FROM : JS PROPAGANDA

PHONE NO. : 0112882011

P03

Lorsque j'ai rencontré Havelange pour la première fois, je me suis dit de
prime abord qu'il ne pourrait jamais me plaire. Nous étions à la tribune
d'honneur d'un stade à Dortmund, en Allemagne. Il venait d'être élu Président
de la Fifa et j'étais moi-même Secrétaire d'État des États-Unis.

Je venais de prendre part à une longue et fatigante série de négociations avec des pays de l'Est et ce match pour la Coupe du Monde de 1974 entre le Brésil et la Hollande me servait en quelque sorte de moyen de décontraction.

Les chemises oranges de l'équipe hollandaise contrastaient sur l'herbe comme un joyeux ballet et je fus pris d'enthousiasme par le célébré carroussel mis au point par l'entraîneur Rhinus Mitchells. Emballé par queques tactiques de jeu, je me levai et applaudis tout à fait à l'aise.

Ce fut alors que je sentis une main forte se posant fermement sur mon épaule. Je me retournai et vis un homme svelte, aux yeux bleus étincelants, me demandant de bien vouloir me rassoir, vu que la tribune d'honneur n'était pas un lieu approprié à ce genre manifestation.

Il s'agissait de João Havelange.

Ce n'est que bien plus tard que j'eus l'occasion de mieux le connaître et comprendre sa réaction en tant que brésilien qui souffrait avec l'échec de son équipe, tout en gardant son allure impassible bien connue, un peu dans le genre britannique.

Lorsqu'on connaît Havelange en personne, il est impossible d'éprouver de l'indifférence. On peut à la rigueur ne pas l'aimer, mais je ne connais personne qui n'ait du respect pour lui. Sa gestion à la tête de la Fifa mérite non seulement mes compliments mais également mon admiration. Parmi les qualités dont il fait preuve, son dévouement envers ce qu'il considère sa mission, au dátriment de toute autre activité propre aux autres personnes, est probablement celle que j'admire davantage, c'est à dire administrer la Fifa et agrandir toujours plus son rayon d'action.

Lorsque le Brésil prit part à la Coupe du Bi-Centenaire des États-Unis en 1976 et se l'octroya, nous étions déjà amis. Cette amitié naquit justement du fait que je pouvais comprendre parfaitement le travail qu'entreprenait João Havelange.

J'étais considéré le grand médiateur mondial pendant les années 70. En réalité, une personne plus souvent à bord d'un avion ou à l'hôtel que chez soi. Après avoir mené pendant quasiment dix ans cette activité exténuante qui nous expose publiquement, je puis modestement dire maintenant que nous avons, à notre façon, apporté personnellement notre part de contribution à la solution d'un des graves problèmes du monde: la recherche de la paix.

208

Wed 15:21

S681 13:01:01

NOV-22-1995 10:25

0112882011

UJ17 08:19:49 SEJUJU HAN : w011

97%

P.03

FROM : JS PROPAGANDA

PHONE NO. : 0112882011

No. 22, 1974 12:51 Ftt

F

Ce que j'apprécie chez Havelange c'est sa ténacité, sa capacité d'auto-
motivation permanente et sa poursuite infatigable de solutions aux problèmes
qui se présentent. La Fifa, timide et modeste en 1974, compte actuellement
dans ses rangs plus d'affiliés que la propre ONU. C'est l'organisation qui
brasse, par épreuve, le plus gros volume d'argent au monde. Elle a transformé
le football en sport de masse de la planète. Elle a établi le rapprochement entre
les deux Chines et promeut en ce moment, sur le plan sportif, l'entente entre
israéliens et palestiniens.

Havelange va assurément atteindre bien d'autres résultats.

Car il porte en lui une force spirituelle et une capacité de travail que je n'ai jamais vu chez autrui.

Parce qu'il croit toujours à la possibilité de concrétisation de ses rêves.
Parce qu'il est, à la veille de ses 80 ans, un dirigeant tourné vers l'avenir,
l'esprit en syntonie avec ce Troisième Millénaire qui s'approche déjà.

Parce que mon cher João Havelange est un jeune admirable, riche d'idées, de réalisations et de projets.

Havelange le Jeune qui a déjà préparé la Fifa pour cet avenir, et qui saura la conduire mieux que quiconque vers l'an 2000.

Henry Kissinger

Ancien Secrétaire d'État des États-Unis.

NOV-22-1995 10:25

0112882011

P.04

13/11 '95 MON 20:45 FAX +42 2 61191436

FIFA PRAGUE

FIFA

FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION

LE PRÉSIDENT

Mrs Suzanne McFarlane
Executive Assistant
Kissinger Associates

NEW YORK USA

001 212 759-0042

Prague, 13 November 1995

/mmu

Dear Mrs McFarlane,

Thank you very much for your fax dated November 10, 1995 which has been retransmitted to me today in Prague.

Our President Dr. Havelange would be very pleased if Dr Kissinger could redact the preface, according to his biography, until the end of this week, i.e on the November 19.

This preface should be sent to Propaganda Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brasil, at the attention of Mr. Edgard Soares

FAX No 55 / 11.288.20.11

with, if possible, a copy to FIFA Zurich, fax No 44/1.384.96.96.

Regarding the length of the text, Dr Havelange lets it at your appreciation but the printing on one page would be excellent.

Thanking you once more, with best regards.

Marie-Madeleine Urlacher
Secretary to the President

(for information, we are in Prague until next Wednesday evening)

001

NOV-13-1995 14:45

+42 2 61191436

91/2

P.01

HONORARY COMMITTEE

**Rolim Adolfo Amaro**
President - TAM - Transportes
Aéreos Regionais S.A.

**Mário Amato**
President - Confederação Nacional
da Indústria

**Roberto O. Anderson**
Chairman - Hondo Oil & Gas

**Ivan M. Botelho**
Chairman - Companhia de Força e
Luz Cataguazes Leopoldina

**Lázaro de Mello Brandão**
President - Banco Bradesco S.A.

**Guillermo J. Cañedo**
President - OTI - Organização
Internacional de Televisão

**Olavo Monteiro de Carvalho**
President - Monteiro Aranha S.A.

**James E. Cayne**
President - Bear, Stearns & Co., Inc.

**H.E. Gazi Chidiac**
Ambassador of Lebanon to Brazil

**Camilo Cola**
President - Viação Itapemirim S.A.

**Pedro Conde**
President - Banco de Crédito
Nacional S.A.

**Roberto Duailibi**
Partner - DBZ Propaganda

**Aloysio de Andrade Faria**
Chairman - Banco Real S.A.

**Omar Fontana**
President & CEO - Transbrasil
Airlines

**Timothy J. Haas**
President & CEO - Coca-Cola Foods

**Pery Igel**

**Jorge Gerdau Johannpeter**
President - Grupo Gerdau

**Irshad Ullah Khan**
Chairman - M.E.F.T. Pakistan

**Carlos Alberto Lancelotti**
President - Construtora Beter S.A.

**José Maurício Machline**
President - Grupo Machline

**Henry Maksoud**
President - Hidroservice Engenharia
e Projetos Ltda.

**Roberto Maluf**
President - Eucatex S.A.

**Bráulio Marchió**
President - Refinações de Milho
Brasil

**José E. Mindlin**
Chairman & President - Metal Leve
S.A. Indústria e Comércio

**José Ermirio de Moraes Filho**
President - Grupo Votorantim

**Jiro Murase**
Managing Partner - Marks &
Murase

**Norberto Odebrecht**
Chairman - Construtora Noberto
Odebrecht S.A.

**John E. Peppercorn**
President - Chevron Chemical Co.

**Eduardo Magalhães Pinto**
Chairman - Banco Nacional S.A.

**José Carlos Fragoso Pires**
President - Frota Oceânica S.A.

**John S. Reed**
Chairman - Citicorp

**Roberto Paulo Richter**
President - Impactum Banking &
Investment

**Richard Rosenberg**
Chairman - BankAmerica Corp.

**Neil L. Rudenstine**
President - Harvard University

**Thomas O. Ryder**
President - American Express
Establishment Services Worldwide

**João Jorge Saad**
President - Rádio e Televisão
Bandeirantes Ltda.

**Edmundo Safdié**
Chairman - Banco Cidade S.A.

**Edmund Safra**

**H.E. Walther Moreira Salles**
Chairman - Unibanco - União de
Bancos Brasileiros S.A.

**Antonio Oliveira Santos**
President - Confederação Nacional
do Comércio

**Roberto Egydio Setúbal**
President - Banco Itaú S.A.

**Paulo Setúbal Neto**
President - Duratex S.A.

**Victor N. Shafferman**
Chairman - Drummond & Hill, Inc.

**Walter V. Shipley**
Chairman & CEO - Chemical
Banking Group

**Rubel Thomas**
Chairman, President & CEO - Varig
Brazilian Airlines

**Carlos Alberto Vieira**
President - Banco Safra S.A.

**Martin D. Walker**
Chairman & CEO - M.A. Hanna Co.

**Dennis Weatherstone**
Chairman - J.P. Morgan & Co.

**Ueze Elias Zahran**
President - Copagáz Distribuidora de
Gás Ltda.

**Frank G. Zarb**
Vice Chairman & Group CEO - The
Travelers Inc.

7

BRAZILIAN
AMERICAN
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, INC.

December, 1994

Dear Friends,

Greetings in the name of the Brazilian-American Chamber of Commerce.

The Person of the Year Award for 1994 marks the 25th Anniversary of this most prestigious award of our Chamber. Dr. João Havelange, President of the International Federation of Football Association—FIFA, is the 25th Brazilian recipient and Mr. William R. Rhodes, Vice-Chairman of Citicorp and Citibank, is the 25th American recipient and we congratulate both gentlemen for an honor well deserved.

For a quarter of a century, our Chamber followed the same tradition and the same criteria in choosing its Persons of the Year. This award is given by the Chamber to outstanding leaders in recognition of their long time efforts and contribution to better relations between Brazil and the United States. The general membership of our Chamber, the Awards Committee and our Board of Directors have done a phenomenal job and are to be commended for their excellent 50 choices.

As we begin the second quarter of a century of this tradition, we pledge continuity of standards and dedication to this most worthy act of recognition of outstanding leaders. To all our supporters over the years, thanks and many thanks for standing behind our Chamber and what it represents. Your continued support is very vital to us and we count on it.

Tony E. Sayegh
President

Vicente J. Bonnard
Chairman, Awards and the Person
of the Year Organizational Committee

PRESIDENT EMERITUS
VICENTE J. BONNARD

CHAIRMAN, HONORARY COUNCIL
H.E. MARCO CÉSAR MEIRA NASLAUSKY
Consul General of Brazil

CHAIRMAN, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
CELSO V. BARISON
Banco de Crédito Nacional S.A.

OFFICERS

PRESIDENT
TONY E. SAYEGH
Sayegh International Co., Inc.

VICE PRESIDENTS
GERSON N. BRAUNE
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.-PETROBRÁS

CYRIL S. DWEK
Republic National Bank of New York

LUIZ F. FORBES
Aim Brazil Corp.

PAOLO A. LAVAGetto
Interamericas Consulting Corp.

RICARDO DE FIGUEIREDO LIMA
UNIBANCO-União de Bancos Brasileiros S.A.

LÚCIO PIMENTA
Empresa de Navegação Aliança S.A. Inc.

JAMES A. ROSEN
Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P.

JOSEPH S. TISON
Citrus Products, Inc.

ROLAND H. WEWODZIK
Swiss Bank Corporation

TREASURER
JAMES J. QUINN, ESQ.
Law/CPA Offices of James J. Quinn

ASSISTANT TREASURER
FRANCISCO BARRETO
Cobraz Brazilian Coffee, Inc.

SECRETARY
JOSE LUIZ GODOY
Multiplas International, Inc.

DIRECTORS
PAUL S. AUFRICHTIG, ESQ.
Aufrichtig Stein & Aufrichtig, P.C.

ROBERTO PARSIFAL BARROSO
Citibank, N.A.

LINO OTTO BOHN
MARIA ANGELA M. BONI
Banco do Estado de São Paulo S.A.

BRUNO BORGHINI
VARIG Brazilian Airlines

JOÃO PAULO CAROLLO
Tristão Trading Inc.

JOHN PATRICK CASEY
KPMG Peat Marwick

SÉRGIO T. DE CASTRO
Banco Real S.A.

LINCOLN DELBONE
Transbrasil Airlines

JACK EBER
Jackson Fabrics Associates, Inc.

MANOEL DO ESPIRITO SANTO
Banco do Brasil S.A.

EDSON SOARES FERREIRA
B.B. Leasing Trust

ISABEL C. FRANCO, ESQ.
Demar est e Almeida

CARLOS N. GUIMARÃES
LTCB Latin America, Inc.

CAREY M. HALL
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.

MÁRCIO KAISER
IBM Latin America

KARL HEINZ KERN
Banco Bradesco S.A.

RONALD LEVY
J. Aron & Company

ANGELA MELLO
Lehman Brothers

MÁRCIO M. MOREIRA
McCann-Erickson Worldwide

ROBERTO L. PALADINI
Banco Bandeirantes S.A.

J. MAXWELL PEREIRA
Banco Econômico S.A.

SÉRGIO C. PEREIRA
BRASTRADE-Brazilian Trading Co. Inc.

MÁRIO R. M. PIERRY
Rio Doce America, Inc.

CARLOS ALBERTO DE ANDRADE PINTO
Balmac International

CHARLES N. RYAN
Banco Mercantil de São Paulo S.A.

GABRIEL R. SAFDIÉ
Commercial Bank of New York

DAVID C. SIEGFRIED, ESQ.
Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy

EDSON FERREIRA DA SILVA
Banco Nacional S.A.

DAVID E. SPENCER, ESQ.
Law Offices of David Eric Spencer

ANGELO AMAURY STABLE
S.B. International Ltd.

ROBERT Y. STEBBINGS, ESQ.
Marks & Murase

ALMIR VIGNOTO
Banco Itaú S.A.

GENERAL MANAGER
SUELI CRISTINA BONAPARTE

22 WEST 48TH STREET • SUITE 404 • NEW YORK, NY 10036-1886 • TEL: 212-575-9030 • FAX: 212-921-1078

Acceptance Speech by Dr. João Havelange

I am honored and pleased to have the title of "1994 Person of the Year" bestowed upon me by the Brazilian-American Chamber of Commerce. This tribute is heightened by the fact that I am honored alongside William R. Rhodes, the famous banker we admire so much.

I have to confess in all humility that this award has made me especially happy because I am more accustomed to receiving tributes as an athlete or sports director rather than a businessman. The business world has in fact been the mainstay of my life. My activities led me over the years to concentrate on transport, the chemical industry and banking. The lessons in free enterprise molded my spirit. The sportsman in me complemented the businessman with the basic qualities of discipline, the spirit of competition and fair play.

Equipped with these qualities, I took over the presidency of FIFA. In 1974, I joined the biggest football organization to find it installed in a mansion with twelve employees and 141 affiliated countries. Its activities were limited to staging a World Cup every four years and to taking part in a tournament in the Olympic Games. The available financial resources were hardly enough to maintain day-to-day activities without affording any leeway for football to be developed around the world. So I decided to manage FIFA with entrepreneurial style. I arranged for some leading corporations to become involved in financing football development projects all over the world. Over a period of years, football was transformed into the world's leading sports and commercial success. At present, FIFA has 191 countries affiliated to it. The whole structure encompasses 200 million participants. If we add to this number relatives and other people all over the world who are directly involved in football activities, we reach an astonishing number (recently verified by the Gallup Institute) of one billion. So as not to linger too long on each of the figures, I can just mention that the total turnover created by football amounts annually to 225 billion dollars worldwide.

FIFA's penchant for enterprise was demonstrated in its decision to choose the USA as hosts for the 1994 World Cup. The choice of this country was intended to open up new vistas for world football and this is only feasible with a robust financial foundation. Not only did the USA fulfill our dreams, it exceeded every expectation. In the space of thirty days of games, three million six hundred thousand spectators watched fifty-two matches in nine stadia and over 3 billion people in all corners of the earth viewed the spectacle on television. The 1994 World Cup in the USA generated a turnover of four billion dollars.

I have given you this information because I wanted to illustrate the potential of a sport like football when it is given worldwide exposure and managed with entrepreneurial spirit. However, I have to add that the material advantages created by football are not an object in themselves. Football is only an instrument to utilize in the service of peace among men and nations, to help imbue the youth of today with the edifying principles of loyalty and fairness practiced in a competitive framework. This is an extremely important and worthwhile objective.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

*(The above text was edited from its original version.)*

11

Acceptance Speech by Mr. William R. Rhodes

I am honored to be selected as person of the year by the Brazilian-American Chamber of Commerce. It is
an even greater honor to share this award with such a distinguished and world-renown person as João Havelange,
President of the International Federation of Football.

If world cups could be won for economic achievements as well as for football, I am certain that Brazil
would win the Economic Progress Cup in 1994. I can't think of another country that has made such tremendous
economic strides, and at the same time, has won a singular, if not spectacular, world victory on the playing field.
In both sports and economics, this has been a great year for Brazil.

There are a number of reasons why I think Brazil deserves to win *two* cups this year.

* Its exciting and spectacular victory in the World Cup match this summer. I was there in Pasadena, wearing the Brazilian colors on my hat and tee shirt, and cheering.

* The April 15 closing of Brazil's Brady Debt restructuring, which came after 11 years, and a lot of work by a lot of people. As a result of the Debt agreement, Brazilian bonds are currently the most traded in the emerging markets— more than 50% over the second highest.

* The implementation of the stabilization plan which began in February.

* The conversion to the Real on July 1 to provide a strong monetary anchor to hold down inflation.

* Trade integration via Mercosul. Trade growth in Mercosul is already up two and a half times since 1990. There is a strong possibility of continental trade integration, leading to the eventual creation of a South American free trade zone.

* Tariff reductions. Brazil reduced tariffs in mid-September on 445 different products—three months ahead of plan.

* The strength of Brazil's private sector, which is the most dynamic in all of Latin America. And, of course, the strength of the current investment climate in the country as a whole. Some $5 billion of foreign investment has flowed into Brazil's stock markets in 1994, largely in response to the economic stabilization plan and the Brady restructuring. However, stock market capitalization in Brazil is still small, relative to the overall size of its economy. Therefore, vast growth potential exists, when regulatory obstacles are removed to allow full internationalization, including a secondary market.

* Brazil is critical to the growth of the Latin American stock markets because it represents such a major part of the region's total market capitalization. Furthermore, Brazil's strong industrial base can provide excellent opportunities for investors in the region—as the Brazilian-American Chamber is always telling us.

* And finally, the peaceful and orderly process which was followed in the first round of the elections this October.

Now I'd like to talk a bit about the new capital flows that we've recently seen in the emerging markets in general, and in particular in Latin America and Brazil. As we all know, the magnitude of the 1992-1993 surge of inflows to emerging markets worldwide was unprecedented. Capital flows to Latin America rose from $25 billion in 1990 to $69 billion in 1993. Last year, the returns investors gained from the emerging markets greatly exceeded what investors realized in the so-called developed markets, such as the U.S. The highest in Latin America was Brazil.

Brazil, today, has the potential to become a great "first world" market. Expectation levels are building up. However, the long-term success of President-elect Fernando Henrique Cardoso's plan will depend upon continuing structural reform, including some Constitutional changes, which, hopefully will occur.

In closing, I would like to repeat what I said in Madrid earlier this month—and which, I think, sums up the economic challenge Brazil faces today and tomorrow. If Brazil can prove successful in stabilizing and restructuring its economy, many investors are predicting that growth in Brazil, and the region as a whole, could approach Asian proportions.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

13

Enclosures held @ office.

NOV 07 1995

LE PRÉSIDENT

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Secretary of State
Twenty-Sixth Floor
350 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10022
U.S.A.

ZURICH,

3rd November 1995

JH/mmu/sk

Dear Friend, Dr. Kissinger,

I am in receipt of your two letters dated 24th and 25th October 1995. I received your first letter at the FIFA Headquarters, and the second was given to me by Mr. Chuck Blazer in New York.

My stay in New York was very short as I was attending the ceremony of the presentation of the 'Person of the Year Award 1995' which honoured the Brazilian industrialist, Mr. José Ermirio de Moraes Filho.

I am very happy and honoured to know that you are willing to redact the preface of the book currently being written on my person in Brazil and I am pleased to enclose a copy of my biography with this correspondence.

Please note that I am sending by separate mail a copy of the leaflet containing my personal data which was composed on the occasion of the 'Person of the Year Award 1994', together with the brochure which was composed by FIFA in commemoration of my 20 years of presidency, from 1974 to 1994.

I think that these documents will be of assistance to you in redacting the preface. The presentation of the book will be made at midday on 12th December 1995 in Paris, on the occasion of the Draw for the Preliminary Competition of the World Cup France '98.

On reading your letter of 24th October 1995, it affords me great pleasure to know that you are able to accept my invitation to be my guest at the 1998 World Cup in France, which will take place between the 10th June and the 12th July 1998.

With my respect and my kindest regards,

Enc.: as mentioned

P.O. BOX 85 · HITZIGWEG 11 · CH-8030 ZURICH · TELEPHONE 01/384 95 95 · TELEFAX 01/384 96 96 · TELEX 817 240 FIF CH

FIFA

NOV 07 1995

DR. J. HAVELANGE - BIOGRAPHY

Dr. João Havelange, President of soccer's international governing body, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), is among the world's most respected sportsmen. First elected President of FIFA in 1974, Dr. Havelange has guided FIFA to worldwide stature and has employed his business acumen to create a successful partnership between sponsorship and soccer.

Among Dr. Havelange's great accomplishments during his 20-year leadership of FIFA have been the increase in the World Cup participating teams from 16 to 32, the staging of the first FIFA World Youth Championship in 1977 (for players under the age of 20), the first Under-17 World Tournament in 1985, the development of world competitions for Women's Football and Indoor Football, the construction of FIFA's modern headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland, and the reintegration of the People's Republic of China and South Africa into the world soccer family. In the seventies, he established development programmes on several levels for third-world football countries, thereby initiating a valuable north-south dialogue which continues today. The excellent results achieved by African teams in the recent World Cup Competitions are the positive consequences of his efforts.

Re-elected to his sixth term as FIFA President at the FIFA Congress in Chicago on 16th June 1994, Dr. João Havelange has dedicated most of his life to sport, both as a participant and as an executive. He competed twice in the Olympic Games, making his début as an Olympic swimmer for his native Brazil in 1936. In 1952 he competed as a member of the Brazilian water polo team in Helsinki and was head of the Brazilian Olympic delegation in Melbourne in 1956.

Dr. Havelange was elected to the presidency of the Confederação Brasileira de Desportos (CBD) in 1958 and served in that important role until his election as FIFA President in 1974. During his tenure of office with the CBD, Brazil won the World Cup three times (1958, 1962 and 1970). He has been a member of the International Olympic Committee since 1963 and has been instrumental in establishing soccer as one of the most successful elements of the Olympic Games, including the introduction of women's soccer in 1996.

Born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 8th May 1916, João Havelange holds a Doctorate in Law. He is president of the COMETA S.A., the Brazilian national bus company, director of companies in the insurance business, as well as in chemical industries. He is also director of several schools.

He has been the recipient of many awards in his lifetime for his service to sport. Among the awards Dr. Havelange has received are *The Commander of the Legion d'Honneur (France)*, *the Order of Special Merit in Sports (Brazil)*, *the Commander of the Cavaliers of the Orden Infante Dome Henrique (Portugal)*, *the Cavalier of the Vasa-Orden (Sweden)* and *the Grand Cross of Elizabeth the Catholic (Spain)*. In 1988 he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

A man who still regularly enjoys swimming and spending time with his grandchildren, Dr. Havelange lives with his family in Rio de Janeiro.

JHBIO/sk

03/11 '95 17:56 FAX +41 1 384 96 96

FIFA ZUERICH

002

FIFA

DR. J. HAVELANGE - BIOGRAPHY

JHBIO/ek

NOV-03-1995 11:55

+41 1 384 96 96

91/2

P.02

Twenty Years of Presidency

**Executive Committee** for the period 1992-1994

**President:** HAVELANGE João, Dr (Brazil)

**Vice-Presidents:** CAÑEDO Guillermo J. (Senior Vice President) (Mexico)

KOLOSKOV Viacheslav, Dr (Russia)

GRONDONA Julio H. (Argentina)

WILL David H. (Scotland)

JOHANSSON Lennart (Sweden)

HAMZAH TAN SRI DATUK (Malaysia)

HAYATOU Issa (Cameroon)

GEORGES Jacques (France)

**Members:** D'ALMEIDA Abilio (Brazil)

FOK Henry Y.T., Dr (Hong Kong)

SZEPESI György, Dr (Hungary)

WARNER Jack A. (Trinidad and Tobago)

HYLDGAARD Poul (Denmark)

LONDOÑO TAMAYO León (Colombia)

AL-DABAL Abdullah K. (Saudi Arabia)

ALOULOU Slim (Tunisia)

D'HOOGHE Michel, Dr. (Belgium)

SASSO SASSO Isaac David (Costa Rica)

RUHEE Ram, O.B.E. (Mauritius)

MAYER-VORFELDER Gerhard (Germany)

GEORGE Sir Arthur, A.O. (co-opted) (Australia)

**General Secretary:** BLATTER Joseph S. (Switzerland)

Henry Fok and
Jacques Georges are
missing on the picture

2

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

The 21st of May 1994 marks the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association. It is a milestone in the history of FIFA, which will soon comprise no fewer than 190 national associations.

Over the past twenty years, what was once a conservative football administration has burgeoned into a dynamic sports institution. Backed by partnership with television, the world's major sport has evolved into an economic, social and even political force. New competitions have been devised and development programmes for less privileged national associations created. In two decades FIFA has become a veritable service industry, infusing football with ideals.

All this has only been possible because a dynamic President in the person of Dr João Havelange has been at the helm of FIFA for twenty years, steering intently and firmly in a new direction and realising his distinct goals one by one. This publication is therefore intended as a gesture of heartfelt thanks to the President, the world's leading footballer, on the occasion of FIFA's 90th birthday.

Guillermo J. Cañedo
FIFA
Senior Vice-President

3

Twenty Years of Presidency

Doors Wide Open
to the World

Football is a sport that does not bend to the whims of politics but, on the contrary, takes on the role of mediator wherever there is strife and helps to heal wounds where there has been conflict. Throughout its history the world's most popular sport has time and again given evidence of its ability to further peace. This perennial and precarious course has been charted by FIFA, an organisation spanning the globe and predesigned to become the driving force in football with a strong backbone of statutes and discerning personalities in command who knew exactly when to seize the day.

For the past twenty years a football magnate has been presiding over
FIFA who combines the qualities of far-sightedness and open-
mindedness. On 11 June 1974, the Brazilian, Dr João Havelange, suc-

A hard-fought election campaign – a hand-shake of reconciliation: Sir Stanley Rous congratulates the new FIFA President, João Havelange.

4

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
90 YEARS

ceeded the Englishman, Sir Stanley Rous (President of the world gov-
erning body since 1961), as the seventh and first non-European Presi-
dent of FIFA at the 39th Congress in Frankfurt.

Havelange took up the challenge for the FIFA presidency with an ambi-
tious seven-point programme that, at the time, was denounced as Utopia.
The ensuing months and years were soon to prove the critics wrong.

The development programmes that have since become the stock-in-
trade of FIFA were the brainchild of Dr João Havelange and, ever since
the seventies, football experts and teams of instructors have been crusad-
ing to all four corners of the earth, intent on raising football standards
everywhere. At the same time, he managed to capture the imagination of
world-famous companies for his project and it was they, in true sporting
spirit, that first made the ambitious plans at all possible. Then, by setting
up youth world championships (under-20 and under-17) and imposing
an age limit on the Olympic Football Tournament, he erected a public
stage for emerging talent from every football continent, thereby creating
a kind of progress ladder to guide gifted fledglings gradually to the top.
The world championships for women and indoor football – not to men-
tion the first Olympic football tournament for women in Atlanta in
1966 – complete the wide range of superlative competitions master-
minded in recent years.

*The new FIFA offices in Zurich are always open for football business and visitors. FIFA used to be housed in the Dewald Villa located on the very same spot.*

When Havelange assumed the
presidency in 1974, FIFA was
flexing its muscles in readiness for
the tenth World Championship –
in those days, very much a trial of
strength between Europe with
nine teams and South America
with four. The ripples created by
political upheavals, particularly in
Africa where many former colo-
nies had been granted independ-
ence, were beginning to be noticed
on the international sports scene.
At that time Africa, Asia, and
North/Central America and the
Caribbean (CONCACAF) were

5

Twenty Years of Presidency

each still sending one selection to the world's greatest football fiesta but
then Havelange increased the table of competitors to twenty-four
teams, giving these confederations priority. Since that decision, the un-
qualified success of teams that used to be derided as also-rans has rein-
forced Havelange's notion that his policies were right.

As an entrepreneur in body and soul, Havelange made a point of safe-
guarding the durability of football as a product, never shying away from
questioning the Laws of the Game or from making new suggestions to
add sparkle to play. On the political plane he has firmly followed the
course of appeasement and service, following the principle of universal-
ity to which FIFA has committed itself. His personal integrity assures
Havelange respect from all the national associations and his word carries
weight. Under his leadership, the FIFA offices have become the hub of
sporting diplomacy. An example of this was when representatives from
Iraq and Iran, North and South Korea, Japan and Saudi Arabia came
face to face in Zurich in July 1993 to discuss the organisational and ad-
ministrative details for the Asian final qualifiers of the 1994 World Cup
in an atmosphere of friendship and peace. Prior to that Havelange had
shown a flair for taking advantage of the conciliatory potential of foot-
ball at exactly the right moment. After intense diplomatic activity, visit-
ing every association at least once and never mincing his words, Have-
lange soon smoothed the way for the People's Republic of China to re-
turn to FIFA. Then, in 1991, both Koreas sent a joint team to the World
Youth Championship in Portugal. And because of its particular situa-
tion Israel now competes against European teams in all FIFA qualifying
competitions.

Dr João Havelange's installation in FIFA's headquarters heralded the dawn of a new era. Previously, with survival depending almost exclusively on limited resources from World Championships in four-yearly intervals, FIFA had been somewhat conservative and reserved when it came to taking decisions. Administrative energy had been concentrated on consolidating and maintaining the status quo. In no time, Havelange transformed an administration-oriented institution into a dynamic enterprise brimming with new ideas and the will to see them through. The actual address in Zurich has not altered but instead of the romantic Dewald Villa on the Zurichberg, where in 1974 a staff of twelve used to coordinate the fate of world football, there is now a modern office building housing forty employees coming to grips with an ever increasing

6

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
50 YEARS

Italy's 3-1 defeat of Germany was the conclusion and climax to Espana '82, the first World Cup final competition to be contested by twenty-four teams. Paolo Rossi opened the score with a superb header.

workload. FIFA has since expanded from 141 member associations to 179 full members with eleven associations waiting in the wings for final acceptance and an estimated two hundred million people all over the globe playing association football. Once almost exclusively geared to Europe, FIFA has, over the past twenty years, been groomed by Havelange to be more egalitarian and has acquired whole new vistas after concluding lucrative partnerships.

Now with television as a partner, every signal, every word and every new Law are beamed into all corners of the globe in a matter of moments. Football, the universal language, has become a cultural phenomenon. Millions of people resort to it either actively or passively as relaxation from their daily routine; for them it is a source of entertainment or "joie de vivre" and broadens their horizons. It is thanks to Dr João Havelange that football has taken on an unprecedented universal dimension.

In short, Dr João Havelange is imbued with imagination, resolve and flair. In spite of his many triumphs he has never lost sight of fundamental issues or recoiled from the enormous responsibility resting on his shoulders. He has also made a point of taking the chair at the Committee for Security Matters and Fair Play, persistently advocating respect for the opponent, the referee and the fans. He is in every sense the "world's leading footballer".

7

Twenty Years of Presidency

Sepp Blatter:

João Havelange as I know him

What is João Havelange really like? How do we explain his cha-
risma? Where does he derive the energy that drives him towards
achieving his pre-election targets in 1974 which he has pursued un-
flinchingly during his twenty-year tenure as president of FIFA?

Only people who encounter him as a sympathetic listener at recep-
tions, meetings, consultations or presentations ponder such points
about Havelange, the man. I myself have been wondering about it for
the nineteen years I have now spent at his side, firstly as head of the
Technical Department and then as General Secretary of FIFA. During
this period, I have accompanied him on countless trips to national asso-
ciations all around the globe and come to know him as "ami Jean", as the
embodiment of competence and strength invariably in tune with hu-
munity.

These questions automatically arise if one is curious to know whether it is at all possible to keep up with such a dominant, dynamic and analyti- cal personality. The answers do not come quickly. Only one thing is obvious: dedication must be one hundred per cent and no less because João Havelange can only think and work from this angle.

Havelange is a born leader, resolute, demanding, constantly challeng-
ing. At meetings he fills the room with his impressive stature and sono-
rous voice. His pronounced features and determined jawline convey an
iron will, mental alertness and undivided attention. He is a good listener
and his natural authority affords him total command of the situation.

Acting virtually as a missionary for football, he sets store by mutual
trust and adherence to written and unwritten rules and laws. He has a
flair for expressing himself with conviction. Even though blessed with
patience, he sticks doggedly to his opinion if he believes his arguments
are justified. To this day he has never renounced his ideals. Apathy is
anathema to him and he denounces prejudice vigorously.

Is there room for anyone else next to Havelange? Is it possible to work with him? In fact one can work very well, because João Havelange approaches problems in a way that they are resolved mutually by all parties. When the German Football Association celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1975, João Havelange had scarcely been twelve months in office. It was already obvious that he had no intention of wasting time, energy and

14

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
90 YEARS

The FIFA President and General Secretary Joseph Blatter have been working successfully in tandem for the world's best loved pastime for many years.

 abilities. His first plan was to promote football using the biggest sports
development programme ever devised, completely unperturbed by the
fact that this overstretched FIFA's purse strings at that time. Having
brought this beneficent vision of football for everybody into his presi-
dency, he then went about realising it with the support of powerful
sponsors and additional staff. When he asked me spontaneously
whether I wanted to work with him on the project, there could only be
one answer -yes, definitely. The pact was sealed with a simple hand-
shake. Knowing I understand his negotiating style and motivation, he
has, over the years, taken me into his trust as a welcome assistant.

Two decades have passed by since João Havelange took office. Successful projects have evolved from the original plans and new, superb competitions have emerged. Mindful of keeping football as a world sport at the top of the popularity stakes, he erected the foundations needed to steer our sport into the safe haven of the next millenium. The following chapters of this anniversary edition give ample proof that he has realised his dreams. The hopes of the football world that have been synonymous with him have been fulfilled.

15

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

Their importance is reflected in the fact that one of the most comprehensive articles in FIFA's Statutes is devoted to their status. FIFA's constitution allows them to elect their representatives for the Executive Committee and to be represented on this body by at least one vice president and two members. Oceania, which is described in FIFA's statutes as a geographically independent entity with fewer rights than the confederations, is the only exception to this rule.

Even though the confederations are not members of FIFA and do therefore not vote at the FIFA Congress, they exercise a great deal of influence. Acting as an extended arm of FIFA, they guide and guard football on their own continent and, consequently, the rest of the world as well.

The FIFA pyramid: international contact and active participation in both continental and intercontinental competitions have been encouraged through the broad foundation of national associations.

19

Twenty Years of Presidency

The confederations emerged after FIFA had been created. The first one to appear was the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol, otherwise known as CONMEBOL. It was founded in Buenos Aires in 1916 on the occasion of the first South American championship, a fact which illustrates one the main raisons d'être of the confederations: continental tournaments gave birth to international football.

## Two Happenings Rolled into One

### Ninety Years of FIFA

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association is one of the biggest and most powerful non-political institutions in the world. Founded in Paris on 21 May 1904 with Robert Guerin as its first President, it went on to thrive under the presidencies of Daniel Burley, Jules Rimet, William Seeldrayers, Arthur Drewry, Stanley Rous and João Havelange. Today, it is an organisation of extraordinary force in the minds of people all around the world.

The 90th anniversary of FIFA is an event with global implications and a tribute to the management of the world's most popular sport and a virtually perfect administration in every respect.

It is a duty and pleasure and an uplifting experience for football fans to recall the momentous event in 1904 or look back over the achievements staged every four years since 1930 and the countless triumphs of the World Cups ..!

20

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

## CONMEBOL in a Nutshell

Founded in 1916. Members: 10. Headquarters: Asuncion (Paraguay). Continental championship: South American Championship. President: Nicolás Leoz (Paraguay).

Indeed, a productive cycle of twenty years!

Since João Havelange became President of FIFA in 1974 after celebrating Brazil's third victory as football world champions, a new chapter of extraordinary expansion and football promotion unfolded in every corner of the globe.

Now, twenty years later, that event has blossomed into unprecedented growth in the management of FIFA, buoyed along by Havelange's personal initiative of introducing financial sponsorship to football by multinational companies to safeguard the success and splendour of all of FIFA's world championships and to organise courses and other events to develop the game to its full potential, while boosting its technical and athletic aspects and the proven progress of its administration.

The end result is unequivocally positive. We have to express our thanks for the work of a great leader and our gratitude to a person of integrity.

Nicolás Leoz

21

Twenty Years of Presidency

In spite of world championships and growing international contact, the notion of continental activity in other parts of the world was not pursued until after the 2nd World War. While Europe went about seeking political reconciliation after the hostilities, football was setting up sporting links which led to the creation of the Union Européenne de Football Association in Paris in 1954.

One notable factor marks the 90-year history of world football's governing body FIFA – namely, there were very few changes within this organisation for several decades. However, the constantly growing number of member associations and the formation of continental confederations – allied to an increase in worldwide footballing activities – brought changes in thinking within a short period of time and led FIFA to adapt to new circumstances. Consequently, and to meet the requirements of the continental confederations, the international competitions for national teams at all levels were gradually extended and new competitions were introduced.

Given the developments within football, the past 20 years have almost certainly represented the most intensive period in FIFA's history. The emphasis during this time has not only been on increasing the number of competitions, but also on drawing up development programmes and fostering the game in certain areas of the world. At the same time, FIFA has been setting the course for the future in all sectors of football to en-

22

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

UEFA in a Nutshell

Founded in 1954. Members: 49. Headquarters: Berne (Switzerland).
Continental championship: European Championship. President: Len-
nart Johansson (Sweden).

sure that the game remains the world's no. 1 sport. The President of
FIFA, Dr João Havelange, must take a great deal of the credit for the
realisation of this task. His far-sighted vision has enabled him to pin-
point a number of important modern-day phenomena at the right time –
the interaction between sport and society, the emergence of new na-
tional football associations as a result of political trends, and the increas-
ing relationship between football and the commercial world. All of the
above are aspects which require continual and thorough analysis to en-
able this major organisation to be guided in an effective manner.

FIFA has every right to be proud of its achievements so far and UEFA
would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the world body and
Dr João Havelange on this milestone. We will continue to work
together to ensure that the success of the game continues into the next
century.

Lennart Johansson

23

Twenty Years of Presidency

Also in 1954, the Asian national associations joined forces to form the Asian Football Confederation. Whichever way you look at it, Asia is something special. The number of footballers on this continent has rocketed thanks to AFC's intense activities and ever since PR China's reaffiliation to FIFA. Nowadays the Asian associations have over 70 million active players.

It is my great pleasure to congratulate FIFA on its 90th anniversary. It is undoubtedly the most powerful and influential sports organisation in the world today, made possible by the rapid growth of football in all corners of the world. FIFA's responsibility for the government of the most popular game has grown manifold in recent years and I am confident that FIFA will continue to rise to the challenge for the orderly progress of the game into the future.

The history of FIFA and football will record 1974 as the turning point in world football with the election of Dr João Havelange as the FIFA President to succeed the late Sir Stanley Rous. He elevated football from just being an amateur game to a world game with so many ramifications. His achievements are too many to mention here but Asia,

24

Twenty Years of Presidency

The formation of the Confédération Africaine de Football was a sign of the times. Founded in 1957, it reflected sweeping changes taking place on the Dark Continent with one colony after another gaining independence.

On 9 May 1904 a group of spirited people way ahead of their time, pioneers of human sporting adventure, put their heads together in Paris on 9 May 1904 and signed a contract that gave birth to FIFA. Today, ninety years later, FIFA can rightly claim that "the sun will never set on its empire". With a membership of 179 national associations, our organisation has undoubtedly succeeded in spreading the king of sports all over the world.

It is a planetary success story, the outcome of Dr João Havelange's policies ever since becoming president in June 1974. Our President can be proud of his accomplishments. FIFA is the world's biggest sports institution, influential, stable and sound, with exemplary and modern management, with many important and popular competitions and an ability to adapt to the countless demands of modern times. Long may it keep up its progress and its sporting and democratic principles.

Issa Hayatou

26

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

Not only Africa but the whole world sat up and took notice of the Nigerian star striker, Rashidi Yekini, the top goal-scorer at the 1994 African Cup of Nations in Tunisia. CAF's efficient and professional methods have turned this continental championship into a first-class competition.

## CAF in a Nutshell

Founded in 1957. Members: 50. Headquarters: Cairo (Egypt). Continental championship: African Cup of Nations. President: Issa Hayatou (Cameroon).

27

Twenty Years of Presidency

The group of confederations was subsequently complemented with the creation of the Confederation Norte-/Centramericana y del Caribe del Futbol (CONCACAF) in 1961 and Oceania Football Confederation in 1966.

CONCACAF wishes to salute President Havelange on his having attained twenty years in office as the President of FIFA. His tenure in office has seen a revolution in world football which has been of tremendous benefit to all confederations, but in particular to CONCACAF. Youth football, women's football, an aggressive development programme in coaching, football administration, sports medicine and refereeing – all have been as a result of Dr Havelange's vision.

As we look back at where we were in football twenty years ago and compare where we are today, we can only conclude that the football world would have been very poor indeed had it not been for Dr Havelange.

My confederation therefore wishes to congratulate him on all that he has achieved to date and to thank him for his assistance in lifting the quality of the sport in CONCACAF.

Jack Warner

28

Twenty Years of Presidency

OFC in a Nutshell

Founded in 1966. Members 8. Headquarters: Auckland (New Zealand). Continental championship: none. President: Charles J. Dempsey, CBE, (New Zealand).

I have been involved with FIFA since 1968 and watched its progress through the years with great interest.

Dr Havelange was elected in 1974. He was the force behind the programmes and competitions that have boosted the development of soccer throughout the world, including the U-17s, U-20s, U-23s, Women's, and Five-a-Side. Dr Havelange was also responsible for putting new vitality and interest into the World Cup by increasing the number of competing teams to twenty-four. We must give credit to the great enthusiasm with which he carried this vision out.

Congratulations to all who have been involved in the development of football over the 90 years since its inauguration!

Charles J. Dempsey

30

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

Their interclub competitions and continental championships for national selections are a glowing advertisement for their football, attracting huge media attention. With a hearty dose of self-help coupled with development aid from FIFA, the confederations and their tournaments have carved a permanent niche in world football. In less than a century since the founding of FIFA, constructive cooperation with the confederations has built a framework strong enough to ferry our sport into the next millenium.

Masterly performance: Australia's organisation of the 7th World Youth Championship for the FIFA/Coca-Cola Cup was impressive. John Constantine, the Chairman of the Australian Soccer Federation, is presented with a silver plate by João Havelange as a token of gratitude.

31

Twenty Years of Presidency

The Father of the Twenty-four Competitor World Cup

The World Cup as we know it today can claim two fathers – the third FIFA President, Jules Rimet (1921-1954), and the current seventh President, Dr João Havelange. Each of them in his time lavished the biggest single sports event on the rest of the world.

Having been entrusted with the interim management of FIFA before being elected President twelve months later, the Parisian lawyer, Jules Rimet, had, from the word go, been nursing the idea of staging a football competition on an international scale. In spite of rigid opposition, he elicited approval at the Amsterdam Congress in 1928 for the first world championship to be held in Uruguay in 1930 but the looming world recession in 1929 hung over it like a big black cloud. Enthusiasm for the new competition was particularly thin on the ground in Europe and it was only on the personal initiative of the FIFA President that national

32

FIFA
32 YEARS

Twenty Years of Presidency

twenty-four teams. Most of the sceptics came from Europe where the length of the competition – now with fifty-two games instead of the previous thirty-six – was also criticised.

But subsequent events proved that the FIFA President's instinct had been right. Of the twenty-four national teams in 1982, six hailed from so-called developing football countries. The gap between the established footballing countries and those still breaking out of their shells had grown visibly narrower and this was reflected in the results as well. The squad from El Salvador at first

paid dearly for its lack of international experience with a hammering from Hungary but soon rallied round to give Belgium and Argentina a good run for their money. Kuwait lost only 0-1 to England and then dashed the aspirations of the Czechoslovakian team by holding it to a draw. The closely knit clan from Honduras ruffled a few feathers, drawing against hosts Spain and Northern Ireland no less.

It was left to Cameroon to serve up the delicious dessert. Having emerged unbeaten from the World Cup, drawing against Peru and Poland, they were forced to bow out after another draw against the ultimate world champions, Italy, for want of a single goal.

The showing by the Algerian national selection was rated just as highly. Having defeated the squad from the German Federal Republic 2-1 and Chile 3-2, they had to watch in despair as Germany FR and Austria parted company 1-0 after the last cool and calculating match, which won the two European representatives a berth in the second round. The Africans' performance and their carefully planned and technically sound football astounded and

World Cup Finalist Quotas

* No fixed berth for OFC

34

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

Top Four Rankings at World Cups per Confederation

delighted the crowds in turn. They had served as an embellishment to the competition and had merited better rewards.

### Rewards: 1986 in Mexico, 1990 in Italy

From now on nothing stood in the way of forming the World Cup table with twenty-four teams. In 1986 it was the turn of the squad from the Korean Republic to win the hearts of the crowds in the preliminary rounds, their infectious enthusiasm moving mountains. They lost by the skin of their teeth to Argentina and Italy and deserved to draw with Bulgaria. As

for the Canadians, it was exhilarating to watch their combative spirit and disciplined play. The Algerians, many of whom were already playing in Europe, kept Northern Ireland at bay and held Brazil to a goalless draw for over an hour. This time it was the turn of the Moroccans to electrify the crowds. The world of football was now sitting up wide-eyed at the giant strides that African football had taken. At the end of the first round, the Moroccans were topping the table in Group F followed by England, Poland and Portugal after one win and two draws; for the first time in World Cup history an African team had cruised into the second round. In the round for the last sixteen, they were knocked out by a single goal scored three minutes before time after running neck and neck with Germany FR.

Four years later – in Italy in 1990 – the African star was still rising. The national team from Cameroon defeated defending world champions Argentina in an unforgettable opening match and, after another triumph over Romania, sailed into the last sixteen. There they pulled off another victory over Colombia and yet another sound barrier had been broken – for the first time ever Africans had made it to the quarterfinals. In the contest for the last four slots in Naples they lined up against the English team, clinging on to a 2-1 lead until seven minutes before time,

Fast and dynamic play are typical of the Korean Republic selections, who in USA '94 are representing their continent for the third time running at a World Cup final competition since 1986 and 1990.

35

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

only to see their semifinal dream hit the dust in extra time. Nothing detracted from the fact that the Cameroon selection had stolen the limelight at that World Cup and unveiled the playing potential of an entire continent. Apart from the African exploits, mention should also be made of Costa Rica's performance, beating Sweden to the post for a place in the last sixteen.

## 1994: Three African Teams in the USA

The football world wasted no time in dispensing appropriate recognition for the Africans' accomplishments. At a meeting on 13 December 1990, the FIFA Executive Committee resolved to reward the African Football Confederation (CAF) by giving it a third slot at the next World Cup.

While prospects for Africa look rosy and ripe, Asian football is also riding the crest of a wave. Saudi Arabia, who only recently introduced professional football, are al-

*Cameroon dance for joy and football has new idols. By advancing to the quarterfinals in Italia '90, the Africans showed how worthwhile FIFA's development projects had been.*

37

Twenty Years of Presidency

ready reaping the rewards of hard work with their first appearance at a World Cup. It is no longer a secret how much power is packed into the two teams from Korea or how the small Gulf states have swung the wheel round to full steam ahead. In Japan, the J.League has just completed an overwhelmingly successful first season while the vast Chinese empire has again set about reforming its football in an attempt to bridge the gap at the top.

Hanging on outside packed football grounds: the fans' interest in the J. League bowled everyone over. The new professional league changed the face of Japan's sporting scene practically overnight. Intricately planned down to the last detail before actually kicking off, it was never intended to be a flash in the pan. Only clubs that also trained young players were awarded a licence.

38

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
30 YEARS

Football for the Masses

Within two years of his election, João Havelange had already launched a comprehensive programme for “football development aid”, pinpointing the young and weaker national associations in Africa, Asia, Central America and Oceania as the main beneficiaries. With great resolve, FIFA’s President talked the more privileged associations into sharing their know-how and lending out their football coaches, aided and abetted by teaching material provided by FIFA.

Havelange's vision gave rise to the biggest sports development project ever embarked on, a development programme that far exceeded FIFA's

*Number of Courses per Confederation*

39

Twenty Years of Presidency

resources at that time. FIFA's new President not only had the inspiration but the ability and determination to realise it as well, combined with a business acumen unprecedented at FIFA. In the initial stages it was the current General Secretary, Joseph S. Blatter, who was the man of action behind the scenes. Blatter set about coordinating the intense logistical preparation as the Head of the newly formed Technical Department. Helped by his mentor, he first clarified the needs of scores of countries and then gathered together a pool of experts to conduct the courses. At the same time, the teaching material had to be devised and the specialists trained for their big new responsibility.

It was obvious from the start that FIFA would not be able to shoulder such a gigantic undertaking alone. The job of teaching and training coaches, referees, medical and administrative experts would only be viable with the backing of a powerful sponsor. The Coca-Cola Company and adidas, renowned for their worldwide business interests and commitment to sport, came up as ideal partners heading towards a common goal. Providing generous and invaluable support, they enabled FIFA to inject new life into football in the course of its technical activities.

40

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
90 YEARS

"Futuro" is the name of FIFA's new development programme created in conjunction with the sponsor, The Coca-Cola Company. Pictured are the instructors and representatives of FIFA during the introductory seminar in Zurich on 11 and 12 July 1991.

The headway made by the national associations at the receiving end of the development project inspired FIFA to even greater heights. Turning his thoughts to the youth of the world, President Havelange devised a development project intended to enhance the standards of young footballers. Aware that the future of football would only be safeguarded if young players were constantly nurtured, he resolved to strengthen the source of youth football and infrastructure in clubs, where the original seeds are sown and artistry gradually groomed. FIFA thus developed into a service industry that began to utilise the sources available around the world to promote football more purposefully.

The latest project in this cycle has been labelled the "FUTURO" FIFA/Coca-Cola World Football Development Programme. It was conceived as a course of parallel tutorials on the four topics of administration, coaching, refereeing and sports medicine. Comprised of four different experts, the team of instructors gives tuition for a period of six days on every football continent. The new project is tailor-made to suit the specific needs of each confederation and association. The achievements of countries such as Qatar or Australia in youth competitions and

The textbooks in English, French and Spanish for the Futuro courses. The successful programme has been prolonged until 1995.

41

Twenty Years of Presidency

of Cameroon in the World Cup bear testimony to the value of development aid. We have seen on every footballing continent that football is a powerful social magnet for the youth of today, reinforcing self-confidence and nurturing a feeling of togetherness. Opening up the “football experience” to as many young people as possible around the world – an opportunity not to be taken for granted in the current economic and political climate – is and always will be a pre-eminent objective of FIFA and its President.

Number of Participants at FIFA Courses

FIFA's courses, conducted in every corner of the earth, help people to help themselves.

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90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
90 YEARS

# Topics of the Different Development Programmes

"Teaching the teachers" has usually been the motto of each of FIFA's development projects. The teachers' scholarship and the principles on which the courses are based are not restricted to those already in the know but are imparted to other football associates in the country or confederation concerned.

Although the courses of instruction have to follow certain guidelines, they can be adapted from case to case depending on the tutor's experience and ability to improvise. The individual topics are also modified to suit local needs and standards.

Priority treatment has been given to the countries in the confederations of Africa, Asia, South America, Central and North America and the Caribbean and Oceania but every development project has been rounded off with courses dedicated to the smaller national associations in Europe, thus enabling all the continents to benefit from FIFA/Coca-Cola development aid.

## The following is a summary of programmes so far:

**1976-1979: The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Development Programme (Project 1), 1976-1979**

Number of P1 Courses: 74

Originally based on a four-in-one concept devised in the mid-70s by the then Technical Manager and present General Secretary, Joseph S. Blatter, this project for aspiring football countries has lost none of its merit since its inception. Groups of four instructors from FIFA's panel journeyed to 74 different countries to train football specialists in sports administration, coaching, refereeing and sports medicine over a period of ten days.

**1980-1982: The FIFA/Coca-Cola International Academy (Project 7), 1980-1982**

Number of P7 Courses: 16

The second development programme was devised as advanced training for top-notch coaches (national and first-division club coaches). Technicians from nearby national associations attended courses lasting thirteen days at a central location. This project was followed up by

**1984-1986: The FIFA/Coca-Cola International Academy, Part II (Project X), 1984-1986**

Number of PX Courses: 16

Wherever possible, technicians who had attended the previous project were invited to this development programme because the teaching ma-

43

Twenty Years of Presidency

terial drew on the knowledge acquired in Project 7. The courses were again organised in a centrally located and easily accessible country and lasted ten days. Each project contained sixteen courses and the number of participants was limited to 40.

## The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Youth Academy 1987-1990

The development programmes so far had been directed primarily at coaches of top-flight squads and other experts actively involved in football. Then, in the years between 1987 and 1990, eighty-seven courses were conducted for youth team coaches all over the world. Instruction was given over a period of seven days to between 24 and 30 participants with emphasis on coaching methods for youngsters in different age categories.

1987-1990:
Number of
World Youth Academies:
87

## "Futuro": the FIFA/Coca-Cola World Football Development Programme 1991-1995

"Back to our roots" is the motto for the current development project. After consulting the confederations, it was noticed that more work was needed at the grass roots on the topics of coaching, sports administration, refereeing and sports medicine. Returning to the four-in-one format of Project 1, Futuro will ensure an improvement in the standards of every facet of our sport: more efficient associations in developing countries, better refereeing, advanced medical care and, more than anything, higher standards on the pitch itself.

1991- end of 1993:
Number of
"Futuro" Courses:
72

Originally the north-south dialogue took pride of place in the development projects. The results, however, have been so positive that nowadays FIFA is fortunate enough to be able to appoint instructors from Africa, Asia, North and South American and Oceania as tutors in their own confederations.

The present generation of FIFA/Coca-Cola development programmes will be conducted until at least 1995 in this way. In view of their enormous success and popularity, they will in all probability be prolonged into the next century in one way or another.

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90 Years of FIFA

Solidarity with the Young

The internationals in Ghana's under-17
team in Japan's World Championship in
1993 were born in the years in which
FIFA launched its development courses.

FIFA and its indefatigable President were not content to leave it at development projects. The next logical step had to be the creation of world tournaments as a showcase for the talent in the associations that had so far not had the opportunity to shine at a world championship. They were intended as stepping stones for the huge potential in young promise, poised to face a challenge on the international scene.

And a challenge it was indeed – for everyone. From the outset, FIFA was determined to apportion the quota of places among confederations at final competitions more fairly. The President stuck adamantly to his course and the 1977 world tournament in Tunisia eventually became the Under-20 World Championship for the FIFA/Coca-Cola Cup. For the second youth world championship in Mexico in 1983, ninety-four national associations enrolled their teams for the preliminary competition. The reaction among the crowds and the media that thronged to the

45

Twenty Years of Presidency

Youth football is magnetic: a crowd of 127,000 – the biggest gate at a FIFA tournament since the 1950 World Cup final – watched the final game at the 1991 World Youth Championship in Portugal.

venues was no less zealous. In Mexico no fewer than 1.3 million spectators packed the grounds to watch the action. In 1991 when 127,000 fans crammed the stadium to watch the final between Portugal and Brazil, FIFA recorded the second highest gate at any FIFA competition since the 1950 World Cup final.

U-20 Top Four Ranking per Confederation

U-17 Top Four Ranking per Confederation

46

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

The 1991 JVC Cup Tournament ended with an unforgettable gesture of sportsmanship. Though weary and disappointed with their bad luck in the final, the Scottish players formed a lane to applaud their opponents on their return to the dressing rooms. It took all of 15 minutes for the overjoyed Arabs to leave the field - a long wait for the losers who all waited patiently. Scotland was a worthy finalist in a tournament that ended in front of a crowd of 58,000.

Building on the success of the youth world championship, João Havelange argued in favour of a similar competition with a lower age category. The present tournament known as the Under-17 World Championship for the FIFA/JVC Cup was initially staged in 1985 for under 16-year-olds. As a token of equal opportunity, the final competition places were evenly distributed: Europe, South America, Asia, Africa and CONCACAF were each given three slots whereas Oceania, as a continental group, was again allotted one.

The fairer distribution made an immediate imprint on the sports results. At the first tournament in the series held in PR China in 1985, Nigeria went down in history as the first African squad to win a FIFA competition after beating FR Germany in the final. By coming fourth, Guinea underscored the momentous victory. Africa's advance in the youth competition was the first hint that the training courses had served as a sturdy foundation for a soundly structured development. The tool for self-help had borne fruit.

Two years later in Canada, again it was the African representatives who set the pace. Nigeria once more sailed into the final but this time fortune favoured

47

Twenty Years of Presidency

the USSR selection. In 1989 it was Saudi Arabia's turn to take the world by surprise by grabbing the gold medal in Scotland. Bahrain and Nigeria landed fourth and fifth respectively.

At the first official Under-17 World Championship in Italy in 1991, the Ghanaian selection left no doubt as to who were kings of the football field. Ghana are a glowing example of the value of FIFA's development projects based on age categories and gauged by performance scales. Two years later, at the Under-20 World Youth Championship in Australia, Ghana reappeared in the final against Brazil after a flurry of brilliant displays. Eight of the players in the Ghanaian team, which was narrowly defeated 1-2, had competed at the previous Under-17 World Championship.

FIFA's age and performance categories are a valuable means of regularly fine-tuning the available talent around the globe in three-year steps (under-17, under-20, under-23 at the men's Olympic Tournament). In the space of a couple of years, yesterday's also-rans have reaped the benefits of the opportunities given to them. In a few months from now at the World Cup in the USA, newcomers – and not the established football nations – could well be penning a new chapter in the history of football.

At the instigation of Dr João Havelange, in his comfortable rôle as the able and distinguished diplomat, the world of sport twice took a historic turn with the World Youth Championships serving as the catalyst. For the first time ever, a team from PR China appeared in a final round of an official FIFA competition at the first Under-20 World Championship staged in Mexico. It was the climax of many years of negotiations that had culminated in the return of PR China to the FIFA fold at the 1980 Congress held in Zurich, without jeopardising the statutory rights of the other Chinese association with headquarters in Taipei. It was a pioneering coup by FIFA's President that spurred on a number of other sports associations to follow suit. In 1985 PR China reciprocated the FIFA President's initiative as the architect of China's return to the international sporting community by taking on the organisation of the first Under-16 World Tournament.

Then, during the Asian Games in Beijing in 1990, representatives from North and South Korea signed an agreement for reciprocal sports

*Experiments in youth football: valuable conclusions were drawn as regards the effectiveness of the back pass rule and an off-side line at the perimeter of the penalty area at the 1991 Under-17 World Championship in Italy.*

*Brazil's youngsters, who sambaed to victory in the under-20 world championship in Australia, have a world title in their pockets and their whole lives ahead of them.*

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90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
90 YEARS

FIFA made the most of the last two World Youth Championships as a testing ground for two experiments with the Laws and a possible change to the competition format (replacing traditional extra time with the “golden goal” solution). The Football 2000 Task Force, comprised of top-flight specialists chosen to analyse problematic areas of football, was upgraded for these tournaments with the inclusion of experienced coaches, referees, footballers and sports doctors. A new rule enforced at these world championships stipulated that if two teams were neck and neck after the group rounds, the participants’ fair play record during the tournament would act as the deciding factor.

49

Twenty Years of Presidency

activities that paved the way to international friendly games being played in their respective capitals. These negotiations reached a climax when the football associations of the divided country lined up one united team at the sixth Under-20 World Championship in Portugal in 1991. Under a joint flag this selection carved its way into the quarter finals. Once again the sports movement – and particularly football – had helped to bury the contentious past and overcome the sinister consequences.

## Gratitude to Sponsors

Without the cooperation and support of sponsors none of these youth championships would ever have come about. Two international companies, renowned for their interest in sport, declared an interest in the two competitions and ever since their names have been associated with either one or the other tournament. Now, the under-20 age category competes for the FIFA/Coca-Cola Cup and the under-17 group for the FIFA/JVC Cup. The two companies have loyally demonstrated their commitment to the development of football throughout the youth of the world and FIFA is truly grateful for their partnership.

Flowers and congratulations: the women at the world championship in China demolished the wall of prejudice with a display of imaginative and technical flair.

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90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

## Women's Football

# Football and the Other Half

A proposal by the Norwegian associations's delegate, Ellen Wille, at the 45th FIFA Congress in Mexico City in 1986 acted as a torch which lit the way for a movement that serves as a shining example of FIFA's readiness for change. On behalf of her association and all women footballers, Ellen Wille impressed upon FIFA that more should be done to further women's football and unfold the latent potential in this sector of the game.

To the surprise of one or two male delegates present, the reply re-sounded more clearly and firmly than anyone had expected. Presiding over the debates at the Congress, João Havelange not only agreed entirely with the Norwegian lady representative but assured her that he personally would back the women's football movement, setting up an ad hoc committee as the first step.

Havelange and General Secretary Blatter were serious about support-ing the women's sector. As a long-serving member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Havelange had seen for himself how women had been allowed to compete as equals in a variety of Olympic disciplines to the sheer delight of the crowds. It was only a question of time before women would be beating the drum for their own world foot-ball tournament. If football genuinely intended to achieve universal appeal, it could not turn its back on the female half of the world's popula-tion. Following the FIFA President's consent, the women's football scene in pioneering countries such as Norway, Sweden, Germany, Italy and the USA - where 40 per cent of all the players enrolled with clubs are girls and women - was given a shot in the arm. The prospects of a world championship afforded women's football an arena that would highlight the attractiveness and style of this type of football. In any case, it was high time to snuff out any remaining prejudice, which, although un-founded, would still be difficult to eradicate.

Sure enough, in 1988 a tournament was staged in the province of Guangdong in southern China as a testing ground for a world champi-onship. The high standards of play coupled with the scramble for tickets convinced the world governing body and its special committee that they were steering in the right direction. The auspicious start motivated the World Cup's official sponsors to cultivate an interest in women's foot-ball. Barely three years later, twelve national teams from all over the world gathered in southern China where the women footballers enrap-

51

Twenty Years of Presidency

tured the football world in Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) and four other towns in Guangdong province. Spurred on by spirited crowds, they demolished the wall of prejudice that had hitherto thwarted their progress with displays of technique, imagination and dynamism at their first world championship in PR China. The positive impression was perpetuated when the FIFA Referees' Committee appointed women to officiate as referees and to act on the touchline for one of the matches. The high point came when, for the first time in the history of a FIFA competition, Claudia de Vasconcelos from Brazil competently refereed the playoff for third place as though it was second nature.

China '91 was a solid foundation on which to build. Responding to a suggestion from women players and officials that there was still a great deal of groundwork to be done, FIFA invited interested parties to a seminar in Zurich in autumn 1992. The outcome was a somewhat sobering experience in spite of encouraging signs of growth in the USA and some leading European footballing countries. Elsewhere, however, social conventions stand in the way of a breakthrough for women's football. Even in those countries where women's football is widely played and supported by industry, there is a disconcerting lack of resources for a professional league to be set up for them at the top of the scale.

The infrastructure for men's football took decades to develop before it acquired the predominance it enjoys today. Women's football ventured its first hesitant steps at

52

Gracefulness at the opening ceremony of the first Women's World Championship.

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
90 YEARS

the end of the last century but, in spite of widespread popularity over the past twenty years, it is still very much in its infancy. This is where the associations come in. It is now up to them to nurture women's football actively (it is, after all, the most popular women's team sport in the world) by incorporating it, for example, in their general television and marketing contracts.

FIFA and the International Olympic Committee have done their share to help women's football clear the initial hurdles. The second Women's World Championship, due to be held in Sweden in 1995, and the inclusion of women's football as a discipline in the programmes of the Olympic Games will certainly add a new dimension to this branch of football.

Women only was the order of the day for the play-off for third place in China: referee Claudia de Vas-concelos from Brazil supervising the choice of sides with Pia Sundhage (Sweden, on left) and Marion Isbert (Germany).

Twenty Years of Presidency

Futsal – No Minority Sport

Critics of indoor football look down on it disparagingly as a mere pastime or mini-circus banished to the in-between season and treated like the poor relation. The crowds that turned out in their thousands to watch the second Indoor Football Championship at the Coliseum in the British crown colony of Hong Kong in 1992 destroyed this myth in the space of a few weeks.

There they were treated to an entertaining repertoire of technique from the players and endless action-packed scenes in the goalmouth. Indoor or five-a-side football lavishes action on the spectator where large-scale football tends to understate, an element which may be attributed to the Laws for Indoor Football. They were revised after the first Indoor Football World Championship in the Netherlands in 1989, lending indoor football a distinct identity of its own. Played on a pitch with an ordinary touchline and without rebound boards as in traditional

Countless spectators flocked to the Coliseum in Hong Kong to watch agile, filigree technicians and not gladiators in action. The 1992 Indoor Football Championship resulted in a second title for the favourites, Brazil. It had also given FIFA proof that this branch of football and its revised Laws (allowing play without rebound boards) were on the right track.

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90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
50 YEARS

football, it now enjoys a far greater
following than rumour would
have it. With millions of regis-
tered players competing for cham-
pionship or cup honours in int-
tense competition activity, espe-
cially in Brazil, Spain, Italy and
the Netherlands, it is not a rival to
its big brother but, indeed, a com-
plement and a way of keeping
trim.

FIFA has always been heedful
of fulfilling its statutory obliga-
tions to further all forms of foot-
ball. Variety being the spice of life,
indoor or five-a-side football is nurtured as carefully as the well
entrenched branches of the game. The noticeable rise in
standards at the World Championship in Hong Kong and the
positive outcome of modifying the Laws testify to the fact that
indoor football is heading in the right direction.

Havelange would not be Havelange if he had turned his
back on “futbol sala” (“futsal” for short) or indoor football, in
spite of all the reservations about it. He was the prime mover
behind the first tournament held in 1986 under the patronage
of FIFA. Since then two world championships have been
staged and now Spain has announced its bid for the next com-
petition in the series in 1996. Because Havelange sees himself
not only as a custodian but as a pioneer as well, he has made it
a personal crusade to provide every footballer, regardless of
race, with the same basic opportunities, irrespective of the type
of football. The winner as a result of adhering to these princi-
ples is not the select few but football as a whole.

55

Twenty Years of Presidency

# Awareness of Fair Play and Safety

Over the past few years, Dr João Havelange has committed himself to eradicating two basic problem areas. One is the revival of fair play and the other is safety in the stadia. At the Congress in Zurich in 1988 he personally presided over a newly established committee which included the President of each confederation as well.

Following up this initiative, FIFA launched a global fair play campaign at the 1988 Congress in Zurich with Pelé as the ambassador and a yellow card as the symbol - a reminder to exercise caution and a warning

## FIFA Fair Play Awards

<table><thead><tr><td>Year</td><td>Winner</td><td>Award Presentation</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1987</td><td>Fans of F.C. Dundee United</td><td>Dundee, 19.8.88</td></tr><tr><td>1988</td><td>Frank Ordenewitz</td><td>ZDF Sport Studio, 10.12.88</td></tr><tr><td>1988</td><td>Spectators of the Olympic Football Tournament Seoul '88</td><td>International match Korea Rep.-Nepal, 25.5.89</td></tr><tr><td>1989</td><td>Spectators Trinidad&amp;Tobago</td><td>FIFA Congress Rome, 6.6.90</td></tr><tr><td>1990</td><td>Gary Lineker</td><td>RTL Bonn Sport Gala, 7.1.91</td></tr><tr><td>1991</td><td>RFEF (Spanish Football Federation)</td><td>FIFA Congress Zurich, 2.7.92</td></tr><tr><td>1991</td><td>Jorginho</td><td>FIFA Congress Zurich, 2.7.92</td></tr><tr><td>1992</td><td>URBSFA (Belgian Football Association)</td><td>URBSFA Headquarters Brussels, 13.8.93</td></tr></tbody></table>

56

90 Years of FIFA

against disruptive behaviour. The effect of the yellow card on football pitches all over the world is unmistakable: "Stop – that's enough!" and it applies to everybody who resorts to cynical conduct, whether spectator or player.

Aggression among football crowds misusing the stadium as a public forum can be triggered off by contentious football. Rough behaviour on the pitch often sends ripples of resentment through the terraces. Until very recently radical groups abused the sports arena as a platform for their misguided causes. Although they have little to do with the game of football itself they constitute a high risk of potential violence.

FIFA's simple message is an attempt to generate tolerance: respect the opponent, the referee and different cultures. The ultimate objective is a long-term educational programme to enhance the social and cultural

In 1988 FIFA launched a fair play campaign at the 46th Congress in Zurich. The idea was pursued by several associations. Spain's endeavours were so outstanding in 1992 that the association was awarded the Fair Play Prize.

57

Twenty Years of Presidency

significance of football in the tradition of fair play. It has been gratifying and reassuring of late to detect a gradual transformation. Crowd behaviour is beginning to reflect more unalloyed joy and less unbridled aggression. The associations' and clubs' endeavours to integrate spectators into the action on a social plane and to encourage families to return to the stadium by creating sectors especially reserved for them are steps along the right track.

Although the motto in 1994, a World Cup year, is the same, a new trophy and a new logo – presents from FIFA's marketing partner, ISL – will give the world governing body's campaign added momentum. Snickers, one of the World Cup's sponsors, has taken the fair play slogan to heart by displaying it on the packaging of millions of its products. The motto "success and victory at any price" coupled with the loss of respect and sportsmanship has become a feature of modern society. Some

people resort to any means, including devious ones, in order to win – a trend evident in top-class football as well. For them, the sole target is the final result. But the price is often too high and the ideal of fair play often kicked in the teeth in the process.

In this context, the referee is a pivotal figure. It his job to interpret the Laws in the spirit of the game and to keep a tight hold of the reins on the field of play. The "travelling judges" are those who set the bounds of fair play. It is up to them to ensure that top-flight football remains a game and does not degenerate into a pitched battle, contested with little re-

58

The new Fair Play Trophy sponsored by
FIFA's marketing partner, ISL.

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
30 YEARS

Fair play in action: the opponent has reached the ball faster so the attacker leaps over him.

© FIFA 93 TM

Same card, new logo: the yellow card is still the symbol for FIFA's fair play campaign.

respect from the players for the well-being of their opponents. Referees are given far-reaching responsibilities to carry out their job but one demand is made of them which they must observe: that the Laws of the Game are strictly enforced.

Unfortunately it is often not enough, as they are the only amateurs on the pitch, harassed by players and coaches and hounded by criticism from the crowds and analysis by the media. In recogni-

59

Twenty Years of Presidency

tion of the vital rôle played by ref-
erees, FIFA offers them up-to-
date training, has set an upper age
limit and created specialised lines-
men. FIFA is also backing asso-
ciations such as Italy, which has
given the official seal to profes-
sional refereeing in top-flight
football.

The referee's performance on the pitch is assessed these days by modern technical equipment. The method devised by Paolo Casarin a member of the Referees' Committee, proved that the Danish referee, Damgaard, had run 11.3 km during 80 minutes of play at a match of the Under-17 World Championship in Italy.

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90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

Another urgent issue of late has been the question of safety in the stadia. The Heysel Stadium tragedy in Brussels, the woeful Saturday in Sheffield and the disaster in Bastia will have shaken the remaining few into taking appropriate action to avoid a recurrence of such incidents. After these incidents, the FIFA Executive Committee at the request of President João Havelange passed an unequivocal resolution on the issue of safety.

The question of refurbishing existing stadia to provide separate seats for spectators has been high on FIFA's agenda for years. This fundamental requirement must become a matter of course as the twentieth century draws to a close. Other prerequisites are safe and easy access to the exits, medical and first-aid services, refreshment

Technical Recommendations
and Requirements
for the Construction
of New Stadia

All-seater stadia - such as the Renato dall'Ara in Bologna renovated especially for the 1990 World Cup - are a must for the spectator's safety.

Twenty Years of Presidency

stands and public conveniences. Fully aware of its responsibility towards spectators and players, the world governing body has refused to make allowances or to compromise on these points. It has therefore directed national associations to remind the organisers of football matches, regardless of the level, of their responsibility as hosts.

*The customary boardings surrounding the pitch are still some of the best possible outlets for advertising.*

After the tragedy in Bastia, FIFA issued a moratorium on the construction and use of temporary stands, which was converted into an overall ban at the end of 1993. FIFA has also directed all its associations to conduct a thorough technical inspection of their stadia, especially those over 25 years old and with multi-tiered stands.

Fair play and safety can only be assured when everyone involved is made aware of his or her responsibility and cooperates in the campaign. Football is only a cause for celebration if it is played in a safe environment with referees who are determined to implement the Laws and players who respect their opponents.

FIFA and The Coca-Cola Company sealed the prolongation of their partnership up to the year 2000 at a small ceremony at the 1990 World Cup in Italy.

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90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

## Football is a Product –
FIFA an Enterprise

Over the past twenty years football has not only taken root as the world's major game in an ephemeral world but has also blossomed in other branches of society, commerce and politics. Football, more than any other factor, has enveloped whole regions, people and nations. With approximately two hundred million active players it now constitutes a substantial chunk of the leisure industry, having opened up new markets for itself and for the rest of the business world. The potential has yet to be exhausted, especially in Asia and North America.

For FIFA to have flourished as a sports association in this way is largely thanks to João Havelange's initiative and work. A lawyer by training and a highly successful businessman, he has, for the past twenty years, drawn on his wealth of experience as an industrialist and given

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Twenty Years of Presidency

football the dynamic impetus needed to keep pace with modern times. His concern was not just to assure the existence of FIFA but to transform it into a business-like enterprise that would withstand the challenges of the next millenium.

His staunch partner in the international promotion of football turned out to be television. FIFA acknowledges the fact that its collaboration with the international television consortium triggered off the boom in the world's paramount sport. As far back as 1987, the two parties sharing a mutual interest in football discerningly concluded contracts covering the World Cup competitions in 1990, 1994 and 1998. Time and again the World Cup has yielded astonishing figures as evidence that FIFA's work with the consortium has managed to achieve the objectives. The fifty-two matches in the 1986 World Cup, for instance, were viewed by 12.8 thousand million people. Four years later at the '90 World Cup in Italy, this figure had more than doubled to 26.7 thousand million while one thousand and sixty million people watched the final alone. For 1994 estimates have been made at around 31 thousand million televiewers.

The significance of football and its high standing with television ultimately transformed the two-way relationship into a triangle: football/ television/advertising is the magic formula furnishing the backdrop, with the World Cup at the heart of the action. A group of international companies selected as sponsors belonging to the FIFA family has gradually emerged as benefactors for the World Cup final competition and other FIFA tournaments, enjoying certain privileges during the tournaments. In spite of their commitment to football they never interfere with the sporting and technical arrangements of matches.

The financial future of FIFA has thus been safeguarded to the end of the century on the strength of television and advertising contracts. While The Coca-Cola Company sponsors global development and training programmes as well as the Under-20 World Youth Championship for the FIFA/Coca-Cola Cup, the Under-17 World Championship enjoys the backing of JVC. This support enables FIFA to concentrate on the future, relieved of untoward day-to-day pressures.

In this context FIFA is aware that the autonomy of football must be safeguarded and that political interference in its affairs cannot be tolerated. It has declared in no uncertain terms that television rights are not

64

Twenty Years of Presidency

**USA '94 –**
*an Investment in the Future*

The ball skimmed over the short cropped, vivid green turf, weaving backwards and forwards from one player to another as if attached to a spindle. England and Germany were, as ever, battling it out but this time under completely different conditions. The site of the action was not any old stadium but one entirely under cover – the Silverdome in Pontiac near Detroit in the state of Michigan, USA. It is a giant arena protecting both players and the crowd of 62,000 from the elements, a gigantic sports ground containing every basic amenity including natural turf that stood up well to the rigours of a World Cup trial run. On 19 June 1993 a new era opened up for football in the Silverdome, the “prototype for the future”, according to coaches, players and other experts.

What was subsequently described as a huge success would have been unthinkable in the mid-80s. But where else, if not in the USA, the land

66

Twenty Years of Presidency

On the contrary, the idea (written off by some as “crazy”) had been inspired by an English immigrant to the USA and former manager of a club in NASL, who was imbued with the notion that the sun, wind and rain were as essential to football as corners, offside and penalties. Moving indoors into the sports hall is obviously a calculated risk. Challenged as the traditional stronghold of the world’s favourite sport by a new style of recreation, football felt the need to advance into areas where it had hitherto been neglected in favour of other sports. Football and sport – to some degree a symbol of the Old World – had ventured to the New World on a voyage of discovery to face the greatest challenge so far while poised on the threshold of the next century.

Criticism has often been levellled against the award of the World Cup to a country without a soccer tradition and doubts were expressed that football was being reduced to a tool for advertising, a circus surrounded by laymen. FIFA and its President have never made a secret of their belief that football could do with a gentle facelift and should open new doors. But neither the committees nor the International Football Association Board have ever pandered to short-lived fads. A tool such as the Laws of the Game that have taken years to evolve must not be abused for the sake of illusory experiment and short-lived thrills.

America – in the broadest sense – stands as a symbol for Havelange and his era at the helm of FIFA. Havelange, whose family emigrated from Belgium to Brazil to build a new life, embodies both continents in

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90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
20 YEARS

Soccer fans in the cosy company of the television set.

one person. His open-mindedness and interest in other countries and cultures explain his cosmopolitan ways. His tireless initiative has mobilised the Third World to support him and refute the sceptics in traditional football countries who once scorned his ideas. USA '94 will be his World Cup, his legacy to football, which he has already steered into the next millenium with his creative imagination and modern ideas.

It is futile to try to dispel the scepticism with so many critics unwilling to admit that their apprehension was unfounded. Apart from the introduction of the law on the back pass – nowadays generally welcomed as a highly constructive innovation – the Laws of the Game have remained intact. The fear of Americanised television broadcasts of football, churned up by commercials, has proved just as groundless. Advertisers have, in fact, agreed to continue screening their commercials before and after matches and at half-time.

An agreement reached with the American television market has been tailored to local conditions. With a long record of experience in televising football, the European Broadcasting Union will produce the international television signal and guarantee first-rate broadcasting quality. ABC, one of the three big networks in the USA, and its cable channel, ESPN, will be responsible for national transmission of the matches without having to bear the burden of responsibilities of host broadcaster.

The award of the 1994 World Cup in the USA was therefore not a sudden whim. On the contrary, holding the World Cup in this vast country is an investment in the future of football. Let us remember that in 1983 when the USA offered to host the 1986 World Cup instead of Colombia, which had withdrawn, FIFA chose to award it to Mexico. The world governing body of football was waiting for the right bid at the right time, largely because there was more than the World Cup itself at stake; it was also a question of installing football as a permanent feature of the American sporting panorama. When FIFA awarded the World Cup to the USA on 4 July 1988, it emphasised that the objective was not limited to the organisation of the greatest single sports event in the world but also involved the establishment of a national league. On that condition FIFA invested its most precious product, the World Cup, in the future of football in the USA in the hope of receiving fresh momentum and new footballing markets in the New World in return.

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Twenty Years of Presidency

In this context, the Silverdome stands for the model stadium of the future. Features that have sometimes been sorely neglected in recent years, such as safety precautions and modern amenities for the spectator or arranging sports events as social occasions, must take top priority even in those countries with a long tradition of football. Experts' findings from the Silverdome experiment have aroused widespread interest in Europe where many plans for multi-purpose arena are waiting in the pipelines for suitable technology, such as natural turf, to help them hatch. Football will have learned something from its new surroundings and somewhat unconventional methods just as the USA will have benefited from a sport which is still a little unfamiliar to American culture.

The land of opportunity lives up to its reputation: Kentucky blue grass, cultivated in California and transported to the Silverdome in lorries.

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Twenty Years of Presidency

# On the Brink of the Next Century –
and Millenium

FIFA is busy paving the way for transition into the next century, always vigilant about furthering the world's foremost game, supervising international competitions and interpreting the Laws of the Game.

The struggle to curb destructive play will continue to be high on the agenda. But FIFA is also conscious of the need to inject football with positive impetus, to create more flow, rhythm and goals – in short, to raise the level of the game. The “Football 2000 Task Force”, which meets regularly with varying membership as a kind of forum to analyse current issues and propose suitable solutions, has already earned the status of a think tank. It was the guiding light in introducing improvements such as the back pass rule.

Its suggestions range from better protection for the player to a ban on tackling from behind and to proposals as to how clubs, as the nucleus of our sport, could recover a healthy financial glow. The discussions conducted by this circle of experts were especially constructive when it came to the Laws of the Game and served as the prelude for consultations with the International Football Association Board. The debates on the pros and cons of the offside rule were revived in the knowledge that that which has proved appropriate ought to be maintained whereas any proposals for innovations should not be rejected “a priori” even if at first sight they might seem unsuitable.

As we step into the next century, FIFA will be mindful of its President's wish to keep an eye on the grass roots. Given that football is comprised of more than an medley of national or club teams topping the charts, it will have to continue serving as a binding element, a kind of social adhesive. Only a sturdy and broad foundation will guarantee football

David Will, the Chairman of the Referees' Committee, presenting the match officials' new outfits.

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90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
90 YEARS

ball's future as the unequivocal king of world sport, so FIFA must leave
no stone unturned in its endeavours to uphold traditional sporting
values.

This leads us to the subject of referees, who are once again under the spotlight. Since the last World Cup, FIFA has stepped up its campaign for professional football to be controlled by professional referees. The current experiment in Italy has been closely monitored by FIFA and found to be convincing. The logic has been borne out that highly-paid players respond better to a match official whom they can respect because he, too, makes the game his professional career. Encouraged by the results of the experience in Italy and elsewhere, FIFA continues to urge other leading football countries to introduce a similar system.

The introduction of specialist linesmen is another major innovation
in an area of football which has for too long tended to resist change of
any kind. The 1990 World Cup had acted as a watershed for a clear dis-

*A desert flower: the breath-taking architecture and state-of-the-art facilities at the King Fahd Stadium in the Saudi Arabian capital, Riyadh.*

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Twenty Years of Presidency

tinction to be made between linesmen and referees at top international
level.

FIFA's other struggle will be to combat detrimental trends. Breaches of fair play must be punished more consistently by referees and stadia must be prevented from being used as arenas for aggressive behaviour from fringe groups thirsting after cheap publicity. Insisting on stadia that are equipped exclusively with individual seats has been a giant step forward. In the opinion of Dr João Havelange: "Fans who are seated do not start a brawl". The safety element in stadia automatically improves with stricter supervision of the field, more accessible exits and entrances and modern facilities. In any case, the message is unequivocal: the tragedies in Brussels, Sheffield and Bastia must never recur.

England, the motherland of football, has taken the lead in building and refurbishing stadia. The sites for future World Cup qualifying and final matches will be models of perfection and there is no end to the ideas for renovation. One new plan at Juventus Turin, for example, is called "area famiglia", sectors reserved exclusively for families.

In the years to come, the world map of football will have to be recharted. As a result of the 15th World Cup in the USA, soccer ("football" refers to another type of sport there) will have gained enough ground to share the headlines with basketball, baseball, ice hockey and football. All the signs point to the 1994 World Cup final competition acting as a catalyst for a profitable league which has long nurtured a mine of amateur talent in high schools and colleges.

In 2002, the next century's first World Cup could well take place in Asia for the first time instead of the old rota of Europe, South or Central or North America. In spring 1993, the first season of a professional league took off vertically in Japan with a frantic scramble for tickets. Now the Japanese association is actively bidding to host the World Cup in 2002. China has already been the backdrop for an under-16 world tournament and the first Women's World Championship in 1991.

With the active cooperation of its national associations, FIFA will have to keep a balance between football and television. The glut of football highlights on television tends to deprive clubs of some of their fans and consequently of much needed revenue. It is widely acknowledged

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Twenty Years of Presidency

Significant Dates in FIFA's Development

1904 FIFA is founded in Paris on 21 May 1904 by the following associations: France, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland

1908 1st Olympic Football Tournament

1930 First World Cup with 13 teams in Uruguay

1934 2nd World Cup with 16 teams in Italy

1937-38 The Laws are laid down in a new system of codification but based on the Laws previously in force

1938 3rd World Cup in France

1946 Re admission of the 4 British Associations

1950 4th World Cup in Brazil

1954 5th World Cup in Switzerland

1958 6th World Cup in Sweden

1962 7th World Cup in Chile

1966 8th World Cup in England – 1st worldwide television transmission

1970 9th World Cup in Mexico

1974 10th World Cup in Germany – Election of President Havelange

1976 First FIFA/Coca-Cola Company partnership with the
FIFA/Coca-Cola World Football Development Programme 1976-79

1977 1st FIFA World Youth Tournament for the Coca-Cola Cup in Tunisia

1978 11th World Cup in Argentina

1979 75th Anniversary of FIFA – Inauguration of the new FIFA House

1980 FIFA/Coca-Cola International Academy 1980-82

1981 1st World Youth Championship for the FIFA/Coca-Cola Cup in Australia

1982 12th World Cup with 24 teams in Spain

1984 FIFA/Coca-Cola International Academy Part II, 1984-86 / FIFA's 80th anniversary, FIFA Order of Merit

1985 1st FIFA U-16 World Tournament in China

1986 13th World Cup in Mexico

1987 The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Football Youth Academy 1987-90

1988 1st International FIFA Women's Tournament in China, Start of fair play campaign

1989 1st FIFA World Championship for Five-a-side Football in The Netherlands

1990 14th World Cup in Italy

1991 1st U-17 World Championship in Italy

1991 1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football in China

1991 "Futuro" - The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Football Development Programme 1991-1995

1994 15th World Cup in the USA

76

90 Years of FIFA

FIFA
30 YEARS

Canon

Enjoy Coca-Cola

Energizer®

FUJIFILM

General Motors

Gillette

JVC

MasterCard

M McDonald's®

PHILIPS

SNICKERS®

BRAND

The support given by promi-
nent companies has become indis-
pensable for football. FIFA
wishes to express sincere thanks to
the official sponsors of the 1994
World Cup for their generosity.

87

Twenty Years of Presidency

Contents

3 Preface by the FIFA Senior Vice President

4 Doors Wide Open to the World

8 Curriculum Vitae of the FIFA President

14 Sepp Blatter: João Havelange as I Know Him

18 Confederations - The Continental Pillars of World Football

20 Congratulations from South America - Conmebol

22 Congratulations from Europe - UEFA

24 Congratulations from Asia - AFC

26 Congratulations from Africa - CAF

28 Congratulations from North/Central America and the Caribbean -ConCACAF

30 Greetings from Oceania - OFC

32 João Havelange - The Father of the Twenty-four Competitor World Cup

39 Football for the Masses

43 Topics of the FIFA Development Programmes

45 Solidarity with the Young The FIFA World Championships for Under-17 and Under-20 Players

51 Women's Football - Football and the Other Half

54 Indoor Football: Futsal - No Minority Sport

56 Awareness of Fair Play and Safety

63 Football is a Product - FIFA an Enterprise

66 USA '94 - An Investment in the Future

72 On the Brink of the Next Century - and Millenium

76 Significant Dates in FIFA's Development

77 Congratulations! The 190 present and prospective members of FIFA congratulate FIFA and its President on their respective anniversaries, represented by the national associations' emblems

88