U.S. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT: 20 grains = 1 scruple; 3 scruples = 1 dram; 8 drams = 1 ounce; 12 ounces = 1 pound.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT (short ton): 27 11/32
grains = 1 dram; 16 drams = 1 ounce; 16
ounces = 1 pound; 25 pounds = 1 quarter; 4
quarters = 1 cwt.; 20 cwt. = 1 ton.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT (long ton); 27 11/32
grains = 1 dram; 16 drams = 1 ounce; 16
ounces = 1 pound; 112 pounds = 1 cwt; 20 cwt.
= 1 ton.

TROY WEIGHT: 24 grains = 1 pennyweight; 20 pennyweights = 1 ounce; 12 ounces = 1 pound.

CIRCULAR MEASURE: 60 seconds = 1 minute; 60 minutes = 1 degree; 30 degrees = 1 sign; 12 signs = 1 circle or circumference.

CUBIC MEASURE: 1,728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot; 27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard; 128 cubic feet = 1 cord; 24½ cubic feet = 1 perch.

DRY MEASURE: 2 pints = 1 quart; 8 quarts = 1 peck; 4 pecks = 1 bushel.

LIQUID MEASURE: 4 gills = 1 pint; 2 pints = 1 quart; 4 quarts = 1 gallon; 31½ gallons = 1 barrel; 2 barrels = 1 hogshead.

LONG MEASURE: 12 inches = 1 foot; 3 feet = 1 yard; 5¼ yards = 1 rod or pole; 40 rods = 1 furlong; 8 furlongs = 1 statute mile (1,760 yards or 5,280 feet); 3 miles = 1 league.

MARINERS' MEASURE: 6 feet = 1 fathom; 120 fathoms = 1 cable length; 7½ cable lengths = 1 mile; 5,280 feet = 1 statute mile; 6,080.2 feet = 1 nautical mile; 1 knot = a speed of 1 nautical mile, or 1.151 statute miles per hour.

PAPER MEASURE: 24 sheets = 1 quire; 20 quires = 1 ream (480 sheets); 2 reams = 1 bundle; 5 bundles = 1 bale.

SQUARE MEASURE: 144 square inches = 1 square foot; 9 square feet = 1 square yard; 30½ square yards = 1 square rod or perch; 40 square

rods = 1 rood; 4 roods = 1 acre; 640 acres = 1 square mile; 36 square miles (6 miles square) = 1 township.

TIME MEASURE: 60 seconds = 1 minute; 60 minutes = 1 hour; 24 hours = 1 day; 7 days = 1 week; 365 days = 1 year; 366 days = 1 leap year.

COMMODITY WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

A pint's a pound—or very nearly—of the following: Water, wheat, butter, sugar, blackberries.

A gallon of milk weighs 8.6 lbs., cream 8.4 lbs., 46½ qts. of milk weighs 100 lbs.

A keg of nails weighs 100 lbs. A barrel of flour weighs 196 lbs.; of salt, 280 lbs.; of beef, fish or pork, 200 lbs.; cement (4 bags), 376 lbs.

Cotton in a standard bale weighs 480 lbs. A bushel of coal weighs 80 lbs.

A barrel of cement contains 3.8 cu. ft.; of oil, 42 gals.

A barrel of dry commodities contains 7,056 cu. in. or 105 dry qts.

A bushel stroked contains 2,150.42 cu. in., a bushel heaped = 2,747.7 cu. in. (Used to measure apples, potatoes, shelled corn in bins).

A peck = 537.605 cu. ins. A dry quart = 67.201 cu. ins.

An acre contains 4,840 sq. yds. or 43,560 sq. ft.
A square acre measure 208.71 feet on each side.

A board foot = 144 cu. in., a cord contains 128 cu. ft.

A barrel of flour weighs 196 lbs. net; 4½ bu. of wheat makes a barrel of "straight" flour.

1 cubic inch of water weighs .03617 lbs., 1 cubic foot weighs 62.5 lbs.

1 cu. foot = 7.48052 gals. 1 pint (liquid) weighs 1.044375 lbs. 1 gallon weighs 8.3555 lbs. 1 gallon = 231 cubic inches. 1 liquid quart = 57.75 cubic inches.