EUROPE.

ENGLAND.

LONDON.

Lat. N. 51. 30. --- Long. 00. 00.

Religion---Protestants.

England contains forty counties or shires,
twenty-six cities, and 172 boroughs, besides the
twelve counties of Wales. Its extent is 360
miles long, and 300 broad. The whole Island
of Great Britain includes England, Wales, and
Scotland, and is 600 miles long, about 300
broad, and contains near twelve millions of
inhabitants. London, its capital, is nearly 36
miles in circumference, and is the largest and
most opulent city in the world. The principal
rivers in England are the Thames, the Severn,
the Humber, the Trent, and the Medway.

EUROPE.

SCOTLAND.

EDINBURGH.

Lat. N. 56.---Long. W. 3.

Religion---Presbyterians.

Scotland is the northern division of Great Britain, and is divided into thirty-three counties. It is 270 miles long, and 160 broad, exclusive of the Islands of Shetland, Orkneys, and the Hebrides. In the reign of Queen Anne the Scotch became subject to, and united with, the English government; before this period they were subjected to all the oppressions of the feudal system. The Universities of Scotland are four, viz. St. Andrew's, founded 1411, Glasgow, 1454, Aberdeen, 1477, and Edinburgh, 1582.

EUROPE.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN.

Lat. N. 53. 16. --- Long. W. 6. 25.

Religion—Protestants.

Ireland is divided into four large provinces, viz. Ulster, north, Leinster, east, Munster, south, and Connaught, west; these are subdivided into thirty-two counties or shires. Although the established religion of Ireland is Protestant, yet the Catholic faith prevails amongst the greater part of the inhabitants. The Union of Great Britain and Ireland took place Jan. 1, 1801, when it was agreed that a certain number of Lords and Commoners should be their representatives in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Ireland is 280 miles long, and 160 broad.

EUROPE.

FRANCE.

PARIS.

Lat. N. 48. 50.—Long. E. 2. 25.

Religion—Papists.

France has been distinguished for its arts, sciences, and elegant refinements.—It is in length 610 miles, and in breadth 560, and is divided into 83 departments. This unhappy country, after being the prey of various factions for the space of 23 years, has lately recalled its exiled sovereign and re-established a legitimate monarchy.—The French are strangers to sincerity, but are seldom dejected by misfortunes, and they generally preserve their temper in the lowest circumstances.

EUROPE.

ITALY.

ROME.

Lat. N. 41. 45.--Long. E. 13. 41.

Religion---Papists.

Italy is esteemed the garden of Europe. It is a Peninsula, and is 650 miles in length, and about 200 in breadth. It is divided into many governments, but the chief is the Pope. They have more Archbishops and Bishops than any country in Europe. The Italians are an ingenious and polite people, but effeminate. ---Italy is the school of the polite arts, and is the conventional resort of those who are desirous of excelling in either painting, sculpture, or music.

EUROPE.

SPAIN.

MADRID.

Lat. N. 40. 30.--Long. W. 3. 15.

Religion---Papists.

Spain is from East to West 620 miles, and from North to South 510. The Romish religion is the only one tolerated. The cruel establishment of the Inquisition, although disused, is not yet abrogated; but the Ecclesiastics can carry no sentence into execution without the royal authority. The government of Spain is monarchical, but the King is absolute. The crown is hereditary, except in case of no issue, when the King may choose what branch of his family shall succeed him.---The people are tall, well proportioned and dark complexioned; but are haughty, jealous, and indolent.

EUROPE.

PORTUGAL.

LISBON.

Lat. N. 38. 45.--Long. W. 9. 25.

Religion---Papists.

Portugal is the most westerly kingdom in Europe. It is about 350 miles long, and 120 broad. Their government is absolute monarchy, and the crown hereditary. Although Portugal is reckoned one of the richest kingdoms in the world, it is so weak as not to be able to defend itself against the encroachments of its neighbours.--The character of the people bears the same affinity to the Spaniards as the Welsh do to the English.--The air is not so warm here as in Spain, nor the soil so fertile: it produces some good wines, olives, oranges, and lemons.

EUROPE.

DENMARK.

COPENHAGEN.

Lat. N. 55. 30.—Long. E. 13.

Religion—Lutherans.

Denmark, including its Baltic Islands, is 240 miles long, and 114 broad; added to these are those immense countries annexed to it, viz. East and West Greenland, Iceland, the Faro Isles, part of Lapland, and some German territories. The government is an absolute monarchy, and their Kings have not abused the power.—Iceland abounds in sulphur, subterranean fires, and volcanoes. The winters in Denmark are very severe, so that the inhabitants often pass arms of the sea in sledges upon the ice.

EUROPE.

NORWAY.

BERGEN.

Lat. N. 60. 30. --- Long. E. 5. 50.

Relig on---Lutherans.

This is the most mountainous country in the
world, and the rivers and cataracts which inter-
sect the mountains render travelling exceed-
ingly dangerous. Norway has lately been an-
nexed to Sweden. Its chief wealth lies in its
forests, with which they supply foreign nations
with masts, beams, planks and boards for ships,
houses, &c. On the coast of Norway is the fa-
mous vortex of the sea, called the Maelstroom,
which forms a whirlpool of such extent and so
violent, that it will sometimes draw in and
shatter a ship to pieces.

EUROPE.

SWEDEN.

STOCKHOLM.

Lat. N. 59 --- Long. E. 18.

Religion --- Lutherans.

This country is divided into Sweden proper, Gothland, Finland, Swedish Lapland, Norway, and the Swedish Islands. The King is invested with so much authority, power, and influence, that it is very rare his wishes are opposed. He has the sole disposal of the army, the navy, the finances, and all employments, civil and military. The chief wealth of Sweden arises from its mines of silver, copper, lead, and iron; the mines are so spacious as to form a subterranean world.

EUROPE.

RUSSIA.

PETERSBURGH.

Lat. N. 60.---Long. E. 30.
Religion---Greek Church.

The Empire of Russia is the largest in extent
in the whole world, and comprehends all the
northern parts, both of Europe and Asia. It
consists of fifty provinces or governments,
being altogether nearly equal to all the rest of
Europe. The Emperor of Russia is absolute,
and master of the lives and properties of all his
subjects. The Russians were almost a savage
people until Peter the Great taught them the
refined arts of civilization.

EUROPE.

HOLLAND.

AMSTERDAM.

Lat. N. 52. 20. --- Long. E. 4. 40.

Religion---Presbyterians.

This country, which has lately assumed the title of the UNITED NETHERLANDS, extends from 53 deg. 25 min. to 49 deg. 20 min. north latitude, and is now become a powerful kingdom. It is bounded on the north and west by the German Ocean, south by the kingdom of France, and east by Germany. The Dutch are brave, and persevering, but covetous people; and the dikes which they have constructed to prevent inundations, are equally stupendous and singular.

EUROPE.

GERMANY.

VIENNA.

Lat. N. 48. 20.--Long. E. 16. 20.

Religion—Papists and Lutherans.

Germany is divided into nine districts, which are called the nine circles of the Empire; their names are, Lower Saxony, Westphalia, Upper Saxony, Upper Rhine, Lower Rhine, Franconia, Suabia, Bavaria, and Austria. They are governed by a diet or parliament, which is composed of the Emperor, and the three colleges of the Empire, viz. the Electoral college, the college of Princes, and the college of Imperial Towns. The Germans are brave, honourable, and ingenious; but much addicted to drinking. They excel in chemistry and mechanics.

EUROPE.

PRUSSIA.

BERLIN.

Lat. N. 53.---Long. E. 14.

Religion---Lutherans.

The Prussian dominions were formerly very small, but the acquisition of Silesia, with considerable portions of Saxony and Poland, have rendered it a considerable Empire. Before the partition of Poland, its population was about five millions and a half, but now it is probable they are above nine millions. His Prussian Majesty is absolute through all his dominions, and he avails himself of the extent of his power. The government of this kingdom is by a regency of four chancellors of state; there are also some other councils, and 37 bailiwicks.

EUROPE.

TURKEY IN EUROPE:

CONSTANTINOPLE.

Lat. N. 41.---Long. E. 29.

Religion---Mahometans.

This country is 910 miles in length, and 760
wide; its climate is so fine, and the soil so fertile,
that Turkey produces all the luxuries of life in
the utmost abundance, notwithstanding the in-
dolence of its owners. Raw silk, corn, wine, oil,
honey, fruit of every species, coffee, myrrh, fran-
kincense, and many odoriferous plants and
drugs, are natives here almost without culture.
The Turks are in general stout, well made, and
robust. The government is hereditary, but
without the least regard to priority of birth.

ASIA.

CHINA.

PEKIN.

Lat. N. 40. --- Long. E. 111.

Religion---Confucians.

This ancient empire is 1450 miles long, and 1260 broad, and is divided into 15 provinces. It is celebrated for its immense and industrious population, for the variety of its manufactures, and peculiar productions, for the excellence of its inland navigation, and for its jealous policy towards other nations. The imperial canal intersects China from north to south, and employed thirty thousand men 43 years, for its construction.---Lord Macartney, as Ambassador of Great Britain, arrived at Pekin, their capital, Aug. 21, 1793.

ASIA.

INDIA IN GENERAL

Is divided into three great parts, 1st, The Peninsula beyond the Ganges---2d, The Main Land of Hindoostan---3d, The Peninsula within, or this side the Ganges; all of them vast, populous and extended Empires.-----BRITISH INDIA consists of certain immense territories on the banks of the Ganges, of which Calcutta is the capital; of other territories on the coast of Coromandel, of which Madras is the capital; of the newly-acquired Islands of Ceylon and Java, and of the Island of Bombay. The population of Hindoostan subject to Great Britain is 14 millions.

ASIA.

TARTARY.

BOCHARA.

Lat. N. 39. --- Long. E. 63.

Religion---Mahometans.

This extensive region is in length 3000 miles,
and in breadth 1080; and was the seat of the
most ancient Persian kingdom. Samarcand is
the chief city, and was the imperial seat of
Tamerlane the Great. The present inhabitants
are mostly itinerant shepherds and herdsmen,
and the land produces chiefly pasture for their
flocks and cattle; they compose innumerable
tribes, who range at pleasure in the old patriar-
chal manner. The country of Usbec Tartary
was once a more powerful empire than that of
Rome, or Greece.

# ASIA.

## PERSIA.

### ISPAHAN.

Lat. N. 32. 30.---Long. E. 51.

Religion---Mahometans.

Persia is in length 1300 miles, and in breadth 1100. The Persian Empire succeeded the Assyrian or Babylonian. Cyrus laid its foundation about 556 years before Christ, and it ended in the person of Darius, who was conquered by Alexander the Great. The manufactures of Persia are, painted cotton, silk, gold and silver lace, carpets and embroideries. The English exchange woollen cloth for their raw and wrought silks, carpets, &c. but the trade is carried on by European shipping, having scarcely any of their own.

ASIA.

ARABIA.

MECCA.

Lat. N. 21. --- Long. E. 41.

Religion—Mahometans.

The Arabians are in general such robbers, that travellers and pilgrims are struck with terror when they approach this country. In the deserts strangers are guided by the stars and compass, as mariners are at sea. Arabia is divided into three parts, Arabia Stony, Arabia the Desert, and Arabia Happy; and is 1300 miles long, and 1200 broad. Between the narrow branches of the N. extremity of the Red Sea, are Mount Sinai, and Mount Horeb. In Stony Arabia formerly stood the magnificent city of Palmyra.

AFRICA.

AFRICAN ISLANDS.

These are, 1, Zocotra, 80 miles long, and 54 broad---2, Babelmandel, at the entrance of the Red Sea---3, Comora, these are five in number---4, Madagascar, the largest of the African Islands 1000 miles long, and 300 broad---5, Mauritius, 150 miles in circumference---6, Bourbon, 90 miles in circumference---7, St, Helena, about 21 miles in circumference---8, Ascension, St. Matthew, St. Thomas, Anaboa, Princes Island, and Fermandopo; all discovered by the Portuguese ---9, Cape Verd Islands, discovered by ditto---10, Canaries, discovered by the Spaniards---11, Madeira, 75 miles long, and 60 broad---12, Azores, or the Western Islands.

AFRICA.

CAFFRARIA.

Is computed to be 700 miles long, and 660
broad; and is divided into several territories
and kingdoms, of which little is known. The
huts of the Caffrees are strong and compact,
covered both within and without with a mixture
of earth, clay, and cow-dung: the door-way is
so low that you must crawl on your hands and
knees to enter the dwelling; which makes it
easier to defend themselves against animals or
the attacks of an enemy. The men are well
proportioned, and shew great courage in attack-
ing lions or any beasts of prey.

AFRICA.

HOTTENTOTS.

The Country of the Hottentots is a large region in the southern extremity of Africa. The natives are extremely fond of hunting, in which exercise they shew great dexterity. They rear great numbers of sheep and oxen, but they neither sow nor plant, nor have they the least notion of agriculture. They besmear their bodies all over with fat mixed with soot, after which they perfume themselves with a powder of herbs, which they scatter over their heads and bodies, rubbing it all over them when they besmear themselves.

AMERICA.

SOUTH AMERICA

Comprehends Terra-firma, Guiana, Amazonia, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Chili, and Patagonia.

This country is best known for its gold and silver mines, which have been wonderfully productive to Spain; the choicest gums and drugs are likewise found in various parts of this extensive continent. The southern extremity of South America is Patagonia, a desolate country, inhabited by savage Indians, many of whom are of a gigantic size. In Chili it never rains, but the dews of night supply the want of it.

AMERICA.

WEST-INDIA ISLANDS.

The most important of these islands are Cuba,
Porto Rico, St. Domingo, and Jamaica.

The Caribee Islands extend from Tobago in
the South to the Virgin Isles in the North.

The British Isles are Jamaica, Barbadoes,
Antigua, St. Kitt's, St. Vincent, Dominica,
Grenada, Trinidad, Monserat, Nevis, and the
Virgin Isles.

The French Islands are Martinique, St. Lucie,
Guadaloupe, and Tobago.

The Danish are St. Croix and St. Thomas.

The Swedes, St. Bartholomew. And

The Dutch, Eustatia.

AMERICA.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

The territory of the United States is in length 1250 miles, and 1040 in breadth, and consists of sixteen independent States; these are classed in three grand divisions, as follow.

*New England, or Northern States*---Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, including the district of the Maines, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.

*Middle States*---New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

*Southern States*---Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee.

The city of Washington is the seat of Congress.

AMERICA.

BRITISH AMERICA

Comprehends New Britain, Canada or the
Province of Quebec, and Nova Scotia.

*New Britain*, or the country lying round Hudson's-bay, is extremely barren, and its tremendous mountains are covered with eternal snow.

*Canada*; the severity of the winter here is so excessive from December to April, that the greatest rivers are frozen over.

*Nova Scotia*; this country is rather unfavourable to European constitutions, being wrapped up in the gloom of a fog during great part of the year, and for four or five months it is intensely cold.