22 West 55th Street
New York 19, N.Y.

Judson 2-7030

June 11, 1962

Dear Henry:

I would appreciate your approval or
suggestions for change in the attached job description
for John Deardourff.

Also enclosed is a copy of the "Restatement"
referred to and my memo to NAR.

I have decided it is *not* necessary to
issue the memo to our own staff concerning Deardourff,
which was the memo (when in a form prepared for
Iselin) which raised some language questions in
your mind as to June's role.

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Harvard University
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

June 11, 1962

TO Governor's Staff

FROM: Roswell B. Perkins

SUBJECT: John D. Deardourff

John D. Deardourff, presently Legislative Assistant to
Congresswoman Jessica Weis, is coming in to head up the Research
Unit on the 5th Floor. A copy of his biography is attached.

While John cannot start work full time until Congress
adjourns, he will try to be here two days a week (usually Monday
and Tuesday) every other week. This schedule will commence
Monday and Tuesday, June 18 and 19.

John is also available by phone in Washington for
consultation, and he will probably come up for special meetings.
For example, he will be here on Thursday, June 14, for the
Agriculture meeting.

page 2

Employment:

1959-Present Legislative Assistant, Representative Jessica McCullough Weis, New York.

Areas of responsibility include:
- All public relations work, including the writing of speeches, press releases, newsletters and radio and television scripts.
- Preparation of analyses and comparison studies of pending legislation. Development of position papers on major issues.
- Direction of Mrs. Weis' 1960 Congressional campaign. Two and one-half months spent in Rochester, N.Y. coordinating all phases of campaign activity.

1961 (Oct.-Nov.) Spent approximately one month as advance man for Republican Congressional Campaign Committee, setting up meetings for a panel of touring Congressmen in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.

1957-1958 Executive Assistant, Representative J. Harry McGregor, Ohio. (Senior Minority Member, House Committee on Public Works).

Areas of responsibility similar to those handled for Representative Weis. Also responsible for maintenance of liaison with officials of the executive agencies involved in the Federal public works programs, including the Post Office Department, the Bureau of Public Roads, the Army Corps of Engineers, The Bureau of the Budget, etc.

Other Job Experience:

Worked continuously while attending college -- four
years on kitchen crew at men's residence hall;
half-shift daily (4 hours) in factory during
sophomore year. Summer employment included work
on highway construction crew, in Detroit automobile
plant, and as farm hand and truck driver on Oregon
fruit farm.

April 28, 1961

CONFIDENTIAL

President John F. Kennedy
The White House
Washington 25, D.C.

My Dear Mr. President:

On January 24, 1961, I addressed a letter to you which was motivated by your earlier television suggestion that "one should think of how to help his country, rather than looking to what one's country could do for him."

On February 2, 1961, I received a reply from Mr. Lawrence F. O'Brien, thanking me for my letter; and on March 30th, while visiting in Washington, I tried to contact him at The White House. Mr. O'Brien was out of town, and I understood that he was concerned primarily with handling matters in Congress.

Since ideas are not necessarily limited to those associated with Government, but can come from any of us as well, I am taking the initiative to suggest a direction which I feel is based on a realistic appraisal of some of the problems of the United States and possible solutions which can have long range benefits insofar as we are concerned.

Certainly, fundamental changes must be made by us in viewing future world problems, and of course, it is necessary that the United States lead the way, and mobilize for a greater and more united effort.

With an apology for my being so presumptuous, I herewith enclose the ideas I have been formulating for use by you wherever possible.

I have listed the nations of the world in four categories:

(1) Underdeveloped Nations (those requiring assistance in order to become self-sustaining)

(2) Neutral Nations (those requiring economic aid in order to further develop and sustain themselves)

President John F. Kennedy

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4-28-61

(3) Communist controlled Nations

(4) Our major Allies (those economically self-sustaining)

My purpose herein is to formulate a program which would permit the cooperation and coordination of the United States' Government and independent United States business interest to work in a single vehicle which would result in advancing the United States' economic, political and peaceful world objectives.

Initially, this program would be aimed at (1) - Underdeveloped Nations, (2) - Neutral Nations, and later it could be used strategically in connection with some of (3) - Communist controlled (satellite) Nations, at the right time.

We must overcome present inadequacies of the United States in functioning abroad, due to a number of reasons, one of which is our inability to reach populations of said countries directly, which is due to the fact that our efforts have been limited to (a) Diplomatic and Government channels, (b) Independent business interest, and (c) Tourists; which are unable to do the job.

I am aware of the efforts through the International Cooperation Organization, of the United Nations, The Voice of America program, and also the fine objectives of the Peace Corps. All of these would be supplemented by this program.

I propose a planned program based on aggressive selling and negotiating and built around a subtle "sell America" program, aimed at the populations of said countries in terms of practical assistance that can teach and help them, which would be more important than all the propaganda we can muster, and can effect these nations with a real impact stemming from our tremendous productive and financial capacity as well. I hope this eventually could lead to a pattern that would assist our ability to wean satellite nations away from Russia rather than passively permitting their aggressive pursuit of our friends and poorer neighbors.

We also hope that the United States' advanced economic strength and aid potential could eventually effect a split in the China-Russia alliance, and thus permit the United States to play them off against each other to mutual advantage of the United States as well as world peace objectives and the United Nations.

In order to negotiate and promote objectives successfully, one can not afford to permit themselves to be played off against

President John F. Kennedy

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4-28-61

their allies, associates, or others on their team, as is now
possible in the struggle between the Communist Nations under
one spokesman, primarily, on one hand, and the Western Nations
on the other.

It is absolutely essential that we act with complete unity in
the perfecting of and carrying out plans and programs, and that
we prevent such techniques from diluting our strength and action.
This can only be accomplished, I think, if the United States sets
up a program such as this outside of the United Nations in con-
nection with negotiations with foreign nations concerning unique
aid which this program would develop on a direct nation to nation
basis. This would be done on a business like basis by the United
States without diluting the effectiveness of the United Nations.

Today, major United States business is in a very poor position
insofar as foreign business is concerned, in Nations (1) - Under-
developed Nations, (2) - Neutral Nations, and (3) - Communist
controlled Nations; and it is unlikely that any individual United
States Corporation can individually compete with Russia in its
joint business, political and military programs currently aimed at
(1) - Underdeveloped Nations or (2) - Neutral Nations. Nor are
said areas completely safe for United States business investment,
in view of the unstable political situation. Therefore, since
United States business investment wishes to expand into these
areas, it would appear as though they could have little to lose
and a great deal to gain by cooperating with United States Gov-
ernment's political, economic, and peace objectives on the follow-
ing 10 year plan, which would put business and Government into a
limited partnership in these areas (1) - Underdeveloped Nations,
(2) - Neutral Nations, and (3) - Communist controlled Nations --
later, if possible -- for said 10 years, excepting area (4) - our
major allies, in which United States business is operating
successfully.

This plan involves the following:

A. The establishment of a United States International Business
Organization to be composed of members of business and Government,
operating as a Board of Directors of such an enterprise. Govern-
ment would furnish loans, etc., and also personnel and assistance
where required to assist in the development of certain facets of
these programs such as teaching, administration and officials to
operate facilities of public interest, part of the development
program and similar to such activities in the United States.

President John F. Kennedy

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4-28-61

B. Business would initially, during the 10 years, operate only as part of their industry Segment and would earn profits in accordance with their contributions to said Segment during the 10 year period, if any.

C. Government would receive a return of its loans, plus interest, and after 10 years withdraw from all participation.

D. Said foreign Nations interested, would agree that United States business concerns participating in this economic development of their nations would be entitled to assurances of the right to continue independently, subject to their laws, foreign trade relations, and would be protected against nationalization of said businesses even after the 10 years' period, in the event they sold their interest and continued to do business in said country *independently*.

E. Since it is not the United States objective to put said foreign governments into business themselves, but to assist in the advancement and development of the living standards of their individual citizens, it must also be agreed that during the 10 years' period and thereafter, that United States business could own up to 50% of said business established in foreign lands through the United States International Business Organization, or otherwise, and that the other 50% is ultimately to be owned, and held in trust, by said foreign Governments under the following conditions:

Similar to a public stock corporation in the United States, said ownership interest is to be available for sale to its citizens, and although they may currently not have the means to purchase such interest, as the program begins to develop their nation and industries make profits, and their citizens profit by employment, they can purchase shares in said industries, through their government, at an agreed on option price.

Thus, an eventual private enterprise system could be provided, when the industries have developed to where its citizens would own 50% in partnership with American business. Options for purchase of this stock by citizens of said nations must be provided for, and said Governments would have to agree.

President John F. Kennedy

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4-28-61

Each nation in group (1) - Underdeveloped Nations, and group (2) - Neutral Nations, desiring such dynamic assistance would receive same, by agreeing to the establishment of these arrangements. The United States could assist this program, and American business cooperation could make it effective.

Jointly we would be selling America -- aiding each country to help themselves and assisting their people directly with job opportunities -- better living standards -- independent profit potentials in their own countries and paying off American business for its help, based on a free enterprise formula.

The combined effect of maximum leverage representing our two major strengths, government and business, working together to sell our *Way of Life*, would result.

One major problem would be the acceptance of this program by said foreign nation, but they could not fail to recognize the magnitude of assistance (and lack of personal profit incentive the United States Government would receive); and they need this type of help.

Complete integrated communities could be built that would become self-sustaining, on a small scale.

Obtaining United States Business cooperation would be another problem. In this instance, the United States business would participate in business now not in existence and ultimately obtain independent access, if they so desired, at the end of 10 years into said country; whereas today they may face the possibilities of becoming permanently lost, from the form of Communist business competition becoming evident on a scale that independent United States business cannot match with low cost labor, etc., and dictatorial control.

Industry Segments should be set up separately in every industry -- steel, auto, glass, textiles, food, etc., -- and pools would be established for each participating corporation to contribute to with equipment, engineering, financing, production, etc.,. This would result in a form of super corporation composed of many members of the same industry within each Segment, each receiving a profit from their participation in accordance with their investment in same. Each Segment would be integrated into this program and be represented on the Board of Directors of the United States International Business Organization and would provide teams, plants and organization. Total communities in said foreign nations, with United States Government assisting, surveying, advising and consulting, could be developed rapidly. Decisions would rest in the Board of Directors who would work in-

President John F. Kennedy

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4-28-61

dependently but represent the Directors of each Segment industry.
This crash program does not have objectives of socializing or
placing said foreign government in business, but is an answer
to competing with a single power so completely controlled, such
as Russia, as to represent a threat to our entire economic
future insofar as foreign trade is concerned. This approach
can permit our competition for the minds and hearts of the in-
dividual in each of said countries.

Dedicated business people, with ability, will be needed; but
what greater cause can there be, than the true objectives of
the United States?

Russia, in attempting to present an all powerful world image,
is actually and primarily concerned with using this image to
influence and gain control of neutral and underdeveloped countries
in the form of any ties, initially business, from which powerful
relations can then be projected, resulting in furnishing her with
new raw material resources and customers for their products which
she plans to export in increasing quantities to assist her gain-
ing world supremacy. The dancer is that each economic triumph
will ultimately pave the way for political implications that can
eventually involve military tie-ins, such as in Cuba, and their
ultimate objective for world conquest.

A program such as this will have many unforeseen difficulties
and problems. Means must also be found for compatibility of
said program in the instance where within certain countries,
businesses are already established in certain fields; and surveys
would be essential to avoid duplication and non-essential compe-
tition. This program should provide for industry in those fields
essential and either non-existent or of such limited current
capacity as to not nearly satisfy the needs in said nation.

Where businesses are already established within a particular
nation, and they wish to participate in this program, services
and financing for their expansion could be accomplished by work-
ing out provisional arrangements which would tie-in.

At the end of 10 years, any United States corporations which
preferred to sell out their interest or stock, could do so; how-
ever, such sale would have to be offered to the citizens of the
particular nation involved. And once out of this joint program,
they would be free to compete independently in said nation sub-
ject naturally to the laws of said country, if they so desired.

Although our allies may find this program not too much to their
liking, certainly they would rather compete with us for said
areas than lose out to the Communist controlled world.

[c]

President John F. Kennedy

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4-28-61

If we are ever going to make real progress in any of these areas, it will be when we have developed a program aimed directly at the population, and one which they can feel individually is of benefit to them personally, as this is intended.

Insofar as this idea is concerned, I believe this is about all that could be projected on paper at this time.

As an independent business man, I certainly haven't the time to write letters, for filing. I feel as a citizen, an obligation to contribute ideas; and even if only one good one, can come from many submitted, the *cause* will have been well worth our time.

Respectfully,
POLARIZED LIGHTING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Myron Kahn, President

MK:dt

by WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION

Reprinted from Producers' Council TECHNICAL BULLETIN #99 / March 1962

# POLARIZATION: New Trend in Interior Lighting

New luminaire with PolRized panels will provide increased visual effectiveness.

New products which can produce polarized light from conventional type luminaires will greatly affect present illumination concepts. Although polarized light is not new in itself, applications in interior areas could bring a renaissance to the lighting industry. Westinghouse Electric Corporation recently announced the availability of a luminaire with PolRized panels which will make the intrinsic benefits of polarized light available to those concerned with specifying good lighting systems. To illustrate the significance of this development, just one of the major benefits made possible by this new combination is an average increase of 100 percent in over-all visual effectiveness.

## WHAT IS LIGHT POLARIZATION?

A cross-section of unpolarized light is similar to a wheel with many spokes, because waves are vibrant in all directions perpendicular to the direction traveled by the ray. Figure 1 simplifies this concept and shows the effect of a plane polarizer on unpolarized light. In this case, all radiations are absorbed except those in the vertical plane, which are permitted to pass through. The resultant light is termed "plane polarized" because it

is transmitted entirely in one plane. Light may also be circularly or elliptically polarized where vibrations are circles or ellipses instead of straight lines as in plane polarization.

Even though polarized light is just coming into vogue for interior lighting, artists have long been aware of its benefits and turned their canvases to the north where skylight is greatly polarized by the atmosphere on a clear day. This superior quality light eliminates veiling glare and improves color rendition because incident light penetrates to the pigments rather than being reflected by the canvas surface.

## ILLUMINATION WITH POLARIZED LIGHT

Why is polarized light so desirable for interior lighting? A clue to the answer lies with reflected glare, which makes print on specular paper difficult to read, creates glare on glass, and reduces contrast in printed matter, resulting in a washed-out appearance. The best known way to eliminate these unwanted effects of reflected glare is through the use of polarized light in all interior areas where seeing is critical.

Many pleasing changes are immediately evident with good quality polarized light:

1. the secretary no longer strains to read bottom carbon copies—she goes home with fewer headaches;

2. a busy executive goes about his work with less fatigue— the shiny desk top no longer reflects light into his eyes;

3. workers in the shop are more productive and have fewer rejects—vernier scales are easier to read and scribe marks are plainly visible;

4. the young child no longer needs to squint to read his school books—needless eye strain is eliminated. All of these examples are a direct result of polarized light which improves visual effectiveness by increasing contrast and reducing reflected glare.

Westinghouse PolRized Luminaires are capable of improving visual effectiveness an average of 100 percent

Kenneth H. Thompson, Westinghouse product engineer, prepared this article.

Figure 1—A cross-section of unpolarized light is vibrant in many planes as represented by the eight-spoked wheel. Light is absorbed by the plane polarizer except for vibrations in the vertical plane which pass through.

LC

as shown in Figure 2. The comparison of typing tasks in this illustration is so dramatic there may be some who attribute the difference to trickery. Sworn statements are on file by the photographer who took these pictures attest-ing to the manner in which they were taken. The paper was positioned to produce veiling glare to the eye of the camera and a picture was taken. Polarizing panels were substituted in the lighting fixtures for clear polystyrene prismatic shielding and the second picture was taken. No extra lighting was used, exposure time was the same in each case, and the F stop remained untouched—only the shielding was changed!

Commercial applications of polarized light not only improve contrast on specular tasks as illustrated, but minimize annoying and uncomfortable reflected glare from shiny surfaces and from matte materials, which also reflect glare though not so noticeable to the eye.

Light is polarized at the source under the new interior lighting concept and not upon reflection from a shiny surface. This means glare is greatly reduced at the point of reflection instead of filtering it out with glasses on route to the eye after it has been created.

Benefits from polarized light are also unsurpassed in certain applications where critical seeing is not paramount. For instance, a clothier can now exhibit his material to reveal truer texture, because each fiber appears in proper depth. Improved perception such as this necessarily follows when veiling glare is eliminated. Industrial activities will also profit from increased perception, because tasks such as subminiature component assembly will be easier and inspection more reliable.

Improvement in each of these examples is a result of polarized light, which reduces reflected glare and improves contrast. The reason for such marked improvement lies with the way we see—basically by contrast. Human eyes can sense different intensities and wave lengths of light to distinguish such properties of an object as size, shape and color. Usually light perceived by the eye has been reflected from an object rather than being received directly from the source. For example, light should strike this printed page and be reflected from pigments in the paper to the eye. However, this is not true of unpolarized light because much of it is specularly reflected from the paper surface and results in glare. Polarized light does not reflect from surfaces but is refracted by the object to improve contrast and vision by eliminating veiling glare.

Colors appear truer under polarized light for much the same reason: white light contains all colors of light in the spectrum. When white light is incident upon an object, the pigments absorb a portion of the spectrum and reflect the balance which results in color for the object. However, a considerable amount of the unpolarized light never reaches the pigments but is reflected from the surface and tends to dilute the actual color. Polarized light reduces the amount of surface reflection to improve color perception and increase contrast between colors.

Certainly polarized light is not a panacea to all deficiencies in interior lighting, any more than one wonder drug eradicates all disease. Discretion should be used with this unique lighting concept. Glitter and sparkle are very desirable forms of reflected glare for the effective

**Figure 2.**—Photo at left shows a washed-out appearance caused by reflected glare. Photo at the right shows that the same typing task is much easier to read when glare is reduced and contrast improved by polarized light. No special lenses or photographic lights were used — only the fixture shielding was changed. The message in the typewriter gives the details.

display of jewelry or glassware, because they attract the eye, and therefore should not be eliminated. For this reason, polarized light is best utilized as an effective tool to improve visual efficiency where improved vision is the major objective.

## BREAKTHROUGH NOT AN ACCIDENT

Extensive research has been conducted on reflected glare by Dr. H. Richard Blackwell, Director of the Institute for Research in Vision at Ohio State University. Reports on these studies reveal that a 1 percent increase in contrast is as good as 15 percent increase in footcandles. This may be illustrated more clearly by assuming the illumination on this paper is 63 footcandles and the reflectance is 76 percent. If the contrast is reduced 15 percent, perhaps by reflected glare, the illumination must then be increased to 185 footcandles without changing contrast just to achieve the original visual effectiveness.

It is apparent from this example that any means to reduce glare and improve contrast can be used in an assault against the fortress of reflected glare. Polarized light is a natural for this purpose because it possesses the characteristic of being absorbed (refracted) by most materials rather than being reflected from surfaces, as is the case with unpolarized light. Wide usage of this principle was once dependent upon the development of a material for use in conventional lighting fixtures with the capability of producing quality polarized light economically. This need is now filled and a new concept is born.

Westinghouse PolRized Luminaires were announced shortly after the results of Dr. H. Richard Blackwell's

study were presented to the National Technical Conference of the Illuminating Engineering Society on September 26, 1961. Actual tests proved this totally new fixture improved visual efficiency an average of 100 percent or higher, over unpolarized light in most practical room applications. A multilayer panel manufactured by PolRized Panel Corporation (another licensee of Polarized Lighting International, Inc.) used in this luminaire has polarizing material processed to light stable, destaticized polystyrene for structural rigidity. The new material is flat and is colorless but has a gray appearance when illuminated, due to multiple reflection. In addition to providing excellent polarization, the diffuse, low brightness panels should blend well with acoustical tile rather than be a detracting bright spot. Several installations of polarizing panels are shown in Figures 3 and 4 to show the appearance in a ceiling. Still another function of the luminaire is to reduce direct glare by presenting a low brightness area to direct viewing. This is also quite evident from the installation photographs.

Although the panel appears somewhat opaque when held up to the light, a high percentage of light is transmitted by the reflux principle. This means that part of the incident light passes directly through the panel and the balance is reflected to the fixture housing where it is again reflected. Another portion is transmitted through the panel on the second pass and the same action is repeated until the light ray is diminished. This means efficiencies can be equal to many standard diffusers. Plane polarizers are not satisfactory for this use since about 60

Figures 3 & 4—Photo at the left shows Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company office with luminous ceiling of polarizing panels. Lighting level shown by the meter is more than 200 footcandles. Note absence of reflected glare. Photo at the right: In the California State Capitol Building, Sacramento, polarizing panels give comfortable lighting with no veiling glare.

percent of the incident light is absorbed rather than being transmitted.

An average improvement in visual efficiency of 100 percent with polarized light does not mean present recommended footcandle levels can be cut in half. Recommended illumination levels are based on glare free footcandles which do not physically exist because they are an ideal case. Since polarized light comes nearer to this hypothetical ideal than any other means of illumination but still cannot be as good, recommended footcandle levels should continue to be used as before. Of course, 100 footcandles of polarized light now delivers the same visual benefits as 200 footcandles or more of nonpolarized light.

## POLARIZED LIGHT AND THE FUTURE

Polarized light for interior illumination has passed

through the embryonic stages into infancy with such impacts that it will be only a matter of a short time until it is a full grown member of the lighting industry. This spectacular climb to acceptance is entirely justified when the many excellent benefits are considered. Lighting engineers look upon this innovation as a powerful tool for giving the ultimate in lighting comfort.

The future may also hold polarization for incandescent, fluorescent, and mercury lamps—Rayescent panels as well—which will provide higher concentrations of polarized light in many new areas. Skylights, windows, and special glass walls may also contribute glare-free light from outdoors. Many other sensational developments stemming from this new technology will be followed with great interest by everyone concerned with seeing better and easier!

*TRADE MARK

## POLRIZED PANEL CORPORATION

*pioneers in "polarizing illumination — to provide better vision"*

International Basic Economy Corporation

Caixa Postal, 8245 - Telef. 36-6337

End. Telef. IBASECON — S. PAULO - Brasil

March 29, 1963

CONFIDENTIAL

Miss Martha Dalrymple
Room 5600
30 Rockefeller Plaza
NEW YORK 20, N. Y.

Dear Martha:

Newspapers here published, on March 27, a UPI item from New York saying that Governor Rockefeller urged the U.S. to suspend aid to Brazil if it was really true that Communists participate in the Brazilian government. The item added that he said, "I have no direct information on Communist penetration in the Brazilian government", but that he reiterated that aid should be suspended if it were proved that extreme leftists had really gotten in.

In the belief that factual information on this matter would be interesting and perhaps useful, we are undertaking to get, from an authoritative source, a list of persons in the government who are considered to be on the extreme left. We believe this will be available by late next week.

However, since the question of Communists and extreme leftists in the government has become such an important issue in U.S.-Brasilian relations, you might like to have some jottings on a few of the persons generally mentioned in such discussions. Please do not take these jottings as being absolutely factual, at least pending our further check.

Three men who hold positions of importance, though below cabinet rank, and who are commonly labelled "Communists" by the right and center, are: Raul Riff, press secretary to President Goulart; Josue Guimarães, head of the government news agency, and Dante Pellicani, director of the National Social Welfare Department. The first two, both of whom are said to have taken courses at the Marx-Engels Institute in Moscow, obviously have opportunities to exercise strong influence on public opinion. Pellicani has great power as co-ordinator of all the Social Security Institutes; he is also one of the two or three top labor leaders, and a rubble-rouser.

Three men in the cabinet itself are of the left: Hermes Lima, ex-premier and now foreign minister; Almino Afonse, labor minister, and João Mangabeira, justice minister. The latter is the long-time president of the Brazilian Socialist Party. Louis Stein, Brasil correspondent for the Copley News Service (which serves a number of U.S. papers), called all three "notorious Marxists" in a recent dispatch; this resulted in Hermes Lima cancelling Stein's press privileges at the

Med. B - A

Confidential

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foreign ministry.

Gelseo Furtado, author of Brasil's new three-year economic plan, is sometimes called "Communist" by rightists. I have heard this label also from a few Americans who have worked with him in the Northeastern SUDENE program. The reply usually is that, since Furtado is essentially a planner whose work interferes with unrestricted free enterprise, those who feel themselves hampered by his plans put the label on him.

Leonel Brizola, the president's brother-in-law who is now a Congressman after having finished his term as governor of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, is blattantly anti-American, is for the expropriation of foreign utilities and often preaches violence in his Brazil-for-the-Brazilians campaign. I doubt that he is a true Communist or pro-Russian. It should be noted that although Brizola is in the inner circle, Goulart does not publicly support his expressions; on the other hand, Goulart has not publicly denounced him.

Francisco Julião, leader of the Peasant Leagues in the Northeast, is strongly pro-Castro and is believed to get help from Castro. He is a federal Congressman, but probably does not carry much weight in national decisions. His movement, however, has undoubtedly increased the pressure for agrarian reform - a step which, incidentally, the U.S. itself desires.

Whether any of those mentioned is really a hard-Communist is difficult to say, though I am hoping that our further check will bring out facts. I have no doubt that Ambassador Gordon and the State Department, in stating that there were Communists in the Brazilian government, had some very solid proof. Whether it fails on any of those mentioned, or on others not mentioned here, I don't know now.

The label "Communist" as freely applied by the right and center here, catches many leftists who are not pro-Communist, pro-Russia, pro-Castro, but who want major reforms and changes. While they usually favor free elections and maintenance of the democratic form of government, they want major government planning and strong controls on free enterprise. They are nationalistic, holding that the benefits brought to Brazil by foreign capital are outweighed, in many sectors, by the cost to Brazil. They believe in a more equitable distribution of wealth, particularly to improve the lot of the masses, both rural and urban. Although they are not very clear about how to put their own house in order, they hope to produce leaders who will do an honest and effective job.

My opinion is that it is this thinking which is slowly but steadily winning out in Brasil, as in much else of Latin America. Democratic liberalism, as practiced here, has not brought a cent living to the masses. The elite has failed to do the job it might have done, and the population explosion is counter-balancing some of the efforts that are being undertaken.

Mod. 7 A

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

WASHINGTON

April 10, 1963

Dear Nelson:

I read with interest, somewhat belatedly, your statement at a press conference in Chicago on February 9 concerning NATO atomic problems. As I have been wrestling with these problems for over ten years, I was especially interested in your views. I recall with pleasure our labors in the past on some aspects of the peaceful uses of atomic energy.

I would like to try to bring you around to a more affirmative approach to the NATO nuclear force which is presently a prime object of United States Government interest.

The NATO mixed manned MRBM force is a concept which I tried to promote during the Eisenhower Administration and which I now am working on as a consultant to the Kennedy Administration in association with Livie Merchant.

The present proposal for what is called an MLF is directly descended from the concept presented by Governor Herter at the December, 1960 NATO Meeting. It had the full approval of President Eisenhower. The Herter concept called

for a

The Honorable
Nelson A. Rockefeller,
Governor of New York,
Albany.

-2-

for a multilateral force which would be jointly
owned, manned, and controlled by the participants
in the force. We have tried to keep to that basic
concept during the past two years and it now looks
as if we are going to succeed. I think it would
be very unfortunate if this concept, rooted in
Republican policy, should become the object of a
partisan dispute if and when it reaches the stage
of Congressional action.

I don't think it is quite fair to describe it
as a "technical gimmick". The United States Navy
has thoroughly investigated the problem of mixed
manning and has come up with an affirmative con-
clusion as to feasibility. A number of most
intelligent Naval officers are enthusiastic about
this concept. If implemented it will result in the
creation of an international force of unique character--
a functional breakthrough to that greater political
integration of the Atlantic nations which you so
courageously are backing.

We recognize that the MLF does not constitute
a definitive answer to all the nuclear problems
in the trans-Atlantic relationship. However, I
think it constitutes a solid start and one which
if successfully concluded, can lead in the direction
that I believe you would like to see us go.

I certainly don't want to be understood as
defending all of the developments of our inter-
national nuclear weapons policy since January, 1961.
However, I do believe that on MLF policy there has
been consistency and that we are going in the right
direction.

I would

April 18, 1963

To: HAK
From: DB

Re: HAK reply to Mr. Myron Kahn, a California business man, who proposes a new program for the participation of American business in the development of the underdeveloped areas.

1. Mr. Kahn's proposal is so general that I have difficulty putting my finger on it. It is very difficult to extract any specifics of value from his "proposal" although the problem he is trying to cure is a real one -- how to find the mechanisms by which American private investment can be spurred to increase its participation and its responsibility once it does participate.

2. Draft reply:

Thank you for your letter of March 26th and for the copy of the interesting letter you had sent to President Kennedy in April, 1961.

The challenge of involving the American business community in the struggle to build strong economies throughout the Southern half of the globe should receive an extremely high priority. I agree with you that government alone or industry alone cannot meet the great needs of the developing countries.

Your proposal is a very interesting one and has been very helpful to me.

May 8, 1963

To: HAK
From: DLB

Re: Deardourff request reply to Myron Kahn for enclosed letter.

We have already dealt with this one. I have attached the copy of the
memo I gave to you when this first came up.

22 West 55th Street
New York 19, N. Y.

Judson 2-7030

May 13, 1963

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Harvard University
Six Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Henry:

I have your note of May 9 and the enclosed draft replies that you prepared. I agree that the most useful way to handle this is to channel your draft replies through my office, and I would like to proceed on that basis from now on.

JDD:db

May 14, 1963

MEMORANDUM

TO: Research Staff

FROM: John Deardourff

SUBJECT: Research Staff Responsibility for Drafting Responses to Correspondence Dealing with Substantive Issues.

In the coming months we will undoubtedly receive an increasing number of letters from major interest groups throughout the country, requesting information regarding the Governor's position on specific issues.

We can anticipate that MAR's responses to their inquiries will be transmitted to the members of these groups by means of their magazines, trade journals, bulletins, etc. Collectively, such groups constitute a very large segment of the population, and the Governor's replies to letters from their leadership are thus extremely important.

Rod Perkins, Dr. Kissinger, and I agree that the drafting of replies to inquiries from such groups -- as well as the drafting of replies to other substantively important correspondence -- must be an integral part of our research operation. This is, of course, particularly true of correspondence that requires, in answer, the taking of new substantive positions.

In an effort to assure ourselves that replies to such correspondence are substantively correct, we have requested that copies of incoming letters that raise domestic or foreign policy issues on which the Governor has no public position be channeled to the Research Unit so that we can determine the type of reply which is required.

In this connection, however, it should be pointed
out that only a very small percentage of the total volume of
correspondence on "national" issues will actually require the
attention of the Research Staff. As is the case now, Bob
Douglass and his staff at "5600" will continue to answer the
great majority of letters that deal with subjects on which the
Governor is already on record and that can, therefore, be answered
by simple acknowledgments and copies of his previous statements.

In drafting replies, we want at all times to make
maximum use of secondary or outside sources, including particu-
larly our topic consultants, Donna Mitchell, Senators Javita
and Keating, Representative Lindsay, the minority staffs of
House and Senate committees, and so forth. Do not hesitate to
let me know if I can help you in making contacts.

In terms of the format of these replies, a short
briefing memo as to background and the "pros" and "cons" of
your recommended reply will usually be in order.

Please keep a notation of how long it takes to draft
the answer to any particular letter.