[351] Dec. 5

Public Papers of the Presidents

351 Joint Statement on Economic, Industrial, and Technological Cooperation Between the United States and Romania. December 5, 1973

ON the occasion of his official visit in the United States of America the President of the State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Nicolae Ceauşescu held talks with the President of the United States of America, Richard Nixon, on December 4 and 5, 1973, with regard to the development of economic relations between Romania and the United States.

Henry Kissinger, the Secretary of State, George Shultz, the Secretary of the Treasury, Frederick Dent, the Secretary of Commerce and other officials on the American side; and Manea Măncescu, Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Chairman of the State Planning Committee, George Macovescu, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vasile Pungan, Counsellor to the President and other Romanian officials also participated in discussions.

The two Presidents have emphasized the favorable development of economic relations between their two countries and they expressed their determination to promote and expand economic, industrial and technological cooperation on the basis of respect for sovereignty, independence, non-interference in domestic affairs, juridical equality, mutual advantage, and refraining from the threat or use of force.

President Nixon and President Ceauşescu expressed their satisfaction with the remarkable rate of growth in United States-Romanian trade, which has increased more than fourfold since President Nixon's visit to Bucharest in 1969.

Both Presidents noted particularly the

rapid growth in Romania's exports to the United States, due to the major efforts that Romania has made to promote its exports to the United States.

It was anticipated that the trade will continue to grow at the same pace or better during 1974 and the following years. The two Presidents stressed that the two countries have taken several actions to encourage and facilitate this growth in trade.

The two Presidents noted the importance of the meetings and talks to be held by President Ceauşescu with American business leaders aimed at finalizing agreements and understandings and generating new interest in doing business with Romania.

The Presidents noted that, in recognition of Romania's status as a developing country the United States Overseas Private Investment Corporation is now prepared to assist in insuring and financing United States investments in Romania.

The two Presidents noted, that, since November 1971, when President Nixon determined that United States exports to Romania should be eligible for United States Export-Import Bank credits and guarantees, these credits and guarantees have effectively contributed to the expansion of trade. Private United States banks have also facilitated this expansion.

The two Presidents have noted the importance of both countries' participation in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the importance of the provisions and principles of this Agreement for

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their respective economic policies.

President Nixon reaffirmed his commitment to seek authority to provide most-favored-nation tariff treatment for Romania in recognition of the importance of this reciprocal principle as a factor in international relations and in the development and diversification of economic relations between the two countries.

The two Presidents further noted that Romania's accession to the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade, and to membership in the International Monetary Fund and to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development were positive steps in broadening its world-wide economic and financial relations, and have created favorable conditions for collaboration between representatives of both countries within the framework of these international organizations, with a view to developing their economic cooperation.

The two Presidents welcomed the conclusion on the occasion of the visit of the Agreement between the Chamber of Commerce of the United States and the Socialist Republic of Romania Chamber of Commerce on setting up the Romanian-U.S. Economic Council, the Convention with Respect to Taxes on Income and Property, the Agreement relating to Civil Air Transport and the Agreement regarding Fisheries in the Western Region of the Middle Atlantic Ocean as well as specific conventions and understandings among Romanian enterprises and economic organizations and American firms with regard to economic, industrial and technological collaboration and cooperation in the fields of machine-building, electronics, chemicals and petrochemicals and other fields of mutual interest.

They also noted that discussions regarding American bondholder claims have been resumed.

In order to further the development of economic relations between the United States and Romania, the two Presidents approved the following guidelines:

1. The two Governments will facilitate, as appropriate, cooperation between interested firms, companies and economic organizations of the two countries with a view to the realization of joint projects, including joint manufacturing and marketing ventures, in the fields of industry, commerce, agriculture and natural resources, and other fields of mutual interest.

Areas of particular interest for such cooperation include machine-building, electronic and electrical industries, energy, metallurgy, mining and petroleum, chemicals and petrochemicals, light industry, foods, telecommunications, building materials, agriculture, and tourism.

2. Commercial and economic cooperation transactions will be effected on the basis of contractual arrangements between firms, companies and economic organizations of the two countries, and in accordance with the laws and regulations in force in both countries. Such contracts will generally be concluded on terms customary in international practice.

Such contracts and arrangements may encompass such matters as:

- construction of new industrial facilities, as well as the expansion and modernization of existing facilities;

- joint manufacturing and marketing by means of joint ventures or otherwise;

- licensing or patents and exchanges of economic and technical information on products, designs and technology, subject to the laws and regulations in

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effect in the two countries, including laws relating to transshipment and reexportation;

- training and exchange of specialists and trainees;

- establishment of banks and banking agencies in the two countries;

- joint cooperative projects in third countries.

Such contracts may provide for sharing and transfer of benefits, rights of participation in the management of the joint enterprises, procedures for dissolution of the joint enterprise, and return and repatriation of capital on mutually agreeable terms.

3. In their economic relations and in applying their policies within the framework of their laws and regulations, the two countries will take full account of the respective level of their economic development as well as the characteristics of the two economies. In this respect, it is noted that Romania, as a developing country, could be eligible for treatment accorded to developing countries.

4. Currency payments between firms, companies and economic organizations of the two countries will be made in United States dollars or any other freely convertible currency mutually agreed upon; other forms of payment may be agreed upon.

5. Except for a public purpose, assets belonging to nationals, companies and economic organizations of one of the two countries will not be expropriated by the other country, nor will they be expropriated without the payment of prompt, adequate and effective compensation.

6. To the extent permitted by the laws and international obligations of the two countries, equipment and materials imported temporarily into a country for

purposes of contracts concluded between firms, companies and economic organizations of the two countries, will be exempt from customs duties, other taxes and any restrictions pertaining to importation. With a view to the development of economic cooperation, both sides will examine ways and means for the application of further customs and fiscal facilitation for goods assigned to, and resulting from cooperation projects within the provisions of customs legislation in force in the two countries.

7. Each country will provide nationals, firms, companies and economic organizations of the other country protection of inventions, trademarks and trade names in accordance with the provisions of international agreements in the field to which the two countries are parties.

8. Each country will accord firms, companies and economic organizations of the other nondiscriminatory treatment as regards payment, remittances and transfers of funds or financial instruments, in accordance with arrangements to be worked out between the two countries.

9. Each country will facilitate the entry and travel of official representatives, experts, advisors and technicians of the other country employed in connection with commercial and economic cooperation transactions between their firms, companies and economic organizations, and of members of their immediate families.

10. Each country will facilitate participation of their nationals, companies and economic organizations in fairs and exhibitions, organized in the other country.

11. Both countries will facilitate the exchange of economic, commercial and technical information in fields of mutual interest, including information concern-

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ing trade in major agricultural commodities, among institutions, enterprises and economic organizations.

12. Both countries reaffirm their desire promptly and equitably to settle on an amicable basis commercial disputes which may arise. Commercial contracts should include provisions concerning arbitration of disputes resulting from commercial transactions.

Such understandings will stipulate that the arbitration be effected in accordance with the regulations of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris and will designate as place for arbitration a city in a country other than the United States or Romania which is a party to the 1958 Convention on recognition and application of foreign arbitration decisions, or any other modality agreed upon in the terms of the contract.

13. With the view of broadening and supporting economic relations between the two countries, it was agreed to establish a joint Romanian-American Economic Commission which will meet annually, alternatively in Bucharest and Washington.

The Commission will consider questions and problems relating to the reciprocal establishment of business facilities to promote economic cooperation, as well as any other matters arising in the course of their economic, industrial and technological cooperation.

The Commission will also facilitate as appropriate the establishment of joint consultative groups between representatives of firms, companies and economic organizations of the two countries on matters of particular interest.

## 352 Statement on Signing a Veterans Disability and Death Pension Bill. December 6, 1973

FOUR times in this century, America has sent her finest men into military combat, and four times the country has been well served. In equal measure, all of us now have a continuing duty to serve those who have returned to our shores and the families of those who have been lost.

This Administration has actively supported legislation which would expand benefits for veterans, including greater educational benefits, greater medical benefits, and larger pensions for older veterans.

Today I am pleased to sign into law H.R. 9474, which will provide increased pensions and related benefits for over 2 million veterans, veterans' widows, and

surviving children and parents. In this legislation the Administration and the Congress have recognized that these beneficiaries need greater assistance in their struggle to match limited incomes to the rising cost of living.

While this bill is a step in the right direction, more can be done—and should be done. As I mentioned in my message to the Congress on national legislative goals on September 10, 1973, full reform of the Veterans Administration pension program is necessary. The program is currently fraught with inconsistencies, inequities, and anomalies which cannot be corrected unless the entire framework of the program is restructured.

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OIL PRICES

[17.] Q. Mr. President, do you think that with American price controls running out on oil September 1, should you go ahead and veto the plan, that it will have any effect on the OPEC's oil-pricing plans for this fall?

THE PRESIDENT. My judgment is no. I have been assured by my economic advisers that the decontrol that Congress is forcing on me because they won't accept a reasonable compromise—not one but two—that there will be no serious economic price rise consequences.

Q. Are you talking about petroleum in America, or are you talking about
worldwide oil prices?

THE PRESIDENT. Well, we really don't know what OPEC is going to do. They have got a great oversupply. They had a tremendous increase in price. We hope that through the IEA and the joint consumer-producer negotiations that there can be a responsible action both as to the producers as well as the consumers.

REPORTER. Thank you, Mr. President.

NOTE: The question-and-answer session began at 2:31 p.m., Helsinki time.

461

Remarks on Arrival at Bucharest, Romania.

August 2, 1975

Mr. President, Mrs. Ceausescu, ladies and gentlemen:

Mrs. Ford, our son Jack, and I are highly honored and greatly pleased to visit Romania. We are especially pleased to be in this unique land so rich in history, with such a great natural beauty and such a proud and independent people.

As you may recall, Mr. President, I met with a splendid group of young Romanians in the White House several months ago.¹ I found them to be excellent and outstanding ambassadors of friendship between our two countries.

Mr. President, let us assure coming generations a more normal, relaxed, and peaceful world. We must find ways to increase real and direct cooperation among all peoples.

Among the principles we both cherish is the right of every nation to independence and sovereignty. We believe that every nation has the right to its own peace-

¹On March 24, 1975, the President met at the White House with a choral group from Romania. The group's visit to the United States was sponsored by the Friendship Ambassadors touristic and cultural exchange program.

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the agreements in Helsinki that we have reaffirmed and expanded our fine personal relationship, that we have seen concrete evidence of better relations between the Romanian people and the American people, and that we have listened to the words of one of the leaders of the nations in Europe who has been strong and forthright, that we should meet here on this occasion.

Our talks today, Mr. President, reaffirmed in the most positive terms our mutual interest in continuing to build our excellent bilateral relations.

Mr. President, my visit to Europe is of significance for another reason. We both participated in the final stages of the European Security Conference in Helsinki.

As you, Mr. President, have pointed out on many, many occasions, the dynamics of change—social, technological, global, and dimensional—affect all nations. So can and should the results of Helsinki.

We welcome, Mr. President, the changing relationship being forged between East and West. This is a relationship in which Romania continues to assume a most important role. The efforts of the United States and Romania and those of the other [thirty-] three participating nations will be very useful, and deeds equal words.

Not the least result of the Conference has been to show that smaller nations can make an independent, can make an equal and valuable contribution to the world.

While recognizing the importance of the Conference's work, the United States views it as one important step in a continuing process. It is imperative that we work together to lessen the chances for conflict. Let all nations cooperate to lessen human poverty, human suffering, and human hunger.

The challenges we face require the best efforts and the best ideas of all concerned, and all nations must have a positive and active role to play.

Mr. President, my country fully recognizes the growing interdependence of mankind, the need for increased cooperation among the industrialized nations, and a greater recognition of the concerns of the developing nations.

The United States will make full and fair contribution. We look to the other nations of the world to join with us in this important endeavor.

Mr. President, I came to Romania for another very important reason. This complex world is marked by diversity. We recognize the importance of close ties with a country that shows such independence and such vigor. We do not always agree, but we value the courage of a nation that wants to make its contribution to a better world by its own very special efforts.

Romania has won the admiration of the American people for her positive

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contributions to world understanding. I am confident that Romania will contribute constructively in helping to find practical and durable solutions to the problems of today as well as for tomorrow.

Mr. President, on behalf of Mrs. Ford and myself, I thank you and your very gracious wife for your warm hospitality. I raise my glass to you, Mr. President, and to the building of a more secure and prosperous international community in which both of our peoples will find peace and progress in the future.

NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 11:30 p.m. in the Marble Dining Room at the Palace of the Republic in response to President Ceausescu's toast.

President Ceausescu spoke in Romanian. His remarks were translated by an interpreter as follows: *Mr. President, Mrs. Elizabeth Ford, ladies and gentlemen, friends and comrades:*

I should like once again to express our joy, our joy which we share, all of us, for having the President of the United States with us, and Mrs. Ford, too, and his associates, as our guests in Romania, and with the fact that this visit is part of the continuous development of the friendly relations and cooperation between our two peoples.

I think I shall not be mistaken if I say that in this very place, 6 years ago, day for day, we welcomed the first President of the United States ever to visit Romania. By sheer coincidence, because it was not programmed to be so, you are coming to Romania precisely 6 years after.

At that time, that visit was regarded as a somewhat exceptional thing by some people. Changes of particular importance have occurred in the world since.

But in the first place, I would like to mention with deep satisfaction the fact that relations between Romania and the United States have seen very strong progress. Besides many agreements in these years, these various years, among which the last agreement regards our trade relations which, I have to say, was today ratified unanimously by the Council of State, while a few days ago it was adopted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States.

I can say that once this agreement has come into force, an agreement whereby our two countries mutually grant each other the most-favored-nation treatment, although I will have to recognize that Romania stands to gain significantly as a result of this, larger, broader prospects are opening up for the development of economic relations between our two countries.

In order not to have people believe that Romania will have I don't know what kind of advantages as a result, I have to say that this simply means

that Romanian products are going to enjoy the same status as the produce of other countries on the United States market.

It now follows, of course, for our goods to prove competitive both in terms of price, quality, and technically. In the last few years, our trade exchanges have gone up almost four times over. I am convinced that after this trade agreement has come into force in the forthcoming years, we can achieve a substantial increase in our economic exchanges and cooperative adventures, although fulfilling the target of $1 billion per annum in the next 3 to 4 years.

As you see, Mr. President, we are also practical people and we talk primarily of material things, things of economic exchanges. But I should not fail to mention the fact that during these years we also concluded agreements in technology, science, culture, and there has been an intensive exchange of people in various walks of life between our two countries.

Only in the last few years, more than 5,000 American young people spent several weeks in Romania, and starting last year, groups of Romanian young people also visited the United States, within the program appropriately called Ambassadors for Friendship. Indeed, they are good ambassadors for peace and cooperation.

We attach special attention to such activities, not only or necessarily in connection with humanitarian problems, as described in the documents we signed together yesterday, but mainly with the need we feel for the people of our two countries—for the young people all over the world—to meet together to strengthen their cooperation, so that in the future they can be at peace and work together with each other with no threat of force or war.

Bearing all this in mind, I wish to express my hope—more, indeed, my conviction—that your visit to Romania is going to mark a moment of particular and new importance for the further extension of many-sided cooperation in all fields between our two countries.

I think I am not going to disclose a special secret if I simply mention that during our talks tonight we agreed to work in this direction with a conviction that this responds fully to the interests of our two

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peoples, to the interests of a general policy of co-
operation and peace in the world.

In the international sphere, change has been per-
haps even more important. It is true that funda-
mental changes have occurred in the manner people
judge events, but in particular in the ratio of forces
in the international arena.

Nowadays, I think that nobody—or at least very
few people—would regard as something strange or
interpret as a heresy a visit by the President of the
United States to Romania.

On the contrary, I would rather think that it is
being regarded as something that should be normal
for relations between states. This is the most telling
proof of the depth of change in international
relations.

That is why I take the liberty to say that the
first visit 6 years ago by the President of the United
States to Romania had a particular significance, not
only for the relations between our two countries but
also for the overall course towards détente and co-
operation in international terms.

The fact that two countries with different social
systems and different insights—to say nothing about
the differences between their heritage—were able to
make a contribution, each one related to what it
stands for, for the general course of peace, illustrates
that today cooperation among states and among
peoples, regardless of size, big and small, irrespective
of their social system, becomes a factor of particular
importance for the general course of events for en-
suring new policy based on equal rights and mutual
respect among all the nations of the world.

This time is the first visit of a President of the
United States to another country, after the successful
conclusion of the European Security Conference. I
should like to interpret this as an expression of the
beginning of the application of the points we have
underscored by our signature yesterday together with
the executives of the other participating states.

Of course, it just happened that this first visit was
in Romania, but maybe it now acquires a special sig-
nificance—maybe the significance that two states
with different social systems and different insights
are firmly determined to take action in order to carry
into effect things for which they had signed the day
before.

No doubt there are still many problems in the
world that await a solution. You mentioned them
in your speech yesterday. So did I. Distinct efforts
will still be required by all states in order to see to
it that new relations are built among states and
that the right of each nation is respected for a free
development, without fear of aggression, and to
ensure the rights of each people to choose its own
social system according to its own will.

There are problems in Europe. There are prob-
lems in Cyprus, in the Middle East, Africa, Latin
America, and Asia, but all of them, could be

solved starting from this new precedent of ruling
out force, threat of the use of force. They could be
solved by peaceful means so as to give a happier
future to the people, and in particular we should
think of the future of our children, of our young
people, and of the total mankind.

We can hardly overlook the fact that the prob-
lems of disarmament are a matter of concern for
all peoples these days, but there are economic prob-
lems of most serious degree, the solution of which
requires close cooperation in order to solve them in
a way opening the road towards a new economic
order; towards the more rapid progress, in the first
place, of the developing countries; towards economic
stability ensuring the progress of all nations and a
world of peace and cooperation.

Mr. President, in a country which has won its
independence by long struggle, a country which has
seen for hundreds of years the rule of foreign domi-
nation—and everything that is here has been
achieved by struggle and by work, by toil and
sometimes by renouncing things which were neces-
sary but could be spent in order to ensure economic
and social progress of the country to make sure
of its independence.

That is precisely why we hoped so dearly from
our hearts, our own independent development, and
that is why we understand so well the people who
now wage their struggle for independence, for eco-
nomic and social development consonant with their
own will.

The country is, I think, the decisive factor in the
process of building a better world, a world with
more justice and a world of lasting peace.

The peoples have reached great achievements in
the fields of science and human knowledge in
general. People now meet in the outer space and
see eye-to-eye.

I think we should also set ourselves the goal to
meet each other here on the Earth to understand
each other, to work together with each other, in
order to make it so that each nation can enjoy her
fruits of science, technology, the advantages of
everything that human civilization has created best.

It is in that spirit that Romania, my people, wish
to cooperate closely with the people of America, with
the United States of America, with all the peoples
of the world, starting from a conviction that only
on mutual respect and only on friendly cooperation
can we note the future of human civilization, can
we build the world of peace for all.

With the conviction that the future will see even
better cooperation between our two peoples and that
your visit, sir, is going to give a new impetus to our
cooperation, I would like once again to wish you to
feel at home here during your brief visit to this
country and to express my hope that at the appro-
priate time you might come again for a longer
stay.

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on the discussions we had together as an expression of our mutual wish to extend our cooperation in all fields and to work together more closely in order to promote the policy of peace and international cooperation.

At the same time, we signed the documents whereby the two countries take note of the fact that their trade agreement has come into effect and have exchanged ratification instruments to that effect.

As a result, a better legal framework is being created for further expanding economic cooperation between our two countries.

I should like to express my satisfaction, the satisfaction of my Government, and of the Romanian people, with the fact that the relations between Romania and the United States have now been established on a mutually beneficial basis, that our two countries are now desirous to apply in the economic field the principles of mutual advantage through the mutual granting of the most-favored-nations treatment.

During these 2 days, we had talks on many problems which pertained to the relations between the two countries and also to a number of international matters which are today of general concern to mankind and which are of interest today to our two countries as well.

I am glad to note that in these conversations of ours that the occupation and the common desire have emerged to find political solutions for the complex problems now confronting mankind and to insure the continued course towards détente, cooperation, and peace in the world.

That is why I should like to emphasize with great satisfaction that your visit to Romania, sir, although a short one, is now being concluded with the most favorable results, both with regard to the relations between Romania and the United States and the future prospects of these relations, as well as with respect to the need to take further action together in the service of peace and cooperation, in the service of building a world with more justice, a better world on our planet.

This setting in the mountains, I think, has also helped create a favorable climate, and I hope this will be reflected in the continued cooperation between our two countries and between the two of us, sir.

I wish an ever better and better and fruitful co-operation between Romania and the United States. I wish that we can work together and to the good of our two peoples and of the cause of peace.

465

## Joint Communique Following Talks With President Ceausescu of Romania. August 3, 1975

AT THE invitation of the President of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Nicolae Ceausescu, and Mrs. Elena Ceausescu, the President of the United States, Gerald R. Ford, and Mrs. Elizabeth Ford, paid an official visit to Romania on August 2-3, 1975.

The distinguished guests visited places of cultural and social interest at Bucharest and Sinaia. They were given a warm welcome everywhere as an expression of the esteem and high regard in which the Romanian people hold their friends, the American people.

During the visit, President Ford and President Ceausescu held talks regarding the present stage of relations between Romania and the United States, as well as an exchange of views on a wide range of international problems of mutual interest. The talks took place in a cordial and friendly atmosphere reflecting mutual esteem and respect as well as the favorable course of Romanian-American relations in recent years.

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The two Presidents noted with satisfaction that bilateral relations in the political, economic, technical-scientific, cultural and other fields have developed and diversified in recent years in the spirit of the principles inscribed in the Joint Declaration signed at Washington on December 5, 1973.

Reaffirming the adherence of their countries to the principles in the Joint Declaration, the two Presidents resolved to continue to develop relations between the two states on the basis of these principles, in order to promote peace, international cooperation and the traditional friendship between the Romanian and American peoples.

The two Presidents gave a positive assessment to the evolution of economic links between the two countries. They resolved to continue to act to expand economic, industrial and technical-scientific cooperation and trade based on the principles and provisions of the Joint Declaration on Economic, Industrial, and Technological Cooperation between Romania and the United States adopted at Washington on December 5, 1973.

They noted also the importance of actions taken in recent years to encourage and intensify bilateral commerce, among these being the establishment and activity of the Romanian-American Joint Economic Commission and the Romanian-U.S. Economic Council, as well as joint production and commercial ventures.

The two Presidents hailed with deep satisfaction the conclusion of the Trade Agreement between the Socialist Republic of Romania and the United States of America, which represents a major contribution to the expansion of economic relations between the two countries. The two sides expressed the conviction that the entry into force of the Trade Agreement on August 3, 1975, by exchange of notices of acceptance during the visit, will help Romanian-American trade to grow and diversify, thereby influencing favorably the entire range of relations between the two states.

The two Presidents, taking note of the positive evolution of cooperative ties between economic organizations of the two countries, resolved to encourage wider links through joint activities, including the establishment of joint production and commercial ventures. To this end, the Romanian-American Joint Economic Commission, whose next session is scheduled soon in Washington, will examine appropriate ways and measures. The two Presidents decided that appropriate departments will begin, as soon as possible, the negotiation of a long-term accord on economic, industrial and technical collaboration, as well as an agricultural agreement. Possibilities for a bilateral maritime agreement will also be discussed.

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The two Presidents welcomed progress achieved in technical and scientific cooperation and expressed themselves in favor of exploring possibilities for mutually beneficial cooperation through the conclusion of collaborative agreements on energy, including nuclear energy, environmental protection, public health, and in other fields.

Both sides noted the conclusion, in December 1974, of the first long-term governmental agreement on cooperation and exchanges in the fields of culture, education, science and technology and will continue to give it full support. The two sides stressed the importance of this agreement for better mutual understanding of spiritual and material values, for expansion of links in these fields between their respective institutions, organizations and associations, and for contacts between citizens of both countries. In this context, the two Presidents welcomed exchanges and contacts between youth groups.

Regarding the coming anniversaries of major events in the histories of both nations—the Bicentennial of the United States and the Centennial of Romanian State independence—the two Presidents agreed that these events will provide occasions for further expanding mutual understanding.

The two Presidents noted that, in the spirit of the 1973 Declaration, a number of humanitarian problems have been solved. They agreed to continue to take action in this field.

President Ford expressed his concern over the recent disastrous floods which had affected Romania. He voiced admiration for the valiant efforts of the Romanian people to overcome the effects of this natural calamity. President Ceausescu thanked President Ford for his concern and the aid extended by the United States.

The two Presidents agreed that the successful conclusion of the work of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe represents an important step toward the achievement of greater security and cooperation on the continent. In order to achieve broader understanding among all the peoples of Europe, they stressed the need for abiding by and implementing all the provisions of the final act adopted at Helsinki. The two Presidents expressed their determination to strive for effective disarmament measures which strengthen the peace and security of all peoples in Europe.

The two Presidents emphasized their support for a just and equitable international order in which the right of each country, regardless of size or political, economic or social system, to choose its own destiny free from the use or threat of force will be respected. In such an international order, each country may

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develop freely on the basis of strict respect for independence, national sovereignty, juridical equality, and non-interference in its internal affairs.

During the talks, the two Presidents held an exchange of views on the complex economic problems which confront mankind. They noted that to solve these problems, account must be taken of the need to establish fair economic relations among all states and to create and consolidate an economic equilibrium which can assure stability on a world scale, in the interest of peace, international security and the general progress of all nations. Attention was given to effective means of reducing the gap between developed and developing countries.

The two Presidents reaffirmed the indissoluble link between security and effective disarmament measures as well as the pressing need for continued vigorous negotiations toward further progress in the limitation of armaments, including nuclear armaments.

The two sides expressed their concern over the situation in the Middle East and underlined the need to reach, as soon as possible, a just and lasting peace in the region, in the spirit of Resolution 338 of the Security Council of the United Nations, taking into account the legitimate interests of all the peoples of the area, including the Palestinian people, and respect for the right to independence, sovereignty and security for all states in the area.

The two sides expressed concern over the evolution of the situation in Cyprus and favored a solution based on respect for the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. They noted that the talks between the two communities on the island can contribute fruitfully to a solution of the situation.

The two Presidents agreed that good-neighborly relations of friendship among Balkan countries would contribute toward cooperation, security and improvement of the climate in Europe.

The two Presidents agreed to support the United Nations so that it may fulfill its mission of maintaining world peace and developing international cooperation and understanding.

The two Presidents welcomed the Romanian-American exchange of visits in many fields and at various levels which have taken place in recent years. In order to continue the positive direction of Romanian-American relations, they agreed to develop and intensify these periodic exchanges of views at all levels.

President Ford and Mrs. Ford expressed to President Nicolae Ceausescu and Mrs. Elena Ceausescu their deep appreciation for the extremely cordial reception which was accorded them in Romania.

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The two sides agreed that this visit was another contribution to friendship and understanding between the Romanian and American Governments and peoples and to the valuable tradition of constructive dialogue which has evolved between the two countries.

Sinaia, August 3, 1975

GERALD R. FORD

NICOLAE CEAUSESCU

NOTE: The text of the joint communiqué was released at Sinaia, Romania.

466

Remarks on Arrival at Belgrade, Yugoslavia.

August 3, 1975

President Tito, ladies and gentlemen:

Mrs. Ford, our son Jack, and I have looked forward to this visit to Yugoslavia, a country of great beauty and a country with fierce pride in its independence.

It is also a very great pleasure for me to make my first visit here as President of the United States.

Twelve years ago I came to Yugoslavia as a Member of the Congress on a far less happy occasion—Skopje had been devastated by an earthquake. I remember the sad and very grim scene. Mrs. Ford and I visited Skopje. I am very pleased to learn that Skopje has been rebuilt into a beautiful and modern city.

This is representative of the progress made throughout Yugoslavia in recent years. It is a fine example of what creativity, hard work, and determination—well-known characteristics of the Yugoslav people—can achieve.

I am looking forward to my talks with you, Mr. President. You are truly respected in America and throughout the world as one of the great men of the postwar era. I am confident that our discussions of bilateral issues and questions affecting the peace and security and welfare of the world will add to our mutual understanding, to the friendly relations of our two countries, and the friendship between Yugoslavs and Americans.

Mr. President, you and I have just returned from Helsinki where we attended

1100

# SUMMARY

## ROMANIA

### Nixon-Ford Years - Romanian Themes

#### Nixon Visit to Romania - August 1969

—HK later described the Romanians, after this visit, as "tough, unsentimental and nationalistic;" they were afraid of a US-Soviet deal to make peace in Eastern Europe at the expense of other European countries. The visit was characterized by the overwhelming warmth of the reception given Nixon.

#### Macovescu Meeting with Nixon - December 1969

—Romania's desire to develop strong relations with the US "in all fields," and relations based "on concrete realities, relations which would not be disturbed by momentary considerations."

—The importance of Romania's independence and its sensitivity to Soviet policies.

—Romania's principle interest in European security; opposing the Brezhnev doctrine, Romania would seize "every opportunity" to organize action on European security; but this is not directed at anyone, especially the US. The system should involve all states "and not a bloc to bloc arrangement."

—The desire for strong economic ties with the US and for US interest and help to its economy.

#### Ceausescu Visit to the US - October 1970

—While acknowledging "differences" between the US and Romanian systems, nonetheless the need to cooperate and broaden relations on the basis of "fully equal rights, mutual respect of each country's independence and national sovereignty, noninterference in the internal affairs, and mutual advantage."

—The solution of international problems "to insure every nation" its development "without fearing any kind of aggression from outside."

—The desire to cooperate with the US to "better serve the cause of peace in the world."

## Romania - 2

### Ceausescu Visit to the US - December 1973

—In public remarks, the stress on the need to include all nations in solution of international problems. "Of course the big countries as the US is, and other big countries as well have an important part to play" but there should be "a new policy in the world, a policy based on equal rights and mutual respect," and also "irrespective of size or of social system." Despite differences between our two countries, a bilateral relationship between Romania and the US could become "an example" of the way in which countries can cooperate "based on the principle of equal rights and mutual respect."

—This visit culminated in a major joint statement of principles between the US and Romania stressing bilateral cooperation based on "a spirit of esteem, respect and mutual advantage" and elaborated the following principles: The right of each state to existence, independence, and sovereignty; the "juridical equality" of all states and their right to choose their own system; refraining from the threat or use of force in violation of the UN charter, respect for territorial integrity, and inviolability of frontiers; non-intervention in the affairs of another state; settling disputes by peaceful means. Other points stressed: the importance of the UN; progress on disarmament; building European security. In conclusion, ties based on "equality, mutual respect and due consideration for their respective interests." Also concluded was a major joint statement on economic cooperation (RN committed to getting (MFN) and the establishment of a Joint Economic Commission.

### Kissinger Visit to Romania - November 1975

—Reconfirmed the commitment to act as independently of Moscow as Ceauşescu's interests dictate; generalized concern over inhibiting possibilities of Soviet intervention as well as of US-Soviet condominium at Romania's expense.

In the talks,

—Macovescu meeting (in context of world energy crisis): Concern over world economic problems and how to "establish a new order of relations between states" in the contemporary environment; seeks a "long term" solution to world problems. Seeks stronger economic ties with the US, especially in trade ("There is political importance to it"). Concern about European security and need for follow-up machinery on CSCE" but at the same time "We are not interested in interference in internal affairs." On European security "we should look forward", not backward.

With Ceausescu:

—Concern that Romania get MFN. (On the emigration issue, C. agreed to a reference to solving humanitarian problems in the communique).

## Romania - 4

engaged in the process of bringing peace to the Middle East.

--C. felt the Cyprus issue was a serious one. "We consider that the preservation of the independence and integrity of Cyprus is essential for this zone."

--On international economic issues, C. advanced the idea of "a vast program of agricultural development in the developing countries" and argued that all states need be involved. It is really necessary to find new ways to help the UN to play a more important role and to involve all countries in the solution of these problems." "The more some countries are kept to one side the more they are forced to seek solutions outside and thereby the danger of confrontation and conflict grows greater." Especially on the issue of nuclear weapons, these "are matters which interest all states"; and many smaller nations may acquire them.

--In the course of the dinner, C. asked that greetings be sent not only to Ford but also to Nixon who "Did a great deal for detente as well as for cooperation between our two countries for which it seems to me he deserves to be greatly appreciated."

## Ford Visit to Romania - August 1975 (right after Helsinki)

--C. opened with a discussion of economic issues and the entry into force of a trade agreement, "advantageous for us both." A renewed appeal for "long term" low interest credits if possible.

--On CSCE, "what is important will be to see what can be accomplished, what each country will do to carry out what was declared and signed."

--Especially, the problems concerning Europe were important. "...30 years after the war Europe is still living under armistice conditions...." The Helsinki document and other statements "were intended to say we should continue to live in the spirit of the Potsdam Agreement until peace is concluded....implies that those who were victorious in the war...have the right to intervene." "There is a certain existing situation, there is a certain correlation of forces now on a worldwide scale, but this situation will not be eternal....the US and the USSR both control the major military forces including nuclear armaments, even that....is not immutable."

--"To achieve a peace treaty requires putting every state involved on an equal footing including Germany. This it seems to me is one of the problems which it will be essential to be solved for the future of Europe."

--"To continue to live under the aegis of the Potsdam treaty means the risk of intervention at any moment. This is the essential problem." Without dealing with this means "maintaining a permanent lack of security and constant danger of tension in Europe." Any European

## Romania - 5

settlement "should do away with any sort of rights of some states over other states." Ceausescu felt Yugoslavia was a case where there might be prevention of intervention when internal problems took place, but "come back to the German problem, maintaining the present situation can justify any kind of intervention."

Next meeting

--C. felt disarmament was the major problem needing to be addressed next. He thought "not much" of the MBFR talks and did not like the kinds of reductions being proposed. He wanted "real reductions which should be balanced and under adequate control."

--The big countries were ignoring the smaller ones in the area of disarmament; as long as the big states made no progress towards nuclear disarmament, "the danger exists and will increase" that smaller nations would acquire nuclear weapons.

--C. favored an improvement in US ties will all East European countries. Queried about East Germany, C. noted the improvement in Romanian-GDR ties but at the same time the GDR was limited by Potsdam and "they would always go along with the Soviets."

--On the prevailing Soviet leadership: C: "The truth of the matter is that the whole present Soviet leadership is made up of people who got where they are thanks to Stalin, and only with a change to younger people will there be some real changes in policy."

Next meeting

--C. gave his usual position on the Mideast - accommodation of the Palestinians but also guarantees of the sovereignty and integrity of Israel. He offered Romania as a secret channel to Arafat. He feared a new conflict would involve US and Soviet troops intervening and therefore it was important "to reach a solution which would prevent" another war. (his concern was directed at the Soviets).

--C. volunteered Romania as a secret channel to the North Koreans.

--C. reiterated his position that all countries ought to be involved in a solution of international economic problems. "In the first place, almost all of the socialist countries remain outside these groups which diminishes very greatly the results of any negotiations." "Some principles, some norms have to be worked out which would form the basis for all states," possibly in the form of an organ in the UN.

--Concluding, C: "There exists an interdependence which is becoming stronger and stronger...bilateral solutions by themselves are not going to solve anything."

Syrian Troops on Beirut Patrol

Associated Press

for William Cohen, Republican vice chairman of the committee, termed deficient-made before the Gundarev light, the officials said.

### Warning of Phone Alleged

Gundarev's complaints about including charges that the tapped his telephone, mail and cheated him out of the outlined in an article on the Op-Ed page of The New

statement denied the allegation that C.I.A. secrecy of individuals, as defined by New York Times article, said. "So, too, is the charge going." It officials acknowledged Gundarev was unhappy and privately exploring the matter to another country or to the Soviet Union. One official said that Mr. Gundarev asked the State Department a meeting with officials of the Soviet Union but that no session scheduled.

Gundarev, a former K.G.B. colonel February 1986 from his city officer in the Soviet Union.

A man identifying himself called David Wise, an Arlington whose most recent party Who Got Away," disease of a former C.I.A. official. Wise, a Moscow. Mr. Wise frequently had a half-dozen with Victor, who eventually his name and described as a defector.

Wise, Mr. Gundarev wrote his article for The Times.

To Mr. Wise, Mr. Gundarev that he had written to Webster, the Director of intelligence asking for a meeting director or a senior official. Mr. Gundarev as saying received a response.

Syrian soldiers who were deployed yesterday in a Shiite district on the outskirts of West Beirut after fighting between Syrian-backed Amal militiamen and the Iranian-backed Party of God killed 3 people and wounded 14 on Sunday.

A Maltese oil tanker sank yesterday after it was shelled by Syrian gunners in international waters for defying a blockade of Lebanon's Christian enclave, security and Lloyd's shipping executives said. The eight crew members were rescued.

Rumania Makes Threats, Hungary Says

By HENRY KAMM

Special to The New York Times

BUDAPEST, July 10 — The Hungarian Foreign Minister said today that Rumania was posing "military threats" to Hungary.

The comments by the official, Gyula Horn, came after a disputable meeting between the leaders of the two countries and marked what diplomats and Hungarian officials described as the lowest point for relations between the two Warsaw Pact allies and neighbors since both fell under Soviet domination at the end of World War II.

At a news conference before President Bush's arrival here on Tuesday, Mr. Horn said "high-level" Rumanian officials had announced that their country was now capable of producing nuclear weapons and would soon make medium-range missiles.

"This has an impact on the security of a neighbor, Hungary," Mr. Horn said. He did not identify the source of the Rumanian statements.

### Challenge to World War I Treaty

The Hungarian-Rumanian meeting took place on Saturday while President Nicolae Ceausescu of Rumania and the president of the Hungarian Communist Party, Rezso Nyers, were taking part in a Warsaw Pact summit conference in Bucharest, the Rumanian capital.

Mr. Horn said that in addition to the threat posed by new Rumanian arms,

Meeting marks a low point for ties between two nominal allies.

the Rumanian Army Chief of Staff had made an implicit threat to Hungary's territorial security. He reported that the general, whom he did not identify, had said that the Trianon Treaty of 1920, which is anathema to Hungarians because it ceded to Rumania the Hungarian-populated region of Transylvania, was unjust because Hungary still retained regions in which Rumanian-speaking people live. Mr. Horn said the general had demanded that this situation be changed.

The meeting in Bucharest between Mr. Ceausescu, Mr. Nyers and their Prime Ministers and Foreign Ministers was described diplomats as disastrous.

Mr. Horn said that the debate between the leaders had been "very sharp" and that "the entire meeting was characterized by extremely heated debates."

Briefing Hungarian journalists before leaving Bucharest, Mr. Horn said, "In the political sphere, we have reached a bottom point." Diplomats and journalists specializing in Communist affairs said they could not recall such a negative official assessment of relations between Warsaw Pact allies.

Unconfirmed reports here said that the Hungarian delegation had walked out, but Mr. Horn said the Hungarian-Rumanian meeting had been cut short for the ceremony of signing the Warsaw Pact communiqué.

### Agreeing Only on the Obvious

Mr. Horn told the Hungarian press, apparently in a sarcastic vein, that agreement had been reached on one point only: "We are neighbors, and the improvement of relations is in the interest of the two neighboring peoples."

He said Mr. Ceausescu confirmed an earlier agreement to allow a delegation of Hungarian municipal councils to visit Rumania. But when the Hungar-

ian leaders asked that it be permitted to visit villages threatened with being razed under Mr. Ceausescu's radical "reorganization" of rural life, the Rumanian side replied that Bucharest would decide the delegation's program.

Mr. Horn told Hungarian journalists that Mr. Ceausescu had rejected Hungarian complaints about purported discrimination against the Hungarians in Transylvania. Mr. Horn said that when asked to admit a delegation of independent international experts to study the ethnic Hungarians' situation, the Rumanian leader replied, "No such delegation will ever enter Rumanian territory."

Mr. Horn said Mr. Ceausescu denied all charges of discrimination and told Mr. Nyers that "the minority issue is perfectly settled" in Rumania. The Hungarian minority in Rumania, about two million strong, complains of official suppression of its language and culture.

Mr. Horn reported that Mr. Nyers had also complained about "a far-reaching Rumanian propaganda campaign" against Hungary's efforts to make its political life more democratic and its economy more market-oriented. "We see such manifestations as if the Rumanians were deliberately attempting to incite hostility," the Foreign Minister said.

Mr. Horn said the Soviet Union was fully informed of the problem but "has no intention of interfering in this relationship."

### Rumanian Threat Discounted

Special to The New York Times

WASHINGTON, July 10 — Noting that although West German publications had recently speculated on Rumania's development of a medium-range missile and a nuclear weapon ability, an Administration official specializing in Eastern European affairs said today, "We completely discount press reports that Rumania has the capacity to build sophisticated weapons, be it the bomb, be it medium-range missiles."

GIVE TO THE FRESH AIR FUND

## Corrections

caption on Saturday these military officials decision by the junta leader in some copies. The leader Hassan Ahmed al-Baqr was abandoning a peace reached last year because rebels and the count political party; he did not trapped a cease-fire.

Summary yesterday reasonably in some editions about suggestions of by three housing official for the article was included it did not appear.

A picture caption yesterday about Secretary Jack F. Kemp's political stature in the face of troubles at the Department of Housing and Urban Development misidentified the Secretary's chief of staff. He is Wendell W. Gunn.

An article in Business Day on July 3 about international shipping mistated the registry of the tanker World Prodigy. It is registered in Greece and owned by a company incorporated in Liberia.

status Congrat the page leader

A speech in Parliament, received residence man come with M. prison

The paper expected "The into company," press

Today, Town held in form of Johar through kane, t

NEW

USSEX'S
FIRST EVER

Richard Nixon, 1970

Oct. 26 [384]

tributed to that great purpose of peace and progress for all peoples in the world and better understanding between our two nations. And I know that the talks we will have on this occasion will make a further contribution to that great goal.

We give you a very warm welcome from all the American people to you, to the members of your party, and to the Romanian people.

NOTE: The President spoke at 10:39 a.m. on the South Lawn at the White House where President Ceausescu was given a formal welcome with full military honors.

See also Item 388.

President Ceausescu spoke in Romanian. His remarks, as translated by an interpreter, follow:

Mr. President, Mrs. Nixon, ladies and gentlemen:

I should like to take this evident opportunity to address you all my most cordial greetings on behalf of the Romanian people—and to the people of the United States.

I remember with pleasure your visit to Ro-

mania last year, Mr. President, and the conversations we had on that occasion.

I should like to thank you for the kind invitation extended to me to take the opportunity of my presence at the United Nations General Assembly session in order to meet you and to visit a few centers in the United States.

It is true that between Romania and the United States of America there are differences as to the social order and there are also differences in some of the existing problems, but notwithstanding such differences we believe that it is necessary to cooperate together in the economic, scientific, cultural, and other fields in order to contribute to the settlement of the problems which are of concern to the modern world and in a spirit of friendship and cooperation among nations.

It is in this spirit that I would express my hope that this visit in my capacity as President of the Council of State of Romania—which, as you mention it, sir, is the first visit of the kind to the United States, as was also your visit to Romania the first visit of a United States President to Romania—will contribute to the development of cooperation and friendship between our two nations and will serve the cause of cooperation and peace in the world.

## 384 Statement About the Use of Low-Lead Gasoline in Federal Vehicles. October 26, 1970

AT MY request, the Administrator of General Services today issued the attached regulation which requires that federally-owned vehicles use low-lead or unleaded gasoline whenever this is practical and feasible. The purposes of this regulation are twofold: to reduce air pollution and to increase the market for low-lead and unleaded gasoline, in order to make such fuels more generally available.

I have also today written to the Governors of our 50 States suggesting that they take similar steps in their administrations. If all government agencies—Federal,

State, and local—were to adopt this policy, we could not only reduce pollution, but we could also provide a sizable incentive for production and distribution of low or unleaded fuels and thus make them more readily available.

NOTE: The regulation, made available with the statement, is published in the Federal Register of October 28, 1970 (35 F.R. 16713).

On October 26, the White House released the transcript of a news briefing on the President's statement and letter to the Governors by Russell E. Train, Chairman, Council on Environmental Quality, and Robert L. Kunzig, Administrator of General Services.

943

[382] Oct. 24

would take time in your busy schedules to
come from New York to Washington to
see us here so that we could express on
behalf of the people of the United States,
first, our deep friendship for all the peoples
of your countries, and second, our com-
plete devotion to the cause that the United
Nations stands for of just and lasting peace
among nations.

And thinking of appropriate words for
this occasion, I think we could all perhaps
best turn to the past. This room has seen
many historic functions. Twenty of those
who are in this room have been honored
at dinners here. And over the years the
great leaders of the world, emperors,
kings, presidents, prime ministers, have
been honored here.

There is one portrait in the room, that
of Abraham Lincoln, who is, perhaps
more than any other American President,
honored all over the world.

When people think of Lincoln, most
agree that his most eloquent address was
the Gettysburg Address. But Lincoln did
not agree with that. He rated his second

inaugural, and particularly its conclusion,
as being the best of all of his public
statements.

And I think as we look at the next 25
years of the United Nations that perhaps
the words with which he concluded that
second inaugural, at the end of a very
difficult and terrible war between the
States of this country over 100 years ago,
that those words would give us the inspira-
tion for the future.

"With malice toward none, with charity
for all, with firmness in the right as God
gives us to see the right, let us strive on to
finish the work we are in . . . (to)
achieve and (to) cherish a just and last-
ing peace among ourselves and with all
nations."

And in that spirit, let us raise our glasses
to the United Nations.

To the United Nations.

NOTE: The President spoke at 9:43 p.m. in the State Dining Room at the White House.

A list of dignitaries attending the dinner is
printed in the Weekly Compilation of Presi-
dential Documents (vol. 6, p. 1456).

383 Remarks of Welcome to President Nicolae
Ceausescu of Romania.

October 26, 1970

Mr. President, Mrs. Ceausescu, our very
distinguished guests from Romania, and
ladies and gentlemen:

Mr. President, just a year ago you wel-
comed me to Bucharest as the first Ameri-
can President ever to visit Romania. And
today I am very honored to welcome you
to Washington, D.C., as the first President
of Romania ever to visit the United States
of America.

We shall always remember the very
warm reception we received from the
Romanian people, and we know that in

your travels in the United States you have
also sensed the warm feeling of friendship
and affection that the people of the
United States have for the people of
Romania.

Despite our different systems of govern-
ment, we have friendship and affection for
the Romanian people, we have respect for
the independence of your government,
and we wish to work with you in the cause
of peace for the world and progress for
our peoples and all peoples.

I believe that our talks a year ago con-

942

Richard Nixon, '1970

Oct. 24 [380]

freedom, the right to opportunity, the
right to progress.

My friends, I say that in order that this
minority that day after day tries to get on
that television tube and to give that im-
pression of America to Americans and the
world, in order that they do not seem to
be, it is time for the great silent majority
to stand up and be counted for America
and to speak for America.

There is a way you can be counted. You
don't have to engage in violence. You
don't have to shout four-letter obscenities.

November 3, you go into a little polling
booth and for that moment you make a
decision. I respect those who may make
a decision different from what I recom-
mend. That is our system. It is the great-
ness of it.

But I also say that at this time I want
you to consider what I have said. The
President of the United States over the
next 2 years at least is going to have the

responsibility to bring peace to the world
and to keep it, the responsibility to bring
peace at home and to keep it, the responsi-
bility to reform this government, the re-
sponsibility also to have the progress that
we want, to stop the rise in prices, to have
jobs and prosperity without war.

I will meet that responsibility. But I
need help. We need it in the House; we
need it in the Senate. And so I say on
November the 3d, if you want those things,
if you want to stand up for those great
principles that will make a better America,
a better country, not only for you, but for
your children, then I say vote for Glenn
Beall, for Stanley Blair, for these fine
candidates for the Congress and for all the
candidates on the State ticket here in the
State of Maryland.

Thank you.

NOTE: The President spoke at 12:04 p.m. in the Union Hall, United Steelworkers of America, Local 2610.

380 Statement Announcing the Recess Appointment of
Three Judges to the District of Columbia Court
of Appeals. October 24, 1970

WHEN the Congress recessed on October
14, the Senate District of Columbia Com-
mittee left unfinished a matter of extreme
urgency. The committee failed to recom-
mend confirmation of my nominations of
three new judges to the District of Colum-
bia Court of Appeals.

Since the fair administration of justice
in our Nation's Capital urgently requires
better handling of the enormous work-
load confronting the courts, I am today
announcing the recess appointments of
those three judges.

They are: Hubert Pair, a distinguished

attorney, Walter Yeagley, an Assistant
U.S. Attorney General who has served in
that capacity under four Presidents, and
Gerard Reilly, a distinguished attorney
and former member of the National Labor
Relations Board.

These three outstanding nominees have
received the approval of the American
Bar Association, the District of Columbia
Bar Association, and the Federal Bar
Association.

It is not clear just why the District of
Columbia Committee under the chair-
manship of Senator Tydings failed to act

939

[388] Oct. 26 Public Papers of the Presidents

388 Toasts of the President and President Ceausescu
of Romania. October 26, 1970

President Ceausescu, Mrs. Ceausescu, our
very distinguished guests from Romania,
and all of our guests from the United
States:

We are very honored this evening to
receive the President of Romania because
he is the first President of Romania ever
to be received as a state guest of the
United States. And we are also honored
to receive him for another reason: He is
the first President or chief of state of a
Socialist country to be received as an hon-
ored guest during this administration.

As we speak of the relations between
Romania and the United States, we often
refer to the differences that we have in
our social and economic systems which
are well known.

But on an occasion like this, I think that
all of us are reminded of those things
which draw us together rather than those
that drive us apart, and first is the desire
on the part of the people of both countries
to know each other.

I have had the privilege of visiting
Romania. And I know the warmhearted
people who live in that country. And I
want the people of America to know the
people of Romania and the people of
Romania to know the people of America,
because they will like each other as they
know each other, and they should not miss
the opportunity to know each other in
the years ahead.

I know, too, that having visited
Romania that we have a common interest
in seeing that there is progress in both
countries. And there are many areas where
we can work together for progress in the

economic field. And the President and I
in our talks have been exploring areas
where there can be increased cooperation.

We have made a great deal of progress
in this field over the past year. We will
make more as a result of the talks we have
had on this occasion.

And a third interest we share in com-
mon is one to which Romania is deeply
dedicated and to which we are deeply
dedicated, and that is the right of each
nation to be independent, to have its own
policy without foreign domination. We
want that for ourselves. We respect that
in any other country, and we want it and
we respect it for our friends from
Romania.

And, finally, there is the overriding con-
cern that we share with our friends from
Romania and with other countries in the
world to strengthen the structure of peace
in the world. And we believe that the op-
portunities that we have had on two oc-
casions to meet at the highest level with
the President of Romania have helped to
strengthen that structure of peace.

It happens that in the world today be-
cause of the divisions, there are times
when the leader of one nation does not
have adequate communication with the
leader of another. But as I was saying to
the President earlier today, he is in a
rather unique position. He heads a gov-
ernment which is one of the few in the
world which has good relations with the
United States, good relations with the
Soviet Union, and good relations with the
People's Republic of China.

Under those circumstances it is ex-

946

Richard Nixon, 1970

Oct. 26 [388]

tremely valuable for the President of the
United States to have the opportunity to
speak to the President of Romania to dis-
cuss the problems, not only that we have
between ourselves, but also these broader
world problems in which Romania, be-
cause of its special position, can make a
very constructive contribution to the
eventual peaceful world we all want to
share together.

And so for these reasons which are
basically official, but also for a very per-
sonal reason, the fact that I have known
and respected our distinguished guests, the
President, his wife, and the members of
his party because of our visit a year ago, I
know all of you in this room will want to
join me in raising our glasses to the Presi-
dent of Romania and to the Romanian
people.

To the President of Romania.

NOTE: The President spoke at 9:48 p.m. in the State Dining Room at the White House.
See also Item 383.

*Mr. President, Mrs. Nixon, ladies and gentlemen:*

First and foremost, I should like to extend
my thanks to President Nixon for the opportu-
nity offered to us to visit the United States
and for the kind invitation to meet together
during these days.

It appears that sometimes visits which are
not visits of state, rather unofficial on the op-
portunity of the United Nations session, may
be even more fruitful.

I had the opportunity to visit a few centers
in the United States and to have discussions
with representatives of political and economic
life in the United States. And today, I had
the special pleasure to meet your President and
to have with him a very interesting and fruit-
ful discussion.

I was able to note with pleasure from the
discussions I had with the representatives of

political and economic life here in America
that there are good prospects for the good
development of relations between our two
countries.

During the talks we had today, Mr. Presi-
dent, as you have mentioned before, we have
tackled quite a number of problems of partic-
ular importance for the relations between our
two countries. I am hopeful that in the near
future new possibilities may be open for the
many-sided and wide-scale progress of our
relations.

Although our countries may have different
social systems, I think that provided we act
in a desire to develop our cooperation on the
basis of fully equal rights, mutual respect of
each country's independence and national
sovereignty, noninterference in the internal
affairs, and mutual advantage, we shall be able
to develop very good relations between us.

In any case, I can guarantee here and now
that Romania is never going to threaten in
any way the United States.

Of course, during our meeting and the talks
today, some of the international problems could
not have failed to be tackled because—and this
is most important—no matter where, in what
part of the world a conflict may arise, it will
influence more or less the fate of all nations.

Of course our utmost desire is to bring about
the speediest possible settlement of the existing
conflicts and to bring about a lasting peace such
as to insure to every nation the possibility for
her economic and social development, such as
to insure each nation the possibility to live
in peace without fearing any kind of aggression
from outside.

We would wish that the cooperation between
Romania and the United States should con-
tribute towards settling the existing problems
and to be inspired by the principles which are
now becoming more and more the basic trends
in the international affairs of today.

I think it would not be too fastidious of me
to presume that at our future next meeting, the
troops, both of Romania and of the United
States, would be at home in their own land and
that we may contribute really to such a co-
operation which should better serve the cause
of peace in the world.

With the hope and the desire that the devel-

947

[388] Oct. 26

opment of our relations and our cooperation
with the United States of America should ex-
tend in all fields, with the desire that these
relations should serve the cause of cooperation

among nations and peace in the world. I pro-
pose you, ladies and gentlemen, to drink this
toast to the President of the United States of
America.

389 Remarks on Signing the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
October 27, 1970

Mr. Attorney General, Mr. Ingersoll,
ladies and gentlemen:

I will in a very few moments be signing
this piece of legislation which deals with
the problem that the Attorney General
has described.

Fifteen months ago I sent an urgent
request to the Congress for legislation in
this field. I requested it because our sur-
vey of the problem of drugs indicated that
it was a major cause of street crime in the
United States.

Those who have a drug habit find it
necessary to steal, to commit crimes, in
order to feed their habit. We found also,
and all Americans are aware of this, that
drugs are alarmingly on the increase in use
among our young people. They are
destroying the lives of hundreds of thou-
sands of young people all over America,
not just of college age or young people
in their twenties, but the great tragedy:
The uses start even in junior high school,
or even in the late grades.

Under these circumstances, this is a
national problem. It requires an urgent
action on the part of the Federal Govern-
ment and that action now has been taken
by the Congress and, after 15 months,
finally the bill will be signed.

I should, however, indicate to you the
limitations that this bill has. It does some
things which Mr. Ingersoll will approve
of and which the Attorney General has

asked for. It provides over 300 new agents.
New agents who will be able to do this
kind of work that Mr. Ingersoll has just
described.

It provides for jurisdiction that we have
not previously had. The jurisdiction of
the Attorney General will go far beyond,
for example, heroin. It will cover the new
types of drugs, the barbiturates and the
amphetamines that have become so com-
mon and that are even more dangerous
because of their use. And also it provides
a very forward-looking program in the
field of drug addiction.

This is enormously important. That is
one of the reasons that the Department of
HEW is represented here, as well as other
departments in this field, because once the
individual who gets hooked on drugs is in
that condition, he is one that we must have
sympathy for. We must do everything that
we can to cure his habit if it is possible to
cure it. Some new cures are being de-
veloped, and this will mean that we will
have a nationwide program and an effec-
tive one in this field where we have not
had one before. But this is what the law
can do.

We can provide, as we do, more men.
We can provide greater jurisdiction. We
can deal with the problem of addiction.
But there needs to be public support. And
I urge all who may be listening to this
signing ceremony to remember that in

948

Approved
LCMSS

December 18, 1969

First Deputy For Minister Gheorghe Macovescu - Meeting with Nixon

After warm greetings, RN assured him that US was trying to cooperate at the highest level on matters discussed during August trip. "Some of the matters take time but we would do all we could within the inhibitions of our legislation. RN said the US did not like blocs and would deal with each country on an individual basis. "Romania had been fair to us and we would act in the same way toward Romania. Wherever we can, we will be cooperative."

M. agreed. He handed over a letter from President Ceausescu which was explicit in stressing the desire of Romania to develop relations in all fields. Ceausescu also hoped for good personal relations with RN. M. said "the Romanian Government wanted to have good relations based on concrete realities, relations which would not be disturbed by momentary circumstances."

M. went on to say that RN's visit "had produced a great impression with the people and leaders of Romania and that prospects for the future of our relations were very good. Romania wished to develop such relations with all states, including its neighbors. It was making constant efforts to develop its relations with the Soviet Union. Unfortunately, the course of relations with the Soviet Union was not always favorable. Lately the Romanians had noticed a certain Soviet reticence concerning Romania's external policy.... This was not dramatic but in day to day relations the Romanians noted that a certain reserve was particularly manifest in economic matters." He said this explained Romania's effort to get coke for its steel industry in the US.

In response to RN query about the possible impact of his own trip on Soviet attitudes, M replied that he could not say that the visit marked a specific stage in the Soviet attitude "since there had been evidence of it for a long period of time. In the last two months, however, it had become more accentuated." "The attitude was not aggressive but rather one of reticence and reservation." RN said his concern was that others might develop reserve towards the US if they felt their relations with the Soviets would be adversely affected by improved ties with the US; "We think of Romania as a test case. The President stressed that we wanted our friendship to help, not to hurt."

M said Romania was acting in the same spirit. "They had no desire to cause difficulties in US-Soviet relations through their relations with the US. He added that no representative of the SU had ever commented officially or unofficially at any level on the President's visit. There had been rumors about the Soviet reaction but none of these had ever been substantiated."

In this context, M said Romania had a general concern for security in Europe. It was "extremely interested in European security because it had no desire to see a repetition of Czechoslovakia or the application of any

doctrine like the Brezhnev Doctrine." Hence Romania seized "every opportunity to organize action on European security. This was not directed against anyone in Europe or outside. It was Romania's constant concern to see that European security should not be directed against any power outside Europe, especially the US." M. said that when the socialist countries started talking about the first session of a CES the Romanians supported from the very beginning the idea of US and Canadian participation, assuming they were willing to join. "After the Prague Foreign Ministers' conference this position had now become a joint one of all socialist countries so that there is no point even in discussing this matter any further."
M.'s main point was "to request that the USG give due attention to facilitating the eventual achievement of an organized system of security." Romania's goal was "to live in freedom and independence like any other nation. Romania wants the system to be the product of the participation and responsibility of all states and not a bloc to bloc arrangement." RN said we would be open minded but "the real problem is what to discuss."

M. reiterated Ceausescu's hope for "support for the Romanian economy, which is the basis of Romanian independence." RN was reassuring but also said we would be 'discreet' in our relations with Romanians so as not to cause them any problems.

On Sino-Soviet relations, M. commented that while one could not really speak of normalization, certain exchanges between the two were underway. The Chinese had indicated that they were willing to meet the Soviet half way but a thorough normalization was a long way off. "It was clear that strong suspicions remained on both sides." RN said the US wanted good relations with both countries.

The meeting concluded warmly.