A Compendious

DICTIONARY

OF THE

*Fabulous History*

OF

HEATHEN GODS

and HEROES:

Design'd for the more ready Understanding of

**POETS, Paintings and Statues.**

To which are Annex'd,

References to the several AUTHORS, from
which their Characters are deduc'd.

Peculiarly Adapted to the Use of

LATIN and FRENCH Schools,

And to Persons who Read, or Attend

THEATRICAL ENTERTAINMENTS.

LONDON:

Printed for J. CLARK in Duck-lane, L. GIL-
LIVER at *Homer's Head*, and F. COGAN at
the *Middle Temple Gate* in Fleet-street. 1731.

THE
PREFACE.

HE Success which the Poetical History of Father Galtruchius has met with, may have given Reason to believe, we could have no Abridgment of the Fable, more perfect than that which this Author has left us. It may notwithstanding be said, he has omitted many Things, and that a proper Order and Perspicuity are wanting in his Work. Monsieur l'Abbé Bannier, in his learned Annotations, has collected all the Conjectures which can reasonably be drawn from this Subject; and'tis he, who, of all modern Authors, has wrote the best concerning their Fabulous History. The rest have crowded it with tedious Criticisms, fruitless Differations, and moral Reflections opposite to each other; they seem to have labour'd rather to puzzle than explain the Reading of the Poets. What I here offer is simple, stripp'd of all Ornament, yet such as is necessary to be known by those who would read the Poets with Pleasure and Advantage. Homer, Ovid and Virgil have been my Guides, and I have always preferr'd their Authority to that of the Mythologists, because these are scarce ever confident with themselves.

Ase

The PREFACE.

As the Fable is only a Series of wild Imaginations, and unconnected Facts, without Chronology, without Probality, and often repeated under different Names, as any one by perusing it may easily discover; I have undertook to compose a Dictionary to be always ready to point out the Relations which have flipp'd the Memory. This Advantage is not to be found in a long History, where we must usually read several Pages before we arrive at what we seek. This Compendium is an accurate Collection, in alphabetical Order, of the most general and frequent Characters we meet with in Fables, to which I have confin'd myself. Hygin, Pauſanias, Apollodorus, Cicero, Firmin, Cartari, Suidas, Noel le Compte, with an infinite Number of Mythologijts, have composed Works on this Subject, valuable for their Antiquity and profound Erudition, in which those who would dive into the Subject, and draw Truth from Fable, may find sufficient Employ.

I have added to this ſmall Treatife, a ſhort Explication of Enſigns and Emblems, by the means of which, the young Reader will be enabled to know moſt Paintings and Statues that relate to Fable, ex. gr. Jupiter, being represented with an Eagle, Diana with a Crescent, Saturn with a Scythe, &c. The Eagle denotes Jupiter; the Crescent, Diana; and the Scythe, Saturn; and so of the reſt.

A COM-

A B

ABAS, Son of *Hypothoon* and *Melanira*;
he was transform'd into a Lizard by the God-
defs *Ceres*, for, having obſerv'd her drink with
too much Earneſtneſs, he had made a Jeſt of
her and her Sacrifices. Some think this is the
ſame as *Stella*. Ovid. *Metam.* l. 5.

There were a Companion of Æneas and a
Centaur of the fame Name.

ABASTER, one of Pluto's Horſes.

ABDERA, a City of Thrace, built by Ab-
dera, Sifter to Diomede.

ABEONA and ADEONA, Deities,
which prefided over Voyages.

ABIA, Daughter to Hercules, Sifter and
Nurse to Hyllus; ſhe had a famous Temple in
Miffinia.

ABORIGINES, a People whom Saturn
polifh'd, and brought from Egypt into Italy,
where they fix'd.

ABSYRTUS, Brother to Medea, whom
that Inchantrefs cut to Pieces, and ſtrew'd his
Limbs in the Way, to retard her Father in his
Purſuit, whilſt ſhe made her Eſcape with Ja-
ſon. Ovid. *Trift.* l. 3.

ABUNDANCE, an allegorical Deity re-
prefented under the Form of a young Girl, fur-
rounded with every Sort of the choicest Stores,
blooming in the moſt lively ſanguine Colours,
and holding in her Hand a Horn of Plenty, ſaid
to be that of Achelous; ſhe eſcap'd with Saturn
when Jupiter depos'd him. Ovid. *Metam.*

ABYDOS, a City of Asia, ſituate on the
Helleſpont, the Seat of Hero and Leander.

There was another of this Name in Egypt,
where

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where it stood the Temple of Oſiris, and where
Memnon made his ufual Abode.

ABYLA, a Mountain in Africa, oppofite to
Calpe another Mountain in Spain, on the Straits
of Gibraltar; theſe are what we call Hercules's
Pillars. This Hero, finding theſe two Mountains
conjoin'd, cut a Channel betwixt 'em, and by
this means made a Communication between
the Waters of the Ocean and Mediterranean.

ACALUS, or Perdrix, Nephew to Dæda-
lus, invented the Saw and Compafs. Dædalus
was so ſtung with Jealouſy, that he threw him
headlong from a Tower; but Minerva in Com-
paffion chang'd him into a Partridge.

ACAMAS, Son of Theseus and Phædra, be-
ing at the Siege of Troy, was deputed to go with
Diomède to demand Helen back. During this
Embaffy, which prov'd fruitleſs, Laodicea,
Daughter to Priam, became enamour'd of him,
and had a Son by him. After this he return'd
to the Camp, and was one of thofe who were
ſhut up in the wooden Horſe. In the midſt of
the Slaughter Æthra ſhew'd him the Son which
Laodicea had by him; the Prince, mov'd hereat,
fav'd both their Lives.

ACANTHA, a young Nymph, who, for
having favourably receiv'd Apollo, was chang'd
by this God into a Plant bearing her Name.
(Acanthus, Bearsfoot.) Vitruv. Antiq.

ACARNAS and AMPHOTERUS,
Brothers, Sons of Alcmeon and Callirhoe. Their
Mother prevail'd with Jupiter, that they might
rife to Manhood in a Moment, to revenge the
Death of their Father, whom the Brothers of Al-

B 2

phisebæa

A C

phisebæa had flain. This Prince had recover'd
from Alphisebæa a Necklace, which he had ta-
ken from her Mother Eriphila, with her Life, to
prefent it to Callirhoe. Acarnas and Amphoterus
flew the Brothers of Alphesibæa, and confecra-
ted the fatal Cauſe to Apollo. Ovid. Met. l. 9.

ACASTUS, a famous Hunter, Son of Pe-
lias. Atalanta his Wife being enamour'd of
Peleus, who would make no Return, was so
provok'd, that he accus'd him to her Hus-
band, to have attempted her Honour. Aca-
stus, diffembling his Refentment, lead Peleus in
the Chace to Mount Pelion, and left him to
the Mercy of Centaurs and Savage Beasts. Chi-
ron gave a friendly Reception to this ill-fated
Prince, who, with the Affiſtance of the Argo-
nauts, went to revenge the Cruelty of Acaſtus,
and Atalanta's Malice. The fame is ſaid of
Hippolitus and Bellerophon. Ovid. Metam. l. 8.

ACATES, Friend and faithful Companion
to Æneas.

ACCA LAURENTIA, Mother of the
Fratres Arvales.

ACESTES King of Sicily, and Son of the
River Crinifus; he honourably entertain'd Æneas
and Anchises.

ACETUS, Captain of a *Tyrrhenian* Vessel,
he oppos'd his Companions who would have
carry'd off *Bacchus* whom they found (but knew
not) on the Sea-shore, in Hope to have extort-
ed a large Ransom. *Bacchus* immediately dif-
cover'd himself, and chang'd them into Dol-
phins, except *Acetus*, whom he confitituted his
High Priest.

ACHE.

A C

ACHELOUS, Son of Oceanus and Thetis,
being enamour'd of Dejanira, and, understanding
she would only be a noble Victor's Prize,
he engag'd Hercules, but was overcome; suddenly
he puts on the Form of a Serpent, under
which he was again defeated; then that of a
Bull, but succeeded no better in this; for Hercules
catch'd him by the Horns, dafh'd him
againft the Earth, tore off one of 'em, and ob-
lig'd him to seek shelter in the River Thoas,
which was afterwards call'd Achelous. He sent
the Victor the Horn of Amalthea, or the Horn of
Plenty, as a Ransom for his own. (See Pe-
riclimenes.)

ACHEMON or ACHMON, Brother
to Basalas or Passalus, both Cecropians. They
were so quarrelsome as to attack every one they
met; Senno their Mother warn'd them, if possi-
ble, not to fall into the Hands of Melampygius,
or the Man with black Thighs. One Day they
found Hercules sleeping under a Tree, and inful-
ted him. This Hero took them by the Feet,
ty'd them to his Club with their Heads down-
wards, and carry'd them on his Shoulders as
Huntmen do the Game; 'twas in this pleafant
Pofture, that feeing Hercules's Thighs all hairy
and almost black, they cry'd out, this is the
Melampygius whom we ought to have fear'd.
Hercules, understanding their Meaning, fell to
laughing and difmifs'd them. Suidas, Eraſm.
Adag.

ACHERON was the Son of Sol and Terra. He was chang'd into a River, and thrown headlong into Hell, for having fupply'd the

B 3

Titans

AC

*Titans* with Water, whilft they wag'd War
against Jupiter. His Waters became muddy
and bitter. The Shades which pafs this River
never return.

ACHILLES, a Grecian Prince, Son of
*Peleus* and *Thetis*, was but an Infant when his Mo-
ther plung'd him in the River *Styx* to render
him invulnerable, which he was in every Part
of his Body except the Heel, by which she held
him when she waſh'd him. She put him under
the Tuition of the Centaur *Chiron*, who fed him
with the Marrow of Lions, Bears, Tygers, and
feveral other Savage Beasts. His Mother ha-
ving learnt from *Calchas* that he should fall be-
fore *Troy*, and that the City could not be ta-
ken without him, conceal'd him in a Woman's
Dreſs with *Lycomedes* in the Island *Scyros*, where
he was call'd *Pyrrha*. Being thus diſguis'd he
gain'd the Aſfections of *Deidamia*, Daughter to
*Lycomedes*, by whom he had one Son nam'd *Pyr-
rhus*. When the *Greeks* were affembled to go
and beſiege *Troy*, *Calchas* pointed out to them
the Place of *Achilles's* Retreat. They ſent *Uliſ-
fes*, who, preſenting to the Ladies of the Courts
Trinkets and Arms, diſcover'd the young Prince
(who preferr'd Arms to Toys) and brought him
along to the Siege of *Troy*. He ſoon made it
appear, that he was the firſt Hero of *Greece*, and
became the Terror of all his Enemies. Du-
ring the Siege *Agamemnon* forc'd from him his
Captive nam'd *Brifeis*, wherefore he retir'd in-
to his Tent, and refrain'd to fight. During his
Retirement the *Trojans* always prevail'd. But
*Patroclus* his Friend being ſlain by *Hector*, he
return'd

A C

return'd to the Battle, and reveng'd his Companion's Death with that of Hector's, whom he faften'd to his Chariot, and dragg'd thrice round the Walls. At laft, mov'd by the Tears of Priam, he surrender'd him. Being enamour'd of Polixena, he demanded her in Marriage; but, going to eſpouse her, Paris ſhot him in the Heel with an Arrow, of which Wound he died. 'Tis faid Apollo directed the Shaft. The Greeks rais'd a Monument to his Fame, on the Promontory of Sigeum. Upon which Pyrrhus his Son sacrifi'd to him Polixena. Some pretend that Thetis propos'd to him in his Infancy to live long without performing any noble Expioits, or to die young loaded with Honours; and that he chose the laſt. Homer's Iliad. Hygin. Pausan. Natalis Comes.

A CIS, Son to Faunus, gain'd by his Beauty the Affections of Galatea, whom the Giant Po-lypheme passionately lov'd. This Cyclops, having on a Time surpriz'd him with Galatea, crush'd him to Pieces with the Stroke of a Rock: But the Nymph, pierc'd with Tenderneſs, chang'd his Blood into a River call'd afterwards ACIS. Odyſ. Ovid. Metam.

ACONTIUS, a young Man of extraordi-nary Beauty, coming to Delos to ſacrifice there, he became paſſionately in Love with Cydippe, who was deaf to his Paſſion; having loft all Hopes of marrying her, he carv'd on a Ball theſe Words, ACONTIUS, I ſwear by Di-ana never to be any but yours. Cydippe, at whose Feet he had dropt the Ball, took it up, read the Inſcription without thinking, and thus en-gag'd

AC

gag'd herself. Often as she attempted to marry, she was feiz'd with a violent Fever, and thinking it to be a Punishment from the Gods, she marry'd this passionate Lover. Ovid. Heroid. 19. 20.

ACRISIUS, King of Argos, having consulted the Oracle understood that one of his Grand-Children should one Day kill him, to prevent this Misfortune he shut up his only Daughter Danae in a brazen Tower: But Jupiter, being in Love with her, defcended in a Shower of Gold into the Tower, and had by this Prince's Perseus. Acrisius, inform'd of Danae's Pregnancy, expos'd her to the Sea in a Chest. Polydectes, King of the Cyclades, found it, kindly entertain'd Danae, and caus'd her Son to be brought up; who, being arriv'd to Manhood, flew his Grandfather in a Combat without knowing him.

ACTEUS, first King of Attica.

ACTÆON, Son of Aristeus, and Grandson to Cadmus, was brought up by Chiron, and became a famous Hunter; having on a Time furpriz'd Diana in a Bath, this Goddeſs was so enrag'd, she chang'd him into a Stag, and his own Dogs devour'd him. Ovid. Metam.

ADEONA, see ABEONA.

ADMETUS, Son of Pheres, King of Theſsaly, was one of the Græcian Princes, who affembled to hunt the Boar of Calydon. He bore a Part likewife in the Argonautick Expedition. It was under this King that Apollo was reduc'd to tend the Flocks, while he was driven from Heaven by Jupiter; Admetus was enamour'd with

A D

with *Alcefta*, Daughter to *Pelias*, but could not obtain her, but on Condition he brought to *Pelias* a Chariot drawn by a Lion and a Boar. *Apollo*, in Gratitude to *Admetus*, taught him to tame to the fame Yoke two Animals so fierce. This God moreover obtain'd of the Fates, that, when this Prince should reach the Borders of Death, he might escape the Stroke, on Condition he could find any one so generous as to take his Place. *Admetus*, being feiz'd with a mortal Sickneſs, and, no one offering to pay the Ransom, *Alceſta* generouſly did it. But *Admetus* was so concern'd, that *Proſerpine*, mov'd with his Tears, would have reſtor'd him his dear Wife; and, *Pluto* oppoſing it, *Hercules* went down to Hell, and brought her back. *Apollo*, during his Retirement, did an infinite Number of Services to *Admetus*. No Prince ever bore so many Accidents, but the Gods always protected him in Regard to his extraordinary Piety. *Natalis Comes. Hygin. Euripid. Ovid. Metam. l. 2.*

ADONIS, a young Man extremely beautiful, the inceſtuous Offspring of Cyniras and Myrrha. He was a great Hunter; Venus, became paſſionately in Love with him, and had the Grief to fee him ſlain by a Boar: But ſhe transform'd him into the Wind-flower. Proſerpine, touch'd with the Complaints of this Goddeſs, engag'd to reſtore him on Condition ſhe might enjoy him fix Months in the Year. When Venus had him in her Poſſession, ſhe reſus'd to reſtore him to Proſerpine, whence aroſe a hot Dispute between theſe two Goddeſſes; which Jupiter determin'd, giving Adonis his Liberty

A D

berty four Months in the Year, to paſs four
with Venus, and the reſt with Proserpine. Metam. l. 10. Bayle Crit. Diet.

ADRASTUS, King of Argos, was ob-
lig'd to ſcreen himſelf under the Protection of
Polybius his Grandfather (by the Father's Side)
to eſcape the Perſecution of Amphiaraus, who
had ſeiz'd on his Dominions. Polybius, having
conſulted the Oracle, learn'd that his Daugh-
ters ſhould be carry'd away by a Lion and a
Boar. Some Time after Polynices, cover'd with
a Lyon's Skin, came to aſk Aſſiſtance againſt his
Brother Eteocles; and Tydeus, Grandſon of Oene-
us, under the Skin of a Boar, came to him for
Refuge, after he had ſlain his Brother Menalip-
pus. He gave them his two Daughters in Mar-
riage, and their Drefs put him in Mind of the
Oracle. His Curioſity therefore lead him to
demand of theſe Princes the Reaſon of thoſe
Habits; they anſwer'd, that being deſcended,
one from Hercules that ſlew the Lions, and the
other from Oeneus who ſlew the Calydonian Boar,
they carry'd thoſe Enſigns. Adraftus rais'd a
powerful Army againſt the Thebans commanded
by Polynices, Tydeus, Amphiaraus, Capaneus,
Parthenope, Hippomedon, and himſelf, who was
afterwards Chief. This is what is call'd the En-
terprize of the ſeven Worthies, who ſack'd Thebes,
and where they almoſt all fell; ſoon after he
encourag'd their Sons to revenge their Father's
Death, and rais'd another Army equal to the firſt,
which was called the Army of the Epigones.
Hygin. Pindar. Euripid. Herod.

There

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There was another *Adraftus*, who flew his Brother unawares. A Boar at that Time wafted the Country, and spoil'd the *Myſians* Corn. *Atys* Son of *Cræſus*, and Brother of this *Adraſtus*, would go and encounter this Monſter, but *Adraftus* flew *Atys* with an Arrow levell'd at the Monſter, and ſtabb'd himſelf for Grief. Herod. l. 1.

ADRASTEA, the Name of the Goddeſs
*Nemeſis*.

There was a Servant of Helen's of this Name.
Odyff. l. 4.

AELLO, one of the *Harpyes*.

ÆA, a Nymph, who beſought the Gods to fave her from the amorous Purſuits of the Ri-ver *Pharis*. They chang'd her into an Island.

ÆACUS, Son of *Jupiter* and *Ægina*. The Plague having laid waſte his Dominions, he ob-tain'd of his Father, that Ants might be chang'd into Men, whom he call'd *Myrmidons*. He was appointed to affiſt *Minos* and *Rhadamanthus* to judge the Shades in Hell.

EAGLE. See *Jupiter*, *Periphas*.

ÆGEUS, King of *Attica*, and Hufband to
*Æthra*, by whom he had *Theseus*, who was ſent
to *Thebes* to be devour'd by the Minotaur. He
had given Charge to the Sailors, that when they
return'd, if *Theseus* eſcap'd from the Labyrinth,
they ſhould put out white Sails; but, being
transported with Joy at the Sight of their Coun-
try, they forgot to put their Orders in Execu-
tion. Ægeus, ſtruck with Horror, fearing his Son
was dead, plung'd into the Sea, which was af-
terwards call'd the Ægean Sea.

ÆGEON

Æ G

ÆGEON or BRIAREUS, a Giant of extraordinary Strength, who had a hundred Arms and fifty Heads. *Juno, Pallas and Nep-tune,* having resolved to chain *Jupiter* in the War of the Gods, *Thetis* won Ægeon to the Party of *Jupiter*, who, for his Service, honour'd him with his Friendship, and forgave what he for-merly had committed with the Giants. *Virg. Æneid. l. 6. Hom. Il. l. 1.*

ÆGERIA, a Nymph of singular Beauty, whom *Diana* chang'd into a Fountain; the *Romans* worshipping'd her as a Goddeſs, and the Ladies particularly ſacrific'd to her to obtain a happy Delivery. *Tit. Liv. l. 1.*

ÆGESTA, Daughter of *Hippotes*, a Tro-jan Prince; ſhe was expos'd by her Father in a Vessel, left the Lot ſhould fall upon her to be devour'd by the Sea-Monſter, to whom the Tro-jans were oblig'd every Year to give a Daugh-ter, to expiate the Crime of *Laomedon*. Æge-ſta landed in *Sicily*, where the River *Crinifus*, under the Form of a Bull, and afterwards in the Form of a Bear, fought to marry her, and had by her *Alceſtes*. *Servius.*

ÆGIALE, Daughter of *Adraſtus*, King of *Argos*, and Wife of *Diomede*, who wounded *Venus* at the Siege of *Troy*; to revenge which the Goddeſs gave ſuch a Spirit of Wantonneſs to Ægiale, that ſhe profituted herſelf to all Man-kind. When *Diomede* return'd, ſhe attempted his Life, becauſe he could not ſatisfy this inor-dinate Luſt; but he took Refuge in the Tem-ple of *Apollo*, and abandon'd that unfortunate Woman. *Servius in Æneid.* M. Bayle Diët. Crit. 2d. Edit.

ÆGIS,

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ÆGIS, one of the *Gorgons*, a Monster born of the Earth; she breath'd Fire and Flame with black thick Smoke. This Monster laid waste *Phrygia*, fetting Fire to the Forefts and Plains; infomuch that the People were oblig'd to quit the Country. *Pallas* fought this *Gorgon*, flew her, and cover'd her Shield with her Skin. This Shield was afterwards call'd the Ægis of *Pallas*. *Homer* has given us a fine Description of it.
*Hom. Iliad.* *Hor. l. 1.* *Od.*

ÆGINA, Daughter of *Afopus*, she was so sincerely belov'd by *Jupiter*, that this God often wrapp'd himself in a Flame of Fire to visit her, and had by her *Æacus* and *Rhadamanthus*.

ÆGINETES. The *Myrmidons* being the Subjects of *Æacus*, Son of *Ægina*, were thus call'd.
*Pliny*.

ÆGIPIUS, a young Man of *Theffaly*. He obtain'd by the Power of Money to lie with *Timandra*, the most beautiful Woman of the Age. *Neophron*, Son to *Timandra*, enrag'd at so odious a Compact, obtain'd the same Thing of *Bulis*, Mother to *Ægipius*. At length, being juftly inform'd at what Hour *Ægipius* was to come to find *Timandra*, he made her go out, and put *Bulis* exactly in her Place, and left her with a Promife to return immediately. *Ægipius* came to the appointed Place, and lay with his own Mother, who knew him not 'till afterwards. This Action fill'd them with so much Horror, they would have kill'd themselves. But *Jupiter* chang'd *Ægipius* and *Neophron* into Vultures, *Bulis* into a Plongeon, and *Timandra* into a Bird call'd *Parus*.
*Hygin.* *Fab.*

C

ÆGIS.

Æ G

ÆGISTHUS, Son of Thyestes and Pелеpe. Thyestes, to whom the Oracle had foretold, that the Son which he should have by his own Daughter Pelope, should revenge the Crimes of Atreus, made this Daughter Prieſteſs of Minerva from her Infancy, with Orders to carry her into Places which he knew not, and a Charge not to inform her of her Birth. He thought by this Precaution to avoid the Inceſt with which he was threatned; but some Years after, meeting her in a Wood, and not knowing her, he ravilſh'd her, and the Daughter forc'd from him his Sword which ſhe kept. Pelope, caus'd her Son to be brought up by the Shepherds, who call'd him Ægithus. When he was of Age to carry Arms, ſhe made him a preſent of the Sword of Thyestes. This young Prince rais'd himſelf in the Court of Atreus, who choſe him to go and kill Thyestes, whoſe Dominions he would invade. Thyestes knew his Sword, which gave him reaſon to ask Ægithus ſeveral Queſtions, who anſwer'd, he receiv'd it of his Mother. After ſome Enquiries, Thyestes recollected the Oracle, which he found accompliſh'd as to the Inceſt. Ægithus, enrag'd that, in Obedience to Atreus, he had come to murder his own Father, return'd immediately to Mycenæ, where he ſlew Atreus. Being enamour'd of Clytemneſtra, he affaſſinated Agamemnon, and took poſſession of the Throne: But Oreſtes afterwards ſlew him in his turn. All Authors relate this Story differently. Some make this Ægithus Son of Pliſtenes, and others the Son of Thyestes. I have follow'd thofe who agree with each

Æ G

Æ N

each other, and whose Authority is esteem'd the
moft valid. Hygin Soph. Eurip. Ovid Nat. Com.

ÆGLE. One of the three Hesperides.

There was a Nymph of this Name, who
pleas'd herself with playing roguish Tricks to
the Shepherds. Having one Day found old Si-
lenus drunk, she joined herself to the two Satyres,
Chromis and Mnasfilus to bind her Hands with
Garlands, whilst she painted his Face with Mul-
berries.

Virgil Eclog. 6.

ÆGON, a famous Wrestler, who dragg'd
by the Legs, to the Top of a Mountain, a
mad Bull to present it to Amaryllis.

There were many Shepherds of this Name.

ÆGYPTUS, Son of Neptune and Lybia,
and Brother to Danaus. He had fifty Sons,
who marry'd the fifty Daughters of his Bro-
ther, call'd Danaides, they maffacred their Hu-
bands the first Night of their Marriage, except
Hypermneftra, who flew'd favour to Lynceus.
See Hypermneftra.

ÆMATHION, a famous Robber, who
flew all those that fell into his Hands; Hercules
kill'd him. Those Plains which this Robber fre-
quented are call'd Æmathian or Æmathian.

ÆNEAS, a Trojan Prince, Son of An-
chises and Venus. When the Greeks took Troy,
he valiantly opposed them in the Streets of the
City; but, finding himself too weak for the
Number, he took his Father Anchises, plac'd
him with the Dii Penates on his Back, and, lead-
ing his Son Acanius by the Hand, he retreated
with what Trojan Troops he could collect to
Antandros. Twas then he lost his Wife Creusa,

C 2

nor

Æ N

nor could ever after know what Fate she had.
He set fail afterwards and pats'd to *Epirus*, and,
after being tofs'd with several Tempefts, he land-
ed at *Carthage*, where Queen *Dido* became passi-
onately in love with him. He pats'd from thence
into *Sicily*, where *Anchises* dy'd, and where he
rais'd to him a magnificent Tomb. At length,
having been the Sport of the Winds, his Fleet
arriv'd in *Italy*. In the first place, he was to
confult the Sybil, who taught him the Way to
*Hell*, whither he defcended, after he had found
the golden Bow, which she had directed him
to present to *Proserpine*. He saw his Father
*Anchises* in the *Elysian* Plains, and all the *Trojan*
Heroes. His Father instructed him in every
thing that was to happen before his Death.
Hence he return'd and imbark'd upon the *Tiber*,
where *Cybele* chang'd his Ships into Nymphs.
He declar'd War against *Turnus*, a Lover of
*Lavinia's*, whom he marry'd after a Number
of Engagements with that Prince, in one of
which he flew him. He founded there a new
Empire with his Son *Acanius*. From him the
*Romans* date their Descent. 'Tis said, *Venus*
took him and carry'd him to Heaven, in spight
of *Juno*, who had been the Caeue of all his
Misfortunes, and who profefs'd herself against
him becaufe he was a *Trojan*. Virg. Æneid.
Hom. Ovid. Hygin. Nat. Comes.

ÆNIPEUS, a Theffalian Shepherd. He
transform'd himself into a River to enjoy Tyro.
This Nymph, feeing the Waters of Ænipeus ex-
tremely clear, was tempted to bath. Ænipeus
enjoy'd her, and had by her Pelias and Neleus.

ÆOLUS,

Æ S

ÆOLUS, God of the Winds, and Son
to Jupiter; he honourably entertain'd Ulysses
passing thro' his Dominions, and, as a Mark
of his peculiar Favour, made him a precent of
several Leathern-Bottles, wherein the Winds
were confin'd. The Companions of Ulysses,
not able to check their Curiosity, open'd the
Bottles, the Winds burst forth, and rais'd so
dreadful a Hurricane, that Ulysses lost all his
Ships, and eſcap'd alone on a Plank. Æolus
had certain a Power over them, that he could
check them with a Nod, they return'd with in-
credible Swiftnes to their Cells, and subter-
raneous Abodes, where he kept them in Con-
finement.

ÆOLIA, the Kingdom of the Winds, in
the midft of the Seas near Sicily.

ÆOS, a Giant, Son of Typhon.

ÆOUS, one of the four Horſes of the Sun.

ÆSACUS, Son of Priam and Alixothoe.
This Prince so passionately lov'd the Nymph
Hesperia, that he left Troy to follow her. As
he fled from him, he was bitten by a Serpent,
and dy'd of the Wound it gave. Æſacus plung'd
himſelf into the Sea for Grief, but Thetis chang'd
him into a Puffin. V. Ariftæus, and Euridice.

ÆSCULAPIUS, God of Phyſick, Son
of Apollo and Coronis. Apollo having flain
Coronis, and her Lover Iſchis, took Æſculapius
from the Womb of the faithleſs Nymph, and
gave him to Chiron the Centaur, to be brought
up. He ſpent his whole Life in the Gardens,
where he obtain'd a perfect Knowledge of Sim-
ples. Jupiter ſtruck him with a Thunderbolt

for

ÆT

for having reftor'd Life to Hippolitus, Son of Theseus; and Apollo largely reveng'd his Death See Apollo. Iliad. l. 5. Pindar.

ÆSON, Son of Creteus, Brother to Pelias, and Father to Jafon. Being arriv'd to an extreme old Age, he was made young again by Medea, at the Requeft of Jafon her Husband. This Story is told of Pelias. But these fort of Contradictions are common amongst the Poets.

ÆTHALIDES, Son of Mercury. 'Tis said he obtain'd of his Father the Liberty of demanding what he pleas'd, except Immortality; he ask'd the Power of recollecting all he had done, when his Soul shou'd inform other Bodies. Diogenes Laertius reports, that Pythagoras, to prove his Tranfmigration of Souls, pretended to have been this Æthalides.

ÆTHON, the Name of one of the four HorSES of the Sun.

ÆTNA, a famous Mountain in Sicily, which cafts forth Fire and Flames. In this Mountain are Vulcan's Forges, where the Cyclops are continually employ'd to make Jupiter's Thunder.

ÆTHRA, Daughter of Pitheu; being enamour'd of Ægeus King of Athens, who abode with her Father, she became with child of Theseus. Ægeus left her a Sword and a Pair of Buskins, which the Child whom she bore, when he was grown up might carry to him, in order to be known. Theseus afterwards went to vifit his Father, who receiv'd him, and proclaim'd him his Heir.

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There

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There was another Æthra, Daughter to Ocea-
nus and Thetis, Wife to Atlas, Mother of Hyas,
and seven other Daughters. Hyas being de-
vour'd by a Lion, her Sifters dy'd with Grief;
and Jupiter, out of Compassion, changing them
into Stars, they were in Memory of the Accident
call'd by the Latins, Suculæ [Weepers] and by the
Greeks, Hyades.

ÆTOLUS, Son of Diana and Endymion,
he took Possession of that Part of Greece which
was afterwards call'd Ætolia

ÆTOLIA, a Province of Greece; it took
its Name from Ætolus Son of Endymion.

AFRICUS, one of the Cardinal Winds.

AGAMEMNON, King of Argos and
Mycenæ, Son of Pbilstenes, and Grandson to
Atreus, Generaliffimo of the Grecian Army
againſt the Trojans. At the Siege of Troy he
had a great Dispute with Achilles, concerning a
Captive, named Brifeis, which he had forc'd from
him. The City being taken, Caffandra, Priam's
Daughter, foretold him he ſhould be ſlain, at
his arrival home; but he believ'd her not, and
was murther'd by Ægithus, a Lover of Cly-
temneſtra's. Orestes, Electra, and Iphigenia his
Children fully reveng'd his Death.

AGANIPPE, Daughter of the River Permeſſus, which flows from Mount Helicon; ſhe was Metamorphos'd into a Fountain, whose Waters had the Virtue of infpiring Poets. This Fount was ſacred to the Mufes.

AGANIPIDES or AGANIPE-
DES, a Name of the Mufes. They were ſo
call'd from the Fountain Aganippe, ſacred to
them.
AGAVE,

AGAVE,

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AGAVE, Daughter of Cadmus and Her-
mione, caus'd her Son to die for his Contempt
of the Feasts of Bacchus.

AGES — The GOLDEN-AGE.
This was the Reign of Saturn, whilft Men liv'd
in Innocence, the Earth spontaneoufly produc'd
all the Requifites of Life. See Afræa. Na-
talis Comes.

The SILVER-AGE. This was the Time,
which Saturn spent in Italy, where he taught
the Art of Tilling the Ground, which already
refus'd its Productions, becaufe Men began to
be unjuft.

The BRAZEN-AGE. This commenc'd
after the Reign of Saturn, when Licentiouſneſs
and Injuſtice began to prevail.

The IRON-AGE. This fucceeded the
Brazen. Now the moſt flagrant Crimes were
committed over the whole Earth, which entire-
ly deny'd it's Harveſts, and the Men wholly
fet themſelves to cheat each other.

AGENOR was Son of Neptune and Lybia,
the moſt antient King of Argos, and Father of
Cadmus, whom he forbid ever to return without
his Sifter Europa, whom Jupiter had carry'd
away.

AGENORIA, the Goddeſs of Induſtry,
ſhe was likewife call'd Strenua [aſtive] She is op-
pos'd to the Goddeſs Murcia, that is, Venus, or
the Goddeſs of Sloth, becauſe ſhe renders Men
inactive and effeminate.

AGESILAS, a Sir-name of Pluto, be-
cauſe he manag'd the dead, whom, under the
Care of Mercury, he tranſmitted to Hell.

AGLAURA

A G

A J

AGLAURA, or AGRAULA, Daugh-
ter of Cecrops. She promis'd to affift
Mercury
in his Amours with her Sifter Herſe for Hire :
But Pallas, enrag'd at such a Contract, infus'd
into the Breast of Aglaura such a Jealouſy againſt
Herſe, that ſhe attempted every way to fet them
at Variance. After this Pallas gave to the three
Sifters, Aglaura, Herſe and Pandroſa, a Baſket,
wherein Erichthonius was ſhut up, with a Charge
not to open it. Aglaura and Herſe, not being
able to govern their Curioſity, had no sooner
open'd the Baſket, but they were tormented
with Furies, and caſt themſelves headlong from
the Summit of the Houſe; but were chang'd
into Swallows. Pauſan. in Atticis. Ovid.
Metam. l. 2.

One of the Graces was also call'd by this
Name.

AGLAIA, one of the three Graces.

AJAX, Son of Oileus, was one of the Gre-
cian Princes that form'd the Siege of Troy. He
was so expert in all the Exercifes of Body, that
none equall'd him. He ravifh'd Caffandra in
the Temple of Minerva, whither ſhe had fled
for Refuge, during the Confusion of the City.
Minerva refolv'd to punifh him caus'd Nep-
tune to raife a violent Tempeſt, ſoon after he
had quitted the Port. After he had eſcap'd a
Multitude of Dangers, he mounted a Rock,
where he ſaid, In ſpight of all the Gods I ſhall
eſcape. Neptune, enrag'd, clove the Rock with
his Trident, and ſwallow'd him under the Wa-
ters. He gain'd a mighty Fame by his Cou-
rage, and did great Service to the Grecians du-
ring

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ring the Siege of Troy.

Homer. Ovid. Senec.

*Agamemnon.*

There was another *AJAX*, Son of *Telamon*, who acquir'd no lefs Glory than the former. This latter was invulnerable, except in one part of the Breast, which he only knew, and was no lefs impious than the firft. He was likewise at the Siege of Troy, where he greatly distinguifh'd himſelf. He fought a whole Day againſt Heſtor, who, charm'd with each other, defiſted, making each other fatal Preſents; for the Belt, which Heſtor receiv'd, ferv'd to bind him to the Chariot of *Achilles*, by whom, after being flain, he was dragg'd round the Walls of the City. Afterwards *Achilles* being flain, *Ulyſſes* and *Ajax* conteſted for his Arms, *Ulyſſes* carry'd them off; *Ajax*, transported with Fury in the Night, fell upon all the Flocks in the Camp, and made a great Slaughter, thinking to have flain *Ulyſſes*; but Reaſon returning, he turn'd againſt himſelf the fatal Sword he had receiv'd from Heſtor.

Homer. Ovid. Metam. l. 5.

ALBANS, People of *Alba*.

ALBANIA, a Kingdom in *Italy*.

ALBA, the capital City of *Albania*.

ALBION and BERGION, famous Giants, Sons of *Neptune*. They had the Confidence to attack *Hercules*, becaufe he had not his Arrows, and wou'd have hinder'd his paffing the *Rhine*; but *Jupiter* overwhelm'd 'em with a Shower of Stones.

ALBUNEA, a famous Sybil, who prophesy'd at *Trivoly*.

ALCÆUS

A L

ALCÆUS, Son of Perseus, and Husband of Hippomona, was Father of Amphitryon, and Grandfather of Hercules.

There was another Alcæus, Son of Hercules, and who was the first of the Heraclides, so call'd from the Name of Hercules.

ALCESTA, Daughter of Pelias, and Wife of Admetus King of Theffaly. This Prince being dangerously ill, Alcefta consulted the Oracle, which answer'd, he wou'd die, if some Person did not submit to Fate in his Place. No one offering himself, Alcefta devoted herself. Hercules arriv'd in Theffaly, the Day that Alcefta was sacrific'd. Admetus receiv'd him perfectly well, and lodg'd him in a separate Apartment, left his Misfortunes fhou'd make him neglect the Duties of Hofpitality. Hercules requited well the Hoft, undertaking to combat Death, he went down into Hell, whence he brought back Alcefta in ſpight of Pluto, and reſtor'd her to her Husband.

ALCIDES. Hercules was so call'd from Alcæus, whence he was defcended.

ALCIMEDON, a famous Carver.

ALCINOE, having kept back the Wages of a poor Woman, was severely punish'd by Diana, who inſpir'd her with so great an Affection for one nam'd Xanthus, that ſhe abandon'd her Hufband and Children to follow him: But, ſpight of the Affiduity of her Lover, ſhe became so jealous, that, thinking him treacherous, ſhe plung'd into the Sea.

ALCINOUS, King of the Inland Corcyra. Ulyſſes, being there wreck'd, was receiv'd with all poſſible Marks of Efteem.

AL-

A L

ALCION or ALCINOUS, a Giant,
Brother to Porphyrion, who flew twenty four
of Hercules's Soldiers, and wou'd have knock'd
down this Hero, who receiv'd the Stroke on his
Club, and flew the Monster with an Arrow.
Seven young Daughters, who tenderly lov'd
him, were so concern'd, that they caft them-
felves into the Sea, and were chang'd into
King's-Fishers.

ALCIONE or ALCINOE, Daughter
of Æolus, was chang'd into a King's-FisHER,
being inconsolable for the Death of Ceix, her
HUband, Son of the Morning-star; he was
drown'd in the Sea, as he pafs'd to find his Wife
in the Arms of him, from whom Aurora had
taken her. The Gods requited their Fidelity,
by changing them both into Halcyons, and or-
der'd that the Sea fhou'd be calm at the Time
when thefe Birds make their Nefts in the Sea,
according to Cuftom.

ALCIONEUS, a famous Giant, who
aided the Gods againſt Jupiter. Minerva caſt
him from the Globe of the Moon, where he
was poſted. He had the Power to raiſe himſelf,
but Hercules afterwards cruſh'd him to Pieces.

ALCIOPE, Daughter of Mars and Aglaia, was one of Neptune's Miftreffes.

ALCITHOE, one of the Mineides.

ALCMENA, Daughter of Electryon, King
of Mycenæ; the marry'd Amphytrion, on Condi-
tion he reveng'd the Death of her Brother, whom
the Thebans had caus'd to die; whilſt Amphytri-
on was engag'd in the War, Jupiter being in
Love with her, enjoy'd her in the Shape of Am-
phytrion,

A. L

phitrion. Hercules sprung from this Adultery. But Juno, knowing this Prince's was big with Child, oppos'd her Delivery, becaufe Jupiter had promis'd the highest Deftiny to the Child which was to be born, and caus'd Euriftheus to come before Hercules, that, as being the older, he might have Dominion over him. Galanthis, Maid to Alcmena, put an ingenious Cheat upon Juno at the Birth of Hercules. See Galanthis. Alcmena marry'd Rhadamanthus after the Death of Amphitrion. Plin. l. 35. Metam. l. 9. Plaut. Amphit.

ALCMEON, Son of Amphiaraus was poſſeſs'd with the Furies, and the Ghoſt of his Mother Eriphyle, whom he flew by his Father's Orders; becaufe ſhe had diſcover'd the Place, where he had retir'd, to avoid going to the War of Thebes. Polinices had forſc'd this Secret from Eriphyle for a Necklace, which he receiv'd from Hermione. Alcmeon marry'd Alcinoe, to whom he gave this fatal Chain, which he afterwards took from her, to preſent it to Callirrhoe, which coſt him his Life; for the Brothers of Arcinoe, incens'd by this Affront, flew him. Met. l. 9. Virg. Æneid. l. 6.

ALECTO, one of the three Eumenides or infernal Furies.

ALECTRYON, a young Soldier, Confidant and Favourite of Mars. Being one Day appointed Centinel, whileſt this God was with Venus, he fell aſleep, and ſuffer'd them to be ſurpriz'd by Vulcan. Mars was ſo provok'd, that he chang'd him into a Cock.

ALEXANDER, a Name of Paris.

D

ALOIDES,

AL

AM

ALOIDES, these are the Children of Iphimedia.

ALPHEUS, was a Hunter by Profession, who having long time purfu'd Arethusa, a Nymph of Diana's Train, was by this Goddeſs chang'd into a River, and Aethusa into a Fountain, but not being able to forget his Affection for her, he mingled his Waters with those of his Miftrels.

ALPHESIBŒA, or ARSINOE, Daughter of the River Phlegius, whom Alcmeon eſpous'd for a Necklace, which he had taken from his Mother Eriphyle, and whereof he made her a Prefent.

There was a Shepherd of this Name.

ALTHÆA, Wife of Oeneus King of Calydon. This Prince, on a Time, in his Sacrifices forgot Diana, who to revenge this Affront, rais'd a Boar that ravag'd the Country of Calydon. Meleager his Son flew his Uncles, because they had taken from Atalanta the Spoils of this Boar, which he had prefented to her. Althæa to revenge the Death of her Brothers, caſt the fatal Brand into the Fire, on which the Fates had determin'd the Deſtiny of this Prince: ſhe afterwards kill'd herself for Grief. Several Authors ſuppoſe it to be Meleager, who forgot Diana in his Sacrifices.

ALTHEMENA, see Cratea.

ALYXOTHOE, a Nymph and Mother of Œfacus, whom ſhe had by Priam, by whom ſhe was greatly belov'd.

AMALTHEA, is the Name of the Goat that fuckled Jupiter; in gratitude to ſo good

A M

good an Office, he plac'd her with his two
Goats in Heaven, and gave one of her Horns
to the Nymphs who had taken care of his In-
fancy, with this excellent Virtue of producing
whatever they defir'd. 'Tis this which is call'd
the Horn of Plenty. Ovid Metam. l. 9. Hor.
Poem. 2. l. 1. Ep. 12.

This Name was likewife given to the Cumæ-
an Sibyll.

AMATHUS, a City in the Island Cyprus, confecrated to Venus; the Inhabitants built her a magnificent Temple, as also to Adonis her Lover. She chang'd them all into Bulls, and took away all Modefty from their Wives, who profituted themſelves to the firſt Comer, becaufe they sacrific'd Strangers to her, which was what this Goddeſs abhorr'd. This City was likewife call'd Amathufa, and the Country Amathufia. Metam. l. 10.

AMATHUSA, the fame as Amathus.

AMATHUSIA, the Isle Cyprus, ſo call'd
from Amathuſe, a City ſacred to Venus.

AMAZONS, Warlike Women of Capadocia, which dwelt upon the Banks of the River Thermodoon. They ſuffer'd no Men amongſt them, and receiv'd them but once a Year to have Poſterity, and then ſent them back. Befides it was requir'd, that they firſt kill'd three of their Enemies. They kill'd or maim'd their Male Children, but carefully brought up their Daughters, whoſe right Breaſt they burnt, for the more commodious uſing the Bow; they had bloody Wars with their Neighbours, and were almoſt deſtroy'd by Hercules, who made

D 2

one

A L

one of their Queens a Prifoner. Quint. Curt. l. 5. Diod. l. 3. Plin. l. 6. Herod. Melpom.

AMBERVALIA, Sacrifices in honour of Ceres. The People made a Tour round the plow'd and fown Fields before Harveft. Thofe who prefided at these Feafts, were in Number twelve, call'd Fratres Arvales. Cato de re Ruft. Virg. Geor. l. 3.

AMBROSIA, a Meat which was fet before the Gods; whoever once tafted of it became immortal.

AMPHIARAS or AMPHIARAUS, Son of Apollo and Hypermneſtra. Eriphyle his Wife for a Necklace inform'd Polinices of the Place where he had conceal'd himſelf to prevent his going to the War of Thebes, where he was to fall. The Day before he was ſwallow'd up by the Earth, with his Chariot, an Eagle pitch'd upon his Spear carry'd it up, then let it fall; where being pitch'd in the Ground, it chang'd into a Laurel. This happen'd when he was at Table with the Chiefs of the Army. Plin. l. 7. Ovid. l. 3. depon.

AMPHIMEDON, Son of Melantho, one of the Lovers of Penelope, whom Telema-chus flew with the Sword.

AMPHINOME, Mother of Jafon, chief of the Argonauts; ſhe plung'd a Poignard in her Breaſt, out of Sorrow for the long Ab-fence of her Son, who was gone to the Conqueſt of the golden Fleece.

AMPHION, Son of Jupiter and Antiope. Queen of Thebes, built the Walls of that City with the Muſick of his Harp. The Stones touch'd

A M

touch'd with his Harmony, rang'd themselves
in their Places. This is he, who, with Zetus his
Brother invented Musick.

AMPHITRYON, Son of Alcæus, and
Grand-Son of Perseus, took Possession of Thebes,
and marry'd Alcmena. He made War upon the
Thelebeans, whom he defeated by Means of Corn-
etho, Daughter to Pteleras their King, from
whom this Prince's cut a golden Hair, on which
depended the Fates of Thelebe. During this War,
Jupiter, in the Form of Amphitrion, enjoy'd Al-
mena: This Prince conquer'd the Kingdom of
Thelebe, became formidable to all his Neigh-
bours, and punish'd Cornetho for her Treason,
who' the passionately lov'd him. The fame thing
happen'd to Minos when he befieg'd Megara
— Appollod. l. 2. Plaut. Amp. Hygin. Bayle.
see Scylla. The Fable is full of similar Events,
and whose only Difference lies in the Names un-
der which they are related.

AMPHITRITE, Daughter of Oceanus
and Doris, Godde's of the Sea, and Wife to
Neptune. After she had long time avoided Mar-
riage, Neptune sent two Dolphins who found her
at the Foot of Mount Atlas, and carry'd her
away in a Chariot in the Form of a Shell,

AMPHOTERUS, see Acarnas.

AMPHRISUS, a River of Thefaly, on
the Banks of which Apollo tended the Herds of
Admetus, and where he flay'd the Satyr Marfyas
alive. 'Twas here he became enamour'd of
Evadne, Lycoris, and Hyacinthus, whom he kill'd
unawares as he play'd at Quoits.

D 3

AMY

AM

AN

AMYMONE, one of the fifty Danaids; she marry'd *Enceladus*, whom she flew the first Night of their Nuptials, according to her Father's Order. Stung with remorse, she retir'd into the Woods, where shooting an Arrow over a Hind, she wounded a Satyr, who purfu'd and ravish'd her in spight of *Neptune*, whose Affinity she in vain implor'd. *Neptune*, in his turn, surpriz'd her, as she was seeking Water, ravish'd her, and chang'd her into a Fountain.

AMYNTAS, is the Name of a Shepherd.

AMYNTOR, King of the *Dolopians*, People of *Epirus*, was slain by *Hercules* for refusing to let him pass thro' his Dominions.

ANAXABIA, a Nymph who disappear'd in the Temple of *Diana*, whither she had fled to escape the Pursuit of *Appollo*.

ANAXARETTA, a Nymph of the Island *Cyprus*, she was chang'd into a Rock for refusing to comply with the Desires of *Ophis*.

ANCÆUS, King of *Arcadia*, was one of the Number of the *Argonauts*. One of his Slaves, on a certain Day, told him he should no more drink the Wine of his Vineyard. Ancæus laugh'd at the Prediction, and immediately order'd a Cup of Wine to be brought; before he had drank, the Slave told him there was still a Space between the Bowl and his Mouth, at the same Instant he was inform'd by a Meffenger, that the *Calydonian* Boar was in his Vineyard, he forthwith threw down the Cup, and flew to the Monster.

A N

Monster, which flew him.
Com.

Pauf. Hygin. Nat.

ANCHISES, a Trojan Prince, and of the Family of Priam, was the Son of Capys, and the Nymph Nais, he marry'd Venus and had Æneas; 'tis said he was struck with a small Stroke of Lightning, for having reveal'd thofe Favours which he had receiv'd of this Goddeſs. After the taking of Troy, he left the City with great Reluctance, on account of his extreme Age, with Æneas, who carry'd him on his Back to the Ships, holding his Son Aſcanius by the Hand. He carry'd the Dii Penates, with what else he held moſt valuable, and went into Sicily where he dy'd, at which place Æneas rais'd him a noble Tomb.

ANDROGEUS, Son of Minos. The Young Men of Athens and Megara flew him out of Malice, becaufe he always carry'd off the Prize in the Games. Minos, to be reveng'd, oblig'd the Athenians and Megareans to expofe, every Year, seven young Women and seven young Men to the Cruelty of the Minotaur, to ſerve him for Meat.

ANDROGYNUS, that is to ſay, Man and Woman, V. Hermaphrodite.

ANDROMACHE, Daughter of Oetion King of Thebes, Wife of Hector, and Mother of Aſtynanax; after the taking of Troy, she fell in the Divifion of the Spoils to Pyrrhus, who carry'd her into Epirus and marry'd her. Pyrrhus being dead she marry'd Helenus Son of Priam. This Widow lov'd Hector so tenderly that she never ceas'd to talk of him; she caus'd a no-ble

A N

ble Monument to be rais'd to him, which created
much Jealoufy and Uneafinefs in the Minds of
thofe that marry'd her. The Remembrance
of Hector and Aftyanax took up her whole
Life. Hom. Iliad. Virg. Æneid.

ANDROMEDA, Daughter of Cepheus
King of Æthiopia, and Cassiope, who had so much
Raſhneſs as to dispute with Juno and the Nereids
for ſuperior Beauty; Juno, as a Punifhment,
condemn'd her to be bound by the Nereids with
Chains and expos'd naked on a Rock to a Sea-
Monſter; but Perſeus mounted on the wing'd
Horſe Pegasus, as he pafs'd, ſaw Andromeda in
this State, on the Point of being devour'd by
the Monſter, which he turn'd to Stone by pre-
fenting to him the Head of Medusa, and deli-
ver'd this unfortunate Fair, whom he reſtor'd
to her Father, who in return gave her him in
Marriage. Ovid Metam. l. 4.

ANNA, Sifter to Pygmalion and Dido, ſhe
follow'd her Sifter into Africa. After Dido's
Death ſhe retir'd to Malta, from whence Pyg-
malion offering to force her, ſhe fled into Italy,
and thew herself into the Arms of the River
Numicius, and there abode to eſcape the Reſent-
ment of Lavinia. Virg. Æneid.

ANTANDROS, a City and Port of Phry-
gia where Æneas embarqu'd.

ANTS, ſee Æacus and Clitoris.

ANTÆUS, a famous Giant, Son of Nep-
tune and Terra. He refided in the Defarts to
murder all Paſſengers, having made a Vow to
raſe a Temple to Neptune of Mens Sculls. Her-
les fought this Giant, and threw him thrice to
the

A N

the Earth, but in vain, for the Earth his Mother
recruited his Strength as often as he touch'd it.
This Hero rais'd him in the Air, and choak'd
him. Some belive that *Antæus* reign'd over the
*Pygmys*.

There was a Woman nam'd *Antæa*, and some-
times Stenobæa, v. Belerophon.

ANTEROS, the God of dishonourable
Love. He is believ'd to be the Son of *Mars*
and *Venus*, who seeing Cupid did not grow, ask'd
*Themis* the Reafon of it, who anſwer'd, it was
because he had no Companion. She gave him
*Anteros*, with whom Cupid began to grow.
They are repreſented as two little Boys, with
Wings at their Shoulders, pulling down a Branch
of a Palm-Tree.

ANTHIOPE, Queen of the Amazons,
was vanquifh'd and taken by Hercules, who pre-
fented her to Theseus.

There was another *Anthiope*, Daughter, of
*Micteus*, who yielded to the Love of *Jupiter*,
by whom she had two Children; her Father
would have put her to death, but she eſcap'd,
after his Death, *Lycus* her Uncle purſu'd her,
and put her in Cuſtody of his Wife, who treated
her with great Severity. Her Children came to
her Deliverance, ſee Zetus.

ANTICLEA, Mother of Ulyſes.

ANTIGONE, Daughter of Oedipus King
of Thebes, and Jocaſta; deſiring to pay her laſt
Reſpects to her Brother Polynices, againſt the
Command of Creon; ſhe was condemn'd by this
eruel Prince to be famiſh'd in Prifon, but ſhe
ſtrangled herſelf there. Hæmon who was to have

AN

AP

marry'd her, kill'd himself for grief on her
Body.

There was another, the Daughter of Laome-
don, who fancying herself more Beautiful than
Juno, was chang'd into a Stork. We find ma-
ny such Instances of Pride in the Fable. See
Cassiope.

ANTIOPE, see Antiope.

ANTIPHATES, King of the Læstrigons.

APPENNINE, a famous Mountain of
*Italy*, it reaches from the *Alpes*, near the Sea, to
the Boundaries of *Italy* and *Sicily*,

APHRODITE. Venus was so call'd be-
baufe she sprung from the Froth of the Sea.

APIS, Son of Niobe; he took Poffefſion
of all Ægypt, and govern'd it with so much
Lenity, that the People reverenc'd him as a
God, and worſhipp'd him under the Figure of
an Ox, believing, that in the Time of the Gods
defeat by Jupiter, he eſcap'd under that Form;
they call'd him likewife Oſiris and Serapis.

APOLLO, Son of Jupiter and Latona,
Brother to Diana, he was call'd Phæbus in Hea-
ven, becaufe he govern'd the Chariot of the
Sun, drawn by four Horſes; and Apollo in
the Earth. He was eſteem'd the God of Poe-
try, Muſick and Sciences. He put himself at
the Head of the nine Muſes, and dwelt with
them on the Mountains Parnassus, Helicon, Pie-
rus, the Banks of Hippocrene, and Permeſſis, where
the Horſe Pegasus uſually fed, which ſerv'd them
to ride on. Jupiter having ſtruck Æſculapius with
Thunder, who had rais'd Hippolitus, Apollo
ſlew the Cyclops for having form'd the Bolts.

This

A P

This Action caus'd him to be driven from Heaven, and during this Exile, he retir'd to Admetus King of Theffaly, whose Flocks he tended, which Mercury attempted to steal from him, and whilft he fought his Bow and Arrows to prevent him, he understood they were likewife stole. After this, not knowing what to purfue, he went with Neptune to make Bricks, and affift Laomedon to rebuild the Walls of Troy, but receivev'd no Reward. (See Laomedon.) When the Waters of the Deluge of Deucalion were re-treated, he flew the Serpent.Python, which sprung from the Slime of the Earth, and laid waste the Country. The Skin of this Monster ſerv'd to cover the Tripod on which the Pythoneſs or Priestefs fat to give out the Oracles. The moſt celebrated Places where they were deliver'd were Delphos, Delos, Claros, Tenedos, Cyrrha, and Patara. His moſt magnificent and renowned Temple was at Delphos. Hyacinthe, Leucothoe, Cyparis, Clytia, and a vaſt Number of others were the Objects of his Love. One Day as he purſu'd Daphne, not being able to catch her, he chang'd the Nymph into a Laurel-Tree, whereof he made himself a Crown. The Cock, the Hawk, and the Olive were ſacred to him, becauſe theſe he had lov'd, had been metamorphos'd into theſe Shapes. He is frequently repreſented with a Harp in his Hand, or with the Instruments of Art near him; and in a Chariot drawn by four Horſes traversing the Zodiac. Ovid. Plutarch. Pauſan. Hygin. &c.

AP-

A P

A R

APPLES. See Discord, *Thetis*, *Atalanta*, *Hesperides*, *Bacchus*, &c.

AQUARIUS, one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiac. This was before *Ganimede*, whom *Jupiter* plac'd in Heaven.

AQUILO, a boiftrous Wind and extremely Cold. The Poets make him the Son of Æolus and Aurora, they fay he has the Tail of a Serpent, and Hairs always hoary.

ARACHNE, an expert Artift in embrology, dar'd one Day to challenge Minerva to a Tryal of Skill on a Piece of Tapestry. The Goddeſs incens'd at ſo much Raſhneſs broke the Thread and Spindle of this aſpiring Nymph, and chang'd her into a Spider.

ARCAS, Son of *Jupiter* and *Califto*, being arriv'd to Manhood, the Hunters prefented him to his Grandfather *Lycaon*, who receiv'd him with Joy, and who afterwards, to try *Jupiter's* Power, when he entertain'd him, ſerv'd him up at a Feaſt the Limbs of *Arcas*. *Jupiter* enrag'd at an Experiment ſo horrid, chang'd him into a Wolf, and *Arcas* into a Bear, which was plac'd in Heaven near his Mother. See the fame Story in *Atreus*, *Pelops* and *Tereus*. *Ovid Met. Nat. Com.*

ARCUS CŒLESTIS. See IRIS.

ARCHEMORUS, Son of *Lycurgus* King of *Nemea*, was ſet by his Nurſe on a Plant of Parſly, whilſt ſhe went to ſhow a Fountain to the Princes, who went to beſiege *Thebes*, this Nurſe dy'd by the Bite of a Serpent which the Princes kill'd, and a Fountain having rifen under

A R

der *Archemorus*, they carry'd him with them,
and instituted in Memory of this Accident
the *Nemæan* Games, which were celebrated
every three Years. The Victors put on
Mourning, and were crown'd with Parfly.

ARCHIMEDES, a famous Geometer,
who found out the Method of Measuring the
Heavens and Earth with the Compafs.

ARCHONS. The Judges in certain Parts
of Greece were so call'd.

ARETHUSA, a Companion of *Diana's*,
who chang'd her into a Fountain, when she
fled the Pur suits of *Alphæus*. 'Twas she who
inform'd *Ceres* of the Rape of *Proserpine* by
*Pluto*. Her Waters run into *Sicily*, and mingle
with thofe of *Alphæus* her Lover. *Ovid Met. l. 5.*

One of the Hesperides bears also the fame
Name.

ARGO, the Ship in which *Jafon*, with the
Princes of *Greece*, went to fetch the golden
Fleece. Some maintain it to be the first Ship
which fail'd on the Seas. It was call'd *Argo*,
from the Name of its famous Architect *Argus*,
who invented it, and made it of Oaks from
the Forest of *Dodona*.

ARGOLIS, a Province of *Peloponefus*.

ARGON, Son of *Alcæus*, and one of the
Heraclides

ARGONAUTS. The Princes who affected
with *Jafon* to fetch the golden Fleece
were so nam'd, from their Ship *Argo*.

ARGOS, the Metropolis of *Argolis*.

ARGUS, Son of *Aristor*. He had, some say,
a hundred Eyes, whereof fifty always wak'd,

E

whilft

A R

whilft the other fifty flept. *Juno* committed to
his Cuftody the Cow *Jo*, of which *Jupiter* was
enamour'd. But *Mercury* lull'd him to fleep
with the Mufick of his Pipe, and flew him.
*Juno* afterwards chang'd him into a Peacock,
and took this Bird under her Protection. *Met*
*Apolod. Strab. Plin.*

There was another *Argus*, a famous Archi-
tect, Son of *Polybius*, who invented the Ship
*Argo*.

There was another, the Son of *Jupiter* and
*Niobe*, who reign'd at *Argos*, and who firſt till'd
the Lands of Greece. The Fable gives us ſo
many Inventors of Agriculture, that the Number
is unknown. See *Saturn*, *Ceres*, *Bacchus*, &c.

ARGYRA, a Nymph of Theſaly. She became enamour'd of ſelenus, a young Man of extraordinary Beauty, and lov'd him till the Shepherd was grown old. ſelenus, who lov'd her no leſs tenderly, wither'd almoſt away with Grief, at the Thoughts of loſing her. But Venus, mov'd with pity, chang'd their Shapes one into a River, the other into a Fountain which, like Alphæus and Arethuſa, mingle their Streams. Nevertheleſs ſelenus chanct to forget his Miſtrefs, whence his Waters were enu'd with a Virtue of making Lovers forger their Amours, as oft as they drink, or bath there.

ARIANE, or ARIADNE, Daughter of Minos King of Crete. She was so ftruck with the Charms of Theseus, who was to have been devour'd by the Minotaur, that she fell in love with him, and gave him a Clue of Thread, by means

A R

means of which he eſcap'd out of the Laby-
rinth, having ſlain the Monster; ſhe accom-
pany'd her Lover, who abondon'd her on a
Rock in the Island *Naxos*, where, after a bitter
Lamentation of her Misfortunes, ſhe was made
Priestefs to *Bacchus*. *Plutarch in Vit. Theſ.*
*Ovid. Faſt. l. 3. Metam. l. 8. Catul. Propert.*

ARICIA, Daughter of *Pallantus*, (whom
fee.

ARIES, one of the Twelve Signs, the
Ram which carry'd *Phryxus* into *Colchos*, and
whose Fleece was Gold, which the *Argonauts*,
with a *Son* at their Head, went to conquer.

ARION, a celebrated Player on the Lute,
being on Board a Ship, the Sailors intended
to drown him, to get his Money; but before
his Death he obtain'd leave to play upon his
Lute, at the Sound of which the Dolphins
flock'd round the Ship, whereupon he threw
himſelf into the Sea, and one of theſe Dol-
phins carry'd him on shore. He came to *Pe-
riander*, who caus'd the Pyrates to be purſu'd,
the greatest Part of which were severely
punish'd. *Phæd. Fab. Herod. Plin.*

ARISTEUS, Son of *Apollo* and *Cyrene*.
He became desperately enamour'd of *Euridice*,
who, flying his Purſuit, the Day of her Nup-
tials with *Orpheus*, was ſtung with a Serpent,
and dy'd in a Moment. The Nymphs, touch'd
with this Misfortune, kill'd all *Arifteus's* Bees.
His Mother advis'd him to confult *Proteus*, who,
being ſurpriz'd, advis'd him to appeaſe the
Manes of *Euridice*, by sacrificing four Heifers,
and four Bulls, from the Bowels of which illu'd

E 2

Swarms

A R

Swarms of Bees. *Arifteus* after his Death was
numbred with the Gods, and often appear'd to
the Shepherds, who rais'd Temples to his Ho-
nour. *Virg. Georg.* 4. *Nat. Com.*

ARISTOMENES, a moft cruel Titan,
who sacrific'd one Day three hundred Men at
once.

ARME, an *Athenian* Princefs. She was
chang'd into an Owl, for attempting to betray
her Country to *Minos*. Some believe her to be
the fame as *Scylla*, Daughter of *Nifus*, whose
Name the Poets have been pleas'd to change.

ARRICHION, the Name of a famous
Wreftler.

ARROWS. See Diana, Cupid, Adraftns,
Philodetes, Cephale, Achilles, Aetæon, Orion,
Abaris.

ARSINOE, Daughter of Nicocreon. She
was greatly belov'd by Arceophon, who, not be-
ing able to gain her Affections, dy'd for Grief.
This Nymph calmly beheld the Funeral of her
Lover, but Venus transform'd her into a Flint.

ARTEMIS, the Name of the Delphic
Sybil, call'd also Daphne. See Sybil.

ARTEMISA. See Mausolus.

ARVALES, a Society of twelve Men,
call'd Brothers; they prefided over the Sacri-
fices made to Ceres for the Fruits of the Earth.
They celebrated their Feafts twice a Year,
making a Tour round the Corn-Fields.

ARUNTICES, the Name of a Man
who, having derided the Feafts of Bacchus, was
punifh'd by that God, who forc'd him to drink
so much Wine, that he loft his Reafon, and
ravifh'd

A S

ravish'd his own Daughter *Medulina*, who, in-
cens'd thereby, flew her ill-fated Father.

ASCANIUS, or IULUS, only Son to
Æneas and Creusa. He was brought very young
by his Father to Latium, where he founded the
City Alba. Virg. Æneid.

ASCALAPHUS, Son of Acheron and
Nox. 'Twas he who declar'd Ceres had eaten
seven Grains of a Pomegranate in Hell, which
was the Reafon she could not recover her
Daughter Proserpine, whom she went to fetch
thence. Jupiter had promis'd to oblige Pluto
to restore her, on Condition she eat nothing
there. She was so enrag'd againft Ascalaphus,
who inform'd againft her, that she caft some of
the Water of the River Phlegethon in his Face,
and chang'd him into an Owl; which Bird Mi-
nerva took under her Protection, becaufe Aſ-
calaphus inform'd her of what pafs'd during the
Night-time. *Metam. l. 5.*

ASCOLIA, Feafts in Honour of Bacchus. They were celebrated in the Villages of Attica, and so call'd, becaufe they were oblig'd to hop upon oil'd Skins full of Air, and he that fell was the Jeft of the Company.

ASOPUS, Son of Oceanus and Tethys.
He was chang'd into a River by Jupiter, on
whom he attempted to wage War, becaufe
the God had laid with his Daughter.

ASS. See Midas, Silenus.

ASSARACUS, Son of Tros. See Calirhoe.

ASTERIA, Sifter to Latona. She was
chang'd into a Quail, as she fled the Addressees
of Jupiter.

E 3

ASTE-

A S

ASTEROPUS, a young Greek, who was flain before Troy by Achilles, whom he met with great Fury before the Death of Hector.

ASTRÆA, Daughter of Jupiter and Themis. She left Heaven to dwell on Earth, during the golden Age; but, the Vices of Man-kind having drove her away, she remounted Olympus, and plac'd herself in that Part of the Zodiac call'd Virgo.

ASTRA, Sons of Aftræus and Heribea. Some fancy them to be the Titans, who attempting to scale Heaven, some remain'd fix'd there, and the rest were struck down with Thunder by Jupiter. See Castor, Cepheus.

ASTRÆUS, one of the Titans, Father of the Winds and Stars, seeing his Brethren had denounced War against Jupiter, he arm'd on his Part the Winds, his Children; but Jupiter plunged them under the Waters, and Aftræus was chain'd to Heaven, and chang'd into a Star. Many of the Poets nevertheless make the Winds the Progeny of Æolus.

ASTYANAX, the only Son of Hector and Andromache. This young Prince, after the taking of Troy, gave Uneafinefs to the Greeks. Calchas advis'd them to throw him from the Summit of a Tower, becaufe he might probably one Day revenge the Death of Hector, and rebuild the Walls of Troy. Ulysses fetch'd him from the Queen. Some are of Opinion, she gave him another Child in his Room; that Aftyanax was fav'd by his Mother; and that in Procefs of Time he retir'd into Germany, where he fix'd.

Some

A T

Some imagine Andromache carry'd him with her
into Epirus: But Virgil says the contrary.

ATALANTA, Daughter of Faſius,
King of Arcadia, and Clymene, and Wife of
Meleager, by whom he had Parthenope. She
greatly affected Hunting, and gave the first
Wound to the Boar of Calydon, whose Spoils
she receiv'd from the Hand of Meleager before
they were marry'd.

There was another Atalanta, Daughter of Sche-
neus, who was fought in Marriage by many young
Princes; but her Father would not give her to
any, but him who overcame her in the Race. Hip-
pomenes, by the Affiftance of Venus, gain'd this Ad-
vantage. It was she who advis'd him to rowl home
Ample's of Gold, which might entice Atalanta
to move out of the way to take up. They
were chang'd the one into a Lion, the other
into a Lionefs. Ovid. Nat. Com. Hygin.

ATE, a malicious Goddeſs, who took Plea-
fure to embroil Men in Misfortunes, and diſturb
their Understandings.

ATERGATIS. See Derceta.

ATHAMAS, King of Thebes. Vide Ino.

ATHENS, the Metropolis of Attica.

ATHOS, a famous Mountain of Mace-
donia.

ATLAS, a Giant, Son of Jupiter and Cly-
mene. Jupiter gave him in Command to ſupport
the Heav'ns on his Shoulders. Being on a Day
warn'd by the Oracle to beware of one of Jupi-
ter's Sons, he became ſo averſe to Mankind,
as to receive no one into his Company. Per-
ſeus went, but had no kinder a Reception than
others.

AT

AU

others, which provok'd him so, that he robb'd
him of thofe Apples he kept with so much Care;
at laft, shewing him the Head of Medusa, he
chang'd him into a Mountain so lofty, that its
Summit could not be discover'd by the Eye.
Ovid. Metam.

ATREUS, Son of Pelops and Hippodamia,
incens'd, that Thyestes his Brother had treated his
Wife with too much Gallantry, and thereby had
two Children, at a Banquet he made him feed
upon them. 'Tis said the Sun shrunk back with
Horror, left he should behold so odious an Acti-
on. All Atreus's Pafterity was fully punifh'd
for this Crime. This Fable is a Kin to that of
Tereus, Pelops, and Arcas.

ATROPOS, one of the three Deftinies. 'Tis
fhe who cuts the Thread of Life. See Parcæ.

ATYS, a young Phrygian, to whom Cybele,
who lov'd him paflionately, committed the
Care of her Sacrifices, on Condition he viola-
ted not his Vow of Chaftity; but failing in that,
by his Converfation with Sangaris, he caſtrated
himſelf, and had dy'd in the Operation, had not
Cybele chang'd him into a Pine.

There was another Atys. See Adraftus.

AVENTINE, one of the seven Hills in
the Circle of Rome.

AUGEA, Daughter of Alceus. She was
with Child by Hercules, and went into the
Woods to bring forth Telephus; who, being ar-
riv'd to Manhood, rais'd himſelf highly in the
Court of Teutras, King of Myſia, with whom
Augea had taken Refuge to eſcape the Anger
of her Father. Telephus, not knowing his Mo-
ther,

A U

ther, obtain'd Leave of the King to marry her.
But Augea, not willing to marry a Knight Er-
rant, attempted to kill him, when she was
frighted by a Serpent. This Accident gave
them an Opportunity to declare who they were,
whereby they came to the Knowledge of each
other. Eurip. l. 3.

AUGEAS, King of Elis. He contracted
with Hercules to give him the Tenth of his Cat-
tle to cleanse his Stables, whose Fumes infected
the Air. Hercules turn'd the Waters of the Ri-
vers Alphæus, and cleans'd them; afterwards
he kill'd this King for refusing him his Hire,
and gave his Dominions to Phileus his Son.
Erafm. Ovid. Met.

AULIS, a Haven of Bæotia, where the
Greeks met together, when they went to befiege
Troy. The Province and Capital were also call'd
Aulis. Hom. Odyss. Ovid. Met. l. 3. 7.

AURORA, Daughter of Sol and Luna.
'Tis she who prefides at the Break of Day. She
is represented in a Palace of Vermilion, appa-
rel'd and drawn in a Chariot of the fame Me-
tal. She passionately lov'd Tithonus a young
Prince, renown'd for his Beauty, Son of Lao-
medon, and took him up to Heav'n; when he
was grown old she left and chang'd him into
a Grafs-hopper. She became afterwards despe-
rately enamour'd of Cephalus, whom she like-
wife carry'd away from Procris, and, to make
herself belov'd, sow'd Discord betwixt them;
but they were reconcil'd. Cephalus having, one
Day as they were hunting, unwittily kill'd Pro-
cris, Aurora took him into Syria, where she
had

A U

had afterwards a Son by him. When she was
pall'd with this Lover, she took Orion up, and
after him several others.

AUSONIA, a Province of Italy, whose
Inhabitants were call'd Aufonians.

AUSTER, a Wind extremely hot, Son
of Atræus and Heribea, according to some;
and of Æolus and Aurora, according to others.
He made his usual Abode in the sultry Climes
of the South. His Breath was sometimes so
hot, that it kindled Ships and Cities.

AUTOLEON, General of the Crotonans, fighting on a time against the Locrians, who always left a space in the midst of their Army for Ajax, as tho' he had been alive, he happen'd to light into this Place, and was wounded in the Breast by the Ghost of Ajax; nor was cur'd before he had appeas'd the Manes of that Hero.

AUTOLICUS, Son of Mercury and Chione. He learn'd of this God the Art of Thieving, with the Power of putting on different Shapes, and giving them to his Booties. But Sisyphus discover'd him, by marking under the Hoof all those Beasts which he stole from him, and enter'd into Friendship with him, because he lov'd his Daughter Anticlea. Metam. l. 11.

AUTUMNUS, an alegorical Deity which
is faid to prefide over Fruits. The fame as
Pomona. See Pomona.

BAAL,

B
BA

B AAL. See Bel.
BACCHANALIA, Feafts in honour of Bacchus; they were celebrated by People who profituted and abandon'd themselves to all forts of Debauchery.

BACCHANTES. The Women who follow'd Bacchus to the Conqueft of India, making every where loud Acclamations to publish his Victories were so call'd. During the Celebrations of the Bacchanalia and Orgia, they ran about cover'd with the Skins of Tygers, their Hair floating loosly, holding Thir fus's, Torches and Flambeaux, and fending forth moft frightful Howlings.

BACCHUS, Son of Jupiter and Semele. Many make him the Son of Proserpine. Euri pides, Nicander, Orpheus, and Cicero in his Trea tife de Natura Deorum 1. 3. and ſeveral others differ about this Subje ct; but the Generality relate it thus. Juno, always fir'd with Rage againſt the Miſtreſſes of Jupiter, to revenge herſelf, advis'd Semele, when ſhe was yet with Child, that ſhe ſhould demand of Jupiter to viſit her in all his Majeſty, which with Difficulty ſhe obtain'd. Jupiter, fearing that Bacchus, of whom ſhe was big, ſhould be burnt with her, put him in his Thigh, where he kept him the remainder of the nine Months, till the Time of his Birth was full, when he was ſecretly put into the Hands of Ino his Aunt, who with the Hyades, the Horæ, and Nymphs brought him up; when he was grown up, he conquer'd

India,

B A

*India*, thence pafs'd into Ægypt, where he
taught Men Agriculture, firft planted the Vine,
and was worfhipp'd over all the Earth as the
God of Wine; he severely punifh'd *Pentheus*,
who attempted to oppofe his Sacrifices. He
triumph'd over all his Enemies, and furmount-
ed all the Dangers to which *Juno*'s Hate conti-
nually expos'd him; for the Refentments of
this Goddeſs did not only extend to the Miftreffes
of *Juno*, but to their Offspring. *Bacchus* tranſ-
form'd himſelf into a Lion, to tear in pieces
the Giants who attempted to ſcale Heaven, and
was eſteem'd, next to *Jupiter*, the moſt powerful
of the Gods. He is ſometimes repreſented with
Horns on his Head, becaufe in his Travels he
was always clad in the Skin of a Goat, which
Beaſt they sacrifi'd to him; ſometimes fitting
on a Tun; ſometimes on a Chariot drawn by
Tigers, Lynx's, or Panthers; often with a Cap
in one Hand, and a Thirſus in the other,
with a Stroke of which, he is ſaid to have pro-
duc'd Fountains of Wine. All the Poets ſpeak
of *Bacchus*. Nat. Com. Hygin. Firmin. Pauſan.

BAGOE, a Nymph who taught the *Tufs*-
cans the Art of Propheſying by Thunder. Some
fancy her to be the Sibyl *Erythrea*, or *Hero*-
phyla. See *Sibyl*.

BALANCE. See *Themis*.

BALIUS and XANTHUS, Horses of
*Achilles*. 'Tis ſaid they were ſprung from Ze-
and Podarga.

BALL. See *Acontius*, and *Paris*.

BAPTA, the Goddeſs of Shame. Her
Feaſts were celebrated in the Night with Danc-
ing and all Kinds of Debauchery.
BA-

B A

BASARAS, or PASSALUS. See A-
chemon.

BASKET of Fruits. See Flora and Po-
mona.

BASSAREUS, a Sirname of Bacchus. Bo-
chart in his Chanaam, l. 1. c. 18. says, this Word
comes from the Hebrew Baffar, which signifies
to gather Grapes. Horace, Carm. l. 1. Od. 18.
feems to intimate, that it signifies to cry out.

BASSARIDES, Priefteffes of Bacchus, fo
call'd from Baffareus, the Sirname of Bacchus.
See Baffareus for the Etymology. Perf. Sat.
I. v. 101.

BATH. See Aeteon, Califto, Diana.

BATTUS, a famous Shepherd, who was
Witneſs to the Theft which Mercury committed
on Apollo's Cattle. Mercury gave to Battus
the moſt beautiful of the Cows, and oblig'd
him to promife not to diſcover him; but, not
confiding in him too much, he feign'd to re-
tire, and return'd ſoon after in another Form,
and in another Tone offer'd him an Ox and a
Cow, if he would tell where the Cattle he fought
were: The good Man took the Bait, and diſ-
cover'd all, for which Mercury chang'd him in-
to a Touchstone, which diſtinguifhes the Na-
ture of the Metal wherewith it is touch'd.

BAUCIS was a poor old old Woman,
who liv'd with her Husband Philemon, nearly
of equal Age with herself, in a little Hut.
Jupiter in a human Form, attended by Mer-
cury, viſiting Phrygia, was refus'd Admit-
tance by all the Inhabitants of the Village
where Baucis and Philemon liv'd, who were the

F

only

B E

only Persons who receiv'd them. To require them, he order'd them to follow him to the top of a high Mountain; and, as they look'd behind them, they saw the whole Village and Neighbourhood drown'd, except the little Hut which was chang'd into a Temple. Jupiter promis'd to grant whatever they requesfted; and the good Folks only defir'd to be Servants in this Temple, and not to die one without the other. Their Desires were fulfill'd; for when they were arriv'd to extream old Age, and tir'd of Life, one Day, as they were talking together at the Gate of the Temple, Philemon saw Baucis become a Linden-Tree, and Baucis was aftonifh'd to see Philemon become an Oak; they then tenderly took their laft Leave of each other.

BEAR. See Booteſ, Ægifiſtus, Circe, Arcas,
Califo.

BEL, or BELUS, Son of Neptune and Lybia, and King of Affyria. The firſt divine Honours were paid to his Statue; afterwards the Chaldeans and other Nations worſhipp'd him under the Name of Baal, and Jupitcr under the Name of Belus. Joseph. Hift. Jud. Apollod.

BELIDES, Daughters of Danaus, other
wife call'd Danaides; they were call'd Belides,
from Belus, whose Grand-daughters they were.

BELLEROPHON, Son of Glaucus
King of Egypt. Eurymedes, having kill'd his
Brother Pyrrhenus in hunting, fled for Re-
fuge to Proclus King of Argos, whose Wife,
nam'd Sthenobæa or Antæa, made him wanton
Offers, to which he was inſenſible. Sthenobæa,
provok'd at this Indifference, accus'd Bellero-
phon

B E

phon to her Husband, of having attempted her Honour. Proclus, not willing to violate the Law of Nations, sent him into Lycia, with Letters directed to Jobates, Sthenobæa's Father, to put him to Death. Bellerophon, warn'd of what they had plotted against him, mounted the Horfe Pegasus, and vanquish'd the Monster Chimæra, which Jobates order'd him to fight. They rais'd him an infinite Number of Enemies, over whom he triumph'd, and eſcap'd by his Valour and Conduct all the Difficulties to which he was expos'd. He conquer'd the Solymæ, Amazons, and Lycians, and at laſt, having prov'd his Innocence, marry'd Philonoe, Daughter of Jobates, as a Reward for his illuſtrious Aacts. The fame Thing nearly is related of Hippolitus and Adraftus. Homer. Ovid. Nat. Com. Proper.

BELLONA, Goddeſs of War, and Sifter of Mars. It was ſhe who prepar'd his Chariot and Horſes when he went to the War. She is repreſented holding a Whip or a Rod ſtreaming with Blood, with diſhevel'd Hairs, and fiery flashing Eyes.

BELLONARES, Priefts of Bellona
Their Zeal for this Goddeſs was ſo great, that they prick'd their Bodies with Swords to her Honour, and offer'd to her the Blood iſſuing from the Wounds. They were honour'd as highly as Kings themſelves.

BELUS. See Bel.

BERECYNTHIA, or BERECYNTHA, a Name given to Cybele, becaufe ſhe had a Temple upon Mount Berecyntha.

BERGION. See Albion.

F 2

BITON.

BR

BU

BRISEIS, otherwife call'd *Hippodamia*,
Daughter of *Brifes*, Priest of *Jupiter*. *Achilles* having befieg'd *Lariffa*, and flain *Mines*,
Husband to *Brifeis*, made her his Concubine.
*Agamemnon* forc'd her from him; but was af-
terwards oblig'd to reſtore her, to prevail upon
him to take up Arms againſt the *Trojans*,
who were always victorious after his Retire-
ment into his Tent.
*Hom. Iliad*.

BRISES, high Priest to *Jupiter*, and
Father to *Brifeis*, invented the Way of making
Honey. Tho' others ſay it was *Ariftæus*.

BRITOMARTIS, Daughter of *Jupi-
ter*. She caſt herſelf into the Sea, to eſcape
the Purſuits of *Minos*; and was number'd
amongſt the Immortals, at the Requeſt of
*Diana*.

BRONTES, or BROTES, a famous
Cyclops, Son of *Cælum* and *Terra*. It was he
who forg'd *Jupiter's* Thunder, and made a
terrible Noife on his Anvil, with *Steropes* and
*Pyracmon* the other Cyclops.

BROTHEUS, Son of *Vulcan* and *Mi-
nerva*, ſeeing himſelf the Jeſt of the whole
World, on account of his Deformity, he
threw himſelf into the Fire of Mount *Ætna*.

BUCENTAURUS, or great Centaur.
(Such Names were given to Ships.)

BULIS. See *Egypius*.

BUSIRIS, the Son of *Neptune*, a Tyrant
and monſtrous Giant, who laid Ambushes for
all Strangers to devour them; he had even fa-
crific'd his own Father, but *Hercules* happily

ſlew

E 3

CA

Oracle at Delphos, which, instead of answering what he ask'd, order'd him to build a City in the Place whither a Heifer should conduct him. He departed with a Resolution to range the whole World, and being arriv'd in Bæotia made a Sacrifice to the Gods, and fending his Companions to the Fountains of Dirce to fetch Water, they were deftroy'd by a Dragon. Minerva, to comfort him, order'd him boldly to attack the Monster, with an Affurance of Successs, which happen'd accordingly : After his Victory he fow'd the Dragons Teeth, and from them iffu'd an Harvest of arm'd Men, who flew each other upon the Spot, five only excepted, who affifted Cadmus in building the City Thebes, in the very Place appointed by the Oracle. He marry'd Hermione, Daughter of Mars and Venus, by whom he had Semele, Ino, Autonoe and Agave. Having again confulted the Oracle, he learn'd that his Pofterity were deſtin'd to great Misfortunes ; and having banifh'd himſelf from his own Country, that he might not be a Witneſs of them was afterwards with his Wife chang'd into Serpents. Metam. l. 4. Hor. l. 1. Carm. Od. 10. Hygin. Lucan. Pauſan.

CADUCEUS, a Rod which Mercury receiv'd of Apollo, when he made him a Prefent of the Lyre. One Day Mercury, finding two Serpents fighting on Mount Cytheron, threw this Rod between them to feparate them; and the two Serpents twifted themſelves round it, in fuch a Manner, that the moſt elevated Parts of their Bodies form'd an Arch; Mercury afterwards carry'd it ſo, as an Emblem of Peace, and

C A

and added thereto Wings, as being the God of Eloquence. See *Mercury*.

CALAIS and Zetes, Sons of Boreas and Orythea. They made a Voyage to Colchos with the Argonauts, and drove the Harpyes from Thrace. They are defscrib'd with long Hair, having Wings at their Feet, and their Shoulders cover'd with Scales of Gold.

CALCHAS, a famous Prophet. He follow'd the Græcian Army to Troy, and foretold at Aulis, that the Siege would continue ten Years, and that the Winds would not be favourable, till Iphigenia, the Daughter of Agamemnon, was sacrific'd. When Troy was taken he went to Colophon, and died with Madneſs, becaufe he could not foretel thoſe things which Mopfus the other Soothſayer had; his fate being to die, when he found another Prophet ſuperior to himself. Hom. Virg. Æn. 2.

CALISTO, or HELLICE, Daughter of Lycaon, and a Nymph of Diana's. Jupiter, having taken the Form of Diana, ſurpriz'd her alone, and got her with Child. Diana, obferving the unwillingneſs with which this Nymph undreſs'd to enter the Bath, drove her from her Train. She went into the Woods to bring forth Arcas. Juno, who was always attentive to the Amours of Jupiter, and an inveterate Enemy to all thoſe who ſhar'd the Affections of the King of the Gods, chang'd this Nymph and Arcas her Son into Bears; but Jupiter plac'd them in Heaven, where they make the Conſtellation call'd the greater and leſſer Bears, or Boötes.

CAL-

CA

CALLIOPE, one of the nine Muses. She preludes over Eloquence and heroick Poetry. The Poets represent her as a young Maid, crown'd with Laurel, adorn'd with Garlands, with a majeestick Air, a Trumpet in her right Hand, a Book in the left, and two others near her, which are the Iliad, Odyssee and Æneid. Thucid. l. 2. Pausan. Hygin.

CALLIRHOE, a young Maid of Calydon, of whom Coræsus, high Priest to Bacebus, became passionately in love; seeing she would not hearken to him, he entreated Bacchus to punish her Coldnefs, who struck the Calydonians with Drunkenefs, which drove them distracted. The People consulted the Oracle, which answer'd, that this Calamity was only to be averted by the Sacrifice of Callirhoe, or of some one else who would devote himself for her. No one offering, she was brought to the Altar, and Coræsus the high Priest, seeing her crown'd with Flowers, and attended with all the Pomp of a Sacrifice, instead of turning his Knife againft her, stabb'd himself; Callirhoe, but too late, struck with Compassion, sacrificed herself to appease his Ghost.

There was another Callirhoe, Daughter of the River Scamander, who marry'd Tros, by whom she had Ilus, Ganymede, and Affaracus.

CALPE. See Abyla.

CALYDON, a Foreft of Ætolia, where Meleager flew a monstrous Boar. This was also the Name of the Metropolis of Ætolia.

CALY-

CA

CALYDONIA, a Province of Ætolia,
the Capital of which was Calydon.

CALYPSO, according to some the
Daughter of Dies and a Goddeſs; or of Oce-
anus and Thetis, according to others. She
inhabited the Inſle Ogygia, where ſhe kindly re-
ceiv'd Ulyſſes, caſt thither by a Tempeſt. She
lov'd him paſſionately, and liv'd with him
ſeven Years: But Ulyſſes preferr'd his Country
and Penelope to this Nymph, who had never-
theleſs promis'd him Immortality, if he would
ſtay with her. Hom. Odyſ. Nat. Com.

CAMILLA, Queen of the Volſci, ſup-
ported a long time the Army of Turnus againſt
Æneas. None excell'd her in the Race, or
in heroick Actions. She was ſlain by the
Stroke of a Spear. Æneid. l. 11. 12.

CANCER, or CRAB, was an Animal
which Juno ſent againſt Hercules, when he
fought the Hydra in the Fens of Lerna; but he
ſlew it, and Juno plac'd him in the Number of
the twelve Signs. Ovid. Metam.

CANDAULES, or MYRSILUS,
Son of Myſus, and the laſt of the Heraclides,
was very ſond of his Wife, whom he one
Day expos'd naked to one of his Favoureds
nam'd Gyges. This Queen was ſo provok'd,
that ſhe commanded Gyges to kill Candaules,
and marry'd him. Herod. Clio.

CANENS, Wife to Picus, waſted en-
tirely away with Grief, for the Lofs of her
Husband.

CANICULUS, Dies Caniculares, or
Dog-Days. See Icarus.

CA-

C A

CAPANEUS, a Giant of Argus, and
Husband to Evadne, made War againft Jupi-
ter, and perifh'd like the Titans.

CAPHAREUS, a famous Promontory
of the Inland Eubœa.

CAPYS, Son of Affaracus, a Trojan
Prince.

CAPRICORN. This was the God Pan,
who, fearing the Giant Typhon, transform'd
himself into a Goat, for which Jupiter plac'd
him amongst the twelve Signs of the Zodiac.
'Tis believ'd by fome, that this was the fam'd
Amalthea which fuckled Jupiter, who, to re-
quite her, plac'd her in the Zodiac.
Ovid.
Metam.

CARCASS, tied by the Feet to a Chariot.
See Hector, and Achilles.

CARTHAGE, a City and Kingdom of
Africa, founded by Dido, which was for a
long time, next to Rome, the greateft in the
World.

CARYBDIS. See CHARYBDIS.

CASSANDRA, Daughter of Priam and
Hecuba. This Princeſs had promis'd Apollo to
yeild to his Desires, if he would give her the
Power of Prophecy; but, when Apollo had
granted her Requeſt, ſhe would no longer ob-
ſerve her Promife; and the God in Revenge
caus'd, that no one ſhould give Credit to her
Predictions. Hence they mock'd her when ſhe
ſpoke of the Ruin of Troy. She advis'd againſt
bringing the wooden Horſe into the City, but
they regarded her not. Ajax, the Son of Oileus,
ravifh'd her at the Foot of the Altar, and af-
terwards

C A

terwards dragg'd her out of the Temple; which
he did, for having foretold his Misfortunes.
After the Fall of Troy she fell to the Lot of
Agamemnon, who became enamour'd of her.
She foretold him, that his Wife would caufe him
to be murther'd, but he beliv'd her not; and
this illfated Princeſs was flain with him by
Ægithus, when they arriv'd at Lacedæmon.

CASSIOPE, Wife of Cepheus, King of
Æthiopia, and Mother of Andromeda. This
Queen with her Daughter had the Vanity to
think herſelf more beautiful than Juno, and
the Nereides, who ſued to Neptune for Revenge.
This God ſent a Monſter, which made a fright-
ful Desolation. Cepheus, having confulted the
Oracle, was inform'd, that theſe Misfortunes
would not ceaſe, but by expoſing Andromeda
chain'd naked to a Rock, to be devour'd by
the Monſter, but Perſeus with the Head of Me-
dusa, mounted on the Horſe Pegaſus, chang'd
this Monſter into a Rock, reſcu'd Andromeda,
and obtain'd of Jupiter a Place for Caffiope
amongſt the Stars. See Cenchris, Chione, Ciny-
ras, Myrrha, Prætides, Antigone; where the
ſame Pride is to be found. Ovid. Met. l. 4.
Hygin. in Poet.

CASTALIDES. The Mufes were ſo
call'd, from the Fountain Caſtalius, ſacred to
them.

CASTALIA, a Nymph whom Apollo
chang'd into a Fountain, having lov'd her a
long time; he gave her Waters the Virtues
of infpiring the Spirit of Poetry in thofe who
drank thereof, and confecrated the Spring to
the Mufes.
CASTOR,

CASTOR,

CA

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CASTOR and POLLUX, Brothers of Helena, and Clytemneſtra, Sons of Jupiter and Leda. They follow'd Jafon in his Expedition to Colchos; and lov'd each other tenderly, as never to part. Jupiter beſtow'd Immortality on Pollux, which he ſhar'd with Caſtor, so that they liv'd and dy'd by Turns. The Antients dedicated to them many Temples, but always under the Name of Caſtor. On account of ſo noble a Friendship, they were chang'd into Stars, and plac'd in the Zodiac under the Name of Gemini, one of the twelve Signs. For their birth, see Leda. Phæd. Fab. l. 4. Lucian. Nat. Com.

CAT. See Liberty.

CATANE. See Evadne.

CAUSACUS, a famous Mountain in Colchis, the greateſt and higheſt in the World. It is inhabited by divers Nations, and its Summit is always cover'd with Snow.

CAVE. See Æolus, Sybil, Trophonius.

CAUNUS, Son of Miletus the Crotonian, feeing his Sifter Byblis burnt for him with a criminal Desire, he quitted his Country, and went to build a City in Caria. Metam. l. 9.

CAURUS, one of the cardinal Winds, the fame as Corus.

CECROPS, a very wealthy Ægyptian, who quitted his Country, and came into Attica, where he marry'd Agraule, Daughter of Aftæus, and was the firſt King of Athens. He is represented with two Faces, becaufe he invented Marriage. After his Death, Cocks were ſacri-

G

ſic'd

CE

fie'd to him, and 'tis faid, he appear'd amongst
the Affiftants under the Form of a Lion. Euseb.
Scalig.

CELŒNA, a famous Harpye.

CELMA, a Theffalian Lady. She was
chang'd into Adamant, for affirming Jupiter to
be mortal.

CELMUS, Husband to Celma, under-
went the fame Fate, becaufe of his Incredulity.
'Tis thought he was fofter Father to Jupiter.
Metam. l. 4.

There was another Celmus amongst the Cu-
retes, who was expell'd by his Brethren, as 'tis
reported, for having lain with the Mother of
the Gods.

CENCHRIS, Wife of Cinyras, and Mo-
ther of Myrrha, having dar'd to boast she had
a Daughter much handsomer than Venus, this
Goddeſs to be reveng'd ſuffer'd this Nymph
to fall in love with her own Father, who by
the Affiſtance of her Nurſe found means to
fatisfy her Luſt. As Inſtances of the fame
Pride ſee Myrrha, Caffiope, and Chione. Ovid.
Metam.

CENEUS, or CŒNIS. He had been a
Woman, and obtain'd of Neptune to become an
invulnerable Man. At the Marriage of Piri-
thous, he fought againſt the Centaurs, who
ſtifled him under a Foreſt of Trees, but Mercu-
ry chang'd him into a Bird. Ovid. Met. l. 12.
Virg. Æn. l. 6.

CENTAURS, People of a Country of
Theſsaly, Children of Ixion and the Cloud. They
were Horſes, with the Parts from the Navel
upwards

CE

upwards human. They were always arm'd with
Clubs, and were dextrous at handling the Bow.
Those who were invited to the Nuptials of
Pirithous, quarrell'd with the Lapithæ, mon-
strous Giants. They rais'd a hideous Cry with
their Voices, resembling the Neighing of
HorSES; Hercules vanquish'd these Monsters,
and drove them from Theffaly. *Met. l. 12.*
*Nat. Com.*

CEPHALUS, Son of *Mercury* and *Herſa*,
and Husband of *Procris*, Daughter of *Eriſtheus*:
Being perfectly beautiful, *Aurora*, became in
love with him, and carry'd him away, but in
vain, for ſhe could not gain the laſt Favour
from him. The Goddeſs, enrag'd at his Cold-
neſs, threaten'd to be reveng'd. She ſuffer'd him
afterwards to return to *Procris* his Wife, whom
he passionately lov'd; but, doubting her Fide-
lity, he diſguis'd himſelf to ſollicit from her
the laſt Favour; the Moment ſhe yeilded, he
discover'd himſelf, and reproach'd her Incon-
ſtancy severely. *Procris* retir'd to the Woods
to conceal herſelf, where *Cephalus* went to ſeek
her, not being able to live without her; at
her Return, ſhe preſented him with a Spear and
a Dog which *Minos* had given her; and in her
turn became ſo enamour'd of her Husband,
that ſhe was the moſt jealous of Women,
which pleas'd *Cephalus* very much. One Day
ſhe hid herſelf in a Thicket to watch him,
and the unfortunate Husband, thinking it to be
a ſavage Beaſt, ſlew her with the Spear he re-
ceiv'd from her; and, finding his Error, in de-

G 2

ſpair

C E

spair stabb'd himself with the fame. Jupiter
chang'd them into Stars. The fame Adventure
happen'd to one Atys. See Atys, or Adraftus.
Hygin. Metam. l. 7.

CEPHEUS, King of Æthiopia, and Father
to Andromeda. See Caffiope.

There was another Cepheus, Prince of Arca-
dia, a Lover of Minerva, who faften'd to his
Head a Hair of Medusa's Head, whofe Virtue
render'd him invisible.

CEPHISUS, a River of Phocis. He be-
came enamour'd of an infinite Number of
Nymphs, whom he could not enjoy. Met. l. 1.

CERASTÆ, a very cruel People of
Amathus, whom Venus chang'd into Bulls, be-
caufe they sacrific'd to her Strangers. She de-
priv'd the Women of all Modefty, so that
they profituted themſelves to every Comer.

CERBERUS, a Dog with three Heads
and three Throats, which guarded the Gate of
Hell; he sprung from the Giant Typhon and
Echidna. 'Tis faid he faun'd on the unhappy
Souls which came down, and tore in pieces
thofe that offer'd to depart. Orpheus, going to
recover his Wife, lull'd him to ſleep with the
Sound of his Harp; and when Hercules went to
bring back Alceſtta, this Hero chain'd and forc'd
him to follow. Homer. Virgil. Ovid. Tibul.
Horat. Nat. Com.

CERCROPES, People whom Jupiter
chang'd into Monkeys, becaufe they aban-
don'd themſelves to all Sorts of Debauches.
Ovid. Met. l. 12.

CER-

CE

CERCYON, a fam'd Robber, whom Theseus overthrew, and made suffer the fame
Torments he offer'd to Strangers. He had one
Daughter, who, yeilding to the Desires of Nep-
tune, was with Child, which provok'd him so,
that he caus'd her and the Child to be expos'd
in the Woods to be devour'd. Cercyon was so
ftrong that he could bend the thickeſt Trees,
and tie them together.

CEREALIA, Feaſts in Honour of Ceres.

CERES, Daughter of Saturn and Cybele,
and Goddeſs of Agriculture. She travell'd a
long time with Bacchus, teaching Men Hus-
bandry. Pluto, having forc'd away her Daugh-
ter Proſerpine, ſhe lighted two Flambeaus on
Mount Ætna to feek her, when ſhe came to
the Court of Triptolemus, ſhe taught particular-
ly that Prince the Art of tilling the Earth,
and took upon her the Care of privately bring-
ing up his Son nam'd Deiphon, whom ſhe fed
with her Milk to make him immortal, and
whom ſhe suffer'd to be burnt for the In-
discretion of Meganina. She continu'd her
Voyage, and met Arethusa, of whom ſhe en-
quir'd concerning her Daughter Proſerpine;
this Nymph inform'd her, that Pluto had car-
ry'd her away. She immediately went down
into Hell, where ſhe found her Daughter, who
refus'd to return. She had recourse to Jupiter,
who engag'd ſhe should return, provided ſhe
had eat nothing ſince her Arrival in the Ely-
fian Fields. But Aſcalaphus inform'd ſhe had
gather'd a Pomegranate in Pluto's Gardens,

and

G 3

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and that she had eat seven Kernels. Jupiter,
to comfort her, order'd that Proserpine should
pals fix Months of the Year with her, and the
reft with her Husband. This Goddeſs had ma-
ny famous Temples. All firſt Fruits were
usually offer'd to her. She is repreſented
holding a Sickle in one Hand, and a Branch
of Poppies, and Ears of Corn in the other,
with a Crown of the fame, and all cover'd with
diftended Teats. A Hog was ſacrific'd to her,
and she borrow'd her Name from the Places
where she had Temples. This is the moſt ge-
neral Idea we have of Ceres in Fable ; as to the
Truth of her Hiftory, it is difficult to ſift it
out, for neither the Mythologiſts nor the Poets
agree with themſelves.
Hygin. Pauſan.

Firmin. Apollod. Ovid. Met. Virg. Geor.

There are many who confound her with
Cybele.

CERUS, or SERÚS, the God of Op-
portunity. See Occafio. He is ſo call'd, becauſe
he always comes late.

CESTUS, the Girdle of Venus, wherein
are embroider'd Pleaſures, Loves, Desires, and
Charms. Juno borrow'd this Girdle, to create
Jupiter's Affections, and engage him againſt
the Trojans: Venus took off this Girdle in pre-
fence of Paris, and ſhew'd it him.

CEYX, Son of Lucifer and Chione. He
was so afflicted for the Death of his Mother,
that he went to Claros to confult the Oracle,
to know by what Means to raife her, but was
drown'd in his Voyage; his Wife Alcione went
to ſeek him, and obtain'd to be chang'd with
him

CH

him into Halcions. Aurora was passionately in
love with him, being the most beautiful Man
of his Age. See Aurora, and Alcione. Ovid.
Met.

CHAINS. See Æolus, Fury, Caffiope,
Protheus.

CHAONIA, a Province of Greece, fam'd
for the Forest of Dodona, where was a vaft
Number of Doves and Pidgeons.

CHAOS, a rude and undigested Maſs, or
rather the Elements confounded in each other,
fuch as they were before the Creation.

CHARIOT. See Boote, Achilles, Hippo-
damia, Deiphon. Drawn in the Air by wing'd
Dragons, see Medea. Overtun'd, see Myrti-
lus and Phaeton. Drawn by black Horſes, ſee
Pluto. By Hinds, ſee Diana. By Lions, ſee
Cybele. By a Boar and a Lion, ſee Admetus.
By a Pair of Doves or Pidgeons, ſee Venus.
Upon the Waters in the form of a Shell, ſee
Neptune, Amphitrite, Thetis. Broken, ſee Hip-
politus, Pelops.

CHARLES's Wain. See Boote.

CHARICLEA, Daughter of Hydaſpes.
Her Mother, when she was with Child, look'd
with so much Pleasure on the Picture of a Wo-
man very fair, that she brought forth Chariclea,
a perfect Beauty, who, being grown up, became
passionately in love with Theagenes, a young
Prince, with whom she run all possible Hazards
till they were marry'd.

There was another Chariclea, Daughter of
Apollo, and Wife of Chiron the Centaur: But
fome think they are the fame.

CHA-

CH

CHARON, Ferryman of Hell, Son of Erebus and Nox; it is he who transports the Shades in a Boat for a Piece of Money, which they are oblig'd to pay him on the Banks of Styx, Acheron, or the other Rivers.

CHARYBDIS, a famous Place near Sicily, dangerous for Ships to pafs, being a dreadful Whirlpool near another, named Scylla, where, were heard the hideous yellings and howlings of Dogs; they, who were oblig'd to pafs, always run the rifque of being caft away. These Gulphs were so near each other, that the Way was directly in the midft, for, by avoiding too much the one, there was a Necessity of falling into the other.

CHERSONESUS, a Province of Thrace.

CHESS. See Palamedes.

CHIMÆRA, a Monster, compos'd of the Head of a Lion, the Body of a Goat, and Dragon's Tail, vomiting Fire and Flame. She long wafted Lycia, till Bellerophon flew her. See Bellerophon. Hesiod. Apollod. l. 1. Eurip. Metam. l. 9.

CHIONE, Daughter of Dædalion. She was greatly belov'd by Apollo and Mercury, both whom she receiv'd the fame Night into her Bed. She had by the former Philamon-dus, a famous Player on the Lute; and Autoli-cus by the latter, a famous Sharper as well as his Father. Chione was so proud of her Beauty, that she dar'd to prefer herself to Diana, who, to punish her, shot her Tongue with an Arrow. The fame Pride may be seen in Caffi-ope and Cenchris. Metam. l. 11. Hygin. Fab. 20.

Fab. 20.

CH

CHIRON, a Centaur, Son of Saturn and
Phillyra. Saturn, fearing to be surpriz'd by his
Wife, transform'd himself into a Horfe to en-
joy her, by whom she had Chiron, half Man,
half Horfe. This Monster liv'd in the Moun-
tains, always arm'd with a Bow, and by his
Knowledge in Simples, became the greatest
Physician of his Time. He taught this Art
to Æsculapius, Astronomy to Hercules, and was
Governour to Achilles. He suffer'd greatly
in his Foot, from a Wound caus'd by the fall
of one of Hercules's Arrows, drench'd in the
Blood of Hydra. Tho' immortal, he ask'd Leave
of the Gods to die; but he was plac'd in Hea-
ven amongst the twelve Signs, and is Sagitta-
rius. Plin. l. 7. Ovid. Met. l. 9. Hygin.

CHRETEIS. See Atalanta.

CHROMIUS, one of the Sons of Priam
was slain by Diomede, at the Siege of Troy.

CHROMIS, a young Satyr.

There was another Chromis, Son of Hercules,
who fed his HorSES with human Flesh; but Ju-
piter flew him with Thunder.

CHRYSAOR, Son of Neptune and Me-
dusa. He marry'd Callirbæ, by whom he had
Geryon.

CHRYSEIS, Daughter of Chryses, Priest
of Apollo. She tell to the god of the
Siege of Thebes in Cilicia. 'Tis faid,
after the Siege of Thebes in Cilicia.
he prefer'd her to Clytemneftra for Beauty, and
her Skill in Embroidery. Chryses came in his
facerdotal Robes, to demand the Reſtitution of
his Daughter, who was deny'd him; but he pre-
vail'd with Apollo to afflict the Græcian Army
with

CH

with the Plague, which continued till his Daughter was restored. Chryseis returned big with Child, and declared the Deed was done by Apollo. Agamemnon, having restored her by Constraint, forced Brises from Achilles, which caused so hot a Dispute between the two Generals, that Achilles offered to have drawn his Sword in the Presence of the high Priest. See Briseis. Hygin. Homer. Iliad.

### CHRYSES.
See the foregoing Article.

There was another Chryses, the Offspring of Chryseis, whereof she reported she was big by Apollo; but some have thought it was by Agamemnon. The Birth of this Chryses was concealed, till the Time that Oreftes and Iphigenia ecap'd from Chersonefus with the Statue of Diana into the Island Smynthea. Chryses had there succeeded his Grandfather in the Office of high Priest, and there it was, that, discouraging at a Banquet, they knew each other. They returned to Mycenæ to take Possession of their Father's Dominions. Nat. Com. Hygin.

### CHRYSIPPUS.
natural Son of Pelops. He was so beautiful, that Laius, King of Thebes, became passionately fond of him. Pelops took him from him; but Hippodamia, fearing leaft the Youth might one Day dethrone him, treated him very roughly and beg'd of Atrecus, his Sons, to murder him; but they refus'd. Hippodamia then resolved to cut his Throat herself, and, feizing the Sword of Laius, she stabb'd Chrysippus, and left the Sword in his Body. He liv'd long enough to prevent Laius from.

CH

CI

from being suspected, which determin'd Hippo-
damia to flay herself. Eurip. in Orest.

CHRYSIS, Priests of Juno at Argos, who,
being asleep, let the Fire catch the sacred Or-
naments, afterwards the Temple, and was at
last burnt herself.

CICONES, a River in Thessaly, whose Waters harden'd Entrails, and petrify'd all they touch'd.

CILENO, one of the Pleiades.

CINARA. She had two Daughters, who,
being prefer'd to Juno for Beauty, were
chang'd into the Steps, which lead to the En-
trance of one of her Temples. See Cassiope,
Chione.

CINYRAS, King of Cyprus. He was passionately beloved by his Daughter, whom he took to his Bed without knowing her, and had by her Adonis. See Myrrha. Cinyras had been Priest and lover of Venus, and had fifty Daughters, whom Jupiter chang'd into Halcions.

CIRCE, Daughter of Dies and Nox, or, according to others, of Sol and Luna, a fam'd Inchantress. She was banish'd her Country, for having poison'd her Husband, King of the Sarmentes, and made her Abode in an Island which retain'd her Name, where she chang'd Scylla into a Sea Monster, because Glaucus had preferred this Nymph to her. She received Ulysses into her Island, of whom she became very much enamour'd. To keep him with her, she chang'd his Companions into Wolves, Bears, and other Savage Beasts, by a certain Liquor which she made them drink; whereof Ulysses would

CI

would not tafte; (tho' fome fay he drank) but
that *Minerva* ſhew'd him a Root which ſerv'd
for an Antidote. *Hom. Od. Ovid. Nat. Com.*

CIRCIUS, one of the Cardinal Winds.

CIRRHA, a Cavern of Phocis, whence proceeded the Winds which created a divine Rage, and produc'd oracular Reſponſes. This Cell was near the City Delphos.

CLAROS, an Ille in the Ægean Sea.

CLAUDIA, a Veſtal. She was ſuſpected not
to have loft her Virginity; but Veſta perform'd
a Miracle in her Favour, to ſhew her Prudence;
there was near the Harbour a Veſſel loaded
with the Statues of this Goddeſs, that a Million
of Men could not move, Claudia alone with her
Girdle drew it into the Port.

CLEOBIS and Biton, Brothers, who, want-
ing an Ox to ſacrifice to Juno on her Feſtival,
dragg'd their Mother to the Altar; but, having
flain her, they dropt down dead in the Place.

CLEOMedes, a famous Wreſtler. He
had ſuch prodigious Strength, that, being de-
priv'd of the Victor's Reward, which he had won
from an Inhabitant of Epidaurus by playing on
the Lute, he broke a Pillar of the publick Hall,
where a great Number were crush'd to pieces;
where they were greatly ſurpriz'd not to find
him. The Oracle declar'd he was the laſt of
Demigods and Indigetes.

CLIMENE, one of the Mineides.

CLIO, one of the nine Mufes, and Daugh-
ter of Jupiter and Mnemofyne. She prefided over
Hiftory, and is always repreſented under the
Form of a young Girl, crown'd with Laurel,
holding

CL

CL

holding a Trumpet in the right Hand, and a
Book in the left.

CLITA, Daughter of Merope, strangled herself that she might not survive her Husband.

CLITORIS, Daughter of a Myrmidon.
She was so little, that Jupiter was forced to
change himself into an Ant to enjoy her.

CLORIS, or Chloris, Daughter of Am
phion and Niobe. She marry'd Neleus, and after
wards Neftor. Apollo and Diana flew her, be-
caufe she had boafted to sing better than the
former, and to be handfomer than the laft.
See Caffiope, Cenchris, Chione.

CLOTHO, Daughter of Jupiter and The-
mis, one of the three Parcæ. See Parcæ. She
is represented cloth'd with a long Robe of di-
vers Colours, with a Crown fludded with fe-
veral Stars on her Head.

CLUB. See Hercules, Centaurs, Achmon,
Chiron, Vertue.

CLYMENE, a Nymph, the Daughter
of Oceanus and Thetis. Apollo passionately lov'd
her, and she had by him Phaeton, with his
Sifters Lampetia, Phaethusa, and Lampethusa.

CLYTEMNESTRA, Daughter of Ju-
piter and Leda, Sifter of Caftor, (see Leda) and
Wife of Agamemnon, who, during his Stay at
the Siege of Troy, became enamour'd of Æ-
gifthus, who, in Concert with her, flew that
Prince at his Return, and feiz'd his Domini-
ons. Oreftes, being grown up, reveng'd his
Father, by ftabbing his Mother Clytemneſtra

H

and

CL

and Ægithus, at the Requeſt of his Sifter Ele-
tra. See Orestes. Hom. Iliad. Saph. Electr.
Eurip. Agam. Hygin. Ovid.

CLYTIA, Daughter of Oceanus and The-
tis. She was belov'd by Sol, and conceiv'd ſuch
a Jealouſy to ſee herſelf forſaken for Leucothoe,
that ſhe ſtarv'd herſelf to death; but Apollo
chang'd her into a Flower, called Heliophe.
Hygin. Ovid. Met.

CNIDUS, or Gnidus, a City of Caria or
Doris, in which Venus had a beautiful Temple.

COCALUS, King of Sicily. See Dædalus.

COCK. See Death, Cecrops, Alebrion.
It is ſacred to Mars.

COCYTUS, a River of Hell, which ſur-
rounds Tartarus, and only ſlows with the Tears
of the Wicked.

CŒLUS. Cicero, in l· 2. 3. de Natura De-
orum, gives us an Explication which Noel the
Count fails not to refute. Nothing is more
uncertain than that which is reported of Cælus.
Tis poſſible there may have been a Conqueror
of this Name, but the Fables founded there-
on ſhew us the Impoſsibility there is of unra-
velling ſo intricate a Hiftory of Antiquity.
After the moſt exaſt Enquiries into the Hifto-
ry of the Gods, we find they are for the moſt
part defcended from one another. The Truths
we think to draw hence are only founded on
Conjecture, which gives them a romantic Air.
CŒLUS is eſteem'd the moſt antient of
the Gods, Son of Æther and Tellus. Saturn his
Son dethron'd him, and, to pervent his having

more

CO

more Children, with a Sickle cut off his Genitals, which he threw into the Sea, whence Sprung Venus. See Saturn.

COEUS, one of the Titans.

COLCHIS, a Country of Asia, fam'd for the golden Fleece.

COLCHOS, Capital of Colchis.

COLOSSUS, a brazen Statue of immense Height. There was one of Jupiter, and that of divers others; the most famous was that of Apollo at Rhodes.

COMPASS, an Instrument. See Archimedes, Minerva, Apollo.

COMUS, a God whose peculiar Office it was to attend at Feasts, and the Toilets of Women and young Men who affected Gallantry. He is represented with a Hat of Flowers, with a Flambeau in his right Hand, and resting the left on a Pillar.

CONCORD, call'd otherwife Peace, a Deity which the Romans worshipped, in Honour of whom they built a magnificent Temple. She was Daughter of Jupiter and Themis. She is represented the same as Peace.

CONON, a famous Mathematician.

CONSTELLATION, a certain Number of Stars representing some Figure, as a Ram, a Ballance, &c.

CORCYRA, an Island in the A driatick Sea, in which the Fruits grow as fast as they are pluck'd. Ulysses was there ship-wreck'd before he arrived in Ithaca.

CORÆSUS, Priest of Bacchus. See Calirrhoe.

H. 2

CO-

CO

CORINNA, a celebrated Beauty, under whose Name Ovid has written his Amours.

CORINTHUS, a famous City of Greece.

CORNETHO. See Amphitryon.

CORONIS, Daughter of Phlegias. Apollo passionately loved her, but she left him for a young Man named Ischis, which so provoked the God that he flew the two Lovers, and took from the Womb of Coronis the Infant she had conceiv'd, and commended him to Chiron to be brought up. He was named Æsculapius. The Crow, which informed Apollo of Coronis's Infidelity, was in return chang'd from white to black. Hygin. Ovid. Met. l. 2.

There was another Coronis, whom Minerva chang'd into a Crow, when she fled to escape the Importunities of Neptune.

Also one of the Hyades had this Name.

CORTINA, the Skin of the Serpent Python, with which the Pythonefs cover'd the Tripod on which she sat to deliver the Reſponſes of the Oracle.

CORUS. See Caurus, one of the principal Winds.

CORYBANTES, or CURETES, Priests of Cybele. They celebrated their Feasts by beating Drums, leaping, dancing, and revelling like Madmen. Jupiter was put into their Hands to be brought up.

COTHURNUS. See Melpomene.

COW. See Io and Iphianassa.

CRAB. See Cancer.

CRADLE. See Daetyls.

CR

CRA-

CR

CRATEUS, or CRETEUS, Son of Minos and Pafiphæ, having consulted the Oracle for his Destiny, he learned he should be kill'd by one of his Children. Althemenes, knowing the Misfortune that threaten'd his Father, flew one of his Sifters whom Mercury had ravish'd, marry'd the rest to foreign Princes, and banish'd him self. Crateus after this thought he was secure, but, not being able to live without his Son, he equipped a Fleet, and went in search of him. He landed in the Island Rhodes, where Althemenes was. The Inhabitants took up Arms to oppose Crateus, imagining him to be some Enemy who came to surprize them. Althemenes in the Combat discharged an Arrow at Crateus. This unhappy Prince died of the Wound he received, with the Affliction to see the Oracle fullfill'd; for his Son, coming near to strip him, they knew each other. Althemenes obtain'd of the Gods, that the Earth might instantly open and swallow him up. This Fable resembles that of Perseus. See Perseus, Telegonus.

CREON, Brother to Jocasta. He feiz'd the Kingdom of Thebes after the dreadful Fate of Laius's Family, and put to death Antigone, who alone of this unhappy Race remain'd. They say it was he who kindled and fomented the Divifion between Eteocles and Polynices, till these two Princes flew each other in a finite Combat.

There was another Creon, King of Corinth, whom Medea miserably tortur'd to death.

CRESSANT. See Diana.

H3

CRETE,

C R

CRETE, a famous Isle, whose Inhabitants
facrific'd Men to Jupiter and Saturn, and where
the greatest part of the Gods receiv'd their
Birth.

CRETHEUS, Son of Æolus, and King
of Iolcos. His Wife Demodicea falfly accus'd
Phryxus of having attempted her Honour.
Cretheus believ'd, and would have put him to
Death, but the young Prince eſcap'd with his
Sifter. Helle, Bellerophon, Hippolitus, and di-
vers others were accus'd in like manner. This
Story is repeated under different Names.

CRETHEIS. She is thought to be the
fame as Atalanta, Wife of Acaſtus. See A-
caſtus.

CRETHON, Son of Diocles. He went to
the Siege of Troy with his Brother Orſilocus,
who were kill'd by Æneas at one Stroke. Me-
nelaus had great Difficulty to retrieve their Bo-
dies from out of the Enemies Hands.

CREUSA, Daughter of Priam, and Wife
of Æneas. She disappear'd in the Diftractions
of Troy, when she fled with Æneas. 'Tis faid,
that Cybele out of refpect took her away, that
she might not be expos'd to the Infults of the
Victor. Æneid. 1. 2.

There was another Creusa, Daughter to Cre-
on, King of Corinth, who marry'd Jafon, after
he had divorc'd Medea. This Creusa perifh'd,
by a poifon'd Robe which Medea ſent her.

CRINIS, Prieft of Apollo, this God pu-
nifh'd him by filling his Country with Rats and
Mice, becaufe he had neglected his Duty in
the Sacrifices. Crinis for the Future correct-

ed.

C R

ed his Error, and *Apollo*, as a Mark of his Sa-
tisfaction, flew all thefe Animals with his Ar-
rows. *Natalis Comes*.

CRINISUS, a Trojan Prince, who,
being arriv'd in Sicily, went in queft of his
Daughter, whom he chofe rather to expofe in
a Bark, than to be pointed out by Lot a Prey
to the Monster, which *Neptune* had ſent into
*Phrygia*, becaufe *Laomedon* had refus'd to give
him and *Apollo* the Wages he had promis'd,
for affifting him to rebuild the Walls of Troy.
He was chang'd into a River, and had the Pow-
er to transform himſelf into any Shape; he
often us'd this Advantage to ſurprize the
Nymphs, and fought for the Nymph Ægitha,
whom he marry'd, and by whom he had
*Aceſtes*. See *Periclemenes*. *Servius. Metam.*
*Æneid. l. 5.*

CROCUS, a young Man who was ſo de-
fperately enamour'd of a Nymph, that he was
chang'd into a Plant call'd Saffron.

There was another *Crocus*, a Lover of Smilax. They lov'd ſo tenderly, and with ſo much Innocence, that the Gods, charm'd with their Loves, chang'd them into Rivers, the Moment they were about to taſte the Pleaſures, Lovers ſo much ſigh for.

CROWN upon the Head, see *Clotho*. Of
Flowers, see *Euterpe*, *Flora*. Of Laurel, see
*Apollo*, *Calliope* and *Clio*. Of Myrrh and
Roses, see *Erato* and *Hymen*. Of Pearl, see
*Polybymnia*. In the Hand, see *Melpomene*.

CROW. See *Apollo* and *Coronis*.

CU-

CU

CUMÆ, a City of *Italy*, where was a famous *Sibyl*, call'd thence the *Cumæan*.

CUP. See *Bacchus*, *Anteus*, *Ganymede*, and *Hebe*.

CUPID, or LOVE, was Son of *Mars* and *Venus*; he prefided over Pleafures; and is reprefented under the Figure of an Infant always naked, fometimes with a Fillet about his Eyes, a Bow and Quiver fill'd with burning Arrows, with which he us'd to wound thofe he defign'd to inflame with Love. He was greatly belov'd by *Psyche*, and had in his Infancy *Anteros* for his Companion. He was otherwife call'd *Eros*. Smiles, Jefts, Pleafures and Charms, were alfo reprefented under the Form of little wing'd Boys. *Pauſan.* *Ovid.* &c.

CURETES. See *Corybantes*.

CYANE, a Nymph of *Sicily*, Daughter of *Cyanippus*, attempted, tho' in vain, to op-
poſe the Ravifhment of *Proſerpine*.

CYANE, a Daughter of the River *Mæander*, and Mother of *Caunus* and *Byblis*, was chang'd into a Rock, for not hearkening to a young Man who lov'd her paſſionately, and who kill'd himſelf in her Prefence, without raſing in her the leaſt Concern.

CYANIPPUS, having contemn'd the Feaſts of *Bacchus*, was ſo ſtruck with Phrenzy, that he ravilh'd his own Daughter. Whereupon the Island *Syracuſe* was ravag'd by a dreadful Peſtilence. The Oracle, being confulted, anſwer'd, This Peſtilence would not ceaſe but by the Death of the Inceſtuous. *Cyane* dragg'd her

C Y

her Father to the *Altar*, and, having flain him,
ftabb'd herfelf.

CYBELE, Daughter of Sol, and Wife of Saturn. She was otherwife call'd Ops, Rhea, Veſta, Dea, Bona the Mother of the Gods, Dindymena, Idæana, and Berecyntha. As soon as ſhe was born, ſhe was expos'd to savage Beaſts, who took care of her, and brought her up. She paſſionately lov'd Atys. 'Tis thought ſhe is the fame as Terra, wherefore ſhe is repreſented with a Diſcus or Drum in her Hand, a Tower on her Head, a Key in her Hand, with a Garment ſtrew'd over with Flowers, always ſurrounded with Beaſts, and ſometimes on a Chariot drawn with four Lions. The Pine is ſacred to her ; her Priefts call'd Galli, Corybantes, Daëtyls, worſhipp'd her dancing a certain Step round her Statue, and frightfully diſtorting their Bodies. Hygin. Virgil. Ovid. Lucan. Martial.

CYCLADES were Nymphs transform'd
into Inſlands in the Ægean Sea, for not sacrifi-
cing to Neptune.

CYCLOPS, Forgeman to Vulcan, who la-
bour'd at Jupiter's Thunder in Mount Ætna,
in the Forge of Lemnos and other Places. One
part of them were Sons of Cælus and Terra,
the other of Neptune and Amphitrite. They
had only one Eye in the middle of the Fore-
head. Apollo flew them all, for having forg'd
the Thunder with which Jupiter ſtruck Æſcu-
lapius. Hom. Odyff. Virg. Æn. 1. 8. Ovid.
Faſt. 1. 4.

CY-

C Y

CYDIPPE, Miftrels of Acontius. See
*Acontius*.

CYGNUS, or Cicnus, King of the Ligurians. He so much lamented the death of Phaethon his Friend, that he was chang'd into a Swan. *Ovid. Metam. l. 2.*

CYLLENE, a Mountain of Arcadia.

CYNTHIUS, a name of Apollo. See

CYNTHIA, a Name of Diana, deriv'd
from a Mountain of that Name in the Island De-
los, upon which Apollo and Diana were born.

CYPARISSUS, a very beautiful young
Boy, whom Apollo passionately lov'd; he kept
a Stag which he kill'd unawares, at which he
was so griev'd, he wifh'd to die. Apollo,
touch'd with Compassion, chang'd him into a
Cyprefs-Tree.

CYPRIS. Venus so call'd from the Island
Cyprus, sacr'd to her.

CYRENE, Mother of Ariftæus.

CYRNUS, Son of Hercules, gave his Name
to the Island Corfica.

CYRRHA, an Island fam'd for the Oracle
of Apollo.

CYTHERA, an Island of Greece, near
which Venus rose from the Froth of the Sea.
The Inhabitants of Cythera worfhipp'd this God-
defs, and dedicated to her a magnificent Tem-
ple, under the Name of Venus Urania.

CYTHERIDES, the Mufes were so call'd
by way of Compliment, to compare them with
the Goddeſs of Cythera.

CYTHERON, a Shepherd of Bæotia, who
advis'd Jupiter to pretend a new Marriage to
reclaim

CE

DÆ

reclaim *Juno*, who had left him. The Strata-
gem succeeded, and *Jupiter*, to requite this
Shepherd, chang'd him into a Mountain which
retain'd the Name of *Cytheron*, and was after-
wards confecrated to *Bacchus*. It is near the City
of *Thebes*.

D.

DACTYLS, Idæans, Corybantes, or Cu-
retes. Some of them were Sons of Minerva
and Sol, the reft of Saturn and Alciope. Jupiter was
committed to their Care to be brought up,
who, by their dancing and fhouting, prevented
the Cries of this Infant from reaching the Ears
of Saturn, who would have inftantly devour'd
him.

DÆDALUS, was so ingenious anddextrous
a Workman, that he made moving Statues.
He put to death a Nephew no lefs expert than
himself, left he fshould furpaſs him. At length
he fled for Refuge into Crete, where he built
a famous Labyrinth, call'd by his own Name;
in which Minos caus'd him and Icarus to be
confin'd, becaufe they had affifted Paſiphæ in
her Lewdneſs; being in this Labyrinth, they
faſten'd to themſelves Wings to make their E-
ſcape. Dædalus ſtrictly charging his Son nei-
ther to foar too high, nor ſink too low; but, be-
ing mounted aloft, this young Man no longer
regarded the Lectures of his Father, but foar'd
till the Sun melted his Wings. He fell into
that part of the Sea, which is ſince call'd Ica-
rian. Dædalus eſcap'd into Sicily, where Coca-
lus

D A

lus caus'd him to be suffocated in a Stove, be-
cause Minos threaten'd to make War upon him,
if he did not restore the Fugitive alive or dead.

DÆDALION, Brother of Ceyx, was
so concern'd for the Death of Chione his
Daughter, that he threw himfelf down from
the Summit of Mount Parnassus; but Apollo
chang'd him into a Faulcon.

DAMASTES. The fame Person as Pro-
cruftes.

DANAE, Daughter of Acrysius, King of
Argos and Euridice. Acrifius, being warn'd that
he should fall by the Hand of one of his Grand-
fons, fhut up Danae his only Daughter in a
brazen Tower, to preferve her from the Know-
ledge of Men. But Jupiter became enamour'd
of this Princes, defcended into the Tower in a
Shower of Gold, and got her with Child. Acri-
fius, feeing himfelf difappointed, expos'd Da-
nae on the Sea. She landed in one of the Cy-
clades, where Polydeftes marry'd her, and
brought up Perfeus, of whom ſhe was big. The
Oracle was afterwards accomplifh'd. See Per-
feus.

DANAIDES. They were fifty Sifters,
Daughters of Danaus, who marry'd their fifty
Cousins, Sons of Ægyptus. Danaus, having
learn'd from the Oracle, that his Race ſhould
dethrone him, commanded his Daughters to
murder their Husbands the firſt Night of their
Nuptials. Hypermeftra fav'd hers call'd Lyn-
ceus, on Condition he attempted not her Vir-
ginity. Jupiter condemn'd theſe cruel Maids
to

DA

to fill a rifted Tub with Water; they are also
call'd *Belides*.

DANAUS, Son of *Belus*, Brother of Æ-
gyptus and King of *Argos* had fifty Daugh-
ters call'd *Danaides*. See the foregoing Ar-
ticle.

DANSES. See Dafyli, Corybantes, Bac-
chantes, Baptæ.

DAPHNE, Daughter of the River Pe-
neus; as she fled the Pur suits of Apollo, who
lov'd her paflionately, she was chang'd into
a Laurel-Tree. This God choſe this Tree to
be conſecrated to himſelf, and form'd thence
a Crown which he wore ever afterwards, and
wherewith thoſe were crown'd who carry'd off
the Prize in the Sciences.

DAPHNIS, a young Shepherd of Sicily,
and Son of Mercury; he paſſionately lov'd a
Nymph, with whom he obtain'd of Heaven,
that which of them firſt violated their Promife
ſhould become blind. Daphnis forgot this Oath,
and inclin'd to another Nymph, wherefore he
was inſtantly depriv'd of his Sight.

DARDANIA. Troy was so call'd from
*Dardanus*, King of the Country.

DARDANUS, Son of *Jupiter* and Ele-
tra, Grand-daughter of *Aftæon*; others ſay of
*Oceanus*. He built the City of *Troy*, which he
call'd *Dardania*.

DART. See Diana, Cupid, Cephalus, A-
draftus, Philometes, Achilles, Aftæon, Orion.

DEIANIRA, Daughter of Œneus, and
Wife of Hercules, who, to enjoy her, fought
againſt the River Achelous. This Hero car-


DE

I


ry'd

D E

ry'd off his new Bride; and, being oblig'd to
pafs the River Evene, the Centaur Neffus offer'd
to carry her over on his Back. Hercules was
pleas'd with the Offer, but the Centaur endea-
vour'd to escape with Deianira. Hercules disco-
ver'd his Deſign, and ſhooting an Arrow, put
an immediate ſtop to his Purpofe. Neſſus, per-
ceiving himſelf to be at the point of Death,
gave his Shirt ſtain'd with his Blood to Dei-
anira; aſſuring her, it would reclaim her Hus-
band, if at any time he ſhould eſtrange him-
ſelf from her, and follow others. This cre-
dulous Woman being inform'd, that Hercules
was become enamour'd of Iola, ſent him the
Ceutaur's Shirt; no sooner had he put it on,
than he perceiv'd himſelf ſurrounded with a
devouring Fire, and caſt himſelf a Sacrifice
into the Flames; nor could Lycas and Philo-
Etetes, his Companions, prevent him. Deianira
kill'd herſelf in Despair.

DEIDAMIA, Daughter of Lycomedes,
by whom Achilles had Pyrrhus, whilſt he lay
conceal'd in the Court of Lycomedes.

DEIONEA. See Ixion.

DEIOPEA, one of the moſt beautiful
Nymphs of Juno's Train, who promis'd her
to Æolus, on Condition he wreck'd Æneas's
Fleet.

DEIPHILE, Daughter of Adraftus, and
Wife of Tydeus, by whom ſhe had Diomede.

DEIPHOBÉ, the Name of the Cumæan
Sybil.

DEIPHOBUS, Son of Priam. He mar-
ry'd Helena after the Death of Paris, but af-
ter

DE

ter the taking of Troy, *Helenus* furrender'd her
to *Menelaus*, to gain his Favour, who put him
cruelly to Death.

DEIPHON, Son of *Triptolemus* and *Meganira*, or, according to others, of *Hyppothoon*. *Ceres* lov'd him so passionately, that to make him immortal, and to purify him from all Humanity, she made him pafs thro' the Flames; but *Meganira*, Mother of this Prince, alarm'd at such a Sight, by her Cries difturb'd the Myftes of this Goddeſs, who immediately mounted her Car, drawn by Dragons, and ſuffer'd *Deiphon* to be burnt, inſtead of catching him away. There is no Reaſon to doubt his being the Son of *Triptolemus*, whom the Poets ſpeak of; there being not one who has vary'd the leaſt Circumſtances of this Fable. See *Ceres*.

DELIA, a Name of *Diana*, borrow'd
from the Inſland of *Delos*, where ſhe was born.

DELIANS, Inhabitants of the Inſland
*Delos*.

DELIA, Feaſts in Honour of *Apollo*, fir-
nam'd *Delus* or *Delius*, from the City *Delos*,
where he was born.

DELOS, a famous Inſle where *Apollo* and
*Diana* were born. This God there gave his
Oracles, and the Inhabitants believ'd he pafs'd
fix Months of the Year at *Patara*; and, upon
the ſuppos'd Time of his Return, they celebra-
ted magniſcent Feaſts to his Honour.

DELPHI, a City of *Phocis*, under Mount *Parnassus*, fam'd for the Oracle of *Apollo*.

DÉMI-Gods. See Gods.

I 2

D.E.

DE DI

DEMOPHILE, or HIEROPHILE.

'Tis believ'd the *Cumæan Sybil* was so call'd.

DERCETE, or *Atergatis*, a Goddeſs, who
repenting her having had a Son by a young
Man, of whom *Venus* had made her enamour'd,
plung'd herſelf into a Pond, and was chang'd
into a Fish.

DESTINY, or *Fate*, born of *Chaos*. He
is repreſented with the Globe of the Earth un-
der his Feet, and an Urn in his Hand, con-
taining the Fortune of Mortals. 'Tis ſaid,
he is inexorable, and that every Man has his
own.

DEUCALION, Son of *Prometheus*, and
Husband of *Pyrrha*. The Gods in an univerſal
Deluge drown'd all the People of his Time,
for their excejſive Wickedneſs. *Deucalion* and
*Pyrrha* for their Juſtice were preſerv'd. After
the Flood, they confulted the Oracle of *The-
mis*, who advis'd them to throw Stones back-
wards over their Heads, which Stones as ſoon
as they were paff'd out of their Hands were
chang'd, thofe of *Deucalion* into Men, and thofe
of *Pyrrha* into Women. *Metam. l. 1.*

DIANA, Goddeſs of hunting, Daughter
of *Jupiter* and *Latona*, and Sifter to *Apollo*;
ſhe was call'd *Hecate* in Hell, *Luna* or *Phæbe*
in Heaven, and *Diana* on Earth. She had
other Names deriv'd from the Places, where
ſhe was peculiarly worſhipp'd. She was eſteem'd
the Goddeſs of Chaſtity. She had ſo much
Modeſty, that ſhe changed *Aetæon* into a Stag,
for having ſurpriz'd her naked in a Bath. She
had after her a Train of Nymphs, all more
beau-

DI

beautiful than each other, whom she oblig'd
to the fame Chaftity as herself. She drove
from her Company *Califto*, who was with Child
by *Jupiter*. 'Tis faid nevertheless, that she
passionately lov'd the Shepherd *Endymion*, and
that she oft left Heaven in the Night to visit
him. Be it as it may, if she was not more prudent
than the other Goddesſes, she had at least
an Appearance of being so. She almost spent
her whole Time in hunting, and inhabited only
the Woods, attended by a Pack of Dogs.
The Satyrs, Fawns, and Dryades, celebrated
Feaſts to her Honour. She was sometimes represented
in a Chariot drawn by Hinds, arm'd
with a Bow and Quiver charg'd with Arrows,
having on her Head a Crefſant. This God-
defs had at *Epheſus* the moſt magnificent Temple
in the World. The Hind was sacred to
her. *Pausan. Nat. Com. Ovid. Met. Plin.*
l. 7.

DIDO, Queen of Tyre; to escape the Fur-
ry of Pygmalion her Brother, who had flain
Sicheſus, she fled into Africa with her Sifter
Anna, where she built the City Carthage. She
fell in love with Æneas, who was wreck'd on
her Coaſts, and was so provok'd, that she could
not oblige him to stay with her, that she caus'd
a Pile to be rais'd on the Shore, and, having
ascended it, she stabb'd herself in the Sight of
Æneas's Ship. Virg. Servius in Æneid.

DII. See Gods.

DIOMEDE, Son of Tydeus, and the moſt
valiant of the Greeks after Achilles and Ajax.
He gain'd immortal Glory at the Siege of Troy.

I 3

Accor-

DI

According to *Homer*, he was one of those that carry'd off the *Palladium* with *Ulysses*. *Venus* chang'd him with his Companions into white Birds.

There was another *Diomede* who fed his Horaces with Man's Flesh, whom *Hercules* put to Death. This Victory is reckon'd amongst his Labours.

DIONE, a Nymph, Daughter of Oceanus and Thetis; she was one of Jupiter's Minstresses.

DIONYSIUS, a Name of Bacchus, derived from the City Nisa, where he was brought up, and had a magnificent Temple.

DIOSCURI. The Antients understood Castor and Pollux by this Name.

DIRCE, Queen of Thebes. *Lycus*, to marry her, divorc'd Antiope, whose Sons, to revenge this Affront, ty'd Dirce to the Tail of a mad Bull.

There was another Dirce, who, daring to compare her Beauty to that of Pallas, was chang'd into a Fish. See Cassiope, &c.

DISCORD, a Goddeſs whom *Jupiter* drove from Heaven, becauſe ſhe was continually fetting the Gods at variance. She was ſo profok'd, at not being invited to the Marriage of *Peleus* and *Thetis*, with the other Gods, that ſhe refolv'd to be reveng'd, by throwing up on the Table an Apple of Gold with this Inſcription, *Let the Faireſt take it. Juno, Pallas, and Venus* disputed the Prize, till Paris, by the Order of *Jupiter*, determin'd it in your of *Venus*, which caus'd a multitude of Calami-

DI

Calamities. She was represented cover'd with
Serpents, with a burning Torch in one Hand,
a Snake and Poignard in the other; a livid
Complexion, goggle Eyes, a foaming Mouth,
and bloody Hands.

DISCUS, a Ring of Iron, with which he
that reach'd the Goal carry'd off the Prize.
This was properly playing at Quoits. See Hy-
acinthus, *Acrifius*. The Discus also represents
the Earts by its Roundnefs. See Cybele, or
Vesta.

DISTAFF. See Parcæ, Omphale, or Her-
cules.

DODONA, a Foreft of Chaonia, sacred
to Jupiter, the Oaks whereof gave Oracles.
In the middle of this Foreft stood a Temple,
built to the Honour of the God of Thunder.

DOGS. See Diana, Aſtæon, Cephalus, A-
donis, Erigone; (with many Heads) see Cer-
berus, Geryon.

DOLPHINS. See Arion, Amphitrite and
Thetis.

DOLOPES, People of Theſaly like the
Myrmidons; they went to the Siege of Troy.

DORIS, Daughter of Oceanus and Thetis.
She marry'd her Brother Nereus, by whom she
had fifty Nymphs call'd Nereides.

DOVES. See Venus.

DRAGON. See Cadmus, Andromeda, Ce-
res, Medea, Deiphon, Hesperides.

DREAMS, Deities which are under the
Power of Sleep. 'Tis faid they have Wings,
and that they are always ready to move on the
least Notice.

DRI-

D R

E C

DRIOPE, a Nymph of Arcadia, and Mirtreſs to Neptune, holding on a Day her Son between her Arms, ſhe pluck'd a Branch of Lothos to divert him: Bacchus, to whom this Tree was ſacred, was ſo provok'd, he chang'd her to a Tree; ſhe had only Time to call her Sifter to take the Infant, which would have been ſhut up with her in the Bark.

DRYADES, Nymphs, Daughters of Neureus and Doris; they prefided over Woods and Forefts, where they abode Day and Night.

DULICHIUM, an Island bordering and depending upon Ithaca.

DYNDIMENE. Cybele was ſo call'd from a Moutain of this Name, where ſhe was particularly worſhipp'd, and where ſhe had a magnificent Temple.

E

ECHINADES, Nymphs who were chang'd into Islands of that Name, for not having invited Achelous to a Sacrifice of ten Bulls, to which they had call'd all the Gods of the Woods and Rivers.

ECHO, Daughter of Aer and Tellus. This Nymph inhabited the Banks of the River Ce-phifus. Juno condemn'd her to repeat only the laſt Word to thole that ask'd a Queſtion, for having ſpoke imprudently of her, and di-verted her by her merry Chat, whilſt Jupiter was with his Miftreffes, that ſhe might not in-terrupt him. Being enamour'd of Narciffus, and ſeeing herſelf deſpis'd, ſhe retir'd into Grots

EE

Grots in the Mountains and Forests, where
she confum'd her Spirits with Grief, and was
chang'd into a Rock.

EETION, Father of Andromache, and
King of Thebes.

ELECTRA, Daughter of Agamemnon
and Clytemneftra. She perfuaded her Brother
Oreftes to revenge the Death of Agamemnon,
whom Ægithus murder'd in concert with Cly-
temneftra, at his Return from Troy.

There was another Electra, Daughter of
Œdipus. And another, Daughter of Oceanus
and Thetis. This laft was Mother of another,
who was Mother of Dardanus.

ELEUSINA. Ceres was so call'd from
Eleufis, a City of Africa, where she had a mag-
nificent Temple, and where her Mysteries were
celebrated more exactly than at any other Place
in the World. A profound Silence was ob-
serv'd in all these Feasts; 'twas a Crime of
the highest Nature, to divulge the least of the
Mysteries, and punish'd with Death.

ELEUSIS, a City of Africa, where Ceres had a magnificent Temple.

ELIS, a Province of Peloponesus.

ELISA. Dido was so call'd.

ELPENOR, one of the Companions of
Ulysses.

ELYSIUM, or the Elysian Plains, a
Place of Delight in Hell, where an everlastin
g Spring reigns, and where the Shades of those
who have bravely liv'd enjoy a lafting and
perfect Happineſs.

ELYTIA. See Leucothoe.

EL

ENCE-

EN

EP

ENCELADUS, the most powerful of the Giants, who attempted to scale Heaven; he was the Son of *Tartarus* and *Terra*. Jupiter whelm'd Mount *Aetna* upon him, where he was half burnt.

One of the fifty Sons of Ægyptus, whom Amymone, one of the Danaides, flew the first Night of their Nuptials, was call'd by this Name.

ENDYMION, a Shepherd of Caria, and Jupiter's Grandson; being furpriz'd carefree Juno, he was condemn'd to sleep thirty Years. Diana became enamour'd of him, and, not daring to see him in the Day, quitted Heaven every Night to visit him, and had by him many Children. See Epimenides.

ENIPEUS. See Enipeus.

ENVY, an allegorical Deity, extremely frightful. She is represented with hollow rowling Eyes, a livid Skin, her Face all furrow'd with Wrinkles, matted with Snakes, carrying three Serpents in one Hand, a Hydra with feven Heads in the other, and a Serpent gnawing her Breast.

EPAPHUS, Son of Jupiter and Io. He had in his Infancy a Quarrel with Phaeton, which caus'd the Deftruction of the latter. 'Tis thought he built the City of Memphis.

EPEUS, an expert Artift in the Instrments of War; he invented the Sword and Buckler, and fram'd the Trojan Horfe.

EPHESUS, a City of Ionia, fam'd for the grand Temple of Minerva.

EPHI.

EP

ER

EPHIALTES and OTUS, Sons of Neptune and Iphimedia. They were Giants who grew every Year a Yard in Thickneſs, and ma- ny Cubits in Height. At fifteen they attempted to fcale Heaven. Theſe two Brothers flew each other by the Addrefs of Diana, who ſet them at variance.

EPIDAURUS, a City of Peloponeſus, fam'd for the Temple of Æſculapius, and the cruel Periphetes, a Giant, who devour'd and sacrifi'd Men. Theſeus flew him, and ſtrew'd his Limbs over the Country.

EPIGONES, a Name given by the Greeks to the Sons of the ſeven Worthies, who beſieg'd Thebes a ſecond Time. See Adraftus.

EPIMENIDES, a Philofopher of Crete: 'Tis faſd, that, having enter'd a Cave, he flept twenty ſeven Years, and, that coming from thence, he knew no one. Some Poets confound him with Endymion. Plin. Plutarc. Val. Max. Diogen.

EPIMETHEUS, Son of Japetus, and Brother to Prometheus, who form'd prudent and ingenious Men; and Epimetheus imprudent ſtupid Ones. He marry'd Pandora, a Statue which Minerva enliven'd, and to which all the Gods contributed ſome good Quality to make her perfect. He had by this Marriage Pyrrha, who marry'd Deucalion, Son of Prometheus.

ERATO, one of the nine Mufes. She preſides over Love-Poetry. She is repreſented under the Form of a ſprightly young Maid, crown'd with Myrrh and Roses, holding a Lyre or Violin in her right Hand, a Bow in the

ER

the Left, with a wing'd Cupid at her Side
with a Bow and Quiver.

EREBUS, Son of *Caos* and *Nox*. He was
chang'd into a River, and plung'd into Hell,
for having affisted the Titans,

ERECTHEUS, King of *Athens*, and
Father of *Cecrops*, *Oritbia*, and feveral other
Daughters, who all, except *Oritbia*, strictly
kept their Virginity.

ERESICTHON, a Nobleman of *Theeffa*-ly; he cut down a Foreft sacrfd to Ceres, and was thereupon feiz'd with so ravenous a Fea-ver, that he devour'd his Eftate, and afterwards proftituted his own Daughter to provide Vi-ctuals; but after all his Efforts he died of Hunger. Ovid. *Metam.*

ERICTHONIUS, Son of *Vulcan*. Af-ter his Birth, *Minerva* flut him up in a Ba-sket, which ſhe committed to the Daughters of *Cecrops*, *Aglaura*, *Herſe* and *Pandroſa*, with a Charge not to open it; but *Aglaura* and *Herſe* could not forbear; and *Minerva*, to punifh their Curioſity, inſpir'd them with Madneſs, that they caſt themſelves headlong from the Summit of the Houſe. *Eriſthonius*, being grown up, found his Feet ſo deform'd, that he could not appear in Publick; and invented a Chariot, by which half his Body was conceal'd.

ERIDANUS, a River of *Italy*, call'd
otherwife Po.

ERIGONE, Daughter of *Icarus*. She
hang'd herself on a Tree, when ſhe heard of the
Death of her Father; of which *Mæra*, the
Bitch of *Icarus*, inform'd her, by going every
Night

ER

ET

Night to bark on the Tomb of his Mafter.

ERINNYS, a common Name to the three infernal Furies, becaufe they pretend that they spar'd and hear'd thofe who made Imprecautions againft them.

ERIPHYLE. See *Alinceon*.

ERYMANTHUS, a famous Mountain and Foreft of Arcadia, where Hercules flew and carry'd on his Shoulders a Boar, which wafted the Country.

EROPE or ÆROPA, Wife of *Atreus*, having yielded to the Desires of *Thyestes*, she had by him two Sons, whom *Atreus* caus'd to be devour'd by *Thyestes* himself at a Banquet. See *Atreus*.

EROS. Cupid was so call'd.

EROSTRATUS, was he, who, to immortalize his Fame, fet the Temple of Diana at Ephesus on Fire, the Night that Alexander was born. The Areopagus publifh'd an Edict, whereby it was forbidden under severe Penalties ever to pronounce the Name Erostratus, and this was what really did eternize his Memory.

ERYCINA, a Sirname of Venus, from the Temple of Venus, which Æneas built to her Honour, upon Mount Eryx in Sicily.

ERYTHRÆ, a City of Ionia, where the Sibyl of this Name was born, call'd other-wife Bagæ. See Sibyl.

ETHALIDES, Son of Mercury; 'tis fa'd, he obtain'd of his Father the Liberty to ask whatever he would, except Immortality; he ask'd the Power of remembring all he had

K done,

ET

EV

done, when his Soul should pafs into other
Bodies. Diogenes Laertius, l. 4. reports, that
Pythagoras to prove his tranfmigration of Souls,
pretended to have been this Æthalides.

ETHEOCLES, King of Thebes, and Brother
of Polynices, the ineſtuous Son of Œdipus and
Jocasta. He ſhar'd the Kingdom with his Bro-
ther Polynices after the Death of Œdipus, who
enacted they ſhould reign by Turns. Etheo-
cles, being mounted on the Throne, would not
reſign ; wherefore Polynices made that War up-
on him, which was call'd the Enterprize of the
ſeven Worthies before Thebes. Thesef Brothers
bore each other ſo mortal a Hatred, that they
ſlew each other in a ſingle Combat.

ETHETA, or Etetus, Wife of Laodiceus.
She obtain'd of the Gods the Power of be-
coming Man, to accompany her Husband in his
Adventures without Fear, and was nam'd Etetus.

EVADNE, Daughter of Mars and Thebe,
Apollo became enamour'd of her, but could ne-
ver prevail. She marry'd Cateneus, and, not
being able to ſurvive him, ſhe caſt herſelf in.
to the Pyle of her Husband, who dy'd by a
Stroke of Thunder at the Siege of Troy.

EVAN, a Name of Bacchus, which signifies
Brave Son. See Evhoe.

EVANDER, King of Italy. He made
an Alliance with Æneas.

EUBÆA, an Inland of Greece.

EUDORA, one of the Hyades.

EVENUS, King of Ætolia, Son of Mars
and Sterope. He was ſo enrag'd at being over-
come in the Race by Idas, who had promis'd
him

EV

him his Daughter Marpetia, if he came off with
Victory, that he plung'd himself into a River,
afterwards call'd Evenus.

EVHOE, or Evan, was the Cry which
the Bacchantes made in finging the Praifes of
Bacchus.

EUMENIDES, call'd otherwife Furies,
Daughters of Orcus, or according to others
of Acheron and the Night. They were three,
to wit, Aleto, Megare and Tisiphone. They
chaftiz'd in Hell, and lafh'd with Serpents
and flaming Torches those who had vilely
liv'd. They are repreſented treſs'd with Ser-
pents, holding Snakes and Torches in their
Hands. Thycid. lib. 1. Plutarc. Pauſan. Hy-
gin. Cartar.

EUPHRATES, one of the greatest
Rivers in Asia.

EUPHROSYNE, one of the three
Graces.

EURYALUS, a Latin Prince. Æneas
was inconſolable at his Lofs. He was flain in a
Combat wherein Turnus engag'd Æneas. He
was an intimate Friend of Nifus. One of the
Gorgons, and a Queen of the Amazons, were
also call'd Euriales.

EUROPA, Daughter of Agenor, King
of Phœnicia, and Sifter of Cadmus. This Prin-
ceſs was so beautiful, they pretend that one
of Juno's Train took a pot of Paint from the
Toilet of this Goddeſs to give her. She was
greatly belov'd by Jupiter, who took the Form
of a Bull to carry her away; pafs'd the Seas
with her on his Back, and convey'd her into

that

EU

other
that
Souls,
other
s and
Bro-
who
Etheo-
d not
c up-
f the
others
they

liceus.
be-
in his
letus.
Thebe.
d ne-
not
ſ in-
b y a
gnifies

made

Mars
over-
mis'd
him

K 2

EU

that Part of the World, to which she gave her
Name. Ovid. Met. l. 2. Herod. Cho. Chron.
Euseb.

EUROTAS, a River on the Banks of
which *Jupiter*, in the Shape of a Swan, enjoy'd
*Leda*; and whither *Apollo* retir'd to chant his
Loves, and the Lofs of *Daphne*.

EURUS, the Eastwind, one of the four
Cardinals.

EURICLEA, a famous Nurfe. Laertes
gave her twenty Oxen; she was Nurfe to
*Ulysses*.

EURIDICE, Wife of *Orpheus*, who, flying the Addreffes of *Aristeus*, was ftung with a Serpent, by the bite of which she dy'd the very Day of their Nuptials. *Orpheus*, disconftolate at her Death, went to Hell to fetch her back, and, by the Sweetneſs of his Voice and Lyre, mov'd the infernal Deities. *Pluto* and *Proserpine* reſtor'd her, on Condition he ſhould not look back before he had left Hell; *Euridice* follow'd him, but this paſſionate Husband, not being able to hinder his turning back his Eyes to obſerve whether she came, she immediately diſappear'd, and was ravifh'd from him for ever. Ovid. Met. l. 10. *Virgil*. G. 4. *Hygin*.

EURYLOCHUS, a Companion of U-
lyffes.

EURYMEDON, Father of Peribeus.

EURYMONE, Daughter of Oceanus and
Thetis.

There was alſo a Daughter of Apollo, who
was ſo call'd, and who was Mother of Adraſtus
and

E U

and *Eriphyles*. Lastly, an infernal Deity who gnaw'd the Dead to the Bones, who was represented black, and sitting on the Skin of a Vulture always grinding her Teeth.

EURYPYLUS, a famous Southfayer.

EURISTHEUS, King of *Mycenæ*, and Son of *Amphitryon* and *Aclmena*. Juno caus'd him to be born before *Hercules*, that, as being his elder Brother, he might have some Authority over him. She incited him to engage *Hercules* to undertake twelve Labours, in which she hop'd to see him perish, to whom *Jupiter* had promis'd so noble a Fate. But *Hercules* hap-pily atchiev'd them all, and *Euristheus* was conftrain'd to be content with the Kingdom of *Argus*, and ceafe his Tyranny.

EURYTUS, Father of Iole, having promis'd his Daughter to him that should gain from him the Prize in Wreftling. *Hercules* offer'd himself and conquer'd; but *Eurytus* refus'd to give her to him: Wherefore *Hercules* kill'd him with a Stroke of his Club, and carry'd off his Prize. Nothing is more frequent in Fable, than such Contests for Women. See *Atalanta*, *Hippomenes*, *Achelous*, *Hyppodamia*.

There was a Centaur of this Name, who, attempting to feize *Hyppodamia*, was flain by Theseus. A Brother of the Titans was alfo call'd Eurytus.

EUTERPE, one of the nine Muses. She invented the Flute, and prefides over Musick. She is usually repreſented under the Form of a young Girl crown'd with Flowers, with a

Note-

K 3

E V

Note-book, a Flute, Hautboys, and other In-
struments of Musick near her. Ovid. Met.
Cartar.

EUTHYMUS, a famous Wreftler, he
fought a long time a Phantom, which seeing
itself conquer'd vanish'd. The Samarians gave
every Year a Maid to this Phantom for Sub-
fistance, that he might no longer flay thole he
met. Plin. l. 7.

F

FABULA, an allegorical Deity, Daugh-
ter of Nox and Somnus. 'Tis faid she
countenanc'd Lies, and fet herfelf continually
to oppofe Hiftory. She is reprefented with a
Mask on her Face, and drefs'd in splendid
Robes.

FAITH, an allegorical Deity, whom the
Poets reprefent clad in White; or under the
Form of two young Maids, giving each other
their Hands; or under the Form of two Hands
folded in each other.

FAME, a poetical Deity, Meffenger of
Jupiter. 'Tis faid she travell'd Night and
Day, that she perch'd on the higheft Places, to
publifh good or bad News; that she could not
be filent. The Poets reprefent her under the
Figure of a young Maid with Wings, be-
fpangled with Eyes, as many Mouths and
Tongues, with her Garments tuck'd up, and
founding a Trumpet.

FAVOUR, an allegorical Deity, Daugh-
ter of Spiritus and Fortune. The Poets repre-
fent

FA

fent her with Wings always ready for Flight,
blind, or blind-folded, in the midft of Riches
Honours and Pleafures, with one Foot upon
the Wheel of Fortune. They fay that Envy
attends cloſely upon her.

FAUNA, or *Fatua*, Daughter of *Picus*, was
rank'd amongſt the Gods, becaufe of her Fideli-
ty to her Husband, who from the Time of his
Death continu'd herſelf in her Appartment, with-
out ſpeaking to any Man during the Remnant
of her Life. The *Roman* Ladies inſtituted
a Feaſt to her Honour, and imitated her in a
ſtrict Retirement during her Solemnities.

FAUNUS, a God of the Country, Son of
*Mercury* and *Nox*, from whom also defcended the
other rural Gods, as Satyrs, Sylvans, Fauns,
and Nymphs. They repreſent the God *Fau-*
*nus* as ſmooth in the upper Part of his Body,
but hairy like a Satyr in the lower.

FAVONIUS, one of the Cardinal Winds,
and the moſt nouriſhing to the Fruits of the
Earth.

FEBRUUS, a Name of *Pluto*, that is, to
*Pestiferous*. Fabulous Antiquity believ'd that
he as much as poffible drew Mortals into Hell,
and that he wifh'd to fee the World utter-
ly unpeopled. The *Romans* likewife worſhipp'd
a Goddeſs of Purification nam'd *Februa*, and
ſacrific'd to her in the Month *February*, for
the Manes of their Friends and Relations.
*Macrob.* l. 1. *Ovid. Faſt.* l. 2.

FERONIA, Goddeſs of Woods and Bru-
fhes. The Fire having one Day catch'd a Wood
where her Temple ſtood, thoſe who attempted
to

FE

FE

to carry off her Statue, perceiv'd the Wood
whereof it was made to resume its Verdure,
and left it. Her Priests march'd upon burning
Coals untouch'd.

FESSONIA, the Goddeſs of weary'd
Travellers.

FEVER, a malicious Deity, whom the Ro-
mans ſacrific'd to, that ſhe might not hurt them,
FIDES. See *Faith*.

FIDIUS, a God who preſides over Treas-
ties. This God was also call'd Sanctus and Se-
mon.

FIRE, a household God, whom the Ro-
mans worſhipp'd. See *Winter*.

FIRE-BRAND. See Meleager and Althæa.

FLAMBEAUS. See Eumenides, Hymen,
Envy; upon a Tower or Mountain, see Ce-
res, Hero.

FLAMINES, Priests of Jupiter, Mars,
Romulus, and several other Gods. They are
call'd Flames, by Abbreviation for Filami-
nes, from Filum, because they bound up their
Hair with a Woollen Band, or cover'd their
Heads with a Cap of Woollen Yarn. They
borrow'd their Sirnames from the Godsto whom
they belong'd. Thus the Prieſt of Jupiter
was call'd Flamen Dialis; that of Mars,
Martialis, and so of the reſt.

FLUTE. See Pan, Euterpe, Mercury,
and Argus.

FLORA, the Goddeſs of Flowers and
Spring, and Wife to Zephyrus. When the
Women celebrated the Floralia, that is, the
Feast of this Goddeſs, they pranc'd Night and
Day

FL

Day to the Sound of a Trumpet, and those
who won the Prize in running were crown'd
with Flowers. This Goddeſs was repreſented
crown'd with Flowers, with Baskets full of
the fame near her.

FLUONIA, a Sirname given to Juno, un-
der which, the Women having a Flux of Blood
invok'd her.

FORGES. See *Vulcan*, or *Cyclops*.

FORGEMEN. See *Cyclops*.

FORNAX, a Goddeſs who preſided over
those Parts where Bakers liv'd.

FORTUNE, a Goddeſs who preſides
over Happineſs and Misery. She is repreſented
bald and blind, always standing with two
Wings at her Feet, one of which is plac'd on
a Wheel which whirls about, the other pois'd
in the Air. She is also call'd Sors.

FRANCION, or *Francus*, a Trojan Prince,
who is thought to be the Son of *Hector*. 'Tis
said, he pafs'd into *France* after the Deftru-
ction of *Troy*, and gave his Name to the Coun-
try.

FROGS. *Latona*, flying the Perſecution
of Juno, pafs'd over the Borders of a Fen,
where ſome Peaſants were digging. She ask'd
them for a little Water to refreſh herſelf, which
they deny'd her; *Latona* obtain'd of Jupiter
to change them into Frogs as a Puniſhment.

FUNERALS, the laſt Duties paid to the
Dead. The Antients rais'd a Pyle, on which
they plac'd the Body, and burn'd it, whose
Aſhes they carefully preſerv'd in an Urn.
This Ceremony was perform'd with more or
lefs.

FU

FU

Jefs Pomp, according to the Distinction and
Wealth of the Persons. Funeral Pyles, see
Dido, Evadne, Hercules.

FURY, an allegorical Deity, represented
under the Form of a Man loaded with Chains,
sitting on a Heap of Armour, like a Madman
who has broke his Chains, and tears his Hair.

FURIES, or Eumenides, infernal Deities,
Daughters of Nox and Acheron; they were
three, namely, Aleto, Megera, and Tisiphone.
Their Abode was in Hell to torment the Wick-
ed; they are arm'd with blazing Torches, and
surrounded with Snakes. When Orestes, having
flain his Mother, was infpir'd with Madneſs,
they appear'd to him cloath'd in white; to
whom, when he was reſtor'd to his Senſes, he
erected a Temple. Virg. Æn. l. 12. Euripid.

FURINA, or Laverna, Goddeſs of Rob-
bers, so nam'd from the Word Fur.

G

GALANTHIS, Servant of Alcmena.
When Alcmena labour'd of Hercules, Juno,
under the Name Lucina, fat at the Door, and
squeez'd together her Knees, to hinder the De-
livery of Alcmena, whom she mortally hated,
for having yielded to Jupiter. Galanthis, per-
ceiving that, so long as this Goddeſs fat in this
Poſture, her Miftrefs could not be deliver'd,
ran to her and told her, her Miftrefs was juſt
deliver'd of a fine Boy. Juno got up in a Rage, and
Alcmena was deliver'd the very Moment. Juno,
having diſcover'd the Cheat, flew upon her, to
devour her, and chang'd her into a Weazel.

GA.

GA

GALATEA, a Nymph of the Sea,
Daughter of Nereus and Doris. She was paſſi-
onately lov'd by Polyphemus, whom ſhe ſhunn'd,
and to whom ſhe preferr'd Acys, whom the
Giant cruſh'd with a Rock.

GALLI, Priests of Cybele. They cele-
brated their Feasts like the Corybantes, and ca-
frated themselves in Memory of Atys, whom
this Gods had paſſionately lov'd.

GALLUS, the fame as Aletryon. See
Aletryon.

GAMES. Floralia, instituted to the Ho-
nour of the Goddeſs Flora. The Victor's Prize
was a Basket full of all forts of the choicest
Flowers.

—ICARIAN. See Icarus.

—NEMÆAN. See Archemorus.

—OLYMPICK, celebrated every four
Years, which Space was call'd an Olympiad,
which ſerv'd as an Epocha to the Greeks, to
date their Annals; the firſt was in the Year 776
before Julius Cæsar. Hercules inſtituted them
to the Honour of Jupiter Olympius. A large
Plain was rail'd in, where they run with Horſes
and Chariots to reach the Goal. They were ce-
lebrated with all poſſible Grandeur, and he who
won the Prize enjoy'd many extraordinary Pri-
vileges.

—PYTHIAN. They were inſtituted by
Apollo, in Memory of his Victory over the
Serpent Python. The Exerciſes were Running,
Wrestling, Throwing the Discus, and Boxing.
At firſt the Victor's Prize was an Oaken Crown,
afterwards one of Laurel, and laſtly one of
Gold.
GAN-

GA

GANGES, a River of India, whose Waters and Sands produc'd Gold and precious Stones in abundance.

GANIMEDE, Son of Tros. He was so beautiful and well shap'd that Jupiter fell in love with him. After the Misfortune which happen'd to Thebe, Jupiter transform'd himself into an Eagle, and carry'd off Ganimede to be Cupbearer in the Place of this Goddeſs.

GARAMANTES. People on the Excalibur of Africa, bordering on the Indian Sea.

GARGARUS, a Mountain of Troas, very fertile in Grain.

GEMINI. See Castor.

GERYON, King of Spain. He had three Bodies inform'd by one Soul, and was slain by Hercules, because he fed his Oxen with Man's Flesh. A Dog with three Heads, and a Dragon with seven, guarded these Oxen, whom Hercules likewise kill'd.

GIANTS, Men of enormous Size, Sons of Titan. They attempted to scale Heaven, to reinstate their Father on the Throne, which Jupiter poſſeſs'd; but Jupiter with his Thunder flew them all, and bury'd them under those Mountains they had rear'd upon one another.

GIBEL, a famous Mountain. 'Tis the fame as Ætna.

GLAUCIS, Daughter of Creon King of Corinth, for whom Jafon abandon'd Medea, who in revenge gave Glaucis, on the Day of her Nuptials, a poyſon'd Robe, with which the new Bride was devour'd. She plung'd herself into a Fountain to quench the Flames, which

GL

GL

which furrounded her, but the poyſon'd the Waters, and perifh'd alſo miſerable.

GLAUCUS, Son of *Hippolochus*, and Father of *Bellerophon*. At the Siege of *Troy* he chang'd his Arms of gold for thofe of Braſs with *Diomede*.

There was another Glaucus who was torn in pieces by his Mares, which Venus had drove mad, becauſe he hinder'd their being cover'd.

There was another, the Son of *Hippolitus*, who was ſtifled in a Tub of Honey, but Æſculapius rais'd him again to Life.

Laſtly, there was another, a Fisſerman, who obſerving one Day, that the Fisſes, he laid on a certain Herb, receiv'd new Force and leap'd into the Sea ; he alſo taſted of it, and immediately leap'd into the Sea, but was chang'd into a *Triton*, and look'd upon as a Sea-God. *Circe*, but in vain, lov'd him. He was engag'd to *Scylla*, whom this Inchantrefs in her Jealouſy, having poyſon'd the Fountain where the two Lovers fought to conceal themſelves, chang'd into a Sea-Monſter.

GLOBE. See *Atlas*, *Urania*, and *Minerva*.

GODS, Beings whom Antiquity addicted to Fable worſhipp'd. *Jupiter* was look'd on as the Maſter and moſt powerful of them all. The other Gods weary of his Tyranny revolted. He defeated, and forc'd them to fly into Egypt, where, to avoid his Rage, they put on various Shapes, as Cats, Rats, Elephants, &c. Animals which the Egyptians afterwards worſhipp'd. *Jupiter* in the Form of a Ram

L

pur-

G O

purſu'd them till they ſurrender'd. The Pa-
gans acknowledg'd ſeveral forts of Gods, name-
ly, Celestial, Terreſtrial, Marine and Infernal.
There were twelve Principals, whom they
term'd greater Gods, as Saturn, Cybele, Ceres,
Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, Diana, Bacchus, Mer-
cury, Venus, Neptune and Pluto. The others
were call'd leſſer Gods, as Momus, Mars, Pal-
las, Themis, Thetis, Æolus, &c. And laſtly,
others which were call'd Demi-Gods. Theſe
were Heroes born of a God and a Mortal,
who, by their great Actions, had after their
Death deſerv'd to be admitted amongſt the
Number of the Gods; ſuch were Hercules, The-
feus, Minos, and a multitude of others till the
Roman Emperors. Theſe were the Objects of
the Pagan Worſhip !

GORDIUS, King of Phrygia, and Son
to a labouring Man. All the Goods he had
were two Teams of Oxen, one for his Cart,
and the other for his Plow. As he was plough-
ing one Day, an Eagle came and perch'd up-
on the Beam, and reſted there till Evening,
Gordius, alarm'd at this Prodigy, confulted the
Soothſayers. A Maid advis'd him to ſacrifice
to Jupiter in quality of King, which he did,
and marry'd this Maid. The Phrygians having
learnt that they ſhould chufe him for their
King, whom they met upon a Cart, they chofe
Gordius, and Midas his Son offer'd the Cart in
return to Jupiter. 'Tis ſaid, the Knot which
ſaſten'd the Beam and Yoke together was ty'd
with ſo much Art, that the two Ends could
not be found. The Empire of Asia was pro-
mis'd

GO

GR

mis'd to him that should loofe it. Alexander
the Great, not being able to unravel it, cut it
with his Sword. This is what was call'd the
Gordian Knot, becaufe this Cart was in Gor-
dium, a City of Phrygia, and Gordius had made
it. Quint. Curt. l. 3. Xenoph.

GORGONS, Daughters of Phorcus, a
Sea-God, and Ceta. They were three, name-
ly, Medusa, Euryale and Stenyo. They dwelt
near the Garden of the Hespirdes, and had
the Power of changing into Stones thofe who
look'd upon them. They had only one Eye,
which ferv'd them by turns. 'Tis faid they
were platted with Snakes, that they had great
Wings, the Tufks of a Boar inftead of Teeth,
and the Fangs of a Lion at their Hands and
Feet. They wafted the Country, and exer-
cis'd their Cruelty upon all Paftengers. Per-
feus flew them three, and cut off Medusa's
Head, with which he afterwards us'd to change
into Stones whom he would. Ovid. l. 6. Nat.
Comes.

GORTYNA, a Province of Crete, fam'd
for good Paftures.

GRACES, otherwife Charites, Daughters
of Jupiter and Venus, others fay of Eurynome.
They were three, viz. Euphrofyne, Thalia, and
Agliaia. Venus had them always at her Train.
They are ufually reprefented with a smiling
Air, their Hands folded in each others, and
all naked. They are likewife made Compani-
ons of the Mufes, and Mercury. Heftod. Theog.
Seneca de Benef. l. 1.

GRAPES. See Bacchus, and Pomona.

L 2

GYM-

G Y

GYMNASTES, the Name of the Super-
intendant of the Games, or Teacher of any
Exercife.

GYMNASIA. All the Games celebrated
in Greece were call'd by this Name, as Run-
ning, Leaping, the Discus, Wreelling; as al-
so the Assemblies of learned Men, and pub-
lick Schools. Lucian. Dialog. de Exer.

H

HÆMON, a young Theban Prince. He
lov'd *Antigone*, Daughter of *Œdipus* and
*focafta*, so passionately, that he flew himself
on the Tomb of his Miftrels.

HÆMUS, Ænus, or Æmus, Son of Bo-
reas and Orythia, and Hufband of Rhodope.
He was chang'd into a Mountain, with his
Wife, for attempting to make himself ho-
nour'd like Jupiter, and his Wife like Juno,
and affuming the Names of theſe Deities.

HALÆSUS, Son of *Agamemnon* and *Bri-
feis*. 'Tis faid ſhe confpir'd againſt *Clytemne-
ſtra*, and was therefore metamorphos'd into a
Mountain; near which *Proserpine* was gather-
ing Flowers, when *Pluto* carry'd her away.

HALICIA, a Sea-Nymph, Daughter of Nereus and Doris.

HAMADRYADES, Nymphs of the
Woods, Daughters of Nereus and Doris, and
whose Deſtiny depended on ſome Trees, with
which they were born and died; more eſpe-
cially with the Oaks. They were grateful to
thoſe who preferv'd them from Death; and
thoſe who caus'd it, by cutting down theſe
Trees

H A

Trees in Oppofition to their Prayers, were
furely punifh'd.

HAMMER. See Vulcan.

HARMONIA, Daughter of Mars and
Venus. She was chang'd into a Serpent, with
Cadmus her Hufband.

HARMONIS, a famous Artift of Troy,
who learn'd the Arts of Minerva herself. It
was he who built the Ships of Paris, in which
this Prince carry'd away Helen.

HAPALICE, the moſt beautiful Maid
of Argos. She was paſſionately belov'd by
Clymenus her Father, who gave her in Marri-
age with much Uneaſineſs; as ſoon as ſhe was
marry'd he ſlew his Son-in-law to have her
again; but ſhe caus'd him to eat his own Son,
after the Example of Progne, &c. See Arcas,
Tereus, Pelops, Atreus.

HARPE. See Terpsichore, Lyre.

HARPOCRATES, the God of Si-
lence. He was reſpented under the Form of
a young Man half naked, holding an Horn in
one Hand, and a Finger on his Mouth.

HARPYES, Monſters, Daughters of
Neptune and Terra. They had the Face of a
Woman, the Body of a Vulture with Wings,
with Claws at their Hands and Feet, and the
Ears of a Bear. The chief were Aello, Ocype-
te, and Celæno. Juno ſent theſe Monſters to
inſect with their Ordure, and carry off, the
Meat from the Table of Phineus, who enter-
tain'd Æneas. Zetes and Calais drove them
away: But Iris, at the Command of Juno,
made them return into Thrace, not willing the

L 3

Bitches

H A

Bitches of *Jupiter* and *Juno* (as they are stilted by *Apollonius*) should be abus'd. *Apoll. Val. Flac. Virg. Æn. l. 3.*

HARUSPICES, or Soothsayers, were Priests, or others, whose Occupation was to foretel what was to happen, the Knowledge of which they pretended to have from the Flying of Birds, or the Intrails of Animals.

HAWK. See Nifus, Tereus. This Bird is sacr'd to Apollo.

HEBE, Daughter of *Jupiter* and *Juno*. *Jupiter* made her his Cup-Bearer. Having one Day the Misfortune to fall in Prefence of the Gods, her Garments flying over her Head discover'd what Modefty would have conceal'd, she dar'd appear no longer; and *Jupiter* put Ganimede in her Place. Hercules marry'd her, to oblige whom she reftor'd Iolas to Youth. She was likewife call'd Juventa. Pausan. Cic. Tuscul. l. 1.

HECALE, an old Woman very poor and vertuous, with whom Theseus lodg'd when he went to war againft the Sarmates. She promis'd to devote herself to *Jupiter*, if he returned victorious; but she died before his Return.

HECATOMBS, Sacrifices of an hundred Victims.

HECTOR, oldeft Son of Priam and Heuuba, and Husband to Andromache, by whom he had Aftyanax. This Prince commanded the Army of the Trojans againft the Greeks; and during the Siege of Troy he did Wonders by his Valour, and became the Terrour of his Enemies. Achilles, after his Dispute with Agamemnon,

HE

memnon, would no more go out to Battle, but
sent his Friend *Patrochus* to fight, who was flain
by *Hector*, which caus'd *Achilles* to take Arms.
*Jupiter* having weigh'd the Fates of these two
Heroes, that of *Achilles* carry'd it, who flew
*Hector*, tho' by the Aid of *Pallas*, and dragg'd
his Body thrice round the Walls of *Troy*, hav-
ing faften'd it by the Feet to his Chariot. *The-
tis* commanded *Achilles* to reftore the Body of
*Hector* to *Priam*, who on his Knees and over-
whelm'd in Tears entreated for it.

HECUBA, Daughter of Dimas King of Thrace, and Wife to Priam. After the Sacking of Troy she fell to the Lot of Ulysses. She was so concern'd to see her Daughter Polixena sacrific'd on the Tomb of Achilles, and to find her Son Polidor flain by the Treachery of Polymnestor, to whom she had committed him, that she tore out her Eyes, and, pouring forth a thoufand Imprecations againſt the Greeks, she was chang'd into a Bitch. Hom. Iliad. Euripid. Virg. Æn. l. 2.

HELENA, a fam'd Beauty, the Cauſe
of infinite Calamities. She was Daughter of
Tyndarus and Leda, and Sifter to Clytemneſtra.
See Leda. She marry'd Menelaus, King of
Sparta, and was carry'd away by Theseus, who
reſtor'd her ſoon after. Paris carry'd her away
to Troy, which caus'd an univerſal Rife all
over Greece againſt the City Troy, which the
Greeks, after a ten Years Siege, ſack'd and le-
vell'd with the Ground. After the Death of
Paris, Helena marry'd Diophobus, whom ſhe
caus'd to be flain by Menelaus, when ſhe had
pri-

HE

privately introduc'd him into the City to re-
gain his Favour. Menelaus carry'd her away
in Triumph to Sparta. As soon as her Huf-
band was dead she retir'd into the Inland Rhodes,
near Polixo, a Relation of hers, who caus'd
her to be hang'd on a Tree, becaufe she had
been the Cauſe of the Lofs of an infinite Num-
ber of Heroes. Ovid. Epift. Iliad. Æneid.

HELENUS, a famous Prophet, Son of Priam and Hecuba. 'Tis said he taught the Greeks a certain Method to surprize the City. He foretold Pyrrhus a dangerous Voyage, and receiv'd of him Chæonia, where he built feve-ral Cities.

HELIADES, Daughter of Sol and Clymene, and Sifters of Phaeton, at whose Death they were so extremely concern'd, that the Gods chang'd them into Poplars, and their Tears into Amber. Their Names were Lampetusa, Lampetia, and Phaetusa.

HELICE, or Caleſto, see Caleſto. There
was one Helice Wife of Ion.

HELICON, a famous Mountain near Parnassus and Pierus. It was the ordinary Abode of the Muses, to whom and Apollo it was consecrated.

HELICONIADES. The Muses, who inhabited Mount Helicon, were so call'd.

HELIOTROPE. See Clytia.

HELLE. See Phrynxus.

HELL, a subterraneous Place, whither the
Shades or Souls of Mortals defcended to be
judg'd by Minos, Æacus, and Rhadamanthus.
Pluto was thereof both King and God. This
Place

HE

Place contain'd *Tartarus*, the Elysian Plains,
and five Rivers, viz. *Styx*, *Cocytus*, *Acheron*,
*Lethe*, and *Phelegethon*. *Tartarus* was the Abode
of the Unhappy, the Elysian Plains of
those who had liv'd well. *Gerberus*, a Dog
with three Heads and three Throats, always
waited at the infernal Gate, to prevent Mor-
tals from coming in, and the *Manes* from go-
ing out. Before the Shades arriv'd at the Court
of *Pluto* or Tribunal of *Minos*, they were ob-
lig'd to pafs the River *Acheron* in a Boat row'd
by *Charon*, to whom they gave a Piece of Mo-
ney for their Paſſage.

HERACLIDES, all the Defendants of
*Hercules* were so cali'd.

HERCULES, Son of *Jupiter* and *Alcmena*, whom *Jupiter* to enjoy put on the Form of her Husband *Amphitryon*, who was at the *Thelebean* War. The jealous *Juno*, to revenge the Treachery of her Husband, attempted to prevent the Accomplishment of the noble Fate which *Jupiter* had promis'd to the Offspring of this Adultery, retarded the Labour of *Alcmena*, and caus'd *Euristheus* to be born before *Hercules*, that by the Right of Birth, he might have some Dominion over him. 'Tis pretended nevertheless, that she was pacify'd at the Requeſt of *Pallas*, and even fed him with her own Milk, whereof some being fpilt, made that Streak in the Heavens call'd the Milky Way. But *Juno* afterwards refus'd to let him enjoy his Deſtiny, and rais'd againſt him his Brother, who enjoyn'd him twelve Labours, wherein ſhe expected to fee him perilſh; but the Hero per-

HE

perform'd them all with great Applause. He
did many more than twelve noble Exploits.
When as yet he was in the Cradle, he fqueez'd
to death two Serpents which Juno ſent againſt
him. In his Youth, he lay with the fifty
Daughters of Theſpis in one Night, who were
all Virgins, by whom he had ſo many Sons.
He ſlew in the Foreſt or Fens of Lerna, a
dreadful Hydra, which had ſeveral Heads, that
 grew as faſt as they were cut off. He took
 in the Race, and ſlew a Hind, which had
 Horns of Gold and Feet of Braſs. He ſtrangled
 in the Foreſt of Nemæa a huge Lion, the Skin
 of which he afterwards wore for a Garment.
 He puniſh'd Diomede, who ſed his Horſes with
 Man's Fleſh. He took on the Mountain Eri-
 manthus in Arcadia, a Boar which he brought
to Euriftheus, who demanded him. He ſlew
 with his Arrows all the monſtrous Birds of the
 Lake Stymphalus. He tam'd a mad Bull, which
 ravag'd Crete. He conquer'd the River Ache-
lous, from whom he tore a Horn, which was
 afterwards call'd the Horn of Abundance.
 He ſtifled the Giant Antæus in his Arms. He
gather'd the golden Apples in the Garden of
 the Hefperides, after he had ſlain the Dragon
 that watch'd them. He reliev'd Atlas, by ſup-
 porting a long Time the Heavens on his Back.
 He ſlew many Monſters, as Geryon, Cacus,
 Albyon, Bergion, Tyrrhenus, and others. He
 conquer'd the Centaurs, and cleans'd the Stable
 of Augias. He ſlew a Sea-Monſter, to which
 Hefione, the Daughter of Laomedon, was expos'd;
 and to puniſh Laomedon, who refus'd him the
 Horſes

HE

Horses he had promised, he overthrew the
Walls of Troy, and gave Hesione to Telamon.
He defeated the Amazons, and gave Hypolita
their Queen to Theseus. He went down into
Hell, claim'd the Dog Cerberus, and brought
back Alcefta, whom he restored to her Husband
Admetus. He flew the Vulture, which devour'd
the Liver of Prometheus, chain'd to Mount
Caucasus. He separated the two Mountains
Calpe and Abyla, and join'd by this Means the
Ocean to the Mediterranean; thinking that to
be the Extremity of the World, he rais'd
there two Pillars, upon which was formerly
found this Inscription, Non plus ultra. After
so many glorious Deeds, he fell so passionately
in love with Omphale, Queen of Lydia, that he
dres'd himself like a Woman to please her,
and submitted to spin. Afterwards he addres'd
Iole, Daughter of Eurytus, which determin'd
Dejanira to send him the Shirt of the Centaur
Neffus; which he had no sooner put on, but he
became all raving mad, and cast himself into
the Flames of a burning Pyle, where, maugre
the Affiftance of Philoctetes, he was confum'd.
This Hero took his Place amongst the Gods,
and marry'd Hebe, Goddeſs of Youth. There
were many Conquerors of this Name, and
these are probably the most considerable A-
ctions of them all, which the Poets have
aſcrib'd only to one, to make a perfect Hero.

HERIBEIA, Wife of Aſtræus, and Mo-
ther of the Stars.

HERMAPHRODITUS, the Son of
Mercury and Venus. The Nymph Salmacis
paffio-

HE

passionately lov'd him a long time; but having
furpriz'd him one day a bathing, she cast her-
felf into the Water, and embrac'd him clofet-
ly; but not being able to move him, she
pray'd the Gods to suffer their Bodies to re-
main for ever united, and make only one.
They were afterwards call'd Androgynæ, that
is, Man and Woman. Ovid. Met. Hygin.

HERMES. Mercury was so call'd, be-
caufe Chains iffuing from his Mouth were
faften'd to his Statue, to signify, that being
God of Eloquence, he chain'd and captivated
the Hearers by the Beauties of his Discourfe.

HERMIONE, Daughter of Menelaus
and Helena. Tho' she was promis'd to Oreste,
she was inclin'd to Pyrrhus, and 'tis thought
that Pyrrhus marry'd her.

There was another Hermione, the Daughter
of Mars and Venus, who marry'd Cadmus, and
was chang'd into a Serpent.

HERO, Prieſtefs of Venus, whom Leander
lov'd so tenderly, that he ſwam the Helleſpont
to fee her every Night. She lighted at the
Top of a Tower a Torch to direct him, but
Leander at length was drown'd, and Hero
threw herſelf in Despair into the Sea. Ovid.
Epift.

HEROPHYLE. See Bagoë.

HERSE. See Aglaura.

HERSILIA, Daughter of Tatius King
of the Sabins. She was carry'd away by Ro-
mulus in the Rape of the Sabine Virgins. Her
Father having declar'd War againſt Romulus,
she reconcile'd the two Princes, and marry'd
Romu-

HE

H

Romulus, who being taken up to Heaven, she believ'd he was dead, whereat she was so af-flicted, that Juno to comfort her took her up to Heaven also, where she found her Husband. The Romans rais'd Altars to them under the Name of Romulus and Ora.

HESIONE, Daughter of Laomedon. See Laomedon.

HESPER, or Hesperus, Son of Fapetus, and Brother to Atlas, was chang'd into a Star. He had three Daughter call'd Hespë-rides.

HESPERIDES, Daughters of Hespër, three Sifters, whose Names were Ægle, Arethu-ſa, and Hesperethuſa. They had a beautiful Gar-den ſtor'd with golden Apples, guarded by a Dragon, which Hercules flew, that he might carry off the Treasure. Virg. Æn. l. 4. Ovid. Met.

HESPERIA. The Antients call'd Italy and Spain by this Name, from Hesperus, who, being expell'd by his Brother Atlas, retir'd into these Parts.

HIEROPHYLE. See Demophile.

HIPPOCRENE, a Fountain which runs at the Foot of Mount Helicon, and encircles Parnassus. No sooner had Perseus cut off Medusa's Head, but from the Blood that spouted thence rose the Horse Pegasus, which with a Stroke of his Foot open'd this Fountain. It was afterwards consecrated to Apollo and the Mufes.

HIPPOCAMPI, were the Sea-Horses of Neptune; as the Word denotes.

M

HIP-

H I

HIPPODAMIA, Daughter of Œnomaus. Her Father was enamour'd of her Beauty, and would not give her to any but to him who won her in the Race, being affur'd none excell'd her in this Exercife. He flew all thofe who were vanquifh'd to the Number of thirteen Princes. The more easily to vanquifh them, he plac'd Hippodamia in the Chariot, so as to be seen, that her Beauty might prevent their being intent upon their Horſes in the Courſe; but Pelops enter'd the Lifts, overcame and marry'd her. Œnomaus kill'd himſelf for Grief. See Hippomenes. Ovid. Metam. l. 12.

There was another Hippodamia, Daughter of Brifeis, and Miftrels of Achilles.

There was also another more famous than the firſt, whom Pirithous marry'd. The Centaurs and Lapithæ, whom he had invited to his Nuptials, attempted to have carry'd her away, but Hercules defeated them. Metam. l. 12.

HIPPOLITUS, Son of Theseus and Antiope or Hippolita, Queen of the Amazons, whom Hercules gave to Theseus, after he had defeated those Female Warriours. This young Prince was much addicted to Hunting, preferring that Pleasure to the Company of Women. Phædra his Step-mother became enamour'd of him, and was so base to accufe him to his Father of having attempted her Honour, because he had refus'd to answer her Paffion; and, to give her Accufation an Air of Truth, he shew'd him the Sword he had snatch'd from this young Prince, to stab herself for Grief, if her Nurfe had not prevented her. Theseus abandon'd his Son

H I

Son to the Rage of *Neptune*, and as *Hippolitus*
was going to embark, a Monster started sud-
denly from the Shoar, and frighted his HorSES,
so that they ran away; the Chariot was flat-
ter'd, and this Prince was dragg'd through the
Rocks, where he unhappily died. Æsculapius,
at the Requeſt of Diana, reſtor'd him to Life,
and this Goddeſs chang'd him into a Star. A-
caſtus and Bellerophon were accus'd in like man-
ner. Hygin. Ovid. Met. Pausan. Euripid.

HIPPOMENES or Melanion, a Græcian
Prince so chafte, that he retir'd into the Woods
and Mountains that he might not see Women;
but, meeting one Day *Atalanta* a hunting, he
became so violently in love, that he follow'd
her, and join'd himſelf to the Number of thofe
who ſoſought this Princeſs in Marriage. Her
Father would not give her to any but he who
evercame her in running. *Hippomenes* boldly
enter'd the Lifts, and by the Means of ſome
Golden Apples, which *Venus* had given him,
and which he bowl'd into the Plain to amufe
*Atalanta*, he conquer'd and marry'd her ; his
Paſſion for her was so violent, that he would
one Day careſs her in the Temple of *Cybele* ;
but this Goddeſs chang'd him into a Lion, and
her into a Lioneſs. This Fable so much re-
fembles that of *Hippodamia*, that many Au-
thors take them for the fame. Ovid. *Metam.*
l. 10. f. 11.

HIPPONE, or Epone, a Goddeſs whom
the Antients eſteem'd to have a particular Care
over Horſes.

HIRIUS, or HIRIEUS. See Orion.

M 2

HIS-

H I

HISTORIA, an allegorical Deity, Daugh-
ter of Saturn and Aſtræa. She prefides over
all Events, and is entruſted to write them. She
is drawn with a majeſtick Air, and richly drefs'd,
holding a Pen or Pencil in one Hand, and a
Book in the other.

HOLOCAUST. See Hoftia.

HORN of Plenty. See Amalthæa, and A-
chelous. See Sleep, Pan, Satyrs.

HARPOCRATES, Riches.

HORSES, see Troy; wing'd, see Pega-
fus, Bellerophon, Persæus; Halfmen, Chiron,
Centaurs; of the Sun, Pyroeis, Æous, Æthon,
and Phlegon, see Apollo, Phaethon. Thofe
of Pluto were black, he had three, viz. Abafter,
Metheus and Nonius, see Proserpine and Pluto.

HOSTIA. This was what the Antients
offer'd to their Gods in their Sacrifices, as
Hinds, Oxen, Rams, and fometimes Men. The
High Priett open'd them, and then predicted
what was to happen according to the Motion
of their Entrails.

HOURS, Goddeſſes, Daughters of Jupi-
ter and Themis; they were three, and are ufu-
ally reſp refented with Juitice, ſupporting Dials
and Hour-glaſſes Their Names were Euno-
mia, Dice and Irene. Hygin. Pauſan.

HYACINTHUS, Son of Pierus and
Clio. Apollo and Zephyrus lov'd him tenderly.
Zephyrus was one Day ſo enrag'd to ſee him
play at Quoits with Apollo, that he waſted the
Quoit on the Head of Hyacinthus, and kill'd
him. Apollo chang'd him into a Flower, call'd
Hvacinth.

H Y

HYA-

H Y

HYADES, Nymphs of Morasses, Fountains, and Marshes; they were seven, all Daughters of Atlas, and Sifters of Hyas. 'Tis said, they bore a Part in the Education of Baccbus, and were plac'd in the Number of the Stars by Jupiter. Their Names were Ambrosia, Pedille, Coronis, Polixo, Eudora, Phileto, and Thyaneas.

HYALE, a Nymph, one of the Companions of Diana.

HYAS. See Æthra.

HYBLÆA, a Mountain in Sicily, abound-
ing with Honey, and ftor'd with Bees.

HYDRA, a Serpent of the Lernæan Fens,
which had seven Heads, that grew as faft as they
were cut off. Hercules flew this Monster, which
was the moft noble and difficult of his Labours.
Virg. Ecl.

HYLAS, a young Man of singular Beauty, whom Hercules passionately lov'd. When he went to Colchos with the Argonauts, the Nymphs carry'd him away near a Fountain, where he went to fetch Water. Virgil lays, his Companions made the Shoars re-eccho to their Cries, and were inconsolable at the Lofs.

HYLLUS, Son of Hercules and Deianira.
After the Death of his Father, he marry'd Iole; but Euriftheus expell'd him with the reft of the Heraclides. He eſcap'd to Athens, where he built a Temple to Mercury, in which, the Athenians enacted, that Criminals ſhould find a certain Refuge.

HYMEN or HYMENÆUS, the God
who prefided over Marriage; he was Son of

M 3

Bac-

H Y

chus and Venus. He is represented in the Form of a fangine young Man, with a Torch in his Hand, and crown'd with Ropes.

HYPERBOREANS, People inhabiting the most Northern Part of the World.

HYPERION, a Giant, Son of Titan.

HYPERMNESTRA, one of the fifty Daughters of Danaus, by whose Command, they murther'd all their Husbands the first Night of their Nuptials. She sparsd hers, nam'd Lynceus, on Condition he attempted not her Virginity.

HYPORCHEMATICKS, Songs of a particular Metre proper for Warriours, and much esteem'd by Pallas.

HYPPOTHOON, a River of Sicily. He was much beloved by Venus Melanira, which Goddefs chang'd him into a River, because he had abandon'd her.

HYPSIPILE, Queen of the Inland Lemnos. The Women of this Isle having murther'd their Husbands, because they were flighted by them, Venus render'd them so intractable, that none dar'd to approach them, and they chose Hypsipile for their Queen.

HYREUS, HYRCUS, HYRICUS. See Orion.

HYRIA, a Nymph of Arcadia. She so much lamented the Lofs of her Father, who threw himself headlong from the Top of a Rock, for not being able to obtain a young Bull from one of his Acquaintance, that she diffolv'd in Tears, and was chang'd into a Lake that bears her Name.

HY

H Y

J A

HYRUNDO. See Aglaura, Progne.

I

JACCUS. See *Bacchus*, a Name of that God.

JANUS, King of Italy, Son of Apollo, and a Nymph call'd Creüſa. He receiv'd Saturn into his Dominions, who gave the Name of Latium to this Country, from his being con-ceal'd there, whilſt Jupiter purſu'd him. Faus, for the favourable Reception he gave to this abdicated God, was rewarded by him with an uncommon Wizdom, with the Knowledge of Things paſt and future: 'Tis therefore he is reſpented with two or four Faces, with a Key in his Hand, and a Wand, or Staff; a Key, becauſe 'tis thought he invented Locks; a Staff, becauſe he kindly entertain'd Travelers, and pripſed over the Roads. He learnt Agriculture from Saturn, and the Method of civilizing his People, who were truly happy under his Reign. The Romans built him a Temple, the Gates of which were ſhut in Peace, and open'd in the Time of War. Maccrob. Caſaub. in Suet. Ammian. Marcell. Voff. de Theol. Vet. Dupin. Hift. Prof.

JANTHE. See *Iphis*.

JAPETUS, the Son of Cælus and Terra, Father of Epimetheus and Prometheus, of Atlas and Hesper, the Fathers of all Mankind according to the Fable.

JARBAS, King of Mauritania. Dido, for the Cruelty of his Difpofition, refus'd to marry him.

JA-

J A

JASION, Son of *Jupiter* and *Electra*. He was greatly beloved by *Ceres*, by whom she had *Plutus*, God of Riches.

JASIUS, a Trojan Prince, and Brother of Dardamus.

JASON, Son of Æson and Alcimeda. Æson dying, committed him to the Care of Pelias, who gave him to Chiron the Centaur. This Prince being grown up, so wrought upon the Affections of the People, that he study'd every Way to destroy him, that he might secure the Kingdom to himself. He perfuaded Jason to undertake the Conquest of the golden Fleece, hoping he would never return. The Rumour of this Expedition being spread abroad, the Princes of Greece would share the Glory and Hazards; and departed under his Colours for Colchos, where this Fleece was suspended on a Tree, and guarded by a monstrous Dragon. They were call'd Argonautes, from their Ship Argo. As soon as Jason landed in Colchis, he became enamour'd of Medea, the fam'd Inchantress, who gave him a certain Plant to lull the Dragon to sleep, which succeeded; for he flew the Dragon, carry'd off the Fleece and Medea; but, being arriv'd at his Uncle's, he abandon'd her. Medea in Revenge advis'd the Daughters of Pelias to kill their Father, and boil him in a brazen Pot, making them believe he would become young. She afterwards with her own Hands murther'd the Children which she had had by Jason, and serv'd them in Pieces to him at a Banquet. When she had poifon'd all the Royal Family except Jason, whom

J A

whom she suffer'd to live for succeeding Troubles, and Vexation which prey'd upon him, she eſcap'd thro' the Air in a Chariot drawn by wing'd Dragons. In the mean time Jafon took Poſſession of Colchos, where he peaceably reign'd the reſt of his Life. Pauſan. Senec. Ovid. Met. Virgil. Bucol. Ruæus in Virgil.

JAVELIN. See Dart and Arrow.

ICARUS, Son of Dædalus, Descendant of Erietheus. See Dædalus.

There was another Icarus, a Shepherd of Lyria, who was slain by the Peaſants, and caſt into a Pit; Bacchus having made him drunk, they thought he was poſſon'd; immediately the Wives of theſe Peaſants were tranſported with Madneſs, which continu'd till the Oracle order'd Peaſts in Honour of Icarus, call'd thence the Icarian Games. Theſe Games conſiſted in balancing themſelves on a Rope faſten'd to two Trees, wherein the young Men exercis'd themſelves very frequently. Mæra his Bitch diſcover'd the Place of his Tomb to Erigone, who, being inform'd of her Father's Death, hang'd herſelf for Grief. But Jupiter chang'd Icarus into a Star, Erigone into a Bitch, and tranſlated her into Heaven. 'Tis this Conſtellation which is called the Dog-Star, into which when the Sun enters, it is extremely hot for forty Days. Hygin.

IDA, a Mountain fam'd for the Judgment of Paris; it stands in Phrygia, not far from Troy.

There is another Mountain of this Name in the Inſland Candia, upon which Jupiter was brought.

I D

I D

I N

brought up by the Daëtyls, and where there
was a Temple dedicated to Cybele.

IDAS, Son of *Neptune*. See *Evenus*.

IDÆANA, a Name given to Cybele, be-
cause she had a Temple upon Mount Ida.

IDOMENEUS, King of Crete, one of the Lovers of Helen, was at the Siege of Troy, and being catch'd in a Tempeſt as he return'd home, made a Vow, to ſacrifice, if he eſcap'd, the first Person he ſhould meet. This Prince had ſoon Cauſe to repent his Raſhneſs; for no ſooner had he landed, but he met his Son, and ſacrific'd him, which caus'd ſuch a Peſtige, that his Subjeſts inrag'd expell'd him. He paſs'd into Calabria, founded a new Empire, and made his People happy. Homer. Hygin. Telem.

ILIA, SYLVIA, Mother of Romulus.

ILION, the City of Troy was so call'd,
from Ilus, Son of Tros, and King of this
Country.

ILUS, King of Troy, and Son of Tros
and Callirrhoe, Daughter of the River Scaman-
der. He gave the Name of Ilion to Troy.

INACHUS, King of Caria, and Father
of Io, whom Jupiter so paſſionately lov'd.

INDIGITES, a Name given to illuſtri-
ous Men, who after their Death were honour'd
like Gods. They were so call'd, as having
all Perfections but Divinity.

INO, Daughter to Cadmus and Hermione,
was the third Wife of Athamas, who, imagining
her to be a Lioneſs, flew Learcus and Meli-
certus, her two Children, whom he thought to
be

IN

be Lions Whelps: Ino for Grief threw herself into the Sea, but Neptune chang'd her into a Nymph. Some think Melicertus efcap'd.

JO

INSTRUMENTS, of Mufick, see Musices, Apollo, Orpheus, and Amphion; for Arts, see Minerva.

IO, Daughter of Inachus and Ismena. Jupiter lov'd her so passionately, that he chang'd her into a Cow, to enjoy her in spite of Juno; but the jealous Queen demanded her, and gave her to Argus to be kept. Mercury, with the Mufick of his Pipe, lull'd this Argus to sleep, and flew him at the Command of Jupiter. Juno sent a Gad-bee, which continually stung her, and forc'd her to wander over the World. 'Tis said, that pafling by her Father, with her Foot she wrote her Name on the Sand, and made herself known; but in the Moment that Inachus went to seize her, the Gad-bee stung her to the Quick; so that she cast herself into the Sea, fwum over the Mediterranean, and arriv'd in Egypt, where Jupiter reftor'd her to her former Shape, and had by her Epaphus. The Egyptians built Temples to this Princefs, and sacrifi'd to her under the Name of Ibis.

JOBATES, King of Lycia. See Bellerophon.

IOLAS, Nephew of Hercules. 'Tis faid, he fear'd the Heads of Hydra as Hercules cut them off. Hebe, to reward his Service, reftor'd him to Youth when he was decrepit, which she did

J O

did at the Requeſt of Hercules, whom ſhe
marry'd in Heaven.

IOLCHOS, the Capital of Theſaly, fam'd
for the Birth of Jafon, where the Grecian
Princes affembled to fetch the golden Fleece.

IOLE, Daughter of Eyrytus. Hercules
became enamour'd of her, which determin'd
Deianira to ſend to this Hero the fatal Shirt of
the Centaur Neſſus. See Eyrytus.

ION, Son of Xeutus, and King of Theſaly.
give Name to Ionia. He marry'd Hellice, by
whom he had many Children.

IPHIANASSA, Daughter of Prætus.
She was chang'd into a Cow with her Sifters,
for preferring her Father's Palace to the Tem-
ple of Juno. Metam. l. 15.

IPHIGENIA, Daughter of Agamemnon
and Clytemneſtra. She was pointed out by
Calchas, as a Victim to be sacrifi'd in Aulis,
to obtain a favourable Wind, which the Greeks
waited for to carry them to Troy. Agamemnon de-
liver'd her to the high Priest, but in the Moment
ſhe was to be sacrifi'd, Diana took her away,
and ſubſtituted a Hind in her Place. Iphige-
nia was transported into Tauris, and made
Priests to her Benefactrefs. When Oreſtes
her Brother went thither to purge away the
Guilt of his Parricide, ſhe discover'd him in
the Moment ſhe was going to sacrifice him, and
deliver'd both him and Pylades, who would
have dy'd for him. They all three fled, kill'd
Theas King of the Country, and carry'd off
the Statue of Diana. Euripid. Ovid. Met.
l. 12. Hygin.

IPHI-

I P

IPHIMEDIA, Wife of Alous. She was ravished by Neptune, by whom she had two sons, call'd Aloides.

IPHIS, Daughter of Lygdus and Telethusa. Lygdus, being oblig'd to make a Voyage, left Telethusa big of Iphis, with a Command to expel the Child if it was a Daughter. As soon as Telethusa was brought to Bed, she dres'd Iphis like a Boy. Lygdus at his Return, caus'd his pretended Son to be brought up, and resolved to marry her to a Maid, call'd Fanthe. Telethusa in the midft of her Confusion, invok'd the Affiftance of Ifis, who chang'd Iphis into a Youth.

Alfo a Prince of Cyprus, who hang'd himfelf for Grief, not being able to gain the Affection of Anaxaretta. Alfo one of the Argonauts. Val. Hac. Ovid. Met. l. 14.

IRUS, a Beggar of Ithaca, one of Penelope's Lovers. Ulyffes kill'd him with a Blow of his Fift.

IRIS, Miftres of the Harpies, and Meffenger of Juno, who transform'd her into a Bow, and plac'd her in Heaven in Return to her good Services. This is what we call the Rainbow. Juno lov'd her very much becaufe she never told ill News.

Alfo one of the Daughters of Mineus. See Mineides.

ISIS, the Name of Io. Vid. Io.

ISMARUS, a famous Mountain in Thrace.

ITHACA, a Kingdom and Ifle of Greece. It was the moft fertile of all Europe. Ulyffes reign'd there a long Time.

N

I T

ITYS,

I T

ITYS, or Itylus, Son of Tereus. Procne
his Mother ferv'd him up by Pieces at a Ban-
quet. See Philomela.

JULUS, the fame as Aſcanius. See Aſca-
nius.

JUNO, Goddeſs of Kingdoms, Queen of
the Gods, Wife of Jupiter, and Daughter of
Saturn and Rhea. Jupiter her Brother was ſo
violently enamour'd of her, that he chang'd
himſelf into a Cuckow to enjoy her; but ſhe
discover'd him, and would not hear him, but
on Condition he marry'd her. As ſoon as they
were marry'd, ſhe became ſo jealous, that ſhe
continually watch'd him, never ceas'd to per-
ſecute his Miftreffes, and even the Children
which they had by him. She rais'd infinite
Difficulties for Hercules, and many others;
but ſeeing Jupiter did not regard her, ſhe re-
tir'd to Samos, where ſhe dwelt a long time.
Jupiter, to oblige her to return, caus'd a
wooden Image ſplendidly dreſt, to be carry'd
on a Chariot, and caus'd it to be proclaim'd
thro' the Streets, that it was Platea, Daughter
of Afopus, whom he was about to marry.
Juno, having heard this, flew forth in a Rage,
and broke the Image to Pieces. But, under-
standing the Policy of Jupiter, ſhe paſs'd it
off with a Laugh, and was reconcile'd to him.
After the Defeat of the Gods, with whom ſhe
was leagued, Jupiter hang'd her up in the
Air by means of two magnetick Pullies, in-
vented by Vulcan, to revenge her bringing
him forth all deform'd. He faſten'd to her
Feet two Anvils, and ty'd her Hands behind
her

J U

J U

her with a Chain of Gold. The Gods could
not loofe her, and intreated *Vulcan* to do it,
promifing him in Return to give him *Venus* in
Marriage. *Juno* was infupportably proud, she
would never forgive *Paris*, for giving the Gol-
den Apple from her upon Mount *Ida*, when
she disputed with *Venus* and *Pallas* for Beauty.
She proclaim'd herfelf an inveterate Enemy to
the *Trojans*, and purfued her Revenge even to
Æneas. This Prince, having fet fail to fix in
Italy, she went to Æolus, and promis'd him
Deiopœa, the moft beautiful of her Nymphs,
if he would deftroy both him and his Fleet :
But *Venus* protected him. The Queen of the
Gods, always intent upon the Motions of Ju-
piter, committed the Cow Io, whereof he was
enamour'd to the Care of Argus, whom Mer-
cury lull'd to sleep and flew. But she chang'd
her Servant into a Peacock, and took this Bird
under her Protection. Understanding that Ju-
piter had brought forth *Pallas* without her, she
leaping from his Brain, in revenge of herfelf
she brought forth *Mars*. She prefided over
Marriages and Births. She had feveral Names
according to the Reafons for which they facri-
fic'd to her. The Poets reprefent her on a
Chariot drawn with Peacocks, with one of
thefe Birds near her. *Pausan.* *Iliad.* Æneid.
*Ovid. Natal.* *Com. Hygin.*

JUPITER, Son of Saturn and Rhea. As
foon as Rhea was deliver'd, Saturn devour'd
all the Male Children she brought forth. Titan
had granted him his Birthright on this Condi-
tion, hoping that by this Means he or his Chil-

N 2

dren

J U

dren might in Time fucceed. *Jupiter* being
born with *Juno*, *Rhea* endeavour'd to fave him
from the Cruelty of *Saturn*, which ſhe did by
prefenting to him *Juno*, and inſtead of *Jupiter*
a Stone wrapp'd up in Swaddling Cloaths,
which he immediately devour'd. She com-
mitted *Jupiter* to the Curetes to be brought
up, who, by a Dance to certain Numbers call'd
Da&tyls, prevented the Cries of the Infant
from reaching his Father's Ears. They car-
ry'd him into *Crete*, where he was fuckled by
the Goat *Amalthea*; when he was grown up
he was inform'd of his Birth, and he ſignify'd
to *Saturn*, that he ought to receive him as his
Heir. *Titan*, ignorant of the Cheat, look'd
on *Saturn* as a Traytor, drove him from Hea-
ven, and made him a Prifoner. *Jupiter* then
began to give Proofs of his Power; he en-
counter'd *Titan*, deliver'd his Father, and rein-
ſtated him on the Throne. But *Saturn* hav-
ing learnt from *Destiny*, that *Jupiter* was born
to command the Univerſe, the ungrateful Fa-
ther ſtudy'd Means to deſtroy his Son, who
took up Arms againſt him, expell'd him Hea-
ven, and oblig'd him to ſeek Shelter in *Italy*.
*Jupiter* ſeiz'd the Throne of his Father, and
in a ſhort Time ſaw himſelf Monarch of Hea-
ven and Earth. He then marry'd his Sifter
*Juno*, and divided the Dominions of his Fa-
ther with his Brethren. He referv'd the Hea-
vens to himſelf, gave the Empire of the Wa-
ters to *Neptune*, and that of *Hell* to *Pluto*;
who with *Juno*, *Pallas*, and the reſt of the
Gods, attempted to dethrone him; but he de-
feated

J U

feated them, oblig'd them to fly into *Egypt*,
where they took different Forms; he purfu'd
them in the Form of a Ram, and at laft made
Peace with them, thinking himfelf secure.
The Giants attempted to recover their Rights,
rear'd feveral Mountains on one another to
fcale Heaven, and drive him out. *Jupiter*,
who had already made himfelf Mafter of the
Thunder, ftruck them therewith and cruſh'd
them under the fame Mountains. After this
fignal Viſtory, he thought of nothing, but
abandon'd himſelf to his Amours; and had an
infinite Number of Miſtreſſes. To enjoy them,
he chang'd himſelf into as many Shapes, ſome
times into a Satyr, for *Antiope*; thence into
a Golden Shower, to enjoy *Danae* ſhut up in
a brazen Tower. Not being able to compaſs
*Europa*, Daughter of *Agenor*, in a human Shape,
he chang'd himſelf into a Bull, and, with this
Princeſs on his Back, he fled, ſwam over the
Seas, and carry'd her away. Being enamour'd
of *Leda*, Daughter of *Tyndarus*, he enjoy'd
her in the Shape of a Swan, by whom ſhe had
two Eggs, whence proceeded *Caſlor* and *Pol*-  
*lux*, *Helena* and *Clytemneſtra*. He alſo put on  
the Form of *Diana*, to enjoy *Califtho*. Laſtly,
he chang'd himſelf into an Eagle, to take up  
*Ganymede*, Son of *Tros*, and bore him to Hea-  
ven, where he made him Cup-bearer in the  
Room of *Hebe*. See the God whom the Hea-  
thens worſhipp'd and honour'd above the reſt!  
they look'd upon him as the abſolute Maſter  
of every thing, and always reſrefented him  
with Thunder in his Hand, carry'd on an Ea-

N 3

gle

J U

I H

gle, a Bird he very much lov'd, and which
he took under his Protection. The Oak was
facred to him, becaufe, after the Example of
Saturn, he taught Men to feed on Acorns.
He had magnificent Temples over the whole
World, and Names given him from the Places
of his Altars. The *Egyptians* nam'd him *Ju-
piter Ammon*, and worfhipp'd him under the
Figure of a Ram; but his chief Surname was
*Olympius*, becaufe 'tis faid, he kept his Court
on the Summit of Mount *Olympus*. All the
Authors of Antiquity speak of *Jupiter*, and
have wrote so many wonderful Things relating
to him, it feems to be him whom they chiefly
endeavour'd to magnify. *Homer*. *Cicero de
Nat. Deorum. Hygin. Pausan. Ovid. Euseb.
Apollod. Vel. Pat. Panth*.

JUSTICE, otherwife Themis, an allegori-
cal Deity, Daughter of Jupiter and Aftræa.
She retir'd with her Mother into Heaven, when
the brazen Age came on. She is reprefented
under the Form of a young Maid, holding
in one Hand a Balance equally pois'd, and in
the other a drawn Sword; 'tis faid likewife she
fits on a square Stone ready to preſcribe Pu-
nishments for Vice, and Rewards for Vertue.

JUTURNA, a Nymph of Latium. Jupiter chang'd her into a Fountain in which Juno, bathing every Year, recover'd her Virginity.

JUVENTA. See Hebe.

IXION, King of the Lapithæ. He re-
fus'd Deioneus the Preſents which he had pro
mis'd him to marry his Daughter, which oblig'd
him

KE

him to carry away his HorSES. Ixion, difſembling
his Refentment, decoy'd Deioneus to him, and
by a Trap made him fall into a burning Fure-
nace. He was touch'd with ſuch Remorſe for
his Treachery, that Jupiter to conſole him ſet
him at his Table. He then became enamour'd
of Juno, and attempted to ſeduce her; but this
Goddeſs inform'd her Husband, who willing
to try Ixion, form'd a Cloud in the Similitude of
Juno, and expos'd it to View in a ſecret Apart-
ment, where Ixion found it, and he fail'd not
to purſue the Directions of his Paſſion. Jupiter,
too well convinc'd of his Deſign, ſtruck the
raſh Prince with his Thunder and caſt him into
Hell, where he chain'd him with Serpents
to a Wheel that continually whirl'd round.
Ovid. Met. Hygin. Nat. Com.

K

KEYS. See *Funus*, *Cybele*, and *Pluto*.
KNOT-GORDIAN. See *Gordius*.

L

LABDACUS, Son of Phænix, and Father
of Laius King of Thebes.

LABYRINTH, an Encloſure fill'd with
wooden Battlements, rang'd in ſuch order that
a Perſon being once entred could not trace his
Way out. There were two fam'd ones, that of
Crete built by Dædalus, in which he was himſelf
emprifon'd, and that of Egypt, which 'tis thought
ferv'd as a Model for the other.

LACE-

LA

LACEDŒMON, a Kingdom and City
of Greece.

LAERTES, King of Ithaca. He died
a little after the Arrival of his Son Ulysses, who
went to the Siege of Troy.

LAIS, a famous Courtizan. She went to
*Corinth* and fet up a Brothel, where she profit-
tuted herself to him that gave her the moft
Money, whence came the proverb, *it is not
every one can go to Corinth*. *Demofthenes* being
enamour'd of her paſs'd a Night with her, but
in the Morning refus'd to pay her the ten
Drachms he had promis'd her, faying, he would
not buy Repentance ſo dear. The Women
jealous of her Beauty murther'd her. *Plutarch*.
*Vit. Alcibid. Bayle's Crit. Diēt.*

LAIUS, Son of Labdacus, King of Thebes,
having confulted the Oracle concerning his
Deſtiny, he learn'd that his Son ſhould kill
him, and marry Jocaſta. As ſoon as Jocaſta
was brought to bed, he gave the Child call'd
Œdipus to one of her Officers to be put to
death; but this Officer touch'd with Compaſ-
fion gave him to a Shepherd, who brought him
up, and carry'd him to Corinth, where he made
him paſs for the Son of Polybius, King of the
Country. Œdipus having confulted the Ora-
cle, which gave him the fame Anſwer as was be-
fore given to Laius, as he thought himſelf the
Son of Laius he banifh'd himſelf to avoid ſuch
a Crime, and met his Father one Day, whom
he knew not, quarell'd with him, and ſlew him.
See Œdipus.

LA-

LA

LAMIA, Daughter of *Neptune*. Jupiter became enamour'd of her, and had by her a great Number of Children. Juno raging with Jealousy flew them all, which inspired Lamia with such Rage, that she devour'd every thing she met, and was chang'd into a Bitch.

LAMPETIA, one of the Heliades.

LANCE. See Amphiaras, Pelias, and Minerva.

LANUVIUM, the Capital of Latium, the fame as Lavinium.

LAOCOON, Son of Priam and Hecuba, and High-Priest of Apollo. He oppos'd the Trojans when they offer'd to introduce the wooden Horse into Troy, but they regarded him not. At the fame time two huge Serpents riling from the Sea came and feiz'd his two Children at the Foot of the Altar; he ran to their Af-fistance, but was ftrangled with them by the Knots these Monsters made with their Bodies.

LAODAMIA, Daughter of Belleron. She was greatly beloved by Jupiter. Diana flew her with an Arrow, becaufe of her Pride.

There was another Laodamia, Daughter of Adraftus. She died in a Fright, by seeing the Ghost of her Husband Proteflius, whom she greatly defir'd to fee again.

LAODICEA, Daughter of Priam and Hecuba, and Wife of Helicaon. She became so passionately enamour'd of Acamas, a Companion of Diomed, at the Siege of Troy, that she pro-

LA

profitituted herself to him in the fight of the
Army. Hygin. Dupin. Hift. Prof. Tom. 2.

There were four others of the fame Name.
One, the Wife of Phoroneus. Another, the
Daughter of Cinyras. A third, the Daughter
of Agamemnon and Clytemneſtra, offer'd in Mar-
riage to Achilles. And lastly, a fourth, the
Wife of Ariatas, who after her Husband's Death
flew five of her Children, to secure the Govern-
ment to herself.

LAOMEDON, King of Phrygia. He
contracted with Neptune and Apollo for a Sum
of Money to affift him in rebuilding the Walls
of Troy. The Work being perfected, he re-
fus'd to keep his Word. To punish him Apollo
afflicted the Country with a Peftilence, and
Neptune after a dreadful Inundation ſent a Mon-
fter. The Trojans confulted the Oracle, which
anſwer'd, to be deliver'd from theſe Evils they
muſt attone the Injury done to the Gods, by
expoſing Hefione, Daughter of Laomedon, to the
Monſter. Hercules deliver'd this unhappy Maid,
from the Ruin ſhe was expos'd to, on Promife
to marry her. But this faithleſs, treacherous
Prince again refus'd to perform his Contract;
Hercules inrag'd ſlew him, and gave Hefione to
Telamon, who carry'd her into Thrace.

LAPITHÆ, People of Theſaly, monſtrous
Giants, Sons of Æolus and Lapitha, Daughter
of Apollo. They were the firſt who tamed
Horſes. They quarrell'd with the Centaurs
at the Nuptials of Pirithous and Deidamia, but
were defeated by them.

LARES,

LA

LARES, call'd also Penates, domeſtick
Gods, Sons of Jupiter and Larunda. They
were ſmall Statues which were worſhipp'd in
Houſes, whereof they had the peculiar Charge.

LARK. Scylla, Daughter of Nifus, King of Megara, cut off her Father's Hair, whereon depended the Fate of the City, and deliver'd it with the Inhabitants to Minos, who beſieg'd it. Nifus endeavour'd to purſue and puniſh her for ſo fatal a Love, but he was chang'd into a Hawk, and Scylla into a Lark.

LARUNDA, a Deity who preſided over Houſes. Jupiter became enamour'd of her, and had by her the Gods Lares.

LARVÆ. They are reported to be the
Souls of the Wicked, which wander'd about in
the Shape of ravenous Wolves, or other hideous
Forms to create Terror.

LATINUS, King of Latium, he in vain
oppos'd the fetting of Æneas in Italy who came
to found a new Empire. But after the De-
feat of Turnis, to whom he had promis'd his
Daughter, he made an Alliance with Æneas,
and gave her to him. Virg. Æneid. l. 2.
and 12.

LATIUM, or the Country of the Latins,
near Italy, between the Tiber and the Kingdom
of Circe. It was here Saturn conceal'd him-
felf, and Janus receiv'd him, when Jupiter had
drove him from Heaven.

LATONA, Daughter of Corus and Phæbe.
She was greatly belov'd by Jupiter. Juno
in her Jealouſy caus'd her to be perſecuted
by the Serpent Python, and, during the whole

Time

LA

Time of her being with Child, this unhappy
Goddeſs was oblig'd to wander from one Place
to another, till *Neptune* in Pity rais'd the
Inſand *Delos* in the midſt of the Waters, whi-
ther ſhe went for Refuge, and brought forth
*Apollo* and *Diana*. Ovid. *Met.* l. 6. *Hygin*.

LAVERNA, a Deity who prefided over
Robberies, and protected Robbers. She was
repreſented under the Form of a Headleſs
Trunk.

LAVINIA, Daughter of Latinus. She
was promis'd to Turnus, but Æneas being at
War with him, theſe two Heroes fought a
ſingle Combat, in Prefence of their Armies,
having agreed ſhe ſhould marry the Conque-
ror. Æneas ſlew Turnus, and marry'd La-
vinia. Virgil. Æneid. l. 10, 11, and 12.
Hygin.

LAVINIUM. See Lanuvium.

LAUREL. See Daphne, Apollo.

LAW, an allegorical Deity, Daughter of
Jupiter and Themis. She was repreſented in
the Form of a young Woman holding a Scep-
tre in her Hand.

LEARCHUS. one of the Sons of Atha-
mas and Ino. See Ino.

LEDA, Wife of Tyndarus. She was ſo
passionately belov'd by Jupiter, that this God,
not being able to ſurprize her, chang'd him-
ſelf into a Swan, and toying on the Banks of
Eurotas where ſhe bath'd, he enjoy'd her. She
brought forth two Eggs, from one of which
proceeded Helena and Clytemneſtra, and the
other Caſtor and Pollux.

LE

LEM.

LE

other Caſtor and Pollux. Ovid Metam. l. 6.
Hygin.

LEMNOS, an Isle in the Ægean Sea. Vulcan had there famous Forges, where was also to be seen a famous Labyrinth. See Hypsible.

LENOEUS. Bacchus was so call'd. This Word in Greek signifies to prefs.

LEO. See Lion.

LERNA, a Marsh of Argos, where was the Hydra with seven Heads which Hercules flew; and where the Danaids threw the Heads of their Husbands.

LESBOS, an Isle in the Archipelagos, famous for the Temple of Apollo.

LESTRIGONS, People so voracious, that they fed only on Men's Flesh.

LETHE, a River in Hell. The Shades were oblig'd to drink of its Waters, and as soon as they had drank, they entirely loft the Remembrance of what had pafs'd. It is often confounded with the River of Forgetfulneſs.

LEUCIPPE, Daughter of Theſtor, a Prieft and famous Prophet, being afflicted for her Father and her Sifter Theonoe, whom ſhe had loſt, ſhe confulted the Oracle, which advis'd her to drefs herſelf in the Habit of a Prieft, and to go and ſeek them whom ſhe would undoubtedly find. She went into Caria, whither Theonoe had been carry'd by the Pirates, into the Hands of whom Theſtor was likewife fallen. Theonoe conceiv'd a violent Paſſion for Leucippe her unknown Sifter, and ſeeing ſhe would not anſwer her Flame, ſhe accus'd her

O

of

LE

of having attempted her Honour. The Captain of the Pirates order'd *Thestor* to slay her. *Thestor* deploring his Misfortune, in being oblig'd to become an Affaffin, pronounc'd aloud the Names of his Daughters. *Leucippe* and *Theonoe* surpriz'd, ask'd him Questions, knew him again, and eſcap'd.

LEUCOTHOE, Daughter of *Orchamus* and *Eurynome*. Apollo lov'd her tenderly, and, having put on the Habit of *Eurynome*, enjoy'd her. *Elytia*, another Miftrefs of Apollo, inform'd *Orchamus*, who bury'd his Daughter alive; but Apollo chang'd her into a Frankincense-Tree.

LIBER. Bacchus was so call'd, becaufe nothing makes the Mind more free than Wine.

LIBERALES. The Bacchanals were so call'd.

LIBERTY, an allegorical Deity. She was repreſented in the Form of a Woman, cloth'd in white, holding a Sceptre in one Hand, a Cap in the other, with a Cat at her fide, with its Collar broken.

LIBITINA, a Deity who preſided over Funerals. She is the fame as Proſerpine.

LYBIA, Daughter of Epaphus and Memphis. She marry'd Neptune, by whom ſhe had Agenor and Belus.

LICHAS, an Officer of Hercules, by whom Deianira ſent to this Heroe the fatal Shirt of Neſſus, the Poifon of which inſpir'd him with ſo much Madneſs, that he took Lychas by the Hair and threw him into the Sea; but Neptune chang'd him into a Rock.

LI

LI.

LI

LINUS, Son of Apollo and Terpsicore, and Brother to Orpheus. He invented Veres and Lyrick Poetry. It was he who taught Hercules Mufick; but the Disciple, being one Day reprov'd too severely, broke his Master's Head with his Lyre.

LION, one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiac. 'Tis that of the Foreft of Nemæa, which Hercules strangled, and Jupiter plac'd in Heaven. See Hercules, Atalanta, Pyramus, Cecrops, Cybele, Admetus.

LIRIOPE, a Nymph, the Daughter of Oceanus and Thetis, and Mother of Narcissus. She was chang'd into a Fountain, near which Narcissus became enamour'd of himself.

LIZARD. See Abas.

LUBENTIA, or LUBENTINA, a Deity who prefided over Pleafures.

LUCIFER, Son of Jupiter and Aurora. He was plac'd amongst the Stars, and his Office is to proclaim the Day. 'Tis this Star which appears a little before the Dawn of Day.

LUCINA, a Deity who prefides over Women in Labour. Juno was worſhipp'd under this Name.

LUNA. See Diana.

LUPERCALIA. Feaſts in Honour of the God Pan.

LUPERCI, Prieſts of the God Pan; they were all naked during the Lupercalia.

LUTE. See Apollo, Orpheus, Amphion, Linus, Arion, Erato, Mercury, Chione.

LYCAON, King of Arcadia. He was chang'd into a Wolf in the Temple of Jupiter,

LY

O 2

for

LY

for having sacrificed a Child. Others tell the
Story differently. See *Arcas*.

LYCHORIS, a Nymph of whom Apollo
was enamour'd.

LYCIA, a Kingdom of Greece.

LYCOMEDES, King of Scyros, to
whom *Achilles* was sent, that he might not go
to Troy.

LYCUS. See *Megara*, and *Zetus*.

LYGDUS, a Theffalian Lord. See *Iphis*.

LYNCEUS, one of the fifty Sons of
Ægyptus. He was the only one who eſcap'd from
the Maſſacre of his Brethren by the Danaids.
*Hypermneſtra* his Wife ſpar'd him. See *Hy-
permneſtra*.

LYNCUS, King of Scythia. He was
wanting in Gratitude to Triptolemus, ſent by
Ceres to teach Men Agriculture, in attempting
to put him to Death, but Ceres chang'd him
into a Leopard.

LYNX. See *Lyncus*. He had been of
the Number of the Argonauts, and had ſuch
piercing Eyes, that he ſaw thro' the thicket
Walls.

LYOEUS, a Name of Bacchus, which
fignifies the fame as *Liber*.

LYPARÆA, an Inle where Vulcan had
Forges.

LYRE. See Apollo, Orpheus, Amphion,
Arion, Erato, Linus, Mercury.

M MA-

MA

M

MACHAON, Son of Æsculapius, a famous Physician. He dy'd at the Siege he Troy.

MACRIS, Daughter of Ariftæus. She receiv'd Bacchus into her Lap, when Vulcan drew him from the Flames, and by this Action brought upon herself the Anger of Juno, who oblig'd her to abscond.

MÆANDER, a River of Theffaly, on the Banks whereof were a prodigious Number of Swans.

MÆNADES, were the fame as the Bacchantes.

MÆNALUS, a Mountain, waſh'd by the River Eurotas, where Apollo retir'd to ſing his Loves, and chang'd Daphne into a Laurel.

MÆRA, the Name of Icarus his Bitch. See Icarus, or Erigone.

MAIA, one of the Pleiades, Daughter of Atlas and Pleione. Jupiter lov'd her, and had by her Mercury. She also brought up Arcas, which greatly enrag'd Juno, who would have severely perſecuted her, had not Jupiter chang'd her into a Star.

MAMMOSA. Ceres was so call'd, from the vaſt Number of Paps ſhe had, as being the Nurſing Mother of the World.

MANES. So the Antients call'd the Souls of the Dead: Altars were rais'd to their Honour, and Sacrifices offer'd to appeaſe them.

O 3

Some

MA

Some Poets look'd upon them as infernal Deities.

MAULO, Daughter of Tirefias, and a famous Prophets, being found in the Spoils which the People of Argos brought from Thebes, she was sent to Delphos, and confecrated to Apollo. Alcmeon, General of the Army, became enamour'd of her, and had by her two Children, one nam'd Amphilochus, the other Tisiphone.

MARPESIA, Daughter of Idas. See Evena.

MARS, God of War, and Son of Juno. This Goddefs, provok'd that Jupiter had brought forth Pallas, without having Commerce with her, she went into the Eaft to learn the Art of bringing forth Children with the Help of her Husband. Her Journey over, she sat down at the Gate of Flora's Temple to rest herself. Flora ask'd the Reafon of her Voy. age, and promis'd to teach her the Secret on Condition she should never discover it. This Goddefs shew'd her a Flower, upon which a Woman sitting, conceiv'd immediately. Juno in like Manner brought forth the God Mars, and stil'd him the God of War. This God prefided over all Battles. He had a violent Passion for Venus, with whom Vulcan surpriz'd him asleep. He had an infinite Number of Miftreffes. He is always reprefented arm'd Cap-apee, with a Cock near him, becaufe he chang'd Aletryon his Favourite into a Cock, who, standing Centinel whilft he was with Venus, fuffer'd him to be surpriz'd. They built many

Tem-

MA

Temples to his Honour. Hygin. Pausan.
Nat. Comes. Firmin. Cicero de Nat. Deorum.
Antiqu. de Monfau. Cartari. Ovid. Virgil.

MARTIAS, a famous Satyr, who first set
to Musick the Hymns sacred to the Gods. Cy-
bele lov'd him, and made him follow her in
her Voyages. He one Day challeng'd Apollo
to sing; but Apollo, to punish him, bound
and flea'd him alive. His Body was chang'd
into a River of Blood. Ovid. Metam.

MASK. See Thalia, Momus, and Fable.

MAVORS, a Name of Mars.

MAUSOLUS, King of Caria. After
his Death, Artemisa his Wife rais'd to him a
magnificent Tomb, which was esteem'd one
of the Wonders of the World. Hence comes
Mauſolæum.

MEDEA, a grand Sorcereſs, Daughter of
Oetes; ſhe became enamour'd of Jafon, who
by her Inchantments facilitated the Conqueſt
of the golden Fleece, and follow'd him into
his own Country. To retard her Father who
purſu'd her, ſhe ſtrew'd along the Way the
mangled Limbs of her Brother Abſyrtus; be-
ing arriv'd in Theſaly, ſhe reſtor'd to Youth
Jafon the aged Father of Jafon; and to re-
venge her Husband on the Perſidy of Pelias,
who had ſent him on his Expedition, hoping
he would perſiſh therein, ſhe perſuaded the
Daughters of Pelias, to ſlay their Father, by
promiſing to make him young again. The
credulous Daughters follow'd her Advice, and
boil'd in a Chaldron the Limbs of Pelias, as
Medea had directed, but to no Purpofe. Jau-
ſon

ME

ME

son outrag'd, abandon'd this wicked Woman,
and marry'd Creusa the Daughter of Creon.
Medea in Revenge poifon'd the Father, and
Daughter of Jason, with the two Children she
had by him. At laft she fled thro' the Air in
a Chariot drawn by wing'd Dragons to Col-
chos, where she re-establish'd her Father Oetes
on the Throne, whence in her Absence he had
been expell'd. Hygin. Ovid. Metam. l. 7.
Seneca Medda. Nat. Com. Pausan.

MEDULINA. See *Aruntius*.

MEDUSA, one of the three Gorgons. Neptune being become enamour'd of Medusa, enjoy'd her in the Temple of Minerva, who, provok'd with this Sacrilege, chang'd the Hairs of Medusa into Serpents, and gave her Head the Power of converting into Stone all who look'd on it. Perseus, protected by the Wings of Mercury, struck off her Head, from the Blood of which sprung the Horfe Pegasus, which, striking his Foot against the Earth, caus'd the Fountain Hippocrene to flow.

MEGÆRA, one of the three Furies of Hell.

MEGANIRA. See *Deiphon*.

MEGARA, Daughter of Creon, and Wife of Hercules. During Hercules's Descent into Hell, Lycus would have forc'd Megara to give up the Kingdom, and prostitute herself to him. But Hercules return'd in good time, and flew Lycus. Juno always enrag'd against Hercules, as being Son of one of Jupiter's Mirtreffes, found this Death to be unjust, and infpir'd him with

ME

with Madneſs, ſo that he kill'd *Megara*, and
the Children he had by her.

There was a City and Kingdom in *Greece*
of this Name.

MELANION. See *Hippomenes*.

MELANIRA. *Venus* was so call'd, because she only granted her Favours in the Night time.

MELAMPUS, Son of *Amythaon* and *Dorippe*, a great Physician and famous Prophet. 'Tis said, he underſood what the Birds meant by their chattering. He cur'd the Daughters of *Prætus* of their Madneſs.

MELAMPYGUS. See *Achmon*.

MELANTHO, a Nymph with whom *Neptune* was very much enamour'd. This God took the Figure of a *Dolphin* to carry her away.

MELEAGER, Son of *Eneus* and *Althæa*. *Althæa*, when she was in Labour of him, saw the three *Parcæ* near the Fire, who there left a Brand, saying, this Child shall live so long as this Brand shall last, and then withdrew. *Althæa* quickly feiz'd the Brand, quench'd it, and kept it very carefully. Her Son at the Age of fifteen Years forgot to sacrifice to *Diana*, who in Revenge ſent a Boar to ravage the Country of *Calydon*. The *Græcian* Princes assembled to kill this Monster, and *Meleager* at their Head ſignaliz'd his Courage. *Atalanta* gave the Monster the firſt Wound; and he presented her with the Head as the moſt honourable Spoils. The Brothers of *Althæa*, not approving this Preference, pretended to have it :

But

ME

But this young Prince flew them, and marry'd
*Atalanta*. *Althæa* reveng'd the Death of her
Brothers, by throwing the fatal Brand into the
Fire. *Meleager* immediately perceiv'd his En-
trails devour'd as the Torch burn'd. At length
*Althæa*, seeing her Son dead, flew herself for
Grief.

MELICERTUS, Son of *Athamas* and *Ino*;
to escape his Fathers Fury, he cast himself in-
to the Sea, and was chang'd into a Sea-God.
See *Ino*.

MELISSA, one of the Nymphs which
ferv'd *Amalthæa*; she was chang'd into a Bee.

MELONA, Goddeſs of Bees; ſhe had
the Direction of every Thing which concern'd
them.

MELPOMENA, one of the nine Mu-
fes, Goddeſs of Tragedy. She is usually re-
presented in the Form of a young Nymph,
with a serious Air, richly dres'd, rais'd on Buf-
kins, holding Sceptres and Crowns in one Hand,
and a Ponyard in the other.

MEMBERS *dispers'd*, see *Abyrtus*, *Epi-
daurus*, *Medea*, *Pelops*, and *Arcas*.

MEMNON, King of *Abydon*, and Son of
*Tithonus* and *Aurora*. *Achilles* flew him before
*Troy*, because he brought Affiance to *Priam*;
and whilst he was on the Funeral-Pile, *Apollo*,
at the Requeſt of *Aurora*, chang'd him into a
Bird; this Bird multiply'd greatly, and retir'd
with its young Ones into *Æthiopia*, which came
every Year to sacrifice themselves on their Pa-
rents Tomb, by killing one another. 'Tis said,
the

M E

the Statue of *Memnon* gave harmonious Sounds at the first Appearance of *Aurora*, and the Beams of the Sun to proclaim his Acknowledgment.
*Homer*. *Pausan.*

MEMORY. See *Mnemofyne*.

MENALIPPE, Sifter of *Antiope*, Queen of the Amazons. She was taken Prisoner by *Hercules*, who receiv'd as a Ransom her Arms and Belt.

MENALIPPUS, a Citizen of *Thebes*. He was slain by *Tydeus*, at the Siege of this City.

MENE, the fame as *Fluonia*.

MENOECEUS, Son of *Creon*, King of *Thebes*. He was slain by attempting to interpose between *Etheocles* and *Polynices*, his Cousins, to prevent their fighting.

MENELAUS, Brother of *Agamemnon*, and King of *Lacedemon*. He marry'd *Helen*, whom *Paris* carry'd away, which caus'd the Siege of *Troy*, where he gain'd a great Fame. This Prince recover'd his Wife, and brought her to *Lacedemon*, where he died soon after his Arrival.
*Hom.* *Iliad*. *Euripid*. *Soph.* *Ovid*. *Hygin*.

MENALAUS, a famous Centaur. One of the Dogs of *Aetæon* was also call'd *Menelaus*.

MENEPHRON, a young *Theffalian* who lay with his Mother, of whom he was enamour'd. *Diana* chang'd them into Dogs.

MENESTHEUS, Son of *Arifthous*, and *Philomedusa*. He was slain at the Siege of *Troy* by *Paris*.

MENE-

MÈ

MENESTHO, a Nymph so call'd, be-
cause she remembred every Thing.

MENIUS, Son of Lycaon, who was
chang'd into a Wolf with his Father, by
Jupiter, for speaking disdainfully of him.

MENOETES, one of the Companions of
Æneas, whose Ships he conducted after the
Death of Palinurus.

MENOETIUS, a Grecian Prince of
great renown, and Father of Patroclus. He
was Son of Ægina.

MENTOR, Governor to Telemachus. He
was the most wife and prudent Man of his
Time. 'Tis said, it was Minerva, who took a
human Shape to tutor Telemachus, and whom
she accompany'd when he went in search of his
Father, after the Siege of Troy.
Homer,
Pausan. Telem.

MERCURY, Son of Jupiter and Maia,
was the God of Eloquence, Merchandize and
Robbers, and Messenger of the Gods, partic-
cularly to Jupiter, who faften'd Wings to his
Head and Heels to execute his Commissions
with greater Expedition. It was he who con-
ducted the Souls into Hell with Power to bring
them back. He was a perfect Mafter of Mu-
fick. It was he who ftole the Flocks, the
Arms and Lyre of Apollo, and us'd this Lyre,
which he underftood to manage, to lull Argus
to sleep, and flay him, who guarded the Cow
Jo. He chang'd Battus into a Touchstone;
deliver'd Mars from Prifon, or rather from the
Bed where Vulcan had fhut him up, and chain'd

Pro-

ME

MI

*Prometheus on Mount Caucassus.* He was greatly beloved by *Venus*, by whom he had *Herma-phroditus*, and several other Children by other Women. He is usually represented with a Caduceus in his Hand, with Wings at his Head and Heels. See *Caduceus*. *Nat. Com. Ovid. Hygin. Paujan. Firmin. Apollod.*

**MEROPE, one of the Pleiades.**

**METAMORPHOSIS, a changing from one Being to another.**

**METRA, Daughter of Eresifthon.** She gave herself up to *Neptune*, who gave her in Return, the Power to transform herself into what Shape she pleas'd, and as oft as she would ; which she often did to allay the devouring Famine of her Father. She sometimes caus'd herself to be found in the Form of an Ox, sometimes of an Elephant, or other Animal. The Price serv'd to procure Meat for her Father.

**MEZENTIUS, King of the Tyrhenians.** His People revolted from him, because he murther'd those who did not please him, making them die Face to Face. *Æneas* flew him.

**MICTÆUS.** See *Antiope*.

**MIDUS, Son of Gordius and King of Phrygia.** He honourably receiv'd *Bacchus* into his Dominions; this God, in Return to his good Offices, promis'd to grant him whatever he should ask. *Midas* requir'd, that whatever he should touch might be turn'd into Gold; but he soon repented of making such a Demand, for every Thing turn'd to Gold, even his Victuals as soon as he touch'd them. He begg'd of *Bacchus* to take back his Gift, and by his Orders

P

wasn't

M I

wasn't in the River *Paltolus*. Apollo caus'd
him to have Afs's Ears, for determining the
Musick of *Pan* and *Marfyas* to be superior to
his. *Ovid. Metam. Hygin.*

MILET, he is believ'd to be

MILO of *Crotona*. A Wreftler of such
Strength, that he carry'd an Ox on his Shoul-
ders, and kill'd it with a Blow of his Fift. At-
tempting one Day to rend a Tree, his Arms
were catch'd in the Chink, and there he was
chain'd till the Wolves devour'd him.

MINEUS, a Theffalian Lord, whose Daugh-
ters, call'd Mineides, were chang'd into Bats.

MINEIDES, Daughters of *Mineus*; they
were three, namely, *Alcithoe*, *Clymene*, and
*Iris*. They were chang'd into Bats, for hav-
ing deſpis'd *Bacchus*, and working on the Day
of the Orgia.

MINERVA, otherwife *Pallas*, Goddeſs of
Wisdom, War and Arts, and Daughter of
*Jupiter*, who produc'd her from his Brain arm'd
Capa-pee. 'Tis faid, he caus'd *Vulcan* to give
him a Stroke on the Head with his Hammer,
to bring her forth. *Neptune* and ſhe diſputed
which ſhould give the Name to the City *Cecro-
pia*. The Perſon who immediately produc'd
the moſt uſeful Thing ſhould have the Ho-
nour; ſhe rais'd from the Earth with her Lance
a blooming Olive, and *Neptune*, with a Stroke of
his Trident, call'd forth an Horſe, which ſome
pretend to be the Horſe *Pegasus*. The Gods
decided it in Favour of *Minerva*, becauſe the
Olive is the Symbol of Peace; and ſhe nam'd
the City *Athens* from *Athene*, as ſhe was call'd by
the

M I

the Greeks. She is represented arm'd from Head
to Foot, holding a Lance, as Gods of War;
and, having near her divers mathematical Instru-
ments, Gods of Arts and Sciences. Ovid.
Met. Natal. Com. Hygin. Pausan.

MINOS, Son of Jupiter and Europa, and
Judge of Hell. He defeated the Athenians by
the Affrontance of Scylla, Daughter of Nifus,
who cut from her Father's Head the fatal Hairs
on which depended the Deftiny of the Inhabi-
tants, to give them to Minos her Lover. Mi-
nos oblig'd them to deliver to him every Year
feven young Men, and feven young Women,
to be a Prey to the Minotaur. He exacted
this Ransom from them as a Punifhment for the
Murther of his Son Androgeas. Minos after
his Death went into Hell, where, 'tis faid, Fate
put into his Hands an Urn, wherein are inclos'd
the Deftinies of Men, and oblig'd him to stay
there for ever to judge Mortals. Nat. Com.
Ovid. Virg. Æneid. 1. 4.

MINOTAUR, a Monster, half Man, half
Bull. He sprung from Pasiphaë, and, a Bull
of which this Princefs was enamour'd. She
was put into a Cow's Hide to gratify this odi-
ous Luft. Minos shut this Monster in a Laby-
rinth, becaufe he ravag'd the Country, and
only fed on human Flesh. Theseus, being one
of the Number of young Greeks, which were
to be his Prey, kill'd him, and eſcap'd out of
the Labyrinth by a Clue of Thread, which
Ariadne, Daughter of Minos, had given him.
See Theseus. Virgil. Æneid. 1. 6. Ovid. Met.
Plutarch. in Vita Theſ.

P 2

MIR-

M I

M O

MIRSILUS. See Candaules.

MISERICORDIA, an allegorical Deity,
in whose Temple the Wretched found a certain
Refuge. See Hyllus.

MNASYLUS, a young Satyr, who join'd
Chromis and Ægle, to bind old Silenus with Gar-
lands.

MNEMOSYNE, or the Goddeſs of Me-
mory. Jupiter had a great Affection for her,
and had by her the Mufeſs. She lay in on
Mount Parnafſus.

MOLORCHUS, a Shepherd of Cleonia,
in whose Favour Hercules, for having been
friendly entertain'd by him, ſlew the Lion in
the Nemæan Foreſt, which waſted his Herds.

MOLOSSUS, Son of Pyrrhus, and An-
dromache. One of Aetæon's Dogs was so call'd.

MOMUS, Son of Nox and Somnus, and
God of Banter. He busy'd himſelf wholly in
examining the Actions of the Gods and Men,
and to reprimand them freely. 'Tis therefore
he is repreſented taking off a Mask from their
Faces, and holding a Poppet in his Hand.
Neptune, having made a Bull, Vulcan, a Man,
and Minerva, a Houſe, Momus found the Horns
of the Bull were plac'd amifs, ſince they ſhould
have been nearer the Eyes or Shoulders, to
ſtrike with greater Force; as to the Man, he
would have had a Cafement to his Breaſt, to
ſee his moſt ſecret Thoughts; and laſtly, the
Houſe ſeem'd too bulky to be remov'd, when
one had got an ill Neighbour. Luciani
Dialog.

MONOSCELES. See Scyapodes.

MON-

M O

M U

MONSTER. See Andromeda, Ægis, Cad-
mus, Harpies, Phædra, Circe, Ægesthus, Glaucus,
Scyllas, Syreus, Parthenope, Triton, Sphinx,
Minotaur, Chimæra, Hesione.

MORPHEUS, one of the Minifters of Somnus. He lull'd to sleep thofe he touch'd with a Plant of Poppy, and prefented Dreams in divers Forms.

MORS, a Deity, Daughter of Nox and Somnus, and the moſt inexorable of all the Goddeſſes; a Cock was her Sacrifice; the Poets repreſent her under the Form of a Skeleton, with a black Mantle beſpangled with Stars, with Wings, and sometimes holding a Scythe.

MURCIA, is a Name of Venus, under which this Goddeſs was worſhipp'd at Rome, becauſe ſhe had taken the Walls under her Protection.

MUSES, Goddeſſes of the Sciences and Arts, Daughters of Jupiter and Mnemofyne; they were Nine, viz. Clio, Melpomene, Thalia, Euterpe, Terpſichore, Erato, Calliope, Uronia, and Polyhymnia. They had Apollo at their Head; the Palm and Olive-trees, and ſeveral Fountains, as Hippocrene, Caſtalius, and the River Permeſſis, were ſacred to them. They inhabited Mount Parnassus, Helicon, Pierus, and Pindus. The Horſe Pegasus fed uſually near and upon theſe Mountains. See each diſtinctly. Ovid. Virg. Hor. Nat. Com.

MUATTA, or MUTA, the Goddeſs of
Silence, and Daughter of the River Almon.
Jupiter caus'd her Tongue to be cut out, and
herſelf to be carry'd to Hell, becauſe ſhe had

dif-

P 3

MY

discover'd to *Juno* his Amours with *Futurna*.
*Mercury*, ftruck with her Beauty, enjoy'd her,
and had two Children by her, nam'd *Lares*;
to whom they sacrific'd in the fame manner
as to the particular Genii:

MYCENE, a City and Kingdom of
Greece.

MYNES, King of *Lyrneffus*. See *Bri-
feis*.

MYRMIDONS They were formerly
Ants, which were chang'd into Men. See
Æacus. They follow'd *Achilles* to the Siege of
Troy.

MYRRHA, Daughter of Cinyras. She be-
came so passionately enamour'd of her Father,
that by the Affiftance of her Nurfe ſhe enjoy'd
him, being by her ſubſtituted in the Place of
her Mother, by the Side of Cinyras, who,
knowing that her Crime, would have ſlain her;
but ſhe was chang'd into Myrrhe. Adonis ſprung
from this Inceſt. Ovid. Met. l. 10.

MYRTILUS, Charioteer to Œnomaus,
and Son of *Mercury* and *Myrtho*. *Pelops* be-
ing to contend in a Chariot-Race with Œno-
maus, Father of *Hippodamia*, for whom he had
engag'd to oppoſe thoſe that demanded her
in Marriage, brib'd *Myrtilus* to his Party ; who
took out the Pin which faſten'd the Wheel, the
Chariot overturn'd and Œnomaus broke his
Neck. *Pelops* threw *Myrtilus* into the Sea, for
having betray'd his Maſter, inſtead of giving
him the Reward he had promis'd.

MYRTHO, a famous Amazon, who aban-
don'd *Mercury*, by whom ſhe had *Myrtilus*.

MYS-

MY

NA

MYSCILLUS, an Inhabitant of Argos,
not being able to unfold the Meaning of the
Oracle, which had order'd him to go and build
a City, where he found Rain in Sun-shine, he
met in Italy a Harlot weeping, and there he
built the City Croton.

MYSIA, a Kingdom of Afia.

N

NAIADES, Daughters of Nereus and Doris. They prefided over Rivers and Fountains, and were honour'd as Deities. See

NAIS, a Nymph of Mount Ida, who mar-
ry'd Capis, King of Phrygia. 'Tis said, she was
chang'd into a Fountain, and that she gave
Name to the Naiades, Goddeffes which inhabit
the Waters.

NAPÆÆ, Daughters of Nereus and Doris. They prefided over Meadows and Groves.

NARCISSUS, Son of Cephisus and Liri-
ope. He was so beautiful, that all the Nymphs
fell in Love with him, but he flighted them
all. Echo, not being able to fucceed, wafted
away with Grief. Tirefias foretold the Parents
of this young Man, that he should live till he
faw himself. Returning one Day from hunt-
ing, he perceiv'd his Image in the Waters,
and became so passionately fond of himself,
that he pin'd away with Love, and was chang'd
into a Daffodil.

NAUPLIUS, a famous Satyr.

NAUTUS, a Trojan, and Companion of Æneas. He foretold Æneas, that all his Mif-fortunes

NA

NE

fortunes would be caus'd by the Hate of Juno.

NAXOS, an Isle where Theseus abandon'd
Ariadne on a Rock.

NECESSITY, an allegorical Deity,
Daughter of Fortune; she was worshipp'd by
all the Earth; her Power was such, that Ju-
piter himself was forc'd to obey her. None
except her Priests had a Right to enter her
Temple at Corinth. She was always represented
with Fortune, her Mother, with Hands of Brafs,
in which they held Ship-Nails, and large
Wedges.

NECTAR, the Drink which Hebe and
Ganimede pour'd out to the Gods.

NEÆRA, a Nymph, whom Sol paſſionate-
ly lov'd, and by whom he had two Daughters.

There was also a Shepherdess of this Name.

NELEUS, Son of Neptune, and the
Nymph Tyro, being expell'd Theſaly by his Bro-
ther Pelius, he fled to Lacedæmon for Refuge,
where he marry'd Chloris, by whom he had
twelve Children. Hercules flew him with them,
except Neſtor, who happily was absent, for re-
fusing him Paſſage when he went into Spain.

NEMÆA, a Region of Elis, where was
a vaſt Foreſt, fam'd for the terrible Lyon
which Hercules ſtrangled to oblige Molorchus,
and by the Command of Euriftheus. See Her-
cules, Molorchus.

NEMEUS, Son of Jupiter and Luna.

NEMESIS, or Adraftæa, Goddeſs of Ven-
geance, Daughter of Jupiter and Necessity.
She chaſtis'd the Wicked, and puniſh'd those
who abus'd the Favours of Fortune; she was
always

N E

always represented with Wings, arm'd with
Torches, and Serpents, and a high branchy
Crown on her Head.

NEPHELE, Wife of Ino.

NEOPHRON. See Ægypius.

NEPTUNE, Son of Saturn and Rhea. In the Division of the Empire with his Brothers, Jupiter and Pluto, the Dominion of the Water fell to him, and he was ftil'd God of the Sea. Rhea fav'd him from the Fury of his Father, as she had done Jupiter. She gave him to Shepherds to be brought up; and, being grown up, he marry'd Amphitrite, had several Concubines, and was drove with Apollo from Heaven, for Conspiracy against Jupiter; they went together to affift Laomedon, to re-build the Walls of Troy, and he punifh'd this King, by raifing up a Sea-monfer, which wafted the Country, becaufe he had refus'd to pay their Hire. He disputed in vain againft Minerva, to give Name to the City of Athens; he ravifh'd and chang'd Amymone into a Fountain. He is represented ufually in a Carr, in the Form of a Shell, drawn by Sea-Horfes, holding a Trident in his Hand. Cartari d' Imag. Deor. Cicero l. 2. De Nat. Deor. Ovid. Metam. Virgil. Æneid.

NEREUS, a Sea-God, the Son of Oceánus and Thetis. He marry'd his Sifter Doris, by whom he had fifty Daughters, nam'd Nereids, or Nymphs of the Sea.

NEREIDS. See Nereus.

NESSUS, a Centaur, the Son of Ixion and the Cloud. He offer'd his Service to Hercules to carry

NE

NI

carry Deianira over the River Evenus, and,
being paſs'd over, he offer'd to ravish her, and
carry her away; but Hercules kill'd him with
an Arrow; dying, he gave his Shirt ſtain'd
with his Blood to Deianira, affuring her, it
had the Virtue of recalling Hercules if he ſhould
at any Time eſtrange himſelf to her; but it
prov'd a Poison which took away the Life of
Hercules. Pauſan. Hygin. Virgil. Ovid. Me-
tam.

NESTOR, Son of Neleus and Chloris. He
was preferv'd from the Fate of his Father and
Brothers. See Neleus. He fought againſt the
Centaurs, who attempted to carry away Hippo-
damia, and gain'd immortal Fame at the Siege
of Troy. Apollo prolong'd his Life to three
hundred Years.

NICOCREON, Father of Arſinoe.

NINUS, Emperor of the Affyrians. He
was the firſt who ſacrific'd to Statues.

NIOBE, Daughter of Tantalus, and Wife
of Amphion, having had fourteen Children,
ſhe dar'd to prefer herſelf to Latona, which ſo
inrag'd her, that ſhe caus'd her ſeven Sons
and ſeven Daughters to be ſlain by Apollo and
Diana. She was chang'd into a Rock.

NISUS, King of Megara. The Fates
had given him Hairs, whereon depended the
Deſtiny of the Megaraans, whom he ſhould go-
vern ſo long as he preferv'd them. Scylla, his
Daughter being enamour'd of Minos, cut off
his Hairs while he ſlept, and prefented them
to her Lover, who made himſelf Maſter of
Megara. Nisus, purſuing her, was chang'd

into

NO

OC

into a Hawk, and the other into a Lark.
Ovid. *Metam.*

There was another Nifus, Friend of Euria-
lus. Æneas was extremely touch'd at the Loſs
of this young Prince, who was flain in Battle.
Æneid. l. 8. 9.

NONIUS, one of Pluto's Horſes.

NOTUS, the South Wind, and one of
the four Cardinals.

NOX, Goddeſs of Darkneſs, Daughter of
Cælum and Terra; ſhe marry'd the River Ere-
bus in Hell, by whom ſhe had many Children;
ſhe is frequently reſpented in black Robes,
beſet with Stars.

NUMICIUS, a River of Italy. A Lover
of Anna, Dido's Sifter.

NUPTIALS. See Thetis, Hippodamia.

NYCTIMENE, a young Nymph of
Theſsaly; 'tis ſaid, ſhe being enamour'd of her
Father, was chang'd into a Night-Raven. Some
think her the fame as Myrrha.

NYMPHS, Goddeſſes, Daughters of Oce-
anus and Terra, or of Nereus and Doris. Some
of them, nam'd Nereids, dwelt in the Sea; others,
call'd Naiades, inhabited the Rivers and Foun-
tains; thoſe of the Country were nam'd Dry-
ades; the Hamadryades rul'd in the Foreſts;
the Napææ in Groves and Meadows; and the
Oreades in the Mountains.

O

O

CCASION, an allegorical Deity, which
prefides over the Moment moſt lucky to be-
gin

O C

gin an Enterprize. She is repreſented under the
Figure of a naked Woman, or of a young Man
bald behind, with one Foot lifted up, the
other on a Wheel, holding a Razor in one Hand,
and a Veil in the other; and fometimes mov-
ing quickly over the Edge of a Razor with-
out Harm. *Cartari Phæd. Fab.*

OCEANUS, a Sea-God, Son of Cælum
and Vesta, Father of the Rivers and Foun-
tains, he marry'd Thetis, by whom he had
many Children.

OCYROE, Daughter of Chiron and Chariotea. She was chang'd into a Mare, for de-firing to look into Futurity.

OCYPETE, one of the Harpies.

ŒDIPUS, King of Thebes, Son of Laius
and Jocasta. The Oracle had foretold Laius,
that his Son ſhould ſlay him, and marry his
Mother. To evade ſuch Crimes, Laius, as Ioon
as Oedipus was born, deliver'd him to one of
his Officers to be put to Death; but this Offi-
cer, touch'd with Compassion, ty'd him by his
Heels to a Tree. A Shepherd, paſſing that
Way, took the Infant and carry'd it to Poly-
bius, King of Corinth, who brought him up as
his Son, till this young Prince, whom the Ora-
cle threaten'd with the fame Evils, as Laius
had before been threaten'd with, banisht him-
felt, thinking this to be his Country. He met
Laius in Phocis, but knew him not, quarrel'd
with, and flew him. Thence he went to Thebes
(after he had travell'd some Time about the
Country) where he solv'd the Ænigma of Sphinx.
Jocasta, the Queen, was to be the Reward of
him

O E

O E

him that conquer'd this Monster. He then
marry'd Jocasta, his own Mother, by whom
he had two Sons, Eteocles and Polynices. The
Gods, incens'd at this Inceft, smote the Thebans
with a Peftilence, which rag'd till the Shep-
herd who had fav'd Oedipus came to Thebes,
knew him again, and explain'd his Birth. Oe-
dipus, after this dreadful Tryal, tore out his
Eyes, and banifh'd himfelf from his native
Country.

OENEUS, King of Calydon, and Husband
of Althæa, by whom he had Meleager, Tydeus
and Deianira; fome fay this Prince forgot to
facrifice to Diana, others, that it was Meleager
his Son, at which this Goddeſs, enrag'd, ſent a
Boar to ravage the Country; and 'tis thought,
Oeneus flew this Monster, but many others main-
tain it to be Meleager.

OENOMAUS, King of Elis, and Fa-
ther of Hippodamia, having learnt that he
ſhould die by the Hand of his Grandfon, re-
ſolv'd not to marry his Daughter. Being very
expert in the Race, he oblig'd all thofe who
came to demand her to run with him, on Con-
dition to give her to him who vanquifh'd him
in this Exercife, or to ſlay the vanquifh'd; but
Pelops the fourteenth, having brib'd Myrtilus
his Charioteer, to leave out one of the Pins
in the Chariot of Oenemaus, who broke his
Neck by the Fall, got the Victory, and mar-
ry'd Hippodamia. Hygin. Herod.

OENONE, Daughter of the River Phry-
gis, one of the Nymphs of Mount Ida. 'Tis
faid, Apolla had her Virginity; and in Return,
he

Q

OE

OM

he gave her a perfect Knowledge of Futurity
and Physick. She marry'd *Paris*, who soon
left her, and to whom she predicted the carry-
ing away of *Helena*, and the Miseries of *Troy*.
When this Prince receiv'd a Wound from *Phi-
loctetes*, he went to seek her on Mount *Ida*, but
she gave him a cold Reception; and, being
again wounded by *Pyrrhus*, he return'd and
found the same Treatment. Nevertheless she
follow'd him at a Distance, with a Design to
cure him, but he died of the Wound before
she arriv'd. She then hang'd herself in her
Girdle for Grief.

CETA, a famous Mountain in Greece.

OGYGES, King of Thebes, a Descendant
of Cadmus.

OGYGIA, an Island, and ordinary Abode
of Calypso.

OILEUS, King of Locris, and Father of
Ajax.

OLIVE. See Apollo, and Minerva.

OLYMPIA. See Games.

OLYMPII. The twelve great Gods were
thus call'd, viz. *Jupiter*, *Mars*, *Neptune*,
*Pluto*, *Vulcan*, *Apollo*, *Juno*, *Vesta*, *Minerva*,
*Ceres*, *Diana*, and *Venus*.

OLYMPUS, the most beautiful and celebrated Mountain in the Universe, being in Theffaly, near Offa and Pelion. Jupiter with his Court made his usual Abode on the Top of this Mountain.

OMPHALE, Queen of Lydia. Hercules
was so passionately in love with her, that he
took

OP

OR

took a Distaff, and amus'd himself with Spinning with her.

OPINION, an allegorical Deity, who
prefides over the Sentiments of Men.

OPS. See Rhea.

ORA. See Herfilea.

ORACLE, the prophetick Anfwer of some
Deity. The moft famous were thofe of Apollo
and the Cumæan Sybil. There were Men and
Women who employ'd themfelves in giving
fuch Anfwers, by confulting the Entrails of
Animals deſign'd for Sacrifice.

ORCADES, Nymphs of the Mountains.

ORCHAMUS. See Leucothæ.

ORCUS, a Name of Pluto, which denotes
the Necessity of Death, which he impofes on
Men.

ORESTES, Son of Agamemnon and Clytemneſtra, when he was grown up, and had difcover'd the Murtherers of his Father, he flew Clytemneſtra his Mother, who acted a Part in the Murther. Afterwards coming to Epyrus, he ſtabb'd Pyrrhus, the Lover of Hermione, and attempted to carry away that Princeſs; but, being always tormented with Furies ſince his Parricide, the Oracle commanded him to go into Tauris, and ſacrifice himſelf to attone his Crimes; he went accompany'd by Pylades his intimate Friend, who would never leave him; when they were arriv'd, Pylades preſented himſelf to Thoas, King of the Country, as a Sacriſce; ſaying, it was he who was Oreſtes, and that the other was an Impoſtor, in the Moment Oreſtes was to receive the Stroke of the

Knife,

Q2

OR

Knife. Iphigenia his Sifter, Prieftefs of Diana,
knew him; fhe with Oreftes and Pylades facri-
fic'd Thoas, King of the Country, becaufe of
his Cruelty, and carry'd away the Statue of
Diana. Oreftes died by the Bite of a Serpent.
Saph. Elect. Hygin. Hor. Art. Poet. Æneid.
Ovid.

ORGIA, Feafts in Honour of Bacchus,
call'd so from the Fury with which the Baccha-
nals celebrated them. Some think they were
the fame with the Bacchanalia.

ORION, Son of Jupiter, Neptune and
Mercury. These three Gods, travelling toge-
ther, lodg'd with one Hyreus or Hirieus, a poor
man, by whom they were handfomely receiv'd;
in Return, they promis'd to grant whatever he
should defire. He had a long Time wifh'd
to have a Son, but without the Help of any
Woman, or even of his own Wife. Some
fay, if he had no Children, it was becaufe he
had vow'd never to be falfe to her; others
affirm, it was becaufe ſhe was old, he could
not hope to have any by her. The Gods order'd
him to bring the Ox's Hide, which he had
kill'd to entertain them; they all three made
Water into it, affuring him, that in nine Months
a Son would thence ariſe, if he kept it care-
fully in the fame Place. Orion, being thence
born, became a great Hunter. Diana, whom
he one Day attempted to ravifh, and to whom
he boafted, he better underftood to catch wild
Beafts than ſhe, caus'd a Scorpion to ariſe,
which bit him, whereof he died; but Jupiter
chang'd

OR

OS

chang'd him into one of the twelve Signs in
the Zodiac, call'd Scorpio. Hygin. Plin.

ORITHIA, Daughter of Ere&theus, and
Queen of the Amazons. She was carry'd away
by Boreas, and had by him Zetes and Calais.

ORPHEUS, Son of Apollo and Clio. 'Tis
faid, he play'd so well on the Harp, that Rocks
and Trees quitted their Places to follow him,
Rivers forgot to flow, and Savages flock'd
about to hear him. Euridice his Wife dying,
by the Bite of a Serpent, the Day of her Nup-
tials, as she fled the amorous Addressees of
Aristeus, he went down to Hell, and so mov'd
Pluto, Proserpine, and all the infernal Deities
by the Harmony of his Lyre, that they reftor'd
her to him, on Condition he look'd not be-
hind him before he reach'd the Earth. Not
being able to check his Impatience, he look'd
behind him to see whether she follow'd, when
she immediately vanish'd. After this Misfor-
tune, he bad adieu to the Company of Wo-
men, preferring, as 'tis faid, that of Men,
which so provok'd the Bacchantes, they fell up-
on him, and tore him in Pieces. He is usu-
ally repreſented with a Lyre, a Lute, or Vio-
lin. Ovid. Metam. Hygin. Pauſan. Virg.
Buc. Hor.

ORSILOCHUS. See Crethron.

OSIREIS, Son of Jupiter and Niobe, and
Husband to Jo, whom he marry'd, when she
fled into Ægypt to avoid the Persecution of
Juno. The Egyptians worſhip'd her under va-
rious Names, as Apis, Serepis, Jo, &c.

Q3

OS

OS

PA

OSSA, one of the Mountains which the
Giants rear'd on one another to fcale Heaven.

OTUS. See Ephialtes.

OWL. See Aescalaphus.

OXEN. See Cadmus, Clitumuus, Hercules, Cacus, Apis, Europa.

P

PACTOLUS, a River of Lydia, whose
Sands were Gold, and the Waters a fo-
vereign Cure for all forts of Ills, to thofe that
bath'd therein; it rifes at the Foot of Mount
Tmolus. Plin. Strabo.

PALAMEDES, King of the Inland Eubæa. It was he that discover'd the Stratagem of Ulysses, who feign'd Madneſs to prevent his going to the Trojan War. He took Telemachus as yet in the Cradle, and laid him in the Furrow before the Plough which Ulyſſes drove; but Ulyſſes immediately ran to his Son, and ſav'd him from the Danger. Being at the Siege of Troy, Ulyſſes in Revenge conceal'd in the Tent of Palamedes a Sum of Money, which he ſaid had been ſtole from him, and caus'd him to be ſton'd. 'Tis thought, Palamedes invented the Game at Cheſs and Dice, during the Siege, as well as Weights and Meaſures.

PALÆMON, a Sea-god, Son of Athamas and Ino; the fame as Melicertus.

PALES, Goddeſs of Paſtures and Shep-
herds. Some think Cybele was meant by this
Name, as repreſenting the Earth, and who

was

P A

was anciently call'd *Pares*, from *Parere*, which
fignifies to produce ; others will have her to be
*Ceres*. Be it as it may, they honour'd her un-
der the Name of *Pales*, the Deity which pre-
fides over Flocks and Paftures.

PALILIA, Feafts in Honour of *Pales* ;
they sacrific'd to her burnt Wine, Millet, or
other Grains, and drove the Flocks round
the Altar, befeeching her to drive away the
Wolves.

PALINURUS, Pilot to the Ships of
Æneas, being asleep, he fell into the Sea with
the Helm, and, after swimming three Days, he
landed in *Italy*, where the Inhabitants kill'd
him, and threw his Body into the Sea. They
were punish'd by a dreadful Peftilence, which
ceas'd not till, in purfuance of the Oracle,
they had paid the laft Solemnities to *Palinurus*.
*Virgil. Æneid.*

PALICI, Twins, Sons of *Jupiter* and
*Thalia*. This Mufe finding herself with Child,
fear'd the Anger of *Juno*, and pray'd the
Earth to swallow her up; her Prayer was heard,
and she there brought forth two Boys, which
were call'd *Palici*, becaufe they were twice
born, firſt of *Thalia*, and again of the Earth.
'Tis faid, two Lakes, formidable to the wicked
and perjur'd, were form'd in the Place whence
they roſe. Others ſay, the Fires of Mount
Ætna then began to appear. The Sicilians fa-
crific'd to them as to Deities. *Ovid. Met.*
l. 5.

PALLADIUM. It was a Statue of
*Minerva*, which, by the Affiſtance of *Abaris*,
de-

P A

descended from Heaven at the Building
the Temple of that Goddeſs at Troy. She
plac'd herſelf on the Altar, holding a Lance in
her Hand, which he ſhook from time to time,
rowling her Eyes. The Oracle declar'd Troy
ſhould never be taken ſo long as this Statue
was not remov'd. The Greeks, having laid,
Siege to it, Diomede and Ulyſſes pafs'd through
the Vaults, carry'd it away, and ſoon after the
City was taken. Liv. l. 26. Virg. Æneid.

PALLANTUS, King of *Trezene*.  
*Theseus* flew him and all his Children, except  
a Daughter nam'd *Aricia*, and took Possession  
of the Kingdom.

PALLAS. See *Minerva*.

There was a young Prince of this Name,
Son of *Evander* King of *Italy*, with whom
Æneas made an Alliance. He was ſlain in this
Prince's Army in *Italy*. Æneas appear'd in-
conſolable at his Lofs.

PALM, or *Palm-tree*. See *Victory*.

BAN, Son of *Mercury*, God of the Coun-
try, and particularly of Shepherds. Being en-
amour'd of *Syrinx*, he purſu'd her to the River
*Ladon*, into the Arms of which ſhe threw her-
ſelf to preſerve her Virginity, and was chang'd
into a Reed, which this God cut, and where-
of he made the firſt Flute. He attended
*Bacchus* into *India*, and had by ſeveral Nymphs
the Satyrs. 'Tis ſaid, he was always in the
Country, playing night and Day on the Flute,
tending the Flocks. The Poets repreſent him
with a roſy Face, Horns on his Head, a
Breast

PA

Breast cover'd with Stars, and the lower part
of his Body refembling a Goat. Many con-
found him with the Gods *Sylvanus* and *Faunus*.
The Arcadians particularly honour'd him*
*Ovid. Met. Virg. Buc. Pausan. Hygin.*

PANATHENÆA. See *Quinquatria*.

PANDION, King of Athens.

PANDORA, a Woman which *Vulcan*
made. The Gods assembled to make her per-
fect, every one contributed some Qualification :
Venus gave her Beauty, Pallas Wisdom, Mer-
cury Eloquence, &c. Jupiter, enrag'd at Pro-
metheus, who stole Fire from Heaven to ani-
mate the first Men, sent Pandora to the Earth
with a Box wherein Evils of all Sorts were
confin'd. 'Tis said, that being enamour'd of
Epimetheus, Brother to Prometheus, she could
not refuse him the Satisfaction of opening it,
whence all the Evils influenced out, at the Bottom
of which Hope only remain'd.

PANDROSUS. See *Aglaura*.

PANOPE, one of the Nereids.

PAPHOS, a City of the Island Cyprus fa-
cred to Venus. This Goddeſs had there a mag-
nificent Temple.

PAPHUS, Son of Pigmalion.

PARCÆ, Daughters of Nox and Orcus.
They are three, viz. Clotho, Lachesis, and Atro-
pos. The Life of Men, whose Thread these
Sifters spun, is in their Hands. Clotho holds the
Diftaff, Lachesis turns the Spindle, Atropos cuts
the Thread with Sciffsars.

PARIS, or Alexander, Son of Priam and Hecuba. His Mother, being with Child of him,

con-

P A

confulted the Oracle, which anſwer'd, this
Son ſhould be the Caufe of his Country's Ruin.
Priam, to avoid this Danger, commanded one
of his Officers, nam'd Archelaus, to put this
Child to death as ſoon as it ſhould be born.
Archelaus, by the Order of Hecuba, and mov'd
with Compassion, gave it to the Shepherds of
Mount Ida to be brought up, and ſhew a dead
Infant in his room. The Shepherds made
him tend the Flocks. But this young Prince
busy'd himſelf in Affairs far above his Condi-
tion, being perfectly beautiful; he was alſo
greatly admir'd by the Nymphs. Jupiter chofe
him to decide the Dispute between Juno, Pal-
las and Venus, concerning the Apple, which
Discord had thrown upon the Table in the
Feaſt of the Gods at the Nuptials of Peleus and
Thetis, and to determine who was the moſt
beautiful. Paris, before whom theſe Goddeſ-
ſes appear'd, endeavouring to ſeduce them to
their Interest by the Force of Promiſes, gave
the Apple to Venus, who prefented herſelf
naked that ſhe might be ſeen in all her Beau-
ty, and merited by this Decision her Protection;
but he drew upon himſelf the Malice of Juno
and Pallas. He marry'd the Nymph Oenone,
who foretold him the Evils he ſhould one Day
caufe. When the Games were celebrated at
Troy he went thither, and enter'd the Lifts,
where he often carry'd the Viſtory from Hector,
his elder Brother, without knowing him. As
the whole Discourſe was concerning this Shep-
herd, Priam would ſee him, and after having
enquir'd concerning his Birth, he knew him to
be

PA

be his Son; and, not being able to check a fatherly Fondneſs, he receiv'd him, and plac'd him in the Rank which of right belong'd to him. They choſe him to go in Quality of Ambafdador to *Sparta*, to demand his Aunt *Hefione*, whom *Telamon* had carry'd away under the Reign of *Laomedon*. Being arriv'd, he became enamour'd of *Helena*, Wife of *Menelaus*, and carry'd her away. The Greeks assembled to revenge this Affront offer'd to *Menelaus*, laid Siege to *Troy*, after ten Years took the City, and ſack'd it. *Paris* was ſlain by *Pyrrhus*, and before his Death ſaw himſelf the ſole Caufe of his Country's Fall. When he was wounded, he caus'd himſelf to be carry'd to Mount *Ida* to *Oenone* to be cur'd, for ſhe had a perfect Knowledge of Phyſick; but *Oenone*, enrag'd at his having abandon'd her, receiv'd him with Contempt, and refus'd to cure him. This Prince died of his Wounds. *Homer.* *Iliad.* *Ovid.* *Met. Herod. Hygin. Nat. Com.*

**PARNASSUS**, a Mountain of *Phocis* sacrèd to the Mufes, upon which they fix'd their abode with *Apollo* at their Head.

**PARNASSIDES.** The Mufes were ſo call'd from Mount *Parnassus*, which they inhabited.

**PARTHENOPE**, one of the *Syrens*, who plung'd herſelf into the Sea, becauſe they could not charm *Ulyſes* by their Singing. *Parthenope* was drove a ſhore in *Italy*, and the Inhabitants, having found her Body, rais'd to her a Tomb. Afterward this City, where the Tomb was, being overturn'd, another more mag-

PA

PE

magnificent was there, but call'd *Naples*, or
the New City. *Ruæus in Virg. Geor.* l. 4.

PASIPHÆ, Daughter of Sol and Per-
seis, and Wife of Minos. *Venus* enrag'd againſt
Sol, becauſe he had ſurpriz'd her in Adul-
tery with Mars, inſpir'd Paſiphæ with a Paſſion
for a Bull. This Princeſs was enclos'd in a
Cow's Hide to profitute herſelf to this Beaſt,
and brought forth the Minotaur, a Monſter
half Man, half Bull. *Theseus* ſlew him in the
famous Labyrinth, which Minos had caus'd to
be made by Dædalus. *Hygin.* *Apollodor.*
*Ovid. Met.*

PATROCLUS, Son of Mænetius and Sthenela, one of the Grecian Princes which were at the Siege of Troy. The ſtrict Friendſhip with Achilles, which was not without Sufpicion of being diſhonourable to both, made a great Noife. During the Animoſities between Agamemnon and Achilles, Patroclus put himſelf at the Head of his Troops, and being array'd in the Arms and drefs of Achilles, who had retir'd into his Tent to avoid the Battle, ſcatfer'd Terror amongſt the Trojans, fought a famous Combat, in which he was ſlain by Hector Hand to Hand, which determin'd Achilles to take Arms, to revenge the Death of his Friend. See Hector. Hom. Iliad. Virg. Æneid. Ovid. Hygin.

PEACE, an allegorical Deity, Daughter of Jupiter and Themis; ſhe is repreſented with a ſmiling Air, holding in one Hand a small Statue of the God Plutus, and in the other a Handful of Corn, Rofes and Branches of Olive,

P E

Olive, with a half Crown of Laurel on her
Head.

PEGASUS, a wing'd Horſe which ſprung
from the Blood of Medusa, when Perseus ſtruck
off this Gorgon's Head. As he roſe he ſtruck
his Foot againſt the Earth, and caus'd the
Fountain call'd Hippocrene to ſpring forth. He
inhabited the Mountains Parnassus, Helicon and
Pierus, and fed on the Banks of Hippocrene,
Caſtalius and Permeſſus. Apollo and the Mufes,
to whom he was ſacred, us'd him to ride
upon. Perseus mounted him to go into
Egypt to deliver Andromeda. Bellerophon al-
so us'd him to fight the Chimæra. There
was another wing'd Horſe, which Neptune pro-
duc'd from the Earth, with a Stroke of his
Trident, in his Dispute with Minerva. Many
Authors confound one with the other. Apollod.
Hygin. Ovid. Nat. Com.

PELEUS, Son of Acastus and Atalanta,
Husband of Thetis, and King of Thrace.
Thetis became enamour'd of him, and had by
him Achilles.

PELIAS, Son of Neptune and Tyro. He
was fed by a Mare, and became the moſt
cruel of Men. He was not content to uſurp
the Throne of Æſon, but caus'd him to be
ſhut up, and gave him nothing to feed upon
but the Blood of Bulls. He ſacrific'd his Stepmo-
ther to Juno, and caus'd the Wife and Children
of Æſon to be murther'd. Jafon was preferv'd
from his Fury, and brought up secretly, who
afterwards ſent to demand his Kingdom; but
Pelias engag'd this young Prince to go and
fetch

P E

fetch the golden Fleece, hoping he would perish in the Attempt. Jafon return'd in Triumph with Medea, who punиш'd Pelias for all his Crimes, advifing his own Daughters to butcher him, making them hope she would restore him to Youth; theſe credulous Sifters flew him, and boil'd his Limbs in a Kettle, according to the Advice of Medea, but all in vain.

The Spear which Pallas prefented to Peleus, on the Day of his Nuptials, was call'd Pelias. There was none afterwards except Achilles, who could brandiſh it. Chiron made it of a Piece of Aſh cut from Mount Pelion.

PELION, one of the Mountains of Greece, which the Giants rais'd on Mount Offa to scale Heaven.

PELOPS. See Ægithus.

PELOPONESUS, a Kingdom of Greece, and whose Capital was Argos; it was so call'd from Pelops, who had Poffeffion of it.

PELOPS, (Son of Tantalus.) His Father, having one Day entertain'd the Gods, ſerv'd them with the Limbs of Pelops. Ceres in extream Hunger eat ſome of a Shoulder. But Ju-piter collected the Limbs to reanimate them, and thereto added a Shoulder of Ivory. Pelops having vanquiſh'd Oenomaus, marry'd his Daughter Hippodamia, and gave name to Pe-loponeſus, whereof he made himself Maſter. Ovid. Met. l. 5. Nat. Com. Heſiod. Herod. Antiq. de Mont.

PENATES, or LARES, were ſmall Statues representing Deities; they were plac'd in

P E E

in the Chimneys, where they were religiously
worshipp'd. The Families attributed the Pro-
sperity of domeskick Affairs to them.

PENEUS, a River of Theffaly, and Fa-
ther of Daphne.

PENELOPE, Daughter of Icarus, and
Wife of Ulysses. To free herself from the Im-
portunity of her Lovers, who attempted to
have seduced her whilst her Husband was
at Troy, she engag'd to marry him that should
bend a Bow which none but Ulysses had the
Art and Power to perform. But they still
pref'd her earneſtly, and she promis'd to de-
termine when she had perfected a Piece of Em-
broidery which she was working; but she un-
ravell'd in the Night what she had done in the
Day, and amus'd them by all forts of Contri-
vances till the Arrival of her Husband, who
ſlew them all. She is eſteem'd the moſt vir-
tuous Woman of Antiquity. Homer. Odyſſ.
Ovid. Ep. 1.

PENTHEUS, King of one Part of Greece.
He so deſpis'd the Gods, that inſtead of going
to compliment Bacchus, who paſs'd thro' his
Dominions, he order'd him to be brought
bound before him. Bacchus took the Form of
Acetus, one of his Pilots, and being in Prifon,
he went out unſeen, and inſpir'd ſuch a Fury
in the Royal Family, that they tore this Prince
in Pieces.

PENTHEA, a Queen, Daughter of Cad-
mus and Hermione.

R 2

PEN.

P E

PENTHESILEA, Queen of the Amazons, after having signalized her Valour, was slain before Troy.

PERDRIX. See *Acalus*.

PERGAMUS. Troy was so call'd, from one of its Towers call'd by this Name.

PERIBEA, Wife of Telamon. Alcathous, Father of this Princefs, having discover'd that Telamon had lain with her before her Marriage, commanded one of his Guards to caft her into the Sea, and Telamon fled. The Guard, touch'd with Compassion, instead of drowning, fold her; she was brought to Salamis, where she found Telamon, and brought forth Ajax. Some pretend it was to Thefeus she was fold, and that, being arriv'd at Salamis, this Prince, mov'd with the Tears of this unhappy Woman,復tor'd her to Telamon. Plutarch. Bayle. Diod.

PERICLIMENES, Son of Neleus. He receiv'd of Neptune his Grandfather the Power to transform himself into what Form he would. Hercules, finding him in the Form of an Eagle, (or, as some say, a Fly) flew him. Archelous, Crinifus, and Vertumnus had the fame Knowledge, and there is great Reafon to believe they are the same, of whom the Poets have spoke under different Names.

PERIMALE, Daughter of Hippodames. She was caft into the Sea, and chang'd into an Ifle, becaufe she return'd the Love of Archelous.

PERIPHAS, King of Athens, made himself so belov'd of his People, that he was ador'd

P E

ador'd like *Jupiter*, which so inrag'd the Father of the Gods, that he would have struck him with his Thunder, but *Apollo* interceded for him, and obtain'd, that he might be chang'd into an Eagle. *Jupiter* us'd him to ride upon thro' the Air.

PERIPHETUS, a Giant of Epidaurus, who flew Passengers, and fed upon human Flesh. Theseus engag'd, flew him, and scat- ter'd his Bones over the Country of Epidaurus.

PERISTERA. Cupid one Day laid a Wager with Venus, he gather'd most Flowers in an Hour. The Nymph Perifera appear'd immediately, and join'd Venus, which caus'd him to lofe. Cupid inrag'd, chang'd this Nymph into a Dove.

PERMESSUS, a River which takes it's Source from the Foot of Mount Helicon. Its Waters infpir'd the Spirit of Poetry, and are consecrated to the Muses and Apollo.

PERSEUS, Son of Jupiter and Danae. Acrifius, Father of Danae, having learnt from the Oracle, that he should fall by one of his Grandchildren, caus'd Danae his only Daugh- ter to be shut up in a brazen Tower, with a Resolution never to marry her. Jupiter became enamour'd of her, and defcended into the Tower in a Show'r of Gold. Acrifius, under- standing Danae to be with Child, caus'd her to be thrown into the Sea ; whence she eſcap'd, and retir'd to Polydeſtes, where she and her Son were entertain'd. Who, being grown up, ob- tain'd the Shield of Minerva, by the Help of which he perform'd many noble Actions. The

R 3

two

PH

two most celebrated are the cutting off Me-dusa's Head, whence sprung Pegasus; and af-terwards, mounted on this Horse, the Delivery of Andromeda from a Sea-Monster, to which she was expos'd. He chang'd this Monster into a Rock, by pre senting the Head of Me-dusa. At his Return Acrisius attempted to oppofe his Paflage, but he flew him; and, ha-ving learnt that this Acrisius was his Grandfa-ther, he banifh'd himfelf, and after his Death was plac'd among the Constellations.

PHAENA. One of the Graces was so call'd.

PHAETON, Son of Sol and Clymene, playing one Day with Epaphus, quarrell'd with him, who reproach'd him with not being the Son of Sol as he pretended. Phaeton en-rag'd, complain'd to Clymene his Mother, who advis'd him to viſit his Father to be convince'd. He enter'd the Palace of Sol, found him fit-ting on a Throne, where Gold and Diamonds ſparkled all around. Asoon as Apollo ſaw him, he laid aside his Rays, and ſware by Styx to grant what he ſhould demand to ſhew a Father's, Tenderneſs. The raſh Son ask'd the Guidance of his Chariot for a Day. Apollo, but in vian, us'd every Argument to diffuade him from this Enterprize; at laſt with Reluctance gave him the Reins, with all neceſsary In-tructions. Being mounted above the Horizon, the Horſes, unacquainted with their new Go-vernour, took Head and fet the World on fire. Jupiter, to prevent a total Confla-gration, ſtruck him with Thunder from his Chariot; he plung'd into the Po, and was there, drown'd.

PH

drown'd. His Sifters and Cicnus his Friend so
bewail'd his Death, that they were chang'd
into Poplars, and their Tears into Amber, and
Cicnus into a Swan. This Misfortune caus'd
such a Disorder in Heaven, that Jupiter was
oblig'd to rectify it. 'Tis faid, a whole Day
pafs'd without Sun. Ovid. Met. l. 2. Apol-
lod. Hygin. Natal. Comes.

PHAETHUSA. See Heliades.

PHASIS, a River of Colchis. See Æa.

PHASIS, a Prince of Colchos, of whom
Thetis became enamour'd. This Goddeſs, not
being able to oblige him to return her Paſſion,
chang'd him into a River; it runs thro' Col-
chis, but mingles not its Waters with thofe of
the *Black Sea*, into which it is empty'd.

PHAEDRA, Daughter of Minos and
Pasiphaë. Theseus carry'd her away, and mar-
ry'd her. This Princeſs had ſo violent a Paſſion
for Hippolitus, Son of Theseus and Antiope, Queen
of the Amazons, that ſhe attempted to force
him to Compliance. The Prince was unmov'd,
but ſhe, having ſeiz'd his Sword, accus'd him to
his Father of having attempted her Honour,
which ſo incens'd Theseus, that he deliver'd this
unhappy Son to the Fury of Neptune. Hippo-
litus being enter'd on his Exile, a Monster ſtar-
ted from the Shore, and frighted his Horſes,
which dragg'd him over the Rocks, where the
Chariot broke, and this ill fated Prince perifh'd.
Phædra confefſs'd his Innocence by ſtabbing
herself. Bellerophon, Phænix, Phryxus, and
several others were accus'd in like Manner.

PHILEMON. See Baucis.

PHI

PH

PHILETHO. See *Hyades*.

PHILLYRA, Daughter of Oceanus. She was greatly beloved by Saturn. Rhea having surprized them together, Saturn changed her into a Mare to fly more swiftly; and Phillyra was so enam'd, that she wander'd over the Mountains, where she brought forth the Centaur Chiron. She was struck with such Horror at bringing forth this Monster, that she defir'd to be changed into a Linden-Tree.

PHILOCTETES, Son of the God Pan, and Companion of Hercules. This Hero obliged him never to discover the Place of his Burial, and made him a Present of his Arms dipt in the Blood of Hydra. The Greeks having learnt from the Oracle, that Troy could never be taken without the Arrows of Hercules, Philometetes, not to be perjur'd, struck with his Foot the Place of the Tomb where they were enclos'd; but he did not let's violate his Oath, and, as a Punishment, he received a dangerous Wound at the Siege of Troy, whereof Machaon cur'd him. 'Tis said, he bore a great Part in the Death of Paris, who was of the Number of those, on whose Life the Fate of Troy depended; and that, having refused to go, Ulysses fetch'd him, and forced him away with him. Soph. Ovid. Metamorph. Virgil. Æneid.

PHILOMELA, Daughter of Pandion, King of Athens. Tereus became so enamour'd of her, that he ravish'd her, afterwards cut out her Tongue, and confined her; Philomela wrote in Embroidery all that Tereus had done to her, and sent it to Procne her Sifter, Wife of Tereus. Procne

PH

Procne came at the Head of a Troop of Women, on the Day the Orgia were celebrated, to deliver Philomela from Prifon, and afterwards at a Banquet serv'd Tereus with his own Son Itys. When he had eat heartily, she prefented him the Head. The Prince, offering to purfue his Wife to murder her, was chang'd into a Hawk, Procne into a Swallow, Philomela into a Nightingale. Such Banquets are to be found in Atreus, Pelops and Arcas. Virg. Ovid. Met. Hygin.

PHILONOE, Daughter of Jabates, and
Wife of Bellerophon.

PHINEAS, King of Paphlagonia, Son of Agenor, and Husband of Cleopatra, Daugh- ter of Boreas, by whom he had two Sons. Having divorc'd her, he marry'd another Wife, with whom his two former Sons were accus'd of having committed Inceft, and were condemn'd to die. But Boreas reveng'd the Innocence of his Grandfons, in tearing out the Eyes of Phineas, who obtain'd as a Confola- tion the Knowledge of Futurity. He receiv'd Œneus into his Dominions, and Juno with Nep- tune sent the Harpies, which with their Filth tainted the Meat on his Table, which conti- nu'd till Zetes and Calais came and chas'd them away. Ruæus in Virg. Æneid. l. 5. Apollod.

There was another Phineus, King of Thrace, whom Perseus chang'd into a Stone, with all his Companions, by shewing them the Head of Medusa, becaufe this King would have marry'd Andromeda, promis'd to Perseus. Ovid. Met.

PHLE-

P H

PHLEGETHON, a River of Hell,
whose Waters are always boiling.

PHLEGON, a Name of one of the four
HorSES of the Sun.

PHLEGIAS, Son of Mars, King of the
*Lapiithæ*, and Father of JASON. Being inform'd
that *Apollo* had defil'd his Daughter *Coronis*,
he attempted to set fire to the Temple of that
God, who kill'd him with his Arrows, and
cast him into Hell, where he was condemn'd
to dwell eternally under a pond'rous Rock,
which, appearing always ready to fall, kept him
in continual Terror.

PHOEBE, or *Diana*. See *Diana*.

PHOEBES, Priests of Apollo.

PHOEBUS, or Apollo. See Apollo.

PHOENIX, Son of *Amyntor*, being false
accus'd by a Concubine of his Father, to have
attempted her Honour; his Eyes were order'd
to be tore out, but *Chiron* the Centaur cur'd
him, and plac'd him under the Conduct of
*Achilles*, with whom he went to the Siege of
*Troy*; at length *Peleus* re-establish'd him on his
Throne.

PHOENIX, a Bird most beautifully
plum'd, and which some People look'd on as the
King of Birds. 'Tis said, there is but one of
the Species, and that being burnt by the Rays
of the Sun in her Neft, which she prepares be-
fore her Death, another rifes from her Aches.

PHORBAS, a famous Robber, whom
*Apollo* kill'd with a Stroke of his Fifts.

PHRY-

PH

PHRYGIA, a Kingdom of Asia, call'd
so from the River Phrygis.

PHRYGIS, a River of Asia, which runs
thro' all Troas.

PHRYXUS, Son of Athamas, and Bro-
ther of Helle. Whilft he was with his Sifter at
the Court of Creteus, King of Colchos, their
Uncle, Demodicea, Wife of Creteus, entreated
Phryxus to lye with her ; but, feeing herfelf de-
ſpis'd, ſhe accus'd him of having attempted her
Honour. Whereupon a Plague ſwept the Coun-
try, and the Oracle being confulted, anſwer'd,
that the Gods would be appeas'd by ſacrificing
the two laſt Perſons of the Royal Family. As this
Oracle regarded Phryxus and Helle, they were ac-
cordingly condemn'd to be ſacrific'd, but in a
Moment wrapp'd up in a Cloud, whence iſu'd a
Ram that bore them both thro' the Air, and took
the Rout to Colchos. In paſſing the Sea, Helle
frighted with the Noife of the Waves, fell, and
was drown'd in that Place, which is ſince call'd
the Helleſpont. Phryxus, being arriv'd at Colchos,
there ſacrific'd his Ram to Jupiter, took its
Fleece, which was Gold, and hung it at a Tree
in a Foreft, ſacred to the God Mars, and caus'd
it to be kept by a Dragon, which devour'd
all thofe who attempted to carry it away. Mars
was ſo pleas'd with this ſacrifice, that he de-
termin'd thofe who poffeſs'd this Fleece ſhould
live in Affluence ſo long as they preferv'd it, and
nevertheleſs it was permitted any Perſon to
attempt to carry it off. This is according to
the Fable of that famous golden Fleece, which

Ja-

PH

Jasón, attended by the Argonauts, carry'd away
by the Aid of Medea. See Jasón. 'Tis said,
this Ram was plac'd among the twelve Signs
of the Zodiac, and obtain'd the firſt Place.
The Latins call him Aries. Hygin. Pauſan.
Nat. Com. Ovid. Virg.

PHYLAMON. See Chione.

PHYLANDER. See Acalis.

PHYLLIS, Daughter of Lycurgus, King
of Thrace, having granted the last Favours to
Demophoon, Son to Theseus, (on Condition he
marry'd her at his Return from Crete) feeing
her Lover tardy, the hang'd herself, and was
chang'd into an Almond-Tree. Demophoon at
his Return embrac'd the Tree, which, fenſible
of his Careſſes, budded afresh.

PIERIDES, Daughters of Pierius, having
challeng'd the Mufes to ſing, were chang'd by
theſe Goddeſſes into Pies.

'This Name is likewife given to the Mufes,
from Mount Pierius, where they abode.

PIERIUS, a Mountain of Theſſaly, ſa-
cred to the Mufes.

PIERIUS, Father of Linus, a famous
Poet, who gave his Name to Mount Pierius,
where he kept his Abode.

PIETAS, an Heathen Goddeſs. She her-
felf preſided over the Worſhip paid her,
the Duty of Children towards their Parents,
and the Tenderneſs of Parents over their Chil-
dren.

PILLARS, of Hercules. See Hercules,
Abyla.

PI

PIN

P I

PINDUS, a Mountain of Theffaly, sacrèd
to the Muses.

PINE. See Pan, Euterpe, Mercury and
Argus.

PIRITHOUS, Son of Ixion, having
heard Wonders of Theseus, ftole from him a
Herd to oblige him to purfue him, which The-
feus fail'd not to do; they conceiv'd in the
Combat fuch a Value for each other, that they
bound themſelves by a Vow never to part.
Theseus affifted Pirithous againſt the Centaurs,
who attempted to carry off Hippodamia, and
Pirithous affifted Theseus to carry away Helen.
He went down to Hell to ravifh Proſerpine,
but was devour'd by the Dog Cerberus; and
Theseus, who accompany'd him to affift,
was chain'd by the Order of Pluto, till Hercu-
les came and deliver'd him.

PISCES, one of the twelve Signs of the
Zodiac; they are thofe who carry'd Venus and
Cupid over the Euphrates, when ſhe fled the
Addreffes of Typhon or Typhæus. Others affirm
them to be the Dolphins, which carry'd Amphi-
trite and Neptune, and that in Return this God
obtain'd for them from Jupiter, a Place in
the Zodiac.

PITTHEUS, the wifeft of Men. He
taught Rhetorick and the Sciences to Hippoli-
tus, Son of Theseus.

PITYS, a young Maid, who was greatly
belov'd by Boreas and Pan. The latter, ob-
ferving ſhe had more Inclination for Boreas,
threw her againſt a Rock; but ſhe was chang'd

S

into

PL

PO

into a Pine, with the Branches of which he
always crown'd himself.

PLEIADES, Daughters of Pleione and Atlas, who were chang'd into Stars, and plac'd in the Bull's Breast, becaufe their Father would have discover'd the Secret of the Gods in Heaven. They were seven, viz. Aleyone, Cylleno, Electra, Maia, Afterope, Merope, and Taygeta.

PLEIONE, Wife of Atlas.

PLUNGEON. See Ægipius.

PLUTO, God of Hell, Son of Saturn and Rhea. When Jupiter had dethron'd Saturn, he gave him Hell in the Divifion. This God was so black and deform'd, that he could not find a Wife, which determin'd him to carry away Proserpine, when she went to draw Water in the Fountain of Arethusa in Sicily. He is represented with Keys in his Hand, on a Chariot drawn by black Horses. He made his ordinary Abode in Hell, and defir'd, as 'tis faid, the Death of all the World to people his Kingdom.

PLUTUS, God of Riches, Minifter of Pluto, and Son of Ceres and Fasion. Theocritus and Aristophanes fay, he is blind. 'Tis faid, he limp'd when he came to Men, but wing'd away from them. His pleafure was to diftribute his Favours by Caprice, and not by Merit.

PO, a River in Italy, call'd otherwife Vir-danus.

PODARGA, a famous Harpy, of whom Zephyrus became enamour'd.

PON-

P O

PONYARD. See Melpomene, Calirrhoe,
Discord, and Dido.

POLLUX. See Caestor.

POLYBIUS. See Oedipus.

POLYDAMAS, a famous Wreftler, who
frangled a Lyon on Mount Olympus. He lift-
ed with his Hand the moſt furious Bull, and
ſtay'd a Coach in its full Career, tho' drawn by
the ſtrongest Horſes. He was cruſh'd under a
Rock, which he boafted he could bear.

POLYDUS, a Prophet, according to ſome,
and Phyſician, according to others; he rais'd
Glaucus Son of Hippolitus. We need not be
ſurpriz'd, that many confound him with Æſcu-
lapius; for when a Phyſician was diſtinguifh'd
in his Proſeſſion, he was compar'd with Æſcu-
lapius, and often retain'd the Name.

POLYDECTES, Grandson of Neptune,
and King of the Cyclades; he entertain'd
Danae, who was expos'd to the Sea, and caus'd
Perſeus, Son of Jupiter and this Princeſs, to be
brought up. Perſeus being grown up, Poly-
deſtes engag'd him to go and fight againſt the
Gorgons, that he might enjoy with more Free-
dom Danae his Mother, whom he lov'd.

POLYDORE, Son of Priam and He-
cuba, was committed to Polymneſtor, who
murther'd him after the Fall of Troy, to obtain
his Riches.

POLYHYMNIA, one of the nine Mu-
fes, prefided over Rhetoric. She is ufually
repréfented with a Crown of Pearls cloth'd in
white, the right Hand always in Action, as

tho'

S 2

PO

tho' she was pleading, and holding a Scepter
in the Left.

POLYMNESTOR, King of Thrace,
the most covetous and cruel of Men. Whose
Eyes Hecuba caus'd to be tore out, becaufe
he had murther'd her Son.

POLYNICES. See Eteocles.

POLYPHÆMON, the fame as Cinnis.

POLYPHEMUS, Son of Neptune, a
Cyclops of vaft Stature, who had only one Eye
in the midft of his Forehead, and fed only on
human Flesh. *Ulysses* being wreck'd in the Ifle
of this Giant, he fhut him up with all his
Companions, and his Flocks of Sheep, in his
Cave to devour them. But *Ulysses*, amufing him
with a Recital of the Siege of Troy, made him
drink so much, that he was intoxicated; when,
with the Affiftance of his Companions, he
fcoup'd out his Eye with a pointed Brand.
The Cyclops, feeling the Wound, ſent forth
moſt hideous Cries; all his Neighbours ran
forth to know what had happen'd, and, when
they ask'd who was the Perſon that wounded
him, he anſwer'd, No-body; (for *Ulysses* had told
him, *O children that* was his Name) they then re-
turn'd, thinking he had been diftraſted. In the
mean time, *Ulysses* order'd his Companions to
tye themſelves under the Sheep, Belly to Belly,
that they might not be ſtopp'd by the Giant,
when he ſhould let out his Flocks to Paſture.
It came to pafs, as he had foreſeen; for *Poly-
phemus*, having taken away a Stone which a hun-
dred Men could not move, that clos'd the Mouth
of the Cave, plac'd himſelf in ſuch a Manner,
that

P O

that the Sheep could pafs but one by one be-
tween his Legs; and when he understood Ulyſes
and his Companions had eſcap'd, he purſu'd
them, and threw Rocks of enormous Size at
random amongſt them, but they eſcap'd with
Eafe, and embark'd in the Remnant of their
Ships, with the Loſs only of four, whom the Gi-
ant had devour'd. Polyphemus paſſionately lov'd
Galatea, and cruſh'd Acis to pieces, whom this
Nymph had preferr'd to him. Hom. Odyſſ.
Ovid. Metam.

POLYXENA, Daughter of Priam and Hecuba. When they were affembled in the Temple, to celebrate her Marriage with Achilles, Paris flew Achilles, and Pyrrhus sacrific'd this Princeſs on his Father's Tomb.

POLYXO, Priestefs of Apollo; ſhe incou-
rag'd the Women of Lemnos to murder their
Husbands, becauſe they had brought with them
Thracian Women. Also, one of the Hyades.

POMONA, Goddeſs of Fruits and Au-
tumn; Vertumnus became enamour'd of her.
See Vertumnus.

POPPET, a ridiculous Image, with a Face
before and behind, on the Head of a ſmall
Stick, which thofe carry'd who counterfeited
Madneſs. One is uſually put in the Hands of
Momus.

PORPHRION, a famous Giant, Bro-
ther of Alcyon.

POVERTY, an allegorical Deity, Daugh-
ter of Luxury and Idleneſs, or Sloth. Some ſay,
ſhe was the Mother of Industry and the liberal
Arts. She is repreſented with a pale Air, mean-

S 3

ly

PR

ly clad, and sometimes like a Fury, famiſh'd,
fierce and deſpairing.

PRIAM, King of Troy, Son of Laomedon,
was carry'd into Greece with Hefione his Sifter,
when Hercules overthrew the Kingdom of Troy;
but he was ransom'd, and rebuilt the Walls
of that City. He marry'd Hecuba, by whom
he had many Sons and Daughters. He made
his Empire the moſt flourishing in the World.
Paris, one of his Sons, having carry'd away
Helen, the Grecians beſieg'd Troy, and, after a
ten Years Siege, ſack'd the City. Pyrrhus flew
Priam at the Foot of an Altar, which he em-
brac'd. This unhappy Father ſaw his own,
and his whole Family's Fall, by his too great
Tenderneſs to his Children, and having too
blindly pleas'd them. Hom. Iliad. Soph.
Euripid. Virg. Æn. Ovid.

PRIAPUS, God of Gardens, Son of Bacchus and Venus. He was born with the Parts of an enormous Size, which proceeded from an Enchantment of Juno, to revenge herself on Venus, whom she mortally hated. The Women, notwithstanding his Deformity, lov'd him greatly, but the Husbands banish'd him; he inspir'd them with ſuch Tenderneſs, that they came and profituted themſelves to him. This God prefided over all forts of Debauchery, and had the Care of Orchards. He was always represented naked, with his Beard and Hair very much neglected, with a Sickle in one Hand, and the other in an immodest Poſture. Voffius de Hift. Grac. l. 24. Hygin. Nat. Com.

PRO-

PR

PROCLUS, King of Argos. See Bellerophon.

PROCRIS. See Cephalus.

PROCUSTES, a famous Robber, whom Theseus engag'd, and flew on the Spot.

PROETUS, Son of Abas, King of Argoes, condemn'd Bellerophon to fight the Chimæra, becaufe Sthenobea had accus'd this young Prince of attempting her Honour. He was almost continually in War with his Brother Acrifius. These two Brothers hated each other with a deadly Hate from their Mother's Womb; he had several Daughters call'd Prætides, who dar'd to vie with funo for Beauty; but this Goddeſs inſpir'd them with Madneſs, ſo that they wander'd thro' the Fields, and fancy'd themſelves Cows. See the fame Pride in Caffiope and others.

PROGNE. See Philomela.

PROMETHEUS, Son of Japetus, and the Nymph Asia. It was he who form'd the first Men of Water and Clay, ascended to Heaven by the Aſſistance of Minerva, and thence gothe Fire to inſpire them with Life. Jupiter, incens'd at the Theft of this Mortal, commanded Vulcan to chain him to Mount Caucasus, where a Vultur devour'd his Liver as it grew. This Puniſhment continu'd till Hercules deliver'd him from it. Ovid. Met. l. 1. Horat.

PROPÆTIDES, Nymphs who maintain'd, that Venus was no Goddeſs. To puniſh them, ſhe kindled ſuch a Fire of Immodeſty in their Breaſts, that they profituted themſelves to all

Man-

PR

Mankind, till they became infensible, and
were chang'd into Rocks.

PROSA, a Pagan Goddeſs, very little
known; 'tis faid, ſhe prefided over Labours,
to make the Child come forth ſtraight; for
Proſa, a very antient Latin Word, signifies
ſtraight; thence comes Proſe, in Latin, recta
Oratio, a connected Discourse, oppoſite to Po-
etry, in Latin Verſa Oratio, a discontinued Dif-
course, whence comes the Word Verſe.

PROSERPINE, Daughter of Jupiter
and Ceres, as ſhe was gathering Flowers in
the Country of Ænea, Pluto, notwithstanding
the vigorous Oppofition of Cyane, carry'd her
away. Ceres fought her over all the World,
and at laſt went down into Hell, and found her
there; but, being already deeply engag'd with
Pluto, ſhe would not depart. See Ceres. She
is commonly repreſented on the Side of Pluto,
in a Chariot drawn by black Horſes. Ovid.
Met. l. 5. Claud. de Rapt. Proſerpin. Voffius
de Idol.

PROTEUS, Son of Oceanus and Thetis.
At his Birth, he receiv'd a Knowledge of Fu-
turity, which he would never diſcover, but on
Conſtraint. He had likewife a Power to change
his Body, and take all the Shapes he pleas'd.
He appear'd as a Ghoſt to Tmolus and Telego-
nus, his Sons, Giants of unheard of Cruelty,
and frighted them ſo, that they left off their
Barbarity. Virg. Geog. l. 4. Ovid. Met.
l. 8.

PROTESILAUS, Son of Iphiclus, King
of one Part of Epyrus. He marry'd Laodamia,
by

PR

PY

by whom he was so passionately beloved, that she
caused a statue of him to be made in Wax, and
laid it with her in Bed. The Oracle had told him
he should die at the Siege of Troy; but, not-
withstanding this Prediction, he would go, and
was slain. *Hom. Iliad. Metam. l. 12. Propert.*
*Catul. Aufon. Hygin.*

PRUDENCE, an allegorical Deity, who
is represented holding a Mirror, twisted round
with a Serpent.

PSYCHE, a young Prince's, and Sifter to
two others. Cupid became enamour'd of her,
and caused her to be carried by Zephyrus into
a Place of Delight, where she dwelt a long
Time with his God, without knowing him. At
last, being a long Time follicited to discover
himself, he consented, and vanish'd. Venus jea-
lous, because she had seduced her Son, perfec-
ted her to Death. Jupiter restored her to Life,
and, in Favour of Cupid, gave her Immortality.
The two Lovers rioted in Pleasures to expeſs.
She is represented with a Butterfly, always
playing around her. The Antients eſteem'd her
to be the Goddeſs of Pleasure. Apulleus's Gol-
den Aſs. Fulgent. Spon. de Antiqu. Fontaine's Pſyche.

PUGILATUS. See Pythian Games,
a fort of Exercise in which two Men naked,
besmear'd with Oyl, graſp'd each other, and
ſtrove to give each other the Fall.

PYGMALION, King of Tyre. He flew
*Sichæus*, Daughter to *Dido*, who fled into
*Africa* with all her Treasures, and there founded
the City *Carthage*. There was another *Pyg-
malion*, a famous Carver, who became so ena-
mour'd

P Y

mour'd of a Statue of Venus he had made, that
he took it to Bed with him. He begg'd of Venus
earneſtly to animate this Statue; the God-
defs heard his Requeſt, and he had by it Pa-
phus.

P.Y.GMIES, People of Lybia; they were
only a Span high; there Lives were about
eight Years, the Women bore Children at five,
and hid them in Holes, Jeast the Cranes, with
whom this Nation wag'd continual Wars, ſhould
carry them away. They dar'd to attack Her-
cules, who had ſlain their King Antæus. Hav-
ing found him aſleep one Day in the open Road,
they iffu'd from the Sands of Lybia, and co-
ver'd him like a ſwarm of Ants, till he awoke,
when he ſhut them up in his Lyon's Skin, and
carry'd them to Euriftheus.

PYLADES, Friend to Oreſtes, who ne-
ver forſook him in all his Misfortunes.

PYRACMON, one of Vulcan's Forge-
men, who was always at the Anvil.

PYRAMUS, a Lover of Thisbe; a deadly
Hatred prevailing between their Parents, they
fix'd a Place to meet at, that they might de-
part together to ſome far diſtant Country.
Thisbe came firſt to the appointed Place, and
perceiving a Lioneſs, whose Chaps were be-
ſmear'd with Blood, ſhe fled, and dropt her
Veil, which the Lioneſs tore and ſtain'd with
Blood. Pyramus, being arriv'd, took up the Veil,
and thinking Thisbe was tore in Pieces, kill'd
himſelf in Deſpair on the Spot. Thisbe return'd
immediately, and found Pyramus expiring, and
underſtanding the fatal Caufe, ſhe also ſtabb'd
her

PY

 herself with the fame Sword. The Berries of
the Mulberry-Tree, under which this unhap-
py Scene was acted, became black from white;
*Ovid. Met. l. 4. Hygin.*

PYRENÆUS, King of Thrace, having
one Day shut up the Muses, who stopped there
as they return'd to Parnassus, he refused to let
them depart, having a Design to ravish them;
but they put on Wings and flew away. Pyreneus
mounted a high Tower, whence he threw
himself into the Air, hoping to fly after them,
but he fell and broke his Neck. The Chain
of Mountains which divide France and Spain
are call'd Pyrenées.

PYROEIS, one of the four HorSES of
the Sun.

PYRRHA. See Deucalion.

PYRRHUS, Son of Achilles and Deidamia. This Prince distinguished himself greatly at the Siege of Troy by his Cruelty, he sacrificed Polyxina on the Tomb of Achilles, flew Priam at the Foot of an Altar, carry'd Andromache and Aftyanax into Epirus. Some believe he caused Aftyanax to be thrown from the Top of a Tower, and that, being arrived in Epirus, he marry'd Andromache. Hermione his Wife transported with Jealousy, communicated her Uneasiness to Oreftes, by whom she was greatly beloved, and promised to give herself up to him, if he would murder Pyrrhus. Oreftes committed this Crime in a Temple, even in the Time of Worship. Euripid. Ovid. Servius in Æneid.

PYTHIA. See Games.

PY

PY

QU

PYTHON, a Serpent of a vaft Bulk,
which the Earth, after the Deluge of Deucalion,
produc'd from its Mud. Juno sent it against
Latona, a Mistrels of Jupiter's, who, to eſcape
it, was forc'd to throw herſelf into the Sea,
where Neptune caus'd the Inſland Delos to appear,
which ſerv'd for a Retreat to this Goddeſs.
She there brought forth Apollo and Diana.
Apollo with his Arrows afterwards flew this
Monſter, in Memory of which, he conſtituted
the Pythian Games. He plac'd the Skin of
this Animal on that Tripod, where he, his
Prieſts, and Prieſteſſes ſat to give Oracles.
Metam. Nat. Com.

PYTHONISSA, Prieſteſs of Apollo,
who gave Oracles in the Temple of this God;
ſhe was feated on a Tripod cover'd with the
Skin of the Serpent Hydra. When ſhe was
about to foretel what was to happen, ſhe was
poſſeſs'd with Madneſs, ſpoke with a hoarſe,
rough, inarticulate Voice, enter'd into fran-
tick Emotions, and call'd forth as ſhe pleas'd
the Manes of the Dead. Hygin. Pauſan.

Q

QUERQUETULARES, Nymphs who
prefided over the Falling of Oaks. They
were ſo call'd from the Latin Word Quercus,
which ſignifies an Oak. They were also call'd
Dryades, and Hamadryades.

QUIETALIS. Pluto was so call'd from
the Latin Word Quies, which ſignifies Reſt,
becaufe Pluto only reigns over the Dead.

QUIN-

QU

RE

QUINQUATRIA, Feafts celebrated at *Rome* in honour of *Pallas*; they continu'd five Days, during which Time Combats were fought, and all forts of Rejoycings made. Thofe who ftudy'd Arts and fciences, labour'd not during the feafon, and gave their Mafters a Prefent, call'd Minerval. Tragedies were acted, and Disputes were held between Philofophers, Poets, and Orators, where the Victor receiv'd a Reward. There were alfo Feafts of the fame Nature amongst the Grecians, call'd *Panathenæa*, in Imitation of which, the Romans instituted theirs. They always began the 15th of the Calends of *April*, or on the 18th of *March*.

QUIRINAL, a small Mountain in the Circuit of Rome, so call'd from *Quirinus*, a surname of *Romulus*, who had there a Temple.

QUIRINALIA, Feafts which the Romans celebrated in Honour of *Romulus*, fur-nam'd *Quirinus*.

QUIRINUS, a surname of *Romulus*; see *Herfilia*.

QUIVER. See Diana, Cupid, Califtho, Aftæon, Arcas, Orion, Hyppolitus, Hercules, Chiron, Meleager, Amazons, and Atalanta.

R

RAMS. See *Aries*.

RAPE. See *Proserpine*, *Orithia*, *Ce-phalus*, *Ganimede*, *Helen*, *Ariadne*, and *Sabins*.

REEDS. Midas's Barber, as he ftiav'd him, having discover'd his Afs's Ears, had a great

T

Defire

RA

Desire to tell it fome body, but fear'd to be pu-
nifh'd; wherefore, to eafe himfelf of this Load,
he made a Hole in the Ground, where he related
the Adventure of this King, then cover'd the
Hole and departed. Soon after Reeds grew
upon this Place, which, being mov'd by the
Wind, discover'd to the whole World, that
Midas had Afs's Ears.

RATS. See *Crinis*.

RAZOR. See Occafio.

REIGN of Saturn. See Alfe.

REMUS, Brother of Romulus; see Romulus. Some pretend, that he, not being able to agree with his Brother, banifh'd himfelf, and pafs'd Gaul, where he founded the City Rheims. Others fay, that his Brother flew him, to make himfelf ſole Maſter of Latium.

RHADAMANTHUS, King of Lycia, ſon of Jupiter and Europa; he was appointed by the Oracle to be Judge in Hell with Æacus and Minos; 'tis ſaid, this Prince render'd his ſubjects ſo happy during his Reign, that they deify'd him after his Death.

RHAMNUSIA. Nemeſis was ſo call'd, be-
caufe ſhe was particularly honour'd at Rham-
nus, a Town of Attica.

RHEA Sylvia. See Sylvia.

RHEA. See Cybele.

RHESUS, King of Thrace. The Gods
had fix'd part of the Deſtiny of Troy on the
Head of this Prince. He brought Aſſiſtance
to Priam, and ſoon after he was ſlain in Battle,
the City was taken.

RHO-

RH

RH

RO

RHODOPE, a famous Mountain in Theſ-
faly.

There was a Woman of this Name. See
Æmus or Hæmus.

RICHES, a poetical Deity, Daughter of
Labour and Frugality; she is represented under
the Form of a Woman, proudly drefs'd, co-
ver'd with precious Stones, holding in her
Hands a Horn, call'd the Horn of Plenty.

RIVERS of Hell. There were five prin-
cipal Ones, to wit, Acheron, Styx, Lethe, Co-
cytus, and Phlegethon, some likewife reckon
Erebas.

ROBE, poyſon'd, ſee Creuſa and Glauce;
interſpers'd with ſtars, ſee Death; Black, ſee
Nox.

ROD. See Mercury, Bellona, and Cadu-
ceus.

ROMULUS, Son of Mars and Rhea
Sylvia, Queen of Alba. He was born with
Remus, and these two Princes were fuckled by
a Wolf. When they were grown up, Romu-
lus bid Defiance to his Brother, and feiz'd all
the Country about Mount Aventine, where he
founded the City Rome. He soon became formi-
dable to his Neighbours; but wanting Women
to people his Kingdom, which his Neighbours
would not supply him with, he celebrated
Games, to which he invited the Sabins, who
flock'd thither both Men and Women in great
Abundance. Romulus gave the signal, and
immediately his ſoldiers feiz'd the Women,
and carry'd them away. Romulus took Her-
filia, Daughter of Tatius, who declar'd War

T 2

againſt

RU

SA

against him. But *Herfilia*, by marrying *Romulus*, moderated between the two Princes in such a Manner, that the Romans and the Sabins for the Future made only one People. 'Tis said, *Mars* took *Romulus* up to Heaven.

RUTULI, People of Italy.

S

SABINS, People of Italy, who being invited to Games, which *Romulus* celebrated, their Women were carry'd away by the Romans, who had none of their own. See *Romulus*.

SACRIFICE. See *Iphigenia*, *Idomeneus*, *Callirrhoe*, *Dido*, *Hercules*.

SAFFRON. See *Crocus*.

SAGITTARIUS, one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiac. See *Chiron*.

SALII, Priests of the God *Mars*. They were twelve, and celebrated their Feasts by Dancing and Gambolling thro' the Streets. They had their Names from *Salire*, which signifies to leap.

SALMACIS. See *Hermaphrodite*.

SALMONEUS, King of *Elis*; he was crush'd to Pieces by *Jupiter*, becaufe he arrogated to himfelf divine Honours.

SAMOS, an Isle in the *Leffer Asia*.

SANGARIS, a Nymph. See *Atys*.

SARPEDON, King of *Lycia*, Son of *Jupiter* and *Laodamia*, Daughter of *Bellerophon*. He diftinguifh'd himfelf at the Sege of *Trov*.

H:

SA

He brought Relief to *Priam*, and was slain by *Patroclus*. The Trojans, by the Command of *Jupiter*, having burnt his Body, carefully preserved the Arms. *Hom. Iliad*.

SATURNALIA, Feasts in Honour of Saturn; during the Celebration of which, every one enjoy'd a perfect Liberty; and, to take away all Appearance of Servitude, the Slaves sat at the same Table with their Masters.

SATURNUS, call'd otherwife *Time*, Son of *Cælum* and *Terra*, and Husband to *Rhea*, not willing to suffer other Heirs but himself and *Titan* his Brother, with a Sickle cut off his Father's Privities, and cast them into the Sea, which, mingling with the Foam, gave Birth to *Venus*. The Thirst he had for Empire, caus'd him to take the Crown from his elder Brother *Titan*, on Condition he brought up no male Issue, but devour'd them as soon as they were born. But *Rhea* found Means to fave *Jupiter*, *Neptune* and *Pluto* from his Cruelty, as is mention'd under *Jupiter*. *Titan* understanding that his Brother, in open Breach of Faith, had male Children, arm'd against him, and made him his Prisoner. *Jupiter* being grown up, deliver'd his Father, and re-establish'd him on the Throne; but afterwards depos'd him, because this ungrateful Father laid Snares to destroy him, fearing he should one Day de-throne him again. *Saturn* fled into *Italy*, where *Janus*, King of the Country, receiv'd him with great Humanity. It was there he taught Men Agriculture; and the Time of his Reign was call'd the Golden Age, because he maintain'd an

T 3

exact

SA

SC

ex &t Equality amongft Mankind. Being ena-
mour'd with *Phillyra*, he chang'd himſelf into a
Horſe, to eſcape the Reproaches of *Rhea*, who
ſurpriz'd him with this Nymph, and by whom
he had *Chiron*. He is repreſented in the Form
of an old Man with a Scythe, to denote that
Time deſtroys every Thing ; or of a Serpent
with the Tail in its Mouth, as returning from
whence it began, to exprefs the eternal Round
and Viciffitudes of the World; fometimes he
holds an Hour-Glaſs, or Oar, to ſhow the fame
Change. *Lucian's Saturn.* *Ovid.* *Hygin.* *Nat.*
*Com. Cartari, &c.*

SATYRS, horn'd Monſters, half Men,
half Goats; they inhabited the Foreſts and
Mountains; and were alſo call'd *Fauni* and
*Sylvani*.

SCAMANDER, Son of *Jupiter* and *Doris*; who was chang'd into a River to be immortal, and flow'd round *Troy*. *Jupiter*, as a Mark of his Tenderneſs, gave him a Right to take the Virginity of young Maids, who, the Evening before their Nuptials, bath'd in the River; when *Scamander* immediately came forth from amidſt the Reeds, took them by the Hand, and led them to his Palace.

SCEPTER. See *Polybymia*, *Melpomene*, and *Æolus*.

SCHENEUS. See *Atalanta*.

SCISSORS. See *Parcæ*.

SCORPION, one of the twelve Signs
of the Zodiac. See *Orion*.

SCOURISE. See *Bellona*.

SCY-

S C

SCYAPODES, or *Mauofceles*, a fabulous People, who inhabited, as 'tis said, some Country of *India* or *Lybia*, but 'tis uncertain which. They ran upon one Leg with incredible Swift-nefs; whilft one was in Motion, the other refted.

SCYLLA, Daughter of *Nifus*, King of *Megara*; during the siege of *Megara*, she conceiv'd so violent a Passion for *Minos*, that she cut from her Father's Head the Hairs on which depended the Fate of the *Megareans*. See *Nifus*. This Fable is similar to that of *Corneto*.

There was another *Scylla*, Daughter of *Phorcus*, who, being enamour'd with *Glaucus*, a Sea-God, begg'd of the Inchantrels *Circe* to infpire in him the fame Passion. But *Circe* refus'd, becaufe she lov'd him herself, and poyfon'd the Fountain where she bath'd; so that, when this Nymph went thither, she was chang'd into a hideous Monster, from the Navel downwards greatly refembling a Dog. She was so terrify'd at herself, that she plung'd into a Gulf in the *Sicilian* Sea, where are since heard the barking and yelling of Dogs near *Charybdis*, another Gulf. The Paffage which lies betwixt them is very dangerous to ships, for, by endeavouring to avoid one, they risk falling into the other.

SCYRON, a famous Robber, who plunder'd *Attica*; *Theseus* flew him, and burnt his Bones, whereof he made a Sacrifice to *Ju-piter*.

SCYTHE. See *Saturn*.

SCY-

SC

SE

SCYTHIA, a Kingdom on the North of
the *Black Sea*.

SCYTHIANS, a barbarous People, who
inhabited the Coast of the *Black Sea*. They
were hated by all Nations, because of their
Cruelty.

SELEMIS. See *Argyra*.

SEMELE, Daughter of Cadmus and
Thebe, who was greatly beloved by Jupiter, by
whom she had Bacchus. 'Tis said, the jealous
Juno to destroy her, came in the shape of an
old Woman, and advised her to engage her
Lover to show him self in all his Majesty. Se-
mele with great Difficulty prevail'd on Jupiter
to grant this Favour; in fine, he prefented
himself before her in all his Glory, and that
unfortunate Woman was burnt with all her
House. See Bacchus. Hygin. Ovid. Met. l. 3.
Nat. Com.

SEMERII, People of Greece. See Eu-
thymus.

SEMIRAMIS, Queen of *Babylon*, who
led her Armies in Person; she beautify'd the
City *Babylon*, and made Gardens there, which
were along Time accounted one of the Won-
ders of the World: she was flain by her own
Son *Ninyas*, with whom she was enamour'd.

SEMON. See *Fidius*.

SENNON. See *Achmon*.

SARAPIS. See *Apis*.

SERPENT. See *Python*, *Aristæus*, *Ar-
chelous*, *Medusa*, *Eumenides*, *Envy*, *Cadmus*,
*Euridice*, *Æcus*, *Cuduceus*, *Laocoon*, *Latona*,
*Discord*, *Tirefias*, *Prudence*.

SHELL.

S H

S I

SHELL. See Triton.

SHEPHERD. See Amyntas, Bathus, Eudimion, Ægon, Ænipeus, Citheron, Pain, Adonis.

SHIPS. See Argo.

SHIPWRECK. See Ulysses, Æneas, Ajax, and Idomeneus.

SHIRT. See Neffus, Deianira.

SIBYLL, a Name given to those Women which foretold what was to come; the most famous of them was that of Cumæ. She made her usual Abode in a Cave near this City; and was Daughter to Glaucus. 'Tis said, Apollo, being enamour'd with her, could not prevail, but on Condition, to make her live as many Years as she could hold Grains of sand in her Hand. Werefore, 'tis said, she became so decrepid, that nothing of her remain'd but her Voice to prophefy. She was call'd Deiphoba, Demophila, Hierophila, or Amalthea. There were several other Sibylls; the most antient was the Delphia, call'd Artemis, which some call'd also Daphne; the next was the Erythræan, then the Cumæan. The Euryphile prophefy'd at Saucos, the Hellefspontic at Marpefia, a Town on the Shores of the Hellefspont; the Libyan in Libya; and lastly, she of Tripoly, call'd Albunea, prophefy'd in Afric.

SICKLE. See Ceres, Priapus.

SIGÆAM, a Promontory of the Ægean Sea, on which is the Tomb of Achilles.

SIGNS of the Zodiac. See Zodiac.

SILENCE, an allegorical Deity, represented under the Form of a Man, holding one Finger in his Mouth; or under the Figure of

a

S I

a Woman, and was then call'd *Muta* by the
Latins, which signifies Mute.

SILENUS, an old Satyr, the foster Fa-
ther and Companion of Bacchus, he rode on
an Afs, to attend this God in his Conquest of
India. At his Return, he fix'd in the Country
of Arcadia, where he gain'd the Efteem of
the young shepherds and shepherdesses; he
let not one Day pafs without being drunk,
but was always very pleafant in his Liquor.
See Ægle.

SIMOIS, a River of Phrygia near Troy,
which, by an Inundation with the other River,
Scamander, oppos'd the Descent of the Greeks,
who came to beſiege this City.

SIMIS, a famous Robber, whom Hercu-
les overthrew.

SINON, Son of Sifyphus; he was eſteem'd
the moſt cunning and artful of Men. When
the Greeks made a ſhew of raiſing the Siege of
Troy, he ſuffer'd himſelf to be taken by the
Trojans, whom he told, that the Greeks would
have put him to death, and that he ſought
Protection amongſt his Enemies, with many
other Reaſons to ſeduce them to give him his
Liberty. When the Wooden Horſe was en-
ter'd the City, in their fight, he open'd its Doors
where the Greeks were ſhut up. Virgil. Æn.
l. 2.

SIRENS, Sea-Monſters, Daughters of O-
ceanus and Amphitrite; they ſung ſo ſweetly, that
they entic'd Paſſengers aſide, and then devour'd
them. Ulyſſes ſecur'd himſelf from their Snares,
by

SI

SO

by stopping up the Ears of his Companions,
and causing himself to be ty'd to the Maft of
his ship.

SISYPHUS, a Man the most cunning
of his Time, and Grandson of Æolus. He
was doom'd in Hell to rowl continually a huge
round stone from the Bottom to the Top of
a Mountain, whence it immediately defcended;
becaufe, being Secretary to the Gods, he had
reveal'd all their secrets, and discover'd to
Æsopus the Place where Jupiter had conceal'd
Ægina.

SKINS of a Lyon, see Hercules, Adraftus;
of an Ox, see Orion; of a Serpent, see Python;
of Tigers, see Bacchantes; of a Boar, see A-draftus.

SLEEP. See Somnus.

SLOTH, an allegorical Deity, Daughter
of Nox and Somnus; she was chang'd into a
Tortoise, for granting the last Favours to Vul-
can. The Snail and Tortoise are sacred to
her.

SNAIL. See Sloth.

SNAKES. See Eaucenides, Gorgons, En-
vy, Discord.

SMILAX, a Nymph. See Crocus.

SOL; he is the fame as Apollo. See Apollo,
Phaeton.

SOMNUS, Son of Erebus and Nox. 'Tis
said, he resides in a gloomy unknown Cave,
inaccessible to the Rays of the Sun. The En-
trance is for'd with Poppies, and an infinite
Number of foporiferous Herbs. The River
of Forgetfulness runs before the Palace, and
no

SO

SP

no other Noife is there heard but the Murmur
of the Waters of this River. *Semnus* repofe
himfelf in the Hall on a downy Bed, hung
round with ſable Curtains. The Dreams lie
all around him, and *Morpheus* his prime Mi-
nifter wakes to prevent a Noife. This power-
ful God, to whom every Thing is ſubordinate,
there enjoys perpetual Reſt, holding a Horn
in one Hand, and an Elephant's Tooth in the
other.

SORS, an allegorical Deity, which is uſu-
ally confounded with Deſtiny and Fortune.

SOOTH SAYERS. See *Auruspices*.

SPARROWS. See *Venus*.

SPARTA, a City and Kingdom of Greece.

SPHINX, a Monſter which had the Face
of a Woman, and the reſt of the Body reſem-
bling a Lyon or a Dog with Wings. Juno
enrag'd againſt the Thebans, becauſe Alcmena
was belov'd of Juno, ſent this Monſter to
Mount Cythex, where ſhe propos'd an Ænigma,
and devour'd thofe who could not ſolve it.
This Ænigma was — What Animal is that,
which has four Legs in the Morning, two at
Noon, and three at Night. Oedipus, discovering
that Man was figur'd by this Portraiture, unra-
vel'd the ſense of the Ænigma. Immediately
the Sphinx enrag'd, threw herſelf down, and
broke her Neck. Afterwards Oedipus marry'd
his own Mother unknown to him, who was to
be the Price of him who overcame this Mon-
ſter. See Oedipus.

SPINDLE. See *Parcæ*, *Arachne*.

SPRING,

SP

SPRING, a poetical Deity, represented
under the Figure of the Gods, Flora or Ver-
tumnus.

SQUARE, a mathematical Instrument.
See Urania, Apollo, Minerva.

STAG. See Diana, Actæon, Cypariffa.

STARS. See Astra.

STATUE. See Pigmalion, Palladium, Pe-
nates, Anchises, Thoas, Colossus.

STELLA; she is thought to be the fame
as Abbas, who was chang'd into a Lizard, be-
cause she mock'd Ceres, who eat and drank
too freely, as she call'd at an old Woman's
to rest herself, when in search of her Daughter
Proserpine. Ovid. Metam.

STENIO, one of the Gorgons.

STEROPE, a Nymph to whom Mars
affiliated himself for a certain Season.

STEROPES, the most expert of Vulcan's
Forgemen.

STHENELEA, Wife of Menetius, and
Mother of Patroclus.

STHENELUS, King of Argos and My-
cenæ, Son of Perfius and Andromeda.

STHENOBEA. See Bellerophon.

STIMPHALUS, a Lake emitting a
most poisonous Stench; nigh which Hercules with
his Arrows flew a prodigious Quantity of Birds,
which infested the Country.

STONES. See Deucalion.

STRYMON, a River between Thrace and
Macedon.

STYX, a River of Hell, by which it is encircled seven Times. When the Gods had once

U

fworn

S U

S Y

sworn by this, they greatly fear'd to violate
their Oaths, which was punish'd with the Loſs
of their Divinity for an hundred Years.

SUBSOLANUS, one of the Cardinal
Winds, the moſt ſcorching of them all.

SUMMER, an allegorical Deity, the fame
as Ceres.

SWAN. See Cignus.

SWORD. See Justice.

SYLVANUS, God of the Foreſts. He
passionately lov'd *Cyparis*; but *Apollo* chang'd
this Nymph into a Cypreſs-tree, a Branch of
which, this God always carries. He is often
confounded with the Gods *Pan* and *Faunus*.

SYLVIA, Rhea-Sylvia and Ilia, Queen
of Alba, and Daughter of Numitor; she was
confin'd amongſt the Veſtals by Amulius, Uncle
to her, who could not bear a Rival to the
Throne; but this Queen one Day going to
draw Water in the Tyber, an Arm of which
ran through the Garden of the Veſtals, fell aſleep
on the Banks, and dreamt that the God Mars had
got her with Child; whereupon she brought
forth Romulus and Rhemus.

SYRINX, a Nymph of Arcadia. She
was greatly belov'd by the God Pan, who, as
he purſu'd her, earneſtly invok'd the Affiſtance
of the Naiades, her Sifters, on the Banks of the
River Ladon, who took her under their Pro-
tection, and chang'd her into a Reed, whereof
Pan made a Flute, which is faid to have been
the Inventor. Ovid. Metam. Virg. Buc:

TTÆ.

TÆ

TA

T

TÆNARUS. See Tenarus.
TAGES, Nephew of Jupiter, when
as yet a Child, taught the Hertrusians the Art
of Prophecy. 'Tis said, he was Son to one of
the Genii, which sprang from Jupiter, and
that he was afterwards chang'd into a River.

TANTALUS, Son of Jupiter and a
Nymph call'd Plotta, King of Paphlagonia,
and Uncle to Agamemnon. He carry'd away Ga-
nimede in Revenge to Tros, becaufe he did not in-
vite him to the firſt Solemnity held at Troy.
To prove the Gods, that came one Day to his
Palace, he ſerv'd them at Supper with the Limbs
of his Son Pelops ; but Jupiter, for his Cruelty,
doom'd him to everlaſting Hunger and Thirt-
Mercury chain'd and plung'd him up to the Chin
in a Lake of Hell, and plac'd near his Mouth
a Branch loaded with Fruits, which retreated
as oft as he offer'd to eat, and the Water fell
when he endeavour'd to drink. Horat. Carm.
Ovid. Met. Hygin.

TANTALIDES, a Name given to the
Defendants of Tantalus.

TAPESTRY. See Penelope, and Philo-
mela.

TARTARUS, a Place in Hell, where
the Wicked are tormented, ſtor'd only with
Rocks, Horrors and Tortures.

TATIUS, King of the Sabins, who made
an Alliance with Romulus, againſt whom he

had

U 2

TA

TE

had wag'd a long War, becaufe he had carry'd
off *Hersilia* and the Sabins. See *Romulus*.

TAURUS, one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiac. This was the Animal, in the Form of which Jupiter carry'd away Europa. This God in Return gave him a Place in Heaven. See *Europa*, *Païsphæ*, *Aristheas*, *Achelous*, *Milo*, *Dirce*, *Ægeon*, *Ægeſthus*, *Polydamas*.

TEETH. See Cadmus, Somnus.

TAYGETA, one of the Pleiades.

TELAMON, Son of Æacus; he marry'd
*Peribea*, by whom he had the famous *Ajax*; who
firſt ſcal'd the Walls when *Hercules* took the
City *Troy*, under the Reign of *Laomedon*, and
receiv'd *Hefione* as a Reward. He was alſo
one of the Argonauts, and diſtinguifh'd him-
ſelf greatly in his Youth.

TELEGONUS, Son of Ulyſſes and Circe,
amainſt whose Island Ulysses being wreck'd, had
this Son by this Inchantrels. The Oracle had de-
clar'd Ulyſſes ſhould die by the Hand of this
Son; upon which he determin'd to diveſt himſelf
of his Crown, in Favour of his Son Telema-
chus at his Arrival in Ithaca. After this, he
banifh'd himſelf without ſaying any Thing,
and went into a Desert, so that he was believ'd
to be dead. Telegonus being grown up, ob-
tain'd of Circe leave to go and ſee his Father.
At his Arrival, Ulyſſes gather'd ſome Men in
the Country, at the Head of whom, he put
himſelf to oppoſe the March of Telegonus,
whom he thought to be an Enemy, and come
to ſurprize the Inſle. This unhappy Prince
could not eſcape his Deſtiny, but was ſlain
by

TE

by his own Son, who was ignorant of his Crime
till he had marry'd *Penelope* his Step-mother,
which also was a secret to him. This Fable is
near akin to that of *Oedipus*. Hom. Odyss. Hyg.

There was a Giant of this Name, an intimate Friend to Tmolus.

TELEMACHUS, only Son of Ulysses
and Penelope; he was in the Cradle when his
Father departed from the Siege of Troy. As
soon as he arriv'd to the Age of fifteen Years,
he set sail with Minerva, under the Figure of
Mentor his Governor, to seek his Father. During
this Voyage, he run many Hazards, and
at last on his Arrival in Ithaca, found his Father.
Some time after his Father had abandon'd the Crown,
he went to see Circe, with
whom he became enamour'd in his Voyage,
and marry'd her at the Time Telegonus marry'd
Penelope, and flew his Father. Homer. Odyss.
Hygin. Telem.

TELEPHUS, Son of Hercules and An-
gea, being abandon'd by his Mother, as soon
as he was born, was found under a Hind
which fuckled him. The King of Myśia adopt-
ed him for his Son, and, when he was of Age
to carry Arms, attempted to oppofe the
Greeks who went to Troy; but Achilles wounded
him. The Oracle advis'd him to make an Al-
liance with this Hero, who ſhould cure him
by the phyſical directions of Chiron. Ovid.
Met. 1. 6. Pausan.

TELETHUSA. See Iphis.

TELLUS, or TERRA, Wife of Cælus,
she had such an immense Quantity of Breasts,

U 3

and

T E

and so full, that she nourish'd all Mankind.
She is the fame as Cybele.

TEMPE, Valleys between Mount Offa and
Olympus, they were the most beautiful and agree-
able in the Universe. The Gods and Goddesse
retir'd thither to divert themselves.

TEMPERANCE, an allegorical Deity,
reprefented under the Form of a Woman, hold-
ing a Bridle.

TEMPLE of Ephesus, the most beauti-
tul and magnificent that was ever built in Ho-
nour of Diana. Erostratus, to immortalize him-
felt, one Day refolv'd to fet it on fire. The A-
reopagites made a Decree, whereby it was for-
bid to mention his Name. 'Tis said, Alexander
the Great was born, whilft this Temple was
in Flames.

TENARUS, a famous Promontory in
Peloponnesus, where was a Temple of Neptune,
which serv'd as an inviolable Afylum for the
Unhappy. This Promontory was formerly
fam'd for its Quarries of Marble. Proper.
Elog. Tib. El. 1. 3.

TEREUS, King of Thrace, and Son of
Mars; he was chang'd into a Hawk. See
Philomela.

TERMINUS, a Deity who prefided over
the Boundaries of Lands. When the Gods
would have given the Place of the Capitol
to Jupiter, they retir'd out of Respect to the
adjacent Places; but the God Terminus ftay'd
unmov'd in his Place. He was reprefented in
the Form of a Tile, Stone, or Pillar fix'd
in the Earth.

TER-

TE

TH

TERPSICHORE, one of the nine Muses, Goddeſs of Muſick and Dancing. She was repreſented under the Form of a Maid, crown'd with Garlands, with a Harp and other Muſical Inſtruments near her.

TERRA. See *Tellus*.

TERROR, or pannick Fears. Pauſanias relates, that the Gauls ravaging Greece, ſaw in the Temple of Delphi the Statue of Pan, and were ſo terrify'd, that they fled; 'tis hence that false Fears are call'd Pannick.

TEUCER, King of Troas, and Uncle of Tros. He gave his Name to the Trojans, call'd Teucri.

There was another Teucer, Son of Telamon and Hefione, who was banifh'd his Country for not having reveng'd the Death of Ajax on Ulyſſes.

TEUCRI, the Trojans were ſo call'd from Teucer, one of their Kings.

THALIA, one of the nine Muses; ſhe preſides over Comedy and Lyrick Poetry. She is repreſented under the Form of a young Nymph, crown'd with Joy, with a Mask in her Hand, and Buskins on her Feet.

One of the Graces was call'd Thalia.

THAMYRIS, Grandſon of Apollo; he was ſo vain as to challenge the Muses to ſing on theſe Terms, viz. if they were conquer'd, they ſhould profitute themſelves to him; on the contrary, if he was vanquifh'd, he would abandon himſelf to their Directions: But he fail'd; on which the Muses tore out his Eyes, and made him forget all he knew.

THEBES,

T H

THEBES, a famous City of Bæotia in Greece,
took its Name from Thebe, Miftres of Mars,
who was Queen of this Country.

There was also a City Thebes in Egypt, and
another in Cilicia.

THEMIS, Daughter of Cælum and Terra,
and Goddeſs of Jüſtice. She is always repre-
fented with a Ballance in her Hand, and a Fil-
let about her Eyes. Having refus'd to mar-
ry Jupiter, he ravish'd her, and had by
her Law and Peace. Jupiter plac'd the Bal-
lance in the Number of the twelve Signs of the
Zodiac. Some repreſent her with a Sword in
her Hand.

THEMISTO, Wife of Athamas. She
was so provok'd becaufe Athamas had divorc'd
her, and marry'd Ino, that ſhe refolv'd in Re-
venge to murder Leartus and Melicertus, Sons
of Ino. But the Nurſe, being inform'd of her
Deſign, put the Habits of theſe Young Prin-
ces on the Sons of Themefto, who murther'd
her own Children, and, having diſcover'd her
Error, ſtabb'd herſelf.

THEONOE. See Leucippus.

THERSILOCHUS, Son of Autenor;
he was flain at the Siege of Troy. This Prince
was so brave, as always to appear in Arms;
'tis alſo ſaid, he is plac'd in the Elysian Plains.
Hom. Iliad.

THESEUS, Son of Ægeus and Æthra,
the Daughter of Pytheus. During his Life, he
gave Proofs of ſuch ſurprizing Valour, as was
little inferior to that of Hercules. He always de-
clar'd War againſt Vice, and flew many Mon-
sters,

T H

sters, as the Minotaur, to whom he was ex-
pos'd; see Minotaur. He carry'd away several
Women, as Helen, Ariadne, Phædra, and others;
but reſtor'd them when they reſus'd their Con-
sent. He abandon'd ſome, amongſt whom was
Ariadne. He went down to Hell with Pirithous,
to affift him in bringing away Proſerpine. For
which Attempt he was doom'd by Pluto to be
chain'd to a Rock, till Hercules (or, as ſome ſay,
Euriftheus) came to his Reſcue. He ſtuck ſo faſt
to this Rock, that he left there ſome of his Skin.
He overthrew the Amazons, and took their
Queen Antiope or Hippolita Prisoner, by whom
he had a Son call'd Hippolitus. This ſon he
abandon'd to the Rage of Neptune, being too
eaſily perſuaded he had attempted his Honour.
They of Epirus took him Prisoner, and treat-
ed him with great ſeverity, whilſt Mnestheus,
Son of Ereſtheus, took Poffeffion of this King-
dom. At his Return, he drove him from the
Throne, on which he re-eſtabliſh'd his Sons.
He govern'd his People in perſect Peace. 'Tis
ſaid, he died at Athens, and that the Atheni-
ans rais'd Altars to him. In fine, he obtain'd
the Honour of being number'd with the Demi-
Gods, and was eſteem'd the firſt after Hercules.
Plutarch. Ovid. Met. Hygin. Pauſan.

THESEIDES. The Athenians took
this Name from Theseus their King, who was
born in Athens.

THESPIS, Son of Ereſtheus, admiring
the noble Actions of Hercules, invited him
to a Feaſt, made him drunk, and gave him
fifty young Maids to be debauch'd by him.

Her-

T H

Hercules perform'd the Task in one Night, and
had by them several Children.

THESTOR, see *Leucippus*. 'Tis said,
he was Father to the famous *Calchas*, and great-
ly distinguifh'd himfelf in the Art of Prophecy.

THETIS, Goddeſs of the Sea; according
to ſome, ſhe was Mother of *Nereus* and *Doris*.
*Jupiter* would have marry'd her, but refrain'd
because the Fate of the Son ſhe ſhould have by
him, would one Day be more noble and illuftri-
ous than that of his Father. She was marry'd to
*Peleus*, by whom this Goddeſs had *Achilles*.
No Nuptials were ever celebrated with greater
Pomp and Splendor; all *Olympus*, the Gods
of Hell, Earth and Seas were there. *Discord*
was alone exempted from the Invitation, who in
Revenge threw an Apple on the Table with this
Inſcription, *To the moſt beautiful. Fano, Pallas and
Venus* disputed, who referr'd the Judgment to an
Arbitrator, which caus'd a long Scene of Woe.
See *Paris*. When *Achilles* was fore'd to the
ſiege of *Troy*, *Thetis* went to *Vulcan*, and en-
gag'd him to make him Arms and a Shield,
which ſhe prefented to her Son. She often
ſcreen'd him from Death during the ſiege.
This Goddeſs is confounded with *Amphitrite*.
She is commonly repreſented in a Chariot, in
the Form of a Shell drawn by Dolphins. *Hom.*
*Iliad.* Hygin. *Pausan.*

THISBE. See *Pyramus*.

THOAS, King of *Tauris*, with whom was
the statue of *Diana*, which *Iphigenia*, *Oreſtes*,
and *Pylades* carry'd away. He was flain by
*Oreſtes*.

There

TH

TI

There was another Thoas. See Achelous.

THOAS, a Trojan Prince, of the Family of Priam. He was slain at the siege of Troy.

THRACE, a Kingdom of Greece, to which Thracia, Daughter of Mars, gave Name.

THREAD. See Ariadne, and Fates.

THYESTES, Son of Pelops and Hippodamia, and Brother of Atreus, committed Inceft with Europa his Sifter-in-law, Wife of Atreus; who in Revenge cut in Pieces the Child which was thence born, and ferv'd Thyestes with the Blood to drink. The Sun appear'd not that Day above the Horizon, least he should behold so horrid an Action. Ovid. Met.

THYMBRÆUS, a surname of Apollo, taken from Thymbra, a City of Troas, where this God had a magnificent Temple.

THYMÆTES. Some say he was the Son of Priam, and born at the same time with Paris. Others imagine, he was the Son of a poor Trojan, who dying as soon as he was born, was presented to Priam in the Room of Paris, whose Death he had commanded.

THYRSUS, a Rod, twisted round with Vine Leaves, Grapes and Ivy, with a Pine-Apple at one End. The Bacchantes, Bacchus and his Priests always carry'd one in their Hands. See Bacchantes, and Bacchus.

TIMANDRA. See Œgipius.

TIME. See Saturn.

TIPHYS, a famous Pilot, who conducted the Ship Argo, in which the Argonauts fail'd to fetch the Golden Fleece.

TI-

TI

TM

TIRESIAS, a famous Soothsayer, having one Day found two Serpents engendering on Mount Cytheron, flew the Female, which was instantly transform'd into a Woman. After seven Years, he again found two other Serpents in the same Manner, flew the Male, which immediately became a Man. Jupiter and Juno, disputing one Day on the Pleasures of Love, appeal'd to Tirelias, who decided in Favour of the Men; and acknowledged, that the Women had the greater Sense. Jupiter in Return, gave him the Spirit of Prophecy. This Prophet, having one Day seen Pallas naked, became instantly blind. Hom. Odyff. Ovid. Met. l. 3. Hygin.

TISIPHONE, one of the three Furies of Hell. See *Furies*.

TITAN, Son of Cælum and Terra. See *Saturn*. His Sons were the Giants, call'd from him Titans.

TITHONUS. See *Aurora*.

TITYUS, a huge Giant, Son of Jupiter. He was born in a Cave, where his Mother was conceal'd to escape the Refentment of Juno. Apollo and Diana flw him with their Arrows, because he had attempted Latona's Honour. His Body cover'd nine Acres of Land, and he was condemn'd to the fame Torments as Prometheus.

TMOLUS, a Mountain of Phrygia, fam'd for Saffron.

There was a Giant of this Name, who with Telegonus, another Giant, devour'd all they met. But Proteus, having transform'd himself into a Phan-

TO

a Phantom, so terrify'd them, that they ceas'd
from their Barbarity.

TOMBS. See Anchises, Achilles.

TOOLS, or Instruments of Art. See A-
pollo, Minerva, Archimedes.

TORCHOS. See Discord, Bacchantes,
and Nemeſis.

TOWERS. See Pyrenæan, Danae. On
the Head of a Woman, see Cybele.

TRAVELS of Hercules. See Hercules.

TRIDENT. See Neptune, Ajax.

TRIENNALES, or Trieterici. The
Feafts of Bacchus were so call'd, becaufe they
celebrated them every three Years.

TRIPOD, a small Stool with three Feet,
ſtanding on which the Prieſts and Prieſteſſes of
Apollo gave out their Oracles. This Apollo co-
ver'd with the ſkin of the Serpent Hydra. See
Pythoniffa.

TRIPTOLEMUS, Son of Cælum and Eleufina; who learn'd of Ceres the Art of Tilling the Earth. See Ceres.

TRITON, a Sea-God, Son of Neptune
and Amphitrite. He was Trumpeter to Nep-
tune, uſing for this Purpofe a Shell in the Form
of a Trumpet. The Parts of his Body from
the Navel upwards were like a Man, the reſt
like a Fish. The greateſt Part of the Sea-
Gods are also call'd Tritons, and are uſually
painted with Shell-work.

TROILUS, Son of Priam and Hecuba. The
Fates had determin'd Troy ſhould never be taken
whilft he liv'd; who notwithſtanding rafhly en-
gag'd

X

gag'd

T R

gag'd *Achilles*, who flew him, and soon after
the City was taken.

TRAPHONIUS, Son of *Apollo*; he gave Oracles in a gloomy Cave. Thoſe who would confult him went in backwards, and there falling aſleep, ſaw or heard their Anſwer in a Dream. They departed in the fame manner as they went in; which was attended with many Ceremonies perform'd by the Priefts.

TROY, a famous City in Phrygia. It was the richeſt in the whole World. Paris, Son of Priam, King of this Country, having carry'd away Helen, Wife to Menelaus, was the Cauſe of its Dſtruction. This City was beſieg'd by the Grecians ten Years, and was taken by means of a great wooden Horſe, which Pallas advis'd the Greeks to build, in which they enclos'd a Troop of Men. The Beſiegers having made a ſhew of retiring, the Trojans put Wheels under the Feet of this Machine, made a wide Breach in their Walls, and dragg'd it into the City. In the Night the Soldiers came forth, on a Signal given, and ſet fire to every Quarter, which alarm'd the reſt of the Army; whereupon the City was burnt and ſack'd. See Helen, Paris, Hector, *Achilles*, *Ulyſſes*, Priam, &c. Virg. Æn. 1. 2. Hom. Iliad. Ovid.

TRUMPET. See *Fame*, *Clio*; in the Form of a Shell. See *Triton*.

TRUTH, an allegorical Deity, Daugh-
ter of Saturn, and Mother of Vertue. She is
represented under the Form of a beautiful

Wo-

TU

TY

Woman, with a majestick Air, and free from
all Ornament of Drefs.

TUB. See Danaids.

TUN. See Bacchus.

TURNUS, King of the Rutuli, to whom
*Lavinia* was promis'd. He was flain by Æneas
in a single Combat.

TWINS. See Caftor and Pollux.

TYDEUS, Son of Æneus and Althæa.
He was delegated by Polynices to Etheocles,
King of Thebes, to demand the Restoration of his
Kingdom; but meeting with a cold Reception,
he challeng'd him to every fort of Exercife,
in which he always came off Victor. Etheocles,
enrag'd to see himself vanquish'd every way,
laid several Snares for him, all which he
efcap'd. But, some time after, was flain at
the fiage of Thebes.

TYGERS. See Bacchus, and Admetus.

TYNDARUS, King of Oebalia, and Huf-
band to Leda; his Defcendants, and thofe of
his Wife were call'd Tyndarides. See Caftor.

TYNDARIDES, the Sons and Defcend-
dants of Leda, were fo call'd from Tyndarus
her Husband, tho' ſhe had them not all by him.

TYPHOEUS, or Typhon, one of the
Giants who ſcal'd Heaven; and, being of an un-
usual Stature, his Head is ſaid to have reacht as
high as the Clouds. He was enamour'd with Ve-
nus, whom he purſu'd to the Banks of Euphrates;
where two large Fifhes tranſported her and her
Son to the other ſide. 'Tis thought, theſe two
Fifhes were plac'd in the number of the twelve
ſigns of the Zodiac.

X 2

TYR,

T Y

V E

TYR, the Capital of Phænicia. It was
greatly fam'd for Embroideries, Wool, pur-
ple and scarlet Cloth, there manufactur'd.

TYRO, one of the Nereids, and Mother
of Neleus.

V

VALLEY. The sacred Valley amongst
the Poets, is that Space or Vale lying be-
tween Mount Parnassus, Pierius, Pindus and
Helicon, where the River Permeffus and the
Fountain Hippocrene flow; and where the Horfe
Pegasus pastures. This Vale is sacred to the
Mufes.

VENTUS. See Winds.

VENUS, call'd also Cypris, Goddeſs of
Love, Daughter of Cælus and Terra, or, accor-
ding to others, of the Sea. 'Tis faid, that
Saturn having thrown into the Sea the Geni-
tals of Cælus, which he cut off with a Sickle,
this Goddeſs ſprang from the Foam which ga-
ther'd round them. This is the moſt common
Opinion which prevails concerning her Birth,
tho' many pretend ſhe is the Daughter of Jupiter
and Dione. If we will believe Hiftory, there
were many Venus's, and it is probable, that all
the Actions and Debauches which were attribu-
ted to one, belong'd to all of this Name. Be
that as it may; as ſoon as ſhe was born, the
Hours carry'd her in Pomp unto Heaven, where
all the Gods were ſtruck with her amazing
Beauty, became enamour'd with her, and nam'd
her the Goddeſs of Love. Vulcan marry'd her,
for

VE

for having forg'd Thunder Bolts for Jupiter
againft the Giants. This Goddeſs deſpising her
Husband, becauſe of his Deformity, had
many Gallants; among others Mars, with
whom Vulcan ſurpriz'd her in Bed, encircled
it with an invisible Net, whilſt they ſlept,
then call'd together all the Gods who rally'd
him ſeverely. She also marry'd Anchises, a Tro-
jan Prince, by whom ſhe had Æneas, for whom
ſhe engag'd Vulcan to make Armour, when
this Prince ſought to found a new Empire in
Italy. She paſſionately lov'd Adonis. 'Tis ſaid,
ſhe had Cupid by the God Mars. This God-
deſs had a Girdle call'd Cæſtus, in which were
wove the Graces, Smiles, Wit, Pleaſures, and
Charms. Paris, in whoſe Prefence ſhe took
off this Girdle to ſhew herſelf in all her Pride
of Beauty, gave her the Golden Apple, for which
Juno and Pallas diſputed with her, and which
Diſford had thrown upon the Table at the
Nuptials of Peleus and Thetis. She prefided
over all Pleaſures, and her Feaſts were cele-
brated with all forts of Profitutions; ſhe had
Temples over the whole World; the moſt mag-
nificent were thoſe of Amathus, Lesbos, Paphos,
Cnidos, Cythera, and Cyprus. She caus'd the Dove
to be ſacred to her in regard to the Nymph
Periftera, who aſſiſted her in gathering Flowers
when ſhe wager'd with Cupid. See Periftera.
She is generally repreſented with Cupid her Son,
half-naked, on a Chariot drawn by Pidgeons,
Swans, or Sparrows. Ov. Hyg. Hom. Iliad. Cic.
de Nat. Deor. l. 3. Pauſ. Her. Virg. Nat. Com.

VERTUE, an allegorical Deity, Daugh-
ter of Truth. She is repreſented under the Form

X 3

of

V E

V I

of a Woman cloth'd in White, sitting on a
square stone; and when she is confider'd as
Fortitude, she is reprefented in the Form of
a grave old Man, holding a Club in his Hand.

VERTUMNUS, to call'd from chang-
ing his shape, God of the Spring. He became
greatly enamour'd with Pomona, and took the
Figure of a Youth to gain her Affections. When
they were advanc'd in Years, he became young,
again with her, and never violated the Faith
he had given her. Proteus, Periclimenes, Ache-
laus, and several others had the fame Power.

VESTA. Most Authors give this Name to
Cybele, becaufe she was likewife Goddeſs of
the Fire. Many believe there were two Veſta's,
the one Wife of Cælus, and the other Wife of
Saturn. If we look on Cybele as Goddeſs of
the Fire, ſhe is call'd Veſta. It appertain'd on-
ly to Virgins to celebrate her Myſteries, whoſe
only Care was never to ſuffer the Lamps to
go out in her Temples. If they were found
guilty, they were condemn'd to be bury'd alive.
They were call'd Veſtals. Nat. Com. Hygin.
T. Liv. de Cicero de Nat. Deor.

VESTALS, they were young Ladies who
confecried themſelves to the Worſhip of the
Goddeſs Veſta. See Veſta.

VIA LACTEA; that bright streak, which
we see in the Heavens in a clear Night, is
call'd the milky Way. 'Tis ſaid, to have pro-
ceeded from a Drop of Milk which Juno spilt,
when ſhe pufh'd away Hercules, whom Jupiter
laid to her Breast to make him immortal. See
Hercules.

VI-

VI

UL

VIALES, Deities who prefided over the
High-ways. *Mercury* had the firſt Place. Hogs
were sacrific'd to them.

VICTIMS, were what they offer'd to the
Gods in their Sacrifices.

VICTORY, an allegorical Deity, faid to
be the Daughter of Styx and Terra. She is
reprefented under the Form of a young Wo-
man, always chearful; having Wings, and hold-
ing in one Hand a Crown of Laurel and Olive,
and in the other a Branch of Palm.

VINES. See Bacchantes, Pomona, Alci-
thoe, and Silenus.

VIOLIN, Lyre, or Lute. See Orpheus,
Apollo, Amphion, Arion, Erato, Linus, Mer-
cury.

VIRGO. See Atræa.

ULYSSES, King of the Inland Ithaca,
Son of Laertes and Anticlea. He feign'd Mad-
neſs, to prevent his going to the Trojan War.
But Palamede, to try him, laid before him his
own Son Telemachus, as yet an Infant, in the
Furrow before the Plough, which was drawn
by an Ox. and an Aſs. Ulyſſes, fearing to hurt
his Son, ſtop'd the Plough, and thereby diſco-
ver'd his Diſſimulation. He did great ſervice
to the Greeks by his Prudence and Arts. It was
he who brought *Achilles* from the Court of Ly-
comedes, where he found him diſguis'd in the Ha-
bit of a Woman, and diſcover'd him by preſent-
ing Toys to the Ladies of the Court, amongſt
which he had plac'd Arms. This young Prince
turn'd himſelf immediately to the Arms. He car-
ry'd away with Diomedes the Palladium; was one
of

U L

of those who were shut up in the wooden Horse,
and contributed by his Valour to the Fall of
Troy. In his Return to Ithaca, he run many
Risks on the Sea, and struggled ten Years
with adverse Fortune. He was wreck'd first
on the Isle of Circe, where this Enchantress
confin'd him, by whom she had a Son call'd
Telegonus; to prevent his Departure, she chang'd
all his Companions into Savage Beasts. But
he eſcap'd afterwards from this Isle, and was
wreck'd on that of Calypso, who also became ena-
mour'd with him. Again his Vessel split near
the Island of the Cyclops, where Polyphemus de-
vour'd four of his Companions, shut him with
the rest up in his Den, whence this Prince hap-
pily eſcap'd. See Polyphemus. He eſcap'd by
his Conduct the Charms of the Syrens. When
he fail'd from Æolia, Æolus, as a Mark of his
Eſteem, gave him Skins, wherein the Winds
were shut up. But his Companion out of Cu-
riofity open'd them, whence the Winds rufh-
ing made a dreadful Hurricane. The Tempeſt
drove Ulysses back on the Coasts of Africa, when
he was on the Point of entering into his own
Country. He was Ship-wreck'd once more, loft
his Ship and Companions; yet he swam on a
Plank and got on shore at Ithaca, in such a mi-
ferable Condition, as not being remember'd by
any one of the Inhabitants. He plac'd himſelf
amongst the Lovers of Telemachus, to bend the
Bows, which were propos'd, and whereof Penelope
was to be the Prize; he perform'd it manfully, and
discover'd himſelf to her; afterwards took upon
him the Care of his Family, and flew all his Rivals.
Some time afterwards he divested himſelf of his

Throne

VO

Throne to give it to Telemachus; becaufe he
had learn'd from the Oracle, he should dye by
the Hand of his Son. He was certainly slain
by Telegonus, whom he had by Circe. See Te-
legonus. He is plac'd in the number of the
Demi-Gods. Homer. Iliad. Odyss. Hygin.
Virgil. Æneid.

VOLSCI, People of Italy.

URANIA, one of the nine Mules; she
prefided over Astronomy. She is repreſented
under the Form of a young Nymph, cloth'd
with a Robe of an azure Colour, crown'd
with Stars, ſupporting a Globe with both her
Hands; near her are a number of mathematical
Inſtruments. The Poets likewife give this
Name to Venus. See Cythera.

URN, a ſacred Veſſel, in which are enclos'd
the Fates of Mortals. Minos holds it in Hell.
See Deſtiny.

VULCAN, God of ſubterraneous Fires,
Son of Jupiter and Juno. As he was extremely
ugly and deform'd, so ſoon as he was born,
Jupiter gave him a Kick, and toſs'd him out
of Heaven. Vulcan broke his Leg by the Fall.
He marry'd Venus; and ſupply'd Jupiter with
Thunder, and had his Forges in the Ifle of
Liffara, Lemnos and Mount Ætna. The Cy-
clops his Forſmen, who had only one Eye in
the midſt of their Foreheads, work'd conſtantly
under him. See Venus, Juno. Pauſ. Strab.
Herod. Ovid. Virg. Æneid. Homer.

VULTUR. See Prometheus, Ægipius, Tityus.

VULTURNUS, one of the Winds,
which blows and flies with the greateſt Rapidity.

W WEA-

V U

W E

W R

W

W EAVING and WEB. See Arachne,
Penelope, and Philomela.

WEDGES. See Necessity.

WHEELS. See Fortune, Ixion, Occafio.

WINDS, poetical Deities, Sons of Cælus
and Terra; or, according to others, of Aſtræus
and Heribæa. Æolus was their King, and kept
them chain'd in Caverns. There were four
Cardinals, namely, Boreas, Eurus, Notus, Ze-
phyrus; according to Virgil, the others were
Corus, Circius, Favorinus, Africanus, Aquilo, Vul-
turnus, and Subſolanus.

WINGS, at Head and Heels, see Mercury,
Perseus, and Calais; Winged Horse, see Pegasus;
at the Shoulders, see Boreas, Nemeſis, Dædalus,
Fame, Victory.

WINTER, an allegorical Deity, who pre-
fided over Frosts and Ice, repreſented under the
Shape of a Man, all cover'd with Ificles, with
hoary Hair and Beard, and ſleeping in a Grot.
Sometimes in the Figure of a Woman, ſitting
near a great Fire with double Sheep-skin Cloths;
likewise often in the Shape of an old Man
warming himſelf.

WOMAN chain'd to a Rock, see Andro-
meda; riding on a Dolphin, see Melantho; arm'd
from Head to Foot, see Minerva, Bellona; on
a Bull, see Europa; wing'd, see Victory, Fame.

WOLF. See Arcas, Circe, Lycaon.

WORTHIES, the Princes who twice un-
dertook the Siege of Thebes are ſo call'd; at
the Head of whom was Adraftus, King of Argos.

WRESLING. See Pugillatus.

X XAN-

XA

ZE

X

XANTHUS, a River of Troas; with Scamander and Simois, he oppos'd the Paflage of the Greeks, by a dreadful Inunda- tion of his Waters.

One of the HorS of Achilles was also call'd Xanthus.

Z

ZEPHYRUS, the West Wind, and one of the four Cardinals. He was Son of Æolus and Aurora, according to some; he breaths so smooth, and yet so strong, that he gives Life to Trees and Fruits. He paflio- nately lov'd the Goddeſs Flora, and Chloris, by whom he had many Children. He is re- preſented under the Form of a young Man, with a serene Air, and a Crown of the choiceſt Flowers.

ZETES, Son of Boreas and Orythia, and Brother to Calais. See Calais.

ZETUS, Son of Jupiter and Antiope. When Lycus, King of Thebes, had marry'd Antiope, he suspected her to have Commerce with Epaphus, and divorc'd her immediately to marry Dirce. Jupiter then became enamour'd with Antiope, and got her with Child. Dirce, believing that Lycus had seen her, caus'd this unhappy Princeſa to be imprifon'd, and ſuffer an infinite number of Ills, 'till ſhe eſcap'd and went to Mount Cy- theron, where ſhe was deliver'd of Zetus and Am- phion,

Z O

W E

phion, whom the caus'd to be brought up by the
Shepherds: These two young Princes, being after-
wards instructed in the History of their Mother,
ty'd Dirce to the Tail of a mad Bull; and were
ever afterwards inseparable Companions. 'Tis
faid, Zetus made himself very expert in Musick.

ZODIAC, is that ſpace in the Heavens
which the Sun revolves every Year; it is divi-
ded into twelve Parts, diſtinguifh'd by ſo ma-
ny Conſtellations, which form divers Figures,
call'd the twelve Signs, whoſe Names are theſe,
Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Li-
bra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius,
and Pisces.

ZONE, a part of the Earth lying parallel
to the Æquator. The Globe is divided into
five, viz. the Torrid which extends twenty-
three Degrees and a half on each ſide of the
Æquator. The Antients believ'd this Zone to be
unpeopled, by reaſon of its excejſive Heat,
the Sun darting his Beams perpendicularly on
theſe Parts. The two Frigid lying round each
Pole, which the Antients thought alſo to be unin-
habited for their extream Cold, having only
the Sun half the Year by turns, and then very
obliquely. The two Temperate, lying between
the Torrid and the two Frigid, partaking of
the Heat of one, and the Cold of the other.
Virg. Georg. Ovid. Met. l. 1.

F I N I S.