February Std, 1891.

Mr. W. P. Campbell,
Newtown, Bucks Co., Pa.

My dear Mr. Campbell:-

I have your detailed letter of the
1st, also your letter suggesting amendments to form of
monthly report. Thanks for both. Sorry you are having
such a muddy time to get about. I will take care of Ernest.
Glad to hear you find school matters improved over last year.
A year's progress, undoubtedly, has something to do with it,
as well as the mixing of the tribes. Glad to hear of the
little special advances, particularly of Paul T. I have
turned your letter over to Miss Ely for the detailed informa-
tion which she needs. It would be better if we could so
arrange it as never to have as many as even 6 boys in one
school, much less 9.

Both Miss Burgess and Mr. Goodyear have re-
turned from their fortnight's leave and taken up their duties
this morning. Mr. Standing leaves to-morrow evening for Pine
Ridge to bring in a party of advanced students who seems likely
we can get from their boarding school.

Kish gets on very well. The boys ran over

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139

February 5th, 1891.

Miss Ella C. Abbott,
Brewer, Me.

Dear Miss Abbott:-

I have been quite overwhelmed with the pressure of the last few days. I feel quite disappointed in losing the anticipation of not having you with us soon. However, what cannot be cured must be endured. I felt a little guilty at writing you at all, knowing your present obligations. Later on, if your mind turns to us with any certainty and definiteness, write me. It would be necessary for me to proceed in the matter of filling the vacancies that we may have for the ensuing year rather early, and I would say to you do not defer for the ensuing year later than the middle of May.

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144

February 5th, 1891.

W. A. Margrave,

Reserve, Kansas.

Dear Mr. Margrave:

I have a running account with the Penna.

R. R. and periodically they send the bill for tickets. As my arrangements are for tickets at a lesser rate, it would be better to wait their time in sending the bill. I have not received bill covering the time at which ticket was furnished to Carrie. I am quite as much mortified as you about Carries conduct. The probabilities are that if there had been no inclemencies for her to return home I could have handled her quite well and placed her under such environment as would have made it impracticable for her to indulge in badness.

When the bill comes I will notify you of the amount.

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VOL. 18

February 7th, 1891.

Hon. M. Brayman,

1301 East 15th Street,
Kansas City, Mo.

My dear Sirs:-

I most heartily thank you for your kind note of the 3rd inst., and appreciate most highly the concurrence of our views on Indian management. I have read with gratifying interest your report on the Indians and realize more than ever before how little the nation at large gets from its own servants of its views, on Indian matters especially.

On page 11, where you say, - "The present policy of isolating the Indians on reservations, etc., etc.", you announce the true policy beyond all question. What troubles me more than anything else is the inability of our rulers to see that even in school matters they may perpetuate the Indian. Tribal schools will certainly build up and strengthen the tribe, it matters not under what principle they are established and carried on, whether by Church or State, whether they are Mission schools or a Public school system. Individualism, breaking away from tribal socialism, contending in the affairs of life with our own masses, is the true

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M. B., 2.

safety of the Indians future. I think perhaps that if you
were to re-write your report, that clause complimenting the
condition of the five civilized tribes would now be written
differently. There are no more persistent enemies of citizen-
ship in the United States than the Cherokees, Creeks, Choc-
taws, Chickasaws and Seminoles, and we have to blame for it
entirely, as I think, the system of tribal education. Let
us pursue the same course with the Sioux and we shall arrive
at the same results.

I take the liberty of sending you my last
annual report, and a copy of a paper I read several years
age at Reading., Pa.

150

February 9th, 1891.

Isaiah Sickles,

South Weld Station,

Ontario, Canada.

Dear Sir:-

Jemima Wheelock, one of my former pupils at Oneida, Wis., writes me that you wish to get Oneida children here from the New York branch of that tribe. Our school is established for the benefit of Indians having Treaty agreements with the United States, requiring that the Government shall provide school for their children. New York Oneidas are in the hands of the State of New York for education, and I cannot accept of them here, except under a special permit from the Department at Washington. If you choose to lay your particular wants before the Department, it is barely possible that the Hon. Commissioner may see his way to favor you.

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152

February 9th, 1891.

Dr. James E. Pilcher,

Assist. Surgeon, U. S. A.,
Governor's Island, N. Y.

My dear Doctor:-

Tessa's sister has a scrofulous eye trouble, which interferes with her attention to books, but not otherwise. She is undoubtedly not a good subject, but may build up in the course of time. I have had no intention of sending her home. We are prepared to give fair treatment and care to sick pupils and there is no need of Tessa feeling anxious that her sister will not receive good attention.

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153

February 9th, 1891.

Mrs. M. Wade,

Omaha Mission, Neb.

Dear Mrs. Wade:-

I was very sorry to send Charley Mon-
cravie home, but his conduct was really so bad that I had
to, and I have had also to send Henry back. He has been
transferred to the Osage Agency, and I sent him there. Fred.
is already in a little trouble, and I fear that he will have
to be returned also. I do not feel warranted in resorting
to such severe punishment as I would have to do in these
cases in order to bring about a cure.

I had to send Charlie Mann home for very bad
conduct. He is apparently a good quiet boy, but has been
off the track quite a good deal.

Jennie Mitchell has been lingering long in
about the same condition for many months, and thinking that
a change would be beneficial to her we concluded to send her
home. I gave her $10. and she still has $50. in my keeping
and I will send it any time she designates. I wish you
could give her something to do about the schools. Jennie is a
good girl.

Yours faithfully,

VOL. 18

February 9th, 1891.

Samuel Semple,
University Hospital,
Princeton, N. J.

Dear Sir:-

I send you copy of my annual report and of a
recent paper I prepared on the subject of Indian management.
In regard to the transfer of the Indians to the Army, it all
depends on what we want to do with them. If our purpose is
to make citizens of them, teach them industries and self-help,
perhaps the Army would not be the best supervisor. If our
purpose is simply to keep them together in masses and tribes
until they die of inertia and the diseases of idleness, it
might be that the army would serve. While I say this, I am
not without very serious impressions that there should be a
radical change in the system and management of the Indians.
My views you can gather from the papers I send.

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155

February 9th, 1891.

Howard G. Logan,

Winnebago Agency, Neb.

My dear Howard:-

Yours of 3rd received. I am exceedingly glad to know that you feel yourself improving. You will be more this time have had Prof. Rich's letter, and will be able to show your friends that the Government does, after a while, keep its promises. I am more and more impressed with the opinion that you had better at once take Agent Rich's offer and go to Phoenix. You can be of the greatest service to him and at the same time place yourself in the way of getting the best physical results.

We think of you often and always with bright anticipations. If you should go there and regain your health, as I trust you will, I then want you to push your education farther. I think your lines clearly lie in the direction of using your brains largely.

We are getting on fairly well here. Mr. Standing has just gone to Pine Ridge after a party of thirty students who are to come from their boarding school.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REDUCED IN QUALITY, NEITHER THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 18

February 12th, 1891.

Miss Jane M. Williams,

Monongahela City, Pa.

Madam:-

The cost of educating Indian youcheat this school
is fixed at $167.00 per year, and the Government pays the
transportation, but only those tribes having treaty agree-
ments requiring the Government to furnish education are
entitled to the benefits of the school.

February 12th, 1891.

Albert J. Minthorne,

Umatilla Agency,

Pendleton, Oregon.

My dear Sir:-

You are farther away than we can arrange
transportation for, but if you are a Nez Perces, and en-
titled to the benefits of this school by your being of
proper school age and of good character, and will present
yourself here at your own cost, we shall take you and do
what we can to forward you.

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169

February 19th, 1891.

Mrs. Nellie L. Nunn,
Emerson, Neb.

My dear friend:

I have submitted your wishes in regard to your
husband to the Hon. Commissioner, but as you know it is quite
out of my line to interfere in any way with the affairs of
the agencies, I can do nothing more than submit your want.
I do not know your husband and, of course, cannot speak per-
sonally for him.

I can see that a very great advantage would
arise by your being at the agency and backing our pupils and
trust that it may be brought about, but do not feel that I
can give you any very material help.

Faithfully, your friend,

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PERSONAL.

February 19th, 1891.

Hon. T. J. Morgan,

Commr. of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C.

Dear General:-

I have made it a point to stave off all applications to me for any backing for agency appointments and always state the fact that it is not my province. I have done so in the enclosed case, and yet there are some things in this letter that I would like you to read, and so I send it. I have always heard good accounts of the man spoken of.

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February 19, 1891.

Hon. R. M. Cutcheon,

House of Reps, Washington, D.C.,

Dear General:

I want to thank you and Mr. Buchanan and
others for coming to our rescue in the contention over our ap-
propriation; and also want to give you some points in refer-
ence to what was said on the other side. I have just read
Mr. Holman's corrected remarks in the Record of this morning.

Mr. Holman and his committee never visited Carlisle. I can
say now from later knowledge their expedition was largely un-
der the auspices of Catholicism, though they may not have
known it. That Catholic priests connived and contrived most
of the data brought before the committee.

Neither Mr. Holman nor any member of his committee, or any in-
formant of his committee, can name one single solitary child
brought to this school under any pressure, or under any intim-
idation by withholding of rations, or in any other manner, ex-
cept the Apaches taken from the prisoners in Florida.

It has been the constant policy and there has been no oth-
er exception to it, to have the fullest consent of both the
parents and the children. Especially has this been the case

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Cutocheon 2-

with every Sioux party, and if any instances to the contrary
of this statement were brought before that committee, they
were trumped up and prepared for the occasion.

At the same Agencies that he visited, both Sioux Agencies,
Cheyenne and Arapahoe, in Indian Territory and others, it re-
quired and still requires to-day, the constant pressure of
threatened witholding of rations, and the active service of
the police to keep the Indian children in the Agency schools.

I am in constant receipt of letters and could forward you
dozens of them, if you want, from parents, children and a-
gents of the Western tribes, begging permission to, come here.
Notwithstanding the upheaval at Pine Ridge, I was solicited
to send for children. My Mr. Standing went with authority to
bring a limited number, inasmuch as we are so full, and he re-
turned to-day with 10 girls and 8 boys. Mr. Standing was at
Pine Ridge eight days. Many parents brought children and chil-
dren were eager to come, and afterwards were withdrawn, under
the pressure of advice and outside craft working against us.

I had supposed that Mr. Holman having been a judge would
really investigate a matter and have both sides before making
a decision. He nor his committed never visited Carlisle either
collectively or in person, nor did they say in any manner
to me " We find such and such a state of things, what have

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Cutcheon 3-

you to say to it?" Starting out to investigate our Eastern schools, investigated everywhere else but at the schools.

Allegation was made by Mr. Stockdale of Miss. that the Government was paying $165. per capita per year to educate servants for Pennsylvanians. If my report had been read and made use of, that would have been shown to be utterly false. I have stated over and over again, and the figures have shown it all the time, that the youth out from us on farms in families are almost entirely without cost to the Government, and are just so many in excess of what I have appropriation for.

Taking all that is given to me for transportation and buildings, I cost a good deal less than the $167. that Congress gives. For instance, this year Congress gave $121,000 for all purposes, transportation, building &c. This at $167. would be a little short of 725 pupils, as an average for the year. We carry between 780 and 800. The item of transportation does not appear in the case of any other school but Carlisle. Taking out the transportation and buildings, which is fair as a basis for comparison with other schools, we shall cost the Government less than $115. per capita this year. It hurts the Western schools and especially does it hurt the Catholic schools that we can do what we are doing, and they leave no stone unturned to defame us. From personal experience and the experience of my management here I do not

178

February 20th, 1891.

Chas. F. Meserve, Sup't.,

Haswell Institute,
Lawrence, Kansas.

My dear Meserve:

Perhaps what I wrote you was not well worded and I should have been more discreet. I regret very much that we did not have a very full talk over the whole matter of getting children and the experiences I have had in it. When Haswell Institute was first started the then superintendent of education, Major Hayworth, went among the Indians of the Territory and talked to them against sending their children to Carlisle and urged them to send them to Haswell, because it was nearer their homes, and they could visit them which was more on the line of his hobby. His hobby was a day school with a noon meal as being the best for education. I did not mean you personally; I meant Haswell.

I entirely agree with you as to the advisability of getting the children from as far away as possible. At the same time, now that I have your letter and understand your

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C. F. M., 2.

feeling entirely in the matter, I think it just as well that
each of us have children from the whole field, but carefully
guard against clashing, through the tendency of students who
have left other schools under a cloud to work out their re-
venge in the matter of assisting to get students.

I am very sorry to have given you a single moment's
uneasiness or distress. I know that you are overloaded, and
that difficulties in the way call for almost more than human
forbearance and wisdom. As you go on in the work and find
the quality of the timber you are working with, and the dis-
appointments thicken about you, you will feel more and more
the oppressiveness of it all.

If you could read, as I have, the editorial comments
and attacks upon Eastern schools, and also the proceedings in
Congress, where of all the schools Carlisle is the only one
that has to stand the brunt of the whole business, you would
perhaps not place so much emphasis on what I said, for really
you do place much more than I intended. It would be imposs-
ible to make you understand the whole matter in a letter, and
I am not disposed now, if I had the time, to undertake to go
over the whole ground. After the battle is all over, and you
and I have turned over matters to other people, and we meet in
after years and want something to talk about, call it up and

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181

February 20th, 1891.

Howard G. Logan,

Winnebago Agency, Neb.

My dear Howard:

I have had a reply from the Commissioner advising me that your nomination would be confirmed. In the Indian Appropriation bill there is quite a sum for the new school at Phoenix, so that you will go in at the bottom with good backing. I send you $50.00 as a personal loan, accepting your promise that you will return it from your pay as soon as you can. I judge you should get a ticket from your place to Arizona for $30. to $35.00. I would suggest you go to Omaha, Neb., for your ticket. We all rejoice to hear of your improved health. I feel assured that under the sunny skies of Arizona you will quickly regain yourself.

I need not admonish you how necessary it is that you exercise the greatest care to build up your body; it would be even better that you neglect your mind, in part at least, rather than to neglect your body in any part.

We all have the greatest hopes and anticipations for you.

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184

February 20th, 1891.

Miss Helen M. Ludlow,

Hampton Institute, Va.

My dear Miss Ludlow:-

Your document came while the chiefs were here and was laid away and did not come before me again until to-day. I have made corrections which seemed to me advisable and have with return it to you.

In the matter of whose thought it was to keep the Indians east, I find from my retained correspondence that it was my thought, and that it was the plan I had projected while serving with my command in the Territory. In a letter to General Sheridan I urged that these young people be educated and trained in industries. Very early in their stay in Florida, and before the ladies had joined me in the work, I yielded to the solicitation of the Indians and begged that their women and children should be sent to them with the view of their remaining east.

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188

February 20th, 1891.

Miss Lucy R. Jourdan,

Gresham, Shewano Co., Wis.

Dear Lucy:

Your brother has been on a constant round of discontent ever since he came to Carlisle, and I think that his discontent has been caused principally by the spirit that has governed him from his home. The injury done to him in this is incalculable. The great lesson for youth to learn is to stick to something, - to have a continuity of purpose. It is much easier to educate one's self to constant change and fickleness. I have held on to him just for that reason, and I feel now that it is best, not-withstanding your own personal appeal for him, he should be held to his work.

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VOL. 18

February 20th, 1891.

Spotted Horse,

Fort Supply, Ind. Ter.

My dear Friend:-

I do not change my mind about your daughter. She has come to that period and reached that point in her education where all she needs more than anything else is to continue. She is womanly; she is studious; she is healthy and she is developing in every way in just the lines that you and I and all of her friends should most desire. I am not willing, on any account, to give my consent to stop that and place her in a position where she will not continue to develop, but where she will rather retrograde, - go backward, as has been the case with nearly every Cheyenne & Arapahoe that we have sent home. It would be far better that you came here to see her than that she went home to see you. I would rather help you to do that. I have a care over her just as I have for my own daughter. I am as anxious for her success and I wish you to stand by me in it.

192

February 20th, 1891.

Mrs. T. Ashton,

Great Falls, Mon.

Dear Madam:-

It is not practicable for me to make the arrangements for the children to come down separate from a party, and we are not making a party near enough to you now to attach the children to. It will have to rest until some time when we can get them in with regular incoming parties.

February 20th, 1891.

Tom Ahyahba,

Mt. Pleasant, Mich.

My dear Sir:-

I do not see that I can help you in any way in regard to your land matters. At this distance I can get no understanding of them, and I would suggest that you go to some of your friends in Mt. Pleasant and submit the case to them.

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195

Feb. 25th, 1891.

H. H. Beaulieu,
White Earth, Minn.

My dear Mr. Beaulieu:

Your kind and appreciative letter comes to me as one of the few gracious evidences that I receive from those who have children here. My usual, almost universal, letters from parents are on the lines of begging me to let their children come home, or begging me to do some favor for them. Seldom or never do the parents of the real Indians seem to show any feeling of gratitude for what we are trying to do for their children. Your son Willie is, I think, in lines quite entirely suitable to him. He seems entirely happy and contented with his place and his work, and that is more than half the battle. Knowing of the chances that he might have in the printing business I placed him in the printing office, and the principal of that department speaks most kindly and appreciatively of him. He is already in the choir and taking vocal lessons, as much as he ought to take in connection with his other studies. As his voice strengthens and develops he may have more special attention.

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H. H. B., 2d.

He has said nothing to me about the band, and indeed our band
is not what I want it to be, and I have rather given it a
cold shoulder for some time. There is a prospect that in
the near future we may greatly enlarge it and secure a fine
leader. In that case I should give Willie an opportunity.

In regard to your daughter, Maggie, if her
health continues good, and there is no greater reason than
you present, I cannot ask for authority to permit her to go
home, for the reason that our term is five years, and our
appropriations only contemplate the payment of transportation
at the beginning and end of a five years term, except in a
few cases of sickness that we must send home. She has been
a real good girl. I see her often and she is always smiling
and pleasant. My notion is that while you have the oppor-
tunity for her, if her health remains sufficiently good, and
her eyes which have been given her a great deal of trouble,
do not fail her, that she should be encouraged from home not
to think of anything but staying here and graduating.

In regard to money, we would prefer that
parents do not send money to their children. I have a system
of employment which allows every boy to gain a little spending
money for himself, - as much as he ought to have for his own
good. That, by a system of checks and watchfulness, I re-

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200

February 25th, 1891.

Solomon Bibo,

Cubero, N. M.

My dear Mr. Bibo:

Bruce Fisher has been one of quite a number of cases of pneumonia, following grippe which has been quite an epidemic in the school for the past month. We have lost none so far and had no expectation of a specially serious crisis with Bruce, but last night his temperature dropped to 95, and for a little while we were quite anxious about him. He was stimulated and active medicines administered which brought him through, and he is now on the way, as we think, to a happy recovery. I write you this thinking that there may be some information reaching you through other sources which would give you unnecessary anxiety. We feel now that he is quite on the safe side. He has been resting nicely all day and improving.

With kind regards to your wife and my other

friends,

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201

February 125th, 1891.

Thos. W. Potter,

Cheyenne School,

Darlington, Oklo. Ter.

My dear Mr. Potter:

Thank you for your full letter. I do
wish the origin and impulses that continue the Messiah dance
and craze could be discovered. You say that Chief Killer is
among the foremost in the performance there. I understood
that the Chief Killer that was with us in Florida was dead.
Is he alive, and is he engaged in this business ? I can
readily understand how returned students fall into line with
their people; they are neither old enough in years nor strong
enough in their education to stand out very much. That is the
great mistake of it all. Education is not obtained in three
or four years by anybody. There is not a single graduate of
Carlisle school among the Cheyennes & Arapahoes, yet every
returned student is looked upon as a graduate. Notwithstanding
the great upheaval at Pine Ridge, I find that out of 127 liv-
ing students returned to those two agencies only 7 went with
the dancers, and all of them went because their families were

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202

T. W. P., 2.

conspicuous in the movement, and some whose parents went off
remained behind, in spite of all the pressure their parents
brought to bear upon them.

I do hope that your land matter will come out
in a good shape and that you may find yourself on a tidal wave
of prosperity. If I can lay my hand on the <u>means</u>, and
Eva cares to go on to Wilson College she may. There has been
so much pressure brought to bear against us through the news-
papers that my charity does not flow in as it used to, and I
may not be able to do all that I would. Should you come out
all right you can manage the matter.

Yours sincerely,

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204

February 25th, 1891.

Rev. W. H. Patterson,

Sanborn, N. Y.

My dear friend:-

I do most heartily thank you for your kind appreciative letter. Your visit here and your appreciation of the school and your great fervid Christian interest was a real help to me personally, and I have thanked the Lord for sending you, and I thank you now again for your letter. Your boys are well. The younger one holds up his big head in a way that I like very much. I shall watch their development with great interest and shall hope from time to time to hear from you, and shall see that they write you regularly.

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212

March 3rd, 1891.

Lieut. W. W. Wotherspoon,

In charge of Indian prisoners,

Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.

Dear Sir:-

Lot has arrived safely and gone to his Bucks County home. I should only think well of his returning to Mt. Vernon in the fall if you feel that he would be specially useful to you in any way.

I note what you say about Capt. M. I could only think well of any relations there or elsewhere that would forward your purposes with the prisoners. Lot is a member of the family of one of our best Bucks County farmers. His every day life is an elevation to him, - a school of instruction and building up of his character. He has not very much base of character, and I should fear that going into associations with those like him, or below him, his equipment of good principles would hardly carry him through.

Yours respectfully,

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213

March 3rd, 1891.

Mr. Luke Williams,
Kamih, Idaho.

Dear Sir:-

I have your letter in regard to Lulu Allen and Alice Hayes, relatives of yours. I am glad to tell you that they are getting on nicely and that all of the Nez Perces boys and girls are doing well. We like the Nez Perces here at this school, and if they would do as well when they go away as they do when here nobody could make any complaints. I am sorry to hear from you that some of our returned Nez Perces boys have not done well. You and I know that they are in a hard place and that there is much to pull them down.

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214

Marhh 3rd, 1891.

Ben-de-a.

c/o Lieut. W. W. Wotherspoon,
Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.

My dear friend:

I have your good letter by your brother Lot, and am glad that you appreciate his improvement in English speaking and his knowledge of how to work. I think you make a mistake when you think that Lot is very capable, either in his education or in his knowledge of working. He has a great deal more to learn, though he may know a great deal more than some of the Apache men in Florida. He is living in a good family where he is treated like one of their own boys and where he may have opportunities for school and for learning more that would be very valuable to him. I do not feel at all confident that it would be best for him to go to Mt. Vernon even in the fall, yet when the fall comes I shall be willing to correspond with you about it.

I am very glad to hear from Lot and Lieut. Wotherspoon that you Apache men are going to work and will try to improve your condition. If you had been at work

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B., 2.

steadily all the years since you went to Florida, out among
the people round about St. Augustine or Mt. Vernon Barracks,
where you now are, you might have made the people of the
United States think a great deal better of the Apaches
than they do now. Not only that, but you would have enjoyed
a great deal better health than you have, and would have been
happier in every way. I trust that now you have started in
this good work that you will not stop, but that every one of
you will take hold of it with all the strength and energy
you have and push hard to show the people of this great
country that Apaches are really worth something. The people
about you will be your friends if you take hold and work.
All of you who are able-bodied should feel ashamed of
living in idleness as you have been doing.

With best wishes for you all,

I am, Your friend,

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217

March 3rd, 1891.

J. W. Morgan, Govt. Farmer,
Reserve, Wis.

Dear Sir:-

Yours enclosing vouchers received. Joe

Gordon and his brother are persistently discontented. They do not seem to be specially bad boys so far, except that they will lie. They have been trying quite a little to get sent home. They are persistently catholic, which we find no special fault with. I think they are under the influence of Willie Brown, another boy who came with you who is one of the most unmitigated and incorrigible little liars and thieves that we ever had in the school, and I guess I shall have to ship him home because of his influence. I have just read a letter that he wrote his mother yesterday, in which he makes no end of miss statements about the school. He claims that he has nothing but a half slice of bread at a meal, a little water and a little gravy; he says he gets no meat, potatoes or vegetables of any kind and no tea or coffee and so on. I had him write another letter giving the facts, which I sent to his mother under the same cover. As a curiosity, I

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221

March 10th, 1891.

David King,

Kewadin, Antrim Co., Mich.

Dear Friend:

Your daughter is not at all sick now. She had an attack of La grippe, from which she has quite recovered. We have had quite an epidemic of grippe here this year, as we had last year. At one time nearly one hundred of our students were sick from it. A few have had pneumonia, as the result of the attack of grippe, but all cases have been brought through safely, thanks to our good doctor, our faithful nurse, and the kindness of our Heavenly Father. It is my intention always when there is dangerous sickness to inform the parents. When the sickness is of a temporary character it seems unnecessary to do that.

I thank you for your daily interest in us and trust that your daughter will receive great benefit from being with us.

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222

March 10th, 1891.

Mrs. Arthur P. Fowler,
Box 48, Tenafly, N. J.

Dear Madam:-

I send you my last annual report, which also
carries with it extracts from previous annual reports, also
a paper recently prepared by me on the subject of the Indians.
We get large numbers of pupils from the Chippewas, the Oneidas
the Sioux, the Apaches. I do not think there are any
sufficiently marked differences between the tribes in their
acceptance of education and civilization to make a point of.

Our pupils almost universally go back to their
tribes. A great many of them engage in farming; some work
about the agencies and the schools, and a large number of the
boys enlist as scouts or policemen. None relapse to their
former state.

I certainly would advise that Indians be made
citizens of the United States.

We find little difficulty in maintaining our
organization and discipline. Perhaps considering that we
have nearly 800 pupils we have as little difficulty in

VOL. 18

228

VOL. 18

March 10th, 1891.

Robert American Horse,

Pine Ridge Agency, South Dakota.

My dear Robert:-

Thank you for your good letter, and the news it contains that all is well with you and with others at Pine Ridge. I am sorry to hear of the cold weather, distress, and loss of horses and cattle. I am a little bit sorry that all of our boys have turned themselves into soldiers, but as there is so little else for them to do I do not much wonder at it.

I suppose you know by this time that Congress gave $100,000 to pay the friendly Indians for their loss of stock and other property on account of ghost dancers. I hope that will place those matters all right and get things back to where they were before the trouble began.

Miss Raymond is probably back at Pine Ridge by this time, and will be able to tell you about us and about her pleasant visit to Washington and Gettysburg. We enjoyed her visit very much, as we did yours and Clarence's with the chiefs. The photographs are all ready to send and will be forwarded in a day or two to those who sat for their

229

A. H., 2.

pictures while here.

I wish you would say to the father of Cora Thunder Bull that his daughter has pneumonia and has been quite sick, but seems now to be on the mend. I understand from Mr. Standing that the first night out from Pine Ridge they were in a cold car and suffered a good deal from the cold, which was probably the beginning of the trouble. She is receiving the best of care, and as we have brought all our cases of pneumonia through safely I feel confident that the father need not be alarmed for her. If the case takes a dangerous turn I will notify him.

Sincerely, your friend,

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OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 18

March 11th, 1891.

Mr. H. A. Kennerly,

Piegan, Mon.

My de r Mr. Kennerly:

I have yours of March 3rd, and have
forwarded it to the Commissioner. I was not aware that
such instructions had gone from the Office. As soon as I
hear from him I will notify you.

Your boys are in excellent health, and we are
getting through the winter with the smallest per centage of
mortality of our whole twelve years experience.

231

March 11th, 1891.

Spotted Horse,

Fort Supply, Ind. Ter.

My dear friend:-

I would arrange to share the expense of your coming east with you, and that is what I meant. If you want to come east it shall only cost you what it would cost one way. I suppose now that the Cheyennes will have their hands full of business making their selections of land, and receiving their payments under the new treaty that you will not want to come at once. However, if you do, advise me and I will proceed at once to help you. Let me know the Railroad point, and I will arrange to have a ticket delivered to you there.

VOL. 18

March 11th, 1891.

Soule Photograph Co.,

338 Washington Street,
Boston, Mass.

My dear Mr. Soule:

Please make me lantern slides of the

following:

INDIAN CAMP SCENES, - 2187, 3698, 2181, 2183, 2180, 2191, 2184, 2189.

Smaller group and individual photographs, - - - 2158, 2129, 2143, 2125, 2175, 2160, 2123, 2155, 2172, 2130, 2141, 23, 2146, 2158, 2119, 2170, 2159, 2153, 2142, 3698 or 39, 2144, 2145, 2140, 2126, 2184.

Kiowa Indians, - - - - - 2132, 2127, 2128, 2157, 2174, 2177, 2176, 2178, 2135, 2157, 2171, 2122, 2124, 2169, 2161, 2020, 2148, 2133, 2118; also my old friend Kicking Bird, whom you surely must have. I do not find his photo. in the lot you send me. On receipt of these and your bill I will pay you for the whole.

I return 1 1/2 dos. cabinet and 1/3 dos. med.

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234

March 11th, 1891.

Rev. J. J. Methutn,

Annadarho, Ind. Ter.

My dear Sir:-

I have just read your article in "Our brother in Red," of the 9th, and note your reflections on Joech Bull Bear and Carlisle.

You misrepresent the facts when you call Joech a graduate of Carlisle. He came to Carlisle February 3rd, 1881, as one of the advanced young men from the Agency school. There were fifteen young men in the party: several of them were hard. Joech proved to be an inveterate gambler, and otherwise incorrigible. After repeated punishments I sent him home on account of his bad influence, on July 13, 1883, so that he was here less than two years and a half and was a long way from graduation.

VOL. 18

235

March 11th, 1891.

Rev. J. S. Kewaygeshik,

Petoskey, Mich.

My dear Friend:

Through a mistake in placing report cards in envelopes, your sister Jane's card went to Montana, and the one you received should have been sent there. Jane is well and doing excellently. She is becoming a valuable assistant in the hospital. I am sorry that she has been so afflicted with her eyes for some time back that she has had to remain out of school. She is now improving, however, and I trust will soon take her place in the school again.

We are very fond of William Petoskey, who is doing very nicely indeed.

VOL. 18

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 18

March 11th, 1891.

Randall Delaney,

San Carlos, Arizona

My dear Randall,

I am very glad to get your letter and to know that you think Madoc Wind is not guilty of the offence with which he is charged. I trust when it comes to trial it will appear that this is the case. We thought so much of him when here at the school that we shall be very sorry indeed to find out that he has been guilty of such wrong doing.

I am very glad to know that you are doing the best you can and that you are still on the right side, also glad to hear a good word about Roland Fish and the other boys.

one

I have told Miss Ely to send you some of the school photos pictures. I suppose you mean the picture which shows all the buildings of the school.

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 18

March 11th, 1801.

41. Zinseran & Bro.,

130 South 9th Street.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentlemen:-

I send you all my old glasses and would like
you to fit me up a pair for reading in the gold rings, according
to the prescription that I brought you; and in the gold
trimed spectacles, please make me a pair for both long and
short range, the latter oval shaped, below instead of an
equal division across the centre of the glass. It occurs
to me that I should like large glasses, such as those you
made for me, and if you could exchange the case I send so as
to give me large size, I will be obliged. The others that
I send, you may allow such credit for as you can. I have a
notion that there is a glass called pebble that is a better
quality. If so I would like you to give me the best.

239

March 13th, 1891.

Capt. Ed. Gordon,
Chief of Police,
Reserve, Sawyer Co., Wis.

My dear Sir:

Your two boys have been here but a very short
time and are not at all over their home sickness which some-
times follows. I think you yield too readily to the im-
portunities of the boys. They need to become strong courag-
eous men and to conquer their home disposition. If we did
send your boys home it would only be at your expense. We
cannot undertake to be transporting students backwards and
forwards every few months at our own cost. Certainly, if
the government pays the schooling, takes care of, clothes
and feeds the youth, the parents ought to have sufficient
courage to cooperate with the government and make it as little
cost to the Government beyond going and coming as possible.
The fare, by our present rates, from here to your place for
our pupils is $17.18 each. If you are unable to bring your-
self to continue your children here without a visit home it
go
uld cost you twice that to such a home and twice that to come
back, making about $65.

VOL. 18

241

March 13th, 1891.

Thomas W. Potter,

Fort Totten, North Dakota.

My dear Potter:

I congratulate you upon your appointment.

Success to you. You have many qualities that will lead you to make a good Indian school. Of course, you will labor under difficulties from the catholic environment, but you can handle that. Don't be afraid of them. Stand on your own ground as an American citizen and your rights as an official.

I return you Mr. Williams' letter.

I will arrange the Wilson College matter as you wish, depending on you for the wherewith. I write Dr. Edgar to-day.

VOL. 18

243

March 13th, 1891.

Rev. Sheldon Jackson, D. D.,

U. S. Gen'l. Agent of Education for Alaska,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Doctor:-

Fred Harris died in our hospital June 10th, 1890. He came in from the country, where he was spending the summer, with a bowel trouble brought on by over-eating. My school physician reports the cause of his death to be peritonitis.

David Shawiuk and George No-coch-luke are the full names of the two Alaskans brought to the school by the Moravians. George was unquestionably unhealthy when he came and we hesitated to take him. While he was not down sick he developed certain symptoms of phthisis and he is now bad in care of the Moravians at Bethlehem.

VOL. 18

246

March 13th, 1891.

Richard Davis,

West Grove, Pa.

My dear Richard:

I like your spirit and shall have something to say to Senator Plumb on your lines. The Indian appropriation bill carried confirmation of six different treaties, among them the Cheyenne & Arapahoe, so that the $250,000 will be paid out per capita very soon, and the allotments of land will be made as that treaty provides. I would suggest that you write a letter to Commissioner Morgan at once. Tell him who you are, how you received your education, how that for the last three years you have been supporting yourself and family, that you desire to continue to do that and be free from the mire of an Indian reservation; at the same time you think that your conduct is deserving, and that your rights, whatever they may be, on the Cheyenne reservation, either to annuities or special payments, or lands, shall be carefully guarded by the Department. Tell him you ask that as a right and request that any monies due you under the treaty with the Cheyennes & Arapahoes may be paid to you. State who you

VOL. 18

248

March 13th, 1891.

Rev. John Edgar, D. D.,

President, Wilson College,
Chambersburg, Pa.

My dear Doctor:

We have a bright Indian girl, who graduated from us two years ago in June and has taken the high school course in town with a prospect of graduating well at the close of the school year, whom I would like to send to Wilson College next year. Can I do it? I can recommend her in every way as being a faithful student and a good Christian girl. She is nearly white, and would not be selected as an Indian before some others already attending your college. Please advise me at your convenience giving the expense and other necessary information to guide me.

VOL. 18

249

March 13th, 1891.

Mrs. F. Helen Tonkin,
Mt. Pleasant, Mich.

Dear Mrs. Tonkin:

I have consulted the doctor, the nurse and the matron in charge of the girls, and there is a uniform agreement that Delia Strong is gradually improving. The doctor is giving her electric treatment, which seems to help. So long as this continues I could not with propriety ask authority to send her home. It may be at the close of the school year, when I come to look over carefully all the pupils, and send home those who are in a decline, incorrigible, or who have remained with us the number of years for which they came, that I should find it best to send Delia, but just now it is better that she remain here.

VOL. 18

March 14th, 1891.

Hon. W. T. Harris,
Commr. of Education,
Washington, D. C.

Sir:

If there is in the Bureau a complete list of names and addresses of the various College and larger Institution presidents, and also State and larger City superintendents of education, or you can furnish me such a list I will be very greatly obliged.

VOL. 18

251

March 14th, 1891.

Mr. Louis McClelland,

Fern, Mason Co., Mich.

My dear Mr. McClelland:

Moses has been a bad boy. He ran away from Carlisle, came back and was punished. Under such circumstances, I am in no humor to yield to your urgings that he be allowed to return home. His own discipline, and the discipline of the school, requires that he remain here.

VOL. 18

March 14th, 1891.

Mr. L. Ereaux,

Harlem, Mon.

My dear Sirs:

There seems to be a conflict between you and Mr. Campbell who brought the party here in which Rosalie came. Mr. Campbell would have entirely exceeded his instructions had he made any such promises as you allege. The only conditions under which students can be returned before the five years for which they came is up are on account of health, in case of graduation, or on account of incorrigible conduct. Neither of these reasons held in Rosalie's case. She is in good health, notwithstanding your information to the contrary. She is not near graduation, and she is a quiet, orderly well behaved student. Mr. Campbell remarks upon your letter, - "When I was at Ft. Belmop it was explained to Mr. Ereaux, the father of Rosa Ereaux, that the Government paid the transportation for a term of five years, except in case of graduation in a less time, when the pupils would have the privilege of going home, if they so desired, at the expense of the Government." I trust this may satisfy your discontent.

Very sincerely yours,
R.N. Brint
Capt. to Capt. Stuph.

VOL. 18

256

March 16th, 1891.

Mrs. T. Ashton,

Great Falls, Mon.

Dear Madam:

I have learned within a few days that the
Department at Washington has issued orders against permitting so many mixed bloods to enter the training schools, that in many such cases the parents should educate their own children, as they are not barred entry into the Public schools of the States and Territories where they live.
I fear this order will interfere with my taking the two boys at any time.

VOL. 18

258

March 16th, 1891.

Louis McClelland,

Fern P. O.,
Mason Co., Mich.

My dear Sir:

I have your letter of March 13th, and must
again inform you that I cannot change my judgment in regard
to your son.

VOL. 18

259

March 16th, 1891.

Dr. Carlos Montezuma,

Western Shoshone Agency,

White Rock, Nevada.

My dear Doctor:

The Government is establishing an Industrial Training school at Carson city, in Nevada, and I think it would be better, on account of the distance and expense, that your students there want to your own school. What we want here is the advanced youth. We have, as you know, very superior advantages in our environment, and it would be better that we had only those who have done well at the different lower grade schools. I make this suggestion to you believing that it will be something for you to look forward to and accomplish in numbers much greater results than you can by bringing a few here. Still, I am not going against what I said to you in a former letter. I shall want to know the names and the ages and characters of any two or three, or four, that we might be willing to receive, after having from you their qualities. We prefer to have those in under or above the Third Reader grade and none over 18 nor over 12. All goes well with us and I trust all goes well with you.

Yours sincerely,
R.H. Ball

VOL. 18

March 20th, 1891.

Miss Delia Pierce,

Irving, N. Y.

Dear Miss Pierce:

I have been looking for that photograph which you said you would send me but it has not arrived; neither has Bemos received his which you spoke of sending.

I was very glad to get what you had to say about the Indians in New York State. I do not fully agree with your picture of affairs. I think the Indians should be more in lines with the white people and in unison with them for their own good. The selfish exclusive life your people lead is not conducive to a broad future. You are narrowed down to a very small place and it is unfortunate. When the Indians will break up their tribal relations and conditions associate and contend with the white people for the best things of the land, then will they be truly happy, so far as they can be on this earth, in my judgment, and then will they become men and prosperous. I am hoping all the time that this day is not far distant.

Your brother Bemos has had quite an attack of pneumonia, but is well recovered now.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 18

262

March 20th, 1891.

Charlie English,

Winnebago, Neb.

My dear friend:

I think you were misinformed in regard to your son Charlie's condition. There is nothing at all serious the matter with him. He has been out all winter and has had one of the best of our country schools to go to. He has played truant some and not always been as good a boy as he should have been and therefore it is his discontent. The school year is so far gone that I think it better now that he remain as I had arranged and come back here in September and go to school. I am very sure that his manliness, independence and character depends largely upon his being, for a time, in such lines as I have him now placed. I hope you will trust me that I am doing that which is right and best for your son.

VOL. 18

263

March 20th, 1891.

Rev. J. J. Ennemahowh,

White Earth, Minn.

My dear friend:

I have your letter in relation to the
vouchers and money. While I understand the situation you are
in about it, I do not see how it is within my reach to aid
you. It is a matter entirely in charge of the Interior
Department. I have no doubt the Department will do what
they promised.

While I am sorry to know that there is contention and comparison among the friends of our school and other schools, I am glad to know, my dear friend, that you stand up for us. With such an able advocate as I know you to be, I am sure we shall lose nothing in the contest.

All goes well with us here. We are getting ready for our commencement in May. Our class this year will not be so large nor so promising as last years, and there is only one young lady in it. However, we must keep right on and do the best we can.

I should have been glad to have received some

VOL. 18

J. J. E., 2.

advanced students from your section, but better not any at
present than no advanced ones, for the reason that we are
very greatly crowded in the lower departments.

March 19th, 1891.

Houghton, Mifflin & Co.,
4 Park Street,
Boston, Mass.

Gentlemen:

We have the copies of "Stiya", but have not
yet received your bill for the same. I will thank you to
forward this at once.

VOL. 18

268

March 20th, 1891.

William Morgan,

Paumee Agency, Ind. Ter.

My dear Friend:

I want you to keep up a good warm interest in Carlisle, sufficient to enable you to write me now and then a good letter telling me not only about yourself but about every returned Carlisle student, all of them, good and bad. Also about how the Paumees are getting along.

I am glad to hear that you reached home safely. Thanks for the kind remembrances of Mr. Keeler. Please express to him my cordial regard.

Faithfully, your friend,

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269

March 20th, 1891.

A. M. Wood,

810 Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear friend:

I find my charity purse, from which I should
have to pay for the letter heading, is so very low that I
must wait until it is replenished before indulging in that
luxury. In the meantime, I shall be obliged to you if you
will favor me with a couple of prints from the negative you
have.

VOL. 18

270

March 20th, 1891.

Nicholas Ruleau,

New Britain, Pa.

My dear friend:

Your neatly written and very interesting letter of March 8th was received some time ago and should have been answered sooner, but as you know I have many letters to write and much to think about. I am indeed glad to know that you take such interest in your work and that you are trusted so entirely by your employer. Everything in your letter shows that you are on good practical lines and they are what will lead you to success. I note what you say about the bakery, and when you return to Carlisle. I shall be glad to have you come and talk to me about it, and have no doubt I can meet your wishes, if at that time it should seem best.

All goes well at the school. We have this week some exceptionally interesting features. Last night the boys gave us a very lively public contest in the gymnasium. We-might our regular monthly exercises. The Standard Society is making great preparations to give us a farewell

VOL. 18

N. R., 2.

occasion, but that, I think, does not come off until next
week. The Invincibles are also to give us a public ex-
hibition of some kind.

March 20th, 1891.

Abram Willis,
Charlevoix, Mich.

My dear Sir:-

I received your letter, but there was no money
in it to pay for the photographs which you said you wanted
taken of Lazarus and your grand-daughter.

I am take pleasure in sending you a copy of my
own photograph.

VOL. 18

OVERLAPPING TEXT

March 21st, 1891.

Mr. R. G. Williams,

Amherst, Mass.

My dear Sir:

Your proposition has been thought over over
since I saw you in Amherst. I do not feel that I can do
anything from here in reference to it, nor assume any res-
ponsibility in connection with it. So far as the Carlisle
school itself is concerned, I have no difficulty in finding
excellent homes and good schools into which I can send more
than double the number of girls we are able to send out each
year.

These places are offered in the vicinity of Phila-
delphia mostly and within reach of our constant observation.
This would not be the case in Amherst. What you propose is
simply what I have been doing for the past twelve years. The
danger of it to the Department is that it creates an innum-
erable demand upon them from all quarters, and it is easy for
the scheme to get beyond their successful control. There
are many people who, out of sympathy or for advertising
reasons, or for money making, would go in to the business of
taking Indian children, and the Government is so constituted
as not to be able in its headquarters in Washington to

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE TALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 18

OVERLAPPING TEXT

275

manage. Should the Government undertake it, it would be
necessary to have wise agents to investigate every applica-
tion and to visit and report upon the children so placed,
and their homes; and it would require a good deal of arbitrary judgment to and the relations where they were found to
be unorthodox. In our system of government, through politics
very few men are produced who can meet such issues as would
have to be met. I have had to drop about 20 of my former
patrons this year for various reasons. Of course, it hurts
and makes enemies of them.

With the head of all the officials of our Indian
service changing every two or three years, it does not seem
practicable to go into the individual lines, as you propose.
If the Government were wise, and would have a number of
schools, such as Carlisle, located in communities favorable
to such work, and would from these schools farm out the
children, as I do here, under the direction and observation
of the school management in each case it could be made a
success. There is no reason why there should not be a large
school in Massachusetts, and in every State in the east.
One thing is sure that if we get the Indians to join in their
interests with ours in the affairs of the country it will be
through encouragement and help they may receive from us to
do that.

VOL. 18

OVERLAPPING TEXT

March 21st, 1891.

Rev. E. F. Wilson,

Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.

My dear Mr. Wilson:

Our commencement occurs on May 20th, and as the time of your meeting in Toronto is so near that period, I do not see how it would be possible for me to escape from here and join you. I should be very glad to meet with other Canadians, but fear it will not be possible to do so.

VOL. 18

285

March 23rd, 1891.

To The Honorable,

The Commr. of Indian Affairs,
Washington, D. C.

Sir:-

In 1869 I had a valuable horse killed by Indians
at Fort Still. I fought the claim through Congress and was
paid in 1873. I have several times been approached by
claim agents who wanted to collect this same claim for me
again. An just now in receipt of a letter from Mr. Carlton,
519 14th Street, asking to undertake the collection of it.
I simply write this to have the claim, if possible, crossed
off the books, and with the view also of possibly correcting
other claims that may have been paid in the same manner.

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

March 23rd, 1891.

Percy E. Kable,

Cheyenne School,

Darlington, Ind. Ter.

Dear Percy:

Your letter just received. Glad to hear
from you. The Cheyennes & Arapahoes are entering upon a
great change in their history. If they take hold of it in
good faith, and do the very best they can, they will demon-
strate to this country that Indians are very different people
from what the country has been led to believe. There will be
no reason why you should hold back. Every one should pull
forward and join heartily with the government in whatever
course it may adopt to make the allotments as you have agreed.
Your country will be filled with gamblers and win people who
will try to get your money from you. It will be of the
greatest importance that you resist making friends with bad
people. You young men and women who have been to school
will have the best chance possible to show your worth and the
benefit of your education.

Thank you for telling me the news. Kish Hawkins
expects to start for the Territory on April 1st. Give my
hinnest regards to all the Carlslers.

Your friend,

VOL. 18

March 23rd, 1991.

Miss Annie Thomas,

Alma College,

Alma, Mich.

My dear Annie:

I send you a check for $20., which you will,
of course, use economically and to the best advantage. I
rather favor your keeping on with the music to the end of this
term, at least. What do you think best to do at vacation?
Will you come to Carlisle again?

I am sorry to tell you that Mr. Morris is
very sick.

We are all well here and making a big stir
about the outing for the summer. 150 boys will leave us
on April 2nd for farm homes.

Mrs. Pratt joins me in kindest regards to you.

March 23rd, 1891.

R. C. Ogden,

Grand Depot, Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Mr. Ogden:

One of my ladies has written a little book covering incidents in the career of a returned Carlisle girl. / It is called "Stiya." I send you a copy marked personal. Could we not get it on sale with you. We have already had inquiries from Philadelphia asking where it could be purchased, and it would be convenient to be able to inform those who want them that they could be had at your place. We retail it at 50c., and we could send it to you to sell at 50c., and return us 40c.

VOL. 18

289

March 23rd, 1891.

Miss Mary E. Raymond,

Pine Ridge, South Dakota.

Dear Miss Raymond:

I send you herewith a copy of the Red
Man, which contains a list of our returned students. Glad
to hear that you feel benefitted by your trip. We shall al
ways be pleased to see you at Carlisle; remember that.

It will be a personal favor to me and helpful to the work
if you will carry out your intention to keep us informed
on matters and things, particularly those relating to our
returned students.

General Morgan is at present in Philadelphia.
A note from him yesterday does not indicate that he intends
to go west. We are in usual health here, and, so far as I
know, things are pointing in the right direction.

Sincerely, your friend,

VOL. 18

March 23rd, 1891.

Spotted Horse,

Fort Supply, Ind. Ter.

My dear friend:

I am sorry to get the impression from your letter that you are not friendly to the agreement that has been made between Cheyennes and Arapahoes and the United States, which has now been ratified by Congress and is the law and must be obeyed, whatever some of the Indians may think about it. In my judgment, it was a wise thing for your people to do, and if you take hold of it heartily and do your best to meet what you have agreed to it would be an inestimable benefit to you. By the third article of the treaty I notice that every Cheyenne and Arapahoe over 18 years of age has the right to select for himself or herself 160 acres of land, which is to belong to the one so selecting it, and that every one under 18 years of age shall have the same amount, to be selected by the father, or, if he be dead, by the mother, to be held for the children until they become of age; and each orphan child shall have the right to the same amount. That, in your case, entitles you to select for

VOL. 18

291

S. H., 2.

Ledante. I trust you will make a wise selection. You
probably know all the good land there is on the reservation.
I can remember much good land in the neighborhood of the Can-
tonment, where you were located when I saw you last. I
would suggest that it would be good if part of the selection
could be made in timber land and part bottom and prairie land.
These selections have to be made within 90 days from the
time the bill was approved, which was March 3rd; so that
before June 3rd next it will be necessary for all the Choy-
ennes and Arapahoes to have made their selections. If
Indians fail to make their selections by June 3rd, then
between that and July 3rd, the Secretary of the Interior
is authorized, through his agents, to select for them. It
would be a great deal better for every Indian to select his
own land. These lands are to be held and cannot be sold
for 25 years. At the expiration of 25 years they may be
deduced to the individuals by whom they were selected.

Article 7 of the treaty provides that $250,000
shall be distributed equally between the members of the two
tribes within 60 days after March 3rd, and $250,000 be paid
out by the Secretary of the Interior for such things as may
be needed. $1,000,000.00 remains in the Treasury and
draws five per cent interest, which is to be paid to the

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 18

295

March 23rd, 1891.

Hon. John W. Noble,

Secretary of the Interior,

Washington, D. C.

Dear Sir:

We have at this school 26 Cheyenne youth and 21 Arapahoe youth, whose interests will be matters of moment in the allotments and payments to be made to the Cheyennes and Arapahoes under the new law. It is of great importance that some one having a personal interest in them should have some authority in the alloting of their lands. I have known John D. Miles since 1870. He was the agent of the Cheyennes and Arapahoes for twelve years. He has always been especially interested in the youth of the tribe. He visited us at Carlsisle a few weeks ago and had a general talk with the boys and girls in regard to their future. In my judgment, there is no one man who could be assigned to the duty of looking after the interests of the Cheyennes and Arapahoes to whom the Government could more entirely entrust these important matters than John D. Miles. He writes me this morning that he has made recommendations to you in reference to what should be done in order to accomplish the work. I simply

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March 23rd, 1891.

Hon. John D. Miles,

Lawrence, Kansas.

My dear friend:

I have your letter of 20th. It seems to me
that you have recommended just the right thing, and I write
the Secretary in connection with our pupils interests. I
feel that unless there is some one who has a personal interest
in our pupils, and will look out for their allotments, that
they will fair badly in the assignments that are to be made.
I feel assured that you would take care of their interests, as
you know most of them personally and have a fatherly interest
in their welfare. I say as much to the Secretary.

Kish intends to leave here for the west on April 1st. If it seems best, after the orders are issued, I would yield and let others go. We have quite a goodly number of young men who are capable of doing even more than carry a chain.

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March 25th, 1891.

Thomas W. Jacobs,

South Corydon, Warren Co., Pa.

My dear Sir:

The Indians of your tribe are not entitled to enter this school. Under the law the school is established for the benefit of Indians having educational treaty claims upon the government. While I have, with the consent of the Commissioner, taken a few from the Tuscaroras and Senecas, it has been with the distinct understanding that I could bring to bear upon them our existing system and Public school privileges. You can just as well avail yourselves of these in your locality as from here. I send students out into the Public schools of the State. They work for their own keep and attend school in winter. This past winter I had more than 200 so out. If you Western New York and Pennsylvania Indians would take my advice, you would, every one of you, push out into the white communities and forget that you are Indians and tribes. It does not seem to me important whether you are a descendant of Corn Planter or somebody else. The question is not what you were, but what you are, and what you can become. I say this to you in all kindness,

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March 25th, 1891.

Mrs. Emma DeMilt,

334 C Street,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Mrs. DeMilt:

I would gladly, as you know, do anything that I could to help you. I take a great interest in your welfare and am earnestly hoping for your success in the life you have laid out for yourself. I did what I could with General Morgan on your behalf. I have tried to help other students who have been with us for years in the same way that I have tried to help you, but somehow things do not come to pass, though I have what appear to be good promises. I can do this for you, - About July 1st our rates to the west will be very much cheaper than you can get in Washington, or through any other source, and I will gladly give you the benefit of them, that is, if you are here and wish to return with a home going party you can have a ticket at the same that I have to pay for it. I cannot just now see my way to do better than this for you, but it is possible I may be able to when the time approaches. If I can I will. Keep me ad-

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H. A. K., 2.

Indian blood from Government school advantages. The position of the Office is this: if mixed bloods have been brought up among the Indians and are identical with them, or are, to all intents and purposes, Indians, the Office will not as a rule discriminate against them, unless it be for the purpose of accommodating others who have more Indian blood and have a greater claim upon the Office for assistance; but when persons apply for the education of their children who are not identical with the Indians except by remote blood relationship, who do not live among them, and are perfectly able to educate their own children, the Office sees no reason why they should receive such assistance, especially when those more needy and better entitled are left unprovided for."

Should this open the way for the party you were arranging for and remove obstacles I shall be glad to hear from you and arrange the transportation and have the party come in as soon as possible. We are sending out 150 boys for summer work on April 2nd, also a number of girls, and shall therefore have an abundance of room.

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306

March 27th, 1891.

Rev. M. D. Morrow,

Rector, St. John's,

Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Mr. Morrow:

I have just returned from Philadelphia, (2 P. M.) where I have been attending the funeral of Mr. Wistar Morris, and find your note of yesterday which had not been opened in my absence.

Good Friday is not a National holiday. It is a State holiday, and as we have such a great crowd of people, a day of absolute idleness is almost a calamity for us, so I have this year concluded not to observe it. We have at times observed it in the past, but not regularly. The weather is so distressingly bad that it would not be practicable for our girls to go in even if it were a holiday. Sorry I was not at home and that your note was not answered promptly. When I left I expected to return last night.

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307

March 27th, 1891.

Howard G. Logan,

Winnebago Agency, Nebraska.

Dear Howard:

I am glad to get your acknowledgment that the check was received. Mr. Rich has an appropriation of $50,000 to begin his school down there, and there is no doubt about his having it. It may be that the delay is caused by his inability to use any part of his appropriation until the end of the fiscal year. You know, the government fiscal year begins July 1st and ends June 30th. I know what it is to wait on such matters, and I can well understand that you feel annoyed by it, but Mr. Rich ought, at least, to let you know the facts as he knows them himself. Being a new man it may be that he is not familiar with all these things. I do not see for my part how they pay his salary.

We are having a terrific snow-storm here. It commenced snowing this morning and is snowing heavy now, the snow being about 8 inches on a level. Part of your Kansas and Nebraska blizzard broke loose, I guess. We are in very good health, and the school is showing up nicely.

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309

March 28th, 1891.

Chief Good Bear,

Cantonment, Oklo. Ter.

My dear Friend:

Your son Paul thinks that he would like to go home this summer, make a visit and return in the fall. He has not graduated yet. He needs more education; he is an exceedingly good boy, bright and capable and should stick to school until he knows more. This is my judgment and his judgment. What do you say to it? If you feel willing to let him come back, my notion is that I can arrange it for him to go home for a visit.

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313

March 28th, 1891.

Capt. M. M. Maxon,

Beaver Meadow P. O.,

Mobile Co., Ala.

My dear Maxon:

I am rather inclined to think that it would not be a bad idea, if you have a little colony of Apaches there, and Go-Klitz wants his boy Clement, to let the lad go to his parents. I would not favor it unless you are entirely satisfied that your scheme is going to be a permanent one. The boy is well placed in Bucks County, Penna., now and has made his own way into the Public schools, speaks English rather fluently and altogether has a bright outlook where he is. At the same time, you will probably take hold of your Apaches and lead them into civilized lines more rapidly than they have been led heretofore during their imprisonment and he could be of very considerable service. Of course, returning there he would be under the care of the officer in charge of the prisoners at Mt. Vernon, and it would be important that the concurrence of Lieut. Wotherspoon be first obtained. I judge that Clement is about 14 years old.

I have copies of the papers which you forwarded, and herewith return those sent.

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March 30th, 1891.

My dear Captain:

I am gratified by your concurrence in
my views on the Indian question.

I was asked by a newspaper editor in the beginning of February to give my views in reference to the use of Indians as soldiers, and wrote the following hastily, -

> "I have always favored the Indians becoming part of our military force, first, because they ought to be part of the whole population of the country, and it is right that the population of different classes should proportionately furnish men for the Army and Navy. We have an army of thirty thousand men, and sixty million population, that is one soldier to every two thousand people. We have 250,000 Indians, which would give us 125 as a quota from them. Inasmuch as the government could itself at once act in the matter, and as the Indians could at once become soldiers, (for many of them are soldiers now in their own way) I would favor doubling, or even quadrupling or octupling, their proportion in order that they might have present employment. I commenced commanding Indians in 1867, and have not stopped yet. I have been under fire with Comanche and Kiowa soldiers, fighting Co-manches and Kiowas, and know something about their qualities,

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W. H. C., 7.

give me the heart to cooperate to any extent.

You are so close to Carlisle that, under the circumstances, it seems to me it would be quite in your line to drop in and see us. I should be glad to have a visit from you.

Please, if you can make us a visit, come as my guest, advising me of the train, and I will meet you at the station, either Gettysburg Junction or Carlisle.

Yours sincerely,

Capt. 10th Cav'y.

Capt. W. H. Clapp,
16th Infantry,
1331 N. Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

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Dr. L. 2.

your proposition to her and talked it over freely with her.
She seems to feel that it would be quite impracticable for
her to do much at recitation and fill the requirements of
your office work besides. So earnest is she about it that
I feel to compel her to return to Millersville would not be
of much advantage. Unless she herself feels anxious and
earnest in the work she would not make headway.

I enclose herewith check covering your last
bill.

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327

March 31st, 1891.

Col. S. F. Tappan,
1329 F. Street,
Washington, D. C.

My dear Colonel:

Under all the circumstances, it is better
that the name of the officer should not be put out, unless it
is called for officially. He is dead now, poor fellow,
having died by violence brought about by his own savage
nature, so that nothing further could be done, but the facts
remain, and we can go through every profession, clerical in-
cluded, and find men who are brutal and savage who would, if
taken as examples of our race, place us as low in the scale of
savagery as we place the Indians. Isolated instances of
cruelty or bad conduct in any line proves nothing.

I am glad you like the "Red Man" and that you
feel called upon to give me your views. I entirely agree
with you and the Commissioner in regard to disarming the
Indians. The acts of the government in issuing through an
Act of Congress and the Secretary of War four thousand stand
of arms to the citizens immediately surrounding the Sioux

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S. F. T., 2.

reservation, and the proposal to disarm the Indians so that
they might be entirely helpless is to me the most revolting
official transaction that has come to my knowledge in the
history of the country.

I see no hope for the Indian unless he becomes an individual man and every individual standing for himself. Their own act in hanging together as tribes is exceedingly detrimental to their own interests.

I have read your little poetry with interest but must leave to others, not in government service, to push out these facts. I felt that I went to great length when I put out the "Red Man" of last month. Of course, my feelings carried me a great deal farther, but I must remember that I am an official of the government and be somewhat reserved, though I admit I was not very much reserved in what I said.

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329

April 1st, 1891.

Samuel, Little Hawk,

Rosebud Agency, South Dakota.

My dear Samuel:

I do not remember that you wrote me any letter that I have not answered. I guess I did not receive it, for I try to answer all the letters I receive from my former pupils. I am glad to have you write me again for I want to know something about you. I have read the papers constantly during the winter and have been very anxious for you all and for the Dakotas. Their own foolishness has led them into all their trouble. I was very sorry when I knew that some of our boys and girls had gone with them.

About work for you, I cannot do anything.

You know when you were at Carlisle I could give you work. When you left me and went to the agency, then you depended on somebody else. It does not seem to me right that you returned students should all lean upon the government for your education and afterwards demand that the government should give you work and pay you wages. You ought to go out among the white people and hunt work, just as white people themselves do. If you cannot find work at the agency, there is

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S. L. H., 2.

plenty of work to be had in different parts of the country, and you have been out away from the agency and need not be afraid to go and hunt work. From Carlisle this year we expect to send out to work nearly six hundred students. Last summer we had out 520. To-morrow 129 boys go in one party to different places in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and after our annual commencement on the 20th of May, a great many others will go. We have many more places offered than we have boys and girls to fill them, so that there is plenty of work to be had, if you only go to the right places for it. I remember you always with a great deal of interest and have anxiety for your success in every way.

Sincerely, your friend,

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331

April 1st, 1891.

Eugene Tahkapuer,

Box 183, Conway, Mass.

My dear Eugene:

I am indeed very glad to get your letter giving me some particular account of yourself. I was quite disappointed at not being able to visit you when at Northampton but was compelled to hasten back home. I enjoyed my former visit to Conway very much. I should now much prefer to make a visit in the summertime when the surroundings of the pleasant season of the year would I think add very greatly to the pleasure of such a visit.

I take a great deal of satisfaction in your success at becoming a Massachusetts yankee. Our commencement season is to be the 20th of May, and I should be very glad indeed if you could make it convenient to be with us this year, and so give encouragement to our other boys who are inclined to the same course that you have been pursuing. If you would come prepared to make a little speech of not more than five minutes, I would be glad. Concentrate your thoughts, get them into good shape and get your speech well committed so that you would have no difficulty in getting it

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E. T., 2.

off. Others who have been with us before will be present.
With very great regard,

March 31st, 1891.

Jason Brown,

1207 Pine Street,

Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Sir:-

The 24 books came here C. O. D., $24., which I paid. This seems a fair price, and anything above that seems unreasonable to our people. Of course, I knew nothing about the quality of the book until I saw it, and I only took them to sell at the price they cost and I should be unable to sell them at anything above that. In fact, I have been unable so far to sell any.

I am quite willing to return you the books if you care to have the publishers return the money to me in the same C. O. D. way that they were sent.

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333

April 1st, 1891.

Arthur Two Strikes,

Rosebud Agency, South Dakota.

Dear Arthur:

I got your letter and have heard a great deal about you during the winter. Of course, I felt bad because you and your father went off with those people and got into so much trouble, which seemed to me very foolish, and I thought that you and your father both would have been wiser. I trust it is all over, and that from this on there will be not only peace but progress. I know the Dakota country is not very good farming country, nor is it the best of grazing country, yet a great many white people make a good living there, and if the Indians would pursue the same methods of farming and stock raising they could also make a living. Their own happiness depends upon their going to work. All their trials and difficulties come because they are not occupied. If the Sioux were all busy ploughing the fields, fixing up their farms, or working at trades and carrying forward plans for the welfare of their families they would have had no time to go off on ghost dances nor get into the

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A. T. S., 2.

trouble which they did and they would have been laying up
money and accumulating stock, and becoming happy all the
time, and the country would not have been disturbed by their
nonsense. If they do not go to work now but instead of that
lay around their homes in idleness, we may reasonably expect
that something like the ghost dance or some trouble will
come upon them again in the near future. I should be glad
to help you and your father in any way that I could and am
sorry to have to see that you are not favorable to coming
cast and undertaking school again. You quit school too
soon. You should not be backward about correcting your
mistake.

With kindest regards to you and your father,
and my best wishes for your welfare and success in every way,

Faithfully, your friend,

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335

April 1st, 1891.

Amos Crain,

L'Anse, Mich.

My dear Friend:

I cannot feel it best to yield to your im-
portunity in regard to your son. We cannot send students
backwards and forwards to see their friends. It costs too
much money and their own good is not served by it. They get
into the habit of wanting to run around and change. What
Indians need is to learn how to stick at one thing and work
out some success in it.

Sincerely, your friend,

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VOL. 18

March 31st, 1891.

Rev. John Menaul,

Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Dear Friend:

I am glad to receive an evidence of your con-
currence in my work and views. I heard the Superintendent
of Education for your territory, at Philadelphia, on the
subject of the rights of every child in America to an English
education and was greatly pleased with his broad views.
In all my experience with the Indians of New Mexico, the
Roman Church is against, American ideas, education, the
English language and any broad knowledge or experience of
its membership. You doubtless remember some of my tilts
with the priests. They grow more and more bold each year
and I am free to say, from a very wide experience, that the
truth is not in them where they think that falsehood will
serve their purposes better.

With kind regards to Mrs. Menaul.

346

March 31st, 1891.

Mrs. Susan Abram Walker,

Charlevoix, Mich.

Dear Friend:

I have considered your application in regard
your son and daughter, and after talking the matter with the
I feel that it is better that they should continue where the
are under our care. Their future is of the greatest im-
portance both to you and them just now and they must be hel-
closely to their work and not be taught to shift from one &
thing to another. One of the great weaknesses of Indians
is that they are not persistent in their efforts along any
lines. They want constant change. That disposition must
be educated out of them. They must learn to stick and won-
out results. Trust me to do the best I can for them and
of course, for you also.

Sincerely, your friend,

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Dr. L., 2.

Between this and the end of the school year I will work out something for each of them. It may be to go on with you, or it may be something else. It is a matter of discipline in Clara's case as well as Cecilia's. I quite entirely agree with the views you express as to the desirability of Cecilia continuing in school for some time, and I believe with you that Millersville is the place.

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April 6th, 1891.

James Green,

Oneida, Wis.

My dear Friend:

I have your letter and the post script from
your wife begging that I will let your son Nelson go home
this year. I would be very glad if I could meet your wishes
but that is impossible. We have nearly 800 pupils and we
must treat them all alike. If the government should let
your boy go home after being here so short a time there would
be just reason why other boys and girls too should be allowed
to go home within the same time, and this would make our ex-
penses so great that we would practically kill the disposition
of Congress to stand by us. Your boy has been under ex-
cellent influences, and I believe has very greatly benefitted
by his period with us so far. It is my intention to bring
him back to the school in the fall and push him forward in
his education as rapidly as possible. He is a good boy and
has won for himself the warm interest of those with whom he
lives. It is not that I am afraid you will not permit him to
come back, but the fact that we cannot stand expense, and the
example to others. Cordially, your friend,

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