 at 11:00am, a Memorial Service for Dr. R. Gordon Hoxie will be held at the Christ Episcopal Church in Oyster Bay, New York. A reception will follow the service.

The Memorial will pay tribute not only to Dr. Hoxie's career as a Founder and President of the Center, but it will also bring together representatives from other areas of his varied and distinguished career. Gordon found some time to support many causes in his community, and his leadership in the development of C.W. Post College is a significant part of the history of Long Island. Many of you will recall that Gordon invited us on many occasions of great significance to him and to this Church, where he will now be remembered.

If you are able to attend, would you please notify Matthew P. Gorton at the Center (202-872-9800) or via e-mail mgorton@thepresidency.org Directions to Christ Church are enclosed. I hope we can have a reunion, albeit a bittersweet one. Thank you.

1020 19TH Street, NW, Suite 250 * Washington, DC 20036 * Phone: 202-872-9800 * Fax: 202-872-9811