II. 11 Feb 72

ALBANIA

B1

NIXON REPORT TO CONGRESS AIMED AT RETAINING PRESIDENCY

ATA Report

Tirana ATA International Service in English 0900 GMT 11 Feb 72 L

[Text] Tirana, February 11 (ATA) The news agencies announced that the President of the USA, Nixon, presented to the Congress a report of 236 pages about "the foreign policy of the United States". He analyzed in it the policy pursued so far by his government towards the "partners" and Western "allies", the policy of collaboration with the Soviet social-imperialists and the coordination of their policies in various areas of the world, the division of the world into spheres of influence between them, the policy of the aggressive war pursued by U.S. imperialism against the peoples of Indochina, the Arab peoples and the peoples of other countries of the world etc.

The time chosen by Nixon to present this voluminous report to the Congress is linked by the observers with the efforts he is making to ensure the future mandate for the presidential post which would ensure to him the continuation of the aggressive policy on the international plane and of the essentially anti-popular policy [words indistinct].

As pointed out by the U.S. press, in the very first chapter of this report where he analyzes the relation of the United States with its Western "partners", it clearly comes out that we have not in the least to do with any "wonderful progress", but with the acceptance of reality, of the challenge made to Washington by its Western "partners" in the political and military fields and especially in the economic one.

Nixon admitted with sorrow that the United States had no more the dominating role it had played during the post-war period, and he added that "in the fold of the Atlantic alliance there have been raised new political and economic problems", that "this change means an end of the American tutelage and of the time of automatic unity", etc.

Despite this, also this time Nixon did not fail to promise to the U.S. monopolies and financial capital the continuation of the heretofore course of from the "positions of strength", of the course of dictate and continous pressures on the Western "partners", so that in various forms, in the future, they should submit to the political, military and economic control of Washington. He openly announced the aim of his government that in the future, too, "will increase and strengthen the military potential of the aggressive bloc of North Atlantic", the main base of which is made up of the American nuclear forces, their numerous military bases and the American military forces stationed in various countries of Western Europe. He clearly underlined that in pursuing the foreign policy "the American strength is indispensable."

In his report on the United States foreign policy, as it was expected, Nixon paid a special attention to the relations with the Soviet Union and remarked that during the year 1971 which marked the "thaw of the two poles", there has been made progress in the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union as well concerning bilateral problems as also international problems. Precisely in the framework of this "thaw of the two poles" he called on his Moscow colleagues to "complete the work concerning the problems in suspense on the threshold of a final decision", to "create a political framework to examine the outstanding problems", with a view to carry further their imperialist-revisionist bargainings, their counterrevolutionary alliance.

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He called on them also for new agreements in direction of the increase and strengthening of nuclear monopoly, for the reaching of a basic agreement to ensure each other in the military field and for a closer collaboration concerning the other international problems as is, for example, the problem of the Middle East and that of Indochina, where both U.S. imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism are striving to safeguard their political-strategic interests and to impose their domination of those peoples.

In his report, Nixon, in his already known demagogical style, raised high his so-called 8-point plan for the "solution" of the problem of Indochina. The fact that in this new plan of Nixon's they insist on safeguarding the military bases in various countries of Indochina, the fact that U.S. imperialism does not give up its further military and economic aid to the puppet regimes, that it refuses to withdraw from there its military technique and various military installations, etc., show that the so-called "new" plan of Nixon's is nothing else but a new packing of his bankrupt war "Vietnamization" doctrine which, as is known, aims to perpetuate the American domination in that area of the world. It is known that precisely for this, the plan has been rejected by the peoples of Indochina as well as by the world public opinion.

Dealing with the Middle East problem, as the observers point out, Nixon once more reiterated his government's determination to support and aid the Israeli aggressors in the future, too. Bearing in mind the visits being made to the United States at present by the war minister and the finance minister of Israel, Nixon clearly (?underlined) that he intends to adopt measures in the future for the increase of the military potential of an offensive character of the Israeli aggressors, inciting the latter to undertake new aggressive wars against the Arab countries.

### Thimi Collaku Commentary

Tirana Domestic Service in Albanian 1918 GMT 10 Feb 72 A

[Thimi Collaku commentary: "Nixon's Difficulties"]

[Text] Yesterday the U.S. President appeared again at the Capital with a 236-page report on U.S. foreign policy. This is the fifth time within 3 weeks that Nixon has appeared before the public with messages, reports and various plans and projects related to U.S. foreign policy in one way or another. He opened this extensive campaign with a press conference, followed by the State of the Union message, the draft fiscal budget for 1973, the 8-point plan for peace in Vietnam and his message on economic affairs addressed to Congress on 27 January.

Obviously Nixon has been compelled to make frequent appearances on the political scene within a very short time. He has not done this without reason. Nixon has embarked on a presidential election campaign and is trying to retain the presidency at all costs. During his administration, successive failures have been inseparably connected with the United States in all fields. Since Nixon's entry into the White House the economic crisis, especially the financial crisis, has worsened and led to the devaluation of the dollar. Thus the foundation of the monetary system, which was created with so much hardship 3 decades ago, has been destroyed once and for all. This system, which has constituted one of the principal foundations of U.S. hegemony, has now entered the road of complete disintegration and degeneration.

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The greatest failures, however, have been noted particularly in the field of foreign policy. As a result of the expansion of the revolutionary and national liberation struggle throughout the world and the exacerbation of class and interimperialist contradictions, U.S. imperialism has lost its absolute supremacy over its partners. Nixon was also compelled to admit this in his report yesterday. Nixon stressed that the domineering role played by the United States during the postwar period is a thing of the past, and that new political and economic problems have occurred in the ranks of the Atlantic alliance. This change, Nixon noted, means an end to U.S. tutelage, the time of automatic unity and so forth. This is the reason that in the stream of messages and reports poured out by Nixon in the past few days the principal place is occupied by the formulation of a new foreign policy designed to preserve Uncle Sam's estate at a time when the U.S. star has passed its zenith.

For this purpose, in the State of the Union message, as in his report yesterday, the U.S. President formulated the continuation of the existing policy on the position of strength, the policy of continual diktat and pressure over its Western partners under various forms so that they will continue to submit to Washington's political, military and economic control in the future. Nixon has openly proclaimed his administration's future intention to increase and strengthen the military potential of the aggressive NATO, which is primarily based on the U.S. nuclear forces and its many military bases and troops stationed in various countries of Western Europe. Nixon clearly pointed out that U.S. strength is essential for the U.S. foreign policy.

The policy of partnership and multilateral cooperation with the Khrushchevites revisionists serves this very purpose. In his report, Nixon devoted attention to this policy. This is why Nixon called on his Moscow colleagues to complete work on unresolved problems (?in the form of a final) decision. Nixon said they should create a political body to examine unresolved problems. Nixon also called for new agreements designed to consolidate the nuclear monopoly and to reach a basic agreement on reciprocal security in the military field. Nixon's intention is clear: to strengthen the Soviet-U.S. alliance as a means of suppressing the peoples and to share the world map between the two superpowers. It is not by accident that Nixon called on his Moscow partners for closer cooperation in suppressing the liberation struggle in Indochina and the Middle East, where the interests of the two superpowers are directly threatened.

The core of Nixon's new report is designed to expand the notorious Guam Doctrine throughout the world. Through this doctrine, the White House wants to continue playing the role of international arbiter by mobilizing all the material and above all human resources of world reaction in the service of U.S. hegemony. But in the present contradiction-filled world, when the peoples have risen against oppression and exploitation, Nixon's plans are just so many daydreams.

YOUTH UNION RELIEVES CENTRAL COMMITTEE FIRST SECRETARY

Tirana Domestic Service in Albanian 1900 GMT 10 Feb 72 A

[Text] The Central Committee of the Union of Working Youth of Albania held a plenum today, Comrade Hysni Kapo, Politburo member and secretary of the AWP Central Committee, was also present. The plenum decided to relieve Comrade Agim Mero as first secretary of the Central Committee of the Union of Working Youth of Albania, as he is being posted to other duties. It elected Comrade Rudi Monari first secretary of the Central Committee of the Union of Working Youth of Albania.

IV. 11 Feb 72

NORTH KOREA

D 1

KCNA SCORES NIXON'S FOREIGN POLICY MESSAGE

Pyongyang KCNA International Service in English 0434 GMT 11 Feb 72 B

[Text] Pyongyang February eleventh (KCNA) -- Nixon, the notorious boss of war, submitted to Congress February 9 a "foreign policy message" giving an outline of the direction of this year's aggressive foreign policy of U.S. imperialism.

In this unusually long message Nixon the rascal revealed to the full the invariable insidious intention of U.S. imperialism to reverse by "strength" behind the smokescreen of "peace" the trend of the times daily developing to its disadvantage in Asia and the rest of the world.

Comrade Kim Il-song, the great leader of the revolution, taught as follows: "U.S. imperialism still remains the chieftain of imperialism and its aggressive nature has not changed in the least. Whenever the imperialists get into hot water, they usually perpetrate crafty acts of aggression and war under the signboard of 'peace'".

The "foreign policy message" put forth by Nixon the rascal at a time when U.S. imperialism is sinking deeper into the bog than ever is, in a nutshell, a vicious war document of U.S. imperialism intended to hoodwink the world people with the veil of "peace" and resort to more crafty schemes of aggression and war.

Nixon, the crafty and sly rascal, croaked in the "message" that 1972 will be a so-called watershed towards peace and blew the trumpet that the United States will maintain "balance of forces" with big countries to build an edifice of peace and strengthen "cooperative relations" with the "allies," opening "a new page of history".

The outbursts of Nixon the rascal on the so-called "balance of forces" and "cooperative relations" showed in all its nakedness the sinister scheme of his clique to shun confrontation with the big countries and seek temporary "reconciliation" with them and to destroy one by one small and divided revolutionary socialist countries and national liberation forces by whipping together all the imperialist aggressor forces and reactionary forces bound to the war chariot of U.S. imperialism.

To get rid of the unprecedented international isolation of U.S. imperialism and ease to the utmost all "eccentric power" functions tending to get away from its influence and to knock together as far as possible all the counter-revolutionary forces that can be rallied and press ahead with the plan of world supremacy by propping up the rapidly crumbling system of aggression--this is the main content running through the "foreign policy message" of Nixon the rascal.

This sinister scheme of the Nixon clique finds concentric manifestation in the "new Asia policy" of U.S. imperialism which is the main point of the "message".

In the "message" Nixon raved that the aggressive military "treaties" the U.S. imperialists signed with the Asian satellites and puppets such as South Korea, Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines are the foundation of security in this region and stated that the United States will keep in this region U.S. troops enough to fulfill those commitments in the future.

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The rascal blared without hesitation that his clique would further strengthen mutual dependence in Japan-U.S. relations as it is "indispensable" to realizing their design of Asian aggression to strengthen "friendship and cooperation" with Japan, a most important "ally" of the United States in Asia.

This bespeaks, in the final analysis, that the U.S. imperialists are trying to expand and strengthen the aggression and war adventures against the revolutionary countries and peoples in Asia by further intensifying compact and collusion with the revived and rearmed Japanese militarist aggressor forces in particular, keeping huge aggression armed forces in Asia under the cloak of the notorious "Nixon doctrine".

The main spearhead of these adventurous manoeuvres of the beasts is directed against our country.

In the "message" Nixon openly revealed the vicious scheme to maintain the U.S. imperialist aggressor armed forces in South Korea and ignite a new war of aggression in Korea by putting greater spurs to the military assistance to the Pak Chong-hui puppet clique under the name of the "modernization" of the South Korean puppet army.

Thus the U.S. imperialists are foolishly dreaming of hampering the peaceful reunification of Korea at any cost, permanently occupying South Korea and, furthermore, swallowing up the whole of Korea.

All these facts clearly indicate that the U.S. imperialists headed by Nixon will make more desperate efforts, stooping to any infamy, to achieve their aggressive aim in Asia and the rest of the world by persistently sticking to the "Nixon doctrine" which is fated to go bankrupt.

Nixon's "foreign policy message" enables the world revolutionary people to clearly see through the aggressive nature of U.S. imperialism wearing the mask of "peace" and demands of them to vehemently smash all the schemes of U.S. imperialism through an uncompromising, staunch struggle, not harbouring any illusion about it.

## DELEGATIONS DEPART FOR VISITS TO CUBA, ROMANIA

### Pak Song-Chol Delegation

Pyongyang KCNA International Service in English 1613 GMT 10 Feb 72 B

[Text] Pyongyang February tenth (KCNA)--A government delegation of our country headed by Comrade Pak Song-chol, second vice-premier of the Cabinet, left Pyongyang this morning by special plane for a visit to the Republic of Cuba.

The delegation was seen off at the airport by Comrades Kim Tong-kyu, So Chol, Kim Chung-nin, Yon Hyong-muk, Choe Yong-chin and Hong Won-kil; and ministers of the Cabinet and other personages concerned.

It was also seen off by N.G. Sudarikov, ambassador of the Soviet Union; Tadeusz Bialkowski, ambassador of the Polish People's Republic; Sebestyen Jeno, ambassador of the Hungarian People's Republic; and Juan B. Domech Valdes Cataneo, charge d'affaires ad interim of the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Pyongyang.

...Western Europe, p. 2 Asia, Latin America, p. 11 Communist Countries, p. 17

PRESIDENT'S FOREIGN POLICY REPORT - II

Summary

Second-day foreign media comment on President Nixon's annual report on
foreign policy sustained a predominantly favorable tone.

His press conference remarks yesterday on his trip to Peking helped to focus attention on aspects of the report dealing with big-power relations, but did not in themselves draw substantive comment.

Writers and broadcasters appraising the over-all import of the message generally regarded it as comprehensive and realistic.

Most commentators, however, dealt with passages of regional or national concern:

--Western European observers said Europe now would have to work harder to achieve economic and defense goals in order "to play a world role as a partner of American power" (Le Monde, Paris).

--East Asian commentators were concerned about U.S. defense commitments in the light of the approach to China. Asahi of Tokyo said a Sino-American dialogue "will have immeasurable effects on Asia and the world."

--On the Asian subcontinent, the *National Herald* of New Delhi found Mr. Nixon "unrepentant but ready for a dialogue with India." *Azad* of Dacca said Mr. Nixon's policy was "erroneous."

--Latin American treatment reflected uneasiness and uncertainty. The *Buenos Aires Herald* said U.S. policy was "evasive at a time when the Hemisphere is not shouting 'Yankee go home' but asking Uncle Sam to help by buying a little more."

Soviet media attacked the report on three principal subjects--the Middle East, Indochina and U.S. defense policy and disarmament. Peking has not mentioned the message.

*

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Paris: "Invites Malraux to Discuss China"

The state-run French radio reported this morning that Mr. Nixon, "actively
preparing his visit to China, found Andre Malraux's 'Anti-Memoires' very
enlightening and has invited him to the White House."

Paris-based commercial Europe One radio said the President told his press
conference "that he would receive Malraux before his trip to China...and
that he would make no more concessions on Vietnam."

The big headline in the early edition of this afternoon's *France-Soir* read:
"Ten Days Before His Trip to Peking, Nixon Invites Malraux to Discuss China."

TV: "A Turning From Cold War"

The President's foreign policy statement received considerable attention on
both French TV networks yesterday. A New York correspondent said the
problem was "to reach November without being poisoned by the Vietnam issue,"
which "needs to be put on the back burner." He referred to President Nixon's
new world policy as a "turning" after 25 years of cold war.

"Nixon Sees Partnership Role for Europe"

Elite *Le Monde* of Paris yesterday afternoon gave major play to the Nixon
message, using correspondent's reports, excerpts and analyses. In an
editorial, "The World Seen From Washington," it said:

"The very fact that... the U.S. President expounds in detail every year on 'The State of the World' in a bulky document... attests that the 'Nixon Doctrine' is no doctrine of withdrawal....

"Having said this, while one can question the extent of
the American conversion announced by Mr. Nixon, one
cannot fail to recognize the sincerity of the effort in
diplomatic and military readjustment carried out under
his leadership....

"For Mr. Nixon, there are only three areas in which the U.S. is relieved to be able to rid itself of the 'tutelage' --to use the President's word--that it had been exercising more or less happily: Europe, Latin America and Africa. In these three areas, what is intended is less disengagement than retreat, allowing cooperation to begin on a new basis, in particular with Europe, which the President wishes to see play a world role as a partner of American power, once it finds its 'identity.'"

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London: News Play for Press Conference

The independent *Times* of London today reported the press conference under the heading, "Mr. Nixon Expecting Long Detailed Talks in Peking." There was no editorial comment on it.

The independent weekly *Economist*, out today, had this to say about the foreign policy report:

> "It would be asking too much to expect the Administration to refrain from using the foreign policy message to send signals to foreign powers.... The report is replete with such signals. Mr. Nixon, since he wants to be re-elected... and wants to be thought of as a success, would also like his foreign policy achievements to look good."

BBC: "To China Without Illusions"

BBC radio correspondent Geoffrey Blyth underlined Mr. Nixon's warning not to expect too much from his Peking visit and pointed out that the President was going to China "without illusions."

In a radio interview, Courtney Sheldon of the *Christian Science Monitor* said of U.S.-Peking relations:

> "There's always the possibility of a snag or a sour voice but I think there is genuine interest on the part of both sides to have a natural relationship. It might work out to the advantage of China more than to U.S."

On the same program, Francois Duchene of the International Institute of Strategic Studies asserted that "it is terribly important for Nixon to succeed in the strategic arms limitation talks when he goes to Moscow in May. From his point of view it might be make or break..."

No. 20

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2/11/72

Rome TV: "End of American Tutelage"

Italian TV last night noted that in his foreign policy report Mr. Nixon "said that a new European identity will emerge, and this means the end of American tutelage and of... automatic unity."

"Today in Paris, Pompidou and Brandt during one of their periodic meetings... agreed that priority must be given to the speeding up of the process of economic and monetary union of Europe, at the end of which Europe will be a totally different entity. In toasts, President Pompidou stressed that Europe must decide its own future independent of America."

West German TV: "Atlas Is Tired"

Speaking on West German television's first network, Theo Sommer, a former planning expert of the FRG Ministry of Defense, said Mr. Nixon's foreign policy report showed that the U.S. while "not leaving world politics, is withdrawing on all fronts..."

"Atlas has gotten tired and wants to ease his burdens. This is the gist of the third Nixon message... Even if it states that the U.S. will not give up Europe, there are other passages which give us pause. The Vietnamization of Vietnam will not automatically be followed by the Europeanization of Europe. But a withdrawal from the front line and concentration on its own interests and a more rigorous attitude towards its allies--the Texas gun-and-lasso methods of the recent currency crisis--are made more than obvious by the Nixon report. It also makes obvious that others will have to work for the cohesion of the Atlantic Alliance."

Sommer said Europeans "should be grateful" that President Nixon was so frank, asserting that the message "deprives the West Europeans of their last excuses for dodging the task of giving a clearer profile to their community."

"Two facts cannot be overlooked--there is no long-term certainty of Soviet peaceful intent, and there is no longer a complete identity of interest between the U.S. and Europe."

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"In these circumstances, only one policy can help: Western Europe has to reorganize to secure a real chance of protecting itself on the East... EEC has to change from a Europe of farmers and bureaucrats to a political and military Europe. Only in this way will Europe survive, in alliance with but not completely dependent upon Washington, and ready for detente with Moscow but not at Russia's mercy. It is not too late. The U.S. still protects Western Europe, but there is not much time left.

"There is no fear that the President will treat us Europeans as ruthlessly as he treated India, because there is too much at stake for him in the Old World, but we must get used to the thought that we need not act like children when the U.S. no longer wants to act like a father."

## "Hopeful With China, Tough With Soviets"

The Washington correspondent of right-center *Die Welt* of Hamburg said the "main characteristic" of the report was the "marked difference" it revealed in U.S. relations with China and with the USSR. He asserted:

"While adopting a hopeful tone toward China, Nixon commented on the Soviet Union with a toughness which reflects the skepticism and watchfulness that he will take with him to Moscow.

"The U.S. Administration is aware that the Soviets are using the lagging SALT talks in order to obtain a wide lead in offensive nuclear weapons. Nixon's concern was expressed in the icy reserve he displayed on the subject of a European security conference. The report lent sharp clarity to the U.S. linkage of CES to the 'consummation' of the Berlin agreement, rather than to the signature of its final protocol."

Right-center *Frankfurter Allgemeine* front-paged the report of its Washington correspondent that "most experts agree with the *Washington Post*'s assessment of the report as 'by far the most useful, most serious and most intelligent' presentation of the President's policy yet made by the Nixon Administration." He added:

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"In the view of European diplomats here, the President's statements on reshaping the alliances practically amount to a posthumous confirmation of de Gaulle's policy of in-dependence.... Henry Kissinger has pointed out that the American 'nuclear umbrella' would continue to protect allied countries even if their policies were not in line with U. S. policy."

Writing in yesterday's paper on the "watershed year," he said the report moved the coming Peking and Moscow meetings into the focus of international public attention. U. S. foreign policy, he asserted, is aimed not only at ending the Vietnam war and transforming American relations with China and the USSR but "also at transforming America's relations with its allies."

"Some Engaging Concepts, But..."

Munich's independent *Sueddeutsche Zeitung* declared that the report was of special interest to Germans on account of its "formulation of U. S. policy toward Europe in highly engaging concepts: 'the end of American tutelage of Europe' and the insight--all too true--that Western unity does not always work automatically." He continued:

"But we would have liked to hear more about U. S. readiness for a comprehensive trade and payments agreement with Europe. That Nixon has again underscored his approval of Ostpolitik should be taken seriously by the German opposition...

"The report does not hold out any prospect for an end to the Vietnam conflict; it camouflages the reasons for withdrawal from South Asia with moralizing charges against India... Nixon's offer of further discussions with New Delhi comes late, but, we hope, not too late, even though Moscow has taken the lead there."

Left-center *Frankfurter Rundschau*, noting the reference to the Berlin agreement as a "milestone," said it "cannot be separated" from the treaties with Moscow and Warsaw. "If they are not ratified," the paper declared, "the milestone will be obliterated."

No. 20

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## West Berlin: "Emphasis on Commitment to Europe"

West Berlin's independent *Der Abend* said yesterday that the large amount of space in the report devoted to the U. S. military commitment in Europe was designed "to forestall certain misgiving which the average American might have as a consequence of the plea to economize at any cost" and was also "a frank statement to the Warsaw Pact to correct any false speculation about the preliminary stages of a European security conference." The President's "emphasis on the maintenance of U. S. forces in Europe which can credibly defend American interests left nothing to be desired in the way of clarity," and should refute arguments heard in Congress for American withdrawal, the paper said.

## Zurich: "Well-Reasoned, Balanced Report"

Switzerland's prestigious *Neue Zuercher Zeitung* of Zurich concluded today that the report revealed that the "multi-polar order" was beginning to take shape and that the U. S. "will primarily take care of its vital national interests, leaving other problems to those immediately affected.

"The new foreign policy must of course be founded on a solid public consensus. This report will help bring that about, especially because it also deals very frankly with disappointments. The report is a well-reasoned, clearly formulated and very balanced document of the new realism which marks U. S. foreign policy under Nixon and Kissinger."

In another article the paper commended "its philosophical approach, which is permeated by an almost un-American consciousness of history."

"It is, naturally, a political document, but one of the rare documents which have quality."

## Brussels: "Welcomes Rise of Europe"

Belgian comment on Mr. Nixon's report was favorable. Influential Catholic conservative *Libre Belgique* of Brussels yesterday headlined it as an "encouraging balance sheet of his diplomacy," and stated in a front-page editorial:

"The policy of military disengagement does not mean that the U. S. will return to shortsighted isolationism. Mr. Nixon's flexibility is combined with firmness....

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"As for Europe, Mr. Nixon acknowledges American concern over the growing economic power of the Community, but he advocates the most realistic attitude. In short, he welcomes the fact that Europe is no longer under American tutelage. If commercial problems are solved, the rise of Europe will reinforce the political cohesion of the West.

"Realism, wisdom, flexibility and firmness, efforts to understand the position of one's opponents: What more can be asked to lead the world toward a thaw?"

"Realism of a Man Who Wants to Do Better"

Widely read Catholic *Gazet van Antwerpen* stressed the "realism" of the report, adding that it "reflects a new spirit." It continued:

"The quiet listing of failures--Indochina, the Pakistani war, the continuing Israeli-Arab conflict, inter-American misunderstandings--is not a series of recriminations by an angry man, but rather the admission of facts by a man who wants to do better and is planning to act accordingly."

The paper declared that "Nixon spelled out his state of the world as the President of a vast country which is aware of its power but which is also willing to recognize its weakness and which is calling on others to join it in taking a new road leading toward a world of understanding--a world in which one does not dominate the other but where all join forces."

"It is a pious wish, but what Nixon wants to point out in his annual report is that the U.S. under his Administration has chosen that road and will continue to follow it--if his Administration is maintained in office. Is it, then, an electoral manifesto after all? To a certain extent it is, of course, but it is a rather convincing one."

No. 20

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2/11/72

Rotterdam: "Emphasis on Common Interest"

Independent-liberal *NRC-Handelsblad* of Rotterdam carried its Washington
correspondent's summary of Mr. Nixon's radio address. He said that "those
who remember Kissinger's statement of 1969 that Europe was as important
to U.S. security as Alaska and Nixon's address last year in which the word
'partnership' was frequently used must note a big difference.

"The emphasis this time is on the common interest, which
can be served by different, independent or autonomous lines
of policy on the part of the allies, as long as a certain amount
of coordination remains possible."

In an editorial the paper stated:

"Like every U.S. politician, President Nixon likes catch-
words. This is why he calls 1971 the year of the 'breakthroughs'....

"It is true that the breakthrough of the icy barrier between
the U.S. and China is a happening of historic importance.
Its import can be judged by the amount of uneasiness which
it has caused among Soviet leaders. But we must still wait
and see what Nixon's journey to Peking will produce....

"Although Nixon's Peking visit seems to be justified (at
least in the eyes of U.S. voters), he will have to come
back with something concrete from Moscow if he wants
to pat himself on the back in the coming election campaign."

Swedish, Danish Views

Stockholm's moderate *Svenska Dabladet* lauded portions of the President's
report dealing with U.S. relations with the Soviet Union and China, and said
that Mr. Nixon's reappraisal of American policies had gone so far that "he
has totally broken with many of the ideas he so long and so eagerly entertained."

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"By deciding to travel to China, Nixon contributed more than anyone else to upsetting all earlier concepts," the paper concluded.

Liberal *Goteborgs Handelstidning* wrote:

"Nixon's new policies constitute a sharp departure from America's traditional course. They open new opportunities for contacts and international cooperation.

"But the new world he talks about has a serious blemish --the anachronistic war in Indochina."

Leading *Berlingske Tidende* of Copenhagen ran this six-column front-page headline: "Soviet Union Must Change Course-President Nixon Sees Balance of Power Threatened by Soviet Armament."

Left-leaning *Politiken* said that "the biggest news in the report is that fact
that the U. S. and the Soviet Union seem to be able to reach agreements in
the economic and military fields."

In a column entitled "Nixon's Crusade," the foreign editor of *B. T.* maintained that "it is always a weakness in the U. S. role as leader of the Western world that U. S. foreign policy is motivated by a crusade mentality and not by worldwide regard for political realities..."

The writer added, "One can predict that Nixon's China visit will be a
failure, but he will probably gain some domestic political advantages from his
Moscow visit in May."

Helsinki: "Expect Soviet Charges"

Two Helsinki papers, Center Party's *Suomenmaa* and independent *Etela-Suomen Sanomat*, found the report's most noteworthy element to be evidence of strained relations with the USSR. The latter paper said:

"The report clearly indicates that the U. S. considers the
USSR its principal political and military opponent in the
world. Clearly, statements colored by threats will not
improve superpower relations. One may expect the Soviet
leadership to respond to the U. S. President with similar charges."

No. 20

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2/11/72

## Madrid: "One of the Best"

### Madrid's *Nuevo Diario* commented:

> "The Nixon message is one of the best documents on foreign policy to come out of the White House in recent years. Its pithy style, free from high-flown rhetoric; the number of subjects covered with realism leaving no room for doubt, and lastly, its contents prove that the President is endowed with a political acumen that should be able to surmount any unforeseen difficulties on the eve of his trip to Peking...

## Tokyo TV: "More Space for Japan"

Japanese comment today sustained yesterday's general conclusion that the U. S. will henceforth attach more importance to U. S. -Japan relations.

In evidence of this, an NHK-TV commentator reported that this year's foreign policy report contains nine pages on Japan compared to last year's three.

However, he emphasized, the U. S. attitude is "severer" this year in view of the fact that "Japan has become a mature nation."

Leading independent-liberal *Asahi*, which is frequently critical of U. S. policies, said today, "We hope Mr. Nixon's trip to Peking will mark the beginning of a 'a journey to peace.'"

It noted that "as stated in the foreign policy report, Mr. Nixon's talks with Chinese leaders may be just the beginning of a long dialogue," and that this "will have immeasurable effects on Asia and the world."

## Seoul: "Still Need U. S. Troops Here"

All South Korean papers reported today the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' expression of satisfaction over the report, particularly the statement on Asia and Korea. Editorial comment has been favorable in all papers.

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Seoul's leading newspaper, conservative Donga Ilbo, commenting on the report's suggestion that the USSR, Japan, China and the U. S. share a meaningful role in the maintenance of peace and stability in East Asia, said:

> "If this four-power system is to be effective, however, it must be preceded by a guarantee to deter the outbreak of war on the Korean Peninsula. And the best guarantee of that is the continued presence of American troops here."

Taipei: "U.S. Will Make No Deal With Communists"

Taipei's China News declared today that "President Nixon's reassurances to the ROC have been laid on the line once again--continued friendship, diplomatic ties and unchanged defense commitments."

> "These will not be negotiable while Mr. Nixon occupies the White House. The faint of heart in this country who have expressed fear of a U. S. sellout are unrealistic and have failed to understand President Nixon's deep sense of honor. The U. S. is not going to make any deal with the Communists which will involve Taiwan. Nor will we ourselves be encouraged to throw in the sponge and accept a way of life which we detest."

Min Tsu found a conflict in the report between "the concept of realistic diplomacy and the illusion of U. S. -bandit relations."

> "The two are basically incompatible; however, the address wrapped them both up in the same package...in total disregard of reality."

Auckland: "Allied Need for Reassurance"

An editorial today in Auckland's New Zealand Herald said President Nixon "has been at pains" in his foreign policy report "to present an appealing picture of the U. S. moving positively in accordance with a grand design."

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The editorial noted that the report recorded disappointments and said its "brighter side still consists mainly of hopes for the future from dialogues arranged with Peking and Moscow.

"All the more, therefore, does the success of Mr. Nixon's policy depend heavily on securing good results from these meetings. Meanwhile, however, the concern of the allies at the implications of these approaches to the Communists has already brought a need for reassurance. In particular, Mr. Nixon goes to some lengths to soothe the ruffled feelings of the Japanese and to assure them that they remain America's most important Asian ally."

New Delhi: "Unrepentant But Ready for Dialogue"

Sections of the message dealing with India and Asia dominated the foreign news columns yesterday.

The *National Herald* of New Delhi and Lucknow, owned by Prime Minister Gandhi's family, carried the full 5000-word USIS-supplied text of the South Asian portion. It banner-headlined, "Nixon Unrepentant But Ready for Dialogue With India."

The influential English-language *Statesman* of Calcutta and New Delhi headlined, "USA Wants Talk With India; Bid To Resume Close Relationship; Nixon Criticizes Russian Role in War." Its staff-written story said the "tone of the message confirms the President's continuing distrust" of India, and "puts India on probation to prove her bona fides."

"Only a Shift in Posture"

Washington correspondent M. V. Kamath wrote in the *Times of India* of Bombay and New Delhi that "Nixon offered the olive branch to New Delhi and called for 'serious dialogue.' However, he continued to insist that his Administration's stand on the Indo-Pak war was right." The paper's New Delhi story was titled, "Shift in Public Posture" and said:

"Mr. Nixon's offer to search for ways to resume the USA's 'traditionally close' relationship with India has not generated much enthusiasm here because the totality of the statement suggests there is no change of heart but only a shift in public posture to ward off growing criticism from the U.S. Congress and organs of public opinion."

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Several dailies highlighted Mr. Kissinger's briefing on the President's message, stressing his statement that an Indo-U.S. dialogue had begun. The *Hindustan Times*, largest English daily in New Delhi, headlined the story "Serious Indo-U.S. Talks Underway on Future Ties." The paper also front-paged a cartoon showing "Nixon" and "Kissinger" trapped in a "South Asian Pickle" bottle.

Dacca: "Erroneous Policy for Subcontinent"

Most Dacca newspapers front-paged the Kissinger statement that recognition of Bangladesh would be considered after the President's China visit. **Azad,** oldest Bengali daily in Dacca, titled its editorial "The Erroneous Nixon Policy." It said:

"Nixon's foreign policy statement to Congress shows that at present Washington is not in a mood to change its attitude towards India and Bangladesh... The Nixon Administration wanted to make Bangladesh another Vietnam... but they failed miserably.... Washington must recognize that her erroneous policy toward the subcontinent will do no good for America's global leadership."

Karachi: "U.S. Remains Our Friend"

Both Pakistani wire services made extensive use of USIS-supplied texts when commercial-source material was garbled. Papers gave heavy, straight coverage to the South Asian section, emphasizing President Nixon's comment on friendship with Pakistan.

Top-circulation *Jang* of Karachi headlined, "Deep Friendship with Pakistan to Continue--U. S. Knew Indian Design to Destroy Pak Army and Occupy Azad Kashmir." The English-language independent *Dawn* of Karachi said, "U.S. Remains Our Friend, But Seeks Dialogue With India."

Comments invariably used the report as a peg to criticize the Soviet Union. Thus normally anti-West *Mashriq* of Lahore wrote:

"President Nixon's analysis of Soviet policy is correct. Pakistan was extremely disappointed over the Soviet role. It is too early to predict the future relationship of the Soviet Union and the U.S. Much will depend on Mr. Nixon's coming talks with Chinese leaders. Before that we cannot expect any basic change in the American policy."

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Middle-of-the-road *Imroze* of Lahore agreed that Mr. Nixon's "criticism of
Soviet conduct" was justified, but added, "It is also true that the U.S. did not
fulfill its own commitments and responsibilities toward its ally and friend."

## Beirut: Papers Excerpt Middle East Section

The foreign policy report received prominent media attention in Beirut. Excerpts of the Middle East section were carried yesterday by Beirut's leading daily, independent *an-Nahar* and popular, conservative *al-Hayat*, as well as in English-language *Daily Star*.

## "Administration Responsible for Gloom"

In a comment on the report, *an-Nahar* declared, "Nixon and his policies are responsible to a great extent for the gloomy picture the U.S. President has painted of the Middle East...

"Nixon promised in the early days of his Presidency to achieve peace in the Middle East by following an evenhanded policy between Arab and Israeli. But that policy was soon dropped under pressure and he has pursued a policy of full alignment with Israel."

## "One-Sided on Soviet Strength"

Moderate *al-Jarida* called the report's presentation of Soviet strength in Egypt "one-sided" because it "said nothing about U.S. weapons sent to Israel or the number of Americans serving in the Israeli armed forces or American technicians working there."

Pro-Arab commando *al-Liwa* said the report "gives the impression that the USSR has converted Egypt into an arsenal of sophisticated offensive weapons" so that the U.S. had to furnish materiel to Israel to maintain an arms balance. The paper declared:

"Had this been the case, and had Egypt possessed such a quantity of weapons, Sadat would not have found it necessary to go to Moscow to ask for more weapons."

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## Tel Aviv: "Fair, Sober, Constructive"

A commentator in today's semi-official *Davar* of Tel Aviv said "the presentation of the Arab-Israel dispute is fair and the description of the Soviet role in the dispute is realistic. The American position... is sober and constructive."

A columnist in independent *Yediot Aharonot* called the report important for two reasons--"its grave warning to the Soviet Union, especially about its Middle East policy, and the fact that the message was published only a few days before Nixon's departure for Peking..."

## Cairo: "Dangerous Implications"

Cairo domestic radio yesterday ran a commentary titled, "Dangerous Implications for the Middle East in President Nixon's Message to Congress." It said U.S. strategy was to elevate the Middle East conflict from the plane of Arab-Israeli tension to that of the "conflicting international strategies." The commentary rejected as untrue the report's statement that there are Soviet bases in Egypt, declaring that "it is a twisting and a falsification of the facts" to state that the Soviet Union is promoting strategic competition in the Middle East.

Such competition, it said "has, in fact, transformed racist Israel into a military base for imperialism and Zionism... whose resources... include the ability to obtain unlimited amounts of the most modern weapons and even the means to produce those weapons and utilize them in aggression, domination and international arms trade on behalf of imperialism and Zionism. Egypt obtains weapons from the Soviet Union to defend itself and to liberate its and other Arab land."

## Buenos Aires: "Reflects Extraordinary Changes"

Papers in Buenos Aires headlined the President's press conference. prestigious *La Prensa* headlined, "U.S. Gives Saigon Guarantees," and "U.S. May Order New Air Strikes on NVN."

Nationalistic *Clarín* of Buenos Aires said today that the foreign policy message "reflects extraordinary changes which have taken place in the reality of the world today, shows the difficulties and contradictions of transition, and leaves no doubt that the tendency toward peace and development will continue inexorably."

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"Not the Time for Evasiveness"

The English-language *Buenos Aires Herald* asserted that "at the same time Nixon was announcing the end of U.S. hegemony over Latin America, Congress, at his own prompting, was moving to make IDB a tool of U.S. foreign policy." It added:

"The main failing of Nixon's policy toward Latin America is that it is evasive at a time when the Hemisphere is not shouting 'Yankee go home' but asking Uncle Sam to help by buying a little more. There are times when the Hemisphere would have welcomed Nixon's non-policy. But the time is not now."

Caracas: Caldera's Reaction

Caracas newspapers today carried a televised press conference in which President Caldera said he found in the Nixon report "some aspects which must be considered positive. One, for example, is the recognition that Latin America constitutes a regional unit and it has a specific and distinct character."

Moscow Stresses Three Subjects

Second-day Soviet media treatment of the President's foreign policy message followed the pattern established on Wednesday--withholding from domestic audiences substantive mention of large portions of the subject matter and discussion in the report, and targeting commentary broadcast to foreign audiences (WTCI No. 19, February 10). *Pravda* today carried selected foreign comment critical of the message.

To regionalized treatment Moscow has now added across-the-board topical treatment of three principal subjects: the Middle East, Indochina and U.S. defense policy and disarmament. A Moscow radio commentary in Polish yesterday provided an example of this latter approach:

--"Let us take Vietnam. The message says that the continued participation of the U.S. in the Indochinese conflict is the cause of universal alienation. If we translate this complex phrase into language understandable to all it emerges that it refers to widespread dissatisfaction in the U.S. and the whole world due to the policy of war escalation prosecuted by Washington in Southeast Asia..."

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--"Let us take another issue: the situation in the Middle East... The ruling quarters of the U. S. and Israel do not want peace in the Middle East. Their main aim is to preserve and intensify tension in that area. It is enough to recall the details of the new military agreement between Israel and the U. S. ... on immediate deliveries of large consignments of Phantom and Skyhawk aircraft to Israel..."

--"And the last element of the U. S. foreign policy which I would like to mention: disarmament. In words, Washington allegedly aims at a solution of this issue. In practice the question looks very different. It is enough to recall that U. S. military expenditures in the coming fiscal year will beat all post-war records... The message stresses emphatically that in foreign policy, U. S. might is an indispensable element..."

"Camouflages Tactics on Latin America"

An example of the continuing regionalized treatment of the report was a Moscow radio broadcast in Portuguese to Brazil yesterday, which said that Mr. Nixon "tried to present the Nixon Doctrine on equal relations between the U. S. and Latin America as a new idea which corresponds more closely to the political reality.

"However, the practice of relations between the U. S. and Latin American countries since the proclamation of this doctrine proves that it is no more than a propagandistic camouflage of the old imperialist policy, a tactical adaptation to the new conditions..."

"Nixon's report to Congress states that Washington's policy toward any one country will not depend on its domestic structure. However, this statement is refuted by the U. S. attitude toward Chile and Cuba. The U. S. intends to apply the most rigid policy toward these two countries..."

The commentary concluded that the interests of Latin American countries are "diametrically opposed to" the policy proposed by the U. S. for the 70's.

Peking: No Mention

Peking media have not yet mentioned the message.

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Western Europe, p. 2 Asia, Latin America, p. 12 Communist Countries, p. 20

Summary

Foreign media gave top news play to President Nixon's third annual report on foreign policy.

While most first-day editorial treatment emphasized passages of regional or national concern, there were many attempts to assay the document as a comprehensive report of the "state of the world" as seen by Washington.

Generally favorable in tone, such comment viewed the message as an outline of the evolving U.S. role in a post-cold war era:

> --The *Times* of London called the report "one of the most weighty, most serious, and best argued statements of American foreign policy to be made since the end of the Second World War."

> --Italian TV said it was "the most important document prepared by the U.S." in recent years, and that it "indicates the new guidelines 'for a generation of peace,' namely, balance of power with the Soviet Union, detente with China and a reform of the trade and monetary structures of the West and Japan."

Observers differed over the import of Mr. Nixon's references to China and the Soviet Union. West Germany's *Frankfurter Allgemeine* said Peking and Moscow would "not find anything new" in the report. However, Paris-based Europe One radio declared that never before had an American President been "so tender-hearted toward China," and Italian media said his tone was "definitely 'softer' toward Peking than toward Moscow" (*Corriere della Sera*).

Moscow TASS said that the report admitted "disappointments" and confessed to "a weakening of U.S. positions in the system of world imperialism." It noted that Mr. Nixon acknowledged there were pressures in the U.S. to "exploit Sino-Soviet tension."

Monitoring reports indicated no mention of the message so far by Peking media.

* * *

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London Headlines
==================

These were headlines in today's London papers:

"PRESIDENT NIXON SAYS WORLD NOW CLOSER TO STABLE PEACE"

(Times)

"NIXON EXPECTING 'NO INSTANT SOLUTIONS' AT SUMMIT IN PEKING"

(Guardian)

"NIXON WARNS RUSSIA OVER ARMS RACE"

(Daily Telegraph)

"Sober, Factual, Clear"

Initial comment was highly favorable. The prestigious independent *Times* of London stated:

"President Nixon's report to Congress yesterday stands out immediately as one of the most weighty, most serious, and best argued statements of American foreign policy to be made since the end of the Second World War.

"In manner it is sober, factual, clear, without any obvious tremolo passages or over-contrived rhetoric. In substance it goes into American deeds, hopes, and difficulties in almost every part of the earth and above the earth..."

The paper asserted that "one of the strengths of Mr. Nixon's survey is that it does not go too far back on the past, and at every point he indicates that the U. S. Administration are ready to take the most favorable view of Soviet policy if Moscow gives them half a chance...."

"On their side the Russians have been presented with a policy document of major perspectives. Their propaganda services have lately been particularly busy in attacking American acts and supposed plans."

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"They have been given something more solid in return, something that should occupy several Politburo meetings. They will produce their criticisms and their counter-arguments.

"But they can hardly deny one evident truth. We have the opportunity to usher in a new era in international relations. If we can do so, the transformation of Soviet-American relations can become one of the most significant achievements of our time."

Louis Heren, the paper's deputy editor and former Washington correspondent, wrote that judging from the direction and tone of the President's report, "1972 might well be remembered as the year when the U.S. regained its self-confidence as a great power in the world arena."

## "Fully Recognizes America's Obligations"

The conservative London *Daily Telegraph* asserted in an editorial that Mr. Nixon "fully recognizes America's international obligations. He is also obviously alert to various dangers which he might perhaps have overlooked in the search for a detente with Russia and China." It added:

"Reassuring as Mr. Nixon's words may be, Western Europe should not become complacent. Presidents less resolute and cautious, less loyal and trustworthy than he are, alas, quite possible.... We should never rest easy till we can look after ourselves."

## "Awareness That Soviets Might Exploit New U.S. Mood"

The independent London *Financial Times* commented:

"A close look at the report's analysis of foreign policy as a whole reveals something more profound than mere slogans. Boiled down it is this: America now sets its foreign policy objectives and contemplates the means of reaching them in an intellectual atmosphere that is quite different from, and far less ambitious than, the one that prevailed ten years ago....

"There is a change of so great a magnitude that it is not easy to appreciate it fully while we are still so close to it. In his search for rapprochement wherever he can find it, Mr. Nixon will soon travel to Peking and... Moscow."

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The paper suggested that "the report shows many signs of awareness, bordering at times on nervousness, of the possibility that the Soviet Union might seek to take advantage of the new mood. For this reason it is as well to note the streak of realism in the Kissinger analytical method...."

"The other Western nations must take a lesson: They need to decide how broad a view of its direct interests Washington now proposes to take if they are to ensure that some of their own interests are not left unguarded by default."

"Target: Communication With Totalitarian Powers"

The nationalistic, conservative London *Daily Express* said in an editorial on the President's message and his forthcoming visits to Communist capitals:

"The great divide between East and West gives way to the great triangle, in which the capitalist U. S. and the two mighty totalitarian states may communicate with increasing effectiveness."

"That is the President's target. It is the world's hope."

## West German TV Emphases

Both West German television networks gave extensive coverage. The first network's Washington correspondent reported:

"President Richard Nixon will be able to count on almost unanimous support in Congress for calling the Berlin agreement a success of milestone proportions. He makes clear that considerable improvements have been negotiated with the Soviets.... With some severity he opposes those Congressmen who favor U. S. troop reduction in Europe.... The President argues that a one-sided troop reduction for budgetary reasons would be foolish--economically and politically."

Today's papers front-paged the report under headlines stressing the statements on Berlin and the alliance.

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# "New Rights, New Duties for Allies"

Influential right-center **Frankfurter Allgemeine** declared today that "Peking and Moscow will read President Nixon's report with great attention, but they will not find anything new.

"The message is addressed to his own family, to which the allies also belong. They will find in it another formulation of the concept of changed relations among allies, a concept, prepared by Kissinger during his Harvard days, which has been hammered out during Nixon's Administration with mounting consistency and clarity.... Together with new rights, the allies are supposed to accept new duties... in Europe, but even more so in Asia. This is frequently interpreted as indicating U.S. withdrawal. The message again makes clear that this is not so."

## "Firmer Tone With Europe and the Third World"

Business-oriented **Handelsblatt** of Duesseldorf, asserting that President Nixon's "recent declarations and actions have been marked by nervous glances toward the domestic scene and impatient glances at world trade and foreign policy," noted that in the foreign policy report he repeated his warning against reduction of U.S. troops in Europe for budgetary reasons. It continued:

"His tone toward his European partners and the third world has become firmer. A harsh note is remarked with respect to developing countries which imperil the investment security of American firms by expropriation."

Independent **Stuttgarter Zeitung** ran two editorials on the report. The first, referring to the current West German parliamentary debate on the ratification of the draft treaties with Moscow and Warsaw, noted Mr. Nixon's statement that the U.S. troop presence in Europe would not be reduced until an MBFR agreement had been reached with the Warsaw Pact powers. It asked in conclusion: "When have such binding assurances ever been given in recent years?"

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"Showed Sympathy for Ostpolitik"

The second editorial on "the new relationship with Europe" said that the President, "by quoting Chancellor Brandt in order to underscore the priority of U.S.-Europe relations, and calling the four-power agreement on Berlin a milestone on the road to detente, demonstrates his particular sympathy for Ostpolitik."

"Still Mistrusts Chinese and Soviet Systems"

A commentary in Bonn's independent *General-Anzeiger* said that Mr. Nixon "goes hopeful to Peking and Moscow but still mistrusts the Chinese and Soviet systems...

"Nixon sees trends in the Soviet Union which reflect ideas of Communist world revolution. But he is also aware that Brezhnev wants to give the Soviet population a long period of peace... Nixon's expressions of misgivings about Moscow's policy are also addressed to the Kremlin.... The President is waiting for positive signals from Moscow."

"Inevitable Reorientation"

The Washington correspondent of independent *Sueddeutsche Zeitung* of Munich, commenting on the "watershed year," wrote that "as indicated by Henry Kissinger, this means that the initiatives taken by the Nixon Administration have proved fruitful and that the structure of peace as envisaged by America is becoming visible.

"Reorientation of American foreign policy has become inevitable as a result of earlier successes, especially those reflected by European and Japanese recovery."

West Berlin Treatment

Papers in West Berlin front-paged the story, emphasizing Mr. Nixon's statement that a new phase in U.S.-European relations is at hand. Reports stressed the warning against reduction of American troops in Europe and the view that East-West detente can be best achieved by negotiation of concrete problems.

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The only editorial treatment appeared in independent *Tagesspiegel*, which recapitulated the main points of the report and linked it to the trip to Peking and the Presidential elections.

## Paris: "Stirring Appeal to West"

Influential, independent *Figaro* of Paris headlined, "Nixon Expects More From Moscow Than From Peking. Stirring Appeal for Western Unity." Its Washington correspondent declared:

> "There is no doubt that Mr. Nixon expects considerable dividends in prestige from the publicity operation which his historic visit to China constitutes. It is even clearer on reading this State of the World message that it is from Moscow that he intends to bring back 'successes' that will make him an undefeatable candidate for reelection..."

> "All other world problems referred to in the message may therefore mistakenly appear to be secondary. To be remembered from the section devoted to Europe is, however, the stirring appeal for 'cohesion of the West,' presented as the indispensable condition for 'detente with the East'..."

## "Definition of New Ties With a Liberated Europe"

Today's left-of-center *Combat* of Paris asserted:

> "The diplomatic upheaval the U.S. President envisages is global. Its two main foundations are the establishment of China as a big power and the definition of new ties with a Europe liberated from 'American tutelage.' The rest is unquestionably a realistic approach, both peaceful and firm, but resting on no ideological foundation. For these reasons it should open very extensive prospects for American power, at least as long as China agrees, in its own interest, to play the game with America..."

Moderate *Aurore* of Paris said in its headline, "Nixon No Longer Believes in Negotiated Peace with Hanoi."

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## Communist Paper: "Exaggerated Assertions"

Communist Humanite of Paris said the message "scarcely contains any new indications" of U.S. foreign policy and as a pre-election document "aims primarily at presenting that policy in the most favorable light and is profuse in assertions so exaggerated that they would make one laugh if the problems involved were not so serious...

"The continuation of American aggression in Indochina belies such optimism. And Mr. Nixon's message unfortunately does not contain any indication of a change in this respect."

## Radio: "Tender-Hearted Toward China"

Paris-based commercial Europe One radio stated that the President drew a picture of the world such as he would like it to be and that never before had a U.S. President been so "tender-hearted toward China."

State-run French radio summed up: "For Nixon, Europe is both a political ally and an economic adversary."

## Rome TV: "Aims at Ending Cold War"

Italian television carried as its second item last night a five-minute account of the message, including the following comment:

"The huge report--236 pages--is a compendium of the ambitions, options and foreign policy directives that must be at the same time realistic and imaginative....

"It represents the development of a political program already called by Nixon 'a generation of peace' which aims at ending a quarter of a century of cold war and is taking Nixon on a historic trip to China, a crucial visit to Moscow and the arduous 'liquidation' of the Indochina conflict.

"The message is basically optimistic but the somber areas are far from being hidden or veiled..."

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