February 24, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

On the way to school I saw four men carrying three
rough coffins. The coffins were rough boards nailed
together and they were graduated sizes - a short one,
a middle sized one and a long one. The men had them
piled one on top of the other according to size and
carried them by means of rope slings which passed under
the load and over bamboo carrying poles on their shoulders.

They did not sing the usual carriers' song to keep
their steps in rhythm. When I asked them who these people
were they did not answer. There were silent groups of
people standing at the alley corners to watch them pass.
There was no laughter and few words were spoken.

The victims were an omen of that which faces all
the poor - starvation.

The whole family died for want of food to eat and
the rest of us don't know how long we can keep old man
hunger away from our doors.

I paid five dollars for forty eggs today.

April 2, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

Edward and I had the most lovely afternoon that we have ever had together. At four o'clock we took some seeds and some money for poor children and went out to school.

On the way out we stopped at the Bethel Mission to leave money for the poor children's school and we also gave Miss Ganz a package of beet seeds. From there we went to St. Paul's Seminary where we left some seeds for Father Mugent.

Then we went to school and left some seeds for the school gardens. The principal showed us his rabbits, pidgeons and little puppies. We looked over the gardens and then went on to St. Joseph's hospital where we left some seeds for Sister Sangery. We stopped in to see their beautiful chapel and Edward was not much impressed.

On the way home we stopped to see Mr. Hope, but he had taken his dog out for a walk.

We got home about five-thirty, played with the little rabbits for awhile and then romped on the grass until six.

The best part of the afternoon was when Edward lay down on his back beside me to watch the clouds coming up from the west. The sun was setting and an electrical storm was coming up, so they were especially beautiful. The sky behind the clouds was a wonderful deep blue.

4

All the World, 263

Alliance China Mission, and China Inland Mission, 112

Alliance Witness, 292

Allianz-China-Mission (Wuppertal-Barmen), 462

almanacs, 152, 346

Along Kingdom Highways, 293

alphabet, phonetic, 313

Ambix, 243

ambulance service, 99, 262

American Advent Mission Hospital (Chaohsien), 285, 286

American Advent Mission Society (Lai Fu Hui), 89, 286, 299

American and Foreign Bible Society, 49

American Association for China Famine and Flood Relief, 210, 258

American Association of China, 270

American Baptist Board of International Ministries, 293, 361

American Baptist Church, 285

American Baptist Convention, Foreign Mission Society, 46, 47, 48, 49, 114, 207, 278, 293, 328, 361

applications, 285

Board of Managers, 330

Chaochowfu, 327

Chaoyang, 327

Chekiang-Shanghai Baptist Convention, 2

Central China, 294, 362

and Davison Fund, Inc., 290

East China, 49, 55, 91, 270, 295, 327, 362, 407

Group Study of Jesus project, 290

hospitals, 285, 286

Huchow, 362

Japan, 294

Kakchieh, 455

Kiangan, 235

Kwangtung, 327

medical missionaries, 289

mission policy, 3, 57, 66, 295, 362

Suspended between the clouds and the deep blue background
was a lovely silver half moon.

As the clouds raced across the face of the moon we
would vie with each other to see it first as the cloud
blew away.

The spell was broken when Edward saw a parson crow
sitting on the flag pole. He immediately was up and
away trying to catch the bird. And that is the way with
such times as this - they are as rarely caught as are
birds by empty handed children.

April 17, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

We are having a nervous week. All the places of
any importance around Ningpo have been heavily bombed.
Squads of nine or eighteen bombers have been flying over
us. People are all frightened and many have fled the
city. Large numbers of troop ships are reported to be
off the coast.

We may be bombed, but invasion seems unlikely.
Ningpo is too small and too hungry a place to bother
with when the whole south Pacific is under consideration.

Many airplanes continued to bother us today but
there were no bombs dropped. It does not seem to be
any more serious than before.

There were more than a hundred students at the
meeting tonight. Pastor Chiang is a good speaker and
I expect good results.

7

response to China, 165, 166
transfer of, 158

missions, 3, 13, 35, 36, 44, 49, 51, 55, 57, 65, 83, 101, 106, 114, 131, 143, 150, 151, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 164, 165, 168, 171, 178, 194, 203, 226, 246, 260, 268, 270, 272, 278, 310, 319, 322, 354, 382, 383, 448

North China, 13, 36, 40, 44, 49, 55, 67, 101, 131, 151, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 164, 194, 260, 268, 310, 320, 322, 383

North China Congregational Union, 272
North Shensi, 157
Pangkiachuang, 157
Paotingfu, 297, 157
Peking, 265, 35, 114, 157
Prudential Committee, 151, 158, 164, 172, 194, 260
deputation to China (1907), 276, 319
publications, 51
and Reformed Church of America, 231
roster, 172
schools, 160, 319
Shanghai 114, 164
Shansi, 36, 40, 55, 67, 101, 151, 319, 157, 160, 164, 272, 322
and Shansi Memorial Association, 321
Shantung, 157, 164, 272, 322
Shaowu 49, 148, 158, 159, 164, 322,
South China, 36, 40, 49, 67, 158, 159, 164, 322
Taikuhsien, 151, 157, 272, 322
Tehchow, 157, 272
Tehsien, 157
Tientsin, 114, 158, 178, 183, 221, 454
Treasury department, 164
Tungchow, 55, 157, 265
war-time situation, 158
withdrawal from China, 158
Woman's Board, 164
Work for Women and Children, 322
world tour (1907-9), 36
yearbook, 152

April 19, 1941

Hingpo, Chekiang

The air-raid alarm woke us up at four forty-five this morning. I had some final renewing to do for my Chinese examination so I got up and started in. I had only gotten started when Mrs. Smith came over and told me that the Japanese forces had landed at Chinghai during the night. That was startling, but I remembered they had landed there last July and had soon withdrawn again, so I went on with my review.

In a few minutes the cook's son came in from the primary school saying that school was dismissed. Then the girl's primary school was dismissed.

At seven-thirty my school telephoned for me to go immediately. I got on my bicycle and started out along the roadbed of the old railroad tracks. I had just gotten started when a low flying planed loomed up ahead of me. (One cannot hear low flying planes until they are right on you!) I was just ready to make a flying leap over the handle bars and into the ditch when the plane swerved to the left and roared past me without shooting. So I put a little more pressure on the pedals and pumped along toward school. A little further on I saw a formation of nine bombers approaching from the northeast. Then a formation of three approached from the east.

By the time I got to school they were all circling the city. Students with bundles over their shoulders

were pouring out of the school gate and dispersing over
the countryside. The principal was giving orders like
a general. I was sent to town to draw all of the school
money out of the banks, six thousand dollars from the
Chekiang County Bank and thirteen thousand dollars from
the Bank of China.

As I went along the main streets of the city I
found the general run of small shopkeepers going on with
their business, but all of the larger places were mov-
ing out. Grey clad soldiers in groups of two or three
were patrolling the streets. They had the green branches
of trees stuck in their belts, in their rifle barrels and
in their caps. They were otherwise equipped with ammu-
nition belts, two or three potato masher hand grenades
and a short bayonet.

The banks were empty. They had taken their money
away earlier and we were left empty-handed.

From the banks I came home, had a short breakfast,
and then bicycled back to school. Planes had arrived
and had started a general bombing of the city by the
time I got there. They were flying very low over the
school campus. I hid under a hedge until they had gone
away. Then I got on the bicycle once again and sped
for home. The planes returned before I had come very
far. At one time I hid behind a wall and another time
under some bamboo trees.

When I finally got home I found Ellen and the

children out under the camphor tree. I joined them
there and tried to entertain Edward until this partic-
ular raid was over.

We had a fairly quiet lunch - then another heavy
raid about 2:30 P.M. My nerves were jumpy by this time
so I went out in the garden to hoe the corn. Things
were fairly quiet until about 4:30 when there were
several shots from some large guns.

Mrs. Smith came running out saying that Father
Nugert had called to say the Japanese were just out-
side the city and that we had better run up our flags.
I took one down to the flagpole near the river wall and
was putting it up, when I heard Ellen calling frantically.
I turned and saw Ellen and Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Sengyel
and the servants trying to push the big gate shut
against a mob of Chinese who had tried to rush it. I
added my weight to the women and we finally got the gate
shut.

Then we found that they had gone to the school gate,
which was partially bricked shut, and had broken in there.

Things quieted down around five o'clock and we
finally got most of the men out of the compound. The
women stayed in the school.

We set up a schedule for gatekeepers through the
night, but Mrs. Smith and I sat at the gate until about
11:30. It was quiet at 11:00 so I got Mrs. Smith to
give me the language examination I should have had

April 20, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

This has been the most terrible day that I have
ever known.

The action began about six this morning with low
flying planes and bombs. As soon as the planes began
to fly, the machine guns began to shoot at them. Occa-
sionally there were anti-aircraft guns in action. Since
there were guns on the street outside our gate, and in
the Chinese property adjacent to ours as well as across
the river, it was pretty noisy.

Right after breakfast we got Carolyn's basinet down-
stairs and put her on the floor in the hall - which is
in about the center of the house. We made a place for
Edward to play next to her and after barricading the
space toward the front door with chairs, we sat down
on the floor with Edward.

There were a few lulls in the firing when we could
get up and move around a little. About ten o'clock I
went over to the refugee camp in the girl's school next
door to us on the north. Pastor Ching and I were just
going up the steps when there was a burst of rifle fire
at us. I jumped down behind the cement steps and pastor
Ching jumped up onto the veranda. At the moment we
jumped there were more shots, one of which knocked a
brick out of the corner of the school wall and scattered
the pieces all around us. While waiting there behind
the steos I noticed a bullet hole in the cement founda-
tion about eighteen inches from the ground and out even

with the steps where we were when first fired at. How
that bullet could have come so close to us without
hitting us is more than I will ever know.

I stayed down behind the steps until about ten
minutes after the firing had ceased and then made a
dash across an open space for home. It was the fastest
fifty yard dash that I have ever made and, in fact, it
was so fast that it didn't draw any fire.

The first thing I did when I got home was to take
off my light shirt and change into a dark tan that would
be less conspicuous.

A little bit later some of the refugee women were
coming through the school gate into our yard. They
were fired at and the bullets smacked into our house.
I jumped up from the floor where I was with Edward and
Ellen and the baby, ran out on the veranda and got the
women around back of the house where I hoped they would
be safe. Bullets were flying all around us - many of
them lodging in the walls of the school and the other
compound walls. I got one plug out of a window frame
about thirty feet to the side, but at the same level as
the place where Carolyn usually had her basinet. A
fraction of an inch in the aim would have put that
bullet right through her basket if it had been there.

One of the women helping at the refugee camp was
hiding under a school desk when a bullet came through
the window at an angle, hit the frame and richocheted

into the desk where she was hiding. It finally stopped
with only a piece of plywood left to penetrate before
striking her.

We prepared lunch during one of the lulls in the
firing. We had cold biscuits and honey, a little cot-
tage cheese, a cold potato for Edward and hot tea. It
has been awfully hard to eat today. We ate not from a
natural appetite but because we realized we must force
a little nourishment into our systems. The cottage
cheese was a little tart and that taste was the first
that I have been able to enjoy since Saturday morning.
We have been exceptionally thirsty and have consumed
great quantities of tea, coffee and water.

Immediately after lunch we got Edward's mattress
down on the floor in the hall and put him to sleep
there. We put Carolyn's basket on the floor next to
the inside wall in the study. From one o'clock until
three-thirty was the worst time of the day for us.
Planes dived and roared overhead, bombs shook the house,
machine guns and rifles made a din in the streets.
Ellen and I sat on the kitchen floor next to the door
in the hall, as close as possible to the children with-
out being in the same room with them. Fortunately they
both slept well - Carolyn slept until about two-fifteen
and Edward until three o'clock.

The firing began to get weaker after three.
Pastor Ching came in for awhile from the school and

then we both went over to Smith's. They had little
Hans Sengyet and the baby down in the hall just as we
had done with our children.

About four o'clock we saw a flag flying on the
drum tower over in the city. I got my field glasses
and went up to Smith's attic to investigate. I saw
two men just then running up a Japanese flag on the
telephone exchange. The flag on the drum tower was
also Japanese.

Then, with relief, I realized that one phase of
the war was finished. People continued to come in for
refuge all afternoon and late into the night.

I slept on call and had to get up several times
because of Chinese people looting the shop across the
street from us.

April 21, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

The day began with looting by the Chinese. Our street was a packed procession of Chinese people loaded down with loot. Their own policemen had gone and the Japanese soldiers were not close enough to scare them. They took anything and everything they could get their hands on. Men, women and children staggered under loads of stolen goods.

I stood in the street outside our gate to watch - and for the first time since the fighting began I felt like crying. It seemed as though my whole world had fallen in a heap about my feet. Here were the people I had seen in the streets every day for three years plundering the shops of their own neighbors.

At eight-thirty I started out in search of the other two members of the International Relief Committee delegated to meet the officer in charge of the Japanese Army. It was our job to give the army a map of the city, showing our mission property and to ask for proclamations of protection. We had previously planned to get together by telephone, but the telephones are not working.

It was with some fear and trembling that I started out alone down the street toward the headquarters I headed straight for the Catholic Cathedral to find Bishop De Fevre, who is senior member and chairman of the International Relief Committee. As I passed the

16

Asia, Southeast, theological education in, 441

aspirants, Chinese, 399

Assam, maps, 113

Assemblies of God, 219

Associated Boards for Christian Colleges in China, 23, 35, 49, 52, 60, 64, 120, 164, 178, 227, 232, 247, 278, 320, 368, 370, 388, 389, 420, 442, 456

audio recordings, 53

Board of Directors, 169

Board of Founders, 169

Boston Committee, 178

by-laws, 178

church property in China, 157

Committee for Consideration of Greater Unity, 157

committee on Christian character, staff, curriculum, 157

conditions of Christian colleges, 157

conferences and dinners, 53

constitution, 178

and Davison Fund, 290

Disciples of Christ, 368

fund-raising, 210

maps, 238

middle schools, 271

United Service to China, 236

See also United Board for Christian Colleges in China

Associated Boards of Christian Colleges in Asia, University of Nanking, 477

Associated Mission Treasurers in China, 354, 395

Association for American Universities, 145

Association for the Chinese Blind, 49, 88, 225, 258, 271, 389

Association for the Welfare of Children in China, 286

Association of the Holy Childhood, 343

Association Press of China (YMCA), 54, 434

Association Secretarial School of China, 271

astronomy, 61, 73, 486

atheism, 82

Japanese soldiers I tipped my hat to them and tried to smile. Most of them responded with a solute, some with a bow and some with a smile.

Fortunately, I had not long been at the Cathedral before Mr. Tamlinson arrived. Bishop Fevre represents the Catholic Missions, Mr. Tamlinson the English and I the American.

While we were there together a very fat, bewhiskered and jovial Japanese officer came in. He spoke a little English and he seemed very happy about everything in general.

We learned that Major Takahashi would be at Mr. Hope's house about 9:30 and that Mr. Hope would give us an introduction, so we hurried along. We got the introduction, found the Major could speak a little English and got an appointment for five this afternoon.

We all went back at five and waited until six, but the Major did not show up. We agreed to try again tomorrow early in the morning to see if we can get him before he leaves headquarters.

As far as guns and air-raids are concerned, the war is over for us. But the dangers that lie ahead of us will take perhaps a greater toll of lives than did the guns and bombs. Now we have theft, forced labor, rape, disease, starvation and narcotics to fight.

April 22, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

The International Relief delegation met at Major
Takahashi's headquarters this morning at eight and re-
quested an appointment. We were told to return at one
o'clock this afternoon. We did so, waited until two-
thirty, saw him then as he came in, requested a few
minutes to talk and were asked to wait until he had
lunch. We waited until three-thirty and saw him going
out. He told us to go home and wait at our churches.

We are waiting, but in the meantime we are prepar-
ing a letter together with the other information which
we will ask Mr. Hanson at the Customs House to put in
the Major's hands the next time he sees him.

In the meantime there is a lot of theft and rape
going on. The Japanese soldiers have not molested any
of our mission property, but they are now looting what-
ever was left by the Chinese.

The Chinese came to us to ask protection for their
things, but there is nothing we can do. We have about
one hundred and fifty women and children in the camp
here. If we try to protect their property we may not
be able to protect their lives or their persons.

Meanwhile we are gradually getting news of the
other places. The Chinese soldiers broke into the
Baptist Mission across the river, and, during the
fighting there, seven soldiers were killed on the
Baptist compound. They fought all over Riverbend

Campus and the buildings are badly damaged. However, the rice was hidden in the toilets and they got it all out into the Catholic Mission later. It can now be used to feed the refugees.

The Japanese have treated the foreigners with politeness so far.

April 23, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

Today has been the day of reaction. There have
been no appointments to keep and no outside calls. The
erruption under my right eye, which used to bother me
when I was a boy has come back again. So I have spent
most of the day in a passive position, this morning in
a chair by the gate and this afternoon on the sofa with
a salt pack on my eye.

We have not heard from Mr. Smith since he went to
Yuyao. We have heard that Yuyao has been taken and we
realize he is doing just what we are doing here.

Tonight is my night to sleep in bed, and I am cer-
tainly glad of that.

1

(A) Consolidation (1st run)

A.B.C.C.C. <u>See</u> Associated Boards for Christian Colleges in China

A.B.C.F.M. <u>See</u> American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

A.B.F.M.S. <u>See</u> American Baptist Foreign Mission Society

A.P.B. <u>See</u> Adorers of the Precious Blood

A.S.C. <u>See</u> Adorers of the Blood of Christ

Aarhus, Denmark,

AAU, 145, {CHK}

ABCC. <u>See</u> Associated Boards for Christian Colleges in China

Associated Boards for Christian Colleges in China
- audio recordings, 53,
- conferences and dinners,
- photographs, 53,

ABCFM. <u>See</u> American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

maps
Foochow 152,

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 152,
in China 159,

abduction,
by Boxers 297,

aborigines,
of Formosa, 9,

Abounding Grace Hospitals, 340,

academic life,
at Yenching University 335,

Academy College at Tung-sho, 54,

Academy of Natural Sciences 345,

Academy of Natural Sciences,

April 24, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

This morning I went to the hospital to have
Dr. Hong look at my eye. Pastor Ching went with me
and we also went to the Baptist Mission, Riverside
School and the city church. All of the folks had a
bad day Sunday, but are all well and have had no
trouble with the soldiers. Officers have called at
several places to inquire about conditions, and in
every case they have been polite.

Pastor Ching and I have passed many soldiers and
they have been polite to us.

This afternoon I planted some tomato seedlings
and set out some squash. There is going to be a much
more serious food shortage as time goes on and we will
need all of the food we can possibly raise.

April 25, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

My eye is much better tonight and I expect it will
be normal again in two more days.

It has been rainy all day. I spent the first part
of the morning fixing a little hut near the gate so
that those who watch the gate may keep dry. I got a
man working on the garden at the school next door so
that we can get corn planted there. Then I worked at
painting American flags on pieces of tin to nail up
on our mission property.

Just after lunch two military police came in to
find out who we were and what we are doing. They were
young fellows and one of them spoke fairly good English.

Then I took a flag and some notices over to put
on the gates of the city church. It seems that a lot
of soldiers have been going in there although nothing
has been harmed.

When I got back I found Major Kishinami at Mrs.
Smith's house. He was checking up on all foreigners.
He speaks excellent English and seems very pleasant.
He asked us to report to him if we had trouble of any
kind.

Well, tonight I threw away my school schedule.
It is a thing that I will never again need in Ningpo.

["12", "North River, 24\nHe asks us to think about the impact on the world economy when\nEverybody starts raising our Giant Squash Elixir. The North Klang\nindustries would be closed down because the Squash would eat\nNorth Fukien. See Fukien", "North Shens. This one raises all kind of questions. See Shens.\nHas a lot of muscle. This one raises all kind of questions. See Shens.\nNorthern Baptist Convention, 46, 246, 294, 362. See also\nGovernment on his side, and the Environmental Protection Agency\nNorthern Baptist Convention, 46, 246, 294, 362. See also\nBaptists", "\"Understood! Now for the tough one, because he has the\nNorthern China Synod, 235", "North West Bible Institute of 108\nconfidential, understand?\nNorthwest China 41 45 194 262\nbonuses for your faculty at the end of the year. Strict\nsetting up a blind trust in a Swiss Bank for you. Use of\nNorthwest China Synod", "Northwestern Partisan Relief Committee 207\nforsaken scams? By the way, this is just between you and me.\nNorthwestern Partisan Relief Committee 207\nThis is just between you and me. I am and I am\nsetting up a blind trust in a Swiss Bank for you. Use of\nNorthwest China Synod", "Northwest China Synod\nLoan Association which puts his money into all kinds of good\nNorwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 198 201\ndividends he gets from his savings in the Motherload savings\nNorwegian Evangelical Lutheran Free Church 275\nEndowment for the Arts and Sciences? Is he influenced by the\nNorwegian Lutheran China Missions Lectionary 275\nIs his research tainted with the money you get from the National\nBoard of Foreign Missions, 2/5\nNorwegian Lutheran Church of America 182 200 287\nWomen, 49, 201\n\"That's easy. Ask him where he got the 2/5", "Women, 49, 201\nNorwegian Mission Hospital 275\nNorwegian Missions Hospital 275\nNorwegian Missions Society 275\ndividends we are in the soup\nresearch? How can I deal with that? Evergreen\nburpless\nNorwegian Missions Hospital 275 468\ntogether?\"", "Norwegian Missions Hospital 275\nNorwegian Missions

April 26, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

I went out to the school this morning to rescue a white angora rabbit. One of the teachers had already rescued him so I centered my altruism upon a couple of camp cots, which I had left at a workman's shop several weeks ago. I roped them to my bicycle and got home without adventure.

Yesterday Major Kishinami volunteered to send letters out for us, so I took some over to his headquarters.

This morning Pastor Ching started having classes for the refugee women and children. Tomorrow they will divide into three sections, Christians in one section, non-Christians in another and children in a third. There are two hundred and fifty women and children in camp now.

I worked in the garden late this afternoon. I planted more corn, fertilized the corn that is already up and carried a lot of water.

Tonight is my night on duty, so I sleep down here on a cot - fully dressed and equipped for whatever may happen.

April 27, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

This has been a quiet Sunday. I watched the gate
all morning and this afternoon I took Pastor Ching over
to see all the city churches. They are all o.k.

We had about three hundred people, including ser-
vants, in the compound over night. About fifty women
and children went out this afternoon.

Before I forget it, I will put down Edward's two
classic war sayings. Last Saturday morning, during some
heavy bombing, all the windows in the Smith house rattled.
Edward noticed and said, "Aunt Mabelle's house is jumping."
Sunday morning, when the machine guns were very noisy,
he said, "Man beating a rug."

Such expressions from children show how all new
experiences are related to past experiences. It is the
building up, relating, and application of these exper-
iences that can be called knowledge. When we logically
or experimentally make deductions from these exper-
iences, we are living creatively.

Now our problem is how, from all the evil exper-
iences of war, can we work out a new and better way
to live. Then, having found it for ourselves, how
can we apply it to humanity.

17

stand!

******

Neither Steven nor I had the slightest hunch as to what was happening, nor did Gwynn Adamovitch, the blond Seraph who lived next door. Steven phoned me the day his packet of seeds arrived from The Burpless Seed Company with the news that he had put my five seeds in the mail the same day. Three days later I phoned him with the news that the seeds had arrived, and we both went out to plant our seeds as soon as we had hung up the phones. The only advice I gave him was to plant the seeds in the most sunny spot he could find, for Seattle is notorious for lack of sunlight smothered in fog. I also had a sunlight problem because we lived in a forest of gum and maple trees, but I found two spots for my experiment. I planted three seeds in a spot to the east of our house where sunlight sneaked in through the tops of tall gum trees. I selected a two-foot strip of rich soil between my driveway and Gwynn's backyard for the second planting.

She was asleep in the sun that Saturday afternoon so I worked very quietly. All went well. The seeds were embedded in rich compost I had made from the leaves of oak and gum trees gathered a year earlier. I turned a fine water spray on low to soak everything down, but an eddy of breeze whipped a sheet of spray

April 23, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

This has been a quiet but busy day. This morning I went to school to see about some things there and then to Tomlinson's to see about the school rice. In the afternoon I went to buy oranges for which I paid two dollars a pound. Then to Sister Sangery to see how conditions were with her. Then I came home and planted tomatoes. Since there has been a fine drizzle all day, the ground was just right for seedlings. I set out twenty-five ponderosa plants.

Edward put on his knee boots and rain hat and
helped me. We had a good time working together.

This morning I also got a male rabbit from one of
the teachers at school, so the pair plus the five little
ones ought to produce a little meat for us during these
times when meat is so hard to get.

18

over onto Gwynn, perfectly relaxed on a large yellow beach towel
spread on the lawn. She jerked awake with a little scream, pulling
the edge of the beach towel over the scar on her leg.

"What are you doing?" she asked accusingly.

"I am planting a couple of squash seeds," I answered. "I am
sorry I disturbed you."

"Why do you have to water them now?" The irritation in her
voice was obvious. "And why can't you buy squash at the market?"

"Let me turn off the water before I answer those questions."
Standing awkwardly on my side of the little garden I started to
tell her the story of my deal with Steven, or rather, Steven's deal
with me.

Her irritation softened. "Your Steven sounds like an
interesting chap. Come on over and tell me more about him," and
she patted a spot of grass.

She listened with professional psychiatric objectivity through
my whole story, then began probing the life of my squash.
"When will it first come up? What will it look like? What are
it's enemies? How do you nurture it?"

She laughed with disbelief, as if I were a little crazy, when
I told her I would spend up to an hour a day taking care of the
plants, that I would nip off all the buds except one which promised
to be very strong so that all the nutrients could go to one fruit
instead of many, Her mismatched eyes bored into mine when I told
her that I would cut off the largest leaves and pour yogurt and

April 30, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

I gave Tomlinson two thousand dollars, International
Relief Funds for Father Delafosse.

Our cook's ten year old boy started out on a twenty
mile walk to his home this morning. The fighting has
been severe in the vicinity of their home and the cook
sent his little boy out to find out conditions.

The boy was in our mission primary school until the
fighting in Ningpo. Then he came here to stay with his
father. Since all schools are indefinitely disbanded,
there is nothing for the boy (and hundreds like him)
to do.

He started on the twenty mile walk with a tummy
full of rice and thirty cents and a few flat wheat
cakes in his pockets. He did not know the road, but
would inquire as he went along. He expected to reach
home before dark. If so, he is home now. I hope he
made it o.k.

Today I started on my last piece of work in the
second year of Mandarin study. It is to learn to write
four hundred Chinese characters and one hundred radicals.
The radicals are quite easy, but the characters take
a lot of work.

Discounting all interruptions, I suppose I only
got about two hours of solid study today.

19

buttermilk down the hollow stems for extra protein and calcium,
"You ARE crazy!" she hooted. Being used to such reactions from my
wife to my horticultural experiments, I went on, "and, once I have
located the largest leaf stems near the single bud selected to
produce the squash, I will infuse the stem cavities with phyto-
plankton and gamma-linoleic acid to strengthen the master hormones.
Don't call the cops if you see me stroking the leaves and stems so
that some of my kinetic energy will flow into the vines, and hear
me talking with it. Also, At appropriate times I will set my
cassette player among the leaves to play encouraging music such as
Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture written to memorialize the 1812 victory
of the Russians over the invading armies of Napoleon. There will
be other victorious music too, like "We Shall Overcome," the great
theme song of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960's.

She said nothing, but her mismatched eyes pitied me. Slowly
she smoothed more lavender-scented sun screen to her shoulders and
legs. "Do you need some help?" I volunteered.

"No thank-you! You can go home now. Then coldly, "I'll be
interested in your project though."

I took that as a cue to go home. She watched me intently as
I retreated and cleaned up the garden tools.

"Let me know what I can do to help!" she called somehwat
derisiveley as I disappeared into the tool shed.

*****

May 1, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

By a queer stroke of circumstance I have been us-
ing the backs of pages on which I wrote peace orations
for college oratoxical contests thirteen years ago. It
is interesting to read those things which I wrote in
the magnificent innocence of youth. As far as I can see,
the orations were all true - the ideas were all so purely
ideal and visionary that they could not be false. But
the unsaid and the unrealized 'is painful.

One oration ends with these words, "Under the por-
trait of a man of virtue I saw the words that give the
only solution to the problem of world peace, that will
quench the disputes of the mightiest nations, that will
make of earth a second heaven; 'Live pure, speak true,
right wrongs, follow the Christ, else wherefore born.'"

Beautiful words! True words! But how utterly
unconscious of the evil in men's hearts!

One thing I have learned in the Bible since I
first wrote those words; there can be no such thing as
universal perfection. There is too much selfishness
in the hearts of men - selfishness that cannot be
cured.

Now, the question is this; realizing the tremen-
dous load of sin carried on the heart of the world,
what course are we to follow?

Major Kishinami brought his successor for an

GWYNN AND THE GIANT KILLER SQUASH

by

Apfel R. Strudl

For the twenty-fifth birthday of Sasha Adamovitch

*****

Disclaimer. The names of persons and places and the events in this
story are strictly intentional.

*****

All rights reserved, including profits from the manufacture and
sale of products directly and indirectly developed from the ideas
in this story. Profits are to be divided as follows: twenty
percent to Katydid Mellon and Jacques Turbido, twenty percent to
Cornhill University, twenty percent to The Burpless Seed Company,
and twenty percent to the author.

May 2, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

I have never found it so hard to concentrate on my
studies as it is now. I can spend an hour learning to
write fifty Chinese characters - leave them for half an
hour and two-thirds are forgotten.

To force myself to sit still and study is hard. I
think of a thousand little things that I should get up
and do. I have to go to the toilet three times as
often as usual. I develop an appetite and need some-
thing to eat; or thirst and need a drink.

When I am doing something active and purely phy-
sical I feel fine. Just as soon as I can finish this
language examination I will begin packing boxes and
trunks and my nerves will have a rest.

This, I suppose, is nature's way of resting tired,
nervous systems. We must alternate periods of severe
nervous strain with periods of purely physical activity
in order to keep sane and strong.

10

"ESP--extra-sensory perception."

"What's that?"

"A kind of mental telepathy."

"What's that. Speak my language Forrest."

"I had an identical dream last night--absolutely identical."

"I don't believe it."

"You'd better believe it. It's a portent, excuse me
Evergreen, it's a sign that we are in for something big--VERY BIG."

"Did you see the two-inch banner headlines in the world press?

"I sure did!"

Weren't they magnificent? EVERGREEN--FORREST WIN NOBELS!
with a one-inch sub-head "Three-Star Winners--First in History."

President Forrest winced, "Correction", he said. "My dream
had FORREST--EVERGREEN WIN NOBELS!. The research institution is
always mentioned first in situations like this."

There was a dead silence at the Burpless end of the line.

Forrest banged his telephone and shouted, "Are you there, Evergreen!"

"I'm here." Silence again.

"Well?"

"Let the Nobel Committee decide on whose name comes first."

Another moment of silence. You need another million or so to
finish the project, don't you?"

Forrest slurped the dregs from his coffee cup and found them
bitter.

May 4, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

We had church service in the girl's primary school this morning and in the city church this afternoon. Since the church and school gates are still bricked up the people had to come and go through our gate. There were about forty at the chapel service this morning.

I stayed in the compound this morning while Mrs. Smith went to chapel. I went across the river to the city church this afternoon, while she stayed at home. There were about twenty women and ten men at the city church - most of them of the beggar class.

12

"Ignore that guy--he won't have a following. Forget him!"

"But there is an ethics professor who does have a following. He raises questions of what is right and what is wrong, and this involves you and the Burpless people. 'Is it right for a University with a world-wide reputation for integrity, such as we have at Cornhill, to have our research motivated by money from a seed company which has a vested interest in the outcome of our research?' How can I deal with that Evergreen--we are in the soup together?"

"That's easy. Ask him where he gets his money to live on. Is his research tainted with the money you get from the National Endowment for the Arts and Sciences? Is he influenced by the dividends he gets from his savings in the Motherload Savings and Loan Association which puts his money into all kinds of God-forsaken scams? By the way, this is just between you and me, I'm setting up a blind trust in a Swiss Bank for you to use for bonuses for your faculty at the end of the year. Strictly confidential, understand?

"Understood! Now for the tough one, because this professor has the government on his side, and the Environmental Protection Agency has a lot of muscle. He raises all kinds of tough questions. He asks us to think about the impact on the world economy when everybody starts raising our Giant Squash Elixir. The pesticide industries would be closed down because the squash would eat all the insects. Hundreds of thousands of jobs would be lost. And the Giant Squash would eat all the good insects along with the

May 7, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

I have spent the whole day on International Relief
work. We are now trying to get permission to get a load
of Red Cross wheat and flour to Ningpo. But it is hard
to get in contact with the proper authorities.

Ellen had a nice birthday dinner for me tonight.
Mrs. Smith and the Lengyels were here. However, there
are too many things on my mind to keep me from real
pleasure. I will not feel free and easy until we get
back home again--if we do.

4

Steven unscrewed his Wart Hog Bank, extracted 35 pennies, and told me to order the squash at once. So we tore the order form out of the Burpless Garden Catalog, wrote in the catalog number and the name of the item ordered, and enclosed the 35 pennies. Steven borrowed a postage stamp from his mother, promising to pay her back when he won the prize, and we walked to the local post office to mail the order. During the walk we agreed that as soon as the seeds arrived, Steven would send me five seeds. I would telephone him as soon as they arrived and we would plant the seeds on the same day. We also agreed that we would harvest the squash on October 12th, the day of his father's birthday, and that the weighing of the squash would be the central event of his father's birthday party. He would tell his father about it as soon as he got home from the Post Office. There were no rules for our activity between the planting and the weighing. Steven would be on his own, and I would be on my own..

His visions of glory, and my unwitting acquiescence, led to
the near death of a beautiful young woman who had moved into the
house next to our home in Englewood, New Jersey, while we were at
Steven's birthday party in Seattle.

*****

The victim was sun bathing in the back yard of her new home

May 8, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

I have slept a lot today to make up for last night.

Thieves broke into the school at one o'clock last
night. As prearranged, the servants rang the school
bell when they heard the thieves and the bell aroused
me. I, in my pajamas, ran over to do battle but found
that they had already gone.

They had broken a hole in the compound wall facing
the river and had come in there. They got away with
the clock from the chapel, a few small things and a
little rice.

However they had gotten a lot of other things
ready to take, some pots and pans, a big bag of salt,
some nice chairs etc.

The bell scared them out so quick that they left
behind a hammer, an iron for breaking in the wall and
a big brass gong. What the gong was for I surely don't
know.

Well, such excitement gets one's blood racing and
I could not sleep much the rest of the night. From
that time on I heard every little sound made by every
little leave waving on every little branch.

We got the wall repared today and I have also
gotten a carpenter to board up all the outside windows
at the boy's primary school farther down the street.
It seems that lawlessness is going to make life very
hard - both organized lawlessness and private lawless-
ness.

5

when we returned from Seattle. I whistled softly as I carried the
baggage in our side door. "I wonder if that is our new neighbor?"
my wife said quietly.

"I hope so," I replied. "I had better go out and introduce
myself," I said eagerly.

"Not so fast!" my spouse shot back, "You get these bags
unpacked and then we can go out together."

"But maybe she will have gone inside by then."

"Okay, at least she will be dressed my then."

She was still basking in the May scented afternoon when we
went out. The sun from the west backlighted her hair with a golden
halo cascading over the back of her-longue to the lush
green grass below. Nothing marred the contours of her body except
the faintest suggestion of a bra and a bikini of shimmering gold
fabric. "She's asleep," my wife whispered, "let's come another
time."

But our movement awakened her, and as she pulled a beach towel
over her legs I noticed a long scar which curved from the mid-point
on her right thigh toward the front of her ankle.

She sat up, waved her hand with a friendly "Hi" and said, "I hope
you are not offended. I just love your New Jersey sun."

"Welcome to Murray Avenue," I replied. "This is my wife,
Esther, named after the girl who won the beauty contest run by

May 9, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

The dogs barked and the gongs boomed and the bells rang again last night at 2:00 A.M. I got up and ran over to the school, but this time it seemed to be a false alarm. We could find no one in the place nor any place where they might have entered. But the disturbance at that time of night spoiled the rest of my sleep, and I have felt tired all day.

We had a meeting of mission representatives this morning to settle some questions about the school. The first people arrived at 8:00 A.M. and we worked until 11:45 A.M. There are many difficult problems to be settled.

achievement would be the voracious appetite of the Venus-Squash for insects which would not only rid the world of pests but also make pesticides totally unnecessary.

The crowning glory would be the production of an enzyme which would rid the world of cancer. One of the researchers in the Department of Oncology at the Cornhill School of Medicine told them that oncologists in Europe were already using an enzyme developed from the Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) for the cure of cancer, and that there were records to prove its success. The only current problem was scarcity of the enzyme since the Venus Flytrap grew only in limited quantities in a few places in the world. The Executives had illusions of grandeur that outshone Steven's illusions by a million light years. The new Venus-Squash could be grown in unlimited quantities all over the world. With such a new source of the enzyme they could manufacture a cancer cure in great quantities, sell it at a very attractive price, and be the agents through which cancer would be eliminated from humanity, just as other fatal diseases such as the dreaded small-pox and the fatal yellow fever had been eliminated.

The stake in money and world improvement kept the Burpless Executives awake long past their bedtimes, and put tremendous pressures on the staff at Cornhill University. The Cornhill administration had their eyes on a percentage of the profits in perpetuity, and also on the world-wide prestige of their

May 11, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

We had more people at church this morning than last Sunday. So far there has been no interference with church services. There has been some question of pastors by the Special Service Bureau, but it has all been friendly.

We had John Jackson over to lunch. He leads a lonely life out at school, but it is hard for him to get away very often.

DIRECTIONS TO:

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

MAYWOOD

Route 4 (East) to Spring Valley Road exit, bear right, go one block to light, left at light to Maywood Avenue, right on Maywood Avenue, pass two traffic lights to Thoma Avenue.

Route 4 (West) to Forest Avenue. Left on Forest Avenue, past Bergen Mall, Forest Avenue becomes Maywood Avenue. Continue on Maywood Avenue to Thoma Avenue.

Route 80 (East) to Saddle Brook exit. You will proceed under Route 80 at turn-off and continue across street to traffic light at Rochelle Avenue, Rochelle Park. Turn left, proceed to Central Avenue. Turn right on Central, continue to Maywood Avenue. Left on Maywood Avenue and proceed to Thoma Avenue.

Route 17 North and 80 West - North on 17 to Essex Street. Right turn to traffic light which is intersection of Essex and Maywood Avenue. Left at this light onto Maywood Avenue and proceed to Thoma Avenue which is 4 blocks past the railroad tracks.

May 14, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

We have hardly had a moment to sit down and rest
since five forty-five this morning. I made out a list
of goods sold to Miss Combs and took it to her before
breakfast. Immediately after breakfast I took two rik-
sha loads of things over to her place - a mile from here.
From the time I got back until lunch time there were
people calling here, some to look at things for sale,
and some to get relief money.

Immediately after lunch I took the family and ser-
vants over to a Buddhist temple on the other side of the
river to get cholera-typhoid inoculations. That is
about two miles from home. The Japanese army has made
this compulsory upon the whole population. It is a
good idea and we are glad for the protection.

As soon as I got back I went with pastor Ching to
transport rice for the poor schools. If the rice is
not carefully watched it is apt to be stolen on the
road. That kept me busy until 6:00 P.M. After supper
we planned the christening service for the Lengyel
baby.

May 15, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

Dr. Lengyel and I spent most of the morning trying to see some responsible Japanese officer who would us get a pass for the Lengyel family to go back to Yuyao. We found all the men we tried to see either out or sick or unwilling to see us. We will try again tomorrow.

Quite a few people came to the Christening service this afternoon. I used the service in the book of forms that was used for my father's and mother's wed-ding. It is a good service.

After the service the ladies served some very fine eats and some good coffee. When the people had all gone I went to see pastor Ching. He had just received a printed announcement from the Japanese Special Service Bureau stating that there will be a meeting for all Christian leaders on Saturday at 1:00 P.M. One meeting is to be at our city church and one at the Catholic Cathedral. He had not been consulted. Now there is nothing to do but attend. This is the beginning of the attempt of the army to control the Church in this part of China.

May 17, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

The thing that affected me most today was a beggar
at our gate. I found him there when I came home from
the meeting of protestant pastors over in the city. He
was a scabby skeleton who had carried his quilt to our
gate and with his head on a rolled up burlap sack, was
begging or groaning at the people who went by. The
Chinese usually drop copper pieces in the beggar's
baskets, but now they have no coppers and the plight
of the beggars is terrible.

I gave the man fifty cents and asked him to move
on. He picked up his bed and walked away.

The fact that I did no more than give him fifty
cents is what I have been thinking about ever since.
The amount of money I gave him makes no difference.
I could give him ten dollars and the problem would
still remain.

The beggar needs more than money. First he needs
to be fed until he is normal physically. He needs to
be cured of sickness or disease until he is strong.
Then his soul and mind must be changed until he has
a new view on life.

To make a beggar a useful part of society is a
large and tedious work. But until we attempt the com-
plete reformation no amount of dropping money in baskets
will be of any use at all.

May 18, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

The Japanese military police came this afternoon to inquire about Dr. Sengyel going to Yuyao. They got the names and ages of his family and the number and measurements of his luggage. They asked him when it would be convenient to go. He answered, "Tuesday," and they said they would see if it could be arranged.

The man in charge of the delegation is Mr. Tanaguchi. He speaks a little more English than most of them and seems to be a fine sensitive type of man.

He also said that he could bring Mrs. Smith back when he came.

All my contacts with these soldiers have made me realize that they are men like the rest of us, most of them younger men. They have their own ideals, morals, hopes, fears and loves. They would all rather be at home with their loved ones than out here on the battlefield.

Mr. Tanaguchi said that he had been here in China three years and that he had no leave until the war was over. He said that he did not think of his father or mother or wife, but his face betrayed his emotions as he spoke.

Major Kishinami said he had a three year old son whom he had never seen. Mr. Ono said that he had a baby boy two years of age whom he had not seen.

Having been totally separated from loved ones for

three years is very hard, but the future is still more
terrible. When these young men are bound out for China
they are bound to stay until the war is over. There is
no leave for them except death or victory.

Realizing all this one can quite easily understand
why they hate those outside countries who lend support
to continue the battle. Every ton of supplies we send
to China keeps them that much longer from their loved
ones and from peace which they so much desire.

3

Watlam, Maryknoll Fathers at, 250

Wayland Academy (Hangchow), 277

weather, storm map, 178

weddings, 80, 320

Week in China, The, 160

weights and measures, Chinese, 11

Wei Hsien (Wei Hien) (Shantung), 176, 356

Benedictines, 203

girls' schools, 8

hospitals, 148, 271, 286-7, 353

internment camps, 109, 111, 125-7, 137, 203, 245, 333

leprosy out-patient clinic, 224

mission, 8-9, 23

Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 56, 276, 286-7, 355

Second Shantung Missionary Conference (1898), 40

Shantung Christian University, 308

Sisters of Providence, 125-7

Weihu, Disciples of Christ in, 368

Weihwei, Presbyterian Church, Canada, mission hospital, 287

Wei li pao, 258, 264

Wei Ling Girls' Academy (Soochow), 308, 389

Weishih Hospital, 121

Wei yin yüeh k'an, 258, 264

welfare, 197, 259

Wellesley College, 178-9, 296, 361

Wellesley Alumnae Magazine, 178

Wellesley College News, 179

Wellesley-Yenching, 52-4, 59, 88, 178

Wen hsüeh nien pao (Chinese Literature Annual), 66

Wen hua t'u shu k'o chi k'an (Boone Library School Quarterly), 181

Wen Shan Girls' School (Orlinda Childs Pierce Girls' School) (Foochow), 51, 277

Wen she (Literature and Society), 88, 98, 282

May 19, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

The last word is that Dr. Sengyel and his family
can go to Yuyao in the morning at eight o'clock. The
military police will go with them.

The meeting of representatives of the Christian
churches at the Japanese Special Service Bureau went
off as expected.

By accident I did not get there. I was to meet
Pastor Ching at 12:45 P.M. and go with him. But I was
fifteen minutes late and he went on alone. Not knowing
the place where the meeting was held, I had to return
home.

The new officials made a bid, reports Pastor Ching,
for all religious organizations to help in the estab-
lishment of the peace and prosperity of the new govern-
ment. They want the churches to continue to feed and
clothe the poor and to care for the homeless and educate
the children.

But I think, aside from the above, they really want
to get control over the churches to make them subject
to the government as in other totalitarian governments.

4

Wenchow,

English Methodist Free Church Mission, 253

Maryknoll Mission, 250

Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

Wenchow dialect, Bible in, 82, 249

Wesley College (Wuchang), 279, 288

Wesleyan Methodist Church, 56, 277

Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Association (London), 285

Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, 27, 39, 50, 60, 64, 134, 230, 289, 379

Canton, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

Central China, 277, 470

Hopeh, 277

hospitals, 148, 277, 286, 288

Hunan, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

Hupeh, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

missions and missionaries, 246, 277, 470

Ningpo, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

North China, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

overseas schedules, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

South China, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379, 470

South West China, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

Wenchow, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

Wuchang, 27, 49, 91, 112, 134, 230, 379

Wesleyan University, 38-9

Wesleyan Alumnus, 38-9

Wesleyan Christian Advocate, 84

Wesleyan Chungking Institute, 38-9

Wesleyan-in-China, 39

West, 24, 60, 63

West Brookfield (MA), 245

West China, 23, 42, 56, 87, 122, 246, 253, 278-9, 323, 344, 355, 359, 361, 369

American Baptist Convention Foreign Mission Society, 49, 55, 174, 270, 295, 330, 362

American Bible Society, 51

archaeology, 79

Baptist missions, 295, 330, 362

birds, 78

Border Research Society (Chengtu), 52, 78-9, 479

Canadian Methodist missions, 269

May 20, 1941

Ningpo, Chekiang

The whole Sengyel family sailed for Yuyao promptly
at eight o'clock this morning. They took all of their
things and a guard went with them.

Life will be more difficult for them in Yuyao than
it was here. That is more or less of an outpost while
Ningpo is a protected port.

Have been reading H.G. Welles, "Experiment in
Autobiography." It seems to me that his chief value
is in his independence of thought. His opinions seem
to usually be based on nothing more than personal feel-
ings, and that is not a sure enough foundation to vali-
date any idea.

"This sentence of his is worth remembering," "If life
is not good enough for you, change it." Another one is
this, "If you want something sufficiently, take it and
damn the consequences." The idea being that the end in
any case is defeat - but more chance of success in fight-
ing than in mere submission to the dreariness of unin-
teresting existence.