( 469 )

He is in love with her.
A room six yards long.
A battalion a thousand men strong.
In one jump.
In time of peace.
He died a year afterwards to the
very day.
The windows look into the garden.
He looked out of the window.
Once a week.
Twice a year.
He fired at him.
A battalion is drawn up in line.
A book folio size.
He puts me down as nothing at all.

Опъ вюблёопъ въ неё.
Комната длипю въ шесть ърдовъ.
Батальопъ въ тъсячу человѣкъ.
Въ одинъ прыжокъ.
Во время мира.
Онъ ўмеръ годъ спустя день въ день.
Окна выходятъ въ садъ.
Опъ смотрѣть въ окно.
Разъ въ педѣлю.
Два рада въ годъ.
Онъ въстрѣянъ въ него.
Батальонъ построеń въ липю.
Книга въ листъ.
Онъ меня нп во что не ставить.

### OBS. 1.—Nouns designating state or rank of a person, when preceded by въ, are put in the plural, and being in this case treated as collective nouns take the inflexion of the nominative, as :

He is promoted to the rank of major.
He took her for a wife.
They elected him as their chief.
He enlisted for a soldier.

Онъ пропведёнъ въ майоры.
Онъ взялъ её себя въ жёны.
Онъ выбрали его себя въ начальники
Онъ записался въ солдаты.

## Behind, beyond, for,

He went out of the gate.
We are going abroad.
He took her by the hand.
He always espouses the cause of the
innocent.
He took vengeance on him for the
offence.
I live three miles off.
This took place an hour ago—a week
ago.

## За (movement).

Онъ въшелъ за ворота.
Мы ёдемъ за границу.
Онъ взялъ его за руку.
Онъ всегда заступается за невын-
наго.
Онъ емъ отомстятъ за обиду.
Я живу за три мили.
Это случайно за часъ передъ симъ,
за педѣлю.

( 472 )

I measured up to this point.
Each one received a rouble.
They live on the other side of the
river.
He is standing on my right.

About,
He is about my size.
A grain as small as a pin's head.
I stayed there for about a week.

Of, about,
He spoke aside.
He spoke of you.
Through,
The water sinks through the paper.
The light comes through the glass
door.
The grass is seen through the fence.

Through, by,
He rode across the field and I went
over the bridge.
He jumped across the ditch.
I will come in an hour's time.
We advertised it in the papers.
I sent it by a servant.
In a hundred years from to-day.

To tuck up, to turn up,
To make an offer, to ask in
marriage,
To rush after,
To take a situation,
To mend.

Я отмѣрилъ по это мѣсто.
Каждый получилъ по рублю.
Онъ живѣтъ по ту стóрону рѣкъй
Опъ стойтъ по прáвую рýку.

Сь.
Онъ рóстомъ съ меня.
Зерпó съ булáвочную головку.
Я прóбылъ тамъ съ недéю.

Про (used instead of для,
for or o, объ, about).
Опъ говорилъ про себя.
Опъ говорилъ про васъ.

СКВОЗЬ.
Водá протекáсть сквозь бумáгу.
Свѣтъ проаетъ сквозь стеклáную
дверь.
Зéлень вднá сквозь забóрь.

Чрезъ, чéрезъ.
Онъ халъ чéрезъ пóле, а я чéрезъ
мoстъ.
Онъ перепрýгнулъ чéрезъ ровъ.
Я придý чéрезъ часъ.
Мы объявýли чéрезъ газéты.
Я послálъ чéрезъ слугý.
Чéрезъ сто лътъ отъ сегo дня.

Засýчивать, р. а. засýчить.
Свáтаться за, } with the
Посвáтаться, р. а. } acc.
Бросáться за, } with the
Брósиться, р. а. } instr.
Паппмáться, р. а. папáться.
Чопáть, р. а. почопáть

( 473 )

To erect. Сооружать, р. а. сооружить.
To give leave of absence. Отпускать, р. а. отпустить.
To tear. Драть, р. а. разодрать, изодрать.
A range of mountains. Царь горь.
A great general. Славный полководец.

Unpleasantness, неприятность. An instructor, пасташикъ.
A chest of drawers, комодъ. A ditch, ровъ.

## EXERCISE CXXVI.

Did he enter the room?—He has been a long time in the room already.—Were there many guests there?—There were about ten men.—Were they a long time in building this shed?—They were about a week building it.—What have you torn your coat against?—Against a nail.—Take it to the tailor towards evening, but do not pay him for mending it, as he owes me about ten roubles.—On the right there was a river flowing, and on the left a range of mountains was seen.—What did he pay for the horse which he bought for his daughter?—It cost him about £300. Does it match his other horse in size?—It matches his other horse both in size and colour.—If you want to wash yourself turn up your sleeves to the elbow.—Have you been staying long in town?—Since the 5th November.—Has your brother made an offer to our neighbour's daughter?—I know that he is in love with her, but I cannot say whether he has made her an offer.—What did they prize him for? For diligence.—Has the tailor been here?—Yes, the tailor came here two hours ago.—Put the bracelet on the table. It is lying on the chest of drawers.—What price are these cigars?—Threepence each.—Did he get leave of absence from school for a long time?—For two days.

( 474 )

## EXERCISE CXXVII.

Is your brother tall? — He is about my uncle's size. — We have snow still lying in March, but in southern countries about this time the fields are covered with grass. — Where did this little dog rush to after the kitten? — He rushed after it under the table. — What is your uncle's age? — He is getting on to fifty. — Whither did he throw the stone? He threw it into the water. — What did you hear about him? I do not like to say of people that which I have not seen myself, but only heard. — These panes are so dirty that light can hardly come through (проникать) them. — After having crossed the bridge, they had to jump across a deep ditch. — In whose memory is this monument erected? — In memory of the great general Koutousoff. — When will he be at your house? — In five days' time. — Through whom did this unpleasantness arise (выйти)? — Through him. What are they doing? — They are playing at cards. — Whom do you take as your instructor? — Your former teacher. Was he wounded? — Yes, he was wounded in the leg. Whom do you take as your witness? — I take you as my witness. — What is your brother doing now? — He took a situation as clerk.

## SIXTY-THIRD LESSON.

### Шестьдесят третий Уропь.

### PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE INSTRUMENTAL.

Beyond, behind, За.
In answer to the question

#### WHERE?

The sea is beyond the hills.

I stand behind the house.

Мóре за горáми.

Я стою за дómомъ.

( 475 )

## ON WHOSE ACCOUNT?

The delay is caused by him alone.
One hears nothing for the noise.
Why did you not come ?
Because it was impossible.

За нимъ одинъмъ остановка.

За шүмомъ иначею не слышно.

За чёмъ ты не пришёлъ ?

За тёмъ что пельзай.

## AT WHAT ?

He was sitting at his work.

He was sitting at his meal.

Онъ сидѣлъ за рабоюю.

Онъ сидѣлъ за столомъ.

## BEHIND OR AFTER, WHOM OR WHAT?

Walk behind me.

Shot after shot is heard.

He went to find a doctor.

Ступайте за мною.

Слышень выстрѣлъ за выстрѣююмъ.

Онъ пошёлъ за докторомъ.

## FOR WHAT PURPOSE? (used instead of Для).

Why are you here ?

On my own business.

За чёмъ ты здѣсь.

За своймъ дѣююмъ.

## Over, on, upon,

The bird hovers over her nest.

I experienced it myself.

The rock overhangs the water.

He gets the upper hand of him.

We laughed at him.

They gained a victory over the enemy.

## Under, underneath,

The bird built her nest beneath the roof.

The dog is lying under the table.

He is known by the name of Smith.

He stood at the foot of the hill.

She was under his protection.

## Надъ.

Нтйпа летаетъ надъ гнѣздомъ.

Я испыталъ это надъ собою.

Скалá выставилась надъ водою.

Онъ берётъ верхъ надъ нимъ.

Мы смѣялись надъ нимъ.

Опй одержáлън побѣду надъ непріятелемъ.

## Подъ (implying rest).

Птйца свпя гнѣздо подъ крышей.

Собáка лежитъ подъ столомъ.

Онъ извѣстень подъ юменемъ Шмйта.

Онъ стоялъ подъ горою.

Она была подъ его защитою.

( 477 )

He is in debt.
He was caught in the act of stealing.
At the head of the army.
He is invited.
We were made fools of.
He stood before ladies with his hat
and gloves on.
He wears spectacles.
He came in the beginning of the
year.
What o'clock is it?
Just struck nine.
Just upon two o'clock.
Between twelve and one.
He arrived in the early part of
September.
There will be a fine harvest this
year.

On, upon,

He is lying on a sofa upstairs.
He has been at sea.
There are stars in the heavens.
I am in the service.
The soldier is on sentry duty.
We were in the open air.
Last week.
He saw a good many things in his
lifetime.

About, concerning,

He spoke about me.
He writes upon the war.
A three-legged stool.
He came about holiday-time.

After, according-

On entering church.
After the death of Alexander.

Онъ въ долгахъ.
Онъ поймалъ въ воровсть.
Во главѣ войска.
Опъ позванъ въ гостп.
Мы остались въ дуракахъ.
Онъ стоялъ передъ дамам въ шляпѣ
п въ перчátкахъ.
Онъ въ очкахъ.
Онъ пріѣхалъ въ началѣ года.

Котóрый часъ.
Въ началѣ десátый.
Второй въ исходѣ.
Въ пérвомъ часу.
Онъ пріѣхалъ въ пérвыхъ чísлахъ
сентябрí.
Въ пыпешнемъ году бýдетъ хорó-
шая жатва.

На, (implying rest).

Онъ спдитъ па верху па диванѣ.
Онъ служилъ на морѣ.
На пέοѣ звѣзды.
Я пахожусь на слѣжоб.
Солдатъ стойтъ па часахъ.
Мы были на вбздухъ.
На прōшлой педѣлѣ.
Онъ вѣдѣлъ многое на своёмъ вѣкѣ.

O.

Онъ говорилъ обо мнѣ.
Онъ писалъ о войнѣ.
Стулъ о трёхъ ножкахъ.
Онъ прѣхалъ о праздинкахъ.

По.

По вѣздѣ въ пérьковь.
По смěрти Александра.

( 478 )

The son inherited the estate from
his father.

She lamented her late husband.

In my opinion.

Near, in the time of,

St. Petersburg lies near the mouth
of the Neva.

A parcel was sent with the letter.

He is a servant of mine.

This happened in my presence.

In the reign of Alexander the
Second the peasants were freed
from serfdom.

He was present at the taking of the
fortress.

He shudders at the bare idea of it.

He is at his hour of death.

To take shelter,

To be exposed,

To shudder,

To establish,

To view,

To take a stroll,

To reign, наретвовать.

To labour, трудиться.

The besieger, осаждающий.

Want, передатокъ.

Willingness, охóта.

A dispatch, депéша.

A medium, средина.

A table of contents, оглавление.

Augustus, Августъ.

A consul, консульт.

Сыпъ по отцѣ наслѣдовалъ пмѣпѣ.

Она плакала по своёмъ мүжѣ.

По мнѣ.

При.

Петербургъ при ýстьѣ Невый.

При письмѣ отправлена послѣка.

Опъ при мнѣ лаксемъ.

Это случайось при мнѣ.

При Александѣ Второмъ освобожденный крестьянѣ.

Онъ былъ при взятіи крѣпости.

Онъ содрагается при мысли о томъ.

Онъ при смерти.

Укрываться, р. а. укрыться.

Подвергаться, govern the
Подвёргнуться, dative.

Содрагаться, р. а. содрог
пѣться.

Учреждать, р. а. учредить.

Обозрѣвать, р. а. обозрѣть.

Прохаживатьсь по, with the
dat.

To march, пати.

To be situated, находиться.

The besieged, осажденный.

Superfluity, излишество.

Experiment, опытъ.

A declaration, объявление.

A brink, країв.

A preface, предисловіе.

Tiberius, Тиберий.

Bernard, БернARDЪ.

Fasces, орудія карáтельныя.

( 479 )

## EXERCISE CXXVIII.

Have you been out of town to-day?—No, I could not go out on account of the rain.—Why did you not go in a coach then?—Because coaches were not to be had.—Have you been sitting down a long time at drawing?—For about an hour.—What were they talking about at dinner?—That after the despatch the declaration of war will follow.—Are the things you sent for brought?—They will be brought in an hour.—Hold the umbrella over my head, because both my hands are occupied.—What are you labouring over? I am making an experiment on this medicine.—Do not stand on the brink of the precipice, or you will fall into it. With whom were you at his house.—With two friends. Where were you at the time it rained.—I took shelter under the porch.—On what pretext did he leave the room.—He left on the pretext that an organ was playing under the window.—Were the beseigers standing a long time close on to the town.—For about a month.—Where is your market situated?—In the square in front of the church. Lictors were marching in front of the consul carrying the fasces.—What were you doing before dinner?—I was taking a stroll in the town.—There is a medium between want and superfluity.—We are now hovering (находиться) between fear and hope.—With willingness and diligence one succeeds in everything; but without those qualities all efforts are useless.—Of what crime is he accused?—He is accused of theft.

## EXERCISE CXXIX.

Is it true that you were walking in the garden without a hat and without boots?—No, I was walking with my hat

( 480 )

and boots on.—In the beginning of winter it is still dark at half-past four in the morning, but in the beginning of summer daybreak begins soon after two.—Are horses sold here every day?—No, only in the first days of each month. At the very idea of the danger to which his son was exposed he shuddered:—From what spot did you view the suburbs of the town?—From the hill.—When did you ascend the Mount St. Bernard?—Last week.—Is the fire-wood burning in the stove?—Yes, but badly; one should put (подложить) some fresh dry wood on.—Who reigned after the death of Augustus?—Tiberius.—For whom are you in mourning?—For my parents.—Is there a table of contents to the book?—Yes, and there is also a preface.—How many legs has this stool?—Three.—Did this happen before witnesses.—No, without them.—When was the Senate first established in Russia?—In the reign of Peter the Great. Are there any paintings (живопись) on the walls and ceiling of that church?—Yes, the walls and ceiling are painted by the celebrated French artist, Horace Vernet.

## SIXTY-FOURTH LESSON.

### ШЕСТЬ ДЕССАЛТЬ ЧЕТВЁРТЫЙ УРÓК.

Words which govern by means of prepositions may be divided into compound and simple words.

A. Compound verbs, as also their derivatives, are generally followed by the same preposition as the one prefixed to them, provided that it is susceptible of being used separately.

( 481 )

Thus verbs with the prefix :

<table><tr><td>Въ</td><td>require въ:</td><td>вънестъ съ дочъ, to bring into the house.</td></tr><tr><td>До</td><td>„ до:</td><td>дойтъ дой дому, to go as far as the house.</td></tr><tr><td>За</td><td>„ за:</td><td>зайтъ за уголъ, to go round the corner.</td></tr><tr><td>Изъ</td><td>„ изъ:</td><td>избрать изъ мнѣжества, to select from a quantity.</td></tr><tr><td>На</td><td>„ на:</td><td>наѣхать, на мель, to run on a shoal.</td></tr><tr><td>Надъ</td><td>„ надъ:</td><td>надзирать, надъ дѣюмъ, to superintend an affair.</td></tr><tr><td>Отъ</td><td>„ отъ:</td><td>отойтъ отъ стола, to withdraw from a table.</td></tr><tr><td>Подъ</td><td>„ подъ:</td><td>подюжить подъ сукно, to lay under a cloth.</td></tr><tr><td>Со</td><td>„ со:</td><td>сойтъ съ горы, to descend a hill.</td></tr></table>

Entry into the house is prohibited.

The superintendence of this matter
is entrusted to me.

The descent down the hill is very
steep.

Входъ въ дочъ запрешёнъ.

Надзёръ надъ ѳтимъ поручёнъ мнѣ.

Сходъ съ горы ѳчень крути.

Compound verbs with inseparable prefixes, i. e. those
which modify the meaning, require after them some sepa-
rable preposition whose meaning is allied to that of the
verbal prefix; such are:

<table><tr><td>Изъ</td><td>requires</td><td>отъ:</td><td>избавить отъ бѣдні, to deliver from trouble.</td></tr><tr><td>Низъ</td><td>”</td><td>съ:</td><td>нпзлетѣть съ высоты, to fly down from a height.</td></tr><tr><td>Подъ</td><td>”</td><td>къ:</td><td>подойтъ къ дому, to draw up to the house.</td></tr><tr><td>”</td><td>”</td><td>съ:</td><td>подпать съ поль, to lift from the floor.</td></tr><tr><td>”</td><td>”</td><td>на:</td><td>подпать на возвухъ, to lift up in the air.</td></tr><tr><td>Пере</td><td>”</td><td>черезъ:</td><td>перейтъ чёрезъ мостъ, to go over the bridge.</td></tr><tr><td>При</td><td>”</td><td>къ:</td><td>прийтъ къ дрѣгу, to come to a friend.</td></tr><tr><td>Про</td><td>”</td><td>сквозь:</td><td>пройтъ сквозь огнь, to pass through fire.</td></tr><tr><td>Разъ</td><td>”</td><td>на:</td><td>разломить на чástі, to break to pieces.</td></tr><tr><td>”</td><td>”</td><td>по:</td><td>размѣщать по уголамъ, to place in the corners.</td></tr></table>

B. Of the simple words governing by means of prepo-
sitions the most important are :

GOVERNING THE GENITIVE.

With изъ.—Adjectives in the superlative degree, nu-
merals, as also the pronouns всякъ, каждый, пись, мнѣ,


II

( 482 )

ИКоторые, when they denote a number from which a selection is made:

The most diligent of all pupils.

The best of all.

One of the two will go there.

The second of them will be rewarded.

Every one of us may be a hero.

Many of them lost their lives.

Some of the listeners began to slumber.

Прилёжить въз ученокъвъ.

Лучшій въ всѣхъ.

Одинъ въ двухъ пойдёт туда.

Второй въ нихъ бываетъ награждёнъ.

Всёкий въ насъ моржетъ быть геросемъ.

Многие въ нихъ личность жизни.

Некоторые въ слѣшателей задержали.

With отъ.—Nouns designating protection against something.

A cloak for the rain.

A shelter from a storm.

A medicine for fever.

Плащъ отъ дождя.

Пристань отъ буря.

Лѣкарство отъ лихорадки.

## GOVERNING THE DATIVE.

With къ.—Nouns and verbs denoting movement towards an object.

I am going to him.

He applied to me.

This letter is to my father.

He has a great propensity for music.

He is appointed as secretary to him.

Я пудъ къ нему.

Онъ обратился ко мнѣ.

Это письмо къ моему отцѣ.

У него большая охóта къ музыке.

Онъ пазпаченъ къ нему въ секретарй.

Nouns denoting some pleasing or unpleasing disposition of mind towards an object.

Love and reverence towards parents.

Hatred of lying.

Любовь и почтение къ родителямъ.

Непавысть ко людям.

### OBS. 1.—Verbs from which these nouns are derived govern the accusative without a preposition.

To love and revere parents.

To hate lying.

Любить и почтать родителей.

Ненавидеть ложь.

( 483 )

GOVERNING THE ACCUSATIVE.

With въ.—The substantive вѣра, 'faith,' and its derivatives вѣровать, вѣрующій, вѣрованіе, when speaking of some spiritual object.

Faith in Christ.

I believe in one God the Father.

Вѣра во Христа.

Вѣрую во едінаго Бóга Отцá.

With на.—Neuter verbs expressive of a movement of feeling or passion, as: уповáть, 'to trust;' негодовáть, 'to be indignant;' змóбствовать, 'to bear malice;' роптáть, 'to murmur;' сѣтовать, 'to lament;' and the common verbs—надѣяться, 'to hope;' полагáться, 'to rely;' жáловаться or плакаться, 'to complain;' сердѣться or гнěваться, 'to be angry;' as also their derivatives.

He murmurs at his fate.

To murmur at one's fate is a failing of the weak-minded.

He complains of you.

The complaint about you is already delivered in.

Опъ рóпщетъ на судьбу.

Рóпотъ на судьбу—удѣлъ слáбыхъ.

Опъ жáлуется на васъ.

Жáлоба на васъ ужé пóдана.

GOVERNING THE INSTRUMENTAL.

With падъ.—Nouns and verbs denoting superiority, power or triumph :

He has power over his subjects.

He laughed at the stupid persons.

He gained a brilliant victory over the enemy.

Опъ пыбетъ власть падъ свойми пóддачными.

Опъ смѣялся падъ г.гүпымп.

Опъ одержалъ блестяшую побѣду падъ непрятелемъ.

With съ.—All reciprocal verbs :

They fought the enemy.

We correspond with him.

Опъ сражались съ непрятелемъ.

Мы перепусываемся съ нимъ.

( 484 )

Words designating comparison or resemblance.

He compared me to him.

The resemblance to him was striking.

Онъ сравнілъ меня съ нимъ.

Сходство съ нимъ было поразительно.

GOVERNING THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE.

With o.—Verbs expressing a mental act, communication of ideas, expression of feelings, as also their derivatives :

I have heard of that.

We read about the war.

She is anxious about her son.

Her grief for her son was excessive.

To fight a duel,

To fight with swords,

Я слышалъ о томъ.

Мы читали о войнѣ.

Она безпокойтся о своёмъ сыпѣ.

Ей печаль о сынѣ былá велика.

Драться на дуэли, на поединки.

Биться на шпагахъ.

OBS. 2.—The preposition на when used after the reciprocal verbs биться, сражаться, драться, ‘to fight,’ requires the name of the arm chosen for a duel to be put in the prepositional plural.

They fought a duel with pistols.

We fought with swords.

While, so long as,

Until, so long as,

While you are there I will finish the work.

I will not go there until everything is ready.

Strike the iron while it is hot.

As if, that,

They say he is ruined.

Онъ стрѣлались на пистолетахъ.

Мы бились на шпагахъ.

Покá, покýда.

Покá—не.

Покá вы бýдете тамъ, я окончу разбуту.

Я не пойду тýда, покá всё не бýдетъ готово.

Куй желѣзо покá горячó.

Бýдто, бýдто бы.

Какъ бýдто, какъ бýдто бы.

Говорятъ бýдто онъ разорился

( 485 )

I ask him, and he is as silent as if
he did not hear me.

Have you heard of his becoming a
maniac?

Is it possible?

To arise.

To let out.

To move from.

To be in a reverie.

A poor-box.

Cattle breeding.

Suitable.

Я спрáшиваю егó, а онъ молчитъ,
какъ бýдто бы не слýшитъ менй.

Слышали бы что онъ помѣшался?

Бýдто бы?

Пропсходить, р. а. пропзойтй.

Выпускать, р. а. выпустить.

Сдвигать, р. а. сдвигуть.

Меттать о, with the prep. с.

Ящикъ для бѣдныхъ.

Скотовбдство.

Пригóдный.

## EXERCISE CXXX.

What are you building this shed for?—For (keeping) firewood.—Are these grounds suitable for cattle breeding? No, the soil here is everywhere unfertile, but the lands over the river are capable of agriculture.—Out of what did the quarrel arise?—From his letting the goldfinch out of the cage.—Make (извлекать) all possible use of the talents with which nature has endowed you.—Of what are these beautiful flowers made?—Of wax.—Of how many battalions is this regiment composed?—Of three.—Where did you take shelter from the rain?—Under a tree.—If you wish to get rid of your cold, and, what is more important, of the frequent visits of your doctor, do not go out of doors in damp weather.—Which of these two stones did he move from this spot?—The one which is three paces from us. The journeymen returning from their work entered the church which stands by the river.—After turning round the corner, he came to a poor-box and dropped in a silver coin.—We have goods of Russian manufacture which are sold for English ones.—What was he angry with him for?

( 486 )

For not answering to him his question.—How long shall you wait?—I shall wait till it is finished; I shall not go until everything is finished.

## EXERCISE CXXXI.

Can you change me this note into small money?—I have no small change myself.—Is this novel translated into English?—No, it is translated only into French.—Whom does she resemble?—Her mother.—This kind nurse looks after the children and tends upon their sick mother.—Have they built a hay-loft over the shed?—No, but in a short time they will build one.—Did you compare the translation with the original?—Yes, and I find it very good.—On whom lies the responsibility for losses in (при) the sale of goods?—All the fault lies on him.—Can he play the flute? He can play different instruments.—In what language is this Bible written?—In Hebrew.—What did you ask him about?—I asked him what he is in a reverie about.—Have you picked up the pins from the floor?—I do not see a single pin on the floor.—Have you cut this pie into pieces?—Yes, I have cut it into four pieces.—Is it true that your brother has killed the officer who offended your sister?—My brother fought him a duel with pistols, but he did not kill him, he only wounded him in the arm.

# SIXTY-FIFTH LESSON.

## Шестьдесятъ пятый Урóкъ.

POSITION OF WORDS.—(Размышление Словъ).

Among modern languages the Russian is conspicuous for