(Dictated but not read by Mr. Klaasen.)

Henry V. Klaasen

Sincerely yours,

Kind regards.

baba.

I hope very much that you will be able to do the
outlines before the meetings begin and complete them afterward.
a homogeneous volume would be for the contributors to prepare
schedule. It seems to me that the best solution for producing
toward the end of the week so that this would fit into your
I am sure that we could have the Seminar meetings

This should give you some of the answers to your first questions.
INTELLIGENZ ODER, the book which was done by the Center.

Under separate cover I am sending you a copy of

Europe, put before me so I want to send this note off to you.
Your letter arrived just as I am leaving for

Dear Henry:

New Haven, Connecticut
Yale University
Department of Economics
Professor Henry C. Millikan

September 18, 1963

YALE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

HENRY C. WALLICH
*Professor of Economics*

September 13, 1963

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Henry:

The suggestion you make in your letter of September 5 strikes
me as very interesting and I should like to do it if I possibly can.
Right now I am pretty badly loaded down, but there is a good chance that
these commitments will ease.

May I ask a few questions?

1. What is the approximate length of the manuscript to be?

2. What kind of an audience do you aim at? This would determine whether the paper is to be highly technical or suitable also for the general reader.

3. Do you know on what days of the week you plan to have your seminars? I can probably get away on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday as well as possibly Wednesday afternoons, but not easily on Monday and Tuesday.

4. It is not quite clear to me whether you want the manuscript by the beginning of the seminars or at their end. If the purpose of the seminars is to produce a homogeneous volume, I should think the manuscript should be written during or after the seminars, but the wording of your letter leaves me uncertain.

In part my ability to do the job will depend on the kind of
material that I can lay my hands on. Projections for Germany have been
made by EEC and OECD, but I do not know how much has been produced by
German sources. Analyses of the present situation have been made in fair
number. As soon as I hear from you and feel reasonably certain that there

September 5, 1963

Professor Henry Wallich
Department of Economics
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Dear Henry:

I remember our meeting at the German-American
Conference with the greatest of pleasure. I am writing to
you today to ask your advice about a book we are planning to
prepare under the auspices of the Center.

The idea for the book grew out of the feeling here
at the Center that in many respects less is known about trends in
European Societies after the war than about most other topics.
We are, therefore, trying to publish a series of books about those
features of various European societies particularly relevant to
an understanding of their present dynamics. We have published
one book about France. We are now thinking of doing one on
Germany.

The proposed book will seek to analyze the situation
of the Federal Republic of Germany and project trends into the
future. The purpose would be to understand the nature of
politics in the Federal Republic, the sociological structure,
the nature of its economy, how the new Germany conceives its
role in the world and the impact of the division of the country
on its future course. An attempt should be made to determine
the historical roots of contemporary conditions and by definition
to assay the vitality of the new elements.

In the past, we have found it useful to assign a topic
and then assemble the group of authors once a week over a period
of two to three months. In this way, we hope to avoid the danger
that the book turns into a series of disconnected articles.

that the book turns into a series of disconnected articles.
of two to three months. In this way, we hope to avoid the danger
and then assemble the group of authors once a week over a period
In the past, we have found it useful to select a topic

to select the vitality of the new elements.
the historical roots of contemporary conditions and by definition
on its future course. An attempt should be made to determine
role in the world and the impact of the division of the country
the future of its economy, how the new Germany conceives its
politics in the Federal Republic, the ecological structure,
today. The purpose would be to understand the nature of
of the Federal Republic of Germany and project trends into the
The proposed book will seek to analyze the situation

Germany.
one book about France. We are now thinking of doing one on
anDETAINING of their present dynamics. We have investigated
technology of various European societies particularly relevant to
We are, therefore, trying to publish a series of books about those
European Societies after the war than about most other topics.
at the Center that in many respects less is known about trends in
The idea for the book grew out of the feeling here

bore about the aspects of the Center.
you today to ask your advice about a book we are planning to
Conference with the greatest of blessures. I am writing to
I remember our meeting at the German-American

Dear Henry:

New Haven, Connecticut
Yale University
Department of Economics
Professor Henry Mallich

September 2, 1963

Professor Henry Wallich

- 2 -

September 5, 1963

It had been our hope that you might be willing to do a
paper about the prospects for the German economy. We could pay you
$1,000 upon completion of your article and any expenses you might
have in coming to Harvard for the Seminars. We are planning to hold
the Seminars from the middle of March until the end of April, and
it would be helpful to have your manuscript by then.

Could you let me know about this as soon as possible?
If you cannot do it, whom would you suggest?

With kind regards.

Henry V. Kissinger

With kind regards.

It would be helpful to have your manuscript by then.
the Seminar from the middle of March until the end of April, and
have in coming to Harvard for the Seminars. We are planning to hold
$1,000 upon completion of your article and any expenses you might
babe about the brochures for the German economy. We could pay you
It had been our hope that you might be willing to do a

Professor Henry Wallich

- 3 -

September 3, 1963

April 10, 1964

Mr. Peter H. Merkl
Department of Political Science
University of California, Santa Barbara
University, California

Dear Mr. Merkl:

I am embarrassed not to have replied before this to
your letter of March 11th. However, I have been out of town
almost constantly since it arrived and also I wanted to wait
until I had something definite to tell you.

We have now fixed a date for the discussions on the
German book. We plan to meet here at the Center on Thursday,
April 23rd from 3:00-5:00 p.m. and on Friday, April 24th
from 9:00-11:00 a.m. We would be delighted if you would find
it possible to attend.

The participants will be: Professor K.D. Bracher, Center
for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California;
Alain Clement, Washington correspondent for *Le Monde*; Professor
Ralf Dahrendorf, Soziologisches Seminar der Universitat, Tübingen,
Germany; Professor Klaus Epstein, Department of History, Brown University,
Professor Ferenc Vali, Department of Political Science, University of
Massachusetts; Professor Robert Bowie, Director of the Center for
International Affairs at Harvard; Professor Carl Friedrich, Government
Department at Harvard; Professor Stanley Hoffmann, Government Department
at Harvard; Dr. Stephen Graubard, Editor of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences; Melvin Croan, who is connected with the Russian
Research Center at Harvard and Karl Kaiser, a research associate here
at the Center.

Do let me know whether you are coming.

and signed in his presence.
 Dictated by Mr. Kießinger
 Henry V. Kießinger

Sincerely yours,

Do let us know whether you are coming.

at the Center.
Research Center at Harvard and Karl Kaiser, a research associate here
Arts and Sciences; Melvin Croun, who is connected with the Russian
at Harvard; Dr. Stephen Grunberg, Editor of the American Academy of
Department at Harvard; Professor Stanley Hoffmann, Government Department
International Affairs at Harvard; Professor Carl Friedrich, Government
Massachusetts; Professor Robert Bowie, Director of the Center for
Professor Ernest Vail, Department of Political Science, University of
Germany; Professor Klaus Eberlein, Department of History, Brown University,
Vail Department, Sostochisches Seminar der Universitäts, Tübingen,
Vilain Clement, Washington correspondent for Le Morgen; Professor
to Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California;
The participants will be: Professor K.D. Bruecker, Center

it possible to attend.

from 9:00-11:00 a.m. We would be delighted if you would join
April 23rd from 3:00-2:00 p.m. and on Friday, April 24th
German peak. We plan to meet here at the Center on Thursday,
We have now fixed a date for the discussions on the

until I had something definite to tell you.
Almost constantly since it arrived and also I wanted to wait
your letter of March 1st. However, I have been out of town
I am embarrassed not to have replied before this to

Dear Mr. Merki:

University, California
University of California, Santa Barbara
Department of Political Science
Mr. Peter H. Merki

April 10, 1964

April 21, 1964

Dean Franklin L. Ford
Faculty of Arts and Sciences
University Hall 5

Dear Franklin:

At the end of this week, April 23rd from 3:00-5:00 p.m. and April 24th from 9:00-11:00 a.m., we are having some informal discussions about the book on Germany which you know about. The following are participating: Professor K.D. Bracher, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California; Alain Clement, Washington correspondent for *Le Monde*; Professor Klaus Epstein, Department of History, Brown University; Professor Ferenc Vali, Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts; Professor Robert Bowie, Professor Carl Friedrich, Professor Stanley Hoffmann, Dr. Stephen Graubard, Professor Charles Kindleberger, Melvin Croan and Karl Kaiser, a research associate at the Center for International Affairs.

We will be discussing the two enclosed papers as well as outlines from others. I know you have a heavy schedule but if there is any part of our session that you would be able to attend, we would enjoy it very much.

April 27, 1964

Possible themes for a paper on the German Postwar Economy

1. Continuity and discontinuity:

The change in factor proportions (loss of capital and accretion of labor) but the same structure of industry and comparative advantage: heavy industry, chemicals, machinery; defense expenditure, then, now and in prospect.

The introduction of Sozialmarktwirtschaft, with competition, decartelization, etc., and the persistence of business agreement.

The destruction of the economic base of the Junkers, but the persistence of an agrarian grip on politics through the peasants.

2. The quest for identity:

Sublimation of war guilt in work in the early stage.

Trade-union submission or enlightened long-run self-interest which limited demands for income.

The rising level of household savings along with wages and salaries as a share of national income, thus assisting to stabilize. (The Friedman permanent-income hypothesis)

3. An inward or an outward Germany:

The contrast with the autarky of the 1930s: cooperation at all levels from OEEC to EEC; the rise of the Deutschemark to an international currency; reparations, 1920s and to Israel; German borrowing of the 1920s and lending now.

4. Doctrine vs. pragmatism:

How much Sozial and how much marktwirtschaft?

Fiscal Policy for Growth, including government provision of savings for private use in a free-enterprise economy.

Income redistribution, or wealth redistribution. Reality of social policy, or window dressing.

C. P. Kindleberger

March 12, 1965

Professor Robert R. Bowie
Director
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue

Dear Bob:

I am sending you a copy of the
papers which we have mimeographed for
the Conference.

I thought it might speed things
up if you might have a chance to go
over them before the meeting.

April 8, 1964

MEMORANDUM

TO: Robert Bowie

FROM: Henry Kissinger

This is just to let you know that we have definitely scheduled the discussions on the German book for Thursday, April 23rd from 3:00-5:00 p.m. and Friday, April 24th from 9:00-11:00 a.m. here at the Center.

Mr. Tomory has given me your message about Margie Lynch. Simply for the record, I want to make clear that I was not aware of some of the problems with the Center when I hired her though she has worked to my complete satisfaction.

As long as we maintain adjoining offices, I would suggest that in the future any such comments be passed to me directly. I will do what I can within the limits of the requirements of her job.

Page 2

V. <u>Rise of the "sceptical generation"</u>

A. The supersession of the youth movement

B. The "privatisation of life"

C. The new pragmatic temper and indifference to romantic idealist past

D. The role of the schools

VI. <u>The Role of the Universities</u>

A. New problems straining traditional forms

B. Survival (and revival) of anachronistic elements (few Professors, enslaved assistants, revival of Korps and fencing)

C. Proposals for University Reform

VII. <u>The Role of the Press</u>

A. Factual survey, circulation, ownership

B. Reliable pro-democratic attitudes--variegated points of view--but over-all provincialism

VIII. <u>Trends in Literature</u>

A. The Domination of the Leftist clique (Group 47)

B. The attempt to deal with the Nazi past (from Salomon to Gunther Grass)

C. The insignificant role of literature in contemporary Germany

IX. <u>Summary and Historical Perspective</u>

A. "The Americanisation" of German life: part slogan, part mis-conception balanced by "restoration elements"

B. The Decline of German Cultural Influence in the World

C. Aftermath of Nazism--but also a part of world-wide triumph of philistime, materialistic "mass civilization"

philosophical, materialistic "mass civilization"

C. Accomplishment of Nazism--but also a part of world-wide triumph of

A. "The Americanization" of German life: part slogan, part mis-
summarized

(Grass)

B. The attempt to deal with the Nazi beat (from Salomon to Guntzer

A. The Domination of the Leftist citADE (Group 4)

put over-all provincialism

B. Relevant pro-democratic attitudes--variegated points of view--

A. Ractual survey, circulation, ownership

AII. <u>The Role of the Press</u>

(fencing)

B. Survival (and revival) of anachronistic elements (ten
Professors, elevated assistants, revival of Korbe and

AII. <u>The Role of the Universities</u>

D. The role of the schools

idealist beat

C. The new pragmatic temper and inditference to romantic

B. The "privatization of life"

A. The subordination of the youth movement

A. <u>Rise of the "scepticalGENERATION"</u>

Page 3

July 22, 1963

MEMORANDUM

TO: Robert R. Bowie

FROM: Henry A. Kissinger

SUBJECT: *Outline of Book on Germany*

The proposed book will seek to analyze the situation of the Federal Republic of Germany and project trends into the future. The purpose would be to understand the nature of politics in the Federal Republic, the sociological structure, the nature of its economy, how the new Germany conceives its role in the world and the impact of the division of the country on its future course. An attempt should be made to determine the historical roots of contemporary conditions and by definition, to assay the vitality of the new elements. Each author should keep in mind that the concern is not with a static situation but a dynamic process. Topics being dictated include:

1. Sociological structure of the West German elite.

2. Domestic political traits in the Bonn Republic with some comparison with the Weimar Republic.

3. Germany's review of its role in the world. Or any other topic he considers important.

4. German attitude towards reunification.

5. The prospects of the German economy.

6. German intellectual life.

...

6. German intellectual life.

2. The prospects of the German economy.

3. Germany's review of its role in the world. Or say with some comparison with the Weimar Republic.

dictated include:

a static situation put a dynamic process. Topics being Each author should keep in mind that the concern is not with and by definition, to assay the vitality of the new elements. determine the historical roots of contemporary conditions country on its future course. An attempt should be made to role in the world and the impact of the division of the the nature of its economy, how the new Germany conceives its politics in the Federal Republic, the sociological structure, future. The purpose would be to understand the nature of the Federal Republic of Germany and project trends into the The proposed book will seek to analyze the situation of

FROM: Henry V. Krasinger

TO: Robert R. Bowle

MEMORANDUM

July 22, 1963

MEMO TO: R.R. Bowie

- 2 -

July 22, 1963

7. Possibly some description of the leading personalities in German life, or else a comparative analysis of the German army today as compared with its traditional role.

8. Germany and the Atlantic Community and NATO policy.

9. Perhaps he could do a piece on the impact of America on Germany, culturally, politically and economically.

MEMO TO: R.R. Bowie

- 3 -

July 33, 1963

3. Perhaps he could do a piece on the impact of America

3. Germany and the Atlantic Community and NATO policy.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

ROBERT R. BOWIE, Director
ALEX INKELBS
HENRY A. KISSINGER
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING
RAYMOND VERNON

6 DIVINITY AVENUE
CAMBRIDGE 38
MASSACHUSETTS

9 July 1963

MEMORANDUM

To: Robert R. Bowie

From: Henry A. Kissinger

This is to summarize our conversation with respect to a study on
Germany similar to the one the Center published on France.

We talked about the following people:

| Name | Subject | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| ✓ Rolf Dahrendorf<br>Professor of Sociology<br>at Tubingen | Sociological structure of the<br>West German elite | H.K. has talked to him and<br>he is willing to spend six<br>weeks at the Center next<br>March and April. HK will<br>write a follow-up letter. |
| ✓ Professor Karl Bracher<br>University of Bonn | Domestic political traits in<br>the Bonn Republic with some<br>comparison with the Weimar<br>Republic | HK has talked to him and he<br>is willing to come for a month<br>in April 1964 |
| ✓ Clement Alain<br>Foreign Correspondent<br>for Le Monde in Bonn | Germany's review of its role<br>in the world. Or any other<br>topic that he considers<br>important | HK will write |
| ✓ Perenc Vali<br>or<br>Mel Croan | German attitude towards re-<br>unification | HK will contact |
| ✓ Henry Wallich<br>Professor at Yale<br>University | The prospects of the<br>German economy | HK will contact |
| ✓ Klaus Epstein<br>or<br>Fritz Stein | German intellectual life | HK will contact |

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

ROBERT R. BOWIE, Director
ALEX INKELES
HENRY A. KISSINGER
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING
RAYMOND VERNON

6 DIVINITY AVENUE
CAMBRIDGE
MASSACHUSETTS 02138

To: Karl Kaiser

From: Bob Erwin RE

Date: 3/2/65

I do not regard the arrangements made for publication of IN SEARCH OF FRANCE as a model that must necessarily be followed with your collective volume on Germany. Nevertheless, those arrangements had some sensible features, probably take psychological precedence, and make a convenient platform from which to launch new plans.

From the editorial file, it is impossible to tell whether or not the authors of FRANCE were paid a fee for their contributions as well as expenses. Presumably Zoltan Tomory has that information. I do note that they met to discuss what kind of publisher they wanted, what kind of terms, and how they would divide royalties. Their names appear on the title page in the order of their chapters. Stanley Hoffmann was apparently the leader of the group and of course Bob Bowie had an independent say, but they seem to have operated democratically. Probably that is impossible with your more loosely knit group.

At any rate, once the discussions ended, the authors formally assigned their rights in the work to the Center. The Center thereby became the sole proprietor, free to contract at will for publication. A contract was made with Harvard University Press, giving the Press the exclusive right to publish the work or any part thereof, except in the French language, in return for the customary publishers' warranties. Slightly later, a French edition was arranged with Editions de Seuil, with the Center reserving the right to approve the text of the translation. Later still, by mutual agreement of the Center and the two publishers, Little-Brown was authorized to bring out a new translation of one chapter in a textbook for sale in the U.S. and Canada only. (I think it would likewise be a good idea to handle German-language rights separately in the present case.)

The royalty paid to the Center for FRANCE is 10% of list price on the first 5000 copies, 12½% on the next 5000, and 15% thereafter, with any income from the sale of subsidiary rights to be divided equally between the publisher and the Center. From the income received, the Center reserved the right to deduct for itself the cost of authors' alterations in proof, the cost of preparing an index, the cost of books purchased for distribution to or on behalf of the authors, and the cost of preparing a translation. All remaining sums are disbursed equally among the authors, who also shared in the 25 free copies given to the Center by the Press.

Some observations on the planned book on Germany

(limited to the reading of the Scheuch, Vali, Stolper-Roskamp, Epstein, Friedrich
and Kaiser papers and the participation at the March 1965 meeting in the Center)

Compared to the books "In Search of France" and "A New Europe ?" the papers as
they were introduced into the March meeting still lack convincing proof that the
planned book is going to be as good as these two others.

I do not know what is going to be written about "Germany and the East" and some
other items. Several subjects are still missing:

the place of the armed forces (sociological, in inner politics), a chapter about
art other than literature, the loss in cultural activity resulting from the emigration
of the intellectual and cultural elite after 1933. There is next to nothing
about radio and television, the role of the press, the Springer empire etc.

In the political field the US are barely mentioned. The Friedrich-contribution
should, therefore, be extended into "Germany and the West" and should include
more about the European integration.

It is not sufficient to limit the role of the US or the problems of eastern
politics to the re-unification problem.

These subjects should be included, even if the final aim is not an encyclopedia
on Germany.

The present concept could only be called "In Search of the Federal Republic of
Germany". This is not enough. At least one chapter should deal with the situation
in the DDR. Its social, economic and political structure are a necessary part of any
book which deals with Germany as a whole.

Apparently the book is not going to be a textbook, it cannot be an analysis
covering every subject, but it is -so far- not yet an interrelated analysis which
gives something new and interesting to the reader. I must admit that the book

- 2 -

"A New Europe" gives me more about Germany than the articles I could read and which are going to constitute the planned book. This may be the result of the fact that several authors are the same or deal with similar subjects (Epstein, Bracher, Dahrendorf). It may be a proof of the fact that present-day Germany is such an integrated part of Europe already that it can be grasped in the European context only. But it should make one think whether the present contributions are going to make the book a success.

If it is going to become a symposium of separate and separated essays, then these essays should be more the result of some deep thinking and less burdened with facts as it is the case now. They should be shorter and of a wider variety, approaching some central subjects from different angles showing the different facets. This more mosaic-like approach might make the book more valuable.

The other way would be to ask for much more coordination between the authors in order to make sure that no essential subjects (such as mentioned above) are left out and that the subjects treated are not repeated or discussed in a contradictory way. This means much more work by the editor who is to be a barter center and exchange post for all contributors. It needs a firm hand as well because the authors involved so far are of a rather different level (at least some may think so). They might not like coordination or subordination for the common cause.

Until now to me the book project seems stuck between these two possibilities.

The Kaiser contribution would fit very well into the essay structure: it is not too long, limited to one main subject and still highly illustrative in other fields. Fifteen essays of the Kaiser kind (see tentative list attached) might result in a better book than seven or eight pillars of wisdom which serve more or less the author to substantiate his particular hobby-horse, thereby running the risk of leaving painful gaps and expanding subjects (the elite theory or the ability + accomplishment dogma) which take away too much place within the limited field of a one volume work.

"In Search of France" has avoided these traps. The political development is admirably covered by the Hoffmann-Duroselle team, original thinkers who to quite an extent give the two sides of the medal, but in a cooperative way. The sociological questions -again two authors, Wylie and Pitts, who approach the problem by grassroot study and give a lively and highly illustrative original picture- fascinate the reader. The economy is amply treated as well. The final chapter "Six authors in search of a national character" serves an excellent purpose: coordination and filling gaps which otherwise would drastically limit the value of the book.

If the way of collecting about fifteen essayy cannot be gone, such a concluding chapter, a kind of a round table conference of the authors, but not in dialogue form, will be unavoidable. Still, I should favor the essay form, although one will have to admit that it might be too late for such a change in principle.

## Essays on

- Germany and the West

- Germany and the East

- German re-unification

- German economy

- German cultural development
  a) structural
  b) cultural life (literature, arts, intellectuals, scientists)

- German sociological background
  ev. two contributions

- German politics in general (structure, system, decision-making, constitution etc)

- Defense problems, NATO

- German integration into Europe

- DDR (economy, sociology, ideology, structure)

- DDR foreign policy

6 DIVINITY AVENUE
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02138

July 14, 1965

Memorandum to: Henry A. Kissinger

From: Karl Kaiser

(1) In my correspondence with Bracher, he sends his regards in his latest letter of June 22nd and says that he would be through with his revision in the course of this month.

(2) I have read Grosser's piece. If that is the final version, I find it disappointing. If he could play down the narrative parts and bring out more clearly his best points, the article would gain.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

June 17, 1964

Memo to: Henry A. Kissinger

from : Karl Kaiser

Dear Henry:

1) Enclosed you find twenty copies of the circular to be sent to the authors and participants of the seminar meetings (except Mr. Schwarz?) There are another twenty copies in reserve.

2) I enclose the two general paragraphs for the covering letter.

3) We had forgotten to include Erwin Scheuch on the list. I therefore changed it. I suspect he might not like the title, but that is the topic he wanted to write about. Perhaps you can mention in the covering letter that he can reformulate the title.

4) Concerning the suggestions for Dahrendorf: I would have little to add to what has been said in the paragraphs: impact of Nazism, the elites, the rift of generations, and social structure of the circular. By putting them together in the letter to Dahrendorf it should become clear to him what he might discuss in his paper.

5) In the two letters to Dahrendorf and Scheuch we could suggest that they might get together in Germany. Scheuch could explain more clearly what we had in mind when we discussed the issues which Dahrendorf is going to treat.

6) Messrs Bracher, Epstein, Váli, and Stolper will receive transcripts and tapes of the discussions from me. As I am living in Lowell House now I see Mr. Croan frequently so that I could explain in greater detail what has been discussed so far.

7) A question remains open: What happens to the paper on "Germany and the West?"

8) We agreed that September 15th should be set as the date when the papers should be here in Cambridge. If you will not be here during September they could perhaps be passed on or sent directly to me so that I could do some first reading.

9) In view of our perfectionist-minded German contributors would it be appropriate to suggest an upper limit to the number of pages?

Guidelines for the study :

In Search of Germany

Résumé of the first three meetings at the Center for International Affairs

in April 1964.

Persons attending: Messrs H.A.Kissinger (Chairman), R.A.Bowie, K.D.Bracher, A.Clement, K.Epstein, C.J.Friedrich, S.R.Graubard, S.Hoffman, K.Kaiser, C.P KINDLEberger, E.Scheuch, U.Schwarz, F.Váli.

It was agreed at the meetings that the study should be analytical and neither narrative nor descriptive. The study should focus on the dynamic aspects of the situation in an attempt to explain what was new about the Federal Republic and what represented continuity from previous history.

Provisional distribution of topics: K.D.Bracher: Politics and democracy; R.Dahrendorf: Social structure; K.Epstein: The German cultural situation; C.J.Friedrich: Germany in Europe; M.Croan: Germany and Eastern Europe; E.Scheuch: Mass media and German politics; W.Stolper: The economy of Germany; F.Váli: Reunification; Summary and Conclusion: H.A.Kissinger.

The study should have a few running themes, (a) to focus interest and analysis and (b) to provide the coordinating element for the study. On the subject of coordination it was suggested that this could be achieved in two ways, (a) by keeping constantly in mind a certain number of running themes during the preparatory stage, the writing and the criticism, and (b) by writing a conclusion as a separate chapter. This will be done by Mr. Kissinger.

Most suggestions on the running themes of the book were variations of three main problems:

(a) Continuity and change in modern Germany.

(b) Germany as a typical case for, or exception from, modern developments in

- 2 -

Western European and American society.

(c) The search for national identity.

On almost all questions that were discussed there was some consensus that most of the modern developments in German society have a counterpart in other European countries and even in the United States. For that reason one will have to ask oneself whether certain characteristics of postwar Germany reflect a peculiarly German development or general trends of Western society, consequences of industrialisation, mass democracy, emergence of mass media, etc. The first two running themes of the study therefore meet in one point: what can be called 'change' in the German context might at the same time reflect general trends in Western society.

The participants suggested a closer look at the impact of Nazism in terms of continuity and change. How did Nazism change the social structure of Germany? What changes were induced by the Nazi regime which still have an impact on modern German society? What was the impact of the resistance movement on postwar Germany? These problems were also touched upon in connection with the access to power of the younger generation.

**_The elites:_** what was and is their value system, their outlook? Which positions do they hold in society? How have the basic notions and concepts in their education changed? (To be dealt with by Mr. Dahrendorf.)

**_The rift of generations:_** what is the specific value system of the different generations? What access to power do and did they have? How do they relate to each other? How has the family been affected?

How has the **attitude of workers** changed, their attitude to work, consumption, saving, discipline? How did this affect Trade Unionism and what was the impact on the economy? (To be dealt with by Mr. Stolper.)

- 3 -

It was originally suggested that two institutions be selected and analysed
in terms of successful and unsuccessful change, the <u>Bundeswehr</u> as an example of
successful change, and the <u>University</u> as an example of unsuccessful change.
However, in view of the fact that Messrs Bracher and Epstein are dealing with
these two institutions in their papers and that space is limited, it seems better
to drop this topic as the subject of a separate essay.

It was agreed that the problem of <u>European unification</u> would appear in
practically all papers and should also be dealt with in connection with the search
for national identity.

In the paper on <u>social structure</u>, apart from the problem of élites mentioned
above, the following questions should be treated: demographic changes, the role and
structure of bureaucracy (in the widest sense of the word).

The question of <u>development</u> and Germany's relations with <u>overseas areas</u>
could be dealt with in the chapter on the German economy and perhaps in the essay
on Germany and the West.

The group discussed the outlines or drafts of Messrs Bracher, Epstein,
Vali and some suggestions for the paper on the German economy.

## OUTLINE OF BOOK ON GERMANY

- Sociological structure of the West German elite.

- Domestic political traits in the Bonn Republic with some comparison with the Wiemar Republic.

- Germany's review of its role in the world. Or any other topic he considers important.

- German attitude towards reunification.

- The prospects of the German economy.

- German intellectual life.

- Possibly some description of the leading personalities in German life, or else a comparative analysis of the German army today as compared with its traditional role.

- Germany and the Atlantic Community and NATO policy

- Perhaps we could do a piece on the impact of America on Germany, culturally, politically and economically.

## PEOPLE PARTICIPATING

- Professor K.D. Bracher
- Professor Klaus Epstein
- Professor Ralf Dahrendorf
- Alain Clement
- Ferenc Vali
- Domestic politics of the Federal Republic
- German intellectual life
- Sociological structure of German leadership groups

Berenice Aili

Alain Clemens

Professor Bert Derrenort

Professor Klaus Ebelstein

Professor K.D. Bracher

Sociological structure of German leadership groups
German intellectual life

## PARTICIPATING

Permits he could do a piece on the impact of America on

and today as compared with its traditional role.

in German life, or else a comparative analysis of the German
possession some description of the leading personalities

German intellectual life.

German attitude towards remittances.

Topic to consider important.

comparison with the Western Republic.

Domestic political traits in the Western Republic with some

a dynamic process. Topics being dictated include:
keep in mind that the concern is not with a static situation but
to assess the vitality of the new elements. Each author should
the historical route of contemporary conditions and by definition,
on its future course. An attempt should be made to determine
the nature of its economy, how the new Germany conceives its
politics in the Federal Republic, the sociological structure,
to future. The brusque would be to understand the nature of
the Federal Republic of Germany and project trends into the
The proposed book will seek to analyze the situation of

## OUTLINE OF BOOK ON GERMANY

Providence, R.I. Rhode Island
Brown University
Department of History
Professor Klaus Ebelin

Amherst, Mass.
University of Massachusetts
Department of Political Science
Professor Ernest Vail

Tuppenau, Germany
Gartenstrasse 81
Biologische Seminar der Universitat
to Professor Vail Dehrendorff

Washington, D. C.
2328 49th Street, N.W.
Mr. Alain Clement

Stanford, California
303 NumberoERRS Boulevard
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
Professor K.D. Bracher

ADDRESS

They will meet again in May and then in October.

April 31 3-2
April 34 9-11 a.m.
April 33 3-2

SEMINARS

Schwarz
Schouch
Merki
Kießlinge
Klingeberger
Kaiser
Hoffmann
Gransberg
Brieglich
Crown
Boule

THOSE SITTING IN ON SEMINARS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

ROBERT R. BOWIE, Director
HOLLIS B. CHENERY
SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON
ALEX INKELES
HENRY A. KISSINGER
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING
RAYMOND VERNON

October 5, 1965

To: Messrs. Kissinger, Erwin, and Tomory

From: T. C. Schelling

Subject: German Book

After consultation with Bob Erwin on the way royalties are handled in
general, and on the way they are often handled for books with contributed chapters,
and specifically on the French book done here a few years ago, I have decided
that it is both feasible and appropriate to handle royalties as follows on the
German book, recognizing that the book will probably be published in English with
a contract that provides royalties and very probably will be separately published
in German with a contract that could provide royalties. It is established, further-
more, that the book is the property of the Center and that the Center can decide
what to do about royalties. It is also pertinent that the contributing authors
received stipends while Henry, in his capacity as Faculty Member of the Center
and promoter of Western European studies, did not receive a stipend, even though
he was both editor and author of a summary, introduction, conclusion, or something
of the sort.

I propose that the royalties be distributed in such a way that Henry
gets a thousand dollars more than the individual contributors. This could be done
either by estimating likely royalties, determining a percentage for Henry, and
letting sales determine whether he gets more or less than they. It could also
be done by giving him a fixed share on say, the English edition, and making a
different adjustment on the German edition to make the figure come out right.
Since the two books will be selling simultaneously and we cannot easily estimate
how much one book will sell when talking about royalties for the other book, I
think the simplest arrangement may be to distribute the royalties half to Henry,
half equally shared among the contributing authors, up to the point where Henry
has reached an amount that exceeds each of their shares by a thousand dollars,
and thereafter let everybody share equally, Henry and the rest of them.

There is enough precedent for the editor and organizer of a book to get substantially more than individual authors to make this a normal and proper procedure. This could be considered as a way of arranging an equivalent of a stipend for Henry: it can equally well be considered as a way of dividing royalties among an editor and various contributors, particularly when the contributors have already been fully compensated, when they have no particular expectation about royalties, and when the main consideration is to do the fair thing. It seems fair that Henry should get more than the others, it seems equally fair to limit his differential to the point where it brings his compensation up to parity. We certainly have the right to give Henry either more or less than this, and the problem is to decide what the proper share for an editor would be. If Henry agrees, it seems fair to limit his differential to the amount that others have already received.

If Henry finds this satisfactory, I propose we let it stand as a decision on how to handle royalties on the German book.

There is one leftover point that we need to consult on, but it can wait till Henry is back. That is what share of royalties Karl Kaiser ought to receive. Did Karl contribute a chapter? Did he get a stipend? The fact that Karl has received a salary from the Center in consideration of the time he spent on the book does not rule out his claim to royalties; he would get royalties on a book of his own, and royalties are generally considered a proper fringe benefit. If Karl indeed is helping Henry review the manuscripts with a sense of responsibility for their quality, and especially if Karl will help Henry review the translation into German, it seems to me that a little extra royalty money is a nice way of acknowledging his contribution. Let's talk about that.

Certain expenses in connection with the book could also qualify as charges against royalties. I have in mind indexing (or translating if we do the translating) and other expenses that are closely related to the manufacture of the book rather than research and writing. I propose that we consider those a proper claim against royalties on whichever book gets published second, recognizing that the amount will not be large and we can afford to let the authors get their first pleasurable tinkles of royalty money before we grab a share to cover our costs.

TCS:ac

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

NOV 5 1965

To: Henry Kissinger

From: Bob Erwin RE

Date: 11/5/65

During your absence, I had the opportunity to familiarize myself in the papers by Braucher, Epstein, Friedrich, Grosser and Stolper-Roskamp with the makings of a creditable book that the Center counts on sponsoring. Tom Schelling's memorandum of October 5 lays down financial guidelines that are satisfactory to you, I gather. We are in agreement that publication in English and in German should be arranged separately. Therefore it's about time for me to go to work; although the more chapters in hand when I start, the better, and you and I should have a talk about the following items.

You have mentioned the need for copyediting, and indeed the need is very great. To cite some random examples, Friedrich gives only date of publication in his notes, Epstein gives place and date, and Stolper gives publisher, place, and date. Such inconsistencies as "D.D.R," "GDR," and "DDR," "pre-war" and "prewar," "Social Democrats" and "Democratic Socialists" abound, whereas cross-references are nearly non-existent despite references by several authors to the same phenomena such as *Kulturnation*. Even at the copyediting level, I believe, time should be allotted for the authors to review their marked-up MSS. There will be queries about quotations, as in Grosser's extract from the Yalta agreement--"western Neisse River and along the Western Neisse to the Czechoslovak frontier" (western and Western, slovak or slovakian?). There are passages that must be rewritten, as in Grosser, p. 39: "the Federal Republic has too good conscious by fighting communism effectively on the European front." There are phrases which, while not completely off, are idiomatically weak enough to justify some tampering, as in Epstein, p. 2: "a purification of these forces from Nazi dress." Moreover, I should like to raise substantive questions with the authors. For example, Epstein omits the visual arts, architecture, and German culture outside Germany (a topic given notoriety by Jaspers). Grosser speaks of co-aligning the state with the nation only a few pages before he describes the absence of Germans for a generation from areas which the Federal Republic wants--as though the two were identical. Do you want such comments and queries channeled through you, or do you want to delegate full responsibility to me unless and until you are called upon as arbitrator?

.../...

November 5, 1965

2

While the editing is going on, we might open negotiations with publishers. In one way, it would serve the Center's interest go give Harvard University Press first crack at the book. At the moment, Bob Bowie has the Press cowed about asking for subsidies. But because books sometimes go elsewhere and because HUP feels a certain claim as a result of IN SEARCH OF FRANCE, sidestepping them with this volume is likely to make them conclude that they have nothing to lose in the future--if they think they will get only the least salable books anyway--by asking for more subsidies in higher amounts. Given its bulk and style, I estimate that fewer than 5,000 copies of the Germany volume (in English) will be sold. This kind of a sale Harvard can get as well as anyone else, and therefore I see no reason to incur intramural animosity. On the other hand, it is a principle of the Center to uphold complete freedom of publication for faculty members, which will certainly remain the case if you prefer another publisher.

Have you a title in mind? "Post-recovery," "transformation," "contour," "dimensions," and other words so far refuse to coalesce into a title that I would suggest.

Finally, what do you think of the Stolper-Roskamp chapter? To me, it is notably more prolix and muddy than the others. Witness p. 32: "However, when deposits were to exchanged [sic], at the rate of 1 DM for 10 RM, but finally at the rate of 1:16, it was also announced that the conversion of the first 60 RM/DM was to be counted against the first 600 RM in deposits." The verbs are moving from the old money to the new, but the currency ratios run from DM to RM. There is of course no such entity as an "RM/DM." If he is applying the 1:10 ratio to deposits, this is what non-depositors would get, too. If he is applying the 1:16 ratio, then the depositor is getting a 360 RM break. The reader would like to know! Once a style sheet for the book as a whole can be set up, perhaps I ought to hire a free-lancer to edit the Stolper-Roskamp chapter alone while I work on the rest.