COPY TO DE MORAES

Savoy Plaza Hotel,
New York, N.Y.

May 26, 1941.

Dr. Walter W. Palmer,
The Presbyterian Medical Center,
New York, N. Y.

Dear Dr. Palmers

You may have heard by now from Dr. Russell M. Wilder
who tells me that he wrote to you about me. I arrived in New
York a few weeks ago to accompany a friend who is not well and
who is to spend some time here. When I left Rio de Janeiro I
had in mind to do some studying at the Mayo Clinic since my
primary interest in recent months had been the medical treat-
ment of gastric ulcer.

Unfortunately I find that it will be impossible for
me to go to Rochester, and I shall appreciate it more than I
can tell if you let me know when might call on you in the hope
that you may offer me some opportunity of doing some work
during my stay in New York.

Please accept my thanks in advance.

["Cable Addresses: Panamed, New York", "Panamedica, Havana", "Panamedica, Buenos Aires", "OFFICERS OF ASSOCIATION:", "PRESIDENT:", "Dr. José Arce", "2220 Vicente López", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "DIRECTOR GENERAL:", "Dr. Joseph Jordan Eller", "745 Fifth Avenue", "New York, N. Y., U.S.A.", "EXECUTIVE SECRETARIES:", "Dr. José Londres, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil", "Dr. José López-Silvero, Havana, Cuba", "Dr. Antonio Zambini, Buenos Aires, Argentina", "TREASURER:", "Dr. Lee M. Hurd, New York, N. Y.", "SECRETARIES:", "Dr. Chevalier L. Jackson, Philadelphia, Pa.", "Dr. José Lastra, Havana, Cuba", "Dr. John B. Lauricella, New York, N. Y.", "Dr. R. T. McIntire, Surg.-Gen. U.S.N., Wash., D.C.", "SECRETARIES FOR INSTRUCTION:", "Dr. Ramón Aixalà, Havana, Cuba", "Dr. Ugo Pinheiro Guimarães, Rio de Janeiro", "Dr. John R. Moore, Philadelphia, Pa.", "Dr. Hernan Romero, Santiago, Chile", "AWARD OF", "ADVISORY VICE-PRESIDENTS:", "Dr. Horacio Abascal, Cuba", "Dr. Afranio do Amaral, Brazil", "Dr. Raúl Arguello, El Salvador", "Dr. Manuel Arroyo, Guatemala", "Dr. Isidro Ayora, Ecuador", "Dr. W. Wayne Babcock, U.S.A.", "Dr. Juan Bacigalupo, Argentina", "Dr. Luciano Beeche, Costa Rica", "Dr. Francisco Benzo, Dominican Republic", "Dr. Conrad Berens, U.S.A.", "Dr. Miguel Branley, Cuba", "Dr. V. Fardo Castello, Cuba", "Dr. Virgil Counsell, U.S.A.", "Dr. Miguel Couto, Brazil", "Dr. Waldemar Couts, Chile", "Dr. George Crile, U.S.A.", "Dr. Edmundo Escomel, Peru", "Dr. Clementino Fraga, Brazil", "Dr. Eugene D. Gideon, Jamaica", "Dr. Abraham Ayala Gonzalez, Mexico", "Dr. Ignacio Gonzalez Guzman, Mexico", "Dr. Custis Lee Hall, U.S.A.", "Dr. Felix Hurtado, Cuba", "Dr. Juan Iturbe, Venezuela", "Dr. Jaime Jaramillo, Columbia", "Dr. Foster Kennedy, U.S.A.", "Dr. Camille Lhérisson, Haiti", "Dr. Boliver J. Lloyd, U.S.A.", "Dr. Mario Lujuan F., Costa Rica", "Dr. Manuel F. Madrazo, Mexico", "Dr. Urban Maes, U.S.A.", "Dr. I. González Martínez, Puerto Rico", "Dr. Charles P. Mathé, U.S.A.", "Dr. Francisco de P. Miranda, Mexico", "Dr. Octavio Montoro, Cuba", "Dr. Arthur Moses, Brazil", "Dr. Luis Ortega, Cuba", "Dr. Thomas Parran, Jr., U.S.A.", "Dr. Manuel Perez, Argentina", "Dr. J. A. Presno, Cuba", "Dr. Esteban Reyes, El Salvador", "Dr. Raymond W. Runyan, Panama", "Dr. Enrique St. Loup, Bolivia", "Dr. Luis A. Surraco, Uruguay", "Dr. Julio F. Schutte, Cuba", "Dr. Arturo Scroggie, Chile", "Dr. Carlos E. Páz Soldán, Peru", "Dr. E. Fernández Seto, Cuba", "Dr. Jerome P. Webster, U.S.A.", "TRUSTEES:", "Dr. Fred H. Albee, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. G. Arazo Alfaro, Argentina, 1942", "Dr. Gonzalo E. Aróstegui, Cuba, 1942", "Dr. Lewellys F. Barker, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Orville Barbour, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Ignacio Chavez, Mexico, 1942", "Dr. R. Leitao da Cunha, Brazil, 1942", "Dr. Charles C. Dennie, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. J. Victor Donnett, U.S.A., 1943", "Dr. James Edlin, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Joseph J. Eller, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. James Ewing, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Pedro Fariñas, Cuba, 1942", "Dr. Thomas A. Gonzales, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Rafael Gonzales Rincones, Venezuela, 1942", "Dr. Edwin A. Griffin, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Howard R. Hartman, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Elmer Hess, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Lee M. Hurd, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Alberto Inclán, Cuba, 1942", "Dr. Chevalier Jackson, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Edward L. Kellogg, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. James Alexander Lyon, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. John O. McReynolds, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Juan Rodriguez Pastor, Puerto Rico, 1942", "Dr. Francisco A. Risquez, Venezuela, 1942", "Dr. William Sharpe, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Albert Soiland, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Harry Van Ness Spaulding, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. E. Prado Tagle, Chile, 1942", "Dr. José Valls, Argentina, 1942", "Dr. Carnes Weeks, U.S.A., 1942", "Dr. Hugh H. Young, U.S.A., 1942", "COUNSEL:", "H. Randolph Guggenheimer", "55 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y.", "Chadbourne, Wallace, Parke & Whitside", "25 Broadway, New York, N. Y.", "PAN AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION", "NEW YORK CITY CHAPTER", "129 Broad Street, New York, N. Y.", "VICE-PRESIDENT:", "A. Judson Quimby, M.D.", "New York, N. Y.", {"bbox": [691, 188, 773, 202], "category": "Section-header", "text":

DANILO MACHADO
DIRECTOR
ENRIQUE VALLEDOR
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

Pan American School of Languages

PLAZA 3-1390
SQUIBB BUILDING
ROOM 1606

745 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

November 12, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 East 75th St.
New York City

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

Realizing the contacts which the American doctors
of the PAN AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION have with their
fellow-members from the Spanish-speaking countries, we feel
sure you will see how important it is for you to be able to
speak this language in order to have a better understanding
with them both technically and socially.

Our regular fees are shown in the enclosed pamphlet
and for residential instruction are: 25 hours for $100.00
and 50 hours for $180.00, however, we have decided to give
a special 15% discount to members of your Association.

We are very anxious to be of service to you and to
get your patronage, and anything that we can do for you in
the way of translations, or as interpreters, etc., we will
be only too glad to do at the same special reduction.

Our school, being located in the same building as
the PAN AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, provides greater con-
venience for you and any members of your family who wish to
take advantage of this offer.

Hoping to hear from you if you are interested, we
remain

c
Enclosure

## Foreword

Most of us recall our early studies of foreign languages as a period of relaxation between History and Mathematics —the strange language didn't seem important then. But today it is important! World events have supplied the motivation to correct our errors of the past. Today, your friends, neighbors and business associates are devoting several hours a week to the study of Spanish, Portuguese, or some other language.

Whether you study to improve your position in business, prepare for Civil Service, or merely to enjoy fully the romance of travel, you now have the opportunity to prepare quickly and thoroughly in your spare time.

## Method

The Pan American School of Languages employs native instructors only, who teach by the association of words with objects. Classes are conducted not in the form of a lecture—but with conversation between the student and instructor. Thus, starting with your first lesson, you acquire a sizeable vocabulary —and more important—you learn how to use it. You will learn not only how to speak your new language but to read, write and understand it.

## Classes

In order that each student may receive individual attention, classes are small, averaging five members. Classes start every hour on the hour from 9 A. M. to 8 P. M. Beginners are never placed with a class of advanced students.

## Courses

Courses in all languages are arranged for periods of three, and six months. The student may select the term best suited to his individual requirements.

## Private

The instruction is the same as in group work. The student being alone, has the advantage of making quicker progress and of choosing the days and hours at his own convenience.

## Tuition

### PRIVATE INSTRUCTION

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>25 HOURS</th><th>50 HOURS</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1 Student</td><td>$50.00</td><td>$90.00</td></tr><tr><td>2 Students (each)</td><td>35.00</td><td>55.00</td></tr></tbody></table>

### CLASS INSTRUCTION

<table><tr><td>3 months (2 hours weekly)</td><td>$25.00</td></tr><tr><td>6 months (2 hours weekly)</td><td>47.00</td></tr></table>

Danilo Machado
Director

Enrique Valledor
Assistant Director

THE DALTON SCHOOLS

108-114 EAST 89TH STREET
NEW YORK

HELEN PARKHURST
HEADMISTRESS

MARION DICKERMAN
ASSOCIATE
CHARLOTTE ANNE KEEFE
ASSOCIATE

April 25, 1941

My dear Dr. Zilboorg:

I am extremely concerned because of the
report that Gregory will not be able to go with
his classmates to New Milford and I am writing
you frankly and personally how I feel about the
situation. You will, I am sure, know that I am
writing you entirely without prejudice but trying
to be as frank about the situation as it relates
to Gregory and with the same attitude that you have
written me in the past.

Gregory is one of the most gifted boys we
have in the school. He is able to compete intel-
lectually far beyond his years. Intellectually he
has a great deal of security but in his personal
relationships he has less security because although
he outstrips the boys physically and intellectually,
he has never had enough prolonged and intimate con-
tacts with them in a social situation to permit him
to satisfy his curiosity about them in all respects
and give him adequate security.

Were we recommending New Milford as a fresh
air plan, your family should then be the last one I
would approach because your children have the whole
summer in the country, but none of the children who
have a whole summer in the country have an opportunity
to lie in the sun and find out once and for all that
their own parents have the same peculiarities and
idiosyncrasies that other parents have and that parents
are all very much alike.

The fact that the boys wash their hands with
the same kind of soap and find that the boys next to
them wear the same kind of underclothes and put them

THE DALTON SCHOOLS

HELEN PARKHURST
HEADMISTRESS

- 2 -

MARION DICKERMAN
ASSOCIATE

on in the same way helps him shake off all of
the bugbears set up by even the best nurses.
It makes him a citizen on his own level with
full status.

Gregory is not afraid of intellectual
problems but he plays hide and go-seek in social
situations and I believe that he will get from
this experience the kind of thing that will serve
him throughout his life, and that he will not only
see the inside of situations which now baffle him
but that he will get it under the most friendly
situation. The experience will in no sense be
horrible but wonderful.

You know him and the human make-up so much
better than I do but I have had so much practical
experience that I do beg of you to give us the op-
portunity of doing the kind of service for Gregory
which we have not been able to perform heretofore
because we have had him only a fraction of the time.

Even with our older girls in New Milford we
have found that they like to sit for hours on end
making an acquaintance with people whom they have
been puzzled about. Out of the experience some very
fine personalities which have been submerged in the
impact of intellectual school life have come into
their own, to the amazement of parents, teachers, and
even themselves.

This baffling little intellectual centipede
(I don't know that else to say because he reaches in
so many directions) is a person I am very fond of and
I think we really all ought to get together and pull
the oars of our boat simultaneously and come through.

I may be peculiar but I think I am doing a
peculiarly good job for you in this particular instance.

THE DALTON SCHOOLS

HELEN PARKHURST
HEADMISTRESS

- 3 -

MARION DICKERMAN
ASSOCIATE

As for Nancy, she is always sweet, well-balanced, and kindly disposed. If she does not go she will be the only one in her class who is not going.

In addition to the teachers, some of whom are married and have had children of their own, there will be three house mothers who help with baths, clothes, etc., and a trained nurse. A doctor comes in every morning and there is plenty of sunshine, fresh air, and good food.

This whole experience seems so perfectly normal and wonderful to me that I cannot understand any one not seeing eye to eye with me. I do not know whether you do or not but I just want you to know how I feel.

With much appreciation for all your friendly interest and help in the past and hoping that you will tell me if I have not answered all questions.

Most sincerely,

Gregory Zilboorg, Esq.
885 Park Avenue
New York City

Dr G. Zilboor g
12 East 75th Street
New York City.

C. J. F. PARSONS, M. D.
DOBBS FERRY, N. Y.

April 25th, 1941

Dr G. Zilboorg
12 East 76th Street
New York,

Dear Dr Zilboorg:

In a letter to you March 7th I said that I would
drop you this note to let you know when I arrived home.

The subject matter covered in a general way in
that letter must now be given attention; and this letter
invites your informal discussion of it, should you care
to avail yourself of the opportunity, before it goes on
to what I believe to be the proper official board for an
arbitration of this kind. This I feel obliged to do in the
near future.

Yours very truly,
L.J. F. Parsons.

Passmos

ARTHUR J. COHEN
ROBERT E. SAMUELS
LOUIS S. WEISS
JOHN F. WHARTON
RUSSELL H. WILDE
MYER D. MERMIN
HARRY J. LEFFERT

COHEN, COLE, WEISS & WHARTON

ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW

61 BROADWAY

NEW YORK

March 21, 1941.

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75th Street,
New York City.

Dear Gregory:

I have your letter with the enclosures,
which I am returning herewith.

I think my only suggestion would be to insert
in the second paragraph, after the words "to me", the words
"last September", possibly adding at the end of that line,
after the word "you", the word "still". The only point of
that is to emphasize in the correspondence the long period
that has elapsed since he last came at you.

Like you, I am beginning to get irked at the
silences. I shall call you next week to see when we can
work out an evening together.

As ever,

LSW/BK

Encs. 2

ADDRESS OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS TO
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
WASHINGTON, D. C.

In reply refer to
Passport No. 705284

DEPARTMENT OF STATE
WASHINGTON
NOTICE

Gregory Zilboorg,
885 Paru Avenue,
New York City, New York.

DEC 1 1941

In accordance with the directions of the Secretary of State, your passport has been forwarded to the Department and is being retained in its files.

Under the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of State, passports heretofore issued are not valid for use in traveling from the United States to any country outside the Western Hemisphere unless they are submitted to the Department for validation for such use. Before the Department of State will validate any passport heretofore issued for use outside the Western Hemisphere, documentary evidence must be submitted showing the imperative necessity for such travel.

If you desire to travel elsewhere outside of the United States it is suggested that you so advise the Department, shortly before your contemplated journey, setting forth the countries to be visited and the approximate date of departure, at which time consideration will be given to the matter of returning your passport.

If you desire your passport canceled and returned to you and will so advise the Department, that action will be taken. It may be pointed out in this connection that a passport ordinarily is valid for two years from the date of issue and may be renewed for another period of two years, but not beyond four years from the date of issue. A passport which has been canceled is no longer valid and can not be renewed.

R. B. SHIPLEY,
Chief, Passport Division

# NOTICE TO BEARERS
OF PASSPORTS

## WARNING

Special attention is called to the following
paragraphs of this notice:

28. Destitute Americans abroad. This paragraph warns travelers to assure themselves of ample funds for their needs abroad and for their return to this country. There are no Government or private funds available for assistance.

10. Money regulations. This paragraph contains a particular warning with regard to regulations in foreign countries governing the money which travelers may bring into and take out of the countries they expect to visit.

12 (a-c). China. Paragraphs indicating the special requirements regarding visas and passports for travel to and in China.

## I. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION OF
GENERAL INTEREST

1. Signature.—The signature of the person to whom a passport is issued should be affixed in the places indicated therein immediately upon its receipt. The passport is not valid unless it has been signed. The bearer should also

(1)

REVISED TO FEBRUARY 1, 1941

(Subject to Change Without Notice)

SPECIAL NOTE

An American citizen, whether native or naturalized, should read carefully section II. A naturalized citizen should read those parts of sections III or IV which relate to the country of which he was originally a national. Persons born in the United States of alien parents should also read those sections with care, as well as paragraphs 25, 26, and 27 of section I.

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1941

IV

IV. Status, as of January 16, 1939, of American citizens in certain countries, etc.—Continued,

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>Page</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>France</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Greece</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Iran</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Latvia</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>Netherlands</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><td>Rumania</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>Syria and Lebanon</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>Turkey</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Union of Soviet Socialist Republics</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>Yugoslavia</td><td>73</td></tr></tbody></table>

WARNING

(1)

2

fill in the blank spaces on the inside cover of the passport.

2. Loss, destruction, mutilation, or alteration of passport.—A passport, whether valid or expired, is an important document. It should not be allowed to pass into the possession of an unauthorized person. The mutilation or alteration in any way of an unexpired passport may render it invalid and subject the person to whom it was issued not only to inconvenience but also possible prosecution under the law.

3. The loss or destruction of a valid passport should be reported immediately to the Passport Division, Department of State, Washington, D. C., or to the nearest American consular officer.

4. The application for a new passport to replace a valid passport which it is alleged has been lost, destroyed, or mutilated must be accompanied by a detailed statement, in the form of an affidavit, of the circumstances under which the passport is alleged to have been lost, destroyed, or mutilated.

5. As a rule, new passports can be issued in cases referred to in paragraph 4 only after an exhaustive inquiry.

3

6. Amendments.—Passports may be amended to include or to exclude the American wife and American minor children of the person to whom issued, upon the written request of the bearer. The passport agents in Boston, New York, Chicago, and San Francisco have authority to amend passports. Passports may also be amended by American consular officers and, in the absence thereof, by American diplomatic officers; and they may be amended by the chief executives of the insular possessions of the United States and by the United States High Commissioner to the Philippine Islands.

7. Passports, unless expressly limited to particular countries, are valid for all countries.

8. Validation of passports for use in certain countries.—Because of the exigencies of international travel, particularly the spread of military operations and the increasing hazards and difficulties involved in foreign travel and residence, passports heretofore or hereafter issued are not valid for use in any country or territory outside of the Western Hemisphere unless the name of each country intended to be visited and the

4

object of such visit is specifically stated therein by the Department of State or under its authority. Persons desiring passports for use outside of the Western Hemisphere are required to submit with their applications documentary evidence of the necessity for their visit to each country intended to be visited. Persons intending to visit countries outside of the Western Hemisphere and already having valid passports in which the countries intended to be visited and the object thereof are not specifically stated should submit their passports to the Department of State directly or through the passport agents at New York, Boston, Chicago, or San Francisco, for the purpose of having them amended. Each such passport should be accompanied by documentary evidence of the necessity of the intended visit to any country outside of the Western Hemisphere.

American citizens intending to visit a territory within the Western Hemisphere which would require travel on a vessel of a belligerent country on or over the North Atlantic Ocean north of 35° north latitude and east of 66° west longitude must obtain special authorization to do so from

5

the Department of State or an American diplomatic or consular officer. Failure to do so may involve prosecution under the provisions of the Neutrality Act of 1939.

**9. Regulations of foreign governments.**—Passport and other travel regulations of foreign governments vary and are subject to changes. They also vary with respect to the outlying dominions, colonies, mandated territories, or dependencies of foreign countries. For authentic information regarding such regulations, inquiry should be made, before leaving the United States, of the diplomatic or consular representatives of the countries to be visited with reference to the following subjects: visas; import and export regulations relating to jewelry and other valuables; tobacco, cigarettes, and cigars; baggage; and photography, tax, travel, residence, health, vaccination, and employment regulations.

**10. Money regulations.**—American citizens are particularly warned that in a number of foreign countries special regulations are in force governing the money which travelers may take into and bring out of the countries. Travelers may avoid unnecessary delays and difficulties

287799°—41—2

8

China from the nearest American Consulate. The American Embassy at Peiping has informed the Department by telegraph that ignorance of the necessity of the visa for the interior has caused expense, delay, and inconvenience to many travelers.

(c) Stamping of Chinese translation of the English text on passports in China. American citizens are urgently warned that upon arrival in China they should present their passports at the Embassy, or at an American Consulate in China, for the stamping thereon of a Chinese translation of the English text. This may also be done in the consular offices at Hong Kong or Rangoon by those proceeding via these places to China. It is understood that the Chinese Government objects to Americans' traveling into the interior of China on passports which do not contain a Chinese translation of the English text.

13. **Countries not requiring passports.**—It is understood that passports are required for travel in nearly all foreign countries. In the following countries, however, American citizens on temporary visits are permitted to travel

9

without passports: Bahamas, Bermuda (tourists), Canada, Cuba, Haiti (tourists staying 30 days or less), Jamaica (cruise passengers), Mexico (tourists traveling directly from the United States; if travel is by way of another country a passport and visa are necessary), and Panama. If the stay in these places is to be for an indefinite period, it is understood that passports will be necessary (except in Canada).

14. **Documents in lieu of passports.**—American citizens who leave the United States without passports for travel in places where those documents are required should carry with them proof of their citizenship, such as birth, baptism, or naturalization certificates.

15. **Countries not requiring visas.**—No visas are required of non-immigrant American citizens intending to sojourn briefly in Cuba, Mexico (not required of tourists traveling directly from the United States, but in lieu thereof an identification card must be obtained from a Mexican Consul), Nicaragua, Thailand, or Uruguay (however, a travel certificate must be obtained from a Consul of Uruguay).

10

16. Visas necessary in most foreign countries.—Most foreign governments require persons of other nationality entering their countries to be in possession of passport visas granted by the diplomatic or consular officers of those countries. As certain foreign visas are valid for one trip only, or restricted in the period of time for which they may be used, applicants for visas should be careful to state the expected number of trips into the foreign country and the length of the intended sojourn therein. Difficulties are frequently encountered by travelers when attempting to obtain permission for the extension of their stay in a foreign country beyond the period designated in the visa. Travelers by air must comply with the same visa regulations as apply to travelers by land or water.

17. American citizens urgently advised to obtain visas from the appropriate foreign consuls stationed in this country before beginning their journeys.—It is understood that the regulations of most foreign countries require that a visa be obtained before the American citizen leaves the United States.

11

It is also understood that under the regulations of a number of Latin American countries visas will not be granted without special formalities, extra expense, and considerable delay to persons who apply therefor outside of the United States.

18. Special documents required for visas for certain Latin American countries.—(a) Vaccination certificates. The following countries of South and Central America are understood to require that applicants for visas present vaccination certificates: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay (except tourists), and Venezuela.

(b) Health certificates. The following countries of South and Central America are understood to require that applicants for visas present health certificates: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay (except tourists), and Venezuela. Inquiry must be made of the consuls of these countries as to whether the certificates should be obtained from local physi-

12

cians or a board of health, and as to what
should be shown in the certificates. The
requirements of the different countries
vary.

(c) Police certificates (good-conduct certificates). The following countries of South and Central America are understood to require that applicants for visas present police (good-conduct) certificates: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Uruguay (except tourists), and Venezuela. Inquiry should be made concerning these certificates of the consuls of the countries to be visited. It is understood that the requirements of the different countries vary.

19. Visas to include outlying possessions, etc.—Americans who intend to travel in certain foreign countries, and in the outlying dominions, colonies, mandated territories, or dependencies of such countries, are cautioned to inquire regarding, and obtain, if necessary, specific visas not only for the foreign country, but for the outlying dominions, colonies, mandated territories, or dependencies in which they intend to travel.

13

20. Visas for American citizens who are classed as immigrants.—It is understood that persons proceeding as immigrants to foreign countries must have their passports visaed for that purpose. Particular inquiry should be made by American citizens of the diplomatic and consular officers of the countries to which they expect to proceed whether they will be classed as immigrants and for that reason be required to be in possession of passports and visas. In order to establish whether they will be classed as immigrants they should be careful to make clear to such officers the reason for their intended visit and the duration of their intended stay.

21. Department does not act as intermediary in obtaining visas.—The visa regulations of foreign governments are enforced directly by the representatives of those governments. The Department of State does not under any circumstances act as intermediary in obtaining visas from representatives of foreign countries.

"It is an accepted maxim of international law, that every sovereign nation has the power, as 287799°—41—3

14

inherent in sovereignty, and essential to self-preservation, to forbid the entrance of foreigners within its dominions, or to admit them only in such cases and upon such conditions as it may see fit to prescribe." (142 U. S. 651.)

**22. Permits for work in foreign countries.**—An American citizen who intends to take up employment in a foreign country should, before leaving the United States, inquire at a consulate of such country whether he is required to obtain a permit. If so, such permit should, if possible, be applied for and obtained through the consulate before departure from the United States.

**23. Registration at American Consulate.**—American citizens intending to make an extended sojourn in a foreign country should register at the nearest American Consulate immediately upon arrival in the foreign country.

**24. Registration with local authorities.**—Information in regard to local police registration, etc., in foreign countries should be obtained from the local authorities direct or through the nearest American Consulate.

**25. Dual nationality.**—Persons born in the United States of unnaturalized parents acquire American citizenship under

15

American law and as a general rule also acquire the nationality of the country of which their parents are nationals. Often foreign nationality is retained notwithstanding the subsequent naturalization as citizens of the United States of their parents during the minority of the person born in the United States. A person possessing the nationality of both the United States and a foreign country, who habitually resides in the territory of such foreign country and who is in fact most closely connected with that country, should not expect to receive the protection of this Government while he is residing in such country, and it is not the practice of the Department to make representations in his behalf with a view to his release from the performance of military or other obligations to the foreign country.

**26. Failure to recognize American naturalization.**—A number of foreign countries with which the United States has not concluded naturalization treaties do not regard the naturalization of their citizens or subjects in this country as resulting in the loss of their original allegiance. In such a case, a person born in

16

the United States subsequent to the nat-
uralization of a father whose American
naturalization is not recognized by the
country of which he was a citizen or sub-
ject at the time of such naturalization,
may be considered to acquire at birth the
status of a national of the country of his
father's origin under the laws of that coun-
try.

27. Military service in foreign countries.—Persons claiming citizenship through naturalization, either in their own right or through a parent, and persons born in this country of foreign-born parents, should, before proceeding to the country of their origin, if born abroad, or that of the origin of their parents, if born in the United States, ascertain their status with regard to military service in such country. Inquiries regarding such matters may be made to the diplomatic and consular officers in the United States of those countries.

American citizens are particularly
warned that serving in the armies of for-
eign countries may result in the loss of
their American citizenship, and in this
connection attention is called to section II
hereunder entitled "Loss of Nationality".

17

28. Destitute Americans abroad.—
Employment conditions in foreign coun-
tries are very unfavorable, and Ameri-
cans proceeding abroad in search of work
must understand that no money is at the
disposal of the Government to pay their
way back to the United States or to ren-
der them financial assistance if they be-
come stranded abroad. Americans should
therefore not undertake a trip abroad un-
less in possession of ample funds for their
maintenance abroad and return to this
country.

## II. LOSS OF NATIONALITY

29. The Nationality Act of 1940 (54 Stat. 1169).—This act provides in part as follows:

### CHAPTER IV—LOSS OF NATIONALITY

"SEC. 401. A person who is a national of the United States, whether by birth or naturalization, shall lose his nationality by:

"(a) Obtaining naturalization in a foreign state, either upon his own application or through the naturalization of a parent having legal custody of such person: Provided, however, That nationality shall not be lost as the result of the naturalization of a parent unless and until the child shall have attained the age of twenty-three years without acquiring permanent residence in the United States: Provided further, That a person who has acquired foreign nationality through the naturalization of his parent or parents, and who at the same time is a citizen of the United States, shall, if abroad and he has not heretofore expatriated himself as an American citizen by his own voluntary act, be permitted within two years from the effective date of this Act to return to the United States and take up permanent residence therein, and it shall be thereafter deemed that he has elected to be an American citizen. Failure on the part of such person to so return and take up permanent residence in the United States during such period shall be deemed to be a determination on the part of such person to discontinue his status as an American citizen, and such person shall be forever estopped by such failure from thereafter claiming such American citizenship; or

(18)

19

"(b) Taking an oath or making an affirmation or other formal declaration of allegiance to a foreign state; or

"(c) Entering, or serving in, the armed forces of a foreign state unless expressly authorized by the laws of the United States, if he has or acquires the nationality of such foreign state; or

"(d) Accepting, or performing the duties of, any office, post, or employment under the government of a foreign state or political subdivision thereof for which only nationals of such state are eligible; or

"(e) Voting in a political election in a foreign state or participating in an election or plebiscite to determine the sovereignty over foreign territory; or

"(f) Making a formal renunciation of nationality before a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States in a foreign state, in such form as may be prescribed by the Secretary of State; or

"(g) Deserting the military or naval service of the United States in time of war, provided he is convicted thereof by a court martial; or

"(h) Committing any act of treason against, or attempting by force to overthrow or bearing arms against the United States, provided he is convicted thereof by a court martial or by a court of competent jurisdiction.

"SEC. 402. A national of the United States who was born in the United States or who was born in any place outside of the jurisdiction of the United States of a parent who was born in the United States, shall be presumed to have expatriated himself under subsection (c) or (d) of section 401, when he shall remain for six months or longer within any foreign state of which he or either of his parents shall have been a national according to the laws of such foreign state, or within any place under control of such foreign state, and such presumption shall exist until over-

20

come whether or not the individual has returned to the United States. Such presumption may be overcome on the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, or to an immigration officer of the United States, under such rules and regulations as the Department of State and the Department of Justice jointly prescribe. However, no such presumption shall arise with respect to any officer or employee of the United States while serving abroad as such officer or employee, nor to any accompanying member of his family.

"SEC. 403. (a) Except as provided in subsections (g) and (h) of section 401, no national can expatriate himself, or be expatriated, under this section while within the United States or any of its outlying possessions, but expatriation shall result from the performance within the United States or any of its outlying possessions of any of the acts or the fulfillment of any of the conditions specified in this section if and when the national thereafter takes up a residence abroad.

"(b) No national under eighteen years of age can expatriate himself under subsections (b) to (g), inclusive, of section 401.

"SEC. 404. A person who has become a national by naturalization shall lose his nationality by:

"(a) Residing for at least two years in the territory of a foreign state of which he was formerly a national or in which the place of his birth is situated, if he acquires through such residence the nationality of such foreign state by operation of the law thereof; or

"(b) Residing continuously for three years in the territory of a foreign state of which he was formerly a national or in which the place of his birth is situated, except as provided in section 406 hereof.

"(c) Residing continuously for five years in any other foreign state, except as provided in section 406 hereof.

21

"SEC. 405. Section 404 shall have no application to a person:

"(a) Who resides abroad in the employment and under the orders of the Government of the United States;

"(b) Who is receiving compensation from the Government of the United States and residing abroad on account of disability incurred in its service.

"SEC. 406. Subsections (b) and (c) of section 404 shall have no application to a person:

"(a) Who shall have resided in the United States not less than twenty-five years subsequent to his naturalization and shall have attained the age of sixty-five years when the foreign residence is established;

"(b) Who is residing abroad upon the date of the approval of this Act, or who is thereafter sent abroad, and resides abroad temporarily solely or principally to represent a bona fide American educational, scientific, philanthropic, religious, commercial, financial, or business organization, having its principal office or place of business in the United States, or an international agency of an official character in which the United States participates, for which he receives a substantial compensation;

"(c) Who is residing abroad on account of ill health;

"(d) Who is residing abroad for the purpose of pursuing studies of a specialized character or attending an institution of learning of a grade above that of a preparatory school, provided that such residence does not exceed five years;

"(e) Who is the wife, husband, or child under twenty-one years of age of, and is residing abroad for the purpose of being with, an American citizen spouse or parent who is residing abroad for one of the objects or causes specified in section 405 or subsections (a), (b), (c), or (d) hereof;

287799°—41—4

22

"(f) Who was born in the United States or one of its outlying possessions, who originally had American nationality, and who, after having lost such nationality through marriage to an alien, reacquired it.

"SEC. 407. A person having American nationality, who is a minor and is residing in a foreign state with or under the legal custody of a parent who loses American nationality under section 404 of this Act, shall at the same time lose his American nationality if such minor has or acquires the nationality of such foreign state: Provided, That, in such case, American nationality shall not be lost as the result of loss of American nationality by the parent unless and until the child attains the age of twenty-three years without having acquired permanent residence in the United States.

"SEC. 408. The loss of nationality under this Act shall result solely from the performance by a national of the acts or fulfillment of the conditions specified in this Act.

"SEC. 409. Nationality shall not be lost under the provisions of section 404 or 407 of this Act until the expiration of one year following the date of the approval of this Act: Provided, however, That a naturalized person who shall have become subject to the presumption that he has ceased to be an American citizen as provided for in the second paragraph of section 2 of the Act of March 2, 1907 (34 Stat. 1228), and who shall not have overcome it under the rules in effect immediately preceding the date of the approval of this Act, shall continue to be subject to such presumption for the period of one year following the date of the approval of this Act unless it is overcome during such period.

"SEC. 410. Nothing in this Act shall be applied in contravention of the provisions of any treaty or convention to which the United States is a party upon the date of the approval of this Act."

23

30. Presumption of fraudulent naturalization.—Section 338 (c) of the Nationality Act of October 14, 1940 (54 Stat. 1169) reads as follows:

"(c) If a person who shall have been naturalized shall, within five years after such naturalization, return to the country of such person's nativity, or go to any other foreign country, and take permanent residence therein, it shall be considered prima facie evidence of a lack of intention on the part of such person to become a permanent citizen of the United States at the time of filing such person's petition for naturalization, and, in the absence of countervailing evidence, it shall be sufficient in the proper proceeding to authorize the revocation and setting aside of the order admitting such person to citizenship and the cancelation of the certificate of naturalization as having been obtained through fraud. The diplomatic and consular officers of the United States in foreign countries shall from time to time, through the Department of State, furnish the Department of Justice with the names of those persons within their respective jurisdictions who have been so naturalized and who have taken permanent residence in the country of their nativity, or in any other foreign country, and such statements, duly certified, shall be admissible in evidence in all courts in proceedings to revoke and set aside the order admitting to citizenship and to cancel the certificate of naturalization."

25

### III. STATUS, AS OF JANUARY 16, 1939, OF AMERICAN CITIZENS IN CERTAIN COUNTRIES WITH THE GOVERNMENTS OF WHICH THE UNITED STATES HAS CONCLUDED TREATIES CONCERNING NATURALIZATION AND REGULATING THE LIABILITY TO MILITARY SERVICE OR OTHER ACT OF ALLEGIANCE OF PERSONS HAVING DUAL NATIONALITY

**Note.**—The information contained in this section was prepared as of January 16, 1939, the date of the previous edition of this pamphlet, and it has not been considered practicable to attempt at this time to alter the information, owing to the many changes which have been brought about by military hostilities.

31. The following information concerning military regulations of certain foreign governments as possibly affecting American citizens is believed to be correct as of January 16, 1939, but is not to be considered as official so far as it relates to the laws and regulations of a foreign government:

32. **Albania.**—Under the naturalization treaty between the United States and Albania, a naturalized citizen of the United States of Albanian origin is recognized as an American citizen

(24)

upon his return to Albania. He is not subject to punishment for the original act of emigration or for failure to respond to calls for military service accruing after bona-fide residence was acquired in the United States. If he renews his residence in Albania without the intent to return to the United States he is held to have renounced his naturalization. The intent not to return may be held to exist when he has resided more than 2 years in Albania, but this presumption may be overcome by evidence to the contrary.

The treaty also provides that a person born in the United States of Albanian parents who has the nationality of both the United States and Albania shall not, if he has his habitual residence, that is, the place of his general abode, in the territory of the state of his birth, be held liable for military service or any other act of allegiance during a temporary stay in the territory of the other country.

33. **Belgium.**—In accordance with the law on the Army, recruiting, and the obligation of service, the text of which was published in the *Moniteur Belge* of March 9, 1929, all Belgian citizens must be enrolled in the recruiting reserve from the age of 17 years, but they are not considered as having violated this requirement unless they have failed to enter their names for enrolment before the 31st day of December of the year in which they attain the age of 19 years.

Under the terms of the naturalization convention between the United States and Belgium, a

26

Belgian naturalized as a citizen of the United States is considered by Belgium as a citizen of the United States, but upon return to Belgium he may be prosecuted for a crime or misdemeanor committed before naturalization, saving such limitations as are established by the laws of Belgium.

A naturalized American formerly a Belgian who has resided 5 years in this country cannot be held to military service in Belgium, or to incidental obligations resulting therefrom, in the event of his return, except in cases of desertion from organized and embodied military or naval service.

Under Belgian law a person born in the United States of Belgian parents may, between the time when he reaches 16 years of age and the 31st of December of the year during which he reaches 19 years of age and with the consent of the person or persons whose consent would be necessary to validate his marriage, renounce Belgian nationality without special consent of the Belgian Government. If such consent cannot be obtained, he may, in order to avoid difficulties during a temporary stay in Belgium, request that he be inscribed for the Belgian militia and at the same time ask that he be suspended from military service until he has attained the age of 21 years, when he can execute the act of renunciation of Belgian nationality without the approval of his legal guardian. If, after having attained the age of 19, when he becomes liable to obligations of military service for the active Army and the reserve, he desires to make a declaration of

renunciation, he must first obtain the permission of the Belgian Government. Such permission is given as a matter of course, however, if at the time he is domiciled in the United States. The duration of military obligations in the active Army and the reserve is 15 years, and at the end of that period a declaration of renunciation may be made without the special consent of the Belgian Government. The renunciation of Belgian nationality may be made before a Belgian diplomatic or consular representative in the United States.

34. Bulgaria.—A national of Bulgaria who has been naturalized as a citizen of the United States is recognized as an American citizen upon his return to the country of his origin, subject to any law providing that Bulgarians do not lose their nationality by becoming naturalized in another country during a period when Bulgaria is at war. Bulgarians who have become naturalized as American citizens are not, upon returning to Bulgaria, subject to punishment for the original act of emigration or for failure prior to naturalization to respond to calls for military service accruing after bona-fide residence was acquired in American territory. If a national of Bulgaria who has been naturalized as a citizen of the United States shall renew his residence in Bulgaria without the intent of returning to the United States, he may be held to have renounced his naturalization. The intent not to return may be held to exist when a person naturalized in the United States shall have resided 2 years or more in Bulgaria.

27

28

35. Czechoslovakia.—Under the treaty of nat-
uralization between the United States and
Czechoslovakia it is provided that nationals of
Czechoslovakia who have been or shall be nat-
uralized in the territories of the United States
shall be held by Czechoslovakia to have lost
their former nationality and to be nationals of
the United States. The treaty provides that the
foregoing provision shall not be applicable to a
national of Czechoslovakia who obtains natural-
ization in the United States while Czechoslo-
vania is at war. Nationals of Czechoslovakia
naturalized in the United States are not, upon
their return to Czechoslovak territory, prose-
cuted or punished for expatriation, or for hav-
ing failed, prior to their naturalization, to
answer summonses to military service which
had been served upon them within a period of
5 years preceding their naturalization. If a
national of Czechoslovakia who has been
naturalized as a citizen of the United States
shall renew his residence in Czechoslovakia
without the intent to return to the United States,
he is held to have lost the nationality acquired
by naturalization. The intent not to return
may be held to exist when a person naturalized
in the United States shall have resided more
than 2 years in Czechoslovakia.

With regard to persons born in the United
States of Czechoslovak parents, officials of the
Czechoslovak Ministry of National Defense have
orally informed the American Consul General
at Praha that American-born sons of Czecho-
slovak citizens may visit Czechoslovakia for 6

29

months without fear of being inducted into the
Czechoslovak Army and that if they remain be-
yond that time they should call immediately
upon the District Office and submit a petition
requesting their release from the Army rolls.

36. Denmark.—In November or December of the year in which the person liable to military service becomes 17 years old, he is expected to report for enrolment on the conscription list. If he neglects to do so, he may be fined from 4 to 40 kroner; but if his neglect arises from a design to evade service he may be imprisoned.

Anyone leaving the country before he should
be entered on the conscription list is expected,
in case he returns before his thirty-second year
and is yet subject to military service, to report
for entry on the conscription list.

Anyone who, after having been entered on the
conscription list or after having reported for
entry on the list, leaves the country must, under
penalty of fines of from 10 to 100 kroner, report
his departure as well as his return to the com-
petent official.

During the year when the person liable to
military service attains the age of 20 he is
bound to present himself before the board of
examiners, and if he is found to be fit for
service he is then entered on the Army list and
called for service the following year, unless he
has obtained from the Minister of the Interior
a deferment to one of the following years or

287799*—41—5

30

unless, in consequence of a high number drawn
by lot, he is exempted from military service.

In case he fails to appear when the law re-
quires that he be assigned to military duty he is
liable to imprisonment.

The treaty of naturalization between the
United States and Denmark provides that a
former subject of Denmark naturalized in the
United States shall, upon his return to Den-
mark, be treated as a citizen of the United
States; but he is not thereby exempted from
penalties for offenses committed against Danish
law before his emigration. If he renews his
residence in Denmark, with intent to remain,
he is held to have renounced his American citi-
zenship. The intent not to return may, under
the treaty, be held to exist when the natural-
ized citizen shall have resided for 2 years in
his native land.

A naturalized American citizen formerly a
subject of Denmark, having renewed his resi-
dence in Denmark with intent to remain or
having resided in that country for more than
2 years, is liable to perform military service
in Denmark if he was in the Army at the time
of emigration and deserted; or if, before emi-
gration, he had been enrolled for duty, called,
and failed to appear; or if, after his return,
he is assigned to a military unit.

In time of peace the Minister of the Interior
is authorized upon application to release from
further service in the Danish Army or Navy
such individuals subject to Danish military
service as may procure proof that they served

31

in the army or navy of any of the belligerent
nations during the years 1914 to 1918.

37. Germany.—Article 278 of the Treaty of Versailles, the rights and advantages of which are accorded to the United States by its treaty restoring friendly relations with Germany, concluded August 25, 1921, stipulates that Germany undertakes to recognize any new nationality which has been or may be acquired by her nationals under the laws of the Allied and Associated Powers and in accordance with the decisions of the competent authorities of these powers pursuant to naturalization laws or under treaty stipulations, and to regard such persons as having, in consequence of the acquisition of such new nationality, in all respects severed their allegiance to their country of origin.

38. Hungary.—Article 213 of the Treaty of Trianon, the rights and advantages of which are accorded to the United States by its treaty establishing friendly relations with Hungary, concluded on August 29, 1921, stipulates that Hungary undertakes to recognize any new nationality which has been or may be acquired by her nationals under the laws of the Allied and Associated Powers and in accordance with the decisions of the competent authorities of these powers pursuant to naturalization laws or under treaty stipulations, and to regard such persons as having, in consequence of the acquisition of such new nationality, in all respects

32

39. Lithuania.—Under article I of the treaty between the United States and Lithuania, signed at Kaunas, October 18, 1937, nationals of either country, who have been or shall become naturalized in the territory of the other country shall not, upon returning to the country of former nationality for a temporary stay, be required to perform military service or any other act of allegiance, or be punished for the original act of emigration or for failure to respond to a call for military service, liability for which did not accrue until after bona-fide residence was acquired in the territory of the country whose nationality was obtained by naturalization.

Provided that, if a national of either country who comes within the purview of article I shall renew his residence in his country of origin without the intent to return to the country in which he was naturalized, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization.

The intent not to return may be held to exist when a person naturalized in one country shall have resided more than 2 years in the other country; but this presumption may be overcome by evidence to the contrary.

Under article II of the treaty, a person born in the territory of one country of parents who are nationals of the other country, and having the nationality of each country under its laws,

33

shall not, if he has his habitual residence, that is, the place of his general abode, in the territory of the country of his birth, be held liable for military service or any other act of allegiance during a temporary stay in the territory of the other country.

Provided that, if such stay is protracted beyond the period of 2 years, it shall be presumed to be permanent, in the absence of sufficient evidence showing that return to the territory of the other country will take place within a short time.

The Department understands that there has been no difficulty with the Lithuanian authorities in connection with military service of naturalized American citizens of Lithuanian origin or of American-born sons of Lithuanian citizens, and that the possession of American citizenship documents has been sufficient to relieve them of military obligations in Lithuania. The American Legation at Kaunas has informed the Department that in case of necessity the interested person should apply to the Legation, which will endeavor to effect an amicable settlement of any difficulties which may be encountered with the Lithuanian authorities.

40. Norway.—A subject of Norway is liable to performance of military duty in and after the calendar year in which he reaches the age of 21 years.

Under the naturalization treaty between the United States and Sweden and Norway, con-

34

cluded May 26, 1869, a naturalized citizen of the United States formerly a subject of Norway is recognized as an American citizen upon his return to the country of his origin. He is liable, however, to punishment for an offense against the laws of Norway committed before his emigration, saving always the limitations and remissions established by those laws. Emigration itself is not an offense, but non-fulfilment of military duty and desertion from a military force or ship are offenses.

A person liable to the performance of military duty who emigrates before January 1 of the year in which he reaches the age of 20 or after this time with due permission and who returns and reports personally in the proper manner, is enrolled for service together with the class with which he is registered, but is transferred to the second draft and is discharged at the same time as the men with whom he, according to his age, should have registered. After the end of the seventh conscription year (the year he reaches the age of 27) he is free from ordinary service in time of peace. Conscripts who have not been drafted by the end of the seventh year, through no fault or neglect of their own, will be free from military service in time of peace.

Any person liable to military service who leaves the country without a permit, will, when he returns, be drafted preferentially and attached to a less-favored branch for which he is fitted. Even though he may have passed the common age of conscription, he will be required to serve the entire period. In no instance,

however, will he be required to serve after having passed the age of 50 years.

If a naturalized American citizen of Norwegian origin remains as long as 2 years in Norway, he is obliged without being summoned to present himself for enrolment at the first session, since he is then deemed by Norway to have renounced his American citizenship.

If he renews his residence in the Kingdom without intent to return to America, he is held to have renounced his American citizenship.

Under article 1 of the treaty between the United States and Norway, signed at Oslo, November 1, 1930 (U. S. Treaty Series No. 832), a person born in the territory of one country of parents who are nationals of the other country, and having the nationality of both countries under their laws, shall not, if he has his habitual residence, that is, the place of his general abode, in the territory of the state of his birth, be held liable for military service or any other act of allegiance during a temporary stay in the territory of the other party.

41. Portugal.—All physically able male Portuguese citizens are liable to military service from their seventeenth until their forty-fifth year, serving in the active Army 4 years, in

35

36

the active reserve 16 years, in the territorial
reserve 5 years, and in the reserve of recruits
3 years. Under normal circumstances, the pe-
riod of actual service lasts 15 months. Enrol-
ment as a recruit usually takes place during
the calendar year in which a citizen attains the
age of 20 years. Recruits who have not se-
cured exemption are incorporated in the Army
in the month of March of the following year.
Failure or inability to render military service
involves payment of the "military tax" of 30
escudos per annum (50 escudos when the income
exceeds 800 escudos a month).

All Portuguese citizens subject to military
duty desiring to leave the country are re-
quired to secure a special permit, the fee for
which is 500 escudos (a sum which is not re-
turned), and, in addition, those between 14 and
20 years of age must make a deposit of 500
escudos, while those between 20 and 45 years
of age are required to deposit 1,500 escudos, as
a guaranty for the fulfilment of military obliga-
tions. These deposits are refunded upon return
to Portugal, provided such return takes place
within the period during which the permission
to leave the country is valid; otherwise, they
are forfeited to the state.

The treaty of naturalization in force between
the United States and Portugal provides that
Portuguese citizens who have become citizens
of the United States shall be recognized as such
upon their return to Portuguese dominions if
they have resided in the United States 5 years.
A naturalized American of Portuguese birth is
liable to trial and punishment upon return to

37

Portuguese dominions for an offense against
Portuguese laws committed before the emigra-
tion, but not for the emigration itself, saving
always the limitations of the laws of Portugal.
If a Portuguese citizen emigrated after hav-
ing been enrolled as a recruit, whether in the
active Army or in the reserve, the military tax
assessed against him is doubled and he becomes
liable to impressment into active service for a
period of 2 years. If the person assessed is a
dependent, liability in respect of the military
tax extends to his parents and grandparents.

42. Sweden.—Subjects of Sweden are liable
to performance of military duty in and after
the calendar year in which they reach their
twenty-first year.

Article 1 of the convention between the
United States and Sweden, signed at Stockholm
January 31, 1933, provides that a person pos-
sessing the nationality of both the high con-
tracting parties who habitually resides in the
territory of one of them and who is in fact
most closely connected with that party, shall
be exempt from all military obligations in the
territory of the other party.

Under the naturalization treaty between the
United States and Sweden and Norway, con-
cluded May 26, 1869, a naturalized citizen of
the United States formerly a subject of Sweden
is recognized as an American citizen upon his
return to the country of his origin. He is
liable, however, to punishment for an offense
against the laws of Sweden committed before

38

his emigration, saving always the limitations
and remissions established by those laws. Emi-
gration itself is not an offense, but non-fulfill-
ment of military duty and desertion from a
military force or ship are offenses.

A naturalized American who performed his
military service or emigrated when he was not
liable to it and who violated no laws before
emigrating may safely return to Sweden.

According to the treaty of May 26, 1869, be-
tween the United States and Sweden and Nor-
way a naturalized American citizen of Swedish
origin, upon renewing his residence in Sweden
without the intent to return to America, shall
be held to have renounced his American citi-
zenship. The intent not to return to America
may be held to exist when the person so natu-
ralized resides more than 2 years in Sweden.

43. Switzerland.—Article I of the convention between the United States and Switzerland, signed at Bern on November 11, 1937, provides that a person born in the territory of either the United States or Switzerland of parents who are nationals of the other country, who possesses the nationality of the two countries and who has his habitual residence in the country of his birth, shall not be held liable by the other country for military service or for the payment of taxes in lieu thereof even in the case of a temporary stay in that country. If, however, this stay is protracted beyond the period of 2 years, the convention provides that the stay shall be presumed to be permanent

39

unless the person can show his intention of
returning to his native land shortly after the
lapse of that period.

The convention is to be interpreted as ap-
plying to persons born in the United States of
Swiss parents but not to persons who were
born in Switzerland of American parents and
who acquired Swiss nationality as a result of
birth.

Every Swiss citizen, except those who come
within the provisions of the above-mentioned
convention, is liable, under Swiss law, to mili-
tary service from the beginning of the year in
which he becomes 20 years of age until the end
of the year when he becomes 48. With the
exception of persons whose cases come within
the provisions of the convention, every Swiss
of military age who does not perform military
service is subject to an annual tax until the
end of the year in which he attains the age
of 40 years, whether or not he resides in the
Confederation, or to punishment for non-pay-
ment of the tax if he returns to Switzerland.

According to Swiss law, military taxes are
barred by limitation in 10 years after the year
for which they are due.

If a Swiss citizen renounces Swiss allegiance
in the manner prescribed by the Swiss law of
June 25, 1903, and his renunciation is accepted,
his naturalization in another country is recog-
nized, but without such acceptance he is con-
sidered to retain Swiss citizenship, which is
held to descend from generation to generation.

40

Before he returns to Switzerland an Ameri-
can citizen of Swiss origin who desires to
renounce Swiss citizenship should file with the
cantonal authorities his written declaration of
renunciation of his rights to communal, can-
tonal, and, in general, Swiss citizenship, with
documents showing that he has obtained for-
eign citizenship for himself, wife, and minor
children, and receive the sealed document of
release from Swiss citizenship through the Di-
rection of Justice of the canton of his origin.
If he neglects to do this, he will be regarded
by the Swiss Government as a Swiss citizen
under Swiss law, and as such, unless his case
comes within the above-mentioned convention,
will be held liable to the performance of mili-
tary service, or to payment of the military tax,
or to arrest and punishment in case of non-
payment of the tax for so long as he continues
to remain liable to the payment of military
taxes.

IV. STATUS, AS OF JANUARY 16, 1939, OF AMERICAN CITIZENS IN CERTAIN COUNTRIES WITH THE GOVERNMENTS OF WHICH THE UNITED STATES HAS NOT CONCLUDED NATURALIZATION TREATIES

Note.—The information contained in this sec-
tion was prepared as of January 16, 1939, the
date of the previous edition of this pamphlet,
and it has not been considered practicable to
attempt at this time to alter the information,
owing to the many changes which have been
brought about by military hostilities.

44. While this Government objects to the punishment of naturalized Americans by fines, forced military service, or imprisonment for any unperformed military service which accrued after the entry of the naturalized citizen into the United States, it can give no assurance that any objections which it makes will result in a remission or release.

45. This Government cannot properly protest against punishment for any fraction of foreign law committed prior

(41)

42

to the naturalized American's entry into the United States.

46. Naturalized citizens of the United States who come from countries with the governments of which the United States has not concluded naturalization treaties should, before visiting such countries, consider the advisability of inquiring of the appropriate authorities thereof whether they will be immune from molestation in such countries under the military-service or other laws. The Department of State does not act as intermediary in such inquiries.

The following information is believed to be correct, but is not to be considered as official so far as it relates to the laws and regulations of a foreign government:

47. **Estonia.**—According to paragraph 20 of the Estonian nationality law of October 27, 1922, the loss of Estonian nationality is conditional on obtaining authorization from the Estonian Minister of the Interior. The application for authorization to renounce Estonian nationality must be accompanied by a certificate showing the acquisition of a foreign nationality. Consequently Estonian nationals who have become nationals of the United States and have not applied for and obtained authorization to renounce their Estonian nationality are considered

43

under the law of Estonia to be nationals of that country. Under paragraph 1 of the Estonian law on military service, all male nationals of Estonia are liable for military service.

According to paragraph 2 of the Estonian law on nationality, children born without the territory of Estonia of a father who is an Estonian national are held to be Estonian nationals. Paragraph 6 of the same law expressly provides that no citizen of the Estonian Republic can be at one and the same time a citizen of another state. Consequently a person who was born in the United States of an Estonian father and who therefore acquired both American and Estonian nationality at birth is considered by the Estonian Government to have but one nationality, namely, Estonian.

It is understood that the Estonian Government, in view of the provisions of the nationality and military-service laws of Estonia, is not prepared to permit persons who have not applied for and obtained authorization to renounce their Estonian nationality to visit Estonia without being required to perform military service or other acts of allegiance. This is understood to apply to persons born in Estonia and naturalized in the United States and to persons born in the United States of Estonian parents. It is understood that, in practice, persons who have presented an appropriate certificate, required under Estonian law to prove their nationality in a foreign country, have experienced no difficulty in renouncing their Estonian nationality.

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48. Finland.—The Finnish “Law Regarding the Loss of Finnish Citizenship” of June 17, 1927, provides for the loss, in certain circumstances, of the Finnish citizenship of Finnish citizens born outside of Finland, and of Finnish citizens born in Finland who become citizens of other countries.

With respect to Finnish citizens born outside of Finland, article 2 of the law cited provides, among other things, as follows:

"A Finnish citizen who was born outside of Finland and (1) has never had his domicile in Finland, or (2) has not been in the active military service of Finland as a conscript, or (3) has not attended a Finnish or Swedish educational institution in Finland for at least 2 years, loses his Finnish citizenship at the age of 22 years, unless the President of the Republic, upon petition, makes a decision to the contrary."

The Department understands that a person who loses his Finnish citizenship in this manner is not, during a subsequent stay in Finland, held liable for military service or any other obligation of citizenship.

With respect to Finnish citizens born in Finland who acquire the citizenship of another country through naturalization, article 1 of the law cited provides as follows:

"A Finnish citizen who becomes a citizen of another country loses his Finnish citizenship if his domicile is outside of Finland or if he removes from Finland.

"However a male citizen of Finland whose age is between 17 and 28 years and who has

45

not fulfilled as a conscript his active military service or who has not been legally exempted from military service, may be released from his Finnish citizenship only by means of a special decree of the President of the Republic."

It may be added in this connection that the Department is informed that the laws of Finland contain no provisions for the renunciation of acquired foreign citizenship through the mere act of returning to and residing in Finland.

49. France.—While the following information is believed to be correct, persons born in France, or born outside of France of French parents, should, before visiting France, consider the desirability of inquiring of the nearest French consular or diplomatic officer whether they will be immune from molestation in France under the military-service or other laws of that country.

American citizens of French origin visiting France should understand that a French visa of their passport does not relieve them from any military or other obligations to which they may be liable in that country.

### LOSS OF FRENCH NATIONALITY BY FRENCH CITIZENS NATURALIZED AS CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES

(a) Persons naturalized as American citizens prior to August 10, 1927.—Article 17 of the French Civil Code, which is understood to be applicable to French citizens naturalized as citi-

46

zens of the United States prior to August 10, 1927, provides as follows:

"The following lose their French nationality:

"The Frenchman who is naturalized in a foreign country or who acquires, at his request, foreign nationality by operation of the law.

"If he is still subject to the obligations of military service in the active army, naturalization in a foreign land will only cause the loss of French nationality if it has been authorized by the French Government."

The term "active army" as used in the above article is interpreted as including the "reserve of the active army".

It is understood that under the above law the naturalization of a French citizen in a foreign state is not regarded by the French Government as resulting in the loss of French nationality in the following cases:

(1) Individuals who had never served in France, or who, having served, were still classed in the active army, or in the reserve of the active army, at the time of their naturalization abroad.

(2) Individuals who were declared defaulters when they were still in the active army (or in the reserve of the active army). This group is understood to cover individuals who, through failure to respond, have been declared defaulters while the recruiting class to which they belong is still considered a part of the active army or of the reserve. Such persons are not regarded by the French Government as having lost their French nationality until they reach the age when their names are erased from the army rolls

47

(after passing the age of 53 years). In fact, until that time, and by reason of their default, they must be considered as "being still subject to the obligations of active military service".

On the other hand, under the above French law, the naturalization abroad of persons in the following classes may be recognized by the French authorities as resulting in the loss of French nationality:

(1) Individuals who have been declared in default after they had already left the active army (and the reserve of the active army). This group is understood to cover individuals who, having completed the prescribed term in the active army, and in the reserve, may have been declared defaulters because they subsequently failed to respond when called for duty in time of emergency.

(2) Individuals who have passed the age limit for military service. Whatever has been their military past, even as defaulters, they are then struck off the army rolls. Under these conditions they are no longer subject to any military obligations, active or non-active, and consequently no obstacle exists, under the provisions of the Civil Code, to their loss of French nationality by naturalization in a foreign country.

(b) Persons naturalized as American citizens subsequent to August 10, 1927.—Article IX (1) of the French nationality law of August 10, 1927, which is understood to be applicable to French citizens naturalized as citizens of the United

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States subsequent to August 10, 1927, reads as follows:

"French nationality is lost by: A Frenchman who is naturalized abroad or who, on his own request, acquires a foreign nationality by operation of the law after he is 21 years old.

"However, until 10 years have gone by, counted from either enlistment in the active Army or the entry on the military liability list in case he is excused from active service, he who has become a foreign subject does not lose his French citizenship except under special authorization by the French Government."

The following groups must be considered with reference to article IX (1) of the French law quoted above:

(1) Individuals having been incorporated or included in the census of those liable to military service and naturalized abroad less than 10 years after that date. Such persons do not lose French nationality automatically as a result of the mere running of the 10-year period unless authorized by decree to do so. It is also understood that if the French Government's authorization is not obtained within the 10-year period French nationality will be retained indefinitely.

(2) Individuals having been incorporated or included in the census of those liable to military service and naturalized abroad more than 10 years after that date. The naturalization of such persons results automatically in the loss of French nationality. Their foreign naturalization is recognized by the French authorities even

49

if they have been declared defaulters or deserters after beginning the performance of active service. It suffices that they have been effectively incorporated or included in the census of those liable to military service and that 10 years have thereafter elapsed. Likewise, it is immaterial whether the declaration of default occurred during or after this term of 10 years.

However, if a sentence had been pronounced against the deserter while he was still French, the sentence would continue to be executory in France (like any common-law sentence) even though the foreign nationality acquired in the meantime were recognized by the French authorities.

(3) Individuals never having been incorporated or included in the census of those liable to military service. This group would include persons who have failed to answer the call to the colors. It also would include persons who may have been omitted from the recruiting lists (presumably through error or fraud) until such omission has been rectified. As to persons included in group (3), the delay of 10 years envisaged by article IX (1) cannot have commenced to run, and it must be concluded that their naturalization abroad will never result automatically in the loss of French nationality, although such individuals after passing the age of 53 years, and their names having been erased from the army rolls, are no longer subject to any military obligations. They must obtain the consent of the French authorities to naturalization abroad even after 53 years of age.

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(c) Persons naturalized through the naturalization of parents.—It is understood that under the French law of 1927 the status of a person who has acquired American citizenship during his minority as a result of the naturalization of his parents varies accordingly as the naturalization of the parents has or has not been authorized by the French Government. If the parents have remained French citizens under the French law of 1927, the child also remains French. If, on the other hand, the French Government has given its authorization to the renunciation of French citizenship on the part of the parents, the minor child also loses French citizenship, provided such minor child is not delinquent under the French military-service laws. It is assumed that if the parents were naturalized as citizens of the United States after the 10-year period and automatically lost French nationality, as stated above, and if their minor children who acquired American citizenship through the naturalization of their parents are not delinquent under the French military-service laws, such children would also lose their French nationality.

RENUNCIATION OF FRENCH CITIZENSHIP BY PERSONS BORN IN THE UNITED STATES OF FRENCH PARENTS

Article IX (3) of the French nationality law of August 10, 1927, reads:

"French nationality is lost by: Any Frenchman, even though he be under age, who holding, by operation of the law and without any ex-

pressed will on his part, a foreign nationality, is authorized, on his request, by the French Government to maintain it."

The Department has been informed that persons born in the United States of French parents who wish to retain their American citizenship and renounce their French citizenship under the provisions of article IX (3) of the French nationality law of August 10, 1927, may do so by addressing a petition to the French Ministry of Justice. It is understood that in such a case the person concerned can be released from French nationality only by means of a decree. It appears that under article IX (3), above quoted, such persons need not have reached their majority. Inquiry should be made at a French Consulate as to the procedure which should be followed in making the petition. It is understood that the appropriate application may be made (1) by the interested person himself if he is over 21 years of age; (2) by the person concerned, with the permission of his legal representative, if he is less than 21 years old and over 16; or (3) by the legal representative of the interested minor in the latter's name if he is less than 16.

DOCUMENTATION OF AMERICAN CITIZENS WHO ARE LIABLE TO MILITARY SERVICE IN FRANCE

The Department understands that under article 99 of the French recruitment law of March 31, 1928, persons born in the United States of French parents will in time of peace be permitted by the French Government to visit France

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without being compelled to perform military service there, provided they carry certificates stating that military service is not obligatory in the United States. Such certificates may be obtained from the French Embassy in Washington, D. C., and French Consulates in the United States, and also from the American Embassy in Paris and American Consulates in France.

**Safe-conducts.**—The Department understands that safe-conducts will be issued only to French military delinquents domiciled in the United States who have dual nationality, independently of their volition, provided the offense of delinquency with which they are charged was committed before January 1, 1927, and provided that they have not been sentenced as defaulters by a French military tribunal. Consequently, safe-conducts cannot be issued to the following classes: (1) men declared delinquent after December 31, 1926; (2) men delinquent before January 1, 1927, who have not acquired abroad a foreign nationality independently of their volition; or (3) men delinquent before January 1, 1927, who, having acquired a foreign nationality independently of their volition, have been sentenced as defaulters by a French military tribunal. The French Foreign Office has stated that it is disposed to give a very liberal interpretation to the phrase "independently of their volition" in the cases of children naturalized through the naturalization of their parents, but that the circumstances in each case will be taken into consideration in reaching a decision. No safe-conducts can, however, be granted to such persons whose delinquency arose

after December 31, 1926. Persons coming within the categories to whom safe-conducts may be issued should, before proceeding to France, apply for such a document at a French Consulate in the United States or the French Embassy in Washington, D. C. Safe-conducts are generally valid for a period of 3 or 4 months. The period mentioned in the safe-conduct should be scrupulously observed, and the bearer should refrain from performing any act which may be considered as an express or implied waiver of the rights and advantages granted by the safe-conduct. A visa cannot be regarded as a safe-conduct. Safe-conducts are always separate documents.

**EXEMPTION OF AMERICAN CITIZENS OF FRENCH ORIGIN FROM MILITARY OBLIGATIONS IN FRANCE UNDER THE DECREE LAW OF OCTOBER 30, 1935**

Under the French decree law of October 30, 1935, which became effective October 31, 1935, the date of its promulgation, those French citizens who proceeded for residence to countries outside of Europe and not bordering on the Mediterranean, before the commencement of the formalities incident to the calling of their class to the colors, are exempt from military service, provided there is no French military unit sufficiently near to the place of residence into which such persons can be incorporated. It is understood that the United States is one of the areas in which the exemption is effective. However, if before reaching the age of 30 years,

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the persons concerned should, by reason of
change of residence, no longer be in a position
to take advantage of this exemption, they are
bound to perform the period of active service
due by their recruiting class. It is understood
that persons entitled to exemption from mili-
tary service under the provisions of the decree
law of October 30, 1935, may be authorized to
visit France for a period of 3 months each year,
which period is cumulative but ordinarily will
not be permitted to exceed 1 year. American
citizens who may be entitled to the privilege of
visits to France without fear of molestation
under the decree law of October 30, 1935, should,
before departure for that country, request the
French Consul to whom they apply for a visa
to furnish them with a written statement of
their exemption from military service and of
the period for which they may safely visit
France.

It is the understanding of the Department
that the benefits of the decree of October 30,
1935, do not apply to persons who had attained
French military-service age and became delin-
quent prior to October 31, 1935, but that its
provisions do apply to persons attaining French
military-service age after that date.

50. Greece.—The Greek Government does not recognize a change of nationality on the part of a former Greek which was made on or after January 15, 1914, without its consent. Consequently, a former Greek naturalized on or after January 15, 1914, is liable to arrest and forced

55

service in the Greek Army or Navy upon his
return to Greece, except with regard to visits to
that country of less than 6 months, as provided
for in law no. 5405, mentioned below.

The Greek Government recognizes a change of
nationality on the part of a former Greek
which was made before January 15, 1914, pro-
vided that such individual, with a view to
having his name removed from the register of
Greek citizens, has informed the Greek Govern-
ment of the fact of his foreign naturalization
and received from that Government recognition
of the change of nationality. It is understood
that such an individual will not be molested
while visiting Greece. It is suggested, however,
that he carry with him his American naturali-
zation certificate. Inquiry should be made of a
Greek consular officer in the United States as
to the procedure which should be followed to
obtain Greek recognition of the change of nation-
ality.

Law no. 5405, published in the Official Gazette
of the Greek Government for April 20, 1932,
amends the basic law concerning the registration
of aliens in Greece, and provides in article 3
that, upon the arrival in Greece of persons of the
Greek race holding foreign passports, they shall
be exempt from all inquiry in respect of their
military obligations if they do not intend to stay
in Greece for more than 6 months.

The law is understood to mean that Ameri-
can citizens of Greek race may spend up to
6 months in Greece without having their mili-
tary status questioned. If they desire to leave
at the expiration of 6 months from the time

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of arrival, or at any time within the 6-month period, they must apply to the Greek Passport Bureau of the Ministry of the Interior for approval of their status and in order that they may legally leave the country. Persons who are found to owe military obligations to Greece when they apply to the Greek Passport Bureau may receive permission to leave the country upon the payment of 300 drachmas. If they intend to remain in Greece beyond a period of 6 months they must apply to the Greek Passport Bureau for approval of their military status. It is understood that the privilege of departing from Greece upon the payment of 300 drachmas is not extended to persons of the Greek race who remain in Greece longer than 6 months and are found to be liable to military obligations to that country.

According to the practice of the Greek Government, the 6-month exemption period provided for by the law begins from the date of the first entry into Greece from the country of permanent residence. The exemption can be renewed thereafter only if the traveler has returned meanwhile to the country of his permanent residence, in which case he will be in a position again to enjoy the privileges of a further 6-month period. If he departs from Greece for a third country, however, the 6-month period is calculated from the date of the original entry from the country of permanent residence. An American citizen who also possesses Greek nationality and is permanently domiciled in the United States can therefore expect to benefit from the exemption granted by law

57

no. 5405 each time he comes to Greece from the United States, but cannot prolong this exemption beyond the 6-month period by the expedient of going from Greece to a nearby third country and then reentering Greece.

It is understood that this law became effective on April 20, 1932.

The Department understands that the Greek Government regards presumptively as Greek nationals:

(1) Former Greek nationals naturalized abroad after January 15, 1914, without authorization of the Greek Government;

(2) Persons who were born abroad of Greek parents or parents who were considered by the Greek Government to have Greek nationality, even though they actually may have acquired a foreign nationality;

(3) Persons of Greek race and religion who were former Turkish subjects originating from Turkish territory, except Istanbul, regardless of the date when they left Turkey; and

(4) Persons of Greek race and religion who were former Turkish subjects originating from Istanbul, and who left Istanbul before August 1, 1929, without regular Turkish passports issued by the authorities of the Turkish Republic.

A native or a naturalized American citizen who visits Greece and remains for more than 6 months and whose case falls within any of the above groups may be arrested, registered as a Greek citizen, and required to perform the duties and obligations of citizenship, including military service. In such an event, American consular officers in Greece are unable to assist

58

them in avoiding the usual operation of Greek law as long as such American citizens of the Greek race remain in Greece.

It is suggested that, with regard to visits to Greece of more than 6 months, American citizens of Greek origin and American citizens who were born in territory now forming a part of Greece would do well to apply to a Greek consular officer in the United States before their departure for Greece in order to ascertain from him whether by placing themselves under the jurisdiction of the Greek Government they would subject themselves to any alleged obligations respecting Greek nationality or Greek military service. Particular attention should be given to this suggestion by American citizens of the groups enumerated above who may be regarded as Greek citizens by the Greek Government.

51. Iran.—It is provided in article 988 of the Iranian nationality law of February 16, 1935, that Iranian nationals may not abandon their nationality except under the following conditions:

(1) They must have reached the age of 25 years.

(2) They must have the authorization of the Council of Ministers.

(3) They must agree beforehand to transfer to an Iranian subject, in some manner and within 1 year after the repudiation of their Iranian nationality, all their rights to the immovable property they may own in Iran or which they might acquire by inheritance, even if Iranian law authorizes

foreign nationals to possess immovable property. The wife and major or minor children of a person who in accordance with this article renounces his nationality do not lose their Iranian nationality unless the decision of the Council of Ministers includes them.

(4) They must have performed their military service.

Persons who in conformity with this article proceed with filing an application to relinquish their Iranian nationality and acquire foreign nationality, in addition to fulfilling the provisions of paragraph 3 of this article which are applicable to them, must leave Iran within a period of 1 year. Should they fail to leave within the said time-limit, the competent authorities will order their expulsion and the sale of their properties. In the event that such persons should desire in the future to come to Iran, it will be necessary to obtain special authorization from the Council of Ministers, which may be granted only once and for a definite period.

It is provided in article 989 of the Iranian nationality law of February 16, 1935, that the Iranian Government will not recognize a change of nationality on the part of an Iranian subject which was made after the year 1901 without the consent of the Iranian Government and that the immovable property in Iran of an Iranian subject naturalized in a foreign state will be sold under the supervision of the local public prosecutor, and the proceeds of the sale after the deduction of costs will be delivered to him.

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Article 2 of the Law of Entry, Exit, and Residence of Foreign Nationals in Iran of May 10, 1931, which was continued in force by the law of January 10, 1933, stipulates that visas must be refused to those persons who are considered Iranian subjects under Iranian law and who may desire to make a trip to Iran with non-Iranian nationality papers. Article 3 of the same law provides for the deportation of persons who may enter Iran contrary to the provisions of article 2.

There is no treaty of naturalization between the United States and Iran defining the status while in Iran of former Iranian subjects who have become naturalized as American citizens. Consequently no assurance can be given to such persons that any representations made on their behalf by the American diplomatic or consular officers abroad will be successful.

52. Italy.—It is understood that, except in cases of those who at the time their military class is called for service have resided for more than 2 years in Italy and those born prior to 1901 who are classed as deserters for failure to carry out their military obligations either in the United States or in Italy during the World War, Italian subjects naturalized in the United States, persons born in the United States of Italian parents, and persons born in Italy of American fathers, are exempt from military service in Italy and may visit that country for an indefinite period without fear of being inducted into the Italian Army.

61

However, it is suggested that persons who may be exempt from performing military service in Italy provide themselves with the necessary documents (such as discharge or exemption certificates from the American or Italian military services) to prove when they visit Italy that they carried out their military obligations in time of war. It is understood that even those persons who were delinquent in regard to their military obligations to Italy in time of war may visit that country for a period of 6 months, without molestation, if they obtain from an Italian Consul a special safe-conduct good for that purpose.

53. Latvia.—A person born in the United States of Latvian parents acquires American citizenship under American law and also acquires Latvian citizenship under the laws of Latvia.

According to Latvian law, Latvian citizens desirous of renouncing their citizenship must submit petitions to that effect to the Minister of Interior. The petition must specify the country of which the applicant wishes to become or to remain a citizen.

Under the Latvian military-service law, male Latvian citizens over 15 years of age cannot be permitted to renounce their Latvian citizenship until they have served in the active or the reserve services of the Army up to their thirtieth year, unless they have been declared exempt from military service. This provision applies to persons who acquire at birth the citi-

64

side abroad. Registration is compulsory. The draft takes place between May 1 and June 30. Supplemental drafts may be made at other times during the year. Conscripts are usually called for service in October.

It is understood that under the Polish nationality law of January 20, 1920, effective January 31, 1920, persons born in the United States of Polish parents prior to January 31, 1920, are not regarded by Poland as Polish citizens. Those, however, who were born in the United States on or after January 31, 1920, of Polish parents, are regarded by Poland as Polish citizens.

Concerning naturalized citizens, it is understood that persons who would have become Polish citizens under the Polish nationality law of January 20, 1920 (effective January 31, 1920), but who were naturalized as citizens of the United States prior to the effective date of the law, are not regarded by Poland as Polish citizens. Polish citizens liable to military service who were naturalized as American citizens on or after January 31, 1920, are regarded by Poland as Polish citizens and as liable to active military service, unless consent has been obtained from the Polish authorities for the acquisition of foreign citizenship. However, it may be stated that former citizens of the Russian Empire who acquired American citizenship after January 31, 1920, and who on April 30, 1921, were outside of Polish territory and did not exercise their right of option for Polish citizenship provided for in the treaty of Riga, never acquired Polish citizenship and therefore are not liable for military service.

65

It is understood that under article 88 of the Polish military-service law of March 8, 1828, persons having Polish citizenship under Polish law who can prove that they acquired American citizenship by birth in the United States or were naturalized as citizens of the United States with the consent of the Polish authorities, are not subject to military obligations as from the time of the submission of such proof.

There is no treaty between the United States and Poland defining the status while in Poland of former Polish citizens who have become American citizens. Therefore, it may be desirable for such persons before going to Poland to ascertain whether they may be held for military service by that country. It is suggested that this information may be sought from the Polish Government direct or through Polish diplomatic or consular officers. This Department does not act as the intermediary in such requests.

**56. Rumania.**—According to the Law of Recruitment of 1930, only Rumanian subjects can be recruited and incorporated into the Rumanian Army.

Naturalized American citizens, formerly Rumanian subjects, who left the country when they were of recruiting age or who, having been recruited, emigrated before the time that they were to present themselves for incorporation into the Rumanian Army, may return to Rumania for a visit and will not be requested to serve their term

62

zenship of Latvia and of another country and to persons who have only the citizenship of Latvia but desire to acquire the citizenship of another country. Consequently the naturalization of a Latvian citizen as a citizen of the United States does not result in the loss of Latvian citizenship unless permission to become naturalized in the United States has been obtained from the Latvian Government.

54. **Netherlands.**—The Department understands that a Netherlands national who is naturalized as a citizen of the United States is not thereby released from military obligations in the Netherlands unless such naturalization took place before or shortly after his registration for military service in the Netherlands. Such person may, if in the Netherlands, petition to have his name removed from the military register or, if in the United States, petition the Netherlands Minister of Defense through a Netherlands diplomatic or consular officer for exemption from liability to military service. A person born a citizen of the United States under its laws who is considered a national of the Netherlands under the laws of that country is not by reason of his American citizenship exempt from military service in the Netherlands. He may, however, petition the Netherlands Minister of Defense for partial or entire exemption. Each petition is decided upon the basis of the facts in the case.

The Department is informed that a person having the status of a national of the Netherlands must register in person or by proxy during

the year in which he will attain the age of 18 years provided he or his legal representative resides in the Netherlands. One not subject to military service on January 1 of the year in which he reaches the age of 18 but who subsequently becomes subject to such service before January 1 of the year in which he attains the age of 25 years is required to register for military service.

55. **Poland.**—Military service in Poland is compulsory. All male citizens of Poland and all male inhabitants of Poland who are unable to prove foreign citizenship are liable to military service between the ages of 21 (or 19 in time of war) and 50. Recruits are drafted for active service in the calendar year in which they become 21 years of age (19 in time of war). The statutory term of active service is 24 months (25 months in the cavalry, field artillery, and air service). After active service the soldier is placed in reserve. He remains a reservist until the calendar year in which he becomes 40 years of age. Thereafter, until the calendar year in which he becomes 50 years of age, he is liable to service in the general levy. Special provisions are made in respect to the liability of foreigners who become Polish citizens.

All persons liable to military service are registered, during the calendar year in which they become 18 years of age, by the officials of the community in which they reside in Poland or by the Polish Consul in whose district they re-

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in the Army if they furnish documentary evidence of their American naturalization, since, under Russian law, Rumanian nationality is lost by naturalization in a foreign state. However, those who during their military service committed a crime, such as desertion, destruction of material, offending a superior officer, etc., and have not been tried before the competent military tribunals, or whose crime has not been outlawed by the statute of limitations, must appear before the competent Rumanian military courts.

57. Spain.—The Spanish Government holds, with reference to former Spanish subjects who have acquired foreign nationality by naturalization, that while the quality of being a Spaniard is lost by naturalization in another country, distinction must be made as to whether the said naturalization took place prior to or subsequent to the attainment of the age fixed for conscription in the Spanish Army. In the first instance the interested persons are exempted from performing their military service in Spain, but if the said naturalization is secured within the period in which he is liable for military service, the interested person will always remain obligated to perform his military service in Spain and in case of failure to do so will incur penal responsibility under the same conditions as any Spaniard who has not lost his nationality.

58. Syria and Lebanon.—Article 34 of the Treaty of Lausanne, signed on July 24, 1923, be-

67

tween the Allied Powers and Turkey provides as follows:

"Subject to any agreements which it may be necessary to conclude between the Governments exercising authority in the countries detached from Turkey and the Governments of the countries where the persons concerned are resident, Turkish nationals of over eighteen years of age who are natives of a territory detached from Turkey under the present Treaty, and who on its coming into force are habitually resident abroad, may opt for the nationality of the territory of which they are natives, if they belong by race to the majority of the population of that territory, and subject to the consent of the Government exercising authority therein. This right of option must be exercised within two years from the coming into force of the present Treaty."

Under the above-quoted provisions certain persons of Syrian or Lebanese origin, habitually resident abroad on the entrance into force of the Treaty of Lausanne (August 30, 1924), had the right to opt for Syrian or Lebanese nationality during the 2-year period between August 30, 1924, and August 30, 1926. In the event such persons did not opt for Syrian or Lebanese nationality they were considered, under the terms of the treaty, to have retained their Turkish nationality. It is understood that many persons of Syrian or Lebanese origin, habitually resident abroad, did not exercise their right of option within the prescribed period.

On May 29, 1937, the Turkish Government and the French Government, the latter acting on behalf of the mandated territories of Syria and

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the Lebanese Republic, entered into a further
agreement on this subject. The pertinent provi-
sions of this agreement read as follows:

"Persons of Syrian or Lebanese origin who were established abroad on August 30, 1924, and have neglected to opt within the time limits fixed in Article 34 of the Treaty of Lausanne for the nationality in force in their country of origin may exercise this right of option within a period of one year as from the date of the adoption of the present provisions."

The effect of this agreement was merely to
renew, as from May 29, 1937, to May 29, 1938,
the right which persons of Syrian or Lebanese
origin had been granted by article 34 of the
Treaty of Lausanne to opt for the nationality in
force in their country of origin.

Under Ottoman law the right of an Ottoman
subject to acquire foreign nationality was not
recognized unless the prior consent of the Otto-
man Government had been obtained. Since the
nationality laws in force in Syria and in the
Lebanese Republic were based on the old Ottoman
law, difficulties arose soon after the World War
with respect to the right of the United States to
extend protection in Syria and the Lebanese
Republic to American naturalized citizens of
Syrian or Lebanese origin. With a view to
clarifying this situation the American Consulate
General at Beirut and the French High Commis-
sion in that city concluded an agreement by ex-
change of notes dated November 15 and Decem-
ber 2, 1921. Under the terms of that agreement
recognition was given to the right of the Ameri-
can Government to extend protection to natu-

ralized American citizens of Syrian or Lebanese
origin who, under American law, were entitled
to such protection. The French High Commis-
sion in Beirut has given assurance that the agree-
ment will continue to be given effect.

Accordingly, American citizens of Syrian or
Lebanese origin who visit their native countries
temporarily, and who under American law are
entitled to receive protection, will continue to be
regarded as American citizens by the Syrian and
Lebanese authorities.

(a) *Effect upon American citizenship of option for Syrian or Lebanese citizenship.*—The exercise of option for Syrian or Lebanese nationality by naturalized American citizens of Syrian or Lebanese origin would be inconsistent with the obligations which they assumed when, in obtaining naturalization as citizens of the United States, they swore allegiance to the United States and renounced allegiance to the states of which they were formerly nationals. The exercise of such option by naturalized American citizens of Syrian or Lebanese origin would also endanger their status and rights as citizens of the United States.

(b) *Property rights.*—It is understood that the laws in force in Syria and in the Lebanese Republic permit foreigners to inherit real property there provided that the law of the country of which the foreigner is a national accords similar rights to nationals of Syria and the Lebanese Republic. It is understood that American citizens of Syrian or Lebanese origin would be permitted to inherit real property in Syria and in the Lebanese Republic, provided that the laws of the State of which such citizens are residents accord

69

70

a similar right to nationals of Syria and the
Lebanese Republic.

59. Turkey.—Under Turkish law a person born of Turkish parents, whether in Turkey or abroad, is a Turkish citizen, and if on Turkish territory is considered by the Turkish Government to owe all the obligations of Turkish citizenship.

The right of Turkish citizens to acquire foreign nationality is not recognized under Turkish law except upon the prior special authorization of the Turkish Government, which is granted only to persons who have performed their active military service. Turks who have obtained special authorization to adopt foreign citizenship are required to leave Turkey within the period of a year from the date of this authorization, to transfer their domicile and center of business outside of Turkey, and to liquidate their property. Those who fail to leave Turkey and liquidate their property within the 1-year period will be expelled and the liquidation of their property effected by the Turkish Government. Should such persons desire to return to Turkey the Council of Ministers may upon the report of the consulate to which application has been made grant them permission to do so for one time only and for a period of not more than 3 months.

Natives of Turkey not naturalized in accordance with the procedure outlined above are not recognized by the Turkish Government as having lost their Turkish nationality. In practice if such persons enter Turkish territory, their foreign passports and, whenever possible, their natu-

ralization certificates are taken up and temporarily retained by the Turkish authorities, and a record of their cases is kept. They are thereafter duly deprived of their Turkish citizenship and required to leave the country. The formality of declaring such persons deprived of their Turkish citizenship may take several months, and during that time they are not permitted to travel. The fact that a person has obtained a Turkish visa does not exempt him from the liabilities above described.

60. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.—A visa is required for entry into the Soviet Union. Inquiries for information regarding regulations governing the issuance of such visas should be addressed to the Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Washington, D. C., the Consulate General of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, New York, N. Y., or any other Soviet consular office in the United States.

According to the Department's information, persons formerly Russian nationals who have not obtained permission of the Soviet Government to renounce Russian allegiance are ordinarily considered by the Soviet authorities as Soviet nationals upon their return to the Soviet Union, even though such persons may have been naturalized as citizens of the United States. While the Government of the United States does not admit in principle the right of a foreign country to claim the continued allegiance of a former national who has been naturalized as a citizen of the United States, the Department, in the absence

71

72

of a treaty of naturalization with the Soviet Union, can give no assurance that such a person would not be treated as a citizen of the Soviet Union should he place himself within the jurisdiction of that country. In connection with the above it should be noted, however, that the Department is in receipt of information to the effect that, according to a Soviet decree of May 27, 1933, former Russian nationals who left Russia before November 7, 1917, who have acquired or applied for foreign citizenship, did not return to the Soviet Union prior to May 27, 1933, and have not registered with the Soviet authorities as Soviet citizens, are not considered citizens of the Soviet Union.

Naturalized American citizens of Russian origin and persons born in the United States of Russian parents who have never been naturalized as American citizens may find it advisable if they intend to visit the Soviet Union to inquire of a diplomatic representative of the Soviet Union as to the status they would have should they enter the Soviet Union.

Each American national entering the Soviet Union should immediately, in person or by mail, notify the American Embassy at Moscow of his arrival, the number of his passport, and his address. Subsequent changes of address should also be promptly communicated to that office.

A number of cases have been brought to the attention of the Department in which Soviet wives of American citizens have not been able to obtain permission from the Soviet authorities to depart from the Soviet Union in order to join their

husbands and families abroad. The procedure to be followed and the requirements to be met by Soviet citizens in effecting their departure from the Soviet Union are matters which lie entirely within the jurisdiction of the competent officials of the Soviet Union. Americans contemplating marriage to Soviet citizens should bear in mind that this Government is unable to assist Soviet citizens in obtaining permission to leave the Soviet Union.

61. Yugoslavia.—The laws of Yugoslavia are understood to require compulsory military service on the part of male Yugoslav subjects and to prescribe that Yugoslav nationals cannot relinquish their citizenship without the consent of the Yugoslav Government.

Under article 45 of the Yugoslav law of September 6, 1929, concerning the organization of the Army and Navy, as amended by article 28 of the Yugoslav law of October 28, 1931, it is understood that persons born in Yugoslavia who departed from the Kingdom 5 years or more prior to recruitment and have been naturalized as citizens of the United States in their own right or through their parents, and who have passed the age of 25 years and have not been released from Yugoslav citizenship, will be permitted to visit Yugoslavia every 3 years for a period not exceeding 6 months without being compelled to perform military service in Yugoslavia, if they have regularized their status as provided in article 45. That article is understood to provide that

73

74

such persons may report to a Yugoslav diplomatic or consular officer in the United States when the military obligation falls due, or not later than the attainment of 25 years of age, and settle their obligations. Naturalized American citizens of Yugoslav origin are urgently advised to endeavor to regularize their status under Yugoslav law before beginning their journey to Yugoslavia and for that purpose to submit to the nearest Yugoslav diplomatic or consular officer in this country the following information: their own name and the surname of their father; birthplace, communal domicile, and military district to which they belong; day, month, and year of birth; date of departure from Yugoslavia; date of naturalization in the United States; and exact address in this country. They should be careful to request the diplomatic or consular officer to advise them in writing as to their status under article 45 of the law and whether they may visit Yugoslavia for the 6-month period without danger of molestation.

It is also understood that under article 31 of the Yugoslav nationality law of September 21, 1928, subjects of the Kingdom born in a foreign country and permanently residing there have the right to declare within 3 years after they have reached the age of 21 years that they decline nationality of the Kingdom if they prove that the foreign country in which they were born considers them as its citizens in accordance with its laws. However, by an order of June 22, 1937, of the Yugoslav Ministry of the Interior, persons coming within this category who did not decline

75

Yugoslav nationality in accordance with article 31 above referred to within 3 years after reaching the age of 21 years are given until December 22, 1939, to renounce Yugoslav nationality regardless of their age. Persons born in the United States of Yugoslav parents may make such declaration of renunciation of Yugoslav nationality before a Yugoslav diplomatic or consular officer in the United States. After thus divesting themselves of Yugoslav nationality such persons would not, of course, be subject to military liabilities in Yugoslavia but are subject thereto until released from Yugoslav nationality. It is understood that persons in this category who have not made and do not intend to make such declaration of renunciation of Yugoslav nationality will, nevertheless, under the provisions of article 45 of the Yugoslav law of September 6, 1929, as amended by article 28 of the law of October 28, 1931, be permitted to visit that country every 3 years for a period not exceeding 6 months without being compelled to perform military service in Yugoslavia if they have passed the age of 25 years and if before reaching that age they have regularized their status as provided in article 45; but before leaving the United States they should be careful to present their cases to a Yugoslav diplomatic or consular officer in this country and to obtain from him a statement in writing as to their status under article 45 of the Yugoslav law and whether they may reside in Yugoslavia for 6 months without danger of molestation.

Persons of the categories indicated above are advised to begin the regularization of their status

76

under article 45 or to take steps toward renun-
ciation of Yugoslav nationality under article 31
well in advance of their departure for Yugoslavia,
so that the competent Yugoslav diplomatic or con-
sular officials in the United States may communi-
cate, if the circumstances so require, with the
authorities in Yugoslavia.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,

February 1, 1941.

103 EAST 86TH STREET
NEW YORK

June 26, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75 St.
New York City.

Dear Dr. Zilboorg,

I wish to thank you for all your assistance to me in my
work and also for having made it possible for me to con-
trol with you.

I feel however that it is insadvisable to continue at this
time, so will not resume my weekly visit.

With regards,

Medical Meeting

Wednesday, June eleventh

8:00 to 10:00 P. M.

at

The Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital

111 North Forty-ninth Street

Symposium

on

Recent Advances in Psychiatry

by the Staff of
The Pennsylvania Hospital

Public Meeting and Reception

Thursday, June Twelfth

At the Department for Mental and Nervous Diseases

4401 Market Street

1:00-3:00 P.M. Inspection Tour and Exhibition

3:00-4:00 P.M. Addresses

1841... Dr. Earl D. Bond

1941... Dr. Edward A. Strecker

At the Institute—111 North Forty-ninth Street

4:00-6:00 P.M. Visit to the Laboratories and Exhibition

Reception on the Fourth Floor of the Institute

Kindly indicate at what time you expect to be present.

I will
will not be present for the medical meeting June 11th.

I will
will not be present for the inspection tour and addresses at the
Department June 12th.

I will
will not be present for the visit and reception at the Institute
June 12th.

Signed

Address

JOHN W. DAVIS
FRANK L. POLK
ALLEN WARDWELL
WILLIAM C. CANNON
HALL PARK MCCULLOUGH
J. HOWLAND AUCHINCLOSS
EDWIN S. SUNDERLAND
THEODORE KIENDL
MONTGOMERY B. ANGELL
OTIS T. BRADLEY
GEORGE A. BROWELL
WALTER D. FLETCHER
CARROLL H. BREWSTER
LEIGHTON H. COLEMAN
EDGAR G. CROSSMAN
RALPH M. CARSON
FREDERICK A. O. SCHWARTZ
MARION N. FISHER
PORTER R. CHANDLER
CHARLES M. SPOFFORD
EWEN CAMERON MAC VEAUGH
THOMAS O.G. FITZGIBBON

DAVIS POLK WARDWELL GARDINER & REED
(STETSON JENNINGS & RUSSELL)

15 BROAD STREET
NEW YORK

CABLE ADDRESS
STETSON

June 3, 1941.

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75th Street,
New York, N. Y.

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

As a Russian attorney associated
with this firm, I am assigned to get in touch with
some reliable persons of this City who had been in
Russia at the very end of 1917 and in the beginning of
1918, and who might know something of the financial con-
ditions prevailing in Petrograd and specifically of the
real value of the paper ruble in terms of American dol-
lars.

Mr. Albert Rhys Williams, an American
author of several books on Soviet Russia, has suggested
to me another day to get in touch with you on the assump-
tion that as a former member of the Kerensky Government
you should have been at that time in Petrograd, and be-
cause of your position, might have known of said value.

This suggestion has given me a hope that
as one of my countrymen you would be good enough to ar-
range an appointment for me at a time and place convenient
for you, to discuss said matter, which also will give me
the pleasure of meeting you personally, because I am my-
self a former Petrograder and still on friendly terms with
Mr. Kerensky, for whom you had acted, I am told, as Sec-
retary in 1917.

With my thanks for your attention to this
letter, I remain,

Yours very truly,

MJP-LS-1-3

NOTICE

Your application for a change of location or additional seats is on file.

It is customary at this time to acknowledge the receipt of all subscrip-
tion renewals. Reservation notice herewith indicates that your seats
of the past season are being held until your application is filled.

When seats such as are desired become available we will notify you.

Should you desire a change of location and we have an opportunity to
accommodate you after you have taken up the tickets indicated, we will
make an exchange of tickets.

THE PHILHARMONIC-SYMPHONY SOCIETY OF NEW YORK

Flora Pitt-Conrey

50 Park Avenue New York City

26 - 4-41

Gregory Zilboorg, M.D.
14 East 75th Street
New York City

Dear Doctor Zilboorg;

I am sure you have your hands more than full with mentally depressed people just now -- no doubt your camera is little used for that reason.

Going to homes to help with photographic work I found out how much people liked natural little studies taken without electric light etc. -- I have been quite successful in this work and would so like to show you some prints because I know that if you think them good you would mention my name to any one whom you might meet who was interested in photography.

I had a print in the P.P.A. show also at Pittsburgh.

Spoke over W.A.B.C. on photography -- told I was good.

Best wishes

Sincerely yours

November 7, 1941

Dr. Jayme Poggi,
Rua Almirante Gomes Pereira 72,
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil

Mon très cher collège:

Je ne saurais vous dire la reconnaissance
que j'éprouve toujours quand je pense à notre contact
si court toujours pendant mon séjour à Rio. C'était
un plaisir aussi vif que profond. Votre amitié
étincelante et sincère m'a bien touché et j'espère
qu'un jour je serais à même de vous en donner la
preuve reciproque.

Voudriez-vous m'écrites un jour puisqu'on
vient toujours conserver ses amies.

Meilleure compliment
et sentiments devoués,

page 2

August 4, 1941

Berlin, Budapest and Vienna. Upon Freud's invitation, I visited him each time I was in Vienna.

I had a large practise in New York and finally decided to give it up in order to write. In the process of my plans I lost the money which had made me free to consider them. But now they were rooted in my life. For a long time I tried to combine writing and at the same time earning my expenses. But I have reached a stage where I can no longer do that. The only responsibility possible now is one: to take daily what I have found a way of letting my material "ask for" from my Unconscious and by planting this blossom of the past in the earth of language make that ephemeral possibility live in the present.

For a double reason I presume to ask a two-years' subsidy to finish work already well along. Because it concerns Democracy a fuller understanding of, and belief in which is necessary to save our world. And because Psychoanalysis is the means used.

Grace Pollen

Grace Potter
15 Gramercy Park
New York City

TO THE NEW-BORN

Living object of Nature's art
May those who touch
Your perfect flesh
Mar no whit its faith
In womb-taught beauty.

May no alienate word or hand
Block the endless power
A million parents give
To your chosen use
Enrichment and delight.

May teaching ne'er ignore
Your right to forge
Sensate steel of your will
By search of your spirit
For the world you inherit.

May love itself leave you
Inviolate to find
The special laws of harmony
Nature's timeless art
Rhymes in each unique birth.

#

PREGNANT

Oh strange sweet the music
I hear with each pulse throb
Some violin wonder
Seems tuned in my breast.

What is this harmony
My glad body sings to
Why do my feet thrill
At each touch of the ground?

Every breath I inhale
Seems eternal made present
Is this I, seeing only
A world velvet and gold?

A glorious kiss
Of consummate meaning
I feel waking young hearts
In each cell of my being.

Some intricate beauty
Deep, tender, appealing
Is stirring the depths of me
Whispering - Life!

Life --- Life
Am I great then with child?
Oh my face to the blue sky
And to brown earth my heart.

#

BUTTERFIELD
8-0044

GREGORY ZILBOORG, M. D.

14 EAST SEVENTY-FIFTH STREET
NEW YORK CITY

April 28, 1941.

Public Service Interstate Transportation Co.
13th and Filbert Streets,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sirs:

I wish to buy a round-trip ticket from
Philadelphia to Atlantic City and to make a reser-
vation for one seat on the bus leaving Philadelphia
Sunday, May 4th, at 6:00 P. M. Eastern Standard Time
and a reservation for one seat on the bus returning from
Atlantic City on Monday, May 5th, at 10:00 P, M.
Eastern Standard Time. Enclosed is a check
for $1.80 to cover cost of the ticket. Will you
kindly make the reservations in the name of Dr.
Gregory Zilboorg and mail the ticket to him at the
above address by return mail? This will greatly
facilitate the trip he is making and he will
appreciate your service in this matter very much.

Enc.

April 28, 1941.

Dear Sirs:

I wish to buy a round-trip ticket from
Philadelphia to Atlantic City and to make a reser-
vation for one seat on the bus leaving Philadelphia
Sunday, May 4th, at 6:00 P. M. Eastern Standard Time
and a reservation for one seat on the bus returning from
Atlantic City on Monday, May 5th, at 10:00 P. M.
Eastern Standard Time. Enclosed is a check
for $1.80 to cover cost of the ticket. Will you
kindly make the reservations in the name of Dr.
Gregory Zilboerg and mail the ticket to him at the
above address by return mail? This will greatly
facilitate his trip he is making and he will
appreciate your service in this matter very much.

Yours sincerely,

Secretary

Enc.

MRS. MARGARET PULITIZER

11/30/41

(ENCLOSED IN COPY OF HISTORY OF MEDICINE PSYCHOLOGY)

Remembering our bargain I am sending you my book.
It's not as big as yours and not as well written, but
most probably it was as hard to write.

120 EAST END AVENUE

November 5, 1941

Dear Gregory,

Thanks so much for
sending me your new book. I am
looking forward to reading it with
the greatest pleasure.

Our bargain had entirely
slipped my mind, but I will immedi-
ately make amends by sending you a
copy of Reveille.

December 31, 1941

Dr. Thomas A. Ratliff,
925 Chamber of Commerce Building,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

Dear Tom:

Many thanks for forwarding to me
Forman's note to you. I appreciate more
than I can tell your reviewing my book
for the Ohio State Medical Journal. Wial
it be asking too much if I ask you to send
me a copy of the Journal when the review
appears?

How did the war news affect you?
We are in for a hard struggle, and I am
sure we will win. In the meantime there
is a great deal of strenuous work to do.

Happy New Year to you.

Cordially yours,

RAWLINGS MOTOR CO., INC.

TELEPHONE MOUNT KISCO 4111
MOUNT KISCO, N. Y.

FORD CARS AND TRUCKS

December 8, 1941.

Dr Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75th St.,
New York, N. Y.

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

I am sincerely obliged for your very good
letter of December 5th with your check enclosed.

I had thoroughly investigated the work done
after your Secretary called and can find no fault with the
bill as to the labor and materials. Our hourly rate for
labor is $2.00 an hour. I had authorized a smaller charge
to you in view of the amount of repairs and labor to be made
as the total hours involved were 90.4; this would have cost
you $180.80 at the $2.00 rate instead of $163.75 or a net
saving to you of $17.25. An approximate 10% discount.

As to the sudden failure of the speedometer
and carburetor, I can only say that if there had been any
failure indicated at the time of the repairing we would
have replaced or repaired same. It isn't logical that we
would have let this opportunity to make a fair profit on
these items pass, if, in our opinion they had been needed
at the time.

We have been Ford Dealers and Repairers since
1913 and have a good reputation for fairness and integrity
for more than 28 years. We cannot afford to do business
otherwise and will not. We do expect to make a fair profit
from our business, and will give the best possible service
at all times.

We honestly regret that you are not pleased,
and only hope that you will consider our difficulty in our
attempt to be mindful of your dollars as we are of our own.

We shall always be pleased to do our very
best for you.

Many thanks again for your good letter and
appreciated remittance.

Very truly yours,
Rawlings Motor Company, Inc.
By
President

JRR:m

December 5, 1941

Rawlings Motor Company, Inc.,
North Bedford Road,
Mount Kisco, New York.

Gentlemen:

I am writing you with regard to your bill
dated October, 1941. A short time ago I asked my
secretary to call you about the amount of the bill,
which seems to me exorbitant, and she was told that
the bill was correct.

Since you returned the car, the speedometer
and the carburetor have had to be overhauled. I cannot
understand why the need for this repair was not seen
when you went over the car so thoroughly. I hoped that
when the car was returned I would have no further
immediate trouble.

I am enclosing check in the amount of $223.56,
the total of your bill. I feel that I can no longer
afford to deal with you unless you feel you are able
to make some kind of adjustment of this amount. Should
you wish to do so, please return me the enclosed check
and I shall see that another is made out to your order
in the amount you suggest.

Yours sincerely,

Leo Reiss,
15 Fort Washington Ave.
New York City.
Tel. WAdesworth 7-6575

February 13th, 1941.

Dear Sir:

I had a talk with Mr. Henry Neumann from the Ethical Culture Society some days ago.

He suggested I should write to you as I am a friend of Professor Sigmund Freud's family.

I was born in Vienna; the families of my parents lived there for generations. I studied there law and economics, acted as teacher, later as attorney at law. Three of my sisters are teachers from profession. One of them was headmistress in Vienna. She was not only the teacher of Professor Freud's children but is also a close friend of the family. Anna wrote to me from London: "I cannot imagine my life without your sister."

When Hitler took Austria I was imprisoned. By the help of Anna Freud and her American pupil Dr. Walter Langer, consulting psychologist, 51 Brattle Street, Cambridge, Mass. I finally succeeded in getting to the United States.

I studied this winter-semester at Columbia University and am now looking for a post as teacher in economics. As minor subjects I could take German, drawing and painting. (I painted from my early youth, there were exhibitions of my works in Edinburgh and New York.)

I would only be too glad if you were interested in my case. If so, let me kindly know whether I should send you my life-story or whether you would grant me an interview.

["SERVICE AGREEMENT", "<table><tr><td>DATE</td><td>CUSTOMERS ORDER</td><td>SALES OFFICE</td><td>OFF. NO.</td><td>ORDER NO.</td></tr><tr><td>10/14/41</td><td></td><td>NYC</td><td>201</td><td>M---</td></tr></table>", "<table><tr><td>TO</td><td>Dr. Gregory Zilboorg</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ADDRESS</td><td>14 East 75th Street</td><td>SALESMAN</td><td>A O Anacreon</td><td>202-306</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>STATE</td><td>INSPECTOR</td><td>TIME</td><td>MIN:</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>New York</td><td>N. Y.</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>", "You are authorized to render mechanical service consisting of ordinary mechanical adjustments and furnishing of such parts as may be necessary to complete such adjustments for a period of ONE year (s), from October 1941, to the equipment listed below in consideration of which we will pay in advance $12.60", "Our company shall inspect, clean, oil and adjust the equipment voluntarily once in every Month months. Emergency parts between regular voluntary service to be made without charge to us.", "This agreement is made with the understanding that the equipment listed below is in good operating condition at the date hereof. It further understood that this service does not cover any of the following: (1) Shop overhaul; (2) Repairs made necessary due to accident, fire or water; (3) Abuse; (4) Burned out motors; (5) Ribbons and their application.\nThis agreement is subject to approval of Home Office.", "<table><thead><tr><th>MAKE</th><th>MODEL</th><th>SERIAL NO.</th><th>AMOUNT</th><th>MAKE</th><th>MODEL</th><th>SERIAL NO.</th><th>AMOUNT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>EMINGTON RAND INC.</td><td>#10</td><td>X462701</td><td>$12.60</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Reless</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td

August 14, 1941.

Remington, Rand, Inc.,
Library Service Division,
315 4th Ave.,
New York, N. Y.

Dear Sirs;

Enclosed is a card detached from a pad of fifty. I should like to order one thousand of these cards, if you have them in stock in this weight, size, and ruling. They need not necessarily be in pads; loose cards will suffice.

It will be necessary to have the cards at the above address by Monday, August 18th. Would you be kind enough to telephone me when you receive this letter and let me know all this is possible?

Thank you very much in advance for your services.

Enc.

Remington Rand Inc.

315 FOURTH AVE.

NEW YORK, N. Y.

STuyvesant 9-3500 April 15, 1941

QUOTATION

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
Miss Margaret N. Stone, Secretary
57 West 57th Street
New York, N. Y.

Dear Sir:

Confirming our recent conversation, we are pleased
to report the trade-in value of your Remington Noise-
less serial number X392374.

Towards the purchase of a new Remington Noiseless
Model 10 at $135.50 less your discount of 10%, we
will make an allowance of $24.00 for your machine,
or a net cost to you of $97.95.

The new Remington Noiseless is equipped with:

Uncial figures
Automatic keyset tabulator
Removable cylinder
Double lever card attachment

Considering the trade-in value of your typewriter,
it would be more economical at this time to trade
in, rather than maintain it.

We thank you for the opportunity of making this quo-
tation and we appreciate the interest you have shown.

Very truly yours,

REMINGTON TYPEWRITER DIVISION
Remington Rand Inc.

AOAnacreon
LB

WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
SAINT LOUIS

DEPARTMENT OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY
640 SOUTH KINGSHIGHWAY

January 22, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 East 75th Street
New York City

Dear Gregory:

Thank you very much for your reprint on the
intellectual immigrant. Both Margaret and I were impressed
with your understanding of the problem, and Margaret thought
the paper should be given wider circulation.

While we were in Boston during the Christmas
vacation a friend of Margaret's, Mrs. Edith Helman, who
teaches Spanish at Simmons College, told us of a paper
given at the Modern Languages Convention in which she
thought you would be interested. The paper was a discus-
sion of an article by F. GREGCH which appeared in 'La
revue blanche' 1895. The author describes a conversation
with another author, who on internal and external evidence
can be identified as Proust. Proust discussed in this
conversation his theories and his plan for his major
work. This seems to me to be further strong evidence
that Proust's concepts were developed entirely independently
of Freud.

Sorry we did not get to see you at the meetings
in New York at Christmas. Hope to do better another time.

As always,

R/s

LENNEN & MITCHELL, INC.
ADVERTISING

17 EAST 45TH STREET, NEW YORK

December 12, 1941

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

Thank you very much for your kind note of December 9th. It was indeed gratifying to learn that you think it possible to arrange to work with me.

However, Sunday's electrifying news and the subsequent events may have a far-reaching affect on my future plans. I was deferred from the draft last summer since I am over twenty-eight years of age. However, it looks now as though that deferment will be rescinded and my feeling at the moment is that rather than be drafted, I will enlist. Another possibility is that I will be required to go to Washington to work in one of the propaganda divisions.

In any case, the continuation of my residence in New York seems now very unlikely and I feel that it would not be sensible to enter into analysis at this time. When things are a little more certain, I will get in touch with you and perhaps then your schedule will be a little more flexible.

Thank you again for your kindness and patience with me.

WNR:cb

<table><thead><tr><th>CLASS OF SERVICE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>This is a full-rate Telegram or Cablegram unless its deferred character is indicated by a suitable symbol above or preceding the address.</td></tr></tbody></table>

WESTERN
UNION

1201

(53)

R. B. WHITE
PRESIDENT

NEWCOMB CARLTON
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

J. C. WILLEVER
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT

<table><thead><tr><th>SYMBOLS</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DL=Day Letter</td></tr><tr><td>NL=Night Letter</td></tr><tr><td>LC=Deferred Cable</td></tr><tr><td>NLT=Cable Night Letter</td></tr><tr><td>Ship Radiogram</td></tr></tbody></table>

The filing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day letters is STANDARD TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is STANDARD TIME at point of destination

.NBE296 8=CLEVELAND OHIO 17 530P

DR GREGORY ZILBOORG=

885 PARK AVE=

DELIGHTED TO SEE YOU SUNDAY SIX PM LOVE=

ARTUR.

101 JAN 17 1966 05

885 ARTUR SUNDAY SIX PM.

THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE

January 14 - 1941

Mr. Artur Rodzinski,
11001 Euclid Avenue,
Cleveland,
Ohio.

Dear Artur:

I wish this to reach you before you come to New York to see
me. It took me a great deal of serious thought before I decided to wire
and ask you to come here for a conference. It is impossible to discuss
in a letter the matter I have in mind, and I believe the whole thing is
important enough to be worth your while to lose a couple of days.

In brief the situation is this: Some of your friends have
been working for you steadily - and they have made no little headway. In
the meantime you have been working in Cleveland and doing well, and the
better the atmosphere you create in Cleveland the easier it becomes for us
here to work for you. However, it would be defeating your own purposes
if your relationship with the Judson office were permitted to go from bad
to worse. I happen to know that you have some friends there too. The
real point at issue - and the crucial one - is the adjustment, or the
straightening out, of this relationship. This is why I wired you. Since
I do it all on my own initiative because of my loyalty to you, I feel that
you for your part might also be willing to make some sacrifices and resolve
the whole problem in a practical and judicious way.

I look forward to seeing you Sunday at 6 p.m. at my home. Please
confirm your arrival by wire.

As ever yours,

WESTERN
UNION

1201

CLASS OF SERVICE

This is a full-rate
Telegram or Cable-
gram unless its de-
ferred character is in-
dicated by a suitable
symbol above or pre-
ceding the address.

R. B. WHITE
PRESIDENT

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The filing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day letters is STANDARD TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is STANDARD TIME at point of destination.

1941 JAN 4 AM 4 14

SD22 42 NT 2 EXTRA=PALMSPRINGS CALIF 3

DR GREGORY=ZILBOORG

885 PARK AVE NYK=

TIME MAGAZINE SAYS GIFTED GREEK MIGHT BE PERMANENTLY
EMPLOYED YOUR COLLECT WIRE INDICATING THE SHAPE OF
THINGS WILL BE GREATLY APPRECIATED STOP. BE ASSURED
THAT CONFIRMATION WILL NOT UPSET ME BUT WILL RELIEVE
THE SUSPENSION AND HELP THE READJUSTMENT CORDIALLY=
ARTUR RODZINSKI HOTEL DELTAHQUITZ.

WESTERN
UNION

1201

CLASS OF SERVICE

R. B. WHITE
PRESIDENT

SYMBOLS

DL = Day Letter

NL = Night Letter

LC = Deferred Cable

NLT = Cable Night Letter

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BE153

GREGORY ZILBOORG

14 EAST75 ST

YOUR TELEGRAM DATE TO ARTHUR RODZINSKI TRIED EL MIRADO HOTEL
OR DESERT INN PALMSPRINGS, CALIF. NOT AT ELMIRADO AND NOT
AT DESERT INN NOT EXPECTED.

WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH CO. EL 5 7851

December 30, 1941

Dr. May E. Romm,
Beverly Medical Building,
415 North Camen Drive,
Beverly Hills, California.

Dear Dr. Romm:

Many thanks for remembering me
this Christmas. I feel guilty, for I
failed to call you when you called me
last time from the Dorset. The trouble
is that I was in the midst of one of
those perennial troubles which the
political trickery of our society lives
on and when I got a breaking spell you
were already gone.

How are you? It would be nice
to hear from you.

With warmest wishes for the
coming year.

Yours cordially,

MAY E. ROMM, M. D.

415 NORTH CAMDEN DRIVE
BEVERLY HILLS, CALIF.

CRestview 56767

February 15, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 E. 75th St.
New York City

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

Two weeks ago a patient phoned my office and stated that he was referred to me by no other than yourself. When I saw him he told me that he asked Mrs Kaufman to get the name of a reputable psychiatrist in Los Angeles and you, to whom she turned for information, suggested my name. Many thanks for your kind thought of me.

After several members of the New York Psychoanalytic Society expressed regret at my transferring my membership to Topeka, I realized more than ever my emotional tie up with the New York group.

Looking forward to seeing you next May in Richmond.

MER:EC

MAY E. ROMM, M. D.

CRestview 56767

January 13, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 East Seventy-fifth St.
New York City

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

It was very kind of you to send me the note
with your good wishes. It is gratifying to me
that I shall be missed. My reason for not having
transferred my membership earlier, though I was
certain two years ago that California suited me,
was due to the fact that I felt badly about leav-
ing the New York Society and I clung to it as long
as I could.

May I urge you to visit the glorious west in
the near future. I, among others, will be glad to
see you.

MER:EC

ISRAEL STRAUSS, M. D.

116 WEST 59TH STREET
NEW YORK CITY

April 28, 1941

Dr. & Mrs. Paul Federn
239 Central Park West
New York, N. Y.

Dear Dr. & Mrs. Federn:

I hope that we are going to have the pleasure of seeing
you at our dinner dance on Tuesday, May 20th, 1941. The Society
of The Hillside Hospital is taking this opportunity of honoring
Henry Kaufmann and the Hon. Lucius N. Littauer. Through their
generous and important gifts, they have made the completion of
the new Hospital in Queens possible.

If you have not sent in your reservation, may we ask
you to do so very soon, for the evening will be a gay one with
good music - entertainment by nationally famed artists, _and no
solicitation of funds._

We are eager to have a large representation of those
interested in Hillside Hospital to show our esteem to our honored
guests.

Looking forward to seeing you on May 20th, I am

P.S. The Junior committee is sponsoring an after-dinner dance
starting at 10 P. M., subscription is $3. per couple.

Reservations may be made at the
Society's Office, 15 East 40th St.,
Lexington 2 - 7373.

RUSSIAN WAR RELIEF, INC.

THIRD FLOOR

535 FIFTH AVENUE

NEW YORK CITY

VANDERBILT 6-3203

December 10, 1941

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

A very striking 1942 Calendar has been designed to aid in raising funds for Russian War Relief.

We believe you will want to send these calendars to your friends as Christmas gifts. They are beautiful in themselves -- they will help in bringing our work to the attention of a larger public -- and they will mean more funds for urgently needed medical aid to the Russian people.

Thirteen of America's leading artists have contributed pictures for the calendar --George Biddle, William Gropper, Georges Schreiber, Adolph Dehn, Rockwell Kent, Ernest Fiene, John Sloan, Bobri, Wanda Gag, Lucille Corcos, Julian Levi, Edgar Levy, and William Steig.

The stunning cover design by Bobri is in four colors -- the twelve drawings for the months of the year in black and white. The calendar is seven by ten, bound in a colorful plastic so that it stands upright. Each calendar comes in an envelope ready for mailing.

The calendars will be ready the week of December 22nd, possibly a few days sooner, and can be secured in any quantity at fifty cents each. We shall be glad to mail them out for you if you will send us a list of names, or we shall deliver them directly to you. Please make all checks payable to Russian War Relief, Inc., 535 Fifth Avenue, New York City -- or telephone the Calendar Division, Vanderbilt 6-3203, at the same address.

We hope to have your orders as soon as possible, and shall give them our careful attention.

rg.

Full Information Filed with the
President's Committee on War Relief Agencies

303

Board of Directors

EDWARD C. CARTER, Chairman

C. C. BURLINGHAM

HON. JAMES BYRNE

DR. HENRY SLOANE COFFIN

JOHN C. COOPER

MAURICE P. DAVIDSON

BENJAMIN H. KIZER

DUNCAN LEE

RAYMOND ROBINS

DR. HENRY E. SIGERIST

VILHJALMUR STEFANSSON

JUDGE THOMAS D. THACHER

ALLEN WARDWELL

W. W. WAYMACK

HARRIET MOORE, Secretary

Honorary Auditors

BARROW, WADE, GUTHRIE & Co.

RUSSIAN WAR RELIEF, INC.

THIRD FLOOR

535 FIFTH AVENUE

NEW YORK CITY

VANDERBILT 6-3203

December
Third
1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 E. 75 Street
New York City

My dear Dr. Zilboorg:

We are delighted to hear from Dr. Foster Kennedy that you have agreed to accept a place on the Greater New York Physicians' Executive Committee, and to realize your appreciation of the importance of helping Russia in this time of the world's dire need. The agony is great, not only because people are suffering the destruction of war, but because their defense has had to resort to the "soorched earth" policy which means that the destruction of homes and the wealth of the land by the people themselves has added to the tragedy.

I am enclosing for your information the names of those who have similarly accepted committee membership. The officers of the committee are as follows: Dr. Tracy J. Putnam, Chairman, Dr. Eugene H. Poole, Co-Chairman, Dr. S. Bernard Wortis, Vice Chairman, and Dr. Eric Matsner, Secretary.

Your expression of support and cooperation is deeply appreciated.

PR:MW
Enc.

203

Board of Directors

RUSSIAN WAR RELIEF

Room 1203

56 WEST 45th STREET
NEW YORK, N. Y.

VA. 6-3497

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

EDWARD C. CARTER
Chairman
C. C. BURLINGHAM
HON. JAMES BYRNE
HENRY SLOANE COFFIN
JOHN C. COOPER, JR.
BENJAMIN H. KIZER
DUNCAN LEE
RAYMOND ROBINS
HENRY E. SIGERIST
VILHJALMUR STEFANSSON
JUDGE THOMAS D. THACHER
ALLEN WARDWELL
W. W. WAYMACK
HARRIET MOORE
Secretary

HONORARY AUDITORS

BARROW, WADE, GUTHRIE & CO.

September 12, 1941

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

Your remarks yesterday regarding the type of campaign that we should conduct have been very much in my mind.

Your approach seems to me to be a most healthy one from every point of view. It appeals to the most positive and healthy impulses of those whom we approach for a contribution. It also makes fund raising for Russian Relief a functional thing. Fund raising from this point of view would be an investment on the part of people in other human beings who have demonstrated their determination and their capacity to retain their independence - and identity. This, it seems to me, would be the basis of what you call human dignity.

I feel that it would be very helpful if you would write us a statement on the approach that you feel should be used in the campaign, and, in accordance with your request, I am writing you a few specific questions on which we would like to have your comments.

In what way can the Russian War Relief organization and its campaign be different in terms of approach or function than other similar organizations?

Realizing that we want to reach the broadest possible group of people what do you feel is the common denominator or point of agreement where we could best reach this broad group of people in conducting the campaign for contributions?

Do you have any specific suggestions as to how the approach that you suggest might be carried through?

RUSSIAN WAR RELIEF, INC.

THIRD FLOOR

535 FIFTH AVENUE

NEW YORK CITY

VANDERBILT 6-3203

November 22, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 E. 75th St.,
New York City

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

I am sure you will want to participate in this great American effort to aid Russian War Relief by joining me, together with some twenty of our colleagues, as a member of the Physicians' Executive Committee. The initial Organizational Meeting is to be held at the Academy of Medicine - 2 East 103 Street, Thursday, November 27th at 4:30 PM.

Physicians in New York have already responded magnificently to the appeal of Russian War Relief and committees have been set up in many hospitals and medical schools. There is a great need, however, for the activities of these committees to be coordinated by a responsible group of physicians, and we want you to be a member of such an Executive Committee.

The sponsors of the New York Committee for Russian War Relief, Inc., include among others: Dr. Haven Emerson, Dr. John E. Jennings, Dr. Tracy J. Putnam and Dr. Florence Sabin. In accepting sponsorship, Dr. Frank H. Lahey wrote: "Best wishes for the success of Russian War Relief. A defense so valiantly and courageously conducted could not fail to stimulate a wish to lend every aid and support to this deserving undertaking."

Physicians, particularly, realize the tremendous need for medical and surgical supplies both for the fighting forces and the thousands of homeless and destitute civilians. The "scorched earth" policy which has characterized the magnificent resistance of the Russian people has intensified this need for non-military assistance.

I most certainly hope we may count on you as a member of this important committee and shall look forward to seeing you Thursday. Please fill out and return the enclosed card.

303

Board of Directors

EDWARD C. CARTER, Chairman

C. C. BURLINGHAM

HON. JAMES BYRNE

DR. HENRY SLOANE COFFIN

JOHN C. COOPER

MAURICE P. DAVIDSON

BENJAMIN H. KIZER

DUNCAN LEE

RAYMOND ROBINS

DR. HENRY E. SIGERIST

VILMIJALMUR STEFANSSON

JUDGE THOMAS D. THACHER

ALLEN WARDWELL

W. W. WAYMACK

HARRIET MOORE, Secretary

Honorary Auditors

BARROW, WADE, GUTHRIE & Co.

MEDICAL AID TO RUSSIA

Preparatory Organization

Room 1006

VA. 6-1796

PREPARATORY COMMITTEE

EDWARD C. CARTER
Chairman

JOSEPH BARNES

C. C. BURLINGHAM

F. W. GEHLE

HENRY E. SIGERIST

VILHJALMUR STEFANSSON

JUDGE THOMAS D. THACHER

HARRIET MOORE
Secretary

September 11, 1941

HONORARY AUDITORS

BARROW, WADE, GUTHRIE & CO.

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

Following the announcement of our effort to raise funds for medical aid to the Soviet Union, we have heard that it is desirable also to send bundles, food concentrates, and other supplies to relieve the civilian population. For this reason it has seemed wise to broaden the title of our committee to Russian War Relief, Inc. We are, therefore, being incorporated under this new name with the follow-in as The Board of Directors.

Benjamin H. Kizer

Raymond Robins

Thomas D. Thacher

Allen Wardwell

Henry Sloane Coffin

r. Henry E. Sigerist

Harriet Moore

Edward C. Carter

James Byrne

Charles Burlingham

John C. Cooper, Jr.

Vilhjalmur Stefansson

W. W. Waymack

We trust that this change in title will meet with your approval and that you will wish to endorse the effort of the permanent committee under this name.

ECC:ms

412

MEETING OF THE NEW YORK COMMITTEE
FOR RUSSIAN WAR RELIEF

October 2, 1941, 5:30 P.M.

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel

Present:
Dr. Eric M. Matsner
Mr. Paul Draper
Mrs. Boughton Cobb
Mrs. Edward C. Carter
Mrs. Louis Gimbel, Jr.
Miss Margaret L. Eves
Mr. William Watts
Mrs. Gertrude Nillson

Announcement regarding the formation of the Committee: Dr. Matsner reported that 42 people had accepted sponsorship in the New York area. The National Committee has urged the endorsers and sponsors in the local areas to be active with their city committees. Dr. Matsner explained that in order to facilitate work in the New York Committee he had been asked by the National Committee to serve as temporary Chairman, and that Miss Eves had been asked to serve as Secretary of the Committee. He explained that it was the policy of the National Committee to request local committees to organize themselves and to apply for affiliation with the National group.

It was suggested that the temporary officers of the New York Committee continue until such time as the Committee was enlarged and prepared to select a permanent chairman.

Dr. Matsner explained the purpose of the New York Committee: to raise money which would be turned over to the National Committee for the purchasing of supplies to be sent to Russia. He pointed out that it is the policy of the National Committee that all funds be turned in to the National Committee which would in turn reimburse local committees for their campaign expenses.

Dr. Matsner reported that negotiations had been made by the National Committee for the purchase of supplies and that the purchasing program was entirely constructive and without waste.

The Committee urged the closest cooperation, both in the campaign and in the purchasing, with United China Relief, and British War Relief.

Report on Work in New York: Miss Eves reported that most of the people approached for sponsorship had responded immediately and warmly and that the need for aid to Russia was generally recognized. She read to the Committee a letter from the Anglo-Russian Parliamentary Committee reporting a figt of 70,000 pounds for Russian relief from the British Federation of Minors. This letter also reported the organization of a National Russian War Relief in Great Britain. The letter was received enthusiastically as a challenge to the New York Committee, and it was recommended that it be given wide-spread publicity.

Miss Eves reported that various groups in New York had approached the Committee for permission to embark on fund-raising campaigns. These committees will request affiliation with the New York Committee as soon as it has completed its negotiations with Russian War Relief, Inc. One committee expects to raise $4,000 at a meeting on October 12. Other groups anticipate raising funds to be contributed on October 27 at the Madison

page 2 - New York Committee Minutes of October 2

Square Garden Meeting. Those groups include two committees of hospital staff doctors, a group of doctors wishing to form a physician's committee for New York City, an upper west side Manhattan group of doctors, and ministers, a similar group on the lower west side, a committee in Westchester, a social workers' group. An Armonian V Committee is already established independently and is requesting affiliation with the New York Committee.

Miss Evos also reported that there was considerable activity in regard to the formation of knitting clubs. Mrs. Simkhovich is interested in a knitting club at Greenwich House, and some of the ministers have suggested knitting clubs in their church. It was pointed out that in some instances those activities would be in conjunction with similar activities of the British War Relief. Miss Evos urged that those groups be given the support and publicity which they need.

It was reported that a Woman's Division was formed with Mrs. Carter as Chairman and that Mrs. Carter would give a report to the Committee.

It was reported that about a month ago the National Committee had arranged for a meeting to be held at Madison Square Garden on October 27, the only available date before January 1, and had already arranged for a very interesting program for that evening. It was recommended that the New York Committee utilize this opportunity to launch the campaign in New York by making the Garden meeting a very successful affair.

Miss Evos explained the formal actions necessary for the purpose of establishing a New York Committee, and recommended that three resolutions be adopted at this meeting. Those were as follows:

RESOLVED, That this Committee shall be called the New York Committee for Russian War Relief.

FURTHER RESOLVED, That the purpose of the Committee shall be to solicit by all legitimate means and collect funds and contributions, including contributions in kind of suitable goods and merchandise, and to transmit the same to Russian War Relief, Inc., a charitable corporation organized and existing under the Membership Corporations Law of the State of New York to be devoted by it to its authorized corporate purposes.

## RESOLUTION II

RESOLVED, That the New York Committee for Russian War Relief request affiliation with Russian War Relief, Inc. as a branch thereof, to operate in the city of New York.

FURTHER RESOLVED, That the Chairman and Secretary be, and they hereby are, authorized and directed for and on behalf of the Committee to negotiate with the proper officers of Russian War Relief, Inc. for the affiliation and recognition of this Committee as such branch of Russian War Relief, Inc. upon such terms as they may deem advisable.

page 3 - Now York Committee Meeting Minutes

RESOLUTION III

RESOLVED, That the Secretary be and she hereby is authorized and directed for and on behalf of this Committee to make any and all applications to the Department of Welfare of the City of New York for such licenses as may be necessary for solicitation of contributions by this Committee and for the carrying on of its other charitable activities in the city of New York.

Therupon, on motion duly made, seconded and carried, the foregoing resolutions were unanimously adopted.

Mrs. Carter reported that the Woman's Division had 25 members, that two meetings had been held, the third scheduled for October 3. The Committee had been working on additions to its membership and on plans for the Madison Square Garden Meeting, particularly in regard to selling box seats, and reserved seats from $2.20 and up. The Committee had also been working on a plan for a reception for the sponsors and Madison Square Garden entertainers to be held just before the Garden meeting.

The Woman's Division initiated a new Committee of young people with Mr. Paul Draper as Chairman.

Suggestions for fund-raising events: A benefit performance for Anne of England has been promised by Mr. Gilbert Miller. Mr. Robert Kitain, a Russian violinist has offered a benefit tour. It was suggested that we investigate the possibility of having an Army-Navy football game, a joint benefit for British War Relief, United China Relief, and Russian War Relief. Suggestion was made for a costume ball to be held during the holiday season. Mr. Draper suggested that Night Clubs might be approached to turn over a certain percentage of proceeds on certain evenings.

Report on Madison Square Garden Meeting: Mr. Watts, stage manager on the Production Staff of the Madison Square Garden Meeting, described the program in detail including the setting, decorations, etc. The program as described is novel in presentation and includes a chorus of British children and one of French children. Speakers of the evening include Walter Duranty, and Frank Lloyd Wright, Vice President Wallace has also been invited to speak. Mr. Paul Draper will dance, and other invited artists include Katherine Cornell, May Wobster, Paul Muni, Charles Chaplin, Fred Allen, and Dinah Shore. Orson Welles has been invited to give the collection speech, and Ira Gershwin is writing a song which will be introduced at this meeting.

The Committee congratulated Mr. Watts on the splendid work done and it was felt that this program would mean a great deal toward a successful campaign.

It was decided that the Committee would meet Wednesday, October 8, at 5:00 PM, at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Mr. Draper invited the Committee to meet in his apartment there.

There being no further business, the meeting adjourned at 7:30 P.M.

Secretary

RUSSIAN WAR RELIEF, Inc.

Room 1203

VA. 6-3497

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

EDWARD C. CARTER
Chairman

C. C. BURLINGHAM

HON. JAMES BYRNE

HENRY SLOANE COFFIN

JOHN C. COOPER

BENJAMIN H. KIZER

DUNCAN LEE

RAYMOND ROBINS

HENRY E. SIGERIST

VILHJALMUR STEFANSSON

JUDGE THOMAS D. THACHER

ALLEN WARDWELL

W. W. WAYMACK

HARRIET MOORE
Secretary

HONORARY AUDITORS

BARROW, WADE, GUTHRIE & CO.

September 20, 1941

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

A meeting of the New York Committee for Russian War Relief is being held on Wednesday, September 24th, at Essex House, 160 Central Park South, in Room 214, at 5:30 P.M.

This is the first meeting of the New York Committee and we would like very much for everybody to be present. The meeting will include a discussion of the following: the policy for the New York Committee, enlarging the sponsoring committee, and plans for launching the campaign in New York.

I hope that you will be able to attend.

T

RUSSIAN WAR RELIEF, INC.

THIRD FLOOR

535 FIFTH AVENUE

NEW YORK CITY

VANDERBILT 6-3203

October 18, 1941

To: The Sponsors of Russian War Relief, Inc.

From: Edward C. Carter, Chairman of the Board of Directors.

This is the first opportunity I have had to thank some of you personally for your endorsement of Russian War Relief, Inc. Since I wish to express this appreciation to all the sponsors of our organization, I am writing to you in order to be sure that I have overlooked no one.

Russian War Relief, Inc., as you undoubtedly know, is a humanitarian effort, created by Americans to assist the suffering people in Russia with medical supplies and other creature needs during their struggle against Hitler's forces. The organization was conceived entirely as a humanitarian effort and we are unalterably committed to a relief program, transcending all political implications.

Our attention has been called to some adverse criticism of Russian War Relief as a possible instrument for activities beyond our intention. In order to reassure all our friends, and particularly our sponsors, I want to say that at no time has Russian War Relief gone beyond its relief program, nor will it ever go beyond this program.

The magnificent body of Americans who have responded to our request for sponsorship, is testimony of the overwhelming desire of the American people to send to Russia all possible medical and civilian aid, and gives Russian War Relief a status which cannot be shaken by any sort of political attack.

May I thank you again for your interest and help in sponsoring Russian War Relief, Inc.

Full Information Filed with the ECC:MA
President's Committee on War Relief Agencies

203

Board of Directors

EDWARD C. CARTER, Chairman

C. C. BURLINGHAM

HON. JAMES BYRNE

DR. HENRY SLOANE COFFIN

JOHN C. COOPER

MAURICE P. DAVIDSON

BENJAMIN H. KIZER

DUNCAN LEE

RAYMOND ROBINS

DR. HENRY E. SIGERIST

VILHJALMUR STEFANSSON

JUDGE THOMAS D. THACHER

ALLEN WARDWELL

W. W. WAYMACK

HARRIET MOORE, Secretary

Honorary Auditors

BARROW, WADE, GUTHRIE & CO.