April 1, 1963

Dear M. Froment-Meurice:

Due to an incorrect addressing, I fear that an invitation extended several weeks ago may never have reached you. Accordingly, I would at this time again like to invite you to take part in an International Conference on Defense and Strategy, sponsored by the Center for International Affairs, and to be held here in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The plans now are for the conference to extend from the evening of Friday, May 31-June 9.

The purpose is to provide an opportunity for twenty to twenty-five Europeans from government and public life, academic life, and the press to meet with some of the principal American contributors to the field of military strategy, and to discuss problems of mutual concern related to Western Defense. Our aim is to include people who are likely to influence the level of discussion of these problems over the next several years. The number each from Britain, France, and Germany will be about six, plus a smaller number from Italy, Benelux, and the Scandinavian countries. It is our hope that such a meeting would be valuable for all participants.

It would indeed give us pleasure if you could attend; I am sure you would contribute greatly and believe that you would find the time well spent.

The Center will provide for your living expenses while attending the conference. The participants are normally expected to arrange for their travel expenses through their own organization. Should the travel expenses prove any problem, however, I hope that one of the Foundations may be willing to help out.

I very much hope that you will find it feasible to come. If so, we will send you in the near future further information about the program and other participants.

M. Henri Froment-Meurice
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Qual d'Orsay
PARIS, France

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

ROBERT R. BOWIE, Director
ALEX INKELES
HENRY A. KISSINGER
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING

6 DIVINITY AVENUE
CAMBRIDGE 38
MASSACHUSETTS

March 23, 1963

Dear Mac:

At the suggestion of various Europeans, the Center for
International Affairs is planning to hold an International Conference
on Defense and Strategy from May 31-June 9. Here in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.

The purpose is to provide an opportunity for twenty to twenty-five Europeans from government and public life, academic life, and the press to meet with some of the principal American contributors to the field of military strategy, and to discuss problems of mutual concern related to Western Defense. Our aim is to include people who are likely to influence the level of discussion of these problems over the next several years. The number each from Britain, France, and Germany will be about six, plus a smaller number from Italy, Belgium, and the Scandinavian countries. It is our hope that such a meeting would be valuable for all participants.

In addition, we hope to have a few distinguished people for
dinner with the group, to be followed by informal discussion. Would
it be possible for you to come for an evening during this period? If
so, what dates would be most convenient for you?

I very much hope that you will find it feasible to come. If so,
we will send you in the near future further information about the program
and the participants. I look forward to hearing from you.

Mr. McGeorge Bundy
The White House
Washington 25, D.C.

AMERICAN INVITEES X=acceptance

Charles Herzfeld

Malcolm Hoag

Herman Kahn

William W. Kaufmann X

Glenn Kent

Klaus Knorr X second week

Robert E. Osgood

Warner R. Schilling

Marshall Shulman X first week

Glenn Snyder X (tentative) second week

Albert Wohlstetter X first week

Roberta Wohlstetter first week

Thomas Wolfe X second week

SUGGESTIONS RE EUROPEAN SEMINAR PARTICIPANTS

I. Germany

Pheo Somers (good) "De Seight", Hamburg

Eidelberg Einstein

Adelvert Weinstein, Frankfurt, represents Strauss' point of view

Oswald Hirschfeld, weekly radio commentator South German "runkfuhk"

Jaf Risfenberg, Frankfurter correspondent in Washington (recommended
by young German embassy people)

Dieter Cycos, Stuttgart paper

Uwe Nerlich

Franz Josef Strauss

Fritz Erler

Helmut Schmidt

Jaegerdes (sp?) Chairman ? in Bundestag

Dr. Gerhard Stoltenburg, Defense Committee of Parliament; CDU Party
close to Van Hassel

(Dr. Jaeger should be able to suggest younger people)

II. France

Pierre Rosenstiehl

Alain Joxe

Jean Penchais, military correspondent of Le Monde, Gaullist who might
profit by exposure; have him bring one or two colleagues????

Jacques Vernant

E.J. Baude, at same institute as Vernant

Lélay

III. Norway

Erik Klippenburg, Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (Kjeller P.R., Lillestrom, Norway)

IV. United Kingdom

Gordon-Walker

A. Jones

Michael Carey

John Barnes

(Bucken, Healey)

(Bucken, Healey)
John Barnes
Michael Carey
V. Jones
Gordon-McKer

IV. United Kingdom

Rifadatow, Norway

Erif Klibbeurpug, Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (Kjeller P.R.,

III. Norway

FVIOX

E.I. Bange, at same institute as Verner
Jacobsen Verner

Jean Benchace, military correspondent of Le Monde, Camerat who might

Visin Xoxe

Bierre Rosenstiel

II. France

(Dr. Jaeger should be able to arrange accommodation)

close to Van Hassel

Dr. Gerhard Stoltenburg, Defense Committee of Parliament; CDU party

Jaegersee (ahs) Chairman ? in Bundestag

Helmut Schmidt

Frits Eier

Franz Josef Stramaa

Une Merlich

Dieter Cyes, Stuttgart haber

py Konig German empfangs people)

Jag Klaasenperk, Frankfurter correspondent in Washington (recommendee
Oswald Hirschfeld, weekly radio commentator South German "Innkuft".

VdLvert Weinsteins, Frankfurt, represents Stramaa, head of view

Eidelpurg Einstein

Björn Somers (Good) "De Seight", Hamburg

I. Germany

SUGGESTIONS FOR EUROPEAN SEMINAR PARTICIPANTS

CfG

**CANADA**

General E.L.M. **Burns** (Leiss)
Mr. Roger S. **Eaton**, Scientific Intelligence, Defense Research Board (Halperin)
Professor James **Eatrs**, University of Toronto (Holst)
Dr. R.J. **Sutherland**, Head of Operations Research at Canadian Defense Research Board (Holst)

**DENMARK**

Mr. **Fischer**, Permanent Head of Danish Foreign Office (Holst)
Mr. Nils J. **Haagekup**, Information (Buchan)
General Erik **Kragh**, Conservative MP (Seidenfaden)
Dr. Bjarne **Nørretranders**, University of Copenhagen (Seidenfaden)

**FRANCE**

Christian **Melnick** (Wyle)

**GERMANY**

Horst **Blehmeyer**, German Embassy, Washington (Wyle)
Dieter **Cycon**, Stuttgarter Zeitung (Wyle)
Oswald **Hirschfeld**, Suddeutscher Rundfunk, Stuttgart (Wyle)
Werner Holtzer, Frankfurter Rundschau (Wyle)
General Heinz **Huekelheim**, German Military Attache, Washington (Wyle)
Jan **Riefenberg**, Washington Correspondent of Frankfurter Allgemeine (Wyle)
Ulrich **Schefke**, Director-NATO Affairs, German Foreign Office (Wyle)
Joachim **Schwelien**, Washington Correspondent Stuttgarter Zeitung (Wyle)
Captain Johannes **Steinhoff**, Director of Planning Affairs, Defense Ministry, Bonn (Wyle)
General Johannes **Steinhoff**, German Representative on Military Committee of the Standing Group in Washington (Wyle)
Gerhard **Stoltenberg**, CDU member of the Bundestag and its Defense Committee (close to von Hassel) (Wyle)

**HOLLAND**

J.L. **Heldring**, Deputy Editor, Nieuwe Rotterdamse Courant (Leiss, Buchan)
Lt. Gen. T.E.E.H. **Mathon**, Chief of Staff for Civil Emergency Planning, The Hague (Leiss)

-1-

-1-

**HOLTAND**
Lt. Gen. T.E.B.H. Watson, Chief of Staff for Civilian Control
(Rees)

**HOLTAND**
J.T. Heiglind, Deputy Editor, News Rotterdgae
(Rees)

**HOLTAND**

(Rees)

(Mje) to von Hasse)

(Mje) Gerhard Stoltenberg, CDU member of the Bundestag
Group in Washington

GERMANY

(Mje) Christian Melnick

FRANCE

(Mje) Dr. Berne Marretrunders, University of Cophenorden

(Mje) Gerhard Erik Krasch, Conservative MP
(Seigenstadt)

(Mje) Mr. Mja J. Hasdekn, Information

(Bucan)

(Mje) Mr. Lischer, Permanent Head of German Foreign Office
(Holst)

DENMARK

(Holst)

Borg

(Holst)

(Mje) Dr. R.T. Sutherland, Head of Operations Research

(Mje) Professor James Estra, University of Toronto

(Holst)

(Mje) Defense Research Board

(Hajbera)

(Mje) Mr. Soder B. Eton, Scientific Intelligence,
Governo H.T.M. Burne

(Rees)

CANADA

-2-

ITALY

Achille Albonetti, Atomic Energy Commission (Kissinger)

Dr. Fausto Bacchetti, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Leiss)

Attilio Cattani, Permanent Head of Italian Foreign Office (Kissinger)

Dr. Fabio Luca Cavazza, Director of Associazione di Cultura e Politica Carlo Cattaneo, Il Mulino Publishing Co. (Leiss)

Roberto Ducci, Ambassador, Headed Italian Delegation to Brussels during British Market negotiations (Albonetti)

Roberto Gaja, Minister Plenipotentiary (Albonetti)

General Luigi Lombardi, Head of WEU-Arms Control Agency (Leiss)

Pietro Michara, Senator, Member of the Senate's Foreign Affairs Committee (Albonetti)

Professor Mario Toscano, University of Rome (Leiss)

NORWAY

Erik Klippenberg, Head of Operations, Research Defense Research Establishment (Wyle)

Finn Moe, MP Head of Foreign Affairs Committee (Holst)

Dr. Nils Ørvik, Director Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (Buchan)

UK

Julian Critchley, Conservative MP (Gwynne Jones)

Clare Hollingworth, The Guardian (Buchan)

Wing Commander Anthony Le Hardi, Ministry of Defense (Buchan)

Robert Stephens, The Observer (Buchan)

Kenneth Younger, President Chatham House (Influential in Labour) (Bull)

Donald Watt, London School of Economics (only for 8 days) (Buchan)

(Buchan)

(only for 8 days)

(Bull)

Donald Waff, London School of Economics
(Kenneth Konuder, President Chatham House)
Robert Stehne, The Opera
Clare Hollingsworth, The GuardIan
Julian Critchley, Conservative MP

(Buchan)
(Buchan)

(Gwynne Jones)

UK

(Buchan)

Dr. John Sennas, Director Northern Institute of
Dr. Mie Graik

(Mojet)

Bun Moe, MB Hesd of Foreign Affairs Committee
Defense Research Eatsplishment

(Mae)

NORWAY

Professor Mario Teacu, University of Rome

(Retea)

(Vipouetti)

Bieto Michsks, Senator, Member of the Senate, a
Agency

(Retea)

Geersil Nufat Lomardt, Hesd of WEU-Arme Control
Roberto Gals, Minister Bienibotentary

(Vipouetti)

negotiations

(Vipouetti)

Roberto Drcci, Ampsaessor, Hesed Itsiasu Delegation
Il Multino Publishing Co.

(Retea)

Cultura e Politica Carlo Cattaneo,
Dr. Erapo Ruc Caszss, Director of Yaccissione di
Attilio Cattani, Permanent Hesd of Itsiasu Foreign
Office

(Klauder)

Dr. Beno Baccetti, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Achille Vipouetti, Atomic Energy Commission

(Klauder)

ITALY

-5-

March 14, 1963

Dear Larry:

You will recall that I spoke to you Monday night about the
European Strategy Conference which the Center is planning to hold
from May 26 to June 9,

The plan is basically as follows: The purpose is to provide
an opportunity for twenty to twenty-five Europeans from government
and public life, academic life, and the press to meet with some of
the principal American contributors to the field of military strat-
egy, and to discuss problems of mutual concern related to Western
Defense. We are hoping for about six participants from each of Brit-
tain, France, and Germany, plus a smaller number from Italy, Benelux,
and the Scandinavian countries.

While the Center will provide for living expenses for the
participants when they are attending the Conference, I appreciate
very much your informal indication that the Endowment would be will-
ing to provide some help on their travel. As I told you, we are ask-
ing those who can to provide their own transportation, but expect a
dozen or more may not be able to do so. Shop Stone has informally
said that Ford would help out in part. When I spoke to him this
morning, he thought it might be most feasible to handle it through
IIE. In this case, it would not be necessary to ask you to administer
their amount. Would we be able to count on you for perhaps $4,000?

We are now in the course of getting replies to invitations
and will have a list of participants in several weeks with some idea
of which ones will need travel help.

If any individuals occur to you who should be invited, we
would be very glad to have their names for use in a second wave of
invitations.

Mr. Lawrence S. Pinkelstein
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
UN Plaza at 46th Street
New York 17, N.Y.

March 14, 1963

Dear M. de Rose:

At the suggestion of various Europeans, the Center for Inter-
national Affairs is planning to hold an International Conference on
Defense and Strategy from May 26 through June 8 here in Cambridge,
Massachusetts.

It would give us the greatest pleasure if you could attend.
I am fully aware of how difficult it would be for
two weeks, but if you could make it, I am sure that you would contri-
bute greatly and believe that you would find the time well spent.

The Center will provide for your living expenses while attend-
ing the conference. The participants are normally expected to arrange
for their travel expenses through their own organization. Should the
travel expenses prove any problem, however, I hope that one of the
Foundations may be willing to help out.

I very much hope that you will find it feasible to come. It so,
we will send you in the near future further information about the
program and other participants.

COPY OF THE REPLY FROM de ROSE:

"Thank you very much for your kind invitation to attend the Conference on Defense and Strategy in Cambridge at the end of May. Barring the unforeseen and unforseable I will be very glad to come for I think there is considerable room for improvement of our understanding of each others point of view even if our respective governments think that a stony silence is the only attitude that befits their dignity.

I shall look forward to receiving more information.

no
There will be MMXXIX problem for my travel expenses and I am thankful for any arrangements you can make for my living expenses."

3/19/63

2\18\2

for my living expenses."

and I am thankful for any arrangements you can make
There will be XXXXXX problem for my travel expenses
no

I shall look forward to receiving more information.
their dignity.

a stoic silence is the only attitude that pettish
view even if our respective governments think that
ment of our understanding of each others point of
for I think there is considerable room for improve-
seen and noticeable I will be very glad to come
in Cambridge at the end of May. Barring the major-
to attend the Conference on Defense and Strategy

"Thank you very much for your kind invitation
COBY OF THE REPLY FROM 49 ROSE:

ADDRESS OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS TO
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
WASHINGTON 8, D. C.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

WASHINGTON

March 13, 1963

Dear Doctor:

The following is a list of people you may wish to consider
for your seminar, in addition to the undersigned. They are
said to be among the younger generation of defense and strategy
writers and/or journalists.

Germany

1. Theo Somers, Die Zeit, Hamburg

2. Giselher Wirsing, Christ und Welt, Stuttgart

3. Jan Riefenberg, Washington correspondent for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (6413 31st Place N.W., Washington, D.C.)

4. Oswald Hirschfeld, Sueddeutscher Rundfunk, Stuttgart
(Weekly Radio Commentator)

5. Dieter Cycon, Stuttgarter Zeitung, Stuttgart.

I do not list the older generation, such as Adelbert Weinstein
of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, who is the most eminent
publicist on the subject in Germany. If you are interested in
Parliament members, the outstanding three are, of course, Strauss,
Fritz Ehrler (SPD), and Mr. Helmut Schmidt, Senator from Hamburg
(SPD). The chairman of the defense committee of the Bundestag,
Dr. Richard Jaeger (CSU), could suggest younger generation members
of his committee if you wish to have some of them instead. Dr.
Gerhard Stoltenberg (CDU) member of Parliament and of the Defense
Committee of the Bundestag, is said to be close to Mr. Von Hassel.
(Eckernforde/Schleswig-Holstein, Lorenz von Srein-Ring 17).

France

Dr. Robert Bowie, Director,
Center for International Affairs,
Harvard University,
6 Divinity Avenue,
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts.

-2-

France

All the ones I know here are the older types. However, the military correspondent of Le Monde, Jean Planchais, and two or three of his interested colleagues on Le Monde, might be a far better investment than any others. (Le Monde, 5 rue des Italiens, Paris IX).

Among the older generation, in addition to Aron, Professor Jacques Vernant and Colonel E. J. Baude, both c/o Revue de Defense Nationale, 1, Place Joffre (of course), Paris VII.

United Kingdom

P. Gordon-Walker, A. Gwyn Jones, Michael Carey, John Banres, and of course Strachey, Buchan, Slessor and Healy, have been mentioned to me.

The list of committee members of the WEU Defense and Armaments Committee will of course include others from Benelux, Italy, etc.

Anything we can do -

Yours as ever,

Frederick S. Wyle

March 5, 1963

Dear Laurie:

At the suggestion of various Europeans, the Center for
International Affairs is planning to hold an International
Conference on Defense and Strategy from May 26 through June
8 here in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The purpose is to provide an opportunity for twenty to
twenty-five Europeans from government and public life, aca-
demic life, and the press to meet with some of the principal
American contributors to the field of military strategy, and
to discuss problems of mutual concern related to Western
Defense. It is our hope that such a meeting would be valuable
for all participants.

In general we expect to invite about six each from France,
Britain, and Germany, and a smaller number from Italy, Benelux,
etc.

Our basic aim is to improve the level of debate in this
field over the next several years. Consequently, we do want
people who will have an influence. Would you have some sug-
gestions as to people who might be invited?

Would you be willing to spend several days at the Conference?

I hope all goes well with you.

General Lauris Norstad
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation
717 5th Avenue
New York 22, N.Y.

I was planning to write you about the conference on Strategy which we are now definitely holding between May 26 and June 8. Our plan is to invite no more than twenty-five participants from the European countries, which means about six each from Britain, France, and Germany. We are aiming for people who will be able to contribute to serious discussion on Western strategy over the next few years.

We would certainly be glad to have a qualified officer from the Foreign Office. Would it be possible for you to attend?

I am glad to have the suggestion about writing to the Ambassador, but will probably hold off until we know about how we stand on slots.

I was very sorry to have missed seeing you, and hope for better luck next time.

Mr. E. John W. Barnes
Foreign Office
LONDON S.W. 1
England

February 28, 1963

Dear Drs. Erler and Scheuner:

On January 11, I wrote you the enclosed
letter about the proposed conference on Defense
and Strategy which the Center had decided to
hold. In it we asked for your suggestions for
proposed participants from the Federal Republic,
Britain, France or elsewhere as you saw fit.

Not having received any answer, I wonder
whether the letter has gone astray.

It would be very helpful indeed to have
your suggestions. We have had some correspondence
with Alastair Buchan in London and Jacques Vernant
in Paris to clarify the kind of people we have in
mind. Our hope is to have people from government
and public life, academic life, and the press who
will have an influence on the discussion of these
issues over the next several years.

Dr. Fritz Erler
Dr. Ulrich Scheuner
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswartige Politik e.V.
Bonn am Rhein
Schaumburg-Lippe Strasse 6
GERMANY

February 28, 1963

Dear M. Aron:

Last fall, as you may recall, you suggested that the Center
should hold a conference mainly for Europeans on Western Defense and
Strategy. Several other Europeans have suggested the same thing.
Accordingly, the Center has decided to hold such a conference from
May 26 to June 8 here in Cambridge.

The purpose is to provide an opportunity for twenty to twenty-five Europeans from government and public life, academic life, and the press to meet with some of the principal American contributors to the field of military strategy, and to discuss problems of mutual concern related to Western Defense. It is our hope that such a meeting would be valuable for all participants.

Our basic aim is to improve the level of debate in this field
over the next several years. Consequently, we do want people who
will have an influence. At the same time, it is not our plan to
invite people like you who have already had many chances to discuss
these issues in many settings.

Would you have some suggestions as to people who might be invited?

M. Raymond Aron
34 Quai de Passy
PARIS 9VI, France

February 28, 1963

Dear Jean:

The purpose is to provide an opportunity for twenty to twenty-
five Europeans from government and public life, academic life, and
the press to meet with some of the principal American contributors
to the field of military strategy and to discuss problems of mutual
concern related to Western Defense. It is our hope that such a
meeting would be valuable for all participants. It would give us
the greatest pleasure if you could attend. I am fully aware of how
difficult you would find it to be away for two weeks, but if you
could make it, I am sure that you would contribute greatly and believe
that you would find the time well spent.

The Center will provide for your living expenses while attend-
ing the Conference. The participants are normally expected to arrange
for their travel expenses through their own organization. Should the
travel expenses prove any problem, however, I hope that one of the
Foundations may be willing to help out. I very much hope you will
find it feasible to come. If so, we will send you further informa-
tion about the program and other participants in the near future.

The number from each of the major countries (France, Britain,
and Germany) will be about six. Are there other individuals in France
or elsewhere whom you feel we should invite? Our aim is to include
people who are likely to influence the level of discussion of these
problems over the next several years.

The Honorable Jean Laloy,
Ministre des Affaires Etrangeres
Quai d'Orsay
PARIS, France

[10]

FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT DER DEUTSCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FÜR AUSWARTIGE POLITIK E.V.
(INSTITUT FÜR EUROPAISCHE POLITIK UND WIRTSCHAFT)

BONN AM RHEIN, March 6, 1963

SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE-STR. 6

TEL. 31694

Professor Robert R. Bowie
Harvard University
Center for International Affairs
6, Divinity Ave.
Cambridge / Mass.

Dear Dr. Bowie,

Referring to your letter to Herr Erler and Professor Scheuner of
January 11, 1963, I would like to let you know that we have
discussed the possibility of a defense seminar at the Harvard
Center at the last meeting of our study group. The idea of this
seminar was generally warmly welcomed. The group agreed upon
submitting a list of proposed participants. This list includes
the following persons:

1) Legationsrat I Klasse
   Dr. Lothar Lahn
   (Foreign Ministry, Arms Control Division)

2) Oberregierungsrat Dr. Hund
   (Ministry of Defense, Editor-in-chief of "Information
   für die Truppe")

3) Uwe Nerlich (Head of the Arms Control Section of the Institute)

4) Dr. Helga Haftendorn
   (Editor of "Europa-Archiv")

5) Privatdozent Dr. Rudolf Wildenmann
   (University Köln, Forschungsinstitut für Politische Wissenschaft und Europäische Fragen der Universität zu Köln;
   Director of the forthcoming Institute for Military Policy
   at the University Köln)

6) Ulrich Gembardt
   (influential Broadcast commentator on defense matters,
   Westdt. Rundfunk, Köln)

7) Kurt Becker
   (Bonn Correspondent of Die Welt, commentator on military
   policy).

- 2 -

- 2 -

I hope that you will find this selection agreeable. We will soon send you some Harvard Center-like questionnaires including more detailed informations about these proposed participants. Having asked all of the potential participants it seems that May 26 to June 8 would suit especially well.

I hope that the other countries will also nominate partici-
pants. In Bern, I talked to the Military Department; I got
the impression that on the Swiss side there is some interest
in sending one or two representatives to the seminar. I guess
that they will contact you directly.

With best regards

April 12, 1963

TO: Messrs: Bowie, Halperin, Kissinger, Schelling

FROM: Johan J. Holst JFH

RE: European Defense Conference

Attached you will find a translation of an aide-memoire
from Frits Erler sent by the German Consulate in Boston. The
aide-memoire is self-explanatory.

It seems that we shall have some difficulty in finding
all the Germans we want for the conference. We have formerly
decided to consider the following as alternative candidates:

Theo Sommer - 'Die Zeit', Hamburg

General Baudissin

Karl Mommer - SPD

Ulrich Scheske - Director NATO Affairs, Foreign Office

So far we have no German representative from CDU. We have not
heard from Georg Kliesing. We have only a "legationsraat I Klasse
(Dr. Lahn) from the Foreign Office. I suggest that we also
consider inviting:

1. Mr. Ernst Majorica who seems to be a "comer" in the CDU. He is 43 years old and chairman of the "Working Group for Foreign Policy, Defense Policy and All-German Affairs" of the CDU parliamentary group.

2. Dr. Herbert Muller-Roschach who heads the Policy Planning Staff of the German Foreign Office.

* * *

As Mr. Denis Healey of the Labor Party is unable to
come we have no representative from the Opposition Party in
Britain. Should we write Healy asking him to suggest somebody?

Britain. Should we write Heely asking him to suggest somebody
come to have no representative from the Objectionary Party in
as Mr. Benita Heely of the Paper Party is unable to

Blaming Staff of the German Foreign Office.

S. Dr. Herbert Müller-Kochschach who建议 the Policy
the CDU parliamentary Group.

for Foreign Policy, Defense Policy and All-German Alltire, of
CDU. He is 13 years old and chairman of the "Working Group
of the Reichsrat".

Karl Sommer - 2nd
General Bendixen
Theo Sommer - 'Die Zeit', Hamburg
decided to consider the following as alternative candidates:
all the Germans we want for the conference. We have formerly
It seems that we shall have some difficulty in finding
therefrom the idea of a "Foreign Office."

Hilren Schacke - Director NATO Alltire, Foreign Office
Karl Sommer - 2nd
General Bendixen
Theo Sommer - 'Die Zeit', Hamburg

The attached you will find a translation of an side-memoire
from the British Eerl sent by the German Consulate in Boston. The
"side-memoire" is self-explanatory.

FROM: Johann J. Heimat
TO: Messrs. Bowie, Huberlin, Kießinger, Scheffling

April 15, 1939

TRANSLATION

Re: European Seminar on Defense Problems

It would from the German side (Mr. Jakobsen) be particularly
desirable if the following gentlemen were invited to the planned
European Seminar on Defense Problems.

1. Dr. Lahn - The Foreign Ministry

2. Dr. Hund - The Defense Ministry

3. Dr. Wildemann - Cologne

Mr. Jakobsen has already talked to Professor Schelling about this
matter. Professor Schelling has kindly consented to support the
invitation of these gentlemen. In addition hereto Mr. Jakobsen
would like to suggest:

1. Dr. Helga Haftendorn (Europa-Archiv)

2. Mr. Reipschlager - BDI. Reckoning with Mr. Nerlich and Mr. Becker of Die Welt whom Harvard University has already considered, the German contingent would then count 7 persons and thus correspond to the number of German participants indicated by Professor Schelling. From the German side it would be appreciated if the decision to reduce the period of the seminar communicated in a letter to Mr. Nerlich from Professor Bowie could be reconsidered.
(abgesehen werden konnte)

The above-mentioned 7 persons would constitute a German
contingent in accordance with the concept of the seminar.

It should be reckoned with that the other persons mentioned
by Harvard University because of other responsibilities unfortunately
will be unable to attend the seminar. In the meantime it can be
stated immediately that Mr. Krapf is unable to come; the question

stated immediately that Mr. Kraepelini made to come to the question
will be unable to attend the seminar. In the meantime it can be
dy Harvard University because of other responsibilities unfortunately
It should be recalled with that the other persons mentioned
contingent in accordance with the concept of the seminar.

The above-mentioned persons would constitute a German
(aspecaationen werden konce)"

In a letter to Mr. Nellert from Professor Bowie could be reconneced
it the decision to reduce the period of the seminar communicated
Professor Scheffling. From the German side it would be appreciated
the correpond to the number of German participants indicated by
considered, the German contingent would then count 3 persons and
and Mr. Becker of Die Zeit whom Harvard University has already
2. Mr. Reibenschlag - BDI. Reckoning with Mr. Nellert
1. Dr. Heike Hultenborn (Europe-Zent)

would like to answet:

Invitation of these Gentlemen. In addition bereft Mr. Jakobsen
 matter. Professor Scheffling has kindly consented to accept the
Mr. Jakobsen has already talked to Professor Scheffling about this
3. Dr. Wiegemann - Cologne

2. Dr. Hung - The Defense Ministry

1. Dr. Repu - The Foreign Ministry

desirable if the following Gentlemen were invited to the meeting

TRANSLATION

of the participation of Mr. Kliesing, who is presently undergoing
medical treatment, and Mr. Schmidt is still open.

From the standpoint of the professional value of the
seminar (aus sachlichen Gesichtspunkten) but also in view of the
high travel expenses it would be extremely desirable if the seminar
could be organized for a two-week period.

High travel expenses it would be extremely desirable if the seminar could be attended by all participants. (see attached minutes) put also in view of the seminar (see attached minutes) put also in view of the medical treatment, and Mr. Schmidt is at still open to the standpoint of the professional value of the

-5-

Konsulat
der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Consulate
of the Federal Republic of Germany
Boston

Dr. Gerhard Weber
Vizekonsul

Boston, den 10. April 1963

462 Boylston Street
Stuart Building
Tel.: Kenmore 6-4414

Pol.305-82.20

Herrn
Professor Thomas C. Schelling
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Sehr geehrter Herr Professor Schelling!

Es hat mich sehr gefreut, Sie gestern anläßlich
des Besuches von Herrn Bundestagsabgeordneten Fritz Erler
im Center for International Affairs kennenzulernen.

Herr Erler hat mich vor seiner Abreise gebeten,
Ihnen beiliegenden Vermerk zu übersenden. Er enthält
die Punkte, die Herr Erler bereits fernmündlich mit
Professor Bowie besprochen hat. Da mich Herr Erler
über die Angelegenheit genau informiert hat, stehe
ich Ihnen gerne zur Auskunft zur Verfügung, falls
Sie noch weitere Fragen haben sollten.

Mit verbindlichen Empfehlungen

Betr.: Europäisches Seminar für Verteidigungsfragen

Der deutschen Seite (Herrn Jakobsen) ist besonders an der
Einladung folgender Herren zu dem geplanten europäischen Seminar
für Verteidigungsfragen gelegen:

1) Dr. Lahn, AA

2) Dr. Hund, Verteidigungsministerium,

3) Dr. Wildemann, Köln.

Hierüber hat bereits Herr J. mit Herrn Prof. Schelling gesprochen,
Herr Prof. Schelling hat in dankenswerter Weise zugesagt, sich
für die Einladung dieser Herren einzusetzen.

Darüber hinaus möchte Herr J.

1) Prl. Dr. Haftendorn, DGAP (Europa-Archiv),

2) Herrn Reipschlüger vom BDI

vorschlagen. Unter Hinzurechnung von Herrn Nerlich und Herrn
Becker von der "Welt", die bereits von der Harvard University
berücksichtigt worden sind, würde das deutsche Kontingent ins-
gesamt 7 Personen umfassen und somit den Vorstellungen von Prof.
Schelling über die deutsche Teilnehmerzahl entsprechen. Von
deutscher Seite würde begrüßt, wenn von der im Schreiben von
Prof. Bowie an Herrn Nerlich angedeuteten Kürzung abgesehen
werden könnte.

Die vorgenannten 7 Personen würden auch besonders gut den deuts-
scherseits mit dem Seminar verbundenen Vorstellungen entsprechen.

Es muß damit gerechnet werden, daß die weiteren von der Harvard
University genannten Persönlichkeiten wegen anderweitiger Ver-
pflichtungen leider nicht an dem Seminar werden teilnehmen kön-
nen. In der Zwischenzeit konnte bereits geklärt werden, daß Herr
Krapf nicht kommen kann; die Frage der Teilnahme von Herrn
Kliesing, der sich zur Zeit in Kur befindet, und Herrn Schmidt
ist noch offen.

Aus sachlichen Gesichtspunkten, aber auch in Anbetracht der erheb-
lichen Reisekosten wäre es besonders erwünscht, wenn das Seminar
für einen Zeitraum von 14 Tagen angesetzt werden könnte.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
CENTER OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
WOODROW WILSON HALL
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

April 1, 1963

Mr. Johan J. Holst
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Holst:

Your re-scheduling of the European Defense Seminar
causes no problem for me since I was to participate for a couple
of days during the period you indicate.

Of my recent writings that might be of interest to the
European participants, I would suggest:

(1) Klaus Knorr and Thornton Read (eds.), *Limited Strategic War*, Praeger, Inc., 1962.

(2) Klaus Knorr, *A NATO Nuclear Force: The Problem of Management*, Center of International Studies, Princeton University, Policy Memorandum No. 26, 1963.

KK:jmcd

The RAND Corporation

1700 MAIN ST. • SANTA MONICA • CALIFORNIA

3 April 1963

L-7019

Mr. Johan J. Holst
Harvard University
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Holst:

Thank you for your letter. I have noted the change in dates for the Seminar, and can accommodate to it.

My suggestions about papers are the following three (reprints enclosed), possibly supplemented by a fourth later:

1. "On Stability in Deterrent Races", as reprinted with an additional section in M. A. Kaplan, *The Revolution in World Politics* (John Wiley & Sons, 1952). The original shorter version was in *World Politics* (July, 1961).

2. "Nuclear Policy and French Intransigence", *Foreign Affairs* (January, 1963).

3. "What Interdependence for NATO?", *World Politics* (April, 1960).

If desired, I can supply reprints for the first two listed above from stocks on hand. For the third, RAND can reproduce copies for your Seminar if desired. If I can get security clearance for it in time, I shall also suggest a new paper on "Nuclear Control After Nassau".

I look forward to receiving further information about the program and participants.

MWH:eh

Enclosures: 3

ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY

WASHINGTON 25, D.C.

4 April 1963

Dear Mr. Holst:

Many thanks for your letter. I certainly expect to be able to join the conference for two or three days, even though the date has been changed somewhat.

I have sent Professor Schelling a copy of a short talk I gave which might be useful for distribution. Two things are required, however. First of all, I think Dr. Schelling should decide whether the material is suitable and, second, before the material can be sent out I have to check with some people here. In particular, it would be helpful to have a list (even tentative) of attendees at the meeting. The reason for this is that the appropriateness of distributing my paper depends somewhat on who it is going to.

Mr. Johan J. Holst
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

April 8, 1963

Memo to: Messrs: Bowie
Halperin
Kissinger
Schelling

From: Johan J. Holst

Following is a list of readings suggested by the
American participants.

Charles M. Hersfeld Short talk which Hersfeld has forwarded
to Professor Schelling

Malcolm W. Hoag
1. "On Stability in Deterrent Races", as reprinted with an additional section in M. A. Kaplan, *The Revolution in World Politics* (John Wiley & Sons, 1962). (Original shorter version was in *World Politics* - July, 1961)

William W. Kaufmann
1. Robert S. McNamara's speech at Ann Arbor

2. Paul Nitze's speech at the Cleveland Council on World Affairs, March 2, 1963

Glenn Kent
"On the Interaction of Opposing Forces under Possible Arms Agreements". CFIA Occasional Paper No. 5

Klaus Knorr
1. Klaus Knorr and Thornton Read (eds.), *Limited Strategic War*, Praeger, Inc., 1962

2. Klaus Knorr, *A NATO Nuclear Force: The Problem of Management*, Center for International Studies, Princeton University, Policy Memorandum No. 26, 1963.

SCHOOL OF ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
1906 FLORIDA AVENUE, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C.

April 9, 1963

Mr. Johan J. Holst
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Mass.

Dear Mr. Holst:

May 31st through June 8th is all right
for me, except that I must be here on the
afternoon of June 3.

My recent writings are as follows:

Limited War (1957)

NATO: The Entangling Alliance (1962)

"Nuclear Control in NATO," pamphlet,
Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research,
1962. (You can get copies from the Center)

"Nuclear Arms: Uses and Limits," New
Republic, September 10, 1962; reprinted in
latest issue of Survival.

"The Uses of Military Power," chapter in
recent paperback book. (I have reprints, if you
want them).

The Institute for Strategic Studies
LIMITED BY GUARANTEE

President: THE HON. THE EARL ATTLES, K.C., P.C., J.M., Q.C., F.R.S.
Chairman: SIR KENNETH GRUBB, C.M.G.
Hon. Treasurer: SIR LESLIE ROWAN, K.C.B., C.V.O.
Director: THE HON. ALASTAIR BUCHAN

18, Adam Street, London W.C.2.

Telephone: Whitehall 3757. Cables: Strategy London

7th February, 1963

Mr Robert R. Bowie,
Harvard University
Center for International Affairs,
6 Divinity Avenue,
Cambridge 38, Mass., USA:

I have not heard from you in reply to my letter of
17th January asking just exactly what sort of people you
wanted for your May/June seminar, but as I am just off to
New York I thought I had better make up a tentative, if
incomplete, list. My nominations for your seminar are:

a) Philip Windsor. Research Associate at this Institute. Specialist in European affairs; rapporteur of the Anglo-German-French study group that we have been running for a year and a quarter.

b) Crispin Tickell. NATO and Planning Department of the Foreign Office. One of the brightest young men under John Barnes.

c) Wing Commander Anthony Le Hardi. Ministry of Defence. One of the ablest young planners of Mountbatten's staff. Suggest that, if you write to him, you mention that it is at my suggestion.

d) Anthony Kershaw, M.P. House of Commons. Secretary of the Conservative party Defence Committee. One of the most sensible young government supporters with considerable European experience.

e) R.E. Prentice M.P. One of the best of the young labour members interested in defence and security questions. Failing him I would recommend G.W. Reynolds, M.P.

f) A nominee of David Astor's, Editor of *The Observer*, 22 Tudor Street, E.C.4. I put it in this way because *The Observer* is just making a rather difficult choice between two of their foreign staff to serve as their Defence Correspondent, and will not know until about the beginning of March. I think this is the paper most worth "educating"

February 26, 1963

Mr. Achille Albonetti
Via Belisario 15
Rome, Italy

My dear Albonetti:

Thank you very much for your letter of February 7th. I have been so busy that I have not had a chance to answer it before this. Events in Europe are not too encouraging, but I still hope that some sanity will return to both sides of the Atlantic.

I wanted to ask your opinion about a seminar we are planning here at Harvard at the end of May. We are thinking of inviting a number of people in relatively senior positions concerned with problems of NATO to a two-week seminar. One of our main purposes is to start a dialogue between serious and concerned Europeans and their colleagues in responsible positions over here. We know many French, British and Germans who deal with the area of strategic and political problems, but we do not really know any Italians. Could you suggest three or four names and tell me a little bit about them? Unhappily, knowledge of English is a requirement.

I shall look forward to hearing from you.

With kind regards.

Neue Zürcher Zeitung
Redaktion

Zurich, February 17, 1963

US/Sch

Mr. Thomas C. Schelling
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Schelling:

Thank you for your letter of February 13. I am glad to learn that your seminar has taken shape and that it is to be considered as definitive. For the case that you really want me to attend I am reserving the period from May 26 through June 9 for Harvard. You may be assured that I am looking forward very much to the meeting with you and your associates.

February 15, 1963

Professor William W. Kaufmann
Department of Economics
14N-226
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge 39, Mass.

Dear Bill:

We are planning to organize a two-weeks' seminar here at the Center, in late May and early June, on military policy and strategy. About twenty-five Europeans will come. Our idea is to let them meet a dozen of the leading American writers on this subject. Our present plan is to urge the Europeans to read in advance (or after they get here) some work of each of the Americans, then give them a chance to meet each author and discuss his work with him. You are one of the people we would like to participate. We shall not ask you to write a paper or to prepare anything special for the occasion, but just to put yourself at the mercy of the seminar.

We have in mind the two-week period beginning May 26th. We would like our principal American participants to come for something like three days. They could then spend a day getting acquainted as a member of the seminar, a day as a focus of attention, and another day in informal discussions, conversations, and so forth. We shall try to organize it so that there is both time and inducement for informal discussions.

Could we get you for three days or so during that period? Are there any dates that you could not do it, assuming you would like to join us? We will have to work out a schedule when we get replies from the several people we have in mind.

The Europeans will be scholars, officials, and serious journalists, in proportions that we cannot yet foresee. We shall probably have half a dozen each of French, German and British, with a few from other countries.

The first week we will probably be here at the Center, and the
second week we expect to be at Endicott House, just outside
Boston. Bowie, Kissinger, Halperin, Ikle, and I, as well as
some others from the Harvard-MIT community, will take an active
part in it.

One of the main purposes of the enterprise is to help to stimulate
in Europe the kind of intellectual activity on military affairs
that goes on in this country. In addition to a chance to discuss
specific issues we want them to get an appreciation of
what kinds of people, using what professional techniques, in
what kinds of organizations, are professionally engaged in
strategic analysis. The subjects for discussion should be of
interest to Europeans but need not be primarily on NATO or
things European.

We doubt whether a two-weeks' cram course makes any sense, so
we have decided to organize it around people rather than subjects. We shall make a moderate effort to identify people with subjects, and schedule them in an order that makes sense; but
our hope is that two weeks' immersion will accomplish the purpose
without a highly planned curriculum.

If you think you would like to do this--and we think you would
find it worthwhile--we can talk later about just what you might
want the people to read and what you would most like to argue
about with them.

We are assuming that the affair will be professionally worthwhile
for everybody and that those who have organizational affiliations
will be able to finance their own journey.

If you would like to know more about it, call me or write to me.
But at the moment I do not know much more. As the weeks go by
we shall begin to get an idea of who the European participants
will be and which Americans expect to join us. If you cannot
definitely say you can come, please let me know how likely it is
and when you might be able to commit yourself. At some stage we
will want to let the Europeans know whom they are going to meet
when they get here, and what we propose they read in advance.

Best regards,

TCS:ac

President: THE BY. HON. THE EARL ATTLEE, K.G., F.C., O.M., Q.M., F.R.S.
Chairman: SIR KENNETH GRUBB, C.M.G.
Hon. Treasurer: SIR LESLIE ROWAN, K.C.B., C.V.O.
Director: THE HON. ALASTAIR BUCHAN

17th January, 1963

Mr Robert R. Bowie,
Harvard University
Center for International Affairs,
6 Divinity Avenue,
Cambridge 38, Mass., USA.

Thank you for your letter of January 11th about your projected seminar at the end of May. It sounds a good idea, but before I send you any names I would like to clarify one point. What sort of level of participants do you want? I take it that you do not want the old pros - the Buchans, Beloffs and Howards of this world so much as the younger generation. Could you just confirm this.

As to finance, I cannot make any commitment; we have no resources to pay fares of this kind, though I dare say those in government and journalism who I will recommend can probably find their own, but we might have to ask for at least two or three fares.

I am going to be in New York from February 11th to 15th, and Washington from 15th to 23rd. Is there any chance of seeing you in either of those places? I could come up to Boston for a day, but if there is a chance of seeing you and Henry in Washington I would rather keep my travel schedule limited.

Congratulations on the triumph of the multilateral multiman deterrent. I am still highly dubious about the whole idea but it clearly now has a lot of official US steam behind it. Tom Finletter was here last night and made a strong pitch to us on the subject.

With all good wishes.

Alastair Buchan

February 6, 1963

Dear Alastair:

Thanks very much for your note about our proposed
conference on defense.

You asked about the kind of participants we want.
As you surmised, the meeting would not be mainly the
"old pros" like yourself; yet it would not be confined
to the younger generation either. The group we have in
mind would include people from government, the press, and
academic life who would benefit from two weeks of inten-
sive discussion on defense and strategic issues. For
example, Ura Schwarz of the Swiss Review of World Affairs
has accepted. It would be entirely in keeping with our
objectives if we could attract someone like Rob Scott or
the Defense Correspondent of the Times.

In other words, we do want to contribute to a more
penetrating debate of these topics among the key NATO
countries in the next several years. This means that the
participants must already have positions of influence or
responsibility.

I do want to see you while you are in the country, if
only to convince you of the merits of a multilateral force.
My present plan is to come down to the Council for the evening
of February 13 for a NATO meeting. I keenly regret that a
seminar here until six o'clock that afternoon will prevent
my getting to hear you. Then I have to go on that night to
Princeton for meetings on the 14th and 15th. Why don't you
come through Cambridge on your way home. You can fly to Lon-
don from Boston if you wish.

Mr. Alastair Buchan
The Institute for Strategic Studies
18, Adam Street
London W.C.2, England

January 11, 1963

Mr. Urs Schwarz
Swiss Review of World Affairs
P.O. Box 660
Zurich 1
SWITZERLAND

Dear Mr. Schwarz:

From time to time, here at the Center, we talk about people we would like to join us as Research Associates. Those occasions always remind me that you hoped it might become possible to come to the States for a period. My colleagues, Bob Bowie and Henry Kissinger, suggested that I send you another note to remind you that we would still welcome an opportunity to work out with you some arrangement that would permit you to settle here for several months, or a year if that were possible.

When we talked about it at the little outdoor restaurant in Geneva you were interested in doing a study of the development of American strategic thinking, perhaps contrasting American and European thought. This still seems to me something that you might do better than an American could.

In any case, please consider this a continuing invitation and please take the initiative in letting us know whenever you think we might work out some plans.

Incidentally, we are thinking seriously about organizing a seminar, here at the Center, in late May or early June, to which perhaps twenty-five Europeans would be invited, to spend two weeks discussing military policy and strategy with a number of American writers and officials. If it works out, you may want to consider coming. We shall not be paying the

February 15, 1963

Dr. Marshall D. Shulman
Russian Research Center
16 Dunster Street
Harvard University

Dear Marshall:

2

One of the main purposes of the enterprise is to help to stimulate
in Europe the kind of intellectual activity on military affairs
that goes on in this country. In addition to a chance to dis-
cuss specific issues we want them to get an appreciation of
what kinds of people, using what professional techniques, in
what kinds of organizations, are professionally engaged in
strategic analysis. The subjects for discussion should be of
interest to Europeans but need not be primarily on NATO or
things European.

We doubt whether a two-week's cram course makes any sense, so
we have decided to organize it around people rather than sub-
jects. We shall make a moderate effort to identify people with
subjects, and schedule them in an order that makes sense; but
our hope is that two weeks' immersion will accomplish the purpose
without a highly planned curriculum.

Best regards,

TCS:ac

EUROPEAN DEFENSE SEMINAR

Plans for accommodations

1. Cambridge House

1651 Mass. Ave. (within walking distance of CFIA)

The hotel is modern and comfortable.

Rooms: singles $12.00
doubles $18.00

The single rooms are large and comfortable. They are nicely furnished with two good easy chairs, desk, table, TV and commode, a large bathroom and a good closet.

The double rooms are about the same size as the singles and hence more sparsely furnished.

The St. Clair's Restaurant in the hotel building has continuous service from 7 A.M. until 11 P.M. Breakfast and lunch are served for $1.20 and up; dinner $2.50 and up.

The hotel could make the so-called penthouse suite into a sitting room for the seminar participants. The suite is normally rented for $50.00 a day. I got the impression that that price could be negotiated.

2. Treadway Motor House

110 Mt. Auburn Street

The hotel is modern and reasonably comfortable.

The rooms run from $10 to $12 for 1 person
and $14 to $16 for 2 persons

(Rates vary depending on size of room, location and
accommodations.)

The rooms are not very big and rather sparsely furnished.

The restaurant serves only breakfast.

The rooms are of very big and rather abrashly furnished.

Accommodation.)
Rates very gebeuging on size of room, location and
$14 to $16 for 3 persons
The rooms run from $10 to $13 for 1 person

3. Trespass Motor House
110 Mt. Auburn Street

Could be negotiated.
Rented for $20.00 a day. I dot the impression that that price
sitting room for the seminar participants. The suite is normally
The hotel could make the so-called telephone suite into a

Incnp are served for $1.30 and mb: dinner $3.20 and mb.
continuous service from 7 A.M. until 11 P.M. Breakfast and
The St. Clair's Restaurant in the hotel putting up
and hence more abrashly furnished.

The double rooms are spout the same size as the singles
commode, a table, a table, a desk, a chair, a TV and
The single rooms are large and comfortable. They are

nice to be furnished with two good easy chairs, desk, table, TV and
The single rooms are large and comfortable. They are

double
rooms: singles $18.00
The hotel is modern and comfortable.

1621 Mass. Ave. (within walking distance of CIV)
J. Cambridge House

Issue for accommodation

EUROPEAN DEFENSE SEMINAR

will arrange for the housing and meals of the participants during the seminar. If necessary, the Center can probably cover these living expenses, though it would be helpful if they could be treated as part of the traveling expenses. We would prefer that the question of the Ford assistance for travel expenses be handled directly between the Foundation and the European Institutes.

I agree that such a seminar could, as you say, "pave the way for a much better understanding of common issues." We hope that the seminar can be made stimulating and fruitful, and look forward especially to cooperating with your institute in this effort.

I am writing to M. Vernant at the Centre d'Etudes de Politique Etrangere and to Mr. Alastair Buchan at the Institute for Strategic Studies about the proposed seminar.

With best regards,

Dr. Fritz Erler
Dr. Ulrich Schöner
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik E.V.
Bonn am Rhein
Schaumburg-Lippe Strasse 6
GERMANY

CENTRE D'ÉTUDES DE POLITIQUE ÉTRANGÈRE

54, Rue de Varenne

PARIS-VIII

LITTRÉ 21-55 - ADRESSE TELEGRAPHIQUE : POLETRAN-PARIS

Paris, le 25 janvier 1965

Monsieur Robert R. BOWIE
Harvard University
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 03
Massachusetts

Cher Monsieur Bowie,

Exposes-moi d'avoir un peu tardé à reprendre à votre lettre du 11 janvier relative à la réunion au Center for International Affairs de l'Université de Harvard d'un séminaire sur la Défense et la Stratégie.

Je considère personnellement votre initiative comme extrêmement opportune et utile et mon opinion est partagée par tous les membres de notre groupe avec qui j'ai eu l'occasion de m'en entretenir.

Quant aux participants éventuels que je prie vous suggérer du côté français, voici quelques noms :

MM. Jean-Paul Charnay
- Alain Jore
- Jean Planchais du "Mondé"
- Raymond des Affaires étrangers
- Capitaine Rosenthal

Je pense que les frais de voyage pour vous être payés pour certains d'entre eux (probablement pour trois mais que le problème se poserait pour deux d'entre eux et je vous serais reconnaissant de toutes les suggestions que vous pourriez fournir à mon propos.

En vous félicitant encore de votre initiative et en vous souhaitant un plein succès, je vous prie de me croire, cher Monsieur Bowie, votre très sincère
votre,

Jacques Vernant
Secrétaire général

CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE

UNITED NATIONS PLAZA AT 46TH STREET NEW YORK 17, NEW YORK CABLE ADDRESS INTERPAX OXFORD 7-3131

15 January 1963

Dear Mr. Holst:

Thank you for your letter of 9 January. I was most interested to hear of the Center's plans for an international defense seminar this spring. I hope you will keep in touch with me as your plans develop. I should be most interested in seeing the final selection of participants as well as in knowing the agenda.

I'll give you what information I have about possible participants from the countries you mentioned. I see that you have not included the Scandinavian countries on your list but I am sure you and Dr. Orvik can prepare a better list of suggestions there than I could.

Italy: There are two people who could give you good suggestions and one of them might be a suitable participant himself. Mr. Isolani, who recently became Deputy Director of the Institute for Strategic Studies in London, served for many years in the British Embassy in Rome and has been actively interested in expanding ISS's Italian membership. Another person who could give you suggestions is Dr. Fabio Luca Cavazza, Director of the Associazione di Cultura e Politica "Carlo Cattaneo," via Galliera 3/5, Bologna. The Associazione, which is a non-profit organization affiliated with the Il Mulino Publishing House, is currently organizing a series of roundtables in Italy on disarmament and strategy. The Il Mulino Publishing House has begun a program of translations of English language literature on arms control and strategy. Dr. Cavazza has struck me as a very able, intelligent, and energetic man and it is my understanding that he is influential in Italian left-of-center intellectual and political circles, and has as well good contacts with similar circles in France. My impression is that, at the moment, Dr. Cavazza's interest in problems of defense is lively but not necessarily deep--that is, he is interested intellectually in any new fields of Western intellectual activity. He might be just the kind of person you are looking for, however, and an investment in deepening his understanding of some of the basic issues involved in developing Western defense policies might have significant pay-offs even though he himself and the Associazione might not continue active programs in the field.

-2-

You might add to your list of prospects some of the people who have been closely associated with Dr. Cavazza in the development of the roundtables. A pamphlet for the roundtables has been prepared by Giampalo Calchi-Novati. From my superficial reading of the booklet (my Italian is not too sound) it appears to reflect an interested and sensitive reading of current literature rather than an original contribution to discussion or even a reflection of distinctly Italian concerns. Altiero Spinelli, and Dr. Aldo Garosci, Professor of Modern History at the University of Turin and foreign policy editor of *Il Mondo*, have also worked closely with Dr. Cavazza on the roundtables.

Probably the best informed of likely Italian participants would be Professor Mario Toscano of the University of Rome. You may already have on your list another Italian, Lt. General Luigi Lombardi who is head of the WEU Arms Control Agency in Paris.

There are several other Italians about whom I know little but who have participated in recent ISS Conferences on various aspects of defense policy: Dr. Fausto Bacchetti, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rome (I have sat in several meetings with him and think he is very knowledgeable); Mr. Roberto Gaja, Italian Minister in Sofia, Bulgaria; and Vice Admiral F. Maugeri, Chief of the Italian Naval Staff 1947-58. Mr. Cavazza recently told me that a Dr. Marco Cesarini, whom he identified only as a contributor to *Il Mondo*, is currently writing a series of articles for that weekly on nuclear strategy and arms control.

**Netherlands:** The person who first comes to my mind, either as a participant himself or as a likely source of good suggestions, is Lt. Gen. T. E. H. Mathon, Chief of Staff for Civil Emergency Planning in The Hague. Another good possibility might be J. L. Heldring, Deputy Editor of *Nieuwe Rotterdamse Courant* in Rotterdam; Mr. Heldring has participated in several ISS meetings and also attended a seminar organized by the International Press Institute last summer on disarmament and arms control. On the several occasions on which I have met him, he impressed me as a very intelligent and able man. A second newspaperman at the IPI seminar from the Netherlands was Dr. C. A. Steketee, editor of *Het Algemeen Handelsblad* in Amsterdam. Dr. Steketee is very conscientious but did not impress me as being nearly so well informed or basically as interested as Mr. Heldring. Another possibility might be Mr. J. Van Der Valk of the NATO/WEU Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in The Hague.

**Belgium:** I don't think off hand of any really good suggestions here. You might want to ask Professor E. Coppeiters de ter Zaele, Director General of the Royal Institute for International Relations in Brussels for suggestions. The address is 88 Avenue de la Couronne, Brussels. Two Belgians whom I met at the last ISS conference were Commandant C. L. Dewulf of the Deuxième Regiment de Guides and M. M. Cockx of the Belgian Embassy in Bonn but I formed no real opinion of either one.

Greece and Turkey: I really have no suggestions to give you here. The First Secretary of the Turkish Embassy in London, Faruk Sahinbas, came to last year's ISS Conference and perhaps Mr. Buchan could give you an opinion of how good a participant he might be in your seminar.

You haven't asked for suggested Swiss participants but I think you should consider seriously Dr. Urs Schwarz, foreign editor of *Neue Zürcher Zeitung* in Zurich. Dr. Schwarz is a very able, well-informed man and his newspaper is one of the most influential in Europe. If you would like some suggestions of Canadian participants, Dr. John Holmes of the Canadian Institute of International Affairs could doubtless help you. The Institute's address is 230 Bloor Street, West, Toronto 5. You might also want to consider Mr. A. E. Gotleib and Mr. Peter Dobell who have been advisors to the Canadian delegation at the Geneva disarmament talks and to the UN General Assembly. General E. L. M. Burns himself would be excellent.

I'll hand your letter to several of my colleagues here for suggestions that may not have occurred to me and shall pass on their additions. Do let me know if I can be of further assistance.

### DENMARK:

Keep in mind
Erik Seydenfaden (Sen), editor of "Information,"
frequent writing on defense problems

Nils Haagerup (jr.), journalist, writer on military
strategy

### CANADA:

Keep in mind
R.J. Sutherland (Sen.), Head of Operations Research
Group, Defense Research Board, Ottawa

James Eayrs (Sen.) Professor of International Relations
University of Toronto, author of books and
articles on Canadian security policy

### HOLLAND:

Keep-in-mind

Try

Defensie Studie Centrum (Defense Studies Center)

Van Alkemadelaan, The Hague
(like a national defense college)

(like a national defense college)
Asu Viknesdelssan, The Haane

Try

Defense Studies Center (Defense Studies Center)

Keep-in-wing

HOLLAND:

articles on Canadian security policy
University of Toronto, author of books and
James Eyre (Ben.) Professor of International Relations

Group, Defense Research Board, Ottawa
R.J. Sutherland (Ben.), Head of Operations Research

Keep in mind
CANADA:

strategically
Mike Hasbernd (Mr.), Journalist, writer on military

Keep in mind

trendset writing on defense problems
Erik Søndersøn (Ben), editor of "Information",

DENMARK:

Mr. Kissinger:

The attached are letters
inviting the addressees to
submit names for considera-
tion for invitation to the
European Defense Seminar
in May and June.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

ROBERT R. BOWIE, Director

ALEX INKELBS
HENRY A. KISSINGER
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING

January 11, 1963

Dear M. Vernant:

At the suggestion of various people in Europe, the Center for
International Affairs is planning to hold an International Seminar on
Defense and Strategy. The suggestions grew, I believe, out of the
joint study which has been going on among the German Foreign Policy
Institute, the Institute for Strategic Studies, and your Centre.

We are thinking in terms of a seminar lasting about two weeks in
late May and early June (say from May 26 to June 8). The seminar would
be primarily for Europeans; and their number should not exceed twenty-
five, in order to allow full and informal discussions and comments.
Groups of five to seven could be invited from Great Britain, France,
and Germany, plus a few from Italy and the smaller countries of the
Alliance,

The members of the Center staff (Messieurs Kissinger, Schelling,
Halperin, myself, and others) would attend the seminar throughout and
could lead some sessions. We would also invite about a dozen other Amer-
icans who have contributed to the field of military strategy to spend
at least three days each at the seminar for specific sessions and informal
discussions.

The selection of the European participants will be crucial to the
success of the seminar. In our view it should consist of key people from
government, academic life, and journalism who have, or will have, influence
during the next few years. Naturally your cooperation in selecting partici-
pants is essential. Could you and your colleagues submit a list of proposed
participants from France (and elsewhere if you see fit) from which we could
make a final selection for issuing personal invitations to the seminars.

As to the expenses for the seminar, the situation is as follows:
The Center will be able to take care of the expenses of all the American
participants and of the Center itself in organizing the seminar. The travel
expenses for the European participants will have to be provided from other
sources. Some of the Germans' have indicated that they will be able to arrange
for travel expenses for their participants. I have spoken informally with
Shepard Stone of the Ford Foundation about whether the Foundation could

assist with the travel expenses of the participants. He has indicated that
the Foundation might be willing to do so on some sort of matching basis.
The Center will arrange for the housing and meals of the participants dur-
ing the seminar. If necessary, the Center can probably cover these living
expenses, though it would be helpful if they could be treated as part of
the traveling expenses. We would prefer that the question of the Ford assis-
tance for travel expenses be handled directly between the Foundation and
the European institutes.

We feel that such a seminar could be valuable in improving the under-
standing and the level of debate on strategy within the Alliance. We hope
that the seminar can be made stimulating and fruitful, and look forward
especially to cooperating with your institute in this effort.

I am writing to Alastair Buchan at the Institute for Strategic Studies
and to Messieurs Erler and Scheuner at the German Foreign Policy Institute
about the proposed seminar.

M. Jacques Vernant
Centre d'Etudes de Politique Etrangère
54, rue de Varenne
Paris VII
France

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

ROBERT R. BOWIS, Director
ALEX INKELLES
HENRY A. KISSINGER
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING

January 11, 1963

Dear Alastair,

At the suggestion of various people in Europe, the Center for
International Affairs is planning to hold an International Seminar on
Defense and Strategy. The suggestions grew, I believe, out of the
joint study which has been going on among the German Foreign Policy
Institute and the Centre d'étude de Politique étrangère and your Institute.

We are thinking in terms of a seminar lasting about two weeks in
late May and early June (say from May 26 to June 8). The seminar would be
primarily for Europeans; and their number should not exceed twenty-five in
order to allow full and informal discussions and comments. Groups of five
to seven could be invited from Great Britain, France, and Germany, plus a
few from Italy and the smaller countries of the Alliance.

The members of the Center staff (Messieurs Kissinger, Schelling,
Halperin, myself, and others) would attend the seminar throughout and could
lead some sessions. We would also invite about a dozen other Americans who
have contributed to the field of military strategy to spend at least three
days each at the seminar for specific sessions and informal discussions.

The selection of the European participants will be crucial to the
success of the seminar. In our view it should consist of key people from
government, academic life, and journalism who have, or will have, influence
during the next few years. Naturally your cooperation in selecting partici-
pants is essential. Could you and your colleagues submit a list of proposed
participants from Great Britain (and elsewhere if you see fit) from which
we could make a final selection for issuing personal invitations to the
seminar.

As to the expenses for the seminar, the situation is as follows:
The Center will be able to take care of the expenses of all the American
participants and of the Center itself in organizing the seminar. The travel
expenses for the European participants will have to be provided from other
sources. Some of the Germans have indicated that they will be able to arrange
for travel expenses for their participants. I have spoken informally with
Shepard Stone of the Ford Foundation about whether the Foundation could

I am writing to M. Vernant at the Centre d'Études de Politique Etrangère and to Messieurs Erler and Scheuner at the German Foreign Policy Institute about the proposed seminar.

Mr. Alastair Buchanan
The Institute for Strategic Studies
18 Adam Street
LONDON W.C.2
England

DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR AUSWARTIGE POLITIK E.V.

STUDIENGRUPPE FÜR RüstUNGSKONTROLLE, RüstUNGSFÜSCHRANKUNG UND INTERNATIONALE SICHERHEIT

BONN AM RHEIN
SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE-STR. 6 · TEL. 31694-97

December 2, 1962

Prof. Robert R. Bowie
Center for International Affairs
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
6, Divinity St.
Cambridge 28, Mass.

Dear Professor Bowie,

as you know we are very concerned about the question of how
to train qualified German post-graduates and journalists in
the field of defense problems. For this reason we were par-
ticularly gratified to hear from Dr. Jacobson about your
positive reaction to the idea of an international defense
seminar to be arranged by the Center for International Affairs
in summer 1963. We are quite aware of the fact that this would
put the burden mainly on you and your colleagues at the Center
on the other hand we are convinced, that such a seminar could
pave the way for a much better understanding of common issues.

It would be advisable to have participants from Great-Britain,
France and Germany, possibly a group of five from each country.
It goes without saying that each group would have to pay for
their participants. We have not yet discussed this matter in
detail with the Institute for Strategic Studies or the Centre
d'Etudes de Politique Etrangère, but we are sure that there
is a general consensus on the desirability of having this
seminar organized in 1963.

- 2 -

From what Dr. Jacobsen told us, it may be possible to have
teachers from the Center of International Affairs as well
as from RAND or other US institutions. It is obvious that
it will be very difficult to organize all this in the course
of the current academic year but as Dr. Jacobsen told us
there is some slight hope that the seminar could be set up
by May or June 1963. Let us add that we feel very encouraged
by your positive response.

Of course, we would also agree if the seminar were scheduled
to take place at any other time in 1963.