HAVERFORD COLLEGE
HAVERFORD, PA.

October 25, 1951

Mr. Henry Kissinger
Department of Government
Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Henry:

A little belatedly, I send you my congratulations and most
earnest best wishes on your new responsibilities as editor of a
magazine which has long been needed in the international field.

I know it is a tremendous job you are undertaking, but it is
also a tremendous opportunity from both a social and personal view-
point. As one who has long felt the need for such a publication,
I look forward to your first issue with great anticipation.

It was good to get a glance of you this summer. Bill keeps
me up to date on your progress when I see him. He speaks of you
with pride and affection and I am always delighted to hear the
enthusiastic reports.

July 21, 1952

Dear Paul:

This is to request your approval of our paying William C. Burto, who has a teaching fellowship for 1952-53, the amount of $267 by voucher during this month and next (July and August) for general assistance in arranging the social and extracurricular program of the International Seminar. This amount is two-thirds of the compensation agreed upon for the job, $400; the first third, $133, was paid to him prior to the new fiscal year for the work which he did in June (June 11-30). The whole $400 is being paid from the special Seminar gift funds. I did not feel that this work required an actual Corporation appointment, although it does require your approval and later Corporation confirmation because of the concurrent teaching fellowship appointment for next year. We had some difficulty in filling this job with a suitable candidate and were not able to arrange for Burto's services until the last minute just before he started work in June, too late to include his name on the lists that were submitted for the last Corporation meeting.

In addition I should like to pay Stephen R. Graubard the amount of $450 from the Seminar funds for the work he did during the winter and spring in helping Henry Kissinger select the applicants and make general plans for the Seminar program. The nine hundred or more applications that were received for the forty available places necessitated, in addition to the work of reading and acting upon them, a considerable amount of correspondence. Largely through devotion to the project, and without any definite understanding concerning any compensation, Graubard put a great deal of time and effort into the project and remained on hand until the first week of the session to help in getting the Seminar launched. Now that adequate funds for both the Seminar and the magazine are in hand, Graubard should be paid for the valuable contribution he made, and I feel that $450 is a conservative figure. This payment, too, will require your approval and later Corporation action.

Provost Paul H. Buck
5 University Hall

November 25, 1952

Mr. Milton Katz
The Ford Foundation
914 East Green Street
Pasadena 1, California

Dear Milt:

Henry Kissinger has sent copies of CONFLUENCE as you suggested in your letter of October 31st both to Bob Hutchins and to Laughlin although the latter is not likely to be back, according to his secretary, until late December rather than early November as your letter seemed to indicate.

This is a little bit embarrassing for our plans in relation to the continuance of the publication of CONFLUENCE. I should like to put the present position before you frankly and then ask your advice about the best line to take: whether to risk going ahead in the light of a very uncertain budgetary position where I do not feel inclined to commit the University to a possible deficit or to drop the magazine completely. I should be very unhappy to have to take the latter step in view of the fact that we have succeeded, I think, in establishing its reputation and in accomplishing some of the things at least that we set out to do.

The Rockefeller Foundation showed great interest in one aspect of CONFLUENCE: the wide reputation all over Europe and the response that it was getting — hundreds of letters from cultural leaders in Asia as well as in Europe. They made us a grant which will cover the development and editorial expenses for eighteen months ending December 31, 1953 but they are apparently bound by a policy decision not to spend one cent for publishing. We have in hand several thousand dollars which we could use to continue publishing and so hope to get out five more issues, including the forthcoming December issue. We could certainly undertake this if subscriptions came in. But in order to get subscriptions, we have, of course, to promise four issues after the date when we accept subscriptions. This has involved me in a dilemma in spite of the fact that I have raised two or three thousand dollars on a sort of hat-passing basis. The

Mr. Katz

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November 25, 1952

prospects for subscriptions are good. We sent out letters to our American readers with our last issue asking whether the recipients would be willing in principle to subscribe. Despite the vagueness of this request, we have had a very gratifying indication of interest. In addition, a number of European distribution agencies have made preliminary surveys for us and have come to the conclusion that a definite market exists although we would, of course, think of subscriptions in Europe as a cost-accounting rather than as a revenue-producing device. But again getting into subscriptions on a serious basis requires planning several months ahead as well as an initial outlay and this the terms of our present grant do not permit.

I might add that any number of extensions of CONFLUENCE are stymied by our uncertain budgetary situation. For example, we have established good working relations with key European reviews and publishing houses in order to carry our forum idea into book reviews. We would propose to have the same group of books reviewed by one American and one European. One of the first things we want to do along this line is to have a discussion of the Sartre-Camus quarrel which has caused such a furore on the Continent. We have also been urged by many Asians to expand into that area, at least by including India and Pakistan.

I really cannot go on any longer living on a hand-to-mouth basis from one issue to the next so that I am inclined either to get underwriting for another year's publication to January 1955 which would mean a total of $29,400 including the publishing costs for the next four issues; or to announce the prospective demise of the magazine and not go back to the Rockefeller people for a renewal of the editorial expenses which I would feel uncertain of getting as long as we can not cover our publishing deficit. They have indicated, however, that they would be willing to extend their assistance if we would include contributions from Asia and the discussion on a free world rather than just a NATO basis. But they are not prepared to pay for any publishing or distribution costs, and some parts of their grant for "developmental" expenses may not be renewed in any case.

I think you can see that the magazine has steadily improved in its quality and in the editorial coherence which Henry Kissinger managed to give it under these difficult conditions. We have already planned and in large part solicited articles for the issues appearing next year which will deal with: The Diffusion of Ideologies, The Meaning of Conservatism, The Problem of Race Relations, Problems of the Post-War Youth, The Media of Mass Communication, and The Role of Science. Raymond Aron, Trevor Roper, Elio Vittorini, Eric Weil and Bertrand de Jouvenel among others have agreed to write on the European side, while the American point of view will include Byron Dexter, Perry Miller, Louis Hartz, Lewis Galantiere and William H. Whyte, Jr. We are now trying to get Hofstaetter of Columbia as an advisor on the kind of correspondence which the Rockefeller Grant aims to promote and we are

Mr. Katz

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November 25, 1952

bringing in Professor Nelson of the University of Minnesota as an advisor on book reviews and bibliography. We have a backlog of topics as well as articles which should carry us through several years if funds become available.

I had rather hoped that my stint in Washington might come to a close but I have been drawn in by Dodge and to a smaller degree by Lodge in making the transition period over to Eisenhower. The chances are, therefore, that I won't have the time or energy for hat-passing. In fact, I do not feel inclined to continue with the International Seminar and CONFLUENCE in spite of my genuine conviction that these have been as worthwhile as anything I have been associated with in academic circles unless it proves possible to put them on a more stable basis. Henry Kissinger has done wonders with them with little encouragement and great difficulties; but he now shares my own view that it is impossible to go on on the basis of complete uncertainty on which we have to operate from year to year. They have taken a great deal of the time that he should have devoted to his academic pursuits and they have certainly taken more of mine than I had planned. I daresay that I spent more time on them last year than I did on the whole of the rest of the Summer School program, largely because of the necessity of improvising and living on expectations. As the Summer School is now running a deficit, I cannot ask this degree of latitude from the Provost and indeed I should not myself want to risk it.

I am therefore asking you to make a special effort, if you can to see that a speedy decision is reached as to whether or not we can count on support from the Ford Foundation in accordance with the enclosed budget. I do not feel inclined to push the case but I should say that this is an entirely different area from PERSPECTIVES. Our effort attempts not only to make American thinking available to Europeans but to bring European thought to Americans and across national boundaries within Europe. The enthusiastic American response of which the enclosed excerpts are only a small sample indicate the great need of for this kind of journal also on the American side. Furthermore, CONFLUENCE will deal primarily with social and political problems and would therefore provide a useful supplement to the emphasis of PERSPECTIVES on cultural problems. The impact on international circles is steadily growing as many very flattering reviews in key European journals demonstrate. It would be a pity if this valuable magazine were lost as an instrument of sound cultural policy.

Forgive this long letter. I have thought it necessary to put the matter before you with complete frankness. I think you could get from Mr. Fox some idea of the groups that we have here at the Seminar. I am aware that you are not concerned with that decision, which is also still being held up from an early settlement. If Mr. Laughlin's return from India is to be delayed until somewhere in late December we could certainly not get very much from him until late in January and the Foundation action might be still further delayed. Do let me know if there is any prospect of an earlier decision. I am rather desperately

Ella.
MME:pg

William Y. Elliott

Gincerely home.

Go over om situation with you.
Ten weeks. It you find it necessary, he could stop over at Passendens and
Henry Klaasen may have to go to the West Coast within the next

in need of a decision because of the dilemma I have outlined to you.

Mr. Kats

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November 52, 1925

February 25, 1955

Mr. Edward F. D'Arms
Associate Director
The Rockefeller Foundation
49 West 49th Street
New York 20, New York

Dear Mr. D'Arms:

I have delayed writing to you for two reasons: I wanted to re-examine our budgetary position so that the revised budget I am submitting to you would reflect as accurately as possible our detailed expenditures and to enable me to gauge more exactly the possibilities over a period of time of the type of exchange of ideas visualized in your grant, now that I have had an opportunity to expalin personally to a number of Europeans what we had in mind.

I am sure you understand that in an enterprise such as CONFLUENCE it is difficult to apportion the expenses precisely between editorial costs and developmental costs. Since most of us double in brass, since much of the correspondence deals both with CONFLUENCE as well as with problems raised by it, any dividing line is somewhat tenuous. I have worked on the budget to the best of my ability and believe that it reflects a fair division. I am submitting this budget estimate under headings which conform to our original request. Those headings which have been eliminated are those under which no expenses have been incurred; under other headings the amounts have increased either because of a general increase in costs or because we under-estimated the expenses originally. I should like to add that this is the first time that I have had audited figures with which to work. Thus, I am sure these amounts do conform to our actual expenses. I have also had pre-pared a quantitative analysis of reactions to CONFLUENCE both in Europe and the United States. It misses, of course, what I take to be the real point of our effort, the spirit of cooperation and the warmth of the response.

It may be useful, therefore, if I stated briefly the philosophy that has animated us. It needs little reiteration that our basic intention was to bring the most substantial American thought to the attention of Europeans in a manner free of the condescension and commercialism which so often pervades intercultural relations. If we chose as our original vehicle the form of a quarterly review, this was not because we were interested in magazines as such, but because it seemed to us the best means of attaining

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[N]

our objective. A magazine has the quality of regularity which insures con-
tinuity of interest, and it has the organization without which disciplined
thought is impossible. I would suggest that its analogy to commercial reviews
is primarily formal and extends almost exclusively to format. We have dis-
tributed it free of charge and have at one time or another written personally to
at least 25 per cent of the individuals on our mailing list and in the form of
mimesographed letters to everyone on our mailing list at least twice. CONFLUENCE
has therefore become the organ of what seems to me a truly cooperative effort
and this explains in large part the extraordinary warmth of our response.

You suggested in our conversation that you believe CONFLUENCE
has changed its focus. I can agree with this only with fundamental qual-
ifications. When you made your grant nobody could know precisely what form
the correspondence would take or its scope. It has been our belief that
whatever by-products developed, they could not be better than the level of
CONFLUENCE itself. We therefore felt obliged to continue to raise its level
and to deepen its discussion, concurrently with developing its other aspects.
This involved necessarily establishing certain priorities. Now that
CONFLUENCE has been firmly established, the exploitation of by-products should
gain momentum. Only in that sense has the focus of our effort been changed.

I take it that the Rockefeller Foundation is interested in correspondence between first-class individuals. It would not have been difficult at all to start a substantial flow of correspondence between individuals at the lower college level here and in the upper grades of lycees in Europe. But I would assume that the issue is not the quantity of correspondence but its level. As you can see from the enclosed list, we have received a substantial number of letters from Europe and from the United States. Very few, however, were suitable for farming out since they did not raise specific enough issues. We have, however, answered each letter personally; often they led to a discussion which resulted in the definition of a topic, occasionally we have turned them over to our authors or members of our panel. For example, we have turned over letters to Peter Viereck, Don Price, Ted Geiger, Morton White and others.

But CONFLUENCE has had other by-products which seem to fall under
the terms of your grant. It is used in courses in the universities listed
in the attached memorandum. We have established sufficient confidence that
many key European reviews are utilizing us to find American contributors for
them. Thus we have placed an article by Bundy in the *Aussenpolitik*, by
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. in *Nuovi Argomenti* (Moravia's journal) and by Barrett
in the *Merkur*. Our articles have been reprinted in the journals mentioned
in the attached list. We have established a panel of Americans interested
in collaborating with us. (The copy of a typical letter inviting assistance
is attached). In this country *The New Mexico Quarterly*, *Epoch*, *The Kenyon
Review*, and the *Partisan Review* have either asked us to suggest European
authors or will consider articles we submit to them. To be sure, many
aspects of the development of CONFLUENCE have proved more difficult than we
had assumed; for example, to find the right person to associate with
CONFLUENCE. Stephen Graubard about whom I spoke to you had to withdraw after
four months because of his other duties as executive secretary of General
Education. Benjamin Nelson has given invaluable advice but is not the
right person for personal contacts. Richard Hofstedter is completing a book
and is unavailable till summer. In addition, we are now confronted with an
uncertain budgetary situation making it difficult to approach first-class
individuals.

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[Y]

In summary, I believe that the following measures can be said to fall under the terms of your grant:

A.- Developing a panel of Americans willing to deal with specific European queries. (List has been submitted previously)

B.- Printing a note in each issue of CONFLUENCE inviting correspondence.

C.- Corresponding at length with Europeans and Americans in various centers inviting suggestions and discussion. This last aspect is expanding now that CONFLUENCE is more widely understood in Europe.

D.- Undertaking to place articles in European and American reviews and advising European reviews on the choice of topics.

E.- Creating an American advisory board to help in American collaboration.

F.- Holding meetings of this advisory board designed almost exclusively to carry out the terms of the grant. (Minutes of the two meetings have been sent to the Foundation)

G.- Sending at least two mimeographed letters during the year to everybody on the CONFLUENCE mailing list inviting suggestions and discussions.

I would like to make one final point. You mentioned in our conversation that you feel let down that CONFLUENCE might end. I can well understand this but I would say that we have done our best not to have to take this step. We have kept CONFLUENCE going largely on the faith that in these times one would not fail to find support for a venture such as ours. Ever since the beginning we have confronted a publishing deficit, and if we have become in some respects too much of a magazine, the terms of our grant left us no choice but to take subscriptions. Despite the fact that we had to devote a disproportionate amount of energy to fund raising, we have raised the level of CONFLUENCE, and we have established within one year a degree of confidence possessed by no other American publication in Europe. We, too, are discouraged. We are delayed in obtaining support from one foundation because we are not enough of a review and we are criticized by another because we are too much so.

I believe CONFLUENCE is worth continuing together with its by-products. Without it, there will be no focus; without regularity, the discussions would soon peter out. We have done our best to live up to the terms of your grant. But it seems inevitable that any new venture will make some false starts and take time to gain momentum.

HAK:bd
Encs.

C
O
P
Y

Danish Information Office
588 Fifth Avenue
New York 36, N.Y.

C
O
P
Y

March 4, 1953

Harvard University
Confluence
10 Weld Hall
Cambridge 38, Mass.

(Att: Mrs. Nancy D. Jarvi
Administrative Assistant)

Dear Mrs. Jarvi:

Thank you for your letter of January 29. Enclosed please find
an article from the Danish newspaper, the Ekstrabladet, which I
thought would interest you. The article is by Mr. Sten Gudme, City
Editor of the Ekstrabladet, Copenhagen's largest evening paper. He
calls his article "Is Americanization Bad?"

Most of the article is a condensation of articles which appeared
in your Vol.I, No.4 issue. In the beginning of his article Mr. Gudme
puts the question whether the press, radio, film and television are
getting spoiled because they have to satisfy new millions who want
to read, listen and see more and more? The intellectual seems to
think so and despises the huge number of information media who have
their products pour over the continents. But do the intellectuals
really have a right to be dissatisfied? Then he goes on to say that
the new American quarterly Confluence, published by Harvard University,
and which is certainly no mass product, has in its last issue started
a discussion about information for the masses.

JL/lrt

PART I, continued

C. REVIEWS — EUROPEAN NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS

(Note: This list deals only with reviews which have come
to the attention of this office.)

GREAT BRITAIN - London News Chronicle, May 8, 1952
               January, 1953

Yorkshire Observer, July 3, 1952
October 30, 1952

The Times Educational Supplement, September 26, 1952

The Scottish Educational Journal, August 22, 1952

SWITZERLAND - Neue Schweizer Rundschau (twice - dates unknown)

Neue Zürcher Zeitung, June 10, 1952
June 17, 1952

La Tribune de Genève, January 10, 1953

NETHERLANDS - Het Vaderland, July 26, 1952

Critisch Bulletin, September, 1952

ITALY - Societa (Communist quarterly-10 page criticism) June, 1952

Aut Aut

Revista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali

Lorriere de la Serrà, December, 1952

La Stampa

GERMANY - Gewerkschaftliche Monatshefte, December, 1952
Deutsche Universitats Zeitung, June 20, 1952
Kolnischer Stadt Zeitung, July, November, 1952
Frankfurter Allgemeine, December, 1952

AUSTRIA - Der Oesterreichische Mittelschullehrer, October, 1952

Neues Österreich

Wort und Wahrheit, January, 1953

APPENDIX A

TESTIMONIALS

**Walter Lippman:** "I have only recently begun reading CONFLUENCE and I must congratulate you upon an admirable start towards what seems to me a most useful work."

**Frank E. Smith, Member of Congress:** "I have just had the opportunity to read the first two issues of CONFLUENCE. I think you have made a very good start toward meeting the goal of providing a medium for exchange for the views between younger scholars on European and American problems."

**President Rosemark Park, Connecticut College:** "With one exception it is the only periodical which I read from cover to cover, and I can assure you that any charge which you might be obliged to make for American readers I should be most happy to pay. I have been impressed by the number of younger men whose opinions are brought together in the magazine. As an educator, I feel it is essential that I learn as much as possible of this new generation's political and aesthetic opinions and ideals. This, it seems to me, CONFLUENCE has brought to its readers, and I hope that you will be able to continue the high standard which the first three issues have set."

**Arthur Krock:** "I acknowledge with thanks the copy of CONFLUENCE that you sent to me, and certainly number 3 is at least one part of a liberal education."

**Richard M. Bissell, Jr.:** "May I take the occasion to compliment you on the magazine. I had already seen several of the early issues and I think it is an excellent conception, well executed."

**Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt:** "I am delighted to have CONFLUENCE."

**August Heckscher, Chief Editorial Writer, N. Y. Herald Tribune:** "I was particularly interested to read the contributions by Mr. Hughes and Mr. Viereck, both friends of mine; and the review as a whole seemed to me highly stimulating."

**Fleur Cowles, Cowles Magazines:** "In some inexplicable way, your first issue of CONFLUENCE was buried --- and I did not see or read it until last night. I was immensely impressed by it ... I am going to route my copy to others I think might like seeing it."

**William H. Whyte, Jr., Assistant Managing Editor, FORTUNE:** "Let me add that I think you have done a wonderful job with CONFLUENCE."

["We are sure that I am right here, but we have a wonderful job with COMALMION.", "WILLIAM H. MUELLER, JR., Vices President, Editor, \"LETTER\"", "Good to have you here today. I think might be the best. It's just too late. I'm sure it's not too late. I'm sure it's never too late. I was immediately interested in it. ... I am very pleased with it. I think it's a great idea. It's a great book.", "What about the book? What about the book? What about the book?", "Mr. Henry Roosevelt: \"I am satisfied to have COMALMION.\"", "Thanks very much. I think it is an excellent conception, and excellent.", "Mr. and Mrs. Afterburn, please come and have a look.", "What about you come to me? And what about you come to me?", "I am very pleased to be able to help you out.", "COMALMION has brought me to your notice, and I hope that you will be satisfied with the first issue. I think so. I think so.

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Roger Baldwin: "I have read the CONFLUENCE you kindly sent me and have found material of fresh approaches to old problems."

President J. L. Merrill, University of Minnesota: "The journal, as you have intended, is unique and greatly needed for the clarification of contemporary world issues."

Willet Weeks, Manager, N. Y. Herald Tribune: "This is to congratulate you on CONFLUENCE, which seems to me to fill a real need today."

Professor Louis Gottschalk, University of Chicago: "I like CONFLUENCE very much. Not all the articles seem to me to be of equal merit --- but they are all by well-informed writers who seem to have a genuine desire to contribute to the intelligent understanding of difficult problems. I have rarely read as much of any magazine as I have of three issues of yours."

Professor Arnold Rose, University of Minnesota: "Thank you for sending me a copy of CONFLUENCE. I found its content most stimulating and congenial, and I appreciate your making available a new intellectual forum. It is doubly valuable for bringing together the thought of European and American writers on the same topics."

Professor M. Y. Ashley Montagu, Princeton University: "May I congratulate you upon the appearance and the content of the issue you have sent me. If you manage to maintain the quality of the pieces published in this issue in those which are to come, and I hope there will be very many, you will, indeed, be making a considerable contribution to clarity of thinking in international relations."

Dean John J. Lee, Wayne University: "I have just received the third number of CONFLUENCE and I am delighted indeed to write you and say that I consider it one of the finest publications that has ever come to my desk. I have reviewed both previous issues carefully and consider that this publication gives an insight into international problems and points of view which I find from no other source."

Professor Charles C. Griffin, Vassar College: "This is to thank you for the copy of CONFLUENCE which you have sent me and which I have read with great interest. It seems to me that there is a place for a publication of this kind in which people from various countries could express themselves on a given subject of general interest."

J. Bartlett Brebner: "I can say little more than that I like the general idea and think you have come close to attaining it. Your writers, American and European, invite debate by their explicitness and seem to represent their individual thinking about as much as their national origins. In other words, CONFLUENCE manages to avoid 'the greatest common platitude' and to remind readers that liberty is synonymous with diversity."

Malcolm Bauer, Associate Editor, THE OREGONIAN: "I found the issue of CONFLUENCE very worthwhile, and have passed it among my friends here. Your purpose is admirable."

Mrs. George B. Burch, Instructor, Tufts College: ".... has passed on to me his copies of CONFLUENCE. I would like to say that without question they have stimulated and enriched my thinking to an impressive degree. All too rarely one comes upon an idea that crystallizes vague gropings or unlocks new vistas for speculation, and in CONFLUENCE I have found not only one but several such ideas. The articles on the whole correlate remarkably well the tendencies of the future with the realities of the present."

Mr. W. Fairfield Peterson: "When in Europe last summer, I saw a copy of your publication called CONFLUENCE. It was referred to me by several of my friends as an outstanding publication on international affairs. Will you please enter my subscription..."

Professor M. S. Richardson, Jr., Gettysburg College: "A copy of CONFLUENCE has just come to my desk --- by what routes I do not exactly know. To me it is trying to bridge a long-felt gap --- more power to you."

Richard B. Shryock, Director, Institute of History of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University: "I simply wish to thank you for the recent issue of CONFLUENCE, and trust that it will be possible to continue me on the mailing list for this. I am very much impressed by this publication."

Professor Philip E. Mosely, The Russian Institute, Columbia University: "I am again impressed by the skill with which you have grasped basic issues and attracted important contributions. While I am hard pressed to keep up my professional subscriptions over a rather wide field, I believe that I would be able to pay a modest subscription for CONFLUENCE."

Dr. Karl Lark-Horovitz, Department of Physics, Purdue University: "I want to thank you most sincerely for sending me CONFLUENCE throughout the year. I have made these copies available to my colleagues who have been as much interested as I have. I believe that this is an extremely important publication for anybody who is interested in science, not only for a factual point of view but a cultural point of view, and therefore, I am going to see to it that the Physics Library at Purdue will take a subscription."

["tura a supoetation.", "I am going to see to it that the University Press and the Press will point out that even put a final point on them, and therefore, since they are interested in science, not only for a theoretical point but also for a practical point.", "Dr. Rudolf Kuhlemann, Department of Physics, Prange University:", "a request for an application for COMMISSION.\n\nover a paper which I will write. I will write that I want to apply to both write I am past president to be able to make a professional application.", "Published please notice any abstracts interested in contributions.\n\nUniversity: \"I am again published in the skillful abstract of my paper Professor Philip H. Hesey, the Mexican Institute, Chicago", "institute of this application.", "to continue me on the matting list for this. I am very much recent time of COMMISSION, and want that it will be possible to have a meeting at the University: \"I wish to ask to whom for this purpose should be done the meeting University: \"I wish to ask to whom for this purpose should be done the abstract of COMMISSION. It was returned to me by the University: \"I wish to ask to whom for

May 26, 1955

Dean McGeorge Bundy
University Hall 5

Dear Mac:

This is to request your approval for payments to two Corporation appointees who are assisting with the planning of the International Seminar.

The first is Ray Williams who is acting as social director of the International Seminar. He started at the beginning of April and will continue until July 15. I would like to pay him a total of $300 for this work, to be charged to the Ford Foundation grant: $270 for the months April through June and $30 for the period in July. In order to be able to make the latter payment by voucher in the same manner as our other summer payments for extra services, we will include it in the list of such payments which we will submit in June.

The second is Stephen Graubard. This spring Graubard has been giving a considerable amount of assistance in the selection procedure for the Seminar, going over a large number of applications. He will also be helping with the correspondence, editing, and other details while Henry Kissinger is in Europe. For these services, falling in the four months March through June, I should like to pay him $200, to be charged to the Ford Foundation grant and the Old Dominion Foundation grant in equal amounts.

In addition, we would appreciate your asking Mr. Bailey to authorize the Comptroller to make the payments due to Williams on June 1 in anticipation of Corporation approval on June 6, as he will be in rather urgent need of the money at that time.

P.S. We have just learned that Mr. Williams is resigning his Corporation appointment as of the end of June, so that Corporation approval for the payment in July may not be necessary.

January 3, 1956

Mr. E.W.F. Tomlin
55 Courtfield Gardens
London S.W. 5, ENGLAND

Dear Mr. Tomlin:

I am writing to you again about Confluence to tell
you about a new topic we are preparing, for which we would very
much like to have a contribution from you.

This new topic deals with the changing nature of
international relations in the last few years. It seems to me that
for the past decade or so our policy has been influenced very much
by the patterns of the cold war. Whether or not the cold war con-
tinues, it would seem that we have reached a crucial point and that
it might be well to assess such things as the meaning of alliances,
the posture to take toward the Soviet Union, our attitude toward
colonialism, and the relation of these things to each other. It
is clear that one article cannot deal with all these matters, but
within the framework of the topic on "The Impact of the Cold War
on our Thinking and the Changing Nature of Current International
Relations" I would hope that you might find something of interest.
A good peg to hang it on might be the dilemmas which have been
exposed by the crises in the satellite orbit and in the Middle East,
and what they reveal about the nature of international relations
at the present time. I would be very interested to see an article
from you on the philosophical nature of this topic.

I do hope you will be able to write for us. We can
pay you $100 for an article of between three and four thousand
words, which we would need here by March 30.

Do let me hear from you.

January 11, 1956

Mrs. Ruth Van Gulden
Randall Hall

Dear Mrs. Van Gulden:

Enclosed are the page proofs for Confluence, Volume 5, no. 4.
We would like to order 5,000 copies of this issue. 4,600 copies should
be sent to Miss Cynthia Jordan, American Mail Advertising, Ince,
610 Newbury Street, Boston, Mass., and 400 should be sent to 10 Weld
Hall.

I noticed that none of the headings on the top of the odd-
numbered pages have been put in except for Osgood, and this should
be done. I don't think any of these need to be shortened, as did the
Osgood, but if they do, please call me.

The book should not weigh more than 7 - 7⅔ ounces (or much less). The changes that were made on the front cover and the back of the title page should be carried through this time.

We do not yet have a count on the pink and green cards, but
we will have later in the day and will send them over to you then.
These should be kept separate when sending the books over to American
Mail.

We would like to order the following reprints:

25 - Woodrow Wilson, Collective Security, and the Lessons of History, R.E. Osgood.

We would like to order the following offprints:

50 - The Liberal Values and Collective Security, Byron Dextre.

50 - Woodrow Wilson: A Study in Intellect, John M. Blum.

25 - Woodrow Wilson - Style in Leadership, August Heckscher.

Please call me if anything comes up.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CONFLUENCE
AN INTERNATIONAL FORUM

10 WELD HALL
CAMBRIDGE 38, MASSACHUSETTS

HENRY A. KISSINGER, Editor

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
HARVARD SUMMER SCHOOL
OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AND OF EDUCATION

WILLIAM Y. ELLIOTT, Director

September 18, 1956

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

I hope you are enjoying the Smokies. You probably don't want to hear from us, or perhaps don't expect to, but I thought I would keep you a little up to date -- although nothing much is happening. The letter to past participants about the New Delhi postponement will go out at the end of this week, as we've heard nothing from Bhojwani or Rao.

Enclosed are some suggestions for topics, and I've also included two that arrived from Desai this morning. Also enclosed is a letter from Craig Wylie that will warm your heart, I hope, though it may be too late to restore your faith in anything British; a letter from Bill Ross; and a copy of a letter from D'Arms.

Other things in the mail are: copies of correspondence between Elliott and Bundy (Elliott's full of honeyed eulogies) about a raise for you; a letter from Niebuhr which says, "Thank you for your invitation to do an article for *Confluence*. I am not sure whether I am up to this assignment, but I'll survey it and if you don't hear from me in the immediate future you can count on me." This was dated Sept. 10 and so far we've heard no more. William Barrett cannot write. Robert Bowie sent a note thanking you for your comments about his talk. There's a long letter from K.- Leddihn, and also a very detailed one from Mr. Komatsu about *Confluence*. I've told the latter you are away until October, but we shall have to write him fairly soon as he's gone to a great deal of trouble. There are two more Indian articles - one on education, and the other an imaginary dialogue between Nehru and Eisenhower. Also, Klaus Rudolphi has sent the Ritter article, which I presume can wait until your return.

Here are the Gundappa page proofs in case you want to look at them, and also a special delivery envelope for their return.

That seems to be all for now, except for the local gossip.
Ann MacMillan left about a week ago and one of the summer school girls
is pregnant.

Regards from us both to you and Mrs. K. -- and to the book.

MEMORANDUM TO DR. KISSINGER

Sept 25

Re: Suggestions for Confluence articles on social aspects of urbanization.

1) Everett Wilson, sociologist of University of Michigan
Has written interesting articles on mobility of populations
entering
and relationships in community of new
groups.
and nationality

2) Richard Cloward, NY School of Social Work and protégé of Merton of Columbia. Brilliant young man, writing thesis on disorganizations in society and their effect on particular population groups and the family. patterns which are more prone to delinquency.

3) Howard Lane, New York University Center for Human Relations and Community Studies. Has worked with police department of Detroit and organized training programs for dealing with delinquent youth. Writes well for lay understanding.

4) Albert Cohen, director of Citizens Committee for Children, NYC.

5) Thorstin Sellin, U. of Penn. Dept of Sociology, just wrote LIFE series on crime statistics. Perhaps he has interesting statistics on juvenile crime.

6) Amos Hawley, Chr. of Sociology Dept, Univ. of Michigan, an ecologist.

November 1, 1956

Dear Mac:

I have been hopelessly remiss in writing to you
and I can only hope that you understand the travails of
someone who is trying to finish a book by a certain
deadline.

The truth is, I have not had a chance to go over
your article yet although I very much want it for "Confluence".
I shall read it again this weekend and send you whatever
suggestions I may have early next week. However, as I
recall, my general reaction was that this was in very good
shape.

I hope you understand my long silence which is
caused by the fact that when I write I neglect all other
things.

Do call me when you come through New York.

With kind regards,

Mr. McGeorge Bundy, Dean
Faculty of Arts and Sciences
Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

November 9, 1956

Dear June:

HAK asked me to send you the enclosed material with the
following notations:

The Dexter article can be printed after the corrections made on
the yellow sheets are "cleaned up".

On the Barth paper, HAK has gone over three pages. He asks
that Mr. Kennison finish it and he will pay him, Kennison,
whatever is required.

Caparis article should be sent to him here after it has been
retyped.

I hope this all makes sense to you. This project is really quite
frantic now so, I am sure, there are times when I must be completely
incoherent,

Please try and arrange another trip to New York soon. It would
be great fun to see you.

Best regards!

Sincerely,

Mrs. June Martin
10 Weld Hall
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

THE TWENTIETH CENTURY FUND

330 WEST FORTY-SECOND STREET • NEW YORK 36, N.Y.

AUGUST HECKSCHER, Director

December 10, 1956

Miss Corinne Lyman
Confluence
Harvard University
10 Weld Hall
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Miss Lyman:

I return the proofs of the Wilson
piece with only one minor change. Thank you
for letting me see them. I would be very
glad to have 25 offprints, as I have indicated
on the enclosed slip.

AH/b

Enclosure

December 30, 1956

Mr. Guido Calogero
c/o Department of Philosophy
University of California
Berkeley 4, California

Dear Mr. Calogero:

Thank you for your letter of December 18. I am disappointed
that you will not be able to do an article for us, but I would like
to have another try at you, because I am not sure I made myself com-
pletely clear in our previous correspondence.

I would not wish you to advocate Italian education as against
American education. As a matter of fact, you would be more that welcome
to criticize Italian education and to compare it unfavorably with American
education, if you so desire, or you could do an article confined entirely
to Italian education. Again, if you should agree, it would be very
interesting to have an article by a distinguished Italian giving his
views on American education. In short, I did not mean to be at all
restrictive.

I quite agree that tolerance and the education in tolerance
may be one of the chief problems of our time, and if you should wish
to work the appropriate passages from your talk into an article of this
kind, it would be very helpful indeed.

I do hope you will find it possible to write for us, but we
would have to have your article by March 1. Could you let me hear from
you about this please?

As it happens, I am spending a great deal of time in New York.
Should you have time when you pass through here, I would welcome an
opportunity to meet you personally. My telephone number at the office
is Judson 2-2300, and at home Templeton 1-0302.

Kind regards.

December 31, 1956

Mr. Stephen R. Graubard
67 Rue des Saints-Pères
Paris 6, FRANCE

Dear Steve:

Thank you for your various letters about the next topics. My experience with these topics is that the best thing to do is to solicit a few articles, and they than afford a different point of departure. Judging from the reactions over here, I still think that a series of articles by visitors to the Soviet Union, the satellites and China would be extremely interesting. What we would ask from them is not a journalistic account, but an analytical piece in retrospect about their reactions in the light of recent developments. I therefore feel very strongly that we should proceed with getting Domenach to do a piece, and through him ask a number of others of various groups in France and Italy.

As for the topic on the changed nature of international relations, I do not quarrel with Eric Weil's definition, although I think it may be too restrictive. Still, why don't you go ahead and solicit a few articles. The best procedure, on the basis of my experience, is to get people committed, and then let me know and I will follow it up with a letter from here. I have Denis Healey signed up for the article on the changed nature of international relations. Above all, I think we should get commitments out of some people, and then to make it formal I will follow up with a letter. Do let me know what you can accomplish.

My book is making good progress, although it is a close race between my sanity and the end of it. Still, no matter what happens, I shall keep January 30 free. I can see that you have been away a long time if you think I can get tickets for "My Fair Lady." But I will try to get tickets for something. Of course, when you come you will stay with us. All of us, including Herbie, are looking forward to your return.

Could you send me John Conway's address? I should have written him a long time ago.

Best regards.

Dr. Siegfried Unseld
Eschersheimer Landstrasse 9h
Frankfurt/Main
Germany

January 2, 1957

My dear Unseld:

I am writing to you today to ask for your help in suggesting suitable contributors for two topics we are starting in Confluence.

The first topic deals with the changing nature of international relations in the last few years. It seems to me that for the past decade or so our policy has been influenced very much by the patterns of the cold war. Whether or not the cold war continues, it would seem that we have reached a crucial point and that it might be well to assess such things as the meaning of alliances, the posture to take toward the Soviet Union, our attitude toward colonialism, and the relation of these things to each other. It is clear that one article cannot deal with all these matters, but within the framework of the topic on "The Impact of the Cold War on our Thinking and the Changing Nature of Current International Relations" I think there should be scope for articles of interest. A good peg to hang this on might be the dilemmas which have been exposed by the crises in the satellite orbit and in the Middle East, and what they reveal about the nature of international relations at the present time.

The second topic I would like to start is a comparison of the impressions of various people from different countries who have visited the Soviet bloc, including the USSR, the satellites and China. I would be interested in their reactions to the developments they see there, the differences between the various countries, and what all this would indicate about future relations between the Soviet bloc and the rest of the world. Suitable contributors would be any thoughtful people who have visited the Soviet bloc countries in the last year or two.

We would be able to pay $100 for articles of between three and four thousand words, and would need them by March 15. I would much appreciate any suggestions you may have.

Do let me hear from you.

Kindest regards.

Mr. Juergen C. Weichert
Germanenstrasse 60
Bad Godesberg,
Germany

January 2, 1957

Dear Mr. Weichert:

- We would be able to pay $100 for articles of between three and four thousand words, and would need them by March 15. I would much appreciate any suggestions you may have.

Do let me hear from you.

Kindest regards.

January 2, 1957

Mr. David Riesman
Department of Sociology
The University of Chicago
1126 East 59 Street
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Mr. Riesman:

In the past your suggestions of possible contributors to *Confluence* have been so helpful that I am writing again to tell you about two new topics we are starting.

We would be able to pay $100 for articles of between three and four thousand words, and would need them by March 15. Any suggestions you may have for either of these topics would be very helpful.

Kind regards.

January 2, 1957

Mr. Thomas E. Murray
Atomic Energy Commission
1901 Constitution Avenue
Washington, D.C.

Dear Mr. Murray:

I am writing to inquire into the possibility of your
collaborating with Confluence, a review with which I believe you are
already familiar.

We are now planning a topic for which we would appreciate
a contribution from you. It deals with the changing nature of inter-
national relations in the last few years. It seems to me that for the
past decade or so our policy has been influenced very much by the patterns
of the cold war. Whether or not the cold war continues, it would seem
that we have reached a crucial point and that it might be well to assess
such things as the meaning of alliances, the posture to take toward the
Soviet Union, our attitude toward colonialism, and the relation of these
things to each other. It is clear that one article cannot deal with all
these matters, but within the framework of the topic on "The Impact of
the Cold War on our Thinking and the Changing Nature of Current Inter-
national Relations" I think there should be scope for articles of great
interest.

One of the major problems concerns the nature of war which
has changed from becoming a means to an end, and which has produced
the fear of self-destruction. I was wondering whether you might like
to do an article along the lines of your very persuasive address to the
Catholic Association for International Peace on November 30th.

We would be able to pay you $100 for an article of between
3000 and 5000 words, and would need to have it here by March 30. Do
let me know as soon as possible whether you can undertake this.

January 2, 1957

Mr. Michael Ayrton
Bradfields, Toppesfield
Nr. Halstead, Essex, ENGLAND

Dear Michael:

The second topic I would like to start is a comparison of the impressions of various people from different countries who have visited the Soviet bloc, including the USSR, the satellites and China. I would be interested in their reactions to the developments they see there, the differences between the various countries, and what all this would indicate about future relations between the Soviet bloc and the rest of the world. Suitable contributors would be any thoughtful people who have visited the Soviet bloc countries in the last year or two. I know there have been some Britishers who have been in China recently who might be helpful to us.

When are you going to come to New York?

Kindest regards.

January 2, 1957

Mr. Michael Davis
St. Mary's
Detillens Lane
Oxted, Surrey, ENGLAND

Dear Michael:

I am writing to you today about Confluence and to ask for
your help in suggesting suitable contributors for two topics we are
starting.

We would be able to pay $100 for articles of between three
and four thousand words. I would much appreciate any suggestions you
may have.

I hope you will forgive this rather short letter, but I seem
to be overwhelmed with things at present.

Kindest regards.

January 2, 1957

Mr. Marshall Shulman
16 Dunster Street

Dear Marshall:

I am writing to you today about Confluence and two topics we are considering for future issues.

For the first topic, we would very much like to have a con-
tribution from you. It deals with the changing nature of inter-
national relations in the last few years. It seems to me that for
the past decade or so our policy has been influenced very much by
the patterns of the cold war. Whether or not the cold war continues,
it would seem that we have reached a crucial point and that it might
be well to assess such things as the meaning of alliances, the posture
to take toward the Soviet Union, our attitude toward colonialism,
and the relation of these things to each other. It is clear that one
article cannot deal with all these matters, but within the framework
of the topic on "The Impact of the Cold War on our Thinking and the
Changing Nature of Current International Relations" there should be
scope for articles of interest. I would be particularly interested
to see something from you on alliance policy.

For the second topic we have in mind, I would be grateful if
you could suggest possible contributors. This topic is a comparison
of the impressions of various people from different countries who
have visited the Soviet bloc, including the USSR, the satellites and
China. I would be interested in their reactions to the developments
they see there, the differences between the various countries, and
what all this would indicate about future relations between the
Soviet bloc and the rest of the world. Suitable contributors would
be any thoughtful people who have visited the Soviet bloc countries
in the last year or two. Whom would you suggest?

Do let me hear from you.

Kindest regards.

January 2, 1957

Mr. Ernesto de Marchi
Valbrona, Como
Italy

Dear Mr. de Marchi:

I am writing to you today to tell you about two new topics we are considering for *Confluence*, and to ask your advice about possible contributors.

The first topic deals with the changing nature of international relations in the last few years. It seems to me that for the past decade or so our policy has been influenced very much by the patterns of the cold war. Whether or not the cold war continues, it would seem that we have reached a crucial point and that it might be well to assess such things as the meaning of alliances, the posture to take toward the Soviet Union, our attitude toward colonialism, and the relation of these things to each other. It is clear that one article cannot deal with all these matters, but within the framework of the topic on "The Impact of the Cold War on our Thinking and the Changing Nature of Current International Relations" there should be scope for articles of interest.

Do let me know if you have any suitable contributors to suggest.

Kind regards.

January 2, 1957

Mr. Frederick Barghoorn
Department of Political Science
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Dear Mr. Barghoorn:

I seem to be writing to you on different stationery every few
weeks, although the subject happily remains fairly unvarying.

I am writing you today about Confluence, a review I have been
editing for several years. It is a review designed to give European,
Asian and American thinkers an opportunity to exchange views on con-
temporary problems. Although our circulation is not enormous, the
impact of the magazine abroad is considerable, and a large number of
our articles have been reprinted and commented upon editorially in
leading newspapers in Europe and Asia.

To: We are now considering a topic on which I would very much like to have a contribution from you. The topic which I would like to start is a comparison of the impressions of various people from different countries who have visited the Soviet bloc, including the USSR, the satellites and China. I would be interested in their reactions to the developments they see there, the differences between the various countries, and what all this would indicate about future relations between the Soviet bloc and the rest of the world.

Some adaptation or expansion of your paper for the Rockefeller
Brothers Fund, or some ideas along that line would be fascinating,
particularly concerning the relationship between Soviet domestic and
foreign trends.

Perhaps you would be good enough to let me know whether you will
undertake this. We would need an article of between three and four
thousand words by March 20, and could pay you $100 for it.

Do let me hear from you.

January 2, 1957

Mr. Martin E. Malia
Eliot F-21

Dear Mr. Malia:

I do not know whether you remember our meeting a few years
ago, and I have since devoted my time between New York and Cambridge
so that I have never had the pleasure of renewing our acquaintance.

I am writing you today about a topic for Confluence which,
as you know, Stephen Graubard is editing with me. The topic I would
like to start is a comparison of the impressions of various people
from different countries who have visited the Soviet bloc, including
the USSR, the satellites and China. I would be interested in their
reactions to the developments they see there, the differences between
the various countries, and what all this would indicate about future
relations between the Soviet bloc and the rest of the world.

I have heard so many interesting remarks about your visit to
Russia, that I would be fascinated to get an article from you,
particularly about your impressions regarding developments within
the intellectual groups in the Soviet Union.

I would appreciate knowing whether you can undertake this.
We would need an article of between three and four thousand words
by March 20, and could pay you $100 for it.

Do let me hear from you.

January 2, 1957

Mr. Merle Fainsod
Littauer M-18

Dear Mr. Fainsod:

I seem to be writing to you on different stationery every
other week, but always about the same thing.

I am writing you now about an issue of Confluence to which
I hope very much I might induce you to make a contribution. The topic
which I would like to start is a comparison of the impressions of
various people from different countries who have visited the Soviet
bloc, including the USSR, the satellites and China. I would be
interested in their reactions to the developments they see there,
the differences between the various countries, and what all this
would indicate about future relations between the Soviet bloc and
the rest of the world.

It seems to me that some adaptation of your diary would be
an extraordinarily interesting article, or indeed, anything else
that you would like to write. Some expansion of your remarks to
the Rockefeller group would seem to me an appropriate topic.

If you can do this, we would like your article by March 15,
and we could pay you $100 for a piece of between three and four
thousand words.

Kind regards.

January 2, 1957

Mr. W.W. Rostow
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge 39, Mass.

Dear Walt:

It seems that whenever I organize anything, you are one of
the first persons I think of. I am now planning a topic for Confluence
on which I would very much like a contribution from you, and one,
moreover, which I think you can easily do without taking too much
time off from more pressing concerns.

We are going to devote an issue of Confluence to the changed
nature of international relations in the present period. It is evident,
as you and Max have so often pointed out, that the essentially reactive
and military aspect of policy is receding into the background, and
whether or not the cold war continues, we will have to reassess such
things as the meaning of alliances, the posture to take towards the
Soviet Union, our attitude towards the newly independent nations, and
the relation of these things to each other. It is clear that one
article cannot deal with all these matters, but within the framework
of the topic on "The Impact of the Cold War on our Thinking and the
Changing Nature of Current International Relations" there should be
scope for several different points of emphasis.

What I had thought you might do is an application of your
paper on the national interest to some of the problems mentioned above.
Perhaps an adaptation of your War College speech in the light of
events in Suez and Hungary, or the degree to which our reactions to
these contingencies illustrate our attitude towards the national
interest.

Do let me hear whether this is possible. We could pay
you $150 for an article of between three and five thousand words,
and would like to have it here by March 20.

Kind regards.

January 2, 1957

Mr. John Brown Mason
Georgetown University
Washington 7, D.C.

Dear Mr. Mason:

I am writing to inquire into the possibility of your collaborating with *Confluence*, a quarterly designed to give European, Asian and American intellectuals an opportunity to exchange views on contemporary problems in politics, philosophy and the humanities. In present times it has seemed to us particularly important to have a review which comprises as many different approaches and points of view as possible without editorializing. Each issue is therefore in the form of a symposium on which our contributors are asked to express themselves. I am enclosing a copy of a recent issue.

We are now planning a topic on which we would appreciate your contribution. It deals with the changing nature of international relations in the last few years. It seems to me that for the past decade or so our policy has been influenced very much by the patterns of the cold war. Whether or not the cold war continues, it would seem that we have reached a crucial point and that it might be well to assess such things as the meaning of alliances, the posture to take toward the Soviet Union, our attitude toward colonialism, and the relation of these things to each other. It is clear that one article cannot deal with all these matters, but within the framework of the topic on "The Impact of the Cold War on our Thinking and the Changing Nature of Current International Relations" I would hope that you might find something of interest. A good peg to hang it on might be the dilemmas which have been exposed by the crises in the satellite orbit and in the Middle East, and what they reveal about the nature of international relations at the present time.

January 3, 1957

Professor Arthur Smithies
Littauer 230

Dear Mr. Smithies:

I seem to be writing to you about the same thing, but
on different stationery. I am writing today about a topic
we are considering for Confluence, and I would very much like
to get a contribution from you.

This topic deals with the changing nature of international
relations in the last few years. It seems to me that for the past
decade or so our policy has been influenced very much by the pat-
terns of the cold war. Whether or not the cold war continues, it
would seem that we have reached a crucial point and that it might
be well to assess such things as the meaning of alliances, the
posture to take toward the Soviet Union, our attitude toward
colonialism, and the relation of these things to each other. It
is clear that one article cannot deal with all these matters, but
within the framework of the topic on "The Impact of the Cold War
on our Thinking and the Changing nature of Current International
Relations" I would hope that you might find something of interest.
I thought you might be interested in doing a piece about some of
the problems of conducting foreign policy, along the lines of
your observations at the meeting the other day, -- the fitness
of our domestic structure for producing foreign policy decisions.

I do hope you will be able to write for us. We would be
able to pay you $100 for an article of between 3000 and 5000 words,
and would need to have it here by March 15.

Do let me know about this.

HENRY A. KISSINGER, Editor

WILLIAM Y. ELLIOTT, Director

January 3, 1957

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

The following people have been written to for articles on the new topics:

Raymond Aron - has replied with a "weak" yes

Frederick Barghoorn

J.M. Domenach

Merle Fainsod

William Fox - has since turned us down

Healey - yes

Martin Malia

John Brown Mason

Hans Morgenthau - yes

Thomas E. Murray

Joseph E. Harsch

Paul Nitze

W.W. Rostow

Marshall Shulman

Arthur Smithies

Strausz-Hupe

E.W.F. Tomlin

Herbert von Borch

The following were asked for suggestions of contributors (some of these were also asked for articles):

Riesman      Desai      Shulman
Sherwani    Weichert
de Marchi   Unseld
Ayrton      von Borch
Davis       Aron
Brioschi    Domenach

Enclosed is the letter from Arthur Schlesinger - since he wrote I told him about the Soviet bloc topic, but he hasn't replied yet. He says he has written to Mrs. Harrison.

Paul de Man came into the office today - just off the boat. He is back until June 2023 anyway. Mizuki also came in and sent you best wishes.

Also enclosed is a card from some people who want you to review something for their publication, and a letter from a Mr. Wang about your "book on 'Reflections on American Diplomacy.'"

Kimi comes back on Wednesday, and Ginny can take care of the office all right on Monday and Tuesday, - she's doing very well.

Regards,

January 3, 1957

Mr. Herbert von Borch
1938 35th Street N.W.
Washington 7, D.C.

Dear Mr. Von Borch:

I am writing to you today from Harvard with respect to Confluence, with which I think you are already familiar. We are at present considering two new topics for our publication and would appreciate your assistance.

For the first topic, we would very much like to have a contribution from you. It deals with the changing nature of international relations in the last few years. It seems to me that for the past decade or so our policy has been influenced very much by the patterns of the cold war. Whether or not the cold war continues, it would seem that we have reached a crucial point and that it might be well to assess such things as the meaning of alliances, the posture to take toward the Soviet Union, our attitude toward colonialism, and the relation of these things to each other. It is clear that one article cannot deal with all these matters, but within the framework of the topic on "The Impact of the Cold War on our Thinking and the Changing Nature of Current International Relations" I would hope that you might find something of interest. A good peg to hang it on might be the dilemmas which have been exposed by the crises in the satellite orbit and in the Middle East, and what they reveal about the nature of international relations at the present time.

I do hope you will be able to write for us. We would be able to pay you $100 for an article of between 3000 and 5000 words, and would need to have it here by March 30. Perhaps you would let me know about this.

I would also appreciate it if you would let me know your suggestions for possible contributors from Germany for another topic we are considering. This topic is a comparison of the impressions of various people from different countries who have visited the Soviet bloc, including the USSR, the satellites and China. I would be interested in their reactions to the developments they see there, the differences between the various countries, and what all this would indicate about future relations between the Soviet bloc and the rest of the world. Suitable contributors would be any thoughtful people who have

January 16, 1957

Mr. F.G. Friedmann
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, Arkansas

Dear Mr. Friedmann:

Thank you for your letter of December 27th concerning the off prints of your article in *Confluence*. We have run into some difficulty about them, and wanted to ask you what you wanted to have done.

In the first place, you would have to get reprints and not off prints (the latter can be run off only at time of printing), which are more expensive. I am enclosing a sheet giving the prices.

Second, the University Press will not be able to get them run off for three or four weeks. Apparently this is their busiest season and they have a large backlog of work. We have placed an order for 50 reprints, but in the event that you do not want it to go through, you would have to let us know immediately so that we could cancel it.

You might like to know, too, that we do not hold print on the magazine for more than a year or so, and therefore if you think you will want additional reprints, you should order them relatively soon.

I look forward to hearing from you about this, and I am sorry for the inconvenience I am sure it is causing you.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

OFFICE OF THE DEAN

5 UNIVERSITY HALL
CAMBRIDGE 38, MASSACHUSETTS

January 21, 1957

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Rockefeller Brothers Fund
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York 20, New York

Dear Henry:

Of course you may circulate my article on Wilson to anyone
you please; I am delighted that it seems useful to you.

I am also very glad to hear that my skeptical worries about all
your distinguished company are at least partly unfounded, and I am
not at all surprised to hear that any panel chaired by Jim Killian
is a good one.

I look forward eagerly to seeing your manuscript on nuclear
weapons.

January 9, 1957

Dear Mac:

I wrote you only yesterday about more mundane matters.
This is to ask you whether you would mind my circulating a copy
of your article on Wilson to the Subpanel chaired by John Dickey
which deals with problems of leadership in a democracy,
particularly in the field of foreign policy. It seems to me that
your article is particularly helpful for that, and it would receive
no wider circulation than the membership of our panel.

You asked the other day about the utility of so much high-
priced talent. In general, I agree with you that there is usually
an inverse relationship between wisdom and numbers. Some of
our panels are working extremely well however, particularly the
one chaired by Killian on educational policy, which is the best
panel of any kind that I've ever sat on. As for the others, I think
we have a mechanism to push them deeper than they may be pre-
pared to go.

Believe it, or not, in all this hurly-burly, I have managed
to finish 700 pages of my manuscript on nuclear weapons and I am
within a chapter of finishing the book. This means that within a
little while, the Council will undoubtedly try to inflict it on you
as a member of our Study Group. Whatever the formal niceties of
Council procedure, I should dearly love to have your comments.

With kind regards,

Mr. McGeorge Bundy
Dean, Faculty of Arts and Sciences
Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

December 14, 1956

Dear Mac:

Simply a note to tell you how very well I thought
of your revised article. Because of the very great pressure
of time, I have exercised a few editorial prerogatives which
I hope will not strain our relationship too much. Actually,
all I did was to tighten up a few sentences and to add a
clause to one which I thought clarified its meaning. If you
disagree, simply remove my changes from the proof. I
thought it an extremely stimulating article, however, one
of the few that one can reread and think better of it the
second time.

I thought you might like to see the panel list for
the various activities here we have finally assembled. All
of us were very sorry that you could not attend although I
know how busy you must be with fund raising.

Best regards,

Enclosure

January 22, 1956

Mr. Robert M. Hutchins, President
The Fund for the Republic
60 East 42nd Street
New York 17, New York

Dear Mr. Hutchins:

I am writing to inquire into the possibility of gaining the support
of The Fund for the Republic for Confluence and for the Harvard International
Seminar.

Confluence is a quarterly review designed to give European, Asian and American thinkers an opportunity to exchange views on contemporary problems. In present times, it has seemed to us particularly important to have a review which comprises as many different approaches and points of view as possible without editorializing. Each issue is therefore in the form of a symposium on which our contributors are asked to express themselves. Although the circulation of Confluence is relatively small, its impact has been, I believe, considerable. We have managed to tie into our efforts many of the leading literary and political figures. And, as far as I know, we are the only journal which has cut across the narrow specialization and sectarianism which characterizes so much of our cultural life. The rate of reprints has also been considerable and leading newspapers such as the London Times, News Chronicle, Die Neue Zeitung and the leading Danish newspaper have devoted editorials and in many cases whole pages to discussing us. Just recently the Belgian daily, Journal de Charleroi, devoted a front-page editorial to a review of the June issue of Confluence. But I think the best indication of our reception can be found in the extracts from the unsolicited letters which I am enclosing with this letter.

As for the Harvard International Seminar, it originated in the
belief that existing exchange programs failed to provide an opportunity to
a group on the verge of reaching positions of leadership in their countries.
We thought particularly of the generation which matured during the war and
witnessed the despair and destruction of its aftermath. Too old for existing
student exchange programs, too active to leave their countries for extended
periods, these men and women have felt isolated and, too often, have sought
refuge in a narrow nationalism. It was our belief that a meeting of the
most promising representatives of this group in an atmosphere of tolerance,
created by a privately sponsored program would go far to promote a better
appreciation of common problems and of America's deeper values.

Mr. Robert M. Hutchins

- 2 -

January 22, 1957

We therefore invited each year about forty individuals equally divided between Europe and Asia, together with a few outstanding young Americans. They have included a number of editors, legislators, government officials and labor leaders, as well as representatives from literary, academic and artistic circles. You will find a list of participants of previous years in Appendix H of the enclosed report. We have made no effort to "propagandize" our participants, and this may have been the major cause for our success. Instead, we have exhibited the United States in all its plurality, inviting representative speakers from all walks of American life, including Harold Stassen, Felix Frankfurter, Thornton Wilder, Philip Reed, Robert Moses, Joshua Logan, Robert Bowie, Joseph Johnson and McGeorge Bundy. Every speaker has been invited to an informal lunch with the group, and has been available for questioning after his talk, so that insofar as possible we have tried to avoid any impression of condescension and preaching -- the bane of so many efforts at international understanding.

I will not say that our participants arrived disliking the United States and left as enthusiastic supporters; the change has been more subtle. Even those who left with some misgivings nevertheless were convinced that the stereotypes of their nationalist press were false. Since they have the media of communication of their countries at their disposal, their impact has been considerable. One Indian Government official broadcast an account of his impressions of the Seminar over All-India Radio. Another participant has written a small book about his experiences in the United States. Many of this year's participants are also writing newspaper articles about their impressions of this country, and are giving lectures and informal talks. At the same time, all the participants have acquired a greater awareness of the problems of other countries, and one of the most useful results of our Seminar has been the cultural exchange which has been started among the participating countries, for the participants are now writing for journals in the other countries, keeping each other informed about academic, political and cultural events.

We have felt very strongly that although the central focus of the Seminar is upon the United States, this emphasis is by no means the limit of the range of our purpose. The experience of forty participants from nineteen different countries, who live together in an informal atmosphere separated from their day to day concerns is perhaps one of the most important accomplishments of the Seminar. I think the best testimony to the effectiveness of what we have been doing is not anything I could say, but is in the letters which we receive throughout the years from former participants, some of which are included in the enclosed report, Appendix A.

Our 1956 session was well up to the levels of previous years, and the group was one of the best we have had. One of the most significant results of the Seminar has been the plan of our Indian participants to organize a congress of former Asian Seminar members to be held in New Delhi next year, and we are working on this at the present time. Our Seminar members have also formed the Harvard International Seminar Association among former participants. Through this Association they keep in touch with each other, help each other during visits to foreign countries, and assist us in selecting the participants for future years.

Mr. Robert M. Hutchins

- 3 -

January 22, 1957

The total budget for the two efforts is about $90,000 a year. While we have received several long term grants from other foundations, they have been given on the basis of a sliding scale. The net result has been that, despite the fact that Harvard contributes close to 10% of our budget, each year we have to raise additional funds simply to break even, and that we have never been able to exploit the by-products of either *Confluence* or the Seminar. The sliding scales of the foundations have reached a point now where, unless we can find additional support this year, we must seriously reduce our operations.

I am enclosing a report about the 1956 Seminar, and I should particularly like to call your attention to Appendix A which includes comments by Seminar members, and Appendix B which includes comments by a few of our guest speakers.

I would, of course, be glad to make any other material available to you if you should think it useful.

January 23, 1957

Mr. William T. Grant
Chairman of the Board
The Grant Foundation, Inc.
130 East 59th Street
New York 22, New York

Dear Mr. Grant:

I am writing to inquire into the possibility of obtaining the
support of The Grant Foundation for Confluence and for the Harvard Inter-
national Seminar.

Mr. William T. Grant

- 2 -

January 23, 1957

We therefore invited each year about forty individuals equally divided between Europe and Asia, together with a few outstanding young Americans. They have included a number of editors, legislators, government officials and labor leaders, as well as representatives from literary, academic and artistic circles. You will find a list of participants of previous years in Appendix H of the enclosed report. We have made no effort to "propagandize" our participants, and this may have been the major cause for our success. Instead, we have exhibited the United States in all its plurality, inviting representative speakers from all walks of American life, including Harold Stassen, Felix Frankfurter, Thornton Wilder, Philip Reed, Robert Moses, Joshua Logan, Robert Bowie, Joseph Johnson and McGeorge Bundy. Every speaker has been invited to an informal lunch with the group, and has been available for questioning after his talk, so that insofar as possible we have tried to avoid any impression of condescension and preaching — the bane of so many efforts at international understanding.

We have felt very strongly that although the central focus of the Seminar is upon the United States, this emphasis is by no means the limit of the range of our purpose. The experience of forty participants from nineteen different countries, who live together in an informal atmosphere separated from their day to day concerns is perhaps one of the most important accomplishments of the Seminar. I think the best testimony to the effectiveness of what we have been doing is not anything I could say, but is in the letters which we have received throughout the years from former participants, some of which are included in the enclosed report, Appendix A.

Our 1956 session was well up to the levels of previous years, and the group was one of the best we have had. One of the most significant results of the Seminar has been the plan of our Indian participants to organize a congress of former Asian Seminar members to be held in New Delhi next year, and we are working on this at the present time. Our Seminar members have also formed the Harvard International Seminar Association among former members. Through this Association they keep in touch with each other, help each other during visits to foreign countries, and assist us in selecting the participants for future years.

Mr. William T. Grant

- 3 -

January 23, 1957

The total budget for the two efforts is about $90,000 a year. While we have received several long term grants from other foundations, they have been given on the basis of a sliding scale. The net result has been that, despite the fact that Harvard contributes close to 10% of our budget, each year we have to raise additional funds simply to break even, and that we have never been able to exploit the by-products of either Confluence or the Seminar. The sliding scales of the foundations have reached a point now where, unless we can find additional support this year, we must seriously reduce our operations.

I would, of course, be glad to make any other material available to you if you should think it useful, or to come to New York to discuss it with you.

Henry V. Krautinger

Sincerely yours,

if with you.

to you if you should think it necessary, or to come to New York to see

I would, of course, be glad to make any other material available
to you of our great brothers.

commence at Seminar mempha, and Abendgix B which includes commens a
baptisterially file to call you attention to Abendgix A which includes
I am enclosing a report about the 1926 Seminar, and I should
regard our operations.

where, unless we can find additional subords this year, we must seriously
Seminar. The striking scores of the foundations have reached a point now
never been able to exploit the pa-produce of either Confluence or the
year we have to raise additional funds rapidly to break even, and that we have
gotake the fact that Harvard contributes close to 10% of our budget, each
dollars given on the plate of a striking scale. The net result has been that,
we have received several long term grants from other foundations, which have
The total budget for the two efforts is about $20,000 a year. While

Mr. William T. Grunz

- 3 -

January 53, 1923

January 31, 1957

Mr. Qutubuddin Aziz, Editor
The United Press of Pakistan
Victoria Chambers
Victoria Road
Karachi, Pakistan

Dear Mr. Aziz:

I am writing to you at the suggestion of Mr. Latif Sherwani to
inquire into the possibility of writing an article for Confluence, a
quarterly designed to give European, Asian and American intellectuals an
opportunity to exchange views on contemporary problems in politics, philo-
sophy and the humanities. In present times it has seemed to us particularly
important to have a review which comprises as many different approaches and
points of view as possible without editorializing. Each issue is therefore
in the form of a symposium on which our contributors are asked to express
themselves. I am enclosing a copy of a recent issue.

The topic which we are currently planning and on which we would
very much like to have an article from you deals with a comparison of the
impressions of various people from different countries who have visited the
Soviet bloc, including the USSR, the satellites and China, in the recent
past. We would be interested in their reactions to the developments they
see there, the differences between the various countries, and what all this
would indicate about future relations between the Soviet bloc and the rest
of the world. Since you have so recently been in China, we would be parti-
cularly interested in your reactions to the developments you saw there and
the implications of those developments for international relations. You
would, of course, be free to deal with any aspect of the general problem
that you wish.

We would need to have an article of between three and four
thousand words in length, and would like to have it by April 15th. We
would be in a position to pay you $100 for your effort.

I know how busy you must be, but I hope very much that you will
be able to write something for us. I will look forward to hearing from
you.