To the Chairman of THE NEWS,

Sir: A good many appeals for financial assistance have presented themselves to students here this year. The condition of Europe made this inevitable. Just now another call comes, this time to the Seniors. Yale-in-China finds herself unable to send and support a one-year man. Yet a one-year man must be sent to take care of those things which have been so essential in the life of Yali, and which the resident staff have not the time to provide for. Such work must go on. Yali is in the vital stage of development, for although the work that has been done is monumental, its chief significance is in its promise for the future.

If funds can be raised the Yale-in-China committee wishes to send a representative from 1916 to Yali for one year. The Class of 1913 did this. It would be possible this year if each man could contribute three dollars. Since it will be impossible for all to do this, some who are in a position to, might well make larger contributions.

Perhaps it does not seem as generous to send money to China now as to place it in Belgium to help a stricken people. Yet the investment in Yali of $1,000 would probably do more good in the long run. For in this case it is construction; in the other case it is repair work.

In starting a precedent like this an enviable record would be established by 1916.

ROBERT S. OLIVER, 1916.

## Senior Yali Fund.

To the Chairman of THE NEWS,

Sir: An appeal was made recently in THE NEWS to the Class of 1916 to raise a fund of $1,000 to send a member of that class to China to continue the work of the Society of Yali. Usually a movement of such a character receives prominence and promise of support for a short while and then enthusiasm dies down, the collection of the necessary money is difficult, and the project fails. When men are approached to give a sum even of small denomination for some charitable organization or one carrying on such work as that of Dr. Grenfell or the Society of Yali there is always a group which develops a sudden temporary financial embarrassment lasting until the collector has left the entry, leaving the actual contribution to come largely from a minority. It seems that in this case as the amount desired is to stand as the offering of the Class of 1916 every individual in it should feel it not only his duty, but should take pride in contributing the three dollars requested or some portion of it, thus making it in reality a class fund. In giving his money to this cause he is sure of contributing not only to the honor of his class, but to a work of great merit for which Yale stands sponsor.
H. J. CROCKER, JR.

## CHINA

Ending June 17, 1916.

by some 800 annual subscriptions. In the School and College at Changchun are about forty in the two Nursing (en). The new Medical School been pupils who have been taking pre-

spital staff average 2,000 a month. It supports three beds, an American Chinese nurse. In addition, including the hospital.

### GENERAL FUNDS.

<table><tr><td>Operations..................</td><td>$ 22,176.58</td></tr><tr><td>7, 1916).......................</td><td>1,487.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>3,175.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 27,838.58</td></tr></table>

### DMITURES.

<table><tr><td>Yangsha staff...............</td><td>$ 17,184.08</td></tr><tr><td>1916).......................</td><td>6,210.23</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>292.19</td></tr><tr><td>16, 1915) paid ............</td><td>3,807.19</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 27,493.69</td></tr><tr><td>16).......................</td><td>344.89</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 27,838.58</td></tr></table>

Accounting, special gifts totaling $10,800 to building.

### ADMINISTRATION ACCOUNT.

#### EIPTS.

<table><tr><td>1914-5.......................</td><td>$ 3,186.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>344.25</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>405.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 3,935.25</td></tr></table>

#### DMITURES.

<table><tr><td>1914-5.......................</td><td>710.69</td></tr><tr><td>1915-6.......................</td><td>1,921.31</td></tr><tr><td>1915-6, etc..................</td><td>1,294.30</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 3,926.30</td></tr><tr><td>16).......................</td><td>8.95</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 3,935.25</td></tr></table>

## MEDICAL BOARD

### Missionary Society:

<table><tr><td>REIVED.</td><td>$ 16,200.00</td></tr></table>

### NDED.

<table><tr><td>rs, teachers and</td><td>$ 13,053.72</td></tr><tr><td>ted (Dr. Branch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1,500.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>14.55</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>405.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>400.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 15,473.27</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>726.73</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 16,200.00</td></tr></table>

# YALE IN CHINA

## Fiscal Year Ending June 17, 1916.

The work is supported by some 800 annual subscriptions.

There are 200 students in the School and College at Changsha. In addition there are about forty in the two Nursing Schools (men and women). The new Medical School begins this fall with fifteen pupils who have been taking premedical studies.

Treatments by the hospital staff average 2,000 a month.

The Woman's League supports three beds, an American woman physician and a Chinese nurse.

Eight buildings completing, including the hospital.

### GENERAL FUNDS.

<table><tr><td>General subscriptions</td><td>$ 22,176.58</td></tr><tr><td>Specially designated subscriptions</td><td>1,487.00</td></tr><tr><td>C. M. B. (for J. W. Williams)</td><td>1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Indebtedness at Bank (June 17, 1916)</td><td>3,175.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 27,838.58</td></tr></table>

### EXPENDITURES.

<table><tr><td>Salaries and allowances to Changsha staff</td><td>$ 17,184.08</td></tr><tr><td>General: School and Hospital</td><td>6,210.23</td></tr><tr><td>Interest</td><td>292.19</td></tr><tr><td>Indebtedness to Bank (June 16, 1915) paid</td><td>3,807.19</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 27,493.69</td></tr><tr><td>Balance on hand (June 17, 1916)</td><td>344.89</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 27,838.58</td></tr></table>

In addition to the above accounting, special gifts totaling $5,000.00 have been applied to building.

## ADMINISTRATION ACCOUNT.

### RECEIPTS.

<table><tr><td>Subscriptions</td><td>$ 3,186.00</td></tr><tr><td>Lecture fees, etc.</td><td>344.25</td></tr><tr><td>C. M. B.</td><td>405.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 3,935.25</td></tr></table>

### EXPENDITURES.

<table><tr><td>Salary of Secretary, balance due 1914-5</td><td>710.69</td></tr><tr><td>on account year 1915-6</td><td>1,921.31</td></tr><tr><td>Printing, postage, clerical, travel, etc.</td><td>1,294.30</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 3,926.30</td></tr><tr><td>Total Expenditures</td><td>$ 3,935.25</td></tr><tr><td>Balance on hand (June 17, 1916)</td><td>8.95</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 3,935.25</td></tr></table>

## CHINA MEDICAL BOARD

In Account with Yale Foreign Missionary Society:

### RECEIVED.

From China Medical Board $ 16,200.00

### EXPENDED.

<table><tr><td>Salaries and expenses of doctors, teachers and nurses</td><td>$ 13,053.72</td></tr><tr><td>Two bungalow-homes constructed (Dr. Branch and Dr. Davidson)</td><td>1,500.00</td></tr><tr><td>Dr. Hume, travel</td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr><td>Candidates' expenses</td><td>14.55</td></tr><tr><td>Administration</td><td>405.00</td></tr><tr><td>Kuling, summer rent</td><td>400.00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 15,473.27</td></tr><tr><td>Balance on hand</td><td>$ 16,200.00</td></tr></table>

["YALE'S WORK IN CHINA", "BY AMOS P. WILDER", "\"Yale-in-China\" consists of a high school, collegiate and medical departments at Changsha, Hunan Province. The official title of the organization is the \"Yale Foreign Missionary Society, Inc.\" It began with a group of earnest, praying men, (as all such projects do), chiefly of the class of 1898. Timothy Dwight was the first president. It was determined to localize the effort in China and to confine it to higher education. The first man sent out was Lawrence Thurston, '98. He went to Peking and began the study of the language. He was invited to locate the work in Hunan by the missionary bodies of that province, which promised to turn over their students to the Yale group for secondary education. Thurston selected Changsha, the Capitol City, as the location, but he himself never saw it, as he died in a short time. Seabury, '00, was another pioneer in the Yale project, cut off early by drowning at Kuling. The determined and consecrated lives of these young men may be found in book form.", "\"Ya-li,\" as the work is called, has grown steadily since their time. It represents persistent effort. The original intent to make it a distinctively Christian institution has been followed. There is no theological test required of the missionaries beyond the fact of church membership; but apart from professional qualification (two degrees are essential for permanent appointment), investigation is made to determine whether those who go will be in sympathy with the men and women on the ground, and their aims. Merely to sharpen up the wits of clever Chinese that they may the better prey on their countrymen is no service to China. On the other hand, to contribute an increasing stream of highly educated natives of Christian principle to be teachers, physicians, preachers, engineers and the like, in the new China is about as constructive and far-reaching work as the Almighty has entrusted to men.", "Annual Yale-Ex-President William", "Ex-President William '09 M., the latter being the features of the annual Dwight Hall on the campus, was a large audience at the meeting, and the merry and serious tones of the Chinese who attended the meeting, and the altars of the altars of the altars of the altars

YALE'S WORK IN CHINA

port of the work was contributed in 1914-15 by 587 givers, of whom all but forty-four were graduates of Yale. In the previous year 713 graduates gave, also sixty-four non-Yale givers, showing the falling-off due to the war. Among last year's gifts to this $25,000 were two of $1,000; seventy-one of $100 or over; sixty-three of $50; seventy-nine of $25.00; seventeen of $20.00; 136 of $10.00; 128 of $5.00. In one class (1910) there were seventy-two givers last year, thanks to an energetic class agent.

There is a type of graduate who can't see what Yale is doing in China, despite the regeneration in that country due largely to Chinese "returned students"; and now and then the man who is "against missions" is heard from. And there is provincialism—a lot of good people in this remote New England don't know that there is any Orient nor any awakening Chinese nation of a fourth of a human race. Meanwhile Ya-li with its 180 high school and college students; forty nurses in training; twenty pre-medical students and a big hospital work is marching on. Numerically it is stronger than Yale College was after a century.

Annual Yale-in-China Meeting

Ex-President William Howard Taft, '78, and Dr. F. C. Yen, '00 M., the latter being in the United States on leave, were the features of the annual meeting of Yale in China held in Dwight Hall on the evening of Commencement Sunday. It was a large audience, many of the wives of returning graduates accompanying their husbands. Professor Taft was both merry and serious as he recalled respectively the confusion of the Chinese who observed first the unprincipled foreign trader and the altruistic mission workers from the same Christian country; he made clear, in the second place, that such centers as Ya-li do a great deal more for the Chinese than to educate, heal, or convert them. He said he was proud to have his college project itself in this fashion into the potential New China. There is need in the Orient, which has fared badly at the hands of foreigners in some respects, for this new demonstration of better Americanism.

Dr. Yen was greeted with enthusiasm. He recalled that seven years before, in the same hall, he was given farewell. He remarked the strategic importance of Changsha, saying that one of the two important coal mines of the country owned by the government is situated within one hundred miles. One of the two great gold mines is nearby and seven-

tenths of the antimony of the work of the Chinese in the Pekino and London to sell this product. Ya-li plant is one of the two or four central provinces of China, cooperation by the Chinese with the Ya-li hospital but in other hostels, and financed, turning over the suppliers, of whom there are now five, the former suspicion and hatred, expelled all foreigners from the part of the natives is noteworthy.

Professor F. Wells Williams, '79 committee, reported for the year, buildings and the medical school to B. W. Bacon, '81, reported for these new Councillors being elected permanent membership caused by Cooper, '65, Payson Merrill of the 1916-1921 classes, elective members Morse, '62; H. P. Beach, '78; Lew Wright, '68; L. P. Breckenridge, themselves. The financial report decreases in the indebtedness, which

THE NORTH AMERICAN STUDENT

New Haven committee has changed little in personnel since inception of the work. Clarence H. Kelsey, the New Haven, is the president; Y. T. Tsur, director of the College" of Peking, vice-president; there is a president and twenty elective members (serving in groups of four years each). These councillors are well-known men. But little is required of them. The Executive Committee has an average of two afternoons a month to consider the affairs of the Society. A. P. Wilder is the Secretary and treasurer, with an office at 5 White Hall on the

ing the last dozen years some twenty-five men in all came to Changsha for a longer or shorter time, to teach on the medical side. The practice has sprung up of a man of each graduating class at Yale going to Ya-li for teaching, sometimes at their own expense. They come enthusiastic and some continue in the service of the misera. The medical work, beginning in a small way with a boy, has become important, due to two unusual men, Edward H. Hume and Dr. F. C. Yen, the latter a Yale- Chinese. These have so won the confidence of the Chinese that a medical school is being organized in which the students are sharing in the control and expense. The China Board has been impressed by this achievement and re- edged itself to maintain certain highly trained medical

the financial side the burden is heavy, but until last year had concluded without a deficit. It is necessary, but annually about $25,000. This is apart from build- ings, apart from the aid promised by the China Medical College, and apart from the cost of administration. Some has been raised for new buildings now being con- In addition is the hospital, now building, a very individual gift. The approximate $25,000 for the sup-

YALE'S WORK IN CHINA

FACULTY OF YALE COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, CHANGSHA

AN OMEGA LAMBDA CHI RESPONSE TO A STILL ALARM

YALE'S WORK IN CHINA

THE NORTH AMERICAN STUDENT

New Haven committee has changed little in personnel
the inception of the work. Clarence H. Kelsey, the New
nancier, is the president; Y. T. Tsur, director of the
nity College" of Peking, vice-president; there is a
of twenty permanent members, three representatives
american Board (with which the Society is loosely affili-
and twenty elective members (serving in groups of
four years each). These councillors are well-known
es. But little is required of them. The Executive Com-
gives an average of two afternoons a month to con-
ion of the affairs of the Society. A. P. Wilder is the
and treasurer, with an office at 5 White Hall on the

ing the last dozen years some twenty-five men in all
ne to Changsha for a longer or shorter time, to teach
on the medical side. The practice has sprung up of
er of each graduating class at Yale going to Ya-li for
teaching, sometimes at their own expense. They come
husiastic and some continue in the service of the mis-
the medical work, beginning in a small way with a
ry, has become important, due to two unusual men,
ward H. Hume and Dr. F. C. Yen, the latter a Yale-
l Chinese. These have so won the confidence of the
hat a medical school is being organized in which the
are sharing in the control and expense. The China
Board has been impressed by this achievement and re-
edged itself to maintain certain highly trained medical

the financial side the burden is heavy, but until last
year had concluded without a deficit. It is necessary
President, Treasurer, and one, Incorporated, for the Year 1916

(By Thomas DeWitt Cuyler, '74, President of the Committee of Twenty-one)

The activities of the Yale Committee of Twenty-one dur-
ing the year have been largely confined to developing its
present resources, without any larger expenditure of money
or any further effort in raising large sums to complete the
work, it being the opinion of the Committee that with the
existing facilities already provided, the athletic activities of
the University have been largely increased and an opportunity
given to the undergraduates to avail themselves of the same,
and that any concerted effort during the year to increase
largely the funds in hand would have been a mistake, owing
to the large demands upon Yale graduates and the public
at large for war and other benefactions. A statement of the
Committee's finances is here given:

FINANCES

<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Total amount raised to date by subscriptions, less reductions and cancellations is</td>
      <td style="text-align: right;">$635,729.81</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Less unpaid subscriptions of</td>
      <td style="text-align: right;">4,175.00</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Leaving the amount actually received</td>
      <td style="text-align: right;">$631,554.81</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

UMNI WEEKLY

of truth? Why do universities adopt such mottoes as "Veritas" and "Lux et Veritas" if the search for and declaration of truth be not the supreme object of university training? Far from keeping an "official" silence on any great and vital principle, the writer considers it the duty of a university to be the moulder and leader of public opinion. Certainly the German universities, which are held in such high esteem in this country, did not hesitate to proclaim what they conceived to be the truth. Why should not the American universities, in their turn, if they really are "in sympathy with the battle for Democracy abroad," as you state, let the world know what their conception of truth is?

R. L. SANDERSON

Yale College, May 26, 1916.

LIFE AT YA-LI

Extracts from a recent letter from J. D. Robb, '15, who is spending a year teaching at Ya-li, will be read with interest. There is considerable unrest in China at the present time owing to an effort to upset President Yuan Shih Kai at Peking.

The one-year man at Ya-li writes:

"This year Fisken and I have been keeping house in an old Chinese residence, in the same compound with the Hunan-Yale Hospital. We have had a cook and boy, and be it said for all their petty graft, Chinese servants are wonderful. We have gotten so into the habit of bawling 'boy' when we want anything, that it will be hard to get used to doing anything for ourselves. We pay the cook $8 Mexican a month and the boy $7, which amounts to about $7 gold a month. Our total expenses have been about $70 or maybe less a month, but this does not include purchases of Mandarin coats, silk embroideries, wall paintings, brass work, etc., of which Changsha offers a very tempting collection. Next year the bachelors will occupy two fine suites in our new dormitory, and in all probability will board with one of the families in the Faculty. Outside of the mission there are about a hundred and fifty foreigners of many nationalities. There are four young college men, one from Princeton, one from Cornell, and one from California in the Standard Oil Co., and lots of different types among the different missions and foreign business tongs. We are located right in the middle of the old Chinese city, more Chinese and mediaeval and fascinatingly interesting than you could imagine it to be.

THE REFLECTIONS OF A SORORITY
GIRL

If I had not joined a sorority when a freshman I would probably still be so inarticulate that I would never have dared to write this. If I had not joined, I would have had a shorter Christmas list this year. (That is not sarcastic: my Christmas list is an inventory of my genuine friends.)

I would have had nowhere to go when I went back to college last spring after being "out" just long enough so there was no familiar undergraduate face. I would have had no mystic little pin gleaming on my pin cushion—unworn today, to be sure, but always there to wear if it should seem desirable to be labeled, as at times it undoubtedly does.

I would not find the waiting room of Marshall Field's so interesting as a haunt of the Greek letter world, where you see pins you know on every side. I would not understand much of the "little language" of college life—no, I could never have the delicious (if now slightly dulled) feeling of being very much on the inside.

Yet if I had it to do over again I would not join a sorority.

How baffling it is that the farther removed from it all one gets the more crystallized become her ideas, so that soon she has a complete but un-needed philosophy for the sorority system, in place of the unreasoning rapture or pain with which she really had to encounter it. You who are still in the midst of it all stand as on one side of a gulf, caring not at all about how we on the other side have now dispassionately reasoned it out. But unnamed and unknown I am coming across, to tell you how it seems to be one once almost fanatically committed to sorority interests, and now looking at them almost from the outside.

This is my reason, in half a dozen words. The deeper I get into this matter of the building of the Kingdom of God, the less I can stay interested in fraternities. Then there must be something wrong.

Leaving the amount actually received $631,554.81

["SENIOR CLASS", "REF", "Movement to\nYear Men a", "gallant", "A movement in class to establish the principle of the Senior class for one year funds have classes, for sent. Sherwood three years. for two to form a body from among the new men. Yali at a tunity that the school.", "The amount to be raised is about one thousand dollars, which means three dollars per man in the class; however,", "The Yale college in Changsha, China, is too well known to Yale men in New Haven to need a further appeal for support. A contingency has arisen, however, growing out of the fact of an unprecedentedly large budget for the coming year, which must be met by a special effort.", "Each year it has been customary for several men to go out to Yali from each graduating class, but this year, owing to the vastly increased expenses of operating the college, the committee will be unable to send out any one-year men. And yet, if no men from 1916 are sent out, the effect, especially in view of the present need will be disastrous. A plan has, therefore, been instituted, in the Senior class, to establish a fund for sending a member of the class as a teacher in Yali for one year. It is most essential that the members of 1916 give this project the serious consideration and support it deserves.", "What Ten Years Have\nDone.", "1906 -- 1916.", "and\nthe\nteachers", "and\none\nyear", "and\nis", "094", "THE YALE ALUMNI", "Just for the pleasure of it, I am taking six hours a week if Chinese with a private tutor, which costs me a little over one dollar gold a month. The variety of the sights on the streets is never exhausted. There are no factories. All theades are carried on handicraft style in little shops wide open to the street and so the streets are like big side shows. You may wonder about the food. First of all, let me assure you that you can get good food whether you run your own business or board around, for the Chinese can cook as no other people in the world, both in their own style and in foreign style. However, one has to be careful when invited to Chinese feasts (and one is invited to many) not to indulge in freely as desired. There are rarely less than twenty courses and the food is really wonderful. Birds' nests soups, tos seeds as vegetables, sharks' fins, bamboo shoots, almond nuts, wild duck and other dishes, of course eaten with chopsticks. As for adventure, believe me, we've got plenty of", "This town is like a powder magazine with governor and two thousand soldiers trying to prevent a revolutionary explosion. Yesterday there was a small battle in the Yamen and I was sent over there by Dr. Hume to protect Mrs. Yen, the wife of our head Chinese Doctor, a Yale man, who is now at Shanghai. Yesterday three revolutionists were shot after throwing bombs, and ten more were caught and executed last night. A file of police, with fixed bayonets, searched the hotel next door this morning. Being a foreigner, which gives you a decided position, I could go in and see them looking for suspects. It was quite exciting. Yesterday afternoon it was doubtful whether the governor could control the situation. While I was escorting Mrs. Yen's chair across the city, we ran into a crowd which the soldiers were driving down the street, and I thought we had run into the middle of the fight, when I saw a couple of soldiers run down the street and jump into doorways and look back up the street with their rifles ready for business. We went down the next street. As a matter of fact, these soldiers were merely hearing the crowd off as a safety measure, and the other two were running to get a dry place out of the rain, as Yen afterwards told me. But my imagination supplied the necessary details to make it a real skirmish. But every one knows that the situation was really dangerous.\"", "A SPRING OUTING IN W.", "OF A SORORITY", "When a freshman I would say that I would never have dared to say that I would have had a shorter than a minute when a freshman I would say that I would not sarcastic: my Christmas to my friends.)", "to go when I went back to college\" just long enough so there is no face. I would have had no pin cushion—unworn today, I wear if it should seem desirable a doubtfully does.", "The room of Marshall Field's Greek letter world, where he is a member of a sorority. I would not understand of college life—no, I could never be a member of a fraternity.", "I again I would not join a sorority. I would not be a member of a sorority. I would not be farther removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a fraternity. I would not be a fraternity that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a society that is not a society. I would not be a society that is not a brotherhood. I would not be a brotherhood that is not a family. I would not be a family that is not a home. I would not be a home that is not a home for the further removed from it all one than the farther removed from one of the ideas, so that soon she has come her ideas, so that soon she has a philosophy for the sorority system, in which she is a member. I would not be a member of a

SENIOR CLASS
REF

Movement to
Year Men a
of 1916

A movement from class to estate representation for one year funds have classes, for sent Sherwood three years, for two to four sha from east owing to the get the Cor out no one men are now at all are s trous for present rap manded be among the new men at Yali at a tunity than the school

## College of Yale in China (Yali)
1906-1916

$6,000.00 needed in the next few weeks.

### WILL YOU HELP?

Because of the war, we incurred our first deficit last year. Six thousand dollars above our regular subscriptions will cancel it. With your aid, we hope to raise this amount before the end of the fiscal year, 1915-1916.

### We Need

<table><tr><td>1 conditional gift</td><td>$3,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>2 gifts of $500.00</td><td>1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>5 gifts of $200.00</td><td>1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Smaller gifts</td><td>1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>6,000.00</td></tr></table>

The success of this work warrants your support.

AMOS P. WILDER, Treas.
5 White Hall,
New Haven, Conn.

## Decennial Anniversary Facts.

1. Nov. 1906. Preparatory School opened.

May, 1916. Preparatory School with 180 students; College, with Freshman, Sophomore, and Junior Classes (Senior class next year).

Men and Women's Nursing Schools with 40 pupils; Hospital with 70 beds (25,000 treatments last year); Hunan-Yale Medical School begun with the co-operation of the Chinese Gentry and Government and the China Medical Board.

2. Nov. 1906. One building in crowded center of city.

May, 1916. Campus of 20 acres just outside city walls. Buildings under construction: Dormitory, Temporary Recitation Hall, Chapel, 4 Professors' houses, Hospital (200 beds).

3. Nov. 1906. All support from America.

May, 1916. Gifts in land and money from the Chinese. Hearty support from the officials and citizens of Changsha.

4. Nov. 1906. Two teachers and one doctor.

May, 1916. Six doctors and nine teachers.

(This does not include the Chinese faculty)

## What Will the Next Ten Years Show?

["SENIOR CLASS\nREF", "Movement to\nYear Men a\nof 1916", "A movement\nfrom to estab\nrepresentati\nfor one year\nfunds have\nclasses, for\nsent Sherwo\ntwo to fo\nthree years,\nowing to the\nget the Con\nout no one\nmen are ne\nat all are s\ntrous for\npresent rap\nmanded be\namong the\nnew men t\nYali at a\ntunity than\nthe school", "The amount to be raised is about one thousand dollars, which means three dollars per man in the class; however, to maintain this average, larger pledges will be necessary from those who can make them. Pledges may be dropped at the option of the officers.", "(Continued on next page)", "into the box in Yale Station or here, '78, President.", "to class collectors, whose names will be announced in to-morrow's NEWS, this week.", "be announced in to-morrow's NEWS, this week.", "These pledges need not be paid at once, and Executive Secretary, but it is hoped that this comparatively small amount will be entirely subscribed, before the Easter vacation.", "small amount will be entirely subscribed, before the Easter vacation.", "small amount will be entirely subscribed, before the Easter vacation.", "A graduate recently returned from AM, '99, Auditor.", "Changsha says concerning the need for one-year men:", "\"With the departure of Yali to the new campus, the need for more in-... COMMITTEE\nstructors becomes very pressing. In", "1914, with one hundred and forty boys, '79, Chairman.", "four one-year men were hardly enough for the permanent faculty;", "what will the situation be in 1917 with", "the new campus, the need for more in-... COMMITTEE\nstructors becomes very pressing. In", "1914, with one hundred and forty boys, '79, Chairman.", "four one-year men were hardly enough for the permanent faculty;", "what will the situation be in 1917 with", "the new campus, the need for more in-... COMMITTEE\nstructors becomes very pressing. In", "1914, with one hundred and forty boys, '79, Chairman.", "four one-year men were hardly enough for the permanent faculty;", "what will the situation be in 1917 with", "the new campus, the need for more in-... COMMITTEE\nstructors becomes very pressing. In", "1914, with one hundred and forty boys, '79, Chairman.", "four one-year men were hardly enough for the permanent faculty;", "what will the situation be in 1917 with", "the new campus, the need for more in-... COMMITTEE\nstructors becomes very pressing. In", "The Yale college in Changsha, China, is too well known to Yale men in New Haven to need a further appeal for support. A contingency has arisen, however, growing out of the fact of an unprecedentedly large budget for the coming year, which must be met by a special effort.", "Each year it has been customary for several men to go out to Yali from each graduating class, but this year, owing to the vastly increased expenses of operating the college, the committee will be unable to send out any one-year men. And yet, if no men from 1916 are sent out, the effect, especially in view of the present need will be disastrous. A plan has, therefore, been instituted, in the Senior class, to establish a fund for sending a member of the class as a teacher in Yali for one year. It is most essential that the members of 1916 give this project the serious consideration and support it deserves.", "THE YA", "94", "best for the pleasure of it, I am taking six hours for the pleasure of it, I am taking six hours for Chinese with a private tutor, which costs me $1,000 a month. The variety of the streets is never exhausted. There are no factors that can be carried on handicraft style in littleuen to the street and so the streets are like big cities in the country. You may wonder about the food. First of all, let's see that you can get good food whether you run the business in the world, both in their own style and in their own hands. However, one has to be careful when Chinese feasts (and one is invited to many) are held. There are rarely less than three courses, and the food is really wonderful. Birds' seeds as vegetables, sharks' fins, bamboo shoots, wild duck and other dishes, of course eaten with rice. As for adventure, believe me, we've been to all the best places in the world, and we have seen everything. This town is like a powder magazine with a thousand soldiers trying to prevent a explosion. Yesterday there was a small battle in which I was sent over there by Dr. Hume to prote... the wife of our head Chinese Doctor, a Yale woman at Shanghai. Yesterday three revolutionists threw bombs, and ten more were caught last night. A file of police, with fixed bayonets, came up to the gate. The governor called the governor on the city, we ran into a crowd which the soldiers threw the street, and I thought we had run into the fight, when I saw a couple of soldiers running out of the way. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. 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But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. 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But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off as a safety measure, and to get to a dry place out of the way. I told them that I would not be a safety man, and I told them that I would not run away. But I was ready for business. We went into the city, and the governor called me in. After that, these soldiers and off

NETTLETON.

YA-LI

THE COLLEGE OF YALE IN CHINA

By

FREDERICK WELLS WILLIAMS

*The Scholar Gipsy* teaches that immortality is within reach of the man devoted to a single high ideal. So with the institution: a group of men from Yale have tried to show that by unflinching faith a practical work may be accomplished and a new vitality earned. If conviction remains unshaken, support will come. The College which goes by the name of Ya-li in China represents their ideal; it is no more and no less a missionary College than Yale in New Haven, but so far as its supporters are concerned it is an effort of pure altruism. Both alike try to train students in accordance with Christian conceptions of personal honor and righteousness. To transplant some of the generative forces that inhere in a democratic institution like Yale a society was formed by graduates in 1902 which might emphasize sound scholarship in China and show how inevitably character is involved in training youth to real usefulness. As was proper in an enterprise of this sort, no responsibility or share in the scheme was assumed by the University as an organization, and care was taken not to interfere with collections elsewhere solicited for foreign missions. After a preliminary survey, Changsha the capital of Hunan Province was selected, with the approval of Christian missionaries located there, as a suitable center for locating a school which might in time influence the educational development of interior China.

This contribution of Yale to the welfare of a friendly nation, with no desire to subject her to an imported American control

an entirely
le in every
ation, have
red; they
ool and sub-
asked and
ent of their
ent of social
native and
re in China.
generosity
budget now
or land and
hospital now
ry-six grad-
ion have died
in put on a
the School
which pur-
as can be
ard of the
as bestowed
l a subven-
a promise
a medicine.
to altruism
prove condi-
undertaking
le in China
ons to the

H. NETTLETON.

232 THE BOOK OF THE YALE PAGEANT

of education or her students to religious tests, was an entirely
original idea. The result already attained is notable in every
way. The Chinese, after a period of cautious observation, have
crowded the classrooms to the number of two hundred; they
have agreed to cooperate in building a Medical School and sub-
scribed $25,000 annually for its support; they have asked and
accepted the advice of Yale men in the management of their
Red Cross Hospital, public hygiene, and the betterment of social
conditions. Such cordial and intimate union between native and
foreigner, voluntarily associated, is unknown elsewhere in China.
The alumni of Yale have responded with increasing generosity
to support the Society, contributing an annual budget now
amounting to nearly $27,000, and about $250,000 for land and
buildings, $150,000 of which is a single gift for a hospital now
in course of erection; they have also supplied twenty-six grad-
uates of various degrees to the faculties, two of whom have died
in service. Buildings of a substantial type have been put on a
campus of twenty acres outside of the city, where the School
and College are housed close to the Medical School which pur-
poses to train physicians and nurses as thoroughly as can be
done anywhere in Asia. The China Medical Board of the
Rockefeller Foundation after a critical examination has bestowed
upon the latter the stamp of its expert approval and a subven-
tion for the support of six teaching physicians with a promise
of further assistance in furthering research work in medicine.
Other American Colleges have taken up the challenge to altruism
and made their contributions in different ways to improve condi-
tions in the East. Considering the novelty of the undertaking
and the wide interests involved the achievement of Yale in China
during ten years ranks among her noblest contributions to the
welfare of the world.

["## SOME FACTS\n### The College", "**What was its origin?**", "movement among young\nteers"), especially '98 me\nthe \"Yale Spirit\" to alt\nPresident Hadley's Rep\n(Yale) Christian workers\nfrom the opening of a n\neffort.\"", "**What is the religious**", "Christian as Yale is Chris\nChina in her great need\"\neffectively as possible in so\nbecome leaders in their ow\nin the Far East the wholes\nof an American college co\nsent out are those of earn", "The New Haven Organ", "First president, Timothy J.\npresident, Dean H. P. Wri\ndent, Clarence H. Kelsey,\ndent is Y. T. Tsur, '09, Di\nat Peking. The secretary\nofficer. Among members o\nProfessors Beach, Reed, I\nStokes, who have been offi\nSociety. There is a Cou\nthem being members of th\nis is represented by three members. This Organization per\nmits to Ya-li the facilities of its purchasing and shipping\ndepartments.", "**Relation to the University:** Officially none. Faculty members active in the organization, and at present furnish eight of the twelve members of the Executive Committee. The headquarters of the Society are on the campus (5 White Hall). All the officers of the Society are Yale men. Yale men are preferred for all appointments. The support is chiefly by men and women of Yale affiliations.", "**Aim of the Society:** Higher education among the Chinese,—to establish a College and emphasize sound scholarship. Permanent appointees to the faculty must have two college degrees; each teacher must be a specialist in his department. When the present staff is strengthened by those now studying in the United States, Ya-li will have perhaps the most notable faculty in point of Western scholarship in China. Ya-li graduates, as a rule, become teachers, physicians, engineers and Christian ministers.", "**Why was China selected?** University men of England have in a sense pre-empted India. The Japanese are in a position to care for their own educational needs. Chinese youths are eager for higher education. The Chinese number nearly a fourth of the world's population. No American college is so well known in China as Yale, which graduated the first Chinese student (Yung Wing in '54) and where scores of Chinese have studied, who are now prominent in political and other activities. It is a strategic time in which to extend the best American and Yale ideas and ideals. During the next thirty years Chinese development in politics, religion, social usages, and industry will be determined. Ya-li", "HOW I EARNED MY WAY\nTHROUGH COLLEGE", "[Yale in China at Changsha has a woman physician on its staff. She has gone out recently. Her work will be chiefly among Chinese women and children. The \"North American Student\" is printing a series of articles giving the actual experiences of those who have earned the funds for the education expenses. The following was contributed by Yale's woman physician and is reprinted for distribution among a few friends. The sketch fails to bring out the exceptional medical skill the young woman has attained in school and hospital. It does, however, reveal the fine character of the young woman of whom Ya-li is proud.]", "I have promised so often to tell how I obtained my education, because possibly my story might help some other girl to venture on the highway of educational achievement. No doubt there are hundreds of young women in this and other lands whose stories would be more thrilling than mine, but just because mine is so full of the commonplace, I trust it will inspire others to attempt and achieve.", "One of my earliest recollections is the death of my mother, when I was less than eight years old and of my childish efforts to make my four younger sisters presentable for the funeral. Four months after my mother's death our home was broken up and I was legally adopted by a kind foster father and mother when life became happy and cheerful once more, but in these few months that had", "quarters on-\nPure Water St\nSewerage syste\nPower plant ..", "Two subscription\ntowards this fund\nHomer G. Newton\nhas been left to t"]

passed since mother left me, I had become
a woman.

In the next few years I went through the
last grades of grammar school, little expect-
ing I could ever go to high school; for I had
only been granted a primary school educa-
tion by my adoption papers.

Then came the death of my foster mother
and the family exchequer being very low, I
expected to go to work but, to my joy and
surprise, I was told I might go to high school
for one year, provided I worked that sum-
mer. A cousin and I kept house together
through those high school years, getting our
own meals and doing our own sewing and
laundering. I was told that I could have only
such clothes as I made for myself. Some of

and that hour of meditation left my body and
mind in much better condition for an evening
with Cicero or Tennyson, than an hour spent
in a noisy dining-hall—at least so I compelled
myself to reason.

I had applied to the college for a scholar-
ship but none was available. One day about
Easter time an influential, senior girl said to
me, "I have watched your progress and de-
termination with much interest and to-day in
talking with the Dean, I learned that you are
to be given a scholarship for next year, and
succeeding years, if worthy." I felt then that
I must never fail for somehow I had achieved
success. This was the first word of encourage-
ment I had received and it was more valuable
than dollars.

Near the close of my freshman year I
formed a definite purpose that if it was God's
will I would give my life to Him to be used
on the foreign mission field. Up to this time
my life was self-centered and with no definite
goal, but from now on, it was to be run by
a compass to a definite destination, that com-
pass being God's will and the destination one
of the lands that did not know His love.
How changed life was. Into it came a joy
that has endured through all the eight years
of preparation since that time.

My freshman days over, I worked the fol-
lowing summer in one of the settlements of
a large city, learning a little of the problems
of domestic economy, criminology and psy-
chology. The sophomore year was full of
work, study and fun. I came to my junior
year after a trying summer at the bedside of
an invalid.

is represented by three members. This Organization per-
mits to Ya-li the facilities of its purchasing and shipping
departments.

**Why was China selected?** University men of England have in a sense pre-empted India. The Japanese are in a position to care for their own educational needs. Chinese youths are eager for higher education. The Chinese number nearly a fourth of the world's population. No American college is so well known in China as Yale, which graduated the first Chinese student (Yung Wing in '54), and where scores of Chinese have studied, who are now prominent in political and other activities. It is a strategic time in which to extend the best American and Yale ideas and ideals. During the next thirty years Chinese development in politics, religion, social usages, and industry will be determined. Ya-li

Two subscription
towards this fund.
Homer G. Newton
has been left to t

The memories of the last two college years
are all happy ones. To be sure, there were
holidays when I longed to be free to join a
picnic or go on special trips but instead was
compelled to fulfill my contracts for work.
There were now more opportunities to earn
money than I could wisely accept. I was sav-
ing enough to buy a few coveted books for a
permanent library, as well as to attend extra
concerts and lectures. During my junior year
I was president of my class and of the Volun-
teer Band. So you see there was time for
other things besides work.

During my senior year I determined to study
medicine that I might have a wider avenue
through which to touch human hearts. Most
of my friends objected, saying this meant four
more years of struggle, yet I held firm. In the
autumn after graduating from college I went
to a medical college with only twenty-five dol-
lars in assured assets for the year. I found
various opportunities to earn money by helping
the students and in a few months was offered
an assistantship in the laboratories. I pre-
pared my own meals—often on seventy-five
cents a week, did my own laundry, walked
always, yet seldom was discouraged. Not until
I fell on an icy pavement and fractured the
bones near my ankle did I question the possi-
bility of success, and then only for one night.
The next morning I was able to “turn my
cloud inside out” by reflecting that my en-
forced stay in the hospital would prevent me
from suffering from my noticeable lack of
sufficient warm clothing. So you see it is a
pretty poor “cloud” out of which you cannot
get some silver. From that time on there

were gifts from friends and through all the
other years this interest continued. I earned
money during the college year as opportunity
came. Then for the four summer months I
found rest in a change of work and scene.
I remember having just eighteen cents in my
pocket when my railroad ticket was purchased
at the end of my sophomore year. Now that
my medical course is over and the hospital
work is drawing to a close, I am ready to
realize the purpose I made eight years ago.
Soon I hope to begin my life work among those
who have known little of true healing or
Christian love. Sometimes I am asked, was the
struggle worth while, and I never hesitate to
say, "Yes, infinitely worth while."

1916.

5 White Hall, New Haven.

is represented by three members. This Organization permits to Ya-li the facilities of its purchasing and shipping departments.

Two subscription
towards this fund
Homer G. Newton
has been left to t

# THE YALE MISSION IN CHINA
## NEWSLETTER FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR OF 1908-1909

### FIVE YEARS IN BRIEF

In April, 1904, the first representatives of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society arrived in Changsha, the capital of Hunan, a central province of China with a population of more than twenty millions. They were Rev. Brownell Gage, Yale '98, and his wife, a fully qualified physician. The Society did not own a foot of property, but they were accorded a royal welcome by representatives of the various missions in the city. Their homes were ours, as were their hearty co-operation and sympathetic interest.

At intervals others joined them:—the family of Dr. Hume, Yale '97, of India, where he had been born and had labored for some time; Seabury of 1900, whose lamented death by drowning two summers ago has been so serious a blow; “Billy” Hail, Yale's record-breaking athlete, a Divinity School and graduate student; Mrs. Thurston, the devoted and effective continuator of the work of her husband who had been the pioneer of the Mission and had secured our call as educators from all Hunan missionary societies; and as a temporary adviser and superlative teacher, Dr. W. H. Sallmon, Class of '94, who accepts a position here at Yale the coming year. The latest accession to our force is Miss Gage, a graduate of Wellesley and of the training school of nurses at Roosevelt Hospital, who joins her brother and will be head of our nursing staff in the Yale Hospital in China.

All who have had the opportunity have made good use of their time as students of Chinese, and are proving themselves excellent all-round missionaries. They can play a strong game of tennis; one of them trains and conducts the large chorus whose musical skill constitutes much of the charm of Kuling, the great summer sanitarium of Central China; all are decidedly *personæ gratae* in the social life of the city and region round about; they have an enviable name already as educators; and some of Central China's best preachers are members of our staff.

We own excellent school premises in the very heart of Changsha. Our rented hospital and dispensary are on the opposite side of the street, while another residence is also within the city walls. Owing to the absence of wheeled vehicles and draught animals, our School yard is as quiet at noon as the Yale quadrangle is at dawn; yet we shall be better located when we are able to build on a spacious campus some two and a half miles outside the city. Because of this anticipated removal and enlargement, the School enrolment has been purposely kept small. It has thus been possible for our men to give more time to Chinese study than if they had had a hundred students to care for.

Our missionaries have more than realized the expectations of the thirteen societies that invited us to come to Hunan; and among those Europeans who are usually hypercritical objectors against missions, we are held in esteem. In the latest Chinese work descriptive of the Province, “The Hunan Village-Earth Geography,” just published and written by a professor in one of the Government institutions, there is a very favorable reference to our School. Its author subsequently came to our men for instruction, thus illustrating the accepted opinion of the Chinese as to our educational standing.

### SCHOOL WORK DURING THE PRESENT YEAR

Owing to the anti-foreign sentiment prevalent in Hunan until 1900, our Mission has been obliged to begin its work from the foundation, so far as the knowledge of English and Western sciences is concerned. Hence, nearly three years after opening our School, we are still at the preparatory stage of the work, corresponding to the last year of American Grammar Schools and the first two years of High Schools.

The attendance during the year in the regular classes has been thirty-four, all of them boarders. Many of the students are sons or grandsons of officials. They are most eager students and are likely to bring honor to the parent University as thorough-going scholars. Just at this period when New China on its student side has developed the strike spirit and has exhibited a decided inclination to insubordination, the Faculty report the best year in our brief history. The students have come to know our position, and are not only glad to be subject to the wise regulations of the institution, but are also proud of the good name and growing reputation of New Yale.

Important lines of advance are to be noted since the last report. A special normal class for teachers in mission schools has been in successful operation. This is a very important step for the reason that though China for millennia has produced innumerable scholars, their training has been mainly that of the memory and of form. Moreover, the vast majority of these men have been taught individually, rather than in classes. As a result, at this time when there is a demand both from mission schools and

from Government institutions for teachers of the new order, the supply is practically nil. The beginning that our School has thus made will probably need to be continued and considerably improved upon.

Another special class is of even greater interest because of its closer relation to Yale University. There are in Changsha a considerable number of men who have been educated in China's best colleges—St. John's in Shanghai, the North China College near Peking, the Presbyterian College in the province

of Shantung, and the Nan Yang
Government College, for example.
These young men are anxious to
continue their studies under our staff,
a number of them with the desire of
preparing for entrance into American
universities. A class of eight has
been enrolled from this promising
material, and our men are finding
them excellent students. It makes
one feel quite at home to read in the
letters of Sallmon and Hume enthu-
siastic accounts of work in Latin, col-
lege entrance English, etc., and to
see the stiff paper on "The House of
Seven Gables," for instance, which
they passed very creditably. As most
of these men are teachers in Govern-
ment schools, and as it is the common
ambition to study at our University,
China's New Yale may one day be-
come one of the most important fit-
ting schools for New Haven. The
first Yale preliminaries will be passed
at Changsha this summer.

YALE SCHOOL CHINESE GUEST ROOM

There is another outer circle of
young men who are coming to us for

help—men in mining and other engineering works of the Province who have been educated in America and who crave fellowship and intellectual stimulus, and a still larger number of persons who cannot leave their positions to enter school, but who are studying English under our missionaries.

THE IMPERIAL MOURNING

One event described in letters written immediatly after the death of Their Imperial Majesties, the Empress Dowager and the Emperor, illustrates how sedulous our men are to conform to all rightful requirements of Chinese etiquette. At the time when the deaths were announced in Changsha, Government Schools were ordered closed, and signs of mourning, both personal and corporate, were to be displayed. Our School promptly heeded these suggestions, though being a private institution under the charge of foreigners this was not obligatory. White bands worn on the arm—in lieu of the Occidental crane—and a white decoration displayed upon our street front bearing four large blue characters signifying, “From Sea to Sea We Grieve Together,” were more acceptable to our students than the one hundred days of enforced abstinence from shaving and haircutting and from all use of musical instruments, as well as abstention from singing. The prompt desire of our missionaries thus to show respect upon learning that the Emperor “had mounted his Dragon Chariot and ascended to be a guest (of the Gods),” and that the “Compassionate, God-favoured, Upright, Protecting, Tranquil, Joy-giving, Glorious, Ever Ready, Dignified, Sincere, Venerable, To be Revered, Imperial, Sacrificing, Lofty, Splendid, the Dowager Empress” had “ascended in the fairy chariot to the far distance,” was officially used, so the story goes, to put to shame a director of one of the Government Schools, who had been remiss in his duties, ostensibly because he did not know in what way to show due respect to the August Departed.

MEDICAL WORK OF THE MISSION

Dr. Hume reports a very busy year, despite the fact that he has been reinforced by a Chinese physi-
cian trained most admirably by Dr. Neal, Yale '77, and more recently by Miss Gage on the nursing side.
The hospital has been so full that there was no alternative but to turn many away. The appreciation in
which it is held and the helpfulness of fellow missionaries to our cause may be seen in the devotion to
our medical work shown by one of the English Wesleyan missionaries, Dr. Heyward, who has been a
constant and most welcome factor, particularly at the dispensary.

On November sixteenth last, precisely two years to a day after we had first opened our School,
medical instruction began—the virtual opening of our Medical Department. Dr. Keller, Yale '92, had

had under his care two medical assistants, and these are the nucleus of the first class. He and Mrs. Keller, Dr. Hume and his Chinese colleague, Dr. Hou, are teaching them physiology, anatomy, chemistry, and English, together with that more practical clinical knowledge which men in America covet as hospital internes.

Previous to the beginning of our own teaching work, Dr. Hume had been lecturing in Chinese to a class of students in the Medical School at Hankow. A prominent physician, also a lecturer in that School, has borne testimony of the most flattering sort as to Dr. Hume's remarkable grasp of the Chinese language, which finds a crucial test in lecturing on so technical a subject in the vernacular. He also regards our Society as being particularly fortunate in having at the head of our Medical Department one of the most promising physicians of his age and experience to be found in the Empire. Dr. Hume has turned his linguistic gifts in the direction of preparing for free distribution, at

periods when small-pox and diphtheria were epidemic in the city, printed posters on these scourges, with an accompanying offer of free consultation and attendance,—an offer which has still further commended our cause.

VIEW OF CHANGSHA ROOFS, LOOKING FROM THE CITY WALL

## THE CAMPAIGN OF FRIENDSHIP

Because of the growing recognition of the value of the work in its varied phases, our representatives are gathering around the Mission an influential coterie of friends. The step taken in 1907, whereby we secured the co-operation of some of the strongest missionaries of the Province in an Advisory Committee, has been an increasingly valuable asset. The enthusiastic support and personal friendship of the Right Rev. Herbert Logan Roots, D.D., the Episcopal Bishop of Central China, and of other men of large influence, both in diplomatic and ecclesiastical spheres, have greatly strengthened our position.

More important, however, from the viewpoint of our primary aims, is the increasing hold that we are getting on our Chinese constituency, quite largely as a result of the medical service which we are rendering. Thus our negotiations for an ample campus outside the city walls had been looked upon with suspicion and had even met with opposition. The mastery of Chinese etiquette, which our men possess to a marked degree, has made a series of complimentary calls and the patient endurance of concomitant feasts the avenue into the very citadel of opposition. *Veni, visus sum, vici*, is the brief summary of the campaign, though it has meant constant and genuine devotion to the interests of these leading men who had regarded our ultimate aim to be that of opening mines, or erecting dangerous oil tanks, not to speak of the far more serious desecration of ancestral graves, of which there is a generous sprinkling on the new property. The son of a "Leader of trained bands," a key man in the ranks of a former opposition, is now an assistant in our hospital and is studying to fit himself to enter as a pharmacy student, while the "Squire" is friendliness itself, and his brother has been in the hospital in order to be cured of the opium habit.

## OUR RELIGIOUS WORK

Most of our students are from homes in which Christianity has not been known; consequently the religious life of the School has not been as vigorous as it will be when the proportion of Christian students is larger. It is encouraging to hear of the nucleus of praying men who have formed themselves into an embryo Dwight Hall, under the leadership of Chinese members of the Faculty. The President was formerly a professor in the North China College and is one of the most winsome Christian workers in the Empire. His father was in 1889 the first Chinese President of the first native Young Men's Christian Association of the Empire.

The Bible instruction of the School has been immensely aided by Dr. Sallmon, whose long experience in such matters has been turned to good account. So successful has this work proved that he has been asked to prepare special studies for the use of Chinese students of the college grade. It is hoped that he will be able to do this and that they may be published in our Mission's name.

At Chinese New Year we were able to aid in a promising innovation. At that time calls of ceremony are the order of the day and are very burdensome because of the large amount of time consumed.

["from Government institutions\nthat our School has thus made\nits mark in the world.", "Another special class is of\nthere are in Changsha a consi-\nSt. John's in Shanghai, the N-", "YALE SCHOOL CHINESE", "help—men in mining and other\nand who crave fellowship and in\ntheir positions to enter school, l-", "THE IMPERIAL MOUNTAIN", "One event described in letter\nEmpress Dowager and the Em-\nrequirements of Chinese etiquett-\nSchools were ordered closed, an\nOur School promptly heeded the\nforeigners this was not obligato\na white decoration displayed up\nSea to Sea We Grieve Together,\nenforced abstinence from shavir\nabstinence from singing. The p-\nthe Emperor \"had mounted his\n\"Compassionate, God-favoured\nDignified, Sincere, Venerable,\nEmpress\" had \"ascended in the\nput to shame a director of one of\nbecause he did not know in what", "MEDICAL WORK OF THE\nEMPEROR", "Dr. Hume reports a very bu-\ncian trained most admirably by-\nThe hospital has been so full that\nwhich it is held and the helpfuln-\nour medical work shown by on-\nconstant and most welcome facto-", "On November sixteenth last\nmedical instruction began—the", "On this occasion, the plan was consummated of gathering together Christians of all the Missions in China and other places. They met in large numbers and after an interesting religious service presided over by Dr. Keller of the China Inland Mission, they had a delightful social time together. They were able to discharge many of their ceremonial obligations in a less taxing way than is custom- other times, our School has been the recognized center for interdenominational fellowship.", "OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE PRESSING", "At a meeting of Changsha missionaries called to hear the report of a young English mission in Japan, upon the work for Chinese students in Tokyo, there was expressed a strong united feeling of responsibility for this student class, and, second, the conviction that the Yale Mission was the center for such work, whether it should take the form of lecture courses, concerts, reading room enterprise. While the New Haven Committee has from the first had in mind some such or other activities. While the

UMNI WEEKLY, March 24, 1916]

THE YALE ALW Campus
at Changsha, China

Vol. XXV, No. 27

New Haven, Co.

Future of Yale in China

J. AM MURPHY, '99

The Week

Ya-li Students

PROGRESS This year is notable in the development of the
AT YA-LI plant and activities of Yale in China. Eight build-
ings—dormitory, recitation hall, hospital, chapel
and residences—are approaching completion on a new Campu-
s outside the Changsha city walls; and the medical Faculty
which is to give instructions in the School to open its doors
this fall, already numbers five, with others being chosen.
Meanwhile an extensive hospital and dispensary work is being
done, totalling some 2,000 cases per month. While the recent

H. WELCH, '70

Confidence of the Chinese

L. GATES, '09

Stands For

W. WILLIAMS, '79

visit of Dr. Welch and his associates to Changsha, together
with this training of Chinese physicians made possible by the
gift of a modern hospital by a graduate and the coöperatipn
of the Chinese gentry and government, have stressed the
medical side of the work of Ya-li, the growth of the School
and College must not be overlooked. Ya-li is primarily an
educational institution, with high scholarship as regards
Faculty and student body ever in mind, and the management
would keep this fact before the graduates and friends who
instituted and maintain this China project. There are some
200 pupils (apart from the pre-medical students and nurses
in training) studying the familiar branches, using the English
language, fitting themselves for leadership in China, mainly
as teachers, physicians, Christian ministers, and in business
and official life. It is planned to send out three additional
teachers this fall for a life career, married men who have
spent some years in fitting themselves for specific tasks. This
in addition to physicians and nurses, and certain members
of the graduating class who purpose a year of teaching at
Ya-li as a post-graduate experience. In a supplement to this
issue will be found articles dealing with various phases of the
Ya-li work. It is needless to say that funds are still urgently
needed,—to complete the buildings and to assure the annual
budget of some $25,000. The New Haven committee, which
carries this burden, is asking Yale men and families who believe
this is an activity that merits support for all it means to
the New China and not less to Yale life and thought, to
coöperate in bringing the work to Commencement (the end
of the fiscal year) without debt. This means the addition of
many to the present roll of some 700 men and women who
make annual gifts to maintenance. It means that more than
ever before the alumni of the parent Yale must realize the
work of the Changsha Yale and be ready to do their part
toward making the full continuation of its work possible.

THE STUDENT BODY OF YA-LI, 1915-16, —SCHOOL AND COLLEGE

# Ya-li's New Campus

Seated: Gage, '98; Dr. Logan; Ted Hume; Dr. Welch, '70; Dr. Hume, '97
Standing: Dr. Gates, '09; Harvey, '07; Hail, '06 M.A.; Fisken, '15; Leavens, '09

## I

### The Architecture of Yale in China

A great deal of study was devoted to the choice of an architectural style for the Yale in China group; and the decision to use a modern adaptation of the traditional Chinese style was made only after the most careful consideration of the objections to it raised by some of the friends of the institution. The attempts of other Oriental colleges to use the Chinese style had not proved entirely convincing—usually because they had not succeeded in giving to the lower portions of the buildings a sufficiently Chinese look to be in harmony with the strongly defined Chinese character of the roofs in which they had centered their interest. While it is true that the most marked characteristic of Chinese architecture lies in the up-turned corners of the eaves, and in the combination of gable and eaves at the ends of the buildings, these two features alone are not enough to make a building really Chinese, architecturally. There must be a certain massiveness in the lower story—best exemplified in the wonderful great gateways which are such impressive features of the larger cities of China—and an adherence to the Chinese forms in such details as the untapered columns, free from cap or base, which contribute so much to the austere dignity of the Chinese buildings. The luxuriant wealth of carving with which practically all Chinese temples are enriched would hardly be justifiable in the Yale buildings, where the funds for construction have to be raised through small individual subscriptions; but by taking enough care with our proportions, mass, and colors, we believe we can imbue our buildings with the real essence of Chinese architecture, even though we must forego the splendor of its ornamentation. To show the Chinese that it is possible, in a group of buildings embodying the most modern ideas in plan and in construction, to preserve their own architectural heritage—this has seemed to us a worthy mission, to be added to the great educational, medical, and religious missions of the Yale movement.

The site of the new buildings—a tract of thirty acres about half a mile outside the northerly City Gate of Changsha—is in striking contrast to the present crowded quarters in the midst of the teeming city. Here, on fairly high land, we have laid out a spacious College Campus, overlooking the river to the west, and surrounded by fine, open country. To the south of the College group, with the great Hospital centering on its transverse axis, is the Medical group; while to the west is the residential group of Faculty houses, placed with reference to the future westerly approach along the main longitudinal axis of the College Campus.

The principal improvements embodied in this new general plan, made as a result of my trip to Changsha in the spring of 1914, were: first, the correlation of the College group and the Medical group into one architectural composition; second, the reversing of the approach, so that we should ascend from the river front to our architectural climax, instead of entering at the high easterly end of the Campus; third, the opening up of the College group into a single campus, in place of the two smaller quadrangles of the old plan, by taking the Library from the center, and placing it in a commanding position at the head of the College group, at the end of the long east and west axis of approach. In this new plan, we feel that the College group will make a more effective architectural unit in the ultimate "University Plan" which Dean Gage has in mind for Ya-li; while for the immediate present, it gives us a very effective composition of three buildings symmetrically arranged along the northern side of the Campus, balanced by the broad façade of the Hospital, on axis across the road.

When we were ready actually to start on the construction, it soon became evident that we had a tremendous task before us in undertaking, with Chinese labor and material throughout, the substantial and permanent type of construction which the Committee had instructed us to produce. None of the buildings I saw in China would be considered even passable for a college in America; the materials were of poor quality, poorly combined; and accuracy seemed unknown. One is

4

YALE IN CHINA

to conduct our lives for the greatest usefulness, how to be of the greatest service to our fellow-men and to our country. To teach these things in the largest sense is what a true educational mission should mean to China.

Dr. Hume has suggested that I say a few words of the mission of science in education. I can touch only on a few aspects of the subject. Modern science differs from the great body of ancient knowledge by the attitude of mind and by the method of inquiry into the phenomena of nature. Men thought once that truth could be attained by the use of the human intellect alone. The great body of knowledge in times past was obtained by just thinking about things. Our minds are not better than the ancients'. The two great bodies of ancient knowledge are the Greek and the Chinese philosophy. These two stand as monuments of acute and penetrative thought. It took men long centuries to appreciate that they could not penetrate deeply into the nature of things merely by reading and thinking about them. It is singular how little appreciation existed in ancient times of the necessity of testing hypotheses and theories by accurate observation and experiment. The new method of scientific inquiry came in about the beginning of the seventeenth century when Gilbert in England, and Galileo, and Sir Francis Bacon demonstrated the true method of studying the phenomena of nature and of gaining control over them. The modern era of Western science dates from this period. This great realization was lacking in Greek and Chinese thought.

As a result there has occurred a revolution in Western methods and thought and civilization that has not taken place in China. Before the introduction of the experimental method of scientific inquiry in the seventeenth century the Chinese could have come to us to be our school masters and teachers in philosophy, science and art. That method has allowed us to outstrip you of China in many things and to acquire the

lever that has opened the secrets of nature to the West to a degree unknown in this land.

That method does not permit us to accept as true in natural science what has not been tested by experiment and observation under carefully controlled conditions. The introduction of this spirit and method of science is the great need in China to-day. You have trained yourselves for generations by reading and by being told about things and have an unequalled and almost uncanny power of acquiring learning in that way. What you need in educational methods is in the first place the power of making and recording accurate observations, but that alone is not enough. The scientific mind is keenly alive to inquiry into the how and why of things. I am not sure that the Chinese mind craves explanations of this character; if not, it is a desire that must be cultivated by education. Knowledge that is acquired merely by reading and being told about things does not enter into us as a real living force, and does not give the power to utilize that knowledge. You need the power of independent observation, to make experiments and draw inferences, to see with your own eyes, and touch with your own hands, and hear with your own ears. You need to go over for yourselves the processes by which natural knowledge was first acquired.

This point of view I believe to be of fundamental importance for education in China. I confess I have been shocked at the lack of appreciation of this method of science, which consists in seeing and doing things at first hand. That is the kind of knowledge that gives power and should bring some measure of wisdom with it. That is the instrument that has given man mastery over nature, that has been the lever of progress in the nineteenth century, and that is the great need of China in education. In every field of human activity progress has been made by this method, but nowhere have greater benefits or greater victories resulted than in the

THE "BACHELOR MESS" AT LEISURE

6

YALE IN CHINA

Dr. Hume; Dr. Simon Flexner; Gov's Aide; Dr. Gates; Dr. Buttrick; Gen. Chew; Gov. Tang; ex-Consul General Greene; Dr. Welch; Dr. Yen; Consul Johnson

But the surroundings were nothing to the words and spirit of these leaders of Chinese thought and action in Hunan. The great motto at the end of the room read "Your Philanthropy is a model to the world. The Republic grips your hand in welcome." In the speeches that followed the dinner we were astonished at the grasp which these men had of the benefits which western civilization had to offer to their city. They knew of the work of modern hygiene at Panama, in Servia, and in the combating of hook-worm disease in our own Southern states. They were keenly alive to the necessity of introducing public health and social service work in their own city. Their civic consciousness was thoroughly aroused, and their eager interest in the work of the China Medical Board and the Yale Mission was a challenge to all of us, as well as an invitation. Their vision of the future goes far beyond present hopes and accomplishments. They look beyond the needs of Changsha and Hunan to the future of all China, and have ambitions for her that were expressed in earnest words. "It is our intention to lead the Chinese to meet the requirements of a twentieth century nation." "I hope that from the center of western medicine that will be established here, students may go out to spread the western learning throughout the rest of China." We felt that in intelligent appreciation of what China needs, in vision, in responsiveness to the call, and in zeal and eagerness to lead in the new movement for China's great future, these men of Changsha lead all their countrymen. Dr. Buttrick told them that the evening was a mountain-peak in our experience in China.

And this dinner was not so much a tribute to our Commission and the China Medical Board, as to Dr. Hume and the other members of the Yale Mission, and the great work that Yale is building up.

The personal interest and support of the Military Governor, the highest official in the province, was shown the next day when Dr. Welch laid the corner-stone of the Hospital. The Governor had not been able to attend the banquet, but we had luncheon with him the following day, and true to his promise he went out to the ceremonies on the new campus that afternoon. All the way out the streets were cleared and lined by his guards. He may have been in peril of his life, for the strength of his authority has created enemies, and he leaves his yamen but a few times in the year. The unique relationship between the Yale Mission and the influential Chinese is due in large measure to the sterling character and the enterprise and devotion of the Yale men at Changsha. We have sent Yale's very best out there, and the Chinese admire and love them as we do ourselves. The

Hunanese themselves are a virile people, eager now for western knowledge and progress and civic betterment. With it is the same intense provincial loyalty that kept out the Taipings, has made Hunan a hot bed of revolt and reaction in the past and has gained for the Hunanese the appellation of the "Tigers of China." What a wonderful opportunity the Yale men have there, and what a wonderful fortune for the Chinese to have such leadership.

Now the essence of the co-operative relationship between the Yale Mission and the Chinese, the factor that makes the situation unique in China, is that Ya-li is treating with a whole city and a province officially, instead of with scattered individuals without united influence. In other places the missions have come in contact mainly with scattered individuals, and have only a tenuous and uncertain relation to governments and the body politic. The Yale men are advisers to a city, and are working hand in hand with government for the betterment of civic conditions. Changsha has adopted Ya-li for its own, and Ya-li has accepted whole-heartedly the claim on its devoted service.

How does this vital partnership of a Mission and a city show itself? First, in the intimate personal friendships, with mutual admiration and confidence between the members of the Yale Mission and the officials and influential gentry of the city. That is the only possible basis for effective coöoperation. Second, in the connection of the Yale men with the police administration of the city under the able direction of the commissioner, Mr. Chang Shuh Huang. The important steps in improving the health conditions in Changsha, which the commissioner told us about so proudly, have resulted from joint endeavor. Thirdly, in the formation of the Social Service League, a splendid organization of about a hundred women of the best families in Changsha, under the leadership of Mrs. Hume and Mrs. Yen, which is eagerly active in social service, establishing milk stations, supporting anti-tuberculosis work, distributing health literature, and, best of all, perhaps, teaching the women themselves the place they ought to have in work for the public good.

Last May the Social Service League, the Y. M. C. A., and the Police Department, held a six-day health exhibit with Dr. Peters' material from Shanghai, and four lectures a day could not accommodate all who came. Thirty thousand attended, and gave four thousand dollars towards a tuberculosis sanitarium. Could we do so well in America?

But I have left the most important relationship until the last. The Hunan-Yale Association for the establishment and maintenance of the Hunan-Yale College of Medicine, can hardly be over-estimated in importance and promise. The Hunanese are vitally interested in the school. They are supporting it loyally, not as a courtesy or a tribute to Ya-li, but eagerly, intensely, for the sake of their sons, and Hunan, and China. We dare not refuse the challenge to do our part. "We have been behind in the development of science, and we must begin at the bottom and try to catch up in the next few decades with the most advanced nations. We are glad if we can avail ourselves of the help of our brothers across the sea. There must be developed a hearty coöoperation. If your science comes to us as a charity it may pauperize us, and hinder our progress, and yet without you we have neither the men nor the compelling force to do the work. Here in Changsha we are trying a plan that will give us the benefits of your help, and yet be a spur to us also." This is an unique opportunity. Do you wonder that the hearts of the Yale men are in their work?

My topic is the relations of Ya-li to the Chinese, and I've tried to stick to my subject. But I can't stop with a mere handful of facts and opinions. That would be to fail miserably in what I long to impart. I crave for you the same sort of enthusiasm and admiration for Yale in China that you have for Yale here. If I could only make you *feel* Yale in

YALE IN CHINA

CHINESE FOOTBALL UNDER YALE AUSPICES

China, as one feels it there, and thrills to her tradition and spirit and future! The glory of Yale in China, the one thing more than anything else that assures her a future worthy of the name "Yale" is truly the spirit of old Yale in New Yale—a spirit that is at its truest and best in Gage and Hume and Hail and the other men out there. We younger men sometimes get a bit weary of talk about Yale spirit. Is not that because we call it a thing of emotion and not a way of life?

The men of the Yale Mission see the vision and are building for that future time. They must make the foundations strong and broad now, worthy of a great monument to Yale and to America. These beginnings are the time of greatest need. Don't you want to have a share in the work?

FREDERICK L. GATES, '09

## IV

### What Ya-li Stands For

An enterprise like the College of Yale in China is kept alive by its appeal to the highest ideals; it has to contend against only one serious obstacle, that is ignorance. As we grow best by cherishing our ideals, the ALUMNI WEEKLY is willing to devote considerable space to accounts of what Yale is doing in China, so that ignorance may not prevail. It hopes to raise the sense of duty to a higher plane than caring for our own affairs alone, and help us to realize the inspiration which comes from an effort of pure altruism. In attempting this it wants every Yale man to know what is involved in maintaining an educational endeavor in China and what has already been done to give that endeavor very encouraging prospects of permanence and success.

A prejudice against the word "Mission" has condemned this enterprise in the minds of some who entertain grotesque ideas of what a mission in a non-Christian country meant. The college which goes by the name of Ya-li in Changsha is no more and no less a missionary college than Yale in New Haven. Both alike try to train students in accordance with Christian conceptions of honor and righteousness. Much might be said of the type of men to whom the career of a missionary appeals. In no other way could Yale have secured the service of graduates of such character and enduring zeal as have already gone out as teachers. They are the sort of men of whom Yale has at all times reason to be most proud, whose reward is never money, seldom even fame, but an

opportunity to become an influence for good to the greatest number.

Of course the objection has occurred to many reasonable alumni that the Chinese, being a people of ancient culture, should not need to be taught a new learning at our expense. But the necessity for leadership in imparting a knowledge of "Western" things is recognized by the Chinese themselves. They see, what every student of Eastern affairs understands, the danger of a mighty mass of people taught by interested persons or tempted by selfish and political schemers to accept some makeshift for education. The aim of Yale in China is to emphasize sound scholarship and show how inevitably character is involved in training a man to real usefulness. In a great province where no effective preliminary school work had been begun it is necessary to commence with young boys and elementary studies; but these can ultimately all be instructed in private and provincial schools while Ya-li builds up the type of university which we believe in at home. When leaders of the people have been raised under the inspiring and moral influences of such an institution they will find professors of their own to carry it on, and the work of Yale will devolve upon a thoroughly Chinese Ya-li. There is no desire here to subject the Chinese to an imported American control of education. Their sense of their own needs in this matter has already led them to employ great numbers of Europeans and Americans, as well as Japanese, to help them install a school system. The scale of the effort is so vast, and China's lack of coordination after centuries of misrule so complete, that she has been unable to effect—as Japan did in forty years—a comprehensive State scheme. The results of trying to apply different types and different nationalities to her needs have been generally unsatisfactory and sometimes distressing. Yale's voluntary contribution to the problem is a noble one: it offers a model set up in the capital of a province noted for its enlightenment; it mans the college with a faculty as rigorously selected as her own; it does this prompted by the same motives as those which induced the American Government to surrender sixteen millions of indemnity money for educating Chinese here, and the Rockefeller Foundation to finance great hospitals for medical research in Peking and Shanghai. The result already attained is a homogeneous group of Americans, all imbued with the spirit that pervades their old college and intent upon imparting the same spirit to the youth of China.

This specific contribution by a great university to the welfare of a friendly nation is now in its tenth year of operation at a cost (last year) of nearly $27,000 subscribed by Yale men. About $100,000 have been spent on land and buildings, and a

6

Dr. Hume; Dr. Simon Flexner; Gov. Chew; Dr. Gen. Chew; Gov. Tang; Dr. Welch; Dr. Yen

But the surroundings were not of these leaders of Chinese t
The great motto at the end of thropy is a model to the wor
hand in welcome." In the spe we were astonished at the gras
benefits which western civiliza They knew of the work of
Servia, and in the combating own Southern states. They we
of introducing public health at
own city. Their civic consciou
and their eager interest in the
Board and the Yale Mission w
well as an invitation. Their
beyond present hopes and accor
the needs of Changsha and Hu
and have ambitions for her to
words. "It is our intention to
requirements of a twentieth
from the center of western m
here, students may go out to
throughout the rest of China
appreciation of what China nee
to the call, and in zeal and eagre
ment for China's great future
all their countrymen. Dr. Butt
was a mountain-peak in our ex

And this dinner was not so
mission and the China Medica
the other members of the Yal
that Yale is building up.

The personal interest and su
the highest official in the pro
when Dr. Welch laid the com
Governor had not been able
had luncheon with him the
promise he went out to the
that afternoon. All the way
and lined by his guards. He
life, for the strength of his
and he leaves his yamen but
unique relationship between t
essential Chinese is due in large
acter and the enterprise and
Changsha. We have sent Yal
Chinese admire and love th

8

YALE IN CHINA

larger sum is being used in the erection of a hospital. No
other university has ever secured contributions of anything
like the same importance in men and money for such a pur-
pose. It is not anticipated, of course, that gifts from the
friends of a single institution can be expanded indefinitely
to meet increasing needs. But in this respect the Chinese
may be trusted to do their share, and their response to the
opportunity has been perhaps one of the most notable results
thus far of the Society's policy. Leaving the general educa-
tional work to its faculty, they have agreed to support a
medical school and erect the necessary buildings to be oper-
ated by the staff of the Yale hospital, the management to
rest with a Board composed of Chinese and Americans in
equal numbers. As the gentry class in China has heretofore
held aloof from missionary activities, this entirely unprece-
dented fusion of native and foreigner in Hunan made a
profound impression upon the China Medical Board when
investigating the medical undertakings of missionaries in
China.

The outcome of the visit of this Board to Changsha is
sufficiently declared in the accompanying articles. It has
made it possible for the Society to set up a first-rate medical
school and provide the region of Central China with facilities
for instructing its youth in the science which appeals most
urgently to their sense of national need. But if their medical
training is to be no makeshift process the secondary and
college instruction must be vitally important to such a school.
Graduates of the provincial schools are as yet entirely unpre-
pared for medical studies, and some years must elapse before
there are many students who are capable of conforming to a
high standard of professional instruction. Ya-li already has
facilities for giving the required drill in English, and proposes
forthwith to offer such introductory courses in science as are
essential, so there need be no duplication in pre-medical
training. The immediate requirement for this preparatory
work is a laboratory for chemistry and biology, which might

be erected this coming year while the hospital is
pleted and its newly appointed physicians are enga-
guage study. While the financial aid thus rec
opens a splendid opportunity for Yale to prov-
nical instruction that appeals most immediately
desires, it does not lessen the burden of support.
lege that has made this expansion of usefulness t
is a great undertaking—one that has already in
prestige of Yale in Asia—but one that has proved
and is not beyond the means of an alumni bo
accustomed to respond to claims upon their genero

FREDERICK W. WILLIAMSON

The Chinese Minister to the United States
Yale in China

In my estimation the Yale-li College at Chang-
is one of the best institutions of learning in Chi
contributed no small share in the modernization
which used to be considered a conservative provi
eigners, but which is now recognized as one of the
gressive of all the provinces in the country.

The powerful gentry and enlightened officials
have not been slow in showing their appreciation of
Ya-li College has done for the general educati
people. In 1913, when a large amount of money w
in the United States for the erection of a new Y
at Changsha, they immediately made it an occasion
strate their appreciation by entering into an agree
the Ya-li Medical College, by which a medical s
jointly established. It is deserving of heartiest su
as well as financial, from all the good people who
the uplifting of mankind by means of education.—
WELLINGTON Koo (Chinese Minister to U. S. A.).

DR. YEN TRANSLATING GOVERNOR TANG'S ADDRESS AT HUNAN-YALE HOSPITAL CORNER-STONE LAYING

YALI QUARTERLY
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF YALE

COLLEGE IN CHINA IN CHANGSHA.

July, 1917

VOL. 2—No. 1

Price 25¢ per year

Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1916, at the Post Office at New Haven, Conn., under the act of March 3, 1879

VISIT OF GOVERNOR TAN

With his Brigadiers, the ruler of 22,000,000 people, spent five hours inspecting Yali

The Governor is a large man, says a letter describing Gov. Tan's visit, immaculately clad in cut-away coat, shirt, collar, etc., and carried a Derby, appearing completely at his ease. The most encouraging part was the intense interest manifested by these leaders of the Commonwealth in each detail; nothing got by them and the number of intelligent questions showed that they were thinking. The itinerary embraced the wards, the nurses' lecture rooms, the clinical laboratory where several interesting specimens were on exhibition; then the medical school with the laboratories of chemistry, histology and anatomy. Only last week we secured two bodies for the anatomical department. You should have seen them pike it down the stairs not as so to be left out! One of the bodies was on exhibition on a table with dissection started on the neck. The gentry all stood around close and not a one turned a hair in spite of the unfamiliar odor of disinfectants. Upon being informed that we had another body in a box being prepared, what did the Governor do, but come back and make us open the box for him.

The guests then mounted horses, sat in chairs, or proceeded afoot to the new property outside the North Gate. With two accompanying generals, there was a military escort of maybe a score. This cavalcade attracted no little attention. His Excellency inspected the Yali College before reaching the new hospital. Then Mr. Wilson took him all over the building, from the ground up.

On the roof of this building there must have been thirty who enjoyed the cakes and tea. The Russian samovar came in handy. Although not much cream was used by the Chinese, they showed their appreciation of sugar, often piling the cup half full of lumps to make a syrup. Sardine sandwiches, cookies and cupcakes disappeared.

The Governor is thinking of erecting a bungalow for himself on his family burying plot in imitation of ours; the bathrooms all white seemed to take their eyes and likewise the low table and benches in the kindergarten room. The distinguished party gave almost five hours to the visit. This Governor Tan was one of the first promoters of the Hunan-Yale work when he was in office three years ago and is still an ardent supporter of the enterprise. This was the first time he has had an opportunity to actually see the plant in operation and we hope the visit will result in the appropriation of funds not only for the current running expenses but also for the erection of suitable school buildings for the nurses and medical students.

The next day the Governor published a prominent statement in the paper expressing his approval of the Medical School's work and saying that the Chinese had nothing to fear from dissection.

A CHALLENGE TO FORESTRY IN CHINA

$5000 annually for a period of years needed
A school, a propaganda, and specimen forests

Our forester, Chang, says interest in tree planting is increasing. "During the last few days the magistrates of Changsha distributed several thousands of trees to the farmers in the neighborhood for planting barren hills. He is a very progressive official and is intensely interested in the reforestation of his district. I hope that before long something on a larger scale can be carried out."

The services of D. Y. Lin, another Yale trained forester, who has been lecturing in China to enormous audiences on forestry and interesting mandarins can be had by Yale in China.

If someone will give $5000 a year for a period of years these two unusual men will (1) organize a Forestry School at Changsha; (2) conduct a propaganda in the surrounding provinces to interest millions of Chinese; and (3) operate tree planting on tracts provided by the local officials as object lessons to the Chinese. Director Toumey of the Yale Forestry School stands ready to lend the assistance of his department and the development shall be under the guidance of him and his associates.

NEW HAVEN LAUNDRYMEN GIVE

The Chinese community of New Haven have this year made a substantial gift to Yali through Mr. S. C. Lee, '17, and a committee appointed by him. Thirty-five gifts amounting to $126 came from the Chinese in the Tientsin Restaurant and in the various laundries of the city. Last year these New Haven laundrymen contributed $58.

PROPOSED ENDOWMENT FUND

Yali's Medical Advisers regard Changsha
opportunity as full of promise

Resolution of the Medical Advisory Board of Yale in China, adopted at their annual meeting at Dr. James's house in New York City in April, 1917:

RESOLVED, that it is the unanimous opinion of the Medical Advisory Board that the opportunities for medical education which are now presented at Changsha are of the highest order and in many respects unique. The work already done by

the staff has been of such quality, the interest and cooperation of the people and the governments are so extraordinary, and the buildings are now approaching completion, so admirably adapted to the needs of a Medical School, as to promise the greatest service to China at a strategic point. This Board has the highest confidence in the future of the School and urges that every effort be made to secure a permanent endowment and support adequate to the opportunity not only of the present, but of the future.

William H. Welch, '70
Walter B. James, '79
Samuel W. Lambert, '80
Harvey Cushing, '91
Theodore C. Janeway, '92 S.
Richard P. Strong, '93 S.
Fred T. Murphy, '97
George Blumer, '07 Hon.

### THE HAPPY "ONE-YEAR MEN"

"Bob" Scotten, one of '14's best, who was a "one-year" man at Yali, in sending his gift from the Madrid Embassy, writes:
> "Congratulate any of the new bachelors for me who are going out this fall and tell them that in my humble opinion they have the most interesting year of their lives before them."

### THE STATESMANSHIP OF YALI

Mr. Jonathan Bulkley, '79, one of Yali's good friends, notes in a letter the larger significance of Yale in China: "I feel that this work is going to do a great deal toward keeping up the friendly relations between the two countries, and as the future relations of United States are liable to be of great importance in the not distant future, it is the best of judgment to cement their relations in every way possible."

### CHINESE NURSE SHOWS RIGHT SPIRIT

Dear Miss Gage,

Yesterday I spook to you that affair of go to firanes. Please you think a way with me because I am glade to get it. I do not know the operation room lesson. I way ask others man but I hope you missiver me.

Your student

### DR. HUME'S WORLD CORESPONDENCES

#### Chinese Graduate Nurses will soon be numerous

Dr. Hume in promoting Yali interests is in touch with two or three hundred men all over the world by correspondence. On his last trip to America he dined or visited with over seventy of his Yale classmates.

The new Hume baby is named Katherina Joy, in honor of the lady who donated one of the residences on the Yali campus.

The new hospital can be seen far and wide in Hunan province. A letter says, "Everyone remarks that there is no work in China that can compare with Stanley Wilson's for stability and permanency."

Yali will soon have enough graduate nurses from its own training school to relieve the stress at this point.

Mrs. Dunham, wife of our business manager, is teaching a class in psychology in the Medical College three hours a week, (two)

and a class of girls at the Presbyterian Mission in physical culture and incidentally doing the letter filing at the hospital. This is splendid.

The question of Sunday work on the new Buildings is a live one. The Chinese contractors find difficulty in handling their native workmen on the Occidental basis. However, our Changsha group feel that the object lesson is imperative and useful.

### CHINESE CALL AT YALI HOMES

By her campus Yali has added variety to life in Changsha, which as time goes on will increase. It is perhaps the nicest place about the city. Not only the foreign residents (about 120) frequently visit the various homes in the mission, but the ever-encouraged Chinese as well, is gradually becoming less shy and is slowly acquiring the habit of calling, and so is seeing something of family life in true Christian homes.

Apart from American doctors, Yali is adding on Chinese doctors. Dr. T. L. Li is a graduate of St. John's College, Shanghai (where Dr. Yen studied—an American Episcopal institution). Dr. Li has just completed two years study on a Rockefeller scholarship, specializing in genital-urinary diseases. He was formerly for four years house officer at the Yale hospital.

On April 9 Mr. Wilson wrote that there were four hundred men busy on the new Hospital. The Hospital will use about 8000 gallons of water a day.

Assignments have been made at Kuling so that each of the staff may have a summer vacation there. Yali needs a couple of bungalows there. The heat in China is so terrific that especially the women and children must escape for a season from Changsha. Kuling is a summer resort in the mountains a few miles south of the city of Kukiang on the Yangsti.

Of the coolies that Yali has a Chinese name Chou Han-hsing. He is called "Joe Hansen," which is pretty close Romanization.

One good fellow writes Yali to call on him for $1 a month. This is what a good Methodist would call "systematic giving" and probably connotes sacrifice.

This extract from a letter to a young Chinese indicates being added to the Yali faculty indicating that Dr. Hume senses the underlying purpose of our great work. It will do no harm to print it. "You must try and share something of the deep, underlying missionary spirit which we all crave and which after all differentiates our work from mere commercialism. Except for the spirit of Christian service we should be living rather empty lives.... Keep strong your Christian life. It is the solid foundation after all."

In a paper read to the Medical Missionary Association of China recently, Dr. Hume reported twenty-six medical colleges in China, some of them missionary, some under the Chinese Government, some private. Two of them are purely female institutions. The largest in point of numbers is the Army Medical College, Tientsin, with nearly 350 students, while the best equipped (with the exception of Hongkong University which he had not yet visited) is the German Medical College in Shanghai. There are under 1500 medical students in China of whom 136 are women.

There is a Yale in China write-up in that breezy Missionary magazine, The World Outlook. This is a heavily illustrated monthly and the art department is certainly onto its job. We wished to circulate a thousand copies and a line to Mr. Sloane, '05 did the business!

Secretary Wilder spoke to the 180 Boys at the Chateo School in May. Practically all these lads are fitting for college. Mr. St. John has a fine plant under the trees in Wallingford on the outskirts looking out on the open country.

One gets not only violets, but slams in this world. A good fellow of New York—even a Class Secretary—writes: "I have seen very little literature of any kind in reference to Yale in China except what has been published in the Alumni Weekly. I have looked this over and found most of it such dry reading that I have not gone very far into it."

Dr. E. M. Medlar, the pathologist who was to have sailed for Yali this fall, feels that Uncle Sam needs him. We have suggested to our young men that it may be the first patriotic duty for the few to cross the Pacific and keep a friendly Orient; but one must respect the patriotic impulse of men. Dr. Medlar is a choice fellow and is governed by lofty motive in all he does. We shall hope to have him with us later. Dr. Crawford, surgeon, plans to sail this fall. Mr. St. Hill '17 S., and Mr. Morse, Physics teacher (who were to have gone out this fall) are also detained by war duties.

It is suggestive that of the "Committee of Seventy-one" headed by Professor Taft, which is promoting the barring of drink at Yale reunions, all but eight are contributors to Yale in China! down to and including the class 1902. "Good in one, good in all," is a profound law. These men are interested in the higher things of Yale.

One of our college juniors has entered the Philippine Forest School on a free scholarship. Yali was privileged to name the man. Two others from lower classes have entered a naval school in Tientsin.

The wife of our Dr. Davidson (who is herself an M.D.) is finding time to organize Chinese women for cross-stitching, proceeds to support children in a Mission school. She writes, "I've got more orders than I now have the thread to fill. It is lots of fun working out the designs, patterns and colorings. It will be easy to sell the work at 100% profit; it will do a double purpose in helping the women and educating the children."

### BRITISH METHODISTS LIKE YALI

The Wesleyan Methodists (British) are good people and have long been strong in Hunan Province. There is a plan to have them co-operate with Yali on the Medical side and in resolutions adopted by that Missions at Changsha, its tribute to the Yali staff and Yali work must impress our American friends. The resolutions speak of "the immense potential influence of the Hunan-Yale Medical School as the official university of the Hunan Government and destined to accompany the future history of China as one of her greatest universities." The resolutions refer to "The supreme importance to the Christian church of maintaining the high Christian ideals that have animated the founders (of Yali)." Co-operation is strongly recommended by these Wesleyan Methodists in Hunan to the home organization in Great Britain.

### CHINESE WORKMEN TAKE RISKS

Extract from Mr. Wilson's recent report on construction of new buildings:

"One of the carpenters fell from the scaffolding at the roof level and died a few hours later. He had the man who had been sick and had just returned to work. He was given a job on the flat roof bossing the waterproofers; he had no business on the scaffolding.

"On March ninth a man was killed instantly by a wheelbarrow which dropped down the shaft of the material hoist. We had a notice posted on the shaft that any person using the elevator did so at his own risk. The man took the risk. Since then we have prohibited anyone taking the risk. I would not have been surprised had we lost a man a month on this building (Hospital) as we have had between three and five hundred men working at once and they are the most careless and indifferent to danger of any people that I have ever seen."

### A JOHNS HOPKINS NURSE

A letter from Miss Warfield, the Johns Hopkins nurse studying at Nanking, describes her youthful happiness in the life of China. She writes, "The mingling with so many broad-minded Christian missionaries and the fellowship has been splendid. I try always to keep my vision bright. I spent the night at Southgate with Miss Mary Kelley of the Christian Mission. She does so much good and with her busy, happy ways gives one an added inspiration."

(THREE)

YALI PLANS DISCUSSED.

DR. AMOS P. WILDER TELLS OF
PROJECT FOR NEW CAMPUS
AND HOSPITAL.

Plant to Be Developed on Broad Lines
—Systematic Physical Training and
Athletics Introduced—Intelligent and
Progressive Program.

Dr. Amos P. Wilder, who was for
many years Consul-General at Shangha
and who is now in charge of the Yale
in-China work in the University, has
written for THE NEWS the following
article about the development of Ya-li
College:

"The fact that four members of Yali 1914 have gone to Changsha, China, to join the Faculty suggests that Yale is organically, if not officially related to Ya-li and the annual report, which now being distributed, confirms the growing belief that Thurston, '98, and Seabury, '96, through their lives were brief, lived long enough to plant something important in the Flowery Kingdom.

"The Report cited among the big 'ne things,' the medical and nursing schools to be started jointly by the Yale staff and the Chinese, the government having a part. This co-operation is attractive wide attention. It will prove a useful precedent. The advantages are that the Chinese will feel that the institution partly theirs. Incidentally in time riot, the lawless will likely be restrained from destroying property that is their own, and not exclusively that of foreigners. But, speaking more generously, will make the Chinese feel that they are doing modern things, and encourage them in this direction, in which they will much more leisurely than the Japanese Ya-li should soon be graduating with equipped native physicians and doing something at least toward abating the gruesome cruelties of ignorance and theformation of commonplaces among the darkened millions of poor old Chinese. The new hospital is assured, and in Dr. Hume and his associates can

THE SO

Liebler & Co.'s Prod

-in-

Elevation of Library to Be Erected in Memo

THE POPULAR PO

WEEK MONDAY

of prizes in games with other
teams.

For this athletic training, and
a certain amount of musical
curricula and others who are
formed report as commonplaces
the darkened millions of poor old
Dr. Hume and his associates can

upon closer terms with Chinese students,
and to give them a more intimate touch
with Western ideals and ways of thought,
than the old instructors have been apt

YALE IN CHINA CAMPUS
NOW UNDER CONSTRUCTION.

Amos P. Wilder Tells of Developments
of Eastern Institution—Yale Men
Interested.

The picture printed in to-day's News
gives a perspective view of the nearly
completed Yali campus, now under con-
struction.

The large building to the right is the
hospital, practically completed. The
construction of the library at the head
of the campus awaits the completion of
the present $10,000 fund. The dormitory
at the left of the library has already been
completed. The laboratory, at right of
the library, is soon to be begun. The
long white building is a temporary reci-
tation hall, erected at a cost of $5,000.
In the foreground are athletic grounds
and residences of the faculty. Four of
these are completed and in use.

With the building of the new railroad
through Changsha to Canton, the land
owned by the College has increased con-
siderably as the tracks lie directly be-
hind the campus, a number of pieces of
land are now available which the Trust-
tees are desirous of purchasing.

The campus fronts on the Siang river
and embraces thirty acres of which the
Chinese gentry have given ten acres.
Late pictures show the new buildings in
use by the students, and also the athletic
fields.

Amos P. Wilder, head of the New
Haven branch of Yale-in-China, in an
interview with a News reporter last
night, said in regard to the progress be-
ing made at Yali:

"Arnold and Graves, 1916 S., and
Shove and Lucas, of 1916, are writing
home enthusiastic letters as to their year
at Yali. Graves intends to study medi-
cine with a view to returning to the medi-
cal side of the work.

"Four men of 1917 and 1917 S. are
planning to proceed to Changsha this fall
unless detained by military duty, reason-
ing that to upbuild a friendly Orient
is a part of the broad preparedness pro-
gram.

"The College Department graduates
its first class this June, numbering eight
men. The Medical School reports that
550 applications for catalogues have
been received from all parts of the
Orient, including Siam and the Malay
Peninsula.

"There are now twenty-two teachers,
doctors, and nurses at Yali, in addition
to the group studying at the Language
School at Nanking. J. W. Williams,
1908, is President of the Language
School. The school includes new mis-
sionaries and young business men who
wish to learn the Chinese language be-
fore entering on their duties. H. V.
Smith, 1912, led the forty-five students
in marks."

## YA-LI PLANS DISCUSSED.

Dr. Amos P. Wilder, who was for many years Consul-General at Shanghai and who is now in charge of the Yale-in-China work in the University, has written for THE NEWS the following article about the development of Ya-li College:

"The fact that four members of Yale 1914 have gone to Changsha, China, to join the Faculty suggests that Yale is organically, if not officially related to Ya-li and the annual report, which is now being distributed, confirms the growing belief that Thurston, '98, and Seabury, '96, through their lives were brief, lived long enough to plant something important in the Flowery Kingdom.

"The Report cited among the big 'new things,' the medical and nursing schools to be started jointly by the Yale staff and the Chinese, the government having a part. This co-operation is attracting wide attention. It will prove a useful precedent. The advantages are that the Chinese will feel that the institution is partly theirs. Incidentally in time of riot, the lawless will likely be restrained from destroying property that is their own, and not exclusively that of foreigners. But, speaking more generously, it will make the Chinese feel that they are doing modern things, and encourage them in this direction, in which they walk much more leisurely than the Japanese. Ya-li should soon be graduating well equipped native physicians and doing something at least toward abating the gruesome cruelties of ignorance that missionaries and others who are informed report as commonplaces among the darkened millions of poor old China. The new hospital is assured, and in it Dr. Hume and his associates can do

provided students as they advance. The students now number 130. They are the best material offered by the many schools of Hunan and adjoining provinces that act as feeders to Ya-li.

"Mr. Gage, '98, the Dean, in his report, notes the introduction of systematic physical training and supervised athletics, with interscholastic games. It is no surprise that with a trained athlete like Paul S. Achilles, 1913, in charge of this department, competing teams went down like chaff before Ya-li.

"On the medical side, careful examination of the physique and condition of the students was made, and the report shows that the Chinese are defective in this regard. The improvement of this faulty condition is a legitimate department of a modern college.

"Those who have visited Changsha and noted the wide influence it has in all central China are agreed that it is one of the best things Yale is doing. It is a farsighted thing to do. This is an era when it is the ambition of men, and notably institutions to exert influence beyond one's own baliwick and one of the best places to operate for a university charged with maintaining and promoting American ideals is at Changsha, for within 600 miles of that ancient capital live one-fifth of the human race. They are just breaking into modern life and thought, and will take their trend from those who are kind to them and are interested in them. Yale has sent some of her choice sons during the past decade to do this work and they have taken some noble American women with them who share the task. They have built and planned in a large way, confident that Yale will not fail them. The annual report shows an intelligent and progressive program. It remains for those at home to do their part."

Elevation of Library to Be Erected in Memory of

THE SO

Liebler & Co.'s Producers

THE POPULAR POLY

WEEK MONDAY

For this athletic training, and a certain amount of musical training, the College has been most fortuitous. Having the services of Yale Graduates, graduated at New Haven, and out on one-year appointments, young teachers have been able upon closer terms with Chinese students, and to give them a more intimate touch with Western ideals and ways of thought, than the old instructors have been apt.

China, 1907.

Elevation of Library to Be Erected in Memory of Warren B. Seabury, '00, Drowned at Kuling, China, 1907.

The success of the hospital has led to

a unique government with medical staff to furnish erect a school for nurses for the Chinese relations developed hospital. good feeling among the staff take services, and in the hospital Social Service the co-operative school, the doctors last nurses, one in connection with which the staff is tirely strange. there are no lems in disease, but the competition to it "tired the

The College from through which the students have a great deal of college teaching; on adequately trained

YALE IN CHINA PROGRESSING.

ANNUAL REPORT SHOWS CO-OPERATION OF CHINESE WITH VARIOUS MOVEMENTS.

Medical Department Decided Success—Training School for Nurses Under Way—Athletic Training of Students Looked After Carefully.

The annual report of the College of Yale in China, published at New Haven early in October, is an account of excellent progress being made in this well-established effort to inaugurate higher education of the best Christian type in Central China. This report is drawn up under two heads to describe the work of the two departments, College and Medical. The College has a history of eight years of teaching behind it, and during this time it has won itself a place of great esteem among the gentry of the provinces, who are quick to appreciate effective work. It has grown steadily, till now there are enrolled a hundred and forty sutdents, under seven American instructors and as many more Chinese teachers. The Medical Department has maintained a hospital, the first to be established in the city of Changsha, and it has won the favor of the people of the city as no other means could have done.

of prizes in games with other school teams.

For this athletic training, and also for a certain amount of musical training the College has been most fortunate in having the services of Yale men just graduated at New Haven, and who go out on one-year appointments. These young teachers have been able to get upon closer terms with Chinese students, and to give them a more intimate touch with Western ideals and ways of thought, than the old instructors have been apt

The success of the hospital has led to a unique attempt by the gentry and Government of Hunan Province at co-operation with the Yale doctors in founding a medical school. The Chinese have agreed to furnish certain funds annually and to erect a school building, provided the Yale Hospital will furnish the teaching and nursing force. This plan originated with the Chinese, and shows markedly the relations with the natives that have been developed by this mission college and hospital. A further evidence of this good feeling is shown by the Government's asking the Yale doctors to undertake service on various public commissions, and by the supplying of workers in the hospital by a Chinese Women's Social Service League. As a result of the co-operative agreement for a medical school, there were opened by the Yale doctors last Fall two training schools for nurses, one for men and one for women. In connection with these schools, in which the standards of work were entirely strange to the students in attendance, there arose some amusing problems in discipline, the students presenting petitions to have night work stopped, as it "tired their bodies unnecessarily!"

The College Department is just emerging from the preparatory school stage through which most young mission colleges have at first to pass. As the work of college grade is undertaken, special attention is being given to two lines of teaching: one to supply students really adequately trained to take up the highest grade of medical school work; the other, to prepare men for teaching. In the past, Chinese students

low educational standards as China still is. The "Yali" graduates are to be leaders in China's future educational development. As need may arise for the special training of ministers, the College stands ready to offer electives in Greek and Hebrew.

This year for the first time, all students have had complete medical and physical examinations. The results show the boys to be less developed than Americans of similar age, and that there is a large percentage of them having digestive and respiratory troubles. It is a noteworthy fact that the physical weaknesses shown by this examination are nearly all such as will be readily removed by a thorough course of the proper athletic training. The students are mostly boys to whom athletics are unknown when they enter college, but they are showing themselves very willing to take up training of various sorts, and they have already won more than their share

to do. The College is to be congratulated on having four men go out this past Summer from the graduating class at New Haven, to render this one-year service.

The report closes with the budget for 1914-1915. The total sum called for from American sources is $24,528, a moderate sum for supporting a college of a hundred and forty boys and a hospital of forty beds.

with Americans of
late and the 20-
hour journey by
pleasant river boat
from Hankow to
Changsha makes
an easy diversion.
There a welcome
awaits the tourist
and, being off the
beaten track, he
sees a good deal of
Chinese life that
escapes most trav-
elers who cling to
the coast port ho-
tels and the per-
sonally conducted
ricksha parties "to
the native city."

Proposed Library Building, Yale in China—The Unique Effect of Combining Chinese and Western Architecture

Yale, a Centre of
Influence

To see the twenty-five Yale teachers, doctors and nurses at work is to clear up a good deal of misinformation and to take in the significance of this twentieth century effort to transfer to the 400,000,000 Chinese a lot of Western ideas and ideals that ought to count. Visitors see more than a school and college of two hundred young men, representing the advanced students of half a dozen provinces; more than a big hospital work among the wretched, more than the new medical school with forty students taking the courses. They see a thirty-acre campus already numbering some handsome buildings put up under a New York construction expert, combining the graceful, traditional native lines and curves with the more utilitarian Western architecture, to be object lessons to the government and to Chinese of the influential classes who will put up many ambitious buildings in the years to come. They see a foreign community living in close and sympathetic relation with the Chinese of a big city, enjoying intimate social life with the *literati* and officials, the women of both races united in hygiene projects, the municipality turning over to the Yale doctors the sanitary care of Changsha; the Yale teachers being consulted on all sorts of topics by the Chinese, and governors and mandarins of high degree frequent visitors in these Yale homes and figuring at the college functions.

All distrust and hatred on the part of the Chinese have disappeared. From New Haven has gone a succession of skilled and gentlemanly workers in the "Yali" activities, and these and their women have thrown in their lot with the Chinese, who are proud of their American friends. The condition of amity and mutual interest has made possible by-products of influence and uplift in many ways perhaps even more important than the routine work in class room and hospital. The distinctive characteristic is the co-op-

eration between the races. Yale has not gone out to do things *for* the Chinese but *with* them and they like it. The Chinese have equal voice in the conduct of the hospital, medical and nursing schools. They contribute liberally toward their support, most of the money being turned over from provincial funds under the authority of the Peking governmental boards. Not content with joining in the upbuilding of the medical school and the Yale hospital, the Chinese themselves have developed a Red Cross work; they have a tuberculosis hospital and a contagious hospital. These they finance, leaving the medical work to the foreigners. It is an example of what can be done by getting the confidence of the Chinese through living permanently with them.

The old notion that co-operation with the Chinese is impracticable is being exploded. The experiment is full of significance to the foreign business man in China. We all know the Chinese have resources, ability, money. If the medical activities of a Chinese city can be thus jointly operated, why not the mines, the railroads, the factories?

Specialized Faculty

The staff of teachers at "Yali" is made up of permanent and temporary appointees. The former are men who have specialized in some study. The day has gone in China when, provided the teacher is a foreigner, his qualifications are unimportant. For college work, such as being done in Canton College, at St. John's, Shanghai, in Tsinanfu and at "Yali," the faculty must now be made up of specialists. In Japan the native schools and colleges are so ably staffed and equipped that the foreign mission institutions compete with them with difficulty, if at all. It would be difficult to afford better advantages than the University of Tokio affords. It will be some time before this is

steps, to give us a send-off as hospitable as the
come had been. Altogether, it was the most interest-
days it had in China.
I was immensely

106

Trigonometry Class Making Observations.

Ya-li Students Trying "Company Right Turn."

true in China, but already the ambitious Chinese youth are discriminating as to what instruction is offered them and they know that the foreign institutions thus far best purvey Western learning and there is no dearth of applicants. The instruction in standard studies is in the English tongue. All the students speak English; they come to the Changsha institution from mission and government schools, where a beginning was made in English. It is getting to be so in China that high-class youths speak one foreign language. In Shantung province this may be German, and French in the districts dominated by that people, but nearly always it is English. The old question of what is to be the world-tongue would seem to be settled —it is to be English. So eager are those young Chinese to speak English and to master "Western learning," including the sciences and literature, that it is necessary to put pressure upon them lest they neglect their native language and literature. No Chinese can hope to be of influence among his people in a large way

unless he has the prestige of native scholarship. At colleges like "Yali," there is a native faculty made up of wise men who inculcate in their pupils a knowledge of the forms and spirit of the Chinese tongue.

The practice is springing up in New Haven of each graduating class sending a delegation of "one-year-men"—young fellows who go to Changsha to assist in the teaching, and especially to play the elder brother to the Chinese boys in their diversions, debates, athletics, dramatics and Y. M. C. A. activities. It makes a notable year for the young graduate. He has the benefit of travel across the Pacific. He becomes familiar with the issues of Japan. He usually takes the overland trip to Canton at the Chinese New Year vacation, and he may return home by the way of India, certainly in normal times. Some classes have sent four of these temporary teachers. One result is to interest their mates at home in their experiences and in turn in the Orient at large.

Group That Organized the Medical School.

Nurses' Training School of Changsha Yale Hospital.

Education the Real Lever

While Americans, as a rule, confess greater interest in the medical side of a work like that of Yale's, looked at profoundly the educational side is probably of greater moment, if one may so dispute of the relative value of truth. To relieve suffering is admirable —and the growing staff of doctors at Changsha are doing this. Moreover, the medical school is now training doctors—but to build into the makeup of hundreds of youths a desire to do things is the real business. Indeed, I go so far as to say that not the doctor, not even the teacher, but rather that man or woman who awakes ambition and aspiration or arouses a sense of obligation in the young Chinese, is doing the supreme service. Not infrequently I meet men in America, broad in other matters, but blind at this point. They will give freely to medical projects and to education, if it be sharply detached from everything that hints at character-building or religious incentive. Of course it is sectarianism they aim at, and to that extent they are justified. But of all the mistakes in China the sharpening of the wits of this clever people with no effort to convey some idealism that shall make their education a benefit to others is one of the greatest. By such a policy one merely turns loose on the impoverished people a shoal of unprincipled, efficient professional business men, able by their foreign instruction to fatten on the pitiful needs of their fellows. The unscrupulous comprador who owes all he is to some foreign school is familiar to the coast ports. The mission colleges have done it better. They sought to get at the heart of the man and were not content only to make him more able. No one who knows the Chinese ever thought them stupid.

But without the leverage of a clearly understood principle, the Chinese cannot establish those finer relationships with their fellow beings in which humanity rather than brute competition, is the guiding note. The old ethics do not meet the new industrial conditions.

The Water-front at Changsha—Native Junks and Foreign Warships on the Siang River

Two Needs of China

Two things have been said of the Chinese that go to the heart of things. One is the conclusion of President Eliot after touring China, that "the trouble of the country is that it has no great men." Yuan, the late President, did his work in his way, and with his old school training and limitations he could do no more. The present executive, Li, is one to whom we foreigners are drawn. He wants to do the progressive thing. The world may reasonably look for good service from President Li. But no one can doubt, looking forward a very few years, that the control at Peking is to be in the hands of men who have been abroad and know what characterizes a modern, well-organized, progressive state. The old type of mandarin must decrease and the young men, the educational handiwork of foreigners, chiefly Americans, must take control of the government. This is the challenge to colleges like "Yali" and to the American Universities which are training "Indemnity" and other Chinese students. These institutions are dealing with the boys who in two decades will be in control of China, numbering a fourth of the human race.

The second comment that is pertinent is to this effect—"the Chinese are too poor to be good." The education we give this people should look to the prompt development of their resources. I traveled 600 miles in China a few years ago and saw but one smokestack. Happily that day is abating. But there must be power manufactures and a mining policy that encourages, not discourages the development of the enormous wealth in the ground. Thus far China has had to live by agriculture alone, and she has starved.

There was an incident recently on the "Yali" campus which shows how useful such a work as this of Yale may be in China. It was at a celebration of the tenth anniversary of the opening of the institution. In the presence of a large number of spectators gathered for the occasion, two hundred Chinese youth stood sprinkled over the campus, each holding a young tree over a hole made ready for its reception. The military governor of the province—there are 22,000,000 people in Hunan—pulled the rope that rang the bell in the Atterbury Memorial Chapel and every tree fell into place as well drilled soldiers ground arms. Ten thousand natives of all degrees witnessed the spectacle and will never

forget it. It was worth while in this poor tree-
denuded land. The feature had been arranged by one
of their own Chinese—Chang, educated at the Shef-
field Scientific School and the Yale School of Forestry.
The next week one of the big government schools sent
over to secure trees for a like ceremony. Chang fur-
nished them from his nursery.

A Chinese-Yale Type

Another Chinese has proved of the greatest assist-
ance. Dr. F. C. Yen studied medicine at Yale and
with Dr. Hume is at the head of the medical staff,
which numbers six American doctors, with two more
to sail next fall and three trained American nurses.
Yen is not only a skilled physician but a diplomat. He
is related to official families, was the personal friend
of the late President as he is of the present executive,
Li Yuan Hung. It is to this remarkable young Chi-
nese that much of the co-operation with the Chinese
should be credited. Tactful, modest, effective in the
quiet, persistent way of the Chinese, he is one of the
best known in the New China movement. At present
he is taking a year off studying public health at Har-
vard and has lately been designated by the Rockefeller
Foundation, Dr. Victor's International Health Com-
mission, to study the hook-worm at the Ping Hsiang
mines.

Those of us who have been in China best sense the
far-reaching significance of such a plant as the one
the Yale men have established at Changsha. It is an
investment whose value only prophets can estimate.
It means scores of intelligent Americans of influence
spending a short or longer time in an interior province
and coming home to inform this country of what the

Chinese are doing. It means the graduation each
summer of scores, later of hundreds, of young Chinese
trained in Western education and charged with our
best ideals to go among their fellows and hand on the
leaven. It means a lot of good will, for while young
men of India go to England to be educated, often to
return filled with animosity, it is an interesting fact
that one never meets a Chinese who has been trained
among Americans without uncovering a friend. The
opportunities are so big in China for modern-trained
men that these "Yali" youths can scarcely fail of lead-
ership. Some of them will come to high things; some
of them will be men of power in Peking. It is not too
much to say that this center at Changsha is influ-
encing millions of natives in a number of ways. The
philanthropist may rejoice that foot-binding, slavery,
polygamy, opium, bad housing, ignorance and super-
stition grow obsolete in an atmosphere such as this
high-minded, enthusiastic group of Americans gen-
erate. He looks forward to the evolution of the Chi-
nese home. The educator rejoices that standards
worthy of the homeland are being erected for the
imitation of the Chinese who have a public system to
evolve. The scientist welcomes the forces that war on
ignorance and the development of the neglected me-
chanical side of education. The forester is glad to
have the government of the country wedded to prac-
tical measures that shall clothe the hills with timber
for fuel and building purposes. The publicist sees in
this influential center expanding knowledge of the
methods and policies that make for better government.
The business man is keen to detect the importance of
a friendly people. In starting this adventure in the
Orient a knot of Yale youths built better than they
knew.

Two Needs of China

Education the Real Lever

not
make
an
annual
contribution
to

# Silk—Our Strongest Oriental Tie

## The New Demand Here Stimulating Search for Broader Production Fields

By George A. Brakeley

N EARLY five thousand years ago a beautiful Chinese lady, Si Ling Chi by name, perplexed her friends at the court of the famous Emperor Huang-Ti, whose Empress she was, by exhibiting a mysterious interest in the common tree called mulberry, in the cultivation of the moth that fed upon that tree to the exclusion of all others and in a peculiar manipulation upon a crude frame-work of the soft, lustrous filament that came from the cocoons the insects spun.

The Chinese now call that lady “Te ching tsun kou niang,” the Goddess of the Silkworms. For Si Ling Chi was the very first, so far as there are records, to espouse the art of silk-growing. She has become a mystic figure of great import to thousands upon thousands of “silk farmers” throughout China. Of still more interest than the story of her patronage of silk-growing is the legend that she likewise invented the loom, which if true would make her equally famous with her husband who is credited with the conception of the calendar.

Since the time of the Empress Si Ling there has been large advance in the method of growing the silk-worm and of securing the raw silk which it gives forth but still not as much progress as the centuries would seem to promise. One reason is that for 3,000 years the secret was jealously guarded by the Chinese and it was many centuries before knowledge of the art escaped to others. Not until 300 A. D. did the Japanese to whom travelers had brought exciting tales of a

strange industry practiced by the people of the mainland of Asia succeed in getting information of the enticing mystery. Then several Koreans smuggled in four Chinese girls who instructed the Japanese court and the people in the art of silk weaving. From that moment silk-producing became one of the principal pursuits of the Nipponese who now lead the world in silk-growing. In their success they do not forget the "pilgrims" who landed with the first lessons and in honor of the four Chinese girl pioneers a temple stands in the province of Settsu.

Several centuries after the Japanese had learned the secret it was revealed to the nations on the westward road to Europe. The story is that eggs of the silkworm and seeds of the mulberry tree were carried to India by a Chinese princess who concealed them in her head-dress. Another version is that in 555 A. D. Nastorian monks brought to Constantinople the formulas of the Chinese industry hidden in a cane. Thence it spread to Arabia, Italy, France and to all the countries in which equable climate and favorable labor conditions made an auspicious field for its introduction. From these humble beginnings, silk is now being manufactured in so many forms through scientific instrumentalities that it promises soon to become almost as universally used as cotton or wool.

## The New American Popularity

The remarkable popularity attained by silk products in the United States is largely a development of the last

few years. Even a decade ago, there was no such general use of silk. The promise of increased use is fairly astounding. Diamonds and pianos have long been regarded as barometers of affluence. Now silk has come to be ranked alongside them, with this material advantage.

When the public has money to spend it goes in for many luxuries —jewels, musical instruments, automobiles, and silken garments and decorative creations; when the money becomes scarce, piano dealers and jewelers first suffer. The habit of wearing silk, once contracted, however, cannot be shaken off easily, with the result that the "swing-back" in the trade is never so pronounced as in other lines. A

Courtesy of Morimura, Arai & Co.

Gathering Mulberry Branches

YALE FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY

November, 1914.

Classmates:

I am in New Haven this winter giving my time, as strength permits, to Yale-in-China at Changsha. I have known the work and the people for eight years.

It is a fine thing that we can help China at this formative time by training leaders for her - teachers, preachers, doctors, engineers.

The People are but the attempt of many to rise
To the completer life of One;
And they that serve as leaders to the mass
Are singly of more value than they all.

The benefit is scarcely less to Yale at home. The undergraduate body is getting informed as to the Orient. They are naturally interested in their mates who go to teach or to work in the Hospital. (Four '14 men are already on the scene.) The effect is to project Yale ideas, influence and prestige into the Orient and to widen the New Haven outlook.

Someday there will be a great University at Changsha with all that means of "light and truth" to China.

Hitherto many have not known of the work but Armour, Chapman, Eaton, Gale, Holliday, F. S. Jones, McClellan, Spencer, Walker and Worcester, have been steady givers. This year we must have $25,000 to send to Changsha beside strengthening the Building Fund. The plant is to be moved to a new Campus.

I am sending this to a considerable number of '84 men. Will you not make an annual contribution to "Ya-li" as one of your charities? Subscriptions range from $5, $10, $20 up, according to ability.

Trusting that you can and will come in,-

Yours in '84,

5 White Hall,
New Haven.

4

A DECADE AT CHANGSHA

but by the time this is printed, the School will have moved to its new campus.

Among these hundred and eighty boys I saw few familiar faces; a dozen or two in the college department who had been in my prep school classes before. So many have to drop out after a year or two for economic and other reasons, that we have a much more changing student body than is desirable. It is hard to persuade a boy who has picked up enough English to get a job in the post office or the Standard Oil Company at ten or fifteen dollars a month that it is worth while for him to continue his education.

These students are in seven classes, against five three years ago; and this fall our quota of classes will be complete, four each in college and prep school. This makes a much larger amount of teaching to be done by the foreign staff than in 1912, and yet that staff consists of exactly the same four men as then, helped out a little by instructors from the Medical Preparatory Department. This necessitates our carrying teaching schedules which would be heavy, even for prep school work, and which are far from allowing opportunity to work up courses of college grade. Our urgent need is for an adequate Faculty, if we are to do work of Yale standard.

The change in the character of our curriculum, now that the college is opened, is well illustrated by the shelves of the book room, where the students buy their text-books. These used to be filled with primers and readers and elementary high-school texts; now, while these books are still there, there is also a goodly assortment of college text-books, such as one sees at the Yale Co-op. The college students, too, are at a stage where they do not have to stick as closely to the text-book as is necessary for the earlier students, owing to their lack of English; and outside reading can be assigned in moderation. Reference shelves for different courses are made up by borrowing books from the personal libraries of the instructors, for the School as yet has a very meagre collection of books of its own. Select reference books in every department of study are urgently needed, and gifts of such would be much appreciated, especially after preliminary correspondence to avoid duplication.

The loyalty and spirit of the students is good; they are interested in their studies, and work hard at them, realizing that they are of a privileged few who have the opportunity, and that their country needs trained men. They appreciate what the institution is doing for them, and are as proud of the Yale name and what it stands for as any man who has studied at New Haven. With the material expansion and improved health conditions on the new campus, prospects are bright, if only the teaching staff can be reinforced and kept large enough properly to man our steadily growing institution.

DICKSON H. LEAVENS, '09

## II. A Day in the Hospital

My first day in the Hunan-Yale Hospital was a revelation to me, as was the first trip to the Red Cross Hospital, which we also operate. The former is for women and the latter "for men only." Of course, one expected to see signs of industry, but he was hardly prepared for the bee hive that welcomed him.

Let us take the Hunan-Yale or Women's Hospital first, for it was the first seen. It is located in a large Chinese building, or more properly a series of buildings that have been remodeled for our use, all within the confines of a high wall à la Chinese. At the right of the entrance is the pharmacy, an institution providing not only for the medical needs of the hospital and community, but catering to its commercial wants as well, within certain limits. Here one can get a case of tinned milk, cocoa, and all the popular toilet preparations that are necessary; Colgate and Williams are running neck and neck for first place, each having a goodly bunch of rooters. In fact, the pharmacy is almost as well stocked as a drug store at home, lacking only the soda fountain and the tobacco department to make it complete.

The next thing to be seen is the crowd of waiting patients in the court that serves as a reception room. Here are gathered

all sorts, the "maimed, halt, and the blind," patiently waiting their turn. It is a queer sight to see well-dressed women brought to a dispensary in their own private sedan chairs. But we treat them all, rich and poor. Of course, they are charged in proportion to their ability to pay; to her that hath not shall be given, and from her that hath shall be taken a part of that which she hath.

One is impressed by the frequent and varied demands made upon the physician in charge, Dr. Hume; not only does he have to do the medical work, but problems administrative, executive, and legislative are put to him with startling rapidity, and all are settled diplomatically with his characteristic "Sunny Jim" smile. The surgeon is called upon to do anything from dentistry to chiropody, though his work is supposed to be limited to the Equatorial region. All these things will be straightened out when our business manager and more surgical help come to our aid.

In this hospital there are about seventy beds, and they were nearly all occupied. The diagnoses and treatments would be of professional interest, but to see the obvious confidence and gratitude of the patients would rejoice even a layman's heart. I saw one child weeping bitterly, and learned that she was going home cured; a month before she had been admitted against her will in an equally lachrymose condition, and now she wants to stay!

We have in the two hospitals institutions doing splendid work, not only prepared to minister to those now needing medical or surgical care, but to do what is in my mind even more important, and that is the training of men in medical education. In this way the work can be carried on by the Chinese themselves long after we have earned our reward and turned it over to them, leaving an enduring monument of which Yale may indeed be proud.

J. R. B. BRANCH, Johns Hopkins B.A. '04, and M.D. '08

## III. A One-Year Man's Impressions

Our trip to Yokohama was made especially pleasant by reason of the facts that we were joined by Russell Lucas, '16, and three Princeton boys bound for the Y. M. C. A. at Peking, and that the passenger list was of unusually high calibre. At Yokohama, where we arrived on the nineteenth, we stayed only long enough to get a train for Nikko, justly one of the most beautiful spots in Japan, and for that reason the world, where are to be found the most beautiful temples in the empire. From there, after all too brief a visit, we left to climb Mt. Fuji,—via Tokio, the capital and largest city, Yokohama, where we transacted our business; Kama-kura, where is the giant statue of the Daibutsu (Buddah), and place we six (the Princeton boys were still with us) secured horses and guides and at about four in the afternoon started up. We had intended going via Subashiri, supposedly the best and shortest route, but as four of us had rather frisky horses, we were unable to resist the temptation and went dashing ahead only to lose our way, so that when we met the rest of the party again we found that we should have to take the Gotemba route.

We arrived in Kyoto the next morning, where we three stayed for a week at a native inn—one of the best weeks I have ever spent in my life. We had a suite of three rooms and foreign food for yen 10.50 per day ($5.25). To say that we lived in luxury is to put it lightly. I will outline a typical day. Up at 8.30, bath and breakfast, clad only in kimonos. Shopping,—Kyoto has the most fascinating shops I have ever seen,—or sight-seeing until noon, when we generally had tiffin at one of the two foreign followed by movies, etc. At all times while at the inn we were always frank but never familiar and consequently added Shanghai the last of August via Kobe on the Jap steamer for Persia Maru, taking some five days for the trip. At Shanghai, which from the water front looks like a foreign city,

Ye-tsi
icar
re

A DECADE AT CHANGSHA

5

A GROUP OF YA-LI STUDENTS, SOME IN UNIFORM (TENTH ANNUAL ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION)

we stayed only long enough to arrange passage up the river to Changsha. This last 800 miles of our journey took nearly a week and we made it first-class Chinese on a Jap boat. First-class Chinese entitles you to a bare wooden bunk, one dirty moth-eaten mattress and a one-degree-less-dirty red blanket, with Chinese chow. We, however, ate foreign food as far as Hankow when, becoming thoroughly acclimated, we did the remainder of the trip wholly Chinese, chow and all, suffering no ill effects whatsoever, probably because we took along a little bread and jam to fill in.

We were delighted with Changsha from the start. It is no foreignized place like Shanghai or Hongkong, but a typical Chinese city redolent of the Middle Ages, with all the filth, lack of sanitation, narrow streets, and home industry of that period. It is the capital of Hunan Province, the last to be opened to foreign influence and that only a few years ago, a city of some 300,000 persons surrounded by a wall which varies in height from twenty to sixty feet and at all places is amply wide for two Henrifords to pass in comfort, and is about five and a half miles in circumference. The new Ya-li compound is just outside the north gate of the city and we still retain the old compound within the city, where several of the families live. Our Mission of over fifty persons comprises about a third of the foreign population and all of them are well worth cultivating and not a bit like the "Mishes" which Life depicts. The plant outside of the city comprises at present seven new Faculty residences, which would "get away" anywheres at home: a chapel seating from five to six hundred; two "dorms," sleeping 180 (at present the capacity of the School); a classroom to be used eventually as a dormitory when the permanent one is finished, and an athletic field circumscribed by a one-sixth-mile track. There is under process of construction a hospital which when completed will compare favorably with any we have at home, which is to be under the supervision of the Hunan-Yale Board; a laboratory building with complete and up-to-date equipment, and another Faculty residence. So you see we have much of which to be proud. Our work is mainly with the boys and consists of educational and athletic instruction, while we supposedly serve as their prototype, though I hope they will not imitate us too closely. I have twenty-one hours a week of teaching, consisting of English, trigonometry, German, and Bible; while the others have similar schedules, with the exception of Arnold, '16 S., who spends most of his time at the Y. M. C. A. They play Association football (soccer largely), a game which none of us had ever seen played prior to our arrival; and perform indifferently well, though comparatively very well, at baseball, basketball, volleyball,

and on the track. At present several of the doctors and myself are busy taking exhaustive physical data, which when completed will prove of great interest in comparison with our boys at home. They run in age from fourteen to twenty-five, and on the whole are good students, though they are lacking to a surprising extent in initiative and imagination. However, when we consider their history and former mode of education, it is not so surprising, after all. They have played four games so far this season, losing only to a team composed of foreigners, took first place in a city track meet of twenty-eight schools, and established some fair records at their own meet two weeks ago. We have divided the School and College of 174 members (twenty-four are in the College), for the purpose of competition, into two teams or camps and find that it gives promise of working out very well.

We "bachelors" (as the unattached members of the Mission are termed) have mess quarters of our own in a lathe-and-plaster one-story affair which is not only attractive but also affords ample opportunity to display our social tendencies; and Lucas, chairman of the entertainment committee, keeps us in a constant round of frivolous activity. Shove and I have a suite of three rooms, sleeping-porch, living-room, dressing-room, and bath, in the larger of the two dormitories, while Arnold and Lucas have similar accommodations in one of the Faculty residences. We have plenty of work to keep us busy, ample opportunity for exercise, and all the social life that we care to participate in, so that we are having a thoroughly good time besides a wonderfully educational experience. We have done more walking since we have been here than I, at least, have done in my life, and think nothing of a fifteen-mile jaunt. Yesterday we took the train to I Chiawan (Ejauwan), a station about twenty miles south, and, starting about one in the afternoon, walked the twenty-five miles to our compound, which we reached about seven-thirty. The variety of scenery along the Yangste, the beautiful day, and the novelty of it all made it very well worth while, and we hope to take many more like it. At Chinese New Years (about January 13), when we get a three-weeks holiday, we are going to take the overland trip to Canton, about four hundred miles south, and we expect to make all but a hundred miles by foot, returning by boat via Shanghai.

That is about the whole story to date and some time after Christmas I will write again, giving details of our trip to Canton and anything that has transpired here in the meantime. I hope I have been able to give you a glimpse of our life out here and some idea of the wonderful experiences

A DECADE AT CHANGSHA

7

RESIDENCES: JOY HOUSE; THURSTON HOUSE; BLODGETT HOUSE

just admitted, had made bombs, and in the meeting of a revolutionary society, with the bombs on the table before them, got into an argument, and knocked over a bomb. The net result is three people killed, two new foreign-style houses burnt to the ground, and three badly wounded patients in the hospital, one with his leg cut off almost at his hip, all needing a magnet to get out the fragments of the bomb; all this because they did not remember that bombs are not like nine-pins, to be knocked over with impunity. Of ninety patients now in the hospital, two typhoids and a few tubercular patients are the only exceptions to wounds by violence.

In the hospital the wounds and the stories of how they were inflicted make us feel as if we were "at the front." But when the Chinese raise $10,000 for Red Cross work we feel as if we were at home with the constant appeals for Red Cross money. A benefit week at one of the theatres sold nearly 4,000 tickets at a dollar apiece. This where the people usually pay ten cents for a seat shows their interest in Red Cross work.

Martial law in the city, which we have enjoyed for some months, varies the monotony of going to the hospital, so that the trip is no longer the simple sitting in one's chair and being carried by three coolies which one pictures it from a distance. One quiet day walking along the corridor after class a doctor asked me if I had heard the machine guns, and said there had been an attack on the Governor's yamen, or official residence. I telephoned and discovered that bombs had been thrown in different parts of the city, and was advised to hurry home before dark. The city had been put under strict martial law, and every twenty yards I was stopped by a knot of soldiers, armed to the teeth, bayonets fixed, who peered into my chair, and demanded why I was on the streets at such a time. The magic words "Hunan-Yale" caused them quickly to smile and wave me on, "Pass friend." Once my chair coolie slipped and cut his knee on the bayonet which the soldiers always hold within a few inches of the passerby. Next morning no one was on the streets, and the sentries looked surprised at my venturing across the city, but "Hunan-Yale" was the only password necessary. By noon the places of attack on the day before were decorated with heads of the benighted souls who had tried to rebel. These stayed up for several days, a reminder to the passerby of the dangers of not submitting.

NINA D. GAGE, R.N.

V. The Financing of Yale in China

A good many of us feel that Yale in China has "made good," thanks chiefly to an exceptional lot of men sent to Changsha; and as president of the Society operating the work I am glad of the opportunity afforded by the ALUMNI WEEKLY to call the attention of friends of this enterprise to the need of some large gifts at this time. Some 800 men and women make an annual subscription to the maintenance

budget and this forms an excellent foundation of well-informed alumni. But there are those who would do more if they realized the need. Wisely or otherwise, we do not say much about the financing of Ya-li; for instance we do not report the amounts of individual gifts as many institutions do. We have proceeded on the theory that if the work at Changsha was creditable, the alumni would appreciate it and of their own motion furnish the requisite funds. The plant and plans have now reached a point where small gifts are not enough if we are to develop the needs of the School, College, and Medical activities.

Without imposing details on readers, I would point out that there are incomplete items of the campus that should be provided. Some very excellent buildings have been put up and a good start made. But a power plant is requisite for lighting, electric current in the hospital, etc. This calls for $10,000, of which $5,000 is already pledged conditional on the other half being given.

There is need of a water plant. Estimates call for $5,000, of which $2,500 is conditionally pledged.

The same sum will install a sewerage system, of which half ($2,500) is pledged, conditionally.

For grading and draining of the campus, $2,000, of which half is pledged, conditionally.

It should be noted that the value of these things as object lessons to the Chinese in equipping their own institutions, public and private, is very considerable.

The last report of Mr. Gage showed that sundry small tracts of land to piece out the campus are essential and these should be bought now. The native owners have been approached and some will meet us in price. The completion this year of the new railway which skirts our campus will, it is known, advance prices. At present we have some twenty acres, in addition to which our Chinese associates in the work have ten more, but thirty acres is not enough if we look forward even a decade.

A recitation hall is needed. Temporary quarters now serve for this important department of the work. Additional residences for the married men of the Faculty who are in Changsha permanently are needed; this is a form of gift which will interest some. The work of raising $25,000 a year for the budget by small gifts has proved extreme, with the result that some $7,500 indebtedness has accumulated which should be wiped out. The cost of the home office is cared for privately so that every dollar of general subscription is applied in Changsha. Friends of Ya-li have been gratified by the gifts of the Chinese of Hunan Province; they are certainly doing their part. In 1915-16 they gave $15,000 directly to the work. The China Medical Board shows its faith in us by an annual subvention to the medical side. Only by hearty giving by our Yale contingent can this support by others be secured.

There must be Yale men and friends who now know enough about this China venture to come to our aid with substantial gifts. The management does not propose to go faster than

A DECADE AT CHANGSHA

funds permit, but too much conservatism will be fatal if we
are to meet the opportunity that our faithful representatives
at Changsha and the enthusiastic Chinese have now put up
to us.
We have been fortunate in

We have been fortunate in committing to life work in
China some of the best men Yale has graduated in late years.
Let us get heartily behind them and give them equipment
to work with. It is not extravagant to propose that the
new campus be equipped; that the small debt be cancelled;
that more residences for our married teachers be erected;
that certain parcels of land essential to the campus scheme
be secured. In conversation with Yale men one finds a grow-
ing appreciation of what our people are doing in China, and I
must believe those who have means to do these larger things,
to supplement the loyal, persistent smaller gifts of the many,
will mark the end of the first decade's work by coming
forward now with the needed support.
CLARENCE H. KELSEY, '78

CLARENCE H. KELSEY, '78

VI. Chinese Forester Surprises the Natives

Our people at home may not understand what a valuable
man Mr. F. L. Chang, Yale Ph.B. '13, M.F. '15, is with his
training in forestry. He has been teaching biology to pre-
medical students, but he has not stopped there. What his
influence might become is indicated by a recent incident. At
our decennial celebration, in place of a pageant, we had a tree
planting on the campus of 170 trees, one by each student.
Chang had them all organized in companies, each company
led by a college student who is taking his course in elemen-
tary forestry. The trees (from his own nursery) and the
holes were in readiness, and when the Military Governor
pulled the rope of the Atterbury Memorial Chapel bell,

instantaneously the hundred and seventy trees went into place
like the grounding of arms of a well-drilled company. The
whole tree ceremony took not more than fifteen minutes but
the impressive sight and its meaning will live long in the
minds of the many guests who saw it. A few days later
another school decided to do the same thing at one of their
celebrations and they came to Chang for the trees, which he
furnished from his nursery. His nursery will in time be of
immense service for this province. He could not only turn
out trained foresters but in the three years from Sophomore
to Senior, with a course each year for those who elect it, he
could give a training that would make some of our graduates
very useful. Many more would take the elementary course
and catch the enthusiasm of their teachers and go out to
be intelligent and ardent advocates of afforestation and con-
servation of forest resources in China. Any one at all
acquainted with the needs of this distressed country knows
what that means. Professor Jones of the geography depart-
ment of Chicago University, in his recent visit here, said he
found it the belief of competent observers that such work
is the second great need of China on her material side,
second only to the building of railroads. In addition to his
and fast becoming invaluable. He has Dr. Yen's winning
personality and is fast becoming one of our strongest links
with the Chinese. In a few years he is likely to have as
wide an influence as Dr. Yen. Moreover, he has unbounded
influence with the students. His strong Christian character,
his devotion to their interests, and his athletic leadership give
him prestige which he uses to the full. As a force making
for clean sportmanship, loyal spirit, and fine influence, he
is a great asset. It will be sorry business if we lose him
next year for the lack of a living salary which he must
have.

BROWNELL GAGE, '98

SECOND CLASS, PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT (THUS CHINESE TEXT ABOVE)
Second row, left to right: Arnold, '16 S.; Leavens, '09; Shove, '16; Graves, '16 S.; Powell, '16 S.; Hail, '04 D.; Chinese teacher: Gage, '08; two

native teachers Mr. Johnson (American Consul); military instructor (Chinese army officer). In front row, second from left, "Ted" Hume

WORK OF YALE MEN IN CHINA
DESCRIBED BY AMOS P. WILDER.

Need for 1917 Men in Changsha Next
Fall—"Experience Equal to Rhodes
Scholarship."

The official report, just published, of
the year's work of the Yale Mission at
Changsha, has called forth the following
words by Amos P. Wilder, '84, who has
from the outset been a great supporter
of Yali, or Yale-in-China.

"Each year," Mr. Wilder says, "the report of the Yale Mission at Changsha is increased in size, and even the most careless Yale man begins to realize that his college is doing something important in the Orient. Yale-in-China gets out sundry literature, including an occasional supplement to the *Alumni Weekly*, but, as the project is essentially a college, with scholarship stressed, it is well that the reports of the various departments are once a year presented in full form and in dignified setting as becomes an institution of learning. Each department is treated formally by its head; thus, the 'Governing Board' is discussed by Mr. Brownell Gage, '98, Chairman of the Board, who has served faithfully at Changsha since the days he began the work Mr. Thurston, '98, and Mr. Sea-bury, 1900. The article on "The College" is also written by Mr. Gage. Some have expressed surprise that the body of students is not larger than 27, but it must be remembered that it is no small task in the heart of China to build up students capable of taking studies of college grade, the instruction being imparted in the English language.

"There are now students of Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior status. But it has required a decade to evolve this clientele. For members, one must look to the Preparatory School, which has some 200 pupils. Mr. Hail, '66, also a veteran of the 'faculty, reports for these youths.

"While in the beginning medicine was an incident at Yali, Drs. Hume and Yen have proved too big for small things and already Changsha is one of the medical centers of China. About them is gathered a staff of six foreign physicians, including a woman; these with three American trained nurses, cared for 33,000 cases last year. They train Chinese nurses, male and female, and this year furnish the instruction in the medical school of fifteen pupils and in the pre-medical school of forty pupils. The new hospital now building will be opened in March, 1917; it is the gift of a Yale graduate of '97, a class-mate of Dr. Hume. And there are no words to tell of what help, healing and development Yali is to provide with this equipment of men and things. To supplement them a laboratory for teaching and research in physics, chemistry and biology has lately been authorized.

"Eleven new workers were sent out this fall, including a teacher of Anatomy, two nurses, a business manager, three permanent teachers (in Biology, Geology and Physics respectively). On addition there were four graduates of '16, including two Sheff. men,—Arnold and Graves,—and Lucas and Shove, Academic.

"One must travel in China to understand that such a center as Yale men have instituted at Changsha is more than a mere school of instruction; it is a center of influence and uplift in many directions, which will yield returns for a century and more. The outlay of money in the dozen years that the work has been growing is comparatively small; not more than thirty men have gone out, yet it is not too much to say that every intelligent Chinese of all-China knows of this work in Hunan Province. The Yale men at Changsha are in touch with the Peking Boards, and the Mandarins of Hunan Province are their personal friends and consult these Yale men on public matters. An example of co-operation has been effected between the Yale group and the Chinese which attracts the widest attention. The medical activities are operated not by our Yale men alone, but jointly with the Chinese officials and gentry, a Board of twenty men of both nations sitting about a table monthly and supervising the details. It is not a mere hospital work that we are doing; but public health, hygiene crusades interesting native women of high class, the sanitation of Changsha, a city of 300,000 people, milk and water supply,—these with tuberculosis hospital and Red Cross work are departments of the Yali project. More than that, relations of intimate social sympathy characterize the place. It is significant that the high class Chinese intervisit with the Yali men and women; they study Confucianism and Christianity in a spirit of

mutual toleration. In the efforts to put
down opium, to lessen slavery, foot-bind-
ing, polygamy and other sorry features
of Chinese life, Yali is a living factor
touching the lives and destinies of mil-
lions of people.

"Every Yale man should feel a pride
in this extension of his college into the
Orient; it will greatly distinguish Yale,
indeed already it is playing a part in a
True Preparedness, building up mutual
information and making influential
friends for the United States in the high
places of China.

"Members of the Class of 1917 should already be considering the sending out of a number of representatives to Changsha in the fall of next year. Those are indeed fortunate who shall go. The practice is for these young men to spend a year teaching at Yali. In the fall of 1914, four young men went out; in the fall of 1915, two of the class of that year; this fall four with the 1916 degree

sailed. These are known as "one year" men. They assist in the teaching; they help in athletics, debates, religious activities and in general associate with the Chinese boys to tremendous advantage. It is hoped, in in years past, some '17 men may be able to finance themselves; doubtless the class will wish to subscribe to the support of one or two others who cannot do this. Withal, it makes a notable "first year out" of college for any young man; he comes back well-informed as to the issues of the Orient. The experience and maturing may almost be compared to what a Rhodes Scholarship will do for one."

Resolution of China Medical Board, October 24, 1916:

"RESOLVED that the sum of Thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) be and is hereby appropriated to the Yale Foreign Missionary Society for a laboratory to be erected in Changsha, Hunan Province, in connection with the Hunan-Yale Medical School, the sum to be used as follows:

```
"Building..................$25,000
"Equipment..................  5,000
                             -----
                         $30,000"
```

Dr. Buttrick says: "When you are prepared to proceed with the construction of this building, we will make payments as requested by you."

1 TAOTAI CHU.

2 BROWNELL GAGE, '98, B.D.

3 His Excellency TUAN FANG.

4 JAMES B. REYNOLDS, '84.

5 TAOTAI CHIANG.

6 WARREN B. SEABURY, 1900, B.D., M.A.

## GOVERNOR TUAN FANG'S WELCOME TO NEW YALE

His Excellency Tuan Fang at New Haven, Feb. 14, 1906: "I am particularly interested to see Old Yale, the tree from which springs the New Yale in my province, Hu-nan. All of the officials in China, including myself, look upon this project most favorably, and we will do all in our power to further the work. It supplies our crying need for an institution where skilled instructors may teach our people the modern theory of medicine. My visit to Yale University, curtailed as it has been, was one of profound interest and intense enjoyment. I leave to the University my heart-felt appreciation and farewell, 'Long live Yale!'"

## ADMINISTRATION IN AMERICA

**Organization:** An incorporated society with headquarters at New Haven. Membership composed of Yale graduates, undergraduates and friends of the University. Annual meeting at Commencement time. Office, 233 Durfee Hall.

The annual budget and the general policy to be pursued by the Society are determined by the Council at its annual meeting in June. All details of management, however, are intrusted to the Executive Committee (which meets n 'hly) and to the Faculty in China. The Society elects one-half of the Council in groups of 'o serve four years, in a manner similar to elections for the University Corporation; there being, however, no official connection with the latter body. Vacancies occurring in its Permanent Membership, as likewise in the Executive Committee, are filled by the whole Council:—the Society, therefore, is not a close corporation.

Without impairing its strictly independent and undenominational features, the Yale Society has the advantage of being affiliated with the historic American Board for reasons of economy and the tried efficiency of a century's experience in the Far East.

## NEW YALE IN CENTRAL CHINA

"Yale is soon to exert a powerful influence in the Far East. An undertaking of inestimable value and historic importance is being carried on that bids fair to equal the greatest achievement ever attempted by this university. We speak of the college now being established in Changsha, Province of Hu-nan, China. The character and purpose of this institution are not as yet fully realized by Yale men." (From Yale News editorial, February 3, 1905.)

**Purpose:** To help the regeneration of China by establishing there an institution of the type of Yale, as an educational and moral object lesson.

The parent university required nearly two centuries to evolve from the "college school" of 1701 with its single instructor and two students. Under present conditions in China, however, it is not too much to expect that New Yale will attain maturity within the lifetime of its founders.

**Field:** Has exclusive charge of the higher education of a province in the heart of the Empire, containing a fourth as many people as the United States, with influence extending to other provinces. One of the most intelligent native populations of China, foremost in influence and energy in the whole Yang-tse Valley region, and desirous of learning the essentials of Western civilization and modern progress.

**Scope:** An independent, undenominational, but soundly Christian institution of higher learning with its teaching practically adapted to present needs. At first Preparatory; but College, Scientific, Medical, and other departments added as required; careful class-room drill with laboratory practice, and strong emphasis on developing Christian character. Will ultimately attain to a true university standard.

**Curriculum:** Instruction to be given in both Chinese and Occidental history and letters,

["5", "The machine was built in 1900, and the first\nSociety of the Machine was organized in 1899.\nSome of the members were members of the\nSociety of the Machine, and the Society of the\nMachine was organized in 1899. The machine\nshall be of a short duration, and will be\nenjoyed for a short time only. The Society of the\nMachine shall meet at the machine shop, and\nshall meet at the office of the machine shop,\nand at other convenient places. The machine\nshop shall be of a short duration, and will be\nenjoyed for a short time only. The machine shop\nshall meet at the office of the machine shop,\

["but it is not the broad highway which\nhis may seem to imply. In some\nplaces it widens out to the width of\ncountry land in America, but, for the\npart it is a narrow path or\npart it is

The Yale Mission School in the Changsha Riots

Several letters from Yale men who were at the Changsha School
Commencement. They show the experiences of the Yale instructors in
follow:

during the riots last Spring were received too late to be printed before
the exciting days of last Spring in Hunan. Excerpts from these letters

I

The beginning of the trouble is described by D. H. Leavens, '09,
who lives in the School compound.

The first intimation we had of trouble came Wednesday evening, April 13, when at bedtime Mr. Wang, the School proctor and general business manager, told Hail that there was great excitement in the city, that a mob was assaulting the Governor's yamen and trying to kill him. On me personally this did not make very much impression, and I did not realize the seriousness of the situation, so I slept peacefully until I was awakened between three and four in the morning by Hail and Mr. Wang and told to dress and be in readiness to clear out at any time. After dressing I went over to the Gages', where the other foreigners on our compound were already assembled. Hail and Latoulière (the postmaster) had not slept at all. About 1 A. M. one of the clerks from the post-office had rushed in to tell Latoulière that a mob was at the gates, and asked what to do; also that a mob was attacking the Government bank near by, as well as the Methodist Mission across the street. This was, naturally, not reassuring news, and at last, between three and four, the gate-keeper and Mr. Wang rushed up with the news that the mob was outside in our street. They had pounded on our gates, and the gate-keeper wisely opened up and set out lights, and they did not disturb the place, after the manner of college Sophomores, who usually treat a Freshman well if he opens up promptly. On the other hand, at the Hospital, where they were slow in opening the gates,

they smashed the sign boards but did no serious damage. Later, other rumors came in of attacks on the Wesleyan, Norwegian and China Inland Missions, with looting, but no foreigners injured. A chit finally came from Hume saying that the people of their compound had gone out under military escort to the soldiers' barracks at the northeast of the city, where Hume knows the General Yang. We sat around in the Gages' living room ready to clear out if Mr. Wang thought it necessary. He brought us Chinese gowns, which we put on over our regular clothes and thought might serve as somewhat of a disguise in the darkness. We did not wish to flee unless absolutely necessary, for there was no place to flee to as the city gates do not open until daylight. Fortunately there were two steamers due to sail at daybreak, and we got word that the Consul had ordered the English one, the Siangtan, to wait to rescue the foreigners.

So we had time to pack up, and I prepared my bedding and the most important of my clothes and little things, not attempting to fix up books, stationery and general supplies. After breakfast we called up the student committee to decide what we should do about having classes. At first the students thought they would be all right if we kept them there, but finally it was thought best to close the School for a few days, and for the students to go to their homes in the city. At about nine o'clock we all cleared out, leaving Hail, as someone ought to stay in the School. Gage and I walked down to the steamer escorting the ladies' chairs and were not troubled at all in the street. We found other people there, perhaps twenty or thirty in all, and more coming all the time. Here we learned the details about the attacks on the Missions and the situation began to seem more serious.

II

The following from Dr. E. H. Hume, '97, whose house is a rented compound about half a mile from the School and Hospital, describes a more exciting adventure:

At 1.15 we were awaked by a sharp rapping at our door and a servant rushed up to tell us that the constables—who are permanently located across the street from our house to serve us, as such constables can, in the way of escorting, and so on—had hurried over to say that the crowd was now after us, that the Norwegian Mission, very near by, had been attacked, as well as the China Inland, and that we better go out. I asked whether we might rush down to the steamer, and they said we could not possibly go on the street. When I asked where they wished us to go they said they could not tell but that we must do something. So we ordered the servants to break through the safety gate we have at the back, leading into the house of some people living in our rear—a gate known as the "Great Peace Gate." Every one hustled into a few clothes and we gathered some necessities for the children and, a few minutes later, found ourselves in our neighbors' house, while the people there, all kindness and realizing the situation, hid us in a dark room lying empty. The company which thus fled from our house consisted of nine foreigners, four of them babies. . . . Our neighbors were splendid. They fitted us all out with Chinese clothes, including caps and shoes, and we certainly should have been able to fool a fair crowd where the light was poor. Well, the hours between 1.30 and 5 A. M. passed by, every moment seeming to be more strenuous than the last, for our servants were constantly coming in with news that the Norwegian Mission had been battered into, that the C. I. M. had been wrecked, and that passing rowdies had said at our gate "For-

FREDERICK N. JUDSON, '66
Appointed by President Taft a member of
the recently organized Federal Commission on
Railroad Securities

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY.

GROWTH OF THE CHANGSHA YALE.

Review of the Work Done and a Look to the Future—
Opportunity and Privilege for Teachers.

The third year of the Yale Foreign Mission has brought it to another stage in its growth. Up to this time the Mission has advanced to the realization of its aims by a gradual process of selection and elimination; it has now found its place in China, made clear its policy and established its first permanent officers in the city of its proposed operations. To understand the full purport of the year's history it is convenient to keep in mind the two ends of the movement, the managing and sustaining end of Yale at home and the end where a new Yale is rising abroad.

The Committee having in charge the business of conducting this enterprise at home has felt most sensibly the increasing interest of Yale men in a proposition which may have seemed at first rather quixotic but which has already proved itself to be practicable. A great step in advancing an idea to its accomplishment is taken when you can confront your sceptical observer with a situation rather than a theory. The Mission has an organization nicely fitted for its purpose—a bank account in New Haven and in China, three professors learning in America with the intention of joining them there later. Here is a beginning. Bigger bank accounts and more instructors will be wanted, but when Yale men are convinced that they are necessary to the fulfilment of a desirable purpose they will surely come. There has been gratifying promise of this among the undergraduates in New Haven during the Scientific School for subscriptions in the College and Hall, as a "Yale extension movement" for the common ends nearly two thousand dollars. Another year will return more, first systematic attempt to bring the scheme before the students personally there was general evidence of warm approval and a plan and showing the position of its proposed college on a no one who cares to learn what has been already done may be the Mission in China will be published occasionally, and every the growth of this scion of the old institution planted in an alien soil.

MR. BEACH'S WORK.

The return of Mr. Beach last fall from a visit to India and China, where he was able to investigate many mission and government colleges of the type which it is proposed to reproduce or improve, brought to the committee plenty of fresh and useful information. He has, by reason of his personal inspection of the locality, been able to inform its members in many particulars which might otherwise have proved hard China and the Chinese has, as ever, been of inestimable value in deciding questions of policy and plans for educational work there. The evident impression made by the movement upon of applications from students and young alumni for appointment upon the college staff. The presence of Dean Wright in the Committee has made it possible to estimate very thoroughly the qualifications of all candidates, while it is sent out. There are not many graduates of Yale who would not be satisfied to take the Dean's word for a man whom he to determining the character as well as the ability of every man who goes out to serve Yale in the East. To Mr. A. C.

Williams, '98, the representative of a younger generation on the Committee, is due the thanks of the Mission for his devotion to its interests and the increase of its friends here and elsewhere, and especially for his activity in securing funds for fitting up a suite of rooms in Durfee as headquarters for the Committee. These rooms are not only the office of a working society but a center where students and visitors are received and introduced to the visible memorials of its activities. Such headquarters, obtained without any decrease of the Society's funds, show to the outsider the seriousness of its purpose and indicate the real enthusiasm which has inspired its promoters. In this, as in all things where it is in earnest, the Yale spirit does not fear to count the cost and go ahead.

At the foreign end the Mission has clearly improved its position during the past year. Mr. Seabury, 1900, who completed his graduate studies and was ordained in June last year, joined Mr. and Mrs. Gage at Hankow in October and began at once the study of Chinese. They removed in March to Changsha, where, until permanent quarters are obtained, they rent a portion of the buildings occupied by the Norwegian Mission. Though the period necessarily devoted to studying Chinese prevents them from engaging in any other work for two years or more, the presence of these men in the city where they propose to establish the college is highly desirable and of the very cordial reception extended to them in company with Mr. Reynolds, '84, by the provincial governor, Tuan Fang, soon after their arrival in the capital city. The incident, under the circumstances, was not merely a courtesy extended to strangers by a high official,—it was a public expression of welcome and approval to a project that might have been attitude on the part of that great magnate and the official class. In a community whose official sanction bestows prestige and of letters for the development of native scholars in the new being hampered or prevented by a thousand petty obstacles thrown in the way of its growth.

DR. HUME AT CHANGSHA.

The arrival of Dr. Edward H. Hume, '97, and his family from Bombay in the early Summer marks the latest acquisition to the Mission force in China and the commencement of that it is proposed to make one of the important features of the college. Dr. Hume's exceptional ability, his professional training and experience and his reasons for leaving India are matters the year's work would be complete without particular reference to this important accession to the Faculty being gathered for and manhood that make for real greatness and success, not to expect results that no money endowments could secure if intruded to mediocre talent.

On the other hand, it must not be supposed that the obvious necessity of securing financial support has been neglected by the friends of this enterprise. The salaries are guaranteed tenance are covered by contributions from the alumni and undergraduates, and as these expenses increase the subscriptions must of course be more plentiful. Special gifts as to time, such as that given last Spring from the Class of 1848 for the Blodget Memorial House. The indemnity fund the college building amounts now to more than $50,000 (sil- obtained and the plans completed. The Yale Alumni Associa- who have studied here, has promised to attend to the needs and growth of the college as one of the first objects germain fund) has been begun by a number of graduates pledged to give $100 annually to the Mission for five consecutive years;

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY.

YALE'S EARLY SQUAD OF CANDIDATES FOR THE FOOTBALL TEAM.

Photo by Curran

positions there are the following: Stevenson, 175; Morse, 173; Hoyt, 170; Flinn, 175; Roome, 181; Wernecken, 178; Veeder, 168; Levine, 190; Quill, 188; Root, 165; Wiley, 165; Mitchell, 166, and Zimowski, 171.

All the work so far has been in the rudiments of play under the direction of coaches Owsley and Bloomer. The system will be the same as that Yale has followed in recent years with Walter Camp as the practical head of the coaching staff. On Saturday, September 30, a game was played at the Field between the first and second elevens to take the place of the game scheduled with Trinity which was cancelled by Trinity because, they said, their best men were often seriously hurt in the Yale game and lost to them for weeks. The impromptu match, which was played in eighty degrees of temperature, showed nothing beyond good physical condition and some speed. As football it was very poor with fumbles and misplays. Neither side scored in twenty minutes of play.

Following is the complete schedule of the Yale games for the season:

Wednesday, October 4—Wesleyan at New Haven.

Saturday, October 7—Syracuse at New Haven.

Wednesday, October 11—Springfield Training School at New Haven.

Saturday, October 14—Holy Cross at New Haven.

Saturday, October 21—Pennsylvania State College at New Haven.

Saturday, October 28—West Point at West Point.

Saturday, November 4—Columbia at New York.

Saturday, November 11—Brown at New Haven.

Saturday, November 18—Princeton at New Haven.

Saturday, November 25—Harvard at Cambridge.

## Football at Harvard.

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., Sept. 29—After two weeks preliminary practice on Soldiers Field, the first line-up and scrimmage for the Harvard University team came Tuesday afternoon of this week. For several days two elevens not included in the second squad had been running through signals. When they came together, the result was anything but satisfactory, for the substitutes scored on the regulars, who showed small result of the hard drill they have been put through since they were called out. Harvard this year has one of the largest squads she has ever had, and plenty of experienced material. Already

a strong, well-balanced backfield is in sight, but the outlook by no means is bright for a line that can develop strength enough to hold its own against Pennsylvania, and later Yale Unless there is some new material, Harvard will again have to build a line of heavy, short, thick-set players from whom it is hard to bring out speed.

The fact that Reid is head coach again after three years have passed since he gave Harvard its last winning team is really the sole license for the pervading atmosphere of optimism at Cambridge. While the material is apparently as good as last year and two years ago, it is very different from that from which Reid moulded his great team in 1901.

There will be two new ends on the eleven, as Montgomery who played end last year, has been shifted to tackle and Squires, the tackles last fall, both are available, neither is fast. Squires should be a great deal better than he was last fall. Pierce, the only promising guard, has no university experience, although he played on the second eleven last year. White, who played guard last Fall, has been shifted to center. O'Brien, a Freshman who played guard at school, is the best end now in sight. Blair, at the close of the year, is likely to give way to Hall, of last year's Second. This is the appearance of Harvard's line at present.

There are half a dozen good backs, Foster being the chief as Hurley's running mate. Fullback is a different problem for the best kickers are men who have not carried the ball Hanley's weakness on defense is hurting his chances, although he has played two years. Guild, a Freshman fullback in the first team, has returned to college. He has had two years' work on the Second and should have been in the big games last year. Lockwood, who played end last year, is being tried at fullback but mainly on account of his kicking. Leonard, a quarterback is one of the best kickers on the squad, but he is not likely to beat Starr for quarter. He is too light, almost, for an or back. Burr, a heavy Freshman from Andover, has been doing some remarkable kicking, but when taken to the University squad he will be used as guard. Lincoln and Nash are fair halfbacks.

With Reid this year will be associated Coach W. H. Le for the center men, B. G. Waters for the tackles, E. Bowd for the ends, Leo Daly for the quarterbacks, and R. P. Kerr for the kickers. Beyond a doubt this is the strongest combination Harvard could get together, and any system inaugurated by Reid and his associates this year will be well tested. will be a question of making players this year, not of developing them.

PREAMBLE

In accordance with the principles upon which Yale
University was founded, as indicated in the original
charters of the institution, and in response to our own
sense of obligation as Yale men to the generation in
which we live, we, "for the service of God" and
"the upholding and propagating of the Christian * *
* * religion," do organize a Missionary Society, and
do establish a mission or missions to be manned and
maintained by Yale men, to carry to foreign lands the
gospel of Christ and the benefits of Christian civiliza-
tion.

Such a Society must be independent in its action
and not under the control of any denominational
body. Recognizing, however, the many advantages
that may be obtained through association with a
well-established, thoroughly equipped and trusted
missionary organization, with a world-wide reputation
for missionary service, abundant facilities for mission-
ary work and, furthermore, of historic connection
with Yale, we inaugurate our work with assurances of
co-operation on the part of the American Board of
Commissioners for Foreign Missions, as hereinafter set
forth.

CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE I.—NAME, LOCATION AND OBJECT.

The name of this organization shall be The Yale Foreign Missionary Society. It shall be independently incorporated by that name under the laws of the State of Connecticut, and located at New Haven, Connecticut. Its object shall be the permanent support and direction of a mission or missions on the foreign field, to be manned and controlled by Yale men, and be known as "The Yale Mission."

ART. II.—MEMBERSHIP.

The membership of the Society shall consist of all graduates and undergraduates of Yale University who have contributed during the year to the work of the Society, whether by funds or services, and of such other persons as shall be elected by the Council to honorary membership.

ART. III.—COUNCIL, AND OFFICERS; THEIR DUTIES AND ELECTION.

SECTION I. The government and direction of the Society shall be vested in a Council of forty members.

SEC. 2. The said Council at its annual meeting shall elect from its own membership the following officers of the Society: a president, a vice-president, a recording secretary, a treasurer, an assistant treasurer, an auditor, and seven of its members as an executive committee. The Council shall also elect a nominating committee and other necessary officers, and may adopt such by-laws as it shall find desirable for the transaction of its business.

The mission or missions of the Society shall be in the main self-governing, as outlined in the Society's Handbook.

SEC. 3. The membership of the Council shall consist of two classes: (a) permanent members, and (b) elective members.

(a) The permanent membership shall consist of twenty men, as follows: the President and the Secretary of the University; three members of the Corporation; eleven members of the University faculties, each of the following departments being represented by at least one member—Academical, Sheffield, Divinity, Law, Medical, and Graduate; the President of the American Board and two other representatives of the Board, and the University General Secretary of the Yale Young Men's Christian Association.

Vacancies occurring in the University portion of the permanent membership of the Council shall be filled by vote of the Council, exclusive of the members

6

of the American Board. Vacancies occurring in the representatives of the American Board shall be filled by its Prudential Committee.

(b) The elective membership shall consist of twenty graduates of Yale University.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in con-
sequence of the first election by the permanent
membership, they shall be divided into four groups.
The members of the first group shall serve for one year
and until their successors are duly elected and quali-
fied, the members of the second group shall so serve
for two years, the members of the third group shall so
serve for three years and the members of the fourth
group shall so serve for four years, so that one-fourth
may be chosen every year.

One month before the annual meeting of the Society it shall be the duty of the nominating committee to nominate ten candidates from the membership of the Society, and submit the list by mail or otherwise to each member, who may elect five of these names or may substitute therefor names of eligible candidates of his own choosing and return his vote to a designated officer on or before the day previous to the annual meeting. The five candidates receiving the highest number of votes shall be elected for the ensuing four years and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

7

SEC. 4. The duties of the president, vice-president, recording secretary, treasurer, assistant treasurer, and auditor shall be such as ordinarily pertain to these officers. The vice-president of the Society shall be the presiding officer of the Council.

The Council shall be empowered to determine the general policy to be pursued by "The Yale Mission," to decide upon the location of such mission or missions, to vote the budget for the ensuing year, to receive and approve the annual report of the executive committee, to fill any vacancy occurring in the permanent membership of the Council, to elect to honorary membership in the Society such persons as shall be recommended by the executive committee, and to have the final decision of all matters of larger import pertaining to the Society.

The executive committee shall be empowered to choose an executive secretary, select and commission the missionaries of the Council, prepare and present to the Council at its annual meetings a report of the work of the year on the foreign field and the budget for the ensuing year, and in general conduct the active management of the affairs of the Council.

The executive secretary shall discharge in general
the responsibilities of a corresponding secretary of a
Mission Board.

8

The nominating committee shall propose nominations to fill vacancies occurring at the annual meeting succeeding its election.

### ART. IV.—MEETINGS.

The annual meetings of the Society and of the Council shall be held in New Haven, Conn., during Commencement Week.

Special meetings of the Society or of the Council may be held at any time upon reasonable notice at the call of a majority of the executive committee.

### ART. V.—AGREEMENT WITH THE AMERICAN BOARD.

The relation between the Society and the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions shall rest upon the assurances and promises following:

#### A. The Yale Mission:

1. Recognizing the honorable history and the long and successful work of the American Board, affirms its earnest desire and purpose to labor in harmony with it.

2. It will elect the President of the American Board ex-officio and two other members, to be chosen by the Board's Prudential Committee, as members of the Council.

3. It will present annually to the American Board a report of its work for the year.

9

#### B. The American Board:

1. Gives its hearty support to the Yale Mission, recognizing it as an under denominational missionary movement, independent of any existing Board, but acknowledging a connection with the American Board as provided above.

2. It places at the disposal of the Yale Mission its agencies for the purchase and distribution of mission-ary supplies, and the forwarding of funds.

3. It will give to the Yale Mission in case of any important difficulty arising with native government or people, the same moral support and good offices with the home government, if necessary, as would be brought to bear in the case of one of its own missions under similar circumstances.

### ART. VI.—AMENDMENTS.

This constitution may be amended at any annual meeting of the Society by a three-fourths vote of the members present, provided that notice of such amend-ment has been sent to the members one month before such meeting.

IO

## BY-LAWS.

1. The annual meeting of the Society shall be held in New Haven, Connecticut, on Sunday evening of Commencement week.

2. The annual meeting of the Council shall also be held in New Haven, on Sunday of Commencement week, and shall be open to all members of the Society.

Ten voting members of the Council shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

3. The Council shall be empowered to elect to honorary membership in its body such recognized missionary leaders and organizers, and such "class-representatives" as the executive committee shall nominate.

4. The said honorary members of the Council shall share with like honorary members of the Society the right to be heard at the annual meetings of the Council, but shall not have the privilege of voting.

5. The executive committee shall meet monthly during the academic year, and at such other times as may be necessary.

Four members of the executive committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

II

6. The executive committee shall send out each year, at least two weeks in advance, to every member of the Council, a copy of such reports and a statement of such questions to be considered at the next annual meeting, as the committee shall decide require fuller individual deliberation by all the members of the Council than is possible at such a meeting.

7. There shall be at least one member of the executive committee on the nominating committee.

8. The fiscal year of the Society shall end March 31st. All contributions to the Society's funds shall be sent directly to the Treasurer of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society, New Haven, Connecticut.

9. These by-laws may be amended at any meeting of the Council by a two-thirds vote of the members present.

EXERCISES AT THE UNVEILING OF THE
TABLET IN MEMORY OF

JOHN LAWRENCE THURSTON

JUNE 17, 1913

PROGRAM

THE INFLUENCE OF LAWRENCE THURSTON

BREWER EDDY

PRESENTATION OF THE TABLET

HIRAM BINGHAM

ACCEPTANCE FOR THE UNIVERSITY

PRES. ARTHUR T. HADLEY

INVOCATION

HERBERT GALLAUDET

alumni, and when the financial relation
between Yale and her graduates is so
intimate as it is. That the men who
furnish the Yale funds have not merely
the right to know how they are used,
but also the right to inform themselves

Kuling, China, July 31, 1907.

AN ACCOUNT OF THE DEATH OF THE REV. ARTHUR MANN, YALE 1899,
AND OF THE
REV. WARREN B. SEABURY, YALE 1900.

Five of us left Kuling last Monday morning, July 29th, to
make a visit to the "White Deer College," which lies at the foot of
the mountains about ten miles from here. This college dates back to
the ninth century and is of interest because of its connection with the
names of some of China's great literati, especially the writer of the
standard commentaries on the classics, the sage Chu Hsi, who did
much for the college in the twelfth century. It was therefore of special
interest to our party, all of whom were engaged in educational work,
Mann at St. John's College, Shanghai; Kemp at Boone College,
Wuchang; Seabury, Hume, and Gage at the school of the Yale Mission,
in Changsha.

We started with a beautiful sunrise, but about six o'clock
we found ourselves in the Nan-Kang pass surrounded by clouds and
mist, and at one time were on the point of turning back. But the
clouds rose above us and bright sunlight appeared on the horizon over
the Poyang lake. So we continued our journey down the mountain. The
road is in beautiful scenery all the way, and in spite of frequent drench-
ings from the rain, and having to ford streams up to our knees, we
all enjoyed the walk immensely. We talked of books, and Mann was
most interesting and suggestive with the results of his discriminating
reading. Seabury spoke of how much he was enjoying a book of
Newman's which he had been reading,—the "Apologia." That led
our conversation to theology, and we shall not forget the profitable talk
we had on the subject and on related topics of Christian history and

(2)

experience. We were enough unlike in our points of view, habits of
thought and theological training to make it worth while to get each
other's views. Altogether it was a forenoon one likes to look back to,
and few days in our lives have had in them so little to regret, up to
the ime of the accident when Seabury fell into the stream. Both
men, if they could have spoken, would have said that it was a good
day to be their last on earth.

The spirits of the party rose with the increasing wetness, and
after a lunch under the hospitality of a Chinese roof, we reached the
college in a mood to appreciate the visit. It is in an ideal location
for secluded literary study, surrounded by hills and trees, with a fine
view of "the Five Old Peaks" in the background. We wandered from
court to court trying to puzzle out inscriptions, and hunting for some
of the famous tablets. Mann showed he had made good use of his
time in the study of Chinese. We found the Literary Assembly Hall,
adorned only with the characters of the eight virtues; Memorial Hall,
with its images of Confucius, Mencius, and their disciples; the shrine of
Chu Hsi; and back of it the cave of the poet, Li P'u, "the white deer
gentleman," with its stone image of the white deer placed here in the
fourteenth century by Ho Tsing. Dr. Hume took several photographs.

We left the college about half-past twelve. As we started
back I turned and said to Seabury, "Wont it be good to get back
to the swimming pool and have a plunge?" He answered that he did
not know whether he would go in bathing or not. He had previously
told Hume that he could swim forty or fifty yards, but his friend Hoyt,
who had been in with him, thought that he could not swim. I knew,
however, of a perfectly safe pool with a gravel bottom, in a small
canyon of the mountain stream which our path followed. When we
got to this place, about half-past one o'clock, I turned aside from the
path to look for the way to this pool. Seabury, Kemp, and I were
together, Hume and Mann being a quarter of a mile behind us.

The stream at this point has worn a canyon whose sides are

almost vertical walls of rock, though further down the stream they
are steep banks covered with dense undergrowth. In the brook bed,
below, are several pools varying in depth, some of which make excel-
lent swimming places. At the head of the canyon and twenty or more
feet above it is a smooth flat rock, crossed on its upper side by the
road to Kuling, and on the lower side by the bed of the brook, with
a gradual slope between. The rock conducts the stream to a plunge
of twenty feet into the pool at the head of the canyon. This is a deep
pot-hole, shaped like a tea-kettle, whose rock walls are polished smooth
by the whirling eddies. In dry weather, when the brook is small,
many of us have swum up into it from the shallower pools below.
But on Monday, with the stream and the cascade swollen by the rain,
it was almost impossible of approach because the current at its mouth
was so swift.

While I was hunting for a path in the bushes fifty yards
below the waterfall, Seabury must have started to undress on the flat
rock mentioned above, perhaps not intending to go in swimming
but only to bathe in the stream above the falls. The rock he was on
was slippery because it was wet by the rain. Those who know the
circumstances will realize that he was not conscious of taking any
risk in so doing, and these circumstances mark the accident which
followed as one of those fortuitous events which cannot be guarded
against and which leave nothing to regret except that they happened.
Hume came up the road just in time to see him slip and slide, his
momentum increasing with his efforts to regain his balance. In a
moment more he had slid the ten or fifteen feet to the stream which
carried him over the falls in a sitting posture. He came up, struck
out two or three strokes, and then went under not to be seen again.
Mann was not in time to see him and Hume had no chance to reach
the pool and he could not swim. Mann went down at once over the
face of the rocks into the pool just below the pot-hole into which
Seabury had fallen. It was a dangerous descent, and I do not know
how he could have accomplished it. He told me that he fell the last

(3)

Capit

(4)

eight or ten feet. The roar of the water prevented Kemp and me from hearing Hume's shouts for help. Having failed to find a path, I came back to the top of the bank and was told by Hume what had happened, ten minutes after the event. I rushed back where the path should have been and slid into the water at the pool we had intended to swim in, fifty yards below the waterfall, and then swam up to where Mann was working, just below the upper pool. He told me he had tried five or six times to get into this upper pool, only to be washed down by the current at its mouth. While I was getting my breath and taking off my shoes and heavy clothing, he made one or two more attempts. He realized something of the danger he was running, for he said to me that the pool he was trying to enter was dangerous. I asked him if he thought Seabury could be resuscitated if we got him out and he replied that there was still a chance. Then we went together for the last effort, swimming up with the back current to the rock at the mouth of the pot-hole. This time Mann, somehow, got a shove on the rock and I saw him shoot across the mouth of the pool into the back eddies on the upper side. He was carried up almost under the waterfall. I tried to follow but was washed down by the current as he had been in his earlier efforts. I swam back to try again and saw Mann carried around by the circling currents for a minute or longer. He finally went under not namy feet from the waterfall. I do not feel certain whether he was diving for Seabury or was sucked under by the whirlpool. He never came up. It was impossible for me to get into that pool with what strength I had left, and it was useless, or worse than useless to be carried helplessly around by the whirling waters unless one had some idea where help was needed. Hume and Kemp soon returned with a rope and Kemp with the rope about him dove in the pool below the pot-hole. None of us, even the search party the next day, got into the upper pool, which grew worse later in the afternoon as the rain continued to add to the volume of water. The search party could only drag it as long as the waterfall was so heavy. It was nearly two hours after

AN ACCOUNT

Five
make a visit to
the mountains
the ninth centu
names of some
standard commo
much for the coll
interest to our pa
Mann at St. John
Wuchang; Seabur
in Changsha.

We started
we found ourselves
mist, and at one tim
clouds rose above us
the Poyang lake. So w
road is in beautiful sce
ings from the rain, an
all enjoyed the walk im
most interesting and su
reading. Seabury spo
Newman's which he
couraged us to do
our conversation to
we had on the subje
c

Seabury went down that we gave up hope and Kemp started u
mountain for help. He left us at three thirty and arrived at K
at five thirty. Three men started back at seven o'clock wi
coolies, dry clothing, food, etc. Meanwhile Hume and I had n
to a temple nearby to get dry. The three men joined us
about midnight. A large party with ladders, ropes, grappling
etc, arrived about half-past five and the search began. Abou
hours later Seabury was found in the pool below the one in
he had fallen. Mann was found half an hour after. Bo
pulled easily up the face of the rock on ladders. They were
up the mountain on stretchers, arriving about half-past tw
A host of friends here had made preparations to receive
They were buried side by side the next morning, July thir
at eight o'clock, after a beautiful outdoor service conducted
Rev. James Jackson, president of Boone College of the A
Episcopal Mission in Wuchang, and by Seabury's college cl
and seminary roommate, the Rev. Gilbert Lovell, of the
terian Mission in Hsiang-tan.

BROWNELL GAG

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY.

29

well built. But what is more important for us, it is centrally located. Even at present it is but two days from the Yangtse by boat, which puts it in touch with this entire valley. The Peking-Hankow-Canton railroad will go through it and in a few years it will be accessible to North and South by rail, and East and West by river. With the exception of Hankow and Wu Chang, I doubt if there is a more central and accessible city in the Empire. We would, therefore, be located in a city where, if we prove able, we could carry out the far-reaching plans of our most sanguine friends in China.

### THE NEED OF MONEY.

Of course there are difficulties. Those relating to the field, I will not take your time to discuss. But the question has come, 'Will the Yale alumni respond to this invitation in the spirit in which it is given and will they be ready to give the Mission all needed funds, and what is more, come themselves in sufficient numbers to properly man the institution, so that its work shall never limp, but always be on the aggressive?' We had far better not accept the opportunity than accept and then fail. The missionaries expect only the reasonable. If Yale does not go far beyond their mild expectations I think she will be failing of her opportunity. But personally, I believe she will respond and that the Yale of China will only be an honor to her mother and a mighty blessing to this Empire.

Very sincerely,

J. L. THURSTON.

### Letter to the Hunan Conference.

The letter of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society to the Hunan conference accepting the invitation quoted in Mr. Thurston's letter is given below in full:

*To The Hunan Missionary Conference, Changsha, China:*

Gentlemen: We acknowledge with profound gratitude the invitation extended to our Society by your body through Mr. Thurston to unite in the work of missions in China with the Protestant organizations now in Hunan, and, in accepting the offer made to us in so generous a spirit of Christian comity, we realize with the honor conferred upon the Yale Foreign Missionary Society the grave responsibilities involved in the high calling thus set before us. The invitation has, moreover, to our minds a special significance as marking not only the ungrudging welcome of your own members to a new society, but an evident desire to introduce in the newly begun work in your province the element of cooperation with which we cordially sympathize and agree.

In view of the fact that the purpose of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society appears to have been somewhat misunderstood, through press reports in China, it is proper here to advise you of the policy which with God's blessing

we hope to pursue. While the Society cannot place in the field so large a number of men as has been rumored, it intends eventually to send out a sufficient body of well equipped instructors to man any educational institution it may establish. It must also be definitely understood that the Society, though including officers of the University and of its several faculties among its most active and devoted members, is not formed or operated by Yale University as such, but is a voluntary association of its graduates.

### THE SOCIETY'S DEFINITE AIM.

The aim of the Society is twofold:—
To establish in our University an organization capable of enlisting in behalf of a Christian and philanthropic enterprise the loyal interest of its members and alumni; and,

To direct this interest especially to the welfare of China.

From this it follows that the Society must be without denominational bias, as our students here belong to all communities; it is also our supreme desire to only add a new force to those already laboring for the promotion of Christianity in China, not to conflict with agencies now at work nor interfere with plans contemplated by others. It is a constructive not a destructive purpose that actuates us.

With these ideas in mind it has seemed reasonable from the outset of our undertaking to expect some success in devoting our endeavors chiefly to teaching. A college community naturally understands and sympathizes with the need of another college and can supply its intellectual requirements.

THE WORK OF THE UNIVERSITIES AS PROPOSED.

In establishing its institution of learning in China the intentions of this Society are: (1) To furnish a company of missionaries who are strongly and sincerely Christian as well as men technically fitted for educational work. (2) To assist China in her great need by raising up through such an institution a body of native students acquainted with the truths and accepting the spirit of Christianity; by training these men as effectively as possible in scientific and advanced studies to become leaders in their own country; and by reproducing in the Far East the wholesome moral and social influences of an American college community. (3) To cooperate with the missionaries of other societies in unifying and making effective the Christian schools of the province so that they may be of the highest service to the church and may become an object lesson to the government schools in the country.

To outline such a scheme for higher education, although our ultimate "university" purpose is clear, does not imply the expectation of immediately accomplishing great things. We realize perfectly that it requires years to equip an educational establishment of this sort

and to prepare its teachers, but for our own sakes—for the reflex influence of the work undertaken as a broadening and deepening factor in the University at home—and for the cause of Christ and civilization, we are determined to persevere.

It is our earnest hope that the missionary groups in Hunan, and others so far as possible, will concur in this conception of the work we are asked to take up. We need their counsels and prayers, and we entreat also their patience in our inexperience and during the inoperative years when language-study and the slow work of foundation-building must be our main task.

Believe us, gentlemen, yours in the bounds of Christian fellowship,

(Signed)

F. W. WILLIAMS,
H. P. WRIGHT,
F. K. SANDERS,
H. P. BEACH,
LEWIS S. WELCH,
E. B. REED,
ARTHUR C. WILLIAMS,
A. P. STOKES, JR.,

*Executive Committee.*

New Haven, Conn., Oct. 6, 1903.

### Mr. Stokes Returning Soon.

Mr. Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr., Secretary of Yale, who has been in the Adirondacks for a month, will return to his desk this coming week, entirely recovered from the severe cold which drove him to the mountains. In his absence Prof. Schwab has been taking care of the Secretary's routine duties.

### College Men in New York Campaign.

College men in New York have been organized in behalf of the Fusion ticket in the coming election of city officials. The Chairman of the college campaign is Austen G. Fox, Harvard '69; the Vice Chairman is Francis S. Bangs, Columbia, '78, and the Treasurer is George T. Adee, Yale '95. The Executive Committee includes George T. Adee and F. Gordon Brown, Jr., Yale '01.

The Committee of Yale University alumni is as follows: Henry E. Howland, '54; J. Frederick Kernochan, '63; Frederic H. Betts, '64; George A. Adee, '67; William C. Gulliver, '70; Thomas Thatcher, '71; Otto T. Bannard, '76; Julian W. Curtiss, '79; Wyllys Terry, '85; James R. Sheffield, '87; William B. Brinsmade, '88 S.; J. Sanford Barnes, Jr., '91; Edward Van Ingen, '91 S.; Winthrop E. Dwight, '93; Cornelius Vanderbilt, '95; George Townsend Adee, '95; John H. McCullough, '96 S.; Craig Colgate, '97 S.; F. H. Simmons, '98; W. E. S. Griswold, '99; J. McL. Walton, '99 S.; S. B. Camp, 1900; F. Gordon Brown, Jr., '01; C. D. Barnes, '02; C. R. Auchincloss, '03.

All college men have been specially urged to register promptly, and to do everything possible to promote the success of the Fusion ticket.

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY.

GROWTH OF THE CHANGSHA YALE.

The Committee having in charge the business of conducting this enterprise at home has felt most sensibly the increasing interest of Yale men in a proposition which may have seemed at first rather quixotic but which has already proved itself to be practicable. A great step in advancing an idea to its accomplishment is taken when you can confront your sceptical observer with a situation rather than a theory. The Mission has an organization nicely fitted for its purpose—a bank account in New Haven and in China, three professors learning the language in Changsha and three completing their courses in America with the intention of joining them there later. Here is a beginning. Bigger bank accounts and more instructors will be wanted, but when Yale men are convinced that they are necessary to the fulfilment of a desirable purpose they will surely come. There has been gratifying promise of this among the undergraduates in New Haven during the past winter. A canvass for subscriptions in the College and Scientific School for the support of this Mission and of Yale Hall, as a "Yale extension movement" for the common ends of philanthropy and education at home and abroad, secured nearly two thousand dollars. Another year will return more, for the canvassing will be more thoroughly done, but in this first systematic attempt to bring the scheme before the students personally there was general evidence of warm approval and a desire to cooperate. A pamphlet descriptive of the Mission's plan and showing the position of its proposed college on a map of China has been issued for general circulation, so that no one who cares to learn what has been already done may be left in ignorance. In future, reports from the members of the Mission in China will be published occasionally, and every son of Yale will find in time a source of pride in following the growth of this scion of the old institution planted in an alien soil.

MR. BEACH'S WORK.

The return of Mr. Beach last fall from a visit to India and China, where he was able to investigate many mission and government colleges of the type which it is proposed to reproduce or improve, brought to the committee plenty of fresh and useful information. He has, by reason of his personal inspection of the locality, been able to inform its members in many particulars which might otherwise have proved hard to understand, while his special and scholarly knowledge of China and the Chinese has, as ever, been of imitable value in deciding questions of policy and plans for educational work there. The evident impression made by the movement upon undergraduates has been shown during the year by the number of applications from students and young alumni for appointment upon the college staff. The presence of Dean Wright in the Committee has made it possible to estimate very in the college building amounts now to more than $50,000 (siliver) and earns interest in the bank there until a site is obtained and the plans completed. The Yale Alumni Association of China, which includes a number of Chinese of means who have studied here, has promised to attend to the needs and growth of the college as one of the first objects germain to the purpose of the organization. And finally a "century fund" has been begun by a number of graduates pledged to give $100 annually to the Mission for five consecutive years; to Mr. A. C. man who goes out to serve Yale in the East.

At the foreign end the Mission has clearly improved its position during the past year. Mr. Seabury, 1900, who completed his graduate studies and was ordained in June last year, joined Mr. and Mrs. Gage at Hankow in October and began at once the study of Chinese. They removed in March to Changsha, where, until permanent quarters are obtained, they rent a portion of the buildings occupied by the Norwegian Mission. Though the period necessarily devoted to studying Chinese prevents them from engaging in any other work for two years or more, the presence of these men in the city where they propose to establish the college is highly desirable and important. The readers of the WEEKLY have been informed of the very cordial reception extended to them in company with Mr. Reynolds, '84, by the provincial governor, Tuan Fang, soon after their arrival in the capital city. The incident, under the circumstances, was not merely a courtesy extended to strangers by a high official,—it was a public expression of welcome and approval to a project that might have been utterly blighted by the exercise of an opposite and opposing attitude on the part of that great magnate and the official class. In a community whose official sanction bestows prestige and position, the college about to be established by American men of letters for the development of native scholars in the new learning, is certain now to be respectfully received instead of being hampered or prevented by a thousand petty obstacles thrown in the way of its growth.

DR. HUME AT CHANGSHA.

The arrival of Dr. Edward H. Hume, '97, and his family from Bombay in the early Summer marks the latest acquisition to the Mission force in China and the commencement of that work in the teaching and practice of medicine which it is proposed to make one of the important features of the college. Dr. Hume's exceptional ability, his professional training and experience and his reasons for leaving India are matters already familiar to readers of this paper, but no review of the year's work would be complete without particular reference to this important accession to the Faculty being gathered for this incipient university in the Far East. After all, it is mind and manhood that make for real greatness and success, not money; with such men as Hume and his coadjutors it is safe to expect results that no money endowments could secure if intrusted to mediocre talent.

On the other hand, it must not be supposed that the obvious necessity of securing financial support has been neglected by the friends of this enterprise. The salaries are guaranteed by classmates of each of the missionaries, expenses of maintenance are covered by contributions from the alumni and undergraduates, and as these expenses increase the subscriptions must of course be more plentiful. Special gifts as memorials for particular objects may be anticipated from time to time, such as that given last Spring from the Class of 1848 for the Blodget Memorial House. The indemnity fund turned over by the British Consul General at Hankow for the college building amounts now to more than $50,000 (siliver) and earns interest in the bank there until a site is obtained and the plans completed. The Yale Alumni Association of China, which includes a number of Chinese of means who have studied here, has promised to attend to the needs and growth of the college as one of the first objects germain to the purpose of the organization. And finally a "century fund" has been begun by a number of graduates pledged to give $100 annually to the Mission for five consecutive years; to Mr. A. C. man who goes out to serve Yale in the East.

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY.

The Bingham Memorial at Oahu College.

"On this spot stood the home of the Rev. Hiram Bingham who gave this broad estate to the cause of Christian Education."

A huge volcanic boulder, bearing an oval bronze tablet with this inscription, was unveiled with appropriate ceremonies on the grounds of Oahu College, or Punahou School as it is often called in Honolulu, on the 19th of last April. The day was the eighty-fifth anniversary of the landing of the pioneer missionaries. The occasion was rendered peculiarly interesting by the participation in the program of the "oldest living male descendant of the missionaries," the "oldest living Punahou student," the "grandson of Mr. Bingham's co-worker, Rev. Asa Thurston," Yale 1816, a famous "Bully-Club man," other "descendants of the missionaries in the pioneer company," and the only surviving children of the honored benefactor. The tablet was unveiled by the Rev. Hiram Bingham, 2d, a member of the "famous Class of '53." who was given a D.D. at his fortieth reunion, in recognition of his reduction of the language of the Gilbert Islands to writing and of his translation of the entire Bible into that tongue.

His father, Rev. Hiram Bingham, M.A. Yale 1819 hon., was for twenty years the head of the Honolulu Mission and was held in great esteem by the chiefs, one of whom, Bokus, governor of Oahu, gave him a large tract of land about two miles from the harbor. This estate, worth to-day considerably more than a million dollars, Mr. Bingham gave for the founding of Oahu College. He died in poverty, but the school which his generosity established has continued until the present day for over sixty years to do credit to her first benefactor and his worthy successors. Its curriculum goes somewhat further than the best of our modern high schools. As a source of good material for Yale, no school-west of the Mississippi has a better or a larger record.

The policy of the present board of trustees, which includes W. M. Alexander, '55 and LL.D. '03; Albert Judd, '97, and C. H. Cooke, ex-'97 S., is sound and progressive. It is pleasant to record this act of grateful remembrance on their part, as in their efforts to secure larger endowment and increased opportunities for useful service in the future they have turned back to secure inspiration by honoring the founder.

In the reorganization of work of the faculty of the Theological School, owing to the abolition of the office of dean, Prof. E. L. Curtis will act as chairman of the Faculty, Prof. G. B. Stevens as corresponding secretary, Prof. Williston Walker as recording secretary, and Prof. F. C. Porter as librarian. The change will save the school about $4,000 a year.

Dean Rogers of the Law School will deliver an address in Faneuil Hall, Boston, Tuesday evening, October 10, on "The Powers of the President." The address is given under the invitation of the Anti-Imperialist League and under its auspices.

The Shape

of a **new** hat bespeaks the skill
of the maker—the shape of an **old**
one tells the story of its qua'ity.
The **KNOX**—the same yesterday,
to-day and when done with.

WELL NIGH A THOUSAND

men take up the ways of Yale for the first time
this Fall. They will learn, as their brothers did
before them, that there is no University function
for which they cannot amply furnish themselves at

CHASE & CO.'S
Opposite Vanderbilt Hall

a hundred such pledges, which it does not seem unreasonable
to expect from ten thousand graduates and their families,
will cover the running expenses of a college of seven or eight
professors and as many Chinese tutors.

It is too early yet to discuss the problems of land purchase in Changsha or to consider particularly those of educational policy and curriculum. To discover a suitable lot in a Chinese city and then to achieve its purchase on fair terms is an arduous and complicated process, and one which, like other diplomatic processes, may not be described until concluded. But negotiations are proceeding which promise well for obtaining a great Campus near the city walls on ground which will be healthful and conspicuous enough to remind the inhabitants of Chinamen of the message sent them by a Christian university and a Christian nation. For a few years at the outset this message must be delivered in the simplest possible terms, so that it may not be beyond comprehension in a community all but untouched as yet by any apostles of the new learning. But in a few years the college must be prepared to meet and teach some of the acutest minds of China. The proposition here is quite different from that which confronted a Filipinas or Augustine. So far from being barbarians, the natives of Hunan have enjoyed an unbroken tradition of twenty centuries of scholastic and philosophical training and are to-day perhaps as critical and "literary" as any body of equal numbers in the world. They stand confessedly in need of the logical and scientific methods of our schools, but these must be conveyed by minds as acute as theirs and by hearts strong and tender enough to make evident the inevitable association of Christianity with whatever is best in Western culture. It is a task to which only the noblest intellects may be properly attuned, and one in which the noblest will seek with the passion of a great desire. Some of these will one day be ranked among the great names of history.

At the University of California they have established closed football practice with the exception of two afternoons a week. Walter Christie, the coach, says that the opponents see too much of California's style of football at the open practice and profit too much from the knowledge. It is also thought out there that the "rooters" can do much better work if they are let loose only two days a week. The cheer leaders claim that yelling every afternoon in the week ruins throats and enthusiasms.

Dr. Alvin Kraenzlein of Milwaukee, the former University of Pennsylvania athlete who established so many new records on the track, some of which still stand, has been engaged as coach of the University of Wisconsin track team. Since his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1900 he has been practising dentistry.

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY.

6

GROWTH OF THE CHANGSHA YALE.

The Committee having in charge the business of conducting this enterprise at home has felt most sensibly the increasing interest of Yale men in a proposition which may have seemed at first rather quixotic but which has already proved itself to be practicable. A great step in advancing an idea to its observer with a situation rather than a theory. The Mission has an organization nicely fitted for its purpose—a bank account in New Haven and in China, three professors learning the language in Changsha and three completing their courses in America with the intention of joining them there later. Here is a beginning. Bigger bank accounts and more instructors will be wanted, but when Yale men are convinced that they are necessary to the fulfilment of a desirable purpose they will surely come. There has been gratifying promise of this among the undergraduates in New Haven during the past winter. A canvass for subscriptions in the College and Scientific School for the support of this Mission and of Yale Hall, as a "Yale extension movement" for the common ends of philanthropy and education at home and abroad, secured nearly two thousand dollars. Another year will return more, for the canvassing will be more thoroughly done, but in this first systematic attempt to bring the scheme before the students personally there was general evidence of warm approval and a desire to coöperate. A pamphlet descriptive of the Mission's plan and showing the position of its proposed college on a map of China has been issued for general circulation, so that no one who cares to learn what has been already done may be left in ignorance. In future, reports from the members of the Mission in China will be published occasionally, and every son of Yale will find in time a source of pride in following the growth of this seion of the old institution planted in an alien soil.

MR. BEACH'S WORK.

The return of Mr. Beach last fall from a visit to India and China, where he was able to investigate many mission and government colleges of the type which it is proposed to reproduce or improve, brought to the committee plenty of fresh and useful information. He has, by reason of his personal inspection of the locality, been able to inform its members in many particulars which might otherwise have proved hard to understand, while his special and scholarly knowledge of China and the Chinese has, as ever, been of inestimable value in deciding questions of policy and plans for educational work there. The evident impression made by the movement upon undergraduates has been shown during the year by the number of applications from students and young alumni for appointment upon the college staff. The presence of Dean Wright in the Committee has made it possible to estimate very thoroughly the qualifications of all candidates, while it offers in some sense a real guarantee of every appointee who is sent out. There are not many graduates of Yale who would not be satisfied to take the Dean's word for a man whom he has carefully estimated, and the same care is to be applied to determining the character as well as the ability of every man who goes out to serve Yale in the East. To Mr. A. C.

At the foreign end the Mission has clearly improved its position during the past year. Mr. Seabury, 1900, who completed his graduate studies and was ordained in June last year, joined Mr. and Mrs. Gage at Hankow in October and began at once the study of Chinese. They removed in March to Changsha, where, until permanent quarters are obtained, they rent a portion of the buildings occupied by the Norwegian Mission. Though the period necessarily devoted to studying Chinese prevents them from engaging in any other work for two years or more, the presence of these men in the city where they propose to establish the college is highly desirable and important. The readers of the *WEEKLY* have been informed of the very cordial reception extended to them in company with Mr. Reynolds, '84, by the provincial governor, Tuan Fang, soon after their arrival in the capital city. The incident, under the circumstances, was not merely a courtesy extended to strangers by a high official,—it was a public expression of welcome and approval to a project that might have been utterly blighted by the exercise of an opposite and opposing attitude on the part of that great magnate and the official class. In a community whose official sanction bestows prestige and position, the college about to be established by American men of letters for the development of native scholars in the new learning, is certain now to be respectfully received instead of being hampered or prevented by a thousand petty obstacles thrown in the way of its growth.

DR. HUME AT CHANGSHA.

On the other hand, it must not be supposed that the obvious necessity of securing financial support has been neglected by the friends of this enterprise. The salaries are guaranteed by classmates of each of the missionaries, expenses of maintenance are covered by contributions from the alumni and undergraduates, and as these expenses increase the subscriptions must of course be more plentiful. Special gifts as memorials for particular objects may be anticipated from time to time, such as that given last Spring from the Class of 1848 for the Blodget Memorial House. The indemnity fund turned over by the British Consul General at Hankow for the college building amounts now to more than $50,000 (silber) and earns interest in the college there until a site is obtained and the plans completed. The Yale Alumni Association of China, which includes a number of Chinese of means who have studied here, has promised to attend to the needs and growth of the college as one of the first objects germain to the purpose of the organization. And finally a "century fund" has been begun by a number of graduates pledged to give $100 annually to the Mission for five consecutive years;

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY.

5

Photo by Curtiss

## Football at Harvard.

a strong, well-balanced backfield is in sight, but the outlook by no means is bright for a line that can develop strength enough to hold its own against Pennsylvania, and later Yale. Unless there is some new material, Harvard will again have to build a line of heavy, short, thick-set players from whom it is hard to bring out speed.

The fact that Reid is head coach again after three years have passed since he gave Harvard its last winning team, is really the sole license for the pervading atmosphere of optimism at Cambridge. While the material is apparently as good as last year and two years ago, it is very different from that from which Reid moulded his great team in 1901.

There will be two new ends on the eleven, as Montgomery, who played end last year, has been shifted to tackle. Brill and Squires, the tackles last fall, both are available, but neither is fast. Squires should be a great deal better than he was last fall. Pierce, the only promising guard, has had no university experience, although he played on the second eleven last year. White, who played guard last Fall, has been shifted to center. O'Brien, a Freshman who played guard at school, is the best end now in sight. Blair, at the other end, is likely to give way to Hall, of last year's Second. This is the appearance of Harvard's line at present.

There are half a dozen good backs, Foster being the choice as Hurley's running mate. Fullback is a different problem, for the best kickers are men who have not carried the ball. Hanley's weakness on defense is hurting his chances, although he has played two years. Guild, a Freshman fullback in 1902, has returned to college. He has had two years' work on the Second and should have been in the big games last year, but mainly on account of his kicking. Leonard, a quarterback, is one of the best kickers on the squad, but he is not likely to or back. Burr, a heavy Freshman from Andover, has been doing some remarkable kicking, but when taken to the University squad he will be used as guard. Lincoln and Nesmith are fair halfbacks.

With Reid this year will be associated Coach W. H. Lewis for the center men, B. G. Waters for the tackles, E. Bowditch for the kickers. Beyond a doubt this is the strongest combination Harvard could get together, and any system inaugurated will be a question of making players this year, not merely of developing them.

8

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY.

YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

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Entered as second class matter at New Haven P. O.

NEW HAVEN, CONN., SEPTEMBER, 1905

THE NEW VOLUME.

The present issue of the WEEKLY is the first of the new volume—No. XV. The regular weekly issues begin October 11 and continue without break until the last of June.

CLARITY IN YALE FINANCE.

Not many decades of Yale have gone by since a single sheet compassed the annual statement of the College treasurer. It did not show much, for there was not much to show, but what little was shown was set forth obscurely. The same nebulous quality persisted after the report had expanded into a pamphlet; and it was not, if we remember rightly, until the closing year of the administration of Treasurer Farnam that the annual report reached the dignity of a general—albeit much condensed—balance sheet. Treasurer Tyler further clarified the report. But with its cross entries and cumulative balances it still left much to be wished for. A new departure, which he made several years ago, of increasing the textual matter and outlining in words his fiscal policy, was not repeated. The fog theory as applied in practice to the report of the Yale treasurer never was defensible. It is less defensible than ever now when the fiscal problems of the University have grown big, when the raising, the investment and expenditure of funds are subjects of so large interest among the alumni, and when the financial relation between Yale and her graduates is so intimate as it is. That the men who furnish the Yale funds have not merely the right to know how they are used, but also the right to inform themselves

quickly and fully by a clear-cut statement, is a proposition so obvious that it need not be amplified.

There can be more positive and specific suggestions made as regards the form of the treasurer's report. Thus what is there to prevent the groupings of the departments in a single table so as to show at a glance which department runs behind and which ahead and how much? Cannot the confusing system of cross entries and credit and debit balances—many of them accumulated from past years—be eliminated or, at least, made to stand in a separative shape? Cannot the securities be more clearly described and more systematically classified? Cannot fairer allowance be made for the appreciation of securities, especially stocks, and the statements be more expository of market-values? Last in order here, but first in importance, cannot the treasurer in a textual statement, which can hardly run to undue length, explain fiscal plans, policies and conditions, general as well as specific? Many will read the printed words where few will examine the figures, but both classes should have their opportunity.

The past fiscal year chances to have been one of happy transition upwards. The great Rockefeller gift and others will undoubtedly show the year to have been perhaps the best in Yale history—remembering that the bicentennial funds came in for buildings and not for unrestricted revenue. Probably the year to come, with the funds secured by Mr. Stokes, will, financially, nearly or quite match the year past. What we may call the incidence of these great sums makes a change to clarity in the report of the University treasurer very timely, though the argument does not lapse when fat years grow lean. It is to be hoped, and we believe, that Treasurer McClung will see the opportunity.

The success of the first season of the Yale Summer School of Arts and Sciences is a most satisfying event of the year just closed. The thing that gratifies is not merely the good registration of almost three hundred, nor the high class of the scholarship—which, perhaps, was to be looked for when so many of the scholars were mature and earnest teachers—nor even that so many states of the Union were represented. All these factors count and count for much. But the real thing to be counted first is the fact that out of a Faculty of about ninety men two-thirds were Yale professors or assistant professors, who, most of them, at much personal sacrifice gave up to the School a considerable part of a well-earned vacation; and secondly, that the School has so clearly demonstrated its usefulness as a medium and a vital one between the higher education and those public schools which spell moral and mental weal to State and Nation. Whether we test it then by self-denying sentiment or the civic utilities, the School has filled a gap. And furthermore, in the phrase of the football field, it has had a kind of “rounding up” quality in fulfilling those obligations of Yale to the public as already suggested by such phases of our University activity as the public lecture courses and high class concerts at less than popular prices. It is on these new and strengthening ties between the academic life—too often charged with exclusiveness—and the working world outside the Campus, that the intelligent and liberal University graduate in these days loves to dwell.

From time to time we have had occasion to refer to some of the problems of scholarship that arise in the ramified

THE SUMMER SCHOOL.

Chartered 1822.

The Farmers' Loan and Trust Company,
Nos. 16, 18, 20 & 22 William St., New York.

Capital, $1,000,000.

Undivided Profits, 7,000,000.

# A Chinese Uprising

## Extract from Letters Telling How the Yale Community in Changsha was Affected by Recent Internal Troubles in China

LATE letters from the Yale-in-China community at Changsha tell of exciting days. The southern faction, led by Dr. Sun Yat Sun, are making a good deal of trouble for the Peking government, which is controlled by the late President Yuan's friends and associates. Southern troops have been pressing north through the central provinces and are now in Hunan, the capital of which is Changsha. The southerners have drawn out the northerners, for the time being certainly, with a good deal of incidental killing.

The Yale-in-China doctors and nurses have made themselves useful, and as usual the Chinese turn to the foreigners whom they trust for counsel. It is a sorry mix-up, but as no cablegrams have come with more alarming tidings, it is inferred that the women and children of the Yale Mission have not been forced to leave.

The Chinese have a way of adjusting seemingly hopeless situations over the teacups. Perhaps thus they will bridge the present crisis. The southern protest movement enlists the sympathy of the "young China" faction.

Following are given extracts from two letters regarding this upheaval in which Yale men at Ya-li are so interested:

### Changsha, November 24

Last Saturday (November 17) the northern forces, which have been defeated in the south of the province, began to move on from here northward and there was a good deal of unrest in the city. Most of the Yale Mission ladies from the hospital compound and the Shou Hsin compound came out to the new Campus for the night. I went in and slept at the old Hospital (in the city) with Crawford (surgeon) so as to have one foreigner who could speak a little Chinese. The night passed quietly, but early in the morning we began to hear occasional and scattered rifle shots.

It seems that about 25,000 northern soldiers cleared out for the north by boat, train, and foot, leaving here in almost a panic. The Governor had fled two or three days before. He was under Tuan Chi-jui (premier at Peking), who got out of office. But the troops hardly needed to have fled in such a panic, for there were few to oppose them here, only a handful of southern troops.

All day Sunday there was more or less firing by the few southern troops who chased the northerners out. Southern troops began coming in and some more northern ones arrived from the south. Monday it was feared there would be a battle, and Dr. Hume, Mr. Warren, and others got up a peace-making expedition; but it was not necessary, as the northerners surrendered. Southerners were arriving all the time and were eager to kill the northerner prisoners, and a number of the foreigners worked hard the next two or three days to protect them. They finally got the government to assume the responsibility and the northerners are now interned in the various temples and barracks.

There were a number wounded in the chase Sunday and in the promiscuous firing which the southerner soldiers did the next few days. The Red Cross hospital was full up, and added a residence across the street. There had been two or three hundred wounded but only about half seriously. There are a number of Chinese doctors to do routine dressings, while Drs. Branch and Crawford of the Yale community have done the more serious cases. There have been five foreign nurses there at times, Miss Warfield, Miss Carter, Mrs. Crawford of our people, and two Norwegians. One of us foreign laymen has been there each day to help out in having the place kept clean, etc., and to give the foreign nurses a little feeling of protection.

Meanwhile the southern soldiers have put the police out of business for some grudge, and things were rather disorganized for a while. A day or two ago there came a report that Tuan Chi-jui had been reinstated as premier and would send a punitive expedition up here. If that is done, it will make a good deal of trouble here and our Campus is right in line for an army attacking the city from the north. Even if that is not done, some fear trouble from the southern soldiers, who do not seem very well disciplined.

For these two reasons the foreign consuls have been rather anxious for women and children (except nurses and others who can be useful), to leave while it is possible to get away. Steamers now can get only fifty miles below here (to Hankow). It is possible now to connect with the steamers by launches of the Standard Oil Company, or the Asiatic Petroleum Company, but if the water falls more, these may not be able to go and in that case it would be very hard for the ladies to get away if it should be dangerous here.

Interest on notes ...
H. G. Newton, '59, Be
Deposited to C. M. B.
Balance in bank—June

CHI

During the year the grant of its annual grant of $6,700 a year from this source are Medical Department eration by the China pledged to July 1, 1921, four physicians, one Hospital business man for the year, the functions of Foreign Missionary S.

Surplus (Liberty Box)
Reserve for Sabbaticals
Balance in bank ...

A detailed report of
the Board.

1918

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

435

Another account contained in a letter has these details:

Early Sunday morning we were awakened by the sound of firing all around us. I went to the porch and discovered a big fire in the barracks (in rear of Ya-li Campus). Northerner soldiers were going along the road as fast as they could go. They were as much affected by the advance of the southerners as the civilians were by their own retreat to this city. By eight o'clock the city was clear of the foreigners; they were fleeing along the railway or in the little boats they had filled during the afternoon before. The river police on the banks were shooting at all they could reach on the river. The other police were getting after those on the railway. In the camp were some Anhui troops, some pig-tailed, followers of Chang Hsun in other days, and others of that ilk. They agreed to depart in peace if they were provided with transportation down the river or railway. To this the city fathers agreed. But later they were unable to carry out their agreement because no more trains appeared from the north for fear they would fall into the hands of the southerners.

There was a good deal of danger from stray shots. I had a walk Sunday and saw some of the citizens looting the soldiers' camp and they did this whenever they got a chance. I did not blame them very much after all they had suffered from these northern soldiers. During chapel there was a good deal of shooting and it was not easy to go on with the service with the cracking of rifles rather close. But we lived through that day. In the morning I had asked Mrs. Branch to come over to our place where it was more sheltered and she came, the Doctor not having returned from Shangteh, where he had gone to perform an operation. He was here for tiffin, however, and reported that his launch, coming up the river flying the Japanese flag, had been fired upon by the retreating northerners, who wanted to use it for towing down some of their boats. The captain had asked him what to do and he said to go on. He had to show himself to the soldiers and face their rifles before they would let the launch come up. I am sure the man in command of the launch was glad to have a foreigner on board and thus be saved the necessity of going to Hankow or Yochow with the northerners.

Dr. Branch was called away from lunch to go over to the Red Cross hospital, where there was a lot of operative work necessary on the wounded soldiers. Dr. Crawford busied himself going down to the railway bridge to get some of the dead bodies for the medical school and some of the wounded and injured for the hospital. Thus in the course of the day the Red Cross hospital had some 200 or more inside and others coming. Monday, they had to rent additional places. Now there are some 500 sick and wounded soldiers there.

Monday morning there came word that there was fighting be-

tween the northerners retreating from Siangtan and the southerners at Monkey Rocks about five miles from the city, and some of the gentry in the Governor's office wanted Dr. Hume to intercede and to stop the fighting. He and Mr. Warren of the Wesleyan Mission were to go and Dr. Hume wanted some of the rest of us to join in the expedition. I went as soon as I got the word, with the bachelors, Clement, Gould, and Olsen [1917 one-year men], to join Dr. Hume. We found Dr. Hume and Mr. Warren at the yamen. Two men came rushing in to say that the fighting had stopped and that one side or the other had laid down their arms and surrendered. While we did not have the pleasure of going out on the battle field with the flag of truce to hold a parley, we did get to see the first of the victorious army come into the city. Imagine a mule without saddle or bridle, and a straw rope round its neck. On top of the beast picture a tall gaunt figure with a black turban round his head and on that turban a straw or bamboo hat waterproofed and coming to a conical peak. Beside are two straw-sandaled soldiers on each side and behind a man with a long herald's trumpet such as you see pictures of in medieval books and as this cavalcade passes by the shops on the streets the firecrackers going off to welcome him! They were Hunanese. We saw the coolies bringing in the surrendered southerners' rifles,—six or eight to a man. Something like 30,000 rifles were dropped or surrendered by these men.

That night we heard some more firing; the soldiers of the first division attacked the police and drove them off the streets. Some of them are hiding in a house and others elsewhere. The next morning there was not a policeman to be seen on the streets. The students of the military officers' school were all chased out. The case against the police was that they helped round up the coolies that the northerners impressed when they went through here and when the coolies got to where the fighting was, they went over to the first division and told their tale of woe and were promised revenge by the valiant heroes.

On Tuesday there was a good deal of shooting on the streets and everywhere around us. On Wednesday the Kwangsi troops were in the city and a good many of them were drinking. With their rifles in their hands and a little wine inside, they were a menace to the place, in the state of anarchy that prevailed. Yesterday there were notices prohibiting the carrying of guns by the soldiers and for any killing done by them the penalty was beheading. The northern soldiers who were being fed by Dr. Keller were on two or three occasions in some danger of being murdered by the soldiers but were rescued by foreigners who stayed on guard. At one point in the proceedings I saw Mr. and Mrs. Lingle, Dr. and Mrs. Keller, and Miss Morton holding off a crowd of Kwangsi soldiers, who were there with rifles and wanted to do them up.

The *poilu* expects nothing and is profoundly grateful for everything. No religious meetings are permitted and the Y. M. C. A. man must attest his faith by the reality of his Christianity exemplified in joyful performance of daily chores. It is really fortunate that he cannot caricature religion in bad French.

truth, honor, and love and express the gratitude of humanity to the soldiers of France. The university men in the Y. M. C. A. bring the best of American traditions and accomplishments and offer their aid in realizing the dream of a new France rising in strength and beauty from the carnage of warfare.

# At the Halifax Explosion

From a letter home

By CORPORAL PAUL BOSANKO, '14

Of the British Expeditionary Force.

Halifax, N. S., December 15, 1917

ALL real stories should start at the beginning. So I ask you to picture the gallant B. E. F., united and happy, going through P. T. (physical training) on the morning of Thursday, the 6th of December.

Personally, I was playing tag with a particularly active instructor, when suddenly I heard a distant *Boom!*

I had hardly time to notice it when I found myself flying through the air. I landed anyhow against the wall and, looking up, saw the great casements of the armory windows falling in on me in a shower of broken glass. I broke the world's record for the standing jump, got in a doorway, and waited for the building to fall in. Everywhere there was a strange silence, broken by the sound of things falling. In a moment this ended and I made for the exit where I bumped into Major Walkley, blood running from a cut in his head. He grabbed me and told me to take six men and clear out No. 1 Bunk House and make it ready for the wounded. We had all our beds laid out and were standing by when one of the Sergeants came running through the hut, shouting that another explosion was expected and that everyone was to leave the building. I grabbed a great-coat and made for the Common, which was already dotted over with running people.

To the north a great cloud of white smoke went rolling up into the clear winter sky. Our unit fell in by platoons and stood fast till the marching order came and we then set off to the scene of action.

At the start the houses were little damaged, although all the

windows were gone, but as we went on things became worse. Here the whole front of the house had fallen across the street, there a building had simply collapsed like a house of cards, and on each side of us flowed a steady stream of people making for the open of Citadel Hill, most of them more or less cut by flying glass.

There were carts loaded with old people and hurt children, women with babies in their arms, and men carrying bundles of valuables exactly like the refugees that you read about in Belgium in the early days of the war.

We reached the railway station and found it the last outpost. The roof had fallen and a wrecked train lay half in and half out of the ruined shed. Beyond, a wall of fire stretched across our path.

We went down in the tracks and kept on. Immediately in front of the blaze a group of sailors were moving ammunition from some small sheds and another party was playing a hose on a burning freight train. The sparks and smoke were so thick by this time that we had to put our great-coats over our heads in order to get through the narrow path of the railway. The burning ended after a few hundred yards and the real effect of the explosion could be seen. Nothing stood on Richmond Hill. Where blocks of buildings had been were now merely heaps of jumbled and broken timbers, some burning, but most dripping and black with the harbor water thrown up by the explosion. Great pieces of concrete, bits of steel plate and timbers from the docks were scattered here and there in the ruins.

It was the most complete picture of destruction that one could

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

January 11

the horrible part of life only when it is inevitable. the hardening of one's nature to suffering, but I insisted that it is but a deepening of one's nature in the power and will to endure. I have had some on that point. I believe in an increased fineness of the man who has come from the trenches; not in all any cases if one is considering an aesthetic fineness. stronger moral fineness, paradoxical as it may sound. A real tale is told, I doubt if there will be found any in the Thermopylae and Balaklavas, than in the sands who are daily sent "over the top." And the celebrated women of the past never can seem so fine than that displayed by these magnificent French soldiers, during the bitter Verdun struggle, 15,000 wounded were flooded this town, the doors of the private homes and the men all had care.

## IN FRANCE

A sudden transition from America to France is being seen in the recent Yale graduates, is shown in this extract from one of them, recently a Yale Senior, now an American soldier billeted for the moment behind some French posts.

A few days ago I started out later than usual for a walk out
road. The afternoon was one of the few pleasant
we have had of late, and the road bed was dry enough
to walk on, more than four miles an hour. The
autumn fall colorings of France were in full glory, and
the air sank away down into one's lungs. I took a
walk from all travel, almost away from all farms,
and is not possible in France. The narrow leaf-strewn
ded and scuffed under my feet as one of the old
lands of the New England hills in the fall of the year.
I had a letter which I had received from my sister,
stating Browning's "Prospice." I never had learned
that I walked along I learned it aloud. Such are the
to us. The next day I returned at an earlier hour
my acquaintance with that section of the country,
and wet roads made it impossible to cover very much
 ground. Once I left the road, to cut through some wooded
 was some time before I could strike another road.
I went on (and this is Sunday, by the way) I have an en-
go for a walk with some French people. A week
if I can get free, I am going away for the entire
young French banker from Paris whom I met in the
other afternoon. He plans to use the trains
and is to show me a lot of the country. In

President Hadley referred to Captain Overton's loyalty and patriotism and hoped for his speedy recovery. While a successor to Captain Overton will be named by the War Department, no announcement regarding the matter has as yet been made. The work of the R. O. T. C. will therefore be temporarily under the direction of Major Edward B. Reed, '94, who has been most closely identified with Field Artillery training at the University since its inception.

From an army hospital, the Letterman General Hospital, in San Francisco, where he has been confined because of his condition due to lameness, Captain Overton on December 31 wrote regarding his resignation. He had felt that the work of the R. O. T. C. was suffering because of his condition and had therefore requested the appointment of a successor. In closing he urged the students to continue their training at Yale, saying:

> I must urge the R. O. T. C. not to rush off to enlist, but to continue your work at Yale. Trained Field Artillery officers is the most important need of the moment. Other places can furnish aviators, but Yale alone of the colleges has the experts and plant to furnish Field Artillerymen. Let it be felt that when a tight place is to be held, the General in command will feel at ease because the guns are commanded by a Yale man. Only by study and hard work can this be possible.

## Yale Quota at Training Camps

A Yale quota of twenty-five men reported at the opening of the third series of Officers' Training Camps on January 5. Eight of Yale's quota are graduates, the remaining seventeen being undergraduates who were enrolled in the Yale R. O. T. C. One man, E. P. Holden, 1918, was transferred to Yaphank, Long Island, and another, J. Kirkpatrick, Jr., 1919, was sent to Camp Lee, Virginia, but the rest were all assigned to Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass. Seventy-three colleges and universities and twenty military schools are represented at this series of training camps by a total of 2,490 men. The various camps are located in each division of the Regular Army, National Guard, and National Army, having also been established in the Philippines, Panama, and Hawaii, and at Fort Bliss, Texas; Fort Sam Houston, Texas, and Chickamauga, Georgia. Representatives were permitted only from those universities and colleges which have been recognized during the past ten years as having had adequate military training courses.

[Confidential—not for Publication]

# Yali's Service During Recent Political Disturbances.

From a letter from Dr. Hume dated April 5, 1918.

You will have seen from the papers that there has been a serious Civil War during the past five months. Of the activities in Changsha last November you have already heard and the accounts in the Alumni Weekly indicate that you felt considerable apprehension about our well-being. From the middle of November till the middle of March the Southern party was dominant in Hunan, their Commanding General for the Armies of Kwangtung, Kwangsi and Hunan, having his quarters at Changsha. The struggle was carried northwards, the Northern army retreated from Yochow, and the South might have dictated terms if it had pressed vigorously forward. Serious inactions, however, gave the North a chance to unify its forces. The tide was turned and now Changsha is again under complete military subjugation to the Northern military party. The streets are bristling with soldiers, the countryside is filled with fear of lawlessness and the whole atmosphere is uncertain with doubt as to whether further struggles are impending or whether quiteness is again to have sway. The enclosed letter to Mr. Johnson (American Consul at Changsha) will tell you of an incident which seems to us one of the real evidences of Yali's activity on behalf of the community. This powder magazine (15 tons) has been a serious menace to our peace for many years, being separated from the medical property by less than fifty yards and from the Academic property by about the same distance. During times of civil preponderance in the Government a small corporal guard was sufficient to watch it and prevent frontal attack and danger. Fire starting in the barracks to the North would always have been a terrible danger. During the period of real anarchy which existed on Tuesday, March 26th, when there was absolutely no Government here, I conferred with leaders of the gentry and commercial interests and after securing their approval, telephoned to Mr. Johnson to the effect that I could no longer carry the responsibility of this expensive property with a powder magazine so near and so likely to be set on fire. I told Mr. Johnson that I would try to secure a large junk or barge and place all the explosives upon it and moor it, if possible, at a safe distance, say five miles south of the city, I also said that if I could not make this arrangement on the river, I should have to sink the powder in the mote adjoining the magazine. It was a great satisfaction to have him say "go ahead."

The sequel has been satisfactory for we are now able to provide for the army a commodious, though simple emergency hospital which is proving of the utmost use at this time of military activity. Within three days after the occupation of this building, which we now call our Hospital Annex, we had the satisfaction of seeing in it about 46 sick and wounded soldiers. This is entirely outside of the number in the main hospital, where both medical and surgical wards on the men's side are full to overflowing and outside of several hundred cared for in the Red Cross Hospital inside the city.

We are hoping that this Hospital Annex may be permanently placed at our disposal for military medical needs or as a Isolation Hospital. No one has failed to express the relief and gratitude at the conversion of a danger into a public service. Dr. Davidson has kindly consented to supervise the building and has the assistance of an emergency force of orderlies. Serious cases are sent into the main hospital. Dr. Branch has the responsibility for the greater proportion of the professional work as most of the cases are surgical.

Extracts of letter from Dr. Hume to Mr. Johnson, Consul at Changsha, dated March 28:

I have to report that at 12:30 P. M., on Tuesday, March 26, 1918, I went to the powder magazine adjacent to the Hospital property and found the guardhouse entirely deserted. After passing through the guardhouse, I found the main gate locked and while investigating the property, one of the guards dressed in plain clothes appeared. Although he told me at first that the keys were inside the city, I searched him and found them concealed in his clothes. He turned the keys over to me and I entered the magazine.

As no junk could be secured to which the gunpowder could be taken and stored I removed with the assistance of the hospital staff the entire quantity of the gunpowder and threw in into the water of the moat surrounding the magazine.

There has been thus removed from this neighborhood a menace which has caused great apprehension to the entire community for a number of years. *** During the twelve hours preceding the removal of the gunpowder, three extensive fires had occured Northeast of the city and sparks from these fires would have fallen upon the magazine enclosure in large numbers if the wind had been from the Southeast. *** The further fact that the place was entirely unguarded and might easily have been forced open by ruffians provided abundant ground for the emergency measures. *** The question of the ultimate disposal of this magazine, must, I believe, be postponed until we have in Changsha a stable and recognizable Government. *** When Government has become stable I shall look forward to your co-operation in securing official permission to use the building permanently either for the care of sick soldiers or as an annex for cases of infectious disease, such as smallpox, scarlet fever, etc., for which there is at present absolutely no provision in this vicinity. *** I am confident that if this matter is laid wisely before the officials, we shall secure not only their approval but their thanks for converting the menace of the powder magazine into an institution meeting a very real public need.

# YALE IN CHINA

## FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 13, 1918

The work is supported from three sources: (1) by graduates, undergraduates, and friends of Yale; (2) by grants of the China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation totalling approximately $20,000 for the year; and (3) by grant of the Hunan Provincial Government and other gifts of the Chinese totalling approximately $50,000 Mexican. The report follows of the first of these,—The Yale gifts, called the "General Fund"

### RECEIPTS

<table><tbody><tr><td>Balance on hand, June 16, 1917</td><td style="text-align: right;">$ 456.89</td></tr><tr><td>General subscriptions</td><td style="text-align: right;">31,061.58</td></tr><tr><td>Special subscriptions (Class of 1913)</td><td style="text-align: right;">221.01</td></tr><tr><td>Subscriptions to "Administration" (to Feb. 20, 1918)*</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,878.72</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">* After this date "Administration" accounting merged in the General Fund.</td></tr><tr><td>Gifts for buildings and campus improvements</td><td style="text-align: right;">16,020.00</td></tr><tr><td>Latourette (sale of insurance policy)</td><td style="text-align: right;">506.80</td></tr><tr><td>Refund by Dr. Sassen, travel</td><td style="text-align: right;">150.00</td></tr><tr><td>Refund by Mr. Morse, travel</td><td style="text-align: right;">56.25</td></tr><tr><td>Refund by China Medical Board, advances</td><td style="text-align: right;">275.00</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Hail Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">180.37</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Leavens Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">4.00</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Hoppin Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">107.60</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Joy Bed Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">50.00</td></tr><tr><td>Rebate of interest on notes</td><td style="text-align: right;">33.58</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">$52,001.80</td></tr></tfoot></table>

### EXPENDITURES

<table><tbody><tr><td>Salaries and allowances to Changsha Staff</td><td style="text-align: right;">$15,522.76</td></tr><tr><td>School and Hospital</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,626.59</td></tr><tr><td>Exchange allowance</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,990.14</td></tr><tr><td>Administration expenses, salaries, printing, etc.</td><td style="text-align: right;">5,208.40</td></tr><tr><td>1913 Fund (deposited in savings bank)</td><td style="text-align: right;">221.01</td></tr><tr><td>Remitted for campus improvements and building</td><td style="text-align: right;">16,020.00</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to Hail Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">380.37</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to Leavens Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">204.00</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to Hoppin Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">107.60</td></tr><tr><td>Joy Bed Fund—remitted to Changsha</td><td style="text-align: right;">50.00</td></tr><tr><td>Payment of bank indebtedness</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,500.00</td></tr><tr><td>Interest on notes</td><td style="text-align: right;">314.95</td></tr><tr><td>H. G. Newton, '59, Bequest invested as endowment</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to C. M. B.—for X-ray outfit</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,698.23</td></tr><tr><td>Balance in bank—June 15, 1918</td><td style="text-align: right;">157.75</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">$52,001.80</td></tr></tfoot></table>

## CHINA MEDICAL BOARD

During the year the China Medical Board has continued payment of its annual grant of $16,200, to which it has added during the year $6,700 as first payment of a total supplementary grant of $15,200 to be paid during three years. All moneys from this source are applied to salaries and expenses of the Medical Department of Yali exclusively. This generous cooperation by the China Medical Board, beginning July 1, 1915, is pledged to July 1, 1920. There are at present thus supported, four physicians, one nurse, one pre-medical teacher, and one Hospital business agent. After remittances and all expenditures for the year, the funds in this account in possession of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society stand (June 13, 1918)

<table><tbody><tr><td>Surplus (Liberty Bonds) par</td><td style="text-align: right;">$4,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Reserve for Sabbatical expenses of appointees</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,988.32</td></tr><tr><td>Balance in bank</td><td style="text-align: right;">119.14</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">$7,107.46</td></tr></tfoot></table>

A detailed report of China Medical Board funds is made direct to the Board.

[1918]

THE CHANGSHA ENTERPRISE

THE CHANGSHA ENTERPRISE

Amos P. Wilder, '81

COME have intimated that "Yale-in-China" should be quiescent during the World War; but not those who "know their China." The fact is Yali is a vital part of this War. It is because there have been such groups as the fifty Yale men, women and children who constitute the Changsha community that China is an Ally, for they have made friends of the influential Chinese and secured their confidence. When it came time to elect which side the Chinese should take, they naturally remained with their friends. But for the future it is critically important that Yale-in-China should be at work in the Orient. It and institutions like it are turning out friends who understand Americans and their attitude. In every one of the "Eighteen Provinces" will be a contingent of highly educated leaders who are grateful to America for their training and who can assure China's millions that Americans mean to do the right thing. Had we followed this policy for the past forty years in Mexico, we would now have some thousands of men of affairs in that country, leaders among their people, who could interpret properly the United States to the ignorant masses.

Perhaps even more important, Yale-in-China is making the Chinese people literate. It is a peril to have 400,000,000 so ignorant as are the Chinese—only a handful in each community able to read and write. Ignorance furnishes the ideal medium for prejudice, passion, misunderstanding, hate. There is much said of making the world safe for democracy; there is much truth in the comment that democracy itself must be made safe. One of the most effective ways is to make it informed, literate, open-minded. Such an educational plant as Yali and the influences that come from it make for a safe democracy.

This China work is to distinguish Yale greatly. Already it has aroused interest and the few have noted it doing its work in Hunan—the central Province of all China; but after the War when Internationalism becomes the absorbing topic and the door is locked forever on provincialism, the discovery that for over a decade the Yale group has been getting a mighty hold in the heart of the Orient will kindle enthusiasm. There are now half a dozen American college projects in China, ranging from

THE YALE SHEFFIELD MONTHLY

[June

Princeton's support of the Peking Y. M. C. A. to a "Grinnell in China;" but Yale led the way and now has the largest plant. Since 1906 its class rooms have been in operation. The early ideal was culture and Christianity—a second Yale. Both the New Haven and the China Yale were begun by the earnest type of man. It is error to conceive that projects of this sort eventuate casually. Thurston, Seabury (both died young) and their associates had visions,—their hearts felt keenly for a China in darkness, in hopelessness, in suffering; and their minds glowed with zeal to spread the "lux" of Yale learning. The result is that Yali is a "Mission"—a community seeking to regenerate the hearts and lives of men—and it is a college where scholarship is fostered. With time there has been growth. There are now a dozen Yale-degree teachers, each a specialist. It is doubtful whether there is in all China an institution with a faculty of such scholarly standing. This is as it should be. The Yale Alumni would be interested in nothing less. The instruction is given in English—this puts Yali in a class with the three or four best in all China. It would be easier to conduct a Chinese-speaking college; but every ambitious, influential "New China" man is to speak at least one foreign language. For the mass it shall be English, especially since the Germans threw away their mighty hold in China, beginning with the Tsingtao colony.

Changsha is a city of 300,000 people. The Yale School did its work until a year ago within the crowded walls (five miles circumference); but now there is a modern campus in the open country outside the North Gate. Here have been erected a dormitory, a class-room building, a chapel, some faculty residences. Here is a Preparatory school of some two hundred boys and at last a college has been developed as apex of the educational pyramid—four classes with a total of some fifty pupils; doing as good work as most American colleges.

The medical side is not so important as the cultural side—so the wise ones say—yet it ever attracts more attention. It is so easy to raise money to support a work of healing compared to support of routine education—the main-spring of all action, including hospitals by the score! At Changsha by reason of two unusual Yale men—Dr. Hume and Dr. Yen—the medical work at times threatens to over-top all. Such results as have been attained! First, co-operation with the Chinese. The medi-

1918]

THE CHANGSHA ENTERPRISE

cal activities are under a joint committee of ten of the leading
Chinese of Hunan Province (which numbers 22,000,000) and ten
Yale men. They work harmoniously together. They operate a
hospital—one of the largest in all China—and treat 32,000 cases
a year of all sorts of injuries and sicknesses; they conduct a
Nurses' Training School and a Medical School in which fifty
Chinese young men are fitting to be doctors. Who can measure
the extent of good and uplift that follow on this effort? It is
amazing what a few men and a little money can do where en-
thusiasm and disinterested service lend their aid. The results
make the richest "dividends" of the market-place look contemp-
tible. In this case the efforts of a few Yale men are literally
stocking a nation with ideas and ideals.

The Scientific School has always had a part in this work. At present it is represented on the Board of Fifteen Trustees who manage affairs at the New Haven end by Prof. Breckenridge and Registrar Vreeland. Harold Smith, '14S, was one of the most effective "one-year men" who ever went to Yali. Howard Richards, '00S, and others have done much good work in promoting Yali interests. At present R. W. Powell, formerly an instructor in Physics at Sheff, is now teaching at Changsha. Also F. L. Chang, '13S, and '15 M. F. The latter is introducing Forestry to the Chinese. It is a fascinating story, the efforts to interest the mandarins in tree-planting, so sorely needed in China. Hitherto Yali has been primarily cultural—perhaps it is well. But mining, manufacturing, forestry, agriculture,—these issues are pressing. Yali must have the best things in Chemistry, in Engineering. It is Sheff's opportunity. The managers of Yali need men and money. Most of all is needed the assurance of the earnest men of the alumni that this extension of the New Haven Yale to the Orient looks good to them and that they will not fail it!

SIX ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS
PROPOSED FOR YALE-IN-CHINA,

Meeting of Trustees Held to Provide
Residences for Faculty—Salary Con-
ditions to Be Relieved.

The Trustees of Yale-in-China propose the erection of a series of six additional residences on the campus at Changsha in which to house married teachers and doctors for whom quarters in Chinese buildings are not available, now that the campus is removed from within the city walls to the country. Homes are needed for the families of Mr. Powell, 1916 S., the teacher of Physics; J. M. Williams, 1908, biologist; Mr. Smith, geologist; Dr. Yen, head of the Medical School; Mr. Zee, 1909, the chemist, and Mr. Durham, the business agent.

The buildings proposed are bungalows —a modern frame-work, supporting a Chinese tiled roof, with walls of brick and interior partitions of plaster. They are convenient and attractive. The cost at present exchange is about $2,000. The residences will be known by the name of the donor, as is the rule; thus "The Blodgett House," etc. It is the hope of the management that Yale men and families of Yale men will take a satisfaction in seeing these homes promptly provided.

At the recent meeting of the Trustees
steps were also taken to relieve the un-
fortunate effect of the high price of sil-
ver in remitting salaries to China.

A statement issued by the Trustees
says:-

"Our unmarried men and women receive an annual salary of $800 (in addition to which rent is provided in Ya-li buildings and other small allowances). Our married men—teachers and doctors—receive $1,200 salary (also rent and allowances for children, if any).

"This money is remitted to China through the banks and our men receive it, not in United States currency but in silver or 'Mex.'—the money of the coun-

EUT. H. L. SEWARD, U. S. N. R.
Professor of Mechanical Engineering

Y. N. T. U. CUTTER DRILL ON

THE YEAR AT YA-LI

2

REV. BROWNELL GAGE, '98

Dean Gage, who heads the College, has been associated with the
Yale enterprise since its beginning

the students themselves to meet local conditions, some appearing
as hygienic tracts or pamphlets, while others are sent to the daily
press.

A recent biographer of Pasteur says, "... the records of
imagination in science are full of dreams which come true."
Medical students and Faculty at Changsha are together dreaming
and planning a visible educational exhibit which shall gradually
lead the wills of the people to believe. Already several of the
Faculty have promised valuable editions of early scientific works
to the library. The museum, too, is to have demonstrations of the
progress of modern medical science, and of the indigenous
products that have been or may be utilized to bring healing to
those in need. If every Yale medical man in America could get
into touch with our plans and take a small share, we should not
only have a library and museum that the college might be proud
of, but that would be a power in the land.

E. H. HUME, '97

II

Ya-li and the Prison Camps

FOR the past four weeks Changsha has been faced with a
situation unique in Chinese history. The day following the
panic and flight of the 25,000 northern soldiers, the victorious
southern troops arrived with over 7,000 northerners who had sur-
their possessions, they were herded out into the North Gate
Suburb, and quartered in temples and barracks near the Ya-li
campus. They presented a pitiful spectacle as they arrived,
ragged and dirty, and exhausted from fighting, marching and
body of men was thrust upon a community with no existing gov-
ernment in power, and a public disorganized by several days' fear
to guide its actions, for there is no other case on record where a
large number of soldiers have been held as prisoners.

The acute question immediately arose as to what should be done
with these men. They were too exhausted to march any distance
from the city, and it was feared that if they were allowed to leave
they would loot the country en route and later join their fleeing
comrades and possibly return and fight. It seemed better to the
authorities to hold them than to let them go, though there was no
suitable place to house them. The situation was being hourly
complicated by the arrival of several thousand southern troops,
who were leaderless, and wandering about the city firing indis-
criminately. There was a very real danger that they would
attack the unarmed prisoners, who lacked even police protection,
for the latter had been attacked and dispersed by the southerners
in revenge for some supposed injury.

At this juncture a number of missionaries of the type ever ready
to help in time of danger and trouble, took upon their shoulders
the task of protecting the prisoners, and for the next three days
and nights they stood guard outside the camps until the southern
generals guaranteed the safety of the northerners. During this
time the presence of these quiet, unarmed but tactful and deter-
mined foreigners was the only force that saved many prisoners
from death. For the first two days public feeling was against
this befriending of the "enemy," but gradually the point of view
changed as the disinterested act of the missionaries was seen in
its true light, and as the public recognized that the reputation of
the city was being saved.

The presence of the interned prisoners, especially the thousand
or more in the barracks across the road from our school, has
naturally aroused the interest and sympathy of the Ya-li student
body. The surroundings and condition of the prisoners is ex-
ceedingly bad. They are without possessions of any kind except
the clothes they are wearing, there are no facilities for washing,
and they are covered with dirt and vermin. There are about
thirty men to a room, and in lieu of bedding, straw has been
spread on the mud floors and the men lie on that, the poorly
ventilated rooms and the crowded conditions helping the men to
keep warm as the cold weather approaches. The Ya-li students
held a meeting to discuss what they could do to relieve the
prisoners. Since the majority have families dependent upon them
it was felt that the students could do nothing which would be
more appreciated than writing a message to each family, telling
of the safety of its head. After nearly a week of delay, permis-
sion was granted and the necessary passes given out so that the
students could begin the work of getting the names and addresses
of the families of the 7,000 prisoners. For the past two weeks,
delegations of Ya-li students have daily visited each of the five
prison camps, and have written nearly 3,000 letters to date. The
students themselves have assumed the responsibility of carrying
on this work. Their task is neither easy nor pleasant, and they
are handicapped by the differences in dialect which frequently
make it impossible for them to understand the men they are
seeking to aid. But they have shown perseverance and a
comendable spirit in performing this unique service.

In addition to the letter writing, the Christian and non-Christian
students decided to give talks to the prisoners. The latter group
spoke on such topics as "The Unity of Our Country," and it is
interesting to note that they kept this up for only two days. The
Christian students, however, have a real message, and under the
leadership of the college Y. M. C. A. have been doing regular
evangelistic work, including preaching and the distribution of
Christian literature. Since the whole time of the prisoners is
spent in enforced idleness, those who are able to read are ready
and eager to take advantage of the opportunity, and the Christian
message reaches men who have just experienced what practical
Christian charity is.

Where large numbers of men are crowded together, as they are
in these camps, it is a very difficult matter to provide for adequate
sanitation, and especially in China. The students of the Medical
School have been doing a fine work giving hygiene lectures and
doing all in their power to improve the living conditions. The
reader may try, if he wishes, to picture an ancient temple sud-
denly called upon to house over half a thousand men, and he will
immediately recognize the serious danger of sickness or plague
under such conditions. The preventative and first aid work that

THE YEAR AT YA-LI

3

the medical students have done in connection with the prisoners and wounded has given them very valuable experience.

The events of the past month have been both illuminating in showing certain phases of Chinese character, and full of promise for the future. A precedent has been established for humane treatment of prisoners of war, the Ya-li student body has shown a willingness and capacity for unpleasant and unselfish labor, all of us foreigners have discovered that there are unexpected fields of usefulness open to us, and the position of the missionary body and Christian activity in this part of China has been greatly strengthened.

HAROLD V. SMITH, '12

### III
# Forestry and Yale in China

WE have often heard and seen the pictures of terrible deforestation that has taken place in China. President Roosevelt in his message to the American people pointed to China as an example of what deforestation has done in retarding the progress of the people. We who are living here appreciate President Roosevelt's message even more than most Americans. One reason why economic stress is felt so much in China is the presence of thousands of square miles of waste lands—lands which when reforested can yield valuable timber.

Our geography books tell us that China is one of the most thickly settled parts on the face of the earth. The tourists who visit China by stopping over at a few "treaty ports" confirm the same idea. And the evangelists in speaking of the Chinese as "teeming millions" give the same impression. So the general opinion abroad is that the people in China live like sardines in a tin! On the contrary when traveling in the interior, one is very much surprised to find vast areas of waste lands and barren hills deforested and unpopulated. It is very true that crowded conditions exist in cities. With a reasonable amount of reforestation and protection the bare country affords ample room for the overflow of people from the cities.

The present condition of these waste lands is pitiful in the eyes of the enlightened world. Brush, weeds, and even grass can find no footing on them. People from neighboring villages uproot every growing thing that can be used for fuel.

Moreover, most waste lands are the water sheds of the network of streams in China. All the large rivers carry a large amount of sediment (the richest part of the soil) into the sea. Within a period of six months the difference in stream flow in the interior part of China is as much as 50 feet. This makes both travel and trade uncertain and dangerous. The recent flood in Tientsin which has driven half a million people homeless is no doubt partly caused by deforestation. All these and other relations of forests to the welfare of the nation point to the fact that China's progress in civilization must be accompanied by the establishment of more forests which have been spoken of as the "rod of civilization."

From the reckless destruction of forests, questions like "do the Chinese like trees?" may arise. To answer this, I say with absolute conviction, contradictory as it may seem, that the Chinese people as a whole love trees. I have visited many families of moderate means and have rarely failed to see some trees around their houses or in their courtyard. I have often seen windows of small shops filled with pots of evergreen trees or flowers instead of displayed ware. Decorations for weddings, birthdays and other festivals and even bargain sales are incomplete without some pots of evergreen trees and flowers. In the country around Changsha, mud huts are built around some large camphor trees. I have also observed incense and paper money offered to the spirit of an old tree. Yet in spite of their love of flowers and trees, the Chinese have killed "the goose that lays the golden eggs" by denuding their mountains and hills of forests.

Ignorance and economic pressure are the two causes of the reckless destruction of forests. The country people are very ignorant of the effect of forests on the economic welfare of the nation. Floods are looked upon by them as visitations of gods for the punishment of men. The prevailing idea is that forests

are good only for fuel and lumber. Since forests are the property of the community and belong to the public, the people think that they are entitled to what they can get out of them. Everybody is afraid of his neighbor getting ahead of him with the result that any possible brush or seedling is stripped from the lands.

The official force that is working for reforestation is rather feeble. The Forest Service in Peking has under its employment a few western trained foresters. But on account of politics which limits its fields of activities by cutting down its appropriation and by the constant threat of changing its personnel, the influence of the service has not been nation-widely felt.

The only way to plant forestry in China on a firm foundation is through education. There is no slightest doubt that there will be a forestry movement which will sweep over whole China in the immediate future, as it did in the United States only a few years ago. In the meanwhile both primary and middle schools as well as agriculture and forestry schools need teachers in forestry. Propaganda work in giving popular lectures require men especially trained along that particular line of work. Reforestation in different provinces need thousands of trained foresters. The number of technically-trained Chinese foresters at present can be counted on the fingers of one hand. Nanking University is the only institution in China that has a department of Agriculture and Forestry. There is no forest school in this land of deforestation.

The Yale educational work in Hunan province is highly commended by both Chinese and Americans. The people here point to these Yale institutions of learning as a model for Chinese schools. Many Americans and Chinese will agree with the thought that Changsha commands a most strategic point for a school of

A STAUNCH FRIEND OF YA-LI
Governor Tan of Hunan Province and L. B. P. Gould, '17, en route to Changsha. Governor Tan was temporarily retired from office during the recent troubles

4

June 1949

GERMAN IDEALS
MENACE CHINA

Dean Brownell Gage, Of Yali
University, Tells Friends
Here of Danger.

COOLIES LOVE AMERICA

Will Allied Influence Or Teutonic Be
Dominant? Is Great Question
Of Present.

"You will find Chinese coolies away in the interior of China and even down to Slam to the south of the Yangtze. They are the most mobile of the people, and tell you with smiles that the United States returned to China the BoxerIndochina, and they are going to China at the Yale in China meeting last night in Dwight Hall."

"The work of Yale University is doing at Changsha is representative of the very best American Christian life, the fact of going out in the world to do for others which has been done for us." Yale Alumni can strengthen the foundation at home by building a great structure for God and humanity in Changsha, China.

"The Chinese say, 'You call George Washington the father of your country. The United States is our elder brother, and you know our elder brothers teach their little brothers how to walk. So we look to you to help us. Do not lose faith in us, but believe that we will pull through and we who realize what the situation is, make the pledge to meet that we will be faithful to all the light and leading of that you are trying to give us.'"

"China is, in many respects, the greatest land of the East; great in extent of territory, great in its population, four hundred million people, or one-fourth of the population of the world, great in the physical strength of its people, great its magnificent history, great in its unlimited possibilities."

Germans in China.

Rev. Brownell. Gage, '98, Dean of
Yali college said among other
things:

"Note the German menace in China. The roy of 'Berlin to Baghdad.' Has been shifted to Germany. And now it is 'Berlin to Batum.' And now we read of the formation of the trustees of the American Republic. This has given Germany the ambition to open a road from Hamburg to Herat. From Herat it is a short step through Persia to Afghanistan and India. It also a short step through Turkistan to China.

"We are almost sure that the German will be easy. Their experts have explored it from one end to the other. They know its mineral resources and its possibilities as a market. Their merchants have studied it for years. They are willing to work on a smaller margin of profit than other foreigners. Even 'American products' sold in China largely through German agents. They are willing to forego present profits for future gains. In Japan are several thousand German prisoners, captured at Tsingtao. These men are all special in their free time studying the Chinese language. They are making ready to spread German culture and German influence as soon as we set free. This tends point to the suggestion of Minister Reinsch that America should over a regiment of business men trained to act as telegraph guard relieve the present guards on duty at Peking. While doing this during the war, they could be studying the Chinese language and the Chinese market, so as to further an American business when the war is over.

Which Influence Wins?

"However, we are chiefly interested in the question whether German influence in the influence of the Americans will be dominant in China, because this question; concerns the political, social and moral welfare of the Chinese people. The ideals of the Chinese are democratic. Even Empire days, the people were left to manage their own affairs in the country. It would be disastrous for them, and injurious for the world, if German ideals should dominate in China. The country is in confusion at present. Civil war has produced a chaos which which dislodged many with the attempt to establish a republic. On both sides are more and more ready to use military, rather than political means, to

seize their factions. German militaryism might be a relief from this confusion, but the people. China must never satisfy the people. China has no safety if the world is to be destroyed. They have the sympathy of the democratic countries at this time.

Changsha Work.

"At Changsha we are training the future leaders of the country. The first one who was instructed by the faculty is now vice-president of the Senate at Peking. Our students have their knowledge of history and government from Yale men. An institution that has the confidence of the political and educational leaders must be very potent."

Mr. Gage sells soon to organize educational work among the 150,000 Chinese laborers in Europe, under French and British army auspices. He has loaned for one year by "Yale to China."

Mr. Clarence H. Kelsey '78, of New York presided. Other speakers were Miss Nina D. Gage, head of the burning Department of Yale; Dwight H. Daggett '89, and Mrs. Leavens, of Prof. D. H. Leavens, the mathe-matical chairman of the Board of Trustees, reported for one year for the year 1949. One of the needs is for readiness for the doctors and teachers.

CROWNS
BROS.

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

675

THE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL
New Haven, Connecticut

SCHOOL YEAR, October 1, 1917, to June 26, 1918
With Christmas and Easter Vacations

REVIEW TERM, April 1, 1918, to June 26, 1918

SUMMER SCHOOL, August 1, 1918, through
September examinations. Dormitory, with
careful supervision

Special and thorough preparation by experts of
pupils for final and preliminary examinations of
Yale University. Earnest teaching by the So-
cratic method.

For information, address,
GEO. L. FOX, 15 College Street

Tel. Center 3625

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Danforth School
Framingham, Mass.

The country life school
for young boys

JAMES CHESTER FLAGG, A.B.
Head Master

WESTMINSTER SCHOOL
SIMSBURY, CONNECTICUT

W. L. Cushing, A.B., A.M. Yale '72, Headmaster

CLAREMONT SCHOOL FOR BOYS

A school of high standards for a limited number of recom-
mended boys. Thorough preparation for all colleges. Ideals
of Yale in Southern California Climate. Continuous out-
door life among orange groves with snow covered mountains
at back gate. Sleeping porches. Camping trips. All sports,
30 miles from Los Angeles. $550. Send for catalog.

W. E. GARRISON, A.B. (Yale), Ph.D., Headmaster
Claremont, Cal.

SALISBURY SCHOOL
SALISBURY, CONN.

In the Berkshire Hills.

Rev. Geo. E. Quaile, M.A., Headmaster

THE
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676

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

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THE
YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

VOL. XXVII, No. 27

NEW HAVEN, CONN., MARCH 22, 1918

$3.00 A YEAR

## Dean Henry P. Wright

NO mere printed word can convey to its readers the peculiar place which Henry Parks Wright had in the hearts of the twenty-five classes that passed through Yale while he was Dean of the College. The first to hold that position permanently, he had come into it as naturally as any Yale man ever came into a University office. Until that year the carrying on of the College had fallen upon the President—the older generation of Yale men will recall the visits, not infrequently disciplinary, alas, which callow undergraduates were summoned to make on Noah Porter and Timothy Dwight in the sunny southeast upstairs room of the Treasury Building in the center of the Old Campus. But by 1884, the two-thirds-elective work of the two upper classes had created the need for a closer connection between the students and Faculty, and the rotation system of naming College Deans, with the President the actual incumbent of the office, gave way to a permanent officer. The story is told of President Porter finding Professor Wright in the Library one day and casually asking him whether he would be willing to “take charge of the marks” of the two upper classes under the new elective system.

No Yale officer was ever more informally inducted into office, or found thereafter to have been the man for the place. For Dean Wright was ideally the right choice. He was a born elder brother to young men, the standing example of “the square deal” before that term became an abused popular slogan, by his own experience sympathetic with the student of slender means, through his own lofty life-ideals the enemy of anything in the College life that smacked of trifling, idleness, or undemocratic tendencies.

Some 7,000 Yale men went through their college life under Dean Wright's kindly yet soul-searching eye. As we said upon his retirement in 1909 in this place, he was "a stern judge of the evil-doer, a guide to the narrow way for the wayward, a wise counsellor, a father to the fatherless, a protector to the needy, a constant source of inspiration to the ambitious." That summing up of the man, if any words can tell what Yale men thought of him, seems the truer to-day, now that nine years have passed since he went into retirement and now, indeed, that he has gone from his accustomed ways forever. The affection which young men give to an elder whom they have found to ring true, and which they carry in ever-mellowing prospect as the years pass, went out to Dean Wright from thousands of Yale men as it was given to no other Yale man during that period in Yale history. Men may admire genius and recognize intellectuality, but they give a youth's life-long human affection only to those who have a human understanding of life's perplexities. Such a man was Henry P. Wright.

## The Honor Roll

THE Roll of Honor lengthens. As nothing else can do, it points to the great total sacrifice which Yale men are going to make before peace is won. Those thirty-seven men, young men most of them and all cut off in the prime of their life and promise,

are but the forerunners of many others whom we are proud to claim as Yale men. One cannot help but notice the heavy toll exacted from among those who chose the aviation branch of the Service; twenty-four of them have gone. These men must have known when they set their faces in that direction what a hazardous choice they had made. But the manner in which they have met death has borne more eloquent testimony than any words could have done as to the sort of men they were. Yale honors her hero dead. As the roll lengthens still more, as it must while the war continues, Yale men would be glad to have the supreme sacrifice of their fellows accepted as epitomizing the best for which their common Yale stands, and God granting it, will always stand.

## Ya-li in War-time

THE Yale group at Changsha has kept at work during the War, as was fitting. The management has trimmed sail and avoided unwise expansions; but, as the growth of an oak tree cannot well be intermittent, so a community and a programme like that under Yale auspices at Changsha, must never languish. Events have proved the wisdom of having a live plant and a working staff. The War finds China a participant and, with the Russian complications, more vitally so from now on. It is much to have at Changsha a considerable number of high-class Americans, men who speak the language, know the ways of the country and who in a dozen years' time have won the confidence of the influential Chinese. These Yale men have elected China for life: their children are born there; it is no exaggeration to say that the welfare and interest of the country touch them as closely as they do the Chinese. The latter believe this, and the kinship is close. The Yale workers enjoy the respect and affection of the natives. Ya-li is a center of counsel in all sorts of matters,—of intelligent and disinterested counsel, and coöoperation. Thus the timely good will that the United States needs among Orientals is promoted.

In a supplement to this issue will be found a series of articles dealing with conditions at Changsha. They describe the recent clash between Northern Imperial troops and Southern regiments of the Reformers. It is sorry factional killing, this slaughter of peasants and toilers, by each other, especially at this time when the Chinese should be building up a united nation to enable it to resist aggression. However, Ya-li's part was to be useful, not to dogmatize. The firm and prompt dash into the mob by our men to assure the Chinese that it isn't good form to kill prisoners, the patching up of some 500 wounded by Ya-li doctors and nurses plus the feeding of the 7,000 and hygienic measures for the encampments, form one of those fine chapters of service without precedent which make sprightly this strange era.

The upshot is that the Chinese mind has a deepened impression that Americans are of the right sort. Diplomats fuss and plot for decades without storing up a national asset like this which Ya-li is quietly effecting in mid-China. The situation is summed up in an article in *The International Review of Missions for*

678

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

March 22

January, 1918, which says, among other things, "Changsha is the capital of the very important province of Hunan, and here we have the best instance in China of coöperative work between Chinese and foreigners. The Hunan-Yale movement is prophetic. It is an instance of inter-racial coöoperation which points to the great coming brotherhood of the nations in all that makes for the highest welfare of mankind."

## Backing the Alumni Fund

OUR attention has been called to the extraordinary spirit which has thus far marked the giving to the Alumni Fund. Those charged with the formidable task of meeting a University deficit sure to exceed a quarter of a million dollars long ago went about the matter in a way to call for the heartiest sort of response. They believed, with what justification the future will best prove, that a university which, without regard to its own interests, was placing its resources for investigation and for training officers in the Artillery and the Navy unreservedly at the disposal of the Government must certainly make its own appeal to its loyal sons. The very motives which prompted that choice are obviously prompting the alumni to give generously of their means through

the Alumni Fund. "I am proud of the work Yale is doing," writes a minister enclosing a contribution small and yet the largest he can send, and that feeling of pride in the work being accomplished at New Haven is given varied expression in the letters that are pouring in through the Alumni Fund Chairman, the Class Agents, and the Treasurer of the University. Finally, no one can read the annual report of the Alumni Fund just placed in the mails without a better realization of the work that has been accomplished through the Fund and of the larger work which has still to be done. The report, with its greatly increased list of contributors, is a splendid promise of gifts still to come.

Those who fathered and encouraged the Alumni Fund idea built even better than they knew, for they established for all time a channel through which every man could give something to the support of the University. They built especially well for the present emergency, for there appear to be none but are ready to do their part to make it possible for the good work to go on. When a non-Yale father so catches this spirit that he voluntarily sends a contribution to the Alumni Fund in the name of his son absent in the Service, the only fear is that some graduate may not realize the need and the opportunity and will thus fail to do his part in the work.

## Yale War Record

In order to make this "Yale War Record" the clearing house for Yale service news throughout the war, the ALUMNI WEEKLY will expect to depend in large measure upon the interested co-operation of its readers. It is therefore cordially requested that this department be regularly made use of by the alumni generally for the publication of war-time information concerning their friends and themselves, which will appear as rapidly as space limitations permit. Personal items, letters and other literature growing out of the war (including matter already published), and pictures of Yale interest are desired at all times.—THE EDITORS.

### Installment 25

### Roll of Honor

#### Frank Gibbes Montgomery, '15 S.

1st Lieutenant, Chasse Pilote, Aviation Service

Killed in an airplane accident in the United States forces overseas. His death was reported in dispatches published in this country on March 13, 1918. No further details are as yet known.

Born in Spartanburg, S. C., on December 25, 1894, Frank Gibbes Montgomery was the son of Walter Scott and Bessie (Gibbs) Montgomery. He prepared at the Hastoc High School of Spartanburg and was a member of the Class of 1914 at Wofford College before entering the Scientific School, where he took the Electrical Engineering Course and belonged to Phi Gamma Delta, the Southern Club, and the Yale Branch of The American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Upon graduation he entered the Spartan Mills at Spartanburg. On May 2, 1917, Montgomery enlisted in the aviation branch of the Service, and after completing his course of training near Columbus, Ohio, was ordered to France in the fall. He received a French Brevéte on September 20, was commissioned First Lieutenant on November 30, and at the time of his death was a Chasse Pilote.

#### Charles Kremer Tuohy, ex-'15 Spec. L.

2d Lieutenant, U. S. Signal Corps

Accidentally drowned in the Willamette River, near Portland, Ore., the body being found on February 15, 1918, nearly a week

after his disappearance from a houseboat party. Tuohy had entered the second Reserve Officers' Training Camp at the Presentio in September of 1917, graduating from that school with the commission of Second Lieutenant in the Infantry. After two weeks at Camp Lewis, however, he was ordered to Vancouver Barracks, where he was enlisted in the service corps as one of the experts in charge of the spruce production for use in the manufacture of airplanes. He was twenty-five years old.

Charles Kremer Tuohy was the son of William M. Tuohy of Butte, Mont. He graduated with honors from the Butte High School and attended Gonzaga College in Spokane, from which he went to the University of Virginia. He was a special law student at the Yale Law School from 1912 to 1915. Two years ago he was admitted to the Montana Bar, taking up his practice as a member of the firm of Kremer, Sanders & Kremer. A military funeral was accorded him, a military escort from the 14th Infantry accompanying the caisson bearing the body.

#### Leslie Malcolm MacNaughton, 1918

Aviator, U. S. N. R. F.

Killed in an airplane accident at Hampton Roads, Va., on March 13, 1918. Although the aviator in the machine with him escaped without injury, the machine, falling from a height of 300 feet, was crushed by the impact with the water and MacNaughton was killed. It is assumed that the engine stalled, thus causing the accident.

Leslie MacNaughton was the son of Fred MacNaughton and was born at Fort Edward, N. Y., on October 2, 1894. He prepared for college at The Hill School. He played football in Freshman year and later won his "Y" in rowing. His societies were Alpha Delta Phi and Wolf's Head. MacNaughton was a member of Battery B at Tobyhanna. Last spring he went as a member of the first Yale Aerial Unit to train at West Palm Beach. Upon enlisting in the Naval Reserve, he was sent to Hampton Roads, where he met with the fatal accident.

### Wallace Charles Winter, Jr., 1918 S.

1st Lieutenant, U. S. Aviation Service

Killed while flying over the German lines on a scouting expedition. Word of his recent death was received in this country on March 12, 1918. Winter left Huntington, Long Island, where he was training, and enrolled in the Lafayette Escadrille. Several weeks ago he was awarded the Croix de Guerre for individual bravery, being at the time a corporal. Two days later he was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the United States Aviation Service.

Wallace Winter was the son of Wallace C. Winter, '93 S., and of Florence (Robbins) Winter of Chicago, being born on May 4, 1896. Having prepared for Yale at the Hotchkiss School, he entered Sheff, where he was a member of Book and Snake and of the Kopper Kettle Klub. He played on the Freshman Football Eleven and was on the Varsity football squad in 1916.

1918

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

679

## Army and Navy

'91 S.

Charles M. Wood has been appointed an Aeronautical Mechanical Engineer, Signal Service at Large, and assigned to the Production Engineering Department. His address is the Lindsey Building, Dayton, Ohio.

'92

As thus far reported in the *War Record*, the '92 men in service are divided as follows: *Army*, 8; *Navy*, 1; *Governmental and Civil*, 17. *Thornwell Mullally* is Colonel of the 144th Field Artillery, *Preston Brown* is a Lieutenant Colonel on the General Staff abroad, Lieutenant Colonel Graves, N. A., is in charge of the Forestry regiments, *Major Hugh Bayne* is serving on General Pershing's staff and *Synnott* is a Major in the M. O. R. C. *Eaton* and *Orrick* are Captains.

George R. Montgomery, who holds a commission as a Captain in the Aviation Service, is on duty in France.

'92 S.

As thus far reported in the *War Record*, the '92 S. men in service are divided as follows: *Army*, 8; *Governmental and Civil*, 9. *There are three Majors and three Captains; the Majors are Thomas Denny, and S. S. Thorn, Ordnance Section of the National Army, and C. H. Nichols, Engineer O. R. C. Major Nichols is the only Yale man reported to have been in charge of the construction of one of the large camps. Thorn served as commander of an American Red Cross ambulance section for nineteen months and was decorated with the Croix de Guerre during the early days of the battle of Verdun.*

'93

Major Terry Parker, O. R. C., ex-'93, is serving as Assistant Judge Advocate of the 29th Division at Camp McClellan, Ala. Until November 10, when he was given this assignment, Parker was in charge of the Machine Gun Company of the 113th Infantry.

'95

The Headquarters Company and the 2d Battalion of the 102d Engineers under Col. Cornelius Vanderbilt left Camp Wadsworth on March 4 for Camp Humphries, Belvoir, Va., for a month's training in railroad engineering.

'95 S.

Dr. William S. Barnes has been ordered to report at Camp Greenleaf, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., for instruction in the Medical Officers' Training School.

'99

Ord Preston was commissioned as a First Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps on January 17. He is assigned to the Executive Office in Washington.

'99 D.

2d Lieut. Reed B. Cherington, Inf., ex-'99 D., is stationed at Camp Lewis, Tacoma, Wash., with the 166th Depot Brigade. He received his commission on August 15, 1917.

'00

Capt. Edward C. Greene, M. O. R. C., is serving as Regimental Surgeon of the 301st Engineers. This Regiment is at Camp Devens, Mass.

Lucius C. Kingman was commissioned as

a Passed Assistant Surgeon with the rank of Lieutenant in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force on June 14, 1917, and assigned to Naval Base Hospital No. 4. During 1916, he served in the Harvard Unit with the British Expeditionary Force in France, ranking as a Major (Honorary) in the Royal Army Medical Corps.

1st Lieut. Roland S. Palmer, N. A., may be addressed in care of the Chief of Ordnance, American Expeditionary Forces.

'00 S.

On January 26, H. Stuart Hotchkiss was promoted from a Captain in the Officers' Reserve Corps to be a Major in the Signal Corps of the Regular Army. He is serving as an Assistant Chief of Inspection.

Since July 25, 1917, Herman A. Webster has held a commission as a First Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps of the National Army. He is attached to the Army Ambulance Service with the French Army. Webster enlisted in the American Ambulance Field Service in 1914 and afterwards served as Assistant Inspector and Commander of various sections. During the winter of 1915-16, he was in command of S. S. U. No. 6, Auto-Skieurs, in Alsace. He was the organizer of this Unit.

'01

Cameron B. Waterman received a commission as a Captain in the Aviation Section of the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps on December 6, 1917.

George L. Catlin, who was commissioned an Ensign in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force last May, may be addressed in care of the Bureau of Construction and Repairs, Washington, D. C. Catlin has made one trip to England on special work for the Navy.

'01 S.

Edward S. Tootee holds a Captain's commission.

'02

As thus far reported in the *War Record*, the '02 men in service are divided as follows: *Army*, 27; *Navy*, 1; *Governmental and Civil*, 19. *Gardner Abbott*, *Herrick, H. S. Hooker*, *J. W. Hubbell*, and *Norton are Majors in as many branches of the Army*, and the other officers are *Captains*, 5; *First Lieutenants*, 8; *Second Lieutenants*, 2.

'02 S.

As thus far reported in the *War Record*, the '02 S. men in service are divided as follows: *Army*, 19; *Governmental and Civil*, 8. *Wadhams* is a Lieutenant Colonel, *Coffin, P. T. Hall*, and *Trumbull* are Majors and the other officers are: *Captains*, 10; *First Lieutenants*, 3; *Second Lieutenants*, 1.

'03

2d Lieut. George G. Parkhurst, Q. M. C., N. A., ex-'03, is commanding Machine Shop Truck Unit No. 309 at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.

On November 27, 1917, George U. Wenner was commissioned as a First Lieutenant in the Infantry Section of the National Army and assigned to the 12th Infantry at the Presidio of San Francisco.

Bradford Ellsworth has been promoted to the rank of a First Lieutenant. He is stationed at Camp Upton, N. Y.

The present address of Sergeant Lewis A. Sayre is S. S. U. 515, Convois Automobiles, par B. C. M., Paris, France. He enlisted in the Ambulance Service last May.

1st Lieut. Henry Root Stern has been stationed at Camp Dix, N. J., since December 15 as a member of the 311th Infantry.

'03 S.

The address of Capt. Charles M. Fleischmann is Headquarters Staff, Army Post Office 725, American Expeditionary Forces.

George O. Pitzipio, ex-'03 S., is a Lieutenant (J. G.) in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force, and is connected with a submarine base.

On February 19, 2d Lieut. Morris Knapp, ex-'03 S., was transferred to Company L of the 1st Pioneer Infantry.

'04

Capt. Percy H. Jennings, A. S., S. O. R. C., is serving as Chief Disbursing Officer for the Air Service in France and may be addressed at the Lines of Communication, American Expeditionary Forces.

'04 S.

Lawrence B. Dunham was commissioned a Major in the National Army on January 29 and assigned to the Military Intelligence Section of the War College Division.

Ensign Henry R. Wakeman is attached to the U. S. S. *South Dakota* and may be addressed in care of the Postmaster, New York City.

Capt. Bradford Brinton, Q. M. O. R. C., may be addressed in care of the Supply Control Bureau, Office of the Quartermaster General, Washington, D. C.

'05

Chester T. Neal was appointed a Captain in the Reserve Ordnance Engineering branch of the service on February 20.

'05 L.

Frank E. Bollmann was discharged from the service because of a physical disability on July 7, 1917. He had previously ranked as a Lieutenant (J. G.) and was attached to the U. S. S. Georgia.

1st Lieut. Frederick C. Hempy, Inf., O. R. C., is at present assigned to the War Risk Bureau and may be addressed at Army Post Office 702, American Expeditionary Forces. He received his commission on August 15, 1917.

'06

2d Lieut. George A. LaVie, Jr., is stationed at Atlanta, Ga. He entered the Aviation Service in October, 1917.

Joseph H. Twichell is stationed at Camp Devens, Mass., as Chaplain of the 303d Field Artillery.

'07

Capt. Sumner T. McKnight is at present assigned to Company I of the 351st Infantry at Camp Dodge, Iowa.

2d Lieut. Edgar B. Bronson, Jr., Inf., ex-'07, is stationed at Camp Upton, N. Y.

1st Lieut. Charles W. Comfort, Jr., is in service abroad as Regimental Surgeon of a National Guard Infantry Regiment.

2d Lieut. Ira D. Waterman, A. S., S. C., is attending the Engineer Officers' School at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a student at the first Plattsburg Training Camp and later went to the Ground Officers' Training School at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas, where he was given his commission on January 6.

'07 S.

William W. Stanley is a First Lieutenant in the Purchasing Section of the Ordnance Department, stationed in Washington, D. C.

680

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

March 22

Walter J. Feder is now connected with the American Red Cross and is about to take up active duties in the Ambulance Service on the Italian front. His address is American Red Cross, Italian Ambulance, care of the American Consul, Milan, Italy.

On February 22, William R. Benét was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps and assigned to Taliaferro Field, Fort Sill, Texas.

'07 D.

Clifford L. Miller, ex-'07 D., is serving as Chaplain of the 506th Engineer Service Battalion at Camp Lee, Va. His rank is that of a Lieutenant in the National Army and his commission dates from February 15.

'07 M.A.

Henry T. Moore holds a commission as a First Lieutenant in the Psychological Section of the Sanitary Corps.

'08

Capt. Philip H. Collins, of the 323d Field Artillery, is to be at Fort Sill, Okla., until about the middle of May.

'08 S.

Jared K. Morse has been appointed a First Lieutenant in the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps, Aviation Section, Construction Department. He is in service abroad with an Aero Squadron.

Frank A. Ross, who is a First Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps, may be addressed as follows: Office of the Chief Surgeon, S. O. R., Army Post Office 717, American Expeditionary Forces.

1st Lieut. Conrad G. Driscoll is a member of Battery E, 332d Field Artillery, at Camp Grant, Ill.

2d Lieut. W. Thorp Sturges, A. S., S. O. R. C., is in service abroad in the Construction Division of the Aviation Service.

1st Lieut. William W. Skinner is at present assigned to the Headquarters Company of the 333d Field Artillery at Camp Grant, Ill.

On December 18, 1917, J. Francis Weller was given a commission as a First Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps. He is assigned to the Equipment Division in Buffalo, N. Y.

'08 F.

Capt. R. Clifford Hall, E. O. R. C., may be addressed at the Office of the Chief Engineer Officer, American Expeditionary Forces, Forestry Section.

'08 Spec. L.

Herbert W. Stanton, ex-'08 Spec. L., now ranks as a Master Gunner in the Coast Artillery Corps of the Regular Army, in which he enlisted on September 28, 1916. He is stationed at Fort McArthur, Cal.

'09

2d Lieut. Charles C. Cunningham, F. A., O. R. C., is undergoing training in France. He may be addressed in care of the American Expeditionary Forces, Army Post Office, 718.

Allen W. Reid, ex-'09, is stationed at Camp Greene, N. C., with the 16th Field Artillery. He was commissioned a First Lieutenant at Fort Sheridan last November and has recently been appointed a Radio Officer.

Harold T. Messenger, who has enlisted in the Quartermaster Corps, is a member of

Checkers Company No. 1 at Camp Joseph E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla.

2d Lieut. Jack W. Schiffer, A. S., S. O. R. C. ex-'09, has been assigned to the Disbursing Section, Finance Department, Equipment Division, in Washington. His address in that city is the Hotel Shoreham.

Edward L. White, who has been commissioned as a Captain in the Ordnance Officers' Reserve Corps, is at present in charge of the Investigation and the Location Unit, Storage Branch, Operating Section of the Supply Division.

Ensign James S. Schmertz, U. S. N. R. F., ex-'09, is now on shore duty in the 4th Naval District after six months with the Patrol Fleet.

1st Lieut. Henry H. Livingston, Inf., O. R. C., is on detached service with the Aviation Section and may be addressed at Kelly Field, South San Antonio, Texas.

Arthur L. Davison, of the 14th Engineers (Railway), may be addressed in care of the Headquarters Company of the 301st Engineers at Camp Devens, Mass.

2d Lieut. Leonard Bacon, A. S., is now at the Aviation School at San Diego, Cal.

Allen T. Klots, who has been appointed a First Lieutenant, is stationed at Camp Upton, N. Y.

1st Lieut. William H. Taft, 2d, has been transferred from the Ordnance Corps to the line. He is at present attached to the 64th Artillery Brigade Headquarters as Aide to Brigadier-General Haynes.

On February 11, Francis B. Trudeau was promoted to be a Captain in the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps. He is stationed at Camp Oglethorpe, Ga.

'09 S.

Charles F. Mills received a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps on February 22 and was assigned to Taliaferro Field, Fort Worth, Texas.

1st Lieut. Glenn W. Traer, Jr., C. A. O. R. C., is at present commanding the 32d Company at Fort Wadsworth, N. Y. He was given his commission last November.

Capt. Benjamin N. Booth, C. A. C., is at Camp Greene, N. C., with the 77th Field Artillery.

1st Lieut. Donald S. Sammis, E. O. R. C., has been for some time at the Training Camp at Camp Lee, Petersburg, Va.

Edmund F. Williams, who is a First Lieutenant in the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps, is assigned to the 1st Provisional Search Light Detachment at Washington Barracks, D. C.

'09 F.

Percy J. Paxton was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant of Field Artillery at Fort Benjamin Harrison on August 15, 1917, and assigned to the 139th Field Artillery at Camp Shelby, Miss.

'09 L.

On receiving a commission as a Captain in the National Army in September, 1917, Henry P. Jones, ex-'09 L., was assigned to Company A of the 326th Infantry at Camp Gordon, Ga.

'10

1st Lieut. Alexander B. Timm is on overseas service with Base Hospital No. 1.

1st Lieut. William K. Fitch, O. O. R. C., is stationed in Washington. He is assigned to the Inspection Division of the Ordnance Department.

Russell S. Fenn, ex-'10, who enlisted in

the Aerial Gunnery Corps some time ago, is at present stationed at Fort Worth, Texas.

1st Lieut. Ralph P. Uptgrove, of the 326th Field Artillery, is on detached service for a ten weeks' course at the School of Fire for Field Artillery at Fort Sill, Okla.

'10 S.

Lieut. John N. Eckle is in service abroad.

Mitchill Allen has been commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Signal Corps.

1st Lieut. Louis S. Kirjassoff is stationed at Fort H. G. Wright, N. Y.

Lieut. Richard N. Hall has been transferred to the 350th Field Artillery. This Regiment is stationed at Camp Dix, N. J.

Theodore C. Naedele has received a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the Engineer Corps of the Army. He entered the Sanitary Corps at Camp Devens, Mass., some time ago and was later transferred to the Officers' Training School.

George Webb Shillingford, having completed his course at the School of Military Aeronautics at the Georgia Institute of Technology at Atlanta, Ga., has been commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps and is stationed at Carlstrom Field, Arcadia, Fla.

'10 L.

Howard W. Adams received a commission as a Major in the Judge Advocate General's Officers' Reserve Corps on August 30, 1917. He is now on the staff of the Provost Marshal General in Washington.

'11

Edward Harrah, a Provisional Second Lieutenant in the Regular Army, is stationed at Camp Greene, N. C., with the 38th Infantry.

1st Lieut. B. Selden Bacon, of the 301st Field Artillery, is at Fort Sill, Okla., taking a course of instruction at the School for Aerial Observers.

Sergt. Charles A. Welch has arrived safely overseas.

'11 S.

Frederick L. Lehr, Jr., is a Private in the 15th Company of the Marine Corps, stationed at the Marine Barracks, Paris Island, S. C.

Edgar D. Russell was commissioned an Ensign in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force at Pelham Bay Park, N. Y., on February 23 and expects to be ordered to active service within a short time.

Marshall S. Neal is at Camp Dick, Dallas, Texas.

'11 M.A.

Alden Anderson has been promoted to a First Lieutenant. He is stationed at Camp Upton, N. Y.

'11 Grad.

Charles C. Evans, ex-'11 Grad., enlisted in the Merchant Marine of the U. S. Naval Reserve Force on December 10, 1917. He is at present assigned to the School for Navigators on the U. S. S. Gopher.

'12

As thus far reported in the War Record, the '12 men in service are divided as follows: Army, 119; Navy, 12; Governmental and Civil, 15. The officers are: Captains, 10; First Lieutenants, 37; Second Lieutenants, 26; Lieutenant, 1; Ensigns, 6. Julian Biddle, member of the Lafayette Escadrille, was killed in action in France on August 20, 1917. Gordon Rand received the Croix

1918

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

681

de Guerre while in the Ambulance Service. He later entered the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps and was wounded in action. He died on February 6.

Francis M. Knight, who was in the second Reserve Officers' Class at the Naval Academy at Annapolis, is now an Ensign (Temporary) in the U. S. Navy. He is assigned to the Battle Fleet.

2d Lieut. W. Chester Smith, Q. M. C., N. A., has been transferred from Camp Joseph E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla., to Washington, D. C., where he is assigned to the Quartermaster General's Office.

'12 S.

As thus far reported in the War Record, the '12 S. men in service are divided as follows: Army, 112; Navy, 17; Governmental and Civil, 6; Logan and Vreeland are Majors, and the other officers are: Captains, 10; First Lieutenants, 39; Second Lieutenants, 13; Lieutenants, 8; Ensigns, 6. Allan Smith was killed July 21, 1917, while a student of Aviation.

1st Lieut. Radcliffe Romeyn, Ordnance, is stationed in Washington, D. C.

Robert F. Ives was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Ordnance Officers' Reserve Corps on December 29, 1917, with assignment to the Inspection Section of the Equipment Division. He is stationed in Washington.

Ernst H. Ruge, ex-'12 S., enlisted in the Navy in June, 1917, and was sent to Newport, R. I., for training. He was later transferred to the Radio School at Harvard.

1st Lieut. Lawton G. Sargent has been assigned to the Small Arms Section of the Production Division of the Ordnance Department in Washington.

On February 22, John H. Eden, Jr., was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps and assigned to Taliaferro Field, Fort Worth, Texas.

George H. Heilbron is connected with the Ordnance Department in Washington.

Herbert J. Sturberg, a Sergeant in the Quartermaster Corps of the National Army, is stationed at the Raritan River Ordnance Depot, Metuchen, N. J.

Henry A. Colver, who was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps on February 26, is temporarily stationed at Scott Field, Belleville, Ill., with the 261st Aero Squadron. His training was received at Kelly Field and at the School of Military Aeronautics at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Alexander A. Gay went to Camp Devens in October as a Private. He is now a Supply Sergeant in the 301st Trench Mortar Battery.

Harold P. Geib is abroad as a Private in one of the Engineer Service Battalions. He may be addressed in care of the American Expeditionary Forces, Army Post Office 701.

J. Sterling Deans, Jr., was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the Ordnance Officers' Reserve Corps last October and assigned to the Construction Section of the Supply Division. He is at present in charge of the design of all railroad and dock work and assistant in charge of all civil engineering work for the Ordnance Depots in the United States. He makes his headquarters in Washington.

John A. Peterson is a Private in the 31st

Company, 8th Battalion, Depot Brigade, at Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass.

At the close of the second Reserve Officers' Training Camp at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., J. Herman Ruge was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the Coast Artillery Officers' Reserve Corps with assignment to the Coast Defenses of Tampa, Fla. Mail will reach him if sent to Fort Dade, Fla.

1st Lieut. McNeal Swasey, ex-'12 S., is stationed at Camp Upton, N. Y., with the 307th Infantry. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Infantry Section of the Officers' Reserve Corps on August 15, 1917, and appointed to his present rank in the National Army on January 1.

1st Lieut. William T. Gilbert, Inf., O. R. C., is at present at Fort Sill, Okla.

'12 F.

Capt. Keller E. Lockey, ex-'12 F., of the 67th Company, 5th Regiment, U. S. Marine Corps, is assigned to the U. S. Debarkation Office in England.

'12 M.

Dr. Abraham B. Gross has recently been commissioned a First Lieutenant in the Officers' Reserve Corps.

'13

John Mason Tilney has been commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps. He is stationed at Everman Field No. 2, Fort Worth, Texas.

Lieut. Carroll C. Carstairs, of the Grenadier Guards, was in the battle of Loos in 1915, the Somme campaign in 1916, the Ypres campaign in 1917, and the battle of Cambrai. He was awarded the Military Cross at Cambrai.

G. Bedford Brown, Jr., who enlisted in the Medical Reserve last November, was commissioned as a First Lieutenant in the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps in January and assigned to Johns Hopkins Hospital.

1st Lieut. Vincent L. Keating, Inf., O. R. C., who is now in France on unauthorized duty, is attending the 2d Corps Army School. He may be addressed in care of the Yale Bureau in Paris, 8, Rue de Richelle.

Ralph C. Taylor enlisted in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force on April 15, 1917, and was at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station from August 28, 1917, to February 1. He was commissioned an Ensign in the Naval Reserve on January 28 and is now at Annapolis taking further training.

Edward T. Brown is a member of Company F at the Officers' Training Camp at Camp Lewis, Wash.

2d Lieut. Arthur Bailly-Blanchard, Q. M. C., is stationed at the Office of the Depot Quartermaster in Washington, D. C.

Linn V. Reed was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps late last summer and attended the U. S. Army School of Roentgenology in New York City from October 1 to December 31, 1917. He is now assigned to the Aviation Section, Signal Corps, and stationed at the Post Hospital, Chanute Field, Rantoul, Ill., as Roentgenologist.

William Otis Waters, Jr., received a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the 15th New York Infantry on May 11, 1917. He had previously been a member of the 1st Motor Battery of the New York National Guard.

Ensign Ambrose C. Cramer is attached to the U. S. Naval Aviation Headquarters in Paris.

W. Parker Seeley enlisted as a Flying Cadet in the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps on December 20, 1917. He has recently reported for instruction at Princeton, N. J.

Auguste J. Cordier now ranks as a First Lieutenant in the 77th Division of the National Army, stationed at Camp Upton, N. Y.

1st Lieut. Thornton C. Thayer, who for the past eight weeks has been connected with the Yale Reserve Training Corps, as an Instructor of Field Artillery, has been ordered to his original Regiment, the 305th Field Artillery, at Camp Upton, N. Y.

'13 S.

Harold S. Warren enlisted in the Navy on January 1 and is now stationed at Pelham Bay Park, N. Y.

Edward E. Eyre was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Officers' Reserve Corps on February 22 and assigned to Taliaferro Field, Fort Worth, Texas. He attended the School for Adjutants at Ohio State University for several weeks.

C. Edwin Booth is a Production Engineer in the Signal Corps and is stationed at Dayton, Ohio.

Louis S. Davidson and Albert V. Hall were appointed Ensigns for temporary service in the Regular Navy on February 1 after sixteen weeks' training at Annapolis. They formerly held commissions as Ensigns in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force.

Mail will reach 1st Lieut. John A. C. Stevenson, O. O. R. C., if sent to 1915 N Street, Washington, D. C.

'14

Sidney J. Scudder has been an Inspector of Aeroplanes and Aeroplane Engines in the New York District Equipment Office of the Signal Corps since February 20.

George W. Patterson Jr., is the Chef of the Americans at one of the French Field Artillery Schools of Instruction.

Lindsay Bradford and Clement M. Gile were commissioned Ensigns (temporary) in the Regular Navy on February 1. They had been in training at Annapolis for sixteen weeks.

Coleman B. McGovern has entered the service of the Navy.

Russell Frost, Jr., who enlisted as a First Class Yeoman in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force on August 7, 1917, was promoted to be a Chief Yeoman in January and assigned to the Inspection Force as Resident Cost Inspector for the 3d District.

'14 S.

George G. Titzell, Jr., completed his course at the Ground School at Cornell University on February 2 and a week later was transferred to Dallas, Texas. He is now a Flying Cadet at the Aviation Concentration Camp at Camp Dick, awaiting a call to the Flying School.

Jonathan Hunt is a Second Lieutenant in the 1st Field Artillery, stationed at Fort Sill, Okla.

On November 27, 1917, 1st Lieut. Paul Roberts' commission was transferred from the Cavalry Section of the Officers' Reserve Corps to the Field Artillery Section of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Roberts is attached to the 331st Field Artillery at Camp Grant, Ill.

Lieut. Arthur E. Bateman may be addressed at 1908 H Street, Washington, D. C.

Ensign Robert B. Meyer, U. S. N. R. F., is aboard the U. S. S. Cythera and may be

682

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

March 22

Ensign John F. Kelsey, U. S. N. R. F., is attending the Reserve Officers' Instruction School at the Naval Academy at Annapolis.

Nelson B. Cooper, who enlisted in the 2d Field Artillery, Minnesota National Guard, on September 13, 1917, was promoted to be a Battalion Sergeant Major on January 26.

'14 Ph.D.

Norman R. Blatherwick has recently been promoted from a First Lieutenant to a Captain in the Food Division of the Sanitary Corps of the National Army.

'15

Capt. Alexander B. Royce, of the 320th Field Artillery, is serving as an Instructor at the third Officers' Training School at Camp Gordon, Ga.

At the completion of a course of training at the Officer Material School of the Naval Auxiliary Reserve at Pelham Bay Park, N. Y., Clifford L. McIntyre was commissioned an Ensign in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force and detailed as an Instructor in navigation and regulations at this School.

1st Lieut. Arthur F. Tuttle, of the 332d Field Artillery, which is stationed at Camp Grant, Ill., is on detached service at Fort Sill, Okla.

2d Lieut. Richard H. Wilmer, C. A. O. R. C., is serving as Assistant Adjutant of the Coast Defenses of Balboa and may be addressed at Fort Amador, Canal Zone. He received his commission on November 27, 1917.

Colles J. Coe was promoted several months ago from a Second to a First Lieutenant in the 304th Field Artillery. This Regiment is at Camp Upton, N. Y.

'15 S.

Edward L. Mayer was promoted to be a First Lieutenant in the Quartermaster Corps of the National Army on February 15. He is stationed at New Orleans, La., with the Depot Quartermaster.

Walter J. Stauffer, ex-'15 S., is stationed at Camp Beauregard, Alexandria, La., as Captain of Battery C of the 141st Field Artillery.

The address of Myron C. Wick, Jr., a Sergeant in the Federal Ambulance Service, is S. S. U. 15, Convois Automobiles, par B. C. M., Paris. He entered the American Ambulance Corps last March and was given the Croix de Guerre by the French Government.

Nathan B. Reynolds, ex-'15 S., is in the Officers' Training School at Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

William S. Snead is serving as an Inspector of Airplanes and Airplane Engines for the Signal Corps.

Robert J. Mailhouse has been transferred from the Boston Navy Yard to the Bremerton Navy Yard in Washington. He is a Machinist's Mate, First Class, in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force.

Sheldon E. Hoadley was promoted a few months ago to be a First Lieutenant. He is stationed at Camp Upton, N. Y.

Herman Schram is now a Flying Cadet in the Aviation School at Rich Field, Waco, Texas.

Thomas Ash, Jr., ex-'15 S., enlisted in the Aviation Service on July 13, 1917, and in August entered the Ground School at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He

graduated from there on October 6 and three weeks later sailed for France. He may be addressed in care of the American Expeditionary Forces. His rank is that of a Lieutenant.

2d Lieut. Frederick W. Look is at present located in Omaha, Nebr., where he is studying military mapping.

Clifford H. Smith is a Private in the Headquarters Company of the 504th Engineer Service Battalion.

'16

According to a casualty list published on March 17, 2d Lieut. Warren A. Ransom has been slightly wounded, presumably during action in France.

On February 1, at the conclusion of a course of training for Reserve Officers at Annapolis, Charles D. Dickey, Jr., and Foster M. Hampton were given commissions as Ensigns (temporary) in the Regular Navy.

Capt. Reginald Field, for the past eight weeks Commandant of the Yale Reserve Officers' Training Corps, has rejoined his Regiment, the 152d Field Artillery, at Camp Upton, N. Y.

Frederick J. Manning is a Corporal in the Headquarters Company of the 302d Field Artillery, stationed at Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass. He enlisted on December 13, 1917, and was promoted to be a First Class Private a month later and raised to his present rank on March 1.

On January 1, 2d Lieut. Daniel Willard, Jr., who had been attending a French Field Artillery School of Instruction, was assigned to the 102d Field Artillery.

Alan C. Smith, a Second Class Electrician (Radio) in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force, is stationed at the Radio School at the Pelham Bay Station, N. Y.

John W. Smith is now at Camp Sherman, Chillicothe, Ohio, as a Private in the Headquarters Company of the 324th Heavy Field Artillery.

On January 22, Philip D. Armour, ex-'16, entered the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps and was assigned to the School of Military Aeronautics at Columbus, Ohio.

Paul S. Phenix enlisted as a Private, First Class, in the Aviation Section of the Signal Enlisted Reserve Corps on December 27, 1917.

2d Lieut. Ralph L. Roll, Inf., O. R. C., is serving with the 9th Company, 3d Training Battalion of the 158th Depot Brigade. He received his commission last August.

Adam L. Gimbel, ex-'16, is stationed at Camp Joseph E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla., as a Private in the Quartermaster Corps of the Regular Army.

'16 S.

Rowland G. Freeman, Jr., received his Commission as a Second Lieutenant at the first Plattsburg Camp and is now stationed with the 306th Field Artillery at Camp Upton, Long Island.

John Reynolds, ex-'16 S., is attending the Officers' Training School at Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

Robert A. Cummings, Jr., holds a commission as a Lieutenant (Junior Grade) in the Engineer Corps. He is stationed at one of the Naval Stations.

Lieut. Corwin Wickersham is with the 4th Field Artillery at Camp Shelby, Miss.

Ernest G. Brown, who enlisted as a Private in the Ordnance Corps of the National Army on February 20, is at present stationed at Washington in the Methods and

Organization Section, Control Bureau, Office of the Chief of Ordnance.

On March 1, 2d Lieut. Harold O. Reif, Q. M. C., N. A., was put in command of the 1st Provisional Butchery Company at Camp Joseph E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla.

1st Lieut. Ralph M. Warner, O. O. R. C., is an Inspector of Ordnance at the Bridgeport (Conn.) Works of the Union Metallic Cartridge Company. His address is Box 16, Y. M. C. A., 833 Main Street, Bridgeport, Conn.

1st Lieut. Beverley V. Thompson, ex-'16 S., of the Signal Corps, is now instructing at Gerstern Field, Lake Charles, La.

'16 D.

Albert G. Perkins, ex-'16 D., went abroad in the fall as a member of Section 85 of the Federal Ambulance Service.

'17

Robert S. Stoddart has been promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant in the 313th Machine Gun Battalion, which Battalion is attached to the 159th Infantry Brigade at Camp Lee, Petersburg, Va.

Capt. Samuel S. Duryee, O. R. C., was sent some time ago from Camp Devens to Fort Sill, Okla.

Kenneth O'Brien, of the 306th Field Artillery, has been promoted to be a First Lieutenant. His Regiment is stationed at Camp Upton, N. Y.

Harry G. Anderson, Jr., Russell S. Bartlett, Henry E. Coe, Jr., Oliver B. Jennings, and Henry C. Taylor were among the Yale men who were appointed Ensigns for temporary service in the Regular Navy on February 1 after a sixteen weeks' course of training at Annapolis.

1st Lieut. Thomas H. Ward, ex-'17, went abroad with an Infantry Regiment in June and after drilling all summer entered the trenches in the fall. In November, he was temporarily attached to Aviation for Flying Instruction.

2d Lieut. Percival G. Hart of the 332d Field Artillery, is at the School for Aerial Observers at Fort Sill, Okla.

Edward L. Davis was promoted from a Second Lieutenancy of Field Artillery in the Officers' Reserve Corps to be a First Lieutenant in the National Army on January 24. He has recently been ordered to the School of Fire at Fort Sill, Okla. His Regiment, the 312th Field Artillery, is stationed at Camp Meade, Md.

Dan Mather, Jr., is a Gunner's Mate, Second Class, now on the U. S. S. Siwash, Scout Patrol No. 12, is expecting to be transferred to Naval Aviation very shortly.

Capt. Henry N. Mallon, F. A., has for some time been at Fort Sill, Okla.

Louis Bennett, Jr., who was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the British Royal Flying Corps in January, arrived in England about February 19. He may be addressed in care of Messrs. Cox & Company, 16 Charing Cross, London, S. W. Bennett's training was received at Camp Borden and elsewhere in Canada and at Fort Worth, Texas.

William E. Mueller has enlisted in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force and may be addressed at the Municipal Pier, Door 71, Chicago, Ill.

Benjamin M. Thomas was commissioned an Ensign in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force on February 11, and assigned to duty afloat with the Atlantic Fleet.

The present address of Lieut. Roswell H. Fuller, A. S., S. O. R. C., ex-'17, is Aviation

1918

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

683

tion Section, Lines of Communication,
American Expeditionary Forces.

'17 S.

Ensign Raymond B. Searle, U. S. N. R. F.,
is now acting as an Instructor in the Navy
Gas Engine School at Columbia University.

L. Corrin Strong may be addressed as
follows: Headquarters, American Expe-
ditionary Forces, Lines of Communication,
Corps of Engineers, Forestry Section,
France.

Richard Rollins, who now holds a com-
mission as a Second Lieutenant (Reserve
Military Aviator), is stationed at Camp
Dick, Dallas, Texas. His training was re-
ceived at Cambridge, Mass., and at Kelly
Field, San Antonio, Texas.

2d Lieut. Lyman B. Bunnell has finished
his course at the Quartermaster School at
Camp Joseph E. Johnston, Jacksonville,
Fla., and has been transferred to Camp
Wheeler. His present address is Motor
Supply Train, Division 31, Camp Wheeler,
Ga.

(Undergraduate)

1918

Word has just been received of the death
from heart failure of Sergeant Holmes
Mallory of the Army Intelligence Police.

Capt. Stanley Hawks, of the 338th Field
Artillery, stationed at Camp Dodge, is at-
tending the School of Fire for Field Artil-
ery at Fort Sill.

Coleman T. Clark has finished his course
at a French Artillery School and has re-
ceived his aspirants commission with the
French Army. While serving in the Ameri-
can Ambulance, Clark was decorated with
the Croix de Guerre.

John P. Wiser, who was commissioned as
a Sub-Lieutenant in the Motor Boat Patrol
Service of the British Navy in 1916, was
promoted to a full Lieutenancy in Novem-
ber, 1917.

Frederick L. Johnson is a Private at-
tached to Army Base Hospital No. 1.

1918 S.

Harry H. Jackson, Jr., is a Second Lieu-
tenant in the 27th Aero Squadron of the
Signal Corps. The members of this Unit
received their training under the Royal Fly-
ing Corps at Fort Worth, Texas. Jackson
may be addressed in care of the American
Expeditionary Forces.

1919

Clarence Stanley passed his examinations
for the Flying Corps some time ago.

Lieut. Howard G. Park is stationed at
Camp Lewis, American Lake, Wash., with
the 347th Field Artillery. He attended the
first Reserve Officers' Training Camp at
the Presidio of San Francisco.

Lieut. Allan W. Douglass, F. A., O. R. C.,
is stationed at Camp Devens, Mass.

Ensign Francis Goodwin, 2d, U. S.
N. R. F., is at the Reserve Officers' Train-
ing School at Pelham Bay Park, N. Y.

Benjamin Y. Brewster is in the third
Officers' Training Camp at Camp Devens,
Ayer, Mass.

1919 S.

Ensign James H. Burton, Jr., U. S.
N. R. F. C., is stationed at the Naval Air
School at Bay Shore, N. Y.

1920

2d Lieut. John E. Emerson, F. A., O. R. C.,
may be addressed at Army Post Office 718,
American Expeditionary Forces.

TWO 1918 MEN WHO ARE FLYING ABROAD
Arthur L. Gates (to left), now Lieutenant (J. G.), and Samuel S. Walker, now Ensign,
just returning from a flight at Huntington, Long Island

Thomas E. Colleton, who enlisted in the
Aviation Service some time ago, is now lo-
cated at Love Field, Dallas, Texas.

1st Lieut. Stuart W. Kellogg is now as-
signed to Company B of the 2d Balloon
Squadron and may be addressed in care of
the American Expeditionary Forces.

Governmental and Civil

'66

Henry T. Rogers is serving as Chairman
of the Legal Advisory Board for Division
No. 3 in Denver, Colo.

'70

Charles McC. Reeve is a member of the
Board of Directors of the National Asso-
ciation for Universal Military Training, of
which Gen. S. B. M. Young, U. S. A., is
President, and he is also a member of the
Board of Directors of the Minneapolis
Branch of the National Security League,
Chairman of the Minneapolis Committee of
Safety, and a Director and member of the
Executive Committee of the Boy Scouts in
that city.

'84

James W. Cain has been appointed Fed-
eral Food Administrator for Kent County,
Maryland, and is also County Chairman of
the Four-Minute Men. His son, Edward
(Washington College 1918), has volun-
teered for the Aviation Section of the Sig-
nal Corps.

'90

A. Garrison McClintock entered the Office
of Naval Intelligence on October 1, 1917.
His address is 1227 Nineteenth Street,
Washington, D. C.

'92

L. Winfield Marshall, who is a Construct-
ing Engineer in the Ordnance Department,
may be addressed in care of Stone &
Webster, Headquarters, Lines of Communi-

cations, American Expeditionary Forces,
France.

'95 S.

Henry P. McQuaid is a Y. M. C. A.
Secretary in France and may be addressed
at 12, Rue d'Aguesseau, Paris.

'96

Charles Collins, of Allen & Collins, archi-
tects of Boston, is giving about half of his
time as Designer and Inspector of Con-
struction for the Recruiting Service of the
U. S. Shipping Board. His service for the
Government, which is given without re-
muneration, consists in planning and super-
intending the work of turning a group of
steamers into training ships for over 20,000
or more sailors who are now being recruited
to man the merchant vessels under con-
struction by the Shipping Board.

Judge William H. Wadhams, who is a
member of the Executive Committee of the
League to Enforce Peace, has sailed, with
Hamilton Holt, '94, as a guest of the Brit-
ish Government for a tour of the western
front, with the purpose of securing first
hand information for public use. The trip
will probably occupy three months, during
which time Judge Wadhams' associates on
the bench have arranged to care for his
judicial work.

'97

Rev. Murray S. Howland sailed on March
1 for service overseas under the War Work
Council of the Y. M. C. A. His address is
31, Avenue Montaigne, Paris, France.
Earlier in the year, Howland spent some
time in Y. M. C. A. work in the Camps and
Cantonments of the South.

'95

Crosby B. Spinney, who served as Assist-
ant Business Manager in the Christmas
Membership Red Cross Drive, is Associate
Secretary for the second War Fund Cam-
paign of the Red Cross. He is at present
in Washington.

684

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

March 22

## Henry Parks Wright, '68

### Death of Former Dean of the College Occurred in New Haven on March 17

ONE of the most familiar members of the Yale family was lost in the death on March 17 of Henry Parks Wright. He died of infirmities incident to his age at his New Haven home on York Street, where many a class at Commencement time has presented itself to hear a few words from Dean Wright. The esteem in which he was held by successive Yale generations was perhaps given its best expression in the erection of Wright Memorial Dormitory as a tribute from his many Yale friends.

Henry Parks Wright began his official connection with Yale College soon after his graduation. Having taught for a year and a half at the Chickering Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, he became a tutor in Greek and Latin in the College in 1870. He was made assistant professor of Latin at the expiration of the year 1870-71, and from 1876, eight years after his graduation, until his retirement in 1909 held the Dunham Professorship of Latin.

### DEAN OF THE COLLEGE

But it was as Dean of Yale College that he rendered his most conspicuous service. Informally inducted into that newly-created office in 1884, he soon became an important factor in the student life of the place. His methods of helping undergraduates in the solution of their various problems are too well remembered by innumerable beneficiaries to require recital in this place. When in 1909, at the end of twenty-five years of notable service, he sought a well-earned and needed retirement, he was presented with a silver medal by the College Faculty. Wright Hall came later, the result of subscriptions from former pupils.

The son of Parks and Relief Willard (Woolley) Wright, whose deaths occurred while he was a small child, Henry Parks Wright was born in Winchester, N. H., on November 30, 1839. After his parents died, he lived with his grandmother in Oakham, Mass., teaching in the district schools there at one time. He prepared for Yale at Phillips-Andover and under the tutelage of the Rev. Dr. Francis N. Peloubet of Oakham.

### SERVICE DURING CIVIL WAR

His education was interrupted, however, by the call to enlist in the Civil War. He did not hesitate over the choice. In August,

1862, he enlisted in Company F, Fifty-first Massachusetts Infantry. He was appointed Sergeant on November 4, 1862, and was clerk of Company F, being detailed to serve as Assistant Quartermaster when that company was on picket or provost duty. He served with his regiment until it was mustered out on July 27, 1863.

Notwithstanding this interruption and financial difficulties, the veteran of the Civil War entered Yale College in the fall of 1864 and during his course established a record for high scholarship which went unchallenged for a quarter of a century. He was therefore Valedictorian of his Class and one of the Commencement speakers. His college honors included membership in Delta Kappa, Delta Beta Xi, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Skull and Bones, and Phi Beta Kappa. He served on the Junior Promenade and Class Picture committees. He held the Hurlbut Scholarship in his Freshman year; received two second prizes in English composition and a third prize in declamation in Sophomore year, and a first prize in English composition in Senior year, and as a Junior delivered a Latin Oration. Yale granted him the degree of Ph.D. in 1876, and Union College conferred the degree of LL.D. upon him in 1895. From April, 1877, to August, 1878, he studied at the University of Göttingen and in Berlin.

Professor Wright was married on July 7, 1874, in Oakham, Mass., to Martha Elizabeth Burt (Oread Collegiate Institute 1871), the daughter of Alfred Ely and Elizabeth (Lincoln) Burt. Their children were: Alice Lincoln (B.A. Wellesley 1897, Ph.D. Yale 1901); Henry Burt (B.A. 1898, Ph.D. 1903); Alfred Parks (born January 5, 1880; died May 20, 1901, while in his Senior year at Yale), and Ellsworth.

He was a member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philological Association, the Archæological Institute of America, the American Historical Association, the New Haven Colony Historical Society, the New England Historic Genealogical Society, the New Haven Graduates Club, the Yale Alumni Association of New Haven, and the Yale Club of New York City, being an honorary member of the last-named. He was a trustee of the Connecticut College for Women, and since 1886 of the Hopkins Grammar School, and was also for a few years a trustee of the Mount Hermon School for Boys. He was one of the founders of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society, being a member of its executive committee until 1911, when he resigned, and being for two years its president, and was a founder of the Yale Cooperative Corporation and its first president.

Dean Wright was the author of the following works: "Satires of Juvenal" (1901); "Fobes Memorial Library, Oakham, Mass." (with two historical addresses) (1909); "The Early Grammar Schools of New England" (an address before the graduating class of Hopkins Grammar School upon its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary) (1910); "From School Through College" (1911); "Independence Day in 1797" (1911); "Soldiers of Oakham, Mass." (1914). He also made an address at the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the town of Oakham's incorporation.

Since 1871, he had served faithfully and effectively as Secretary of the Class of 1868.

Simple ceremony marked the funeral services in Battell Chapel on Wednesday, at noon.

### TRIBUTES TO HIS MEMORY

President Hadley made the following statement for publication regarding Dean Wright:

He was a brilliant scholar, and an able teacher; but he was even more remarkable as a man. It is my good fortune to have been one of his pupils, and I remember gratefully his many acts of personal kindness. It was a pleasure to attend his classes; it was an even greater pleasure to spend an hour in his room. Forty years ago, when the line which separated professor and student was more sharply drawn than at present, Professor Wright was one of the few members of the Faculty to whom the students habitually went for sympathy and companionship.

This quality of personal sympathy was invaluable to him in his work as Dean. He had instinctive understanding of men at every age. The boys told him the truth—partly because it was of no use to tell him anything else, still more because he understood human nature, knew how to make allowances, and was kind in his judgment and warm in his affections even when he was most

(Supplement to THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY, March 22, 1918)

# The Year at Ya-li

## Changsha Upset by Rebellion but Yale Group Found Ways to Help

I. The College of Medicine in Central China
By Dr. E. H. Hume, '97

II. Ya-li and the Prison Camps
By Harold V. Smith, '12

III. Forestry and Yale in China
By F. L. Chang, '13 S. and '15 F.

IV. The Treasurer's Job
By Dickson H. Leavens, '09

I

### The College of Medicine in Central China

IMAGINE a province whose population numbers many millions, which has always had a reputation for the personal vigor of its people as well as for its high valuation of education; and yet, removed from broad human contact by walls of pride and by lack of facilities for communication with the provinces outside; and you can readily visualize what a tremendous social force the Hunan-Yale Medical College is proving itself. For, within the student body of fifty, half are Hunanese and half are from "down river"; that is, from provinces on or nearer the coast. The Hunan men are in their home surroundings here in Changsha and, almost to a man, are good Chinese scholars. The down-river men, on the other hand, have had more training in English and are usually better along in science. Put the two groups together, with that intimacy of contact that a residential college affords, and the result is—power!

Within a few weeks after the opening of the college year in September, representatives of the two classes in the College, as well as of the two preparatory classes, reported to the Dean that each class had formed a class union with officers and plan of activities; and that, in addition, a student union of the entire student body had been formed, which desired privileges in the matter of supervising discipline and hygiene. Their plan was approved and is one of the signal events of the year. The cooks and other college servants are under supervision of the Committee on Hygiene, with a definite schedule of rewards or penalties. At the end of the first month, three servants were rewarded by a small bonus over their salary and three others were penalized. The offences consist in uncleanliness of person or clothing, careless cooking, etc. On the side of discipline, powers are given to the Committee on Discipline, making its members responsible for the keeping of hours and for good behavior, at certain times.

One truth has been grasped by the medical student body; namely, that in addition to preparing themselves for efficient medical service they must prepare people to receive and welcome the ministrations of modern medicine. Once a week a band of students goes out to lecture on hygiene, the audiences gathering in one or another chapel or other hall throughout the city. Recently a unique opportunity for service of this type occurred, when, after a military conflict between the northern and southern armies in this vicinity, over eight thousand northern troops were taken prisoners and interned. Regular talks on personal cleanliness are given among these prisoners, while another group has given religious addresses. In both these directions the work of the medical students has taken place side by side with that of the Ya-li arts students.

Still another important service by the medical students is the preparation of material for the newspapers of the city. Some of the articles are translations, among these being the recent series published in the *Journal of the American Medical Association on the Prophylaxis of Social Disease*. Other articles are written by

A VIEW OF THE YA-LI CAMPUS

The long building at the left is a recitation hall (built at a cost of $5,000). Athletic field and Chapel may be seen to the right, and teachers' residences to the left.

THE YEAR AT YA-LI

2

E. H. HUME, '97

## II

### Ya-li and the Prison Camps

FOR the past four weeks Changsha has been faced with a situation unique in Chinese history. The day following the panic and flight of the 25,000 northern soldiers, the victorious southern troops arrived with over 7,000 northerners who had surrendered south of the city. After giving up their arms and all their possessions, they were herded out into the North Gate Suburb, and quartered in temples and barracks near the Ya-li Campus. They presented a pitiful spectacle as they arrived, ragged and dirty, and exhausted from fighting, marching and three days without food. The problem of caring for this large body of men was thrust upon a community with no existing government in power, and a public disorganized by several days' fear of looting and destruction. Furthermore, there was no precedent to guide its actions, for there is no other case on record where a large number of soldiers have been held as prisoners.

The acute question immediately arose as to what should be done with these men. They were too exhausted to march any distance from the city, and it was feared that if they were allowed to leave they would loot the country en route and later join their fleeing comrades and possibly return and fight. It seemed better to the authorities to hold them than to let them go, though there was no suitable place to house them. The situation was being hourly complicated by the arrival of several thousand southern troops, who were leaderless, and wandering about the city firing indiscriminately. There was a very real danger that they would attack the unarmed prisoners, who lacked even police protection, for the latter had been attacked and dispersed by the southerners in revenge for some supposed injury.

At this juncture a number of missionaries of the type ever ready to help in time of danger and trouble, took upon their shoulders the task of protecting the prisoners, and for the next three days and nights they stood guard outside the camps until the southern generals guaranteed the safety of the northerners. During this time the presence of these quiet, unarmed but tactful and determined foreigners was the only force that saved many prisoners from death. For the first two days public feeling was against this befriending of the "enemy," but gradually the point of view changed as the disinterested act of the missionaries was seen in its true light, and as the public recognized that the reputation of the city was being saved.

The presence of the interned prisoners, especially the thousand or more in the barracks across the road from our school, has naturally aroused the interest and sympathy of the Ya-li student body. The surroundings and condition of the prisoners is exceedingly bad. They are without possessions of any kind except the clothes they are wearing, there are no facilities for washing, and they are covered with dirt and vermin. There are about thirty men to a room, and in lieu of bedding, straw has been spread on the mud floors and the men lie on that, the poorly ventilated rooms and the crowded conditions helping the men to keep warm as the cold weather approaches. The Ya-li students held a meeting to discuss what they could do to relieve the prisoners. Since the majority have families dependent upon them it was felt that the students could do nothing which would be more appreciated than writing a message to each family, telling of the safety of its head. After nearly a week of delay, permission was granted and the necessary passes given out so that the students could begin the work of getting the names and addresses of the families of the 7,000 prisoners. For the past two weeks, delegations of Ya-li students have daily visited each of the five prison camps, and have written nearly 3,000 letters to date. The students themselves have assumed the responsibility of carrying on this work. Their task is neither easy nor pleasant, and they are handicapped by the differences in dialect which frequently make it impossible for them to understand the men they are seeking to aid. But they have shown perseverance and a commendable spirit in performing this unique service.

Where large numbers of men are crowded together, as they are in these camps, it is a very difficult matter to provide for adequate sanitation, and especially in China. The students of the Medical School have been doing a fine work giving hygiene lectures and doing all in their power to improve the living conditions. The reader may try, if he wishes, to picture an ancient temple suddenly called upon to house over half a thousand men, and he will immediately recognize the serious danger of sickness or plague under such conditions. The preventative and first aid work that

THE YEAR AT YA-LI

3

HAROLD V. SMITH, '12

### III

## Forestry and Yale in China

A STAUNCH FRIEND OF YA-LI

4

THE YEAR AT YA-LI

forestry under the Yale auspices. First of all the Hunanese people do realize the importance of forestry and are willing to give every assistance as soon as their government becomes a little more stable. Geographically this is one of the best places for a forest school because there are still some forests left in the western and southern parts of this province which are some of the few remaining forests in China at large. Traditionally Yale always foresees the needs of the near future and prepares leaders for them. The forestry conditions in China are quite similar to those in the United States prior to 1900, when Professors Pinchot and Graves and others foresaw the needs of America for teachers and experts in forestry and finally succeeded in establishing the Yale Forest School in New Haven. To-day Yale men are playing the leading rôle in American forestry.

Yale men have always been foremost to respond to the call of their country. To-day there is a call to Yale men from a sister republic for both moral and financial aid in a definite line of service of establishing a school of forestry under the work of Yale in China at Changsha. Will Yale men respond to this call?

F. L. CHANG, '13 S. AND '15 F.

## IV

### The Treasurer's Job

THE Treasurer of the Yale Mission handles the salaries of the foreign staff and other remittances made from America for current expenses, building, land purchases, etc. Building funds are expended by the Supervising Architect's Office, the Treasurer having general supervision of the accounts. For the Medical Department, there is a separate business manager.

At present the salaries, house accommodations, etc., of the foreign or foreign-trained staff of the Academic Department are all met from America; in the Medical Department, they are largely so met, with the exception of two or three whose salaries are provided from special income on the field. The other running expenses of the Academic Department are almost entirely covered by receipts from tuitions, with a small balance provided by New Haven. The running expenses of the Medical Department are provided for by an annual grant of $50,000 local currency from the Provincial Government.

The multiplicity of currencies in China is the despair of the newcomer, and involves many accounting problems not met with at home. The books of the Yale Mission are kept in Mexican dollars, but several other currencies have to be recorded in various transactions. Bank accounts are kept in Gold dollars; Shanghai Taels (the Tael is a Chinese ounce of silver bullion, and is a common money of account, though seldom coined); Hankow

Taels, Shanghai Dollars, and Hankow Dollars. Locally there are "clean" dollars (bright silver dollars without the slightest scratch on them); "chopped" dollars (dollars which have been marked with a metal punch, with somewhat the same idea as we endorse a check; but as the chop may remove an infinitesimal portion of silver, these are at a discount compared to clean ones); paper dollars issued by the Provincial Government Bank, which until recently have been near par, but now have depreciated to about 80% of their face value; "cash" notes, representing the gradually disappearing copper "cash," but worth only about 40% of their nominal value; and tael notes, which have gotten down to below 15% of their face. All these currencies have constantly and often widely fluctuating exchange rates *inter se*, though Shanghai and Hankow dollar cheques are usually about equivalent to clean dollars locally.

The constant fluctuation in exchange rates necessitates the opening of an Exchange account. Each large transaction, so far as possible, has its exchange settled individually; for miscellaneous smaller items, book rates are used, adjusted from time to time as necessary, and small losses or gains are debited or credited to the exchange account.

The absence of reliable banking facilities locally makes it necessary to handle large quantities of actual currency, so that usually several hundred dollars are kept in the safe. The semi-annual receipts of tuitions and the monthly expenses of the school are handled by the Chinese assistant dean, who renders accounts monthly to the Treasurer. In the Architect's office, which during the last three years has handled many tens of thousands of dollars in cash, there is a Chinese "shroff" who counts and examines all money received, hunting for counterfeits and for slight scratches which prevent silver dollars from passing as "clean"; makes payments, and keeps a cash book in Chinese which is translated into English for posting. In the Hospital there is a staff of several Chinese assistants under Mr. Dunham to handle the multifarious accounts that have to be kept there, including those of the Pharmacy, which does a large retail business among the foreign and Chinese community.

At present, we are faced with two serious difficulties owing to exchange. First, owing to the large demand for silver for coinage all over the world, the price has gone up during the last year and a half to levels almost twice as high as the average of the first ten years of the Yale Mission's life. This means that one dollar gold, which formerly changed for an average of $2.15 to $2.25 Mexican, and sometimes even $2.50, now brings only about $1.35 Mexican. The expenses of the Academic Department being largely and those of the Medical Department entirely met by local receipts, are not much affected by this; but it has very seriously affected the salaries of the individual members of the staff, as they are all provided in gold. Salaries which in the days of good exchange were ample for comfortable and efficient living have thus been reduced about one-third; and when the increased living costs of the last two years, including rise in prices of food, coal, and other local commodities, and high costs and freights on all imported articles are considered, the salaries of the Yale men on the field have been cut in two as regards purchasing power.

It is now practically impossible out of the salary to provide for actual living expenses; and there is absolutely no margin left for books, periodicals, and all the other things that are almost necessities for the maintenance of intellectual and practical efficiency at this distance from the libraries and other agencies which in a measure provide such things for the faculties of colleges at home. Most members of the Mission are being forced either to go into debt, or to draw on their savings to meet the present situation. This difficulty has of course met all foreigners in China whose salaries are in gold; and most missionary societies and business firms have undertaken to make up to their employees their loss by exchange from some fixed rate, such as $2.00 or $2.25 Mexican per dollar gold. The provision of funds for this purpose is now one of the greatest needs of the Yale Mission.

The second problem is the depreciation of local paper currency. This depreciation has hitherto been largely in the cash and tael notes, in which we have few dealings.

D. H. LEAVENS, '09

THREE YA-LI ATHLETES
Yale men are successfully fostering a love for sport among the 22,000,000 people of Hunan Province

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unsparing in his condemnation of wrong-doing. He brought out what was best in those with whom he came in contact.

He was profoundly religious, but said little about it. His example counted for so much that there was small need of words. In the twenty-five years during which he filled the difficult office of Dean, I do not believe he ever made an enemy. He was beloved by both Faculty and students. Wright Hall, raised by subscription from among his former pupils, stands as a monument to the affection with which he was regarded. To Yale men of every age and profession, the news of his death will bring a feeling of direct personal loss.

The following tribute to Dean Henry P. Wright has been made by his successor, Dean Frederic S. Jones, '84:

The death of Dean Henry Parks Wright brings sorrow to the hearts of thousands of Yale graduates who knew him as teacher, administrator, and counselor. To few men is granted the privilege of influencing for good all with whom they come in contact; that is what Dean Wright did during his long career at Yale.

The writer remembers with deepest gratitude the many kindesses received at the hands of Professor Wright during trying undergraduate days; he appreciates still more the invaluable assistance and encouragement given by the Dean Emeritus to an inexperienced and diffident successor.

The years that have passed since Dean Wright's retirement have but emphasized his remarkable powers as an administrator and his still more remarkable control over the lives of men. Even upon present undergraduates who never came under his immediate jurisdiction his benign influence through others has never ceased to be exerted.

It is notable that the only memorial erected at Yale by the voluntary contributions of her alumni is Wright Hall—a monument to the man whose beneficent control over successive generations of undergraduates was marked by an ever-increasing affection and veneration. He had power over men because he knew how to touch boys' hearts. Yale mourns the loss of her best beloved.

## The Anglo-Saxon Union

(Introduction of the Archbishop of York in Woolsey Hall, March 13)

By President ARTHUR T. HADLEY

NEVER in its whole history has our country received a visit at once so significant in itself and so full of promise for the future as that which is rendered by our distinguished guest; for he is contributing in large measure to that mutual understanding between nations which is the basis of enduring peace.

Peace can rest on no other basis than international understanding. We must create an international public opinion; a common group of principles and sentiments and aspirations to which all peoples can appeal. Without such a common basis of thought, harmony of action becomes impossible and pacifism a dream, or worse than a dream. Courts of arbitration may be sufficient to settle small questions about which no one wishes to fight; they are powerless to deal with graver differences. Diplomacy may prevent governments from making war on their own account; it cannot prevent nations from making war on each other whether governments will or no. There must be contact, not only between the thought of governments but between the thought of peoples.

And this must be something more than mere intellectual contact. There must be a spiritual contact also. Intellectually Germany knew what England and France and America were doing, and if we did not know what Germany was doing it was our own fault. It lay written in books and magazines for every man to read. What we did not understand was Germany's spiritual attitude; its conceptions of honor and courtesy, or morals and of religion, so strangely different from our own under the veneer of superficial likeness. It was because of these differences that we had to fight; and as long as such spiritual differences between nations continue, so long will armed conflicts between nations be inevitable.

The thought of England and the thought of America have never been wholly foreign to one another. This is the reason why more than a century has elapsed since there has been any armed conflict between the two nations, even though there have been times when the government of either country has given serious

provocation to the other. England's laws, with but slight superficial differences, are our laws. England's God, under slight differences of ecclesiastical form, is the God we worship. But in a time like this we have the opportunity for still closer contact, and still better understanding, than ever before; and it is in this connection that a visit like this assumes its greatest significance. Our guest is a man eminently fitted to bring a message from one nation to another in language which will be understood by both. . . . He is a leader of the church militant to-day, which under God's blessing shall to-morrow be the church triumphant.

## "Trouble as Usual" at Changsha

By JAMES W. WILLIAMS, '08

THE American consul was right when he remarked that Hunan is the Ireland of China. This self-willed province is happy only when it is again the government;—a circumstance that in the past month has brought anxiety to us foreigners, death to a few hundred soldiers and innocent bystanders, and a splendid opportunity for service on the part of our students. For during this past fall all south China has been in rebellion against the grafting generals who hold the semblance of government at Peking; and these generals have tried to hold Hunan by putting some forty thousand soldiers in and about Changsha City. But these Northerners were no match for the troops from the south, who consistently beat them in the country lying southward toward Canton. And so, one fine Sunday morning in November, we waked to the sound of rifle-fire, to look out on a nearby barracks all ablaze, and to see the north roads full of hurrying troops, en route to Hankow. The roads and the Bund along the river were full; the river itself was crowded with soldier-laden junks making their best time northward. A panic had fallen during the night, driving all before a Southern army still forty miles away.

But there was enough shooting that night and during a few days following to flood the Red Cross Hospital, which is in charge of our doctors, with some four hundred wounded, while there were dead scattered through many a by-street and over the fields outside the wall. It was in collecting these wounded and dead that our medical students met their first opportunity for emergency relief. And their first chance, also, to acquire some much-needed anatomical material for the School! They were glad to help with the wounded, but they needed a bit of persuading by our enthusiastic new professor of anatomy, Dr. Crawford, to realize that the bodies of the friendless dead soldiers were a godsend to us! . . . once the plunge was made, they did a thorough job. . . . The climax came when one group of searchers followed up a report that an accident had occurred at a railroad bridge just north of town. Investigation showed that a train had crashed through a detachment of Northerners as they were escaping over a high bridge. Some dozen dead and nearly as many wounded were scattered along the tracks, hanging on the trestle, and lying in the water,—a scene to try the strongest nerves. That little crowd of students learned one lesson right there that has made them ready for future battle, murder or sudden death. Incidentally, our Medical School is just now richer in anatomical material than we would have dared hope. During these troubles the people of Changsha have laid aside their old objection to dissection and their old law forbidding the bringing of bodies into their city.

The Changsha people, however, have never learned to trust their own Chinese soldiers. While the Northerners daily grew more afraid that the Southern army would catch them here, the citizens grew constantly more fearful that their city would be looted before the military finally cleared out. So they sought wildly for flags other than the five-striped Chinese emblem to hang over their doors, in the hope that any looting band would respect a foreign flag. It was amusing to see the Japanese standard, a red circle in a white field, appear as if by magic over many a door where a Jap had never entered.

A four-page supplement to this issue of the ALUMNI WEEKLY is devoted to a brief review of the past year at Ya-li in Changsha.

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March Corporation Meeting

AN important discussion of the courses of naval and military instruction given at the University chiefly occupied the attention of the Yale Corporation at its regular March meeting in New Haven on Monday, March 18. It was announced after the close of this meeting that it had been deemed wise not to reopen the University Commons after the Easter recess. This reveals one of the effects of the War upon the running of the University, the decrease in student enrollment making it financially burdensome to keep the Dining Hall in operation for a small number of boarders.

Gifts reported at the Corporation meeting by the Treasurer included one of $5,000 from Mrs. James Wesley Cooper of Hartford for the establishment of a publication fund in memory of her husband, who graduated from the College in 1865 and who was for over thirty years a member of the Corporation, and another $5,000 gift made in memory of the late William A. Read of New York by his widow, to assist the work of the Yale University Press. Two bequests were also announced, one of $10,000 from the late Samuel J. Elder, '73, for the College, and another of $5,000 from the widow of Amory E. Rowland, '73 S., for the benefit of the Sheffield Scientific School.

The announcement regarding the closing of Commons after the Easter recess was given out after the Corporation meeting by the Treasurer, and was as follows:

In view of the decreased enrollment in all Schools and Departments, the Corporation has voted not to reopen the University Dining Hall after the Easter recess. The plant is so large that it involves a loss to keep it in operation for a small number of regular boarders. The Dwight Hall Grill is able to take care of many more men than it does at present. This and the University Club, together with outside restaurants and boarding houses accessible to students, will be amply sufficient to accommodate our present numbers; and the economy resulting from closing the Dining Hall will be a welcome help in solving the University's problem of War finance.

Assistant Professor Herbert L. Seward, '06 S., and '08 M.E., of the Scientific School Faculty, has been granted leave of absence from his University duties to become head of a new school being organized by the Navy Department to train engineers for the naval service. The leave of absence granted by the Corporation begins on May 1, but Professor Seward will continue in charge of the engineering instruction of the Yale Naval Training Unit for the rest of the year.

Professor Emery Seized by Germans

Word was received last week that Henry Crosby Emery, '00 Hon., formerly Professor of Economics at the University, had been arrested on Friday by the Germans while he was leaving Russia. A formal demand for his release was at once made by the American Embassy, but at our press time no further dispatches had been received. Professor Emery was sent to Russia by the Guaranty Trust Company of New York, and while in Petrograd was commissioned a Major in the United States Reserve, being made a member of the American Military Mission. He was chairman of the Tariff Board under President Taft's administration.

Crew Race With Harvard, June 1

Arrangements have been completed for a crew race with Harvard to be held on Saturday, June 1, all unnecessary expense and publicity to be avoided. The understanding is that each university shall train two crews, which will race each other shortly before the first of June, and the winners will be considered as Varsity crews while the losers will be the Second crews. The place for the race is to be decided a few days beforehand by a toss. The First crews will race on the home course of the side winning the toss and the Second crews will race at the other university. The Freshmen will race on Saturday, May 25, on the same course as the Second Varsity Crew.

If the races are held at New Haven, the course will be on the Housatonic River, while, if they are held at Cambridge, the crews will meet on the Charles River.

The Harvard crew that races here will use a Yale shell with Belgian locks and the Yale crew that races at Cambridge will use a Harvard shell with English thole-pins. Yale will also race Princeton and Pennsylvania this spring.

A reunion of Yale oarsmen is planned for June 1.

The April Yale Review

Twenty-five years ago, some time before the predictions of Bloch, Colonel Emile Mayer, of the French Army, prophesied present war conditions on the Western front. To the April Yale Review he now contributes an article, "The Strategy That Will Win the War," in which he adversely criticises recent military operations and again assumes the rôle of prophet. This time he points out, especially for the American forces, that, while the strongest possible offensive is necessary on the West front, the Allies must win the war by other measures. The difficult position of the Scandinavian neutrals and the means to a better understanding between these nations and the Allies, are discussed in an impressive article by Maurice Francis Egan, who speaks with authority as United States Minister to Denmark. L. P. Jacks, the distinguished English philosopher, contributes an inspiring essay ("Good Temper in the Present Crisis") on the passing of the old order in human affairs and the coming of the new order and better order as a consequence of the war. Professor W. O. Stevens, of the United States Naval Academy, analyses the net result of submarine warfare up to the present time, and interprets it in terms of the winning of the war and the future of our navy. One of the foremost American chemists, Professor Julius Stieglitz of Chicago, recounts for the benefit of the general reader the feats of our chemists at the front and at home, and raises the question whether the war can be won by chemistry alone. American Labor in the war and after the war is the subject of Ordway Tead's striking and timely article, "Labor and Reconstruction."

"The Connaught Rangers" by Miss W. M. Letts, author of the now famous "Spires of Oxford," will undoubtedly be ranked as one of the most beautiful and appealing poems of the war. In quite another manner is the powerful war poem by John Gould Fletcher, "A New Heaven." Alice Corbin's "Litany in the Desert" is a prayer for a new America; and John Jay Chapman's "Retrosection" is a charming poem of childhood memories.

The humor and tenderness of Oliver Wendell Holmes shine again in a group of his letters now first published in Mr. M. A. DeWolfe Howe's "Dr. Holmes, the Friend and Neighbor," which also includes lively sketches from Mrs. James T. Fields's journal of the Boston literary coterie to which Longfellow, Lowell, Holmes, and Fields belonged. "Is the English Language Decadent?" Brander Matthews boldly answers this question with special reference to the so-called "American English." "Robert Browning and Alfred Austin," in which Professor William Lyon Phelps scores heavily against the late Poet Laureate, will appeal strongly to all lovers of modern poetry; while A. Kingsley Porter's stimulating essay on "Art, Caviar, and the General" will be of particular interest to those who keep abreast of modern art. With personal narrative of German diplomatic tactics on the least known of all the war fronts, Persia, the body of the magazine closes. In this article Mr. A. C. Edwards, an English resident of Hamadan, Persia, tells a dramatic story of Germany's daring, but ill-starred attempts to bring Persia and the whole Middle East into the war on the Teuton side.

Professor Charles Seymour's review-article on the "Literature of the Trenches" leads the Book Review section, which concludes with a study of Americanism, in the recent books of Colonel Roosevelt and Mr. Gerard, by Professor Ralph Barton Perry of Harvard. Other works of the year—the autobiographies of Henry James, Hamlin Garland, and Brander Matthews, Colvin's "Keats," Liebknecht's "Militarism," the new life of General Grant, and Bertrand Russell's "Political Ideals"—are reviewed by well-known critics. Readers of the April number will note with satisfaction

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the change in the Book Review section to a larger and clearer type, a change which has been called for by the growing importance of this feature of the magazine.

From first to last, the April YALE REVIEW is devoted primarily to the winning of the war.

## Events in Davao

"As a missionary in this field," writes Julius Smith Augur, '13, from the Philippine Islands, "I am working among the Filipinos on the coast who have had some education in English in the public schools of the Islands and superintending three schools among the pagan tribes who live back in the hills. We shall soon establish two more schools among the Bagobos, one of the most progressive of the pagan peoples in the Islands. I enclose picture of Bagobos among whom we are working and a picture of the Boy Scout troop of Filipino boys in Davao which was taken on the Fourth of July, 1917. 'Yours truly' is at the right of the picture. Picture was taken in front of the house where Mrs. Augur and I are making our home at the present time."

"I suppose the only military value of our work here lies in the fact that the influence of our schools among the wild people is sufficiently felt to help keep the people from outbreaks of murderous tribal customs,—our teacher prevented a murder about two months ago by having the chief bring an offender to court,— and so enabling the country to be policed by a much smaller body of soldiers. Many American officers are leaving here for the States, where they expect to secure commissions in the Army."

## Military Intelligence Bureau Notes

The Yale Branch of the Intercollegiate Intelligence Bureau, 10 Fayerweather Hall, Yale University, announces that Call 4—*Marine Engineer Draftsmen*—has been closed. It also announces the following calls:

*Call 126. Men experienced in Meteorology. Men experienced as Physicists.* Age: Men of draft age preferred. Qualifications: Willingness to be inducted into special enlisted service where they will do scientific work in meteorology or physics. Salary: No promises made; probable that men will become non-commisioned officers at least. Pay at the beginning will be that of an enlisted man, plus allowance for clothing, subsistence, etc. Duties: Men will be sent to a special school for further study before taking up their special duties.

*Supplementary Call 6.* Two or three experienced economists with training in statistical methods and public utility problems are wanted for Government work in Washington and perhaps later

BAGOBOS OF BINATON, DAVAO
These people are about to have a school in their midst

BOY SCOUTS OF DAVAO
Julius S. Augur, '13, may be seen at the right. Some of these Filipino boys are from the so-called "wild tribes"

for field service. Salary: $2000 to $3000. Ph.D. degree required. Preference given to men now giving graduate courses in public utility, industries, municipal finance or municipal administration. Age: 25 to 35, approximately. Men in Class I of the draft will, however, not be considered.

The Yale Military Intelligence Bureau reports the following action taken by the Executive Committee of the Intercollegiate Intelligence Bureau on February 14;

*Voted:* (1) That the Intercollegiate Intelligence Bureau turn over its list of adjutants at the colleges throughout the country and its list of city committees to the War Service Exchange of the War Department, a Division of the Committee on the Classification of Personnel under the Adjutant General of the Army, and that hereafter the Intercollegiate Bureau handle no personnel service calls, (2) That the Intercollegiate Intelligence Bureau also turn over to the War Service Exchange office records of all personnel service calls now open and members of the staff of the Intercollegiate Bureau who are familiar with the work of the Division of Service Calls, (3) That the Intercollegiate Bureau hand over to the Committee on Public Information lists of college adjutants, as requested by this committee, with the understanding that hereafter all inquiries relating to general governmental matters, patriotic propaganda and other information which adjutants may desire for these purposes be referred to the Committee on Public Information.

The definite date arranged for this transfer was March 15. The Yale Military Intelligence Bureau will, therefore, after that date, work under the War Service Exchange, Committee on the Classification of Personnel, War Department.

## University Calendar Events

FRIDAY, MARCH 22

- Trowbridge Lecture, by Mr. Hambidge, on The Root of Greek Design, VII. (Illustrated.) *School of the Fine Arts*, 5:00 P. M.

- Tenth Annual Intercollegiate Triangular Debate. Harvard vs. Yale. Question: Resolved, That the Government in financing the war in the future should obtain a larger percentage of its funds from taxes than from bonds. *Lampson Lyceum*, 8:15 P. M.

SUNDAY, MARCH 24

- Public Worship. Rev. Ernest Graham Guthrie. *Sprague Memorial Hall*, 11:00 A. M.

MONDAY, MARCH 25

- Fourth Whiting Recital. Miss Fernanda Pratt, contralto. Old English and modern French songs. *Sprague Memorial Hall*, 8:15 P. M.

TUESDAY, MARCH 26

- Daniel S. Lamont Memorial Lecture, by Professor Phelps. Room 2, *Lampson Hall*, 7:00 P. M.

1918

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

689

city. Upon the death of the famous Dr. Leonard Bacon, of the Center Congregational Church of New Haven, Conn., he was called to succeed him, continuing there three years. From there he was called to the pastorate of the Union Park Congregational Church, of Chicago, which he served for twenty-two years. At the age of 70, feeling that the Church should have the service of a younger and more active pastor, he resigned. He was greatly beloved by his people, and they reluctantly accepted his resignation, retaining him as pastor emeritus. He, however, continued to preach in prominent churches of Chicago, Oak Park, Evanston, and many Eastern cities, winning high appreciation and fruitful results everywhere.

His nobility of character, high attainments, and conspicuous religious leadership brought him honors and a wide recognition. He received the degree of D.D. from the Western Reserve University in 1872 and that of LL.D. from Oberlin College in 1899. He was Chaplain of the Republican National Convention of 1864, which renominated Abraham Lincoln to be President of the United States. He was a religious leader of such force and vision that many Congregational churches, societies, and institutions owe their existence to him. He was the founder of the Chicago Missionary Society, which has just celebrated its 34th anniversary. He was the first president of the New-West Education Commission, which established and aided many colleges and academies in the Middle Western States.

The Congregational denomination declined to honor him. He was Moderator of the National Council of Congregational Churches of America in 1898. He was president of the American Missionary Association, which has accomplished so much in educating morally and training industrially large numbers of the Negro and Indian races. He was elected a delegate to the determining Missionary Council held in London in 1888, and to the International Council of Congregational Churches held in London in 1891. He was also delegate to the International Council of Churches, which convened in Boston in 1899. For some time after 1876, he was a member of the prudential committee of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

His versatility and efficient literary activity were manifested in his editorship of the *Advance*, the influential Congregational weekly of the Middle West. He wrote many booklets and tracts on religious, civic, educational, and literary topics, and was a frequent contributor to several national magazines. In the field of authorship, his pen produced a new volume every year for several years. His book, "The Pilgrims," is an authority on the Pilgrim and Puritan movements in both Old and New England. In 1896, he published "The Divine Life in Man." In 1897, he issued a popular commentary on "The Epistle to the Philippians." In 1898, he published "Our Redemption." He was the author of "Typical New Testament Conversions," published in 1901. His last volume, "Spiritual Culture," issued in 1914, has had a wide circulation. His style was remarkably clear and graphic. He not only had, something important to say, but he said it felicitously and forcibly. Whatever he undertook he did well. On his desk lies an unfinished manuscript, entitled "Democ-

racy," which, if completed, would be as notable as it is timely.

He is survived by his widow, two sons, Frederick Perry Noble, editor of the Spokane Review, Spokane, Wash.; Philip Schaeff Noble, St. Louis, Mo., and two brothers, Daniel C. Noble, Pittsburgh, Pa., and Hon. Newell P. Noble, of Phillips, Maine.

HENRY BELIN, JR., '63

Born, September 23, 1843, in West Point, N. Y., son of Henry Belin, a graduate of West Point, and Isabella (d'Andelot) Belin, Died, December 25, 1917, in Scranton, Pa., of pneu- monia; kwalial in Forest Hill Cemetery, Scranton. Prepared at Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven.

Married, October 13, 1868, in Wilmington, Del. to Margaretta Elizabeth, daughter of Ferdinand and Marietta (Allen) Lammot. Children: Mary Lammot, who was married April 5, 1893, to Nathaniel Gould Robertson (B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1885); Isabella d'Andelot (B.A. Bryn Mawr 1892), the wife of Pierre S. duPont of Wilmington; Henry (born November 29, 1873; died July 14, 1878); Paul Beck, '95 S.; Charles Augustus (B.A. 1890; LL.B. Pennsylvania 1903); Ferdinand Lammot, 01 S.; Mar- garetta Lammot (died April 1, 1910); Gaspard d'Andelot, '08 S.

Yale relatives: Henry Belin Robertson, '14 S.; Nathaniel Gould Robertson, Jr., '17 S. (grand- sons).

Immediately after graduating, Belin went into the powder business with duPont & Company at Wilmington, Del., and remained there until April, 1870, when he removed to Scranton, Pa., where he resided the rest of his life, always connected with the duPont Company and engaged in the manufacture and sale of powder. During the last part of his life he was president of the consolidated powder companies of Scranton, incorporated as E. I. duPont de Nemours & Company of Pennsylvania. He was also a director of the following corporations: E. I. duPont de Nemours of Delaware, First National Bank of Scranton, Lackawanna Trust Company, Wyoming Shovel Works, Scranton Lace Company, Cherry River Boom & Lumber Company, Cherry River Paper Company, Hebard Cypress Company, and Klots' Throwing Company. In his distinctively communal activities he was trustee and treasurer of the Scranton public library, president of the Pennsylvania State Oral School for the Deaf, member of the finance committee of the Hahnemann Hospital,—an institution owing its existence largely to him, as evidenced by the Belin Maternity and Accident wards and the Margaretta Belin Home for Nurses,—member of the Pennsylvania Free Library Commission, and trustee of the Second Presbyterian Church. It is obvious that he was one of Scranton's most prominent citizens.

He was for a time connected with the National Guard of Pennsylvania, having served two years as first sergeant of a company in the 13th Regiment, and one year as Major on the Brigade Staff and Acting Inspector of Rifle Practice.

He had been in failing health for some months before his death. His wife and six children survive him.

HENRY STARKWEATHER, '80 S.

Born, May 25, 1858, in New Haven, Conn., son of John Henry and Hannah Elizabeth (Winchester) Starkweather. Died, September 9, 1917, at his home in New Haven, following an operation; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

Prepared at Hillhouse High School, New Haven.

Mechanical engineering course.

Married, October 18, 1893, in Oxford, N. Y., to Jennie Harriet, daughter of Judson Benjamin Galpin.

Yale relatives: Rev. John Starkweather (B.A. 1825), grandfather; George Pratt Starkweather (Ph.D. 1891, M.E. 1894, Ph.D. 1898); brother; Henry W. Starkweather, '06 S., and Ernest R. Starkweather, '13 S., nephews.

Member Masonic order and United Church.

Starkweather had been engaged in various forms of engineering work since his graduation from Yale. During the years 1884-1898, he was with the Pratt & Whitney Company of Hartford, Conn., manufacturers of machine tools. From September, 1898, to 1908, he was with the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company of Pittsburgh, Pa., as a designer of special tools. From January 1, 1908, to the time of his death, he was with the Winchester Repeating Arms Company of New Haven in the same capacity. He is survived by his wife, his father, a brother, and a sister.

PATRICK JOSEPH CASSIDY, '94

Born, July 6, 1874, in Norwich, Conn., one of eight children of Dr. Patrick Cassidy of Norwich (born in Ireland) and Margaret (McLeod) Cassidy, born in Norwich in 1850.

Educated in the public schools of Norwich and Norwich Free Academy.

In Yale obtained Second Colloquy appointment in both Junior and Senior years. M.D. Johns Hopkins 1898. Married, May 12, 1901, at Willimantic, to Jane Elizabeth, daughter of Henry L. and Jane Lathrop Hall. Children: Jane Margaret (born August 1, 1902, in New London, Conn.) and Patricia (born May 26, 1906, in Norwich). Died, January 28, 1918, in Norwich, of Bright's disease.

Members of the Class of '94 will remember the sensation caused in the autumn of 1890 when it was discovered that among them was one Freshman clad in knickerbockers. It was the youngest entrant, Patrick Cassidy, whose youthful appearance characterized him until his untimely death at the height of a busy and useful career. Cassidy received the degree of M.D. from Johns Hopkins Medical School in June, 1898, and after practicing his profession for a few months in Norwich, moved to New London, where he practiced as a surgeon until 1906. He then returned to Norwich and resumed practice which continued to the time of his last illness, during the period becoming one of the leading physicians and surgeons of the city.

For many years he was attending surgeon at the William W. Backhouse Hospital, as well as pathologist at that institution, and a member of many medical associations, including those of the State, Norwich, and New London, and a fellow of the American Medical Association. In addition to such professional activities, he had served as a member of the Board of Education of Norwich, belonged to the Norwich Golf Club and Court City of Norwich, and F. of A., and had been appointed a Lieutenant in the U. S. Medical Reserve Corps. Illness prevented him from taking up his duties in this last office. Some months prior to his death he was stricken with Bright's disease, which finally proved fatal, although he remained cheery and hopeful to the last. His widow and two daughters survived him, as did his father, four brothers, and two sisters.

JEROME SAMUEL BISSELL, '94 M.

Born, June 20, 1869, in Washington, Conn., son of Samuel Jerome and Catharine A. Bissell. Died, September 13, 1917, as the result of a nervous breakdown.

["690", "THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY", "March 22", "Our Mail Order Department", "Is at your service. For many, many\nyears we have taken good care of our\nout-of-town customers. They simply\nwrite us a line and we take care of\ntheir every want—with the help of\nUncle Sam's mail service.", "Send for our new illustrated catalogue", "CHASE & COMPANY", "Men's Clothiers—Shirtmakers—Outfitters", "NEW HAVEN", "Prepared at Connecticut Literary Institute, Suf-\nfield, Conn.\nStudent in Yale School of Medicine from 1891\nto 1894.", "Married, December 25, 1894, in Thomaston,\nConn., to Susie A., daughter of Henry Waugh of\nMorris, Conn. Child: Marjorie Estella (born\nDecember 15, 1895).", "Member Congregational Church, American Med-\nical Association, Connecticut State Medical Society,\nLitchfield County Medical Society, Masonic order,\nand Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.", "Bissell taught school before entering the\nYale School of Medicine in 1891. The first\nyear after graduation he practiced medicine\nin Woodbury, Conn., and from 1895 to 1915", "he practiced medicine in Torrington, Conn.\nHis death resulted from a nervous break-\ndown due to overwork. He spent about\neight months in the Hartford Hospital and\nwas later taken to the home of his brother\nin Litchfield. His wife and daughter\nsurvive.", "Necrology", "(The following deaths have been noted in\nthese columns since the appearance of the\nfifteenth issue of the present volume.)", "ex-'48 L.—P. R. Shipman. Spring of 1917.", "'50—E. H. Roberts. January 8.", "'54—Brig.-Gen. C. T. Alexander, U. S. A.,\nret. February 28.", "'54—A. C. Dunham. March 17.", "'55—G. A. Kittredge. December 26, 1917.", "'56—Col. J. T. Price. January 11.", "'ex-'57—B. L. Forster. February 5.", "ex-'57—Henry Williams. January 2.", "'58—Rev. Dr. F. A. Noble. December 31,\n1917.", "'59 S.—Dr. S. D. Twining. February 8.", "'63—Henry Belin, Jr. December 25, 1917.", "'63—H. C. DeForest. December 10, 1917.", "'63—Professor G. C. S. Southworth. Feb-\nruary 19.", "'66—John Buckingham. January 5.", "'67—A. S. Clark. March 14.", "ex-'66 S.—C. R. Dodge. January 25.", "'67—F. G. Newlands. December 24, 1917.", "'68—Professor H. P. Wright. March 17.", "'68 D.—Rev. H. L. Dietz. January 5.", "'71 S.—Professor J. F. Klein. Febru-\nary 11.", "'72—H. S. Potter. February 6.", "'73—S. J. Elder. January 22.", "'73 D.—Rev. Dr. F. S. Fitch. December\n23, 1917.", "'76—Dr. E. J. McKnight. December 25,\n1917.", "ex-'76 D.—D. C. McKay. 1917.", "'77—H. S. Chase. March 4.", "'77 D.—Rev. E. P. Chittenden. October\n10, 1917.", "'78—Clinton Spencer. December 18, 1917.", "'78 M.—Dr. Henry Fleischner. Jan-\nuary 20.", "'79—H. L. Rowland. January 18.", "'79 M.—Dr. E. P. Flint. January 31.", "'80 and '82 L.—W. T. Haviland. Febru-\nary 23.", "'80—W. R. Purple. February 24.", "'80 S.—Henry Starkweather. September\n9, 1917.", "'85 S.—A. C. Coates. January 23.", "'86—R. S. Wotkyns. January 10.", "'86 S.—J. M. Thomas. March 11.", "'86—P. S. Babcock. April, 1917.", "'91 S.—Major T. C. Janeway, M. O. R. C.\nDecember 27, 1917.", "'94—Dr. P. J. Cassidy. January 28.", "'94—Rev. C. J. Sniffen. January 5.", "'94 D.—Rev. A. L. Grein. September 16,\n1917.", "'94 L.—J. E. O'Connor. January 27.", "'94 M.—Dr. J. S. Bissell. September 13,\n1917.", "'95—J. M. Kendall. February 28.", "'96—Dr. C. J. Rumrill. January 6.", "'98 M.—Lieut. H. E. Hungerford, M. O.\nR. C. Building 1.", "ex-'99—D. M. Hare. January 30.", "'99—G. L. Young. January 20, 1917.", "'ex-'02 S.—F. E. Maynard. February 22.", "'03 S.—1st Lieut. P. D. Gribben, A. S.\nFebruary 13.", "'04 S.—J. H. Thomas. January 29.", "ex-'06 S.—A. C. Ortmayer. March, 1918.", "ex-'06 L.—J. J. Quill. March 8.", "ex-'07 S.—R. D. Meacham. December 14,\n1917.", "'09 S.—G. R. King. December 22, 1917.", "'11 D.—S. G. Akkelian. 1917.", "'12—G. L. Rand. February 6.", "'13—J. F. Cooper, Jr. February 16.", "'13—A. R. Sewall. February 13.", "ex-'13—Wilcox King. December 26, 1917.", "'15—Lieut. J. F. Stillman, Jr., A. S., S. C.\nFebruary, 1918.", "'15 S.—C. E. Jones. February, 1918.", "'15 S.—F. G. Montgomery. March, 1918.", "ex-'15 Spec. L.—C. K. Tuohy. February,\n1918.", "ex-'16—Gilroy Mulqueen. January 28.", "'16 S.—Ensign A. D. Sturtevant, U. S.\nN. R. F. C. February, 1918.", "ex-'16 S.—1st Lieut. L. J. Hagadorn, A. S.,\nS. O. R. C. February 23.", "ex-'16 D.—Lieut. Robert Fairgrieve. No-\nvember 24, 1917.", "'17—Cadet F. C. Fairchild, A. S. Feb-\nruary 23.", "'17—Dumaresq Spencer. January 25.", "'ex-'17—K. B. Hay. November 29, 1917.", "'17 S.—J. H. Higginbotham. February 23.", "'17 S.—1st Lieut. F. B. Turner, A. S., S. C.\nJanuary 30.", "1918—B. S. Adams. January 12.", "1918—L. M. MacNaughton. March 13.", "1918—Holmes Mallory. March 18.", "1918—Ensign C. S. Read, U. S. N. R. F. C.", "February 27.", "1918 S.—I. T. Moore. December 19, 1917.", "1918 S.—W. C. Winter, Jr. March, 1918.", "1919—Alden Davidson. December 26,\n1917.", "1919 S.—2d Lieut. L. H. Cunningham,\nR. F. C. January 13.", "Alumni Notes", "'54—Austin Cornelius Dunham died in St.\nPetersburg, Fla., on March 17.", "'54—The death of Brigadier-General\nCharles Tripler Alexander, U. S. A., ret.,\noccurred at his home in Washington, D. C.,\

1918

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

691

THE
YALE
REVIEW

Edited by WILBUR CROSS

APRIL

<table><tr><td>The Strategy that Will Win the War</td><td>Emile Mayer</td></tr><tr><td>The Connaught Rangers. A Poem</td><td>W M Letts</td></tr><tr><td>The Submarine</td><td>William O Stevens</td></tr><tr><td>Scandinavian Neutrality</td><td>Maurice Francis Egan</td></tr><tr><td>The New Chemical Warfare</td><td>Julius Stieglitz</td></tr><tr><td>Good Temper in the Present Crisis</td><td>L P Jacks</td></tr><tr><td>A New Heaven. A Poem</td><td>John Gould Fletcher</td></tr><tr><td>Labor and Reconstruction</td><td>Ordway Tead</td></tr><tr><td>Two Poems</td><td>Louis Untermeyer</td></tr><tr><td>Is the English Language Decadent?</td><td>Brander Matthews</td></tr><tr><td>Dr. Holmes, the Friend and Neighbor</td><td>M A DeWolfe Howe</td></tr><tr><td>Retrospection. A Poem</td><td>John Jay Chapman</td></tr><tr><td>Robert Browning and Alfred Austin</td><td>William Lyon Phelps</td></tr><tr><td>Art, Caviar, and the General</td><td>A Kingsley Porter</td></tr><tr><td>A Litany in the Desert</td><td>Alice Corbin</td></tr><tr><td>German Intrigues in Persia</td><td>A C Edwards</td></tr><tr><td>Book Reviews</td><td></td></tr></table>

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<table><tr><td>WHITTLESEY, MYER & WYTHES</td></tr><tr><td>CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS</td></tr><tr><td>W. S. WHITTLESEY, C.P.A. '03</td></tr><tr><td>G. W. MYER, JR., C.P.A.</td></tr><tr><td>H. A. WYTHES, C.P.A.</td></tr><tr><td>30 CHURCH STREET</td></tr><tr><td>NEW YORK</td></tr></table>

694

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

March 22

'12 S.—A daughter, Elizabeth, was born to Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Baker in Albany, N. Y., on August 21, 1917. Baker is assistant manager of the Interocean Oil Company and the United States Asphalt Refining Company, at Baltimore, Md. His residence address is Calvert Court Apartments, Three Hundred and Eighteenth and Calvert Streets, Baltimore.

'12 S.—The marriage of Maisie, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William MacMaster, and Capt. Diederick Christian Oldenborg, Q. M. O. R. C. ('13 S.), took place in Portland, Ore., on March 6.

'13—The death of John Metcalf Thomas, '86 S., father of T. Gaillard Thomas, 2d, occurred at his home in New York City on March 11.

'13—The Class Historian, Mortimer B. Lane (1405 Twenty-first Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.) is anxious to secure information regarding the present address and occupation of James E. Penrose, ex-'13.

'13—The marriage of Laura, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Presby G. Stoll, and John W. Luce took place in Chicago, Ill., on January 16. They will be at home, after April 15, at 3032 Washington Boulevard, Chicago.

'13—A daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Baker, Jr., on March 8.

'13 S.—A son was born to Mr. and Mrs. Leonard H. Welton of 8 Lockwood Avenue, Stamford, Conn., on March 9. He has been named Theodore Pritchard.

'14—The marriage of Evelyn, daughter of Judge and Mrs. Charles H. Carey, and

Lieut. Charles T. Donworth took place recently in Seattle, Wash. Donworth is a member of the 165th Depot Brigade, stationed at Camp Lewis, American Lake, Wash.

'14—The engagement is announced of Ella Frances, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Franklin B. Biederman of Brooklyn, N. Y., to David Brewer Jetmore.

'14 S.—A son was born recently to Mr. and Mrs. Philip P. Cole in Newburyport, Mass. He has been named John Nelson, 2d, for his grandfather.

'14 S.—The marriage of Gaillien Maclemore, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jefferson D. Grady, and Gardiner Luce took place in Norfolk, Va., on December 24, 1917. Luce's permanent address is 12 Stevens Place, Melrose, Mass. He is at present attached to the U. S. S. Chestnut Hill and may be addressed in care of the Postmaster, New York City.

ex-'15 Spec. L.—2d Lieut. Charles Kremer Tuohy, U. S. Signal Corps, was accidentally drowned in the Willamette River, near Portland, Ore., early in February. The body was recovered on February 15, nearly a week after Tuohy's disappearance.

'16—The engagement is announced of Ruth Anna, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Fowler of New Haven, Conn., to Robert Stone Oliver. Oliver is at present a Cadet at the Aviation School in Memphis, Tenn.

'16—A daughter, Margaret Ann, was born to Mr. and Mrs. Maurice Firuski in New Haven, Conn., on March 14.

'16—A son, Wesley M., 3d, was born to Lieut. and Mrs. Wesley M. Oler, Jr., in New York City on March 8. Oler is at present stationed at Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La., but expects to be transferred in the near future to some other Aviation Field as a Flying Instructor.

'16—The marriage of Amelia Mary, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Adolphus Meader Ake of Brooklyn, N. Y., and 2d Lieut. Harold Horn Nute, F. A., O. R. C., took place at the First Church, Pittsfield, Mass., on March 16. Nute is at present stationed at Camp Meade, Md.

'16 S.—The engagement is announced of Dorothy, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Denton Fowler of West Haverstraw, N. Y., to Arthur M. Milburn. Milburn is at present at the School of Military Aeronautics at Princeton University.

'17 D.—Rev. Alexander S. Baillie has resigned the pastorate of the Congregational Church at Northfield, Conn., and is to take charge of a parish at Chillicothe, Ohio, and also to organize Bible classes at Camp Sherman.

1918—The marriage of Natalie, daughter of Mr. N. B. H. Parker, and Lieut. Raymond Franklin Snell, O. R. C., took place in Mount Vernon, N. Y., on March 9. Snell is stationed at Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass.

1918—Leslie Malcolm MacNaughton was killed in an airplane accident at Hampton Roads, Va., on March 13.

1918 S.—Wallace Charles Winter, Jr., was killed recently while flying over the German lines on a scouting expedition.

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YALE IN CHINA

YALE IN CHINA

constantly met, in China, with the remark that "this is the way we build here." In the Yale work at Changsha we have gone on the theory that there were, in the local conditions, no really insuperable obstacles to good construction; and that the universal failure to obtain it was due to the universal failure to provide for really adequate supervision. By sending a first-class general superintendent from New York, Mr. Stanley Wilson, at a relative expense which has seemed to many to be unwarranted, it has been ensured that every stroke of work should be done under the eye of an expert supervising architect; and though things have gone more slowly than we had hoped, the actual buildings that are being produced are splendid. In a letter I received last fall from Mr. Wilson he says, "I have been looking at the work in Shanghai; and I confess, most modestly, that I have not seen anything that can touch the quality of work we are doing at Changsha. Our work is far above anything I have seen anywhere in China."

All through China I found great interest in the Yale building projects at Changsha. The Chinese are a people very ready to be told how they should do things of this sort; and it is pathetic that so much of the European and American building in China, to which the Chinese look so eagerly for instruction, should be so poor, both in design and execution. At Peking, during my consultation with the Tsing Hua College authorities, in connection with our plans for their new buildings, I found the most intense interest in the Yale experiment,—building "in the new way" they called it,—and the success that is being achieved at Changsha is all the more pleasing to those who have labored for it, through the fact that the eyes of China are so keenly on Ya-li.

HENRY KILLAM MURPHY, '99

## II

### Ya-li's Educational Opportunity

(Dr. Wm. H. Welch's Talk to Ya-li Students, delivered at the Sunday Morning Chapel Service, October 17, 1915)

*My Friends, Students of Yale in China:*

I wish I could tell you in your native language how much pleasure it has given Dr. Gates and myself as representatives of Yale to come here before the other members of the Commission to see with our own eyes, and hear with our own ears about the work which is being carried on here. I have looked forward to this visit with eagerness, for while I have read about the work here and have long been interested in it, I never dreamed that this opportunity would come to me of seeing and hearing about it on the spot.

I have already been stirred, for since coming to China no more inspiring occasion has come to us than this opportunity to see evidence of the transplantation of the spirit of Yale into the heart of China. I have referred in another place to the spirit of Yale, but with some restraint, for I have been subjected to some good-natured criticism by my envious colleagues for a certain conceit in the claim of Yale to virtues denied to other colleges. But here I feel that I can speak with greater freedom. We do have in New Haven a "Spirit of Yale" which stands for equality and democracy and ideals for character-building that must make a strong appeal to you in China. We do not consider that an education comes only from books and lectures, but that the best and a very essential part comes also from friendships and contacts with one's fellows. If these do not build strong character and increase power we feel at Yale that the system is a failure. I got something from my classmates that became a real part of me, and that has always had an influence in my life. I hope and believe that that spirit and influence are here in

"Yale in China." Then, too, there is something imparted at Yale that lends vim and vigor to life; that aims at getting the best out of life, of attaining its best ends; a determination to find and achieve the purpose of life. I am glad of this opportunity of indicating these things to you in order to help you to realize this same spirit and these aims.

And to you, young men of the Faculty, for you are young from my point of view: I think that your life here is a most enviable one. No sympathy from me, only envy; for you have here a larger opportunity for service and of gaining the real mental, moral and spiritual satisfactions of life than most of you would be likely to find in America. I am going back with a message to the young men at Hopkins. Why should so many eke out their lives amidst the unsatisfactory environment and the meagre opportunities that come to most of them? If they have intellectual curiosity, something of the spirit of adventure, desire to advance medical knowledge, desire for beneficent service, where can any opportunity make a stronger appeal than that here in China to-day, especially in the development of modern medical science and practice in China? You must feel the enthusiasm and inspiration of the opportunity, and be eager to be provided with the staff and the equipment to meet the opportunity you see before you.

This Mission of Yale in China is primarily educational, and educational in the best sense of the word. The future of the race depends upon the acquisition of knowledge and wisdom, on learning how to adjust ourselves to our environment, how

WEST WING, HOSPITAL, LOOKING SOUTH

THE MEMORIAL CHAPEL

The Annual Report of Yale-in-China a Provincia

2

REPORT OF THE YALE MISSION IN CHINA

WORKING STAFF, 1918-1919.
SCHOOL AND COLLEGIATE DEPT'S.

REV. BROWNELL GAGE, (absent, Chinese La-
bor Corps Supervision, France) B.A. Yale
1898; M.A. Yale 1911; B.D. Union Sem. 1911.
(Psychology and Education.)

REV. WILLIAM J. HAIL, Acting Dean of Col-
lege, Dean of Preparatory Department, B.A.
Missouri Valley Coll. 1899; B.D. Yale 1904;
M.A. Yale 1906. (History and Bible.)

REV. EDWIN D. HARVEY, B.A. Yale 1907;
M.A. Yale 1909; B.D. Yale 1910. (Social
Science and German.)

JAMES W. WILLIAMS, B.A. Yale 1908; M.A.
Trinity 1915. (Biology.)

DICKSON H. LEAVENS, B.A. Yale 1909; M.A.
Yale 1915. (Mathematics and Treasurer of
Mission.)

Z. Z. ZEE, Ph.B. Yale 1909; M.A. (Chemistry.)

OLIVER C. MORSE, JR., B.A. Yale 1910.
(Absent: W. W. B.)

HAROLD V. SMITH, B.A. Yale 1912; M.A.
Yale 1916. (Geology)
(Hawaiian Alumni Fund, per J. P. Cooke, '96)

F. L. CHANG, Ph.B. Yale 1913; M.F. Yale 1915.
(Forestry and Botany.)

RALPH W. POWELL, B.S. Michigan Agricul-
tural Col. 1911; C.E. Cornell 1914; Ph.B.
Yale 1916. (Physics.)

(China Medical Board Maintenance Fund.)

SYLVESTER SMITH, Ph.B. Yale 1918. (Tem-
porary appointee.)

(Robert A. Chambers, '17, Maintenance Fund.)

PAUL M. HINKHOUSE, Parsons Col. (Ia.)
(Temporary appointee—late of Assiut College
Egypt.)

HUNAN-YALE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE.

DR. EDWARD H. HUNE, Physician in Charge of Hospital, B.A. Yale 1897; M.D. Johns Hopkins 1901; M.A. Hon. Yale 1912. (Physiology and Hygiene.)

DR. FU-CHEN YEN, Dean of Medical Prepara-
tory School, St. John's Univ., Shanghai, Med.
Dept., 1903; M.D. Yale 1909; D.T.M. Univ.
of Liverpool 1909.

DR. BROMWELL BRANCH, (absent; Medical Service, U.S. Army.), B.A. Johns Hopkins 1904; M.D. Johns Hopkins 1908. (Surgery.)

DR. DOUGLAS T. DAVIDSON, B.A. Yale 1909; M.D. Univ. of Penn. 1913; D.P.H. Univ. of Penn. 1913. (Medicine.)

(C. M. B. Maintenance Fund.)

DR. ALBERT S. CRAWFORD, B.A. Pomona
1910; M.D. Cornell 1915. (Surgery.)
(C. M. B. Maintenance Fund.)

DR. T. M. LI, St. John's, Shanghai; 1902-7; M.D. St. John's 1911. (Genito-urinary Diseases.)

DR. S. J. SHEN, St. John's, Shanghai; M.D.
Harvard Med., Shanghai. (Pathology.)
(C. M. B. Maintenance Fund.)

Dr. SO, (Chinese Woman Physician.)

DR. Y. WONG, (Harvard Medical School of
China, Shanghai.)

MISS NINA D. GAGE, Supervising Nurse, Train-
ing School for Nurses, B.A. Wellesley Col.
1905; R.N. Univ. of State of N.Y. 1908.

MISS MARGUERITE D. WARFIELD, Johns
Hopkins School for Nurses, 1914; Johns Hop-
kins Hospital 1915.

(C. M. B. Maintenance Fund.)

EDITH C. HUANG, Nurse, Northern Ohio Univ.;
Episcopal Hospital, Manila.

HARRY J. DUNHAM, Business Agent, North-
field and N. Y. University School of Com-
merce. (C. M. B. Maintenance Fund.)

CHINESE TEACHING STAFF.

J. S. PAN, B.A. (St. John's)
Instructor in Chemistry and English.

K. C. WANG, M.A. (Hunan)
Chinese History, Literature and Composition.

M. K. HUANG, M.A. (Hunan)
Chinese Composition and Classics.

C. C. CHOW, M.A. (Hunan)
Chinese History, Classics and Composition.

C. SHUAI, B.A. (Hunan)
Chinese History, Literature and Composition

P. C. MIAO,
Instructor in Geography.

Y. M. CHU,
Instructor in Drawing.

K. Y. LI,
Instructor in Military Drill.

C. C. LAO,
Instructor in Algebra and Arithmetic.

K. T. WANG,
Professor and Bursar

REPORT OF GOVERNING BOARD

The year just ended has been so full of political storm and the social and educational life of China so disturbed in consequence that it would be difficult to convince the superficial observer of the deep truth in a recent utterance, "Through China must run the Road to Permanent Peace". On the very first day of the year covered by this report, Chang Hsueh, an old-style, intriguing, monarchy-loving, military governor or proceeded to Peking and tried to revive the Manchu dynasty by setting Hsuan Tung, the young ex-Emperor, on the throne. After a week the republic was restored but President Li Yuan-hung was unable to control the situation and his resignation, which soon followed, was the signal for fresh disorder. This amiable but insufficiently forceful head of the government had given repeated assurance that he would uphold the constitution at any cost and would die rather than see Parliament scattered; yet almost his last official act was to dissolve that body because of the pressure of the militarists. Weak as this parliament had been, its dissolution proved a serious setback to the democratic movement. Civil strife broke out at once, the northern party being dominated by a group of self-seeking military chieftains, some of them military governors; and the southern party being led by disappointed parliamentarians. The latter party has had the outward semblance of justice on its side. Whether, if in power, it could maintain an honest democratic government is seriously open to question.

Hunan has been the chief battleground of the contending elements during the year-long struggle and has been over-run with soldiers, now from the northern, and now from the southern, army. The provincial government had nine heads between September 15th, 1917 and March 31st, 1918. What with looting and plunder, murder, rapine and other brutality, the population has suffered at every turn; commerce has stood still; communication has been interfered with; and government educational programs have been paralyzed.

Yali's Unusual Opportunity

The very chaos of the year has opened new doors. Dominated by the thought that Yali was to be used for something more than the educating and healing of individuals, and that the outward disorder had

brought us large opportunity for helping
China to find herself and for helping the
outside world to appreciate China, each oc-
casion of military disturbance proved an
unusual incentive to keep classroom and
other routine work going steadily. Each
time the citizens showed alarm it became
possible to share in civic plans for the re-
storing of order. Such service has un-
doubtedly proved a stabilizing force. At the
academic commencement exercises in June,
a Chinese professor expressed thanks to
Yali on behalf of the people of Hunan for
keeping school work going without a break
during a winter when government institu-
tions had been obliged to close down.

It is in order to allude to some of the
more permanent bonds by which we are re-
lated to the community:—

1. The graduation of forty-two students from the academic preparatory department, a larger number than ever before for one year, cannot help being a means of enriching the community. Whether or not they go on into college study, their stay with us is sure to have infused into their beings something that will make them leaders in the bringing in of a new social order.

2. The Alumni of High School and College have begun to show, as never before, a sense of responsibility for the well being of their Alma Mater. As this sense deepens they will not be one whit behind the students of St. John's (Shanghai) or of Canton Christian College, who have become so active in sharing with the faculty the responsibility for meeting the financial needs of the institution.

3. The students of both the academic and the medical departments have given most unselfishly of their time and money for prisoners of war, for soldiers in camp unable to write for themselves, for refugees, for the sick in hospital and for the children of the neighborhood.

4. Mr. Gage was chosen to be the first president of the newly formed Hunan Christian Educational Union, and others of the faculty are on its committees, and have taken part in the Teachers' Institute conducted by that body in 1918.

5. In the field of sanitation, too, there has been service. Dr. Yen's activity at the Pinghsiang Colliery, the starting of simple sanitary surveys by squads of pre-medical students and instruction in hygiene at a Normal Institute of the Hunan Provincial

Harvey, '07, teaches Sociology. He may get some data while over-
seeing coolies who are building the water works on the campus.

3

Educational Association, are but beginnings that should develop into large results in good health.

## Material Progress

The outstanding feature of the previous academic year was the move from the confined quarters within the city walls to the broad campus outside. It is a cause for deep gratitude that the present report can record progress on the new Hospital sufficient to permit of its being opened for active service in February, 1918. While the active military operations in the vicinity naturally brought in sick and wounded soldiers in large numbers, the surprising fact has been that civilians have learned to come in far larger numbers than would ordinarily have been expected at once in a new location, half a mile away from the city. The numbers in the dispensary clinics soon mounted to thirty, forty and fifty every day.

Scarcely less important than the opening of the new hospital has been the purchase of additional plots of land for the medical property, made possible through the generosity of a Yale graduate in America. Such extension of our borders now is most essential. Without it we cannot expect normal expansion on either campus nor can we be protected against occupation of land that ought to be ours by undesirable neighbors such as tenements or factories. The Trustees are wise to insist on devoting all possible funds to the acquisition of further land.

Still another feature of the material progress is the provision of new bungalows. Dr. Crawford of the medical staff and Mr. Zee of the Chemistry staff have secured funds for bungalows through private sources, the former's bungalow being completed in April. Mr. George S. Palmer, Yale '78 and Mr. Edwin McClellan '84, have each recently given $2000 for a new bungalow to provide for members of the faculty not yet suitably housed. A gift from Professor F. W. Williams, together with an appropriation from the Trustees, added to funds raised locally, will suffice to erect a modern brick house for Dr. Yen, Principal of the Medical College, who deserves to have a home after having moved about to one rented dwelling after another within the city during his first term of service.

Contributing very materially to the physical appearance of the double campus and

providing an assured and dignified approach to both College and Hospital, is the new Maloo or Boulevard, in course of construction by the city Roads Bureau. This new highway, 110 feet wide, passes between the academic and medical properties and extends from the Hsiang River, half a mile west of us, to the new railroad station site, a third of a mile to the east.

## Faculty Personnel

The end of the previous year took from us Arnold, Graves, Lucas and Shove, the four 1916 bachelors; together with Dr. Downs of the Department of Anatomy, who was obliged to leave on account of his wife's ill-health. While the burden of academic teaching has been increased by the absence of Mr. Gage, the College Dean, we have all felt that he was away but a season. The same has been true of Miss Gage the Superintendent of Nurses, whom we have seriously missed, but whose return we know can be counted upon. The end of the present session brings word that Mr. Gage is about to proceed to France to supervise educational work among the Chinese labor battalions. Although his continued absence will bring added burdens for a second time on Mr. Hail, the acting Dean, and on his associates, we recognize that Yale in China is thus to have a share in the task of "Winning the War". Miss Gage, too, in acting as Assistant Dean at the "Nursing Plattsburgh" at Vassar College during the present summer, is representing us in the war work at home. Over against losses we have welcome gains to record. The Autumn term in 1917 brought to us a permanent biologist, J. W. Williams, '08, together with Mrs. Williams, Ruth and Charlotte; a geologist, H. V. Smith, '12 and Mrs. Smith; Dr. A. S. Crawford, for the department of surgery, and Mrs. Crawford; Dr. S. J. Shen for Pathology; Dr. T. L. Li for surgery, and Mrs. Li; and Miss Marguerite D. Warfield, for the Hospital Nursing staff. In addition to this goodly group of more permanent workers, we had the joy of welcoming Messrs. Clement, Gould and Olsen, Yale 1917 graduates, for short term service.

This record would be incomplete if it did not mention the arrival of junior members in the homes of Messrs. Hail, Williams, Davidson, Yen and Li; the census on June 30th, 1918 showing that there are now 31 children in the Yale Mission.

## Dr. Yen's Public Health Work

After a thorough study of Preventive Medicine with Dr. Rosenau in the Harvard Medical School and practical work in hookworm eradication in the Southern States, Dr. Yen was granted leave of absence by the Trustees to spend the year after returning to China under the direction of the International Health Board in attacking the hookworm problem at Pinghsiang, 90 miles away. Earlier studies made by members of this hospital staff had shown that 90 per cent of the underground workers in the Colliery there suffered from the disease. Dr. Yen's work has met with a remarkable degree of success, not only in the curing of many sufferers, but in the cooperation he has received from the mining authorities. The return on this investment of Dr. Yen's time will be derived, not only in further fellowship with the health-conserving activities of the International Health Board; nor only in better sanitation in the mines and farms of this area; but rather in this, that we have helped to liberate one more force that will link up China and America, and have taken one more step in showing the Chinese the value of human life.

## The New Laboratory of Science

We record with gratitude a gift of $30,000 gold (later added to in order to insure an exchange rate of $2 Mexican for every $1 gold), from the China Medical Board, for a Laboratory of Biology, Chemistry and Physics. While the object of this gift has been stated to be to enable Yali to give more thorough preparation in these fundamental subjects to students planning to enter the Hunan-Yale College of Medicine, the China Medical Board will allow great freedom to the college in the development of these departments of science. Other institutions, too, are to receive aid of a similar character, and all colleges thus aided will be enabled to offer to their entire student body the broadest possible training in biology, chemistry and physics, thus serving many more than merely the group of students looking towards medicine.

## The Religious Life of the Institution

Several factors have made the past year the richest in a sound religious life that we have yet known. A series of weekly faculty conferences begun in Kuling in

The first operation at the opening of the hospital (January 26, 1918) by Dr. Branch was abdominal and intricate. Nurse Carter at foot. A missionary doctor from the interior is a visitor.

Residence for a teacher—memorial gift of an American friend. Cost $4,500 complete.

Balance in savings bank 2,000.00

Sabbatical reserve

<table><tr><td>(1) Liberty Bonds</td><td>$3,800.00</td></tr><tr><td>(2) Savings bank</td><td>1,615.63</td></tr></table>

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4

1917 and continued in Changsha throughout the winter gave us all, bound together in a new sense of fellowship, the impetus to personal work with individuals.

During the visit of Mr. Sherwood Eddy in May a strong group of academic and medical students made a Christian decision.

## Yale in China Responds to the War Call

Not a man on the staff but has felt a stirring desire to give some direct service in this hour of our nation's need. It was easy, for this reason, when Clement, Gould and Olsen asked leave to return home to enlist, when but half their term was over, to assume increased teaching burdens, with a sense that this was permitting these men who returned to do a sort of vicarious service. Our service flag, bearing stars for those who have been on the Yale in China staff, remembers the following workers:—Gage '98, Frost '05, Morse '10, Achilles '13, Platt '14, Fisken '15, Robb '15, Graves '16 S, Shove '16, Lucas '16, Arnold '16 S, Clement '17, Gould '17 and Olsen '17; also Miss Gage and for Dr. Branch and Miss Gertrude Carter, now on their way to war service.

Those who stay by the stuff in Changsha will thus have the satisfaction of knowing that Yale in China is actively represented. What is more, they have the consciousness that if America is to have any part in holding China together now, when she is so threatened with dissolution due to contending civil factions; or in the upbuilding of a national life that shall be of service to the peace of the world when the European war is over; it must be steadily made possible for her to take this part through the effective manning of Christian educational institutions by her representatives now. To the students of such institutions, scattered throughout the land today, are being imparted something of that idealism for the personal and the national life that is now so moving an influence in America.

## The Forward Look

With the gentry, with the political leaders and with the constructive educators of the province, time and mutual knowledge have brought about a steadily closer friendship. It has been our privilege to serve them by teaching aid in some of their institutions, and by sharing in their summer educational institutes. We have worked with them in the joint management of our medical department.

We are working side by side, too, with the China Medical Board and the International Health Board, both branches of the Rockefeller Foundation, seeking with these bodies the promotion of scientific medical education and modern sanitary science in China.

We must make the college of arts a worthy crown to the structure of Christian education in Hunan. Its curriculum must be so complete, its equipment so thorough, and its spirit so vital and vitalizing, so alert to the country's need, that high school graduates throughout Hunan, from government or missionary institutions, need not leave their own province to secure all the educational advantages they desire.

The railroad to Wuchang, the capital of Hupeh province, is completed. Changsha is thus brought nearer to the Wuchang-Hankow centre than any other provincial capi-

tal with a comparable educational program. Another railroad is to link this city to Nan-chang, the capital of Kiangsi province. This will bring Changsha closer to that city than any other centre with a medical college.

But beyond and above all we can do for the institution, we must impart to the individuals in the student body ideals of truth and honor; must show them that service is better than gain; must live in their presence, and thus lead them to, a virile Christian life.

Edward H. Hume,
Chairman.

August 6, 1918.

## REPORT OF COLLEGE AND PREPARATORY DEPARTMENTS

Owing to war conditions attendance in school and college (as contrasted with medical school) showed a decided falling off. The totals for the year follow:

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>Fall Term,1917.</th><th>Spring Term,1918.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Seniors</td><td>0</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Juniors</td><td>2</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Sophomores</td><td>6</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Freshman A</td><td>29</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Freshman B</td><td>16</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Special</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>53</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>Preparatory Department</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fourth year</td><td>25</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Third year</td><td>28</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>Second year</td><td>33</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>First year</td><td>38</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Special</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>125</td><td>114</td></tr><tr><td>Grand Total</td><td>178</td><td>151</td></tr></tbody></table>

I find a natural interest in United States as to what becomes of our boys. The first college class graduated in June, 1917. It consisted of eight men.

Chang Tsen is this year preaching for the United Evangelical Church.

Cheng Nai-hsun is employed by the Standard Oil Company.

Hwang Pu has gone to America for Graduate work.

A bungalow-residence for a Yali doctor--cost $2,500.

Hwa Tsu-hsu is an employe in the Hunan Yale Hospital.

Lao Chi-chiang is an instructor in Yali.

Liu Nan-seng is studying medicine in the Hunan Yale Medical School.

Ouyang Chi is preaching and teaching for the United Evangelical Church.

Wen Nan-tu is studying theology in Peking.

Among the tasks that have engaged the students apart from their classroom work are

1. A Primary School carried on by them for the village children just outside the gates to the campus.

2. When the Northern soldiers were defeated and several thousand were imprisoned in Changsha by the Southern victors, the students, so long as permitted, went to the camps to cheer the unfortunates, wrote letters home for them and conducted religious services.

3. The students contributed to the Orphanage and Blind School in Changsha.

4. When Liling was burned and more than 500 refugees came to Changsha, Yali students assisted them and contributed to a fund for them.

5. Student groups conducted schools in their native villages and lectured to the peasants on hygiene, sanitation, geography and the like.

6. Committees of students visit the hospital and show friendliness to the patients.

In March when the Northern troops drove out the Southern army, there was panic in the city. For some days in common with all the Missions of Changsha we opened our dormitory and some of our homes to women and children fleeing from the dreaded Peking legionaries. Strangely enough, our classes were interrupted but one day. This was a splendid advertisement, for the government institutions suffered the loss of many students and in some cases closed their doors.

In the Preparatory Department two classes graduated during the year,—one in January with 27 and the other in June with 16 pupils.

The question of giving a formal degree to Yali students becomes more pressing. Students frankly tell us that one reason why more do not persevere in the college course is because Yali gives no degree. In a land where academic degrees are so prized, a mere certificate to the effect that the

5

man has done the equivalent of a B.A. degree does not carry much weight. The Chinese naturally ask why a good school of college grade should not enjoy the power to confer degrees. Many schools in China calling themselves colleges and universities confer degrees, yet distinctly inferior to Yali in the number and attainment of teachers. Until our college department has this power we shall not be able to hold our students in any great number after the Preparatory course. (Note: Steps are being taken to secure the needed authority at the coming session of the Connecticut Legislature, the Society which operates the Mission being incorporated under the laws of this State—Secretary of the Society).

We await the building of the Laboratory for which the money is in hand. With the facilities it will afford for teaching physics, chemistry and biology, we shall have a scientific department as competent as any in China.

There is a need for maps. There should be at least two sets of large war maps, one for use in History and one for Geography. Changes that will certainly come with the present war may make it inadvisable to purchase such, but gifts in this direction would be greatly appreciated.

It may seem strange at home but the task of teaching Chinese language and literature to these youths is vexing. All of our native teachers are competent, (some of them old-fashioned "sages" so much esteemed by the Chinese); but with one exception they have had no experience in "Western" schools. Such will not be responsible for discipline in the classroom,—it is native fashion! The students may spend their time as they like and they often elect to use it in the preparation of other lessons. It is important that every student who goes out from our school should have a thorough knowledge of Chinese language and literature, for without it one cannot be esteemed an educated man in China; but it is a task to keep these boys, feverish to attain the "New learning", at the dreary work of mastering idiographs.

During the war we must not press for new buildings; yet some day conditions must be more favorable. Our friends at home should know that the student body needs a second dormitory. There ought also to be provision for a permanent Recitation Hall,—which, next to the hospital will be the major building of the campus;

and also for an Assembly Hall, the little chapel being by the terms of the donor reserved for worship. We look forward to teachers of English, Physics and Modern Languages, each man highly equipped for his department.

In the poverty of the Hunanese there is opportunity for scholarships. The students are willing to work in part payment; but our own financial limitations prevent extending many opportunities for self-help. Scholarship funds are needed at Yali.

A. J. HAIL,

Dean of the Preparatory Department;
and Acting Dean of the College.

DR. JAMES' COMMENTS

The past year has afforded large opportunity for the Yale group at Changsha to show what they could do. On the medical side they have cared for hundreds of soldiers wounded in the fighting between the factions; and have rendered aid to great numbers of civilians distressed by War or other cause in a land which specializes in misery. The new hospital has teemed with work and study. Recent pictures make it clear that though Changsha is a large provincial capital and Hunan Province has over twenty million people, our Yale workers have made an impress on both.

I have personal acquaintance with a number of the men and women who have gone out of late, and knew some of the original party. I have been impressed by the quality of the personnel. Dr. Hume would be a central figure in any company of medical men. Dr. Yen's researches in hookworm under Rockefeller auspices are notable. Branch and Crawford are well equipped young surgeons of whom their preceptors promised good things. The Chinese are at last developing some specialists of their own race and Yali has two of them at work. On the nursing side, were Miss Gage available, there is no medical institution in America that would not welcome her services.

It is not a small thing that our University should be associated with teaching in Mid-China the high type of medicine and nursing these men and women know. It means

that Yale twenty years hence, when trans-Pacific things will be more important than they are now, will be decidedly a part of them.

WALTER B. JAMES, '79
Chairman,
Medical Advisory Board of
Yale-in-China.

(June 30, 1918.)

The fourth year of formal medical teaching under the joint agreement with Hunanese educators has closed with both parties to the cooperation more enthusiastic than ever about the undertaking.

President Harry Pratt Judson of the University of Chicago, Chairman of the China Medical Commission sent to China in 1914 by the Rockefeller Foundation, recommended that aid be given to the medical work of this Mission but stated that in the opinion of the Commission the school would be essentially a provincial institution. No one would be more pleased than President Judson to know that his prediction had not come true. Of the 44 students enrolled at the end of June 1918, 17 came from Hunan, 7 from Kiangsu, 6 from Hubei, 5 from Chekiang, 4 from Kwangtung, 2 each from Kiangsi and Fukien and 1 from Anhwei; or, to summarize, 17 from within and 27 from without the province of Hunan. No single factor in the student body could have produced a healthier spirit than the interplay of influence, of dialect, of tradition and of temperament that has followed the placing of men from so many different sources together. A large majority of those from outside of Hunan have come from Mission Colleges.

In January 1917 the Council on Medical Education of the China Medical Missionary Association reported the existence of twenty-six institutions teaching medicine in the entire country. Some of these did not preserve the name of medical college and fortunately have already become extinct. A scant half dozen have fearlessly adopted, on the other hand, the minimum requirements as to pre-medical education that now prevail in America. During the year under review inquiries have been received in this

The Yale Mission led the Red Cross Drive (note the posters).

Yali students sleep in dormitories. An alcove on the third floor.

Balance in savings bank ............................ 2,000.00

Sabbatical reserve

(1) Liberty Bonds ............ $3,800.00

6

College from students in the north and west, as well as in the south of China, and even from Java, the Malay States, the Philippines and Korea. One student in San Francisco, the son of a Chinese merchant there, wrote that his father desired him to pursue his medical studies in his own country. These facts point to the widespread interest being aroused in the Chinese student mind everywhere in the study of modern scientific medicine.

## Teaching Staff and Courses of Instruction

Dr. F. C. Yen, Principal of the College, who had been doing special research work in America during the winter of 1916-1917 and the summer of 1917, returned to Changsha in November 1917, but was obliged to give the major part of his time during the college year to supervising an important sanitary problem undertaken by the International Health Board in attempting to eradicate hookworm disease from the Colliery at Pinghsiang, 90 miles distant. He returns to us well equipped for the teaching of modern courses in Preventive Medicine in the session 1918-19.

The science work in the Pre-medical School has this year been ably handled by Messrs. Williams, Zee and Powell, who have been able to give, in their respective laboratories of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, practical courses surpassed nowhere in China. The anatomist's appeal has made the biologist take more time, and the physiologist has persuaded the physicist to include more material. At present the laboratory courses given in Biology, Chemistry and Physics here would admit a student to any medical school of Class A in America, and cover even more ground than is demanded in England of students in the first of their five years' medical course. Messrs. Gould and Clement gave valuable aid in the English teaching during the first semester. Chinese literature and Chinese medical history were taught by Mr. Hsiung, a literatus of established reputation as well as one of the recognized medical referees of the city.

In the College of Medicine, Dr. Crawford gave a thorough course in anatomy. He was fortunate in being able to secure abundant material for dissection, an issue of the civil war which was certainly valuable to the College. Once accustomed to the thought of dissection being carried out daily in their midst, the Hunanese civilian population has gradually been relaxing in its old conserva-

tism and each half year sees an advance in the amount of dissecting material securable from local sources. Dr. Shen, a graduate of the Harvard Medical School of China, and for two years a research worker with Professor Mallory in the Harvard Medical School in Boston, carried the heavy burden of Histology and Bacteriology through the first semester and of Histology and Pathology during the second semester. Dr. Davidson, in addition to a heavy clinical burden at the hospital, gave the second year students their laboratory course in Physiology. Mr. Zee taught Organic Chemistry to the first year class and Mr. Williams gave the same group a course in Embryology.

## The Student Body

A splendid spirit has pervaded the student body. Their Student Union provides committees on discipline and hygiene which put an efficient auxiliary force at the disposal of the faculty.

That Hunanese are beginning to learn the significance of private contribution to educational progress is shown in the establishment by ex-Governor Tan Yen-kai, Premier Hsiung Hsiling and Mr. Chen Ichen, of twenty scholarships for Hunan students in the College.

As we look ahead, the task looms large; many more teachers and much additional equipment must be secured; but the spirit of cooperation with which the work was launched in 1914 is more vital than ever; in spite of financial strain, government grants have been paid with a fair degree of completeness; and students from many centres, are seeking our instruction. We can only go forward!

E. H. HUME, M.D.

## REPORT OF THE HOSPITAL.

The outstanding event of the year has been the removal to the new building. It seems a far cry from the inn with its meagre capacity that was rented for a dispensary in July 1906 to the splendid new building now entrusted to us. The former was not only cramped and unhygienic in every respect but stood on a narrow crowded street and gave little opportunity for the patients to get the sunshine and fresh air which the average Chinese citizen so desperately needs. The latter stands at the top of a commanding slope with a free stretch of country on every side, so that the patient has conditions all in his favor.

The military activity of the province made the hospital an emergency center, from the very beginning; in fact, the building was filled up with patients before we were really ready for them. The first few women patients were brought here on February 5th, 1918, but the real rush began on February 15th. Up to the end of June, 630 in-patients were treated in the wards, 458 of the number being males and 172, females. During the first few weeks when wounded soldiers overran everything very few civilians could be treated; but gradually civilian patients increased, so that by the end of June, out of 458 males treated, the numbers were 146 civilians and 312 soldiers. We may really thank the military invasion for setting the tide of patients from the city outward to the new site where the new hospital was ready for all comers. The out-patients clinic has been another index, of the influence of military attendance in increasing the attendance of civilians. From the very first day, soldiers began to ask, not for the Yale Hospital, but for the "American Hospital", testifying to the confidence which these northerners had acquired in the various cities whence they came in the hospitals conducted by American Missions. The numbers for the out-patient clinic have been as follows:—Male 3035, females 1573. Of the males 2013 were civilians and 1022 soldiers.

Among the many gratifying features of work in the new building may be mentioned the almost immediate response of well-to-do Chinese and foreigners all over the province in coming for surgical operations and for medical consultations. Patients have been referred by doctors in outlying districts, or have come on their own initiative, as never before. The thoroughly modern equipment of the operating room, with its brilliant north light by day and day-like light by night, the efficient activity of Miss Carter in organizing the surgical nursing, the competent administration of ether by Miss Wu, recently returned from America, together with other helpful factors, made Dr. Branch's operative conveniences fully equal to the surgical programme that was his to deal with during the Spring (136 operations were done under ether and 17 under local anesthesia during the Spring months).

A powder magazine which had long been a source of anxiety to our entire hospital and college population was finally emptied

Changsha missionaries having saved 7,000 factionalists from their conquerors, the crowd is addressed by a native Christian preacher.

Yali doctors and nurses caring for the overflow from the big hospital.

7

on March 26th and here, for the remaining three months of the period covered by this report, Dr. Davidson had charge of an overflowing Hospital Annex. It was possible to borrow or construct rough wooden cots and to bring together enough simple appliances to provide shelter for many patients. We arranged to have the most ill transferred to the main building, and similarly to have convalescents in the main building transferred to the Annex, in order that those with greater need might have better treatment. The total number cared for in the Annex up to June 30th was 320.

It goes without saying that a modern hospital needs modern nursing and it puts the case mildly to say that the place would been chaos without Miss Carter and Miss Warfield. The former had charge of the women's wards, of the operating room, the maternity department and the out-patient clinic; while Miss Warfield carried the heavy responsibility of directing the curriculum work of the two schools for nurses and had charge of the men's wards as well. They have been obliged to set a new institution in running order in the midst of an unexpected flood of patients, and at the same time that the instability of the provincial government has compelled drastic pruning of the budget and thus made impossible the supplying of countless elements in equipment which seem indispensable to a modern American nurse. That the hospital is in running order and able to cope with the work of the day is due in large measure to the leadership and energy of these two ladies.

Changes in the staff each year are inevitable. Dr. Downs left Changsha with his wife in July 1917, but his place has been efficiently taken by Dr. Albert S. Crawford, who arrived here with Mrs. Crawford in October 1917. Although most of Dr. Crawford's time was given to anatomy, still his training in orthopedic surgery proved exceedingly valuable during the three spring months when the wards were filled with crippled soldiers. Beds with overhead frames and slings for injured limbs, together with Carrel-Dakin irrigations for row after row of patients told that the lessons of the European War had been learned in China. Miss Cora Wong left the hospital in October 1917, but our hospital has not lacked for an American trained Chinese nurse as Miss Wu has been with us throughout nearly the entire year. The resident

staff lost Dr. W. P. Tien, a graduate of the Union Medical College at Peking, during the winter; but gained two new members, Dr. H. C. Hwang, a graduate of the Hackett Medical College for Women in Canton, who joined Dr. So on the women's side; and Dr. Y. Wong, a graduate of the Harvard Medical School of China, who became resident surgeon when we moved to the new building. The pharmacy was under the care of Dr. S. H. Jee throughout the year and its efficiency is to be measured not only by the volume of work done, but by the progress in pharmaceutical skill achieved by the junior staff, and the detailed attention which that staff was led to exercise in the giving out of all medicines. What could rejoice the chief of a department of pharmacy more than to have one of his juniors send a message like this: "Dr. ______; Will you please O. K. this prescription sent herewith for Mrs. ______ on March 24th. She repeated about twenty times. I am afraid her become opium habit. Thanks."

When all the professional work has been reported and the record of personnel written down, there remains that great field of ministry to human need which is the hospital's chief reason for existence. No duty is harder for an administrator than to be obliged to count the cost so carefully as to have to turn away patients for whom there are no free beds. This Hospital was designed for 120 beds but with the porches in use, could easily take 40 more. In all this number there are but six free beds, all told. We must make much larger provision here both in order to serve the suffering sick of the community and in order to provide a larger amount of clinical material for the medical students who will be ready for this work in 1919. Short-handed as the staff is, social service work has been very much neglected. We need a trained worker in this department. The medical and surgical skill of the staff lose much so long as we have no one to investigate home conditions and help rich as well as poor to bring sunshine and cleanliness into their homes. We have been grateful for the help of Evangelist Li, a man who has been through much persecution, and whose personal sympathy and effective delivery have made him able to bring Christian cheer to both the individual at the bed-side and to larger hospital groups. Mrs. Yuan has been able to give

similar service for a part of the day on the women's side. The linking up of religious inspiration and social service work, in hospital and community, loom large before us as part of a great opportunity.

The generosity of the Yale graduate who gave this hospital to Hunan, and the gifts of many who help to meet the salaries of the staff and other expenses are fittingly recognized in the motto strikingly painted in large gold letters, opposite the front entrance on the men's side; a motto given by one of our staunch supporters, who in these words describes and expresses gratitude for our service to Hunan.

"Come to Resurrect"

EDWARD H. HUME, M.D.,
Superintendent.

August 6, 1918.

GIVERS TO YALE-IN-CHINA

September 1, 1917—September 1, 1918.

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>Number giving</th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>$1</td><td>was</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>"</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>"</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>"</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>"</td><td>149</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>"</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>"</td><td>198</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>"</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>"</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>"</td><td>108</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>"</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>"</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>"</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>"</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>75</td><td>"</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>100</td><td>"</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>150</td><td>"</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>175</td><td>"</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>200</td><td>"</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>250</td><td>"</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>375</td><td>"</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>500</td><td>"</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>700</td><td>"</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>1,000</td><td>"</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Over 1,000</td><td>"</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>scattering</td><td>"</td><td>22</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td></td><td>757</td></tr></tfoot></table>

The "Co-op" at Yali. D. H. Leavens, '09, teaches mathematics, acts as Treasurer and here distributes supplies.

Bringing refugees from bandit-looted towns to Yali hospital. Note our Chinese nurses on left.

6

8

College from students in the north, as well as in the south of China, even from Java, the Malay States, the Philippines and Korea. One student, Francisco, the son of a Chinese merchant, there, wrote that his father desired to pursue his medical studies in his own country. These facts point to the wide interest being aroused in the Chinese dentist everywhere in the study of modern scientific medicine.

### Teaching Staff and Courses of Instruction

Dr. F. C. Yen, Principal of the College, who had been doing special research in America during the winter of 1917 and the summer of 1917, returned to China in November 1917, but was unable to give the major part of his time during college year to supervising an important problem undertaken by the national Health Board in attempt to eradicate hookworm disease from the liery at Pinghsiang, 90 miles distant from modern courses in Preventive Medicine in the session 1918-19.

The science work in the Pre-School has this year been ably handled by Messrs. Williams, Zee and Powell. They have been able to give, in their laboratories of Biology, Chemistry and physics, practical courses surpassed not only by the Chinese, but by the best in any medical school of Class A in England, and cover even more ground than the mandated in England of students in their five years' medical course. Gould and Clement gave valuable the English teaching during the first term. Chinese literature and Chinese history were taught by Mr. Hsiao atus of established reputation as well as of the recognized medical referee city.

In the College of Medicine, Dr. C. Yen gave a thorough course in anatomy which was fortunate in being able to secure a competent material for dissection, an issue civil war which was certainly valid the College. Once accustomed to the of dissection being carried out daily midst, the Hunanese civilian population gradually been relaxing in its old ch

Changsha missionaries having secured conquerors, the crowd is addressed by a native Christian

## RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES

### FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 13, 1918

The work is supported from three sources: (1) by graduates, undergraduates, and friends of Yale; (2) by grants of the China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation totalling approximately $20,000 for the year; and (3) by grant of the Human Provincial Government and other gifts of the Chinese totalling approximately $50,000 Mexican. The report follows of the first of these,—The Yale gifts, called the "General Fund".

### RECEIPTS

<table><tbody><tr><td>Balance on hand, June 16, 1917</td><td style="text-align: right;">$ 456.89</td></tr><tr><td>General subscriptions</td><td style="text-align: right;">31,061.58</td></tr><tr><td>Special subscriptions (Class of 1913)</td><td style="text-align: right;">221.01</td></tr><tr><td>Subscriptions to "Administration" (to Feb. 20, 1918)*</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,878.72</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">*After this date "Administration" accounting merged in the General Fund.</td></tr><tr><td>Gifts for buildings and campus improvements</td><td style="text-align: right;">16,020.00</td></tr><tr><td>Latourette (sale of insurance policy)</td><td style="text-align: right;">506.80</td></tr><tr><td>Refund by Dr. Sassen, travel</td><td style="text-align: right;">150.00</td></tr><tr><td>Refund by Mr. Morse, travel</td><td style="text-align: right;">56.25</td></tr><tr><td>Refund by China Medical Board, advances</td><td style="text-align: right;">275.00</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Hail Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">180.37</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Leavens Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">4.00</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Hoppin Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">107.60</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Joy Bed Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">50.00</td></tr><tr><td>Rebate of interest on notes</td><td style="text-align: right;">33.58</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">$52,001.80</td></tr></tfoot></table>

### EXPENDITURES

### CHINA MEDICAL BOARD

During the year the China Medical Board has continued payment of its annual grant of $16,200, to which it has added during the year $6,700 as first payment of a total supplementary grant of $15,200 to be paid during three years. All moneys from this source are applied to salaries and expenses of the Medical Department of Yali exclusively. This generous cooperation by the China Medical Board, beginning July 1, 1915, is pledged to July 1, 1920. There are at present thus supported, four physicians, one nurse, one pre-medical teacher, and one Hospital business agent. After remittances and all expenditures for the year, the funds in this account in possession of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society stand (June 13, 1918):

<table><tbody><tr><td>Surplus (Liberty Bonds) par</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Reserve for Sabbatical expenses of appointees</td><td style="text-align: right;">$4,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Balance in bank</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,988.32</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">119.14</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px double black;">$7,107.46</td></tr></tfoot></table>

### ENDOWMENT FUNDS

<table><tbody><tr><td>James M. Hoppin, '40, Memorial Fund</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-$100 N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co., 6%</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Conv. Deb.,</td><td style="text-align: right;">$500.00</td></tr><tr><td>1-$1,000 Nipe Bay Co., 5% Sinking Fund</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gold Bond,</td><td style="text-align: right;">966.88</td></tr><tr><td>Cash in National Savings Bank,</td><td style="text-align: right;">826.82</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Henry Blodgett, '48, Memorial Fund</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1-$500 United Illuminating Co., 4% Gold Bond,</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Homer G. Newton, '59, Memorial Fund</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>$1000 Garden City Estates Mortgage,</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>James Joy, '69, Memorial Fund</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weaver Real Estate Bond,</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

### OTHER FUNDS

<table><tbody><tr><td>W. J. Hail Insurance Fund</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C. R. I. & P. R. R. Co., 6% pfd. Par</td><td style="text-align: right;">$1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>National Savings Bank, Cash</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,829.73</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>D. H. Leavens Insurance Fund</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New Haven Savings Bank, Cash</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>"1913" Fund</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New Haven Savings Bank, Cash</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

"I give __________ do __________ Yale Foreign Missionary Society, a corporation orga __________ the laws of the State of Connecticut, for the uses of such Society."

### THE YALE FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY
Supporting a College, Preparatory School, Medical School and Nurses' Training School at Changsha, China, Offices, 5 White Hall, Yale University, New Haven

### OFFICERS

Clarence H. Kelsey, '78, President.
Ye-Tsung Tsur, '09, Vice-President.
G. Blumer, '07 H., Recording Secretary.
Walter B. James, '79, Mc

### TRUSTEES

<table><tbody><tr><td>James C. Greenway, '99</td><td>Edward B. Reed, '94</td><td>Anson P. Phelp</td></tr><tr><td>Wm. Jay Schieffelin, '14</td><td>Williston W.</td><td>F. Wells Williams, '79, Chairman</td></tr><tr><td>L. P. Breckenridge, '81 S.</td><td>Amos P. Wilder, '84</td><td>Robert E. McClellan, '84</td></tr><tr><td>E. McClellan, '84</td><td>Terms expiring June, 1922:</td><td>D. F.</td></tr><tr><td>Harlan P. Beach, '78</td><td>Terms expiring June, 1923:</td><td>Samuel G. Blumer, '07 H.</td></tr></tbody></table>

### COUNCIL

#### Permanent Members:

<table><tbody><tr><td>President A. T. Hadley, '76</td><td>Prof. R. N. Corwin, '87</td></tr><tr><td>Payson Merrill, '65</td><td>Prof. H. B. Ferris, '87</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. H. P. Wright, '68</td><td>Prof. W. L. Phelps, '87</td></tr><tr><td>Eli Whitney, '69</td><td>Prof. E. B. Reed, '94</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. T. S. Woolsey, '72</td><td>Rev. A. P. Stokes, '96</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. R. H. Chittenden, '75 S.</td><td>Geo. P. Day, '97</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. C. H. Kelsey, '78</td><td>A. C. Williams, '98</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. F. W. Swan, '79</td><td>Prof. T. W. Swan, '00</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. G. Blumer, '07 H.</td><td>Prof. C. Torrey, '00 H.</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. B. W. Bacon, '81</td><td>Prof. W. Walker, '01 H.</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. G. T. Ladd, '81 H.</td><td>Chas. S. Campbell, '09</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### From the American Board:

Rev. Edward L. Smith, '86 Rev. E. F. Bell, '98 Rev. D. B.

#### Elective Members:

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hon. S. E. Baldwin, '61</td><td>Rt. Rev. C. B. Brewster</td></tr><tr><td>Rt. Rev. E. S. Lines, '72</td><td>D. N. Barney, '81</td></tr><tr><td>W. Sloane, '95</td><td>V. C. McCormick, '93 S.</td></tr><tr><td>R. S. Brewster, '97</td><td>E. S. Harkness, '97</td></tr><tr><td>H. H. Bowman, Jr., '05 S.</td><td>O. H. Bronson, '92</td></tr><tr><td>Rev. R. C. Morse, '62</td><td>Ezra J. Warner, '99</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. H. P. Beach, '78</td><td>Dean F. S. Jones, '84</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. L. P. Breckenridge, '81 S.</td><td>G. Pinchot, '89</td></tr><tr><td>L. S. Welch, '89</td><td>Rev. H. S. Coffin, '97</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. H. B. Wright, '98</td><td>H. H. Vreeland, Jr., '1</td></tr><tr><td>Wm. H. Welch, '70</td><td>Richard P. Strong, '93</td></tr><tr><td>Walter B. James, '79</td><td>John Howland, '94</td></tr><tr><td>Samuel W. Lambert, '80</td><td>Fred T. Murphy, '97.</td></tr><tr><td>Harvey Cushing, '91</td><td>George Blumer, '07 H.</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Subscriptions may be sent to Amos P. Wilder, Tre
Yale Station, New Haven

YALE IN CHINA

FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 13, 1919

The work is supported from three sources: (1) by graduates, undergraduates, and friends of Yale; (2) by grants of the China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation totalling this year $21,200; and (3) by grant of the Hunan Provincial Government of approximately $50,000 Mex. The report follows of the first of these,—The Yale Gifts, called the "General Fund."

RECEIPTS

<table><tbody><tr><td>Balance on hand, June 17, 1918</td><td style="text-align: right;">$ 157.75</td></tr><tr><td>General subscriptions</td><td style="text-align: right;">39,800.05</td></tr><tr><td>Other income (outside services, etc.)</td><td style="text-align: right;">739.74</td></tr><tr><td>Special subscriptions (Class of 1913)</td><td style="text-align: right;">135.00</td></tr><tr><td>McClellan bungalow gift</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes' bungalow gift</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Mrs. T. G. Bennett (science equipment)</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Rebate of interest</td><td style="text-align: right;">36.57</td></tr><tr><td>Bank indebtedness (June 13, 1919)</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,600.00</td></tr><tr><td>Refund by S. H. Clement, '17</td><td style="text-align: right;">400.00</td></tr><tr><td>Refund by A. W. Olsen, '17</td><td style="text-align: right;">250.00</td></tr><tr><td>Refund per Dr. Ferris (anatomy material)</td><td style="text-align: right;">19.74</td></tr><tr><td>Refund Foreign Exchange</td><td style="text-align: right;">102.72</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Hail Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">260.00</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Leavens Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">200.00</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Joy Bed Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">50.00</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Hoppin Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">55.00</td></tr><tr><td>Income to Blodget Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">20.00</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">$51,826.57</td></tr></tfoot></table>

EXPENDITURES

<table><tbody><tr><td>Remitted to Changsha (salaries and personal allowances to staff, school maintenance, and to hospital support)</td><td style="text-align: right;">$28,069.50</td></tr><tr><td>Exchange (to effect payment $2 Mex. for $1 gold)</td><td style="text-align: right;">10,589.20</td></tr><tr><td>Insurance of Changsha Staff</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,229.75</td></tr><tr><td>Secretary's Salary</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,737.50</td></tr><tr><td>Administration (clerical, printing, postage, travel, cables)</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,051.43</td></tr><tr><td>Interest</td><td style="text-align: right;">396.63</td></tr><tr><td>Remitted toward Dr. Yen's house</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to 1913 Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">135.00</td></tr><tr><td>Remitted McClellan bungalow gift to Changsha</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Remitted Miss Stokes' bungalow gift to Changsha</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Science equipment (Mrs. T. G. Bennett)</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to Hail Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">260.00</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to Leavens Insurance Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">200.00</td></tr><tr><td>Joy Bed Fund—remitted to Changsha</td><td style="text-align: right;">50.00</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to Hoppin Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">55.00</td></tr><tr><td>Deposited to Building Fund—income of Blodget Fund</td><td style="text-align: right;">20.00</td></tr><tr><td>Balance in bank (June 13, 1919)</td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">32.56</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">$51,826.57</td></tr></tfoot></table>

CHINA MEDICAL BOARD

During the year the China Medical Board has continued payment of its annual grant of $16,200, to which it has added during the year $5,000 as second payment of a total supplementary grant of $15,000 to be paid during three years. This generous coöoperation beginning July 1, 1915, is pledged to July 1, 1920. All moneys from this source are applied to salaries and expenses of the Medical Department of Yali exclusively. After remittances and all expenditures for the year, the funds in this account in possession of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society stand (June 13, 1919)

<table><tbody><tr><td>Current balance</td><td style="text-align: right;">$1,069.91</td></tr><tr><td>Balance in savings bank</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,000.00</td></tr><tr><td>Sabbatical reserve</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(1) Liberty Bonds</td><td style="text-align: right;">$3,800.00</td></tr><tr><td>(2) Savings bank</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,615.63</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="text-align: right; border-top: 1px solid black;">5,415.63</td></tr></tbody></table>

344

cock & willcox L&G.

Ice Machine

Jardine, Matheson & Co. 140-7

July, 1914

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW

83

Bottom Row: Dr. Hume, Miss Farnsworth, Mrs. Chang, Miss Gage and Dr. Yen. Top Row: Dr. Li, Miss Wu, Dr. Frost, Miss Wang, Dr. Reed, Miss Yen, Dr. Li.

The spirit of the Chinese traditions, and yet keep the cost of living down to a point which will make it possible for the Chinese themselves to use the Yale buildings as models for their own future work.

One site upon which the buildings are being erected consists of about twenty acres situated outside the North Gate of Changsha, on rather high land, and with a fine view of the river and of the beautiful country in the vicinity. As is shown by the accompanying drawing of the lay-out of the buildings, the orientation adopted differs from that followed in many similar institutions; the buildings running North and South instead of East and West. This plan was adopted after careful study of the meteorological conditions, etc., in view of the necessity of obtaining the fullest value from the sun; as in winter time, when the College has its longest session, the cold and damp are excessive. In the worst months of the summer the College will be in vacation, so the matter of obtaining the maximum of ventilation is considered less important than that of securing the minimum of dampness and cold. The main entrance to the College group will be from the River front. There will be two quadrangles separated by the great Library Building; the first comprising the four Dormitories, the second School Building, the Laboratory and the Chapel; while at the rear of the whole group, furthest from the entrance, will be the Dining Hall. All the buildings will be connected by a covered way running around the four sides of the two quadrangles. Such a cloister is very desirable in a climate where protection is needed from long spells of rain and of great heat; and forms, as well, a most pleasing architectural feature. The Hospital, which is not shown on the plan, adjoins it on the South; whilst the Professors' residences, twelve in number,

will be to the North and West. All the buildings will be of brick, with varicoloured Chinese tile roofs. The Hospital will be fire-proof throughout. As far as possible, local material and labour will be used; but the most approved and up-to-date methods of construction will be followed. To prevent the incursion of white ants, a pest which wreaks havoc with all timber, special precautions in the shape of concrete protections are being used. The Dormitory, which is now being built, is a little over one hundred feet long by about forty feet wide. It will be about two and one-half storeys high and will accommodate about 100 boys. The Library will have the open shelf system, arranged in alcoves. The Chapel will seat 450. All the buildings will be fitted with complete sanitary conveniences, and with electric light; and a modern scientific sewage disposal plant will be installed.

Most of the buildings now in course of construction will be ready to open by September 1915; and it is hoped that money will be available to complete the whole group within the next five or six years.

Owing to the necessarily restricted finances of most institutions of this kind, buildings erected with mission funds have often been so poorly planned and constructed, that they have had to bear maintenance charges out of all proportion to their original cost. The Yale Mission at Changsha are trying to avoid this, and to expend their funds upon a purely business basis; and have instructed their architects to

Breaking down Changsha's old wall. One of the six new gates cut through the old wall since the Revolution.

produce the most substantial buildings possible. In this respect, as in others, it is hoped that "Yale-in-China" may serve as a model not only for the Chinese but for all who may be interested in the erection of educational institutions in the East.

## PROPOSED EXTENSION OF DAIREN WATERWORKS

As previously reported, says the *Manchuria Daily News*, the proposed extension of the Dairen City Waterworks, work on which was commenced recently on a five years' programme, entailing the total outlay of ¥1,290,000 inclusive of ¥300,000 for the present fiscal year, is designed upon the following plan:—

<table><tr><td>Bottom of reservoir</td><td>204 ft. above sea-level.</td></tr><tr><td>Length of dam</td><td>720 ft.</td></tr><tr><td>Width</td><td>12 ft. on top.<br/>67 ft. at base.</td></tr><tr><td>Top of dam</td><td>279 ft. above sea-level.</td></tr><tr><td>Highest water mark</td><td>274 ft.</td></tr><tr><td>Storage capacity</td><td>4,288,499 tons.</td></tr></table>

Area of surface of reservoir about 180,000 tsubo.

Dam to be constructed of concrete.

Equipped with conducting tower, 14 ft. in diameter, a vertical conducting iron pipe, 22 in. in diameter, and a flushing pipe, 30 in. in diameter.

The above-mentioned plan aims at raising the supply capacity to sufficient for 150,000 people. According to this plan the daily supply of 15,000 tons of water may be kept up for 260 days.

Of the total outlay, ¥420,000 is set aside for the reconstruction of the dam, the rest being intended for the conducting pipes, the installations at the water-source, etc.

The construction of the light rail line for the transportation of building materials is expected to be finished shortly. The excavation of the foundation of the dam is now in progress.

# Inoculating China

## If it is done Christianly and thoroughly now, it may prevent a world crisis later

ANY idea that such a mission as Yale is conducting at Changsha is on the defensive during this war is wholly wrong. When a man, asked to give to its support, replies, "Our first duty is to win the war; missions must wait," I tell him that while missions are "waiting" the Orient's millions may become prejudiced in favor of autocracy. Japan has great numbers who admire the efficient, automatic way in which Germany does things, and Japanese ideas are forever creeping over into China.

People are not naturally democratic, any more than they are naturally good. What good-will China has shown toward the Allies has been not a windfall, but an attainment; it is definite missionary achievement. The big Chinese who have influenced Chinese sentiment—Wu Ting-fang, Tang Shou Yi, Dr. Sun, C. T. Wang (one could name scores)—are all the intellectual products of faithful missionaries who taught them all they know; these men were once little pig-tailed boys going along the streets hand in hand with faithful missionaries, American, as a rule, or British.

### How a handful of missionaries determined China's stand in the war

Along with the Bible stories (which stuck in some cases better than in others) went an impression that the countries their teachers represented treated citizens fairly. This was the beginning of the adoption of the Allies cause by China. No doubt about it. It was bread gathered on the waters. It was one of those spiritual dividends that make the big profits of Wall Street look so silly.

Think of the kindness and unselfish interest many years ago of a handful of unimportant men and women—"mere missionaries"—fructifying in the stand in this world-war of four hundred millions of people.

No man can understand what the story of the leaven" is all about until he lives in China. Nor does the expression "The Remitt" mean much until he can see what a —a half-dozen, even—of earnest folks in upsetting a quarter of the world's division. After one has taken in this truth,

Communist education and other

# An Integral Part of the War Program

By James W. Bashford

YUAN SHI KAI was probably the ablest pagan ruler of this century. He was a strong Confucianist, but he had an insight into the very essence of Christianity. After the revolution, when all China was in chaos, Yuan Shi Kai said to the Rev. Dr. H. H. Lowry:

"You Christians have brought about this revolution, and you ought to help us in our struggle for a republic."

Dr. Lowry protested that missionaries had never meddled in politics, and must not be held responsible for political changes.

"Meddling in politics is not essential to the production of a revolution," Yuan Shi Kai answered. "After you Christians came to China and went about preaching the Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, despotism became forever impossible."

And Yuan was right.

To-day we are pouring out billions of money, and millions of men are offering their lives, to preserve human freedom for the race. Absolutely essential as this program is, nevertheless it is a program of destruction—or, at the best, simply conservation. The only constructive program before the nations is the program of modern missions.

The Gospel of Jesus Christ lays the foundation of intelligence and virtue upon which alone the liberty of the earth can rest. The world cannot be made safe for democracy through armies and ammunition alone; intensive mission work must be accepted as an integral part and continuous of our war program.

The evangelization of the nations is the safety of the world.

# Inoculating China with Democracy

*(Continued from page 13)*

345

J. Dampney & Co.

### Packed

F. Reddaway & Co.
Greene Tweed & Co.

### Pulleys (Steel)

Schuchardt & Schütte
Shanghai Machine Co.
Shanghai Dock & Engineering Co., Ltd.

### Pumps

The Goulds Manufacturing Co.
Shewan, Tomes & Co.
Jardine, Matheson & Co.
Shanghai Machine Co.
Shanghai Dock & Engineering Co., Ltd.
Joseph Evans & Sons

### Railroads

Chinese Government Railways
Manila Railroad Co.
South Manchuria
Southern Pacific Co.
Chosen (Korea) Railways.

### Railroad Supplies

American Locomotive Co.
Andersen, Meyer & Co.
Arnhold, Karberg & Co.
Baldwin Locomotive Work.
Fearon, Daniel & Co.

Hannoversche Maschinenbau A. G. Vormals
Georg Egestorf.
Henschel & Sohn.

### Explosives

Jardine, Matheson & Co.
Arnhold, Karberg & Co.
Rendrock Powder Co.

### Fan Blowers

Drysdale & Co.

### Feed Water Heaters

Babcock & Wilcox Ltd.

### Food Products

Anderson & Co., W. H.

### Gas Engines

Melchers & Co.
Campbell Gas Engine Co., Ltd., The

### Graphite Paint

J. Dampney & Co.

### High Speed Engines

Drysdale & Co.

### Hose

F. Reddaway & Co., Fire Hose "Sphincter"

34

APRIL 1919

No. 12

5 WHITE HALL, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

PRICE 25¢ PER YEAR

THE OUTLOOK FOR YALI

Dr. Hume and his family will return this summer. It is his Sabbatical. He has teachers and nurses for the medical faculty to secure. His visits always do much to inform and interest the Alumni. Rev. W. J. Hail and family will also be here on leave. Both men are in the "Founder" class and will be given hearty welcome.

New workers are planning to go. Prof. John P. Rice '00, now of the Williams College faculty, will spend his Sabbatical year at Yali teaching our Chinese boys. We hope that it may become a favorite "Year off" for skilled teachers in American colleges. Mr. Gage is having a stimulating year in France, to return to Changsha in the fall. Dr. T. C. Lieu, now of Grace Hospital, Detroit, sails this month. Appointment has been extended to an orthopedic specialist of much note, who contemplates a year's work at Changsha as a change from crushing private practice. It is believed he will accept; it will mean that he will direct young men in his specialty to follow him. Mr. H. Kingsley Blake '16, a medical student, is now at Changsha to serve as interne for a year. We lose Dr. Davidson '09, who is to retire this year—he has done notable work.

Political conditions in China are more steady. The fighting ceased between the factions. There have ever been and will continue to be wars and rumors of war in China—but men and women of faith go bravely forward. The disorderly rarely lay hands on foreigners. The friendly relations between our men and the best of the Chinese continue. There has been a succession of governors at Changsha in the past three years. It appears that two of them escaped from frenzied mobs by the aid of a Yali physician, so respected is he by the natives! It also suggests how the two races work together for good that one great Chinese

mining concern whose manager is one of our Chinese directors paid its taxes directly into the Yali Treasury as a part of the grant pledged by the government but for which it has uncertain revenues, this with the approval of officials.

Thanks to Attorney Watrous '79 a bill has passed the Connecticut Legislature which permits the conferring of degrees on Yali graduates. This will be good news at the Mission—the Chinese lay great stress on degrees. We have been losing pupils to other institutions which can grant them.

So many things a community like Yali can do! A forestry department! And we should have an Agricultural expert or two at work in Hunan. How that would bind us up with the people. Also an engineering department. Hunan is the antimony district of the world. There should be a teacher of dentistry in the medical department. Who will finance an "Eye and Ear" man! We have 65 Chinese youths studying to be doctors, with a new class to start next fall.

Some good publicity work has been done of late. The Annual Report hereafter will be circulated as a supplement to the Alumni Weekly which reaches over 8,000 readers. Editor Oviatt is a friend to Yali.

Financially, we have a big task to present a "No Deficit" showing on Commencement Sunday. The dreadful high price of silver compels sending out over $40,000 this year, against the usual $30,000. Mr. Kelsey '79 invited some friends to a Yali lunch addressed by Mr. Sherwood Eddy before he sailed for Asia. As a result eight gentlemen pledged $1,000 each. It was wonderful and goes far toward solving our problem; but we must raise some $10,000 before June. Not a few

have increased their gifts. To the "Steadies" and to all who have co-operated, big or little, our hearts are deeply grateful.

I am frank in asking friends of Yale in China to note it in their wills. I have done this myself and while it is a good rule to be secretive as to what will be done with one's estate, here and there a hint of this sort has been dropped by some good fellow anxious to encourage in the dark hours. In ten, twenty years the Chinese Yale will be one of the First Facts of the Orient. It will be one of the first things men think about when they mention the New Haven Yale. All Yale folk will have a quiet pride in this service to the Chinese nation. Money will be needed in growing volume from now on to enable the institution to do things. (The official designation of Yali is "The Yale Foreign Missionary Society.")

Underneath all is the glad fact that Yali is a Christian enterprise. It is designed to promote learning, to spread truth on a Christian basis. We seek to make better men, and not merely abler men. To train one leader for the people who has in him earnest purpose and a mighty sense of moral responsibility is better than to turn loose a dozen clever Chinese hot-foot to use their sharpened wits to prey on their fellows. China has a lot of this sort of thing already. We get select Chinese boys early and they live year after year on the campus with our big Yale-American community of men and women. Character is contagious, like measles. Let it be our determination to keep Yale in China true to the purpose of the eager youthful founders who went to China enthusiastic to do something for the Master from whom they got their incentive. A Christian Yali will do for the Chinese nation what a Christian Yale did in the early days for America.

AMOS P. WILDER

Policing the Yali Campus

There are three gatekeepers (two far separated entrances to the campus); two night watchmen; two bucket coolies; and in addition "Goliath", the '6' '6' gateman who is reputed to have saved our place in the riots of 1910 and is now general superintendent of grounds at a wage of some $7 or $8 a month. The wages of these men total about $50 a month Mex. We must have extra labor at grass cutting times. We have a tremendous campus although we do not attempt to keep the place up as at St. John's (Shanghai) as we simply can't afford it.

Mr. Murphy is getting up an emblem to be used on Yali literature that will delight the discriminating. The idea is a Chinese roof topping the thing, the lettering appearing between pillars on the facade.

We hope to have a simple printing outfit at Yali some day; but as with other things the money is lacking.

China Medical Board Laboratory (Physics, biology and chemistry)

Yali in World Reconstruction

What Some Authorities in Orient Trade,
Politics and Uplift Say of the
Changsha Enterprise

THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

New York, October 18

America needs Yale College in Changsha al-
most as much as China needs that institution
and neither country can afford to have Yale
activities in China diminished in the least de-
gree.

The feeling of confidence in America's mo-
tives has resulted not in a small degree from
the activities in China of such institutions as
the one supported by Yale College. It would
be a great misfortune if there were any re-
laxation in the financial or other support of
Yale-in-China at the present time.

Yours very truly,

M. A. Oudin,

Manager Foreign Dep't

THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS

Philadelphia, October 17

In my opinion, American colleges and hospi-
tals in China are of incalculable value, not only
in alleviating suffering and the reduction of
disease, but generally in the spreading of
knowledge, and particularly knowledge of our
country, it's institutions, and altruistic aims.
The heart of America beats in sympathy with
the aspirations of the Chinese nation.

Very truly yours,

Alba B. Johnson,

President

THE CHINESE LEGATION

Washington, October 5

I hope that every effort will be made to
maintain the educational activities of the col-
lege at the highest efficiency at this time.

As an exponent of all that is best in Western
education, the college has done a valuable ser-
vice in China in propagating those democratic
principles and ideals for which the United
States and the other Allied Powers, including
China, are fighting in the present World War.

V. K. Wellington Koo

SAN FRANCISCO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

October 23

Every possible encouragement should be
given to the furtherance of such intelligent ac-
tivities, which afford an opportunity to the
Chinese to themselves develop those charac-
teristics and to become imbued with those
principles and ideals of democracy for which
the right nations of the world are battling.

Very truly yours,

Robert Newton Lynch,

Vice President and Manager

UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD

EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION

Philadelphia, Pa., October 19

An organization of this kind in a far-off
country is a splendid thing. It affords a com-
mon meeting ground for American citizens
who may be living there, gives them an oppor-
tunity to discuss and interpret home ideas,
keeps up their patriotism and at the same time
helps to alleviate any feeling of home-sickness
that they may have. . . . Much splendid work
can be done in off-setting enemy propaganda.

Sincerely yours,

C. M. Schwab,

Director General

THE ROBERT DOLLAR COMPANY

SHIPPING AND LUMBER

San Francisco, October 24

Your work has been a godsend to China and
the good work done at Changsha is an inspira-
tion for us all to do our share in helping China
to help herself and also to increase the friend-
ship between the two nations.

I wish you godspeed in your great and good
work that is certainly making the world better
to live in.

Robert Dollar

AMERICAN ASIATIC ASSOCIATION

New York City, October 10

I should like to be recorded in most emphatic
approval of the work which is being done
through the instrumentality of Yale-in-China.
No sincere friend of the young Republic can
fail to see that its chief and crying need is an
intelligent public opinion and I can imagine no
more effective instrument for its creation than
the influence of such an institution as that in
which you are so deeply interested.

Yours very truly,

John Foord,

Secretary

INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION

55 Wall Street, New York,

October 22

I am glad to be able to give my hearty en-
dorsement of the splendid work being done by
"Yale in China" and to set down my conviction
of its great value to the Allied cause.

The informing of public opinion in China—
in these times when enemy influence is active
there against us—is of paramount importance
not only to ourselves but to the Chinese as
well, and work such as "Yale's" is certain to
accomplish great good in this direction.

Most sincerely yours,

H. T. S. Green,

President

Fighting Abated

Dr. Yen Writes of Bad Government and
Need of Doctors

January 12, 1919.

Many thanks for your Christmas letter. This
Christmas has really brought peace on earth,
and with the end of European war, peace in
China seems also hopeful. Already the Allied
Powers, led by the American minister in Pek-
ing have presented to the Chinese Government
a friendly note, urging the North and the
South to come to terms. Ever since the Re-
public, the Chinese people have suffered untold
misery under a few of the despotic military
leaders who are without heart and principle
and this Tuchuen system of Government must
go and yet without the interference of the
Allied nations, it can hardly be brought about.
The present Tuchuen of this province repre-
sents one of the worst of the military leaders
now in power. In less than a year, he has
ruined this rich province which will take many
years to recover. Happily a peace conference
has now been called and we hope that the
North and the South may once more come
together to work for the unity of the whole
country.

Now the world war is over, the opportunity
of securing doctors for Yali at this time must
be great. Many Missions in China have sent
back their best men to America to get recruits,
and this is the reason why we have consented
to let Hume return this Summer, although his
relief is yet to be found. We must have Lieu
come in April and Branch to return as early
in the Fall as possible. With them we still
need men to teach Medicine, (now taught by
Hume), Physiology (now taught by Davidson)
and Pharmacology (to be taught this year but
omitted for lack of teacher). The invitation
of Bishop Roots, Mr. Warren of the Wesleyan
Mission and Mr. Preston of the Presbyterian
Mission to be on the Board of Managers of
Siang-ya is with the object to secure co-oper-
tion from these three Missions.

At Last to Changsha by Rail!

In October for the first time regular daily
train service was inaugurated between Wuch-
ang (Hankow) and Changsha. It takes from
six A. M. to midnight to cover the 225 miles
but it means a daily mail for Yali and no more
tedious launch ride. For years Yali has been
waiting for this railroad to do business.

Three days on the rivers,—riot-safe

Architect Murphy confers with Yale men as to campus lay-out

## Yali's Needs

$40,000 for a Recitation Hall.

For which a premier place is reserved in the campus scheme.

Two faculty residences at $4500 each. $10,000 to enable our Yale-trained forster Chang to "go ahead".

Two Bungalow-residences at $2,000 each.

A second Dormitory at $25,000.

Men and families who write saying "You may look to us for $1,000 a year for five years—secure your teachers, doctors, nurses—possess the land!"

One thousand new givers at $10 a year.

One hundred at $100 a year.

Givers of $25 and $50 a year.

Our people at Changsha have “made good”. The opportunities are boundless. Only money is lacking.

Put Yali on your giving list for any amount! Become a "Yali Steady"!

"The prices of all commodities have gone up immensely" says a Changsha letter. "Chicken is now a luxury in Changsha. It is worth 2,000 cash a *chín* on the market. This means about 23c Mex. per lb. Eggs are going up; the International Export Co. buys by the million and exports them to Europe."

Our Dr. Shen, Pathologist, has married Miss H. C. Wang, who was on the staff of the Yale Mission last year. She is a graduate of the Hackett Medical College for Women, Canton. It is certainly convenient when our young men marry doctors and nurses as a number have done.

I don't think Yale is doing any finer work in the world than in maintaining Yale-in-China. I was much interested in Harold Smith's letter. I hope you are finding the right men to go out as teachers. Why don't more of our class contribute?—Archibald M. '12.

"The suggestion of abandoning the Preparatory Department shows how out of touch some of the New Haven friends are. Our tuition fee decreases slightly as students stay in; we get much less per capita from college students. The Prep. Dept. has large classes; I think their tuition probably more than pays for local expenses so that the money from New Haven goes solely for the College,—certainly the College costs us more especially as the students are so few. Some of the Trustees should visit us and see what is really going on."

American Insurance Companies do not write insurance in China. A few of them have tried it and given up in disgust. In some cases impersonation was resorted to; it is not difficult to provide a dead Chinese to order. Yet the British companies are out after this business. Some of our Yali appointees must apply to the Sun Co. of Canada, which is popular. However, no company in China writes anything but endowment insurance on Chinese.

Opportunities for American Trade in the Orient are suggested by this from our Treasurer at Changsha: "There were 30 fountain pens in the shipment but they were all sold out to our students in an hour and I am ordering more. They were price marked at $2.50 and $3.50 Gold but with a big discount so that at present exchange it was possible to sell them at the same figure Mex. and make a profit."

Robert S. Platt, '14, made a gift of $1,000 to erect an outdoor gymnasium and the money will be so applied. In the rainy season there is need of a covered place for exercise for the students.

There is talk at Changsha of establishment by the Protestant Missions of Hunan Province of a Union Middle Boy's High School, leaving Yali to college grade work. Also there is discussion of co-operation in our medical work of the American Episcopal Mission, the Presbyterian Mission, and the Wesleyans of Hunan.

We regret to note the death of the wife of Mr. G. G. Warren of the Wesleyan Mission at Changsha. Mr. Warren has long been a strong figure in Hunan and a close friend of the Yale group.

Mr. Paul Hinkhouse whom we secured from Egypt for a year's service and Sylvester Smith '18S., have book sailings to U.S.A. for next July. Experience is showing that we must strive to commit these appointees to more than one year's service.

## Notes

Mr. S. C. Lee, '17, who we hope later will join the Yali staff, is now in charge of the Chinese Branch of the San Francisco Y.M.C.A. He speaks of one Yali student now at Stanford University and two at Pomona.

Mr. Lauren Arnold, '16S., one of our Yali one-year men, promises to do us credit! He has recently married a young woman, who was Secretary to Mr. Nettleton in his Paris office, an enthusiast in good works. His mates report that Arnold was the life of the ship coming back from China and so impressed Melba, the singer, that she gave him a dinner and kept the young man at her right hand most of the time. He speedily attained a Captaincy in the Army. Mr. Arnold is now fitting for banking in Spanish America.

One of the Mission writes: "The minute on the McClellan bungalow fund will show how prices are rising. The Palmer bungalow contract was $2190 (Mex.) or about $2000 Gold. The contractor tells us he would lose money if he should duplicate it tomorrow. The lowest bid on Mr. Zee's (the McClellan) bungalow was $2590 Mex. We need dwellings for the following men: Mr. Powell, Dr. Branch, and the other men soon to come out."

## Celebrating the Armistice

The news of the Armistice received at Changsha November 12th, was a week of rejoicing. Letters say: "Wednesday we had a service in the chapel for our students, addressed by Mr. Warren and followed by a holiday. Friday was the day appointed by the Ministers in Peking for celebrations in China. There was a reception at the British Consulate at noon, while a British gunboat fired a salute of 21 guns and in the afternoon a thanksgiving in our Yale chapel attended by all the British and American community and by the Governor. The latter rarely goes out but was probably instructed from Peking to take part in any such celebration. It was amusing to see the Chinese government, after having been for a year in deathly fear that they had backed the wrong horse, now hustling to get on the Allied bandwagon. Our chapel was decorated with Allied flags and Fourth Liberty Loan posters which arrived too late for that campaign. The American Consul spoke; President Wilson's fourteen terms of Peace were read in Chinese and Dr. Hume and Rev. G. G. Warren gave educative and patriotic addresses. This is an illustration of one of the ways we tried to justify our presence here during this world crisis."

Alcove on the third floor dormitory

Mr. Harvey's water works efforts

## From a former Ambassador to Japan

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the influence of this organization on the national history of China and particularly on the relations between China and the United States. A high nationalistic spirit is being inculcated in thousands of Chinese students and a knowledge of American culture and science is being spread in a fruitful field.

Lloyd C. Griscom,
President, American Asiatic Asso.
Lieutenant Colonel, U. S. Army.

## Women's Life at Yali

### Nurse Warfield Writes of Peking Trip, Christmas Party and the Smith Baby

Miss Marguerite Warfield, a southern girl, Johns Hopkins trained, who is doing excellent work as a Nurse at Yali, recently wrote a friend of her experiences. It will give American friends of Yale in China some idea of the varied life a woman has in Hunan Province:

"My last Round Robin told you of my trip to Peking, Manchuria, Korea and Japan. The six weeks went so quickly, but even so, I had a wonderful time and got back towards the end of August quite ready to begin my strenuous duties alone. This managing a big hospital of seven wards, 2 clinics, operating room, maternity, children's, etc. and two nursing schools, one of men and one of women, in all fifty in number has not been an easy task.

We have had an epidemic of Influenza. At one time a dozen or more nurses were down with it. I too, got it just about the first of October and my! how sick I was. My head did not get really right for two or three weeks after I was out of bed. Folks are always so good to me and especially out here in China one makes such real friends. Sure enough Mrs. Hail had her latch string out and there I went and slept day and night for a few days. Then I accepted an invitation to the British Consulate. Mrs. Giles (wife of His Majesty's consul!) invited me over to stay with them and such a lovely restful time as I had. They have a beautiful place right on the river, in fact they live on an island and just behind is a low mountain range making such a picturesque spot.

On my birthday Oct. 18 I gave a children's party, a big affair I will tell you! There were 17 children and 17 "grown ups". The table looked lovely, for the cosmos were in full bloom and made beautiful decorations. Then I had Japanese place cards, a birthday cake made by Betty Harvey, candy, cake and ice cream. The feature of the day was a cobweb party and each child seemed to thoroughly enjoy winding and untangling a string until he or she at last reached their coveted Japanese toy. I laid in quite a supply when I was over there.

Today happens to be the first sun-shiny day we have had for many weeks. It has rained, rained and then rained! and the last few days have been bitter cold with ice and snow. And oh! how I feel the cold. We seem right far south but even so it gets bitter cold.

Christmas this year was one of the happiest that I have ever spent. I reckon that was partly due to the fact that peace was near at hand and the whole world seems full of joy and happiness after four long years of struggle. The nurses did the decorating of the wards and everything had such a happy festive air. We gave presents to everybody, patients, nurses, servants, office staff, etc. Different people sent fruit and money, etc., for us to use and we had so much fun wrapping up about 100 packages of needful things, and dividing the nuts, fruit and candy.

Each ward had a Christmas tree and Christmas morning we had Santa Claus distribute the things and all our friends came in to see the fun.

I hardly slept at all Christmas Eve in anticipation of how things would go for the next day. Then too, I had to sit up late in order to get through so about one A. M. found me still writing cards. Early Christmas morning all of us nurses got up and sang Christmas Carols at 5.30 A. M. We had a lovely service, first in the hospital chapel and then carried candles and went from Ward to Ward about forty of us. Then just as it was beginning to dawn some of us went out on the campus and sang carols to wake up the Mission folks. It was surely a lovely way to start the day. The carols were all sung in English.

Katherine Smith's (Yale Mission) little son had just arrived a day or two previous, so of course I wanted to give him his first Christmas bath and dress him all up in his best bib! Then I hurried off to the Hume's Christmas breakfast. Their house was so Christmasy, stockings over the fire place, tree and boxes, etc. After breakfast and the opening of presents, we hurried off to the church service and as soon as it was over, to the Hospital Tree Cele-

bration. Then a big dinner party at the Hume's, both English and American Consuls and their wives and others were there. And oh! the turkey and goose were so good! Then another big dinner party at Dr. and Mrs. Davidson's at night. We finished about 10 P. M. and hustled off to the mission party at Betty Harvey's.

The next evening the men nurses celebrated by giving the cleverest play. They surely know how to perform! The women give theirs on New Years Day.

For the last month I have had a Language School mate staying with me. Miss Wolf a nurse too, and Oh! you can imagine how nice it has been."

## Girls Who Want to Go to China

Thus the Secretary writes of enthusiastic young women who think it would be perfectly lovely to go to China: "Now as to your friend, whom you do not name. You will let me write as frankly as I please. We are keen to get a nurse or two. But nurses who will fit in at Changsha, and who will stay long enough to make the experience a wise outlay for us, are so rare. Unless this friend of yours is grimly in earnest about a China career it will be wiser not to take her but to wait until some serious minded young woman offers. Perhaps we can get such a one, who will learn the language and settle down to a life work at nursing the Chinese. There are so many American young women who think it would be nice to go to China! But a year or two of Hunan will finish 'em. They will marry somebody or be eager to get back home. Now this is extremely expensive as to nurses, for they must have the Chinese language to do their best work. We can send out a doctor for a year or two and if he returns, it is not such a waste —he has taught in the Medical School where the boys understand his English. But the patients, ignorant Chinese, cannot do this.

There is a type of young woman who would rather be a China nurse than anything else— she would study the language first at Nanking and then for her life work. It indeed means much to the Yale Mission to get one such. But if your friend is just another of the many well meaning, enthusiastic young women to whom the romance of the Pacific voyage and life with a lot of nice Yale folk looks attractive, let us draw on our experience and stop before we begin.

Overflow from the big hospital

A native preacher addressing soldiers and refugees

80

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW

July, 1914

“YALE-IN-CHINA”

WESTERN UNIVERSITY MOVEMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC

The following brief history of a most interesting movement is supplied by Dr. Edward H. Hume, Physician in Charge of the Changsha Yale Hospital.

Inspired in part by the activity in Northern India of an Oxford-Cambridge Mission, graduates of Yale University conceived the idea in 1900, of undertaking an outreaching work in China. After two years of conference with older men and a good deal of groundwork, the first appointee of the newly formed Yale Society sailed for China in 1902.

He spent his winter in the north of China studying Chihli, Shansi and Shantung with a view to determining the location of the proposed work. The summer of 1903 saw two significant steps taken. The first was the acceptance of the invitation to locate the Yale work at Changsha. Hunan had been practically closed to foreigners prior to the Boxer Movement; but after 1900 it was rapidly occupied by missionaries and business men. In June of 1903 at a conference of all the missions in the province a hearty invitation was extended to the Yale representative, Lawrence Thurston, to locate the Yale movement at Changsha and it was possible, very soon after, to send an equally cordial acceptance.

The second important step was the decision to make of the Yale work a distinctively educational movement. It was eminently fitting that a Yale movement should be educational; and it was equally fitting that the new movement, thus called to Hunan, should introduce something that would supplement the work of the missionary societies by establishing, as proposed, a college which would be a central institution of higher learning for the province; rather than by adding one more to the number of missions doing evangelistic work. There has been no step since 1903 of such deep significance as these two; the choice of Changsha and the definite confinement to educational lines of work.

Thurston died in 1904—of tuberculosis; but not before his successor had come to China and others had committed themselves to the movement.

Surveying rapidly the ten years that have passed since then, one may observe:—

1. *The Staff.* Fifteen men and three women have been sent out from America up to the present as salaried workers (exclusive of wives). Of this number four have been doctors and two graduate nurses. Four new teachers for the college and one new doctor are expected during 1914: and in addition, two supervising architects have been employed during the past year.

2. *Scope of the Work.* Starting with a single group of boys in November 1906, The Preparatory Department for the College, doing work of grade equal to that of a Western high school, now numbers well over 100 students. The number would be twice as large were the accommodations adequate. Three classes have completed the work of the Preparatory Department; and of the graduates seven will form a Freshman College Class to begin work in 1914.

On the medical side, a dispensary with eight beds was started

in 1907, and has now expanded into a women's hospital of 38 beds, and an associated men's hospital (the hospital of the Red Cross Society) with over 80 beds. 15,500 out-patients were seen in the women's hospital alone in the year 1913-14; and counting in calls to homes, in-patients, and others, a total of over 38,000 treatments was given by the two hospitals during the same year. The laboratory is equipped for modern bacteriological and chemical work and is providing ample material for study for a number of workers. In the women's hospital eleven pupil nurses are in training, and over twenty at the men's. No single endeavor during the past year has been more fruitful in satisfactory results than the establishment of these training schools.

The way to actual medical teaching seemed strangely difficult until a year ago, when, after many attempts to formulate other plans for a medical school, leading citizens of Changsha came forward with a scheme for co-operative medical education. The then Governor, T'an Yen-k'ai, heartily supported the plan, and in the summer of 1913 a tentative agreement for medical education to be conducted co-operatively by Yale and the Hunanese was signed. The nursing schools commenced under this agreement have gone forward without interruption, as mentioned above, in conjunction with the hospital work; but the medical preparatory course,

started in December of 1913, had to be discontinued temporarily because of the Government's desire (in Peking) to modify the agreement. Negotiations are now in progress and we look forward to a vigorous re-commencement of medical educational work in the Fall of 1914.

3. *The Uniqueness of the Movement.* From the first, the American staff has sought to emphasize its desire to welcome Chinese colleagues in full fellowship, whenever their Western training and other equipment should prove their readiness. The first Chinese on the staff as a full member has been Dr. F. C.

July, 1914

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW

79

capital for investment in sugar mills out there and the price which the
Filipino cane grower can afford to pay for good milling. It gives no
distinct advantage to either party during any range of fluctuations in prices,
and promises to be permanently satisfactory to both the grower and
manufacturer.

The future of the sugar industry of the Philippines lies along the paths
made out by Java in better milling and the manufacture of white sugar
for consumption in China, Japan, and other parts of the Orient.

THE GRADING OF MANILA HEMP

The plans of the government of the Philippines for the official grading of Manila hemp and other fiber products of the islands, have been established as law by the Philippine Legislature. The plan of classification and grading was adopted after most vigorous opposition on the part of Manila and other exporters of, and dealers in, hemp on the ground that the proposed grading and classification would do away with recognized brands of exporting firms, that it would be expensive, and that the colors, texture, strength, and other qualities of hemp were so various that it was impracticable to attempt to set up arbitrary standards for such purposes.

By the provisions of the new law, which will go into effect in January, 1915, the government proposes to establish fixed standards for the grading of Minila hemp or abaca (Musa textilis), the Manila maguey (Agave cantala), and sisal (Agave sisalana). These standards are to be determined by the Director of Agriculture, with the assistance of such experts as he may call to his aid, and shall be announced six months before the new act goes into effect. The new standard samples will be prepared in suitable form by the Bureau of Agriculture, and interested parties can secure such samples of the various fibers for use in grading upon application and payment of the cost thereof.

GRADING ESTABLISHMENTS FEES BALING REQUIREMENTS

The grading is to be done only in establishments licensed annually by the Director of Agriculture for the purpose. There are to be five classes of these grading establishments, graded according to the quantity of loose fiber they bale and grade, i. e., first-class establishments, handling 5,000 metric tons and more of such fiber; second-class establishments, handling between 2,500 and 5,000 metric tons of fiber; third-class establishments, handling between 2,000 and 2,500 tons; fourth-class establishments, handling between 1,000 and 2,000 tons; fifth-class establishments, handling between 500 and 1,000 tons; and sixth-class establishments, handling less than 500 tons annually. Fees are to be paid by these grading establishments of $500, $250, $125, $50, $25, and $12.50 per annum.

The fiber is to be graded according to the standards established by the Government, represented by samples furnished for the purpose, but each grading establishment which is also an exporter of the fiber, may use private marks or brands in connection with the name of the official standard provided that such marks shall have been registered at and authorized by the Bureau of Agriculture. The fibers graded by these establishments shall be pressed into bales approximately of the following dimensions and weights: Length, one meter (3.28083 feet); width, 50 centimeters (1.6404 feet); height, 55 centimeters (1.804 feet); weight, 125 kilos, or 275 pounds net. The size of bale and other conditions applying to any particular grade of hemp in which excessive pressure would be injurious will be determined later by the bureau. The limit of the size of diameter and weight of each hank of fiber in the respective bales is to be announced at least six months before the law goes into effect. The hanks in each bale shall be of uniform color, size, and extraction, and each shall be tied by a portion of the same fiber. Every bale shall be free from strings, waste, tow, damaged fiber, fiber other than that which constitutes the bale or other extraneous matter, and the fiber shall be dry. No grading establishment can charge more than $4 per metric ton for grading and baling any fiber covered by the act.

INSPECTION OFFICES—CONFORMANCE TO TRADE STANDARDS

For the execution of the act the Director of Agriculture is authorized to open a special Fiber Inspection Office, with necessary suboffices in hemp districts, and to appoint inspectors to be stationed an each export port and such other grading stations in the territory as may be necessary. The inspectors shall supervise the grading and baling of fiber and shall issue inspection certificates. A certain number of fiber inspectors are to be detailed to educate producers as to the manner in which they shall prepare their fiber to meet the requirements of the act. All fiber of which an official standard is established shall be graded and baled subject to the inspection of these officers. Every shipment of fiber shall be accompanied by a certificate of inspection, the certificate being transferred with the ownership of the lot covered by it.

While the law is regarded as more or less experimental it is generally recognized in the trade that some such system has come to be necessary for the protection of the hemp-producing interests and the good name of the Philippine hemp and other fibers, and it is believed that the system now established with such modifications from time to time as experience may indicate as advisable will effect the desired purpose. It is understood that the standards arranged by the Bureau of Agriculture will conform as far as practicable to well-established qualities and brands now known to the trade.

In order to make a study of the character of grades needed by the textile mills abroad which use Manila hemp, the Philippine Department of Agriculture has sent Mr. Murat M. Saleeby, its fiber expert, on a tour of investigation.

RAILWAY CONFERENCE AT TOKYO.

The International Railway Conference recently held in Tokyo is reported to have been quite successful and it expected that there will be great improvement in the passenger service between China and Japan. Arrangements were made whereby through railway tickets will be sold from Japan to points in China such as Kalgan, Hankow, Shanghai, etc. An arrangement for checking baggage through to destination was also made and it is believed that the conference will result in increased passenger Traffic over the Chosen railway and connecting lines. The next International Railway conference will be held in Peking in April.

The representatives of China at the Conference were Mr. J. E. Foley of the Peking-Mukden Railway and Mr. K. H. Cheng, Secretary of the Board of Communications, Peking.

The figures showing the import and export trade of the Philippine Islands for the six months ending June 30, show an increase in the value of imports and exports as compared with the same period for the year 1913.

The value of the imports has increased P1,759,260 while the exports have increased P6,880,066, or a total increase in the trade of the islands for the first six months of the year of P8,039,326.

The total value of the imports amounted to P55,761,584 for the past six months as against P54,002,324 for the same six months last year, while the exports amounted to P53,967,998 for this year, as against P47,087,932, for last year, making the total trade for the six months P109,729,582, as against P101,090,256 in 1913.

The value of the goods imported into the islands exceeded the value of the exported products of the islands by only P1,759,260, which is nearer a balance in trade than has ever before been attained since 1899, when the balance of trade was in favor of the islands by nearly P3,000,000. The large exports of sugar and hemp during the month of June, which exceeded the exportation of these two items for that month last year by nearly P5,000,000, are largely responsible for the increase shown in exports, and were larger than the exports of these products for any other single month of the six, either this year or last.