DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., April 4th 1895.

Mr. Samuel W. Purvis,
Dickinson College,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Sirs-

I have yours of yesterday. On Saturday afternoon part of our best basketball team go to Harrisburg to play with the League Base-ball Team. Saturday is a time off for our students so that without special arrangement and some inconvenience we could not give you a basket-ball game then. But our boys play several games almost every night and if it were convenient for you to come out at 8.30 either this, Thursday, evening, or tomorrow, Friday, evening you could witness a game or two by our best teams, and we should be pleased to have any number of students or members of the faculty of Dickinson College at any of our gymnastic exercises.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa. April 4th, 1895.

Editor of the Republican,

Scranton, Pa.

Dear Sir:

A friend sends me an editorial clipping from your paper of March 16th, expressing the wish that the writer of the Editorial could visit Carlisle and learn by practical observation that some of his statements are not warranted by the facts.

I shall be pleased to welcome the writer of the article to the School and to show him that there are Indians who have aspirations after other than savage life, and if he can understand the conditions of the system under which the Indian has labored in the past, and see the operation of a different system as we do, he would in all probability think some-what differently.

Diktated to H. K.

59

VOL. 28

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Ganfield, Pa., April 1st, 1995.

Porey, Eadoka, Esq.,
Gowonda, N. Y.

Dear Porey:

When are you going to stop your downward course? I hear during the year, from many quarters of your way, and know of your influence upon our out students. I do not wish to be concerned to take you in hand after all those years, but, if you keep on, that record will follow. I shall have to proceed against you, as I would proceed against any white man's indulgence of such interference and conduct.

Distributed to H. K.

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., April 6th 1995.

A. P. Funkhouser, Esq.,
Harrisonburg, Va.

My dear Sirs:

You have evidently misunderstood what I said in regard to the band. The boys can go out on farms during the busy season, for two and a half and three months, and receive as much as $15.00 to $20.00 each per month, and it is safe to say they can count on an average of $50.00 for the summer. Of course if they could earn the same amount by playing, it is a fair subject for consideration, with chances in favor of the music. But to earn $15.00 or $20.00 for only one month would hardly cover the situation, because they could not then find occupation for the time preceding and succeeding. If they go out on farms they must go for the whole time or not at all.

It would be possible for as many as twenty to make a good showing as a band, but they would have to be cared for, fed and lodged, and would have to have as much as $60.00 each.

I do not see how it is possible to reach the cost, and yet you may be able to.

Dictated to H.K.
N.

Yours truly,

69

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71

Carlisle, Pa., April 6th 1896.

N. B. Rairden,

Y. M. C. A. Building,
Omaha, Nebraska.

Dear Sir:-

What bothers me is that you do not show any disposition to rectify the lie you told about Martha Napawat, nor are you manly enough to give names.

I do not see now, after re-reading the correspondence, that I have faltered you in any respect. All your positions are covered under the quotation "Evangelizing the Parents and Future Associates."

I care not how respectable your standing, nor who your friends, nothing that you have yet said makes me care to know you further.

If the coloring of your platform remarks is the same as that in your newspaper article, and it is evident it must be, these remarks will only harm the Indian cause.

Yours truly,

Sept.

(Dictated)

N.

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., April 9th 1883.

Prof. Fletcher Durell,
Dickinson College,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Professor:-

(Diated)
N.

VOL. 28

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa. April 10th, 1895.

Hon. W. A. Haltman,

Supt. of Indian Schools,
Washington, D. C.

Sirt

Referring to your letter of the 8th inst, in regard to a paper to be prepared by myself for one of the Institutes of the coming summer; I have to say that I am willing to prepare such a paper if desired, but do not wish to convey the idea that I will be present in person at the Institute, as such is not at all likely to be the case so far as I can see at present.

If events should shape themselves so that I could be, Eliza would be my choice, as it was the scene of my first efforts in the Indian School work,

VOL. 28

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., April 10th 1903.

Mr. Mary A. Smith,
Indian School,

Best Pierre, South Dakota.

Mr. Mary A. Smith-

I have years about Spencer and Spencer himself has been to see me. Just now is the crucial time in Spencer's life. My judgment is that he should by all means stick to Carlisle until he graduates. The maturity and added education he will then have will send him out into the world fairly well equipped and with his somewhat standing quality he will almost surely succeed. If he does not succeed now it will weaken his stick-to-stickener and will lead to insubordination of purpose. I will hold him to it here explicitly. In regard to his attending school all day, it is not best. We have tried it over and over again and there is little additional gain, not enough to compensate for the loss in industrial training. I think between us we can guide him very well. He seems to me always ready to do the right thing when he is convinced what that right thing is.

In regard to the boy there with you who wants to come to Carlisle if Superintendent Davis can make the transfer and will

84

83

In re: p. W.

Carlisle, Pa., April 10th 1895.

W. P. Hawes,

Linden Place,

Orange, New Jersey.

Dear Sirs-

Your letter of the 7th to my Miss Burgess is handed to me
in reference to the inquiry as to whether our students are educated
entirely at Government expense or whether we have scholarships. In
answer to that inquiry I have to say that the Government appropriates
for about 540 students at the rate of $107 each, and some additional
for expense of transportation and repairs and improvements to
buildings. On this appropriation I carry about 200 more than the
Governments allows, principally by economy of management and by keeping
about 100 out in the public schools and making them take care of
themselves, and partly also by donations. We have never fixed a
price, preferring that the monies received should go into a general
fund for general use instead of special use. Experience has
demonstrated that where individuals take up a student too often in
the correspondence and in wanting to have the student come before
the people and talk there was a real injury done to the student in
the exageration of the importance of his little knowledge. We have

VOL. 28

a number of students who are provided for in whole or in part by private individuals and societies. The total average cost of our students is not far from $150.00 per annum, including everything.

Trusting this may be the information you seek, I am,

Yours sincerely,

(Dictated)
N.

Capt. 10th Cav'y., U.S.A.,

Sept.

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., April 10th 1905.

E. C. Deyo,

Comanche Mission,

Fort Sill, Oklahoma.

Dear Sir:-

Replying to yours of the first I am sorry to inform you that we have had very few Comanches in this School and have none now here that would at all serve your purpose. I would suggest that William Tivis could serve you well if you can re-capture him. He is a graduate of Carlisle and I have seen him interpreting for the Indians with success. He is somewhere on the Fort Sill reservation.

(Dictated)
N.

Capt. 10th Cav'y., U.S.A.,

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In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., April 10th 1896.

Rev. W. J. Houck,

Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Brother Houck:-

I want to help you ten times as much as I can, but unfortunately I am cramped in my own affairs by reason of having lost the extra compensation I have heretofore received, and because I have not only used my own means, but all that came to me, in the work in which I have been engaged for the last fifteen years. I feel almost ashamed to send you so small a donation but with it goes my heartiest good wishes and earnest prayer that your necessities may more successfully come before those who are better able to help.

(Dictated)
N.

87

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., April 16th 1895.

Hon. A. W. Milleisen,
State Senate,
Harrisburg, Pa.

Dear Senator:--

A note from Mr. Rhey this morning informs me of the meeting of your Committee today at three o'clock. Our people here have felt, after reading the bills proposed, that there was prospectively little hope of our securing what we esteem necessary during this session of the legislature. It would seem to be important that any proposal coming before the legislature should be well canvassed by those knowing the needs of the State and a systematic and general effort throughout the whole State be made, and of course there is no time to do that now.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

89

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., April 19th 1895.

Mr. John M. Rhey,
State Senate,
Harrisburg, Pa.

My dear Mr. Rhey:-

I thank you for your note of this morning. The time,
however, between the receipt of your note and the departure of the
train it was necessary to take in order to see the Committee was so
limited that I could hardly have accomplished it.

In talking over the matter with Captain Miller we had spoken
of writing out such law as we deemed best and getting the
Committee to substitute it, but there was this general feeling, that
success could only be brought about by an organized effort reaching
those interested throughout the State, and that of course could not
be done this session. For my own part, being not directly in the
affairs of the State, I feel somewhat extraneous in the matter.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Mrs. Elizabeth Grinnell,
Pasedena, California.

My dear Mrs. Grinnell:-

Thanks for your genial note. How just like you it is!

That horse-back ride will be a tremendous temptation, and Mrs.
Pratt would boil over with delight at the prospect of a drive in the
Doctor's jinricksha. I am sorry to say that it seems best to
abandon the contemplated trip. Just let I shall do personally I
do not know. But if I can I am going to get off in the Rockies
and have a few weeks with old Dame Nature and the trout.

Marion, Guy and the children are coming in next month to spend
several weeks and we are expecting to have a jolly good time with
the grandchildren. After that I want to go to the west, possibly
about the first of July, for a good, square outing.

Coppock's experience is being repeated in the case of almost
every good superintendent in the Indian service. The papers in the
case of one of the best agency superintendents I ever met come to
me this morning, showing that he has been ejected on the most
frivolous grounds.

I wish you had ten thousand and would send it along just about

VOL. 28

91

Mrs. Elizabeth Grinnell, page 2.

now, I could make things better. There are several improvements I have begun mind for a number of years, and which I would be glad to add just now.

Is there any trout fishing back in your mountains and when is the best time?

Mrs. Pratt and Nona join with me in most cordial remembrances
to the Doctor, yourself and the children.

(Dictated)

N.

VOL. 28

Carlsle, Pa., April 10th 1895.

Mr. L. F. Gardner, Secretary,
Eastman Business College,
Poughkeepsie, New York.

My dear Sir:-

I am obliged to you for the very complimentary notice of
Harry Kohpay contained in yours of the 8th. I have endeavored to
use Harry in my own work but find the errors and omissions so
multitudinous as to make it quite entirely impracticable for me
to use him. I am, however, using him temporarily in my office in
copying with the pen, which he does neatly and correctly.

(Dictated)
N.

Sept. 10th Cav'y., U.S.A.,

Supt.

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VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa.; April 10th 1895.

T. B. Patton,

Gen. Supt. Penna. Industrial Reformatory,
Huntingdon, Pa.

My dear Sir:-

I have placed the matter of your sending a car load of
bones to the Cumberland County Fertilizer Co. before Mr. D. B.
Stevick, one of the directors of the Company, and he advises that
Mr. Sollenberger, the Superintendent, is not at home at present
but will be in a few days. He will then call his attention to the
matter. Mr. Stevick says if the bones have been received and not
paid for they will be paid for in a few days. Should this matter
not be attended to within a reasonable time I would suggest that you
write to Mr. D. B. Stevick who is entirely responsible. But I have
no doubt Mr. Sollenberger will be entirely able to satisfactorily
explain the mistake.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

Is it likely to be

Warren F. Kellogg, Publisher,

6 Park Square,

Boston, Mass.

Dear Sir:-

I have yours of the 8th in reference to the 350 magazines
left over. I felt when you asked me to pay you 20¢ each for the
500 that the price was rather high, inasmuch as "The Cosmopolitan,"
which is really a very fine magazine, can be bought at the counters
for 12 1/2¢. Still I paid you what you asked. Had you said 15¢
or less I would have taken 1000. Could you now make in the new
deal for what you have left a rate of 15¢ all around covering those
I have received and what you have, that is to say, I should be
allowed a credit of $25.00 on the 500 and then pay 15¢ each for the
350 and I would send you my check for $27.50?

(Dictated)
N.

Capt. 10th Cav'y., U.S.A.,

Supt.

94

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., April 10th 1995.

Andrew Beard,

Good Will, South Dakota.

Dear Andrew:-

It seemed to me when you left Carlisle that the best thing
would be for you to go home and take up such work as you could do
until you regained your health. If the work was not too heavy I
think Pine Ridge would be just as good a place, and perhaps a little
better, than Sisseton. I can hardly be trusted to advise you with-
out knowing all the circumstances and you have not written very
fully, but if I understand your letter rightly the above would be
my advice.

Things are going on nicely with us here. One hundred and five
boys left for country homes a week ago last Saturday and
yesterday sixty girls started for the country, and there are more
to follow until we shall have out over four hundred as usual. I got
up early and went down to see the girls off and I thought I never
saw a happier car load of people than the girls who filled the car
going to Philadelphia.

Your friend,

(Dictated)

N.

95

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Apr. 13th, 1895.

Chauncey Yellow Robe,
Indian School, Santee Agency,
Nebraska.

Dear Chauncey :-

I have yours of the 7th, which only reached me today.
Strange that a letter should be six days in travelling between us.

I heard of your stop in Chicago through Luzena Chouteau.
I am sorry you had another stop at Springfield.

I trust your new duties are settling down upon you comfortably, and that you will find your life at Santee pleasant and helpful to yourself as well as to others. You now have a good chance to make good use of all you have gathered in at Carlisle during your long stay with us.

I shall be very glad to receive your account of how matters are going along among the Indians at Santee. They have long been counted among the most progressive of our Indians, and I have been anxious to visit them; but never having done so, your letter about them will be all the more interesting.

With cordial remembrance from all,

96

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., April 13th 1895.

Mrs. Alvah H. Boyer,
Harrisburg, Pa.

Dear Madam:-

My daughter tells me of your call in regard to giving us
your series of lectures on "The Pre-historic Races of America."
Many of our pupils have left us for the summer and we do not feel
that we can afford to undertake the course of lectures you present.

N.

99

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Mrs. W. P. Campbell,

Sisseton Agency, South Dakota.

My dear Mrs. Campbell:-

I wrote you sometime ago that it is not best for us to
get a party from Sisseton just now. I still feel so. I understand
the situation pretty well and think it is the part of wisdom not
to get the party now.

Mr. Campbell reports his outlook quite favorable, of which I
am very glad to hear.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Wm. F. Campbell, Attorney, etc.,
White Earth, Minnesota.

Dear William:-

I do not see how it is practicable for me to let Mary
Beauleau go home until she has been her the regular time. Every
break in the rule opens the door for another and I have to stand
here and hold my hand on the throttle all the time or else things
would go to pieces and there would soon be no Carlisle. I would
of course be glad to oblige you but it is not best. The pestering
you get is infinitesimal as comparred with what I get. But yet I
must stem the flood and must continue to do so or give up entirely.

We shall be glad to see you here at some of our Commencement
occasions and to hear you before the alumni. Perhaps it will come
to that after while but I fear not in my time.

I wish, William, you could help me out on the money matters
soon.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

<table><tr><td>In reply to:</td></tr></table>

Carlisle, Pa., April 13th 1995.

Prof. W. B. Lindsay,
Dickinson College,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Professor:-

I have talked with the nurse, Miss Barr, and with Delia herself and it seems as though ten dollars would be about the pay Delia should have for the time she was with you.

I am greatly pleased that you have found her so useful and can speak so confidently of her future.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

C. J. Johnson,

77 Clark Street,

Chicago, Illinois.

Dear Sir:-

I am thinking of taking twenty of my people and friends and going to Chicago the latter part of June or the first of July and taking a tourist sleeper from that point going to Sioux City to attend the Indian School Superintendents' and Teachers' gathering, going from there to Denver to attend the National Teachers Association, and from there to Tacoma, Washington, for another Indian School gathering and return via the Yellowstone Park, taking my people through the Park in tents of my own providing and hired wagons and returning to this point. Mr. A. D. Potter, claiming to be Assistant Postmaster of Denver, stated that you could do more for me than anybody else in the way of rates both for traveling and for tourist sleeper. I shall be glad to hear if you have anything special to offer. If we cannot get a very low rate we shall not go. If we can get low rates we will go. My idea is to stock the sleeper and take a cook along and provide all food en route and possibly part of the time when stopping.

Yours truly,

(Dictated)

N.

Capt. 10th Cav'y., U.S.A.,
Supt.

VOL. 28

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlsle, Pa., April 13th 1895.

R. R. Cable,

President Rock Island Railroad,
Chicago, Illinois.

My dear Sirs:-

I am thinking of taking a party of twenty, mostly of my
teachers and employes, and making a trip across the continent and
back with the intention of being present at the Indian School gather-
ing at Sioux City, Iowa, and going from there to Denver to be
present at the National Convention. A Mr. A. D. Potter, claiming
to be Assistant Postmaster of Denver, said he had seen you within
the last few days and that you had agreed to make a round trip rate
Chicago to Denver and return to Chicago for $10.00 and I could use
his name in correspondence with you on the matter. I can get my
party from here to Chicago on a very low rate and request to know if
my information in regard to the rate from Chicago to Denver is
correct.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

Is it likely to be

Dr. J. A. McCauley,

150 Wilson Street,

Baltimore, Maryland.

My dear Dr. McCauley:-

Your letter of April 9th leads me to explain that I gave
instructions to put your letter in the Red Man, eliminating the
locality and name, and to say that it was from a former and eminent
College President, whose opinions I valued most highly, but Miss
Burgess insisted that your connection with the School at the start
and your position at the time and all your relations with us made it
important to us that it should go out as from you and both she and
Mrs. Pratt urged that you certainly would not object. I therefore
consented, though it was on my mind to get your consent first, so
that while I am sorry for disturbing you at all by it, I am
exceedingly grateful that you have accepted it in such kindly spirit.

We shall trust to have you with us when you do visit Carlisle
and I do hope that you will bring both Mrs. McCauley and Fannie.

Marion, Guy and the children are coming in for the month of
May, and there is a prospect that in July I may be absent in the
west at the summer schools for superintendents and teachers of

VOL. 28

Dr. J. A. McCauley, page 2.

Indian Schools. If you come up to stop with us, Bosler we shall
claim you at least for part of the time.

I send you a copy of the New England Magazine with an
illustrated article about us by Prof. Super, which is, as you will
recognize, a compilation of our own reports, speeches, etc., but
it is well put together and gives our positions fairly and I like it.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

109

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., April 15th 1895.

Prof. S. H. Treher,

Secretary Carlisle Centre University Extension,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Mr. Treher:-

I have your letter of the 12th. While I appreciate your spirit in sending the twenty tickets for Prof. Rolfe's lecture this evening for free distribution among the members of this School it does not seem best to me under all the circumstances to accept the tickets as a gift. I therefore enclose $3.25, which amount with the $3.00 deducted for the amount of the gas you will use from the lantern this evening, covers the sale of twenty-five tickets out here. I have disposed of the twenty tickets you sent and have a demand for five more, which number you will please send me by bearer. As has been explained to you and Mr. Hagerty, the use of the lantern for one evening consumes about $3.00 worth of gas, which has to be replenished by our charity fund, and therefore in loaning the lantern it is always with the agreement that this will be made good to us. This then makes our arrangement a business affair.

N.

VOL. 28

In reply to

Capt. W. H. Clapp, 16th Infantry,
Acting Indian Agent,
Fort Berthold, North Dakota.

Dear Sirs:

I have your letter of March 26th in reference to my speech before the Board of Indian Commissioners.

I intended to be, and thought I was, entirely fair in what I said, but separated from your own address before the Commissioners. I now see that my speech does place you in a different light from what I intended.

We are agreed as to the wisdom and economy of scattering the Indians among our white population and the breaking up of tribal relations, and we fully agree in our estimate of the prompt and great results that would follow such a distribution of them. We are not agreed that it is "impossible" to do that. We are agreed that it has several times multiplied the cost in money and effort to maintain the Indians in tact as tribes over what it would have cost if they had been scattered and utilized in our civilization and the scattering would bring an end to expensive (mis) management, while holding them together promises endless expense and supervision. Then too the idleness of reservation life has brought disease and crime

VOL. 28

Capt. W. H. Clapp, page 2.

which has rapidly decreased their number. In 1879 the Indians now
under your care numbered 1,393, in 1883 they numbered 1,116, a
decrease of 20%, and it is pretty much the same throughout all the
reservations.

To you from your experience and observation, scattering and utilizing them seems impossible. From my experience and observation, scattering seems not only possible, but thoroughly practicable, and the impossible thing seems to me to be final self-supporting citizenship as a result from the continuance of the tribes and reservations. All our experience along the lines of tribalizing, reservating seems to me to confirm my position. It is true, as you say, that even if divided but kept in small communities among white people, they would continue as Indians. Italians so communities continue to hold their identity as Italians. What I mean by separating and dividing is to establish some system of working them out individually into our civilization and utilizing them in it, not as root-diggers, hop and berry-pickers, bead-wokers, etc., but as real factors in the bone and sinew of our industries, handling the plow, sledge-hammer, etc.

We plan and negotiate for extensive immigration and take pains
to train and utilize individuals from almost every nation under the
sun, and give them a welcome and direct them in all the lines of
our industries and business life. If they are not English-speaking,
we make them so. If they are not skillful, we forward and urge them

111

VOL. 28

112

Capt. W. H. Clapp, page 4.

to become so. If they do not conform to our methods of life, we
press upon them and compel them to do so. Now I insist that the
Indian is more entitled to have exactly the same treatment enforced
upon him, because he is of native birth and because of his ignorance
and inability to know what is best for himself, and because you and
I and every other common sense, observing friend of the Indian can
see that what you say of scattering and absorbing is true.

You say: "I (you) assume this is not practical until very
important and extensive legislation is enacted." Here we divide.

Carlisle transports its children long distances, which is an
expense most other schools do not have, and yet it does so at
a much less per capita expense than any other school of its kind in
the service, not excepting many of the best reservation schools, and
it includes in this per capita expense, this cost of transportation.
Carlisle is able to do this because it works in and with the forces
of our best civilization, where it can utilize the unprejudiced
appliances of that civilization. I must add that Carlisle has not
measured up to its fullest ability, simply because of the want of
proper co-operation. I have for years reported that we could carry
1,000 children, but have been hindered in getting them by reserva-
tion school opposition. A few months ago I proposed to the Depart-
ment that I would undertake the ensuing fiscal year to carry 1,500
children on an appropriation of a little more than $100.00 per
capita, including transportation, the first year, and thereafter

VOL. 28

113

Capt. W. H. Clapp, page 4.

would be able to carry more on the same appropriation, so that the
cost would soon fall below $100,000 each. What has been done and can
be done here, can be done at many other points east in equally
favorable surroundings and with the same economy. What I wish to
say is that there is little willingness on the part of those handling
the Indians to either work or encourage work along the lines of
disintegration. Almost every supervision in Washington and among
the Indians is organized to consolidate and perpetuate the autonomy
of the tribes.

Twelve years ago Mr. Teller, then Secretary, proposed to
Congress to take 20,000 children from the tribes and place them in
eastern schools like Carlisle, and out in the public schools and in
good white families, as Carlisle does so largely. He asked the money
with which to do it, proposing to begin the first year with
$2,000,000., and increase the sum as needed to $3,000,000. annually,
when the cost for the whole 20,000 children thus placed would be met.

It was heroic and statesman-like, but the organized influences,
largely speculative, which demand tribal cohesion, defeated him.

I am not a stickler for the Carlisle idea nor for great Indian
schools. Anything that will lead Indians individually into the
honest industries of civilized life, and any treatment that will
bear upon them to prolong their stay in such influences and lead
to permanent settlement therein, I will favor.

It is plain to me that the reservation never will accomplish

VOL. 28

114

Capt. W. M. Clapp, page 5.

independent manhood and citizenship of the Indians, I care not how
good the management and appliances. It has not done it in New York,
Maine nor Massachusetts, simply and wholly because it is impossible
no matter what the reservation surroundings.

We are persecuted just now with the school crane, as though
schools could do it all, no matter where the schools or what the
quality. Schools will help, but they are only one and not the most
important of the factors necessary.

The Indian despises the white man as much as the white man
despises the Indian, and he is just as apprehensive in regard to
associating with white people as the white man is of associating
with the Indian. "The only good white man is a dead white man," was
as active a principle among many of our Indians in the recent past
as was the principle that "The only good Indian is a dead one,"
among the whites. You know that. These antipathies can only be
removed by a proper contact in which each may find out that the
other is better than he thought.

I agree with you that there is large loss in the work of the
Carlisle School, by remanding to reservations, but I assert that the
loss is much greater (and the essential gain is never reached) by
the schools on reservations. I recently made careful inquiries
on two reservations for the results of schools that have been
maintained on those reservations for more than 20 years and
although during the years many children had enjoyed the training

VOL. 28

Capt. W. H. Chapr, page 6.

of those schools for sufficient time to have reached the grammar
grade of the public schools of our country, I was unable to find as
a result one single Indian capable in the pursuits of civilized life
or serving the Government, his tribe or any community in any useful
capacity, while I found considerable numbers of Carlisle and other
remote training school products occupying various positions of
trust, some of which were of considerable importance. Seventy
years of reservation schools among the tribes in New York and the
Five Civilized Tribes of the Indian Territory have only fortified
them in the tribal relation and against joining with us in one
government.

The courage of civilization is something not to be acquired
theoretically. Individuals must be immersed in the experiences
of civilization in order to have their fears removed and their
purposes to be in it and of it grow. I witness this constantly.
Hence I am convinced that reservation and tribal schools, however
well conducted, are inimical to the United States, and against the
best interests of the individual Indian, and ought not therefore
to have governmental support, any more than purely Presbyterian or
Catholic schools ought to have governmental support because tribal
schools are wholly in the interests of building up the tribe as
against building the individual into the United States.

115

VOL. 28

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUBSECRETARY,

Carlsbad, N. H., April 10th 1908.

Capt. Wm. E. Dougherty, Acting Indian Agent.

Hoopa Valley Agency, California.

My dear Doughertys:-

I have your letter of April 8th and am glad to hear from you.

I send you by this mail a package of photographs which will give you a fair idea of the School, although our stock of photographs is low just now and the collection I send you is not satisfactory.

We should be glad to receive a delegation from your Agency if satisfactory arrangements can be made, though you are rather far away. If anything definite results for us please let me know, and we can correspond further.

Mrs. Pratt joins me in cordial greetings to you and Mrs. Dougherty,

Yours very truly,

N.

118

VOL. 28

To: reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., April 18th 1895.

Major John Simpson, Q. M., U. S. A.,
Quartermaster's Department, U. S. A.,
1428 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

Sir:-

Through an oversight on the part of my clerk the enclosed
Storage Requisition, in duplicate, for April 1895 was not
't. you as usual on the first of the month.. which data I very
much regret.

N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT, ETC.

Carliola, Pa., April 16th 1893.

Miss CORA M. POISON,
Hampton Institute,
Hampton, Va.

My dear Miss Poison:-

I have just finished reading your account of our Commencement in the "Southern Workman," and I wish to thank you for the pleasant description you give us.

With cordial greetings from us all,

N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., April 20th 1895.

Mr. S. H. Treher.

Secretary Carlisle Centre, University Extension Society,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Mr. Treher:-

Replying to the notice you send me, dated today, of the meeting of the Executive Committee of the Carlisle Centre, University Extension Society, in the Pastor's Study of the First Presbyterian Church, this evening at 7.30 o'clock, I would call your attention to my resignation, dated September 22nd 1894, as a member of the Executive Committee of this Society, and your acceptance of the same, dated September 24th 1894.

N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Miss Lucy Walker, Directress of Nurses,
Presbyterian Hospital,
39th St. and Saunders Ave.,
Philadelphia.

Dear Miss Walker:—

Thank you for the thoughtful note about Flora. I suppose that her illness has reduced her vitality somewhat and led to the suppuration. The Indians are especially scrofulous and what Flora has developed is common among them. Of course should her case prove obstinate and it be best for her to lay off for a while she can come to Carlisle.

Permit me to ask your kindly attention to another matter. Mr. Harris, my school blacksmith, who has been with me fifteen years, has a large family in the which is a son fifteen years old who has been afflicted and under the doctors' care for over two years. He has a splendid physique and is in excellent general health, but he loses consciousness at times and falls over apparently in epilepsy. These spasms are irregular, the closest being two weeks apart, and at other times there are as many as five weeks between the attacks. Mr. Harris would like to have his son under treatment by a specialist and has heard favorably of your hospital through Miss Wilson, one

123

VOL. 28

Miss Lucy Walker, page 2.

of your nurses, who is from Carlisle. The point with Mr. Harris
is economy and he would like to know something about the cost before
sending his son, if the son can be accepted. He is a most worthy
man, and is dependent upon his day's work for the expenses of his
large family in which there are ten children.

I do not know who the managers of your Hospital are, so that I
am unable to know if I am acquainted with any of them, but being a
Presbyterian myself and interested in all Presbyterian matters, I
feel that I might ask as much indulgence for Mr. Harris in this
matter as it would be possible for you to give. Will you please
advise me in regard to this matter at an early date. If necessary
show this letter to any of the Hospital management.

(Dictated)
M.

124

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Mr. George B. Brown,

Sag Harbor, New York.

My dear Friend:-

We have been working the lines for the Red Man in pretty
much the way you have indicated but there is not very much interest
in Indian matters, and there are so many periodicals pushing for
recognition that I really have not the face to go very far in the
matter.

I thank you for your continued interest and suggestions.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In apply for

Eugene Tahkaphuer,

Suffield, Conn.

My dear Eugene:-

I have had your letter for some time, intending to answer it, but have been prevented.

I am glad to see that you are so much of a philosopher in the matter, and must entirely agree that where the feeling is not reciprocal; where two persons are united and one does not love the other there is bound to be unhappiness, and it is better that the discovery is made in advance, as in your case.

Miss Field wrote me, but I am not informed that there will be any vacancy in the girls' department, and so cannot even consider her application.

I am extremely glad to hear of your being so profitable, employed.

VOL. 28

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF A SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., April 23rd 1896.

Rev. Dr. Samuel Mees,

Woodbury, New Jersey.

My dear Doctor:-

I will not let myself get into a controversy with President
Gates about such a matter. I will only say that my letter books
containing letters to officials and others dated years prior to
my meeting Dr. Anderson fully state that I had the outline of the
Carlisle work well in mind previous to my talks with Dr. Anderson,
and there are not wanting plenty of friends left with whom I talked
and counseled long before Dr. Anderson came into my life. I realize
that President Anderson grasped a situation as quickly as any man I
ever met and we were in perfect harmony. I realise fully the great
value of coming to any way into the notice and life of such a man as
Dr. Anderson, and though I still feel I am right about it, and it
is no disparagement to the great Doctor for me to say so, I feel
somewhat make that I have mentioned it to even so good a friend as
you. However, I am sorry that you did not treat my letter as I
marked it, confidential, and let it go.

In regard to the additional girls, I fear that our obligations
already entered into will prevent extending your community this year.

Condently and fraternally yours,

(Buted)

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., April 22nd 1898.

Howard M. Jenkins,

921 Arch Street,
Philadelphia,

My dear friend:-

I thank you for your kind note of the 16th, and appreciate
always the great interest and help you give us in our work.

I have about 400 copies of the New England Magazine left after
distributing several hundred, and will keep these to sell to
visitors, and I shall be glad to forward copies at 25¢ each, including
postage, to any friends who may care to have them.

(Distributed)

N.

VOL. 28

Curtisville, Pa., April 20th 1897.

H. W. Deiderich, Late U. S. Consul,
1507 10th Street, N. W.,
Washington, D. C.

My dear Sirs:-

I acknowledge gratefully your appreciative note of the
12th.

I send you a copy of the New England Magazine with an article
about us you may care to read.

About the Jesuits, I have only to say that I am "laying low
for ducks."

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

Carlisle, Pa., April 13th 1902.

Dear Mason:-

I enclose letter from George Williams. You will remember
George as one of our Navajo boys. I saw him in Philadelphia the
other day and he is a manly, nice-looking fellow. He has been with
the Baldwin Locomotive works between three or four years as an
apprentice. You will understand the difficulties he labors under
from his letter. He is anxious to perfect himself as a machinist
He can, of course, stay where he is except for the want of a living.
The superintendent of his division and the clerks in the office
spoke very highly of him. Have you anything for him, or anything
to suggest? Please return George's letter.

Mable and the children are here and we are enjoying their happy
faces.

(Dictated)
N.

Mr. Mason D. Pratt,
Steelton, Pennsylvania.

VOL. 28

Curtisville, Pa., April 25th 1945.

C. K. Ober, Sec. International Committee Y. M. C. A.,

Room 609, Association Building,
Chicago, Illinois.

Dear Mr. Ober-

It is not at all probable that I shall be anywhere near
Sisseton on the dates of your gathering there.

Dr. Montezuma could attend if his expenses were covered. He is
giving himself a special post-graduate course in medicine in New
York, going over every week for two or three days, which makes large
drains on his resources, and he does not feel that he can afford the
expense of your summer gathering, though he would be very glad to
be present. I can hardly see how our resources here warrant me in
the expense.

(Diated)
M.

142

VOL. 28

Carlsbad, Pa., April 24th 1864.

Hon. D. M. Browning,

Commissioner of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C.

Dear Judge Browning:-

Mr. Campbell is here on his way back to Washington. He advises me that you are expecting to leave Washington this week. I wish particularly to see you while you are in Washington, but would much prefer not going down before next week if you were going to be in Washington then, as we are to have school exercises of importance and there are local interests demanding my attention. But if you are going away before next week I will sacrifice some of these and come down. Please wire me on receipt of this advising me when you expect to leave Washington.

(diated)
H.

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., April 25th 1995.

Mr. Charles E. Fee, G. P. & T. A.,
St. Paul, Minnesota.

My dear Mr. Fee:-

I have just received your sketches of Wonderland with "Wonderland Junior" and two time-tables, for which I suppose I am indebted to you. I am greatly obliged. I have a gnawing longing to be out on the Northern Pacific this summer, and Mr. N. R. Wood promised to write you about some special rates for a party of about twenty. I have not heard from him yet.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., April 25th 1900.

Mrs. E. G. Platt,

Tabor, Iowa.

My dear Mrs. Platt:-

I want to use the "Future of Nations" for the next Red Man and I want it with your comments for I know they will be mine and you will know why I want it when you see the Red Man, I do not mean the April number but I mean the May number. So if you please give me as much as you care to on it and we will print. I shall be glad if it may be here very early in May.

Now do not hesitate ever to write me fearing you may impose on my time for if there is any one I like to hear from it is you. Your experiences, your deductions and your original positions all find a hearty welcome, and if at your distance you choose to use the maturity of your powers in helping along the Red Man or the Helper, please feel free to do it and I will undertake to give you some small return; if it is not considerable it will be because I am not as well blessed with funds for such purposes as I used to be, but I will not ask you to do it for nothing.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., April 29th 1895.

Miss Mollie D. Hall,

Strausburg, Nebraska.

Dear Miss Hall:-

Miss Burdette, of the Woman's Baptist Society of Chicago, forwards me your letter of April 21st making inquiry as to what occupations the Indians take after leaving school. In answer I have to advise you that Indians are competent of being developed into useful laborers in all lines of industrial and professional life. My present School Physician is an Apache Indian. I send you some literature marked, which will indicate his ideas of the present and future of the Indians, and I may add that his ideas are shared by all the more advanced in education of the pupils here. Indian education, like all other education, takes on the direction given by the management. Other schools would give different ideas. We feel it important that the Indian should become a self-supporting citizen of the United States and be both able to meet and cope with other citizens. Our experience of many years and the results of our work warrant us in holding onto these ideas.

(Diated)
N.

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., April 29th 1896.

Miss Florence Dean, Secretary etc.,

809 East 18th Street,

New York.

Dear Miss Dean:--

I send you today the case containing an exhibit from our sewing-room. Will you please have it repacked and sent back to us after the exhibit, in the case in which we send it? It is not practicable for me to spare one of my people at this time to be present at the exhibit to explain and we shall have to depend upon our exhibit taking its chances. I am obliged to you for the opportunity and am sorry that the limited length of time did not give us a better chance to more fully represent our work. However, what we send will serve in a measure to forward the cause of industrial training for Indian youth.

If you will kindly have the matter attended to I will cover the expense in having the case unpacked and repacked.

(Distributed)
N.

VOL. 28

Col. Thomas M. Jones,
Sante Fe, New Mexico.

Dear Colonel:-

Yours of the 25th reached me this morning. Louisa Conhepe
left for her home at Chahelis, Washington, on Saturday on account
of ill-health. I am sorry that it is therefore impossible for me to
aid you.

(Dictated)
N.
l enclosure.

VOL. 28

153

In apply for

Dennison Wheelock,

Oneida, Wisconsin.

Dear Dennison:-

I have written the Postmaster General urging his favorable
action upon the application to establish a Post Office at the
Methodist Mission, and trust that together with the application
from the people themselves the matter may be accomplished.

I was sorry that your letter did not give some information
about yourself. You know we are concerned to hear about you. It is
not only a long time between your letters but when they do come
they do not have what we crave. I trust you are building up in
strength daily and that your outing is going to prove for you all
that you anticipated.

With love for you and Louise and kindest regards to all the
friends and old Carlisle students at Oneida,

Faithfully your friend,

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Miss Eva Johnson:

Indian School,

Baxter Springs, Kansas.

Dear Eva:—

I want to warn you to be careful not to raise any antagonism
in what you do in getting up a party for Carlisle. The law for this
year and the ensuing year requires that pupils must have the consent
of their parents or guardians to come here, and this consent must be
given before the Agent. I have no intention of going contrary to
the law. These restrictions will not last after the next year I am
sure. If you can bring us a nice party without incurring any ill-
feeling from any quarter it will be most highly appreciated by me.

But whether you bring the party or no, you can always count
upon me in doing anything I can to meet the plans for yourself.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 1st 1895.

Esther Lonestar,

Round Lake, Wisconsin.

Dear Esther:-

I am so glad that you had a comfortable journey home.

John is a good brother and I am sure he did take good care of you.

It is pleasant to know that you look back upon Carlisle so
lovingly. We were sorry to have you leave us, but I trust that you
will have a happy summer at home and that you will build up in
strength. Take plenty of outdoor exercise, for that will help you
if you do not tire yourself too much.

You will have all the School news from the Helper, and I cannot
add to that.

I hope you will write me from time to time and tell me how you
are.

Your friend and school father,

N.

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., May 1st 1895.

John Lonestar,

Shell Lake, Wisconsin.

Dear John:-

A letter from Esther first told me of your safe arrival
home and then your letter of the 20th came. I am glad to know that
you have succeeded in getting a place to work, and trust that the
out-door life on the farm will build you up in strength and that
your summer may be very profitable to you.

In regard to the students who you say wish to come to Carlisle
this fall, it would be better for you to write me again later about
them and your prospects of coming back. If would be glad to have
you make up a little party if the conditions are all met.

Your friend,

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., May 1st 1895.

Anna Tabasach,

Charlevoix, Michigan.

Dear Anna:-

Your letter reached me several days ago and I was very
glad to hear from you and to know that you remember Carlisle so
kindly.

I will send you one of my photographs as you request.

You, no doubt, have all the school news from the Helper, and I
cannot add to that. We are getting on nicely. Many of the girls
and boys have gone out on farms for the summer and our number here
grows smaller in consequence each day.

I am pleased to know that you are not idle and I hope you
will have much success in whatever you do. Above all things, Anna,
be true to your womanliness.

Your friend,

N.

VOL. 28

Carlisle, Pa., April 30th 1895.

David Skuviuk,
Bethel, Kuskoquim Dist., Western Alaska.
Alaska Commercial Co.,
310 Sansome Street,
San Francisco, Cal.

Dear David:-

The steamer that will take a letter to you will soon leave
this country and so I will answer your letter written last July,
almost a year ago.

I was very glad to receive letters from you and George and to
hear of your life in that far northern country. I should like to
go out fishing with you and catch some of your salmon. Perhaps
someday I may be able to go to Alaska.

We are getting on nicely here at Carlisle. Our spring weather
has come and many of the boys and girls have gone out on farms for
the summer, so that our number here at the school grows less each
day. We expect to have at least six hundred pupils out for the
summer, and will just keep enough here to take care of the buildings
and grounds.

We have just celebrated our Arbor Day and planted seventy young
trees in different parts of the grounds. Each school room had a tree
and many of the different departments and we sang songs around almost
had all the trees and some speechmaking and the band played, so that

VOL. 28

David Skuviuk, page 2.

our campus looked very gay. In years to come when some of our old
trees will have to be cut down we will have other trees to take
their place for the trees we have just planted will then be full
grown.

You will remember Florence Wells and Flora Campbell, the two
Alaskan girls who were here when you were: Florence is teaching in
an Indian school at Genoa, Nebraska, and Flora Campbell is taking
a course of training as a nurse in the Methodist Hospital in
Philadelphia. They are both doing well.

The other Alaska pupils, James Flannery, John Reinkin, Samuel
Paul, Sidney Burr, Thomas Hanbury, Thomas Jackson and Susie Moon,
are also doing well. John Reinkin and Thomas Hanbury have gone to
the country for the summer.

Please give my kindest regards to Mr. and Mrs. Kilbuck. With
best wishes for you always,

Your friend,

N.

VOL. 28

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT

Carlisle, Pa., April 30th 1896.

George Nocochluke,
Bethel, Kuskoquim Dist., Western Alaska.
% Alaska Commercial Co.,
310 Sansome Street,
San Francisco, Cal.

Dear George:-

Your long winter I suppose is now beginning to break and
you will soon hear from the outside world. I therefore wish to
answer your letter written last July, and send you greetings from
Carlisle: I wish I could take you these greetings in person
and join in your northern sports, but my Alaskan trip is no nearer
this summer than last year, and I must write you a letter instead.

It is very pleasant to know that though you are so far away from
us you remember us. We often think of you and David.

We had our Commencement this year on the two last days of
February, and had a "big time," We had many guests from a
distance and our class was larger than any previous class, there
being twenty in the class. We had our graduating exercises in
the graduation and the room was crowded with an audience of 2500
people. I send you a copy of the Red Man giving an account of the
whitemans.

The books are not interested in base-ball and have played

VOL. 28

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 28

George Nocochluke,
Bethel, Kuskoquim Dist., Western Alaska,
% Alaska Commercial Co.,
310 Sansome Street,
San Francisco, Cal.

Dear George:-

We had our Commencement this year on the two last days of
February, and had a "big time," We had many guests from a
distance and our class was larger than any previous class, there
being twenty in the class. We had our graduating exercises in
the graduation and the room was crowded with an audience of 2600
people. I send you a copy of the Red Man giving an account of the
chieftain.

George Nocochluke, page 2.

several games with teams at different schools and colleges. They
play on Saturday afternoons.

We had a very cold winter this year, and in the early part of
February we had a severe blizzard. The wind blew and the snow
continued to fall for several days, until we had great drifts of
snow and the travel was stopped on the railroads. The railroad
officials asked our boys to shovel snow for them, and so they
bundled up and went out and cleared the tracks, earning 12 1/2 cents
and 15 cents an hour and in the four days they were at work they
earned nearly five hundred dollars, and received the praise from
everyone for their work. So you see we have cold weather too,
and know how hard it is to keep warm sometimes. However, you probably
have heavy furs and know just how to manage cold weather.

I hope you will write to me again when you can and tell me
about your life.

With good wishes from everyone at Carlisle to every one at
Bethel,

Your friend,

N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa.

May 1st 1895.

Sir:-

Herewith enclosed please find forage requisition in duplicate for my two private horses for the month of May, 1895.

N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 4th 1895.

Miss A. L. W. Jones,

Box 177, Aikin, S. C.

Dear Miss Jones:-

I return your hieroglyphics. The man was no doubt an impostor. No such name appears on our lists, but we have occasionally caught up with traveling Indians who have become smart by traveling, and make a living off the country, as some white men do, by deceiving the public.

The Indian Helper will be sent to you as you request.

(Dictated)

N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 4th 1895.

John D. Miles,

Lawrence, Kansas.

Friend Miles:-

I have yours of April 29th in regard to Dr. Thomas and
his wife of Sorrento, Florida. Physicians, teachers and matrons
for the Indian school service are all selected now by the Civil
Service Commission of Washington. I have no lea way whatever in the
matter, so that it is impossible for me to even consider the subject
of employment for these good people here. The experience is not
old and tried employes are not near so likely to get through the
civil service examinations creditably and receive employment as
young upstarts just out of school. Wish I could help you.

As ever,

Faithfully yours,

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Mr. V. S. Hillis,

Carlisle, Pa., May 4th 1895.

Office of the Supt. of Indian Schools,
Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C.

My dear Mr. Hillis:-

We have no one column cuts of recent pictures of the School, and only one of an old photograph of the tin shop. If you care to use this you are very welcome to it. We also have a view of the grounds taken several years ago, which used lengthwise would be about the width of two columns, and this you can have if you wish. I am sorry that we have nothing better to give you.

I shall be interested in your article and hope you will send me a copy of the paper containing it.

N.

VOL. 28

in reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 4th 1895.

Mr. W. P. Campbell,

Browns Valley, Minnesota.

My dear Campbell:-

I did not see Dr. Hailman when I was in Washington this
week, but I had a talk with his clerk who seemed to think that you
were on the eligible list and that it was intended to give you an
appointment as soon as a vacancy occured. With Smith at the head
and the persons in charge of the different departments who are there
I did not think it best to show too much interest. Dr. Hailman will
be back on the 14th and the Commissioner also and I shall then go
to Washington.

I have just been in Philadelphia with the Pennsylvania Railroad
folks and find that I must restrain my applications for special
rates to the School itself. I am sorry that it is not practicable
for me to aid Miss Noble.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 4th 1895.

Chas. F. Jenkins,

Editor "Farm Journal,"

Philadelphia.

My dear Sir:-

As I have never had the pleasure of meeting with your
branch of the Friends I shall be very happy to be with you on the
16th instant. Please inform me how much time you wish me to
consume and the hour that the meeting will begin.

Yours very truly,

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., May 4th 1895.

J. Wheeler,

30 LaFayette Place,
New York.

Dear Sir:-

I have your letter of the first of May in regard to the
Conference, June 28th to July 4th. I expect to be absent in the west
at that time. There was no enclosure in your letter.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 4th 1895.

Miss Emily S. Cook,
Indian Office,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Miss Cook:-

I have yours of the second. All right we will arrange to
use only the one case as you desire.

I will let Mr. Standing run down to see you in regard to the
general exhibit if he is to go to Atlanta to get it up. I suppose
that cannot be determined until Judge Browning returns. I expect
to go to Washington when Judge Browning returns.

Yours sincerely,

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 6th 1895.

Miss Fuji Tsukamoto,

3350 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia.

Dear Miss Fuji:-

In response to the request contained in your letter of the second I send you by today's express fifty Japanese slides. I trust they will prove what you wish. Some time ago I sent fifty slides to Mr. Tada, who was our guide in Japan and who is now attending the Theological Seminary in New York, and this left a few of the particular views which you wish for me to select from. Mr. Tada is giving a series of talks on Japan and so has kept the views. I think, however, with your skillful manipulation you can make an interesting evening on this second selection.

We will surely expect you to make a visit to us here at Carlisle before you return to Japan in July. Let us know when it is most convenient for you to come. We will be glad to see you at any time.

(N)

174

VOL. 28

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT

Carlisle, Pa., May 6th 1896.

Mrs. Helen G. Rice, Supt.,
1697 Washington Street,
Boston, Mass.

Dear Madam:-

I think your selection of books very good, although I
have never read "Onoqua." "Onoqua" was written by Miss Frances
Campbell Sparhawk of Newton Centre, Mass., now at Salisbury Point,
Mass. "Stiya" was written by Miss M. Burgess who has charge of
my printing department.

I send you a package of Indian Helpers, which as you see costs
only ten cents a year, and I think would be good material to give
the
your young people. I also send a number of Red Man, our monthly
paper, which is fifty cents a year.

It is almost impossible to get at the Government's attitude
towards the Indians, as that changes every administration. "The
Century of Dishonor" is in some sense just, in another not. The
people of the United States are the Government and they are to be
mostly blamed, for the Government has mostly executed their will.
After nearly thirty years' experience with the Indians and observa-
tion of the Government's course and the whole field, my judgment

VOL. 28

Mrs. Helen G. Rice, page 2.

condemns the churches as much as any other influence that has taken
part in our Indian matters. The methods of the churches among the
Indians have always been antagonistic to the wish of the Government
to citizenize the Indians, because citizenship means individuality
and the missionaries among the Indians work only along tribalizing
lines. However, I will not now enter upon the discussion of the
question.

It occurs to me that "Howling Wolf," a little story written
by Mrs. J. Wells Champney of 96 Fifth Avenue, New York, would be an
interesting and helpful book for your boys.

Yours very truly,

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

To reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 6th 1906.

H. L. Price,

Manager Dickinson College Baseball Team,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Sirs-

Your telegram of the second addressed to me at the Capitol House, Washington, failed to reach me and comes to me this morning through the mail. I left Washington at eleven o'clock Thursday for Philadelphia and New York and did not return home until Saturday. This in explanation of your not receiving a reply to your message.

Yours truly,

(Dictated)
N.

Sept. 10th Cav'y., Supt.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Corlisle, Pa., May 6th 1890.

Wiley Morgan,

Mr. German,

Newtown, Pa.

Dear Wiley:-

It has been necessary for me to make some inquiries in regard to your matter before answering you and this will explain the delay in answering your letter of the 23rd. The young lady herself states that you are agreed about it, that the understanding in trust you are to go with her to her home, and you say that is your desire. I know of no reason why you should not do that. The young lady herself wishes to go home this year. If you and the young lady and her family are agreed, I think there is no reason why you should not carry out your purposes. I agree with you that Lucy is a good girl.

(Diluted)
N.

VOL. 28

To apply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 6th 1908.

Dr. Alice M. Seabrook,

2509 Thompson Street,
Philadelphia.

My dear Miss Seabrook,

It seems practically impossible for either Mrs. Pratt or myself to get away on Wednesday. Guy and Nana are to be with us to-morrow to rejoin with us a month and we are contemplating a long trip, perhaps as far as Alaska, anyhow we expect to get away for a long rest this summer, and as this will be accompanied with considerable expense and we are somewhat impractical anyway, it seems best to deny ourselves what would be a very great pleasure and privilege. We all of us join most heartily in sending our congratulations to you on the successful termination of your long struggle to complete your medical course, and wish to assure you of our pride in your success, and we trust that the future has great things in store for you. It is the universal sentiment here that you will make a successful physician.

Mrs. Pratt and Nana join me in cordial greetings to you.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 7th 1895.

My dear Brown:--

I called upon Mr. Dabney, who is a very delightful
gentleman, and had a full talk about your good self, and received
from him assurances of his satisfaction in knowing so much about
you and his favor to your detail. He was quite thorough in his
inquiries and I was glad to be able to meet him at all points. I
certainly hope that your desires for the detail will be gratified ,
and it seems favorable if he can accomplish it, and from what he
said I judge he is the person to accomplish it. You will find duty
outside the Indian service the most congenial.

With cordial greetings to you all,

(Dictated)
N.

Capt. George LeRoy Brown,
Whipple Barracks, Arizona.

VOL. 28

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., May 7th 1895.

Chas. D. Rakestraw, Supervisor Indian Schools,
Chemawa, Oregon.

My dear Sir:-

I am obliged to you for your very kindly letter in
reference to the New England Magazine, the Red Man and our Commence-
ment exercises. I shall hope that you can be at our next
Commencement, when we shall have a much larger class and will
endeavor to make the occasion more important. I am sure you will
be greatly pleased and edified.

It is all building. We have practically conquered the situation
and have the country with us. Sixteen years ago, when we began
Carlisle, such was not the case. Prejudice and ignorance have had
to give way before ocular demonstration.

Do not wait for Commencement, come and see us at any time.

182

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 7th 1895.

Antoine Donnell,

White Earth, Minnesota.

Dear Antoine:--

I have already recommended you to Dr. Hailman for a position in the Indian service so that it is not necessary to send him another endorsement of you.

I shall hope to hear from you from time to time and shall
always be interested in what you are doing.

With best wishes for you,

Your friend,

N.

VOL. 28

I am ready to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 1st 1895.

Edward L. Chalcraft,

717 Williamson Street,

Seattle, Washington.

My dear Chalcraft:-

Just before I received your papers there was a culmination
in the case of Mr. W. P. Campbell, Superintendent of the Boarding
School at Sisseton Agency. Mr. Campbell had been here with me as
disciplinarian for over twelve years. He accepted an appointment at
Sisseton as Superintendent last July. The Agent at Sisseton is a
Catholic and there are large amounts of money disbursed there. The
Catholics have erected a large boarding school on the reservation
some distance from the Agency. Mr. Campbell was undoubtedly in
their way. I need not detail the conditions. I took Mr. Campbell's
case up and was at work on it through the principle officials in the
Department when your papers came. It was not best for me to take
up yours at the same time, and to take it up immediately afterwards
seemed to me a hopeless undertaking. I felt that I could see the
same influences at work in your case that were at work in Campbells
case. Campbell is a Democrat, but strong anti-Catholic. He came
here and I engineered his case for him and succeeded in getting the

VOL. 28

186

Ed. L. Chalcraft, page 2.

Secretary to order him to report back to the Indian Office for duty,
but that has not given him his place and I do not think now that it
will give him his place. The situation is one I am not able to
understand. Mr. Campbell has spent considerable money and made a
strong and successful fight, completely downing his adversaries by
his showing up the testimony upon which he was forced out of service.
The Secretary saw it and ordered his reinstatement. In the meantime
his place has been filled and the Indian Department will, I am sure,
only keep him in suspense until he tires of it and quits. The same
result would follow in your case. Campbell intends now to show up
the perjory and rascality of the people who put him out, and also
the invidious course of the Indian Office. The multiplicity of
such cases as yours and Campbell's must certainly attract attention
are long. That such a rascally, worthless character as Nolan could
have any influence in downing you with all your years of service
is simply preposterous, but the influences he represents are in the
saddle now and will be for some little time.

Commissioner Browning is absent in Chicago and the Office is
in charge of the Assistant Commissioner. Secretary Smith is away
in the south and will be there for sometime to come. I can talk
with Judge Browning about any matter and I can talk to the Secretary
Mr. Smith, and I can talk to the President, but there seem to be
forces in the Department, and I believe you know what they are,
against which even they will not go.

VOL. 28

Ed. L. Chalcraft, page 3.

My judgment is that Rakestraw is your enemy. It may be that I
can get hold of the documents he has sent in. Certainly there is
nothing in what you have sent me that would at all warrant the action
against you. You understand that it will take time and some
diplomacy, especially since my connection with Campbell's case.

I am considerably non-plussed by Dr. Hailman's methods.

May 8th 1895.

I wrote the above on the first but held it over until now inasmuch
as I was just going to Washington. I have been there and although
the authorities I would care to talk to about your case were away, I
found out that Rakestraw had reported against you and that the sum
and substance of it was that you were lacking in tact. That of
course is a simple charge, and after the experience you have had
really amounts to nothing.

I see nothing in your papers that will help me towards doing
anything and so I return them to you. When it is practicable to
get at the data and I can send you anything material I will do so.

I have about abandoned going to Tacoma this summer as I had
intended.

187

VOL. 28

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT DEPT.

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th 1895.

Thamar Richey,

White Cloud, Kansas.

My dear Sir:-

Some months ago on the solicitation of Mr. T. Marcellus
Sherhal I received a boy here from White Cloud by name of Isadore
Rhodd, who proves to be a most outrageous scalawag and I am
compelled, because of his influence over other boys and his apparent
total inability to keep himself straight, to send him home. You do
not give me a good name for Robert Roubideaux. Carlisle should be
a place for the best students and not for the worst, and although I
have your telegram and have promised to take the boy, I must say
that from experience with Isadore within the last few days I am
rather discouraged in undertaking another doubtful character. The
general good of the School will not allow me to accept of students
of Isadore's stamp.

(Dictated)
N.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th 1895.

Bones, Comanche Chief,
Anadarko, Oklahoma.

My dear friend:-

Frances was buried yesterday. My Doctor wrote you repeatedly of her condition so that you understand what was the matter. We laid her away kindly and carefully in our little School graveyard. Her sickness was without material pain and her death was without apparent distress. She was conscious until near the end. She was bright and very cheerful. I saw her several times a day during her last sickness and she was very fond of both Mrs. Pratt and myself and was always grateful for our visits and for the parental care and little attentions we paid her.

I thought it best after her death to allow the Doctor to make an examination and he found she had been in a consumptive condition evidently for quite a while, her lungs and liver being both quite full of tubercles, which explains fully why she did not rally from the pneumonia. Her liver also was abnormally large.

Faithfully your friend,

(Died at)

189

VOL. 28

COPY TELEGRAM.

Carlisle, Pa., May 6th 1895.

Goodall, Perkins & Co.,
10 Market Street,

San Francisco, California.

Dr. Sheldon Jackson, Alaska Educational Agent, says round trip
rate Tacoma to Alaska $30.00. If so wire date and if accomodations
can be had for twelve to twenty persons on steamer leaving Tacoma
soon after 21st of July. Send twenty circulars.

(Signed) R. H. Pratt,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

My Dear Mr. Agnew :-

Your letter came while I was away in Washington, Phil-
adelphia and New York.

Thank you for the information and suggestions. Am glad
you like the article in the New England Magazine. The compilation
was made by Prof. Super, of the College, mostly from my reports,
speeches and other documents here, and the pictures are from our
photographs.

The editor of the magazine is a friend of the Professor's
and asked him to write an article on the school for which he would
pay him. Prof. Super compiled and wrote the article and received
$30.00 for it. I had nothing to do with it in any way whatever.
After it was printed I wanted a number and purchased them at fif-
teen cents each.

It seems to me that the hospital should have a magazine
article and that Dr. Agnew's great service in arranging the build-
ing and managing it should be given out to the public in just such
a way. I should think that any of the principal magazines would
be only too glad to get such an article. It would be a new field
in journalism that will be attractive, particularly if illustrat-
ed as your annual report is.

VOL. 28

192

2.

Your last donation was early in December.

The notifications you sent are full of suggestions and yet your case is entirely different from mine. Being for the most part in a Government Institution, I am barred from such direct appeals to charity and must depend upon more voluntary contributions. I am glad to say that as the contributions have shortened, the Government has become more liberal and I am not now so badly off.

I wish you could make us a visit now. If ever we have had on our good looks, it is at this time. Mountain and valley, tree and shrub and grass all present the most pleasing picture that we have ever had at this season.

Yours very truly,

VOL. 28

To reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

Caddoe George,
Anadarko,
Oklahoma Ty.

My Dear Friend :-

Wiley Morgan has fallen desperately in love with one of our girls from Montana. She is an excellent girl and they have become engaged. Wiley has written to her father, who favors the union provided Wiley comes to Montana to live and help on his farm. Wiley is anxious to do this.

I trust that the feeling among his home friends may not be against him. He is to be congratulated on having such a promising alliance.

Knowing your interest in Wiley and your general solicitude for the Caddoes, I thought best to advise you of the situation.

Your friend,

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

Phoebe Howey
1346 Spruce St.,
Phila., Pa.

My Dear Phoebe:

You had better sign the receipt for your patent and
send back to your agent at once.

In regard to leasing your land, that is something in
which I cannot advise you; you will have to attend to that accord-
ing to your own judgment.

I shall be sending some students home in a short time,
and will be glad to let you have the rate we get for them. Let
me know when you want it. Please notify me at once on receipt of
this, the R. R. station to which you want to go.

The letter of Mr. Webb's and receipts I send back to you.

Your friend,

VOL. 28

in reply to:

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

Mr. Chas. F. Jenkins,
Phila., Pa.

Dear Sir :-

I will be in Philadelphia on the 16th. Will probably
come to the city early in the day so that I may transact some
business. Will advise you of the train.

If your home is not too remote, I should be very glad
to be your guest and thank you for the invitation.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

Gen.H.B. Carrington,
Boston, Mass.

My Dear General:

I am ready for the twenty-four "Beacon Lights" whenever
it suits you to send them.

Come down into the Cumberland Valley and let me take
you to Gettysburg and around in the mountains a little bit and
see if I can not make you well.

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Curtisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

Rev. Dr. Sheldon Jackson,
Sitka, Alaska.

My Dear Doctor ;-

On Monday I received a message from Goodall, Perkins & Co., stating that their excursion rates from Tacoma to Sitka are $80.00. They have a trip rate on the Topeka of $15.00, Tacoma to Sitka, from Tacoma to Sitka only, not return, rate guaranteed only trip by trip.

In view of this, we have abandoned our proposed trip to the Pacific Coast.

Your friend,

197

VOL. 28

In reply to:

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT
Carlisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

J. R. Woods, G. P. A.,

Phila., Pa.

My Dear Sir :-

I find that the rate from Tacoma to Alaska is $80.00 instead of $50.00. I find also that the number of my people who really desire to make the western trip has grown so small that it is best for me to abandon the party. Could we have gone to Alaska or there were twelve to go, but when the rates rose to $50.00 more than was anticipated, none felt they could afford it.

I am sorry to have put you to so much inconvenience and am greatly obliged to you for your desire to help me carry out the frustrated purpose.

198

VOL. 28

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

Julia M. Williams,

West Grove, Pa.

Dear Julia :-

I have had your letter and have been making inquiries.
I deplore that your purpose of getting yourself ready for the
Junior class should be threatened at all. I like your good strong
letter about it, and have done what I could to make things change
for the better with you, but it is a delicate matter and we must
handle it carefully.

Your letter indicates that you have greatly improved.
You write strong and forcibly and I am gratified to note that you
have gotten on so well. So far you have done so well that I
think the better way is to school yourself to work through the
summer, and do what you can in your books and I trust there will
be no difficulty in entering the Junior class.

Mrs. Jones bears the name of being one of our best pa-
trons and I hesitate to think that she is crowding you to the full
extent your letter indicates.

With love and best wishes to you,

Your School-father,

VOL. 28

200

In reply to:

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., May 8th, 1895.

Geo. Balderston,

Colora, Md.

My Dear Friend :-

Your letter was received just as I was leaving for a
trip to Washington, Philadelphia and New York. I had my daughter
send you some printed information. Permit me to give you a few
points.

James Walton speaks of a hundred thousand, while at the
outside the Indian children of school age do not number 40,000.
The evils of the situation is that people of Friend Walton's views
are unwilling to acknowledge that there should be any material bear-
ing upon the Indians along the lines you and I propose, and so prac-
tically shut off all influence in our direction, and build up the
influence in favor of tribalizing. My contention has always been
that there should be a growing up of opportunities for Indians to
go among the citizens of the United States and learn by practical
experience those things that cannot be theorized into them.

I know of your Tunessassa school very well, and
while it undoubtedly has had some material influence in changing
the Indian from his Indian habits to the habits of civilized men,
it has had no practical influence whatever in carrying the Indian

VOL. 28

201

2.

anywhere up to that independence and courage necessary to equip him for individual struggle and competition among the masses.

Here theory is without force. Practical experience is everything. Our work here at Carlisle abundantly demonstrates this. Our pupils do acquire the ability to cope with civilized people in civilized pursuits, and per contra it may be equally as positively asserted that the tribal schools and tribal plans generally have utterly failed in giving these qualities.

To my mind the best friends that the Indians can possibly have now, are those that will demand that the Government shall not permit another crop of Indians to grow up; that they must all be grafted into the nation; tribes destroyed and individuals made useful, keen and alive to the civilization that prevails in our country today.

I am constantly wading through information of the most discouraging character in relation to the results of tribal and home life. The rights of the nation and the individual are uppermost and the tribe and family even, being against these higher rights, must yield.

"Go and sell that thou hast and give to the poor, and come and follow me." "He that loveth father and mother more than me is not worthy of me." "He that loseth his life for my sake shall find it." These are the words of the Great Teacher. Is there not in these words something to guide?

Scarcely a day passes but proves to me, sometimes in a

VOL. 28

202

number of cases, the utter hopelessness of success through any
plans that hold the tribes together. Every reservation is a pol-
luting sore upon the body politic. There is no exception. Crime
debauchery and everything that will destroy man and manhood pre-
dominates.

In the meantime the Indians from these influences alone
are passing away, not because there is no original endowment of
character and ability capable of full development, but because we
encourage and develop vice, and consequently destruction.

The Tunessassa school and all other schools and upbuild-
ing influences among the New York Indians, if put in the balance
with the degrading and demoralizing influences pressing upon the
same people are almost as nothing in comparison. And the New York
Indians live contiguous to, the best of our civiliza-
tion. The very schools that the Government puts among the Indians
and the missionaries and churches are, when properly considered
lacking in patriotism and loyalty to their government and the in-
dividual.

Our system of Indian management has been such as to
train and feast a herd of claim agents and contractors. Claim
agents particularly in Washington are made up of men who have had
years of experience in the Indian Government service either in or
out of Washington, and who have gained thereby practical knowledge
and qualifications, and being retired from their government posi-
tions by a change in politics, and being somewhat handicapped, have
gone into the claim agency business in order to make a living, so
that there are not dozens, but scores and hundreds of scheming

VOL. 28

203

4.

persons at work to secure government appropriations for various and sundry purposes among and for the Indians, until the Indian generally has been led to look and lean upon the government almost exclusively for support. Paternalism is the curse of the country today. By paternalism, pensions, annuities and kindred devices, subtly and inevitably the independence and manhood of the people is being undermined and destroyed.

"In the sweat of thy face shall thou eat bread", is the essence of all that is best, right and safe for the individual and consequently for the nation.

Yours Faithfully,

VOL. 28