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1939 - Hail the greatest genius of mankind

Hail the greatest genius of mankind, teacher and leader, who leads us victiously to Communism, our own Stalin! (Stormy applause, turning into an ovation. All rise, there are shouts "Hurrah!," "Hail the great Stalin," "Comrade Stalin, hurrah!")

18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Russian edition, Moscow, 1939), p. 174.

1952 - Organizer of all our victories

Long live the wise leader of the Party and the people, the inspirer and organizer of all our victories, Comrade Stalin! (Stormy, prolonged applause, turning into an ovation. All rise.)

Speech to the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; *Pravda*, October 13, 1952.

1956 - Huge statue of Stalin built while people were living in huts

...Anyone who has visited the Stalingrad area must have seen the huge statue which is being built there, and that on a site which hardly any people frequent. Huge sums were spent to build it at a time when people of this area had lived since the war in huts. ...

Secret speech concerning the "Cult of the Individual," delivered at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, February 25, 1956. The text of this speech was not published in the Soviet press.

1957 - God grant that every Communist fight as Stalin fought

in the most important respect--for Marxist-Leninists the chief and the most important matter is the defense of the interests of the working class, of the cause of socialism and the struggle against the enemies of Marxism-Leninism--in this main and most important respect, as the saying goes, may God grant that every Communist will be able to fight as Stalin fought.

Speech at reception in Chinese People's Republic embassy; *Pravda*, January 19, 1957.

1957 - "Stalinists"

We have recently been accused in the West of being "Stalinists," "followers of Stalin." In reply to this we have already declared more than once that to our minds the term "Stalinist," like Stalin himself, is inseparable from the great title of Communist. When one speaks of the cause of the Revolution, the defense of the class interests of the proletariat in the revolutionary struggle against our class enemies, Stalin courageously and unyieldingly defended the cause of Marxism-Leninism.

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## 2. Purges

**1939 - Victory against opposition owed to Stalin**

Every Bolshevik, every worker, every citizen of our Soviet country must clearly realize that the successful and victorious destruction of Fascist agents--all those contemptible Trotskyites, Bukharinites and bourgeois nationalists is owed, first of all, personally to our leader, our great Stalin. (Loud ovation.)

18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Russian edition, Moscow, 1939), p. 170.

**1956 - Barbaric tortures**

It became apparent that many Party, Soviet and economic activists who were branded in 1937-1938 as "enemies" were actually never enemies, spies, wreckers, etc., but were always honest Communists; they were only so stigmatized, and often, no longer able to bear barbaric tortures, they charged themselves (at the order of the investigative judges--falsifiers) with all kinds of grave and unlikely crimes.

**1956 - Stalin approved NKVD lists**

The vicious practice was condoned of having the NKVD prepare lists of persons whose cases were under the jurisdiction of the Military Collegium and whose sentences were prepared in advance. Yezhov would send these lists to Stalin personally for his approval of the proposed punishment. In 1937-1938, 383 such lists containing the names of many thousands of Party, Soviet, Komsomol, Army and economic workers were sent to Stalin. He approved these lists.

**1956 - Kirov murder**

After the murder of Kirov, top functionaries of the Leningrad NKVD were given very light sentences, but in 1937 they were shot. We can assume that they were shot in order to cover the traces of the organizers of Kirov's killing.

**1956 - Seventy percent of Central Committee shot**

It was determined that of the 139 members and candidates of the Party's Central Committee who were elected at the XVIIth Congress, 98 persons, i.e., 70 percent, were arrested and shot (mostly in 1937-1938).

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1956 - Cases fabricated using cruel and inhuman tortures

Now when the cases of some of these so-called "spies" and "saboteurs" were examined it was found that all their cases were fabricated. Confessions of guilt of many arrested and charged with enemy activity were gained with the help of cruel and inhuman tortures.

1956 - Doctors' plot

Let us also recall the "Affair of the Doctor-Plotters." Actually there was no "Affair" outside of the declaration of the woman doctor Timashuk, who was probably influenced or ordered by someone (after all, she was an unofficial collaborator of the organs of state security) to write Stalin a letter in which she declared that doctors were applying supposedly improper methods of medical treatment.

Such a letter was sufficient for Stalin to reach an immediate conclusion that there were doctor-plotters in the Soviet Union. He issued orders to arrest a group of eminent Soviet medical specialists. He personally issued advice on the conduct of the investigation and the method of interrogation of the arrested persons. He said that the academician Vinogradov should be put in chains, another one should be beaten.

Stalin personally called the investigative judge, gave him instructions, advised him on which investigative methods should be used; these methods were simple-- beat, beat, and once again beat.

3. Wartime Role of

1946 - Our wise leader and military commander, Generalissimo Stalin

Comrades! The Soviet Union under the genius leadership of our wise leader and military commander Generalissimo Stalin (stormy applause, turning into an ovation. All rise, there are shouts: "Hail Stalin! [In Russian]," "Long life to our own father, Stalin! [In Ukrainian]!" ) not only defended its freedom and independence, but made the decisive contribution to the struggle of all the United Nations against the German-Fascist usurpers, and saved the nations and civilization of Europe and the whole world from Fascist enslavement.

Restore Agriculture in the Soviet Ukraine Faster, Speech at the Republican Conference of Leaders of Agriculture in the Ukraine, January 18, 1946
(Russian edition, Kiev, 1946), p. 5.

1946 - Organizer of victory

Hail the leader of our Party, the leader of our people, the organizer of victory-- our great Stalin! (All rise, stormy applause, turning into an ovation. Shouts of "Hurrah!", "Hail comrade Stalin!").

Restore Agriculture in the Soviet Ukraine Faster, Speech at the Republican Conference of Leaders of Agriculture in the Ukraine, January 18, 1946
(Russian edition, Kiev, 1946), p. 52.

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## 1956 - Annihilated commanders

Very grievous consequences, especially in reference to the beginning of the war, followed Stalin's annihilation of many military commanders and political workers during 1937-1941 because of his suspiciousness and through slanderous accusations. During these years repressions were instituted against certain parts of military cadres beginning literally at the company and battalion commander level and extending to the higher military centers; during this time the cadre of leaders who had gained military experience in Spain and in the Far East was almost completely liquidated.

## 1956 - Stalin's nervousness and hysteria damaged the army

Even after the war began, the nervousness and hysteria which Stalin demonstrated, interfering with actual military operations, caused our army serious damage.

## 1956 - Claimed credit for victory

All the more shameful was the fact that after our great victory over the enemy which cost us so much, Stalin began to downgrade many of the commanders who contributed so much to the victory over the enemy, because Stalin excluded every possibility that services rendered at the front should be credited to anyone but himself.

# 4. The Ukraine

## 1939 - Stalin in fight against opposition

The vigilance of Ukrainian workers and peasants has increased. We will constantly raise this quality and kill like cockroaches any abominable creatures which foreign intelligence services may send to our Ukrainian land. The Ukrainian people, having destroyed enemies and traitors, has rallied even more tightly around the Bolshevik Party and our great Stalin.

## 1949 - Indebted to Stalin for successes

For all these successes the Ukrainian people like all the peoples of the Soviet Union are indebted to the Bolshevik Party, indebted to the leader of the Party and people the great Stalin.

The Stalinist Friendship of Nationalities, A Guarantee for the Invincibility of Our Homeland (Russian edition, Moscow, 1949), p. 10.

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1956 - Spared mass deportation because there were too many

All the more monstrous are the acts whose initiator was Stalin and which are rude violations of the basic Leninist principles of the nationality policy of the Soviet state. We refer to the mass deportations from their native places of whole nations, together with all Communists and Komsomols without any exception; this deportation action was not dictated by any military considerations. . . . The Ukrainians avoided meeting this fate only because there were too many of them and there was no place to which to deport them. Otherwise, he would have deported them also.

5. Agriculture

1949 - Stalin's daily concern with agriculture

Comrade Stalin daily concerns himself about collective farms, especially about the young collective farms of the western provinces of the Ukraine, and gives them every sort of assistance.

Pravda Ukrainy, October 30, 1949.

1956 - Knew agriculture only from films

He knew the country and agriculture only from films. And these films had dressed up and beautified the existing situation in agriculture.

Many films so pictured kolkhoz life that the tables were bending from the weight of turkeys and gueese. Evidently Stalin thought that it was actually so.

1957 - Stalin responsible for agricultural backwardness

Why, then, has our agriculture been lagging behind for so long? This happened because nobody in the center wanted to sort out the state of affairs in the localities. Stalin, as is known, never went anywhere, did not consult the workers of agriculture, and did not listen to the voice of local workers, while the people whom he delegated in the center to watch over agriculture concealed great shortcomings from him and indulged in eyewash.

"For a Close Tie of Literature and Art with the Life of the People," Kommunist, No. 12, 1957, p. 12.

6. Kaganovich, Malenkov, and Stalin

1934 - Kaganovich as a leader

The Moscow /Party/ organization is ideologically rallied around the Central Committee, around our genius leader comrade Stalin. This ideological, principled unity of the Moscow organization was achieved, thanks to the skilled, daily leadership which we had in the person of Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich. (Stormy, continuing applause; the whole hall rises.)

17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Russian edition, Moscow, 1934), p. 145.

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### 1957 - Kaganovich and the personality cult

And Comrade Kaganovich, who fawned and did everything to inflate the cult of the personality of Stalin, began to picture Maxim Rylsky as a Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist.

"For a Close Tie of Literature and Art with the Life of the People," Kommunist, No. 12, 1957, p. 26.

### 1957 - Malenkov, Beria's instrument

The situation was also complicated by the fact that Stalin's personal shortcomings were used to the detriment of our cause by the sworn enemy of the Party and people, the provocateur Beria.

Great guilt in this matter lies with Comrade Malenkov, who fell completely under the influence of Beria, was his shadow, and was an instrument in the hands of Beria.

"For a Close Tie of Literature and Art with the Life of the People," Kommunist, No. 12, 1957, p. 20.

## C. Economy

### 1. Promises of Prosperity

#### 1954 - Much needs to be done

Obviously every worker, collective farmer and wage earner in the Soviet country wishes to live better and better all the time. . . . The improvement of the life of the toilers is the chief task of the Soviet government and of our Communist Party which do everything for the constant improvement of the life of the Soviet people. But for this much needs to be done.

Speech of February 22, 1954; reprinted in the collection To New Advances, Youth! (Russian edition, Moscow, 1956), pp. 6-7.

#### 1956 - People's well-being

Large prospects and opportunities are opening for us in further improving the people's well-being and hastening our advance toward a Communist society. People should have a good meal, a good apartment, clothing and the opportunity to study and to provide more fully for their cultural needs. It is the aim of our party to struggle for further increasing the people's well-being.

Speech at the meeting of Moscow youth devoted to awarding of Order of Lenin to Young Communist League; Prayda, November 10, 1956.

#### 1957 - Six-hour work day

The time is not far off when after the introduction of the seven-hour working day we will effect the transition to the six-hour working day.

"For a Close Tie of Literature and Art with the Life of the People," Kommunist, No. 12, 1957.

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## 2. Primacy of Industry

### 1955 - Industry and strength

But you must know that for all successes of our country we are indebted to the victory of the general line of the Party, the line which was outlined by Lenin, which was undeviatingly carried out by the Party under Stalin's leadership and which has been carried out by our entire Party. This is the triumph of the line of industrializing the country. Without developing heavy industry, without developing coal mining and the metallurgical and chemical industries, without developing machine building, we could not have developed our national economy, we could not have ensured victory in the hard war years. We live in a capitalist encirclement. Our successes bring joy to our friends and infuriate our enemies. We must constantly strengthen the might of our motherland. ...

Speech at Moscow meeting of Young Communists and young people; Pravda, January 8, 1955.

### 1955 - Continue emphasis on heavy industry

A struggle must be waged against those who consider that we can be satisfied with the level of development of heavy industry so far achieved and can concentrate our main energies on the task of developing the light and food industries. It must be understood that propagation of such anti-Leninist views is particularly impermissible in present circumstances, when our Party is directing all the efforts of the Soviet people to the solution of the great tasks of Communist construction, when the imperialist states are carrying on feverish preparations for war.

Report at Plenary Session of Party Central Committee, January 25, 1955; Pravda, February 3, 1955.

### 1956 - Consumer goods secondary

Soviet people knowingly accepted a curtailment of their needs in matters of food and clothing, in matters of housing and living conditions, as well as in many other respects. When we are being criticized that we do not always follow the latest Paris fashions of dress, that Soviet people still frequently wear quilted jackets which spoil the figure, we see it and admit it ourselves. We have restricted our requirements in many respects and we had no other way out. ...

Speech to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; Pravda, February 15, 1956.

### 1957 - Preferential development of heavy industry

The nationwide discussion has shown that the Soviet people are fully aware that the main task in developing the USSR national economy consists of ensuring continuous technical progress on the basis of the preferential development of heavy industry. ...

Report at Seventh Session of the USSR Supreme Soviet; Pravda, May 8, 1957.

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[c]

## 3. Agriculture

### a. Food Supply

#### 1949 - Plans fulfilled

Toilers of agriculture honorably fulfill their obligations before the homeland and comrade Stalin. From year to year the collective farms and state farms fulfill ahead of time the plans for delivery to the state of grain, meat and other agricultural products.

#### 1956 - Food supply irregular

production of many important foodstuffs and manufactured goods still lags behind the growing demand in the country. Some towns and communities are still not receiving a sufficient supply of such foodstuffs as meat, milk, butter and fruit, for example, and in some instances even the supply of potatoes and vegetables is irregular.

#### 1956 - Satisfy demand for milk and meat in two years

The demand for animal husbandry products is greater each year. But we are convinced that a foundation has been laid that will make it possible to meet this demand not in five years but in considerably less time. It can be noted with satisfaction that a number of republics and provinces have had considerable success in increasing milk production. We are certain that the five-year plan's goals for increasing meat production will be met in three years at the most. And if the leading workers do a really good job and the lagging ones improve, this task can be solved in two years.

Speech at the June 2, 1956, meeting in Moscow of Young Communist League members; Komsomolskaya Pravda, June 7, 1956.

#### 1956 - Provide the population with meat

The problem now is to provide the population fully with meat and meat products. Our meat resources are growing, but our needs are growing just as fast. Therefore we must now mobilize all efforts so that our resources grow more quickly than our needs. We can and must solve this problem in the very near future.

Speech at celebration by builders of Lenin Central Moscow Stadium; Pravda, August 1, 1956.

### b. Virgin Lands

#### 1954 - The Soviet people will eat better

We have much empty land, and it needs to be used in a business-like way.

Is this a bad task, comrades? The Soviet people will eat better, live better, and this, obviously, is the most important thing for us. Such a task has been posed by our Party, our Government, and it is for this that our Communist Party is struggling.

Speech of February 22, 1954; reprinted in To New Advances, Youth! (Russian edition, Moscow, 1956), p. 11.

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1956 - The last laugh

How much ink the bourgeois journalists used up predicting the failure of the Soviet Union's plans and discrediting the idea of bringing virgin and idle lands into production! But not for nothing is it said that he laughs best who laughs last. And so we laugh at those journalists, at those--how petty all these "prophets" are!--who are unable to understand our aspirations and to evaluate our powers correctly. Thus they miscalculated, as in the last analysis they miscalculate about everything else.

c. Corn

1955 - You must believe in corn

Corn is a powerful crop. You must believe in corn as you believe in clover.

Pravda, June 17, 1955.

1957 - Soviet cows support the Central Committee

There were in the USSR persons and even scientists who tried to prove that there is in the Netherlands some breed of cows, better cows than our Moscow ones, and that our Moscow cows will never be able to compete with them. However, our Soviet cows have derided those scientists and have supported the Central Committee. And they have done so because we have supported them with corn.

Interview with a delegation of Polish journalists; Trybuna Robotnicza (Katowice, Poland), May 28, 1957.

1957 - Sausage on the handle

Standing in the middle of the field Khrushchev laughingly pointed at the corn and the thick cobs and said, "Here is the complete sausage on the handle! Here is beefsteak! Here is bacon! What will these plants look like in a month and a half when the harvest comes? Then the cobs will be half a meter long! Now you will understand why I am so enthusiastic about corn."

East German news service, ADN, August 11, 1957.

d. Lysenko

1955 - State should support Lysenko

In many collective farms of the Moscow oblast harvesting according to the method recommended by academician Lysenko gave good results. But there are still people who do not trust this method. It is time, it seems to me, to go from talking to doing. This is a great question and it must be decided by the state.

Pravda, June 17, 1955.

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1957 - He will not undertake anything bad

There are scientists who still disagree with Lysenko on this matter. If I were asked which scientists I voted for I would say, without thinking: Lysenko. And I know that he will not let me down because he will not undertake anything bad. I think that there are few scientists who understand soil as well as Comrade Lysenko.

Speech at Conference of Agricultural Workers of Oblasts of the Central Non-Black Earth Region, March 30, 1957; Pravda, April 1, 1957.

1957 - I know Comrade Lysenko

Some scientists invented all kinds of accusations to hurl at Comrade Lysenko during the whole time he was president of the V.I. Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences. That is why we acquiesced when Comrade Lysenko asked to be relieved of the post. They said that Lysenko's character is one that does not permit contradictions, does not take other people's opinions into account. I know Comrade Lysenko. He knows how to defend his point of view, and this is all to the good. Any man who has a conviction and who has thought before speaking is bound to defend what he has said. That is normal. And what kind of method do Avdonin and the others use in scientific arguments? Can it be called a democratic method? ...

Speech at Conference of Farm Personnel, Gorky, April 8, 1957; Pravda, April 10, 1957.

e. "Agro-Towns"

1951 - "Agro-towns" instead of hamlets

Instead of small hamlets there will arise large, well-ordered collective farm villages with schools, clubs, bath-houses, agricultural education buildings, children's nurseries, and other cultural and service establishments.

Pravda, March 4, 1951.

f. Theft

1952 - Severe punishment for pilferers

The struggle to protect state property from theives and pilferers is one of the most important tasks of Party organizations. ...

The misappropriation of collective farm property must be vigorously put down; it is necessary to work constantly and persistently to strengthen the communal sector, meting out severe punishment to those enemies of the collective farm system who pilfer collective farm property.

Moskovskaya Pravda, September 28, 1952.