( 147 )

Do as you please.
Which would you like ?
Whichever you like.
They do not like this.

Дълайте какъ вамъ угóдио.
Котóрый вамъ угóдио?
Какой вамъ угóдио.
Имъ не угóдио этого.

ОBS. 5.—With угóдио, the subject must be used in the dative, as :

Миѣ угóдио,
Емý угóдио,

Will you take some pie ?
Thank you, I am not hungry.
Have you been long in London ?
Since yesterday.
It is the same to me.

I should like.
He should like, etc.

Не угóдио ли вамъ ппрогá ?
Благодарю, я не гóлоденъ.
Давнó ли вы въ Лóпдопѣ ?
Со вчерáшняго дня.
Миѣ всё равнó.

EXERCISE XXXVIII.

What is the cook going to the shed for?—He is going for a few logs of wood.—Into whose shed is he going for firewood?—He goes always into the shed of the owner of those beautiful buildings.—Has Andrew got my ink and steel pens?—I think that he has neither (those nor the others).—Of which teacher's son are you speaking?—I speak of the one, to whom I am going.—Have you such a good easy-chair as my father has?—No, we have not as good, but we have some others.—They have very good new chairs and easy-chairs.—Are you going to the ball with many or only with a few friends?—I am going only with three friends, with my master (teacher) and his modest sons. Where did you see the English artist?—Not I, but my brother saw him at the promenade in the forest.—Where are the nice walks, to which the artists go so often?—They are in those blooming (цвѣтýщій) meadows and fields, to which (or whither) these young men are going.—The

( 148 )

windows of these new houses are still unglazed (without panes), but the windows of this magnificent building are glazed (with panes).—Do you not see those pails with beer or with wine?—I see neither the pails, nor the beer nor wine; I see only the cook, (who is) going to the yard of that building for a few young pigeons, goslings and ducklings. Of what and with whom did this old soldier's children speak?—They spoke with us of their poor father.—You have too little roast chicken.—I have as much as you have. Who sees the iron gate of this fine palace?—Some see it, and others do not.

## EXERCISE XXXIX.

What a high gate!—Yes, it is a very high one.—What gate is it?—It is a wooden gate.—Have you bought much firewood of the peasant?—I bought very little.—What sort of ink did you give your clerk?—I gave him the black and blue, but did not give the red.—Why did you not give him the red ink?—Because he has red.—Are not the banker's children ill?—Yes, they are very ill.—How long have they been ill?—They have been ill since yesterday. What handkerchiefs did you buy from the rich merchant? I bought from him such a handkerchief, as you have not got.—How many logs of wood have you in the yard?—I do not know, but I think (that) I have still a good deal of firewood.—How long have you been here?—Already three hours, already six hours.—Where are the young officers? I think (that) they are either at the ball or in the theatre. Who says this?—Many say this.—Does everybody say this?—No, not everybody.—Where are the young grey asses?—They are either in (na) the yard or in (na) the field.—Are there many mirrors in the grand duke's palace?

( 152 )

You wash yourself.
We wash ourselves.
I warmed myself.
We warmed ourselves.

To fry, to roast, } жарить.
To be frying, } } варить.
To cook, } } варить.
To be cooking,

Cook, there is goose, fry it for me.
Who cooked those eggs ?
Fry a few eggs.
Yes, sir.

Вы мобитесь.
Мы мобемся.
Я грёбся.
Мы грёблись.

To fry (thoroughly), изжарить.
To boil (thoroughly), сварить.

Поваръ, вотъ гусь, изжаръ митъ его.
Кто сваритъ эти яйца?
Изжарьте пѣсколько яйцъ.
Слѣшаю-съ.

ОBS. 4.—Слѣшаю-съ means ‘I obey, sir.’ This expression is generally used by subordinates answering their superiors.

EXERCISE XL.

Will you have chickens for dinner to-day?—We will have for dinner to-day, not only chickens, but also two pies; one large for the guests, and another small one for the children.—Have you in your stud many foals and young asses?—I have not a single (ни одинъ) young ass in my stud, but I have twenty-three foals.—What do you see in this sack?—I see two pretty pups.—What has this merchant new?—He has fresh butter, fine white woollen cloth and a great many new mahogany chairs.—Has he not also tumblers (made) of (изъ) red and blue glass?—No, he has no other goods.—Are there little mice in your father's house?—There are no little mice in our house, but in our barn there are plenty of them.—Are the trees in your forest high?—There are both high and low trees.—Have you something new?—I have nothing new, I have only (that) what you have seen already.—Did I see every thing?—I think (that) you did.—Does his child wish to see the pretty

( 153 )

kittens and the little mice?—It wishes to see only the
kittens.—And why does it not wish to see the little mice?
Because it is afraid of them.—Is that old man with his
family going to the play or to the ball?—He is going
neither to the play nor to the ball, but to (na) the seashore
(shore of the sea).—Do you see something black on those
high trees?—We see a few nests with young jackdaws.
Has anybody any tobacco and soap?—Nobody here has
either tobacco or soap.—Has not anybody here something
magnificent?—We have a magnificent pond.—He wants
to give to these two lion's whelps some meat, and to this
playful kitten a few little mice.—Do you not want to go
with him to the kind prince, to his magnificent castle?—No,
I do not want to go to the prince, I am going into the low
barn, to the old beggar.—Have you seen in the village the
poor little Jews in black coats and bad trousers?—No,
because there are no little Jews in our villages.—Do the
peasants see something on that field?—They see nothing.
Do you not see something?—We see high corn in (on) the
fields of the rich proprietor.—What sort of eyes have these
inquisitive children?—One has grey eyes, and the other
blue.

EXERCISE XLI.

Have I to speak with him?—No, you must not speak
with him.—Who has to do this?—No one has to do this.
Have not we to give you something?—You have to give
us some money.—Do you want much tallow?—I do not
want much of it, give me some of it.—Have the joiners
enough mahogany (wood)?—No, they have too little of it.
Will you not take a little more meat?—No, I have enough
meat, but give me another little piece of chicken.—In

( 154 )

whose village have the boys been ?—They were not in the village, but in the yard.—Who says that his tailor has good taste ?—Nobody says this, because his tailor has very bad taste.—Is he often at (ВЬ) the grand duke's palace ? No, he is very seldom there.—To whom do they want to give these ducklings ?—They want to give them to their cook.—Has he made the soup already ?—No, he has not yet.—Did you see in (on) the meadows herds of oxen ? I did not see the herds of oxen, but I saw three studs of horsès (ЛОШАДЬ).—Has the locksmith much iron ?—He has plenty, but not so much as the blacksmith has.—Is your gold good ?—It is as good as yours.—Where are they warming themselves ?—They are warming themselves at the fire.—Who else is warming himself at the fire ?—The kittens are also warming themselves at the fire.—Are you often at St. Petersburg ?—No, I am seldom there, but I am often in Paris and in London.—What kind of people are (usually) here ?—All kinds: rich and poor, good and bad. Do you prefer (ПРЕДПОЧИТАЕТЕ) the stag to the hare ?—I prefer the hare to the stag, but I like also the meat of a young stag.—What kind of bread has the baker ?—He has every kind of bread.

( 155 )

TWENTY-SECOND LESSON.—Двадцать Второй Урокъ.

Feminine Gender.—Женский Родъ.

<table><tr><td>A wife,</td><td>женá, супрýга.</td></tr><tr><td>A woman,</td><td>жénщина.</td></tr><tr><td>A fly,</td><td>мýха.</td></tr><tr><td>A hat,</td><td>шляпа.</td></tr><tr><td>A maid-servant,</td><td>служащá.</td></tr><tr><td>A sister,</td><td>сестрá.</td></tr><tr><td>A candle,</td><td>свѣчá.</td></tr><tr><td>A widow,</td><td>вдовá.</td></tr><tr><td>A mistress (of a) servant),</td><td>хозяйка, бáрыня.</td></tr><tr><td>Madam,</td><td>судáрыня.</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>A cell,</td><td>келлія.</td></tr><tr><td>A bible,</td><td>бийлія.</td></tr><tr><td>A mouse,</td><td>мышь, f.*</td></tr><tr><td>A net,</td><td>сѣть, f.</td></tr><tr><td>A horse,</td><td>лóшадь, f.</td></tr><tr><td>A bed,</td><td>постель, f.</td></tr><tr><td>A seal,</td><td>печать, f.</td></tr><tr><td>A mill,</td><td>мельпіца.</td></tr><tr><td>A cup,</td><td>чашка.</td></tr><tr><td>A bench, shop,</td><td>лáвка.</td></tr><tr><td>A glove,</td><td>перчátка.</td></tr></table>

ОBS. 1. Masculine nouns ending in a or я follow the inflexions of feminine nouns, as:

<table><tr><td>Мужчина, 'man,'</td><td>gen. мужчины,</td><td>dat. мужчина, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Судьи, 'a judge,'</td><td>gen. судьи,</td><td>dat. судьи, etc.</td></tr></table>

It must be observed here that adjectives qualifying such nouns follow the masculine and not the feminine inflexions, as:

<table><tr><td>Добраго, мужчины,</td><td>Of the kind man.</td></tr><tr><td>Мудрому судьи,</td><td>To the wise judge.</td></tr></table>

ОBS. 2.—Nouns ending in жа, ча, ша or ща, form the instrumental singular in ею, instead of ою, as:

<table><tr><td>Стúжа, a cold,</td><td>instrumental стúжею.</td></tr><tr><td>Тýча, a cloud,</td><td>instrumental тýчею.</td></tr><tr><td>Крýша, a roof,</td><td>instrumental крýшєю.</td></tr><tr><td>Рóща, a grove,</td><td>instrumental рóщею.</td></tr></table>

* Nouns in я, which are feminine, will be marked with f.

( 160 )

Is not the candle burning also ?
Yes, the candle is burning also.

A salmon, лосось.
An eel, юговь.
A pike, пicy.
A sterlet, стерлянь.

Не горить ли тóже и свѣчá.
Да, и свѣчá тóже горить.

A carp, карп.
A sturgeon, осетрель.
A crawfish, ракъ.
A partridge, куропатка.

## EXERCISE XLII.

Did she see his wife?—Yes, she saw his wife, and her sister also.—Did his wife speak to her (own) sister?—Yes, she spoke to her.—Where is your old servant going?—He is going to the ante-room.—What for?—He is going there for his mistress's hat.—With whom is he speaking in the ante-room?—He is speaking with the old maid-servant. Of what is he speaking?—He is speaking with her of his kind master.—What does the mother order her daughter to do?—She orders her to cook one fowl and five eggs. The lazy cook's wife wants to speak to the rich merchant's mother.—About what?—About the poor widow and her little daughter.—How many children has this poor widow got?—She has got three daughters and five sons.—Where is our kind judge?—He is in the old monk's cell.—Where is the kind mother with her modest daughter going?—She is going with her daughter to church.—Where is the lazy child?—It is in bed.—Why?—Because it is ill.—Is your sister still in the church?—She is no longer there, I think she is now at home.—Did you speak yesterday with his pretty daughter?—No, I did not speak with her; I did not see her.—Did you see the master's handsome sister? Yes, sir; I have to go with her to the church to-day.—To which church?—To the Russian church.—What has this

( 161 )

kitten got in its mouth?—It has a mouse in his mouth.
In which cupboard are the eggs and the roast chickens?
In the (that) cupboard which is in the ante-room.—Has the
peasant any rye?—No, he has not any rye.—Do you see
that hen?—I see the black hen with the black chickens.
Do you see the wise judge there, on that bench?—I see
him, and his brother the great orator also.—Have you a
good herring?—I have a herring, but it is not good.—Has
not the servant my seal and my steel pen?—He has
neither.

EXERCISE XLIII.

Is not the servant going for my seal and my pens?—She
is not going for the seal, but for the red ink.—Where is
this woman going after my servant?—She is going after
him to our nursery.—Will you have some Dutch herring?
No, thank you, but give me a piece of cheese and some
white bread, if you please.—Have you to go with him to
Nicolas' shop?—No, I have not.—Do the children want to
take tea?—They want to take coffee.—What kind of hat
has he bought at that shop?—He bought a black silk hat.
Were you at the English church?—I have not been at
church, but at (na) the horse-market.—What did you see
at the horse-market?—I saw an excellent young horse.
To whom is this nurse speaking?—She is speaking to her
mistress's child.—Would you like some beer?—No, I do not
drink beer; give me a glass of wine, if you please.—Do you
want a cup of tea or coffee?—No, I take neither tea nor
coffee.—By whom was this steel key given to you?—It
was given to me by my faithful servant.—With whom is
your brother Andrew going?—He is going with your
sister.—Were they going?—They are going to that
magnificent church.—How many millstones are there in

M

( 163 )

To whom did you give the candle ?
I gave it to the servant.
Did you speak of the glove ?
I spoke of it.

Her (poss. pronoun),
Her (own),
Our, ours, fem.
Your, yours, fem.

Кому вы дали свѣчу ?
Я. далъ её слугѣ.
Говорили вы о перчáтке ?
Я говорилъ о ней.

Еа, pronounce eë.
Свой.
Наша, свой.
Баша, свой.

### OBS. 3.—The third feminine possessive pronoun еа, ‘her,’ and its plural ихъ, ‘their,’ have no declension of their own, and they do not take an h when used with a preposition, as :

At her house.
I am going to her mother.
In their room.
I spoke of their daughters.

Въ ея домѣ.
Я пѣдъ къ ея материн.
Въ ихъ комнатѣ.
Я говорилъ объ ихъ дочеряхъ.

### OBS. 4.—Cardinal numerals ending in ь follow the same mode of inflexion as feminine nouns in ь, and when used in the nominative they govern the genitive plural, but in all the other cases they agree in case with the substantive, as :

Five tables.
Six sisters.
To the seven brothers.
With six children.
In ten houses.
We spoke of twelve towns.

To be able, (can),
One can,
One cannot,

Пять столѣвъ.
Шесть сестеръ.
Къ семй братьямъ.
Съ шестью дѣтьми.
Въ десятій домахъ.
Мы говорили о двѣнадцати городахъ.

Мочь.
Можно, { impersonal verbs.
Нельзя, }.

Personal Form.
Я могу,
Ты можешь,
I can.
Thou canst.

Impersonal Form.
Мнѣ можно.
Тебѣ можно.

( 164 )

Personal Form.

Опъ, она мóжетъ,
Мы мóжемъ,
Вы мóжете,
Опъ, опъ мóгутъ,

Я могъ,
Я моглӑ,
Я моглó,
Мы могли,

Не, she can.
We can.
You can.
They can.

I could.

We could.

Impersonal Form.

Емý, ей мóжно.
Намъ мóжно.
Вамъ мóжно.
Имъ мóжно.

Мпъ мóжно бóло.

Намъ мóжно бóло.

I cannot,

Я не могу·
Мпъ нельзя·

Personal Form.

Я не могу·,
Ты не мóжешь,
Опъ не мóжетъ,
Мы не мóжемъ,
Вы не мóжете,
Опъ, онъ не могуть,

Я не могъ,
Мы не могли.

I cannot.
Thou canst not.
He cannot.
We cannot.
You cannot.
They cannot.

I could not.
We could not.

Impersonal Form.

Мнъ нельзя·
Тебъ нельзя·
Емý нельзя·
Намъ нельзя·
Вамъ нельзя·
Имъ нельзя·

Ммъ нельзя бóло.
Намъ нельзя бóло.

ОBS. 5.—The impersonal verbs мóжно and нельзя require the subject to be in the dative, as :

Сестръ мóжно а máтери нельзя.

The sister can, but the mother can-
not.

The same,
The same thing,
So,

Тотъ-же, тá-же, тó-же.
Тó-же.
Такъ,

ОBS. 6.—Adjectives following the word такъ, ‘so,’ must be apocopated, as :

Опъ такъ добръ.
Это такъ хорошъ.

He is so kind.
This is so good.

( 167 )

kitchen for ?—She is going to the kitchen for some fresh water.—Is she not going there also for something else ? She is going there for the roast chickens also.—What sort of candle has that girl ?—She has a wax candle.—Has she not also a tallow candle ?—She has not a single tallow candle.—Whose ring has the girl ?—She has her own. How many pups has this dog ?—It has four pups.—Has she that woman's hat.—She has her own, and not that woman's hat.—How many pails of water has she ?—She has five pails of fresh water.

## EXERCISE XLV.

Can you give this wax candle to that amiable girl ?—No, I cannot give her the wax candle.—Why ?—Because I have not got a wax candle.—Does this girl want to eat and drink ?—Yes, she wants to eat and drink.—Would she like some bread and butter ?—Yes, she would ; and give her, please, also some cheese and a glass of beer or wine.—You have to give me five roubles.—That (this) is too much, I cannot give you so much, I can give you only two roubles. What does he want to go to (ha) the field for ?—He wants to sow corn (plural).—What sort of corn ?—Oats, barley and other kind of corn.—In whose field will he sow them ? In his own.—Does any one want to write to the modest Englishman ?—No, but the Russian wants to buy some ink and write a letter to his mother, and not to the Englishman.—The rich owners of the ships are in need of sails and anchors.—Can one buy in the market bills of exchange ? One could yesterday, but one cannot to-day.—This nobleman's wife wants to go to the merchant's shop ?—Why ?

( 168 )

She wants to buy at the merchant's shop some coffee, tea, sugar, cheese and some pepper.—With whom is she going to that shop?—With her servant.

EXERCISE XLVI.

Good day, madam! how do you do?—Thank you, I am quite well.—Your cousin (fem.) told me that you were ill. Yes, I was ill yesterday and the day before, but now I am well.—Where were you yesterday?—I was on (въ) the estate of Mr. N.—Has he as laborious and honest labourers as you have?—No, his labourers are very lazy.—In which street is your house?—It is in the same street as (where) yours.—Is your house as dark as mine?—Yes, it is as dark as yours.—Do you want to eat?—Give me a piece of boiled salmon.—Do not you want some boiled crawfish (plur.) ? No, thank you.—Which wine would you like?—Give me a glass of red wine.—What times have we now?—We have now very bad times, every thing is very dear.—Which is dearer, pewter or silver?—Silver, but gold is still dearer. How many eggs did you give to your cook?—I gave her three eggs.—Of what colour is the sky?—The sky is blue and the clouds in it are grey.—What is that man's trade? He is by trade a boot and shoe maker.—Good bye, my good friend, I have to go to my sisters.—The banisters of this wooden staircase are (made of) iron.

( 169 )

TWENTY-FOURTH LESSON.

Двáдцать Четвёртый Урóкъ.

ОBS. 1.—Nouns ending in a, preceded by ж, ч, ш, щ, г, к, or х, form their nominative plural in и instead of ы, as:

Тýча, ‘a cloud ;’ plural, тýчи, genitive, тучь.

Сохá, ‘a plough ;’ plural, cóхи, genitive, сохь.

Nouns ending in жа, ча, ша, ща, when preceded by another consonant, form their genitive plural in ей instead of Ъ, as:

Вōждá, ‘a rein ;’ plural, вōждти, genitive, вожжéй.

Парчá, ‘a brocade ;’ plural, парчий, genitive, парчей.

ОBS. 2.—The vowel я, after the consonants ж, ч, ш, щ, is replaced in the plural by a, in the dative, instrumental and prepositional case, as:

Ночь, ‘a night ;’ dat. plur. почáмъ, instr. Noчáми, prep. Noчáхъ.

The word пéркoвь, ‘a church,’ also changes its soft inflexions into hard ones in dative, instrumental and prepositional plurals, as:

Dative, церквámъ; instrumental, церквámъ; prepositional, церквáхъ.

( 173 )

the words дочь, 'a daughter;' дверь, 'a door;' лошадь, 'a horse;' and петь, 'a whip;' is abridged into вмь, as:

Instrumental plural, дочерьмъ, instead of дочерамъ.

Instrumental plural, дверьмъ, instead of дверамъ.

Instrumental plural, лошадьмъ, instead of лошадямъ.

Instrumental plural, петьмъ, instead of плетамъ.

### OBS. 9.—Nouns ending in я preceded by i or яя unaccented form the genitive plural in й, as:

Липія, 'a line;'} gen. plur. ліпій.

Келья, 'a cell;'} gen. plur. кельй.

Армія, 'an army;'} gen. plur. армій.

### OBS. 10.—If the two last consonants are зд or ст, no euphonic vowel is inserted in the genitive plural, as:

Звѣздá, 'a star;'} gen. plur. звѣздь.

Невѣста, 'a bride;'} gen. plur. невѣсть.

The following words, although having two or more consonants before the final vowel, do not take any euphonic vowel in the genitive plural.

<table><tr><td>Бездна, an abyss.</td></tr><tr><td>Вербá, a willow.</td></tr><tr><td>Враждá, enmity.</td></tr><tr><td>Пскра, a spark.</td></tr><tr><td>Карта, a card.</td></tr><tr><td>Пальма, a palm-tree.</td></tr><tr><td>Просьба, a petition.</td></tr><tr><td>Арха, a harp.</td></tr><tr><td>Польза, advantage.</td></tr><tr><td>Уойца, an assassin.</td></tr><tr><td>Лихвá, usury.</td></tr></table>

Before, in front of,
About,
They, (fem. plur.)

<table><tr><td>Лства, food, (plural).</td></tr><tr><td>Бомба, a bombshell.</td></tr><tr><td>Волна, a wave.</td></tr><tr><td>Пэба, a hut.</td></tr><tr><td>Казарма, barracks.</td></tr><tr><td>Лампа, a lamp.</td></tr><tr><td>Нуждá, necessity.</td></tr><tr><td>Прáвда, truth.</td></tr><tr><td>Серна, a chamois.</td></tr><tr><td>Укоризна, a reproach.</td></tr><tr><td>Яхта, a yacht.</td></tr></table>

Предъ, governs the instr.
Около, governs the genitive.
Онъ, declined like онъ.

( 176 )

the violin yesterday?—Yes, he played the violin yesterday.
Has this girl's uncle many coaches?—He has two coaches
only, but they are very good ones.—What do the sisters of
those girls want to buy?—they want to buy a few dolls.
What did your aunt present her servant with?—She pre-
sented her with a pair of gold ear-rings and a few silver
spoons.—At which church were you yesterday, the French
or the Russian?—We were at both churches.—Have these
two princesses (unmarried) plenty of money?—Yes, they
are very rich.—How many sheep has this young shepherd?
He has twenty-five sheep.—Have you seen the villages in
which there are mines and quarries?—I saw neither the
villages, nor the mines, nor the quarries.—How many bar-
racks are there in your town?—There are no barracks at
all in our town.—Has he many lands?—He has as many
lands as his mean neighbour.—Has your good king faithful
and brave subjects?—Good kings always have plenty of
faithful subjects and brave soldiers.

EXERCISE XLVIII.

Are there many firs and willows in your forest?—There
are plenty of firs in our forest, but there is not a single
willow.—Has your master (lord) only one forest?—He has
three large forests, with many trees, stags and hares.—Are
there not any partridges in those forests?—There are no
partridges at all.—What sort of rooms have the princess's
daughters?—They have large and warm rooms, but our
neighbours, the poor clerks, have only one small and cold
room.—Do you want to buy a few apples?—No, we have
plenty of apples in our garden.—What good things have
they?—They have many good bake-houses, five tidy

( 177 )

kitchens, three cellars with red and white wines, six good slaughter-houses, two custom-houses, enough rye, barley and flax, and twenty-five new wooden huts.—The pretty little girl says that her father wants to take the firewood, which is in the yard of that hut.—You may give it to her; this girl's father is a poor beggar.—I want to go home. Why?—I have to speak to my father about my business. Have you bought many books at the fair?—I bought a great many (of them) there.—Why do you want (is it necessary to you) so many books?—I want to present them to my sister's master.—Were the waves high?—Yes, they were very high.—How much firewood did you buy in the market?—I bought very little of it.—Which horses are better, English or Russian?—English horses are much better than Russian.—Have you lighted the candle already? Yes, I have lit it.—Why did you do it?—I lit it, because I wanted to write.—Where did you eat better roe, than that of this place?—I have eaten much better roe in Astrachan, than that of this place.—Give her the ruler, she wants to rule.—Both her daughters play the harp.—Did your cook buy much fish?—She bought three salmons, five carps, two pikes and a few herrings.—What do you see before you?—I see in front of me an abyss.

Λ

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<table><tr><td>Half a score,</td><td>десійтокъ.</td></tr><tr><td>A hundred,</td><td>сітня.</td></tr><tr><td>Old (worn out),</td><td>худой.</td></tr><tr><td>Dirty (for linen),</td><td>чёрный.</td></tr><tr><td>Dirty linen,</td><td>чёрное бѣльё.</td></tr><tr><td>A fish,</td><td>рыба.</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>A dozen,</td><td>дюжинна.</td></tr><tr><td>Half a hundred,</td><td>нолсóтни.</td></tr><tr><td>Lively (adj.)</td><td>живой.</td></tr><tr><td>Clean,</td><td>чистый.</td></tr><tr><td>Fat,</td><td>жирный.</td></tr><tr><td>Awkward,</td><td>неловкий.</td></tr></table>

### OBS. 5.—Рыба, ‘a fish,’ in a collective sense as in English, is used in the singular instead of the plural, as:

Я купилъ эту рыбу.
Тамъ пѣтъ рыбы.

I bought this fish.
There is no fish

### OBS. 6.—Nouns ending in я, preceded by a vowel, form their genitive plural in й, as:

<table><tr><td>Струй,</td><td>‘a current;’</td><td>gen. plur. струй.</td></tr><tr><td>Эмъя,</td><td>‘a serpent;’</td><td>gen. plur. эмъй.</td></tr><tr><td>Швей,</td><td>‘a sempstress;’</td><td>gen. plur. швей.</td></tr></table>

Those ending in я form their genitive plural in ей, as:

<table><tr><td>Скамъя,</td><td>‘a bench;’</td><td>gen. plur. скамей.</td></tr><tr><td>Семъя,</td><td>‘a family;’</td><td>gen. plur. скамей.</td></tr></table>

If the termination яь be an abridged termination of яя, the genitive plural is in яй instead of ей, as:

Пгуменья, (пгуменія), ‘an abbess;’ gen. plur. пгуменій.
Келья, (келья), ‘a cell;’ gen. plur. кельй.

This, that, it, Это, то (neuter).

### OBS. 7.—This, that and it, when not referring to a noun, are translated это, as:

I read this already.
Have you told it to me?
I have told it to you.
Who is it?
It is my brother.
What is it?

Я ужé читáльъ это.
Сказали ли вы миѣ это?
Я вамъ сказали это.
Кто это?
Это мой братъ.
Что это?

( 182 )

with her of the linen.—Did she not speak with her of some-
thing else also?—No, she spoke with her of linen only,
which she gave her the day before yesterday.—Do you give
this laundress your linen to wash?—No, she washes badly;
we give our linen to another laundress, who washes well.
Did you see that grand funeral?—We did not see it.—How
many pairs of scissors have these sempstresses?—They
have only three pairs of steel scissors, but they are very
good.—The maid-servant gave the cook (fem.) too much
yeast.—Has the cook enough wood in the kitchen?—He
has not enough of it.—Is the hay in the manger?—No, it
is in a rick.—Who is going for my tea, and for the cream?
The maid-servant is going for one, and the servant for the
other.—What have these two monks got in their hands?
They have two rosaries.—Are there any relics in this
church?—No, there are no relics in this church.—What
sort of corn have these peasants on the large sledges, which
we see on that road?—They have on the sledges not corn,
but fish.—Where is the laundress going?—She is going to
(въ) the wash-house, to wash the linen.—Has the laundress
to wash the maid-servant's linen also?—No, she has not to
wash it.—The cook (fem.) is in the kitchen already.—What
has she to cook and fry for your dinner?—Nothing, I will
not be at home, I am dining at a friend's.—Where are the
silver spoons and forks?—The first ones are on the table,
and the last ones are in the cupboard.—Do not you see the
laundress with my linen?—I see her and her two daugh-
ters.—Have your horses some bran?—They have only a
little bran, but plenty of oats and enough hay and fresh water
from (пъ) the new well, which you see in that garden
under the high fir-tree.—What has the maid-servant got,
whom you see on that peasant's sledge?—She has got three

( 183 )

rakes and four pitchforks.—How many pairs of breeches
has your neighbour got?—He has three pairs of cloth
breeches, but these poor little Jews have neither breeches,
nor boots, nor coats; they have only got bad stockings,
old shoes and dirty linen.—Whose are these silk gloves?
These gloves are mine, but they are leathern and not silk.
With whom are you speaking?—With no one.—How many
soldiers are there in this village?—Two hundred and seventy-
five men.—Where is my music?—It is on the piano.

EXERCISE L.

Are you not in need of something?—Yes, I am in need
of money.—Where is then your money?—I lost it at cards.
Did you lose much money at cards?—Yes, I have lost very
much.—Where did your sisters pass (провели) their time
yesterday?—They passed the whole day in the village.
What did she cook for dinner?—She made an excellent
cabbage-soup.—Are these bottles with corks?—No, they
are without corks.—What sort of hens are these?—They are
Dutch hens.—Can your daughters go to-day to my aunt's?
No, they cannot go to her to-day, they have no time, but they
can to-morrow.—Are your pupils diligent?—Yes, they are
very diligent.—We endeavoured to do this, but could not.
How many lessons did you give them?—I gave them forty-
three lessons.—This crawfish has got large claws.—Can
one see live fish in the market?—No, there are no live fish
in the market.—How many horses did you order the coach-
man to harness?—I ordered him to harness six for the king,
four for the prince, three for the courier, and a pair for me.
How many apples did you buy?—I bought one hundred of
apples and half a hundred of pears.—What are these little

( 184 )

girls thinking of?—They are thinking of their dolls.—How many roubles did you receive from your advocate?—I received from him twenty-four roubles and fifty copecks. How many workmen (подмастёрье) has this boot-maker got?—He has six (of them).—What sort of sheath is this? This is a leathern sheath.—But where is the sword?—It is in the sheath.

## TWENTY-SIXTH LESSON.—Двадцать Шестой Урокъ.

### AUGMENTATIVES AND DIMINUTIVES.

Augmentatives and Diminitives are derivative substan-
tives, which by some change in the termination of the
primitive express the object as larger or smaller.

#### I. AUGMENTATIVES.—Увеличительныя.

*Formation of Augmentatives.*

a. Masculine augmentatives are formed by changing the terminations Іь, Іь or ІІ into ІІІе or ІІІна:

<table><tr><td>Домъ, a house;</td><td>домйше, a large house,<br>домйпа, a large, ugly house.</td></tr><tr><td>Копь, a horse;</td><td>копйше, a big horse.</td></tr><tr><td>Сарáй, a shed;</td><td>сарáйше, a large shed.</td></tr></table>

b. Neuter nouns form augmentatives in ІІІе:

<table><tr><td>Окпó, a window;</td><td>окпйще, a large window.</td></tr><tr><td>Липё, a face;</td><td>липйще, a large face.</td></tr></table>

c. Feminine nouns form augmentatives by changing the terminations а, я, or Іь, into ІІІа:

<table><tr><td>Лáпа, a paw;</td><td>лапйша, a large paw.</td></tr><tr><td>Грудь, a breast;</td><td>грудйша, a large breast.</td></tr></table>