WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

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The filing time shown in the date line on domestic telegrams is LOCAL TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is LOCAL TIME at point of destination

NB240 (20) BB659

N B AHD043 AHZ002 AHZ002 LONG NL PD
AH NEW YORK NY 28

LANGSTON HUGHES, DLR TUE SEPT 29

20 E 127 ST NYK

MYTHS ABOUT RELATIONSHIP OF CRIME TO RACE ARE EXPLODED BY
DR. MARVIN WOLFGANG, NOTED SOCIOLOGIST AND CRIME SPECIALIST,
IN CHALLENGING BOOKLET, CRIME AND RACE: CONCEPTIONS AND MISCONCEPTIONS
TO BE PUBLISHED TOMORROW BY INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RELATIONS
PRESS. WOLFGANG, PRESIDENT OF PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY AND
PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, WILL
DISCUSS WIDELY HELD MISCONCEPTIONS -- THAT NEGROES COMMIT MORE
CRIMES THAN WHITES, FOR EXAMPLE, AND THAT HIGH CRIME RATE IN
SOUTH RESULTS FROM LARGE NUMBER OF NEGROES LIVING THERE-- AT
LUNCHEON PRESS CONFERENCE WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, AT 12:30
PM AT AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE'S INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RELATIONS,

1964 SEP 28 PM 10 27

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

165 E 56TH ST. HE WILL SUMMARIZE HIS FINDINGS, AND ANSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT RECENT RIOTS AND OTHER TIMELY MATTERS. JOINING IN DISCUSSION WILL BE CHARLES E. SILBERMAN, AUTHOR OF CRISIS IN BLACK AND WHITE, CURRENT BEST-SELLING BOOK ANALYZING NEGRO PROBLEMS, AND MORRIS B. ABRAM, NOTED CONSTITUTIONAL LAYWER AND PRESIDENT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE, WHO HEADED CITIZENS CRIME COMMISSION UOMISSION IN HIS NATIVE ATLANTA, GEORGIA. YOU OR YOUR REPRESENTATIVE CORDIALLY INVITED MORTON YARMON DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE.

1964 SEP 28 PM 10

<table><tr><td>CLASS OF SERVICE</td></tr><tr><td>This is a fast message unless its deferred character is indicated by the proper symbol.</td></tr></table>

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

<table><tr><td>SYMBOLS</td></tr><tr><td>DL = Day Letter</td></tr><tr><td>NL = Night Letter</td></tr><tr><td>LT = International Letter Telegram</td></tr></table>

NB105 (54) YE619 BA615
N B AHB320 AHZ6 AHZ6 NL PD
AH NEW YORK NY 7
LANGSTON HUGHES, DLR 900 AM
20 EAST 127 ST NYK HB

1965 JAN 7 PM 11 03

POLICE COMMISSIONER MICHAEL J MURPHY WILL DELIVER A MAJOR CIVIL RIGHTS POLICY ADDRESS SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 1965, AT 12:30 P.M. AT A LUNCHEON FORUM MEETING OF THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE'S NEW YORK CHAPTER, IN THE TERRACE ROOM, HOTEL PLAZA, 59TH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE. HIS TOPIC: "NEW YORK CITY'S POLICE IN A CHANGING SOCIETY -- A VIEWPOINT FOR 1965." AFTER HIS ADDRESS, THE COMMISSIONER WILL ANSWER QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE. COMMUNITY LEADERS HAVE BEEN INVITED TO ATTEND AS GUESTS OF AJC CHAPTER. YOUR COVERAGE WELCOME

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

ND 201 (03)(09)BA757 N
B AHD101 AH22 AH22 NL PD AR
AH NEW YORK NY 17
LANGSTON HUGHES
20 EAST 127 ST NYK

1965 MAR 17 PM 11 11

MORE THAN 200 TOP-RANKING EDUCATORS, LEGISLATORS, AND CIVIC LEADERS WILL MEET FRIDAY, MARCH 19, AT ALL-DAY CONFERENCE AT BILMORE HOTEL, NEW YORK CITY, TO EXAMINE HIGHER EDUCATION IN NEW YORK STATE, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE, AND TO DETERMINE ITS ABILITY TO MEET CURRENT AND FUTURE NEEDS OF STATE'S BURGEONING YOUTH POPULATION. PETER P. MUIRHEAD, ASSOCIATE COMMISSIONER FOR HIGHER EDUCATION OF U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION AND DIRECTOR OF ITS BUREAU OF HIGHER EDUCATION, WILL EXPLAIN FEDERAL INTERESTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN MAJOR ADDRESS AT LUNCHEON SESSION AT 12:15 P.M. IN BOWMAN ROOM. MORNING SESSION, STARTING 9:30 A.M. IN VISTA ROOM, WILL DISCUSS PROJECTED NEEDS FOR NEXT DECADE,

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

<table><thead><tr><th>SYMBOLS</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DL= Day Letter</td></tr><tr><td>NL= Night Letter</td></tr><tr><td>LT= International Letter Telegram</td></tr></tbody></table>

The filing time shown in the date line on domestic telegrams is LOCAL TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is LOCAL TIME at point of destination.

ANALYZE BOARD OF REGENTS MASTER PLAN FOR INTERRELATING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND OTHER PLANS BEING OFFERED. PANEL CHAIRMANNED BY ORIN LEHMAN, PRESIDENT OF NEW YORK CITIZENS COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION, WILL INCLUDE DR. ALBERT H. BOWKER, CHANCELLOR OF CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK; DR. SAMUEL B. GOULD, PRESIDENT OF STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK; DR. EDWARD J. MORTOLA, PRESIDENT OF PACE COLLEGE. AFTERNOON SESSION STARTING 2:30 P.M. IN BOWMAN ROOM ON GUARANTEEING COLLEGE ADMISSION FOR QUALIFIED HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES WILL CONSIDER ADMISSIONS PROBLEMS, EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISADVANTAGE TO YOUTH, FINANCING OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN STATE. PANELISTS WILL BE DR. WILLIAM RONAN, SECRETARY TO GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER; PROFESSOR ARNOLD GOREN, DIRECTOR OF ADMISSIONS AT NYU; PROFESSOR PRESTON WILCOX, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK.

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

CHAIRMAN WILL BE DR. MARTIN DWORKIS, PRESIDENT OF BOROUGH 17 PM 11 11
OF MANHATTAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE. CO-CHAIRMEN OF CONFERENCE,
CALLED BY 35 CIVIC, EDUCATION, CIVIL RIGHTS, AND TEACHERS ORGANIZATION
S, ARE OR IN LEHMAN AND EDWARD MOLDOVER, CHAIRMAN, HIGHER EDUCATION
COMMITTEE, NEW YORK CHAPTER OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE, WHO
WILL CHAIRMAN LUNCHEON SESSION. PRESS FACILITIES SUPERVISED
BY LENORE KAHN AVAILABLE AT ALL SESSIONS INCLUDING LUNCH. FRIDAY
SHE WILL BE REACHABLE AT MURRAY HILL 7-7000, EXTENSION 1851.

YOUR COVERAGE IS WELCOME

MURRAY RAIM
SEYMOUR S WEISMAN
CONFERENCE DIRECTORS
PLAZA 1-4000

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

<table><tr><td colspan="2">SYMBOLS</td></tr><tr><td>DL=</td><td>Day Letter</td></tr><tr><td>NL=</td><td>Night Letter</td></tr><tr><td>LT=</td><td>International Letter Telegram</td></tr></table>

NA 079 (39)(14)BA907
B AHB239 AHZ3 AHZ3 NL PD FAX AH NEW YORK NY 18

1965 MAR 18 PM 9 54

DELIVER FRIDAY 9 AM 3/19/65

NYC ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS JACOB LANDERS, COORDINATOR OF BOARD OF EDUCATION'S STEPPED-UP INTEGRATION PLAN AND CHIEF ARCHITECT OF CONTROVERSIAL GROSS REPORT, WILL MAKE FIRST MAJOR ADDRESS SINCE REPORT WAS MADE PUBLIC LAST WEEK ON BASIC SCHOOL POLICY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE OF URBAN SCHOOLS, AT LUNCHEON FORUM SUNDAY, MARCH 21, AT 12:30 PM AT PLAZA HOTEL'S TERRACE ROOM, 59TH ST. AND FIFTH AVE., SPONSORED BY NEW YORK CHAPTER OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE. MR. LANDERS WILL DISCUSS THREE-PRONGED POLICY OF INTEGRATION, QUALITY EDUCATION, AND SCHOOL REORGANIZATION, CONTRAST NEW YORK CITY'S SCHOOL SYSTEM WITH THOSE IN OTHER CITIES THROUGHOUT COUNTRY, ANALYZE VARIOUS

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

1965 MAR 18 PM 9 54

PROPOSALS INCLUDING ALLEN PLAN AFTER HIS ADDRESS, MR. LANDERS WILL ANSWER QUESTIONS FROM AUDIENCE AND BE AVAILABLE FOR PRESS INTERVIEWS. COMMUNITY LEADERS HAVE BEEN INVITED TO ATTEND WS GUESTS OF AJC CHAPTER. YOUR COVERAGE WELCOME

MORTON YARMON DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE PLAZA 1-4000 SATURDAY NUMBER TRAFALGAR 9-7112
21 12:30 PM 59 1-4000 9-7112

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

NF 579 (22) (13) BC 480

B AHD217 AHZ9 AHZ9 NL PD 6 EXTRA AH NEW YORK NY 31

LANGSTON HUGHES

20 EAST 127 ST NYK

FIRST DETAILED EXPLANATION HOW SHARED FACILITIES AND REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL LABORATORIES ARE TO OPERATE UNDER NEW FEDERAL EDUCATION AID BILL WILL BE GIVEN TO 100 CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS, EDUCATORS, SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, AND LABOR LEADERS AT LUNCHEON CONFERENCE ON PROBLEMS OF THE DISADVANTAGED CHILD, FRIDAY, APRIL 2, FROM 11:30 TO 3:30 AT AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE'S INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RELATIONS, 165 E. 56TH ST., NEW YORK. DR. FRANCIS IANNI, DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF EDUCATION RESEARCH, U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION, WILL GIVE AUTHORITATIVE EXPLANATION IN KEYNOTE TALK OF CONFERENCE CALLED BY NEWLY FORMED COORDINATING COUNCIL ON EDUCATION FOR THE DISADVANTAGED ON CLOSING GAP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND ACTION IN EDUCATION. BENJAMIN MCLAURIN, CHAIRMAN OF COUNCIL WHO IS

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<table><tr><td colspan="2">SYMBOLS</td></tr><tr><td>DL</td><td>= Day Letter</td></tr><tr><td>NL</td><td>= Night Letter</td></tr><tr><td>LT</td><td>= International Letter Telegram</td></tr></table>

BC480/B AHD217 AHZ9/2

MEMBER OF BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND OFFICIAL OF BROTHERHOOD OF SLEEPING CAR PORTERS, WILL BE CHAIRMAN OF MEETING, SOUNDING WARNING THAT PROBLEM OF EDUCATION FOR DISADVANTAGED WILL BE SOLVED IN STREETS IF IT ISN'T SOLVED IN SCHOOLS. PANELISTS JOINING IN CONFERENCE ARE DR. MARTIN DEUTSCH, DIRECTOR OF INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES, PSYCHIATRY DEPARTMENT, NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE; DR. JOHN SLAWSON, EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT, AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE; ANTHONY SCOTT, PRESIDENT LOCAL 1814, INTERNATIONAL LONGSHOREMENS ASSOCIATION; LOUIS HAY, CLINICAL COORDINATOR, JUNIOR GUIDANCE PROGRAM, BOARD OF EDUCATION. PRESS FACILITIES SUPERVISED BY EUGENE ZACK WILL BE AVAILABLE AT ENTIRE CONFERENCE, INCLUDING LUNCH. YOUR COVERAGE WELCOME

MORTON YARMON DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE PLAZA 1-4000

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

1201 (4-60)

1965 APR 27 PM 4 17

HBA052 NBD306 K(44)BA414

=B AHC 112 AHZ3 AHZ3 NL PD AH NEW YORK NY 27 =
LANGSTON HUGHES =
20 EAST 127 ST NYK =

BAYARD RUSTIN, LEADING TACTICIAN OF CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT,
=WILL DISCUSS THORNY CURRENT CIVIL RIGHTS QUESTIONS
THURSDAY NIGHT, APRIL 29, AT 8 O'CLOCK AT DISCUSSION
MEETING OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE'S NEW YORK CHAPTER
AT AJC'S INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RELATIONS, 165 EAST 56 ST.
AMONG TOPICS RUSTIN WILL COVER WITHIN TALK, "FROM
PROTEST TO POLITICS: CIVIL RIGHTS AT THE CROSSROADS,"
=WILL BE NEW NEGRO STRATEGIES OF CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

1201 (4-60)

THIS =SUMMER IN NORTHERN CITIES, RELATIONSHIP OF POVERTY PROGRAM TO CHANGING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS NOW FRUSTRATING =NEGRO'S QUEST FOR EQUALITY,

EFFECTS OF NEGRO-LIBERAL-LABOR POLITICAL COALITION ON CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, WHO SOCIAL WORKERS AND BLACK MUSLIMS, BOTH STRESSING INDIVIDUAL SELF-HELP, HAVE BEEN INEFFECTUAL IN SOLVING NEGRO'S PROBLEMS. NDAVID DANZIG, AJC ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR AND AUTHORITY ON ETHNIC PROBLEMS, WILL RESPOND TO RUST IN TALK, FOLLOWED BY GENERAL DISCUSSION. YOUR COVERAGE WELCOME =

MORTON YARMON DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC RELATIONS
AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE PLAZA 14000.

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

W. P. MARSHALL, PRESIDENT

SF-1201 (4-60)

NB006 (03) (39) BB695

N B AHD364 AHZ10 AH39 NL PD
AH NEW YORK NY 18
LANGSTON HUGHES
20 EAST 127 ST NYK

1965 MAY 19 AM 1 22

VICE PRESIDENT HUMPHREY WILL PRESENT COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
OF HOW 1964 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT IS BEING IMPLEMENTED, AND MARTIN
LUTHER KING JR, WILL DESCRIBE RELATIONSHIP OF CIVIL RIGHTS
MOVEMENT TO ALL GROUPS IN AMERICAN SOCIETY, IN MAJOR ADDRESSES
THURSDAY NIGHT, MAY 20, 1965, AT FIFTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL DINNER
OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE IN IMPERIAL BALLROOM, AMERICANA
HOTEL, 53D STREET AND SEVENTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY. MORRIS
B. ABRAM, PRESIDENT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE AND U.S. REPRESENTATI
VE TO U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION, IN PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS
WILL OUTLINE TODAY'S MUTUAL CHALLENGES OF JEW AND NEGRO. DINNER
DUE TO START 7 P.M., SPEECHES AT 8 P.M. YOUR COVERAGE WELCOME.

THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE

Institute of Human Relations • 165 East 56 Street, New York, N. Y. 10022 • PLaza 1-4000 • Cable Wishcom, New York

June 29, 1966

Mr. Langston Hughes
New York Post
75 West Street
New York, New York

Dear Mr. Hughes:

I have long admired not only your literary talents, but your stead-
fast devotion to full equality and social progress. I am writing
because I have noticed that your name is listed as a contributor
to the _Liberator_ magazine.

The January 1966 issue of _Liberator_ contains an overtly anti-
Semitic article by Eddie Ellis entitled "Semitism In The Black
Ghetto," which said in part:

"The countless Jewish agencies which all took an active role in the now obsolete civil rights movement contend they are indeed the true friend of the Negro. The million of dollars which they raised to support the civil rights organizations were all supposedly symbolic of their good faith, yet this negative feeling about Jews persist.

"Why?

"It's one thing to raise money for civil rights organiza-
tions, it's another to fix the holes in the wall and have
heat and hot water in the buildings. One the one hand,
the liberal Jewish community advocates the equality of
all men. But, on the other hand, the same Jewish com-
munity is often responsible for the shoddy goods found
in most Black ghettos since they own the stores. They
are responsible for the delapidated buildings, the rats
and the roaches, since they are the landlords. Still,
they insist 'we are your friends.'"

MORRIS B. ABRAM, President
SOL M. LINOWITZ, Chm., Executive Board
PHILIP E. HOFFMAN, Chm., Board of Governors
NATHAN APPLEMAN, Chm., Board of Trustees
MAURICE GLINERT, Treasurer
ORIN LEHMAN, Secretary
EMERY E. KLINEMAN, Associate Treasurer
JOHN SLAWSON, Executive Vice-President

JACOB BLAUSTEIN, Honorary President
LOUIS CAPLAN, Honorary President
HERBERT B. EHRMANN, Honorary President
IRVING M. ENGEL, Honorary President
JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER, Honorary President
ARTHUR J. GOLDBERG, Honorary Vice-President
JOSEPH KLINGENSTEIN, Honorary Vice-President
FRED LAZARUS, JR., Honorary Vice-President
SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF, Honorary Vice-President
JAMES MARSHALL, Honorary Vice-President
WILLIAM ROSENWALD, Honorary Vice-President
RALPH E. SAMUEL, Honorary Vice-President
HORACE STERN, Honorary Vice-President

MORTON K. BLAUSTEIN, Baltimore, Vice-President
O. ROY CHALK, New York, Vice-President
HAROLD SHERMAN GOLDBERG, Boston, Vice-President
ANDREW GOODMAN, New York, Vice-President
JACK GOREN, Atlanta, Vice-President
HENRY L. KOHN, Chicago, Vice-President
DAVID LLOYD KREEGER, Washington, Vice-President
MARION I. LEVY, Cleveland, Vice-President
MELVIN M. SWIG, San Francisco, Vice-President
ELMER L. WINTER, Milwaukee, Vice-President
ROBERT I. WISHNICK, New York, Vice-President

22.

- 2 -

In addition to condemning the entire Jewish community for the sins
of a few, the Ellis article was continued in the April 1966 issue,
as follows:

"More than any other, the Rosenwald Foundation, established
by Julius Rosenwald, contributed in great measure to the
almost absolute dominance of negro colleges and organiza-
tions by Zionists...

"Thus we can see, by illustration of the power of but one
foundation how the Jewish community used surplus capital to
manipulate and control the fledgling Black intellectual
community...

"So extensive was their control, and so conniving were their
methods, the Jewish community financial interests were able
to absorb, contain and destroy any Black man who voiced dissent
toward the practices of the established order."

As you know, the white lunatic fringe anti-Semite frequently use
the term "Zionist" when they mean Jew, a *practice* now indulged in
by the *Liberator*. The Ellis article continues with the following:

"...only one group has made any meaningful attempt to cleanse
itself of this diseased Zionist influence...

"The ingrained fear of being labeled anti-semitic has prevented
many a outspoken Black man from speaking up. The realization
of the political, economic and social tyranny, induced by
Zionist influence, has stilled the voices of many stout Black
hearts...but never more."

Since you have always strongly opposed racial and religious bigotry,
I wanted to bring these facts to your attention. Since many persons
have questioned the association of your name with this gutter bigotry,
I should appreciate your comments.

With all best wishes.

eak

THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE

Institute of Human Relations • 165 East 56 Street, New York, N. Y. 10022 • PLaza 1-4000 • Cable/Wishcom, New York

Answered by card--9-27-66:

Thank you thrice
For Neg-A, B, and C---
And for so kindly explaining
To Simple and me.

September 26, 1966

Mr. Langston Hughes
20 East 127th Street
New York, New York 10035

Dear Mr. Hughes:

Please tell Simple that our "COL" list is made up of
what I like to call the cerebral newspaper columnists, peo-
ple like Lippman, Alsop, Childs, Lerner, and -- yes -- Langston
Hughes. We try to send material to this list that conceivably
would be of interest to serious columnists commenting on major
issues of the day.

With the burgeoning of the Negro press, we have estab-
lished two lists to which we send material that would seem
particularly pertinent. "NEG-A" is the major list, made up
of the city editors of the leading newspapers and certain other
journalists in the field like yourself, a total of 32. In addi-
tion, we have the "NEG-B" list, of about 200, on which the small-
er Negro weeklies appear. We are in the process of developing a
third list, "NEG-C," which will take up radio stations reaching
the Negro community.

MY:pc

THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE

November 10, 1966

Mr. Langston Hughes
20 East 127th Street
New York, N. Y. 10035

Dear Mr. Hughes:

On June 29, 1966, I sent you the enclosed letter and received a reply on July 6th from Lindsay Patterson, your assistant, mentioning that you were in Africa and that the letter was being placed on your desk for attention upon your return. If your desk is anything like mine, it probably got snowed under.

That is why I take this opportunity to bring the matter again to your attention. I think I ought to add that both Ossie Davis and James Baldwin, to whom I also wrote, have instructed Dan Watts, the editor of the *Liberator*, to remove their names from the list of contributors to the magazine. This was done in the October 1966 issue. In addition, both wrote strong articles denouncing the *Liberator's* descent into anti-Semitism, and have requested the magazine to publish them. To date, this has not been done.

I should appreciate hearing from you at your earliest convenience.

eak
encl.

MORTON K. BLAUSTEIN, Baltimore, Vice-President
O. ROY CHALK, New York, Vice-President
HAROLD SHERMAN GOLDBERG, Boston, Vice-President
ANDREW GOODMAN, New York, Vice-President
JACK GOREN, Atlanta, Vice-President
HENRY L. KOHN, Chicago, Vice-President
DAVID LLOYD KREEGER, Washington, Vice-President
MARRION I. LEVY, Cleveland, Vice-President
MELVIN M. SWIG, San Francisco, Vice-President
ELMER L. WINTER, Milwaukee, Vice-President
ROBERT I. WISHNICK, New York, Vice-President

January 23, 1967

Mr. Harry Fleischman,
American Jewish Committee,
165 East 56th Street,
New York, N. Y. 10022.

Dear Mr. Fleischman:

I very much appreciate your letter of
November 10 and its enclosure calling
to my attention an article in the
LIBERATOR some months ago.

I have been in Africa---a transcontinental tour from Dakar to Dar-es-Salaam reading my poetry to students---and away from my desk for almost five months. Meanwhile, magazines and newspapers piled up like a mountain, and letters nearly as high. I am just now getting a chance to read and answer most of the non-business mail—including your letter—but the bulk of the magazines, newspapers and such are still unwrapped. So I have not yet seen the issue of the *LIBERATOR* to which you refer, but shall try to dig it out soon.

Forgive me for this belated answer,
and thank you for your consideration.

P.S. I find your magazine *COMMENTARY* most interesting. Particularly liked the piece on Leslie Fiedler by Davis in the last issue.

THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE

February 6, 1967

Dear Mr. Hughes:

Many thanks for your kind letter of January 28th. Know-
ing how my desk can become overrun with mail when I am away
even briefly, I can understand the chaos you must be con-
fronting. Therefore, I am enclosing copies of several
articles in the *Liberator* which deal with the points I
raised.

You will be interested to know that Ossie Davis and James
Baldwin, both of whom had their names on the masthead of
the *Liberator*, wrote to Dan Watts to ask that their names
be removed, which has now been done. They also asked
Watts to publish their letters attacking anti-Semitism,
but Watts refused to do so. As a result, they have arranged
to have *Freedomways* carry their articles instead. That
issue of the magazine, Winter, 1967, is scheduled to be
out at the end of this month. I haven't seen the articles
yet, but I imagine they will be pretty much like the letters
they sent to me. Copies are enclosed for your confidential
information.

Because I consider this whole matter so serious, I wonder
if it would be possible for us to get together for lunch
sometime soon to discuss it. If you could call me at PL 1-4000,

44 Cortlandt Avenue
New Rochelle, N.Y. 10301

June 1, 1966

Mr. Dan Watts
LIBERATOR
244 East 46 Street
New York, N.Y.

Dear Dan:

I take seriously my past friendship for you, and for the magazine, LIBERATOR, on whose advisory board I sat, whose policies and thoughts on true black nationalism I have, on the whole, been glad to support. Even when I felt your attacks on Martin Luther King were snide and personal and tasteless; even when you thoughtlessly called on Paul Robeson to assume leadership of the Black Revolution in spite of the fact that he is seriously ill, and such activity would probably kill him, I went along.

But "Semitism" in the Black Ghetto" blows it for me, Dan, but good, and but definitely. This where I get off!

If Mr. Ellis had proof of the wild and unsupported contentions that he made - (how dare he charge that W.E.B.DuBois was "used" by "Zionist" to attack Marcus Garvey. That's the damndest bullshit around, and you know it!)

Where is that proof? Jews are active in Civil Rights; Jews do have policy-making positions in Civil Rights Organizations: Jewish philanthropies were, and still are, influential in Negro Affairs - But this is due to their "evil cunning" - or to our weaknesses! Mr. Ellis says all these activities are part of a Zionist plan to make Negro scapegoats instead of themselves. But where the hell is the proof? Mr. Ellis doesn't even offer us a "Protocols of Zion"!

We could argue for years about what Jews have done to and for Negroes in this country; and whether what has been done has resulted in good or bad for the Negro people.

But who in his right mind can argue that that which was done and is being done by Jews in particular, whether good or bad, is part of a gigantic plot to dupe and take advantage of Negroes? a deliberate, agreed upon "Zionist" "Jewish Community" "Semitic" plot against Negroes?

Where is the Goddamn proof!!?

And without such proof, Dan, how could a man like you,
who calls himself a true Black Nationalist, print
such things?!

I am not sentimental about Jews, Negroes, or anybody else.
And I am not grateful: people should fight for freedom
because they believe in freedom. I know Jews who do, and
I know Jews who don't; I know Negroes who do, and I know
Negroes who don't. A man should fight for what he believes
in, - and the fact that he fights is his reward. I owe
him nothing.

Harlem is a deprived and exploited community, but are Jews
the only ones who profit from this exploitation? No!
Are Jews the ones who profit *most* by this exploitation?
I strongly doubt it. (Mr. Ellis would have done us all a
favor if he had conducted a survey to determine who, in
fact, *really* owns Harlem.)

Whatever Jews are guilty of exploiting Harlem, are not
guilty because they are Jews, but because - along with many
Catholics, Protestants, Negro and white, they are *exploiters*.
In a war against all exploiters whomsoever, I am your
ally. But Mr. Ellis seems to be calling for a War against
Jews. If that is the case, I am your enemy.

If I have misjudged you, the magazine, or Mr. Ellis, I
stand ready to be convinced. I think enough of you, Dan,
and Lowell Beveridge, (I do not know Mr. Ellis), and certainly,
of the magazine, to listen to anything you might
have to say. But I must insist you remove my name from
from any connection with LIBERATOR.

You see, Dan, I consider myself a Black Nationalist, and
proud to be one... but not a Black Racist. And I consider
the difference between them too fundamental for compromise.

P.S. I think few people will doubt my love and respect for
our late Brother Malcolm X. I call your attention to an
article in the New York Times by M.S. Handler, I believe,
quoting a letter he had received abroad from Malcolm. In
this letter Brother Malcolm specifically *denounced* racism
and pledged himself to spend the rest of his life making
up for the *racism* he had formerly preached.

The beauty of Brother Malcolm was that he was intelligent enough
to grow away from past errors, and to stretch out his hands
towards *truth* even if they shot him down for it.
Malcolm X was a Black Nationalist in the true sense of the
word. Don't you agree?

October 1, 1966

Dear Dan :

We are in the hideous center of a mortal storm, which many of us saw coming. Many of us will perish and certainly no one of my generation can hope, honorably, to survive. And, whether or not one agrees with me, I think it is useful to assume that America will not survive this storm, either. Nor should she; she is responsible for this holocaust in which the living writhe; it is American power which makes death an enviable state for Germany millions of people. We are a criminal nation, built on a lie, and, as the world cannot use us, it will presently find some way of disposing of us. I take this for granted, and the future of this nation, even though it may also be my own, cannot concern me any longer. I am concerned with the living, I am concerned with a new morality, and a new creation. I hope I do not sound literary; in any case, I mean what I say. I really believe that it is possible for human beings to make the world a place in which we all can live.

I think I understand, in spite of my limits - for, my friend, I know more about my limits than anyone else can know, and no tribunal frightens me; I am my own tribunal - a great deal about the crisis which we, black, in America, are now enduring. The crisis has been produced by the history of Europe and the brutality of the Christian church; and I think it is very important to bear in mind that, whereas, we, black, are enduring a crisis, the descendants of Europe and the defenders of the faith are witnessing their doom. Indeed, they are graceless - but, my friend, they are human. This is hard, hard, hard

to remember : I know how hard it is. But if one does not remember it, the
battle is for nothing.

With the creation of *The Liberator* you have taken on yourself the task,
really, of creating a new people : of creating in the people a new sense
of themselves. I think I know how white America operates to destroy the
black integrity - and not a accident, but deliberately. You will observe,
I hope, that, in doing this, it has also destroyed its own integrity. I
hope you will understand me and I hope you will believe me when I say
that I would rather die than see the black American become as hideously empty
as the majority of white men have become. I would like us to do something
unprecedented : to create ourselves without finding it necessary to create
an enemy. But, since we are surrounded by enemies, I think I should spell
that out.

A black high school drop-out in Watts, for example, has every reason
to hate the police, the lawyers, the judges, the priests, the teachers,
the bosses, the land-lords, the Mayor, the Governor, and Ronald Reagan.
I do not shrink from asserting that the human value of these people can
only exist in the sight of God, and, happily, I'm not God ( who is also,
in any case, and not a moment too soon, about to go out of business ),
But he has no right to hate the Governor's child, and you have no right
to teach him to hate. I think that we, human beings, must try to change
each other. I am perfectly aware that nothing will ever change Governor
Wallace or Senator Eastland. If their heads were blown off tomorrow, I
certainly would not weep. But it is the system which created these people
and gave them their power which must be isolated, anatomized, attacked,
and destroyed. And I think we must be very clear-headed about this, for

no people have ever been in a revolutionary situation so bizarre. It is a
revolution which has all the aspects of a civil war; but, at the same time,
it is happening all over the globe; and America is fighting it all over
the globe - using, by no means incidentally, vast numbers of its surplus
and despised population. Hopefully, for example, if enough Vietnamese
and black Americans are blotted out of history, the world will be made safe -
for business. There is a very good reason, after all, why the government
which could so severely compromise the Cuban economy can do nothing whatever
to intimidate the South African economy. A revolution in South Africa would
have a terrible effect on Wall Street and on the Bank of The Holy Ghost -
which latter institution stands, as you know, in some relation to what
is probably the most extensive, successful, murderous, and blasphemous
enterprise in the history of mankind. If the Bank of The Holy Ghost should
fail, the heathen could no longer be saved. And you remember, I hope, how
desperately we heathens longed for salvation.

Tell, then : the nature of the enemy is history; the nature of the enemy
is power; and what every black man, boy, woman, girl, is struggling to
achieve is some sense of himself or herself which this history and this
power have done everything conceivable to destroy. But let us try to be
clear. Black Power is not a mystical or a poetic concept, for example,
it is simply a political necessity. It has nothing to do with bad guys or
good guys, and it really has nothing to do with color. Black Arts has
nothing to do with color, either : it is an attempt to create a black
self image which the white republic could never allow. It is an attempt
to tell the truth about black people to black people because the American
republic has told us nothing but lies.

But the republic has told *itself* nothing but lies. If one accepts my

basic assumption, which is that all men are brothers - simply because all men share the same condition, however different the details of their lives may be - then it is perfectly possible, it seems to me, that, in re-creating ourselves, in saving ourselves, we can re-create and save many others: whosoever will. I certainly think that this possibility ought to be kept very vividly in the fore-front of our consciousness. The value of a human being is never indicated by the color of his skin; the value of a human being is all that I hold sacred; and I know that I do not become better by making another worse. One need not read the New Testament to discover that. One need only read history and look at the world - one need only, in fact, look into one's mirror.

The specific reason for this rather long letter is your series of articles concerning the Jew in Harlem. I think it is most distinctly unhelpful, and I think it is immoral, to blame Harlem on the Jew. For a man of your experience, it is incredibly naive. Why, when we should be storming capitols, do you suggest to the people you hope to serve that they take refuge in the most ancient and barbaric of the European myths? Do you want us to become better, Dan? Or do you want us, after all, carefully manipulating the color, Black, merely to become white?

I hope you print this letter, and I hope to hear from you.

o/o Leeming,

Robert College,
Bebek, Istanbul,
Turkey

WESTERN UNION
W. P. MARSHALL
TELEGRAM

®

R. W. McFALL
PRESIDENT

NN308 (50)(47)BB258
B AHB042 AHZ1 AHZ1 NL PD AH NEW YORK NY 16NFT
LANGSTON HUGHES
20 E 127 ST NYK HB

1967 APR 16 PM 8 55

NOTED EDUCATOR CHARGES SCHOOLCHILDREN IN AFFLUENT U.S. SUBURBS LEARN LITTLE ABOUT PEOPLE DIFFERENT FROM THEMSELVES AND ARE BEING ILL-PREPARED FOR A WORLD IN WHICH HUMAN DIFFERENCES WILL BE AMONG CRITICAL ISSUES OF THE DAY. DR. ALICE MIEL, PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION AND CHAIRMAN OF DEPARTMENT OF CURRICULUM AT TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, REPORTS ON PIONEERING FOUR-YEAR STUDY OF HOW PUBLIC SCHOOLS TEACH ABOUT HUMAN DIFFERENCE IN REPRESENTATIVE SUBURBAN COMMUNITY, CALLS CHILDREN "SHORTCHANGED" IN THAT THEY ARE NOT BEING MADE FAMILIAR WITH "RICH DIVERSITY OF AMERICAN LIFE," SUGGESTS STEP-BY-STEP PROGRAM BY WHICH SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES TOGETHER CAN INCREASE CHILDREN'S UNDERSTANDING OF PERSONS DIFFERENT FROM THEMSELVES. INDICTMENT COMES IN NEW

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CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

®

R. W. McFALL
PRESIDENT

<table><tr><td>SYMBOLS,</td></tr><tr><td>DL=Day Letter</td></tr><tr><td>NL=Night Letter</td></tr><tr><td>LT=International Letter Telegram</td></tr></table>

1967 APR 16 PM 8 55

BOOKLET, " THE SHORTCHANGED CHILDREN OF SUBURBIA, " TO BE PUBLISHED
BY AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE'S INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RELATIONS
PRESS. DR. MIEL WILL DISCUSS STUDY AND BOOKLET AT NEWS CONFERENCE
ON PUBLICATION DAY, TUESDAY, APRIL 18, AT 1045 AM., AT AJC'S
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 165 EAST 56TH STREET CORNER THIRD AVENUE.
YOUR COVERAGE WELCOME. CONTACT LENORE KAHN, PLAZA 1-4000
MORTON YARMON DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AMERICAN JEWISH
COMMITTEE

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WESTERN UNION

W. P. MARSHALL
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

TELEGRAM

R. W. McFALL
PRESIDENT

APR 19

HBA003 NBB034 TTLBC050 =

B KLA406 KLZ6 KLZ6 NL PD KL NEWYORK NY 18 =

LANGSTON HUGHES =

20 EAST 127 ST NYK =

GOVERNOR ROMNEY OF MICHIGAN WILL MAKE MAJOR ADDRESS ON CIVIL RIGHTS, STRESSING NEED FOR GREATER ACTION AT STATE, LOCAL, AND PRIVATE LEVELS, AT AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE'S HERBERT =H LEHMAN AWARD DINNER THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 20, AT AMERICANA =HOTEL, SEVENTH AVE. AND 52D STREET, NEW YORK CITY. GOVERNOR =ROMNEY, WHO WILL BE INTRODUCED BY SENATOR JACOB K. JAVITS, =IS EXPECTED TO SPEAK AT APPROXIMATELY 9:15PM DINNER, ATTENDED

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