THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS
THE COLLEGE

April 4, 1952

APR 8 1952

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Confluence:

Harvard University
10 Weld Hall,
Cambridge 38, Mass.

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

I am very pleased to have *Confluence*, and would like to tell you that the article by Barrett is simply brilliant, and one of the best statements on the old problem of America and Europe I have ever read. I also find Niebuhr's view a challenging and thoughtful commentary on the whole. Indeed, the impression I get from reading the whole issue is, the greater self-awareness of contemporary American thought - illustrated, for instance, in the lack of concern with Marxist stereotypes, such stereotypes as one finds argued with in European articles, both in and outside your journal.

I send along under separate cover some reprints of my own which may interest you for the light they cast on the problems dealt with in this issue.

[L]

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS
COMMITTEE ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

April 18, 1952

Henry A. Kissinger
Confluence
Harvard University

APR 22 1952

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

Thanks for your note of the 14th. I have, indeed, one thought of a possible topic for Confluence, namely an international examination as to whether young people, particularly young university people, have really changed in the ways which some of us have suggested. I recently discussed with Margaret Mead whether the picture of the American undergraduate which William H. Whyte presents in several Fortune articles (see for instance his *Class of 1949*) and the picture which I have presented in Chapter XIII of The Lonely Crowd is correct. She believes that young people are just as adventurous as ever, although they are more matter-of-fact about their adventurousness. It seems to me, on the other hand, that there has been a shift not only in American, but in general undergraduate life in the Western world, and it would seem that you could get people to comment on this.

Let me add that I am myself, at the moment, so rushed and crowded that I could probably not take on an assignment either on this or on any other topic. I nevertheless want to get off to you this suggestion, for I think well of your project and would like to see it prosper. This is also a matter in which I think you could get some of the more gifted undergraduates to do some work.

May 7, 1952

Professor David Riesman
Committee on Human Development
University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Professor Riesman:

Thank you very much for your letter of April 18. It struck so responsive a chord that I wanted to delay answering until I was under somewhat less pressure.

Your suggestion of a topic is an an excellent one and has often occurred to me. I refrained from posing it because I was afraid it would be too difficult to focus and because I was not sure of how much of a response I could get in the United States to such a question. Personally I lean towards your point of view regarding the decreasing adventurousness of the undergraduate. I hesitate to burden you, but I should be very grateful for your suggestions as to how we can abcut meaning- ful articles which are neither too technical nor too maudlin and as to the best manner of getting undergraduate participation. It occurs to me that two challeng- ing articles, one by a European and one by an American could introduce the subject and that it could then be fully explored in the subsequent issue. Could you suggest any United States contributors? Or would you be interested yourself?

I shall leave for Europe for three weeks at the end of the month and shall explore the subject there.

Thank you again for your interest.

HAK:jwm

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS

May 15, 1952

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Confluence
Harvard University

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

MAY 20 1952

I am glad you liked my notion of a symposium on the present attitudes of undergraduates. I have one thought as to how it might be staged. Margaret Mead has the view, as I think I wrote you, that there has been no real change, whereas William H. Whyte Jr., of Fortune magazine, feels quite differently. If you could get them to write, and then submit their papers to gifted undergraduates for comment on the basis of their own observation of undergraduate life, you would have your symposium, would you not? As I wrote you, I am afraid I can't myself take any part in this, though you might be able to take some statements out of my chapter on Americans and Kwakiutls in The Lonely Crowd, which might be used as a jumping-off place.

In Europe is a very good student at the Sorbonne, Philip Oxman, who was a graduate student in the Committee on Social Thought here. I don't know how you might trace him, but I know he has some good observations concerning the differences between American and European youth - he feels the latter are much more vocationally-minded.

Mr. Riesman

-2-

August 6, 1952

We expect to run this symposium through two, and possibly three, issues and we shall invite a number of Asian as well as European contributors. I would be particularly interested to receive from you an article to run together with Aron's to kick off the discussion. If you consent to do this, we would require your article by October 1st. If this deadline proves impossible, we can discuss others later on in the year. Also if you consent to write for us, it might prove useful if we exchanged some letters in order to determine the focus of your article more precisely. We have a modest underwriting which permits us to pay you $100.

If you are unable to undertake this article, I would appreciate your suggestions for possible contributors in various fields — economics, sociology, political science, etc. I am faced with the perennial problem of editors, the printer's deadline, and I would appreciate hearing from you as soon as possible.

I also would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your interest in CONFLUENCE.

HAK:ndj
Encs.-2

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGO 37 ILLINOIS

THE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

AUG 14 1959

AUG 15 1966

RFD 2, Brattleboro, Vt.

August 14.

Dear Mr. Kissinger,

Your letters have arrived, and I turn at once to respond. I much appreciate your asking me to contribute to the two symposia, both of which interest me. But now I am, if anything, still more pressed than I was last spring and even with your extended deadline could not write anything for you.

What I can do, perhaps, is to make suggestions as to other possible contributors. When I read Raymond Aron, whom I much admire, I regret that he has not had the chance to be more steadily in this country, talking with people at his level of understanding whose work, much of it oral, doesn't get across the Atlantic. Thus, there are a number of anthropologists who have been interested in Point IV both as it represents an American ideology (who are its carriers? what is their ethnocentrism?) and as it affects ideologies in the countries to which the Point IV missionaries go. Professor Everett C. Hughes, of the Dep't of Sociology at Chicago, has perhaps the most to say on this; he writes well; he has written a book, "French Canada in Transition," dealing with the spread of industrial patterns and ideologies in Quebec; he is expert on the relation between the mixing of ideas and the mixing of peoples.

Another person at Chicago who might be helpful is Bert Hoselitz, an economic historian, who has been running a seminar on Point IV problems. He is more on the political and economic side than Hughes, but he is very capable; he has recently returned from a mission to San Salvador.

Edward Hall, Jr., is an anthropologist with the Foreign Service Institute of the Dep't of State who has done a good deal of thoughtful work on diffusion of ideologies. He has learned that for people going abroad it is more important to understand US culture (hence themselves) than the culture where they are going. He writes rather loosely; would need editing, but is easy and sensible.

Still another colleague, Professor Milton Singer, head of the College Social Science staff, can now be reached c/o Am. Express, Davos-Platz, Switzerland. Along with Robert Redfield, whose name you probably know, and who would be another, and quite brilliant contributor, he has been working on cross-cultural problems for the Ford Foundation. He has a very critical mind, knows Aron's work, and has wide intellectual horizons. His writing is solid, perhaps a touch on the dull side.

Now for your other area: the media. If an editor has time for such frivolities, you might want to take a look at the recently published symposium called "Creating an Industrial Civilisation" (Harper's), where,

at the round table on Leisure, this issue got discussed. The participants
include the people I would now suggest to you:

My colleague Reuel Denney, now to be reached c/o American Studies.
Program, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis 14. Denney and I have worked
together on the media over a period of years; share some perspectives with
Seldes and disagree on others. As a former Time and Fortune editor, he
can work towards a deadline.

My temporary colleague Mark Denney (whom I may have mentioned in an
earlier letter) c/o Faculty Exchange, Univ. of Chicago, is a former BBC
and movie scriptwriter (Ealing), formerly at LSE (sociology), highly
gifted and imaginative student of the media; he has a lot to say and says
it brilliantly. (Both he and Denney could also comment on the Diffusion
of Ideologies issue, but are perhaps more likely to be original on the
media.)

Eric Larrabee of Harper's, who probably doesn't have time.

Lynn White, Jr., president of Mills College, an amiable and witty
writer who was chairman of our roundtable.

Your own inimitable and irritable Howard Mumford Jones.

Another person who was at the Conference (held last year at Corning)
but at another roundtable is John Kouwenhoven, Professor of English at
Barnard. He is a man of varied gifts - see his brilliant book, "Made in
America" - who could write entertainingly and provocatively on both
topics.

An economist who has a lot to say about ideological diffusion is
Kenneth Boulding of the Univ. of Michigan; he is a witty and gifted writer.

If others come to mind, I'll send them on. All good wishes on both
enterprises.

Brattleboro, Vt., Aug. 15

Dear Mr. Kissinger,

For your media symposium, you have probably thought of Charles Siepmann, prof. of Communications at NYU, whose book, "Radio, TV, and Society," deals somewhat pedantically but thoughtfully with censorship, taste, etc. He along with Seldes are taken very seriously by the media people themselves - as of course are Lazersfeld and Merton of Columbia.

September 15, 1953

Mr. David Riesman
Committee on Human Development
The University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Mr. Riesman:

I am writing to you today about the topics we are currently considering for
CONFLUENCE. I am taking the liberty of bothering you with these because of your
wise suggestions last year. I would very much appreciate your ideas on possible
contributors and, of course, hope that you may be interested in jumping into one
of the discussions.

The topic in which we are most immediately interested is "The Role of Science
in the Twentieth Century." Here I have in mind the contribution of science in the
various disciplines and the impact of science on the modern crisis. These are just
suggestions, however, and a contributor would be perfectly free to concentrate on
any aspect of the problem he considers significant.

The second topic is "The Role of Religion" ("The Influence of Modern Religion").
I do not think that much need be said to clarify this. In general, the effort in all
our discussions is to have each article deal with a specific aspect of the problem
from the point of view of a special discipline or position as an aspect of a more
general position. We try in each discussion to include a treatment of the topic
from the point of view of philosophy, politics, and the humanities. In this way we
hope that CONFLUENCE can make a small contribution towards reintegrating Western
thinking. Perhaps you could keep this in mind when making your suggestions.

I shall greatly appreciated any help you could give me on this. One of
CONFLUENCE's continuing problems (aside from the ever present financial one) is to
attract to its pages the most vital thought.

I should also be very grateful for any suggestions of possible topics for
discussion.

HAK:ndj

OCT 22 1953

October 20, 1953

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
CONFLUENCE
10 Weld Hall
Cambridge 38, Mass.

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

Your letter of September 15th arrived just as I was leaving Vermont to return here and I have been so swamped on arrival that I haven't yet had time to respond. I regret the delay.

I very much appreciate your invitation to contribute--I continue to be a reader and admirer of CONFLUENCE--but I must again also say that I am too busy and preoccupied to do anything for you now. On the role of science, I think of two people whom you probably already know. One is Karl Deutsch of M. I. T. who is a brilliant writer and thinker on this problem and the other, also at M. I. T., is Professor Harold Shepard, who has been working in the field of the sociology of science. From the more scholarly historical perspective you might try Professor Richard Shryock of Johns Hopkins--a recognized authority in the field. There is also Professor Bernard Barber of the sociology department at Barnard College. Barber has written a book on the sociology of science and has a good deal to say, though it is pedantic. Robert Merton's work in this field you have probably heard of, although he is very hard to get anything out of since he is terribly busy.

On the role of religion I would suggest that you try Everett Hughes, again, since he has made a study of the sociology of religion--one of his specialties. I know you tried him once before--now he has got back from Germany and might have more time. In this field, as you know, there is little thought that is neither pious nor debunking.

February 4, 1954

Dear Mr. Riesman:

I am afraid I am abusing you shamelessly, but your suggestions have been so good in the past that I am taking the liberty of writing to you again to ask your advice on a topic which we are now planning for CONFERENCE. For some time now, our European friends have asked us to discuss what they like to call the problem of McCarthyism. I have resisted up to now, because I felt that European views on this subject were uninformed and one-sided. We have, however, formulated the subject now in a manner which I believe permits a useful discussion. The topic we have settled on is "The Ethics of Loyalty," and I am primarily concerned with a discussion about the relationship between the moral maxims of the group and the moral precepts of the individual. Among our American contributors, I hope to get as a subtopic some discussion of the role of the investigating committees in general, their faults but also their accomplishments. But in addition to the narrow political aspects, I would be interested in the more fundamental problem of conformism. I am not asking our European contributors to discuss the issue of the American loyalty problem or of American conformism simply because I think that European views on this are based on entirely false analogies. Instead, I am asking them to deal with their own problem of loyalty either in the form of indigenous Communist parties or the experience of foreign occupations and totalitarianism.

Of course your own work is so very much along these lines that I am very tempted to ask you again to contribute. We could offer you $150 for an essay of about four thousand words, which we would require by April 10th. Should you not be able to do it, however, I would very much appreciate your advice as to possible contributors.

Looking forward to hearing from you.

HAK:ebp

HAK:epb

Henry V. Kiesinger

Sincerely yours,

You not be able to do it, however, I would very much appreciate your assistance as of about four thousand dollars, which we would require by April 10th. I should like to ask you again to contribute. We could offer you $120 for an essay of about four thousand words, which we would require by April 10th. Of course your own work is so very much along these lines that I am very grateful.

Intergenera! Communist parties or the experience of foreign organizations and toget-
her asking them to deal with their own problems of loyalty either in the form of
that European views on these are based on entirely false assumptions. Instead, I
of the American loyalty problem or of American conformity simply because I think
of conformity. I am not asking our European contributors to consider the issue
narrow political aspects. I would be interested in the more fundamental problems
in general, their faults put also their accomplishments. But in addition to the
so get as a subjective some discussion of the role of the investigating committee
the most recent of the issues. Among our American contributors, I hope
with a discussion apart the relationship between the moral weight of the group and
to the one we have settled on is the scope of loyalty," and I am primarily concerned
the subject now in a manner which I believe permits a useful discussion. The
on this subject were mistooked and one-sided. We have, however, summarized
of McCarthyism. I have related no to you, because I left that European views
our European friends have asked me to discuss what they like to call the problem
sake on a topic which we are not planning for COMINTERN. For some time now,
good in the best that I am taking the liberty of writing to you again to ask you
I am sure I am appealing to you sincerely, but your suggestions have been so

Dear Mr. Kiesinger:

Chicago 33, Illinois
The University of Chicago
Committee on Human Development
Mr. David Riezman

February 11, 1954

THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
BALTIMORE 18, MARYLAND

DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL ECONOMY

2/15/54

Dear Mr. Kissinger,

I've kept your letter on my desk in the hope that I'd
find interstices to write something for you, but it doesn't look feasible.
I appreciate your hesititation in asking me. Probably you know my article on
intellectual freedom in the current *American Scholar*, from which of course
you are at liberty to borrow anything for your purposes.

Now as to suggestions. Morton Grodzins, a political scientist at the
Univ. of Chicago, has written a book on national loyalty which I've read part
of in MSS. It is uneven; it has some excellent things, some less exciting
ones, but all is well-written. He has just become Dean of the Social
Science Division there, but has energy and might do something - best if you
could do it without commitment yourself. He is more directly down your alley
than most. Then you might try Marie Jahoda in sociology at NYU. Do you know
her work on compliance? (See the Friedrich edited volume on totalitarianism.)
She writes well, and has lots to say, has done a study of loyalty in the
federal government.

On the investigating committees, you should try Robert Gorham Davis of
Smith College, who testified before the Velde Committee and who has thought a
great deal about the committees and their role, who has a very sophisticated
mind, and writes well.

An interesting contributor to trans-Atlantic debate is Michael Polanyi -
do you know his work? He's temporarily at the Univ. of Chicago from Manchester.

What you say about your plans for the issue is sensible, and I look
forward to it. And I'll try to think further about suggestions.

December 10, 1954

Mr. David Reisman
Committee on Human Development
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Dear Mr. Reisman:

I am writing to you to inquire into the possibility of your collaborating with Confluence, a quarterly published under the auspices of Harvard University. As you may know, it is a review designed to give European and American intellectuals an opportunity to exchange views of contemporary problems in politics, philosophy and the humanities without attempting to enforce the conformity which too often is taken as a badge of good faith. Each issue is in the form of a symposium on two subjects of mutual interest with each topic carrying through two issues. Among our contributors have been Reinhold Niebuhr, Raymond Aron, Alberto Moravia, Karl Jaspers, Byron Dexter, Andre Malraux and John LaFarge. I am enclosing a recent copy for your information.

We are planning a topic on which I would very much appreciate your contribution. It deals generally with the function of religion at the present time. I would like to have some of our authors deal with this topic from the point of view of religion and politics, others from that of religion and ideologies, and still others from that of religion and science. I thought you might be interested in writing on the sociological aspect of religion in America.

I am most hopeful that you will be able to do a piece for us on this topic, and I would require it by January 15. We are in a position to offer you $150 for an article of about three to four thousand words. If you yourself do not feel able to write for us at the present time, I would much appreciate it if you could suggest possible contributors for this topic, and let me know where I can get in touch with them.

Perhaps you would let me know about this as soon as possible.

HAK:jm
Enclosure

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY
1126 EAST 59TH STREET

December 14, 1954

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Confluence
Harvard University
10 Weld Hall
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

I know Confluence, of course, and admire it greatly. Only last
week I was out at the Argonne National Laboratories and made use
of Mr. Denney's fine article in discussion there. I would like
very much to be able this time to accede to your request for an
article but, again, you find me pressed.

I do, however, have one suggestion to make which I would like for
you to consider. In connection with my research in Kansas City,
I have from time to time made informal notes for our research com-
mittee about the place of religion in the city. I have commented,
for instance, on the role of the men's Bible class at a particu-
lar Methodist church, on "mixed marriages" among Protestants, for
instance, Presbyterians marrying Episcopalians. I have commented
also on a recent article about Eisenhower's religion in terms of
his mother's becoming a Jehovah's Witness. All these comments
are random, occasional, and incidental. It occurs to me that what
I might do is to bring them together separated by spaces, as a
series of observer's notes on American Protestantism without in
the least changing their original form. Would it make sense for
me to try this? The difficulty, given your audience, would seem
that it is much too spotty a sort of reporting and there would be
no opportunity to try to present a rounded picture--something I
could not do anyway.

As for other possible contributors, you might think once more of
my colleague, Everett Hughes, with whom you have been in cor-
respondence and who is one of the most brilliant and subtle ob-
servers of religion in this country. It is probably too late for
you to get an article from Lloyd Warner, another colleague, who
is on leave in Cambridge, England, but I am giving you his address
just in case (21 Chaucer Road). He has thought a good deal about
the role of religion in this country and the fifth volume of "The
Yankee City Series" will deal extensively with it.

DEC 17 1954

December 17, 1954

Mr. David Riesman
Department of Sociology
University of Chicago
1126 East 59th Street
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Mr. Riesman:

Thank you for your letter of December 14. I confess that I have not seen the pieces to which you refer, but they seem extremely interesting. I am not particularly concerned whether they present a rounded picture or not. It occurs to me that it might prove possible for you to write an introductory paragraph or two, indicating what you are doing and on what material your conclusions are based, and perhaps a concluding paragraph or two. I have often felt that random notes of this nature prove extremely interesting.

Would you be able to get the material to me fairly soon?
I am looking forward to seeing it.

HAK:jm

To: Kansas City Staff

From: David Riesman

Notes on This and That. No. 21. "A Late Conversion."

In an article in Life magazine, by Paul Hutchinson, entitled "The President's Religious Faith," is an extraordinary account of the religion of the President's mother. She had belonged to the River Brethren, a pacifist sect originating in Pennsylvania (analogous to the Mennonites) and apparently strongly resented her son's entrance into the Military Academy and his career as a soldier. Late in life, she became a Witness--it would seem because she disapproved of the laxity shown towards the War (and perhaps toward her son?) by the other members of the group of River Brethren to which she and her whole family belonged in Abilene, Kansas.

This would seem one of those few cases where the person grows more radical with age rather than less so and where a protest is made not by a young person against his parents but by a parent against a child. It is perhaps a mark of the shift in power of the generations, that a parent is forced by a child's action to become a radical!

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS

December 29, 1954

JAN 3 1955

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger, Editor
Confluence

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

You win! As soon as your letter
came I started in on the article
and hope to have it for you be-
fore too long. I will try to get
it to you before your earlier
deadline but appreciate the re-
prieve you have made available.

What I now have in mind will be
quite long and I hope you will
have room for it. These notes
are discursive and when I add ex-
planation and introduction it will
be substantial.

DR:ac

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS

January 7, 1955

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Confluence
10 Weld Hall
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

I finished the article and it is now
being typed. However, it needs to be
"cleared" by my colleagues in the Kan-
sas City study since it draws on con-
fidential materials.

I hope they will make no objection but
I cannot be sure. I myself will be
away for a week and will write you and
hope to have clearance for you on my
return.

DR:ac

P.S. I should add that I would like very much to have any edi-
torial suggestions of yours about the article and criticisms
of any points that seem to you wrong or misstated, or where
easy clarification can be obtained. I have called the last sec-
tion "Conclusions" but it is not really that--simply more ideas--
and perhaps a more descriptive label can be found.

January 23rd

P.S. #2. I have held this letter pending approval of the article by my colleagues in Kansas City who would have reason to fear reper-cussions from any feedback there. They are especially worried about any discussion concerning the Catholic Bishop who is still alive and kicking. But this is about the only question that have so far raised and not resolved. Perhaps the thing to do is to go into type if you are now ready for that step and, meanwhile, I shall hear from them and any part that they would think too dangerous could be cut out in the galleys.

Jan. 31.

P.S. #3. My wife was in Boston last weekend and telephoned you (no answer) at Weld Hall Saturday to tell you that the article was still being held up - now because I have a few new ideas to add, and have been traveling. I trust you can still wait a few more days; if not, please wire me c/o Larrabee, 12 E. 9th, NYC 3, where I shall be till Wednesday. I expect to complete the piece by then or at latest this coming weekend, and you will then have it in I trust "cleared" as well as final form. I can't say I'm sorry for the delay because I think the article will benefit, but I hope your issue hasn't been held up. Meanwhile, this "installment" of postscripts!

February 16, 1955

Mr. David Riesman
Department of Sociology
1126 East 59th Street
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Mr. Riesman:

I have read your article now, and with great interest. I think it succeeds in conveying precisely what it sets out to do, a glimpse of various sects, and it thereby gives an extremely useful insight into the American approach to religion. If my reaction to it will be at all typical it will prove of exceptional interest to all our readers both in Europe and in the United States.

My suggestions are rather technical and minor. I think the great strength of the article is precisely its randomness, the perceptive glimpse it affords into various aspects of religion as practiced by different social groups in this country. I think that the first six pages with their effort to systematize are a little bit out of harmony with this. I think particularly pages 2 and 3 could well be condensed or made into a footnote so that one would get to the meat of the article a little more quickly.

My reactions to the various notes vary. In general I think that the first two would gain by condensation, particularly since some of the ideas of the Easter Service are repeated again. For example, your page 11a is somewhat repeated in your page 29. As models of incisive and perceptive reporting, I thought I would like to mention the "High and Dry", "Unity; Kansas City's Own," and the "Reality of Evil." Some of the others will be a little bit too concise for our foreign readers. I think the chapter on the religion of the President's mother should be expanded by several paragraphs explaining a little bit more about her background. I also think that the conclusion you draw from it regarding the President's conciliatory personality deserves to be put in the text and perhaps expanded a little bit. I also thought that the chapter "Smoke Gets in your Eyes" might be somewhat expanded, although I don't feel strongly about that.

Unless you have a particular reason for wishing the various sections to be in their present order, I would suggest moving "An Easter Service" to before "Methodical Methodism." I think its dramatic impact is greater and frames the subject more powerfully. Again, I do not insist on this at all. I would recommend, however, that you look over the first two sections on

Mr. David Riesman

2,

February 16, 1955

"Methodical Methodism" and "An Easter Service", aiming for some condensation, maybe by ten per cent.

All my other suggestions are petty. I am not sure that you should not expand references to the Christian Church, since I feel many of our readers will not know that you are talking about a sect. They may also have difficulty with such phrases as "near leakage Catholic."

I think you will find that most of these suggestions are really quite minor and will not require too much work. I am very glad that my persistence has finally paid off, and I am more than satisfied with the article. Could you let me know, please, what you think of my proposals? I would like to get the article back by April 1 at the very latest.

With many thanks for the pains you have taken,

HAK:jm

P.S. I have made a note that you would like three galleys of your article and also that you would like 400 reprints. The price of 400 offprints would be in the neighborhood of $100, and I think reprints might be even more.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
CHICAGO 37 · ILLINOIS
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

March 2, 1955

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger, Editor
Confluence
Harvard University
10 Weld Hall
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

All your suggestions have been extremely helpful and I
have gone over the article with them in mind.

I do not feel, on re-reading, that pages 2 and 3 could
be condensed since it is important for me to give the
intellectual background out of which this sort of ob-
servation grows. However, I did footnote, as you will
see, the paragraph on pages 5 and 6--provided your
agree this makes sense.

You will see also that I have taken your idea of putting
the Easter Service at the beginning and have done some
re-arranging which I think is advantageous. I made sub-
stantial cuts here, as you will see, and also in the ac-
count of "Methodical Methodism." However, when it comes to
expanding some of the themes, such as that of the Presi-
dent's mother's religion, I felt I could not do this
without exhaustive further work for which I do not have
time or opportunity. The same goes for "Smoke Gets in
Your Eyes." I have tried to clarify references to the
Christian Church and one or two other points and, as I
say, I have been very much aided by your suggestions.

The price for offprints is high but perfectly all right.

Dr. Bryant, the Director of Community Studies in Kansas
City, would like to have one further opportunity to check
this manuscript. Rather than sending him the manuscript
and running the risk of delay, I have promised to send him
galleys (I also think changes are less likely to be made
when material is finally in type). Therefore, could you
send him a set of galleys directly--to Community Studies,
Inc., 417 East 13th Street, Kansas City 6, Missouri? If
in the meantime you have further suggestions and comments
there is still time to go into them.

DR:ac
enclosure

March 3, 1955

Dear Mr. Riesman:

I am sorry to be overwhelming you with letters, but your advice on our editorial problems has proved so useful in the past that I am taking the liberty of soliciting it again.

We are now preparing a topic on which platitudes abound and on which I would very much like to get some non-technical articles. It concerns the relation of advanced to underdeveloped areas. Obviously much is written about this, usually from the economic point of view, but I would like to have it dealt with also from the cultural and sociological approaches, and not only by dealing with the problems of South East Asia, but also by considering the question of underdeveloped areas within the confines of one country, for example Southern Italy and certain regions of South America.

Who has thought about this in an unsuperficial way? I understand that Professor Hoselitz at Chicago has done a very interesting paper on the impact of the city in various civilizations. This would be the sort of thing I have in mind. I would be very grateful for your advice on this problem.

I am looking forward to your reaction to my editorial suggestions.

I do hope that when you come through Cambridge we will have a chance to talk.

Kind regards.

HAK:jm

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS

March 21, 1955

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Confluence
Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

Thank you very much for your letter. I am glad you think that my changes fill the bill. I might be able to say just a little more about the sect of the President's mother which would make it a bit more il-luminating for Europeans. Would you send the article back to me so that I can do this - do send it insured.

I think you are very good at thinking of topics for *Confluence* to discuss and none occurs to me at the moment which I want to suggest to you.

DR:ac

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

1126 EAST 59TH STREET

May 19, 1955

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger, Editor
Confluence
10 Weld Hall
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

Many thanks for the galleys. The changes you have made are, ~~but~~ so capable that they are not noticed and your Roman numerals are very welcome indeed.

I have run into unexpected trouble on clearance problems and have had to make revisions both in the Erik Erikson section and in several others stemming from Kansas City. The people involved had more than ample time to see these matters prior to their going into galley - but you know how things are. Otherwise the proofs would have gone off long since. As it is, they will be in your hands Monday, May 23. I have tried to hold changes, as you will see, to a minimum and I think you should charge me for anything that is beyond the normal.

DR:ac

P.S. I still want 400 reprints as per the enclosed, or rather offprints, since the latter are cheaper.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

May 21.

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

A few notes on the galleys. On #5 - note the
Roman I at the head. Gal. 6, 3rd par., 45h 1. from bottom - cut
"some" only to save reset. Gal. 7, bottom par., 3rd 1. from top -
can cut "too" if needed to save reset.

Gal. 9 - Ft. Worth seemed only comparable city with about as
many letters as K.C. - this change demanded by our K.C. field
director, who also demanded the change about the Irish Bishop.

Gal. 12. Erik Erikson (after "clearing" the original) wired
that new developments among touchy Pittsburgh people made it
desirable to leave him out of it, and I've reluctantly had to agree.

I'd be glad to read page proofs on this (can get them back within
a day of receipt) if you like. The galleys are beautifully clean.
Could you drop me a card as to when I may expect reprints.

Gal. 9 - by starting with a new paragraph on 5th 1. of par.
after cross-head, we should save reset - and shifting
to "Hamburg" should make the room here. If not, cut the "Mr."
before Rosenthal.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

May 26, 1955

Mr. Henry Kissinger
Confluence
Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

If my piece has gone into page proof just
throw this note away, but if not I made a
change in the last paragraph because it
looked as if the National Council of
Churches of Christ had left out "of Christ"
in their new letterhead but on recently
checking I see that they have not and this
is still a perfectly satisfactory way of
referring to them. Thus, no change needs
to be made there.

DR:ac

August 24, 1955

Mr. David Riesman
University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Mr. Riesman:

Mr. Kissinger asked me to send you a copy of the following
letter, which we received here in the office.

Having just read David Riesman's article in this
issue of Confluence. I am astounded that a publication,
of Harvard coverage, would print it.

There is one thing the Creator gave the skunk and
this review reeks with it.

Perhaps, if he had gone into the various churches and
groups with an open mind and remembered these were houses
dedicated to God, he may have seen them in a different
color.

He himself, proved a cowardly personality - the truth
shall make you free.

Why not the truth?

Why not say they were there, being paid, to study the
major religious trends.

He, surely, would have felt more manly than he could
have when he told, someone kind enough to want to make them
feel welcome, they were from Chicago. I think she went
home richer than he. We, generally, get what we look for.
He surely knows we don't measure a man by his shirt.

Righteous - not religion.

Patriotism - not politics and then we have what this country
was founded on.

September 8, 1955

Mr. David Riesman
Department of Sociology
University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Mr. Riesman:

In the press of our International Seminar I have not had
time to write. I do not know what reactions you have received about
your article but the responses here has been exceptional. I have sent
you the one crackpot letter we received, but apart from that the
comments have been very favorable indeed. How do you feel about
having it reprinted in Europe?

I also would like to ask your advice about the next topic
we are preparing, which deals with the impact of nuclear power on
society. I have not formulated the topic too precisely because I
want to leave scope for various approaches to the problem, but
obvious sub-topics concern the impact of nuclear power on the system
of sovereign states, the relation of the scientist to society, the
reconciliation between security and originality in nuclear research,
and so forth. I would very much like to find some American contri-
butor who could deal with the impact of nuclear power on American
consciousness. It seems to me that there is a great difference in
this respect between Europe and the United States, but your sugges-
tions for contributors on any other aspect would be greatly appre-
ciated.

We are also planning a topic for some time next year for
the centennial of the birth of Woodrow Wilson which will deal with
the reappraisal of the ideas and forces he represented. I shall
write to you at greater length about this later on.

I look forward to hearing from you. Best regards.

October 11, 1955

Mr. David Riesman
The College
The University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Mr. Riesman:

Thank you very much for your letter of
September 17. I am really most grateful to you for all
the interest you have taken in our effort, and I hope you
realize that you have a standing invitation to write for
Confluence whenever any of our themes strike you as
interesting. We have written to Mr. Meier as you
suggested, and are hoping to hear from him soon.

I am spending much of my time during this
academic year with the Council on Foreign Relations, doing
a book with the rather pretentious title of The Impact of the
Nuclear Period on the Conduct of Foreign Policy.

I had lunch with Eric Iarrabee last week and he told
me that you come to New York from time to time. It would be
nice indeed if we could have a chance to meet on one of your
next visits. I still cannot understand how it was that we
missed getting together while you were at the Summer School,
but then the summer is the busiest time for me.

I hope to see you when you come to New York.

Best regards.

March 26, 1956

Mr. David Riesman
Department of Sociology
The University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Mr. Riesman:

I would like to ask your advice about a topic we are now considering for Confluence, and I would appreciate any suggestions you may have with respect to possible contributors.

The topic we are planning concerns the function of education in the present time. Specifically, it has seemed to us that one very important clue to various systems of value, of tradition, and of social purpose can be found in the concepts of the role of education held by different peoples. How do they conceive of the problem of education? What importance is given to the family, the church and the university and other like institutions in this respect? How do non-Europeans conceive the role of the Western type university established in their midst? What changes are occurring in European universities? Are they in some significant way adjusting to the new position of Europe in the world? What does the university prepare the young man for — a profession, political leadership, a position as a technician, or capacity to get on with others of different cultures? What influence do universities and other schools have on modifying the habits of a people, and throwing into question certain traditional cultural beliefs? In short, what is the impact of education on religious belief, political behavior, and cultural values generally?

Do you know anyone who would be interested in writing for us on this topic? I would very much appreciate having your suggestions.

Kind regards.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

1126 EAST 59TH STREET

March 30, 1956

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

A few weeks ago in my function as a member of the Editorial Board of the *American Scholar*, I wrote Hiram Haydn a number of suggestions concerning an issue to be devoted to education. Since it is free for all territory and since in any case I somewhat doubt if he will go ahead with it, more power to you.

In the first place, I am sending you under separate cover a couple of lectures I am giving shortly at the University of Nebraska - not for your own inclusion in *Confluence* (since these are committed to be a book for the University of Nebraska Press) but, on the one hand, for possible leads and, on the other, in the hope of eliciting criticism and suggestions from you. You will see from them that I have profited from Everett Hughes' work on American Academia and I hesitate to suggest him as a writer for you since I know I have before and since I know it is difficult to get an article out of him. However, I now know that he wants to do something on the American college and its social mobility so that I would suggest you try him again.

One of the best books I know on the social role of education is Warner, *Havighurst* and Loeb, *Who Shall Be Educated?*. I don't know why you shouldn't try to get something from Lloyd Warner on the role of the school in the whole American pattern of sorting people out for different slots and how this compares with the European pattern. He has recently spent a year in Cambridge, England, and he might well have some observant cross-cultural things to say. (The same is true of George Homans who succeeded him at Cambridge.)

2

Concerning the impact of political behavior on education - turning around your final question - I suggest you get in touch with A. J. Brodbeck at the Psychology Department of Boston University who has been working on this topic and with Arnold Rogaw of the Political Science Department of the University of Iowa (both have worked on the problem of freedom in the secondary school for the Fund for the Republic). On the diversity of models in American secondary schools, you should get in touch with James Coleman of the Sociology Department at Columbia who is now at the Ford Center.

You probably know about the large-scale Academic Freedom Study (referred to in my lectures) conducted last spring for the Fund for the Republic by Paul Lazarsfeld and Louis Harris. No comparable study has been made of the social backgrounds of social scientists nor of their belief systems and I think an article could well be drawn from this material that would be relevant for *Confluence*.

These are early reactions and as I think about it some more, I may have others.

Let me say how delighted I am to learn from Mort Grodzins, with whom I have had several discussions of the matter, that you will be with us next year. I hope this works out well for you and I know it will be an addition for us.

DR:ac

Henry V. Klaaruger

Sincerely yours,

Kind regards.

a chance to talk.)
in Cambridge, I do not really think we ever had
of meeting you personally. (Despite our meeting
Chicago next year and barbiturily to the chance
I too am looking forward to being in
of them.

excellent, and I have already written to several
your suggestions for contributors were

abendoctoym which laid me down for some time.
somewhere, but I have only just recovered from a
March 30 and April 30. I would have reprinted
Thank you for your two letters of

Dear Mr. Rieaman:

Chicago 31, Illinois
1150 East 28th Street
The University of Chicago
Department of Sociology
Mr. David Rieaman

May 10, 1926

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

October 17, 1956

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

In Mr. Riesman's absence from the Uni-
versity for several days I want to ack-
nowledge receipt of your letter and the
latest issue of Confluence.