integrate the development with its surroundings, as the photographs show.

The relationship of the slab blocks to Richmond Park was a matter of special attention. Because the Ministry of Works was concerned that these would form an oppressive wall when viewed from the park, they were turned to slant across the site. But this was achieved at the cost of depriving 400 families of a superb view of London.

Housing projects on the urban fringe have rarely included high buildings, and yet it is precisely in that area that the high-density apartment building can be given enough surrounding space to make it a pleasant type of dwelling. Roehampton Lane also illustrates, with its preservation of historic buildings and developed landscape, a laudable respect for the products of age. The scheme is also notable for its effort to satisfy the needs and tastes of families in different stages of the life cycle, some composed of couples with small children, others just of elderly persons.

Site plan of Roehampton Lane.

The western end of the project: in the foreground a golf course, in the background Richmond Park.

Site plan of Roehampton Lane.

Residential districts as urban redevelopment

B-district
Residential building structure with multi-family units.

<table><tr><td>Building site (ha)</td><td>2.8</td></tr><tr><td>Dwellings approx</td><td>510</td></tr><tr><td>Residents approx</td><td>1400</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>500</td><td>180</td><td>0-1</td></tr><tr><td>R/ha</td><td>D/ha</td><td>C/D</td></tr></table>

Golden Lane Estate, London/England

Architect: Chamberlin, Powell, Bon
Year built: 1954-1962 in two phases

Redevelopment area in the northern part of the City in the vicinity of St. Pauls. Multi-storeyed courtyard development (4, 6, 16 storeys) with various flat types/maisonettes. Courtyards interconnected, roofed areas (see plan), differentiated outer areas and levels. Community centre and youth building shops, crèche.

Publications: AR 6/1957; AR 12/1962; Lit Bruckmann/Lewis, 1960

A district
Residential building structure with multi-family units.

<table><tr><td>Building site<br/>(ha) - approx</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Dwelling approx</td><td>350</td></tr><tr><td>Residents approx</td><td>650</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>215</td><td>130</td><td>0-15</td></tr><tr><td>R/ha</td><td>D/ha</td><td>C/D</td></tr></table>

Residential district in Berlin-Siemensstadt/
Federal Republic of Germany

Architect: Hans Scharoun
Year built: 1956-1960

Scharoun's plan for the reconstruction of a ruined district with 5600 dwellings in 16 residential courtyards. Only partially realised as a result of compromises. A painstaking effort to develop suitable constructional forms of organisation for social housing. Data for a 'residential courtyard'.

Publications: Bw 15. 16/1962; AA 104; Lit Schmitt, 1966

B district
Residential building structure with multi-family units.

<table><tr><td>Building site (ha)</td><td>8.6</td></tr><tr><td>Dwellings</td><td>995</td></tr><tr><td>Residents</td><td>3530</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>410</td><td>115</td><td>0-2</td></tr><tr><td>R/ha</td><td>D/ha</td><td>C/D</td></tr></table>

Park Hill, Sheffield/England

Architect: Womersley, City Architect
Year built: 1957-1961

Former slum district near the city centre on a steeply sloping site. New construction of 1- to 6-person flats and maisonettes in a continuous 4- to 14-storeyed building, with access provided by pathways ('streets') 3 m wide. School, shops, communal amenities. Indeed, the most important housing experiment from which most could be learnt.

Publications: AD 9/1961; AA 104; AR 11/1967; Zodiac 18. Lit Bruckmann/Lewis, 1960, Lit. Schmitt, 1966

A/C district
Residential building structure with multi-family units.

<table><tr><td>Building site (ha)</td><td>4.8</td></tr><tr><td>Dwellings</td><td>440</td></tr><tr><td>Residents</td><td>1775</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>370</td><td>92</td><td>0-2</td></tr><tr><td>R/ha</td><td>D/ha</td><td>C/D</td></tr></table>

Hunslet, Leeds/England

Architect: Stanley (City Architect) Richardson (YDG)
Year built: 1966-1968 (Leek Street).

Hunslet is an example of the English attempts of the 60's to solve urgent housing shortages with the aid of building systems. The Concrete Panel Housing System Mark 1 of the Yorkshire Development Group has also been employed to build districts in Hull, Nottingham, and Sheffield. The data applies to the first building phase (Leek Street).

Publications: AR 1/1967; AR 11/1967; AJ 6.8.1969; AJ 9.9.70

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THAMESMEAD REPORT

ALEXANDER PIKE

The project

The Thamesmead site is a flat and featureless stretch of land on the south bank of the Thames with a three mile frontage to the river, but a number of fine trees and moated earthworks provide great opportunities for imaginative development. The scale of the landscape is large. Facing the site, across a broad stretch of river, are Dagenham Docks and the Ford Works. Within the site, the proposed Ringway Two motorway is planned to pass through the area and under the river in a tunnel. This motorway, with its intersection with the main spine road of the development, has been a great formative influence in the design. It requires substantial areas of land, generates noise, and has a scale comparable with the natural landscape.

As already mentioned, the decision to design Thamesmead to match this scale is a basic philosophy behind the scheme, into which all other requirements have been fitted. Thus the use of water has been conceived on a large scale, and linked with an extensive open space system; together they will provide

Right Site plan for Stage 1.

Next page Model of Stages 1 and 2.