In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., December 15th 1894,

Mr. B. F. Bennett,

Belle Mead, New Jersey.

My dear Mr. Bennett:—

My endorsement of you is already before the Department on a former occasion and I could add nothing to that. What you should do if you want to use my endorsement is to call to their attention the fact that you have been endorsed by me and that the document is on file. Your subsequent career after leaving Carlisle being beyond my knowledge it would be impolitic for me to speak of that.

With kindest regards to Mrs. Bennett,

(Dictated)

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., December 15th 1894.

Wm. Denomie,

J. B. Denomie,

Odanah, Wisconsin.

My dear William:-

Your letter of the 10th is duly received. I want to say this about these certificates, that I think it many times better that every student and every graduate who goes out from Carlisle should resolve within himself and within herself to be entirely independent of Government employment and should work out his or her salvation in competition with other people and not still further lean upon the Government. You can readily understand, William, that if the Government is to provide paid places for all the young Indians it educates it is undertaking a tremendous job and to even an ordinary statesman the question will arise if the pension system is to be enlarged in this way whether it would not be better to let the Indians remain uneducated. I like your idea about taking the examination. Contend and take your chances with other men. This makes men; the other, babies.

Your friend,

(Dictated)

104

VOL. 27

In reply to:

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

T. C. Kams,

Principal of Teachers' Department,
University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, N. C.

Dear Sir:-

Replying to your circular letter of the 8th of
December I have to respectfully advise you that we will make
up and forward to you in the near future a collection of our
school room work in the shape of lessons, drawing, etc., and a
collection of photographs.

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

J. R. Wood, G. P. A.,
Philadelphia.

Dear Sir:-

Will you kindly have the Agent at Canandaigua, New York, instructed to deliver one Indian rate ticket reading to Carlisle to John Gansworth and he will pay there or it may be charged to me at your option. The ticket is wanted for the 19th

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., December 17th 1894.

Mr. H. A. Riddle, G. P. A., C. V. R. E.,
Chambersburg, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

I enclose herewith my check for $15.00 covering our
expedition to Harrisburg on the evening of the 14th.

Thanking you for your kindness in furnishing us with the
couch, I am,

Supt.

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Wm. H. Patterson,

Sanborn, New York.

My dear Mr. Patterson:--

Matthew Johnson handed me your letter several days
ago on his return to the school. I am very glad to have your
good letter and to know that you pray for the success of Carlisle

Homer and Moses are getting on nicely. Homer is my order,
and is always prompt and attentive in doing errands for me.

We are getting on nicely here at Carlisle. We have sixty
more pupils now than we had at this time last year and hope
to be still greater in numbers before the winter is over.

With best wishes for a merry Christmas and a happy
New Year, I am,

Your friend,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Antoine Denomie,
Odanah, Wisconsin.

Dear Sir:-

I received your letter of the 7th several days ago
and handed it to Miss Shaffner the girls' school mother, and
she has explained the matter to Anna and made it all right.

I am glad you are pleased with Anna's progress. She is
doing well and we shall do all we can to help her forward in
her studies. We have no teacher of shorthand and besides she
is not far enough advanced in her studies to take that up yet.
After she finishes her course here she will then be prepared
somewhat to undertake shorthand. She will have an opportunity
to take music lessons on the piano if she shows she has ability
in that line. She already has instruction in vocal music in
the school room.

Your friend,

Capt. 10th Cav'y., U.S.A.,
Supt.

VOL. 27

in reply to:

My dear Mr. Campbell:—

It is plain to me that this administration is no exception to the previous experiences we have had and that the seat of the trouble lies at the head. So far as my experience and oversight goes I am unable to see that we shall ever have anything like a peaceful and comfortable administration so long as those who are responsible for the success of their work have no rights in the selection of their helpers. If you go through the Indian Agencies today you will find that the conditions that you are under and the experiences you meet are duplicated with greater or less superfluity on more than two thirds of the reservations. That Civil Service selects and appoints makes no material change in the situation. Every Civil Service appointment I have struck so far has been depending upon some one outside for change or amelioration. The conditions are more centralized than before. Formerly the Indian Agent practically selected everyone on the reservation. I can remember that was the case in the early days at Cheyenne. Then everyone on the reservation depended upon the Agent and the Agent depended upon his helpers for success and he was dependent upon his Superintendent for the success of his school and he consulted with him and it was a harmonious whole. Now with the curtailing of the Agent's power, with the gain of power and

VOL. 27

111

Mr. Campbell, page 2.

independence on the part of the Superintendent, with a something
which is intended to be a grip on both in the way of Civil
Service, there is a divided responsibility and neither of the
three can be held strictly to account for success. Civil Service
is such a saint that nobody can speak critically of it. It
brooks no suggestions and bristles all over with its "chip on
the shoulder" superiority. Like other measures announced to be
for the supreme and only good of the Indian we have got to wait
until experience proves its weakness and inadequacy.

I deplore the conditions you and many others in the school
work are in but I can see no way out except to use all the
diplomacy we have and endeavor to get by the difficult point.
Adjustment must come sooner or later. I have like letters from
other quarters. Miss Hunt was put in at San Carlos with a
situation on her hands. Some of her employes would not speak
to the Agent.

You have this constantly before you that if you can bring
yourself to conquer the situation by forbearance or otherwise
you have fitted yourself for something more difficult beyond.

Unfortunately my own position is full of difficulties again
It has gone so far that I have two vacancies among the teachers
and I have informed the Indian Office that I wish to cancel
these places and would secure the teachers and pay the salaries
without calling on my Government appropriation. Somehow we do
get some of the most worthless teachers and on my reporting them
they are transferred with higher salaries. This fact with the
difficulty we have in getting children leads to the logical

VOL. 27

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., December 18th 1894.

Capt. John G. Bourke, 3rd Cavalry,
Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont.

Dear Captain:-

I use the hand of my daughter as I am not well.

I wish you would write me a good expose' of frontier
matters to publish, - incog if you wish. I think it would be
just the thing to do especially just now. These western men
have been crowding to the front and claiming the loaves and
fishes upon various pretences and a good, solid exposure would
ease up the situation. You know as well as I do that there
isn't one of them that cares a snap of his finger for the
Indians; indeed that almost universally they want to get rid of
the Indians in toto, and none of them want the trouble of trying
to make men of them. What they do want is the importation of
dollars into their "destricts:" and that is the whole sum and
substance of their desires and to the accomplishment of which
they bend all their energies.

It has been almost twenty years since I was in personal
contact with the frontier and although my experiences then were
doubtless the same as yours of later date, still they are
antiquated for present use.

My "Red Man" goes to every member of Congress, to all
Indian Agencies and military posts and has quite a circulation

114

VOL. 27

116

In reply to:

Supt. G. L. Pigg,
Riverside School,
Anadarke, O. T.

My dear Mr. Pigg:-

It has not been because I did not intend to that I
have not written before and I owed it to you to write before.
But I have not been well and owing to the absence of Mr. Stand-
ing, my Assistant Superintendent, I have been greatly pushed.

We reached home safely with our interesting charge and I
am glad to tell you that the whole eight seem to be as contented
and happy here as any children under the same circumstances
could be. As I inspected yesterday morning I asked a number of
them how they liked Carlisle, whether they were happy here and
they all responded most favorably. Mary gets on especially
well.

Glad to hear of the progress of your accommodations and
from years of experience can imagine just how your weather has
been there. There is a great deal in the Washita and Fort Still
country that makes us remember it with pleasure. One thing is
the climate. We officers in the winter of 1878 were our summer
clothing, white trousers and thin coats, on Christmas day.

Of the two schools of course I have nothing to say. I can
readily see how you could accomplish all you feel you can.

VOL. 27

117

Supt. G. L. Pigg, page 2.

Glad you like Capt. Baldwin. Baldwin has had a long and valuable experience as a man of affairs in the Army and with Indians and if he can't make a success of that Agency it will hardly be worth while to look further for a man in the Army who can.

Gen. Armstrong passes out at the end of this month. It is generally alleged that it was on account of ill health. Whatever influence it may have on the administration of affairs in the Department one cannot tell until we know who the next man is. Armstrong undoubtedly turned all things Catholicward he could. No doubt the Catholics will claim the right to select the next man. As they undoubtedly have a grip on this administration they may succeed. But after this winter it will be much more difficult to carry Catholic points than it has been. Catholic influence in the Bureau is beginning to go to the wall and in the Government municipal state and national as well. I think if I had started out for children after the election instead of before I might have had better success.

Mrs. Pratt and I frequently talk of the experiences of our trip which were intensely interesting to us, and remember your hospitality with gratitude and the hope that we may have an opportunity to repay it.

Please remember us to your wife and employees and believe me,
Faithfully yours,

Gape, 20th Corp., U.S.A.,
Supt.

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

118

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,

OFFICE OF A DEPARTMENTARY

My dear Miss Hunt :-

Things are closing down a little bit here and the situation is becoming oppressive. I have had twelve civil service teachers sent to me within a little over a year. Three have failed and given up because of ill health, - all men. One, a graduate of Dickinson, resigned on my advising him to. I reported against the continuance of four others and they have all been promoted. Under these circumstances I have felt there was not enough future in the civil service for us to continue to use it and have requested the Department to cancel the two vacancies at the school and informed them that I would employ teachers and pay them myself.

Glad you have Justin Shedee. He was without exception the best of the Apaches that came to Carlisle. His training as an officer in one of the companies will make him especially able to help you and if he does not become demoralized through the influence of his worser half (I accept your estimate of her) he can undoubtedly be of much value to you. We still have several Apaches here belonging to San Carlos. Each year I have offered them an opportunity to go home but every year they have concluded to stay. They do not amount to much but they largely earn their own way by being out in the country so that the Government at least is better off and I believe they are as

VOL. 27

119

Miss Hunt, page 2.

individuals. It is perfect folly for us to leave the savage
fathers and mothers the determination as to whether their
children shall go to school and where they shall go. Instead
of being humane that is to my mind intensely inhumane.

In regard to the death rate: the records of the San Carlos
Apaches show that they have decreased thirty-three per cent in
ten years. Of course the few they have sent here to school
cuts no figure in this decrease and when we take into account
that the birth rate is all there and none at the schools, why,
it tells a story which condemns the Agency far more than any
stories they can tell about the schools. The Indians ought to
know these things and it ought to influence them in favor of
sending their children away. It is a last desperate case and
they ought to take advantage of every opening that seems at all
to their advantage. Carlisle had no fair show. The first and
only lot of pupils we received from San Carlos were on many
accounts undesirable. There was no good physical examination.
Many of them were too old, most of them were suffering from
either inherited or contracted immoral diseases. A number of
them were criminals taken out of the guard house at the time
and sent here. Justin Shedee can verify all these facts,

Dr. Nailman is expected here this week.

We all at Carlisle join in continued interest for your
success. I appreciate your dilemma and watch with great
interest the outcome of your management. I am greatly tempted
in view of your remark to send you a recent and very long letter
I had from Mr. Campbell which indicates he is in hot water up

VOL. 27

In reply to:

125

Carlisle, Pa., December 20th 1894.

Col. Henry B. Carrington,
% Silver, Burdette & Co.,
110 Boylston St.,
Boston, Mass.

Dear Colonel:-

Your letter of December 5th reached me in good time
but the promised copy of Beacon Lights has not yet arrived.
We are now making out our estimates and should have the
book at once in order to ascertain whether we shall need it.

We shall expect to have you with us at our Commencement
at the end of February and trust you are laying your plans
in that direction.

COPY TELEGRAM.

Eugene Taehapeur,
Conway, Mass.

Your letter received. Take the position offered you at
hotel in Springfield.

R. H. Pratt.

Sent via "W. U." 11.14. A. M.,
Personal, Chgd.

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., December 21st 1894.

My dear Mr. Collins:-

Your letter reached me yesterday and the box of
surprises came this morning. You are certainly most kind to
remember us all here and I assure you we appreciate it very
much and are surprised at what you have accomplished since
you were here.

I have distributed the packages as you desired and you
will no doubt hear of them soon. The portrait of myself is
remarkable and I have given it to Mrs. Pratt who wishes to
express her thanks through me. The portrait of Miss Susan the
girls will appreciate and the other gifts of books and halma.
We are pleased to have your gifts for the cabinet at the school
building and the drawing books for the pupils. The teachers
are also much delighted with the calendars you sent them as an
I with the one you sent to me.

I enclose my check for $5.00 covering the cost of the
heading and am much obliged to you for your trouble and interest
in securing this for us.

Hoping you may have all the happiness possible of this
joyous season, and with kindest regards from us all, I am.

129

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., December 22nd 1894.

Odin R. Edwards,

Supt. Medico-Chirurgical Hospital,
1725 Cherry Street,
Philadelphia.

Dear Sirs:-

Lizzie arrived safely and her appearance is improved not only in so far as her eyes are concerned but I can see that the trip has done her good otherwise and her general health has been benefited. Please accept my thanks for your kindness to her.

How is the young Comanche getting along?

(Dictated)

131

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Dear Sir:-

Replying to your letter of December 20th enclosing
round trip ticket to St. Louis, also one to Taylorsville, I
forward herewith my check for $21.30 for the ticket to St.
Louis and return the ticket to Taylorsville. Mr. Hendren, my
teacher for whom the ticket to Taylorsville was purchased, came
here for less than one half the $35.75 and we concluded there
must be some mistake. As it was impossible for us to rectify it
we thought best to return the ticket. He advises me from
Washington that he purchased the ticket so as to save $8.37 over
the rate you named for him,

(Dictated)

132

VOL. 27

in reply to:

Dr. Lyman Abbott,
110 Columbia Heights,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

My dear Doctor:-

The young men of the college are making their first venture in trying to supply what they feel is a want of the college and the community and are apprehensive in regard to loss. The lecturers so far have given them special rates, more especially because it is a Y. M. C. A. course. They feel it would be unsafe for them to venture on more than $50.00 for one lecture. That sum they would be glad to give you for Tuesday night the 26th of February. When I mentioned your price they said they must drop it. I then asked them for their ideas of it and they explained. You can see how it is. I can sympathize with their position and can apprehend that they have reasons to hesitate for the town has been somewhat over-burdened with lecture courses for several years past and our people do not ordinarily turn out well. This winter we are having two of the University Extension courses. The Y. M. C. A. of the town, which for a number of years provided a series of entertainments, largely lectures, for the town, have been compelled for want of patronage to give it up. I can't I would explain the situation to you so that you would understand it. If

VOL. 27

COPY TELEGRAM.

"The Times,"

Philadelphia.

Your press dispatches, today's paper, announce that the wife and six year old son of Yellow Bull, sub-chief of the Sioux at Rosebud Agency, were murdered by John Lance, a graduate of the Carlisle School, and Thunder Hawk, Lieut. of Police.

As no John Lance ever attended the Carlisle School, I telegraphed to Agent at Rosebud for information, who telegraphs in answer: "Crime committed as reported. Lance attended Yankton Catholic School 1884-86. Thunder Hawk not a policeman" signed "Wright, Agent." Please give this correction the same prominence you gave original dispatch.

(Signed) R. H. Pratt,

Sent via "W. U." 4.30 P. M.,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 27

<table><tr><td>In reply to:</td></tr></table>

My dear Mrs. True:-

You quite apprehended a soldier's proclivities when
you sent me the "Japan Mail," which I read with the greatest
interest, especially the large part devoted to the Japanese
and Chinese war. If Japan can stand all her successes in China
and not have the most unbearable big-head she will be a marvel
of a nation. What a surprise to the world is the conflict of
forty millions against four hundred millions and the forty
millions carrying the day all along the lines! Japan had better
make good for all time her relations with China for thirty
years hence through the lessons of this conflict. China will
have risen out of her sluggish past and pursuing the same course
that Japan has in adopting modern methods and appliances of
warfare she will over-run Japan and annex her to her domains.
Just remember this and when it comes to pass remind me that
"I told you so."

We had Mr. Tada with us for Thanksgiving day and he
entertained the school by giving a talk on the war.

A letter a few days ago from Mr. Tamura tells that when
the war began they thought that one Jap was equal to 10 China-
men, but they were surprised to find that one Jap was equal to
50 Chinamen. That confidence will be a disaster to them
ultimately. I have sometimes thought that a deep stratagy

136

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Wm. Petoskey,
Petoskey, Michigan.

Dear William:-

Send your brother here and we will do what we can
for him.

I am glad to hear that you are doing good work among your people and it does my heart good to have your and your wife's greetings.

Mrs. Pratt joins me in wishing you both a merry Christmas and a very, very happy New Year.

Cordially and faithfully your friend,

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Mr. H. M. Hudelson,
Ogden, Indiana.

My dear Mr. Hudelson:-

Mrs. Pratt and I have had your kindly invitation
indicating the great change in your life you are entering upon.
We send our heartiest congratulations and our best wishes.

I note what you say of yourself. You would now have to
get back into the Civil Service through re-examination or some
other re-adjustment through the Civil Service Commission. If
you are strong and staunch beyond all question to lean upon I
should be very, very glad to have you with us again at Carlisle.
But notwithstanding what you say, my feeling is one of doubt
and I have had so many licks on that line that I am perhaps
becoming very sensitive.

(Dictated)

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 27

140

In reply to:

Luzeno Choteau,

3903 Michigan Avenue,
Chicago.

Dear Luzeno:—

I return to you a very satisfactory credentials and am pleased that you have so won the esteem of those with whom you have associated since you left Carlisle. I trust you may reap, as you will, good fruits for your great victory over self, for really that is what it amounts to. Thus you are able to hold your place when so many are idle is all the more praise-worthy. One thing I think you ought to do, in your case particularly and these are many other students who should do the same, do not make any account of the fact that you have Indian blood. Take up the affairs of life as though you were one of God's children with all the rights, privileges and immunities He bestows upon His children and accept of them and use them and say nothing of the past. Put behind you those things. "Press forward to the mark of the prize, etc."

Undoubtedly the good Father has been with you. His protecting arms have been about you and will be about you and with you more and more as you more and more establish your right, for it is a right.

If in time your applicants should shape themselves so that

VOL. 27

Luzeno Choteau, page 2.

you could come to Carlisle be assured of a warm welcome from
all.

Wishing you a merry Christmas and a very, very happy New
Year, I am,

Faithfully your friend,

(Dictated)

In reply to:

Dr. A. Rittenhouse,
Supt. M. E. Hospital,
Cor. S. Broad & Wolfe Streets,
Philadelphia.

My dear Doctor:-

I do wish I could send you a good big donation for
your great work but it is not possible. The reduction of my
personal resources of $1000.00 this year pinches not a little.

When do you think you will be ready to take Julia? We are
pushing her forward in our hospital here so that she will be
all the more able when she comes to you. You will have in her
one of the best girls we have yet sent into hospital work.

With the most cordial compliments of the season to both
yourself and Mrs. Rittenhouse, I am,

Faithfully yours,

(Dictated)

141

VOL. 27

in reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., December 26th 1894.

M. D. Archiquette,
Oneida, Wisconsin.

My dear Martin:—

I am very, very glad to get a letter written in your usual bold style, indicative of the character of the writer:

Your sentiments always come home to me and give me pleasure. Somehow I never expect anything else of you and Belinda but good, honest, straight-forward work and action.

I am very glad to hear all the news you write, both about yourself and others. I find now that I live more and more in the lives of my students who are still with me, and particularly those who have gone out and are trying real hard life. What you say in regard to those students who have done badly is undoubtedly true: if they had not come to Carlisle they would probably have done worse. But how few people there are who will make a really fair judicial conclusion by comparison. Take the proportion of the graduates from the grammar grade of the public schools of our towns and it is a matter of notoriety that a very considerable number make flat failures of life.

Undoubtedly there are those everywhere throughout the Indian service who are against Carlisle. Carlisle expects her students to take care of themselves and dispense with the

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 27

M. D. Archiquette, page 2.

espionage of the Anglo-Saxon. This unfortunately interferes
with many Anglo-Saxons who desire to continue such espionage
on account of the fruits of such methods. But you know there
is a woe pronounced against that man of whom every one speaks
well and it is right and proper that schools should be on the
same basis as men: "Woe unto that school of whom every one
speaks well." Criticism is a great boon to most men. But I
will not moralize.

Please remember me most kindly to Belinda and your father
and all the Carlisle friends, and I might say at this season, to
all the enemies of Carlisle, also. Wishing you and yours all
the compliments of the season, I am,

Faithfully your friend,

(Dictated)

143

VOL. 27

144

In reply to:

Seichu Atsue,
% H. B. Worrell,
Meador Brook, Pa.

My dear Seichu:-

Your Christmas greeting reaches me in good time and I am very much pleased to be remembered by you. I have the little nail cleaner in my pocket. It is not only very pretty but I know will be very useful and I thank you for the gift.

I hope you had a very merry Christmas and trust you may have a very, very happy New Year.

We had a pleasant day here at Carlisle. Dennison Wheelock and Louise LaChapelle were married at noon yesterday, and this was the principle event of our day. Later came our big Christmas dinners. The girls had three pretty Christmas trees in their assembly room and received their presents early in the morning. We were awakened by the girls singing "Joy to the world, The Lord has come," on their balcony at four o'clock in the morning. After that there was little sleep for every one was excited over the generous presents Santa Claus had brought.

I am glad to know, dear Seichu, that you are doing well.
It always makes me happy to think of your faithfulness in your

VOL. 27

In reply to:

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., December 28th 1894.

Gen. H. B. Carrington,
A Silver, Purdette & Co.,
Boston, Mass.

Dear General -

We are greatly pleased with "Beacon Lights" and when the new edition is out you may send me two dozen copies as a beginning, with the bill for the same.

I want to thank you personally for taking the particular field you did in adding to our school literature. Patriotism in this country is something that needs looking after and your two books on this line for school use furnish the best of reading.

Our commencement takes place on the two last days of February and I am especially anxious that you should be with us then.

Yours faithfully,

(Dictated)

155

VOL. 27

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., December 29th 1894.

My dear Mrs. Abbott:-

The girl from New York, about whom you wrote on the first, came duly and has dropped into our great family with evident satisfaction to herself and with a good outlook for improvement. She is a bright happy young girl upon whom I think your generosity will be well bestowed. The cost of her railroad travel here was $7.80. I did not notify you before of this because my bills from the railroad company come in sometime near the end of the month and I could not know the exact amount until the bill arrived. The yearly tuition can be paid as you find most convenient. I should be glad of course to have it.

(Dictated)

Mrs. Lyman Abbott,
110 Columbia Heights,
Brooklyn.

VOL. 27

Carlisle, Pa., December 29th 1894,

Dr. A. Rittenhouse,

Supt. M. E. Hospital, S. Broad & Wolfe Sts.,

Philadelphia.

My dear Doctor:-

All right we shall be glad to send Julia in February
or whenever you are ready.

In regard to your Red Cross Society: we have in the army
first, a regiment commanded by a colonel assisted by a lieut-
enant-colonel and three majors. The regiment is made up of
two companies and is divided into battalions of four companies
each. Each battalion is under the command of a major. The
colonel commands the regiment and in his absence the regiment
is commanded by the lieutenant-colonel. The company officers
are a captain, first and second lieutenant. In times of peace
the companies number about sixty men, in war about one hundred.
The first lieutenant commands one wing of the company and the
second lieutenant the other. Then there are one first
sergeant, five sergeants and four corporals, but these sergeants
and corporals do not ordinarily have distinctive divisions
of the company. They are mostly used for right and left
guides and have small detachment service.

I think it would be well for you to use sergeants for
your Tens, which is about the size of a sergeant's command

VOL. 27

Dr. Rittenhouse, page 2.

ordinarily. Then for your fifties you could use lieutenants
and for your hundreds, captains or centurions, and for your
thousands you could use colonels. Should your organization
grow so as to take in three or five thousand you could have
a brigadier-general in command of the whole.

Hoping this may be of some service, I am, as ever.

Yours faithfully,

(Dictated)

My dear Miss Abbott:-

It seems best to me to make arrangements for your
Father to lecture on Tuesday evening the 28th of February and
I have accordingly settled with Dr. Reed of the College. There
will be quite a number of College students and others in the
town of Carlisle who necessarily cannot attend our Commence-
ment exercises and an opportunity of hearing your Father
will be especially appreciated by them.

Yours cordially,

Miss Harriet F. Abbott.
110 Columbia Heights,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

158

VOL. 27

159

In reply to:

American Horse,

Pine Ridge Agency, S. D.

My dear Friend.--

Mr. Standing writes that he forgot to give me a
message from you in his former letters, which is that you
would like me to do something for Fast Thunder who is in jail
at Rushville. Now, my friend, there is nothing I would
undertake to do for you that was at all right and consistent
for me to undertake. But I know absolutely nothing of the case
of Fast Thunder and it is a matter for the Agent and civil
authorities entirely to deal with and if I should undertake
to influence for or against it would be considered very much
out of place. Fast Thunder was a man whom I very much
respected and whom I am especially sorry to see in trouble
but these reasons are not sufficient to warrant me in an
attempt to influence the action of either the Agent or civil
authorities.

How sorry I am that in these later times all over the
field we are hearing of good men getting into trouble almost
universally caused by whiskey.

Your friend,

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Joseph Evans,

Pioneer, Montana.

My dear Joseph:-

I enclose my check for $11.55 the balance due you which was sent to us by Mr. Titus recently.

I am glad to hear from you and of your fine prospects. It was quite time for you to quit school and strike out for yourself and show what you are made of.

Just now we are having the finest of winter weather. A nice coat of snow covers the earth and the boys and girls are having a jolly time with their sleds and skates as the Christmas and New Year holidays afford time for their use.

Peter Oscar, as you know, ran away with Briggs Cornelius I have a letter from Peter from Newport where he claims to be working for a farmer named Duncan.

Wishing you the compliments of the season, I am,

Faithfully your friend,

(DICTATED)

VOL. 27

161

<table><tr><td>To be sent to:</td></tr></table>

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., December 31st 1894.

My dear Brown:-

I hardly knew what to say about Verbeek's sentiments. He, according to my judgment, is off the truck. Maturity and experience, if of the right kind, is beyond all question, superior to youth and inexperience. I question whether I had better not write him a word more, and yet overdoing a thing is as bad as not doing it at all. We cannot tell what family influence may exist. He doubt some officials of the school are pressing the claims of some other officer. I shall be in Washington in a few days and intend to remain long enough to see people generally. I shall make it my business to see Col. Corbin and have a good talk with him and it may be I can bring in the matter without seeming officious. If I can I certainly will do so.

With the best wishes of the season to you all,

(Dictated)

Capt. George LeRoy Brown,
Whipple Barracks, Arizona.

VOL. 27

Carlisle, Pa., January 1st 1895.

C. W. Ford, Treas.,

Office of First Congregational Sunday School.

No. Adams, Mass.

My dear Sir:-

I have your letter of December 31st enclosing check
for $90.68 for this school from your Sunday School. Please
accept my hearty thanks for your continued help and interest
in us. I enclose receipt for the check.

Notwithstanding many obstacles placed in our way by
enemies of the School we have continued to grow and now
have sixty more pupils than we had at this time last year. The
principles of the school in regard to Indian education are
also spreading throughout the country and having greater
influence in Indian matters.

Our Commencement takes place on the last two days in
February and we should be glad to welcome a delegation from
your Sunday School at that time, or at any time it may be
convenient for you to come.

VOL. 27

169

To the Adjutant,
10th U. S. Cavalry,
Ft. Custer, Montana.

Sir:-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge of this school under the provisions of the Act of Congress, approved June 27th, per S. O., No. 194. Headquarters of the Army, A. G. O., August 23rd, and Letter of Instructions from the Honorable Secretary of the Interior, dated September 6th, all 1879.

My address for the next month is as above.

Very respectfully,

Your obedient servant,

Capt. 10th Cavalry, Supt.

VOL. 27

171

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
DEPARTMENT OF SOUTHERN INDIAN

To the Adjutant-General, U. S. A.,

Washington, D. C.

Sir:-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge of this school under the provisions of the Act of Congress, approved June 27th, per S. G. No. 194, Headquarters of the Army, A. G. O., August 23rd, and Letter of instructions from the Honorable Secretary of the Interior, dated September 6th, all 1879.

Capt. 10th Cavalry, Supt.

VOL. 27

Carlisle, Pa., January 4th 1895.

My dear Mr. Campbell:-

I have yours of the 31st of December and have asked Mr. Wood to name rates from Browns Valley to Carlisle.

I shall be in Washington within a few days and as I can arrange much better there for you to come in I will not write.

Yours sincerely,

(Dictated)

Mr. W. P. Campbell,

Supt. Sisseton Indian School,
Sisseton Agency, S. D.

VOL. 27

Carlisle, Pa., January 3rd 1895.

D. B. Saxton,
Union Square Hotel,
New York.

My dear Bix:-

Your son Hamilton and Rev. Dr. Lambeder were here this forenoon making a very brief visit to the school but I went through all the departments with them. I was glad to have the visit, and still more glad to have a line from you, and still more pleased to know of your good fortune.

I shall try and remember when I am in New York and see you. When I do stop at a hotel in New York it is almost always at the Union Square, but I am most often with friends.

Yours sincerely,

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., January 8th 1895.

Henry W. Smith,

West DePere, Wisconsin.

My dear Henry:-

It has been a rule in the school for quite a number of
years that runaways shall be forfeit whatever may be so their
credit in the school and these funds are used for looking for
runaways. Had you left us in a straightforward way I should
have been only too glad to have given you your balance. As
it is it has gone into the general fund and I would not
disturb it.

Capt. 10th Co'v'y., U.S.A.,
Supt.

(Dictated)

183

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., January 9th 1895.

Hon. Chas. Emery Smith,
Editor of "The Press,"
Philadelphia.

My dear Sir:-

I greatly enjoy reading the Press daily and almost always agree with what it says, even in the pictures. Sometimes, however, I am compelled to disagree and feel a little put out that the Press would lend itself to do us a wrong, although you have so uniformly stood by us that I suppose I ought not to object to a cut now and then to please somebody else.

Two weeks ago there was a dispatch in the Philadelphia "Times" from Rosebud, South Dakota, alleging that the wife and son of Yellow Bull, one of the chiefs, had been murdered by John Lance, a graduate of Carlisle, and Thunder Hawk, a policeman. We never had a John Lance here and I telegraphed to the Agent at Rosebud for the particulars. He reported that the crime had been committed, that Lance was a returned student from the Yankton Catholic School and that Thunder Hawk was not a policeman.

I now find in your paper of the 5th a dispatch from the same quarter making an allegation that Red Horse, a Sioux chief, was murdered by Fast Thunder and Plenty Bird. We never

184

VOL. 27

Carlisle, Pa., January 11th 1895.

A. D. Lundy,

Williamsport, Pa.

My dear Sir:-

The book "Plan of the Ages, or Millennial Dawn" you
sent me sometime ago was received, but under the great pressure
of work I have upon me I have been unable so far to more
than glance at the book and as the immediate future does not
seem to offer me respite for this reading I do not wish longer
to delay acknowledging the book and thank you for remembering
me in this way. My work crowds upon me in such a way that
I am quite unable to find the time for the many outside
things I would like to do.

Yours very truly,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Patrick Ritter,

Pine Ridge Agency, S. D.

Dear Patrick:-

I was glad to receive your letter and to know that you are getting on so well. I am especially glad to know that you are occupied, and trust you will always have something to do.

Our winter here has also been delightful and we have had few rainy days, until this past week when we have had very stormy weather. The ground is now covered with snow and we are having good sleighing.

The school is full, we having sixty more pupils than we had at this time last year. We are beginning to make our preparations for Commencement the last of February, and expect as usual to have a big time then. The Standard Debating Society are going to give us a fine entertainment this next Saturday evening. I judge from the preparations they are making.

You, no doubt, get all the school news from the "Helper" and know how we are getting on.

With best wishes for you always, I am,

Your friend,

191

VOL. 27

192

Dr. E. A. Shulenberger,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Sir:-

I received your kind invitation to be present at
the installation services of and the reception to your Father,
Rev. M. O. Noll, on the evening of January third, and regret
very much that I was unable to be present. Both Mrs. Pratt
and myself were not at all well at the time and were unable
to be out.

Mrs. Pratt and I hope to have the pleasure soon of
calling upon Rev. and Mrs. Noll.

Yours very truly,

VOL. 27

193

Carlisle, Pa., January 10th 1895.

Mr. Walter C. Gayhart, Principal,
Austin Public Schools, High School Dept.,
Austin, Nev.

My dear Sirs—

I have your letter of December 27th, 1894 and thank you for your cordial words and the interest you have taken in distributing the little papers. We believe that the little paper has done and will do much good in giving people right ideas about the Indian. It was started as a school leaflet only but its circulation has grown wonderfully. I send you by this mail a copy of our larger paper, which perhaps may interest you more.

I appreciate your experience in the Indian service and regret that it was of such short duration.

With kind regards,

Yours very truly,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Alonzo Foster,

Tribune Building, New York.

My dear Sir:-

Our Commencement is in February and we have so much
on hand that I do not think it best to undertake Mr. Dow.

Yours truly,

(dictated)

(apt. 10th Cav'y., U.S.A.,
Supt.)

VOL. 27

197

In reply to:

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., January 12th, 1895.

Capt. John Bigelow, Jr., U. S. A.,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Boston, Massachusetts.

My dear Captain:-

I have quite a collection of Indian lantern slides and will send you a small assortment from which you can select such as you may need. I also send you several of my reports and other utterances from which you may glean a few notions to use and also send you some contrast pictures, as you request. The photographs and lantern slides can be returned as you suggest. In the lantern slides you will find a few camp scenes and some distinguished Indians of different tribes. These you can use as preliminary, to be followed by Carlisle students, shops, etc. The Carlisle set is incomplete by reason of a recent disaster: my Assistant Superintendent took a lantern and slides on a trip west and finding them cumbersome he packed them up and sent them back and was not careful in the packing so that many were broken. But you will find a number to suit your purpose, I think.

The greatest feature of Carlisle is the "outing system,"

VOL. 27

198

Capt. John Bigelow, page 3.

that is, the placing of our students in families generally
during vacation but also quite largely throughout the school period
when they attend the public schools. From a small beginning of
sixteen so placed in 1880 we have come to place out about 600
each year. During the vacation months we send out every student
whom we can spare from the necessary work here at the school. All
receive wages and being separated from other Indians and living
in the family and being thus subject to the constant English
speaking and manners of our life they take on civilization and
learn the English language very rapidly, so that it is a marvelous
change to us that comes over the students while out from us
during the few months of the summer. Besides this they earn pocket
money which enables them to buy additional clothing and some
luxuries during the winter. It also gives them the opportunity
to attend the various entertainments that pass through Carlisle,
such as lectures, etc. At various times they have been kind
enough to give me considerable sums for the erection of buildings::
nearly $2000.00 at one time to help erect the large boys' quarters,
at another time $4000.00 towards a gymnasium, and they are just
now raising $2500.00 more to make an addition to the gymnasium, for
which I hope to secure $2500.00 more from some other quarter. When
an Indian Agent in the Northwest appealed to the country for help
for his starving Indians I submitted the case to the students and
they at once gave me $500.00, so that the telegraphed on the 11th of

VOL. 27

Capt. John Bigelow, Jr., page 3.

February, I read his telegram to the pupils at noon on the 12th and at 3 o'clock that day he had the $500.00 I telegraphed to purchase the supplies. It may be interesting to say, too, that the failures from laziness and incompatibility and other causes to give satisfaction when thus out at work have not been at any time above five per cent, and latterly not more than 2 1/2 and 3 per cent. During the fifteen years we have had about 4100 students out under our outing system and the total earnings have been about $160,000.00.

These facts I have constantly submitted to the authorities but until very recently they have not made the impression they ought. To me they are most momentous and they will from your western experience appear so to you.

I enclose to you a copy of a letter I wrote to the Department on the 19th and also a copy of a circular issued by the Indian Department on the 21st of December, approved by the Secretary of the Interior on the 26th of December. While the document bears no evidence of being inspired by my letter I have the assurance of the Commissioner that such is the case.

That the difficulties in Indian education are mostly imaginary and arise from false methods is now becoming pretty well understood. Environment is undoubtedly at the foundation of past failures and is the important feature of recent success. My School Physician is a full blooded Apache Indian,— you have a lantern slide of him.

199

VOL. 27

Capt. John Bigelow, Jr., page 4.

We have upwards of fifty tribes and just now are getting near
800 in the number of our students; representing, as you see, almost
all of the tribes and of course all varieties of tribal character.

It may be interesting, too, to note that with education has
come a wonderful change in health conditions. There were ten
days within the last three weeks in which there was only one of
our number sick in the hospital. I have found the gymnasium,
physical training, gymnastics and calisthenics better than doctors.

I trust that these few notions, together with what you may
get from the documents, may serve your purpose, and request an early
return of the lantern slides as we are likely to need them at any
time.

I congratulate you most heartily upon the marked distinction
shown you by your detail to such an important and distinguished
institution. I know well how much it means of work and planning
but all the better for you:-"strength to strength," you know. The
same time in a smaller institution would mean a smaller man at the
end of the tour.

VOL. 27

<table><tr><td>RePLY to:</td></tr></table>

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Gen. Chas. H. Howard,

Editor "Farm, Field and Fireside,"

Madison and Franklin Streets,
Chicago, Illinois.

My dear General:-

I feel complimented by your kindly estimate of the picture sent out by Miss Burgess, the Editor of the little "Helper," and to replace the torn one I send you the photograph from which the picture is taken and also another copy of the print.

We are getting on probably as well or even better than we could expect from the oppressive conditions that exist throughout the country and from the treatment of such a Congress. We have 730 students, are making progress and have better health than ever before. The legal difficulties thrown in the way of our getting children have not prevented us entirely from securing attendance but have operated materially against complete success. The nonsense of requiring parents to appear before the Agent and give consent, evidence of which must go to Washington to the Department, has obstructed or we should have had 800 to 850 now. But better conditions, I am sure, will prevail when the next Congress takes hold. Republican Congress says: "Compulsory education"

VOL. 27

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., January 15th 1895.

Odin R. Edwards,

My dear Mr. Edwards:-

In order to make out proper Government voucher I must
have a separate receipt for the last treatment Albert Mulligan
received from you. I enclose receipt for $25.00 covering treatment
for Albert Mulligan, $16.00; James Perry, $5.00 and Albert Hensley,
$2.00, and will ask you to please send me a separate receipt under
the same date as this original receipt for the treatment of
Albert Mulligan.

By giving this your prompt attention you will greatly oblige,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa.: January 17th 1895.

J. L. Borsch & Co.,
1324 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia.

Gentlemen:-

Referring to my letter to you of January 15th you will see that I asked you to kindly send me the receipted bill for a glass eye bought from you in July for one of my pupils, Albert Mulligan- this to replace a lost bill. Today I receive from you a bill, not receipted, for one glass eye for Albert Mulligan on Sept. 17th at $7.00, and for this I hold you receipt marked"paid Sept. 22nd." I very much need the receipted till for the first glass eye secured from you for Albert Mulligan in July and will ask you to kindly send me this receipted bill in envelope herewith, by return mail. It is important I have this for Government voucher.

VOL. 27

Carlisle, Pa., January 19th 1895.

Chihuahua,

Fort Sill, O. T.

My dear Friend:-

I was pleased to receive your letter and to have your
kind expressions towards me.

I was sorry to send Thomas home sick, but sickness and
death come to us all sometime and nothing we can do can avoid
these. We can, however, learn to take better care of our health
and this your children will learn in school, and by the training
and knowledge they receive there can become stronger men and women.

Carlisle is still growing and now has sixty more pupils than
she had at this time last year. We are paying special attention
this year to gymnasium work and the health of the pupils is much
better than ever before. For ten days within the last three weeks
we have had only one pupil sick in the hospital, and among so large
a number that is remarkable.

With good wishes for you, I am,

Your friend,

VOL. 27

207

In reply to:

Miss Florence Miller,
Poplar, Montana.

Dear Florence:-

I was very glad to receive a letter from you from your
distant field of labor and to know from it just how you are getting
along. I always follow with much interest all the pupils that
go out from Carlisle, especially the graduates. It is gratifying
to know that you keep up your interest in Carlisle and that you feel
the bond of sympathy with the pupils who have been at Carlisle.
Thank you for the news you give of our old pupils. Please remember
me to them all when you see them.

We are beginning to make our preparations for Commencement and
expect as usual to have a big time this year. The school is full
now and we have over sixty more pupils than we had at this time last
year.

Belinda Archiquette has just arrived this morning with ten pupils
from Oneida, among them Cecilia Metoxen and her sister, - Rosy did
not return. Belinda is looking very well.

I hope you will write to me from time to time and tell me of
yourself. With best wishes for you always, I am,
your friend,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Stephen Reuben,

Lapwai Agency, Idaho.

Dear Stephen:-

I have your letter of the 7th and am glad to know of your
welfare from it.

I congratulate you upon the arrival of your little daughter.

One of our wagons made here at the school would cost you
$65.00 and then the freight for such a long distance would cost you
about $35.00 or $40.00 more, making almost $100.00 by the time it
reached you. I am unable to tell just what the freight would be
but I have reckoned that it would be about the amounts I have named.

We are beginning to make our preparations for Commencement and
with this and the regular school work we are very busy. The School
is getting along very well this year, we have sixty more pupils now
than we had at this time last year and hope to have even more before
the winter is over.

With best wishes for you, I am,

Your friend,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa. Jan. 22nd, 1895.

To Whom It May Concern:-

The bearer, W. H. Hailman, son of

Dr. W. N. Hailman, Supt. of Indian Schools, is a young man whom I know to be of rare personal and excellent business qualities and I cheerfully commend him to those who may be needing the service of a person of his attainments, other and ample evidence of which, together with testimonials from those who have employed him, he will present in person.

VOL. 27

213

In reply to:

B. B. Comegeys,

Prest. Plila, National Bank,
Philadelphia.

My Dear Mr. Comegeys:-

This will be handed to you by my young
friend W. H. Hailman, son of Dr. Hailman, Supt. of all our Indian
schools. Mr. Hailman has been helping his father in the Indian
service but is not satisfied with the uncertain and monotonous
routine of Gov. clerkships and wishes to return to regular business
desiring for family reasons to locate in the east. I formed a very
high opinion of Mr. Hailman's personal and business qualities
during the past year and believe him to be not only entirely
reliable but capable of giving the best satisfaction to any
business which he himself may feel willing to undertake.

Sincerely Yours,

VOL. 27

214

Mr. Jno. Converse,

Baldwin Locomotive Works,
Philadelphia.

Dear Mr. Converse:-

The bearer, W. H. Hailman, is a son of
Dr. W. N. Hailman, Supt. of our Indian Schools. He has been
creditably connected as an employe with large business interests
in the west, but came east to accept a position in the Government
Service with his father who was recently appointed to his present
position. After a years trial the young man is satisfied that it
would be far better for him to work out his destiny in, general
business rather than fall under the monotongus routine of a Gov.
clerkship. I have known quite a little of him during the past year
and have realized that he has great excellence of character and
most useful qualities as a clerk. As he would like to be connected
with some great manufacturing establishment and thinking it possible
you might need such help I venture to write this letter, in the full
assurance that I can give Mr. Hailman most unqualified endorsement.

VOL. 27

To apply to:

Mr. Robert C. Ogden,

Grand Depot,
Philadelphia.

My Dear Mr. Ogden:-

Dr. Hailman, Supt. of Indian Schools, has a son, a young man whom I have met repeatedly and of whom I have formed a very high opinion. After a brief experience in Government Service the young man is satisfied that his best interests will be served by returning to outside business. He has most excellent, testimonial from previous employers and it is plain that he could return to employment in the west, but for family reasons he desires to locate in the east. He would like to connect himself with some business where he could remain and grow into and become a part of the business. He will present himself to you and thinking it might be possible his services might find location and development with you, I write this letter. I can only say that if you want such a man, my judgement is that he is just the man you want.

Yours Sincerely,

VOL. 27

Carlisle, Pa. Jan. 23rd, 1895.

Dear Julia:-

I am in receipt of a note from Charles Buck in which he requests the privilege to correspond with you. My feeling is that since you went to the Hosp. to devote yourself to acquiring a knowledge of the profession you have chosen, it is best that you have as few outside interests as possible and have written him that on these grounds I withhold my approval of his request.

I trust you are getting on pleasantly in your new field; you must let us hear from you occasionally.

Your friend,

Miss Julia Long.

VOL. 27

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER

C. M. Ober, Sec., etc.

Room #609, Association B'd'g.

Chicago, Ill.

My dear Brother:-

Dr. Eastman has spent a week with us most
agreeable to all. He gave four addresses before the School and
met the Y. M. C. A. boys and other students between times.
I was specially pleased to see his apparent good health and to
hear the good sense his experience has brought him in the Indian
service. He realizes, as all must, that look the question squarely
in the face and from a broad standpoint that the destruction of
the tribe and the Reservation only will save. We must build out
and not in.

We should be glad to see the Dr. here at any time.

VOL. 27

Carlisle, Pa. Jan. 23rd, '93.

Mrs. Mable L. R. Given,
Chickasaws, I. T.

My dear Mrs. Given:-

We are all so very, very sorry to hear of the
great misfortune that has come to you in the loss of your house.

How I wish I could help you in some way, but I simply cannot.

I am greatly hedged about and hampered.

I send by this mail the only picture we have on hand of Joshua.

Yours Most Sincerely,

218

VOL. 27

Carlirose, Pa. Jan. 23rd, 1895.

No. Muddleson,

Ogden, Ind.

My Dear Friends:-

I am already somewhat numbered with married
employees who live in anticipation of employment for the members
of their families. Unfortunately in Civil Service it is not
possible to guard against such accumulations, so that taken in
connection with the apprehension I have about yourself, it seems
to me the part of good friendship to you and to myself as well to
say that we had better drop the matter of your returning to Carlirose
in your case I am sure all you say for Mrs. Huddleson is warranted
and that she would be perfectly capable of rendering good service,
both room and the need are wanting.

219

VOL. 27

2

BLURRED TEXT

In re: Petition to the Department of the Interior, Indian School Service, for leave to appeal

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 24th, 1906,

Dr. M. M. Gates,

Pres. Amherst college,

Amherst,

Dear Sirs, Doctor:

I enclose a note from Mr. Twedale, Chief Clerk of the War Department, giving addresses of three officers, whom I think you could write to confidentially, and who I believe would give you pointers. Capt. Brown is the officer who made several rejections, and Capt. Sharpe wrote me lately that the attributed his relief from Agency duty to his rejection of beef at Tongue River.

Enclosed find several copies of the circular which endorses my cutting system by adopting it in the Department. Somewhat there was unusual difficulty in getting copies of it. I had an hour's conference with the Secretary at his house the night before leaving, and he affirmed the greatest loyalty to Carlisle and intention to sustain it, but thought the Schools that had been built up close to the Reservations, were not doing their work, and ought to be abolished. I did what I could to prevent the abolition of several such schools at the time of starting them, but the town site booming crane was on and there was no standing in front of it.

VOL. 27

In early May

Carlisle, Pa., Jan 23rd, 1896.

Dr. B. G. Northrop,

ClintonCal.

My Dear Doctor:

How I do envy you, your trip to Japan. You know
Mrs. Pratt and I were there six years ago, it was the event of
our lives. We were greatly disappointed that we did not take in
Honolulu. Your excellent work for the young Japanese, will give
me and of friendly entertainment. No nation in the world that I know
anything about, can excel them in politeness and in cordial
remembrance, and kind treatment of helping friends. Mr. and Mrs.
Morris, with whom we made the trip, have been great friends of the
Japanese in America, and they were constantly recipients of regal
hospitality throughout the whole of their stay in the Flowery
Kingdom.

Wishing you every pleasure and profit from your
trip, I am Dear Doctor, as ever,

Faithfully yours,

222

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., January 23rd, 1895.

Mr. A. K. Smiley,

Lake Mohonk,

New York.

My Dear Mr. Smiley:

I shall be glad to receive the additional
$200 that may come to us from the Lake Mohonk fund, at any time
you care to send it.

I have just added one more to my list of pupils
in advanced schools, Miss Belinda Achequette, who graduated most
excellently last year, and has been at home in Wisconsin since .
She very much desires to attend a Normal School for a year or two
when she may better fit herself for teaching, and I have agreed,
on the strength of your kindness, to stand behind her for her
expenses. She will probably enter the School at West Chester, Pa.,
where our Miss Nellie Robertson, also one of our pupils, is nearing
graduation.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT

Carlisle, Pa., Jan 24th, 1895.

J. E. H. Haynes,

Delhi, Ind.

My Dear John:

I have been intending to write you for many days,
ever since the receipt of your letter of December 27th, but I have
been very much over-loaded, and have not been able to pull myself
into shape, and now use my shorthand man, since I donot wish to
defer longer.

Your letter was not only a surprise, but a most
agreeable one and I thank you for it. Life has brought many cares
which have advanced me and lifted me up, but I think often, and
esteem most highly my boyhood associations, and among them all,
yours stands out among them conspicuously. How I wish I were
entitled to all you attribute to me.

I amglad to know your boys appreciate the Helper. It
is a great Traveller, it goes to China, Japan? Siam, India,
throughout Europe, and all over the United States and Canada,
and Mexico and Guatemala. It has over ten thousand subscribers, and

VOL. 27

In order to

seems to be greatly appreciated everywhere. We started it as a
little new-carrier to students out from the School, and those who
have returned to their homes, and you see how it has grown. We have
many requests to make it larger and charge more, but we have not
done so, because we could see that it would be more helpful as it is.

I got a newspaper account of the death of our good brother
Bowman. What a grand life he led, notwithstanding all its
simplicity and quietness. He sent me some messages two or three
years ago by one of my employees, who lectured in his town, that
were very pleasant to receive.

I should be greatly pleased to have a visit from you, and have
you see our seven hundred and odd students at work.

Cordially yours,

225

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226

To comply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan 24th, 1995.

Dr. W. H. Winslowe,

Fort Shaw, Mont.

My Dear Doctor:

What you say about Catholicism and a thousand times more is true. The other day the nominations of Assistant Commissioner, Inspector and Agent were made, all were Catholics. They are stirring heaven and earth in the Indian Bill, hoping to end Carlisle, and more firmly establish and further extend the Catholic schools. The Indian Committee of the House to avoid the conflict, left out of the Indian Bill, all the Catholic Schools heretofore named therein, and enlarged the general sum, giving authority to the Department to enter into contract with the same schools, but only for eighty per cent for the ensuing year of the Contracts for this year. This does not suit the Catholic Members and there is a hard fight on hand. There will be no fighting in the next Congress. Things will go right the other way.

Patience, my Dear Doctor, and all will be well. I am sure. Wishing you every success, and hoping that you will write me again and especially of anything I ought to know on this line, I am,

Faithfully yours,

VOL. 27

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Jan 23rd, 1895.

Hubble Bighorse,

Segar, okLAhoma.

My Dear Hubbles

I found your letter of January 13th on my return
from quite an absence in Washington and am indeed very glad to
hear from you. I have often wondered why you did not write to me
and had I done anything to make you less than my of your friends.
I was at your Agency in November and met quite a good many of the
Carlisle students. I did not meet you, however. It is a great
pleasure to me always to hear of the bright success of Carlisle
students, and when you tell me of your prosperity, I am greatly
pleased. While I was at the Cheyenne Agency, Captain Wilson told me
of his intention to bring about a distribution of ulcers, seeds
etc. I see, since coming back that the Department favors it, so
that you will probably get, sometime this Spring, some help in
that direction. Your letter, throughout, exhibits the right spirit,
and if the Cheyennes all felt as you do, and very considerable, the
Cheyennes problem would be ended. So far as I could see, the boys
and girls who had been away at School, and particularly at Carlisle,
were the best prepared to meet the difficulties coming from there
being thrown in such close contact and competition with the white

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228

In reply to:

OFFICE OF SUBSECRETARY

-2-

race.

Little Sue is doing well and I am hopeful that he will march forward and become a man of worth and ability. I should be glad to have you write to me and give him all the encouragement you can from time to time, and you can do that, because, you have been here and you have been at home, and I know the value of the education and training we give at Carlisle.

I can send you a set of our best harness, but it will cost you sixteen Dollars, and you will have to pay the freight on it. I might send it to you in an old trunk, so that it would not cost you more than $16.00, of if the Agent can get the authorities at Washington to let me to send you a set, free, I shall be glad to do that and the wagon too.

I have given orders to have Little Sue's picture taken and sent you, and have told him that you are looking after his mother.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

Jan 23rd, 1895.

Od. M. R. Edwards,

Philadelphia, Pa.

My Dear Mr. Edwards:

I am greatly relieved and pleased to have such encouraging reports of Frank's condition, as I find from you on my return from Washington. Frank himself writes very happily, and I am led to believe that he is greatly indebted to the kind and skillful treatment you have given for his recovery.

Yours cordially,

Carlisle, Pa., Jan 23rd, 1895.

Mr. W. H. Banner,

York, Pa.

My Dear Sir:

I am quite unable to indulge in the luxury of one of your pictures.

Yours sincerely,

229

VOL. 27

In sepa r e to:

General C. H. Howard,

Chicago, Ill.

Dear General:

I send you copy of my letter of December 19th, and
a copy of the Department Circular, by which you will see that at
last there is a wakening up of the Department. You know and I know
that frontier outing is and must be a flat failure. Massy was
practically as good a Superintendent as Haskell ever had, and he
had to acknowledge the impossibility of making outing a success of
Kansas. The tenacity with which these Western people hold on to the
Indians, simply and wholly that public money may be carted into
Western Districts, is really the greatest hindering cause just now.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan 24th, 1893.

Geo. B. Hodges,

New York, Pa.

Dear Sir:

My time and faculties are so by the duties resting upon
me, that it is impossible for me to answer the many elaborate
questions in yours of January 4th were I fully able to do so.
Most of them are beyond my ken. I never felt as much before as I
do now, how the great wisdom of the wise man who, said "IN making
many books there is no end and much study is a weariness to the
flesh."

My principal teacher sends me a partial memorandum, which
may possibly, in some way and measure, answer your inquiries.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

In apply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Dr. Lyman Abbott,

Brooklyn, N.Y.

Dear Doctors:

It has been arranged that you give your lecture in our Chapel at the School on the night of the 26th February. I especially want you to stay over, if possible, and talk fifteen or twenty minutes, at the time of the graduation exercises on the 26th. This is a good deal of time to take from a busy man, but remember Doctor that Carlisle is more than fifteen years old, and you have not been here yet. I want you to know us here at Carlisle.

I have arranged for your lecture out here, because we have got about the best hall in the town, and it will afford all our larger and more intellectual pupils an opportunity to hear you. At the same time we shall open the doors and expect a good audience from Carlisle.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT, ETC.

Jan 23rd, 1895.

Mr. James L. Orr,

Middletown, Ohio.

My Dear Sir:

The line of Indian information you ask for is not
concentrated in any thing that I know of. The best publications
on the subject are by Major Powell of the Bureau of Ethnology. If
you write to Major J.W.Powell, he can possibly supply you with
what you need.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Mrs. Susan Pequongay,

Gil's Pier, Mich

My Dear Mrs. Pequongay:

I am greatly pained to receive the sad
news brought by your letter. Dear Lenk was always so gentle and kind
and polite here, that we esteemed him very highly. I am so glad to
know that he gave evidence of being a Christian, and had his hopes
so well established for the great beyond.

Please accept the affectionate condolences of all
of us at Carlisle in your great bereavement.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

In sepa rate:

Mr/Martine Vallo,

Cubero, New Mexico.

My Dear Martino:

I got your letter and am glad to hear from you again. Glad to know that you are getting on, and am also glad that you remember Carlisle and who live here. You Speak of Mrs. Vallo. Glad to know that there is a Mrs. Vallo and that things go so well with you.

I hope you saw Mr. Standing when he was down at
Laguna. The School gets on very well indeed. We have a great many
more children than we had last year. Our Commencement is to be the
last two days of February. It will be a great pleasure to see
many of our old Students, who have been back home for a time, here
with us. I suppose that is not possible. I hope the time will come
when our Students will be so advanced and so well off, that they
can return to Carlisle now and then, and be present at our Auni-
versaries.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Miss A.M.Seabrook,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Miss Seabrook:

Yours in relation to Miss Ayer came during my absence in Washington last week. Sorry I was not at home to meet her, but I cannot hear that she was on the grounds. Am always glad to see anybody that you can speak so well of.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

Mr. Levi Levering,

Omaha.

My Dear Levi:

A railroad combination has lately been entered into which makes it impossible for us to get anything less than the regular rates over the North-Western Railroads, so that Mrs. Sherman can get a ticket to Carlisle just as cheaply from her Railroad point, as I could get it for her. I am sorry this is so, but so it is and we will have to stand it for a time. I cannot think that it will last long, but it may.

While you are having sickness among your Omahas, we never had better health at Carlisle.

Sincerely your friend,

VOL. 27

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Supt. W. H. Cox,

Fort Sill, Okla.

My Dear Mr. Cox:

I should have written you some time ago, but
there has been a great deal of work placed upon me since my return
from Washington, and much that I would have done has been compelled
to lay.

I have spoken repeatedly of your excellent
School, which to me, is quite the best of any of the Agency Schools
I visited, due as I have said, to your being continued in the same
place, and to the fact that you have the right quality and common
sense. The Indian Future is exceedingly depressing. The records
show that the tribes holding on to a nomadic life are steadily
decreasing in numbers, the Comanches among them. The Reservation
encourages the nomadic condition. There is a halt in the lands
inseveralty movement. While I never expected lands inseveralty to
avail much as a civilizer, still it was the first break in nomadic
life, and opened the road to a more radical breaking away from the
tribe, and to a beginning of individuality.

Am greatly pleased to hear of the continued
success of your School. I should be glad if it could be brought about

VOL. 27

240

to relieve you of any number, as many as fifty or even a hundred,
of your Comanches and Kiowas, but of course under the circumstances
it seems impossible. However, bear it in mind and depend on me for
the opportunity comes.

How very, very foolish the Indians and many of their friends
are in regard to their educations. All their future success depends
on their being able to cope with civilization. How is it possible
for them to learn that except through experience, not on reservation)
ions, but among the whites.

The children here are very well and are extremely glad to
get the money, and I will take care that they spend it wisely and
that it lasts some time. The boy with the bad eye is in the hospital
in Philadelphia, and having a series of operations performed, which
will I trust, restore his eye to almost if not quite, its normal
condition. One of my employees, who saw him recently, says he has
greatly improved. It seems that it is necessary to cut pieces of
skin from one part of his body, to place under the eye, and this is
done in small quantities, and each operation has to be cured before
another is performed, so that it takes time.

Our Commencement occurs on the last two days of February, and
if any of your principal men are coming East about that time, I

VOL. 27

shall be glad to have them here, as last year, especially Quannab,
because of Wanaday needle and Harold. Harold is taking especial
interest in gymnastics, I am very glad.

Mrs. Pratt joins me in cordial regards to you and Mrs. Cox
also to Nellie, and your other employees whom we met.

Cordially your friend,

VOL. 27

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF AGRICULTURERS

Mr. E. R. Booth,

Cincinnati, O.

Dear Sir:

I have had under consideration for some time, your
letter and circular, and herewith return list of questions with
such answers as occurred to me proper from my experience. My work
here at Carlisle for more than fifteen years has been distinctively
different from that of any of the Trade Schools. Having had a
peculiar experience outside of the technical and other Schools of
the Country, I was led by that experience, to adopt our present
system in the beginning, and have followed it throughout. I spent
four years and eight months of my young manhood to learn a trade,
being regularly apprenticed for that purpose. My education was
limited to the common schools of Indiana, and I did not evenreach
the higher departments in them. When the war broke out, I went into
the Army, and passed through the war as an enlisted man and a
commissioned officer, and very soon after was commissioned in the
Regular Army, and spent eight years in the Cavalry Service against
Indians on the frontier. In the establishment of the School here, I
insisted that Indians should learn practically, and not be taught

VOL. 27

theoretical ideas of mechanics. I therefore established regular shops, having a regular mechanic at the head of each.

If you wish me to come to Denver and read a paper on Industrial Training as applied to Indian Schools, I shall be very glad to do that under the terms and conditions contained in your circular, and from my large experience will be able to speak as the representative of my brethen in the Indian Service in this line of education.

Enclosed find three annual reports from which you will glean something of our system.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., January 25th 1895.

Prof. Fletcher Durell,
Dickinson College,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Professor:-

It will serve us just as well to have your lecture on
Wednesday of next week and if that suits you we will arrange
accordingly: of this you can let us know next Sunday.

We will send a conveyance for you so as to have you here at
seven o'clock and the lantern and fixtures will be all ready for
you.

(Dictated)

245

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Madame Marie Decca,
"Villa Decca,"

Harrisburg, Pa.

Dear Madame:--

We should be greatly delighted to have you give us a Song Recital; the only hesitancy I have is the cost. As you know, the Government pays for nothing of the entertainment kind so that we are compelled to foot our own bills on that line. If you will let me know the expense of the Recital and it proves to be not very material, I shall be glad to have you come at such time as you can.

Of course we can take care of your expenses and your entertainment. We shall be glad to do that.

I rejoice to hear of your success.

Yours faithfully,

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPER-INTENDING,

Carlisle, Pa., January 25th 1896.

F. Mattock,

P. O. Box 605,

Harrisburg, Pa.

My dear Sir:-

There has been no period since this school was established
that I have not been antagonized by the Roman Hierarchy. The
artful, underhanded schemes they have adopted to destroy and cripple
us I could not begin to enumerate. They have a stronghold on the
present House of Representatives. Last year they cut off my extra
allowance and reduced my appropriation very materially in the
House but the Senate put back both the appropriation and allowance
but when it came to a conference the allowance was cut off.

Their latest dodge is to spread dissatisfaction among the
Indians where they have no end of Jesuit priests and nuns, most of
whom are foreigners in the United States for a very short time and
unable to speak the English language plainly, but the House of
Representatives takes their statements and opinions before mine.
This, however, as you know, will be changed for the ensuing Congress.

The Indian Bill, which has passed the House cuts off $7,000.00
from our appropriation and otherwise ties my hands, but I am assured

VOL. 27

F. Mattock, page 2.

that these will be straightened out in the senate.

Under the circumstances it does not seem best to me to
encourage any action on the part of my friends, but rather to fight,
as I have all the time, openly and let the case stand on its merits
as it stands before Congress. We shall pull through even if the
cut in our appropriation stands. It is the last desperate cut of
men who have been rejected as legislators and the reaction from
that next year will place us on all the better footing.

I am grateful to you for the offer of your help and I am
especially glad for the existence of your noble society, which I
believe is heaven sent and charged with the greatest responsibility
in connection with the future welfare of our country.

I enclose to you a copy of each of the last issues of "The
Red Man," from which you will gather the situation.

(Dictated)

248

VOL. 27

In reply to:

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., January 26th 1995.

Prof. O. B. Super,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Friend:-

The group with myself in the background are Navajo Indians
from Arizona; the two boys and the girl are, as you surmise, Puebloes
from Laguna, New Mexico.

Yours sincerely,

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

G. H. Pray,

5734 Market Street,
Philadelphia.

Dear Sir:-

I should be glad to have you come over and give us an
entertainment provided there is not much cost. Let me know, please,
what that will be. My letter is herewith returned.

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., January 26th 1895.

The I. DuBois Manufacturing Company,

319 Flatbush Avenue,

Brooklyn, New York.

Gentlemen:-

The shirts ordered through Mr. Kepner are to be open in the back, closed front. I want a good strong shirt, and will leave the lap to your judgment, three eyelets in the bosom. In regard to the increased neck size I have gained seventy pounds in weight since ten years ago.

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Dr. E. B. Palmer,
1420 Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia.

Dear Sir:-

Both Dr. Montezuma and Delos Lonewolf may go to you for
February 7th as you request.

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

H. D. Slater,

Director "Public Opinion,"

Washington, D. C.

Dear Sir:-

I was away from home at the time your letter of the 18th
came.

I will undertake to write a paper of 800 or 100 words sometime
on Indian Education for your Extension Department, as you request.
Please advise me just when you would like to have it.

(Dictated)

VOL. 27

In reply to:

To the President of Eastman Business College,

Poughkeepsie, New York.

Dear Sirs-

Referring to your letter of January 26th I enclose
herewith my check for $25.00 for Harry Kopay. Harry has only
$25.40 to his credit here in the bank so that he will have to be
especially judicious with his money as the amount I now enclose
makes a deficit here for him now of $8.60.

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., January 29th 1896.

Mrs. Katherine Pierce Waters,

1141 Main Street,

Dubuque, Iowa.

My dear Madam:-

I have your letter of the 26th of January and send you
by today's mail a package containing some photographs of our pupils
and a few copies of our school papers and some pamphlets and reports
in which you will find the information you wish in regard to the
experience we have had with the Indians here at this school. We
find no difference between white children and Indian children,
excepting in language and lack of previous opportunity: this is
the universal conclusion reached by our teachers who have had
previous experience in teaching White children. The special trend
of our work here at Carlisle is that the Indians shall not be treated
as a people with peculiar characteristics and so requiring special
laws and treatment. As soon as the Indians acquire a practical
knowledge of our language and modes of civilized living they should
be compelled to become a part of our body politic.

But these ideas with the statement of our methods you will
find elaborated in the papers I send you. I am very glad to send you

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., January 29th 1895.

Captain James E. Pilcher, U. S. A.,

Fort Niagara, Youngstown, N. Y.

My dear Captain Pilcher:-

An attack of the grip has delayed for a few days my answer
to your letter.

I very gladly send you by today's mail a number of pictures
taken by Soule of the Indian Territory Indians, which are good
representations of them in their native state. I also send a
number of school pictures and pamphlets and reports which give
you the Carlisle side. I am glad to send you these and you can
return them, as you suggest, when you are through with them. We
shall be honored to be mentioned in your lectures. Should there
be any further way in which I can help you I shall be glad to do
so.

With kindest regards for yourself and Mrs. Pilcher in which
Mrs. Pratt joins with me, I am,

Yours very truly,

258

VOL. 27

In reply to:

Carliella, Pa., January 30th, 1911

E. G. Hurley,

Matron, Home for Girls,

207 East 12th Street,
New York.

Dear Madam:-

The place for Jennie Martin is not in any home under the care of a motherly, Christian woman of sufficient insight into human nature not to be deceived and who ought to be male example of all that is best in woman. She should not be associated with Indians, - practically she is not an Indian. She belongs to the Anglo-Saxon race and the Indian blood has almost vanished. She is bright and capable and to a certain extent intends to do right, but she is deep, from considerable practice, I think, in her methods, and it is not practicable under the care of an institution to give her the oversight nor to bring her under the constant pressure of right influences sufficient to secure a renovation. Among our girls Jennie was easily a leader because she was at much more intelligent than the most of them. Some good motherly woman who wants a helper about the house and is willing to give in return

VOL. 27