41

June 16, 1886.

Mr. Joseph Schweigman,

Rose Bud Agency, Dakota.

Dear Sir: I have found that quite an apprehension prevails among the parents of our Indian girls in regard to their becoming married while at the school. For this reason I think it best that Joseph and Winnie should return to Rose Bud, and there unite their fortunes. It can be arranged, and the ceremony performed immediately on their arrival.

The transportation did not reach me until yesterday, so that I am unable to forward the party this week. They will leave here Tuesday next, the 23d. I hope that you may meet them at Valentine.

Truly your friend,

VOL. 12

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 12

June 16, 1886.

Rev. J. H. Watson,

Superintendent Missions and Schools,
Seneca, Mo.

My Dear Friend: I should be very glad to make arrangement
to bring in a suitable party of boys and girls, whenever you
can. I am so pleased that it is impossible to
make any additional arrangements. I must notify the department
of the names, ages and number of pupils to be brought from
this school before any transportation will be given.

You are quite right about the influence of the Holman Committee,
but we shall have to fight it through, and I have no doubt
we will succeed. Students are offered from several of the
tribes. I hope to get 40 or 50 from The Cheyennes and Apaches,
and a party from the Apaches. We shall need about 100 to fill us
so as to eat up our appropriation next year. I quite understand
the situation, and am fully in accord with your views; but
time will have its influence in showing to the new hands the dif-
ficulties, and bring us and them together in the work, I trust.

The pupils from your Baileywicks, are all doing very well indeed;
I have nothing but good words for any of them.

BLURRED ORIGINAL

June 16, 1896.

Miss F. F. Love,

Jubilee, Ellis

Dear Madam: A letter from Mrs. Wood's of Boston in which she advising me of you, implies me very favorable, that I should be glad to have you come to us next year. I have a vacancy in my corps of teachers, at 85 a month, beginning the 1st of July. One month's vacation is granted each year without loss of pay. We give furnished room, lights and fuel, and the teachers pay their own board and washing. The former coating $8 a week, the latter about $2 a month. I should be glad to have you begin with us at the 1st of July. This is a healthy place, and from what Mrs. Wood's writes, I feel assured that you will find ample expression for your great interest in education of the lower races.

Please telegraph your reply.

VOL. 12

June 16, 1886.

Hon. C. D. M. Eckels,
Shippensburg, Pa.

My Dear Sir: Since meeting you, I have had a number
very considerable number of applications, several of which seemed
to fill the wants. And I am in correspondence. Until these cases
are settled, I do not feel warranted in approaching those whom
you name, ~~but~~ I have them in mind. Miss Sample seems to feel
that it would be better for us to get a little more experience for
the two places that we have to fill.

I am greatly obliged to you.

VOL. 12

June 10, 1880.

Mrs. Frank Wood,

Alban St., Dorchester,
Boston, Mass.

Dear Mrs. Wood: I feel greatly obliged to you and Mr. Wood for your kindly interest in our welfare. I have written Miss Lowe offering her a place and asking her to telegraph reply as to other applications are pending. I rejoice at your success in securing such advantages for Miss La Flèche and also for the young Indian from Dartmouth. If we can only displace the old Indian Medicine man with educated Indian physicians, we shall have added a vital factor to the elements hastening the civilization of the Indians.

Thank you for the subscriptions and appreciations of our little paper. Since you were here we have received our cylinder press, and it is now about ready to begin work. We shall increase the size of the Morning Star, somewhat, and endeavour to make it more and more an exponent of the needs of the hour for Indians.

I have been much disappointed that Mrs. Baker did not come to see us. She was at Lenoir, I very much fear her strength did not hold out to carry her this far.

My cordial remembrances to Mr. Wood and yourself, in which I am joined by Mrs. Pratt and our corps of helpers, whom you met here

VOL. 12

June 10, 1886.

Florida. I have grown quite stout--weighing little upwards of
200 pounds now. Stahlough and his wife are with us yet. The
news from the members of our old Florida party continues to be
fully as encouraging as I could hope for. I had my hopes that
Mr. Weeks would stop and see us on his way West. As he did not,
I suppose he felt called upon to go by his old home at Utica.

The next time I come to Boston, I hope to see you. I heard
something of your great change and felt that that was the reason
I did not hear from you.

Remember me most kindly to your official household, whom I
know. And with assurances of the kindly affection of my own family
and myself, I am,

VOL. 12

June 10, 1880.

Mrs. Mary D. Burnham,

2049 Dorchester Ave.,
Boston, Mass.

My dear Friend: Your familiar penmanship gave me great pleasure and I should have responded sooner, but that just now I have been under a strain. It would have given us no end of pleasure to have had you with us at our examination, which was by far, the most successful of the whole 7. I hope you get the Morning Star and Indian Helper, which I ordered sent to you.

My son is now past 21 and will graduate from Lehigh a year hence. He has, so far, stood near the top of his class, and is fitting himself for the life of a Civil Engineer. I have allowed him to make his own way. He selected his College, takes care of his own expenses on the means I furnish. Last year he was fortunate enough to secure work during vacation with an engineering party on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. This year has an appointment with a Good ~~party~~ which will take up its entire vacation. I may tell you my friend, he is already engaged. My daughter Marion is 17 past and Nana 15. Both of them attend excellent school in Carlisle. We have a little girl whom we call Regina Henrhetta, ~~I know she is quite the most important person of the household. Both Mrs. Pratt's health and mine have improved since we were in~~

VOL. 12

of letters from Indian parents to prove that they have been moved
by their children's influence from this remote point, to change
their lives. Constantly they write of building houses, taking up
farms, and so on, with the special view of obliging their children
who have asked them to do so, and in anticipation of their child-
ren's return. Otherwise I like your article exceedingly and do
not know that this point specially important against me.

I was present at the Hampton exercises, and must say to you
frankly that Gen. Armstrong's lines and mine lie antagonistic to
each other. My feeling is that he is in favor of Negroizing the
Negro and Indianizing the Indian, making them a distinct and
united body politic. My convictions are so against this that
I would give up the work today freely, rather than be a party to
its

VOL. 12

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 12

June 16, 1886.

Miss Susan Longstreet,
1000 Filbert St., Philada.

My Dear Friend: Yours with the inclosure is most grateful fully received. I turn it all into the charity account, as the Morning Star account and that run together. I do not remember if I told you about the 800 from Mrs. Astor. Her friendship and loyalty to us have been of the greatest possible value this Spring, as she communicates directly with the Presidents.

I am curious to tell you that we are to lose Miss Ride on the 1st of July. If I make an equally good choice, it will take another seven years education to fill her place. Have you any suggestions to make? Dr. Phoebe and Rev. Miller of Penn-Mor are coming here next. I have written and asked Mr. and Mrs. Morris and Mayer Fox to come too. If you are at all able to be of the party, I will assure you, it will give all of us a good time of pleasure to see you. The Home Visiting Students leave on Tuesday, so that you would see them. Many changes are pending and I would be greatly pleased to have you help us to consider them. The cylinder press has arrived and is and about ready for work. I wish you could persuade Mrs. Farnum to come too, so that she might see how much she has done for us.

June 10, 1880.

To-day, Thomas Dorgan,

President, R. I.

My dear Sir: I received yours and the article some
while ago, and I have had quite a number printed and sent around to
our friends. The only point where I feel you misapprehend me is,
I am sure, to the older Indians. I feel that my plans take them
into account quite as fully as the plans of any other. Many people
talk about the influences upon the older ones of the home schools,
and think that because they have such schools, with the Indiana laws
on them, the older ones make more progress from the influence of
the young ones than with them; but they do, having their children
more. My superiors do not sustain this impression. It would be
very difficult to have the above comparisons instituted to
prove which had the greater influence on children working away from
their parents, having the higher and better intelligence they
require removed from the agency of children working under their
parents in the schools at the agency. With our children, it is
like throwing the influence of civilized teacher or person into
the mix. To make statements against us and in favor of the other
is simply to oppose the sending of our teachers to Indiana. What
we want to do for Indians is, to get as much of the United States
lawyer as can be made up for us. I should show you hundreds

VOL. 12

["June 17, 1886.", "Chief "iller,", "Name of Capt. Lee,", "Darlington, I. T.", "My Friends:", "Your daughter Maud sent me your letter to her in which you\nagain ask her to come home. You know she came here for 5 years.\nShe has yet one more year to stay; then I should be very glad to\nsend her home. She will be quite a woman, and can not only help\nyou, but can even kelp in the schools or something of that kind.\nWe are sending a small party of the Cheyenne or Arapahoe children\nhome next week—those who have been here five years or more.", "Maud is very well, and is getting to be quite a woman. I\nhope to see you myself in August.", "With kind remembrances to all my old friends among the Chey-\nennes,", "NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF\nTHE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.", "VOL. 12"]

VOL. 12

June 22, 1936

Miss E. Collins,

41 W. 11 Street, N.Y.

Dear Friend:

The presses, type, etc., have arrived, and the boys are slowly unpacking and examining. I am certainly very greatly obliged to you for sending us such a liberal donation, from which I shall have quite a little to spare for Mr. Menaul, our Presbyterian Missionary at Laguna, who I think is doing a good work in printing and distributing Spanish tracts.

I enclose to you my check for $27, covering the bill you sent. Please have it receipted and returned to me. Every thing seems to be in good order.

65

June 23, 1880.

Miss Flora F. Lowe,
Homewood School,

Jubilee, Peoria Co., Ill.

Dear Madam:

I have your letter and its enclosures which I will retain un-
til you arrive at Carlisle. Would much rather you came at once,
in order that we might the better plan for the adjustment of our
work the beginning of September. If practicable come here on
your way east after the close of your school year at Homewood.
After being here a few days, you could take a vacation if you de-
sired. We are making a number of changes this year and it is
material to us to form a better acquaintance with you early. I
have hopes that it may be material to you also.

Miss Campbell is not one of our teachers. I do not recall
that I have heard of her.

VOL. 12

66

June 23, 1886.

Prof. R. W. D. Bryan,

Supt. Indian School,

Albuquerque, N. M.

My Dear Bryan:

After diligent inquiry on the part of one of my most persistent employees, it is impossible to find that the lads, Whetmore, spoke to any of our employees for permission to see Bert. We called up Bert himself who says that he met the Bert Whetmore from Warren, up on one of the walks of the ground. He says that one of the other boys came to the quarters and told him that this boy wanted to see him. The Indian boys who hunted up Bert for Bert confirm what Bert says. The boys made no application to any official at the school for permission to meet Bert Whetmore.

Under these circumstances, I do not see that any apology is due from us. If the lads had come to the Office or gone to any of the teachers or employees and explained the circumstance, there is no spirit in this school that would have denied them.

VOL. 12

June 24, 1886.

Rev. J. M. Hobbs,
Greenwich, Conn.

Dear Sirs:

Your letter in regard to your sister is referred to me from
Hampton. We still have room for one teacher at this school, and
I am considering several applicants.

While it is quite doubtful if we could offer your sister a
place, I would be glad to have a letter from her giving me some
account of her experience as a teacher and her qualifications.
Among what Indians did your parents work?

VOL. 12

June 28, 1938,

Joseph Little Brava,
Rosebud Agency, Dakota,

My Dear Joseph:

I have received two or three letters from you but have paid
no attention to them because you did not pay any attention to the
rules and regulations of this school. You left without any right
or leave. Your place is here. I expect you to come back here,
Be a man about it. When you do that, then I will regard your
wishes. You set a very bad example for the boys of this school,
and have occasioned me a good deal of trouble from your bad ex-
amples. You are one of the oldest and knew better. The way for
you to make it right is to return and take your place at the school
and when you leave it, leave in the regular way, not run away like
a coward.

VOL. 12

76

July 1, 1930.

D. B. Handis,
Allentown, Pa.

Dear Sir:

I requested to be furnished with a copy of your program for
the Convention. None of your several letters fixes the date, nor
have I seen anything in the papers.

July 1, 1930.

Thos. B. Kennedy,
Pres. Cumb'd. V. R. R.
Chambersburg, Pa.

Dear Sir:

I am invited to be present before the State Teachers Con-
vention at Allentown with a party of my teachers and pupils and
give illustration of our methods. The Convention expects to pay
for our care and any expense of transportation; but would be glad
to have me make the best arrangements I can.

With this statement I submit the matter to you and request
transportation for myself and party of 20; but the party will
probably not exceed 17. We shall leave here Wednesday next, 7th
inst., and return Thursday.

VOL. 12

July 1, 1906.

C. G. Hancock,
Gen. Pas. & Tkt. Agt.,
P. & R. R. R., Philada., Pa.

Dear Sirs:

I am desired to go before the State Teachers Association at Allentown next Wednesday with a party of our students and teachers numbering probably 20 in all and shall be obliged to you for the best transportation arrangement you feel willing to make for us, from Harrisburg to Allentown and return. I may say that I have free pass over the C. V. R. R. to and from Harrisburg.

Very truly yours,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 12

88

July 10, 1990.

Dessie Prescott,

Colora, Cecil Co., Md.

My Dear Dessie:

I got you good note some days ago but have been very very busy. I think I see you in your nice home--surrounded by kind friends with so many nice things to make you happy. Plenty of rich milk, and good food to eat, I can almost imagine you are growing fatter every day.

Miss Dittis went home early last week. She was quite sick before she started. Miss Hyde is still here but expects to go in about a week. I have not found anyone to put in her place. We are all very sorry to have her go away.

Letters from a good many of the students who returned indicate a desire to come back to Carlisle. I shall hope to bring back a goodly number in the Fall. You will be glad to see Jaemima who went down this morning to live near you. If you find a good place, I will let Edith come too. Give my regards to Mr. Balderston and all the family and to the other girls.

Your friend,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 12

89

July 10, 1986.

John Archiquette,
Oneida, Ark.

My Dear Sir:

Your daughter Christine has greatly improved and is up and about, but she lost so much blood, and the Doctor fears a recurrence of the hemorrhage.

We have been consulting together whether it would not be best to send her home. I will determine about that early next week.

Very truly yours friend,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 12

92

July 12, 1886.

Lefthand, Arapahoe Chief,

Darlington, I.T.

My Dear Friend:

Minnie's mother is writing her about coming home, and keeps
Minnie in a discontented mind about it.

It is very much better for Minnie to spend one or two years
more here than to go home now. She has made great improvement but
in one or two years more she will add to that improvement enough
to more than pay for her remaining: and as her friend, and a
friend of yours and her mother's, I give this advice, that you had
better write to her and tell her to remain at least one more year
at Carlisle. She is well and happy; but because her mother asks
her to come home she feels as though she ought to go.

I hope you will get together a good party of Arapahoe children
for me when I come out. Write me at once about this.

Your friend,

VOL. 12

93

July 12, 1986.

Brainard Rice,

Treas. South Congregational Sunday School,
South Farmington, Mass.

My Dear Sirs:

Enclosed find my receipt.

VOL. 12

July 12, 1886.

E. Hoopes,

Downingtown, Pa.

Dear Friend:

I received your letter of the 8th and wrote Minnie. I trust
she will be contented to remain East, and will so inform her people
If she does not, I will make further arrangement. I am glad you
like Eliza. Our ladies here thought you would like her.

July 12, 1886.

Percy Zedoka,

Ward, Pa.

My Dear Percy:

I send you a letter from Agent Hall which speaks for itself.
You will see that he commends your wisdom in remaining East, and I
am very glad.

Write to your people at once. Give your reason for staying
East as he suggested. Send this letter back to me.

VOL. 12

VOL. 12

July 12, 1886.

Wounded Yellowrobe,

Newhope, Penna.

My Dear Boys:

I got your letter and am glad to see that you are contented
and happy and making yourself useful. You are on the right track,
and make no mistake when you try to please the people you are work-
ing for and to do the best you can.

I think perhaps you had better return in September, but will
not say just now positively. Before that time, some one from the
School will visit you and find out what is best to be done, but
in the mean time be faithful and industrious and do your work well
and come back with a good name and I shall be pleased with that.

Your friend,

97

July 16, 1880.

G. W. Paxton,
Hunters Run, Pa.

Dear Sirs:

On receipt of your complaint about my Indian boys, I sent my School Physician, Dr. Given, to make an examination into your allegation, and I enclose you his report. You seem to have taken matters into your own hands and as you threaten to move upon us I do not see that there is anything left to be done but to await your action. If you had made a proper complaint with the idea of amicable arrangement I should cheerfully have met you. We have no intention that our boys should annoy any one, and as far as I can see they did not seem to have been specially culpable in what they did in your cherry trees. They seem to have simply been engaged in the same business that other boys or girls or men or women are engaged in. I have been absent several days, or would have suffered you sooner.

I have been ready to settle for the coal at any time; but as it is a Government transaction, it will be necessary for us to have vouchers in the regular way and these will have to be signed.

VOL. 12

99

July 16, 1887.

Nancy McIntosh,

Eufaula, Ind. Ter.

My Dear Nancy!

I got you letter some days ago, and have been looking up the
two matters of which you spoke. I find <u>by</u> referring to my books
that I had nothing to do with the money that was sent here to pur-
chase <u>chival</u> tickets for the students to return. They were purchased by
Mr Callahan, so that I am exonerated from any accountability for
the <u>banking</u>. In reference to the $10, you will remember that you were
sick and had a doctor when at Mr. Walton's. My books show that I
sent Dr. Markley $10 to pay your bill, and afterwards used the $10
sent to you to cover that. It is very clear to several of us that
you knew all about it at the time. I suppose, though, you had
forgotten it. Miss Hyde remembers it distinctly and so does Miss
Ely.

Mary Perry has returned home since you left, and Nellie Carey
has gone down into Maryland to stay during the vacation. Josie,
Jemima and Nellie are all near each other. 54 of the girls and 100
of the boys are out in families for vacation. I am very sorry to
hear about Minnie.

VOL. 12

N. Yd.

100

Miss Hyde goes away from Carlisle next Monday and will not return. She goes into a large school in Brooklyn. All of the teachers are away for vacation except Miss Cutter, Miss Philips and Miss Semple. We are building 45 feet additional to the girls' quarters, running it out to the road; and have put a hall clear through the building on the first and second floors so that the rooms can be entered from the hall and the girls have more private quarters. Expect to take down the large boys' quarters and rebuild it and make it three stories and wider so that the boys may have rooms small enough that only two or three may be in each room.

Everything goes well with us. I shall be glad to hear from you often and to know how all of our Greeks are getting on.

Your friend,

VOL. 12

VOL. 12

106

July 27, 1836.

Mrs. C. W. D. W. Stannard,

381 Franklin Ave., Brooklyn.

Dear Mrs. Stannard:

It has indeed been quite a long time since I wrote or heard
from you, and I am very greatly pleased to get your letter remind-
ing me of your continued interest in Carlisle. I have known sev-
eral times that Joshua went to see you. Am very sorry to hear
the loss of your son, whose interest in our party I will remember.
I am sorry too, that you have not the health and strength to fol-
low your great heart in the work that you might then do for the
Indians. We need a very great/enlarged interest in the Indian
work in order to succeed. The friends of the Indians will need to
stand firm through all these changes, or they will go backwards.
Many new men are to be educated; who are to find out how futile
hastily formed opinions and plans are.

One of my best helps has gone to Brooklyn, and I trust that
we may have more interest from Brooklyn in our Carlisle work.
Somehow, we never seemed to be accepted and endorsed there more
than in the meetings which you arranged. Scarcely any help at all
came to us. Philadelphia, New York and Boston gave to us largely.

VOL. 12

117

August 5,

Prof. R. W. D. Bryan,
Sept. Indian Schools,
Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Dear Sir:

I suppose you are informed before this of the appointment of
a new Agent for the Pueblos. I trust things may go better with
us all on account of it, but have fears. The new man will be
practically incompetent for a year or two on account of his want
of knowledge of the people and the work. By the time he becomes
qualified, he will doubtless be superseeded by another who will be-
gin with the same disqualification he did.

I expect to visit New Mexico in Sept. or Oct., and will under-
take to do what I can for the pupils you speak of, if they can be
caught and you still think it is best to send them here. In your
work, I think the Church might very profitably take advanced pupils
from your school into some of its Normal or advanced schools in
the East through an arrangement which could be made by which the
government appropriation of $107 per capita would be allowed
Towards the cost. I had a talk with the new Superintendent of
Schools, Mr. Rilly, a few days ago on that subject and he agreed

VOL. 12

118

L. Prof. R.W.D. Bryan.

What it would be a wise course to pursue. I know I do not agree with you in what is to be done in the way of organizing and pushing Indian Schools. I do not believe in perpetuating any of the systems which say to the Indian,--you are to remain exclusively Indians,--and all purely Indian Schools do that, whether Carlisle School, Albuquerque or any other. I believe in the Government undertaking the education of the whole mass of children; and I think all Indian workers should press for that object until it is accomplished. ~~From all Indian Schools we should push out the best pupils into the white schools of the country. By such means we will soon wear away the antagonisms between the races and bring about the feeling of contentment, friendly competition and association absolutely essential to end strife. There are plenty of good Normal Schools open to Indian youth who are fitted to go into such training, and the country is already full of teachers. Why contemplate delay in the work until Indian teachers are prepared? The best of them will be found weak help in any event,~~

We are passing through a period of depression in our work, but things will grow better.

VOL. 12

119

August 15, 1915

Miss A. G. Fletcher,

Care of Mr. Chas. S. Fee,

Genl. Pass. Agt. N. P. R. R.,

St. Paul, Minn.

Dear Miss Fletcher:

I suggest that in your inspection of schools, you give attention to the dormitory conditions in each case. Are the children herded together in great rooms, or are they, as much as practicable, thrown into small rooms, two or three in a room? Air space is important. For sleeping there should not be less than 500 cubic feet for each youth. It is easy to find out the contents of a room and the proportion to each pupil. Another point is the sleeping. Have they double or single beds. If double, are more than two students placed in a bed? At several Agency schools I have visited, I found children sleeping three and four in a bed, and in one place, in rooms not larger than they ought to be for two, I found eight students sleeping in double beds--four in a bed. There should be no double beds used in Indian Schools. They pro-

VOL. 12

120

Miss Fletcher.

mote immorality, and break down our effort to create individuality.

Ventilation of dormitories is equally important. Are there transoms for arrangement of windows so that air can be admitted freely?

The Indian has lived out of doors, and it is necessary the outer air should be brought in freely for use. Look to the use of sheets and pillow cases, and their proper renovation. I think you might inquire most minutely about all these matters. The bed or the mattress, are they comfortable, or worn and thin and solled? Is there vermin? How often are the dormitories scrubbed? What supply of clothing has each pupil? How often is the under-clothing changed, and the outer clothing? How kept in repair? Battling with vermin.

What are vermin? How often but rarely.

I heard you say enough about the food to indicate that you are alive to the importance of that. Little or no bacon or pork should be used in Indian Schools. They are meat eating people, and their Buffalo, Deer and Elk are food similar to our beef. The use of vegetables, and the civilized methods of treating foods, are important.

Air space in school rooms is an important matter to look into.

If there is good ventilation, and as they are in their school rooms in waking hours, 250 cubic feet will do. Do the best we can in the way of cleanliness, Indians give out more foulness from

VOL. 12

Miss Fletcher.

their bodies than whites, and no congregation of children can be
made entirely free from those who are suffering ailments which
foul the air more or less rapidly. We have had a number of cases
at this school of apparently healthy children, the odors from whom,
made it exceedingly offensive for the others to room with them.

Systems of teaching you will observe more or less, of course.
The Word and object methods are the best. The old ABC method
should be discarded. If the children are pressed hard on the
lines of English speaking, no Indian child after six months in
school, need be unable to make sufficient use of the English lan-
guage to answer the purposes of school life; and being compelled
to use the English, progress becomes very rapid. Scarcely an In-
dian word is now uttered among our students, although a large
number came to us last Fall. At least a hundred could speak no
English last September. The importance of all the Indians learn-
ing and making use of the English language need not be commented
upon.

The quality of school employes is of the most importance in
all school efforts. The idea so prevalent that anybody is good
enough for a teacher in an Indian school, is most hurtful. Teach-
ers should not only have been sufficiently educated for their

VOL. 12

122

Miss Fletcher.

Positions, but they should have had a successful experience before entering the Indian work. Both in the school work and in the Missionary work is has been too much the custom to make use of the hacks and failures of civilization. If it is difficult and requires skill and capacity to advance children of our own race who are surrounded by so many natural incentives and helps, how much more difficult it is to bring forward those who have no outside helps. I regard the habit of the Indian Department of allowing whole families to enter the school or Agency service as most mischievous. The cases are very rare indeed where such practices are productive of good. What is needed in all this Indian work is to bring to bear a great variety of experience and capacity. Now life, new ideas and new energies must flow in from many quarters. Views, arguments and impulses must be brought to bear to disintegrate, to scatter. I think every school should be made the strongest possible medium for building up a notion to emigrate from the tribe--to get out into the world--to struggle with the masses. The young Indian, instead of being taught to be ambitious to rule and govern in the little sphere of his tribe, should be taught to become ambitious to make his mark in the world at large. My experience confirms that this principle is not necessarily of

VOL. 12

123

Miss Fletcher.

slow growth, nor is the ability to accomplish much denied this generation. Indians take on by accretion just like other people and fully as rapidly. Place a young Indian on a sailing vessel, among sailors, and in a limited time he will run to the top of the mast and furl the sails quite as dexterously as the white lad under the same circumstances. The problem is to get him into the vessel. Hence my planting out system which is thoroughly successful. I will not say more. Your large experience and observation, will I am sure, confirm all that I have here said and will lead you to grasp other points.

Please make my respectful greeting to your travelling companions, and with a most hearty wish from us all for your pleasant journey, I am,

VOL. 12

August 5,

Rev. John Monadl,
Laguna, New Mexico.

Mr. Dear Friend;

When the type arrived, I found it simply a great variety of worn job type. There was nothing in the lot that would be of much use to you except a paper cutter. There is a good 20 inch paper cutter. It is old fashioned and heavy. There are also two small job presses that I could send you--suitable for small work; the sizes are about 8x11. I would send you gladly any of these at once on notice from you that you would like to have them. I have no funds to pay transportation, but will get you the best rate I can. I think the paper cutter would be quite what you want. I have not unboxed it. We have one of the same size already.

I hope to get into New Mexico in September or October. Many difficulties have confronted me since I saw you last. I have not been able to do what I have wanted to do for you nor many other things for Carlisle. I have you in mind constantly, and only the want of opportunity interferes to prevent me doing all that you want me, or that I thought I could do. Those who have helped

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126

August 5, 6

John M. Watson,

Supt. of Missions,

Lock Box 159, Seneca, Mo.

My Dear Friend:

I have had both Cinda and Charleswrite to Daniel and Lillie
as asked. Cinda and Charley told me both Daniel and Lillie were
at a White'school in Indiana; and it seems to me that it would be
the part of wisdom to let them go back there. I have a very high
opinion of the management of that Institution and have no doubt
that the Superintendent would be very glad to have them return.
I make no objection to their coming here and only say this as a
suggestion.

I should be very glad to see the Agent with the party at Car-
lisle, and quite agree with you about the advantages of having
the Agency officials take an interest in school matters and in
visiting our school. I need all you say about other matters and
can only advise you that we must be patient and do the best we can
still a charge comes.

VOL. 12

To John Watson.

The Peoria girl you can name in your list when you send me their names, ages and descriptions, and give any special reasons you may have, why she ought to come and I will submit them for action to the Department. The success of the application is doubtful on account of her age; but we will try.

You understand that it is necessary I should have the names and ages and tribes of the children before I can ask for transportation for them. This makes the work of securing children much more difficult. Still we must try to comply.

127

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129

August 10,

William Shakespeare,

Fort Washakie, Wyoming.

Dear Friend:

I am glad to hear from you again, and that you and Somner
are still helping in the School. The paper will be sent to you
regularly as you request.

We are getting on very well at Carlisle. Vacation now you
know. Over 200 boys and girls are out with farmers. Over 200
at the School are digging away--getting every thing ready for the
new school year in September.

I shall soon go out to the Indian Ter. and New Mexico and
Arizona and to Dakota after a new lot of pupils.

Your friend,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 12

August 19th,

Left Hand, Arapahoe Chief,
Darlington, I.T.

My Dear Friend:

I expect to start for your Agency next week with my oldest daughter, and to ask your people and the Cheyennes for a good strong party of your boys and girls to bring back to Carlisle. I hope you and the other leading men of the Arapahoes will help me all you can to secure strong, healthy children who are anxious to learn. I do not want any under 12 years of age. The small ones can go to your Agency school best, and I would rather not have any over 10 years of age; but if there are some good ones that are 10 or even 20, I may take them when I see them. I want as many girls as boys, so that we may do the best work for your people.

I am glad to tell you that Minnie is strong, able, capable house-keeper and a good woman. She will return to Carlisle in September and give herself one good year's schooling more, then I think, she can return home, if you and her mother are not willing to let her stay longer. I anticipate a great deal of pleasure in meeting my old friends among the Arapahoes and Cheyennes, and us especially my friend, Left Hand.

V.

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136

August 10, 1935,

James R. Marie,

Pawnee Agency, I.T.

My Dear Friend:

I have been away from home or your letter would have arrived an earlier answer.

Please say to my friend, Comanche Chief, that Phebe's son will be out in October, '38, but she will probably, under orders of the Department, return to her Agency at the end of the school year, in June, '38. Tell him that Phebe is doing remarkably well, that we all take pleasure in her advancement; that I hope he will be contented to let her stay, and will write and encourage her to do her best. Letters from the parents and friends at home encouraging the boys and girls to push hard after an education, are a great stimulus.

I congratulate you, my friend, on your own success. I hope your career may be a most useful one to yourself, your people and to the world. You have made many friends by your good conduct and can make many more not only for yourself by for the whole Indian race.

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VOL. 12

August 19th,

Miss E. C. Smead,

Carlisle, Pa.

Dear Miss Smead:

Somebody signed a Reader of the Helper, asks Miss Ely for information which is to be sent to you. In her absence I answer:

Q. --How long since Capt. Pratt first thought of making an Indian School? A. --From 15 to 18 years.

Q. --How did he come to think about it? A. --From being in charge of Indians at Fort Arbuckle, Fort Sill and other points in the Indian Territory, and witnessing the trifling character of the schools attempted among the Indians.

Q. --Did he teach any of the Indians before he came to Carlisle? A. --Yes, he taught Indians in some directions--industrial and in a military way while in the Indian country. Also, when in charge of prisoners in Florida from '75 to '78. Also, he established and aided the Indian branch of Hampton Institute, '78 and 9.

Q. --Where did the Indians come from who were first scholars at Carlisle? A. --The nucleus was 11 of the prisoner Indians Capt. Pratt had with him in Florida, and afterwards at Hampton. The other 147, who formed the school when it began, Nov. 1st, '79, were made up of Sioux, Cheyennes and Arapahoes, Kiowas and Comanches, Pawnees and Poncas, from the Indian Territory.

Q. --When was the school opened at Carlisle? A. --The first delegation of students arrived from the Sioux of Dakota, Oct. 5th, 1879.

Q. --How many scholars were in the first, and each succeeding year? A. --The first year ending Oct. 5th, '80, was an aggregate of 239 children under care for that year. The second year, 295. The third year, 393. The fourth year, 396. The fifth year, 500. The sixth year, 543. The present year, 604.

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 12

August 30th, 6

Major J. M. Bell,

Acting Indian Agent,

Pine Ridge Agency, Dak.

Dear Sir;

I have received authority from the Indian Department to go West after 135 pupils. In designating the Agencies to which I would go, Pine Ridge was included; and if you think I can get anywheres from 30 to 40 suitable pupils, over 13, under 13 years, equal numbers of boys and girls, I shall come to Pine Ridge after sending parties from Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Kiowas and Comanches and Pueblos and Navajoes, from all of which points children are offered. In case we make up a party of 20 or more, I would like some capable person to come in with them, whose expenses would be paid in and back. I shall have my daughter with me, and come across from Denver and Cheyenne if that route is practicable, and arrive about the middle of October. I will be very much obliged to you, if on the receipt of this you will write me at Albuquerque, N.M., whether you think it practicable to get the pupils or not. I shall be in Albuquerque about the 30th of September.

Very truly yours,

Capt. & Subt.

154

A g s . c o h .

R. N. John Robinson,

Pine Ridge Agency, Dak.

My Dear Friend:

Years of the 26th of Aug. is just received, and your appre-
ciation of the bugg is ample pay. I trust it may give you good
service.

I leave tomorrow for the Indian Territory, New Mexico and
Arizona after pupils, and shall be at Pine Ridge towards the midd
of October providing, I have favorable replies from Major Bell in
regard to a delegation of pupils for Carlisle.

I note what you say about the Bureau. It is getting pretty
rickety. The Lincoln Institution seems to be in some local diff-
culty here. Mr. Johnson is not especially adapted to do
any kind of work for Indians. I know him well.

I note also what you say about the school at Yankton. I
would be glad to have a full letter from you reach me in Albuq-
que, New Mexico, about the 10th or 20th of September, telling me
all you can about the prospect for children for Carlisle. I would
write from 20 to 40 both sexes. I have no doubt Maj. Bell will

VOL. 12

Please Note:

In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the
available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified
here with a check (✓) mark.

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6. Indistinct broken or small print on several pages

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8. Computer print out pages with indistinct print

9. Page (s) missing when material received, and not available
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10. Page (s) seem to be missing in pagination only as text follows

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