THE STORY OF OUR MAGAZINE.

67

and Collegiate Institute, Petersburg, Va. She still holds a first grade teacher's certificate.

Mrs. Dodson is making the magazine tell in Brooklyn by a rapid monthly growth. We expect soon to see Brooklyn one of our banner sections, under her wise and businesslike administration. Let all members of the race in Brooklyn rally to Mrs. Dodson's support and hold up her hands in this grand work.

MISS ANNIE L. CONNELLY, our senior agent in point of service in New York City, is a young woman of exceptional executive ability and business experience. Her efforts in spreading the circulation of our magazine have been of the most sincere and ardent character. In her circle of acquaintances and friends THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE is a household word, while to the public and unknown she lets no opportunity pass whereby our work may become known. Upon the recommendation of Miss Connelly our general agent has been fortunate in securing other reliable agents whose work has proved very successful. Miss Connelly is a faithful worker in Mt. Olivet Baptist Church, a teacher in the Sunday school, and a leading light in literary and social circles, and her influence and self-sacrificing work for her race have won her a host of admiring friends. She is secretary of the "Literary Agents' Business Club" and entry clerk for our General Agent. Miss Connelly is destined to become one of the future great women of the race.

MRS. LOLA FEREBEE of Brooklyn is another one of those whose devotion to the interests of our publication is unceasing, and who has done a great and grand work for our cause. She is a woman of few words—her work talks for her. She has been victorious in more than one battle in defending the integrity of our agents on the field. As a teacher in the Concord Baptist Sunday school, she is

beloved for her faithfulness to her class and the principles of the school. In Mrs. Ferebee our magazine has an uncompromising advocate.

MADAM ELIZABETH WILLIAMS of New York City is so well known that little need be said of her. Being possessed of rare literary ability she saw at once the great merit of our publication, THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE, and voluntarily became an ardent worker and a strong advocate for our publication.

Elizabeth Oliver was born at Lousia, Va., in 1867 of humble parents and received a public school education. Early in life she showed a great natural talent for platform work. In 1883 at Brooklyn, N. Y., she married John H. Williams, a prosperous railroad man.

Her husband, being many years her senior, realized the value of her natural dramatic power and at once employed for her the best masters obtainable; and with her own perserverance, hard work and study, she has been able to make a large success in this line.

Mme. Williams made her debut in the legitimate drama in 1894, playing "East Lynne" at the Leland Opera House, Albany, N. Y., supported by and under the management of Prof. Charles M. Van Buren (black Salvini), the greatest living Othello of today, and whose pupil she was at that time.

One year ago she temporarily retired from the stage, awaiting the preparation of a drama more suited to the race.

She now conducts a school of elocution and dramatic art in New York City. Some of her present pupils will appear with her in her new drama next season.

MRS. K. H. SPRIGGS is among those who have made a sacrifice of time and social enjoyment for the advancement of our magazine and the book—"Contending Forces." She is an ex-teacher of the Concord Baptist Sunday school, Brooklyn, N. Y., having given up her class on

THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE.

68

her removal to the Borough of Manhattan. She is a dressmaker by profession, and one whose business experience is of great value to her in making sales and collections for our literature.

MISS RUBY K. BOOKER, niece of our general agent, is affectionately called our "baby agent," but her record takes rank with many of the seniors. Her monthly reports are made out with care and exactness, and with increasing single copy sales every month. In her studies at the public school, she stands at the head of the class. Her great ambition is to become a professional teacher when her education is completed. We extend our congratulations to Miss Booker and trust that she may fully realize the height of her ambition.

MISS DAISY FOARNS, who appeared as one of the leading characters in the great cantata given at the Mt. Olivet Baptist Church not long ago, is a young woman who is intensely interested in the material advancement of the race. Being of a sweet and amiable disposition, she makes friends wherever she goes. Her efforts in handling our magazine were a success from the very start. She is prominent in literary and social and religious circles and an ardent temperance advocate.

SOMETHING of the humorous attaches to the record of Miss Sadie Price. When she applied for the agency to the magazine her application was accepted, and fifty copies of the magazine were sent to her, accompanied by a letter from our general agent with terms, etc. The letter through some mistake was never delivered, but Miss Price sold the magazines, and getting the terms to agents from Miss Foarns, took out her commission and came down to our office, introduced herself to Mr. Dodson, and reported the money. She is a hard worker, a valued teacher in the Mt. Olivet Baptist Sunday school, and as some one has

said complimentary, "Sadie Price never tires."

MRS. E. C. TREADWELL began work with us in March, and judging from her report for that month, she is destined to vie with those who have trod the path many months in advance of her. Mrs. Treadwell has a large circle of friends, and her field for a vigorous canvassing is very extensive.

MR. AARON FERRIBEE came to the rescue of our general agent when we were surveying our field in Greater New York and looking for young men who had push and ambition and who could be relied upon to go forward in this noble undertaking for the race. He has proved himself to be a great worker. Being fortunately situated, Mr. Ferribee has considerable time to give to the work of the magazine. His education and experience, coupled with his untiring energy, have helped to snatch success from the very jaws of seeming failure. He is the Financial Secretary of the "Literary Agents' Business Club" and a trusted lieutenant of our general agent.

WE shall hear more of Mr. E. N. Brodnax later. He is up near the head of the list in his monthly reports and is of great assistance to our New York office in looking up the broken links in and about the field. He comes of good old Virginia parentage and is a true son of her soil. Mr. Brodnax has business prospects in view.

MRS. S. J. WINTERS was Secretary of the New York Division of True Reformers for four years, and probably knows the name and address of more people than any one of our staff of agents. She is of a happy disposition and makes everybody about her feel that quickening impulse which comes from a great personality. Mrs. Winters makes

THE STORY OF OUR MAGAZINE.

69

a helpful acquisition of our literary
coterie.

WE regret not to have the portraits of
several of our New York agents in this
number. But honorable mention should
be made of Miss Mattie B. Freeman, Miss
E. M. Daniels, Mrs. S. J. Winters,
Messrs. John La Motte, R. W. McClellan,
Mrs. M. E. Timms, Mr. T. W. Turner
and C. B. Henderson and E. L. Williams,
whose efforts in behalf of our publications
are highly appreciated.

M. R. WALLACE (the father of our editor and agent of our Magazine in Jersey City) was born in James City County, Va., and attended Hampton Normal School, leaving to accept a position in Mecklenburg County schools.

By his successful methods he won the
respect of the community, both white and
colored, and was elected to the responsible
position of Deputy Treasurer
of the county and Commissioner of Revenue,
holding the same for a number of
years.

He was appointed immediately there-
after to the Railway Post Office, work-
ing up to the 1st class, having under him
at numerous times three and four clerks.
He was kept in office two or three years,
after the change of administration, under
Cleveland, before his official head was
severed.

He is now employed with the Pullman
Car Co., in an easy capacity, having been
injured in a wreck which disabled him for
three years.

Mr. Wallace has a host of friends and
is well known throughout the country,
besides being a prominent Mason.

MISS DAISY MARIE TRAVIS is the only
daughter of Rev. J. H. Travis, pastor of
Calvary Baptist Church, East Orange,
N. J. She attends the East Orange High
School and expects to graduate from the
Latin English course in 1904. Miss
Travis is also a member of the choir in

the church and is an elocutionist of some
note, having recited in some of the largest
colored churches in New York and
Newark. Miss Travis is representing our
magazine in East Orange, N. J.

WILLIAM A. HEATHMAN, LL.B., gen-
eral agent for Rhode Island, is a native
and resident of Providence, R. I. Mr.
Heathman is the only colored attorney
in Providence, and as such enjoys the ut-
most respect of both the Bench and Bar.
He is President of the "Citizens' Com-
mittee," which body has for some years
past directed the political interests of the
race in Providence and vicinity. In 1897
he received nomination for the General
Assembly as Representative, but declined
to run. He is actively interested in ev-
erything tending to elevate and advance
his people, and at present is serving as
Deputy Commissioner of the State in the
interest of the Charles Sumner Memorial
Monument Fund.

WE have connected with the magazine
men and women of every vocation, who
are lending their moral influence to the
steady upbuilding of a publishing busi-
ness which will leave no room for dis-
cussion as to "which is the largest Afro-
American Publishing House." Doctors,
lawyers, preachers and teachers all work
for the benefit of the race through the
magazine. There is a RACE PRIDE, and
we have felt it.

MR. F. G. STEDMAN, a successful man-
ufacturer and inventer, of East Hamp-
ton, Conn., and a man who has made his
mark, is one of our best friends and pro-
moters.

Mr. Stedman manufactures bells of all
descriptions and has made a large suc-
cess as a Negro business man.

HARRY WILLIAM EASTMAN, our Port-
land, Maine, agent, is the son of Charles
Frederick and Sarah Angelina (Parrott)
Eastman and was born in Portland,
Maine, July 10, 1875. His grandfather

70

was also named Charles Frederick Eastman. He was a strong abolitionist and a trusted associate of the late General Samuel Fessenden in operating the "underground railroad" in the days of the "Fugitive Slave Law."

Young Eastman was educated in the public schools of Portland, and after taking the prescribed course, he entered the service of the Union Mutual Life Insurance Company in its Portland office, which company he has served for ten years with appreciated fidelity.

MISS SADIE LOUISA EASTMAN, the valued assistant of her brother, H. W. Eastman, our agent, in Portland, Me., is an accomplished society young lady. She lends a refining influence which, blended with the literary excellence of our magazine, makes our publication an actual necessity to our Portland patrons. What they lack in numbers, they fully make up in appreciation.

MISS MAUDE ERMA WEEDEN, our agent at Brockton, Mass., is the daughter of Mrs. Mae Weeden, whom Dr. Wells Brown once recognized as a very able woman, and a writer of no mean order. Miss Weeden's education after leaving the high school was at the hands of special teachers at home. She has taught school in New Jersey in primary grades, also acted as vocal instructor. She is at present receiving instructions from a European graduate, also giving instructions to a number of white pupils. Her spare time is given to self-improvement, that in time may help the people of her race. She has time for neither society nor fashion, although belonging to families of both social standing and means. Her ambition is to be helpful to others.

MISS LENA V. PAUL, a prominent young lady of Buffalo, New York, handles a field, which circumstances will make one of the most hard as well as

most profitable to be worked by our well-trained agents.

The amount of prestige which the magazine will derive from the Buffalo Fair, devolves largely upon the agent of that section.

THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE has been requested to submit their publications for exhibition at the Pan-American Exposition, which they have done.

R. SAMUEL CHANDLER, our general agent at Philadelphia, is a young man with an exceedingly bright future before him. He has already proved his true business ability by the care with which he has laid out the field in the "Quaker City." He is among the most prompt of our agents in all of his dealings. Mr. Chandler is a performer of some local renown on the mandolin and guitar and is an all-round musical man.

At present he holds the responsible position of director and leader of Philadelphia's famous Twenty Century Mandolin and Guitar Club.

You will always find him easy to approach and ever ready to give you any information concerning our magazine, which he feels is an honor and pleasure to represent.

H. HARRISON WAYMAN was born at Wrightsville, York County, Pa., in 1872. He came to Philadelphia in 1882, and attended the James Forten public school. Mr. Wayman was employed by R. Dunlap & Co., the hatters, for over four years in the capacity of delivery clerk. Later he took private instructions and attended Lincoln University.

Mr. Wayman is now in the service of the leading colored newspapers, and is also agent for THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE. Mr. Wayman has contributed to various colored papers. Among his compositions are some very good recitations, including Bohemia, The Good Luck Shores, Chickamauga, The Dead Dead, and Rastus Johnson.

THE STORY OF OUR MAGAZINE.

71

MRS. S. WILLIE LAYTEN is the talented and accomplished daughter of Rev. Henry Phillips, presiding elder of Shiloh Baptist Church, Philadelphia, one of the largest colored churches of the city.

As a religious worker she is untiring and you can find her ever ready and willing to assist in anything pertaining to the good and elevation of the race.

She is a constant reader of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE and has assisted in placing it with some of the best people of Philadelphia. She is also President of the Baptist Women's National Home and Foreign Missionary Convention of America, as well as President of the Philadelphia Treble Clef, an organization composed of musical women of Philadelphia.

MRS. JOSEPH BURTON, one of our Philadelphia sub-agents, is the accomplished and attractive wife of one of Philadelphia's leading tonsorial artists. Although much sought after in society, she prefers spending most of her time in her home, where she is ever ready to make things cheerful for her many acquaintances, by her pleasant smile and exquisite taste in entertaining.

As an agent of the magazine we consider her services invaluable, as she loves the work for its real worth.

MISS CORNELIA HARRIS of Philadelphia was formerly a resident of Church Hill, Richmond, Va., where she showed much brilliancy as a social leader.

She has resided in Philadelphia, the city of her adoption, for quite a number of years and since her appearance in society here has scored the same success within the circle in which she moves.

MISS GARRETT is one of Philadelphia's young women who has made a success as a business woman, and considering the opposition in her chosen branch of business, she deserves a great deal of credit for the manner in which she has successfully

conducted the same.

She at present conducts an employment agency, with a finely equipped office and every convenience that goes to make the business complete.

It is due largely to her efforts that so many girls arriving in this city in search of work have been placed in responsible positions in every walk of life.

She is also an ardent admirer of our magazine and is in co-operation with the general agent in circulating the same throughout the city.

ALEXANDER C. DAVIS bids fair to become one of the brightest journalists of the race. He was born in the "Old Dominion," but while quite young moved to Philadelphia, and while there attended the Newton Boys' Secondary school. In 1893 he went to West Virginia and attended the Douglas High school, from which institution he graduated as valedictoryian in '99. At times Mr. Davis has been a contributor to the pages of the Richmond, Planet, Freeman, and also to the Daily Herald and Baptist Banner (white papers). After graduation he taught school and then came North, where he has resided since. He is identified with the Tribune, The American Herald, and is one of the brightest agents of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE in Philadelphia. He thinks himself doing an honor to his race by introducing this magnificent publication.

REV. JAMES A. COLE was born on a farm in Howard County, Maryland, October 14th, 1869, and is the youngest of a family of sixteen children.

He attended the public school until he was about fifteen years of age. In 1882 he entered Gammon Seminary, Atlanta, Ga., and pursued a course of study, taking the degree of B.D.

In 1890 he enlisted in the U. S. Army at Jefferson, Mo., thence to New Mexico, and Fort Custer, Montana. He served in Company B, 10th Regiment of Calvary.

72

After serving five years, and being promoted to sergeant, was honorably discharged at Fort Custer, Montana.

He then took up ministerial work and is now pastor of one of the finest Baptist Churches in Delaware County, Pa.

REV. W. ELIAS CLARK was born in the city and county of Henderson, Ky., on Monday, September 2nd, 1867, and was reared to manhood by his grand-parents, Jordan and Mary Dallam. He completed the course of instruction of the city public schools in 1882 under the efficient scholar, Prof. John K. Mason. Mr. Clark may be called a self-made man; his parents being too poor to educate him, and as his father died while he was but an infant, he was left to weed out his own row in life. He has been a Sunday school and church worker all of his life, and is prominently and widely known by the Baptists all over Kentucky. Mr. Clark is now Recording Secretary of the Young Ministers' State Association, Chairman of the Executive Board of the Young Ministers' State Sunday School Convention, General Organizer of the Baptist Women's Educational Convention of South Western Kentucky, Second Vice-President of the National Young People's Social Protective League of the United States, President of the Henderson Social Protective League, and Chaplain of Young People's Union. Rev. Mr. Clark has also spent twelve very useful years in the profession of teaching, and ranks as one of Henderson County's best school teachers. He is corresponding editor of the "Kentucky Watchman" of Henderson, and is the author of a book entitled "In Youth Prepare for Manhood." His highest ambition is to be of some use to his race. Mr. Clark is now representing THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE in Henderson, Ky.

HAYES WILSON was born in the city of Indianapolis, Ind. He received a common school education, and then took up

house decoration. He worked at that trade for eight years with a colored firm. He is at present custodian at the Y. W. C. A. Mr. Wilson is a bass singer of note, singing in the Allen Chapel, Broadway Street A. M. E. Church, and is hustling for THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE.

J. E. PERKINS was born October 8th, 1867, at Oregon, Agle County, Ill. He attended the schools of Illinois and Iowa and was a favorite among his schoolmates. Entered Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., fall of '88 and graduated in the class of '93, degree of B.S. Held every position on college paper from devil to editor, and was class poet. One of his productions, "There Ain't Nothin' Like an Old Kaintucky Flea," has been recited before teachers' institutes by one of the leading educators and institute conductors in the state. After finishing his collegiate course he accepted a position in the State Normal and Mechanical College at Normal, Ala. Also edited the Normal Index. His health failing, he was advised to go to Florida or California, but hearing of a healthful location in Kentucky, went there, which proved a boon to his health. Was three years principal of Cadiz, Ky., public schools. He was chosen to deliver an address on higher education before the First Kentucky Congressional Teachers' Association at Princeton, Ky., in 1896. Has decided views as to the needs of his race, and does not hesitate to pronounce them. Mr. Perkins is our hustling representative at Edwardsville, Ill.

OLIVER G. WATERS, our hustling general agent for Pittsburg, Pa., and vicinity, is one of the most efficient of our representatives. He is a young man, having received a thorough education as a chemist, but who has thrown his lot in with us, to assist in making THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE a large national success. Mr. Waters handles his corps

THE STORY OF OUR MAGAZINE.

73

of agents with a Napoleonic sway. By business tact, correspondence and personal supervision, he is meeting with large success. The magazine's circulation in the middle West is gradually being opened up through his systematic efforts, and we can name no agent in whom we put more confidence and from whom we receive more satisfactory results.

Mr. Waters covers more territory than any agent in our employ, and is an example in strict promptness in all business dealings.

WILLIS O. TYLER was born about three miles east of Bloomington, Indiana, in 1879. His father, Iseach Tyler, died in 1881, and his mother in 1889.

Since that time Tyler has succeeded by his own efforts in winning an education. He has worked his way through the grammar and high schools of Bloomington, and in 1897 entered the Indiana University.

In 1898 he joined Company B, I. C. V. I., under command of Captain John J. Buckner, and was corporal and company clerk.

Returning to the University he continued his studies, paying special attention to history, political science, debating and oratory.

In the spring of 1900 he was elected to lead the University debating team against Earlham College in the annual intercollegiate debate between these two schools.

In November, 1900, he was given the unanimous decision of seven judges in the primary oratorical contest to select the representative of the University at the Annual State Oratorical.

He won his decision over five other contestants. At the State Oratorical contest held at Plymouth Church, Indianapolis, Ind., February 8th, 1901, at which the seven leading colleges and universities of the state were represented, his oration, "The Middle West," won first place.

The first time a colored boy ever won the contest in Indiana, and the second one to win such a contest in the West. (Mr. Winter Wood, in 1895, won the Wisconsin State Oratorical, and also won second place in the inter-State contest.)

Mr. Tyler will represent all the colleges of Indiana at the Annual Inter-State Oratorical contest held May 2nd, 1901, at Des Moines, Iowa.

He is just initiated in the magazine agency business, but expects to "push" it up to high success.

He is yet a student at Indiana University and graduates with the class of 1902.

EDGAR B. KEEMER is one of the many workers in the interest of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE, and is a resident of Knightstown, Ind. Having always had a craving for the higher attainments of life, he, three years ago, received a diploma from the schools of that place. From there he went to the Indiana State University, at which institution he is now a sophomore. All indications point to a bright future.

ALEXANDER O. TAYLOR of Cleveland, O., is a graduate of the Newark, O., High School, and has the honor of being the first and only Afro-American ever graduated by that school and through perseverance and earnest work won the valedictoryship of the class of forty-five graduates. These honors were such as to entitle him to a four years' course at Denison University, where he took a special course in chemistry before removing to Cleveland with his parents. He is popular in church, society and business circles. He has completed a two years' course in the Cleveland School of Pharmacy and expects in the near future to appear before the State Board for certificate to practice. He is at present employed in the Cleveland Department of Public Works, his chief work being the issuing of permits to the corporations of the city for the purpose of improving their

74

lines. He is connected with St. John's, the largest colored church in his city. For nearly nine years he has been the organist and had full charge of the musical interests of the church, besides holding several other official positions. He is of a kind, willing, congenial and charitable spirit and is highly esteemed. Mr. Taylor is doing good work for our magazine in Cleveland.

MISS MARY FITZBUTLER, M.D., our correspondent and representative in Louisville, Ky., is the youngest daughter of Dr. H. Fitzbutler, Dean of the "Louisville National Medical College."

She graduated at the above named college in the class of '98.

Having had much practical hospital training, she is an accomplished nurse and capable of caring for the most serious and critical cases. In this line, of faithful and effective nurses, our people have always naturally excelled, and we can point with pride to many successful practicing female physicians of color throughout the country. Miss Fitzbutler is an enthusiastic representative of our magazine.

PRESTON TAYLOR, our general agent for Nashville, Tenn., is a successful business man who started in the undertaking business thirteen years ago without a dollar. A friend sold him a bill of goods amounting to three hundred dollars, and together with a few friendly lifts, this was his stock in trade. With this start he has handled over two hundred thousand dollars worth of business, with a saving of $50,000.

He is an enthusiastic supporter of the magazine, having personally visited Boston and inspected its business methods before taking hold of the work. Another example of "push."

J. D. COOK, agent for THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE at Milwaukee, Wis., was born in the state of Texas, and

attended the public and industrial schools. At nineteen years of age he learned the carpenters' trade. As carpentry was not his particular vocation, he is now taking a course in chemistry at the Scranton School of Correspondence, branch in Milwaukee. He is Vice-President of the Young Men's Sunday Club, and takes deep interest in things appertaining to the race.

MRS. J. W. CARTER, Secretary of St. John's Circle of Kings Daughters of Burlington, Iowa, was Miss Nina Norton of Lawrence, Kansas. She spent four years at Hobson Normal Institute at Parsons, Kansas. Mrs. Carter is the agent for Burlington, Iowa.

J. H. JACKSON, our Northwestern agent at St. Paul, Minn., was born in Virginia, but his parents and family moved to Ohio and settled at Oxford in 1853.

While not being able to acquire a common school education he was inspired through his mother with the idea that a higher education was essential for his future welfare and to assist in the elevation of his race. With this object in view he entered the hotel business, it being the only avenue opened to young colored men at that time. Mr. Jackson married at the age of twenty-two, but with the increased responsibilities wrought by family ties, found that his ambitions in regard to a higher education were impossible. He determined, however, to give his children the opportunities which dame fortune had withheld from him. Imbued with this idea, he has been enabled, through filling such positions of trust as head waiter of the Palmer House Restaurant, Chicago, steward and head waiter of hotels in various parts of the country, to graduate his daughter, Miss Cora B. Jackson, from the Chicago University, and to see her a leading school teacher in Indianapolis, Ind. Also to see his son, Harry C. Jackson, holding a po-

THE STORY OF OUR MAGAZINE.

75

sition of trust in the U. S. Mail service at Detroit, Michigan.

Mr. Jackson is at present in the employ of the Great Northern Railroad Co. at St. Paul, Minnesota. He has also established the Northwestern subscription agency for all leading colored magazines, books and newspapers of the United States, and has secured some very able assistant sub-agents and canvassers in his district.

MISS BESSIE E. MILLS was born in Chicago, Ill., and educated in the schools of Sioux City, Iowa. She is an active member of St. James A. M. E. Church, St. Paul, Minn., President of Young People's W. C. T. U., and an elocutionist of note. Miss Mills is the grand-daughter of Mrs. Caroline Patterson, one of the first founders of Bethel Church, Chicago. Miss Mills is also an admirer of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE and assistant agent, with Mr. J. H. Jackson, Northwestern Agency of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE, St. Paul, Minn.

ALLEN WALTER WHITE, one of our energetic agents, was born in Elizabeth, N. C. After finishing the public schools of the city, he spent two sessions at the Colored State Normal School. Too much cannot be said to the honor of this enterprising young man. He was appointed reporter for the Eastern Herald, a paper which was published in Edenton, N. C., and his journalistic ability soon won for him a place on the staff of editors. We predict for Mr. White a large success with THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE.

MRS. ANNA HARRISON BROWN, our agent at Richmond, Va., was born in Cumberland County, Va., in 1865, but went to New York in 1882, remained there seven years as cook to the sister-in-law of Tiffany, the celebrated jeweler. She returned to Richmond in 1889, where she has since been engaged by THE

COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE, where she has been a faithful, untiring worker for the success of same. In speaking of the Magazine, she says: "The Magazine has been the making of me, and I am going to help to make the Magazine." She has a method of her own in selling books, and has achieved wonderful success. She is a thorough business woman, a person of great ambition, an earnest church worker and is possessed of a voice of great volume, being leader of the choir of the First Colored Christian Church. Mrs. Brown has never had more than three months' schooling.

NELSON WINSTON was born April 16, 1872, on the old homestead of his grandfather, known as "Cherry Row," near the town of Ashland, Hanover County, Virginia. Entering school at an early age, ten years was spent in learning. After leaving school a stay of three years was made at home after which Mr. Winston came to the city of Richmond, Virginia, and engaged in the business of confectioner, in which he has made a large success, and is the only colored man in that city that does a general confectionery business. Mr. Winston is agent for THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE, of which he is a great admirer.

WILLIAM A. GRIGG was born May 5th, 1875, in the historic city of Petersburg, Va. He obtained the rudiments of an education in the public schools of his native city. Mr. Grigg is a printer by trade, having begun work as early as '92 in the office of the Petersburg Herald. He is now serving on the force of the Afro-American Presbyterian and is editor-in-chief of the Argus, both of which are published at Biddle University, Charlotte, N. C., of which institution he is an intimate, and a member of the class of '03 in the A.B. course. Mr. Grigg is one of the most promising young men of the race. He has a sound mind in a sound

76

body and might, in common parlance, be termed a "hustler." He is making things "hum" about Charlotte and vicinity in the interest of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE, having recently accepted agency for same.

JNO. W. CICERO SMITH of Kinston, N. C., is a young man who is fast making his advent among the leading Negroes of today. He has had but a normal school education. In addition to this early training, he has also become efficient as a first class carpenter. He was state traveling agent for the "Kinston Search Light," and succeeded well with it. After the discontinuance of that journal he accepted agency of the "People's Benevolent Benefit" and the "United Endowment Societies" of North Carolina and Washington, D. C. He was elected June 15th, '97, orator of the I. O. of G. S. of D. S. of North Carolina, being but twenty-one years of age at that time.

He is the youngest orator in the history of Samaritanism in the state.

Mr. Smith is now agent for THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE and bids fair to make a very large success of the same in his section.

S. T. L. WATERS, agent for the magazine at Meridian, Miss., was born near Meridian, Miss., February 22nd, 1881. His people moved to that city when he was but a small boy. He entered the city public school, graduating from the Wechsen Colored School in 1899, at the head of his class. Mr. Waters is taking much interest in his work, and we predict for him a large success.

WILLIAM H. JOYCE, our agent at Albuquerque, N. M., was born in Washington, D. C., in 1867, and attended the Good Hope School for eight years. He came to Chicago in 1881 and accumulated seven hundred dollars with which he opened a grocery store on Armour avenue. He was employed at the

World's Columbian Exposition in the Horticultural Building for six months. He is a member of the Golden Fleece Lodge, No. 1615, G. U. O. O. F., in good standing, going as high as P. N. F. He went to Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1896. He there formed a partnership with J. M. Griffin to publish The Albuquerque American, an Afro-American journal of news, comment and opinion. He is business manager of The Albuquerque American.

W. H. LEWIS of Waco, Texas (the agent for this magazine in that section), is one of our rising young men. He was born in Brenham, Texas, March 1st, 1875. His mother died when he was but two weeks old, and to his grandmother was intrusted his bringing up. At the age of seven he entered the public school of his native town, where his progress was something far beyond the average. He left school at the age of thirteen and went into business for himself, selling watermelons, soda water and milk-shakes. At night he studied hard, taking a private course in book-keeping, penmanship and commercial business until he was qualified to enter the firm of R. S. Scott as clerk. We next find him as a trained nurse in a hospital, where he received a useful knowledge of the compounding of drugs. He went to Waco a few years ago to become the drug clerk of the Diamond Pharmacy, one of the largest drug stores in the United States owned by a colored man. He is a bright society and literary light of the town, and one of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE's best agents in Texas, and bids fair to be one of the leading business men of the race, who are endeavoring to solve the race question along the lines of business.

JOSIAH JOHNSON is one of the public school teachers of Jamaica, B. W. I. After finishing his three years' course as a sub-teacher, passing creditably all the ex-

aminating year 1881, Johnson the protégé of the late Prof. W. C. Johnson. In 1885, first class, and certified as a teacher, he entered the Normal School, Johnson Town, Bakersfield, California. In 1887, he is also a member of the National Education Association, and has been selected by the State Education Commission to represent his State at the next National Education Association convention.

Mr. Lewis has been selected by the National Education Association to present a paper at the February meeting of the State Education Commission.

We are pleased to note that Mr. Lewis has been selected by the National Education Association to present a paper at the February meeting of the State Education Commission.

THE STORY OF OUR MAGAZINE.

77

aminations, he became principal in the year 1880, at the age of eighteen. Mr. Johnson has had a long experience in the profession, and has established the reputation of being a successful teacher. In 1885 he obtained, on examination, a first class government Teacher's Certificate, and in 1893 he won the first prize and certificate for the best essay on Hygiene, restricted to teachers of Elementary schools in Jamaica, which was offered by the Jamaica Institute. Mr. Johnson is now Principal of the Stewart Town B. W. I. Government school. He is also organist of the Baptist Church and Superintendent of the Sunday school. Mr. Johnson is a staunch friend of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE.

LEWIS A. FAULKNER, who will represent our magazine at Monrovia, Liberia, W. C. A., sailed for Liberia on the 28th of February last. He is engaged in the Pioneer work of the American Liberian Improvement Co. in Monrovia.

WE are glad this month to present the active members of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE Club. It was organized in Putnam, Conn., several months ago by Miss Josephine Hall, for the literary and social advancement of its members.

The club subscribes to the magazine, read the articles, and have general discussions, and by this means not only the members but the families which they represent are benefited.

Miss Winney Bates acts as President and Miss Grace Leathers fills the office of Secretary. Some members of the club are very musical.

Miss Cora Spalding is a dressmaker, and not only the colored people are served by her, but many whites. Other members are equally successful in their several vocations.

THE Woman's Progressive Club of Worcester, Mass., was organized on September 12, 1898, by Miss Elizabeth Carter of New Bedford, who was at that time Secretary of the North Eastern Federation of Women's Clubs, and who is now ably serving as President of the Federation. This club was formed with twenty-four charter members and has worked along slowly but surely to gain their desired aim of founding a home for the aged and a day nursery for our race in this city. There have been many changes and various other obstacles to overcome during this period, yet we have conquered thus far. Various entertainments have been given to raise funds for the purpose in view.

This club is the first and only colored organization ever formed in Worcester that has been incorporated. The club was incorporated October 2, 1900, and on October 23rd a Home for the Aged and Day Nursery was opened on Liberty street, and since then the people of our city have contributed in many ways toward the support of the same. The home is a double house of eight rooms and has been repaired and greatly improved, and has a spacious yard.

We have only one inmate at present, a baby, who came to the home soon after it was opened.

The club is striving now to raise money to pay for the house, and is receiving the hearty co-operation of our friends.

A young ladies' auxiliary has been formed, known as the Frances Harper Club, with a membership of over twenty, and they are working in the interest of the Day Nursery Department.

The Ladies' Club has a membership of thirty-eight, and we are striving to make this house a success, and hope that it may prosper and become in time an honor to our city and our race.

78

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHERS' ANNOUNCEMENTS.

COLORED CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY,

5 PARK SQUARE, BOSTON, MASS.

WALTER W. WALLACE, Managing Editor.

H. S. FORTUNE, Asst. Sec. and Treasurer.

JESSE W. WATKINS, Secretary and Asst. Treas.

W. A. JOHNSON, Advertising Manager.

Our efforts to tell the "Story of Our Magazine" in this issue, have met with a large measure of success, although we deeply regret the fact that there are a large number of our agents whose portraits do not appear herewith, as they reached us too late. It requires several weeks to produce a magazine of our present high standard, and to get the best possible results much time is taken in the engraving and printing.

We shall, however, publish from time to time, in our Here and There Department, the portraits and sketches of those of our agents and representatives who do not appear in this issue.

In this connection we would call special attention to the fact that we are desirous at all times of adding to our corps of active agents, and are prepared to offer to any lady or gentleman who desires to represent us, a proposition that will enable them to make money. The magazine needs but to be shown to meet with instant success in any section. There are many towns and cities in the centre, south, and west where an active, energetic canvass of our publication would result in much profit to the agent. If interested write us at once for "confidential letter to agents."

We are assured by subscribers throughout the country that in our endeavor to make each issue better than its predecessor we are meeting with success. This is of course very gratifying to us, but we assure all readers that we shall not abate one iota of our energy to ever push and keep at the front this magazine,

and to show at all times the progress that is constantly being made by our people. The June number will contain a most timely and interesting article on "The Life and Work of The Late Rev. John Jasper," which cannot fail to be of great interest. It will be illustrated by many photographs taken especially for this article.

The June number will also contain the most interesting article in Prof. Hamedoe's valuable series, and will be entitled, "Rainilaiairivony, Prime Minister of Madagascar." It will treat of the manners and customs of the people of Madagascar, and will be fully illustrated from nearly a dozen photographs and portraits, showing the various tribes and their many strange characteristics. It will be an interesting and instructive contribution.

"The Prevailing Styles for Summer" (which will appear in our June issue) is the first of a series of fashion articles for our readers by Madame L. Rumford of New York City. We feel sure that this entire series will appeal very strongly to our lady patrons, and we can assure them that Mme. Rumford's standing as a prominent modiste of Greater New York gives assurance that her work will be entirely up-to-date in every respect. The entire series will be illustrated by sketches and drawings prepared exclusively for this magazine by Mme. Rumford.

In an early number (probably July) we shall publish a most valuable article on the present conditions in the far East, entitled "Maniia and Its Opportunities," by Chas. Steward, son of Chaplain T. G.

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHERS ANNOUNCEMENTS.

Steward, U. S. A., who is now in Manila. Being in close touch with his father through regular correspondence, Mr. Steward has special facilities to write authentically on the subject. The article will be fully illustrated by a large number of special photographs showing the present conditions in our most Eastern possessions.

A WORD TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS.

With this issue, beginning our second year, there are many of our regular subscribers whose time has expired, and whom we feel confident will renew without delay. To all old subscribers who send in their renewal by or before June 1st, 1901, we will send FREE the beautiful picture of "The Young Colored American," size 18x24 inches, suitable for framing. It is a beautiful art work and should be in every home.

This offer DOES NOT apply to any subscribers who have already had one copy of the premium picture, but solely to those whose subscriptions are now expiring, and who have not as yet had the same presented to them.

We regret that there has been any delay in filling the constantly increasing demand for this popular picture, but for the past month or more the very cloudy weather we have been having has greatly delayed the work on our new edition, which has been ordered for some time. The special method by which these prints are made requires clear sunlight to get the really artistic effect which is so pleasing in the finished picture. We have assurance, however, that the picture will be ready to ship early in this month, and we have, by ordering a very large edition, guarded against any delay on future orders. We would ask that those subscribers who have not as yet received their picture, possess their souls in patience for a short time, as the picture will be mailed to all by the second week in May, at the latest.

A SUGGESTION TO OUR PREMIUM WORKERS.

To all those who are working to obtain one of our beautiful Premium Watches we would give the following advice: Do not wait until you have the club of eight names completed, but send them in, one or two at a time, as they are paid for. You will find this a great help, as it will surely assist you in getting other orders from the mere fact of advertising the magazine in your town. The hundreds of watches we have already sent out have invariably met every expectation, and all our workers are more than pleased with them. It is the finest premium watch ever offered for the money—has a five-year guarantee from the manufacturers. If you have not yet started to work for this premium, begin immediately. Write us at once for full particulars and sample copies, and you can own the watch within a week.

The book, "Contending Forces," by Miss Hopkins, is meeting with the highest praise from all sections, and from both races. A story that every member, and friend, of the Negro race should read; it is a most fascinating, as well as a thorough race-work, and is dedicated to the best interest of the Negro everywhere. It is a book that will arouse interest wherever read, as it is the most powerful narrative yet published, of the wrongs and injustice perpetrated on the race. It is startling in the array of facts shown and logical in the arguments it presents.

For a short time we are prepared to offer a limited number of copies of this powerful story FREE, as we feel sure that a few copies in each town will immediately sell a still larger number, once the book is well known. As the number to be thus given away is strictly limited, you should apply at once in order to be in season. If interested write us immediately for our "Free Book Offer."

["BRANCH OFFICES OF THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE.", "BALTIMORE, MD., 21 E. Saratoga Street. JOSEPH GARNER, General Agent.", "GREATER NEW YORK, 45 Park Place, N. Y. City. N. BARNETT DODSON, General Agent.", "CHICAGO, ILL., 182 West Jackson Boulevard. W. J. SKILLERN, General Subscription Agent.\n6009 Ada Street. C. EUGENE HOWARD, Western Advertising Agent.", "NASHVILLE, TENN., 449 North Cherry street. PRESTON TAYLOR, General Agent.", "PHILADELPHIA, PA., 714 Marvine Street. R. S. CHANDLER, General Agent.", "PITTSBURG, PA., 223 Fifth Avenue. OLIVER G. WATERS, General Agent.", "ST. LOUIS, MO., 1929 market street. N. H. WRIGHT, General Agent.", "ST. PAUL, MINN., 554 Broadway. J. H. JACKSON, General Agent.", "Following is a list of The Colored American Magazine agents as far as appointed, arranged by states. We shall add to the same from month to month.", "ALABAMA.", "Montgomery—J. H. FAGAIN.", "Selma—WM. H. SHACKLEFORD, 815 Broad Street.", "CALIFORNIA.", "San Francisco—MISS LILLIE A. DEAN, 717 Bush Street.", "COLORADO.", "Colorado Springs—H. C. HAWKINS, 104 S. Cascade Avenue.\nDenver—A. A. WALLER, 2913 Welton Street.", "CONNECTICUT.", "Hartford—MRS. CHAS. H. WILLIAMS, 90 Fairmount Street.", "New Haven—MISS MARY JONES, 65 Edgewood Avenue.", "DISTRICT COLUMBIA.", "Washington—G. B. ANDERSON, 1517 15th Street, N. W.", "FLORIDA.", "Palatka—REV. C. HAROLD UGGAMS.", "GEORGIA.", "Atlanta—MABEL M. BROCKETT, 2 Lyons Avenue.", "Augusta—MISS SUSAN M. YERLEY, The Hill.", "Macon—J. H. WALKER, 380 Monroe Street.", "Savannah—JOHN W. ARMSTRONG, 13 Bull Street.", "ILLINOIS.", "Champaign—MRS. MAME E. M. MATTHEWS, 41 N. Hickory St.\nSpringfield—E. ALLEN WHITE, 1312 E. Monroe Street.", "INDIANA.", "Indianapolis—HAYES WILSON, 329 Penn Street.", "CHAS. H. STEWART, Care, \"The Freeman.\"", "IOWA.", "Davenport—MISS GERTRUDE RICHARDSON, 542 E. 11th Street.\nDes Moines—MRS. ELLA H. SMITH, Sub. Station 3.", "KANSAS.", "Atchison—I. P. STEPHENS, 727 Commercial Street.", "KENTUCKY.", "Bowling Green—W. G. EDWARDS, 502 College Street.", "Henderson—REV. W. E. CLARK, 720 Dixon Street.", "Louisville—M. R. FITZBUTLER.", "Paducah—IRVIN CLARK.", "LIBERIA. (W. C. A.)", "Monrovia—LEWIS A. FAULKNER.", "LOUISIANA.", "Alexandria—W. M. KING.", "MAINE.", "Portland—HARRY W. EASTMAN, 75 Spring Street.", "MARYLAND.", "Annapolis—MISS M. E. WATKINS, 17 South Street.", "MASSACHUSETTS.", "Worcester—MRS. M. R. GORDON, 11 Ashland Street.", "CHAS. WEEKS, 1 Winfield Street.", "MICHIGAN.", "Detroit—F. G. BRADFORD, 497 E. Larned Street.", "MISSOURI.", "St. Joseph—J. A. TRUE, 715 N. 24th Street.", "St. Louis—P. T. EMORY, 406 N. 8th Street.", "MONTANA.", "Helena—WM. WHEATON, 14 South Davis Street.", "NEBRASKA.", "Omaha—J. MONROE DORSEY, Room 9, Crouse Block.", "NEW JERSEY.", "Atlantic City—ROBERT A. TOOMEY, 111 N. Tenn. Avenue.", "Bayonne—C. W. MULFORD, care of Mechanics Trust Co.", "East Orange—MISS Q. E. TAYLOR, 12 Princeton Street.", "Jersey City—M. R. WALLACE, 155 Hallaby Street.", "Long Branch—M. J. COOPER.", "“ J. H. PERKINS, 175 Belmont Avenue.", "Montclair—W. H. NEWTON, 164 Bloomfield Avenue.", "Summit—MISS VIOLET A. JOHNSON, 152 Summit Avenue.", "NEW MEXICO.", "Las Cruces—E. D. WILLIAMS, 101 N. Main Street.", "Albuquerque—W. H. JOYCE, Box 210.", "NEW YORK.", "Albany—WATERS HORNER, 66 Lafayette Street.", "Brooklyn—MRS. N. B. DODSON, 162 Prince Street.", "Buffalo—MISS LENA PAUL, 509 Michigan Street.", "New York—B. F. Thomas, 213 W. 53d Street.", "“ ERNEST C. WILLIAMS, 229 E. 6th Street.", "NORTH CAROLINA.", "Charlotte—WM. A. GRIGG, care of Biddle University.", "Edenton—I. F. LEIGH.", "Elizabeth City—A. W. WHITE.", "Newberne—C. E. PHYSIC, 85 Queen Street.", "Raleigh—T. H. WITHERSPOON, 539 Newberne Avenue.", "Tarboro—N. B. BROWN, Box 193.", "Wilmington—R. D. DIEW, 12 N. 2d Street.", "OHIO.", "Cincinnati—H. B. BROOKS, 425 Elizabeth Street.", "Cleveland—ALEX. O. TAYLOR, 127 Harmon Street.", "Wilberforce—S. S. CURRY, care of Payne Theological Seminary.", "PENNSYLVANIA.", "Philadelphia—H. HARRISON WAYMAN, 1022 So. 12th Street.", "“ MAJOR C. WEAYER, 528 S. Fifteenth Street.", "RHODE ISLAND.", "Providence—WM. A. HEATHMAN, 20 Market Square.", "SOUTH CAROLINA.", "Charleston—ISAAC G. CURTIS, 8 Cromwell Alley.", "TENNESSEE.", "Clarksville—W. L. JOHNSON, Box X.", "TEXAS.", "Austin—DR. E. W. D. ABNER, 306 E. 6th Street.", "“ MRS. M. B. PIERCE, 803 E. 11th Street.", "Beaumont—WM. ARCHIBALD, Box 267.", "San Antonio—MRS. C. H. ELLIS, 201 N. Cherry Street.", "Waco—W. H. LEWIS, 102 E. Side Square.", "VIRGINIA.", "Charlottesville—C. H. BULLOCK, 225 4th Street.", "Hampton—MRS. J. C. WILLIAMS, Court Street.", "Lexington—PATRICK A. PAYNE.", "Newport News—L. J. GREEN, 649 23rd Street.", "Norfolk—E. B. CANADAY, 135 Queen Street.", "SAMUEL L. DUDLEY, 294 Brewer Street.", "Portsmouth—JEFFERY T. WILSON, Carroll Street.", "Richmond—MRS. ANNIE H. BROWN, 1226 N. 2d Street.", {"bbox": [

Metropolitan Mercantile and Realty Co.

(INCORPORATED)

CAPITAL STOCK, $100,000.

PRESIDENT'S OFFICE.

OFFICERS.

<table><tr><td>P. SHERIDAN BALL,</td><td>President</td></tr><tr><td>Real Estate Dealer</td><td>New Jersey</td></tr><tr><td>J. H. ATKINS, L. L. B.,</td><td>Treasurer</td></tr><tr><td>New York</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L. C. COLLINS, L. L. B.,</td><td>Secretary</td></tr><tr><td>New York</td><td></td></tr></table>

DIRECTORS.

<table><tr><td>JERRY BATTLE, Merchant</td><td>New York</td></tr><tr><td>CHARLES B. COLES</td><td>New York</td></tr><tr><td>L. C. COLLINS</td><td>New York</td></tr><tr><td>R. B. THOMPSON</td><td>New Jersey</td></tr><tr><td>J. H. ATKINS</td><td>New York</td></tr><tr><td>P. SHERIDAN BALL</td><td>New Jersey</td></tr><tr><td>G. C. LEMON</td><td>New York</td></tr><tr><td>E. R. WILLIAMS, Architect</td><td>New York</td></tr></table>

COUNSELLORS.

New Jersey Registration and Trust Company, of New Jersey.

GENERAL OFFICES:

150 NASSAU STREET, ♫ ♣ NEW YORK CITY.

Suite 1334-1335.

See advertisement in the front part of this magazine.

TREASURER'S OFFICE.

HARTONA

THE GRANDEST OF ALL PREPARATIONS FOR THE HAIR. THE ORIGINAL AND ONLY HARTONA. MATCHLESS, AND POSITIVELY UNEQUALED FOR STRAIGHTENING ALL KINKY, KNOTTY, STUBBORN, HARSH, CURLY HAIR.

HARTONA will make the hair grow long and soft, straight and beautiful. Makes the hair grow on both and thin places. Restores GRAY HAIR to its original color. Hartona cures dandruff, baldness, falling out of the hair, itching, and all scalp diseases. Hartona does not have to be used all the time, as it straightens the hair and gives it fresh life and lustre, and the hair stays and grows naturally beautiful and straight after the use of Hartona. No hot irons necessary. No pasting the hair down with grease. Hartona is positively harmless—one box can be used by everyone in the family. Benefits and improves children's hair just the same as adults. To meet the popular and

ever-increasing demand for Hartona Hair Grower and Straightener, we have placed it on sale in 25c. and 50c. sizes, in our special round, patent box. See that the word Hartona is on every box.

Money positively refunded if you are not absolutely delighted with the Hartona remedies. Remember, we handle no fake goods, and you are positively protected by our $100 guarantee to anyone proving otherwise. All our remedies are trademarked, registered and copyrighted at United States Patent Office at Washington, D. C., in the years 1892 and 1900. We refer you, as to our responsibility, to the City Bank of Richmond, Va., Adams and Southern Express Companies, and to the editor of this magazine.

We want lady and gentleman agents, white or colored, in every city and town in the United States. Write to us today, no matter if you are employed or not, and we will show you how to make a splendid living, with easy and pleasant work, and no risk of losing your good money. Write to us and we will send you a book of over one hundred genuine testimonials in your own State of people who have used and are using Hartona remedies. Is this not fair and honest enough?

HARTONA FACE WASH. Hartona Face Wash will gradually turn the skin of a black person five or six shades lighter, and will turn the skin of a mulatto person perfectly white. The skin remains soft and bright without continual use of the face wash. One bottle does the work.

Hartona Face Wash will remove wrinkles, dark spots, pimples, blackheads, freckles, and all blemishes of the skin. You can regulate the shade of skin on neck, face and hands to any shade you wish. Full directions with each bottle.

Hartona Face Wash is perfectly harmless, and is sent to any part of the United States on receipt of price, 50c. per bottle; securely sealed from observation. It is your duty to look as beautiful as possible. Thousands of delighted patrons send us testimonials every year.

Please remember that your money is positively refunded if you are not perfectly satisfied and delighted with the Hartona remedies.

HARTONA NO-SMELL. Hartona No-Smell will remove all smells and bad odors of the body; cures sore and aching feet, chafed limbs, etc.

Hartona No-Smell is a godsend to all persons suffering from disagreeable odors caused by perspiration of the feet, armpits, etc. Sent anywhere on receipt of price, 10 cents and 25 cents a package. Address all orders to

HARTONA REMEDY CO., 909 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.

SPECIAL GRAND OFFER. Send us one dollar, and mention this Magazine, and we will send you three large boxes of HARTONA HAIR GROWER AND STRAIGHTENER, two large bottles of HARTONA FACE WASH, and one large box of HARTONA NO-SMELL. Goods will be sent securely sealed from observation.

Write your name and post-office and express-office address very plainly. Money can be sent by post-office money order, or enclosed in a registered letter, or by express. Address all orders to

HARTONA REMEDY CO., 909 East Main St., Richmond, Va.

CAUSTIC & CLAFLIN, PRINTERS, CAMBRIDGE, MASS

The Colored American Magazine

SUBSCRIPTION, $1.50 A YEAR . . . . . 15 CENTS A NUMBER

CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1901.

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>PAGE.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>THE SHAW MEMORIAL MONUMENT</td><td>Frontispiece.</td></tr><tr><td>JUNE LYRICS</td><td>Wm. Stanley Braithwaite. 83</td></tr><tr><td>FAMOUS MEN OF THE NEGRO RACE.</td><td>SARGEANT W. H. CARNEY.</td></tr><tr><td>With portrait.</td><td>Pauline E. Hopkins. 84</td></tr><tr><td>RAINILAIARIVONY, PRIME MINISTER OF MADAGASCAR.</td><td>S. E. F. C. C. Hamedoe. 89</td></tr><tr><td>Seventeen illustrations.</td><td>James R. Tines. 102</td></tr><tr><td>INFLUENCE (Poem)</td><td>Augustus M. Hodges. 103</td></tr><tr><td>THE SOLUTION TO "THE NEGRO PROBLEM".</td><td>Georgia F. Stewart. 105</td></tr><tr><td>AUNT 'RIA'S TEN DOLLARS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FASCINATING BIBLE STORIES (Joseph and Moses or Israel in Egypt.)</td><td>Charles Winslow Hall. 108</td></tr><tr><td>THE MOTHER'S QUESTION (Poem)</td><td>Augustus M. Hodges. 116</td></tr><tr><td>HAGAR'S DAUGHTER (Serial)</td><td>Sarah A. Allen. 117</td></tr><tr><td>TO MY OLD HOME (Poem)</td><td>Richard Cecil Rogers. 129</td></tr><tr><td>Illustrated.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FASHIONS FOR EARLY SUMMER</td><td>Mme. Rumford. 130</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">With illustrations designed exclusively for this Magazine by the Author.</td></tr><tr><td>HERE AND THERE</td><td>135</td></tr><tr><td>CHICAGO NOTES</td><td>Albreta Moore Smith. 149</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">With portrait.</td></tr><tr><td>A FEAST WITH THE FILIPINOS</td><td>Lieut. H. F. Wheaton, 49th Inf'ty. 154</td></tr><tr><td>A RETROSPECT</td><td>Ada B. Jackson. 156</td></tr><tr><td>RACE ISSUES</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENTS</td><td>157</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>158</td></tr></tbody></table>

Remit money by Post-office or Express Money Order, Registered Letter or Draft. We cannot be accountable for money sent unless letter is registered. Postage stamps (2-cent) received for any amount up to two dollars. Rejected MSS. will be returned to contributor when accompanied by the necessary postage, and not otherwise.

HINTS IN REGARD TO MSS.—Manuscript should be written on one side only. Quality, not quantity, will be considered. Be concise and condense your matter. If in sympathy, write us a testimonial of approval.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION.

Address all communications and make all checks, etc, payable to

THE COLORED CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

The Frederick...
...Douglass Watch.

A Premium Watch which Breaks The Record. Read carefully our Offer Below.

FREE FOR ONE DAYS' WORK.

A GENTLEMAN'S watch with the bust of Hon. Frederick Douglass on the case. We have secured for our friends the most serviceable watches ever made; they are stem winders and stem setters, having all the modern appliances known to the watchmakers' art. The cases are nickel silver. They are made on the celebrated thin model plan. Remember this is not a small clock commonly called a watch, but a highly jeweled, nickel movement, made by one of the celebrated watch manufacturers in America, on our order. These watches are guaranteed by the manufacturers, and if not found exactly as represented this guarantee is assumed by us. Watches like these a generation ago would have cost $20 if they could have been produced, but the fact is, it contains appliances then unknown. Each watch has been properly adjusted and will be sent in running order. Its character: They have a jewel balance wheel. The cases are nickel silver. Are stem winding and stem setting. They have a duplex movement. Free to any one sending $4 for two yearly subscriptions, or $2 for one yearly and $1-$3 in all. This watch and The Colored American, one year for $3. The watch as a special inducement, postpaid, to any one sending $2.25.

It will be seen therefore from the above that no one need be without a watch equal for timekeeping to any in the neighborhood, a single day longer. Indeed it will not take a day for any one to get a small club of subscribers for The Colored American, the national newspaper of the race and the newest and best race journal published. Try it once and see for yourself how easy it is to get this watch and to get only two subscribers for The Colored American. Don't lose time but attend to this matter as soon as you see this notice. Money can be sent by Post Office Money Order, Express Order, Bank Check, or Registered Letter. Address—

...THE COLORED AMERICAN...

459 C St., N. W. Washington, D. C.

New Factors
in the
Investment World.

Close on the heels of his white brother, the colored man is crowding to-day in the interesting race for wealth and fame. This country has had its Frederick Douglas, its Booker Washington and others, all of whom have in their respective fields made the world better for their living, and who would say him nay if the colored man, realizing the opportunities and necessities of commercial and mercantile lives, should decide to travel those paths so well beaten by white men? There are to-day living in the United States millions of colored people, most of whom are eagerly seeking better educations, and with education comes the desire to be something in the busy world at large. Timid at first as to his individual aptitude for mercantile and commercial pursuits, it is only natural there should be a combination of forces and ideas, such as was marshalled under the banner of the Metropolitan Mercantile & Realty Co., at 150 Nassau Street, New York. The father of that very lusty youngster was P. Sheridan Ball, a dealer in real estate of New Jersey, who a few months ago conceived the idea that through co-operation it was possible to not alone give the colored man a colored man's own store, a colored man's own house, purchased on easy and convenient monthly payments, but to give employment in those same stores, the erection of those homes, and in various other ways to those co-operating in the enterprise by the purchase of stock. Seeking only the collaboration and assistance of those best known to their race, J. H. Atkins, L. L. B., New York, and L. C. Collins, L. L. B., New York, were prevailed on to join him as officers. July 3rd, 1900, they incorporated, under the State Laws of New Jersey with 20,000 shares of $5.00 each. At the first meeting, Mr. Ball was elected President, Mr. Atkins, Treasurer, and Mr. Collins, Secretary, and following are the Directors:—Jerry Battle, New York; J. H. Atkins, New York; Charles B. Coles, New York; P. Sheridan Ball, New Jersey; L. C. Collins, New York; R. B. Thompson, New Jersey; G. C. Lemon, and E. R. Williams. They opened their first store November 10th, in this city, 500 Lenox Avenue, and others, they claim, will be opened as fast as stock is sold, which is now being offered in lots of 5, 10, 15, 20 shares, and upwards, payable $1.00 per share upon subscribing and 40 cents per share monthly until paid; but should the subscriber elect to purchase the stock by one cash payment, he will receive 6 per cent discount thereon. It is expected that no less than 10 per cent will be realized annually, considering economy of management and other co-operative features. The lands bought are selected by the Association's stockholders and reached by a 5 cent fare; the houses erected to be according to the taste of the buyer. Mr. Ball, the President of the Association, has shown us many unique and original ideas in connection with its workings, and through the efforts of himself and his brother officers the stock has found ready sale, and 8000 shares, to date, will soon be in the hands of those able to foresee the possibilities of such an investment. It is always interesting to note the progress of new undertakings, but especially one that gives promise of a future such as the above, and unlike many others, combining philanthropy and profit.

—Editorial from Leading New York Financial Paper o
November 26th, 1900.

When answering advertisement be sure to mention The Colored American Magazine.

RIPANS
CURE
DIZZINESS

A plain, straightforward statement regarding Ripans
Tabules is herewith made by a middle-aged lady living in
Memphis, Tenn. I have been a great sufferer for years. About
twelve months since I became a victim to dizziness or vertigo.
So badly was I affected as to fall and become insensible. I
consulted several prominent physicians, but their prescriptions
did no good whatever. All my life I have been bitterly opposed
to patent medicine. Am the widow of a surgeon and physician.
I chanced to read your advertisement and sent for fifty cents'
worth of Ripans Tabules. I took one Tabule three times daily,
and when all were gone found myself free from that horrible
affliction, although I had been afflicted for months. Hoping
there are other sufferers who may learn the virtues to be found
in your pleasant remedy, I am yours gratefully.

WANTED.—A case of bad health that R-I-P-A-N-S will not benefit. They banish pain and prolong life. One gives relief. Note the word R-I-P-A-N-S on the package, and accept no substitute. R-I-P-A-N-S, 10 for 5 cents, may be had at any drug store. Ten samples and one thousand testimonials will be mailed to any address for 5 cents, forwarded to the Ripans Chemical Co., No. 10 Spruce Street, New York.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

City, Aug. 10, 1893.—To whom it may concern: I feel it my duty also in the interest of humanity for me to write these few lines that others may be benefited as I have been. I am sixty years old and have long been a sufferer. At one time I had made my will and prepared to die. I suffered with the dropsy and a combination of other diseases and could get no relief until I met Mr. B. Mitchell, who has an office at 2528 State Street. I went under his treatment, was soon a much improved woman, and now I can say I have good health,

Respectfully,
Mrs. Wilson.

B. MITCHELL REMEDY CO.
2528 STATE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL.

For GARMENTS AND CLOTHING Call and see

T. J. HUNTER,
3151 State Street, (2d Floor), Chicago, Ill.

I will clothe a man or woman from head to foot for cash or on easy payments.

WHEN VISITING WORCESTER STOP AT
AVERY'S HOTEL

6 Layard Place (rear of 235 Main St.)

Location Central. Terms Reasonable.

Only Colored Hotel in Central Massachusetts.

CHAS. L. AVERY, Prop. and Manager.

House Painter and Paper Hanger

Fresco Painting and Tinting a Specialty.
Estimates cheerfully given.
All orders promptly attended to.

I. S. MOORE,
38 HOLYOKE STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

$1.00 A YEAR
For The Georgia Republican

a National Negro Weekly Newspaper. Contains sketches and the doings of the race. Every lover of the race should read it, because for the practical, helpful matter it contains. Because its editors are the brainiest negro writers of the present age. Because it is bright, clean and up-to-date in every respect. Because it has been remarked by some of our white brothers of the Southern States, 'that the niger aint got no sence.' Because these editors oppose mob law and disfranchising of the negroes. Patronize race enterprise by sending $1.00 for a year's subscription by to-day's mail. Address,

The Georgia Republican,

Subscription Department,

LaGrange, Ga.

Belgian Hares

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

Belgian Hare Guide, 25c

The most beautiful and affectionate of all domestic pet stock; the finest of meat for the table; cleanly in habits; cost but little to keep; require small amount of attention and space to live in; and are THE MOST WONDERFUL LITTLE MONEY-MAKERS IN THE WORLD.

We can tell you how to earn $500 A YEAR from an investment of $25. If you have a small back yard, a shed, barn, or an empty attic, and will devote one hour each night and morning we can start you in an EASY, FASCINATING and PROFITABLE BUSINESS. The finest home employment for boys or women. We ship healthy, fine pedigreed stock by express to any point and guarantee safe delivery. Write for particulars.

The Osborne Rabbitry, 4 Spring St., Everett, Mass.
Breeders of Belgian Hares from Imported Stock

THE HERALD.

A First-Class Illustrated Negro Christian Journal.

Published monthly at Oil City, Pa., in the interest of RELIGION, EDUCATION, TEMPERANCE, and RACE ENTERPRISE.

Current Race and Church News, and Thrilling Incidents.
Price, 50 cents a year. Sample copies free.

Address, REV. P. A. SCOTT, Editor.
2311 Hone Avenue, Oil City, Pa.

MISSES E. C. M. COLLINS,

Fashionable Dressmaking,
Evening Dresses and Waists
Stylishly made. Crocheting
Evening Capes and Shawls
a Specialty.

1058 ATLANTIC AVENUE,
BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Please mention this Magazine.

When answering advertisement be sure and mention The Colored American Magazine.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

THE SMITH PREMIER
OCCUPIES AN
IMPERISHABLE POSITION
IN THE BUSINESS WORLD.

Unquestioned superior merit annually adds thousands of names to the long list of Smith Premier users, representing every line of trade and every profession. It is held in lasting regard at home and abroad.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE.

The Smith Premier Typewriter Co.

183 DEVONSHIRE STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

Watkins & Daniels, Undertakers. Warerooms, 792 Fulton Street. Brooklyn, N. Y. Night calls received at 426 Waverly Ave. and 1683 Fulton Street.

## The People's Observer

is a monthly Magazine replete with live subjects, stories and illustrations. Interesting, instructive for all classes of people.

Send 25 cents to-day for 4 months trial subscription and receive post-paid a nice picture printed in colors, ready for framing; size 23 x 17 inches. Special offer to readers of The Colored American Magazine. Address,

OBSERVER PUBLISHING CO.,

Circulation Rooms,

Bar Harbor, Maine.

SAMUEL DUDLEY,

ENTERPRISE DYEING AND
CLEANSING WORK.

Goods sent for and delivered in Norfolk,
Portsmouth and Berkley.

294 Brewer St. - - NORFOLK, VA.
New Phone, 1140.

## A BEAUTIFUL BUST

can be obtained in a few weeks by use of Bustro. We guarantee 4 to 6 inches development in as many weeks. Flat busts made round, plump and graceful. The plainest figures remodeled and made superb. No drugs used. Write to-day for pamphlet.

DAVIS REMEDY CO.,

DEPT. N.

90 WABASH AVE. - - - CHICAGO.

MRS. M. A. SIMMONS,

Office, 36 Saint Felix Street,

Near DeKalb Ave.,

BROOKLYN, N. Y.

SPECIALTIES:

Real Estate, Mortgages, Fire and Life Insurance, Loans. Coal and Wood. Full Weight Guaranteed. Furniture and Carpets. Cash or Credit. Pianos and Sewing Machines. Ice Cream. Best in quality and moderate in price.

LADIES WANTED-To do needlework at home; making samples; material furnished free; nothing to buy; send stamped envelope for particulars. Home Industrial Co. 90 Wabash, Chicago.

## Geisha Diamonds.

The Latest Scientific Discovery.

Bright, sparkling, beautiful. For brilliant cy they equal the genuine, standing all tests and puzzle experts. One-twentieth the expense. Sent free with privilege of examination. For particulars, prices, etc., address, The R. Cregg Mfg. & Impt. Co., 271-273 Franklin St., CHICAGO, ILL.

## The Indianapolis Recorder

F. C. REYNOLDS,
TONSORIAL ARTIST.

Hair Cutting, Shaving and Shampooing. Special attention given to the dressing of Ladies' and Children's Hair. A full line of Cigars and Tobaccos.

No. 2 FLEET ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Indiana's Largest and Best Afro-American Newspaper.

ONE YEAR FOR ONE DOLLAR.

GEO. P. STEWART, Publisher.

414 INDIANA AVE.,
Indianapolis, Ind.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

CONTENDING FORCES—FREE.

A limited number of this great Negro Romance will be given away absolutely FREE. This wonderful book is the masterpiece of the famous Negro Authoress, Pauline E. Hopkins, author of "Talma Gordon," "General Washington," etc. It has over 400 pages, with original illustrations by R. Emmett Owen. The incidents portrayed in this book have actually occurred, ample proof of which may be found in the archives of the Court House at New Berne, N. C., and at the seat of government at Washington, D. C.

The author tells an impartial story, leaving it to the reader to draw conclusions. She has presented both sides of the dark picture—lynching and concubinage—truthfully and without vituperation, introducing enough of the droll humor peculiar to the Negro to give a bright touch to an otherwise gruesome subject.

The price of the book is $1.50, but it is our desire to distribute a FREE COPY of it in every section of the country as we feel sure that where it is once introduced, we will sell hundreds of copies. If you desire a FREE COPY, send at once for our "FREE BOOK OFFER". Address, "Book Department",

THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE,
5 Park Square, Boston, Mass.

THE WOMAN'S WORLD,

FORT WORTH, TEXAS.

A HIGH-CLASS MONTHLY MAGAZINE, DEVOTED TO THE
INTEREST OF COLORED WOMEN.

On Fine Paper and Good Illustrations.

The Woman's World is first in the field, and is, so far, the only magazine published in the special interest of Colored Women.

Its Purpose is to advocate and encourage the improvement of home life—to buy and build better houses, furnish them better and make them happier and more encouraging for the young as well as the old.

It Contains good stories, with colored men and women as heroes and heroines; special articles that are informing as well as entertaining; special talks for girls; a page for children; a household page with timely articles for the economical, studious housewife; a fashion page with latest Paris and New York styles illustrated; a department of flower-culture; and many other good things for pleasure and instruction.

SUBSCRIPTION . . . $1.00 PER ANNUM.

Address, THE WOMAN'S WORLD,
—FORT WORTH, TEXAS.

When answering advertisement be sure and mention The Colored American Magazine,

84

FAMOUS MEN OF THE NEGRO RACE.

SARGEANT WILLIAM H. CARNEY.

PAULINE E. HOPKINS.

While THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE for June is in press, the whole of this great nation, as one man, will perform the solemn duties of Memorial Day.

It is a pleasant task—that of commemorating and revering once each year, the memory of those men who have laid upon the altar of Liberty the most precious of earthly possessions—life. Greater love than this hath no man. It is fitting then, that from among our famous men, we select for this issue the story of the life of Sergeant Carney, still living in New Bedford, Mass.

The Civil War is counted one of the greatest epochs of the nineteenth century, and the history of the Union army the most romantic in the military history of the world. The fame of Grecian valor stirs the blood, and in fancy one realizes, as if by participation, the youth going forth to his first experience of battle; the mother giving him his shield; her perfect forgetfulness of mother-love or mother-fear expressed in her parting words: "With your shield, or on it."

We turn to Rome, at whose shrine the military hero bows the knee in homage and in awe; her romantic history, intrepid valor and mighty prowess fills the world with admiration; her influence broods and casts it shadow over the scholar and soldier today as freshly as it did centuries ago. She stands unrivalled in her grim glory, and there she will stand for ages to come.

Adown the aisles of Time the fame of Charles the Great has marched triumphantly from the middle ages. A man of vast ideas, brilliant statesmanship and knightly courage, he has left an indelible impression on the pages of history. In

the eighteenth century Napoleon passed meteor-like across the horizon in his wonderful career. Up they go! Pelion on Ossa piled! Brilliancy on top of brilliancy; great leaders with great minds; far-reaching and grasping ambition, one on the other. The desire for self-aggrandizement which pervades the careers of these Titans of supremacy, is too apparent for us to feel more than a cold admiration forced upon us by greatness. But when we at last reach the great war of the Rebellion, we have sympathy and admiration combined: sympathy for its motive which in its holiness was almost God-like; admiration for courage never surpassed.

The soldiers of the Army of the Republic! What historian, however brilliant, can ever do them justice! This is a fitting time to look backward and think of their incomparable deeds of valor: Fort Wagner, Fort Fisher, Fort Pillow, Olustee and many others indelibly stamped upon the hearts of the American people.

There is in this country today a band of patriots whose achievements in, and connection with the war, are deserving of separate mention—the black continent of the Grand Army of the Republic.

On July 21, 1861, occurred the memorable battle of Bull Run. The two great armies met, fought, and finally one fled to Washington, the other to Richmond.

Governor Andrew had offered to President Lincoln colored troops. "Mr. Andrew," said the President, "you are ahead of time."

Time and again the strength of the two armies was tried on many a bloody field;

WILLIAM H. CARNEY.

time and again defeat desolated the Federal forces. Man said: This is a white man's war, but God said otherwise.

Sorrow sat enthroned in every household at the North. Despair stalked abroad. Here comes in the Negro. This

teeth. The 200,000 black troops who marched into the thick of the fray brought hope in their shining countenances, "good luck" in their iron frames and brawny sinews. Then, indeed, as in old Bible days, the sun stood still, that

SARGEANT WILLIAM H. CARNEY.

was the position: The government trembling on the edge of an abyss; order fled, terror reigned.

"Will the Negro fight?" "Try him and see," said Governor Andrew. Then the Governor's proposition was accepted, and in a night, as it were, warriors grim and implacable sprang from the peaceful occupations of civil life armed to the

the tide of victory might not be stayed by night.

The Fifty-fourth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was called into the service of the United States by the President under the Act of Congress, passed July 21, 1861. Recruiting began February 9, 1863, in Boston. A camp of rendezvous was opened at "Camp

86

Meigs," Readville, Mass., on February 21, with a squad of twenty-seven men; and by the end of March, five companies were recruited, comprising four hundred and fourteen men. This number was doubled during April; and, on May 12, the regiment was full. Every State in the United States was represented in this celebrated regiment, and almost every nation on the globe contributed colored men to help found it. Interest in the Fifty-fourth is world-wide and not confined to one section. Among the recruits was William H. Carney.

Orders were received for it to proceed to the Department of the South, and the regiment broke camp on May 28, and landed in Boston to receive the colors which were to be presented by the Governor on the Common.

The regiment formed in hollow square, distinguished persons occupying the centre. The flags were four in number,— a national flag, presented by young colored ladies of Boston; a national ensign, presented by the "Colored Ladies' Relief Society"; an emblematic banner, presented by ladies and gentlemen of Boston, friends of the regiment; and a flag presented by relatives and friends of the late Lieutenant Putnam. The emblematic flag was of white silk, handsomely embroidered, having on one side a figure of the Goddess of Justice, with the words, "Liberty, Loyalty and Unity" around it. Lieutenant Putnam's flag bore a cross with a blue field, surmounted with the motto, "In hoc signo vinces." All were of finest quality and workmanship. In presenting the flags the Governor said:

"I shall follow you, Mr. Commander, your officers, and your men, with a friendly and personal solicitude, to say nothing of official care. My own personal honor, if I have any, is identified with yours. I stand or fall as a man and a magistrate, with the rise or fall in the history of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment.

"I have also the honor, Mr. Commander, to present to you the State colors of Massachusetts,—the State colors of the old Bay State, borne already by fifty-three regiments of Massachusetts soldiers, white men thus far, now to be borne by the Fifty-fourth Regiment of soldiers, not less of Massachusetts than the others. Whatever may be said, Mr. Commander, of any other flag which has ever kissed the sunlight, or been borne on any field, I have the pride and honor to be able to declare before you, your regiment, and these witnesses, that, from the beginning up till now, the State colors of Massachusetts have never been surrendered to any foe. You will never part with that flag so long as a splinter of the staff or a thread of its web remains within your grasp."

To the Governor's remarks Colonel Shaw replied briefly:

"Your Excellency:—We accept these flags with feelings of deep gratitude. They will remind us not only of the cause we are fighting for, and of our country, but of the friends we have left behind us, who have thus far taken so much interest in this regiment, and who, we know, will follow us in our career. Though the greater number of men in this regiment are not Massachusetts men, I know there is not one who will not be proud to fight and serve under our flag. We may have an opportunity to show that you have not made a mistake in intrusting the honor of the State to a colored regiment!—the first State that has sent one to the war."

These words were indelibly stamped upon the hearts of those Negro soldiers. Times of heroism are times of danger, but with that knowledge came an utter contempt for safety. Many of them had once been slaves at the South; some had been free for years; others had escaped after the breaking out of the war. Most of them had relatives still in bondage, and had a double object in joining the regiment. They were willing to risk their

WILLIAM H. CARNEY.

87

lives for the freedom of those left behind; and if they failed in that, they might, at least, have an opportunity of settling with the old boss for past cruelties. Each man, therefore, registered a vow in heaven that day to conquer or die.

On July 16, 1863, the Fifty-fourth Regiment was attacked by the enemy, on James Island, in which a fight of two hours' duration took place, the Rebels greatly outnumbering the Union forces. The Fifty-fourth, however, drove the enemy before them. About ten o'clock in the evening of the next day Colonel Shaw received orders to report to General George C. Strong, at Morris Island, to whose brigade the regiment was transferred.

On July 18, about four P.M., they began their march for Fort Wagner, without food or rest. They reached General Strong's headquarters about six and a half o'clock, and halted for five minutes. The General expressed a great desire to give them food and stimulants; but it was too late, as they had to lead the charge. They had been without tents during the pelting rains of Thursday and Friday nights. General Strong was impressed with the high character of the regiment and its officers; he wished to assign them to the post where the most severe work was to be done and the highest honors won.

When they had come within six hundred yards of Fort Wagner, they formed in line of battle, the colonel heading the first, and the major the second battalion. This was within musket-shot of the enemy. There was little firing from the enemy; a solid shot falling between the battalion, and another to the right, but no musketry. The regiment was addressed by General Strong and by Colonel Shaw. Officer of the Day, John Brown, R. A. Bell Post 134, reports Colonel Shaw's words to have been: "Men, yonder lies the fort. You are the first black men of Massachusetts; the eyes of the world are upon you. You are novices yet in the

art of war, but at such a time as this age is nothing, but blood is what tells."

At seven and a half o'clock the order for the charge was given. They advanced at quick time, changed to double-quick when at some distance on.

When about one hundred yards from the fort the rebel musketry opened with such terrible effect, that for an instant the first battalion hesitated,—but only for an instant; for Colonel Shaw, springing to the front and waving his sword, shouted, "Forward, my brave boys!" and with a cheer and a shout they rushed through the ditch, gained the parapet on the right, and were soon engaged in a hand to hand conflict with the enemy. Colonel Shaw was one of the first to scale the walls. He stood erect to urge forward his men, and while shouting for them to press on, was pulled by a hook over the fort, down upon the cruel points of sharpened sticks and other materials which formed the stockade. If any life remained when his body finally touched the ground, it was probably most cruelly extinguished.

The Fifty-fourth were intrepid soldiers; only the fall of Colonel Shaw prevented their entering the fort. Before the war ended the Rebels offered fifty thousand dollars in gold for the colonel and soldiers of the Fifty-fourth!

Before the regiment reached the parapet of the fort the color-sergeant was wounded; and, while in the act of falling, the colors were seized by Sergeant William H. Carney, who bore them up, and mounted the parapet, where, he, too, received four severe wounds. But, on orders being given to retire, the color-bearer, though almost disabled, still held the emblem of liberty in the air, and followed his regiment by the aid of his comrades, and succeeded in reaching the hospital, where he fell exhausted and almost lifeless on the floor, saying,—"The old flag never touched the ground, boys!"

Surely the honor of Massachusetts was safe in such hands!

88

The following correspondence tells its
own story:

New York, 596 Broadway, Room 10.

December 13, 1865.

To Adjutant-General of Massachusetts,
Boston:

Sir—Will you please give me the name
of some officers of the Fifty-fourth Mas-
sachusetts colored regiment, so that I
can obtain information concerning the
famous assault that regiment made on
Fort Wagner? I wish to learn the facts
relating to the wounded color-bearer,
who, though severely wounded, bore the
flag heroically while crawling from the
parapet to his retreating or repulsed regi-
ment. It would make a splendid subject
for a statuette.

Respectfully,

T. H. BARTLETT,

“Sculptor.”

Boston, December 18, 1865.

William Schouler, Adjutant-General:

Dear Sir—Your letter of the 15th to
my brother, enclosing one from Mr. Bart-
lett, and requesting me to furnish a state-
ment of facts relating to Sergeant Car-
ney, of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts
Volunteers, is received. The following
statement is, to the best of my knowledge
and belief, correct. During the assault
upon Forty Wagner, July 18, 1863, the
sergeant, carrying the national colors of
the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volun-
teers, fell; but, before the colors reached
the ground, Sergeant Carney of Com-
pany C grasped them and bore them to
the parapet of the fort, where he received
wounds in both legs, in the breast, and
in the right arm; he, however, refused to
give up his trust. When the regiment
retired from the fort, Sergeant Carney,
by the aid of his comrades, succeeded in
reaching the hospital, still holding on to
the flag, where he fell, exhausted and al-
most lifeless, on the floor, saying, "The
old flag never touched the ground, boys."

Sergeant Carney is an African of, I
should think, full blood; of very limited
education, but very intelligent; bright

face, lips and nose finely cut, head rather
round, skin very dark, height about five
feet eight inches; not very athletic or
muscular; has lived in New Bedford,
Mass., for many years.

E. N. HALLOWELL,

“Late Colonel, etc.”

We will add that Sergeant Carney was
born about 1840, being twenty-two years
of age at time of enlistment, March, 1863.
He is living still in New Bedford, fol-
lowing the business of letter-carrier. He
is highly respected by all citizens.

When inquiry was made at Fort Wagoner, under flag of truce, for the body of Colonel Shaw, the answer was: "We have buried him with his niggers! Neither death nor the grave has divided the young martyr and hero from the race for which he died; and a people will remember in the coming centuries, when it plays its part in history, that 'he was buried with his niggers!'"

"'They buried him with his niggers!'

Together they fought and died.

There was room for them all where they
laid him,

(The grave was deep and wide),

For his beauty and youth and valor,

Their patience and love and pain;

And at the last day together

They shall all be found again.

A wide grave should it be.

They buried more in that shallow trench

Than human eye could see.

Ay! all the shames and sorrows

Of more than a hundred years

Lie under the weight of that Southern soil

Despite those cruel sneers.

But the glorious soul's set free

Are leading the van of the army

That fights for liberty.

Brothers in death, in glory

The same palm-branches bear;

And the crown is as bright o'er the sable
brows

As over the golden hair."

The Negro soldier went to war to fight
for sacred Liberty; for half rations and
half pay, for no quarter from a venomous
foe. The brilliancy of their victories fol-
lowed close upon each other; their gal-

THE PRIME MINISTER OF MADAGASCAR.

89

lantry and noble deed will live as long as history lives. "Oh, the wild charge they made, all the world wondered!"

Today we have a right to mourn doubly, to remember the sufferings and sacrifices of the past, to remember the sufferings and sacrifices of the present, and in anxious dread, await the future. Compromise and political necessity forced the war. Compromise and political necessity are showing their false, smiling faces all over the country. Compromise and political necessity hope to force us away from this country, or else grind our ambitious advance down to serfdom. But not yet, friends; the same God lives and is supreme today that lived in '60, '61, '62, '63 and '64, and has ruled this country up to 1901, and intends to make the black people a race without fear or reproach. Never did the Negro prove recreant to his trust,—at home with his master's family or on the field of battle he was faithful to his duty and to the flag. The South has that against us. The Negro represented great money investments, unbounded wealth. Rebellion lost the Southern gentleman his

capital, his living; he has that against us. Without the Negro the war would probably have ended differently. They have that against us. And so, as the weakest object, the South today takes out of the Negro its losses and its revenge.

Our fate on this continent hangs tremblingly in the balance, but we still have faith in Divine love and pity. The past of the Negro has proved him a warrior, strong and intrepid; the present, a scholar capable of the closest application to his books and of accomplishing all that any student can hope to accomplish. The future is a fair unwritten page which we can make what we choose. In years to come the Negro youth will gather on Memorial Day to live over the story of the deeds of the brave; and some will say: "Grandfather fought at Wagner, or Great-grandfather fell at Fort Fisher."

May that future Afro-American realize the benefits of sacrifices, hopes and prayers.

Almighty and Omnipotent God, in Thee we trust! Into Thy hands we give ourselves and our race!

## RAINILAIARIVONY, PRIME MINISTER OF MADAGASCAR.

S. E. F. C. C. HAMEDOE, A PROF. F. G. S. I.

The origin of the name Madagascar is an unsolved enigma, and all the voyagers of the past and present have been unable to clearly denote its origin. The official class in Madagascar known as the Hovas call their Island Izao wy anivon waka, which means the universe in the midst of the waters.

Many claim that the name is due to Marco-Polo, and some have claimed it was due to Arabian and Portuguese navigators. The island lies east of the Dark Continent, separated by the Mozambique Channel and extends from 12° 2' to 25° 18' south latitude. It is about one thousand

miles long, with an average breadth of two hundred and fifty miles. The island contains nearly two hundred and thirty thousand square miles, and has a population of about five million five hundred souls. They are a much mixed race, yet in their coast cities, despite this fact, one language is mainly spoken. In all the provinces you will find you can make yourself easily understood, and whether your courier is from Ambohimarina, Andrananandriano or Tsimanampetsata he will have no difficulty as there is only a slight difference in the accent.

To travel comfortably in Madagascar

90

is most expensive, and you must have
plenty of money if you wish to go very
far. The native men are the horses, and
you must go in a Filanjana (Palanqin)
with from four to six bearers.

Among the many strange points of
their language the thing that appealed
most to me was their town names. In
talking to some of their chiefs, they
claimed it was good common sense that
caused them to substitute one word for

PERMISSION OF A. C. MUCLURG & CO.

RANAVALOMJAKA III., QUEEN OF MADAGASCAR.

FROM "EUROPE IN AFRICA IN THE XIX. CENTURY"

two or three. Every town or public
place carries with it a special divination,
for example: "Ambohimanga"—"at the
blue town," "Ambohedava"—"at the
long town," "Ambohimanjaka Ambohi-
trandriana"—"at the Kings and Princess-
es' town," "Ambohitrandriamanitra"—
"God's Rock Sky Pointing," "Imanon-
drolanitra and Ifotsizavana"—the place
of much mist," "Ambohijanamasoandro"
—"Hill of the children of the Sun."

Many are named after animals, and
Ambatolahinandrianisiahana means "the
place of the garden." You will also find
their dress and habits peculiar. Should

you suddenly be transferred to Antanana-
rivo, the Capitol, you would find the peo-
ple neatly dressed, the women in white

KING RADAMA II., OF MADAGASCAR.

cotton gowns like dresses, many plain,
others neatly embroidered and with
white and black lambas thrown over their

RAVONINAHITRINIARIVA, MADAGASCAR'S MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

shoulders. The men, in white cotton
pants and lambas, and straw hats of a
peculiar shape, something like the

91

Chinese felt hats worn here in America, with large black bands. Many of their lambas are made from the "Sagus Rofia" or Moufia tree, and some from Cocoons; especially the handsome silk ones worn by the nobles or the official class. Agri-

much in a practical way that I think the name "builders tree" would be more appropriate.

You will find half of the houses on the east coast covered with the leaf of this tree, and if you are thirsty you have but

culturally, the country is very rich, as maize, wheat, rice and all tropical fruits abound. The Flora and Fauna are marvels to the whole world, and its famous "travellers tree" stands without a parallel. From the dried bark of this tree floors are made, the boards measuring eighteen by thirty inches, and in fact it is used so

to thrust your spear in the bulb of one of its leaves and immediately therefrom gushes forth a pint to a quart of clear sweet water. You can also readily gather bread from the bread-fruit tree. With the stems of this "travellers tree" you can build house partitions, and often the sides of the houses are made of it, and

96

have historical traditions together with a literature that help to solve many an historical enigma.

In 1506 when the famous navigator Soares visited Madagascar, he found them under tribal government, and until the middle of the 17th Century they were still disunited. At that time the powerful West Coast tribe, known as the Sakalaves, made an attempt at organiza-

der one head, and that head must be a Hova. Ever since that day Malagasy have recognized them as the official or privileged class.

Andrianampoinimerina was elected ruler of Madagascar, with the title of Radama Ist, but better known as Radama the Great. At the beginning of his reign the people had much liberty, but it soon became a military government and the

THE PALACE OF THE PRIME MINISTER OF MADAGASCAR

tion and brought many of the Chiefs together, forming a government which embraced about half the island, and this continued until about the beginning of the 18th Century, when the Hova Government began to sow the seeds of a stronger and more powerful dynasty. At that time Impoina and his son Andrianampoinimerina called all of the petty chiefs together and began his address by using this proverb, which you will hear in all parts of Madagascar even today, "A single tree does not make a forest, but the thoughts of many constitute a government." After holding many councils they decided to put all of Madagascar un-

people's rights, as always under such conditions, suffered greatly thereby, but from that day until 1895 the world has recognized a Hova as the head of the government.

France and Portugal both sought to make treaties with Radama I, but without success, and in 1817 the English Governor of Mauritius signed a treaty with King Radama I, the principal cause of which was the abolition of slavery, and in order that it might be effective he paid in behalf of the government an annuity of one thousand dollars in silver yearly, together with arms and ammunition, and sent officers from the British army to in-

97

struct the King's officers in the use of modern fire arms, as well as the European system of maneuvers.

In the year 1818 the missionary societies sent out their representatives to look after the spiritual needs of the people and they were escorted with great pomp and ceremony to the Capitol, where they were well received and warmly welcomed by the King, as the English were in great favor at court. They studied the language and taught the young men and women many useful trades, and within ten years from fourteen to fifteen thousand natives could read and write, and many of them had professed Christianity. From this time on intercourse with foreigners became a thing of reality and the chiefs began to grow rich and very independent, and prosperity reigned supreme in all of that section that had the benefit of foreign intercourse. Thus it may be truthfully said that the treaty between Sir Robert Farquar, Governor of Mauritius, and King Radama I was one of the most important in Malagasy history.

As with most good men, their lives and useful deeds are many times cut short, and King Radama's reign was brought to a close in 1828 by his death, at thirty-six years of age. He was, like Napoleon Bonaparte, one hundred years in advance of the times, and at his death the enlightening and advancing of Malagasy humanitarianism seem to have stopped.

His successor was Prince Rakotobe, eldest son of the King's sister, but he was assassinated at the death of his predecessor and Queen Ranavalomjaka came to the throne.

She was a Hova of the old type, and believing in all of the old tribal superstitions and ancestral worship, she became an inherent enemy to Christianity. The schools and missions were suppressed, and religious persecution became severe, while all the treaty rights signed between Governor Farquar and King Radama Ist, were virtually annulled by

the Queen's Council. • The idol worshippers obtained the Queen's ear, and their rights were soon restored as in the good old times, and in 1835 the profession of Christianity was positively prohibited by the Queen. It finally became so disagreeable for the missionaries that they were obliged to leave the island.

Nine years after, in 1844, the Queen's order was issued prohibiting the removal of natives from the island under any pretext whatever. This order was disregarded by the foreign Governments, which gave grave offence to the Queen. The Governor then applied native laws to foreign residents, and this in turn gave much offence to the white traders in the island, especially at Tamatave, the chief eastern port.

They appealed to the English government at Mauritius, and the French government at the Isle of Bourbon. These two governments sent three man-of-war, one English and two French, to work in concerted action and to adjust the differences then existing between them. But all attempts at a parley met with decided rebuff, and it was then decided to shell Tamatave and land troops, which was done. However, they were forced to retire after the battle, leaving thirteen of their number killed, and whose heads were cut off and placed on poles in front of the fort, being left for a memento, as the Queen said, of our Christian friends. It was surely a case of the unlucky number—thirteen.

It was thus made very hard for the traders, and the government further gave orders prohibiting the exportation of all kinds of produce. This was a serious blow to the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius, for they were dependent to a great extent upon Madagascar for beef, fowls and rice. As this move meant ruin to many merchants at St. Louis, the two governors sent the English and French Admirals, Dacres and Cécile, whose erand was to restore by any means possible, friendly relations, but at each meet-

98

ing the Queen's Ministers only said to them, "If you are our friends why do you destroy our forts and shoot the Queen's subjects? Look at our forts at Tama-tave; it shows how friendly you are. We do not want anything to do with you Christians. Simply leave us alone; we can live without you." After this all amicable discourse was cut off for about eight years.

The Queen's Ministers blamed Chris-
tianity and the Christians for all the mis-
haps, together with the break in their
foreign relations, and they decided in
1836 to wipe it out. All Christians were
ordered out of the country and agents
were sent to every corner to spy out and
bring them to the Capitol, that they might
be made examples of.

They seized the converts and forced them to drink “Tangena” (poisoned water). If after drinking this they lived, they could be trusted; if they died, the government was rid of an enemy. If a person was caught reading a book, or practicing any of the codes of Christian worship, they were severely punished, either by fine, imprisonment or unre-deemable slavery, the very issue for which England was paying an annuity to the King before the breaking out of hos-tilities.

A devoted native Christian woman, Rasalama, was put to death publicly in 1836, and in 1838 Rafaralahy, who was also a nobleman, and had accompanied Rasalama, shared her fate. Four of his companions, who afterwards came to England, saved their lives by escaping, after many hardships. Many others be-came outcasts and wanderers from place to place, amid great suffering and nu-merous perils, many times concealing themselves in the forests, where wild animals and serpents often attacked them. They also lived in caves of mountains, on fruits and edible roots.

This condition lasted until 1842, when
sixteen of them were betrayed and
brought back to the Capitol, where nine

of them were executed. This persecution
of the Christians had a somewhat differ-
ent effect from what was originally ex-
pected, and many of the nobles began
to lose faith in their idols. Too much
blood was being spilled, and the Queen's
son, then in his seventeenth year, in 1846
held a conference and declared himself a
Christian. He was baptized, and despite
all of the influence brought to bear
against it at court, he remained a Chris-
tian.

His influence brought Ramonja, a Prince of the highest rank, and son of the Queen's sister, to become a Christian. These conversions were most odious to the Queen, who regarded them as a heavy spell cast upon her people by the Christians. So angry did she become that she called all of her ministers together, and after a long council, issued the following decree: "If any baptize, administer or receive baptism, I will put them to death, thus said Ranavalomjaka, for they change the prayers of the twelve Kings. Therefore search and spy, and if you find any doing these things, man or woman, take them, that we may kill them. For you and I will kill them, even though they be half of the people. For to change what the ancestors have ordered and done, and to pray to the ancestors of foreigners, not to Andriampoinemerina and Lehidama, and the idols that sanctified the twelve Kings, and twelve mountains that are worshiped. Whoever changes these commands, I make known to all the people, and I will kill, saith Ranavalomjaka."

Those who were condemned to die un-
der this decree were treated in the most
debased and horrible manner. They
were wrapped in old dirty mats with rags
stuffed in their mouths, while sixteen or
seventeen were tied to a long pole laid
across their necks, with one guard taking
hold of each end. They were thus driven
to the place of execution. One young
woman was allowed to walk behind them
in the procession, by special order of the

prime minister, and at the execution she
begged to share the same fate as her
companions. But the prime minister, de-
claring that she had been bewitched, and
was under the spell cast upon her by those
foreign devils, exiled her. Of these
prisoners thirteen were taken to the fa-
mous rock or cliff at Antananarivo, where
they were swung over, with a possible
drop of a thousand feet. While an in-
cantation was said in Malagasy feticism
for the repose of their souls, the rope was
cut, and falling, they smashed out their
brains. This was considered a most dis-
graceful death, but one even more so
was reserved for the four nobles. They
were to be burned alive, as a special ex-
ample to those who worshiped the an-
cestors of foreigners.

Among these were two of which it is
necessary to make special mention. An-
driampinery and his wife Ramananda-
lana were rich before they became Chris-
tians and in special favor with the of-
ficials of the former government, while
no special state function was considered
complete without them. But under
Ranavolomjaka's Government and the
Queen's decree, they became outcasts
and when captured they were brought
back to be executed as an example to
other high officials.

They were tied between two stakes
amidst two piles of fagots and given their
choice to renounce Christianity or suffer
death at the stake. They preferred death,
and the prime minister gave orders to
apply the torch. Amid a mob of seventy-
five thousand people, all crowding to see
some expected miracle, the fires slowly
caught, and there was added to the pages
of history the death of two true Chris-
tian martyrs.

I was shown a list, said on of the of-
ficials of the foreign delegation, which
showed that of the number persecuted
thirty-seven were of the privileged class,
who had preached. They were reduced
to unredeemable slavery with their wives
and children. Sixty-seven who had

books in their houses were made slaves
and their property confiscated by the
government. Two thousand and fifty-
five were fined one dollar each; eighteen
were put to death by drinking Tengena;
fourteen were hurled from the Precipice
at the Capitol, and four were burnt alive.
The Queen's spying system also brought
more than two thousand more to the
Capitol for trial, and as might have been
expected, many deserted the cause.

Yet despite this persecution, many of
those who witnessed those awful scenes
of cruelty were deeply touched, and de-
spite the Queen's decree, many applied
for fellowship in the Christian church.
In 1852 word was heralded to all the
exiles that it would not be long before
they would be able to return to their
much beloved homes.

In the year 1853 the English govern-
ment sent an agent to Tamatave with or-
ders to proceed, if possible, to Antanana-
rivo, the Capitol, and to endeavor, if pos-
sible, to reopen negotiations of friendship
with the Malagasy government. When
their ship anchored at Tamatave the har-
bor-master came out in a canoe rowed
by sixteen men, and inquired of them
their mission in the harbor of Tamatave.
“To reopen negotiations with the
Queen,” was their reply. The harbor-
master then said, “If you wish to be
friendly, why do you shoot our citizens
and burn our forts? If we wish to live
in your country we must abide by your
laws, and if you wish to live in Madagas-
car you must abide by our laws, whether
you like them or not. Otherwise leave
the country, as they are the laws of Mada-
gascar and our Honored Queen.”

The next day, after much parleying,
the Governor, Rainandriampondry of
Tamatave, informed them that no trade
relations could be opened with Madagas-
car until the British Government had
made an apology for insulting her ma-
jesty, and had further paid an indemnity
to her Majesty's Government for shoot-
ing her subjects and burning her forts.

100

The chief judge of Tamatave, Raini-
hevitra, was sent for and talked freely
with the people, and after fifteen days he
informed them that for an apology and
$75,000 indemnity paid the Queen, that
she would open all of her ports to the
English, but not to the French. She re-
fused positively to open them to the
French under any consideration. The
money for this indemnity was subscribed
in less than an hour by the merchants of
Mauritius, who had suffered so much
from the break in negotiations, and it
was received in the Queen's office at
Antananarivo Asoratany, on October
twenty-third, 1853, and the ports were
opened. No special concessions of any
sort were made and all customs receipts
belonged to her majesty the Queen. The
decree was signed by Rainikietaka 13th,
officer of the Palace.

Nothing of special import occurred un-
til the year 1861, when her most Pagan
Majesty, Ranavalomjaka, gave up the
ghost, and her Christian son, Radama II,
was proclaimed King. He immediately
sought to undo all of the evil that had
been done by his mother, but the minis-
ters greatly opposed him, and when he
sent an invitation to the Governor of
Mauritius to send an envoy to Antana-
narivo, he was assassinated by them in
his Council Chamber in the same man-
ner as Julius Cæsar. His wife, Raso-
hernia, succeeded him and reigned until
1868, making treaties with England,
France and the United States.

After her there came upon the scene
a man of the people, Rainilaiarivony,
Prime Minister of Madagascar, and King
in all but name. He was born in Am-
bohidalambo, and his father, though
poor, was one of the most conspicuous
figures under Ranavalona I, and he was
governor in 1863. It was by his orders
that Radama II was assassinated or
strangled, and later his two sons took
possession of the palace and were the
promoters of his widow's succession as
queen, electing her subject to their or-
ders.

But the elder brother, Ravoninahiti-
nioni, had the right of way. He was,
however, a great drinker, and soon
proved very unsatisfactory to the gov-
ernment. Rainilaiarivony seeing his
brother's weakness, walked upright and
prospered by his brother's example of
debauchery, and finally grasped the
reigns of government, in the year 1867.

This so angered Ravonianhitinioni
that he attempted to assassinate him, but
he was caught red-handed and put in
chains with all of his accomplices.
Schools and colleges have flourished un-
der Rainilaiarivony's instruction. Over
seventy-five thousand children have been
put under instruction and the army has
been recruited to more than forty thou-
sand men, under an English officer, Col.
Willoughby. Rainilaiarivony appealed
to the United States when Grant was
President, to stop French pressure on
Madagascar, and he has always fought
their claims as unjust.

He allowed no obstacle to stand in his
way, however large or small it might be,
and his system of government spies was
so carefully arranged that it was said men
one thousand miles away were almost
afraid to think, for fear that the prime
minister would know of them. He has
the reputation of being a politician who
never broke his word.

In person he is slightly below the
average height, with a short mustache;
cares nothing for the thoughts of others,
especially in reference to his dress. He
daily walks around the city frequently
in his sandals and clothed only in a gown.
The people all take off their hats when
he passes, and he is always courteous and
affable to his most menial subjects. His
eyes are keen and penetrating and he is
a very early riser. He is much liked by
foreigners, with the exception of the
French, whose interests he has always
fought. He married a noble Hova lady
and from their union sprang eighteen
children. The Protestant religion be-
came the religion of state, and in 1869
he divorced his wife to marry Radama's

101

young widow. As a diplomat he has no superior in Europe if the world.

As in most royal families whenever a king dies, a great many claimants arise, and if there is any possible chance to gain the throne there is always a fierce struggle. Probably the best acclaimant was Razafinandriamanitra, niece of Radama the Great, and great-granddaughter of Andriananpioniemerina, who was the head of the now official class of Hovas. However, Princess Razafindra-hety ascended the throne under the title of Ranavolomjaka III. She was the young widow of Retremo, brother of Prince Ramahatra, one of the most prominent Hovas of the time. It was claimed that he was poisoned, as two other members of his family died under similar circumstances, Princess Ram-pelasiniovo dying in less than two days. This princess was not entitled to the crown, and as she was poor and as the habits of Princess Rasiamananoro were so irregular, she was set aside and Ranavolona III elected instead and crowned November 22nd, 1883, in the presence of two hundred and fifty thou-sand people. The Queen is of medium height, slender, and a trifle darker than most Hova women, with jet black hair, soft eyes and small hands and feet.

She tries hard to assume a European air, wearing European clothing. Her gowns are very costly and are made by Worth at Paris, but, like the Mikado of Japan, she speaks only in her native tongue. She was the sole owner of all the land in Madagascar, and no one could possess a foot of the same without hav-ing first obtained her sanction. No for-eigner could, under any consideration, own any land. He could lease it for ninty-nine years, and at the end of that period any improvements made belonged to the crown.

The Queen loves dancing, and to hear them play upon the "Valia" a native guitar. She visits cock-fights and enjoys all of the native sports. When she goes

out in a Filanjana, borne by sixteen sturdy blacks, she has mounted in front an eagle, and over her head is carried a large red parasol. She dines always with the Prime Minister, and at a table set apart from the other nobles, as no one but the King or Prime Minister can sit at the same table with the Queen. The princes and princesses were forbidden to use knives and folks in Her Majesty's presence, hence all of the food was served in dishes cut up before being placed on the table.

The constitution forbade the Queen to leave the country, and she accordingly seldom left the province of Imerina, go-ing only to her favorite resorts, Tsin-joarivo, her country place, and Mo-hazoarivo, another resort near the old Capitol of Ambohimanga, the sacred city, to pay her respects to her ancestors.

She has always been very superstitious, and it has been with great difficulty that she has allowed her picture to be taken. Ambohimanga was the old Capitol of Imerina, and Antananarivo was chosen as the new site and beautified by Prince Rainilaiairivony, who employed an army of Europeans to lay it out and beautify it. You can see the palace of the Prime Minister thirty miles from the Capitol as it sets upon a hill and its great domes look like burnished silver. The Capitol is situated four thousand six hundred feet above the sea level, and with its one hundred thousand inhabitants, it has no superior in Europe. No foreigner can fully conceive the grandeur of Antanana-rivo, without a journey to this almost unknown Capitol.

In all parts of the Kingdom the styles are set at the Capital and you could at the court of every Chief or Governor see the same costumes as at the Capital.

France's earliest claims to Madagascar date back from the year 1842, when the French signed a treaty with the Saka-laves, which they now claim placed Mad-agascar under their protectorate, and they seized the islands of Nosibe. This

102

claim being so flimsy, however, they tried to negotiate another in 1868, which would give them the right they had previously claimed. Rainilaiairivony refused in the name of the Queen to accept it, and Tamatave was bombarded and Mojoanga was occupied by the French forces. They expected this last attack to bring them to terms, but such was not the case.

Again they presented the three demands: (1) That the French were to have guaranteed to them all of this island and north of the 16th parallel. (2) An indemnity for one million francs. (3) A voice in matters affecting the Hova Government.

A council of war was again held and Rianilaiairivony promptly refused, unless Ranavalonia was recognized Queen of all Madagascar. After a few days later Admiral Pierre again bombarded Tamatave with six man-of-war. The Hovas then tried unsuccessfully to burn the town, and retired. The French then took possession and everything existed as it had been until 1885, when they again attacked another town, destroying it completely, and again negotiations were open and Rainilaiairivony once more informed them that no protectorate would be considered under any pretext whatever, but

that they would pay the claim for one million francs. To this the admiral refused, and immediately opened the war in real earnest. Col. Willoughby, in command of her majesty's forces, directed the fighting in person, and in spite of the fact that the French had six warships behind their men, they had to retreat, leaving sixty of their dead and wounded on the field. A few days afterwards they fought another battle with their old allies, the Sakalaves, at their backs, and were again defeated.

In December, 1885, they signed a treaty of peace and a commission was sent to France. They were received and feted as equals by President Grévy and the word protectorate was not mentioned. Then England and Germany, in order to have a free hand in Africa, signed a treaty with France, abandoning all claim on Madagascar. In 1894 the French sent an expedition to Madagascar, under General Galieni, who conquered the island and declared it a Colony of France, exiling the King and Queen to Algeria, and thus ending the Malagasy Kingdom, and hoisted the tri-color of France over one of the richest and most salubrious islands of the world.

## INFLUENCE.

JAMES R. TIMS.

The soul hangs in a balance, tempest tossed—
Swayed by the shifting winds of saved and lost.
A hair's weight, placed upon the even scale,
Lifts high the soul, or sinks it in the rale.
Two voices cleave the vibrant air with melody;
One sings of joys that are, the other, joys to be—
Sway towards the one and earthly joys are crossed;
Sway towards the other and Heaven is lost.

THE SOLUTION TO THE NEGRO PROBLEM.

THE SOLUTION TO "THE NEGRO PROBLEM."

AUGUSTUS M. HODGES.

The century just closed has surpassed all others in material progress; in art, science, and the general advancement of mankind toward a brighter, better and more perfect future. With the birth of the 20th century "man's inhumanity to man"—the spirit of prejudice against an accident of birth, race color or previous condition is fast disappearing, like the morning mist, as the bright sun of civilization rises toward its zenith, and man learns through a broader education, and better mental vision, that often his less favored fellow man, given the same start in the race of life and progression, would be his equal; that we all have a common heritage of virtues and failings, no matter from what branch of the human race we may descend.

The world is indeed growing wiser and better and the new century finds in its pathway many progressive plans for the advancement of the human family. One of the unsolved problems left at the door of the new born century and one for which many schemes have been advanced is the "Negro Problem." This problem is receiving much attention from the Anglo-American with a philanthropic mind, and the Afro-American with the welfare of his race at heart. It is, as a rule, being scientifically and logically debated by the leading statesmen and jurists in the country.

Can this question be solved? Can the barrier be removed and the gateway leading to all the blessings of American citizenship opened to the Negro? I unhesitatingly answer in the affirmative. The key to the solution is within our grasp. The solution to the "Negro Problem" is wealth, and the stepping stone to wealth

is business industry. As early as 1894 Booker T. Washington saw this philosopher's stone when he remarked: "Let there be twenty black men in any Southern town worth $1,000,000 and there will be no 'race question' in that town."

The idol of our American brother in white is the MIGHTY DOLLAR, and he will not let the race, color, creed, or previous condition of its custodian keep him from worshipping at its shrine. The colored business man who could place his autograph upon a check for $500,000 would be as agreeable company in any but a strictly private or family gathering as the fairest Anglo-Saxon. He would be "tolerated" by those above him in the social world anxious to get his trade and his dollars. He would be "tolerated" in the manner the objectionable white business man (Hebrew, for example) is tolerated by those above his "set" but not above his dollars. It is true, what would seem in both cases to be social equality and the right hand of fellowship, would be only a sham, a mockery, a deception; still, the counterfeits would be so perfect they would puzzle even experts.

They would answer all the ends of common life, however; for, if the false looks so nearly like the true, we cannot tell the one from the other, which is true of human nature in general at its present stage of development.

The solution to the "Negro Problem" is wealth; the key to wealth is business —legalized speculation—selling for more than what you paid; only this, and nothing more.

We are, as a whole, working people, and are found in the vanguard of breadwinners, all of whom spend nine-tenths

104

of their earnings for the needs of life: food, clothing and shelter. It is a well known fact that, although we are not epicures, we spend the greater part of our earnings for food; in fact, we are all consumers, but there are very few sellers among us. We, as before stated, work for wages, and each week we spend our earnings with the grocer, butcher, baker, dry goods merchant and others who sell the necessaries of life. Millions of dollars are annually paid by our people for these needs of life and few, very few, of these dollars find their way into the tills of Negro merchants.

The money spent for our bread and butter could be kept within the confines of the race by the simple method of co-operation. Let fifty colored men in every town in the South (men with families) form a company; let each man put in twenty dollars—the company will then have one thousand dollars capital, a sufficient sum to open a first-class grocery or general store. The store should be located in or near the business section of the town. The goods should be of the same quality as those offered for sale by other shopkeepers. Let the company cater to the general public, and try to keep in stock some articles needed by the community but not kept at any other of the stores in town, and sell these articles at cost price, or at a small loss. This would be a business trick (“there are tricks in all trades” except the quill driver’s) which wears the mask of an advertisement. If the town is a very small one, try to make the store the largest and best stocked one in town. The colored store-keepers and stockholders should be friendly and polite to everyone in town, black and white; should avoid political, social and religious questions (“say nothing but saw wood”). By these business methods the company would soon be agreeably surprised to find among its patrons some of the “best citizens” of the town.

The company should conduct all of its business from the start in a strictly busi-

ness manner, starting off with plainly worded articles of agreement, signed and countersigned according to the laws of the State. Appended to this agreement should be the solemn promise of each and every member of the company to buy all of his goods at the company's store (when working, for cash) and to use every honorable means to get others to do so. The next important thing for the welfare of the company is confidence. Its members must have sufficient confidence in one another—in its president, its secretary, its treasurer and its shop-keeper, to allow them to place the earnings of the venture into the legitimate channels of business without being constantly watched or called to account. These officials should be placed under the proper bonds and not hounded to death.

A family of five will spend at least twenty dollars per month each, or five fifty families of the company thus spending twenty dollars each would amount to one thousand dollars per month, or twelve thousand dollars per year. Should but one-fourth of this amount be clear profit, the company would have three thousand dollars, which would have been placed in the pockets of some other shopkeepers had the co-operative store not existed. Is it logical to suppose that the company would not, during the year, succeed in getting some of the town trade? We will take the small figure of twenty-five regular customers, for example.

If these twenty-five patrons spend twenty dollars per month each, or five hundred as a whole, the total yearly sales of the company would amount to eighteen thousand dollars and show a profit of four thousand five hundred dollars.

One-half of this amount should be kept as a reserve fund for the store use, and the other half invested at once in real estate.

Outside of nearly every town in the South, near enough to build suitable

AUNT RIA'S TEN DOLLARS.

105

homes for its working people, can be
found worn out farms, too poor to raise
even the traditional corn which the squir-
rels eat from the stalks, sitting upon
their haunches.

The owners of these "farms" are al-
ways ready to sell for cash, and the com-
pany should purchase one of these tracts
of land and cut it up into building lots
and offer the same to the colored people
of the town at a fair market value.

A branch store should be opened in
the new settlement, and in a few
years the members of the company
would find themselves upon the road
to wealth and respect. The "race
question" in that section would begin to
be solved and the final solution would
be reached when the fifty members of the
company were the richest men in town

These figures may seem fabulous and
the whole article read like a story from
the "Arabian Nights."

I hope, however, that fifty Colored
Americans in every thown in the South
will be inspired to test the truthfulness of
the assertion.

It is through wealth and education that
civilization with all its full blessings comes
to the lowly people of any time or nation.
No civilization can endure that does not
rest upon the wealth and economic con-
suming capacity of the great mass of all
classes. The future of the Colored Amer-
ican will grow brighter and brighter
until it breaks forth into the perfect day of
full American citizenship.

We are a part of this country's people; we are here to stay, and will solve the "Negro Problem" upon the same lines Russia and Ireland must solve their problems. It is not a political or social problem that stands in our way; it is one of economy and of wealth.

"The mournful past is dead and gone,
Look forward for a brighter morn."

AUNT 'RIA'S TEN DOLLARS.

GEORGIA F. STEWART.

"Ria, I hate ter ax you, but can't you
gin me dem ten dollars w'at you's ben
savin' all dis long time?"

"Who dat? You, 'Lije? You git back
mighty soon. I hope an' trus' yo' quick
settlement wus a good un. W'at yer say
'bout ten dollars? Dat all yer got in de
settlin' wid dem six five hunderds?"

Elijah Davis had gone from home that
morning with six bales of cotton, weigh-
ing five hundred pounds each, and his
wife had been looking forward to his re-
turn, though not so early, with a great
deal of anxiety. All this year she had
guarded ten dollars which represented
their income from eight bales the previ-
ous year, hoping to increase the sum
with this year's receipts.

Elijah seated himself on the block of
oak at the door, on which was a tin basin,
recently polished with sand and soft soap.
This he and Maria used for bathing their
faces, and there was another of smaller
size near by for the use of the little ones,
of whom there were six, ranging from
four months to nine years.

"I be dah pres'n'y. Dese greens'll sho'
be good an' greazy." After pressing
down the greens, which seemed to prefer
any place to the kettle in which they were
boiling, she put more fresh coals on the
cover of the oven, which contained the
bread. Before joining her husband she
turned to the other side of the chimney,
which was five feet wide, and from a large
oven about the size of a half bushel meas-

106

ure she took perhaps two dozen sweet potatoes, put them on a large tin and left them on the hearth to cool.

"W'at yer want? Bread? Eat dem taters while I's talkin' ter yer daddy." This remark was addressed to the children, who realized the hour.

"Come out in de shade, Ria. Too hot to talk business in deah."

"De wedder 'pears cool to me. I bin feelin' lak a chill all dis mawnin'. Yer know my min', and yourn, too, is turned agin so much 'spishuns, but somehow I cud'n he'p sayin', "dis cool air mak' me feel onezy 'bout 'Lije'. Ain't dat foolish fer me, who 'tends so many good meetin's at de church an' up to de school whar all de good books an' papers is read to us, an', Oh! de fine talks o' de folks fum de Norf."

"Go long wid it, 'Lije. I'se ready now." With this she smoothed her clean check apron, which she had drawn from its accustomed hook as she passed from the house, and her soiled one left in its place, and folded her hands in her lap.

"You's er 'oman w'at laks things dun right. I allus wus proud on yer. Ef you 'member—an' you is too business-fied to furgit—year fo' dis las', seben bales fotch us out twenty-five dollars behin', but dere wus plenty co'n to las' fur stock an' all. See?"

"Yes, but—"

"Now to git de understandin', lemme finish. Las' year de crop remounted to eight bales. All de back debts wus paid an' Mister Bradley said: "'Lijah Davis, you's de first man dis year to come out an' hav' cash in year hands. A red cross goes down by yo' name.'"

"Yes, an' since den, Ria Davis bin holdin' dem ten dollars, an' keepin' count on all dat comes fum Mister Bradley's sto', too. Listen to me, now. 'Two piece o' check fur me an' de chillun, five dollars; one piece o' sheet'n, two dollars; fo' pair shoes, five dollars; dat's twelve dollars an' er—"

"Wal, I promus to be back soon wid

de ten dollars, 'kase I knowed yer didn want no 'counts caid over ter nex' year, an' so I 'spect yer feelin's an' come ter splain matters ter you."

"Wa'r de ten dollars yer talkin' 'bout?"

"Yo' ten dollars, Ria. It's de bes' step ter take, ef yer want ter hav' clean 'count Krismus day."

"'Lije Davis, dem ten dollars is now part er me, an' I specks fur it ter stay so. You an' Mister Bradley bin doin' yo' kind er settlin' ev'y year, an' yer kin do it de same dis year."

"Folks allus called yo' a sensible 'oman, now den don' lose yer rep. Tain't no use puttin' yer hands akimbo an' marchin' up an' down lak yer min' is made up ter argify wid de Madestry. Be kam. All I can do is to stick ter de plow 'n make the chil'n stick ter de books; so der'll be somebody else to figger 'long wid Mister Bradley. W'at yer doin', Ria? Is you gwine down wid me?"

"I's gwine war I orter been gone years ago."

About four o'clock in the afternoon Mr. William Lyons, a young lawyer of the town of Milton, was seated in his office, reviewing the day and congratulating himself on his success, when some one rapped at the door. The face which responded to his "Come!" was indeed a familiar one, much to his surprise.

"Well! Well! How have you been, Aunt Maria, and what brings you here?" She curtsied, and began by laying the ten dollars on his desk, and giving its history along with her trials for the past years, since she and "Lije" had been working for themselves.

"Yer know 'bout de morgig' sistum. Ev'y time yer feel yer gittin' free somp'n come over yer an' press yer down ag'in. When I felt today lak my heart gwine break to part wid dis money, Miss Ad'line's, yer dear mudder's words, I 'membered, an' so I's come ter you. She told me nebber ter suffer, but ter go ter her William, an' he wud he'p me. Now,

AUNT RIA'S TEN DOLLARS.

107

Mister William, all I want is a patch o' my own, an' dis ten dollars 'll pay yer fur lettin' me hav' it; an' w'en I raise my crop I'll pay yer fur de land."

"Sit down and rest yourself, Aunt Maria. In a few moments I shall be back."

Aunt Maria was very tired, as she had walked seven miles. While she rested on one of the comfortable chairs everything in the office seemed to breathe comforting messages to her. She determined then and there that her ambition would assert itself; that she would not wait for the children, but would do her part towards educating them—she would make a home for them. On Mr. Lyon's return he read to Aunt Maria as follows:

"For and in consideration of ten dollars paid to me this twenty-ninth day of November, 1899, by Maria Davis, I, William Lyons, do hereby sell, grant and convey to said Maria Davis, her heirs and assigns, two acres of farming land," etc.

On her way home she stopped to speak to Mr. Bradley, telling him what she had done, and that the ten dollars had gone to pay for her land, but that she would pay him if he would trust her. He willingly accepted her word as gurantee of the payment. When she reached home she unwrapped the paper, and said to Elijah, "Here's my ten dollars, 't hav' an' t' hol' two acres o' farmin' lan'. Yer must set ter work ter git out de timbers termorer mornin'."

The distance to Simon Reese's, the nearest neighbor's, was not less than two miles, but the joy of her new possessions had made the distance much less for Aunt Maria this evening. The news, which was too good to keep, was hailed with delight by the Reese family.

"Woen er good 'oman lak you set her heart 'pon doin' somp'n de Lord 'll he'p her. Ain't nuttin' lef' here er li'l scrap cotton, an' I kin pick dat ober myse'f; den I'll start Simon an' de boys ober deah by daylight. Good night, Sis' Ria. God he'p you."

Meanwhile Elijah had not been idle. His plans had been made while he watched "de house an' de chil'n."

Squire Evans had used Elijah and his team at odd times during the year, in consideration of which he had promised to run the plow for him in the spring. At early dawn next morning Elijah "steps over" to Squire Evans', a distance of three miles, and "arranges" for help in getting out timber instead of plowing.

"I 'spec' yer hav' to bake right sharp er bread, Ria, 'kase Squire Ivins lemme hav' fo' han's today."

"W'at yer say? Lawd bless me! Ain't it s'prisin' w'at ten dollars kin do w'en it starts to workin'? All de year it jes' was er lone ten dollars, an' now in two days it done git to be two acres o' farmin' land', Bre'r Simon Reese an' his two boys fur de whole day, an' fo' good han's fum Squire Ivins."

"Sis' Ria! Oh, Sis' Ria!"

"Git me some mo' trash chil'n; dis dinner orter been gone, for now de sun at twe'v' o'clock, already."

"Oh, Sis' Ri-a-h-!"

"Hush! 'Pears ter me I hear 'em callin' me."

"Sis' Ria!"

"'Pon my soul, ef dat ain't Sis' Reese! Step over an' come along, chile."

"Jes' run 'ere to de fence, Sis' Ria."

Aunt Maria had just patted in the last "pone" of bread, and heaped her "lid" with coals.

"All right, Sis' Reese, but I pow'ful rushed."

She immersed her hands in a basin of cold water, which caused the cornmeal dough to fall from them, for she used her hands from beginning to finish in preparing the lovely oval-shaped "pones." On reaching the fence she had finished wiping her hands on the bottom of her apron.

"I jes' run 'cross de fiel' to fetch yer some bile dinner, ter help you out. I dunno ef you know'd it, but Simon stepped over ter see Bre'r Collins an'

108

Bre'r Ha'is, dis mornin', an' 'bout dem
t'ain't no need ter 'splain, 'kase dey split
'nough boa'ds in er day ter kiver Miss
Ad'line's big house, an' dey can eat
'cord'n'ly."

With this she handed over a pail and a
bag.

"Dem mighty fine, juicy, yaller yams,
an' you'll see, for short, de bread, I jes'
drapped in de pot an' biled it all to-
gedder."

"De good angel sont you heah ter day.
Uphm! Doan' de smell good!"

"Here's yer dinner, 'Liji. Dis is er

lubly place ter res, 'g'in' de fence, under
dese shade trees."

Aunt Maria, with the assistance of two
of the children, had brought down the
dinner. Both quantity and quality de-
lighted the men, as they beheld the feast.

Parson Davis, as his neighbors com-
monly called him, had never failed to ask
a blessing upon the scantiest meal. Now,
standing in the shade of the sweet-gum
trees, he took Aunt "Ria's" hand in his,
and raising his eyes to Heaven, gave God
thanks for what was truly a Feast of
Thanksgiving.

FASCINATING BIBLE STORIES.

JOSEPH AND MOSES, OR ISRAEL IN EGYPT.

CHARLES WINSLOW HALL.

So the rule of Pharaoh prospered; all
the more that the wisdom of Joseph had
prepared against the seven years of
famine, such store of corn and barley, as
no other ruler had laid up before him;
and because that the famine became so
great that not only upper and lower
Egypt, but the people of Philistia,
Canaan and Arabia, must perforce come
to the King's granaries to buy food, un-
til they had no longer silver or gold
wherewith to buy.

And when their money was all spent
Joseph gave them corn for their cattle
and flocks, until all the cattle of Egypt
were in the hands of Pharaoh and his
servants, whereof the brethren of Joseph
were the chief herdsmen, and thereafter
and at the last, a great multitude sold
their land for food, so that Pharaoh
owned the lands of all Egypt, save and
except such lands as were dedicated un-
to the Gods, or owned by the priests
thereof; and the people who were home-
less Joseph removed into the cities
throughout Egypt, even as it seemed
good unto him.

But at the last Joseph said unto the
people, who had sold their lands, "Be-
hold I have bought you and your land
of Pharaoh; lo! here is seed that you may
sow your lands, and of the increase
thereof ye shall give one-fifth part unto
Pharaoh, and four parts thereof shall be
your own, for seed of the field and for
food for your household, and your little
ones." And the Egyptians said, "Thou
hast saved our lives; let us find grace
in the sight of my Lord, and we will be
Pharaoh's servants."

So Joseph made the law, which was
over Egypt for many years, that Pharaoh
should receive one-fifth part of all that
was raised in the land of Egypt. Only
the priests were left their lands and
flocks, and the brothers of Joseph be-
came rich as they cared for the cattle and
sheep of Pharaoh, the which they
guarded against the wild beasts of the
field, and the robbers of Philistia, and the
Wilderness. Also Jacob their father en-
dured and increased in riches, and saw
his sons and their posterity increase and
multiply greatly; for of old time the land

ISRAEL IN EGYPT.

109

of Egypt hath been famed for the increase
of grain and of flocks and herds and of
the children of men; so that whereas
Jacob and his children and children's
children numbered but seventy and one
whenas he came down into Egypt they
had become a great people and of great
possessions in this new land. And when
Jacob was old and stricken with years
he called Joseph his son, and said unto
him, "If thou hast love and reverence for
thy father, deal kindly and truly with me,
and grant me this last request."

"Bury me not I pray thee in this land of Egypt, wherein I have dwelt with thee in peace; for this is not the land whereof God himself spake unto Abraham our father, 'Unto thy seed will I give this land.' Well was it for me and mine that thou wast brought herein, and raised up to be not only the savior of this land and people of Egypt, but of all thy kindred and people. Yet would I lie with my father, and with her who was dearest unto me and thee, even at Bethlehem."

Then Joseph said, "I will do as thou hast said, O my father." But Israel said, "Nay, but thou shall swear it unto me" which thing Joseph confirmed with an oath. And thereafter Israel bowed himself in silent prayer, for his heart was in the land of Canaan.

Sometime after these things there came
a messenger unto Joseph, saying, "Be-
hold thy father is sick." And he took with
him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim,
and they told Jacob, "Behold, thy son
Joseph cometh unto thee." Israel gath-
ered the remnants of his strength and sat
upon the cushions of his bed. Blind with
age, and worn with mortal weakness,
Israel spake unto Joseph, of the days of
his youth, wherein the living God had
appeared unto him even at Luz, in the
land of Canaan, and had blessed him,
and promised unto him and to his seed
after him that land for an everlasting
possession. Wherein also his wife
Rachel, the dearly beloved, had died in

child-birth, "while there was but a little
way to come unto Ephrath," and now
lay there buried.

"Whereof," he said, "thy two sons,
Ephraim and Manasseh, which were
born unto thee here before I came unto
thee in this land of Egypt, are also heirs;
for they are my sons, even as Reuben
and Simeon; they shall be mine." The
heirs of thy body begotten after them
may be thine, and shall inherit of thee ac-
cording to thine inheritance."

And seeing dimly the sons of Joseph,
Jacob said, "Who are these?" Joseph
said, "They are my sons, whom God hath
given me in this place." Then said
Jacob, "Bring them unto me, I pray thee,
and I will bless them."

So Joseph brought the lads unto their
grand sire, and he kissed them and em-
braced them, and said unto Joseph, "See
now! Once I had not thought to see thy
face again, and lo, God hath showed me
thy children." And Joseph drew the lads
from between his father's knees, and
holding Ephraim, with his right hand to-
wards Israel's left hand, and Manasseh
with his left hand toward Israel's right,
bowed his face to the ground, before his
father. But Israel stretched out his right
hand and laid it upon Ephraim's head, who
was the youngest, and his left hand upon
the head of Manasseh, the first born, and
he blessed Joseph his son, and said,
"God, before whom my father's Abra-
ham and Isaac did walk; the God which
fed me all my life long unto this day; the
angel which redeemed me from all evil;
bless these lads, and let my name be
named upon them, and the names of my
fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let
them become a multitude in the midst of
the earth."

Then Joseph, seeing that his father had
laid his right hand on the head of
Ephraim, the youngest, would have re-
moved it unto the head of Manasseh, the
first born, saying, "Not so my father; for
this is the first-born; put the right hand
upon his head."

110

But Israel said, "I know it well my son; a great people shall he become, and great in his day and generation; but Ephraim, his younger brother, shall be greater than he, and a greater multitude shall be his posterity; for in this wise doth Israel bless, saying, 'God bless Ephraim and Manasseh.'"

The three rose to their feet; and Jacob said unto Joseph, "Behold I die, but God shall be with you all and bring you again unto the land of your fathers. Moreover unto thee have I given one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite, with my sword and with my bow."

And when he had thus spoken, he called upon his sons, who were without the tent; and when they were met, his voice rang out clear and strong as they had not heard it for years,

"Gather around me, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days. Gather for the last time, and hear ye sons of Jacob, and hearken unto Israel, your father."

"Reuben! thou wast the first born of my might, and early strength; and shouldst have been the excellency of my dignity and power. Yet unstable as water thou shall not excel; because of shameful things, thy birthright hath passed from thee."

"Simeon and Levi were brothers in violence; instruments of cruelty were within their habitations. My soul was not in their secrets, nor mine honor united with their offences; for in their anger they slew, and in their self-will they laid waste a city. Cursed be their anger for it was fierce, and their wrath for it was cruel; divided shall ye be in Israel in the days that are to come."

"Judah, thou art the pride of thy brethren; thy hand shall grasp the necks of our enemies; thy father's children shall bow down unto thee. As a lion's whelp goeth up from his prey, thou, my son, shall bear thyself; he stoopeth down and croucheth himself as an old lion;

who shall dare to awaken his wrath? The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a law-giver from between his feet, until Shiloh come, and gather all people unto him."

"Zebulon shall dwell by the havens of the sea, and among the tall ships; for his borders shall be unto Sidon."

"Isaachar is a strong ass, lying down between two burdens; and seeing that rest is good, and the land pleasant to live in, he shall lend his shoulders to the burden, and become a servant to tribute."

"Dan shall give judges to his people as one of the great tribes of Israel. To their foes he shall be a serpent in the way, an adder in the path, which biteth the horse's heels so that the rider falleth backward. Gad is fearless and enduring; a troop shall overcome him, but he shall overcome at the last. Out of Asher shall be brought rich bread; he shall yield royal dainties for the tables of kings."

"Naphtali is graceful as a deer let loose; and his words are sweet and pleasant."

"Joseph is a fruitful bough beside a fountain, whose branches rest upon a sunny wall. The archers grieved and hated, and shot at him, but his bow was unbroken, and his hands were strengthened by the mighty God of Jacob, even by the God of the fathers who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee with great blessings; high as the heavens above, deep as the depths beneath; blessings such as a mother giveth to her first born. Let the blessings of thy father, greater than those of my father's before me, more boundless than the uttermost boundary of the everlasting hills, lie upon the head of Joseph, and the crowned head of him who was thrust away from his brethren."

"Benjamin shall raven as a wolf; in the morning he shall rend the prey, and in the evening divide the spoil."

And having thus admonished his sons, and foretold unto each of them the

ISRAEL IN EGYPT.

III

destinies of his house, he spake lastly of himself, saying: "I am about to be gathered unto my people; bury me with my fathers, in the cave which is in the field of Ephron the Hittite; in the cave of Machpelah, before Mamre in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought of Ephron the Hittite for a burial place.

"There lie buried, Abraham and Sarai, Isaac and Rebekah; and there I buried Leah in the field and the cave bought of the children of Heth."

As he ceased speaking, Jacob sank back upon his bed insensible, and gave up the ghost; and Joseph fell upon his father's face and kissed him and wept exceedingly.

Thereafter he commanded the embalmers to embalm the body of his father even as kings are embalmed; and the Egyptians mourned publicly for Israel three score and ten days.

And Joseph sought permission of Pharaoh to go up out of Egypt and to bury his father as he had sworn unto Jacob, and Pharaoh said, "Go up and bury thy father as he hath made you swear."

And with Joseph went up a great following; his captains and the nobles and wise men of the land of Egypt, with all his own relatives and retainers and the families and servants of his father and brothers. Only their little ones and herds were left behind in Goshen.

And with them went heavy horsemen, and chariots, from the eastern garrisons of Egypt. A very great company they came unto the threshing floor of Atad, beyond Jordan, and with a great and very sore lamentation Joseph mourned for his father seven days. Then the sons of Jacob laid him in the cave of the field of Machpelah as he had commanded them. But when that great company had returned into Egypt, Joseph's brethren feared, and said among themselves, "Now that our father is dead, peradventure Joseph will hate us, and will certainly requite us all the evil which we did unto him."

And they sent a messenger unto Joseph, saying, "Thy father did command before he died, saying, 'So shall ye say unto Joseph, Forgive, I pray thee now the trespass of thy brethren and their sons, for they did unto thee evil.' Now, we pray thee, forgive the trespass of the servants of the God of thy father,'" and at this message Joseph covered his face and wept.

His brethren also went unto him, and fell down before his face and cried, "Behold we be thy servants."

And Joseph said, "Fear not; am I in the place of God to judge and punish?" As for you ye thought to do evil against me; but God meant that it should be for good to save much people alive. Now, therefore, fear ye not; for I will nourish you and your little ones." So he comforted them, and spoke kindly to them all.

And Joseph lived one hundred and ten years, and saw Ephraim's children of the third generation; and the children of Machir, the son of Manasseh, were brought up on his knees.

Pharaoh after Pharaoh passed away, and dynasty succeeded dynasty during his life days, but Joseph was still held in love and honor; and it is said of old time, that after his death he was worshipped as a god, not only by the Egyptians, but by the Greeks, who said that he sometimes appeared unto the Egyptians as the God Hermes, about the time of the Nile inundations, flying with sandals an ell long; and that at such times there followed a season of great and abundant harvests. But during his life he was as a shield unto the sons of Israel, and they gathered riches and cattle and became men of renown in that country.

But one more great sorrow was his; to wit, the slaying of the sons of Ephraim, nine in number, who went up against the men of Gath to drive off their cattle, stolen in a great raid. These the men of Gath took at advantage and slew,

112

sparing none alive; so that Ephraim was
left childless, and mourned many days,
but his brothers came to comfort him.

And when he was about to depart, Joseph said unto his brethren, “I die, but God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he gave for an inheritance unto Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Now swear to me that in the days when God shall visit you, to lead you up out of Egypt, ye shall surely carry my bones from hence.”

So Joseph died, being one hundred and ten years old, and was embalmed after the manner of the Egyptians.

Long after the death of Joseph the children of Israel increased abundantly and became a mighty people, and rich in cattle. But thereafter arose a new Pharaoh who knew not Joseph, and hated all shepherds because of the evil that had been wrought of old time by the Shepherd-Kings.

And he took counsel with his wise men
how he might break the power of the
sons of Israel, for he feared to drive them
out into that land of Canaan, whereof
their memory was now but as a dream.

And Pharaoh set over them task-masters, to afflict them with over-work and heavy burdens, and made them build the treasure cities of Pithom and Rameses; also, to dig great canals and deepen the channels of rivers, and other great labors.

But the more they were afflicted, the
stronger grew the children of Israel, and
the greater their multitude became, so
that the Egyptians knew not what to do.
Then Jannes and Jambres, two of the
wise men of Egypt, who stood before
Pharaoh to divine what was to befall,
came before Pharaoh, and Jannes said:
“O Pharaoh, a child is to be born this
year, of the Israelites living within thy
borders, who shall redeem his people
and make of them a great nation; and at
the same time shall bring upon the
Egyptian people such humiliation and
losses, as shall astonish the world. For
so great shall be the virtue of the man

thus born, and the glory which he shall
attain, that he shall be famous through-
out the world for all ages.”

And Pharaoh straitly charged all his people, saying, “Every son of the Hebrews that is born this year ye shall cast into the river, but every daughter ye shall save alive.” Wherefore many children were slain, but many were concealed and privately nurtured; albeit the king slew many who disobeyed his orders to slay every man-child of the people of Israel.

There was a man, hight Amram, a
descendant of Levi the son of Jacob,
who was a good man and true, and not
forgetful of the law of God. And his wife
Jochebed had born him a son, Aaron,
and a daughter, Miriam.

To him in a vision came the Angel of
God and recalled unto him the traditions
of his house. How Sarai, being old, had
born Isaac unto Abraham, who had left
Canaan unto Isaac, Arabia unto Ishmael,
and Troglodytis unto the sons of
Keturah, the wife of his old age; and
how the children of Israel, from the
seventy who had come into Egypt in the
Great Famine, had become 600,000
souls; until for fear of the birth of one
who should bring this great people out
of bondage and give it a place among the
nations, Pharaoh had decreed the mur-
der of every man-child of the sons of
Israel.

"And to thee, of all men," said the
Angel, "it is decreed that this child, out of
dread of whom the Egyptians have
doomed the Israelitish children to de-
struction, shall be thy child, and shall de-
liver the Hebrew nation from the
Egyptians."

Whereupon in that same year, Joch-
bed the wife of Amram bore a son,
which, with great pains, they concealed
for three months from the servants of
Pharaoh. But being assured that they
could no longer conceal him, for he was
a lusty child, and exceedingly strong and
beautiful, Amram bethought himself of

ISRAEL IN EGYPT.

113

the promise of God, that he would care for the child, that no harm might come unto him. Long thereafter Miriam the prophetess, told of those evil days and nights, when, with tears, her father and mother wove the dry rushes which Aaron, the first born son of Amram, had gathered beside the river against the family needs. A broad hollow, spoon-like ark they wove, and covered it without with asphaltum and pitch until no water could penetrate; and as they worked, Amram told the traditions of his ancient house; of the promises of Jehovah, eternal and all-powerful, who had saved Isaac at the altar and Joseph from pit and prison.

He was oppressed and broken in spirit by a King who knew not Joseph, and had carried war, fierce and unsparing into the land of Canaan, and all Philistia and throughout the great Wilderness, whence in the days of Abraham and Jacob the tribes had been wont to come in peace with their flocks and herds, when the springs failed and the pastures were spent. "Yet Amram trusted God, and when the ark was finished blessed the lusty, handsome babe that for a night or two they trained to sleep soundly within its shelter, until the ever-haunting fear of detection, and the ruthless destruction of Amram and all his house forbade further hesitation. It was just before dawn that Jochebed, bearing in her arms the little ark, laid it among the flags in a sequestered nook of the Tanitic branch of the Nile and returned unto her house, softly weeping. But Miriam, the sister of the babe, stood a little way off to see what should befall.

And it came to pass that the daughter of Pharaoh came down to the river to bathe therein and, with her maidens, walked by the side of the river, and she saw the ark and bade one of her maidens to fetch it. And when it was opened she saw the child, and the babe awoke and wept; and she had compassion on the child, for she said, "Behold, this is one of the Hebrew children."

Then came Miriam, and looked upon the princess and the ark with the babe therein, as is the manner of little maids, and saw that the daughter of Pharaoh wished well unto the child.

So she said unto the princess, "Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for thee?"

And Pharaoh's daughter said, "Go!" and the little maid went and brought Jochebed, the child's mother.

And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her, "Take this child away and nurse it for me and I will give thee thy wages," and Jochebed, the wife of Amram, took her own child back into his own father's house, and they had no fear of the officers of the King, for they said, "We are paid to care for this child by the daughter of Pharaoh."

And the child grew in beauty and stature beyond all expectation; in so much, that when he was three years old the daughter of Pharaoh, who in ancient writing is hight Thermuthis and was married, ardently desired him for her own; for she had no children. And Jochebed wept softly when she took him away, for Thermuthis had said, "If I have not brought forth this child myself, I have at least brought him forth out of the river. Wherefore she called his name Mesu or Maussa; that is, "Brought Forth."

Now the fated year had then long passed in which Pharaoh had sought out the men-children of the Israelites to slay them, and Thermuthis arrayed Moses in purple and fine linen, and carried him in her arms into the presence of the king. And whereas the Pharaoh admired and fondled the babe, she said unto the king, "I have no child of my own, and this babe was brought by the river unto me and is beautiful in strength. Aye! even beyond the wont of mortals. I will make him my heir and perchance the heir of Egypt."

Then the king laughed, and took the

114

child and carressed it, and the crown of
Egypt, even the Uraeus of Lower Egypt
was upon his head, and Pharaoh put the
diadem into the hands of Moses that he
might play therewith and perchance set
it upon his own head. But Moses, like
a froward child, threw down the diadem
and set his little feet thereon, and Jannes
the Wise stood in the presence of the
king.

Wherefore Jannes tried to kill the
child, and when Thermuthis withstood
him, cried in a frightful manner: "This
child, O King, is he of whom the gods
foretold, that if we kill him we shall avoid
a great danger, which prediction he him-
self attests by trampling upon thy royalty
and spurning thy dominion with his feet.
Remove him, therefore, from the way, O
King, and take away from the Jews that
Deliverer, for whom they hope."

But Thermuthis snatched away the
child; and Rameses himself, although ill
at ease, would not bereave her of him.
Wherefore, Moses lived in the palace of
Rameses and was educated in the temples
of Zoan, whereof the Egyptians have
written:

"Its fields abound in good things and the lives of its people are spent in endless plenty and abundance. Its canals are alive with fish, its lakes swarm with birds, its gardens are green with vegetables. There is no end to the rows of lentils, and honey sweet melons grow in thousands. Huge barns are full of wheat and millet; onions and sesame fill great fields, and the apple, almond, vine and fig tree are laden with splendid fruit. Sweet is the wine of Rameses, for the people of Zoan mix it with the honey of thousands of hives."

"The red fish of the lotus canal, great Borian-fish from the ponds, carp and pike from the great canal, fat-fish and Kepti-Pennu from the pools of the inundation, and great Hauraz-fish from the full mouths of the Nile below Tanis, are sold in the markets. The dwellers along the city canal produce salt; and they of

the lake district of Pahir, gather natron; many long-oared ships enter the havens daily; plenty and abundance is perpetual. Happy is he who dwells in that city which Rameses-Miamun hath builded."

"Upon the entrance of the King into the city all alike, the common people as well as the nobles, rejoiced, saying, 'Come! Let us celebrate to him his god-like and his mortal feasts.' Thereupon the dwellers of the reedy lake Thufi came in laden with lilies, and those of Shensor with papyrus blooms; great loads of fruit from the nurseries, flowers from their gardens and buds from the lakes came in as tribute, with fish from the sea coast and the great lakes."

The youths of the Conqueror's city stood at their doorways clad in gorgeous raiment, their hair finely curled and soft with fragrant oil, their hands full of branches and flowers and sweet smelling garlands. All the people were assembled and neighbor vied with neighbor. De-licious wines flowed like water, and their sherbets were mixed with almonds and honey. There was store of cider; beer from Kati was sold by vessels in the har-bor; the sweet songs of their maidens were set to the choicest airs of Memphis. They sat together, eating and drinking with joyous hearts, and joined the num-berless multitude that ceaselessly walked the streets. Such was the new city in the day of the entry of King Rameseu-Miamun in the early morning of the monthly feast of Kihith."

In this city was Moses nurtured, and became exceedingly wise in all knowl-edge of the Egyptians. Also, he was of great stature and beauty; in so much, that men and women turned to gaze af-ter him as he passed along the streets. Moreover, it is said that when he was grown to man's estate the Ethiopians in-vaded the land of Khem, and for that Rameses at first chastised them, sent a great multitude which took city after city in upper Egypt, and conquered it, even unto Memphis itself. And there-

ISRAEL IN EGYPT.

115

after every general that was sent against
the Ethiopians was defeated, for
Rameses was stricken in years and could
no longer lead his armies as of old time.
Wherefore, Thermuthis besought Moses
to lead an army against the enemy, for
an oracle had said that he alone could
command victory. But she distrusted
the priests and reminded them that they
had been warned by the same oracle to
slay Moses, and had diligently sought
his life. Wherefore she made them swear
by their chiefest gods and the life of
Pharaoh that they would in no wise seek
to slay or injure him.

Then, whereas, all the generals of
Pharaoh had followed the banks of the
great river Nile, by which the Ethiopian
king lay in wait for the Egyptians, or
fenced the ways with strong camps and
walled cities; Moses led his armies across
the deserts, which no man before him had
been able to pass. And when certain
parts of these deserts were full of deadly
vipers and flying serpents, whose bite is
death remediless, Moses carried certain
great cages on wheels, wherein were
tame ibises, which, being let out, slew and
ate the serpents; so that few were bitten,
and thus unexpectedly, from the trackless
deserts, he fell upon the Ethiopians and
defeated them, with great slaughter in
many battles.

At last only Saba, now called Meroe,
remained unto the Ethiopians; but this
city was exceedingly strong and nearly
surrounded by the Nile, with the smaller
streams of Astapas and Artaboras. Moses
fought before the city in his chariots and
commanded his troops and slew many.
And Tharbis, the daughter of the Ethi-
opian King, saw Moses as he fought with
the champions of her people and desired
him in marriage, and at last she found
a messenger, and agreed with Moses, that
she would open to him the gates of
Meroe if he would make her his wife.
This, it is declared by men of old, Moses
did, and afterwards governed Saba until
he returned to Zoan in triumph.

But Moses was by no means unmind-
ful of his birth or his people, and so far
as he could showed favors to them and
procured privileges for his family and na-
tion. He also carefully studied their re-
ligion and traditions, and talked much
with the elders, whose parents or grand-
sires had once been rich and free. But
he saw that nothing could be done to
free the Hebrews, by the consent of the
King, and of the elders and priests of
Khem. Also, there were many of the
Hebrews who were not evilly entreated,
who said unto him, "Go to now! This is
but a change in the destinies of our peo-
ple, which cometh of natural causes, and
the evolution of the race. No one man
can do anything to change these evil
things or to redeem our people. Also,"
said they, "most of them, if they could,
would do unto the Egyptians what the
Egyptians have done unto them. Is it
not the order of things that the great
oppress the ignorant and that the few
hold in subjection the many? Also, we
are persuaded that most of our people
are better off as they are, than if they
were made free."

"Behold they are now well cared for
and clothed upon; every man hath steady
labor and carrieth unto his task food, and
to spare. What shall it profit them to be
free, as thou sayest, to go out into the
wilderness, to fight and perish, and to
build up a new nation? Truly a few old
men, and those given unto vain com-
plainings, prate of Abraham and Isaac, of
Jacob and Joseph, and of the traditions,
which are now as worn-out garments,
and wineskins which are empty and too
rotten to fill again. Why dost thou seek
to stir up discontent against the King
and rail against the prosperity and happi-
ness which he hath given us? Where-
fore, for a while, Moses returned unto
his foster-mother; but these things sunk
into his heart, and he could not endure
tyranny, nor patiently countenance the
sordid and animal lusts, which prevented
so many from seeking justice for them-

116

selves, or, even providing nobly for their
own souls and those of their posterity."
And at last, as he chanced to go out one
day among his Hebrew fellows and looked
upon them as they sweated and groaned
under heavy burdens, he saw a man of
Israel fall in his place and an Egyptian
beating him without mercy. For a mo-
ment he looked on, but the Egyptian had
no mercy, and was killing the man. Then
Moses looked this way and that, and see-
ing that no other Egyptian was nigh, he
fell upon that task-master and slew him
and hid his body in the sand.

And on the second day, he found two

of the Hebrews striving together and said
unto the one who did the wrong, "Where-
fore smitest thou thy fellow?" But he
answered him impudently and said, "Who
made thee a prince and a judge over us?
Intendest thou to kill me as thou didst
kill the Egyptian yesterday?" And Moses
feared and said, "Surely the thing is
known."

Then Pharaoh heard, and sought to
slay Moses. But Moses, warned in time,
took raiment and weapons, and fled from
the face of Pharaoh going by lonely ways
and narrow paths into the land of Midian.

THE MOTHER'S QUESTION.

AUGUSTUS M. HODGES.

As visions of the past, by memory led,
From every opening vista crowd the mind,
Till all our present duties fade—have fled,
And Time rolls back to years far, far behind;
If, by some strange enchantment we could be
Then winged from matrons, back again to youth,
Would we return once more to girlhood's glee—
Would we return? I ask. Pray, speak the truth!
Would you return?

Would you recall to earth, from peaceful sleep,
Fond parents; have them break their heavenly rest,
To toil again, to watch, to mourn, to weep
O'er cares and troubles, only you know best?
Would you return to fleeting youth again,
And hush the prattle in your baby's cot
Aft' all these years of care, of toil, of pain?
A mother's feeling tells me I would not—
Would you—return?

HAGAR'S DAUGHTER.

117

HAGAR'S DAUGHTER.*

*A Story of Southern Caste Prejudice.*

SARAH A. ALLEN.

### SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTERS I. TO VIII.

DURING December, 1860, the rebellious political spirit of the country leaped all barriers and culminated in treason.
Closely associated with the Confederate leaders, was St. Clair Enson, son of an aristocratic Maryland family, who hoped, by rendering valuable aid to the founders of the new government, to re-establish himself socially and financially. While in Charleston, S. C., attending the convention preliminary to the formation of the new government, he received a letter announcing the birth of his brother's heiress. This enraged Enson who saw in it the loss of his patrimony. He fell in with a notorious slave-trader named Walker, who accompanied him on his homeward trip on the steamer "Planter." Walker offers to show him a way out of his difficulties for ten thousand dollars.

St. Clair Enson's brother Ellis had married Miss Hagar Sargeant a beauty and an heiress. A daughter was born, soon after this St. Clair arrives at Enson Hall accompanied by

Walker. He claims that Enson was a slave of his on the plantation. Enson denies the charge.

Walker explains that, being childless, Mr. and Mrs. Sargeant, while living at St. Louis, took an octoroon slave from him to bring up. He declares that Hagar is that child, and produces papers to prove his claim. Hagar recognizes the man, and faints at sight of him.

Ellis buys Hagar and the child of Walker. Unable to bear the disgrace of having married a Negress, decided to leave home, but loving his wife very dearly, concludes to go abroad, and live where they are unknown. St. Clair oversees the plan and informs Walker. Enson leaves home to make arrangements for journey. At end of three weeks his dead body is found in some woods on the estate.

Hagar accuses St. Clair and Walker of murdering Ellis. Then St. Clair gives Walker permission to sell Hagar and the child in the Washington slave market. Hagar, with the child, leaps into the Potomac River.

## CHAPTER IX.

### TWENTY YEARS LATER.

It was a fine afternoon in early winter in the year 1882, in the city of Washington, the beautiful capital of our great Republic. Pennsylvania Avenue was literally crammed with foot-passengers and many merry sleighing parties, intent on getting as much enjoyment as possible out of the day.

Freezing weather had been followed by a generous fall of frozen, down-like flakes. Quick to take advantage of a short-lived pleasure, vehicles of every description were flying along the avenue filled with the élite of the gay city. The stream of well-dressed pedestrians moved swiftly over the snowy pavements, for the air was too cold for prolonged lingering, watching with interest, in which envy mingled to some extent, the occupants of the handsome carriages gliding along so rapidly on polished runners. Every notable of the capital was there from the President in his double-runner to the humble clerk in a single-seated modest rig.

A sumptuous Russian sleigh drawn by two splendid black horses, with a statuesque driver in ebony handling the ribbons, attracted the attention of the crowd as it dashed down the avenue and paused near the capitol steps. Two ladies were its occupants. The elder was handsome enough to demand more than a passing glance from the most indifferent, but her young companion was a picture as she nestled in luxurious ease among the costly robes, wrapped in rich furs, from which her delicate face shone out like a star upon the curious throng. That she was a stranger to the crowd could be easily told from the questioning glances which followed the turn-out.

As they passed the Treasury Department two men, both past their first youth, though one was at least twenty years older than the other, came down the steps, and paused a moment, to follow with their eyes the Russian sleigh with the beautiful girl, before mingling with the living stream that flowed from between the great stone columns and spread itself through the magnificent streets of the national capital.

*Copyright, 1901, by the author.

118

"Really, Benson," remarked the elder man as they resumed their walk, "the most beautiful girl I have seen for many a day. You know everyone worth knowing'; who is she?"

At this moment an elderly man of dark complexion, in stylish street costume, but with a decidedly Western air, came down the capitol steps followed by a young man. Both were warmly greeted by the occupants of the sleigh. The dark man spoke a few words to the driver, then both men entered the carriage and it dashed off rapidly.

"That is Senator Bowen, his wife and daughter. He is the new millionaire senator from California. I am not acquainted with the ladies, but after their ball I intend to become assiduous in my attentions."

"Oh! then they are the Bowens! How I wish I knew them. I predict a sensation over the young beauty. Who's the young man?"

"Cuthbert Sumner, my private secretary. Deuced fine fellow, too."

The conversation drifted away from the Bowens, and they were apparently forgotten.

"How was it at the Clarks' last night, Benson, as bad as you expected?"

"Worse if possible. It was dev'lish slow! Nothing stronger than bouillon, not a chance to buck the tiger even for one moment, not a decent looking woman in the rooms. All the women fit for pleasant company give that woman's house a wide berth. Dashed if I blame 'em. The only thing that gives the Clarks a standing is his position. I can't see how he puts up with her. If I had a sanctimonious woman like her for a wife I'd cut and run for it, dashed if I wouldn't."

His companion laughed long and loud.

"No fun for you there, eh, Benson? My boy, you'll never fit into the dignified position of a father of his country, I fear. Oh, well; it's hard to teach an old dog new tricks." "Yes, but think of not being

able to give your friends a decent time, because your wife has a fad on temperament and thinks it a sin to smell a claret cup or a brandy-and-soda. A man with a wife of that sort ought to leave her at home, where she could rule the roost to her heart's content. The seat of government is no place for a missionary." "Well, there's always a way to remedy such things when you know your hostess."

"Of course, of course," General Benson hastened to reply. "Our bouillon was washed down with Russian tea a la Russe. We doctored it in the coatroom."

The two men indulged in a hearty laugh.

"Well, Benson, you'll do," remarked the elder when their mirth had somewhat subsided. "For a dignified chief of a division you're a rare bird."

After a moment's silence, General Benson asked:

"Is Amelia come?"

"Yes, got here last night?"

"Good. It's a relief to be with a woman who can join a man in a social glass, have a cigar with him, or hold her own in winning or losing a game with no Sunday-school nonsense about her. It's hard work keeping up to it, Major; one needs a friend to help one out."

"When's the session end?"

"Next week, thank heaven."

"Sick of politics, too, old man?"

"No; but it's been nothing but wind. Words—words—words—"

"And mutual abuse," broke in the Major, laughing. "Exactly; with nothing accomplished. Can't seem to throw much dust in the eyes of these old fossils."

"The truth is, Benson, the South has a hard, rough road before her to even things up with the North; we've got to go slow until some of the old fire-eaters die out and a new generation comes in."

"It'll be slow enough, never you fear. At present we are in a Slough of Despond; heaven knows when we'll get out

HAGAR'S DAUGHTER.

119

of it. My position in the Treasury
brings the secret workings under my
eye. I know."

"Slough!" retorted the Major; "call it
a bog at once. And to think of the
money we have lost for the Cause."

"And my exile abroad that my mix-
up in the Lincoln assassination caused
me. Do you know, Major, if it were
known that I am my father's son, they'd
hang me even now with little ceremony."

"Thank God they don't know it, my
boy, and take courage."

"I'll get mine out of it by hook or by
crook," replied Beuson with a savage
look. "The country owes me a fortune,
and I'm bound to have it."

The two had reached the corner made
historical by the time-honored political
headquarters, Willard's Hotel. They
paused before separating.

"By the by, Major, I'll get you cards for the Bowens' ball if you like. It would be a great chance for Amelia."

"If I like! Why, man, I'll be your
everlasting debtor."

"Very well; consider it done."

"A thousand thanks." The friends
parted.

General Benson entered the hotel,
where he had apartments, and the Major
wended his way to his home, a handsom
house in a quiet side street.

## CHAPTER X.

### THE FAMILY OF A MILLIONAIRE.

Senator Zenas Bowen, newly elected
senator from California, and many times
a millionaire, occupied a mansion on
16th Street, N. W., in close proximity
to the homes of many politicians who
have made the city of Washington
famous at home and abroad.

There were three persons in the Bowen
family—the Honorable Zenas Bowen, his
wife Estelle and his daughter Jewel.
This was his second season in Washing-
ton. The first year he was in the House
and his work there was so satisfactory

to his constituents that the next season
he was elected with a great flourish of
trumpets to fill the seat in the Senate,
made vacant by a retiring senator.

The Honorable Zenas was an example
of the possibilities of individual expan-
sion under the rule of popular govern-
ment. Every characteristic of his was of
the self-made pattern. In familiar con-
versation with intimate friends, it was
his habit to fall into the use of ungram-
matical phrases, and, in this, one might
easily trace the rugged windings of a life
of hardship among the great unwashed
before success had crowned his labors
and steered his bark into its present
smooth harbor. He possessed a rare
nature: one of those genial men whom
the West is constantly sending out to
enrich society. He had begun life as a
mate on a Mississippi steamboat. When
the Civil War broke out, he joined the
Federal forces, and at its close was mus-
tered out as "Major Bowen." His wife
dying about this time, he took his child,
Jewel, and journeyed to California, in-
vested his small savings in mining prop-
erty in the Black Hills. His profits were
fabulous; he counted his pile way up in
the millions.

His appearance was peculiar. Middle
height, lank and graceless. He had the
hair and skin of an Indian, but his eyes
were a shrewd and steely gray, wherein
one saw the spirit of the man of the
world, experienced in business and hav-
ing that courage, when aroused, which is
common to genial men of deadly dis-
position. Firm lips that suggested stern-
ness gave greater character to his face,
but his temper was known to be most
mild. He dressed with scrupulous neat-
ness, generally in black broadcloth.
There was no denying his awkwardness;
no amount of polish could make him
otherwise. His relation to his family
was most tender, his wife and daughter
literally worshipping the noble soul that
dwelt within its ungainly casket.

After Fortune had smiled on him, one

120

day while stopping at the Bohemian, a favorite resort in 'Frisco, he was waited on by a young woman of great beauty. The Senator fell in love with her immediately and at the end of a week proposed marriage. Fortunate it was for him that Estelle Marks, as she was called, was an honorable woman who would not betray his confidence. She accepted his offer, vowing he should never have cause to regret his act. One might have thought from her eager acceptance that in it she found escape, liberty, hope.

"Yes," she said, "I will marry you."

He was dazed. He could not speak for one moment so choked was he with ecstacy at his own good fortune. He covered his eyes with his hand, and then he said in a hoarse voice: "I swear to make you happy. My own happiness seems more than I can believe."

Then she stooped suddenly and kissed his hand. He asked her where she would like to live.

"Anywhere you think best," was her reply.

He assured her that the North Pole, Egypt, Africa,—all were one to him, with her and his little daughter. And so they were married.

He had never regretted the step. Estelle was a mother to the motherless child, and being a well-educated woman, versed in the usages of polite society, despite her recent position as a waitress in a hotel, soon had Jewel at a first-class school, where she could be fitted for the position that her father's wealth would give her. Nor did Estelle's good work end there. She recognized her husband's sterling worth in business and morals, and insisted upon his entering the arena of politics. Thanks to her cleverness, he made no mistakes and many hits which no one thought of tracing to his wife's rare talents. Not that Bowen was a fool; far from it. Mrs. Bowen simply fulfilled woman's mission in making her husband's career successful by the exercise of her own intuitive powers. His public

speeches were marked by rugged good sense. His advice was sagacious. He soon had enthusiastic partisans and became at last a powerful leader in the politics of the Pacific Slope. All in all, Mrs. Bowen was a grand woman and Senator Bowen took great delight in trying to further her plans for a high social position for himself and the child.

Jewel Bowen's beauty was of the Saxon type, dazzling fair, with creamy roseate skin. Her hair was fair, with streaks of copper in it; her eyes, gray with thick short lashes, at times iridescent. Her nose superbly Grecian. Her lips beautifully firm, but rather serious than smiling.

Jewell was not unconscious of her attractions. She had been loved, flattered, worshipped for twenty years. She was proud with the pride of conscious worth that demanded homage as a tribute to her beauty—to herself.

Her tastes were luxuriously simple; she reveled in the dainty accessories of the toilet. To the outside world her dress was severely plain, but her dressmaker's bill attested to the cost of her elegant simplicity.

It was but a short time since Jewel had been transported from her quiet Canadian convent into the whirl of Washington life, a splendid house, more pretty dresses than she could number, a beautiful mother, albeit a step-mother, more indulgent than most mothers, fairly adoring the sweet and graceful girl so full of youth's alluring charm, and a father who was the noblest, tenderest and wisest of men. But she was a happy-hearted girl, full of the joy of youth and perfect health. She presented a bright image to the eye all through the fall, as she galloped over the surrounding country on her thoroughbred mare, followed by her groom and two or three dogs yapping at her heels.

There was perfect accord between her and her step-mother. Mrs. Bowen shared the Senator's worship of Jewel. From

HAGAR'S DAUGHTER.

121

the moment the two had met and the child had held her little arms toward her, blinking her great gray eyes in the light that had awakened her from her slumbers, and had nestled her downy head in the new mother's neck with a sigh of content, almost instantly falling asleep again, with the words: "Oh, pitty, pitty lady!"

Estelle Bowen had kissed her passionately again and again, and from that time Jewel had been like her very own. The young step-mother trained the child carefully for five years, then very reluctantly sent her to the convent of the Sacred Heart at Montreal, where she had remained until she was eighteen. Then followed a year abroad, and her meeting with Cuthbert Sumner.

About this time events crowded upon each other in her young life. Her father's rise was rapid in the money world and, together with his political record, gave his family access to the wealthiest and most influential society of the country.

Cuthbert Sumner, her acknowledged lover, was an only child of New England ancestry favored by fortune like herself. His father, a wealthy manufacturer, was the owner of a business that had been in the Sumner family for many generations. His mother had died while he was yet a lad. It was a dull home. The son just leaving Harvard, had been expected to assume the responsibilities of his father's establishment, but having no taste for a commercial life, and being fitted by nature as well as education for a career in politics, his father reluctantly gave his consent that Cuthbert should have his wish after a few years spent in travel had acquainted him with the great world.

Mr. Sumner, senior, finding his son's desires still unchanged upon his return from abroad, used his influence and obtained for him a position in the Treasury as private secretary in General Benson's department. So young Sumner was duly launched upon the sea of politics. The world of fashion surged about him and

he soon found himself a welcome guest in certain homes. He had little leisure for society, but sought it more after he attended Jewel Bowen's "coming-out" reception, a year previous to this chronicle. There he had seen a maiden in white, her arms laden with fragrant flowers, with beautiful fearless eyes which looked directly into the secret depths of his heart.

Sumner was twenty-six and this was not his first experience with women. He had been in love with the sex, more or less, since the day he left off knee-breeches. As he looked into Jewel's eyes he remembered some of his experiences with a pang of regret. He was no better, no worse than most young fellows. He had played some, flirted some, had even been gloriously hilarious once, for all of which his conscience now whipped him soundly. Jewel looked upon him with mingled feelings, in which curiosity was uppermost. In her world money was the potent factor; but in this man she saw the result of generations of culture and wealth combined.

One afternoon when they were calling, about the time of her "coming-out" party, a friend of Mrs. Bowen had mentioned him: "Such a fascinating man! and so handsome! Will you let me bring him? He's a man you must know, of course, and the sooner the better."

"We shall be very pleased," Mrs. Bowen replied; "any friend of yours is welcome."

"Thanks. That's settled then."

"He looks very different from the most of the men one meets in Washington," remarked Jewel, who was examining the pictured face that smiled at her from its ornate frame on the mantel.

"How?"

"Oh, I don't know. More manly, I suppose would explain it."

"Wait till you know him," returned the matron with a meaning smile.

"Cuthbert Sumner," Jewel repeated to herself. Yes, they talk so much of him, all the women seem to have lost their

122

hearts to him. I wonder if he will, after all, be worth the knowing.”

That was the beginning. The end was in sight from the time they first met. It was a desperate case on both sides. None was surprised at the announcement of the engagement the previous winter. It was understood that the wed-ding would take place at Easter.

"The Bowens are in town." That meant a vast deal to the important section of Washington's world which constitutes "society," for the splendid mansion, closed since the daughter's brief introduction to society, it was rumored, would be added to the list of places where one could dance, dine and flirt. Festivities were to open with a ball—a marvel of splendor, for which five hundred invitations had been issued.

Senator Bowen was walking down the avenue the next afternoon, on his way home, when he was joined by General Benson, who had developed lately a passion for his society. The two men frequented the same clubs and transacted much official business together, but there had been nothing approaching intimacy between them. If the shrewd Westerner had given expression to his secret thoughts they would have run somewhat in the following vein:

"Got a hang-dog look about that off eye which tells me he's a tarnation mean cuss on occasion. He's all good looks and soft sawder. However, that don't worry me any; it's none o' my funeral."

After the two men had exchanged the usual civilities, the latest political question looming up on the horizon was discussed; finally, the conversation turned upon the coming ball.

"By the by, Senator, I wish I dared ask for cards for a friend of mine and his daughter. They have just arrived in town for the season, and know no one. He, the father, is the newly-appointed president of the Arrow-head mines; the daughter is lovely; a fine foil for Miss

Jewel. Unexceptional people, and all that."

"Certainly, General," the Senator hastened to reply. "What address?"

With profuse thanks, General Benson handed him a card, on which appeared the name:

HENRY C. MADISON.

Corcoran Building. Washington, D. C.

"I will speak to Mrs. Bowen right away.

Mrs. Bowen and Jewel were enjoying a leisure hour before dinner, in lounging chairs before the blazing grate-fire in the former's sitting-room. There was a little purr of gratification from both women as they heard a well-known step in the hall.

"Well' here you both are," was Senator Bowen's greeting as he kissed his wife and daughter and flung himself wearily into a chair.

"Tired?" asked his wife.

"Yes, some of these dumb-headed aristocrats are worse to steer into a good paying bit of business for the benefit of the government treasury, than a bucking broncho."

"How late you are, papa," here broke in Jewel from her perch on her father's knee, where she was diligently searching his pockets. It had been her custom from babyhood, and never yet had her search been unrewarded.

"I'd have been here earlier only I met General Benson and he always has so many questions to ask, especially about my little lass, that he kept me no end of time."

"Don't be wicked, papa," smiled Jewel, "because you spoil me; you think everyone must see with your eyes."

"Ah! pet; it's just wonderful how well all the old and young single fellows know me since you have grown up. But we won't listen to 'em just yet, Blossom; not even Sumner shall part us for a good bit; your pa just can't lose you for a good spell, I reckon."

HAGAR'S DAUGHTER.

123

"No man shall part us, dad; if he takes me, he must take the whole family," replied Jewel with a loving pat on the slow cheek.

"We'll see, we'll see. There's another bid for an invite to your shin-dig." he continued, with a laugh, as he tossed the card given him by General Benson into his wife's lap. It's mighty pleasant to be made much of; it's worth while getting rich just to see how money can change the complexion of things, and how cordial the whole world can be to one man if he's got the spondulix."

"My dear Zenas," said Mrs. Bowen, with a shake of her head and a comical smile on her face, "don't talk the vernacular of the gold mines here in Washington. You'll be eternally disgraced."

"Well, Mrs. Senator, I've fit the enemy, tackled grizzlies, starved, been locked up in the pens of Libby Prison, and I've come out first best every time, but this thing you call society beats me. The women make me dizzy, the men make me sick, and a mighty little of it makes me ready to quit, fairly squashed. Them's my sentiments."

A cry of delight broke from Jewel,— "O dad!" as she brought to view a package in a white paper. Mrs. Bowen left her seat to join in the frolic that ensued to gain possession of it. At last the mysterious bundle was unwrapped, the box opened and a pearl necklace brought to view of wonderful beauty and value. The senator's eyes were full of the glint and glister of love and pride as he watched the faces of his wife and daughter. After a moment he brought out another package, which he gave to his wife.

"There, Mrs. Senator, there's your diamond star you've been pining after for a month. I ordered them quite a while ago; happened to be passing Smith's and stopped in, found 'em ready and here they be. What women see in such gewgaws is a puzzler to me. I can tolerate such hankering in a young 'un, but being you're not a chicken, Mrs. Senator,

and not in the market, and still good looking enough to make any man restless with no ornaments but a clean calico frock, your fancies are a conundrum to yours truly. But these women folks must be humored, I suppose."

With this the Senator plunged into his dressing-room, which adjoined his wife's sitting-room, and began the work of dressing for dinner and the theatre.

"Cuthbert coming?" he called to his daughter, who still lingered.

"Yes, papa."

"Jewel, dear, have Venus be particular with your toilet tonight; I will overlook you when she has finished."

"That the name of your new maid, Blossom?" the Senator's voice demanded. There were many grunts, groans and growls issuing from the privacy where his evening toilet was progressing because of refractory collar buttons and other unruly accessories.

"Yes, papa."

"Hump! Name enough to hang her: Venus, the goddess of love and beauty! Can she earn her salt?"

He appeared at the door now struggling into an evening vest. He employed no man, declaring no valley de chamber should boss him around. He'd always been free and didn't propose to end his days in slavery to any slick-pated fashionplate who didn't know the color of gold from the inside of a brass kettle.

"I don't know what I would do without her. I have been intending to speak to you for some time concerning her brother. He is a genius, and Venus has given up her hopes of becoming a school teacher among her people to earn money to help develop his talents. Can't we do something for them, papa?" I have said nothing to her yet."

"Hump! You're always picking up lame animals, Blossom; from a little shaver it's been the same. If you keep it up in Washington, you'll have all the black beggars in the city ringing the area bell. However, I'll look the matter

124

up. If the girl ain't too proud to go out
as a servant to help herself along, there
may be something in her."

CHAPTER XI.

WHO IS SHE?

At eight that evening—Theatre was filled to overflowing, for Modjeska was to interpret the heart-breaking story of "Camille." Senator Bowen and his handsome wife; Jewel and Cuthbert Sumner occupied a box, and were watching intently the mimic portrayal of life. Jewel was listening earnestly to Modjeska's words; the grand rendering of the life story of a passionate, loving, erring, noble woman's heart touched her deeply. The high-bred grace, the dainty foreign accent, the naturalness of the actress, held her in thrall and she did not take her eyes from the stage. As the curtain went down on the second act she lifted her glass and slowly scanned the house. Suddenly she paused with a heart that throbbed strangely. Directly across from her sat a woman—young in years, but with the mature air of a woman of the world. "Surely," thought Jewel, "I know that face." The girl had a woman's voluptuous beauty with great dusky eyes and wonderful red-gold hair. Her dress of moss-green satin and gold fell away from snowy neck and arms on which diamonds gleamed. Just then Sumner uttered an exclamation of surprise. He had turned, almost at the same moment with Jewel, and swept a careless glance over the house, bowing to several, most-ly well-known people either by profes-sion or social standing, but had declined to see more than one fair one's invita-tion. Passing, as it were, a box on the left, his glance had rested on a face that instantly arrested it and caused him to exclaim. An elderly man sat with the vision of loveliness. In repose the girl's face lost some of its beauty and seemed care-worn; one felt impressed that girl-hood's innocence had not remained un-touched.

The lady was watching their box in-
tently, and seeing herself discovered
smiled a brilliant smile of recognition as
she inclined her head in Sumner's direc-
tion holding his glance for one instant
in a way that seemed to call him to her
side. He bowed, then turned his head
away with a feeling of confusion that an-
noyed him. He did not offer to go to
her, however.

"Do you know her? Who is she,
Cuthbert?" asked Jewel, intercepting
both smile and bow.

"It is Miss Madison," he replied, lift-
ing his glass nonchalantly. "I did not
know she was in Washington. I have
not seen her for three years. Looking
remarkably well, is she not?"

"She is glorious! Her face somehow
seems familiar to me. I must have met
her. Have you seen much of her?"

"Can't say that I have. Met her at a
ball at Cape May. But I found the place
so dull I packed up and went home. Af-
ter that I went abroad. Then I met a
sweet little woman who has led me cap-
tive at her chariot wheels ever since."

Then followed some talk dear to the
souls of lovers and the beauty opposite
was forgotten. But throughout the next
act Jewel felt her heart contract as the
dusk eyes followed her movements with
a restless, smouldering fire in their depths
that pained her to see.

Amelia Madison watched the box op-
posite with hungry intensity. She was
studying Jewel's face mentally saying:
"There is not another woman in the
house like her. She is like a strain of
Mozart, a spray of lilies. My God! how
he looks at her—he never looked at me
like that! He respects her; he worships
her—"

She sank back in breathless misery.

Aurelia Madison and Cuthbert Sumner
had met one summer at Cape May. They
had loved and been betrothed; had quar-
reled fiercely over a flirtation on her part
and had separated in bitterness and pain;
and yet the man was relieved way down
in a corner of his heart for he had felt

HAGAR'S DAUGHTER.

125

dimly, after the first rapture was over, that he was making a mistake, that she was not the woman to command the respect of his friends nor to bring him complete happiness. Yet after a fashion she fascinated him. Her grace, her beauty, thrilled his blood with rapture that he thought then was Love. Love came to him a later guest, and the purity and tenderness of Jewel's sweet face blotted out forever the summer splendor of Aurelia Madison's presence. Now it was all over; he knew he had never loved her, and that he was fortunate to have found it out in time.

No one knew of this episode in Aurelia Madison's life. Her father had been away on one of his periodical tours, and the girl was accountable to none but an old governess who acted as chaperone.

Since that time she had led a reckless life. Had lived at Monte Carlo two seasons, aiding her father in his games of chance, luring the gilded youth to lose their money without murmuring. Hers had been a precarious life and a dangerous one. Sometimes they were reduced to expedients. But through it all the girl held her peace, set her teeth hard, and waited for the day when she should again meet Cuthbert Sumner, trusting to the effect of her great beauty, and the fact that he had once loved her passionately, to re-establish her power over the man she worshipped. Once his wife, she told herself, she would shake off all her hideous past and become an honest matron. Honesty she viewed as a luxury for the wealthy to enjoy. Thank heaven, Cuthbert Sumner's wife could afford to be honest. They had met again, but how? All her hopes were dust.

Now she saw Jewel lift her eyes to his with devotion, love and faith in them; she saw him look down eagerly, with truest, tenderest love. The last act was on. She could bear it no longer, but rose impatiently, with rage and hatred in her heart, and attended by her father, left the house. When next Jewel stole a glance

in the direction of the stranger her place was empty.

## CHAPTER XII.

### A PLOT FOR TEN MILLIONS.

It was near nine o'clock the next morning and General Benson was still invisible. His colored valet was moving about noiselessly, making ready for his master. Breakfast was on the table in its silver covers. A bell rang; Isaac disappeared.

General Benson's renown as a great social leader rested, not only on his lavish expenditure and luxurious style of living at Willard's Hotel, where he monopolized one of the most expensive suites, but upon his mental and physical attributes as well. The ladies all voted him a charming fellow. He had a remarkably sweet and caressing voice, which added to his attractions. The many women to whom he had vowed eternal fidelity at one moment, only to abandon heartlessly the next at the rise of a new star in the firmament of beauty, sighed and wept at his defection and voted him the most perfect lover imaginable. It was hinted that one girl had committed suicide solely on his account. But still the ladies believed in his professions.

The members of the various clubs that he affected acknowledged him to be an admirable card-player, a good horseman, an expert with sword or revolver, as well as an unusually agreeable companion in a search after pleasure; generous, too, with his money. But with all his popularity and increase of fame, his fortune declined, and he found himself at the present time embarrassed for money, his capital growing smaller each month in spite of a large salary. Debts of honor must be met, and to keep a good name one's opponent must sometimes win. Then, too, he was growing old; he car-

126

ried his years well, but fifty was looming perilously near.

He and his friend Major Henry Clay Madison, President of the Arrow-Head Mining Company of Colorado, newly established in the city, had a mutual interest in the great scheme that was to make the fortunes of the different shareholders, but even the generous payments he received as his share of the profits made out of verdant men of means who became easy prey because of General Benson's sweet persuasive voice and extolled position in the political world, failed to assist him out of his financial dilemma. Within a month a new scheme had entered his mind,—one that dazzled him the possibilities were so great, a scheme which if successfully handled would put millions in the pockets of a trio of unscrupulous adventurers,—Major Madison and his daughter and himself.

As the clock chimed nine, General Benson entered the room and seated himself at the breakfast table. A moment later his valet informed him that Major and Miss Madison wished to see him.

"Very well; show them in, at once."

Presently the valet ushered them in. The major we have mentioned before; he was short, stout, more than fifty, with gray hair and ferret-like eyes, close-set, and a greenish-gray of peculiar ugliness; a close observer would take exception to them immediately. He was scrupulously attired in the height of fashion. He was accompanied by the strange beauty who had attended the theatre the night before.

"Well, General, you sent for us and here we are. How are you?" was the major's greeting as he shook hands with General Benson and then flung himself into an arm-chair.

"Very well, indeed, thanks, Madison. What is it indeed you, Aurelia?" he extolled on beholding the girl. "How delightful to have you with us once again!"

The lady inclined her head slightly in answer to her host's warm greeting, ignored his offered hand, and subsided

onto a chair with a preoccupied air, a slight frown puckering her forehead.

"Don't mind Aurelia, General; she's mooning as usual," laughed her father.

"You are looking very fit, Major," remarked Benson, recovering from the confusion caused by Aurelia's coolness. "Have a B. and S.?"

"Don't care if I do."

Benson poured a brandy-and-soda for his guest and another for himself; passed the cigars to him and the cigarettes to Miss Madison. She took one, lit it, and drew away in a manner that showed her keen enjoyment. A smile passed over Benson's face as he covertly watched her.

"Well, Madison," the General said, after a few moments' enjoyment of the weed, "I sent for you to come here this morning on a matter of business, because I shall not be able to call on you at any time today, for I may have to go out of town at any moment on some confounded office business. It's a nuisance, I say. The office interferes too much with a man's pleasure. If my plans succeed I'll cut the whole thing."

"Indeed! I imagine we are mutually interested when you speak of 'business.' You're not ruined I take it. Do you want to borrow money of me?" said the Major with a laugh as he drew his chair a trifle closer to his friend. The lady evinced no interest in the conversation.

"On the contrary, I wish to offer you a chance to make some."

"You are extremely kind, Benson; you could not have chosen a more opportune time for your offer. Will you believe it—I was compelled to part with a diamond pin this morning," replied Madison, touching his polished shirt-front. "But what can I do for you?"

"Since we joined forces, Madison, on the strictly respectable basis, we have gained fame and influence, and but little money. It takes money to maintain our position, and plenty of it. This you know. I have studied the situation and

HAGAR'S DAUGHTER.

127

am convinced that our only surety for
providing for the future lies in a coup
that shall net us millions, on which we
may retire."

"Yes, but how to get it," replied Madison with a mournful shake of the head. "Work is not in our line, unsafe expedients are dangerous and not to be thought of. I do not fancy running my head into a noose. One can't do much but go straight here, and money's a scarce article."

"Be patient. You need have no apprehension that I shall suggest anything dangerous, Madison; though the time was when you were the risky one and I the one to hesitate," with a significant uplifting of the eyebrows.

"True; but time has changed my ideas. I have a hankering for respectability that amounts to a passion."

"Remain as respectable as you wish, my friend; I have a legitimate scheme that will make us masters of ten millions! No risk; nothing necessary but judicious diplomacy."

Miss Madison had evinced no interest until now, but at the words "ten millions" uttered by this man whom she knew to be practical, astute in business and no dreamer, she seemed to awaken from her lethargy. She retained her self-possession, however, and maintained her unruffled calm, remarking carelessly, even sarcastically: "May I ask the nature of the plan, General, and where my usefulness comes in?"

"I was about to explain that point, my dear; but first permit me to ask a question,—has the idea of acquiring a fortune by a wealthy marriage ever occurred to you?"

"Yes, I admit it has. But you know too well my reasons for hesitating in such a course."

Benson moved uneasily in his seat, and for a moment his eyes dropped under the steady gaze that the girl bent upon him—eyes large, dreamy, melting, dazzling the senses, but at this moment baleful.

"See here, Aurelia, have you tried to find an opportunity?"

"Possibly," she answered coldly.

"And you met with no success?"

"Evidently not, as I am single."

"Then your efforts were misdirected."

"Do you think so?" mockingly.

"Most assuredly I do. Your attention was bestowed upon men for whom you had conceived a real liking. That is not the way to bring success in such a venture.

"It is the wrong lead for a woman like me,—an adventuress, to forget her position for one instant and allow her heart to guide her head. What fool wrote 'Poverty is no crime?' I know of none greater. It is responsible for every crime committed under the sun. It is a foul curse!"

"Why, Aurelia, girl, what has come to you this morning? You talk like a man with the blue devils after losing all night at poker," said her father.

Her answer was a shrug of her handsome shoulders as she resumed her listless attitude.

"Listen to me; I will unfold a scheme that shall remove the curse of poverty, and give you for a husband a man who will fill the bill, heart and all."

He rose, approached the mantel, and turning his back upon it, rested both elbows on the marble—a position which brought him face to face with his guests, and asked: "Are you acquainted with Cuthbert Sumner?"

"Know him by sight and reputation. Clerk in your department," replied Madison. Aurelia did not speak, but a flush came into her face, a light to her eyes. One might have felt the thrill that passed over her form.

"What do you think of him?"

"He's all right; a genial fellow, but careful not to go too far; handsome, too, by Jove. No money, though?"

"O yes," nodded Benson. "Only in the department for experience in political

128

life. His father's very wealthy. New England manufacturer."

"Indeed!"

"He's the one I've picked out for our lady here."

"But he's engaged," broke in Aurelia.

"Exactly. And that brings me to the rest of the scheme. Sumner is about to marry Bowen's daughter. By the way, Aurelia, you got the cards for the ball, did you not?" Aurelia bowed in assent.

"Jewel Bowen is the Senator's only child, and his heiress. She will receive ten millions upon her wedding day. What I propose is that Aurelia fascinate the gentleman, thus leaving the field clear for me. I have taken a decided fancy to Miss Bowen and her fortune. If I succeed there is a million for you, Madison, and another for Aurelia. Sumner, too, has pots of money, and we shall all be able to settle down into quiet respectability. What do you think of my plan?"

"By Jove, Benson," blurted out Major Madison, fairly thunder-struck at the magnificence of the vista opened before him, "what a splendid idea! how admirably you have planned things!" Benson nodded and smiled:

"All remains with Aurelia, and certainly with her magnificent beauty to help us, we need fear no failure."

"Spare me your compliments. This is probably your last chance, General. So you think I can win this Mr. Sumner from his betrothed?" she said.

"Precisely."

"That is a droll idea. Do you think—"

"I think, I repeat, that you can easily make the person referred to sufficiently in love with you to do anything you ask."

Suppose he proves obdurate? What

then? You cannot judge all men alike."

"Break the engagement, if you can do nothing more. During a fit of insanity, if it lasts but a week, an hour even, you will have ample time to accomplish my desires."

"And then?"

"I will look after mademoiselle. It will make no difference to you. Your compensation will be my affair. It is only his money that you would want."

"Oh, I see!" There was a world of sarcasm in the three words uttered by a smiling mouth. "My dear General, you are indeed a marvel! No one knows better than you how to make love to a young girl."

"You are the cleverest woman I know, Aurelia. I knew you would comprehend the situation perfectly." After a moment's reflection the girl replied: "Yes, I think I'll try it. It will probably be announced before long that the marriage is broken off. I will earn my million, never fear. I shall, doubtless, find it an agreeable task."

"And a husband, too, my girl," added her father.

"Perhaps."

"Are we to be intimate friends or simply business acquaintances?" asked the Major of General Benson.

"Business friends will be best. Let us have no appearance of collusion."

"When shall we see you again?" asked the Major as they rose to go.

"Just as soon as you have something to tell me. How fortunate that Aurelia has never been introduced to Washington society. She will take the place by storm."

Then the friends separated.

(To be Continued.)

130

# THE PREVAILING STYLES FOR EARLY SUMMER.

MME. RUMFORD, NEW YORK CITY.

The Summer Girl will be glad to know that the shirt-waist reappears with a very slight alteration, yet the change is sufficient to be noted by the "Ladies of Fashion."

MME. RUMFORD, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The variations in the old and new shirt-waist are principally in the sleeve. The sleeve being mostly cut in one piece and fitted to the arm by one seam; it fits rather close from shoulder to elbow, and broadens gradually from elbow to wrist, where the fullness is gathered and finished with a cuff or wrist-band made of tucking, edged with narrow lace or some contrasting material. The regulation sleeve will also be worn again in a slightly modified form. The cuffs will be straight and narrower than those of last season, measuring in width not more than three inches.

The fancier waist appears with a more dressy sleeve, a model that has an upper three-quarter length sleeve, to which is joined the full puff or under sleeve, finished with a narrow cuff that turns back from the hand.

Collars of the same material as the waist are worn. They are the plain standing, surmounted by a turn-over collar of about one inch. The white linen collar that the "Shirt-waist Girl" so hates to part with, will also be worn.

Trimmings will be very lavishly applied again, particularly on the silk waist. Those made of organdy, lawn, swiss and nainsook, will appear with alternate tucking, edged with lace and lace inserting in the front; the back will also be tucked from the neck down, and fitted smoothly in at the belt, which gives a slim, graceful appearance to the wearer.

The tailor shirt-waist will be the most desirable for general wear, the back of which is smooth fitting across the shoulders with a very little fulness at the waist line; the fronts are either gathered or plaited at the neck (the yoke does not appear). The right front is finished with a narrow plait, through which the closing is effected by means of button-holes instead of studs. The fulness at the waist line of front blouses slightly over the belt, which is carried very low to emphasize the much-admired dip that is fully two inches lower in front. This waist is worn mostly over the low bust corset, which gives that effective curve so much admired by the fashionable women. The desirable material for the tailor shirt-waist will be duck, linen pique and cotton cheviots; also, mercerized chambray, oxford and pamama, which are new and very desirous. Ginghams in plain stripes and old-time shot effects

131

will be very popular. Scotch flannel is less expensive than the French and makes a very charming waist for seashore, golf and other out-door sports. Lilac, violet blue, lavender and heliotrope

The up-to-date taffeta skirt will be worn with the dainty white shirt-waist, such as French dotted Swiss and mouseline-de-soie. The taffeta skirt will be more worn than any previous season. It

DESIGNED EXCLUSIVELY FOR THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE, BY MME. RUMFORD.

will be the colors worn in early summer. Turquoise, Delft porcelain, sapphire, old blue, dove, gray, old rose and a variety of pinks follow, with delicious greens in seseda, emerald, apple sea-foam and leaf shades, in mid-summer.

will be more elaborately trimmed with a very wide flare at the bottom, completely hiding the feet. The smartest skirts will have a heavily appliqued Spanish flounce over accordion plaited ruffles, edged with black chenille. The skirt above the

132

flounce will consist of five hem-stitched tucks all around, fitted closely over the hips and finished with an inverted box plait at the back. This skirt will be very expensive, but not more so than beauti-

vest made of a contrasting color to that used for the remainder of the jacket. Etons of wash material will have vests of embroidery.

The favored costume for the June bride will be made of soft transparent material, such as white silk, dotted mull and silk organdy over white corded silk. Bridal roses will be used, being perferred this season to orange blossoms. The princess skirt will be used for weddings and receptions.

Figure A portrays a handsome walking costume of electric green venetian cloth, trimmed with maroon velvet bands and heavy ecru lace over electric green silk and ornamented with gold buttons.

Figure B shows a seven-gored skirt with Spanish flounce, with a narrow ruffle of lace or a band of gimp at the bottom. To be made of wash goods, such as Scotch, silk, ginghams and German linen. A front and back view of a very unique jacket for street wear is shown on Figure C. It can be made with any desirable shade of cloth, with gold buttons, a high standing collar and narrow velvet cuffs. This jacket, made of red kersey and finished with black velvet, is very stylish. White lawn and Swiss are used to develop the shirt-waist on Figure D. It can be made with or without the fitted body lining. This waist is tucked back and front; pearl buttons add the decoration.

Figures E and F—Ladies' five gored flare skirts, finished with an inverted box plait at the back. Skirt on Figure F is decorated with three straps of velvet at the left side. These skirts will be used for street wear with shirt-waists of different material.

## "MILLINERY."

The milliner windows were never so much admired as they are this season. The models are the most skilful ever before produced.

ful. The tailor skirt will also be tucked; in fact, throughout the season tucking will be fashionable for both skirt and waist.

The latest eton has an attractive little

134

The flat hat being the leading fad, the toque turban and bonnet have been superseded. At present it is unquestionably a rival to all other styles of head dress. One of the most attractive hats are made of several layers of different colored tulles, which gives a glacé effect, both novel and attractive. The black tulle, dotted with gold and silver, and dotted white malines are much admired for this style of hat. Exquisite foliage, leaves of gold and silver, transparent tissue, are used for trimmings also, mingled with white or black crepe lisse roses, peonies, or poppies with gilt stamens.

A very charming way of using these flowers is to cover the outer brim of the hat completely, from the lower portion of the crown out to the extreme edge of the brim. The flat hat, turned back from the front with a crown of foliage, leaves of gold and silver; the brim of pink tulle edged with black velvet, with a wreath of pink roses on the underneath part of brim, running from centre front to centre of left side, where the brim turns down gradually to the back, the lower edge of brim fits closely to the hair; this is very becoming and smart for the pompadour girl. The aigrette is trying to make its appearance again, but it is very evident that the flowers are preferable.

The black and white hat is always admired. They will be worn this season as they have been in the foregoing seasons. One of the most beautiful creations will consist of four layers of white tulle, edged with narrow bands of black velvet ribbon. The crown will have white lace over black tulle with two large plumes of black and white reaching from the front edge of brim to the back on either side, turned slightly from the left side with a large rosette of white tulle sur-

mounted with black lace. The stems of the plumes will be concealed under a large jeweled buckle.

The black toque will be almost completely covered with white roses and black ribbon bows, or rosettes covered with white lace. Ribbons will be used very extensively for trimmings, wide ribbon being the most desirous. The gossamer and liberty satins being the most favored, there is also a new gossamer known as "gaze satin." This is as light as gauze, with a satin finish and is very easily draped. In many of the hats of light blue, pink and butter color, bows of black velvet ribbon will be seen passed through gilt buckles, which make a very attractive hat.

Hat No. I., on our illustrated page, is a charming creation of three layers of butter-colored tulle, over a wire frame, with a large rosette of narrow black velvet ribbon between the second and third layer on the right side; a flat crown of black lace straw with a large white rose in front.

Hat No. II. is of black straw with a very fluffy band of tucked blue mull, with dip both back and front, and finished with a large buckle on the right side. This is very jaunty and is used for outing purposes.

No. III. is a model of white straw, faced with four bands of royal purple velvet, with a wreath of white crush roses extending from centre front to back on the left side, with a large bow of purple velvet ribbon on the right. The shape is a slight improvement on the walking hat.

Hat No. IV. is black chip straw of Neapolitan style trimmed with black ostrich feathers which fall over the brim to the front, with a large bunch of violets on the left side, which make a very dressy hat.

136

MR. FREDERICK BONNER, who this
year graduates from Yale College, re-
ceived his elementary training in the
Winchester public grammar school and
graduated among the brightest of his
class, as class speaker, in '92. He en-

quality was soon observed in Mr. Bon-
ner even while in the High School, and
his fellow students showed him their ap-
preciation by conferring the honor of
Class Orator upon him, which he most
successfully carried out, winning the

FREDERICK BONNER. A GRADUATE OF YALE COLLEGE, CLASS OF '01.

tered the Hillhouse High School in the
following autumn, and while there
steadily advanced in his studies and had
the further honor of being elected a
member of the Glee Club, as first tenor.

Mr. Bonner is a most fluent speaker
and possesses a quality of oratory that
makes his addresses very popular. This

good wishes and congratulations of all
who heard him. Mr. Bonner graduated
in June, 1896.

He entered Yale College with the class
of 1901. During his course he dis-
tinguished himself by taking second
prize in elocution in his sophomore
year.

HERE AND THERE.

137

Mr. Bonner is energetic and efficient and is highly recommended by the Faculty of the College as a bright young man with a very prosperous future before him.

There are seven in the present Freshman class. Mr. Hawkins comes from Baltimore, Md., where he prepared for college. Having spent three years in the college preparatory, and one year in the college department of Morgan College,

M. A. HAWKINS. A GRADUATE OF HARVARD COLLEGE, CLASS OF '01.

MR. M. A. HAWKINS, who this year graduates from Harvard College, holds a unique position, in that he is the only man of color in the graduation class of three hundred and eighty-eight members. This condition is not likely to be repeated after next year, since two or more Negroes are entering in every Freshman class.

he entered Harvard in the fall of 1897 with the class of 1901. He graduates with the degree of A.B.

It gives us pleasure to present this month a most striking likeness of Bob Cole, the senior member of the firm of Cole & Johnson. More people will remember Mr. Cole as the funny tramp,

140

who says so many strikingly funny things and performs so many grotesque and nimble dance steps in that funny play, "A Trip to Coontown."

Mr. Cole is a Southerner by birth. Born and raised in Georgia and a student of the Atlanta University, Mr. Cole's

will be "The Negro and the Stage." This will appear in the July number of this magazine. Mr. Cole's standing in the front ranks of our public men will add great interest to his articles.

Miss Edna Alexander, whose portrait

BOB COLE.

happiest moments are when speaking of his many friends and endearing remembriscenses of Southland, recalling scenes and rehearsing incidents of his childhood and college life.

THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE has secured a series of articles from Mr. Cole's pen, the first of which to appear

appears in this issue, is a most interesting personage. Young in years, possessed with the most impressive style of Oriental beauty of face, with a figure like unto a Milo Venus, a wreath of raven tresses of the Indian maiden type and with a voice which rings with marvelous sweetness. All the above blessings, which

HERE AND THERE.

141

it has been Miss Alexander's good fortune to inherit, she bears with such unassuming and unaffected good grace, that one is wonderfully impressed at her simplicity.

When the representative of THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE called on

"Just a few facts about your birth, parents, school-life, stage-life, and future intentions. I am sure they would prove doubly interesting, Miss Alexander, to your admiring public," assured the interviewer.

"I have always been under the im-

MISS EDNA ALEXANDER.

her at the residence of the Misses Hodges, where she resided during her engagement here with "A Trip to Coontown" at the Grand Theatre in Boston, he found that she exhibited the same degree of modesty that her "paler sisters" do when they are asked to tell something of themselves.

pression that the public would much rather hear me sing than talk," she answered, "but as you insist, I might as well begin at once and rid myself of the ordeal. I was born in Woodstock, Canada; soon after which my parents moved to Toledo, O., thence to Chicago, where I spent most of my school-life. It was

HERE AND THERE.

145

as a member of Quin Chapel choir that I
first discovered I could sing a little.

"My mother soon placed me under competent teachers. I was delighted at having a chance to study music. I studied hard, and was soon rewarded for my pains by being promoted to leading soprano in Quin Chapel choir. I held that position for sometime, and was thus engaged when Messrs. Cole and Johnson made my mother an offer for me to travel with their company. At first she objected, but after numerous consultations and assurances she consented. Then I made that herculean leap from the choir loft to the stage. Stage life to me at first was a blank disappointment. I expected it to be like the Frenchman would say, "One grand, sweet song," but instead of its being "one grand, sweet song," it is one never ceasing task of trying to please, filled with anxiety and expectation; work and sacrifice continually spurred on by checkered ambition, striving always to satisfy a fretful public.

"Still after you succeed in satisfying them they doubly repay you. Along with all the dissatisfactions with the hardships of stage life, there comes a certain satisfaction in being able to please the public.

"I shall go straight to my home in Chicago when the season closes. My summer I shall spend in study and designing for my mother's large millinery establishment."

At this point of the interview the correspondent sighting a strangely tinted envelope bearing a foreign post-mark, grew more inquisitive. Noting the Cuban stamp and addressed to the dusky Cantatrice, and calling to mind the latest rumor of marriage of a Cuban nobleman and a prima donna, he timidly interrogated:

"Is there any truth in the statement of your marriage to a foreigner, and retiring from the stage, Miss Alexander?"

"Well! What is it that the public don't know?" she answered blushingly. "In this instance they know or seem to want to know more than I know myself. 'Tis true I met Señor Fernandez during my stay in Jacksonville last winter and we grew to be quite friendly, and we correspond regularly now," she said reluctantly, "but Señor Fernandez is in Cuba looking after his sugar plantation and I am in the United States singing, and just what we intend to do I will have to let the public find out for themselves."

MISS DAISY B. HARRIS, a teacher in charge of a primary grade in the Central School of Louisville, Ky., is a graduate of the High School in the Class of '97.

MISS HARRIS, who is one of the social leaders in her home city, is noted as a critic of literary productions and is a brilliant conversationalist.

Among the many successful men of the race who are crowding to the front at the present time, we take pleasure in noting the progress of Mr. J. W. Peterson of Buffalo, N. Y.

Mr. Peterson was born in Southampton County, Va., but left there in 1868 and went to Albion, N. Y., where he studied engineering and worked at that business for fourteen years. He went to Buffalo, N. Y., in 1899 and organized a business company to help forward the race. This company was duly incorporated on December 10th, 1900. Mr. Peterson wishes every man and woman of the race, who desire to better the condition of our people, to join in this company he has formed. The company will ultimately be able to place all its members on a good substantial business basis.

MRS. J. W. PETERSON of Buffalo, N. Y., was born at Albion, N. Y., and after taking the ordinary school course, entered the employ of her mother, Mrs. C.

146

Beecher, who conducted a hair establishment. After learning this business in all its departments, she became a partner with her mother, until 1892, when, after her mother's death, she retired from the business. Mrs. Peterson came to Buffalo, N. Y., in 1893.

WILLIAM H. TYERS is a native of Petersburg, Virginia, and came to New York City with his parents when but a boy. As a child he displayed great fondness for music, and possessed more than ordinary natural ability in this line. After applying himself assiduously to the study of composition and arrangement, he decided to enter the race as an author. His first composition was the "Bugle Call," which at once met with popular favor with the great orchestra leaders of the metropolis. Having accepted the position of director of a theatrical company, he visited nearly all the larger cities of Europe. It was during his visit to Germany that the great teacher and composer, Gaspari of Hamburg, became interested in him and gave him much encouragement and instruction.

Soon after his return to America Mr. Tyers was employed by the publishing house of F. A. Mills as pianist, arranger and proofreader of all the music published and handled through the house. From the start Mr. Tyers was popular with the musicians of the metropolis as an arranger and composer. After having served Mr. Mills for over two years he accepted a similar position with the publishing house of Joseph W. Stern & Co. of New York City. Mr. Tyers is one of the few colored members in the Musical Mutual Protective Union of New York City, having passed the regular form of examination at the age of twenty-one.

E. A. LONG was born at Tuskegee, Ala., October 8, 1871—the town made famous by the noted Booker T. Washington

and his school. His parents were ex-slaves, neither of whom could read or write. Mr. Long attended a few sessions of the Model Training School in connection with the Tuskegee Institute.

From Tuskegee he went to Birmingham, Ala., with his parents, in 1887. After working at various places he was employed in the office of a colored newspaper at Birmingham. This position brought him in contact with many educated colored people and did much to stimulate in him a desire for better training. In 1891 he entered the Tuskegee Institute and worked at the printer's trade, by means of which he paid his way through school, graduating in '95, from both the Normal and Printing Departments.

From Tuskegee he returned to his adopted home in Birmingham, where, for a time, he was engaged in the publication of a newspaper, and for a further time as assistant bookkeeper in the Alabama Penny Savings Bank at that place. From Birmingham he went to accept the position he now holds in the Christiansburg Industrial Institute.

Mr. Long has strong poetic tendencies which he inherited from his father, who, though unlettered, had the rare gift of narrating incidents and experiences of his life in a most wonderful manner.

CARLYLE is credited with saying that genius is nothing more nor less than a capacity for work.

Mankind was intended to work, and without the ability to work man could not exist.

In a broad sense mankind has a capacity for work, but that would not make all men geniuses. So in the sense that Carlyle meant, the capacity is that which produces great things, carries out great enterprises, makes startling inventions and produces great works of art.

In contradistinction to genius we have talent, which from my idea of its

HERE AND THERE.

147

meaning cannot be confused with genius.

The one—talent—is the heaven-born gift, ours from birth—or before. The other—genius—is ours by acquirement, by diligence, by intense and earnest application, and we only come into full possession of our prize when we have earned it.

Talent and genius are too often used as synomous terms, but they are not so. They can both, however, be embodied in one person, and when they are the result or combination produces what all the world looks up to with admiration—a true genius.

HARRY LAWRENCE FREEMAN, an Afro-American, is still a young man, having been born in Cleveland, Ohio, October 9th, 1869; and yet from a casual inspection of the list of really huge works which he has composed within the last few years, one would say without any previous knowledge of the composer, that it was the work of a life time for any man. But Mr. Freeman's work has only just begun. He is on the threshold of his career and has unconquered worlds before him.

We do not know anything about Mr. Freeman's antecedents, and whether or not his divine gift is his by heritage or whether in him is the beginning of a line of talented musicians. But it really has no bearing on the subject, for that he is so rarely gifted there is no room for doubt.

Mr. Freeman has spent nearly all of his life in Cleveland. Five years were spent in Denver, Colorado, where he studied music in a desultory sort of fashion; with little idea of making it a fashion, with little idea of making it a profession. On his return to Cleveland, however, he began to compose his large works. He then determined to equip himself for his work by further serious study, and placed himself in the hands of Johann H. Beck, a man who ranks among the foremost in the country for harmony, composition and instrumentation.

Since Mr. Freeman's study with Mr. Beck, he has not produced so many large works, but has confided his labors chiefly to smaller forms—cantatas, songs, etc., and with admirable success.

Mr. Freeman has been steadily securing a hold on the public ear and during the last year has had several notable musical gatherings. Once at the Ohio Music Teachers' Association, when on the evening of December 27th, 1900, Mr. Edwin H. Douglass, a tenor of national reputation, sang two of his songs, "If thou did'st love" and "The Shepherd," and again at the March, 1901, concert of the Cleveland Symphony Orchestra, where his "Intermezzo" and "Prayer" from "Nada," a music drama in one act, were played.

On both occasions the selections were heartily received and congratulations poured in on the young composer from all sides. Mr. Freeman's music is national in the highest degree. In listening to his weird harmonies and melodies, one is transported to a musical realm that is as strange and beautiful as it is unknown. It is certainly original territory in composition and we predict for him—providing, he keeps the steady, even balance he has so far maintained—a future in American musical affairs second to none of the contemporary composers. To us the most promising and satisfactory phase of Mr. Freeman's work is the fact that the admirable superstructure which he is so steadily rear-ing, is firmly grounded on a solid musical basis.

CHARLES L. BURNHAM,
Cleveland, Ohio.

J. D. WILLIAMS, the Afro-American inventor of the non-magnetic watchholder, was born on a farm near the State line of Louisiana and Texas, February 28, 1870. At the age of seven his parents moved to Shreveport, La., which is situated on the beautiful banks of the

148

Red River. Mr. Williams entered the public school in '78, remaining until the age of fourteen and, like many youths, became tired of school life, and desiring to see more of the world, left home for Dallas, Tex., where he secured a position with the Dallas Morning News as press boy. On account of his faithfulness and ambition, he was promoted until he completed the trade and became a competent pressman. In '87 resigned his position and left for Chicago, since which time he has travelled extensively in the United States, Canada and Mexico. He left Chicago in '96. In '99, at Detroit, he secured a position with the Detroit United Railway Co. After being in their employ for a short time he observed the awkward manner of all the motormen in carrying their watches; all inventions for this purpose had proved a failure, and many complaints were made by the motormen, as the continued jar of the car was very detrimental to the works of the watch. Mr. Williams finally completed the invention above mentioned, which is simple, useful, answers the required purposes, and critics have nothing to say. This case can also be used to advantage on locomotives and automobiles.

REV. W. G. AVANT, Rector of St. Cyprian Episcopal Church, New Berne, N. C., is one of the most influential citizens, regardless of race. His church is now a most progressive institution. It is in the centre of the city, on an elevated position and owns its property, consisting of a triangular block, upon which stands a church over one hundred years old, once owned by the whites. It is generally admitted by both white and colored that the Rector is not surpassed (in the city) as a preacher and as a scholar. He has been in New Berne two years and was the principal promoter and first president of the Elm City Drug Co., which is doing a most successful business.

He is a carpenter by trade, and has planned and constructed a Rectory upon the Church block with all modern improvements. Rev. Avant married one of New Berne's fair daughters, and with a bright baby boy of seven months, his home life is ideal. Rev. Avant is a great lover of Race enterprises, and has succeeded in getting a most liberal offer from a white friend to aid the Race, by setting aside a tract of land as an enterprise in cotton.

His proposition is to have homes laid off, and occupied by cotton raisers, who can pay for them in a course of years, and to have erected on the same tract, which is near to the railroad and waterfront, a cotton gin, an oil mill and a cotton factory. He is trying to effect this and hopes to be successful, as he has with him the best people of both races.

## THE WOMAN'S CENTRAL LEAGUE TRAINING SCHOOL.

Today, in all sections of free America, weighty, economic and sociological problems are pressing for solution. Many of the most serious grow out of the poorly-adjusted relations existing between labor and capital, between employer and employed.

The "household service question is one phase of it" that is demanding immediate attention in most of our large cities, and is arousing the ladies to a sense of their new responsibilities in connection with it.

The scientific investigation of the subject of household economics and sanitation proves the necessity for an intelligent co-operation between the housekeeper and her servants, if any reform is to be made in this department of woman's kingdom; it also proves that cooking and housework must be raised from the rank of contemptible drudgery, degrading to the persons who do it, to a science and profession, the practice of which will be creditable and respectable

CHICAGO NOTES.

149

in proportion to the skill and fidelity of
the individual worker.

In the South the "household service" question is merged in the race problem, which is of necessity, a distinctly southern responsibility, one that only a Christian South and time can work out to the credit of both races. A practical benefit in the brotherhood of man, and in the obligation of the stranger to help bear the burden of the weaker, will eventually work good out of evil. God, the Father of all races, whose Providence is so distinctly seen in the world's history, has permitted the two races to grow up side by side in the South, that the white man may shave his religion and civilization with the colored, and that the colored man may have the best opportunities for development. "God is no respecter of persons" or races. All have the opportunity to develop, and all have the opportunity to assist others in their development. And opportunity means obligation.

In harmony with these fundamental facts of human life, Dr. R. Emmett Jones of Richmond, Va., has been maturing plans and soliciting funds for some time past, preparatory to the opening of an industrial training school for colored women. Many of the best citizens of Richmond have endorsed his plans and contributed generously to their success.

The Woman's Central League Training School and Hospital was organized

October 5th, 1898, by Dr. R. E. Jones.

The objects of the League are to give industrial, financial and educational training to its members; the operating of a hospital and training school for nurses of the sick; the training of domestic help; the operating of a Woman's Exchange in all its various branches, and the encouragement, development and operating of any and all kinds of occupation, trades and labor peculiar to women. There are classes in cooking, dress-making, trained nursing, care and feeding of children, and housework.

The medical staff consists of Dr. R. Emmett Jones, surgeon-in-chief; Dr. Frazier, house surgeon; Dr. E. R. Jeffer-son, Dr. C. P. White, Dr. S. G. Jones, Dr. A. W. G. Farrar, Dr. P. B. Ramsey, Dr. J. Meade Benson, Dr. D. A. Fergu-son.

On the consulting staff are: Drs. George Ben Johnson, Christopher Thompkins, George Ross, D. A. Kuyk, Jacob Micheaux and J. C. Draton.

On November 24th, 1899, the large three-story building, No. 412 and 414 North Third street, Richmond, Va., was purchased at a cost of six thousand dollars. Two thousand of this amount has been paid and the building thoroughly overhauled at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars, making the total cost seven thousand five hundred dollars. The League is a charitable institution and dependent upon the public for support.

## CHICAGO NOTES.

### ALBRETA MOORE SMITH.

Five years ago, while experimenting with chemicals in one of the large laboratories of the city, a young colored man discovered the fact that, several chemicals combined proportionately, would produce an excellent shoe polish. The

idea thus vaguely conceived, did not take material form until many weary days and nights had been spent in earnest study.

When Mr. A. C. Howard, formerly of Boston, imparted his secret findings to several friends, they ambiguously shook

their heads in a manner customary of
doubting Thomas, and said: "It is a use-
less expenditure of time and money for
there are now too many competitors in
the field for you to succeed." But with
an innate feeling of confidence in his own
ability, he renewed his researches more
diligently, with the hope of producing a
staple article that would quickly win
public favor.

During the four years which followed,
the many obstacles which always arise
to discourage the ambitious were met and
surmounted.

At the Paris exposition Mr. Howard
displayed thirty different styles of pack-
ages of shoe polish, making his display
the largest Negro exhibit shipped from
the United States. A similar exhibit,
only larger and grander, will be in evi-
dence at the Pan-American.

Mr. Howard's Chicago plant runs day
and night, and yet the supply does not
meet the demand. The labeling, pack-
ing, shipping, delivering, corking, book-
keeping and typewriting is all done by a
large number of Negro men, women,
boys and girls. This force of employes
would rapidly increase if all Negroes who
purchase shoe polish will demand How-
ard's, and accept no other. It is on sale
at all leading shoe dealers, druggists and
department stores. Thus, in purchasing
an article which compares propitiously,
in point of excellency and general suitab-
ility, with any polish now on sale, you
will also assist in maintaining an inde-
pendent Negro enterprise.

Mr. Howard is a thorough race man,—
one who has abiding faith in the ultimate
salvation of the race in all walks of life.
He is a strong advocate of the old
proverb: "God helps those who help
themselves." He also believes, if more
of our men and women would venture
far out into the commercial seas, suc-
cess would eventually crown their every
effort. We should fall in line at the head
of the rank and not at the end. When

we shall have assimilated such advice
thoroughly, together with our own
natural qualifications, prejudice to a
large extent will be obliterated.

Mr. Howard endeavors to impress
upon the minds of all with whom he
comes in contact the fact that he is sell-
ing his goods upon their merits and not
upon his "color."

All strangers coming to the city should
not leave without visiting his store; there,
you will receive a warm welcome and
become greatly interested in the work-
ings of his establishment.

As with the majority of men who are
successful in business, Mr. Howard owes
much of his present prosperity to his
wife, who has ever been a source of
great encouragement and inspiration.

We take great pride in presenting to
the many readers of THE COLORED AMER-
ICAN MAGAZINE a brief sketch of Mrs.
Geo. W. Alexander, one of Chicago's
oldest and best established milliners.

At the age of nineteen, Mrs. Alexan-
der entered the employ of one of the
largest wholesale millinery stores of
Toledo. Millinery then, was almost an
unknown art to Negro women, and her
employers took especial pride in teach-
ing her the many intricacies of the trade.

At the expiration of her apprentice-
ship she came to Chicago, where she se-
cured employment in one of our largest
Jewish millinery stores. At that time
she was the only Negro milliner in the
city.

After four years' hard work in this es-
tablishment, she succeeded in accumu-
lating enough capital to open a store
of her own. This was eleven years ago.
She has been in business ever since,—
with the exception of two years, when
she was forced to retire, owing to ill-
health.

Her present place of business is a
large, commodious store furnished beau-
tifully—with tasty chapeaus and other

CHICAGO NOTES.

151

feminine furbelows in evidence every where. She employs four girls and at this season of the year works day and night.

Since her entrance into the business world she has employed a hundred or more apprentices, but only a few of this number ever completed the trade. She finds white girls to be more persevering than Negro girls and hopes to see the day when we can point with pride to the stores of many Negro women who have successfully completed the trade and are able to cope with any class of milliners, in point of artistic taste and competency. She urges girls of artistic taste only to attempt the study of this branch of work, which, like all others, is full of many disappointments and vexations before even moderate success is attained.

Of the various trades which in the past has not appealed kindly to many Negro men and boys, plumbing stands pre-eminent. We cannot give any good reason for this deprecatory fact, other than the Labor Unions are largely responsible for this condition of affairs. A great evolution, however, has been recently wrought in these circles and Negro men can now secure employment in this branch of work if they will but qualify themselves.

Chicago has one Negro plumber who is a recognized master of his trade, Mr. Geo. Palmer. Although a very young man, his life has been full of eventful incidents which are largely responsible for his present success.

At the tender age of fourteen, he left his Canadian home, fully determined to make a way for himself in the business world. Arriving in Detroit, Mich., alone and unacquainted, he anxiously sought work at whatsoever his hands could find to do. After much wandering about he finally secured employment in a blacksmith shop. After gaining a good knowledge of this trade he entered the service

of P. Tute, owner of one of the largest plumbing establishments in Detroit.

After nine years' apprenticeship he left the firm, having won the distinction of being the only apprentice who served his entire term.

Without much capital, he successfully carried on a business of his own for two years. At this period a longing to see the world took possession of him and he sought employment with the Pullman Palace Car Co., which afforded him the opportunity sought.

Like most persons who have a fixed purpose in life, he could find no rest of mind in traveling about, so he located in Chicago. Prejudice was strong against all Negro tradesmen at that time and his struggles were hard and long, but he remained immutable in his purpose.

Having reached the place where he felt warranted in establishing a business for himself, he applied for a license which was refused, owing to one of the laws, which says: "Plumbers seeking a license must be vouched for by three master plumbers who have a license and for whom said applicant has worked."

Never daunted, he began business in a neat, little shop without a license. Despite the many petty annoyances which the Union constantly made for him, in two years' time he made an enviable record in plumbing circles. Being a non-union man, when strikes were on he had more work than he could properly attend to.

The Plumber's Union finally saw in this young journeyman a dangerous foe. They sought him out and graciously extended him an invitation to join their fold. He wisely did so and today is deemed a general favorite. Color is now a dream of the past. In the distribution of patronage he is never discriminated against. Out of several hundred members he is the only Negro man. He is now a master plumber, having several apprentices in his employ.

152

The city demands a bond of three thousand dollars from all employing plumbers. This holds employers responsible for any damages done persons or property by his employees while on duty. Mr. Palmer has been in Chicago eight years. Three-fourths of his patrons are white.

As a member of the Master Plumbers' Association he receives a great deal of work, but he is hindered in his best efforts by a lack of funds, which is the only chasm between many competent Negroes and success.

Prominent among the many notable displays which delighted the eyes of the Paris exposition spectators, was a white, silk, crocheted spread, sham and bolster, the work of Miss Gertrude M. Moore of Chicago. Many weary months' toil were given to these articles of beauty before they were completed.

These three pieces of exquisite workmanship appeared in the windows of several of Chicago's largest department stores two years ago. Many eager purchasers were found, but none were willing to pay the price demanded, which was proportionately small for articles of such intrinsic value.

The set won second prize at the Paris exposition, and the valuation put upon it by the judges was of such a nature, that Miss Moore feels more than justified in retaining her valuable collection until a favorable offer is received.

The set appeared at the Atlanta exposition, where it won meritorious mention; it will also be seen at the Pan-American.

Miss Moore is an experienced dressmaker and contemplates finishing her trade abroad, if she can successfully push to completion her present plans. She is a member of the Eastern Star, one of the officers of the Ladies' Kadosh, No. 32, and a native Chicagoan.

No business man in Chicago finds more favor with the ladies than Mr. E. P. Marshall, one of Chicago's wholesale ice-cream and confectionery manufacturers.

Five years ago, without any ostentatious display he opened a small ice-cream parlor. A visit to his present place of business today, readily convinces one that success partially, if not wholly, has attended his footsteps.

In the main office there is a neat desk, behind which sits Mrs. Marshall, the power behind the throne, busily receiving and entering orders. In the rear, a large ice-cream plant is stationed, from which during the busy season over six hundred gallons of cream are turned out per month, to the delectation of his many feminine patrons.

We believe we are safe in saying that no Negro business man or woman has ever overcome more obstacles and opposition than Mr. Marshall. When one takes into consideration the fact that he started in business an inexperienced young man, whose largest stock in trade was unbounded faith in his attempts, his present success is commendatory and worthy of emulation.

Today he enjoys a prosperous and paying business, which is the result of many sacrifices made by himself and wife.

Of the multifarious works of mankind, which appeal strongly to the better nature of the masses, none has a more benign influence than charity. Charity is emblamatic of God's own nature, Love, Hope and Charity; it inspires a feeling of deep respect and reverence in the hearts of saint and sinner alike.

The successful charity worker must be a patient, conscientious and hopeful Christian, who has the interest and love of all conditions of humanity at heart. Must be a firm believer in immolation and ever willing to do whatsoever is demanded of him without one thought of self or recompense. This formula, we all

CHICAGO NOTES.

153

know, should be strictly adhered to, but whether it is possible to do so in these strenuous days, each philanthropist can best answer for himself.

In our present sphere of civilization the word is greatly misused and abused. It is well said: "Charity covers a multitude of sins." Too often is it dragged from its lofty heights down to the most abhorrent pits, to meet the requirements of some of the most nefarious commercial, political and social schemes.

A sup of water given to the fainting traveler, a piece of bread to the starving wayfarer, and a few pennies to the blind, halt and mained, is all done for sweet charity's sake. Charity commands the attention of men when other powers fail.

Many charitable organizations and institutions have been founded, but like mushrooms which spring up in the night, have disappeared as suddenly as they came. They could not have been truly in earnest or they would not have failed. God permits none of His best works to be hindered on their way. It is simply "the survival of the fittest."

One of the noblest and truest organizations, whose work is true charity, is the United Order of King's Daughters; its membership includes thousands and extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the arid jungles of Africa to the snowy summits of Iceland. In every city, town and village where civilization is in evidence, a circle of King's Daughters can be found.

Of the hundred or more Circles located in Chicago, one of the youngest and most active is the Progressive Circle of King's Daughter's of Bethel Church.

Organized a little over three years ago, it has done much to ingratiate itself into the hearts and favor of Chicago citizens. It has ever tried to maintain the principles of the order upon which their faith is founded, namely, to work In His Name.

Since its organization, the sufferings

of hundreds of people have been alleviated. Many tons of coal, barrels of provisions, boxes of clothing, medicine, trained nurses, doctors, transporation, etc., have been furnished all needy applicants. In connection with this, large sums of money have been raised, a portion of which went to their church and the remainder to one of the leading Negro colleges of the country.

A room, which is a "thing of beauty and a joy forever," has been furnished in Provident Hospital at the cost of about a hundred dollars.

This Circle of women is now endeavoring to open and maintain a lunchroom for the benefit of the children who attend the school located in their district.

The Circle's home is situated in the heart of the Negro population; therefore, its work has been purely practical and especially helpful to the citizens residing in their locality.

The condition which surrounds them is in some instances deplorable, for many children of the community are greatly in need of a strong, moral influence to save them from themselves.

The parents of nearly fifty per cent of these children labor assiduously all day, and are compelled to leave their children, many of whom are of a tender age, alone, without parental control.

There is no doubt that these dear parents love their children and earnestly pray for their welfare, but it is apparent to the thinking mind that any child who is compelled to remain at home all day without parental restraint, is subjected to many temptations; Satan's emissaries are ever on the alert for prey.

It is this condition the Progressive Circle hopes to ameliorate. They are endeavoring to enlist all the forces possible to assist them in their efforts and earnestly solicit the co-operation of all who are interested in the progress of the race.

The membership of this organization

154

numbers fifty — subdivided into five bands, presided over by a leader. The president, or leader of the entire flock, is Mrs. Anna Wells Fitts, a young woman of many accomplishments, who is efficiently equipped to fill so high and exalted a position by virtue of her moral, intellectual and religious qualifications. She is also an active business woman, being daily employed in the management

of her husband's printing office.

This Circle of King's Daughters, like all worthy movements, does not always behold the silver lining in the clouds, yet they do not feel discouraged.

> "If a smile they can renew
> As their journey they pursue!
> Oh! the good they all can do
> While the days are going by."

## A FEAST WITH THE FILIPINOS.

LIEUT. H. F. WHEATON, 49TH INFANTRY.

In going from place to place in this strange land and seeing many things both novel and interesting, one hardly knows of what to write. Having just returned from a grand feast held in a town called Sanchez Mira, about twenty miles from Abulug, where I am stationed, and having enjoyed myself so well while there, I may be able to recall a few of the many interesting ceremonies. I left Abulug in a small boat to make one of my regular monthly trips, as Acting Quartermaster, through the Sub-district in which the 2nd Battalion of the 49th Infantry is stationed, and on arriving at Sanchez Mira found that I was just in time for one of the many feasts that are given there during each year.

I was also fortunate in finding Captain E. L. Baker, Company L, 49th Infantry, and Captain William C. Warmsley, Assistant Surgeon of our regiment, already there from Claveria and having their comfort cared for by Lieutenant A. M. Ray, who commanded the station.

So much has been said of the poor Filipino, and largely by people that have never been in the Philippines, that I will not venture, as an authority, on his faults and virtues, or what is best for him, but

will tell a little of their real life as I have seen it.

Upon entering the town a most pleasing spectacle met the eye. Flags and many decorations, together with the bright-hued costumes of the senoritas, contrasting strangely with the dark and plain clothes of the men, produced an almost dazzling effect as they thronged the large plaza in the centre of the town, some going into the large church, others gathering about the stand in front of the Tribunal building waiting for the sports to begin, while over all could be heard soft, sweet music, which was being played in different parts of the town.

This gay scene was directly opposite to the condition of affairs last March (1900), when Captain D. J. Gilmer, who was then 1st Lieutenant of Company H, 49th Infantry, with a handful of men, took possession of the town, and after continued hikes and brushes with rebellious bands, brought about this condition of peace. The sports were those with which we are all more or less familiar. The first was a number of young men that lined up on horseback and charged at a string of finger rings suspended by little ribbons. The youth who

A FEAST WITH THE FILIPINOS.

155

was successful in spearing and carrying away one of these rings was rewarded with a prize given by one of the girls in the judge's stand.

Then came a game somewhat similar, but rather contrary to our humane ideas, even though humanity is strangely construed by some people.

Live chickens were hung up in a row on a rope, head downward, and the riders would come galloping rapidly toward them, but just as they would pass under the line, at the same time making a grab at the chickens' heads, the rope would be given a vigorous jerk, which would make the feat of snatching off a chicken's head very difficult.

But repeated attempts proved successful and in a short time the headless bodies of the unfortunate fowls gave proof of the dexterity of the enthusiastic contestants for glory and the approving smiles of the dark-eyed senoritas who applauded vigorously, as each one in turn rode up to the stand with a chicken's head to claim his reward.

While this sport was hardly calculated to elevate or improve one's mind, it was soon forgotten in the ludicrous ones that followed. Greased pole climbing and the ingenious methods employed by ambitious youths to reach the coveted prize at the top, were very novel and amusing and also displayed the abundant and natural athletic development of these sons of Nature.

Next, a shallow, basin-shaped, cooking utensil with a piece of silver money pasted on its sooty bottom was hung by a string, and the manner of getting this coin, and the appearance of the fellow's

face after vigorous attempts were made to get it, elicited shouts of laughter. The aspirant was compelled to obtain the piece of money solely by getting it off with his teeth while his hands were crossed behind him.

All day long the native bands from the neighboring towns furnished music, and dancing for those whose taste was for that style of amusement. The natives are very graceful dancers and there are very few comparatively, who cannot dance.

In the afternoon came the inevitable cock fights, the diversion that is most dear to the Filipino. The feasting was continuous and the order of the day was open-house to everyone. Their knowledge of the duties of host and hostess in dispensing hospitality is above reproach, and to the officers visiting them every possible attention was shown. In the evening the officers attended a large ball which was really the climax of the festivities, but judge my surprise, when after an introductory strain from the band a formation was made for nothing more nor less than a good old Virginia reel. There was no resisting and I took part in it with great enjoyment and they danced it splendidly, ending with several fancy figures that were quite unique.

Such is the life in general when there is no disturbing element to interfere,— Work, church, cock fighting and feasting. Their feast days are very numerous, but as all of this levity came to a close and we all started homeward I took with me very pleasant thoughts of a pleasant day among the Filipinos.

156

# A RETROSPECT.

ADA B. JACKSON.

We know what we have experienced in the past, what we are now experiencing, but what we are to experience as a race in the future we know not.

It is not the motive of the writer to cast black shadows, full of gloom and sadness, before our readers; but being peculiarly situated as we are, it is well to review the past attentively, draw conclusions slowly, and form plans wisely for the future.

We cannot go back and take leap after leap, and thus efface the ignorance, superstition and effects of centuries of slavery in something less than forty years.

We have now reached the point in our progress where each step must be surely taken. Vices, immoralities and ignorance must be dealt with in a logical manner.

The Negro is quick to acquire knowledge. He can learn anything that other men can. Yet there are grave reasons why the most thoughtful men of the race should be deeply concerned.

It is well to look upon the efforts and accomplishments of our leaders with pride. We feel that the Negro has proven, in many instances, that he is capable of having bestowed upon him as much of the culture as is given to the more fortunate of the Anglo-Saxon Race.

But when we realize that we number something over ten millions, and we count up our best, does the percentage make a good showing? Much has been said about the Negro. He is now a topic of constant discussion in our land, and this fact that he is discussed more than any other people in the United States, should awaken us and cause us to be on the alert.

In reading the pages of ancient and modern history, we find that men have either done their best or have been ex-

terminated, when driven into a corner. The Negro is, as it were, cornered. We find that certain of the southern states are legislating in such a way, that the result will be most unfavorable to the Negro, both as to school and suffrage privileges.

This is unfortunate for both races. No race of people can reach the highest plane of civilization who deals unfairly with a weaker race.

Read the history of the Egyptians and ancient Romans and you will find that the oppressors sank to the level, or lower than the oppressed.

The strong become stronger only in proportion as they make those stronger about them.

We as a race must not rest on our oars. We have really just begun the struggle. There have been dark days. Perhaps there are darker ones to be lived through.

When the sun shines and flowers bloom we forget the bleak days of winter and air ourselves in the warmth of the sunlight and inhale the fragrance of the beautiful flowers. We look at the bright skies and countless stars and are as happy as the little bird, who trills her notes of joy amidst the fragrant apple blossoms.

We think not of danger and sorrow, but give ourselves up to luxurious enjoyment of the present.

'Tis the fortune or misfortune of the masses to thoroughly enjoy today and give no thought to the morrow. The masses must be taught the lesson of the ant, that though the sun shines today, there are grave responsibilities awaiting us tomorrow, and we must always have an eye single to that fact.

Compare the South today with the South of thirty years ago and note what

RACE ISSUES.

157

a change. Occupations that were then
beneath the white man and only fit for
Negroes are now being eagerly sought
for by him. This means, that unless the
Negro arouses himself and learns to do
his work better than other people, and
asks for fewer vacations, the poor white
man of the South and foreigners of the
North will usurp his place as laborers in
that section.

In the dark days, when blank despair
held sway and there seemed no hope be-
yond, the poor old fathers and mothers,
who are now sleeping quietly in the land
of the just, prayed silently for days of
freedom and independence. They left us

without knowing that what they had so
anxiously prayed for, would be the
heritage of their offspring. We will do
well to emulate their example.

We know not what our future is to be;
we know what we desire it to be. If we, as
a race, would become the peer of any
nation of the earth, we must let honesty,
industry and truth characterize all our
actions. Look not back upon past
achievements and let that satisfy us. The
past has cared for itself. 'Tis the living
present and unknown future that we must
silently, patiently and prayerfully con-
sider each day and hour of our existence.

RACE ISSUES.

The following report from St. Thomas,
D. W. I., taken from the daily press, can-
not fail to be of much interest:—

While the people here are doing a
great deal of guessing on the annexa-
tion question, and are evidently anxiously
awaiting developments of the Copen-
hagen-Washington negotiations, they are
extremely reticent and refuse to express
an opinion to foreigners. But it has been
ascertained that the merchants would be
well satisfied with the change, provided
this port remains free, as at present.

The merchants consider it inevitable
that the islands must some time come
under American control. They do not
seem pleased as what they hear of Ameri-
can progress in Porto Rico. Such a
thing as a tariff is unknown here. With
a closed port, the consensus of opinion
seems to be that the islands would be
worse off than now.

After the question of a free port, the
next objection is the race question. It
is an exception to meet a white man here.
The average American is surprised at the
intelligence of these colored people.
Many of them have been graduated from
French, English or German universities

and their general knowledge of world af-
fairs is astonishing.

"If we come under the American flag
how will we be looked upon by the
American people?" asked a prominent
merchant who is one of the first in this
little commercial world, although he is a
Negro.

"We are naturally anxious to know
what our status will be. Now we can
send our children to Europe to be edu-
cated, and they will be received with the
respect due them. We are colored, but
we have the refinement and the education
of the white man, and we feel we are their
equals. We can go to England or on
the continent without embarrassment.
Can you mention a hotel in New York
or any other American city where we
would dare to register?

"If we come under American rule, our trade must be with Americans. Could we go to the United States to purchase our stock without being humiliated?

Should the United States acquire these
islands she will have a difficult problem
to solve in the race question. As a rule,
however, the residents here seem to ex-
pect annexation and are prepared to meet
the inevitable.

158

5 PARK SQUARE, BOSTON, MASS.

While our many readers were enjoying our anniversary number, the offices of the magazine were being moved to our new apartments.

These consist of a suite of handsome offices, together with mailing and stockroom, which will give ample room for the constantly increasing business of our publishing house. We feel sure that our readers will be glad to hear of our success, as evinced by the fact that we require over four times as much floor space as has been occupied during the past year.

In an early issue of the magazine we shall publish a full description of our new "Home," with photographs of the various rooms and departments.

RICHARD M. ROBINSON, a cultivated musician of New York City, was recently assigned as an assistant supervisor of music, and when it was discovered that he was a Negro the trouble began. A number of white principals objected, but when the superintendent, Prof. Jasper, assured them that he would not allow any discrimination, they immediately withdrew their objections. "The sun do move," and merit will soon be the criterion in America.

The watches that we are offering for eight new subscribers, are still giving general satisfaction, and all of our premium workers are delighted with them. Scarcely a day passes that we do not receive orders for several of these beautiful gifts.

They can be had absolutely *FREE*. Write us for full particulars.

The following letters speak for themselves:—

Pittsburg, Pa.

I beg to thank you for the watch sent me. It came in good condition, and I think it a beauty.

Very truly yours,
M. L. BROWN.

Jersey City, N. J.

I received the watch and am more than pleased with it. I worked very hard for it, but feel more than repaid for my effort.

FLORENCE R. JACKSON.

We have a way by which you can get a full year's subscription to THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE FREE, including the beautiful art picture of "The Young Colored American." Does this proposition interest you? If so, write us at once for full particulars of our Free Subscription Offer, which has already proved to be exceedingly popular, as a large number of names now on our lists are through this offer. It is most liberal, and will enable you to receive the only high-class magazine published exclusively in the interest of the race, for the term of one year, WITHOUT COSTING YOU A CENT. How can we do it? Write us and see.

We note from one of our southern papers the following:—

"A number of leading white men of means in Dallas, Tex., have organized a company to erect a cotton mill, with the agreement in advance that only colored operatives shall be employed. Colored men have taken ten thousand dollars of the company's bonds. This is one of the hopeful signs of the times. White men and colored men must unite their interests in business enterprises and in this way assist all classes."

159

We never depreciate the races working in harmony along any line for the advancement of the race; but we fear such companies would never have been organized even with such an agreement, if the South did not recognize what a power a few cotton mills run and controlled by Negroes would be.

We have Negro enterprises, "Ye men of Texas," all over this country, which need your support and where you have the show of being not only operators (we have been that long enough) but controllers and directors. Let not your forces be divided (we feel that badly enough in our churches).

In the South "Cotton is King," and it was the staple product which made the South bloom with plenteousness before the war. Cotton is worked from its planting to its shipping mainly by Negroes and there their work ends, just where the real profit begins.

Throw your aid in helping to build up your Negro institutions as landmarks of thrift and business ability, by which the coming generations can travel on to prosperity and the respect of the world.

When you have succeeded in building up a profitable business you can get all the white capital you wish, only "the shoe will be on the other foot" and you will control and direct and they will put up the money.

NEGRO ENTERPRISES FIRST! THEN, IF NECESSARY, LET SPECULATION FOLLOW.

There is a move on foot, headed by D. A. Ferguson, D. D. S., of Richmond, Va., to organize the colored dentists of the United States into a regular organization, as they seem to be barred out from joining that of the "white brothers," no matter what the qualifications.

For this purpose they are to hold their first meeting in Washington, D. C., in July. Unity in all forms has its influence for good. Where there is a feeling of brotherly spirit shown along any line, it is compelled to spread its influence to others, and this move will call forth a

greater drawing together of forces now unconcentrated.

May the physicians soon follow with their association, and we are ready to cooperate with all moves which tend to bind the Negro in closer bonds.

## AN APPEAL!

Whereas, The city of Jacksonville was visited by a most destructive fire on Friday, May 3d, 1901, that has destroyed the homes of two Presiding Elders, one Pastor, two widows of deceased Pastors, one hundred and fifty families of our membership, together with those of thousands of others; also totally destroying our Cookman institute property, Ebenezer Church and furniture, the Parsonage, together with the entire effects of the Pastor, Rev. J. F. Elliott, thus causing great suffering and untold privation;

Therefore, We, the undersigned, Presiding Elders, Pastors and laymen of the Ministerial Relief Association of the Florida Conference, do hereby make this our humble appeal to our members and friends throughout the land to send immediate relief—in money, clothes, food, etc.—to supplement what is being done by the General Relief Committee.

All remittances sent to Rev. S. A. Huger, Presiding Elder of the Jacksonville District, will be thankfully received and acknowledged.

Rev. S. A. Huger, Pres., 753 Orange st.; Rev. J. P. Patterson, Sec., Presiding Elder Gainesville District; Rev. S. P. Pratt, Treas., Pastor Simpson M. E. Church; R. R. Robinson, Corresponding Sec.

The sketch of the "Life and Work of The Late Rev. John Jasper" which we expected to publish in this issue, has been somewhat delayed in preparation. It will appear, however, in an early issue, probably July, and we can assure our large circle of readers that it will be a most interesting as well as comprehensive article.

["BRANCH OFFICES OF THE COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE.", "BALTIMORE, MD., 21 E. Saratoga Street.", "GREATER NEW YORK, 45 Park Place, N. Y. City. N. BARNETT DODSON, General Agent.", "CHICAGO, ILL., 182 West Jackson Boulevard. W. J. SKILLERN, General Subscription Agent.", "NASHVILLE, TENN., 449 North Cherry Street. PRESTON TAYLOR, General Agent.", "PHILADELPHIA, PA., 714 Marvine Street. R. S. CHANDLER, General Agent.", "PITTSBURG, PA., 223 Fifth Avenue. OLIVER G. WATERS, General Agent.", "ST. LOUIS, MO., 1929 Market Street. N. H. WRIGHT, General Agent.", "ST. PAUL, MINN., 463 Robert Street. J. H. JACKSON, General Agent.", "Following is a list of The Colored American Magazine agents as far as appointed, arranged by states. We shall add to the same from month to month.", "ALABAMA.", "Montgomery—J. H. FAGAIN.", "Selma—W. M. H. SHACKLEFORD, 455 Broad Street.", "CALIFORNIA.", "San Francisco—Miss LILLIE A. DEAN, 717 Bush Street.", "COLORADO.", "Colorado Springs—H. C. HAWKINS, 104 S. Cascade Avenue.", "Denver—A. A. WALLER, 2913 Welton street.", "CONNECTICUT.", "Hartford—Mrs. CHAS. H. WILLIAMS, 90 Fairmount Street.", "New Haven—Miss MARY JONES, 65 Edgewood Avenue.", "DISTRICT COLUMBIA.", "Washington—G. B. ANDERSON, 1517 15th Street, N. W.", "FLORIDA.", "Palatka—REV. C. HAROLD UGGAMS.", "GEORGIA.", "Atlanta—MABEL M. BROCKETT, 2 Lyons Avenue.", "Augusta—Miss SUSAN M. YERLEY, The Hill.", "Macon—J. H. WALKER, 380 Monroe Street.", "Savannah—JOHN W. ARMSTRONG, 13 Bull Street.", "ILLINOIS.", "Champaign—Mrs. MAMIE E. M. MATTHEWS, 41 N. Hickory St.", "Springfield—E. ALLEN WHITE, 1312 E. Monroe Street.", "INDIANA.", "Indianapolis—HAYES WILSON, 329 Penn Street.", "“ CHAS. H. STEWART, Care, \"The Freeman,\"", "IOWA.", "Davenport—Miss GERTRUDE RICHARDSON, 542 E. 11th Street.", "Des Moines—Mrs. ELLA H. SMITH, Sub, Station 3.", "KANSAS.", "Atchison—I. P. STEPHENS, 727 Commercial Street.", "KENTUCKY.", "Bowling Green—W. G. EDWARDS, 502 College Street.", "Henderson—REV. W. E. CLARK, 720 Dixon Street.", "Louisville—M. R. FITZBUTLER.", "Paducah—IRVIN CLARK.", "LIBERIA. (W. C. A.)", "Monrovia—LEWIS A. FAULKNER.", "LOUISIANA.", "Alexandria—W. M. KING.", "New Orleans—R. ANTOINE ROGERS, 2921 Howard Street.", "MAINE.", "Portland—HARRY W. EASTMAN, 75 Spring Street.", "MARYLAND.", "Annapolis—Miss M. E. WATKINS, 17 South Street.", "MASSACHUSETTS.", "Worcester—Mrs. M. R. GORDON, 11 Ashland Street.", "CHAS. WEEKS, 1 Winfield Street.", "MICHIGAN.", "Detroit—F. G. BRADFORD, 497 E. Larned Street.", "MISSOURI.", "St. Joseph—J. A. TRUE, 715 N. 24th Street.", "St. Louis—P. T. EMORY, 406 N. 8th Street.", "MONTANA.", "Helena—W. M. WHEATON, 14 South Davis Street.", "NEBRASKA.", "Omaha—J. MONROE DORSEY, Room 9, Crouse Block.", "NEW JERSEY.", "Atlantic City—ROBERT A. TOOMEY, 111 N. Tonn. Avenue.", "Bayonne—C. W. MULFORD, care of Mechanics Trust Co.", "East Orange—Miss Q. E. TAYLOR, 12 Princeton Street.", "Jersey City—M. R. WALLACE, 338 Halladay Street.", "Long Branch—M. J. COOPER.", "“ J. H. PERKINS, 175 Belmont Avenue.", "Montclair—W. H. NEWTON, 301 Orange Road.", "Summit—Miss VIOLET A. JOHNSON, 152 Summit Avenue.", "NEW MEXICO.", "Las Cruces—E. D. WILLIAMS, 101 N. Main Street.", "Albuquerque—W. H. JOYCE, Box 210.", "NEW YORK.", "Albany—WATERS HORNER, 66 Lafayette Street.", "Brooklyn—Mrs. N. B. DODSON, 168 Willoughby Street.", "Buffalo—Miss LENA PAUL, 509 Michigan Street.", "New York—B. F. Thomas, 213 W. 53d Street.", "“ ERNEST C. WILLIAMS, 229 E. 15th Street.", "NORTH CAROLINA.", "Charlotte—Wm. A. GRIGG, care of Biddle University.", "Edenton—I. F. LEIGH.", "Elizabeth City—A. W. WHITE.", "Newberne—C. E. PHYSIC, 85 Queen Street.", "Raleigh—T. H. WITHERSPOON, 539 Newberne Avenue.", "Tarboro—N. B. BROWN, Box 193.", "Wilmington—R. D. DIEW, 12 N. 2d Street.", "OHIO.", "Cincinnati—H. B. BROOKS, 425 Elizabeth Street.", "Cleveland—ALEX. O. TAYLOR, 127 Harmon Street.", "Wilderforce—S. S. CURRY, care of Payne Theological Seminary.", "PENNSYLVANIA.", "Philadelphia—H. HARRISON WAYMAN, 1022 So. 12th Street.", "MAJOR C. WEAVER, 528 S. Fifteenth Street.", "RHODE ISLAND.", "Providence—Wm. A. HEATHMAN, 20 Market Square.", "SOUTH CAROLINA.", "Charleston—ISAAC G. CURTIS, 8 Cromwell Alley.", "TENNESSEE.", "Clarksville—W. L. JOHNSON, Box X.", "TEXAS.", "Austin—DR. E. W. D. ABNER, 306 E. 6th Street.", "“ MRS. M. B. PIERCE, 803 E. 11th Street.", "Beaumont—WM. ARCHIBALD, Box 267.", "San Antonio—MRS. C. H. ELLIS, 201 N. Cherry Street", "Waco—W. H. LEWIS, 102 E. Side Square.", "VIRGINIA.", "Charlottesville—C. H. BULLOCK, 225 4th Street.", "Hampton—Mrs. J. C. WILLIAMS, Court Street.", "Lexington—PATRICK A. PAYNE.", "Newport News—L. J. GREEN, 649 23rd Street.", "Norfolk—E.

["The Colored American Magazine", "SUBSCRIPTION, $1.50 A YEAR . . . . . 15 CENTS A NUMBER", "CONTENTS FOR JULY, 1901.", "\"A DEEP SIGH STARTLED HIM\" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ADVERTISEMENTS.

THE BEST OPPORTUNITY
FOR MAKING MONEY
YOU EVER SAW.

Agents wanted everywhere to sell

SELECT SERMONS, VOL. I,

BY REV. CHAS. B. W. GORDON

The first book of its kind published by a colored Baptist preacher in the history of the race. There are great demands for it everywhere. Sold by The National Pilot Pub, Co., Petersburg, Va.

AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY—"THE STORY OF MY LIFE AND WORK."

By BOOKER T. WASHINGTON.

TWENTY-FIFTH THOUSAND NOW OFF PRESS—A PHENOMENAL RECORD.

Here Indeed is a life story that is stranger than fiction. It is a recital of the most thrilling experience, heroic struggle, and remarkable achievement ever written. Ask for a free copy of our booklet, "Gleanings," containing press comments, etc. The book is illustrated with over 50 photo-engravings and original drawings by Frank Beard — contains over 400 pages — size, 6 x 8 1/2 inches. Price in cloth, $1.50.

SPECIAL. — Although Mr. Washington's Autobiography will be sold only on subscription through authorized agents, we are able by special arrangement to offer one copy, cloth binding, to each reader of The Colored American Magazine, at an introductory price of $1.00 postpaid.

AGENTS. — This is the opportunity of your life. Canvassers make $10.00 per day. We mail our magnificent agent's sample book free for only 10 cents in stamps to pay postage. We allow highest commissions, pay freight, and supply books on credit. Circulars and full particulars sent free. Write to-day.

J. L. NICHOLS & CO., Naperville, Ill.

IN FREE AMERICA
OR
TALES FROM NORTH AND SOUTH,

BY

ELLEN F. WETHERELL,

With introduction by Hon. Archibald Grimke.

A series of powerful narratives, written by one in full sympathy with their subject. Most of the incidents have come from the author's personal contact with the characters described, as she has spent many winters in the "Sunny South." The fact that such conditions exist in Christian America at the dawning of this new century, should bring the blush of shame to the face of every man and woman throughout this broad land. It is a most powerful plea for fair and equal treatment of both white and black.

Beautifully bound in illuminated paper cover, 25 cents; cloth, 50 cents. Will be sent to any address, postpaid on receipt of price.

Agents wanted everywhere. Liberal terms.

SELLS ON SIGHT.

Address the Publishers,

THE COLORED CO-OPERATIVE PUB CO.
5 PARK SQUARE, BOSTON, MASS.

RHEUMATISM

Gout, and all Pains in Limbs and Muscles instantly relieved, positively Cured with COLCHINE POWDERS, Price, One Dollar. Particulars Free. Address

E. A. BOETZEL. Chemist, 149 W. 132nd St., New York.

Look for this Label.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

FREE FOR ONE DAYS' WORK.

A GENTLEMAN'S watch with the bust of Hon. Frederick Douglass on the case. We have secured for our friends the most serviceable watches ever made; they are stem winders and stem setters, having all the modern appliances known to the watchmakers' art. The cases are nickel silver. They are made on the celebrated thin model plan. Remember this is not a small clock commonly called a watch, but a highly jeweled, nickel movement, made by one of the celebrated watch manufacturers in America, on our order. These watches are guaranteed by the manufacturers, and if not found exactly as represented this guarantee is assumed by us. Watches like these a generation ago would have cost $20 if they could have been produced, but the fact is, it contains appliances then unknown. Each watch has been properly adjusted and will be sent in running order. Its character: They have a jewel balance wheel. The cases are nickel silver. Are stem winding and stem setting. They have a duplex movement. Free to any one sending $4 for two yearly subscriptions, or $2 for one yearly and $1-$3 in all. This watch and The Colored American, one year for $3. The watch as a special inducement, postpaid, to any one send. ing $2.25.

It will be seen therefore from the above that no one need be without a watch equal for timekeeping to any in the neighborhood, a single daylonger. Indeed it will not take a day for any one to get a small club of subscribers for The Colored American, the national newspaper of the race and the newest and best race journal published. Try it once and see for yourself how easy it is to get this watch and to get only two subscribers for The Colored American. Don't lose time but attend to this matter as soon as you see this notice. Money can be sent by Post Office Money Order, Express Order, Bank Check, or Registered Letter. Address—

...THE COLORED AMERICAN...

459 C St., N. W.

Washington, D. C.

Close on the heels of his white brother, the colored man is crowding to-day in the interesting race for wealth and fame. This country has had its Frederick Douglas, its Booker Washington and others, all of whom have in their respective fields made the world better for their living, and who would say him may if the colored man, realizing the opportunities and necessities of commercial and mercantile lives, should decide to travel those paths so well beaten by white men? There are to-day living in the United States millions of colored people, most of whom are eagerly seeking better educations, and with education comes the desire to be something in the busy world at large. Timid at first as to his individual aptitude for mercantile and commercial pursuits, it is only natural there should be a combination of forces and ideas, such as was marshalled under the banner of the Metropolitan Mercantile & Realty Co., at 150 Nassau Street, New York. The father of that very lusty youngster was P. Sheridan Ball, a dealer in real estate of New Jersey, who a few months ago conceived the idea that through co-operation it was possible to not alone give the colored man a colored man's own store, a colored man's own house, purchased on easy and convenient monthly payments, but to give employment in those same stores, the erection of those homes, and in various other ways to those co-operating in the enterprise by the purchase of stock. Seeking only the collaboration and assistance of those best known to their race, J. H. Atkins, L. L. B., New York, and L. C. Collins, L. L. B., New York, were prevailed on to join him as officers. July 3rd, 1900, they incorporated, under the State Laws of New Jersey with 20,000 shares of $5.00 each. At the first meeting, Mr. Ball was elected President, Mr. Atkins, Treasurer, and Mr. Collins, Secretary, and following are the Directors: —Jerry Battle, New York; J. H. Atkins, New York; Charles B. Coles, New York; P. Sheridan Ball, New Jersey; L. C. Collins, New York; R. B. Thompson, New Jersey; G. C. Lemon, and E. R. Williams. They opened their first store November 10th, in this city, 500 Lenox Avenue, and others, they claim, will be opened as fast as stock is sold, which is now being offered in lots of 5, 10, 15, 20 shares, and upwards, payable $1.00 per share upon subscribing and 40 cents per share monthly until paid; but should the subscriber elect to purchase the stock by one cash payment, he will receive 6 per cent discount thereon. It is expected that no less than 10 per cent will be realized annually, considering economy of management and other co-operative features. The lands bought are selected by the Association's stockholders and reached by a 5 cent fare; the houses erected to be according to the taste of the buyer. Mr. Ball, the President of the Association, has shown us many unique and original ideas in connection with its workings, and through the efforts of himself and his brother officers the stock has found ready sale, having sold to date, $10,580 worth, and what there is left will soon be in the hands of those able to foresee the possibilities of such an investment. It is always interesting to note the progress of new undertakings, but especially one that gives promise of a future such as the above, and unlike many others, combining philanthropy and profit.

—Editorial from Leading New York Financial Paper of November 26th, 1900.

RIPANS
CURE
FLATULENCE

Flatulence means a collection of wind and gases in the stomach and intestines and is an unpleasant and annoying condition. The statement from a salesman living at Edgewater, Ill., which follows, proves that Ripans Tabules relieve it entirely. "I have taken Ripans Tabules for nearly three years with extremely satisfactory results," says the gentleman. "I used to be constantly troubled with flatulence and biliousness, but now rarely have an attack even when I neglect taking the Tabules. Being an Englishman I am naturally fond of good strong tea and this used to cause me a great deal of flatulence. Now I can take several cups without fear, as a Ripans Tabule will take care of all the tea I can drink; in fact, I need no longer be careful as to what I eat, providing I take a Tabule afterward. I can partake of the richest dishes without fear, whereas formerly I frequently had to diet myself. I always carry a supply in my vest pocket in one of the small glass vials which I replenish from the large bottles you sell."

WANTED. — A case of bad health that R-I-P-A-N-S will not benefit. They banish pain and prolong life. One gives relief. Note the word R-I-P-A-N-S on the package, and accept no substitute. R-I-P-A-N-S, 10 for 5 cents, may be had at any drug store. Ten samples and one thousand testimonials will be mailed to any address for 5 cents, forwarded to the Ripans Chemical Co., No. 10 Spruce Street, New York.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Respectfully,
Mrs. Wilson.

B. MITCHELL REMEDY CO.

T. J. HUNTER,

WHEN VISITING WORCESTER STOP AT
AVERY'S · HOTEL

I. S. MOORE,
38 HOLYOKE STREET, BOSTON. MASS.

a National Negro Weekly Newspaper. Contains sketches and the doings of the race. Every lover of the race should read it, because for the practical, helpful matter it contains. Because its editors are the brainiest negro writers of the present age. Because it is bright, clean and up-to-date in every respect. Because it has been remarked by some of our white brothers of the Southern States, 'that the niger mint got no sense.' Because these editors oppose mob law and disfranchising of the negroes. Patronize race enterprise by sending $1.00 for a year's subscription by to-day's mail. Address,

Belgian Hares

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

Belgian Hare Guide, 25c

We can tell you how to earn $500 A YEAR from an investment of $25. If you have a small back yard, a shed, barn, or an empty attic, and will devote one hour night and morning we can start you in an EASY, FASCINATING and PROFITABLE BUSINESS. The finest home employment for boys or women. We ship healthy, fine pedigreed stock by express to any point and guarantee safe delivery. Write for particulars.

THE HERALD.

Address, REV. P. A. SCOTT, Editor.
2311Hone Avenue, Oil City, Pa.

MISSES E. C. M. COLLINS,

Please mention this Magazine.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE.

## The People's Observer

SAMUEL DUDLEY,

## A BEAUTIFUL BUST

DAVIS REMEDY CO.,

DEPT. N,

90 WABASH AVE. - - - - CHICAGO.

MRS. M. A. SIMMONS,

Near DeKalb Ave.,

BROOKLYN, N. Y.

SPECIALTIES:

Real Estate, Mortgages, Fire and Life Insurance, Loans, Coal and Wood. Full Weight Guaranteed. Furniture and Carpets. Cash or Credit. Pianos and Sewing Machines. Ice Cream. Best in quality and moderate in price.

LADIES WANTED—To do needlework at home; making samples; material furnished free; nothing to buy; send stamped envelope for particulars. Home Industrial Co. 90 Wabash, Chicago.

Geisha Diamonds.

Bright, sparkling, beautiful. For brilliancy they equal the genuine, standing all tests and puzzle experts. One-twentieth the expense. Sent free with privilege of examination. For particulars, prices, etc., address,

The R. Gregg Mfg. & Impt. Co.,
271-273 Franklin St., CHICAGO, ILL.

The
Indianapolis
Recorder

ONE YEAR FOR ONE DOLLAR.

GEO. P. STEWART, Publisher.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

CONTENDING FORCES—FREE.

5 Park Square, Boston, Mass.

THE WOMAN'S WORLD,

FORT WORTH, TEXAS.

Address, THE WOMAN'S WORLD,

—FORT WORTH, TEXAS.

THE COLORED
AMERICAN MAGAZINE

VOL. III.

JULY, 1901.

No. 3

ME 'N' DUNBAR.

JAMES D. CORROTHERS.

One day when me 'n' Dunbar wuz a-hoein' in de co'n,
Bofe uv us tried an' anxious foh to heah de dinnah-ho'n,—
Him in his fiel', an' me in mine, a-wo'kin' on togeddah,
A-sweatin' lak de mischief in de hottes' kine o' weddah,
A debblish notion tuck me 't Paul wuz gittin' on too fast';
But, thainks I: "Wait untwel he git 'mongst all dem weeds an'
grass,
'N' I'll make him ne'ly kill his se'f, an' den come out de las'"

Tuck off ma coat, rolled up ma slebes, spit on ma han's an' say :
"Ef God'll he'p me—'n' not he'p him—I beats ma man today !"
S'I: "Paul, come on, le's have a race!—I see you achin' foh it"—
S'e: "All right, Jeems, ma son; strack out—I sho' admire yo'
spurrit."
S'I: "Son er father, I'm yo' match—jes' ketch me, ef you ken!"
S'I: "You'd gib up now, ef you'd take advice f'om yo' bes'
fr'en"—
An' den de way dem two hoes flew wuz scand'l'us—gen-'l'men!

De sun shone on us br'ilin' hot; but, now an' den de breeze
Blowed fresh, f'om 'cross de maddah lot, de fragrance ob de trees
In de ole orchard, jes' beyon'. De birds sung clear an' sweet;
De tree toad wuz a-callin' out his 'pinion ob de heat;
De fahm-house looked invitin', an', erbout a mile away,
De town gleamed white—across de road, de fahmers made dey
hay;—
But me 'n' Paul was hustlin'; 'ca'se dat wuz ouh "busy day."

By'm-by, I got so tired dat I thought ma soul I'd die—
An' all de time a-watchin' Paul, out one side ob ma eye.—
I walks up to de fence, an, le'nt upon ma hoe a spell,
An' say: "Paul, how you mekin' out?" S'e: "Putty middlin' well."
"Dat so?" sez I, you lookin' weak!" Sez he "Am dat a fack?—
Who wuz it lef' his hoein' fuss? You bettah go on back,—
An' go to wo'k, 'r I'll be so fur dat you cain't fine ma track!"

164

'N' back I went, an' slashed about, an' to'e up mo' good co'n—
An' missed mo' weeds den airy othah mo'tal evah bo'n.
An' all de time a-thinkin' thoughts, untwel I come to see
Dat, dat ah' kine o' foolishness wa'n't he'pin' him ner me.
S'I: "Hole on, Paul, le's stop awhile, an' talk an' git ouh breff—
'Ca'se bofe uv us has got to hoe his own patch foh his se'f."
Sez he: "Dat's right; hey ain't no use to wo'k ouhse'fs to deff."

TAMASESE AND MATAAFA.
A TALE OF THE RIVAL KINGS OF ALL SAMOA.

S. E. F..C. C. HAMEDOE, A PROF. F. G.S. I.

TAMASESE, REBEL CHIEF OF SAMOA.

In the second part of the 18th Centurym the great sensation caused by the discoveries of Capts. Cook-Wallis and Bourgainville, called the attention of Europe to a part of the earth hitherto unknown. These discoveries played an important part in the world's history, so much so in fact that the Island Kingdom of Samoa has won the rank of being the sixth part of the world, not alone from its geographical position, but also for the originality of its natural charac-

teristics, and its opening up to the world a new idea, as to the originality of mankind together with social conditions, such as existed in no other part of the globe.

Immediately after these discoveries all Europe went wild in much the same manner as when Columbus discovered America. England, France, Germany, Holland and China at once sent out exploring expeditions. While many of the same found their ultimate end in the flesh pots of the cannibal chiefs, many others waxed wealthy and independent, and in many of the numerous islands today you will find the descendants of those colonists speaking their own tongue, as well as that of the natives, and you can plainly see where Europe and Oceanica meet.

Just what the future of these islands will be no one can at present tell. Three of the worlds greatest powers were for eleven years on the verge of war in order to obtain controlling power over these people, together with the many strategic naval points which these islands afford. A careful perusal of their past history gives us a chance to speak fully as to their peculiar civilization which is distinctively their own, and quite different from anything that can be found in either America or Europe. Of their older customs many are very curious; for example, when meeting one another they

TAMASESE AND MATAAFA.

165

rubbed their noses together, saying: "I am glad to smell you; I shall never forget the smell of you," and the other answering would respond: "I shall never forget the smell of you." This is, or was, considered the most polite greeting of the good old age, before civilization had begun its work.

If you were to pass through their villages or through the country the beautiful native girls would call out to you, "Ekoro! tamaiti Pokeha! Ko wai Koe No hea koe," which means, "Hello, old white boy, where did you come from?" These native girls are most beautiful and well formed, and of an orange complexion. They love the men not for their good looks, but for their deeds of valor.

While conversing with one of a troupe of native Samoan dancers that rather admired me, she made the following offer, "Come back with me to Samoa. My father is a High Chief, and you will not have to work like a slave, but simply fight." One enthusiastic Frenchman in lecturing before the Parisian Geographical Society held up the Samoans as special models, saying, "Ses jeunes filles se font remarquers par la regularité et la beauté de leurs formes." They are a easy going merry people very fond of music and song and they sing everywhere and under all conditions.

You can scarcely pass a house without hearing a song. The boatmen at drill, the young girl at the kava bowl, the old woman with the baby, and the children at play, all sing. I freely admit that I was very much enamored with this savage beauty, but as I prefer work to the gun, was obliged to decline her kind invitation to accompany her to Samoa.

Fine dress, in the native style, is the pride and passion of all Polynesians, and you will see it at its height at Apia or in the Marquesas, as Tahaitii, the Paris of the Pacific, and the Tonga Isles. They have many native feast days, among them being the Poollo, but the great

May festival, the Malango, is chief of them all. During this festival they form parties and go from village to village, singing and dancing, at the same time gossiping with the men over all the past deeds of valor and with the women and girls over the scandals of society, in much the same manner as their more civilized sisters in this country. The young girls then prepare the Pooe and the Kava Bowl and every man stands ready to

MATAAFA, REBEL CHIEF OF SAMOA.

welcome his neighbor. After the repast each company of young fellows perform a drill, covered with flowers, picked by their sweethearts. The men are tattooed, generally from the waist to the knees. Then the dancing girl comes on the scene, with a Calabash filled with perfumed cocoanut water. She begins the dance in much the same manner as her sister in Egypt, Syria or Turkey, a belt of flowers only around her waist, and a wreath around her head. While dancing she sprinkles the perfumed water over her necklace of stones, long or round,

166

some in imitation of coral. Her head of thick black hair floats back to the waist.

TAHITIAN WOMEN. (OLD STYLE.)

A good dancer is in great demand, and is the pet of whatever class or classes she belongs to. These feasts are much on the order of the Christmas holidays among the Negroes of the United States, when every one has his egg-nog and a warm welcome for his neighbor. Every foreigner that lands at Apia goes first of all to see the dancing girls. At Apia the houses have fine hard floors, no one ever seems to be in a hurry, and you always meet a smiling face. In fact it is most refreshing as there is here no seeming worry nor hurry.

Cocoanuts, toro, bread-fruit, sugarcane, bananas, mangoes, limes, grenadillos, all grow here in abundance, but they had no cereals and no metals before they had intercourse with the so-called civilized world. They have no wild animals; no ferocious beasts, no venomous reptiles or insects, as there you find only the dog, hen, pig and other domestic

animals. In olden times they cooked in quite a different method from the present style, but today in many of the rural districts the styles and modes are as in the good old Samoan days. When a large animal, such as an ox or a pig, is to be roasted, they first select a lot of stones. They then dig a hole large enough to hold the stones and allow for a fire in the centre. Wood is then piled on and the fire is continued until the stones become red hot. The wood is then raked away, meat wrapped in a wet mat is placed on the stones, water-cress is placed over and around it and a little water is thrown over it and it is packed down firm. This is done at from nine to eleven P.M. The cooks then leave the oven until the next day, when at about nine o'clock in the morning they uncover it, and you have an excellent roast, which is well done, sweet and delicious.

TAHITIAN MEN IN ORDINARY DRESS.

Cooking thus in the earth gives to the meat a flavor that could not otherwise

TAMASESE AND MATAAFA.

167

be acquired. Vegetables are also cooked in the same way. Of course the more

HAAPAI GIRLS.

civilized have stoves, but they rarely ever use them. They are moreover very particular about their crockery. Every tribe and every class has its special kind, and you cannot under any conditions sell him any other. The local dealers sometimes find it most difficult to supply them on that account.

True, their civilization at first was a little complicated, but very regular and complete in itself. Since their coming in contact with civilization they have three religions or, to use the native word, Lotus.

The first religion is known as Lotu Tahitii, because the first missionaries came from there, and were sent by the London Missionary Society. The second is known as Lotu Tongon, because the next missionaries came from the Tonga Isles and are Wesleyans. The third sect are called Lotu Pope, because they are Catholics. They have several colleges. Malua College is a very fine

institution, where the youths are trained for four years, in their own language, that they may be sent as missionaries to the other islands of the Pacific.

They have a fine Normal School at Ulmoega, where principally English is taught, and at Rapa Uta they have both a normal and a high school for girls.

Probably no race of men are better formed than the Samoans, who are a fine looking lot. When educated they become very shrewd and are considered the equal of the Europeans. You will see but very few half casts in Tahitii, but the few that are, what would be known as dudes in this country. They dress like Europeans and wear shoes, white ties and short jackets and smoke imported cigars.

The people maintain a great reverence for their King, and the foreigner who would visit a Samoan King would do well to choose carefully his interpreter

FRUIT SELLER, PAPEETE.

in order to make a good showing before his majesty.

168

The King's power is paramount, and he has a great influence over his chiefs or followers. Their political meetings are known as a Fainpule, and there all great matters are discussed. Most of the kings have two and sometimes three names. In 1881 Laupepa had three and was known as Malietoa and Natoaitele; and Tamasoalii Tamasese was known as Tuiatua and Mataafa, or Mataafu as Tuiatua.

Laupepa had the majority of followers, but as Malietoa was really the King, they

Britain. The natives wanted perpetual peace, and being refused by Great Britain, many were in favor of offering the supremacy to Germany.

It was Tamasese who first proposed offering it to Germany, whereupon Tuiatapu at once objected. "I had much rather fight Germany than sign anything connected with them," he said, and in a rage left the King and Vice-King, who continued their journey and signed a treaty of reconciliation with Germany.

Consul Weber desired sole power and

A ROYAL GROUP OF POLYNESIANS.

decided to settle the affair in the Fono and they met at Aana Atua in joint parliament and elected their own prince, Tamasese and Mataafa, to rule two years alternately. Tamasese was to rule for the first term of two years. The foreign consuls, however, interfered, and then was signed the famous Lackawanna Treaty, making Laupepa Vice-King. It is even hard for two savage kings to rule at the same time, and discontent was again in the air and on November 5th, 1885, Laupepa and Tamasese, together with forty-eight high chiefs, met in secret, and the supremacy of Samoa was offered for the second time to Great

accordingly continued to stir up matters in general. He needed one thing badly, and that was a native pretender to the throne, and that man was available in Mataafa, or Mataafu of Atua, who was a direct descendant of both Royal houses, and was joint king with Tamasese, but was left penniless and completely cashered by the Lackawanna Treaty. He was ready, in his own behalf, to declare a revolution. He was a strong man with considerable following, and in character and capacity far above the average native. Yet in spite of this, when the final scene was to have been enacted Mataafa was absent, and they beheld Tamasese

TAMASESE AND MATAAFA.

169

instead. Maiietoa was to have been
shelved, and the man selected to replace

birthday, and demanding one thousand
dollars and an Ifo, or public humiliation.
Also twelve thousand dollars for thefts
that had occurred from time to time from
many of the German plantations. At the
same time he said, "I shall come tomor-
row to your palace at Afenga at eleven
A.M." Maiietoa thereupon summoned
the chiefs and they remained all night in
the Fono.

Many of the chiefs were for defiance,
but Laupepa decided to comply with the
demands, asking until Sunday to raise
the required sum. He then fled and left
the chiefs—Lelu, Leumann and Lemamea
to receive Becker, who arrived at half-
past seven instead of eleven, as he had
stated. He demanded to see Laupepa
at once, but was given an evasive an-
swer. He returned immediately to his
ship and ordered seven hundred men and
six guns ashore, declaring war on the
spot in open violation of the consul's

SAMOAN CHIEF IN FULL DRESS.

him was his trusted friend and partner.
Mataafa was too independent for Weber
and many thought Tamasese had be-
trayed Laupepa, and he was given the
ruling power, as a reward.

Then like a see-saw the two chiefs be-
gan to go up and down, first one, then
the other. On January 28th, 1886,
Tamasese, in Leulumoenga, the chief
town of his province of Aana, hoisted his
flag and declared himself king, and be-
gan at once to equip and organize an
army. Weber wanted to make money
and now was his chance to supply them
with arms and ammunition, and with the
permission of Steubel, he began supply-
ing him with arms. The Yankees fol-
lowed, and they also turned a few guns
into hard cash.

On August 23rd Becker sent an
ultimatum to Maiietoa then at Afenga,
holding him entirely responsible for a
riot that occurred on the Emperor's

A SAMOAN.

compact. He seized the famous Govern-
men Building, pulled down the Samoan