Secretary
Joan Blanchard

Sincerely yours,

that time.

bring your letter to his attention at
the office in mid-November and I will
He is expected to return to

2th.

to acknowledge your letter of October
I am taking the liberty of writing
In Professor Kieeinger's absence

Dear Professor Dilemanowski:

Boston, Massachusetts

Boston University

European History

Professor of Russian & East

Professor M.K. Dziewonski

October 7, 1962

BOSTON UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS

BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02215

Oct. 5, 1965

Department of History
236 Bay State Road

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Ave.
Cambridge, Mass.

Dear Professor Kissinger:

During my visit at the Center of Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, I met a young political scientist, Professor Janusz Zawodny, who impressed me as a first class scholarly mind. He combines a training in political science and psychology and is interested i.a. in matters of strategy and use of violence in politics.

I am taking the liberty of drawing your attention on his record and achievements. He is now completing a book on the Warsaw uprising of 1944. Enclosed is his curriculum vitae. May I take this opportunity to congratulate you on your new excellent book which I read with great profit.

With best regards,

M. K. Dziewanowski
Professor of Russian & East European
History, Boston University
Associate, Russian Research Center,
Harvard University

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

ROBERT R. BOWIE, Director
HOLLIS B. CHENERY
SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON
ALEX INKELES
HENRY A. KISSINGER
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING
RAYMOND VERNON

6 DIVINITY AVENUE
CAMBRIDGE
MASSACHUSETTS 02138

To: Henry Kissinger
From: Morton Halperin
Date: December 10, 1965
Re: J. K. Zawodny

I was not particularly impressed with Zawodny when he gave a talk here at the Center a few years back. I have not read any of his stuff, but if he becomes a serious candidate I would be glad to take a look at some of it. If he does want to work on "Politics of Violence in Urban Insurgency," this would appear to fit within the project that Tom is getting started.

MHH/am

cc: Thomas Schelling

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

DEC 9 - 1965

December 8, 1965

From: T. C. Schelling

To: H. A. Kissinger
M. H. Halperin

We met Zawodny a few years ago, didn't we, at lunch? If
I get some money for the study of violence perhaps I should consider him.
Otherwise, as we budget the "strategy" field for next year, let's
keep him in mind as a possibility. I assume, Henry, that you are not
promoting him very hard?

TCS:ac

OCT 17 1966

UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA

FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Room 102 - 133 South 36th Street

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19104

EVERGREEN 2-0685

ROBERT STRAUSZ-HUPE, Director

October 13, 1966

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Dear Henry:

For the past several years Dr. Jay Zawodny has been a professor at Penn as well as an associate of this Institute. He is an excellent scholar and a very sensitive and well-motivated human being.

Jay received his first baptism under fire as an officer in the Polish underground in the 1944 Warsaw uprisings. Subsequently, he served with the Polish forces in the Italian campaign. His extensive and varied academic background is briefly stated on the college data sheet, which is enclosed.

In December of this year the Chandler Publishing Company will publish a distinguished work of Zawodny's entitled, *Man and International Relations*. This is the fruit of many years labor. The attached brochure will convey to you the range of his inquiry. Jay spent the academic year of 1964-65 in London gathering all the available material on the Warsaw uprising. He would now like to have an opportunity to write an analytical history of this unique and important tragedy. Enclosed you will find a copy of a memo which he addressed to me on October 5, setting forth his proposal. Jay is the type of scholar who works best in an environment in which he is free from other responsibilities. I am writing to inquire whether your Center might provide him with a two year fellowship in order to enable him to produce a significant and valuable book.

Fritz Kraemer is going to give a speech in Philadelphia on Saturday and I look forward to seeing him. Could you send

Professor Kintner

October 5, 1966

TO: Professors Strausz-Hupe and Kintner

FROM: J. K. Zawodny

RE: Your advice is needed: Where should I apply for one year (two years) fellowship to write the study described below?

## Scope

This is a case study of urban insurgency. I should like to tell the story of a city which rebelled, fought for 63 days, and died like a medieval fortress, burying under its ruins more than a quarter of a million of its inhabitants. The time was the autumn of 1944, and the town was Warsaw. (This should not be mistaken for the fighting in the Warsaw Ghetto, which took place in 1943.)

After more than 300,000 people were killed and nine-tenths of the buildings destroyed, the city capitulated and the remaining population was marched from the city and dispersed. Warsaw was then systematically mined and destroyed by German engineers. Two months later, in January 1945, the Soviet Army entered the ruins.

The uprising was a calculated political venture on the part of the Polish leadership. In the late summer of 1944, Soviet armies were pushing the Germans across the eastern lands of Poland. With them was a Communist-affiliated Polish "Government," ready to assume control of the country. The Polish "Government-in-Exile" in London believed it vital to claim the liberation of Warsaw by its own forces, the Underground. Importance was attached to this city because of its symbolic political value. The population was caught between a struggle of the two political elites.

There has been no scholarly and dispassionate treatment of this event written.

The research for the study has been practically completed.

## The Purpose

It is the purpose of this study, not only to tell the story, but also to assess dispassionately the following points and to draw policy-oriented generalizations from them:

1) What was the structure of command and allocation of responsibilities?

2) Who really made the decision to begin the Uprising of Warsaw? (There has been controversy about this.)

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[LC]

3) How was this decision conveyed to the rank-and-file? How were the decisions implemented?

4) Who manipulated whom? How?

5) How were unity of purpose and loyalties maintained?

The Underground soldiers who initiated the uprising were a society within a society. On some levels of the hierarchy, private and public interests were conveniently merged, producing a mixture of Robin Hood and Jesse James, in the role of the Underground leader.

Some curious phenomena were observed in the fluctuation of membership in the forces before and during the fighting. Its ebb and flow had no relation to the prospects of success. What were the reasons, then, for the ebb and flow? These and other questions would be explored in a study of the data.

## The State of Research

Research concerning the Uprising of Warsaw has been almost completed (several persons in Washington remain to be interviewed). Specifically, the following tasks have been accomplished:

1) Pertinent sources in the Hoover Library and the Library of Congress have been surveyed.

2) The academic year 1964-65 was spent in London studying the Archives of the Polish General Staff and of the Historical Institute of the Polish Underground Movement. These and all other available sources of data of the Polish Government-in-Exile have been searched exhaustively.

3) About seventy interviews in depth have been gathered. The interviewees were leaders of the Polish Underground Movement of the Warsaw Uprising. Also, some of the contemporary Polish political figures were interviewed.

4) Books, articles, and many materials pertinent to the Uprising have been brought out of Poland and are in the possession of the writer.

5) In February, 1960, information gathered under the auspices of the United States Army Parabell Project, dealing in part with the Polish Underground during World War II, were acquired for this study.

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[Lc]

6) A comprehensive bibliography in Polish, Russian, German, and English on the Uprising and the Polish Underground Movements and other underground movements has been assembled.

7) A contract for publication of the intended work has already been signed with the Princeton University Press.

## Personal Qualifications

The qualifications of the applicant to pursue this study can be divided into two categories: 1) The writer was a member of the Polish Underground Movement, had knowledge of its operation, and he participated in the Uprising of Warsaw; 2) He has been trained as a social scientist in the United States.

May I make a personal comment here? Although born in Poland, I do not consider myself a political exile. I am an American citizen, married to an American woman. My fight is over. Yet, the story deserves telling, and I was there as a participant. I believe my training as a social scientist will permit a sufficiently impartial look at the Uprising of Warsaw as a social and political phenomenon. I think that I can submit evidence of my emotional detachment by referring to my book, *Death in the Forest: The Study of the Katyn Forest Massacre*, which was named by the *American Scholar* (Winter, 1962) as one of the outstanding books of 1962 from the university presses.

## Questions Addressed to Professors Strausz-Hupe and Kintner

Which of these organizations in your opinion would be interested to have me at its promises for one or two years to write this book?

1. Center for International Affairs, Harvard.

2. Institute of Strategic Studies, London

3. Center for International Studies, MIT

4. Any other suggestions?

5. Who in the above organizations would have personal interest in this type of study and how should I approach them?

DATA SHEET

Professor J. K. Zawodny
Department of Political Science
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pa. 19104

PERSONAL DATA

Born: December 11, 1921, Warsaw, Poland; American Citizen; Wife: Lorraine, born Iowa; Military Service: Underground Forces in Poland, 1940-44, British 8th Army, 1945-48.

EDUCATION

United States

Stanford University Ph.D. 1955 Political Science (International Rel.)
State University of Iowa M.A. 1951 International Rel.
State University of Iowa B.S. 1950

Foreign

London School of Foreign Trade Diploma 1947-48 Economics
University of Rome 1945-46 Law
University of Warsaw 1943-44 Sociology of Law

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Professor, Department of Political Science (International Relations), Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (Associate Professor, 1962-63), 1965-

Professor, Department of Political Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 1963-65 (1964-65 spent in Europe - research)

Instructor and Assistant Professor, Department of Politics, Princeton University, 1955-58

(Visiting Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, San Francisco State College, 1960-61)

HONORS AND FELLOWSHIPS

Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, 1961-62

Ford Foundation International Relations Faculty Training Fellowship, 1958-59, Stanford University. Study of psychological causes of the application of violence in problem solving

University of Pennsylvania Faculty Research Grant, 1966

Princeton Faculty Research Grant, 1957

Ford Faculty Fellow, Seminar on the Teaching of International Relations, Summer, 1956

Pre-doctoral Research Fellow, Social Science Research Council, 1953-54

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PUBLICATIONS

Books

*Man and International Relations: Contributions of the Social Sciences to the Study of Conflict and Integration*, Vol. I - pp. 1024 (Conflict), Vol. II - pp. 1280 (Integration).
San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Company, 1966.

*Guide to the Study of International Relations*, San Francisco, California: Chandler Publishing Company, 1966, pp. 151.

Kissinger, Henry A. (ed.) *Problems of National Strategy*, Compiled under the auspices of the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. New York, Washington, London: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965, pp. 477. A chapter contributed.

*Death in the Forest: The Story of the Katyn Forest Massacre*, Notre Dame, Indiana: The University of Notre Dame Press, 1962, pp. 235. Japanese translation, Tokyo, 1963, pp. 206.

"Unconventional Warfare," Editor and Contributor, *The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science*, Philadelphia: The American Academy of Political and Social Science, May, 1962, Vol. CCCXLI, pp. 180.

Collaborated on *Satellite Generals: A Study of Military Elites in the Soviet Sphere*, by Ithiel de Sola Pool, et al. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1955, pp. 165.

Articles (only scholarly journals cited)

"Civil War" in *International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences*.
Accepted for publication -- to appear in 1967.

"Soviet Partisans," *Soviet Studies* (University of Glasgow), Vol. 17, no. 3 (January 1966), pp. 368-377.

"The Polish Response to the Kennedy Assassination," *The Polish Review*, X, no. 1 (Winter 1965), pp. 43-52.

"Katyn Forest Massacre: Morals in American Foreign Policy," *The Minnesota Review*, III, no. 2 (Winter 1963), pp. 225-236.

"The Grievances and Sources of Tension During Stalin's Regime as Reported by Soviet Industrial Workers," *Soviet Studies*. Glasgow University, XIV, no. 2 (October 1962), pp. 158-178.

-3-

"Unconventional Warfare," *American Scholar*, XXXI, no. 3 (Summer 1962), pp. 384-394. Japanese translation, Tokyo, 1962.

"Guerrillas and Sabotage: Organization, Operations, Motivations, and Escalation," *The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science*, CCCXLI (May 1962), pp. 8-18.

"Unexplored Realms of Underground Strife," *The American Behavioral Scientist*, Princeton, IV, no. 1 (September 1960), pp. 3-5.

"A New Type of Who's Who for a New Elite," *Political Research: Organization and Design*, Princeton, I, no. 2 (November 1957), pp. 21-22.

"Grievance Procedures in Soviet Factories," *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, Cornell University, X, no. 4 (July 1957), pp. 532-555.

"Behavioral Approach and the Study of International Relations," *Some Approaches and Concepts Used in the Teaching of International Politics*, (edited by Vernon Van Dyke, State University of Iowa Press, 1957), pp. 20-25.

## SCIENTIFIC PAPERS AND LECTURES DELIVERED

Radio Free Europe, Munich, May 1965

London School of Slavonic Studies, February 1965

Defense Research Corporation, California, September 1964

Headquarters, United States Army, John F. Kennedy Center for Special
Warfare, Fort Bragg, May, October 1963

Chairman, Panel on "Future of Political Science." Annual Meeting of
Political Science Association, New York, September 1963

Spring Joint Computer Conference, American Federation of Information
Processing Societies, San Francisco, May 1962

Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California,
February 1962

Stanford Research Institute, January 1962

M.I.T.-Harvard Joint Faculty Seminar on Arms Control, Harvard,
November 1961

Department of Psychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center, San Francisco,
September 1961

Annual Meeting of the Political Science Association, St. Louis,
September 1961

Department of Political Science, Northwestern University, August 1961

Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, July 1961

Princeton Center of International Studies, May 1961

## CONSULTANT

Several non-profit and academic institutions

Henry V. Klaasunder

Sincerely yours,

Beat redrds,

December 6. Is there any chance of seeing you then?

The first day that I expect to be in New York this fall is

will take immediate steps to see what can be done.

I will not be able to give you an answer for about a month, however, I
I have read some of Kowdy's writings and I think well of
Aeionum on a quick trip and an suspicious mission.

Your letter of October 13 reached my office while I was in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
123 South 36th Street
University of Pennsylvania
Foreign Policy Research Institute
Deputy Director
Mr. William R. Kinner.

Dear Bill:

October 28, 1968

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

ROBERT R. BOWIE, Director
HOLLIS B. CHENERY
SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON
ALEX INKELES
HENRY A. KISSINGER
SEYMOUR M. LIPSET
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING
RAYMOND VERNON

November 15, 1966

Dear Henry:

Zawodny's prospectus sounds good, and I guess he is a capable man. I couldn't help feeling, though, that if we give a Professor at Pennsylvania a two-year fellowship to come here and write his book, with no teaching, no committees, no administrative duties, Bill Kintner's Center ought to give a two-year fellowship for one of us to go there, with no teaching, etc. This is my eighth year at Harvard and I have had one semesemester of leave, financed by my own Center; I don't really see why we should provide Zawodny two years' leave at professor's pay when we don't do it for ourselves. I am beginning to think we get much more for our money with younger people like Susan Berger, George Quester, Bill Harris, especially when they get half their pay for teaching. All of this makes me reluctant to offer Zawodny a place in the Center, even though I would look forward eagerly to his book.

That is what I think. You didn't really tell me what you think.

TCS:ac

UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA

PHILADELPHIA 19104

Wharton School of
Finance and Commerce

November 22, 1966

TO: Professor William Kintner, Deputy Director of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania

FROM: J. K. Zawodny, Professor of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania

CONCERNING: Response to our telephone conversation in which you informed me that Dr. Kissinger conveyed the question, "Why has the Center at Harvard, rather than the Foreign Policy Research Institute, been approached to provide support for the writing of my study 'Warsaw Uprising: A Case Study of Urban Insurgency.'"

Here are the reasons:

1. I am a full professor with tenure at the Department of Political Science of the University of Pennsylvania where I teach International Relations. For the next few years, I am not eligible for sabbatical leave. However, such leave can be secured from the University if the money to support me is found.

2. It is my determined wish to keep this study from any direct involvement with a "client." I have been successful in this while doing and completing the research. This policy is simply mandatory in this case for many reasons.

3. I want to be outside of Philadelphia while writing. To me, writing a serious study is like love making; it has to have a setting. Being physically in Philadelphia, I could not detach myself sufficiently from the Departmental "fandango."

Thus, for the reasons mentioned above, I have not even approached the Foreign Policy Research Institute in this matter.

Yet, I need people who may share my interests and concern while I am writing, as well as the benefit of their informal views. Let me give you two examples of problems I will tackle: How in the world did a wounded underground fighter on the streets of Warsaw pick a sympathizer to assist him--and not a Gestapo agent? Why did the joining of street fighting by the civilian population have ebb and flow in the membership? Why did this ebb and flow have no relationship to the prospects of success? Some informal exchange of ideas with those interested would be mutually beneficial. I assumed the Center at Harvard might be interested.

-2-

It might be proper for Dr. Kissinger's benefit to clarify my
position vis-a-vis the Foreign Policy Research Institute. My relationship
with the Institute is based on sharing the view that the matters of
national security are proper concerns for the academic community. From
time to time, as a member of the Institute's advisory board, I review the
progress on some of its research projects. But I am not carrying any
research for the Institute and I do not have an appointment as a member of
its staff. The Institute has no moral or formal obligation to support my
academic research or to be responsible for my professional career. The
courtesies and friendly attitude extended to me by its staff are very much
appreciated, but they are the result of our mutual good will and not of any
kind of obligation. Formally, my appointment is, as mentioned before, with
the Department of Political Science.

The topic under consideration is unique. So are the materials
gathered and my qualifications to write about them. Ultimately my findings
will be useful to national security. The data is collated and ready to be
written. Princeton University Press, on the strength of these materials,
signed a contract for the publication in advance. The Center appeared to me
to be the logical place to apply. If I am invited for a two-year "domicile,"
you know from my record that I will deliver.

cc Dr. Kissinger

December 16, 1966

Mr. William R. Kintner
Foreign Policy Research Institute
University of Pennsylvania
133 South 36th Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

Dear Bill:

Thank you for sending me Zawodny's memorandum, of which
he had already sent me a copy. The reason for the delay was the
necessity of polling my colleagues. Their view was that the normal
place to apply for support for Zawodny would be some foundation. If
he can raise his own finances we would be very glad to consider having
him work here.

As for Melvin Crone, I think extremely well of him. He has
been one of our outstanding Assistant Professors, and has continued
to grow in my observation. I was sorry we did not appoint him to a
permanent position, but then we are well covered in the field of East
European studies. I think he would be a great addition to any university.

It was nice to see you the other day.

With warm regards and good wishes as always,

Henry A. Krausder

Sincerely yours,

European studies. I think he would be a great addition to any university. Permanent position, put them we are well covered in the field of East to draw in my observation. I was sorry we did not appoint him to a been one of our outstanding Assistant Professors, and has continued as for Melvin Cross. I think extremely well of him. He has him work here.

he can raise his own finances we would be very glad to consider having place to apply for support forSigma Xi would be some foundation. It necessity of polling my colleagues. Their view was that the normal he had already sent me a copy. The reason for the delay was the

Dear Bill:

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
133 South 36th Street
University of Pennsylvania
Foreign Policy Research Institute
Mr. William R. Kintner

December 16, 1966

March 29, 1967

Professor J. K. Zawodny
Wharton School of Finance and Commerce
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

Dear Professor Zawodny:

Thank you for your letter of March 7th. I was very glad to hear that you had received the money you needed in order to complete your research. The Center would be very pleased to offer you office space and a certain amount of secretarial help during the second semester of the academic year 1967-68. I have given a copy of your letter to Mr. Zoltan Tomory, the Administrative Officer of the Center, and he will be writing you regarding the practical arrangements for your stay here.

Let me take this opportunity to say that I think your research project sounds very interesting, not to mention worthwhile, and my colleagues and I are looking forward to discussing it with you.

Best regards,

bee: Z. Tomory
T.C. Schelene
P. Vernon

Henry V. Knaunder

Sincerely yours,

Best regards,

to discussing it with you.
I wish you a happy holiday while, and may colleagues and I are looking forward to your research project some very interesting, not to mention worthwhile.
Let me take this opportunity to ask that I think arrangements for your stay here.

Center, and he will be writing you redacting the practical
to Mr. Solan Tomory, the Administrative Officer of the
the academic year 1967-68. I have given a copy of your let-
summit of secretarial help during the second semester of
would be very pleased to offer you office space and a certain
needed in order to complete your research. The Center
was very glad to hear that you had received the money you
Thank you for your letter of March 1st. I
I

Dear Professor Zamozy:

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
University of Pennsylvania
Wharton School of Finance and Commerce
Professor J. K. Zamozy

March 29, 1967

UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA

PHILADELPHIA 19104

MAR 9 1967

March 7, 1967

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
Sixth Divinity Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Dear Professor Kissinger:

As you may recall, I sent you a memorandum at the end of last year
inquiring whether it would be possible to be invited to the Center and to
spend some time there as a Fellow in order to structure and write a policy-
oriented manuscript on the subject of "Uprising of Warsaw, 1944: A Case
Study of Urban Insurgency". In your letter of December 16, 1967, you were
kind enough to inform me that if I had the funding, the Center "would be
very glad to consider inviting [me]." I have interpreted the spirit of your
response positively.

Within the last three days, I have been awarded two grants. One is
from the American Council of Learned Societies and enables me to make a
trip to Europe during this coming summer in connection with the projected
manuscript. The other grant is from the *Rehm Foundation* and permits me to
take one semester off from my teaching duties at the University of
Pennsylvania. The University is willing to give me a leave for the *second*
semester of the academic year 1967-68.

Thus, I would like to ask whether the Center would be willing to
 invite me for a period of five months from January to May, 1968. Of
course, during that period I will not be able to complete the manuscript,
but I would fulfill the real purpose of my wanting to be at the Center;
namely, through informal consultations with other Fellows and the staff,
to structure my manuscript in such a way as to make it more than merely
descriptive. I have not had practical experience with the demands and
needs of policy making, and I would like to make this study useful beyond
that of mere historical recapitulation. Here, in my judgment, lies the
strength of the Center and that is why I would like to be among you. At
the same time, let me most emphatically point out that you will not find
me imposing upon anyone's time or presuming upon people's good will.