Biographical Data

GRAUBARD, Stephen Richards

Adams House E-22

Cambridge 38, Mass.

Born: December 5, 1924

## Positions

Lecturer on History and General Education, Harvard University, 1960-1963

Assistant Professor of History and General Education, Harvard, 1955-1960

Instructor in History and General Education, Harvard, 1952-1955

Teaching Fellow in General Education, Harvard, 1950-1952

Teaching Fellow in History, 1947-1948

Research Associate in the Center of International Affairs, Harvard, 1963 --

Executive Secretary, Committee on General Education, Harvard, 1952-1959

Editor, *Daedalus*, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1961-

Managing Editor, *Daedalus*, 1960-1961

Assistant Editor, *Confluence*, 1955-1957

## Honors and Awards

Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1962 --

Editor of the Academy, 1963 --

Emerton Fellowship, Coolidge Travelling Fellowship, Harvard, 1946-7, 1948-9

Social Science Research Council pre-doctoral fellowship, 1948-1950

Harvard Foundation grant, 1957

American Philosophical Society grant, 1958

## Education

George Washington University, A.B. (with distinction), 1945

Harvard University, A.M., 1946

Harvard University, PhD, 1952

2

Publications

Books:

British Labour and the Russian Revolution, 1917-1924, Harvard University Press, 1956.

Burke, Disraeli and Churchill: The Politics of Perseverance, Harvard University Press, 1961.

Excellence and Leadership in a Democracy, edited with Gerald Holton, Columbia University Press, 1962.

Articles and Review Articles:

"Military Demobilization in Great Britain following the First World War," Journal of Modern History XIX (1947), 297-311.

"Le Pouvoir de la Parole dans l'Angleterre Victorienne," Critique, (July 1958), 605-621.

"Idées et Hasard dans l'Histoire," Critique, (July 1960), 621-635.

"Dilemma of de Gaulle - and France," New York Times Magazine, October 22, 1961.

"A New Revolution Transforms France," New York Times Magazine, December 2, 1962.

"A New Europe?" Deedalus, (forthcoming, Winter 1964).

"Castlereagh and the Peace of Europe," Journal of British Studies (forthcoming).

Book Reviews:

Numerous reviews in the *American Historical Review* and in the *Journal of Modern History*; occasional reviews in *Victorian Studies*, *New England Quarterly*, *The Reporter*.

Military Service

U.S. Army, Infantry, 1943.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CONFLUENCE
AN INTERNATIONAL FORUM

10 WELD HALL
CAMBRIDGE 38, MASSACHUSETTS

HENRY A. KISSINGER, Editor

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
HARVARD SUMMER SCHOOL
OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AND OF EDUCATION

WILLIAM Y. ELLIOTT, Director

November 2, 1955

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Council on Foreign Relations
58 East 68th Street
New York, N.Y.

Dear Henry:

Things have lightened up sufficiently in my other work to permit
me to do a considerable amount here, and several things have happened that
I think you would want to know about.

First, I gather from June that you are somewhat alarmed about the
prospects for the next issue. I must say that out of ignorance perhaps, I
fail to share your alarm. Looking over the last issue and seeing what has
been promised in the next one, it occurs to me that most of the promised
articles are in a fairly good state and could be delivered up to the
printer by the middle of this month. For example, I have reworked the
Mukerji, omitting a good part of the last section, and I think that the
first part as revised is certainly interesting and informative. It is
perhaps not too curious that Mukerji should have better insights in those
things about which he is not emotional. The last part, which is a curious
combination of Angliphobia and pro-Nehruism with various minutiae inter-
spersed, is very unsatisfactory. I am enclosing this article with both
my comments and Corinne's.

I have also revised the Allison article which is certainly less than
impressive, but still printable. His views on foreign affairs are somewhat
naive, but his "science fiction" notions about peaceful uses of atomic
energy have some merit. There is a wonderful naivete in the whole piece
which I am sure you have detected.

It occurs to me that a very reasonable beginning for the atomic
question would be an issue that contained Moch's article, Allison's, and
that of Denis Healey which has just arrived. I have not yet looked at
the Healey piece, but knowing the man I feel confident that it is judicious,
literate, and probably, most important of all, would complement the other
two pieces admirably.

The Duverger article, as you know, I revised over the summer and
would certainly think worthy of inclusion. I have yet to receive the Calvez
piece so I do not know how to judge between it and the Duverger. I gather
also that you have completed work on the Larrabee, which we are also waiting
to receive, and the Hagen piece has arrived which I will work on. All in all,
I cannot see why we should not be able to make the necessary decisions on

2.

these matters in the next two weeks and send the material on to the printer.

I hope that I am not sounding optimistic simply because I have
learned that you feel only deep pessimism, but I really fail to understand
your present worry. Relieve me of this hopeless bliss, if you feel inclined to.

The more that I think about the Brice Parain piece (which obviously
I have not seen), the more inclined I am to believe that it should not
appear in the next issue. If it is really conceived as you explained it,
it should have no smaller relevance in April than it does in January, and
I can imagine it doing real damage by upsetting the whole publication
schedule. Also, I think it important that we should start the atomic
issue this time if at all possible. Incidentally, Walter Strauss could not
do the Parain sections we sent him, and we are waiting for word from Joyce
Crick as to whether she can do the whole piece.

Now for some unpleasant details. On February 9 we wrote to Mr.
Koestner of the National Bank of Egypt on the recommendation of de Jouvenel,
asking for an article about underdeveloped countries. The article was
written and mailed to the office in late March. You acknowledge receipt
of it on April 4 but explained that you had not yet looked through it, but
that you would do so and write further. There was never any further
communication from you. Mr. Koestner wrote on August 4 asking for information
about his piece. I sent this letter to you in New York on September 22, and
as far as I can tell, still nothing has been done about it. I propose to
read the article and reply to Mr. Koestner. If you have any specific
recommendations for what I might say, please hurry them along.

We also have an article from Mr. Komai on Liberalism in Japanese
University, which was received in September. I assume from a hurried
reading that you do not propose to use it, for fairly obvious reasons. Is
it all right for me to write explaining why the article is not useful?
Also, I think the return of the article to Mr. Komai might make sense.

There is an article from Mr. Quereshi which I am also reading to
see whether it has any merit. If I find that it does not, I propose to
write to him. While I am giving you sad tales, I might mention that we
have not written to M. Duverger since February 14. I think this is almost
a reason for publishing the piece, whatever its merits, and sending payment
for it.

I am still uncertain whether I shall be able to go to New York
next weekend, but I should very much like to because there is a lot about
*Confluence* which I think we should discuss. I even have an idea for our
issue after the Woodrow Wilson one.

Please give my love to Anne.

Stephen R. Graubard

2

Statement A

Ideally, the doctoral dissertation ought to provide the scholar with some competence in a special field of research, and some incentive for further investigation in fields illuminated by that research experience. My own dissertation, which involved a study of the impact of the Russian Revolution on British Labour in the period 1917-1924, whatever its value in the first respect, was important in that it compelled me to view the first World War in a way that I had not done previously. The more I reflected on the implications of my special subject, the more I was led to regard it as a segment - and a very small one - of a larger subject, which could only be defined as Europe's experience in the first World War. The nature of that experience, if properly understood, would go far to explain the happenings of the years that followed the Versailles settlement. Materials of every description seemed to support a growing conviction on my part that the 1914-1918 War was a major landmark in modern European history, comparable only to the French Revolution in its effects.

With this in mind, I began to examine existing studies of the first World War and its aftermath. I was struck early by what I thought to be the inappropriateness of the conventional chronological divisions established by historians in their study of 20th century Europe. The period 1900-1914 was commonly viewed as a continuation of the 19th century, with the War representing one break, and the years 1919-1939, or some subdivision of these years forming another unit, followed by the second World War, which received the sort of treatment already accorded the 1914-1918 War. This kind of analysis implied that the first World War was no more than an episode in European history, having no greater significance than any other major happening.

It is hazardous to predict how future historians will regard the events of this century. Yet, it is at least arguable that in the future, historians may come to view the period 1789-1914 as a cultural unit, destroyed ultimately by the outbreak of hostilities in 1914. Should such a view come to prevail, the first World War will undergo a scrutiny more intense than any it has received to date. However, it will not only be a more intense scrutiny, but one conceived differently from those studies which presently fill our library shelves. It is doubtful whether the many excellent volumes produced by the Hoover Library on War, Peace, and Revolution will ever again be duplicated. In the years immediately after the War, a minute examination of the facilities established by individual nations to cope with a conflict without historical parallel seemed both reasonable and proper. However, once done, such work, which is almost entirely descriptive, needs never to be redone. The volumes remain a rich mine for the student who wishes to study the war administrations created by the major belligerent powers.

[lc]

Stephen R. Graubard

3

The diplomatic histories, when they strive for objectivity, and are not concerned to rout munitions-makers, "the Germans," diplomats, militarists, or other undesirables, achieve considerable distinction. Sidney B. Fay's "Origins of the World War" will not be displaced, although valuable additions will in all probability be made. The more didactic diplomatic histories, which sought to instruct men in the 1930's on the lessons they might learn from the first World War, thereby avoiding another, have already begun to gather dust.

My own study of the first World War leads me to believe that the opportunities for creative and new research exist in areas other than diplomatic, military, and administrative history. I am impressed by what I think to be the enormously changed climate of opinion which was the result of the War. Men emerged from the War thinking differently, believing differently, and perhaps most important, expecting different things. To read the autobiography of Duff Cooper is to realize again what deep wounds were opened by the experience of losing almost all of one's friends in the trenches of France, and seeing so much of what one thought of as traditional in Europe pass into oblivion. Nothing was ever the same again.

However, to record such personal testimonials of loss is not to explain the war years. A more significant inquiry is one which attempts to explain how groups and nations reacted to this period of unparalleled change, in which traditional political authorities were overturned, novel social and economic experiments were attempted, and new ideas and slogans were invented. How did four years of seeing such things, hearing such words, and acting in accordance with the new demands, ultimately affect European thought and behaviour?

My own investigation of the English experience convinces me that this is a question on which almost no research exists. In fact, some historians would deny the reality of the whole problem. There is a school of thought in England, as on the Continent, which minimizes the 1914 break, and seeks to make some other event all-important. Thus, Bismarck's victory in 1871 is frequently used by modern historians as the date when the 20th century problem, defined as uncontrolled violence, totalitarian nationalism, or some such thing, first emerges. In England, historians, when tempted to find the origins of the behaviour characteristic of the war and post-war period, usually discover it in the first decade of the 20th century. In this connection, it is interesting to note the comment made by George Dangerfield in his book, "The Strange Death of Liberal England." Dangerfield writes: "That extravagant behaviour of the post-war decade, which most of us thought to be the effect of war, had really begun before the War. The War hastened everything - in politics, in economics, in behaviour - but it started nothing." If Dangerfield is right, and the War served only as a catalytic agent, then my emphasis on its unique importance is of course an error.

[Lc]

Stephen R. Graubard

My own research in the English war and post-war period does not support the Dangerfield thesis. I see the situation as infinitely more complex, with the War providing an impetus far different from that suggested by Dangerfield. My own research does not lead me to see the post-war period as a violent one, reminiscent of 1912. I see post-war Britain as both more and less violent than pre-war Britain, with exaggerated hopes born of the War, but also with exaggerated fears stemming from the same experience. If Britain is more radical in some respects, it is also more cautious and more uncertain, and ultimately, more forebearing. To imagine that the War simply caused men to become more violent and demanding is to see only one side of the coin - the other is no less significant, in Britain, as well as elsewhere. I have done a good deal of work on this subject as far as Great Britain is concerned, and four to six months' study in England ought to enable me to complete this part of the project.

In considering the English experience in the first World War, and in the years immediately following, I have inevitably been led to consider what parallels there might be between England and that of the other European victor states. What I particularly want to do is extend my study to include an analysis of the French situation. It is for this reason that I am seeking a year's leave from Harvard, approximately one-third of it to be spent in England, the other two-thirds in France.

I intend that my study of the impact of the War on French society should proceed along the lines already developed in my English study. I want to discover how the War influenced political thinking in France, and how it affected the various political parties. The disillusionment of the War generation, and the importance of that sentiment in the rise of various totalitarian ideologies is another subject well worth investigating. The extraordinary conservatism of French foreign policy in the post-war years originates, I believe, in the War experience. I hope to be able to demonstrate the connections between the two. There is also, I think, a significant change in the attitude of the French citizen towards the nation; French nationalism after the War lacks the confidence and stridency that is clearly present in the first decade of the century.

My object, in short, is to think anew about what the first World War meant for English and French society. That such a subject will not be exhausted with the publication of a single work, I know only too well. It is the greatness of the theme, and the potentialities of it that excite me, and keep me faithful to a period which I first began to study, in a much more modest manner, a decade ago in my first year as a graduate student.

[LC]

Stephen R. Graubard

5

## Statement B

As explained in Statement A, this project originated in research undertaken for my doctoral dissertation. In preparing the dissertation for publication, I omitted parts which I imagined would one day fit more appropriately in a book conceived along somewhat different lines. Thus, for example, a long chapter on the so-called "revolutionary years" in Britain (1919-1920) was eliminated entirely. There can be no question but that this material will find a place in any book which emerges from the present study, for it indicates better than anything I know, the consequences, subtle and complex, of the war experience. In the last two years, I have given particular attention to the period 1914-1916, the part of the War unrelated to my dissertation. Parliamentary Debates, journals, newspapers, biographies, and other materials that exist in the Harvard University libraries for that period have been examined.

My research into France's experience in the first World War is in a more rudimentary state. Although I made some investigation of French Socialism when studying the Second and Third Internationals, this was incidental to my main purpose, and served only to provide a first step for further research. While I cannot hope, in the short run, to acquire the degree of competence in French history that a decade of study and two years of residence in London have given me in English history, I do believe that my research in the history of France is proceeding at a pace which will necessitate a visit to France beginning in the summer or autumn of 1956. The French part of the project is my chief concern at the moment, and it is in this area that I expect a considerable advance to be made in the next half year.

I read French with ease.

## Statement D

The Assistant Professor at Harvard may, if he chooses, take a sabbatical leave for a full year at half salary. My salary next year will be $5750; I will therefore receive $2875 if I am absent for the entire academic year. With deductions for federal income tax, state income tax, and retirement (5%), I estimate that I should be receiving an annual income of about $2000. I expect that a year's residence in Europe - in England and France - will cost approximately $4500. The items for which I am asking assistance from the Social Science Research Council include the following:

Travel by ship to and from Europe - $ 450.
Travel in Europe - 300.
Clerical assistance (copying, typing, etc.) - 450.
Maintenance for 3 to 4 months - 900.
$2100.

[Lc]

Stephen R. Graubard

6

So far as I know, Harvard University does not provide assistance for sabbatical leaves. I have made no application for other grants, but am investigating other possible sources for support, and will of course write immediately if the situation changes.

## Statement E

1947-48 Teaching Fellow in History; Harvard University.
1948-50 Abroad, residing in England; some travel on the Continent.
1950-52 Teaching Fellow in General Education; Harvard University.
1952-55 Instructor in History and General Education; Harvard University.
Executive Secretary to the Committee on General Education.
1955- Assistant Professor of History and General Education; Harvard University. Executive Secretary to the Committee on General Education; Assistant Editor, *Confluence*.

## Statement F

"Military Demobilization in Great Britain Following the First World War," Journal of Modern History, Vol. 19, No. 4, December, 1947. (Reprints not available).

"British Labour and the Russian Revolution 1917-1924," (to be published by the Harvard University Press).

p. d. the Harvard University Press).

"Brittish Lapouk and the Rnatan Revolution 1871-1881" (to be published

1841. (Reprints not available).

Mar., "Journal of Modern History," Vol. 13, No. 4, December.
"Militarly Demobilization in Great Britain Following the First World

Statement B

Education! Vassant Editor, *Conjunction*.

1822- Vassant Professor of History and General Education! Harvard
Executive Secretary to the Committee on General Education.

1825-22 Instructor in History and General Education! Harvard University.

1820-25 Teaching Fellow in General Education! Harvard University.

1848-20 Vproep, residing in England; some travel on the Continent.

1841-48 Teaching Fellow in History! Harvard University.

Statement E

conse write immediately if the situation changes.
sm investigating other possible sources for anwort, and will of
apparent leaves. I have made no subscription for other Grents, put
so far as I know, Harvard University does not provide assistance for

Stephen R. Grunberg

[c]

May 18, 1956

M. Jean Marie Domenach
Esprit
27 rue Jacob
Paris VI, France

Dear M. Domenach:

I wrote you last week on Confluence business. I am writing you today on behalf of my friend Dr. Stephen Graubard who is associated with me in editing Confluence. He is the man whom you met at my house for dinner. Dr. Graubard is spending several months in Europe and he will be arriving in Paris around June 1st. One purpose of his visit is to collect material for a book he is writing on the impact of the first World War on European society. Another is to become better acquainted with intellectual life on the continent. Dr. Graubard is a professor of history at Harvard University. It is obviously of the first importance that he meets the most interesting people and also that he receives some advice about he might spend his stay in Europe most profitably. I have, therefore, taken the liberty of suggesting to him that he might write to you to arrange a meeting. I know you will find him very interesting and I am sure he would profit greatly from seeing you. I would consider anything you would do for him a personal favor.

It was a great pleasure to see you over here. I hope you have not given up the idea of perhaps returning as a participant in our Seminar. What you say about the duty of the American intellectual to explain the complexity of foreign problems I fully share. I would merely add that European intellectuals have a similar obligation and that they should not always write the things that their readers expect. I think such articles as Dumur's in "Les Lettres Nouvelles" are very childish and irresponsible, not to speak of the fact that they are totally incorrect. I am glad you wrote for Foreign Affairs. I have not yet seen your article, but I have heard very good things about it.

With kind personal regards.

May 15, 1956

M. Bertrand de Jouvenel
Chateau d'Ansville
Par Bornel, Oise

My dear M. de Jouvenel:

I wrote you last week on Confluence business. I am
writing you today on behalf of my friend Dr. Stephen Graubard
who is associated with me in editing Confluence. He is spending
several months in Europe. One purpose of his visit is to
collect material for a book he is writing on the impact of the
first World War on European society. Another is to become
better acquainted with intellectual life on the continent.
Dr. Graubard is a professor of history at Harvard University.
It is obviously of the first importance that he meets the most
interesting people and also that he receives some advice about
how he might spend his stay in Europe most profitably. I have,
therefore, taken the liberty of suggesting to him that he might
write to you to arrange a meeting. I know you will find him
very interesting and I am sure he would profit greatly from seeing
you. I would consider anything you would do for him a personal
favor. My only regret is that I cannot be in his place. I do
hope, however, to have a chance to see you before the year is out.

Best regards.

P. S. Dr. Graubard will arrive in Paris around June 1st.
I am sending you under separate cofer a reprint of an
article I wrote for Foreign Affairs.

May 15, 1956

M. Nicholas Nabokov
Congres de la Liberte de la Culture
104 Boulevard Haussmann
Paris

Dear M. Nabokov:

I am writing this letter on behalf of my friend, Dr. Stephen Graubard who is associated with me in editing Confluence. He is spending several months in Europe. One purpose of his visit is to collect material for a book he is writing on the impact of the first World War on European society. Another is to become better acquainted with intellectual life on the Continent. Dr. Graubard is a professor of history at Harvard University. It is obviously of the first importance that he meets the most interesting people and also that he receives some advice about how he might spend his stay in Europe most profitably. I have, therefore, taken the liberty of suggesting to him that he might write to you to arrange a meeting. I know you will find him very interesting and I am sure he would profit greatly from seeing you. I would consider anything you would do for him a personal favor.

The plan for the Seminar in New Delhi is progressing
and it seems definite now that we shall be holding it from
December 3 to 21.

Best regards.

May 18, 1956

M. Victor de Pange
Conseil de l'Europe
Strassbourg, FRANCE

Dear Victor:

I am writing you today on behalf of my friend Dr. Stephen Graubard who is associated with me in editing Confluence. He is spending several months in Europe. One purpose of his visit is to collect material for a book he is writing on the impact of the first World War on European society. Another is to become better acquainted with intellectual life on the Continent. Dr. Graubard is a professor of history at Harvard University. It is obviously of the first importance that he meets the most interesting people and that he receives some advice about how he might spend his stay in Europe most profitably. Dr. Graubard is arriving in Paris on June 1st and he will be staying at the Hotel des Saint Peres, rue des Saint Peres. Perhaps you could get in touch with him there. I know you will find him very interesting and I am sure he would profit greatly from seeing you. I would consider anything you would do for him a personal favor.

Best regards.

May 15, 1956

M. Brice Parain
5 rue Sebastian
Paris

Dear M. Parain:

I am writing this letter on behalf of my friend, Dr. Stephen Graubard who is associated with me in editing Confluence. He is spending several months in Europe. One purpose of his visit is to collect material for a book he is writing on the impact of the first World War on European society. Another is to become better acquainted with intellectual life on the continent. Dr. Graubard is a professor of history at Harvard University. I am very eager for him to meet you and it had also occured to me that you might introduce him to some of the authors of Gallimard, such as Camus. I have, therefore, taken the liberty of suggesting to him that he might write to you to arrange a meeting. I know you will find him very interesting and I am sure he would profit greatly from seeing you. I would consider anything you would do for him a personal favor. My only regret is that I cannot be in his place. I do hope, however, to have a chance to see you before the year is out.

Best regards.

May 18, 1956

Mr. Leo Valiani
Via Benedetto
Marcello 6
Milan, Italy

Dear Mr. Valiani:

This is to introduce my friend, Dr. Stephen Graubard,
who is associated with me in editing Confluence. He is spending
several months in Europe. One purpose of his visit is to collect
material for a book he is writing on the impact of the first
World War on European society. Another is to become better
acquainted with intellectual life on the Continent. Dr. Graubard
is a professor of history at Harvard University. It is obviously
of the first importance that he meets the most interesting people
and also that he receives some advice about how he might spend his
stay in Europe most profitably. I have, therefore, taken the liberty
of suggesting that he contact you. I know you will find him very
interesting and I am sure he will profit greatly from seeing you.
I would consider anything you would do for him a personal favor.
My only regret is that I cannot be in his place. I do hope, however,
to have a chance to see you before the year is out.

Best regards.

May 14, 1956

M. Eric Weil
1 Avenue René Samuel
Clamart, Seine

Dear M. Weil:

I am writing this letter on behalf of my friend, Dr. Stephen Graubard who is associated with me in editing Confluence. He is spending several months in Europe. One purpose of his visit is to collect material for a book he is writing on the impact of the first World War on European society. Another is to become better acquainted with intellectual life on the continent. Dr. Graubard is a professor of history at Harvard University. It is obviously of the first importance that he meets the most interesting people and also that he receives some advice about how he might spend his stay in Europe most profitably. I have, therefore, taken the liberty of suggesting to him that he might write to you to arrange a meeting. I know you will find him very interesting and I am sure he would profit greatly from seeing you. I would consider anything you would do for him a personal favor. My only regret is that I cannot be in his place. I do hope, however, to have a chance to see you before the year is out.

Best regards.

Report on Application for Grant of Social Science Research Council

Stephen Graubart

I have known the applicant since 1950 and I have been associated with him, both
professionally and personally, since then.

I would rate the applicant among the three ablest researchers I know at Harvard. He is judicious, careful and thorough. He is perhaps not the fastest worker, but he achieves the same quantity as the best researchers I know by longer application, and the quality of his product is always superior. I have great faith he will make a major contribution to knowledge.

I have talked with the applicant many times about his project. I know he has given it a great deal of thought. It is, of course, a major effort and may not be completed within one year. I know he has prepared himself diligently for it by reading during the summer for the past few years and it has been in the very fore-front of his thought.

His personal manners are easy and he will be certain to get every cooperation required. This prospect is enhanced by the fact that he is Assistant Editor of *Confluence* and as such is necessarily in touch with the intellectual leaders of foreign countries where his *proposed* research is proposed to take place.

December 7, 1956

My dear Steve:

I thought you might be amused by an extract from Kenneth Murdock's
letter with reference to the dinner he gave for me:

" There will be Cushing Goodhue whom you have met at my house, who is a lawyer and, as you know, intensely interested in India. There is Milton Katz of the Law School who is Professor of Law and Director of International Legal Studies. Morton Prince is a neighbor of mine in Boston, a son of the famous psychologist and a man of broad interests in addition to being a complete and Proper Bostonian. Mark Howe, another Professor of Law, you probably know. Henry Parkman has been deeply involved in political affairs in Massachusetts. Finally, there is James Lawrence, Jr. whose name pretty well explains his status. He is an architect and also a man much interested in international affairs."

I liked the reference to the "Proper Bostonian" and of course I
did not have the heart to tell Kenneth I did not have the foggiest idea how
or why the name Lawrence should explain his status.

It was a splendid dinner and everyone was most charming. Kenneth
is a delight - one of the three men at Harvard for whom I have respect and
perhaps the only senior professor for whom I have affection. Thanks for
bringing us together.

As always,

Mr. Stephen Graubard
67 Rue des Saint-Peres
Paris VI, France

P.S. It might interest you that Bundy turned down the presidency of
Princeton which shows that it is harder to get away from Boston than one
would think.

February 8, 1957

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Rockefeller Brothers Fund
22 West 55th Street
New York, New York

Dear Henry:

A brief note to let you know that I have dictated to Corinne a very rough copy of the letter that I hope we can send out in connection with our new plan for "foreign correspondents." When it is reworked I shall send you a copy for your own comments. I think as you do that it is very important to make this letter as forceful as possible (and also as brief as possible). The more I think about this plan the more I think it may do a great deal to raise the level of interest.

There are two things that I would like your opinion about. Do you think that we ought to mention any sum of money which we would be prepared to pay for such letters? In fact, was it your intention to pay anything for them? Also, do you think that we should send such letters to as many as 15 or 20 people in certain countries? For example, in France I know that I could write to at least 15 people on this proposal (Weil, Domenach, Aron, De Jouvenel, Brice Parain, Touchard - of the Scipol - Mauriac, Malraux, Camus, Thierry-Maulnier, Bourdet, Piovene, Moch, Emmanuel). Once we agree about the text of the letter, we ought to get up a list of people in all the various countries. I am most anxious that this should be done if at all possible in the next two weeks.

I hope very much that you are taking care of your health in these last pre-natal moments. There is much to talk about here and I hope that we shall see each other soon.

Please give my love to Ann.

March 20, 1957

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
225 West 55th Street
New York, New York

Dear Henry:

Corinne has asked me to look at the Chinese and the Indonesian applications and I have done so. On the Island of Formosa there are at least eight possible people upon whom we both agreed and I have suggested that they be forwarded to the Asia Foundation. I am not equally impressed by the applicants from Hong Kong. They are all friends of Mr. Hsu and come to our attention through him alone. No one of them is terribly impressive - at least on paper.

In Indonesia the problem is more serious. There are only about 15 applications, of which the best by far is a man named Tooy who applied last year. We did not take him at that time, but Corinne has written to him asking whether he would like to reapply. So far he has not replied. Could we do anything to get anyone in Indonesia to look into the question since he is clearly the man most suited for the Seminar? The second person in my view is a journalist who has been here twice - once as recently as 1955. I frankly cannot see the sense of bringing him again. Many of the others have either been here or do not strike me as being terribly promising. Those who have not been here are in some instances poor and in others simply not suited to this sort of Seminar. For example, one of the women, an archaeologist, sounds good; but what in Heaven's name do you provide for such a person at Harvard in the summer?

Corinne tells me that the Japanese and Philippine applications can be sent as they are to the Asia Foundation. Also, she remarks that the Viet Namese applicants are both in France, and that the better of the two has not yet replied to the question whether he would be able to stay here all summer if he were chosen. We have only two applications from Korea, both from people who have already been here. Neither of them strikes Corinne as being extraordinary. From Malaya we have only one, but the Asia Foundation has already said that he is extremely good.

The question quite obviously is what do we do in the case of countries like Hong Kong and Korea. Do we say that when we get to applications from a country, neither of them good and both from people who have already been here, that we will forget all

Dr. James Killian
Chairman of the Corporation
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge 39, Massachusetts

Dear Jim:

I was sorry to miss you at the meeting of the Special Studies Panel which unhappily coincided with the only time I had available for vacation this year. I had seen your comments of course, and as Nancy undoubtedly told you, I was in agreement with them.

Had we met, I would have raised personally the problem about which I am writing to you today. A good friend of mine, Dr. Stephen Graubard, is leaving Harvard at the end of this academic year, and I would like to take the liberty of putting his name before you as a possible faculty member for M.I.T. Dr. Graubard has served these past four years as Assistant Professor of History and also as Executive Secretary of the Committee on General Education. He has therefore had a unique opportunity to participate in and shape both the teaching and the administrative part of Harvard College. He is leaving Harvard because, as you know, the Graustein Formula sets limits on the appointments that can be made by each Department. As it happens, no appointment is possible in English History at Harvard for several years.

I have had an opportunity to observe Dr. Graubard both as an instructor and an Assistant Professor. The quality that has impressed me most is his unusual capacity for growth, which I think is indicated by the nature of the tasks he has set himself. His first publication was a solid, scholarly book on the attitude of the British Labour Party towards Communist Russia in 1919 and 1920. He has recently finished a series of essays on Burke, Disraeli and Churchill. His next project will be the change that World War I brought to European societies. Each of these efforts has been both wider in scope and deeper in philosophical insight than its predecessor. I have no doubt that this process will continue.

Dr. James Killian

2.

October 13, 1959

In addition to his scholarly work, Dr. Graubard has taught courses in history as well as in General Education. His General Education course, which has the title "Freedom and Authority in the Modern World," is one of the most popular courses in the General Education field. Though I do not take the Harvard freshman guide as the last word on the subject, it does indicate the students' assessment and I think you will find it enthusiastic.

Kenneth Murdock will be able to tell you more about Dr. Graubard's work as Executive Secretary of the Committee on General Education. I am sure he will agree with me that Dr. Graubard was a major force in shaping the General Education program at Harvard over the past few years.

A recital of these formal attainments does not do justice to the dedication that Dr. Graubard brings to all his efforts and to the exceptional human qualities which he represents. I would not intercede with you if I did not believe him to be an unusually competent person who would bring great credit to M.I.T.

Of course I do not know whether you have any positions available or whether you care to intervene in matters of this kind. For whatever it is worth, I would like to say that there is no one I could recommend more highly than Dr. Graubard.

With kind regards.

JOHN SIMON GUGGENHEIM MEMORIAL FOUNDATION

551 FIFTH AVENUE • NEW YORK 17 • N. Y.

November 24, 1959

Will you please write us your critical judgment of the abilities of the applicant for a Guggenheim Fellowship whose name appears on the attached papers, and who has referred us to you?

As you know, our Fellowships are granted to persons who have demonstrated unusual capacity for productive scholarship or unusual creative ability in the arts. Hence, the primary question to be determined is on the quality of the applicant's previous accomplishments. The other question is on the merits of the project presented.

Your critical advice on these heads will be appreciated and I beg to give you the most strict assurances that anything you may say will be held in confidence here.

Please accept our thanks for your help.

Henry Allen Moe

Professor Henry A. Kissinger

CONFIDENTIAL REPORT ON CANDIDATE FOR FELLOWSHIP

NAME OF CANDIDATE: DR. STEPHEN R. GRAUBARD
REPORT REQUESTED OF PROFESSOR HENRY A. KISSINGER, DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

I have had an opportunity to observe Dr. Graubard as an administrator, an instructor and an Assistant Professor at Harvard. He has served for the past four years as Assistant Professor of History and also as Executive Secretary of the Committee on General Education. He has therefore had a unique opportunity to participate in and shape both the teaching and the administrative part of Harvard College.

The quality that has impressed me most about Dr. Graubard is his unusual capacity for growth, which I think is indicated by the nature of the tasks he has set himself. His first publication was a solid, scholarly book on the attitude of the British Labour Party towards Communist Russia in 1919 and 1920. He has recently finished a series of essays on Burke, Disraeli and Churchill. I have had occasion to read these and believe that they represent a major advance over his previous work. They will undoubtedly be published in the near future. His next project will be an examination of the climates of opinion in Great Britain and France in 1914, as a prelude to a study of the changed that World War I brought to these societies. Each of his efforts has been both wider in scope and deeper in philosophical insight than its predecessor. I have no doubt that this process will continue.

In addition to his scholarly work, Dr. Graubard has taught courses in history as well as in General Education. His General Education course, which has the title, "Freedom and Authority in the Modern World," is one of the best courses in the General Education program. In addition, in his role as Executive Secretary of the Committee on General Education, he has been a major force in shaping the program at Harvard over the past few years. I believe Dr. Graubard to be an unusually

DÆDALUS

33 Little Hall

### EDITORIAL OFFICE

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Jefferson Laboratory, Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

### PUBLICATION OFFICE

Wesleyan University Press
356 Washington Street
Middletown, Connecticut

Please address your reply to:

Editorial Office

27 February 1961

### MEMORANDUM

TO: Henry A. Kissinger
FROM: Stephen R. Graubard

These are the names I would suggest you submit to Gavin. I am not listing any of the obvious ones whom you would know, and whom you would be mentioning to him (e.g., Gallois, Domenach, Aron, DeLeusse, etc.) and ones I am naming are man in their '40s who are not widely known in this country but who are certain to be leading French intellectuals in the next decade and who are already widely known in Paris. I enclose a brief comment on each so that you may judge whether you wish to forward these names to Gavin:

1. J.B. Duroselle - 15 rue Gaudet, Le Chesnay (S&O). A leading diplomatic and political historian. Likely to be Renevan's successor at the Sorbonne. Rather like Alastair Buchan in England, but more intelligent. Speaks English perfectly.

2. Raoul Girardet - Ecole des Sciences Politiques, rue Saint Guillaume, Paris 7. Exceedingly well informed on the French military. From an old military family, which has not produced many academic sons. Is very knowledgeable about the French army. Speaks English poorly.

3. Alan Touraine - Centre Nationale des Recherche Scientifique. One of the best younger sociologists in France. Immensely well informed on working class movements and conditions. Spoken of by his contemporaries as a possible professor of the Sorbonne one day. Unusually brilliant. Speaks English perfectly.

4. J. M. Tréanton - University of Lille. Spends two days a week at Lille, the rest at Paris. I don't have his Paris address. One of the most cultivated and widely read people I know in France. A sociologist in the European tradition. Knows America well from reading and from visits. Could be very helpful on French social life. Exceedingly well informed, and fluent in English.

5. Philippe Daudy - 50 rue Jacob, Paris 7. A former journalist who has spent a great deal of time in Poland, Yugoslavia, and the Far East. An excellent reporter who has abandoned journalism for writing. Very thoughtful on French political life. Speaks English perfectly.

DÆDALUS

33

Little Hall

Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

### EDITORIAL OFFICE

### PUBLICATION OFFICE

Please address your reply to:

Editorial Office

21 March 1961

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Henry,

As you know, the circulation of DAEDALUS in this country is now reaching what we almost feel to be a satisfactory level. We now print some 22,000 copies and distribute almost that number. Our sales abroad, however, continue to be very low. I am most anxious to do whatever I can to remedy this situation. It is not so much a matter of our getting income from foreign sales that concerns me as it is an interest in seeing this sort of American effort more widely known in foreign places. In short, what we felt a decade ago about *Confluence*, I feel equally strongly about DAEDALUS. I would like sometime soon to discuss with you ways in which I might work towards an improving of our foreign sales. Two ideas have occurred to me which I hope will seem reasonable to you. I wonder first whether DAEDALUS could make use of the mailing list giving the names and addresses of former participants in the International Seminar. I would like a special letter to be prepared to each of these people, telling them about the journal, and indicating why we hope they would consider subscribing themselves or getting their organizations to subscribe. I wonder in this connection whether you would be willing to write a note as well? We might reproduce your letter separately, or incorporate it with our own or, if you wished, send it as the sole enclosure together with a folder such as the enclosed.

I do not feel that we can make a large inroad abroad unless we have key people interested in our effort. Ex-seminar participants are the sort of people we should be reaching. Will you think about this before Sunday, and can we spend a few minutes talking about it?

sl

cc:GH

June 9, 1961

Mr. Walter Stoessel
Embassy Political Advisor to SHAPE
American Embassy
Paris, France

Dear Walter:

This is to introduce my friend Stephen
Graubard, about whom I wrote you recently.

With kind regards and many thanks for
anything you can do for him.

July 10, 1961

Mr. S. R. Graubard
Centre Universitaire International
173 Blvd. St. Germain
Paris 6, France

Dear Steve:

I am enclosing a brief note to
Van Der Beugel, and I have also written to
him at greater length separately. I am sure
you will find him charming.

I am spending a fair amount of time
in Washington right now. The situation is compli-
cated beyond description, with Taylor, Schlesinger
and Bundy engaged in a three-cornered fight. If
a fraction of the intensity were devoted to saving
Berlin I would be more optimistic. I will have
plenty to tell you when you come back.

Please give my warm regards to my friends
and let me hear from you.

All the best.

Editorial Office

5 December 1961

Mr. John W. Gardner, President
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement
of Teaching
589 Fifth Avenue
New York 17, New York

Dear John,

I should like to put on paper certain of the ideas which I expressed to you at our recent meeting. My purpose is to spell out what I only half explained. As you know, I am persuaded that developments in Western Europe, scarcely understood in this country and given too little attention here, are rapidly transforming that part of the world and offer the United States opportunities it would do well to consider. There is now a good deal of talk about the challenge of the Common Market, and even some advance preparation for the economic challenge it may pose. This, however, as you know, is only a small part of the problem. Europe is in "full revolution," economically, socially, intellectually, and politically. Our own attention, so riveted on other parts of the world where we imagine more consequential things to be happening, is scarcely attracted by these steady but "silent" changes. For those who know Europe well, however, these developments come as the fulfillment of hopes which would have seemed utopian a decade ago.

We all know that the United States, immediately after the end of the war, pressed unity on its European allies. Every move, from the Schumann plan to the Monnet proposals, which promised greater economic cooperation between the West European states, received support from the American government. One wonders, however, whether many in the United States or in Europe saw the likely consequences of these various experiments, so modestly begun and so little advertised. Certainly the "man in the street" at home and abroad was not overwhelmed by the promise of various technical plans for greater economic cooperation.

Only now, when these are beginning to show tangible results, does the band wagon seem to be rolling. Everyone agrees that the promise is enormous, and Eric Johnston, writing in the *New York Times Magazine* about the Common Market, says: "If we /The Americans/ fail to

Mr. Gardner

-2-

5 December 1961

join, the Common Market will become an economic threat; our jobs, our
wages, our security, our future are at stake." What an extraordinary
statement to make! Can you imagine any American business leader in
1950 suggesting that the future of the American economy might be fun-
damentally affected by whether or not we joined a European trading
group? Things are obviously moving fast, you will say, and Americans
are not slow in seeing where they are going. On the first point, I
would agree; on the second, I would disagree. Let me explain why.

Of one thing I am certain. There is a New Europe in the
making. We may congratulate ourselves by saying, "We wanted it,"
or calm ourselves by saying, "It will be in our interest," or praise
ourselves by saying, "It will be rather like what we are; Europe is
simply catching up with America." There is some truth in all those
statements, but each is misleading. The first suggests that we proph-
esied what is now happening and that we have some notion of where this
is all leading. The second suggests that Europe, rich, independent,
and active, will continue to be our ally in the old sense, or in some
new sense which will be even more advantageous to us. The third mis-
takes the construction of supermarkets and a rising highway mortality
rate for Americanisation. There is something about the American which
makes him anxious to believe that the whole world will soon resemble
him, and that Europe is simply in the vanguard in this respect.

Americans live with simple and outmoded caricatures about
Europe. These are deeply embedded in our consciousness, the result
of our own immigrant past and of experience in two world wards Europe
is supposed to be backward, class-ridden, corrupt, traditional, na-
tionalist, and always in need of help from the outside. We cannot
avoid a feeling of superiority, recalling all that we have done in
the last half century to "save" the Old World. In this respect we
are rather like the conventional Englishman in Macaulay's day; if
nineteenth-century Leeds was a waste land, with an ugliness almost
passing belief, it went without saying that fourteenth-century London
was five centuries more filthy, with all the nineteenth-century in-
conveniences and a hundred others even more terrible. We are inca-
pable of admitting that European railroads not only run on time but
with a rapidity which makes our own seem model-A in construction and
performance. Public housing in England is so superior to what the
City of New York is capable of doing that we prefer to dwell on the
wage difference between the American worker and his British counter-
part. In short, we like to believe that opportunities here for all
classes are superior to what is available in Western Europe. This
is an opinion which deserves to be examined dispassionately and with
precise statistical data.

More than that, we need to ask whether Europe, which is
supposed to be so set in its ways, is not demonstrating today a ca-
pacity for innovation which is in marked contrast to our more limited
achievement. I should like to know more about engineering design--

Mr. Gardner

-3-

5 December 1961

as automobiles, airplanes, ships, and a dozen other major industries. How are we to account for the advances which have taken place in Western Europe? Are their research facilities superior to our own, is their industrial structure in some significant way different from ours, or what is the explanation for their rapid progress? My question may seem to imply that I believe the European product is superior. Perhaps it would be well if that question were left open. Let us simply inquire into what has happened in the last decade and seek to explain it.

The fact that French governments seem as unstable as they ever were encourages the belief that, economic change notwithstanding, political Europe is unchanged. This as you know, is a mistake. The significance lies not only in the instability of French governments but also in a new phenomenon like the Franco-German rapprochement. Who in 1945 would have predicted this development? What importance can it have for us and the world?

The bourgeoisie of Simone de Beauvoir's childhood is as extinct as the peasantry of 1939--all of this achieved without civil war or revolution. Look at a photograph of the English working-class at some sports event and say whether there is much resemblance to what we see in a photograph of the 1920's or 1930's. Every cliché about the Italy under Mussolini is brought into question by what is happening in that country today. One could go on and multiply these examples almost indefinitely.

A new pattern of life is developing in the Old World. It would be well for Americans to learn about it, not so that we might imitate (although that possibility ought not to be excluded), but so that we might understand and see how various are the potentialities for change in the world. We aspire to enter into relations with the black African, which is a worthy ambition. We ought not, however, to ignore the white European. Revolutions do not always occur where the noise is loud and the propaganda thick. Americans, if instructed in what is happening in Western Europe today, would be fascinated by what they discovered. The civilization from which America itself emerged is passing through a social upheaval and it behooves us to pay some attention to it.

As I suggested in my conversation with you, for many Europeans--intellectuals as well as businessmen--the United States is becoming almost irrelevant. Our affairs do not interest them, and, as their confidence grows, their concern with us diminishes. This, I think, is an exceedingly dangerous development. No one thinks today of prophesying the future, but we must not imagine that our only problem tomorrow will be with the Soviet Union, or, more remotely, with China. We may face very serious situations precisely because we have not taken sufficient care to keep our European friends' confidence, interest, and respect. I believe that DEDALUS would be performing an enormously important function if it could help to clarify the situation, leading our readers to a greater awareness of what Europe is doing, thinking, and saying at this moment, and not only about ourselves.

[1c]

Mr. Gardner

-4-

5 December 1961

I envisage, therefore, a major special issue, entitled "The New Europe." This would be an attempt to estimate the character of European society as it appears today. If at all possible, it would concentrate on those aspects of European life which are too little known here. I would hope that our contributors would be both European and American. I know from conversations in France that men like Professor Raymond Aron, General Pierre Gallois, M. Jules Moch, M. Bertrand de Jouvenel, and many others would be interested in participating in such a symposium. I would expect that equally distinguished contributors could be found in Great Britain, Germany, and some of the smaller countries. On this side of the water, I am absolutely certain that people as diverse as Henry Kissinger, Henri Fayre, and Gerald Holton would all be stimulated to help with the project.

I should like this issue to receive the sort of attention that we achieved with *Arms Control*. Ideally, I would like to see a conference of American and European scholars concerned with the contemporary world that would meet in Paris or Boston for a discussion of prepared papers, prior to publication in *MEDALUS*. Frankly, I see all this as part of a conscious effort by the United States to renew European interest in ourselves by demonstrating our interest in their present life and thought. We must get away from the clichés which continue to prevent us from understanding what is happening abroad. The future is not likely to be one happy world, with us, Europe, and the Soviet Union all living harmoniously together. Tensions of one sort or another will persist and probably intensify. It would be well for us to "reinsure" ourselves with our European friends, not by making greater demands on them for military contributions to NATO, but by diminishing suspicions among all and by increasing mutual respect. If this alliance does not hold together, the hazards are enormous.

I am persuaded that *MEDALUS* can do a great deal in this matter. As you know, our audience is close to 20,000, and what makes it significant is its composition even more than its number. We were recently told that the *Arms Control* issue deserves to be counted as one of the major influences in helping to bring about the establishment of the United States Disarmament Agency. Bringing the proposed issue before key people at home and abroad would obviously be one of our principal purposes. Recalling your description of the Carnegie Corporation's interest in Latin American-United States intellectual encounters, I feel that this project fits very naturally into developments which are already under way. I would hope that if you and your associates think well of this proposal, you would consider making a grant of the order of magnitude of last year's Evolution conferences. This would be used to cover honoraria, travel expenses, and special publication costs. We would expect this issue to be printed in such number as to make it available to all policy-makers, both at home and abroad.

I would be enormously grateful for any help and counsel that you can offer. I need not say to you how much I think this

CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK

589 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 17, N.Y.

JOHN W. GARDNER
President

December 11, 1961

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
Associate Director
Harvard University
Center for International
Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Henry:

I heartily agree that we should continue to get together from time to time. Caryl is leaving for Japan tomorrow so I think perhaps we'd better hold off until his return. I have been away almost continuously for the past two weeks.

I understand that you are about to take off for Pakistan. When will you be back?

Congratulations on your latest arrival. Aida joins me in best wishes to Ann.

JWG:adg

DÆDALUS

### EDITORIAL OFFICE

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

### SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences
280 Newton Street, Brookline Station
Boston 46, Massachusetts

Please address your reply to:

Editorial Office

11 May 1962

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
6 Divinity Avenue
Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Henry,

I have now read much more carefully your paper, and I want to repeat that I think it is excellent. It is certainly the most complete brief critique of our present position that I have seen anywhere, and I think it will make a great impression when it is published. It is sufficiently good so that I would even consider publishing it in *DAEDALUS*. Is it possible to say anything more? Now for criticism.

1. I continue to feel that you have not adequately explained what American policy on the NATO powers fulfilling their conventional-arms commitment is. You do not explain why we are now insisting on this point, or why we have done so since the time of the Oslo meetings. In short, I think you must give some explanation of the political and military opinions that lead us to make these requests.

2. Europeans' misgivings about this plan are not adequately explained. My own guess is that there is much resistance to it, not only because of its military implications but also because it leaves Europe more doubtful than ever that we will view a particular crisis in the same way that they do. We must, in this connection, realize that on practically every fundamental political issue that has arisen in the last three years, our European allies and the United States have seen the matter differently. Given this situation, is it not reasonable that they should think that on a military threat our opinion would not coincide with theirs?

3. You suggest that the establishment by our allies of an independent strategic nuclear force would create for them all the problems we presently have, but in a more acute form. I think this opinion is based on the thought that a man like De Gaulle, confronted with a serious military threat, would react to it as Mr. Kennedy might. This is by no means certain. If De Gaulle has an effective independent strategic capability (with an adequate delivery system),

Mr. Kissinger

-2-

11 May 1962

might he not take the attitude which Gallois so much favors; namely, saying that if an attack is launched, he will respond with nuclear force, and make the enemy realize the great danger it runs? You can say, of course, that were he to do so France would be entirely destroyed and that the United States would do nothing, but I am not sure that this is the way De Gaulle would see the problem. My own thought is that his attitude would be much more like what ours was in 1958 than what it is in 1962, despite the fact of all that missiles have done to make France's vulnerability so infinitely greater. What I may be asking here is for more explanation of the material on I-8. Perhaps I do not see what you imply here.

4. I think the most extraordinary part of the whole paper is Section 3. I think your criticism of the Gilpatric position is excellent. More than that, I feel that you have shown the explicit ways in which the problems of escalation might present themselves, and you have indicated why we could conceivably fall between several stools. Incidentally, I think your discussion of the veto, which in some way seems to be a digression, is most useful. Again, it explains the European attitude in a way that Americans rarely hear it.

5. Sad as it may seem, your conclusions do not have quite the force that your exposition has. Perhaps what I really wish is that you could either expand this section, or even better, reduce it to a few principles or questions which ought to be dominating our thinking today. I have a feeling that the climax of your article does not have the punch that it deserves.

Having said all this, I would say again that this is awfully good. I learned a great deal.

Sincerely,

SRG:dm

173 BOULEVARD ST-GERMAIN PARIS VI
LITTRÉ 88-50

July 3, 1962

Dear Henry,

This is to repeat what I know you are already aware of -- your performance at the Hague was really quite remarkable. I don't feel that the speech was as effective as you might have wished it to be, but it was so obvious from the manner of your delivery and from its content that this was not just the old official blah-blah that your audience responded in the only way that it could, with frank and direct questions. I was moved by the whole evening, and I can only say that I wish I had some confidence that it happened as frequently as it should. I need not add that I think the honor shown you is almost unique in our world for a purely private citizen. So, please accept again my renewed thanks for asking that I be invited. I doubt that even your magnificent descriptions of events would have rendered it for me had I not been able to attend.

As you know I moved on from the Hague to Brussels, and I found there a world which I was not entirely prepared for. Belgium itself is rather dull, with something of the quality of provincial France as it may have been in the year 1910. What is remarkable, however, is the quality of the persons attached to the supranational bodies in Brussels (Euratom quite as much as the Common Market). I went through two solid days of interviews, and several of them were of such interest that I overstayed almost every time, in the end missing the last plane back to Paris. Most of the people I met are very young, that is, our age; almost all are in key positions. Without speaking in grandiloquent or utopian terms, they are all people who are trying desperately to see something realized which they believe will change their countries fundamentally. C.P. Snow is always talking about scientists "having the future in their bones". This is not an impression I have of the scientists I know best. I did have that impression, however, of the people whom I met in Brussels. Fernand Spaak, Spaak's son, was one of the group whom I liked best. The French are among the best I have seen in this what is now becoming a considerable French experience. I am really very excited by this experience. I am confident that several of these people will figure in the New Europe inquiry.

The more that I think about the coming Daedalus issue the more I feel that it must have a contribution from your pen. I hope (in fact, I shall pray before various Roman altars; all pagan) that this coming week-end will be a profitable one for you. I have asked Geno Ballotti to phone you early in the next week to find out whether we can expect something at some reasonably early date. I am more than willing to delay the issue some days if necessary in order to get a contribution from you. At the same time, I know only too well that one cannot write "on command". I will only say therefore that I mean it when I repeat my request. Your name should be in this issue, and your contribution is most earnestly solicited. My Hague experience makes me feel that even more than I did when I first pressed you in Paris. A friend's as well as an editor's pride is involved. So, write well.

bride is involved. So, write well.

than I did when I first pressed you in Beria. A friend's so well as an editor's
is most earnestly solicited. My Hsene experience makes me feel that even more
rebet my redneat. Your name should be in this issue, and your contribution
one cannot write "on command." I will only say therefore that I mean it when I
der to get a contribution from you. At the same time, I know only too well that
date. I am more than willing to delay the issue some days if necessary in or-
next week to find out whether we can expect something at some reasonably early
time one for you. I have asked Geno Ballotti to phone you early in the
fore various Roman states; all baden) that this coming week-end will be a bro-
iture what have a contribution from your ben. I hope (in fact, I shall brev pe-
the more that I think about the coming Dsedsue issue the more I feel that
will figure in the New Eurobe industry.

cited XXXX by this experience. I am confident that several of these people
what is now becoming a considerable XXXX experience. I am resolutely ex-
how I liked beat. The French are among the best I have seen in XXXXXXXXXXX
now I met in Brussela. Fernand Bask, Bask's son, was one of the drom
scientists I know best. I did have that impression, however, of the people
"having the future in their bones." This is not an impression I have of the
their countries fundamentally. C. P. Snow is always talking about scientists
and deliberately to see something realized which they believe will change
absence in disundiloment or utopian terms, they are all people who are fru-
XXXXXXX found, that is, our age; almost all are in key positions. Without
the end mising the last plane back to Beria. Most of the people I met are
eral of them were of such interest that I overestimated almost every time, in
the Common Market). I went through two solid days of interviews, and sev-
attached to the abstransitional podiea in Brussela (Ennstom quite so much as
the year 1910. What is remarkable, however, is the duality of the persona
with something of the duality of provincial France so it may have been in
world which I was not entirely prepared for. Belgium itself is rather dull,
As you know I moved on from the Hsene to Brussela, and I found there a
had I not been able to attend.

even your magnificent descriptions of events would have rendered it for me
ceptainly my renewed thanks for sending that I be invited. I don't doubt that
it almost anyone in our world for a purely private citizen. So, please ac-
tainfully as it should. I need not add that I think the honor shown you
and I can only say that I wish I had some confidence that it happened so
could, with frank and direct questions. I was moved by the whole evening,
oth official fish-fish that your audience rebounded in the only way that it
the manner of your delivery and from its content that this was not just the
as effective as you might have wished it to be, but it was so obvious from
of the Hsene was really quite remarkable. I don't feel that the speech was
This is to repeat what I know you are already aware of -- your behaviorance

Dear Henry,

July 3, 1925

FILTRÉ 88-20

133 BOUTLEARD 21-GERMAINE PARIS 1

[let]

Tomorrow I leave for Rome, and from there I may go for a week-end to a quiet place where I can reflect on a month which has been filled with too many happenings. I shall be in Germany before the middle of the month, and it at all possible also in England. In any case, in my next letter, I would like to mention additional names for the Planning Committee, and I would like your frank comment on these. The meeting ought to take place the first weekend in October, and I hope to see the Villa Serbelloni (sp) before the end of the month to see if it will be suitable. I had a letter on my return here inviting me to come down.

What were the Bad Godesburg meetings like? Did you meet anyone there who ought to be considered for the Planning Committee? Names, names, they are always desired.

I now run for the 3rd interview of the day. I had a most interesting hour and a half with Louis Armand early this morning, then some time with Francois Goguel. Now x I go to see Grosser. The New Europe is a growing infant, and I wish that I had no responsibility except to look after it. Unfortunately, other things also require time.

It was good to see you here, even for so short a time. My love, please to Ann, and of course, to Mrs. Norris.

Ever,

Ever,

to Ann, and of course, to Mrs. Morris.

I wish that I had no responsibility except to look after it. Unfortunately, Gabriel. Now I do to see Grosser. The New Europe is a growing infant, and she half with Louisa Armand early this morning, then some time with Francesca. I now run for the 3rd interview of the day. I had a most interesting hour

always desired.

ought to be considered for the Planning Committee? Names, names, they are what were the Bad Codeburg meetings like? Did you meet anyone there who

visiting me to come down.

the month to see if it will be suitable. I had a letter on my return here in-
end in October, and I hope to see the Villas Serpelloni (sb) before the end of
your frank comment on these. The meeting ought to take place the first week-
like to mention additional names for the Planning Committee, and I would like
it at all possible also in England. In any case, in my next letter, I would
many happenings. I should be in Germany before the middle of the month, and
d quiet place where I can reflect on a month which has been filled with too
tomorrow I leave for Rome, and from there I may go for a week-end to a

FITTRE 88-20
133 BOURLEVARD ST-GERMAIN PARIS 1

July 19, 1962

Mr. Stephen Graubard
Centre Universitaire International
173 Boulevard St. Germain
Paris VI, France

Dear Steve:

Many thanks for your letter of July 3rd. Ever
since returning from Europe, my life has been extremely hectic, and,
unhappily, this has made it impossible for me to work seriously on
the article for *Daedalus*. The Seminar always takes more time than
I think at first, and, also, the reception to my last article has
absorbed so much of my energy that I have not been able to concentrate
on another one. The latter leads to some melancholy reflections
about the McCarthyism of the intellectuals.

The Bad Gudesberg meeting was almost unrelieved
discomfort for me. First of all, we were assigned to sub-groups
rather than given an opportunity to pick our own group, and mine
was extremely dull. Second, most of my friends from the Defense
Department spent all their time running around telling others what
was wrong with my Foreign Affairs article and disavowing me in
general.

I hope your stay is continuing to be fruitful,
and want to thank you again for giving the dinner for me and also
for taking me to the Daudy's.

Warm regards.

Henry V. Klaasen

Warm regards,

Waxm regege.

for taking me to the Dunch's.
and want to thank you again for giving the dinner for me and also
I hope your stay is continuing to be fruitful.

General.
was wrong with my foreign Affairs article and dissolving me in
Department about all their time running around refiling others what
was extremely dull. Second, most of my triente from the Defense
rather than given an opportunity to pick one of our groups, and nine
discomfort for me. First of all, we were assigned to sap-groups
The Bad Codeberg meeting was almost unrelieved

about the McCarthyism of the intellectuals.
on another one. The latter leads to some melanekely reflections
applied so much of my energy that I have not been able to concentrate
I think at first, and, also, the reception to my last article has
the article for _Dundees_. The Seminar always takes more time than
unably, this has made it impossible for me to work seriously on
since returning from Europe, my little has been extremely poetic, and,
Many thanks for your letter of July 3rd. Much

Dear Steve:

Karla VI. France
113 Boulevard St. Germain
Centre Universitaire International
Mr. Stephen Grunberg

July 19, 1963

July 18, 1962

My dear Henry and Ann,

I need scarcely describe to either of you the advantages of travel. I have just returned from 12 days in Italy, and I must say that it seems as if I have been away for some months. I cannot tell in a letter, however long, even half of what I heard and saw. Suffice it to say that there as everywhere one realizes again how complicated the world is, and how insufficient are the mass media in their feeble efforts to describe it. I saw a great many of our common friends (Desideria, Elena Croce, Ubbani, Brioschi, for a few minutes, quite accidentally, in Milan) and also many many people whose names you will not know, but whom you would enjoy meeting. As always, Italian friends made heroic efforts to arrange appointments in a Roman world which in the summer is not exactly "en place". There were a remarkable number of successes, and only one or two near misses. Elena Croce gave a party to which she invited Lamalfa, the Minister of Finance, but the electricity bill has made him very "nervous" and he did not show. Also, I should much have liked to see Saraceno, and various friends worked on that, but he too is involved in "electricity," and his University of Venice duties kept him away from Rome most of the time that I was there. Otherwise, I met all sorts of greats, including almost the whole of the permanent senior staff of the Foreign Office, scores of people in Olivetti, E.N.I., SVIMEZ, and such interesting men as Malagodi who remembers you from a conference, Silone, Chiramonte (who has been very ill and looks terribly), and so many others in Florence, Bologna and Milan that this could become a recital of names.

Since the world must live on generalisations, I will offer the following for you to consider: First, Italy is changing so rapidly that even the young and the adventurous wonder where it is going; second, in many places, youngish people are beginning to take over; they are infinitely superior to their elders; third, sensitive Italians are not overwhelmed by their Wirtschaftswunder; they are genuinely worried about what it is leading to. Fourth, criticism abounds on every sort of topic; there is no agreement about new architecture, or about how Italy fits into Europe. Fifth, for the first time in this century Italians of great quality are entering on social scientific inquiry; by comparison, I found those engaged in the arts relatively unimpressive. Sixth, Paris remains Italy's cultural model, and what happens here is known immediately there. By comparison, interest in Germany, England or the United States is considerably smaller. Finally, and most important, those who are bright realize that it is "touch and go" as to whether we enter in the next months on a period of remarkable expansion (and not only in the economic sense) or whether much of the present public optimism disintegrates. The Italians are not persuaded that the West is about to live happily ever after, and skyscrapers, autos, and summer holidays do not lead them to forget to ask more fundamental questions about the society which they live in. Needless to say, I am speaking about people who are particularly intelligent, mostly of our generation, whose names will not be known to you (Albonetti, Novacco, Napoléoni, Saffi, Ruffolo, etc. etc.) All of these hold very responsible posts; more than that, their own success does not make them confuse their situation with that of their country or the West.

My time in Italy was so exciting that even a near-catastrophic end
does not distort my memory of it. On Saturday, I was being driven with two
British scientists from Milan to the Villa Serbelloni, when a car coming from
the opposite direction swerved into our path. There was an awful crash, and
only the extraordinary capacity of our driver saved us from real harm. We
went over the side of the road, but stayed upright. I was sitting in front,
and suffered very slight knee injuries and a small scalp wound. The others
were unscratched. All of this kept me at the Villa all day longer than I had
planned, made me reflect again on how curious are the hazards of decision (I
had almost gone instead to spend the week-end with friends outside Perugia;
only a sense of duty made me decide to forego that in favor of Serbelloni).
I mention the incident only because you will hear about it from others; the
world is very tiny. At the Villa during the time I was there were: Sir Ham-
ilton and Lady Gibb, Pierre Uri, Arnold Bergstraesser (who exactly is he??)
and others known to you.

The Villa, incidentally, is certainly one of the most extraordinarily beautiful places I have ever visited. I cannot over-praise its qualities. It is superbly run, and ideally suited to conferences. This brings me to the New Europe effort. If we are to have a conference there in the early autumn, invitations must go out almost immediately (in fact, at once). We have talked vaguely about the first week-end in October. The Villa is sufficiently distant from Milan so that I feel we must plan on an arrival day, a departure day, and the Saturday and Sunday for actual discussions. To do anything less would be to crowd the schedule hopelessly. If we plan something much later in the fall, we risk bad weather, and more than that, I gather that the Villa can become rather cold after November. So, if it is to be Serbelloni (which must be applied for), I suspect it should be then. This raises a second somewhat more difficult question. Who shall be asked? There are no lack of names, but one of the things I now see is that even more than in the U.S., in Europe, feelings run high about certain people, and if we ask certain ones, others will not come. Thus, for example, in France, both Louis Armand and Pierre Uri have their friends, but also their detractors. In Italy, both Saraceno and Rossi Doria are so eminent as to be virtually invulnerable, but I am told on very good authority that the first may accept and send us a wire on the eve of the conference saying he cannot come. How many people of our own age ought to be asked? Many of them are superb, and would contribute more than their elders, but again, it does not always help to ask them to a small conference where they may feel too much dominated by their superiors. Getting a dozen names is easy; getting a dozen acceptances more difficult; getting a good conference going, as I have seen, watching Uri try with the Atlantic Institute's effort on "Aid to Education in Less-Developed Countries" is the hardest thing. Your thoughts on all of this, by quick mail, would be most appreciated. I am almost certainly going to be in Germany much of next week, but I wait your letter with much interest.

Finally, I have no news about whether you are in fact going to be
able to write for the Daedalus issue. As you know, I continue to hope that
you will. In fact, I shall be terribly disappointed if it develops that you
cannot. Let me have word soon, and may it be yes!!

July 25, 1962

Dear Steve:

Thank you for your letter of July 18th. I was distressed to hear about your accident, although I must say that anyone giving up a chance to go to Perugia deserves almost anything that happens to him--short of an accident. Your description of Italy made me regret my summer at Harvard even more.

As for the conference, my thought would be to hold it fairly early in the fall. The environment does make some difference, and the weather is likely to turn bad after the middle of October. My suggestion, if the conference is to be at the Villa Serbelloni, would be to plan on three days: that is, to arrive Thursday evening and disband sometime Sunday afternoon.

My preference has always been for a reasonably small meeting with no more than twenty present. As to the people to be asked, I think Aron, for all the fact that he is better known outside France than inside it, should be asked. I would also like to see Eric Weil. I would not mind a few younger people. If I have not already told you, you should definitely see Weissacker in Germany. He can be reached at the University of Hamburg, and I think he should be asked to the conference.

I think at each session someone should be responsible for leading off the discussion with a talk of about half an hour on some aspect. Perhaps it would be best to divide the sessions into major areas along the lines of our discussion in Cambridge.

Also, I think invitations will have to go out no later than early August if you want respectable attendance. You will also have to think about getting people met in Milan and bringing them back to the Villa.

I will write you again if anything else occurs to me.

Kind regards as always.

Henry V. Kieinger

Kieinger regebt se always.

I will write you again it anything else occurs to me.

Allas.

I think about getting people met in Milan and bringing them back to the

Vice. I think invitations will have to be sent no later than early

Perhabe it would be best to divide the sessions into major areas

I think at each session someone should be responsible for feeding

the conference.

Jon. You should definitely see Weisacker in Germany. He can be

I would not mind a few longer people. If I have not already told

inside it, should be asked. I would also like to see Eric Well.

Ron, for all the fact that he is better known outside France than

dipand someime Sunday afternoon.

be to plan on these days: that is, to arrive Thursday evening and

agreement, if the conference is to be at the Alltisssappeilom, would

the weather is likely to turn bad after the middle of October. Ma

As for the conference, my thought would be to hold it early

up a chance to go to Bernigia deserves almost anything that happens

Dear Steve:

Barte Al. Kneze
113 Boulevard St. Germain
Centre Universitaire International
Mr. Stephen Grunberg

July 22, 1963

Aug. 3, 1962

My dear Henry and Ann,

The village is deserted, but it remains Paris -- in short, it is a-
greeable even in its present form. Actually, I am getting a great deal of
work done, and after too much social life and too much travel, this may be
precisely what I ought to be doing now.

Forgive a brief note, but I wanted to answer yours of this morning,
Henry, and say that there is not now, and there never was previously any in-
tention of adding Bowie to the list of invitees either to the Planning Com-
mittee or to a conference. I am genuinely sorry about your difficulties.
What is one to say about them except that they confirm what one always ex-
pected? We love to talk, but we do not like to debate. Sometimes, I am not
even so certain about the former.

I returned from Germany and a week-end in Austria feeling that the
Rhine ought to be my Eastern frontier. Intellectually, but even more aesthet-
ically, I am not at home in that rude world. I use the word "rude" in its
less common sense. Even a brilliant tea at Bad Fuschl (the Schloss no less)
is somehow all off. It lacks lightness.

Well, I must not now go off on that theme. Will you be going to Londen for the Pugwash meetings? My return to the U.S. is scheduled for the first week in September, but I may postpone that if I can arrange certain interviews in the north of Italy, and combine it with 2 days chez Hélène on the Cote d'Azur.

Please take care of yourselves, and do not let Cambridge climate
affect you too much.

Ever,

["Ever,\n\nF. A. K.", "属你 too much.", "Please take care of your母e, and do not let Cambridge climate", "Cote d'Amer.\n\nafers in the north of Italy, and compine it with 3 daysเช ข ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี ขี

LJ

Draft of proposed letter to Jim Perkins and (?) other members of Planning Committee

Dear __________,

Two months in Europe have given me the opportunity to consult with scores of people about the Daedalus New Europe project. In France, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Holland, I have met with many who are concerned with the subjects which we intend to treat. My purpose has been to secure their reactions to our tentative plans, to inform myself on others in Europe who are working on comparable themes, and to elicit recommendations for additional subjects that we might be well advised to treat. If I can generalize about hundreds of conversations and endless hours of talk, I would say that there is enormous enthusiasm for our project and no lack of willingness to help with it. More than that, I have been gratified by the suggestion, constantly repeated, that such a study will benefit not only the United States but each of the West European countries. The precise information that exists in France about Italy or in Germany about England is less than one would imagine. Even in Brussels, where the Common Market community is remarkable for its intelligence and knowledge, there was general agreement that a study along the lines we propose would fill many gaps and provide an intellectual stimulus of the greatest importance. Popular accounts occasionally exist on certain of the themes which interest us; scholarly studies are more difficult to come by. The need for an Inter-European study presently analysis is still very uncommon. Political scientists and sociologists everywhere remarked on the absence of adequate comparative studies of parliamentary institutions, social class, religion, etc. Many urged that we commission monographs on particular situations in individual countries, and that we use the conferences and the issue of Daedalus as a way of informing each about the other. On parliamentary institutions, for example, men as diverse as Raymond Aron, Francois Goguel, Alfred Grosser, Arnold Bergsträsser and Giovanni Malagodi all agree that what is needed is a series of first-rate studies of the situations in individual European countries, and that an attempt at synthesis be made only after these exist.

I have been pleased by the number of well-known authorities who have expressed their interest in our effort, and by the help they have given me in leading me to others who are working on problems rather close to our own. In France and Italy, to a remarkable extent, and in Germany, somewhat less because of the difficulty of finding people late in July, I have met many who are prepared to help me write for us. I shall not be travelling much in August, when all Europe is on vacation, but I intend to resume my talks in whatever time I have in September.

I have kept in mind these last weeks a rough schedule of when we intended to accomplish particular things. As you know, we had considered a meeting in Europe early in the autumn, when the Planning Committee would gather with a small group of Europeans to discuss the various topics. In talking and writing to various people, I have come to realize increasingly the difficulties of an early October date. Raymond Aron, for example, who is enormously interested in the project, is now in Canada, will be back next week, returns to the United States in September, and will probably be in Brazil later that month. He told

[w]

me recently that while he would very much wish to come to a meeting in October, he doubted that he could leave Paris at that time. Other European professors have explained that October is the last month of their summer recess and that they are already committed to conferences, work or vacation plans for that period. They have urged a somewhat later meeting. In writing and speaking to certain of our European American members, I have found a similar preference for a later meeting. If we agree on a November or early December date in some major European capital, it is possible that uncertain weather will not play too great havoc with our plans. However, these are obviously not ideal conference months. If we do not meet till January we risk losing some of the undoubted interest which has been generated.

To avoid the possibility of the latter, a proposed proposal has been made that we proceed to commission papers immediately on at least a few of the new topics, and that we plan to meet in a major major conference early in the spring. I visited the Villa Serbelloni when I was in Italy, and I would think that it would be an admirable site for a conference the first week in April. If we could arrange to invite the Planning Committee, authors, and a selected number of senior European and American scholars to such a meeting in the spring, I am confident that the results would be impressive. The agenda could be a discussion of the first drafts of the proposed papers.

Which of these alternatives appeals to you? I am prepared to arrange whatever seems most promising and whatever serves to maintain the interest which undoubtedly exists here. Let me know your thoughts.

Dear Henry:

Could you return this quickly with recommendations for deletions, expansions, changes? Also, should it go to all? Many thanks. My love to Ann. Stephanie

Dear Henry:

S.R.C.

Sincerely,

which of these alternatives abate to you? I am prepared to arrange
be a discussion of the first drafts of the xx prepared papers.

I am confident that the results would be impressive. The agenda conf-
lected number of senior European and American papers to such a meeting in the
April. If we could xxxxxx invite the Planning Committee, authors, and a se-
think that it would be an admirable site for a conference the first week in
the spring. I attended the Villes Serpentine when I was in Italy, and I would
make that we proceed to commissariat papers immediately on receipt a few of the
To avoid the possibility of the latter, a xxxxxx proposal has been
interest which has been generated.

If we do not meet till January we risk losing some of the undoubted
great chance with our plans. However, these are optionally not ideal conference
major European capitals, it is possible that uncertain weather will not play too
a later meeting. If we agree on a November or early December date in some
certain of our xxxxxx American members, I have found a similar preference for
it. They have asked a somewhat later meeting. In writing and asking to
they are already committed to conferences, work on vacation plans for that be-
have explained that October is the last month of their summer recess and that
he consented that he could leave Paris at that time. Other European professors
me recently that while he would very much wish to come to a meeting in October,

FILLTR 88-20

133 BOLLEVAARD ST-GERMAINS PARIS 1

[n]

Aug. 14, 1962

My dear Henry and Ann,

Please forgive a brief note. I am in the midst of entertaining
my brother and sister-in-law, and that somewhat complicates my existence. Many
thanks for your comment on my New Europe letter. I had already re-worked it
(before your own arrived) to omit certain of the options. If you think a Novem-
ber meeting would make good sense, and if others do, and indicate that they will
in fact come, I shall be more than ready to see that option acted on. The pros-
pect of *returning here in the late fall is not one which in any way depresses
me. I think that decisions must be made by Sept. 4 on the basis of answers that
I receive from the group.

I am delighted with the prospect of your being here soon. While
I do not believe that I will be in Paris throughout your stay, I shall certainly
be here some of the time, so do let me know at the earliest when you arrive,
where you plan to stay, etc. etc. I take it you will be attending the Pugwash
colloque.

Paris, as you know, is very quiet in August. Since this sum-
mer has been terribly hectic, with too much travel, I am delighted to stay put,
going to the Moulin for week-ends, and living very quietly the rest of the time.
I am only sorry about one thing; that September threatens so imminently. It will
be wonderful to see you here, Henry, and I hope that we can have one quiet meal
together. There is much that I will wish to hear, and also some few things that
I will want to tell. Distance gives perspective.

I must now go out to do the honors of the family. So, forgive
the brevity of this. I hope that you are well, Ann, and that the summer has
not been at all trying.

Ever,

Ever,

not been at all trying.

the prettiness of this. I hope that you are well, Ann, and that the summer has

I must now go out to do the honors of the family. So, forlorn

together. There is much that I will wish to hear, and also some few things that
be wonderful to see you here, Henry, and I hope that we can have one quiet meal
I am only sorry to hear that September threatens so imminently. It will
going to the Moulin for week-ends, and living very quietly the rest of the time.
mer has been terribly hectic, with too much travel. I am delighted to stay but,

Paris, as you know, is very quiet in August. Since this am-
colloidne.

where you plan to stay, etc. etc. I take it you will be attending the Pugwash
be here some of the time, so do let me know at the earliest when you arrive,
I do not believe that I will be in Paris throughout your stay. I shall certainly

I am delighted with the prospect of your being here soon. While
I receive from the dragnet.

me. I think that decisions must be made by Sept. 4 on the basis of sn owere that
pect of returning here in the late fall is not one which in any way depresses
in fact come, I shall be more than ready to see that option acted on. The proa-
per meeting would make good sense, and if others do, and indicate that they will
(pre before your own arrival) to omit certain of the options. If you think a Novem-
thanks for your comment on my New Europe letter. I had already re-worked it
my brother and sister-in-law, and that somewhat complicates my existence. Many
plessee forgive a brief note. I am in the midst of entertaining
My dear Henry and Ann,

And, 14, 1965

FILLTRØ 88-20

133 BOLTEAARD 21-GERMAIN PARIS 1

(c)

August 21, 1962

Dear Steve:

Thank you for your nice note of August 14th. My major suggestion about the new Europe issue was to have the meeting cancelled, if at all, through the responses of the Planning Committee, rather than by you own action. This you seem to have done. I am not dying myself to go to Europe in the late Fall, since I will have to go to a conference in Germany in the middle of November.

As for my trip to Europe, many people have suggested that I stay through-
out the Pugwash Conference. This may be a good idea anyway, because I have
really not had a chance to be in England for any sensible length of time.
It therefore appears that I will not be in Paris until the 10th. I will
stay as usual at the Pont Royal. Perhaps the best thing would be for you
to drop me a note at the New Harvey Block, Caius College, Cambridge, where
I will be from this Friday evening until the 30th, or afterwards c/o Wayland
Young, 100 Bayswater Road, London W.2. When will you be returning from
Paris?

Warm regards as always.

August 31, 1962

Stephen R. Graubard, Editor
Daedalus
38 Kirkland Street
Harvard University

Dear Steve:

I am sending you under separate
cover a copy of a diary I kept in
Brazil. Some of it is dated now, but
I thought that it might be of interest
to you. I would welcome any comments
you would like to make.

With kind regards.

Henry V. Klaasen

Sincerely yours,

With kind regards.

you would like to make.
to you. I would welcome any comments
I thought that it might be of interest
Brazil. Some of it is dated now, but
cover a copy of a diary I kept in
I am sending you under separate

Dear Steve:

Harvard University
38 Kirkland Street
Ded醒sline
Stephen R. Grunpardt, Editor

August 31, 1965