well are state.

## NATIONAL ASSISTANCE

Mr. Powell had even boasted that more people were now on national assistance than in 1952. " And he is right. At the end of 1959 two and a half million people had been driven back to national assistance — the highest number in the board's history.

"There are, in fact, two sides to this Government policy which we are fighting. First, they charge more for the social services and provide benefits so low that more people are forced on to national assistance. Second, they use what they save in this way to transfer the tax burden from the rich to the poor."

## THIRTEEN IN COURT AFTER CLASH

### GREEK CYPRIOT SENT TO PRISON

Arrested during a clash between police and demonstrators who were marching towards the Belgian Embassy in Eaton Square, Belgravia, W., 12 men and a housewife, aged 17, who denied the charges, appeared on remand before Mr. Paul Bennett, V.C., at Marlborough Street Magistrates' Court yesterday.

For obstructing a police officer, James Plant, aged 26, commercial artist, of Moorhouse Road, Paddington, W.; Kanapathy Vijayam, aged 32, student, of Shoot-up Hill, Cricklewood, N.W.; Edward Lamin, aged 27, student, of Blythe Road, West Kensington, W.; and Michael Adrian Van Der Poorten, aged 30, company director, of Clapham High Street, S.W., were each fined £5; Basil Jenkins, aged 22, factory hand, of Little Oxhey Lane, South Oxhey, Hertfordshire, and Frederick McMahon, aged 19, clerk, of no fixed abode, were each fined £3; Emmanuel Benjamin Okorafor, aged 32, student, of Granville Road, Finsbury Park, N., and Ronald Henry Pittman, aged 41, toolmaker, of Buckland Way, Worcester Park, Surrey, were each fined 40s.; and the housewife, Mrs. Rita Ann Kennedy, of Salisbury Court, Spur Road, Edgware, Middlesex, was discharged absolutely.

Joseph O'Connor, aged 46, electrician, of Trebovir Road, Earls Court, S.W., was fined £5 for insulting behaviour, and Prabhaker Ram Gopal, aged 28, student, of Kilburn Park Road, Kilburn, N.W., who denied shouting: "On to the Embassy!"

The dirty fascist — !" "Fascist murderers", and "Gestapo police!" was fined £10 for threatening behaviour.

For assaulting a mounted policeman by striking and prodding with a banner pole the officer and his mount, which was badly bruised, Andreas Panayiotok, aged 23, a Greek Cypriot fitter, of Whitecross Street, E.C., was sent to prison for three months, and denied the charge and said he

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Box 2078, Boston 6 • Richmond 2-4200

Citizen
BELMONT, Mass.

Weekly

Circ. 4,079

MAR 3 1961

Kissinger Made
Presidential
Consultant

Appointment of Dr. Henry A. Kissinger of 104 Fletcher rd. as a part-time consultant to President Kennedy in the area of national security was announced Monday by the White House.

The Harvard associate professor of government and author, who is recognized as one of the nation's foremost experts on foreign policy and defense, reportedly had previously turned down offers of two different fulltime Washington jobs on the assistant secretary level.

It was indicated that Dr. Kissinger will work along with his Harvard colleague, McGeorge Bundy, who is Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.

made.

Prof. Kissinger
Now Consultant
To Kennedy

WASHINGTON, Feb. 27 (UPI). —President Kennedy announced Monday he has appointed Prof. Henry A. Kissinger of Harvard, an expert on defense and foreign policy, as a part-time consultant on national security problems.

A White House statement said Prof. Kissinger, thirty-seven, will advise the President "on specific questions on which the White House asks for his views." He will work with McGeorge Bundy—also a Harvard man—who is the President's special assistant on national security affairs.

In 1958 Prof. Kissinger wrote "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy," a book which was required reading for defense and foreign policy planners in Washington. He is an associate professor of government at Harvard.

In another action Monday Mr. Kennedy appointed Col. Richard G. Stilwell to be commandant of the cadets at the United States Military Academy, beginning in July. He was chosen to succeed Brig. Gen. Charles W. G. Rich, who is to be reassigned. Mr. Kennedy nominated Col. Stilwell for promotion to brigadier general on Feb. 6.

world, including Asia, Africa and Latin America."

## Routine F. B. I. Check

At another point, Rep. Halpern's wire asked: "Why negate our professed goals? Could an African involved in negotiations with an individual who directed political campaigns of candidates espousing subjugation of the Negro race, and other aspects of racism, feel that his cause is being fairly treated?"

Mr. Meriwether's selection for a bank directorship was first announced by President Kennedy on Jan. 30. Meantime, before his actual nomination went to the Senate, a routine F. B. I. investigation of him was conducted.

Asked today whether that examination had been satisfactory, Pierre Salinger, Mr. Kennedy's press secretary, replied: "I take it to be the case."

## Asks "Searching Study"

The results did not satisfy Rep. Halpern, however, for he concluded his telegram to the President by saying: "I would ask that a searching study be made on all aspects of these charges and Mr. Meriwether's qualifications in general."

Active in his home state's Democratic politics for many years, Mr. Meriwether has served as president of the Alabama Education Authority and as State Director of Finance.

His nomination will be referred to the Senate Banking and Currency Committee, headed by Sen. A. Willis Robertson, D., Va.

London Times MAN IN THE NEWS

PROFESSOR OF 37 JOINS WHITE
HOUSE PANEL OF THINKERS

From Our Washington Correspondent

Perhaps the strangest market to be exploited here in recent years deals in ideas, especially for defence. War is, of course, a complex business nowadays, but it would appear that admirals and generals are just too busy to think. Millions of dollars are spent each year for advice and ideas not only in the development of weapons but also in strategy and wherever imagination has not yet been replaced by electronic computers.

President Kennedy, who does most of his own thinking and reading, also likes to talk with men who think. There is an impressive panel of them in the White House, and to it has been added this week Professor Henry A. Kissinger, of Harvard University, author of *Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy* and, more recently, *The Necessity for Choice*. Professor Kissinger, who is only 37, was voted the most outstanding young man of 1958 by the United States Junior Chamber of Commerce. In Washington he is known as the " Kissinger of death ".

Professor Kissinger was born in Fürth, Bavaria, on May 27, 1923, and arrived in the United States with his parents in 1938. He served in the Army during the war, was decorated, and discharged with the rank of staff sergeant. A brilliant career at Harvard followed, and he was awarded the Summer Prize for the best dissertation on means and measures tending towards the prevention of war and the establishment of universal peace.

HARVARD LOYALTY

The subject was tackled with typical thoroughness, and the award led to a Harvard instructorship, consultative posts in the Pentagon and the directorship of Harvard defence studies programme among other academic trappings and jobs. After the election the State Department offered to retain him on a full-time basis, but his first loyalty remained with Harvard. He finally accepted an offer from President Kennedy to come

down to the White House from time to time to join in the "bull sessions" the President has with his advisers between appointments and over meals, and to work on special projects with the assistance of his Harvard group.

As study director of a project begun in 1954 by the Council on Foreign Relations to seek an answer to the threat of Soviet action, Professor Kissinger wrote *Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy*. The alternative to allowing the Soviet Union to extend its empire piecemeal, he wrote, was not only to meet an all-out attack with an all-out counter-attack, but to meet limited aggression with limited warfare, using all the appropriate weapons, including tactical nuclear weapons.

DANGERS RECOGNIZED

Professor Kissinger was only 31 when these studies were begun, but his books made an enormous impact here, and the theory of the graduated deterrent was formalized as a principle of western strategy. The principle was not universally accepted, but he thought that a nuclear strategy offered the best prospect of offsetting Sino-Soviet manpower and exploiting the west's superior industrial capacity to the best advantage.

A retreat from such a radical nuclear strategy was inevitable, and in his latest book, *The Necessity for Choice*, Professor Kissinger recognizes the dangers and argues for greater use of conventional forces. While the need for forces capable of fighting limited nuclear war still exists, he believes that the conventional capabilities of the free world should be of such a size that a nuclear defence becomes the last and not the only recourse.

NEW APPROACH

The new approach was influenced by the military and allied disagreement about the nature of limited war, growth of the Soviet nuclear stockpile, and the impact of arms control negotiations. As he sees it, the first raises doubts as to whether nuclear war can be limited, the second alters the nuclear balance, and the third influences the conduct of strategy and determines the political cost.

If Professor Kissinger was slow to accept the forceful arguments he now recognizes, it must be remembered that he and other cold war scholars are among the first to attempt definitions of the dilemmas posed by nuclear weapons.

wellfare state.

## NATIONAL ASSISTANCE

Mr. Powell had even boasted that more people were now on national assistance than in 1952. "And he is right. At the end of 1959 two and a half million people had been driven back to national assistance —the highest number in the board's history.

The dirty fascist —!" "Fascist murderers", and "Gestapo police!" was fined £10 for threatening behaviour.

For assaulting a mounted policeman by striking and prodding with a banner pole the officer and his mount, which was badly bruised, Andreas Panayiotok, aged 23, a Greek Cypriot fitter, of Whitecross Street, E.C., was sent to prison for three months. Panayiotok denied the charge and said he

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Copy that lusciously warm, got oil fired central heating fire with the sort of terms an April for a big surprise about how

New England Newsclip Agency, Inc.
Box 2078, Boston 6 • RICHMOND 2-4200

Citizen
BELMONT, Mass.
Weekly Circ. 4,079

FEB 10 1961

Kissinger to Participate in Nuclear Debate

On Wednesday, Feb. 15, at 8 p.m. at New England Mutual Hall, Boston the Greater Boston Committee for a sane Nuclear Policy will present the first in a series of three debates on major aspects of national security.

Arms Control vs. Disarmament will be discussed by a distinguished panel. Advocating world disarmament with inspection and control will be Norman Thomas, member of the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy and author of "Prospectives for Peace," and Seymour Melman, professor of economics at Columbia University and author of "Inspection for Disarmament" and "Disarmament or Defeat."

Favoring arms control will be Henry A. Kissinger of Belmont, associate professor of government at Harvard, associate director of the Center for International Affairs, director of the Defense Studies Program and executive director of the Harvard International Seminar. Dr. Kissinger who met with President Kennedy and high officials in Washington Friday and Saturday, is author of "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy" and the recently published "The Necessity for Choice: Prospects for American Foreign Policy." Joining him will be Dr. Thomas C. Schelling, professor of economics and associate of the Center for International Affairs at Harvard. His publications include "International Economics" and "The Strategy of Conflict." Louis Lyons, curator of Nieman Fellowships at Harvard and news analyst for WGBH-FM and TV will be the moderator.

New England Newsclip Agency, Inc.
Box 2078, Boston 6 • RI Richmond 2-4200

Citizen
BELMONT, Mass.

Weekly Circ. 4,079

FEB 24 1961

Kissinger to Address (cc)
Economy Club Monday
Evening at Cambridge

Henry A. Kissinger, faculty member of the Center for International Affairs and associate professor of the Department of Government at Harvard University, will address the Economy Club of Cambridge at the Hotel Commander on Monday evening, Feb. 27. The subject of Mr. Kissinger's talk is "Problems before American Foreign Policy."

Mr. Kissinger, author of many books and seen locally on recent television debates, has recently returned from Europe and Asia and will report first-hand impressions of the situations we as a nation face in the world. He will expand on his latest book, published in January by Harpers, entitled "Necessity for Choice."

His forthright manner of delivery and broad knowledge of many fields makes Mr. Kissinger one of the most sought after speakers in the nation. There will be a limited question period after the scheduled address, according to Frederick H. Nickels, president of the Economy Club and a Fletcher rd. neighbor of the speaker.

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Great Falls (Mont.) Tribune
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1961

## Less Illusion Urged

Now that Henry A. Kissinger, Harvard historian, is a White House advisor, his writings on foreign and defense policies are bound to get a lot more attention than in the past.

Kissingner is not optimistic about America's present standing in the world, nor about the West's standing in competition with the Communist bloc.

His new book, "The Necessity of Choice," like his earlier book, "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy," raises many new questions for America.

The answer to our political problems, he writes, "is not to be found in reducing

our defenses—for even here more effort and imagination are required—but in injecting a greater sense of purpose into our over-all performance."

While "our margin of survival" has narrowed, the possibility of choice still remains. In Kissinger's view, we still can shape our future, but only if we give up our illusions, learn that we are not omnipotent, admit that we are no longer invulnerable, be prepared to face complexity and "do not delude ourselves about the gravity of our position."

Kissinger shows no reluctance to attack accepted popular slogans and beliefs in either the military or political field. Thus he feels that the notion that there is only one form of deterrence—the threat of nuclear retaliation — must be abandoned. Why? Largely because it leaves us open to blackmail when we are unwilling to use nuclear weapons.

Critical of our own lack of preparedness, he also criticizes our allies. Thus he says that in European countries, the contribution to NATO has become almost the first item to be reduced when budgetary retrenchment takes place. This, he comments dryly, implies "a strange set of priorities: present comfort takes precedence over ultimate survival."

Its importance for maintaining
peace but also materially and
through aggressive command
policies.

At present, the United Na-
tions command has an interna-
tional force of 16,500 men. Fif-
teen thousand are combat-type
troops and the others are en-
gaged in policing activities.

The Congolese Government,
under President Joseph Kasa-
vubu, has about 15,000 troops.
They are armed with rifles and
machine guns and have light
transport, chiefly jeeps and
trucks. This force controls
about 50 per cent of the terri-
tory of the Congo, including the
capital, Leopoldville, a modern
city whose airfield can accom-
modate any type of plane, in-
cluding big jet airliners. Leo-
poldville's port, Matadi, 180
miles down the Congo River,
has facilities for ocean-going
ships.

Gizenga Has 6,000 Soldiers

The regime of Antoine Gizenga, a lieutenant of the slain former Premier, Patrice Lumumba, controls Eastern and Kivu Provinces. It has its headquarters at Stanleyville, capital of Eastern province, and is also dominant in Bukavu, the Kivu capital. Mr. Gizenga's regime, with about 6,000 troops, is believed to have been getting some arms from Communist sources, with the assistance of the United Arab Republic.

The government of Moise Tshombe at Elisabethville, in secessionist Katanga Province, a well-developed and rich mining area, has about 5,000 troops, including many Belgian mercenaries as officers. This force is believed to be fairly well trained.

A fourth major grouping,
with 1,000 troops, is that under
Albert Kalonji, a Baluba chief
who controls the secessionist
area of South Kasai, ajoining
Katanga, and is also opposed to
the pro-Lumumba forces.

These groupings are not co-

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