# The New Market and Head House

This graceful structure, a National Historic Landmark, is one of the oldest colonial markets in America. It is adjacent to what is probably the nation's oldest volunteer firehouse. Built in 1745, the covered colonnaded marketplace was called "the shambles," an old English word meaning "butcher shop or meat stalls." At the north end, a three-story firehouse known as "the Head House" was built in 1805.

**The New Market.** In an era before refrigeration and supermarkets, open air markets provided vendors a place to sell fresh foods. In colonial Philadelphia, the first public

**The Head House.** In 1736 Benjamin Franklin began a campaign of fire prevention, urging the establishment of community volunteer fire companies equipped with manually operated pumping engines and large bells to signal fires.

In 1805 the Head House at Pine Street was built, pairing it to an earlier Head House located at the South Street end of the market shambles (demolished about 1860). These two "head houses" contained fire engines and apparatus for the members of three volunteer fire companies: The Fellowship, The Hope and The Southwark Hose Companies. The second floor interiors served as meeting rooms for the firefighters.

Private citizens raised funds for the clock in the gables and the alarm bell in the cupola which rang for fires and announced the opening of market days.

New Market, W. Birch & Son, 1799.

market was located at the east end of High (now Market) Street. In 1745, a "New Market" was started here at Second Street (stretching from Pine to South Street) for the convenience of the growing population in Society Hill and Southwark (now Queen Village).

On market days (Tuesdays and Fridays) shoppers purchased fish, turtles, fresh vegetables and fruits, eggs, turkeys, chickens, veal, mutton, sausage and prepared foods, such as meat and apple pies. Occasionally raccoon, possum, bear-bacon or bear's feet were available. The farmers' wagons arrived the night before, pulling up to stalls along the shambles. Customers walked inside the covered center arcade to make their purchases. On dark days, oil lamps at the ceiling were lit. Vendors continued to sell their goods here into the 20th century.

This property, owned by the City of Philadelphia, was saved from demolition and repaired in 1962-63, but was again in need of preservation thirty years later. A grassroots citizens' group, The Head House Conservancy, accomplished this in the 1990s.

Head House in the late 1950s.

High Street Market, W. Birch & Son, 1799.

THE HEAD HOUSE CONSERVANCY

Head House in the late 1950s.

THE HEAD HOUSE CONSERVANCY

Head House in the late 1950s.

Head House in the late 1950s.