1.

FORMAT

We all agree that with the current break between the Socialists and Communists in France and the probable end of the election coalition, the threat of Communist participation in a forthcoming French government is sharply reduced. Therefore, an important element of the original program has lost some of its political drama and TV appeal. Consequently, we might cut back the film story in Europe from the original 1 hour 30 minutes format to about 45 minutes of program time. This would leave a balance of about 30 minutes to fill.

It might well be filled by placing the film segment within a panel of about 50-75 selected Americans--a cross section of academic, business, labor, consumer, religious and youth spokesmen--who ask informed foreign policy questions at two different stages of the program:

1) General foreign (but non-European) issues of immediate and deep concern to the U.S., such as the Panama Canal Zone Treaty, Southern Africa, the Middle East negotiations, Peking-Washington relations, etc.-- These would be fielded by Dr. Kissinger with Brinkley moderating and directing traffic.

2.

2) At some appropriate point--perhaps 15-18 minutes in, either a panelist or David would bring up the issue of "Eurocommunism", thus cueing the film segment. At its conclusion, the panelists would be invited by David to ask further questions specifically related to the challenge of the West European Communists.

We suggest that this panel segment be organized in Chicago under the auspices of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations and taped on or about January 4, 1978 at WMAQ-TV, Chicago.

N.B. What follows is a still tentative shooting outline subject to change as production and political developments continue.

3.

## SUGGESTED OPENING

**ELEMENTS:** Film, optics, stills, provocative visual and audio layout.

**PURPOSE:** To introduce Kissinger and Brinkley; to set up Eurocommunism story; to set up titles; to lead to the studio.

## PICTURE

Split screens, primarily HK's face. Also, appropriate pix relating to audio (events, teaserc pix of later parts of show, etc.) Ends with several HK faces filling the screen.

HK in various places:
Paris, Rome, Berlin,
Washington, etc.
Split screen. Super
titles:

NBC NEWS PRESENTS
(TITLE)
(SUBTITLE)

## SOUND

HK's crisp comments on balance of power, Atlantic Alliance, Eurocommunism, threat to American way of life, other topics and issues included in the show.

NAT SOF

4.

ACT I

<table><thead><tr><th>PICTURE</th><th>SOUND</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Last of titles over Modena<br>CP festival crowd scene.<br><br>Split screen images of<br>Brinkley in Europe.<br><br>Super: WITH DAVID BRINKLEY<br><br>Split screen images of<br>Kissinger and Brinkley<br>together in Europe, two<br>or three locations.<br><br>Long shot of studio (hall)<br>zooming into Brinkley and<br>Kissinger.</td><td>Brinkley comments on<br>Eurocommunism.<br><br>Audio from studio begins.<br><br>Brinkley explaining where<br>they are, what the program<br>will be about. Kissinger<br>is here with us and can,<br>first, take advantage of<br>the situation by discussing<br>problems around the world.</td></tr><tr><td>COMMERCIAL BREAK<br><br>PANEL with Kissinger and<br>Brinkley<br><br>Q&A BEGINS</td><td>Q&A BEGINS</td></tr><tr><td>(As noted, at the appropriate time, Brinkley cues the<br>film report.)</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

5.

ACT II

THE RISE OF "EUROCOMMUNISM" AND MILITANT MARXISM IN
WESTERN EUROPE.

Film and stock footage are used to illustrate
aggressive tactics and techniques of CPs in France,
Italy, Spain, Portugal--rallies, campaigning, posters,
strikes, civil disorder. Brinkley's v/o provides the
facts and figures: Italy's PCI with 34% of the last
vote; France with a CP-Socialist coalition came within
a percentage point of victory in the Presidential election
of 1974; Spain and Portugal where CPs have fought with
discipline and tenacity to increase their already considerable
strength.

Berlin Wall

DB ON CAMERA: The "external threat" begins here--
on the other side of the wall; the Communists under Soviet
leadership. Growth of Eurocommunism, to the West, places
Germany in a precarious position.

Highly stylized map to go with narration

DB VO (as continuation of Berlin Wall on camera piece):
A westward movement of the growing influence of Communism...
in France, where the PCF is maneuvering with some success
politically...in Italy, where the PCI already, in fact,

6.

shares in the power of government...in Spain, where the PCE
is trying to gain power through party discipline combined
with Eurocommunism's mass appeal...in Portugal, where the
PCP, despite an election setback, is a well-disciplined
party with a tight hold on the labor unions.

## Capo de Roca, Portugal

DB VO (CONTINUING FROM ABOVE): This is as far as the Communist movements can go, on the continent...here, the westernmost point of the European continent. From the wall to the Atlantic Ocean--( ) miles in between...four countries, where Communists have from fair to excellent chance of achieving power and, thus, have a fair to excellent chance of upsetting the traditional, close relationships between the United States and Western Europe.

## Map of Spain and Portugal and appropriate film scenes

HAK VO FROM INTVU: In Iberian peninsula, disciplined Communist organizations challenge new democracies. Portugal, a NATO member; Spain tied by special agreements to the U.S. Communist participation in either country would have serious consequences.

## HAK-DB interview segment

HAK ON CAMERA: The military strength and unity of NATO would be gravely weakened if Communists in Western Europe have a significant share of power. It is hard to visualize how the present NATO structure could continue.

7.

Gen. Haig in Brussels (with Utley)

HAIG ON CAMERA: Continuing above idea, noting specifically how NATO can be hindered by Communists-- countries would be less likely to give NATO high budgetary priority, would weaken combined defense effort, discourage U.S. will to maintain forces in Europe, force major change in NATO practices.

### HAK-DB interview segment

HAK ON CAMERA: For example, when Portugal's government had Communist representation after Caetano overthrow, Portugal excluded from classified NATO discussions.
(Explains how this was accomplished.)

### Gen. Haig in Brussels

HAIG ON CAMERA: (Begins to discuss importance of NATO to western defense.)

### Maps, film, charts, other illustrations

HAIG VO: To show our NATO strategy, including bases and weapons; Azores; South Command as key to Med defense; strategic position of France; Germany as a front line.

### HAK-DB master interview segment (Petit Trianon)

HAK ON CAMERA: Western Europe is our closest partner and the cradle of much of our civilization. The unity of the democracies is crucial to America; it defends our security and our way of life.

8.

Continuing HAK-DB interview

HAK INTERVIEW: Ironic that when democracies are most cohesive in opposition to external threat, the unity should be jeopardized by an internal danger--the growth of Communist parties of Western Europe.

PCI scene (Italy)

HAK VO FROM INTVU: PCI second largest party and powerful rival of Christian Democratic Party with virtual veto over government programs in the Italian parliament.

PCF scene (France)

HAK VO FROM INTVU: PCF short term and long term challenge to centrist and Socialist positions in government; could, sooner or later, bring Communist leaders into key ministerial posts (or at least frustrate and sabotage democratic administrations).

HAK-DB interview segment

HAK ON CAMERA: The Western European Communist parties can be counted on to reorient the Common Market toward closer relations with Eastern Europe; they will not encourage European political unity to foster cooperation with the U.S.; they will encourage Third Force tendencies. They will be destructive to the Atlantic alliance and unity, the key to American foreign policy.

(Interview segueways to origins of Eurocommunism)

["9.", "IS \"EUROCOMMUNISM\" AN ACTUAL CHANGE OF DOCTRINE OR SIMPLY\nA TACTICAL MANEUVER?", "Carrillo of Spain and Berlinguer insist that they are\ndeveloping an independent \"national\" Communism which accepts\ndemocracy and political pluralism. Statements from both.", "Master IVU, HAK-DB continues in which following\npoints are made:", "\"We cannot know, with certainty, whether a fundamental\nchange has occurred in these parties' traditional goals\nand tactics. But their internal organization and management\nspeak against such a view. It is not democratic pluralism\nbut the stern Leninist precept of \"democratic centralism\"\nwhich continues to guide the internal structure of all\nEuropean Communist parties. This is a doctrine of iron\ndiscipline, not a principle of free and public dialogue.\nIt is a system of dogma, of a \"party line\", of authority\nand obedience, of suppression of dissent and purge of\ndissenters. There are too many recent instances of resorts\nto violence, attempts to censor newspapers and broadcasting,\nand efforts to control the functioning of universities to\nbe optimistic about their character.\"", "Other views: 1) Raymond Aron, 2) Jean-Jacques\nServan-Schreiber (\"Are the Communists moving Right--or\nEurope Left?")"]

10.

Finally, someone with an opposing view to HAK's (Sec'y
Vance? Arthur Schlessinger?) who believes that Western
Communists are capable of change and should be welcomed
and encouraged by the free world.

In rebuttal (master IVU) HAK points out that
Yugoslavia developed a policy fiercely free of Moscow's
control only to wind up a Third World leader opposed to
the United States on almost every international issue.

"For the key issue is not how 'independent' the
European Communists would be, but how Communist. The
dynamics of the Communist parties and the program on which
they would be elected suggest that their foreign and
domestic policies are not likely to be consistent with
the common purposes of the Atlantic Alliance.

"The solidarity of the great industrial democracies
has maintained global security for thirty years. Western
collective defense provided the shield behind which the
United States, Western Europe, and Japan developed the
institutions of European unity and of the progressive
world economic system. All these relationships would be
severely jeopardized if Communists came to power in allied
governments."

11.

ACT III

HAK-DB intvu leads to Spain

HAK and DB: Development of PCE, its strength and election standing. Underground activities during Franco period. Legalized after Franco died.

Carrillo stills and library film; also Barcelona printing plant

DB VO: Carrillo as the point man of Eurocommunism, vocalizing and publishing some of the sharpest criticisms of the Soviet Union and the CPSU and taking extreme social democratic-like stance regarding western democracies.

Carrillo intvu (by Utley)

CARRILLO ON CAMERA: Views on the U.S. and western traditions and institutions; beliefs concerning the electoral process, majority rule, etc.

HAK-DB intvu

HAK ON CAMERA: But can we take these declarations at face value? Eurocommunists have listed Bulgaria, Poland and East Germany as countries with a pluralistic party system. Such professions of the national road to Communism and of devotion to democratic principles not really new. Let me read some quotations from European Communist leaders.

12:

## Georgi Dimitrov still

HAK VO: Georgi Dimitrov, leader of the Bulgarian Communist Party, said in 1946--Every nation will effect its transition to socialism, not exactly as in the Soviet Union, but by its own road.

## East Berlin still or film

HAK VO: A 1945 proclamation by the East German Communist Party stated--The method of imposing the Soviet system on our country would be wrong...The overriding interests of the people, prescribe the method of establishing a democratic parliamentary democratic republic.

## Erno Gero still or film

HAK VO: Erno Gero, Hungary's Communist leader, said in 1944--The Communist Party does not approve of the idea of a one-party system. Let the other parties operate and organize as well.

## Wladyslaw Gomulka still or film

HAK VO: Wladyslaw Gomulka, Communist Party leader of Poland, said in 1946--State power is based on parliamentary democracy. The dictatorship of the proletariat of a single party is not essential.

13.

## Klement Gottwald still or film

HAK VO: Klement Gottwald, Communist Party leader of Czechoslavakia, in 1947--We seek at present to make certain that our new democratic parliamentary methods be expressed in constitutional law. If you want the view of the Communists, I can only say that they will be the strictest guardians of the new Constitution.

## HAK-DB intvu

HAK ON CAMERA: Whether or not they are independent of Moscow, Communists represent a philosophy which stands outside the framework of western constitutional history. They are a movement that appeals to a different tradition and uses a largely misleading vocabulary.

## Manuel Azcarate, PCF official

AZCARATE STATEMENT (in English): Status of the PCE and commitment to the people developed after years of clandestine and overt work against Fascism.

## Workers Commission scenes

AZCARATE VO: Workers Commission developed with help of PCE ties with the working people.

## King Juan Carlos and/or Prime Minister Suarez

DB VO: Spain's government leaders, after Franco, legalized PCE. Actively promoting pro-western stance for Spain.

14.

King and/or Prime Minister

KING AND/OR SUAREZ ON CAMERA: Analysis of political situation, especially regarding PCE.

Carrillo montage; At Madrid festival, with Carrillo and other Communist guests at British Labour Party conference.
At Yale.

DB VO: Carrillo continues to win widespread attention... and admiration...in Spain, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and even in America. He is the first Eurocommunist leader welcomed in the U.S.

Continuing above scenes.

HAK VO: We must avoid giving the impression that we consider Communist success a foregone conclusion by ostentatious association or consultation with Communist leaders.

HAK-DB intvu

HAK ON CAMERA: Their most powerful weapons are fear, distrust and discouragement. Their principal asset is the myth of their invincibility. Therefore, we do our friends in Europe no favor if we encourage the notion that the advent of Communists into power will make little difference to our own attitudes and policies.

15.

### HAK-DB intvu (continuing)

HAK & DB segueway from Spain to Portugal, not a Eurocommunist party, like in Spain and Italy, but a hardline Marxist-Leninist, some would say Stalinist, party that attempted a power grab after Cactano was overthrown.

### Historical stills and film

DB VO: Recounting revolution; PCP sharing of power; Cunhal and Goncalves; tide turns against the PCP; election; emergence of Soares.

### HAK-DB intvu

HAK & DB ON CAMERA: Develop theme, problems of dealing with a Communist threat in a Western European country; a case study. How did HAK handle it while at State? What differences of opinion as to approach in our government? Attitudes toward economic aid and help to Portuguese government. Timing of aid, after Goncalves. Socialist Intl's role.

### Brandt or Schmidt intvu or statement

BRANDT OR SCHMIDT ON CAMERA: Recollection of what happened then.

### Soares intvu or statement

SOARES ON CAMERA: His view on what happened then.

16.

Portugal scenes, including square where many former
residents of colonies lounge about

DB VO: Portugal in shaky financial shape; a West
European third world nation almost. Loss of revenues
from colonies plus hundreds of thousands of citizens
from former colonies adding to work force.

PCP film, current

DB VO: Strength of party today

Intersindical film

DB VO: Greatest PCP strength in Intersindical
labor federation, which can tie up the economy even
further.

Cunhal silent

DB VO: Introduce leader of the PCP

Cunhal intvu by Utley

CUNHAL ON CAMERA: On the PCP's revolutionary
line...vanguard of the revolution and so on.

17.

PCP rally film

CUNHAL VO: Continuing his discussion on the goals
of the revolution.

PCP rally film continuing

DB VO: Portugal, Spain, Italy, France--countries
strong in CP movement also Catholic countries. More on
this in following act.

18

ACT IV

HAK DB intvu

HAK & DB ON CAMERA: Analyzes the phenomenon of the Catholic-Communist relationships in the Latin countries.

The attempt at a historic compromise between Catholic and Communists, between the DC and the PCI.

DC and PCI symbols (flag, etc.)

DB VO: Party backgrounds made clear--cross, on the one hand; hammer & sickle, on the other.

Number of other relationships: Pope Paul's admonition against voting for a communist mayor, who is elected. Naples neighborhood organization with a priest and a PCI official as co-chairman. The Pope at the Vatican; nearby, Berlinguer at PCI headquarters. The issues of divorce and abortion and the effect on the DCs.

DB VO: Explaining the above.

In Spain, close grass roots working relationships between Catholics and Communists. Communist priest at a mass; priest working in a radical neighborhood of Madrid.

DB VO: Explaining above. Working relationships date back to years of the common foe, Franco.

19

### DB in Italy (place to be determined)

**DB ON CAMERA:** As we have pointed out, Italians always have had difficulties feeling unified, developing any sort of patriotic fervor; and that has been a problem for any government in power...or for any group trying to rally the various regions and social classes around it.

### Roman sites in Rome: Coliseum, Forum, etc.

**DB VO (continuing from sequence above):** Rome is a virtual museum, showing off the ancient days of real political unity. But the Italians had to ward off a lot of outsiders since then, including the French and Spanish; and they've kept themselves separated by cities and regions, not to mention another power, the Papacy.

### Victor Emmanuel monument & Garibaldi statues, artwork

**DB VO (continuing):** A little more than a century ago, the Italians achieved geographical unity, and this monument celebrates the moment which was brought about by some genuine heroes, such as Garibaldi.

### Mussolini monument

**DB VO (continuing):** Benito Mussolini and his fascists enforced a degree of unity throughout the country. Obviously those days aren't completely forgotten; the monument still stands.

20

## Montage of Italians (faces and activities).

DB VO (continuing): But, after Mussolini had gone, the Italian was still a southerner or northerner or Roman or Neapolitan or Milanese or Venecian or whatever, more than a citizen of a country called Italy. Then, the Italian Communist Party went on their campaign to get a mass following, cutting across social lines and regional boundaries.

## Modena crowd cheering: Berlinguer and others arrive at speakers' platform

DB VO: And in a generation's time, they have almost succeeded. There are a million, 800 thousand dues paying Communists in a country of 56 million people --the largest Communist Party in a country not ruled by Communists; in the last parliamentary election, a year and a half ago, the Communists got more than a third of the votes; and its leader, Enrico Berlinguer, has become the dominant figure in the phenomenon known as Eurocommunism.

## Berlinguer speaking and crowd scenes

BERLINGUER SOF: (Appropriate cuts, with supers for translations)

## Modena festival scenes

BERLINGUER VO WITH SUPERS (Appropriate cuts from speech)

21

Modena festival scenes: Students cheering, dancing, exhibits, etc.

NATSOF: No narration; visually to show PCI mass following; among cross-section of Italians

Berlinguer speaking

BERLINGUER SOF: (Windup of speech)

Crowd cheering and singing Bandiera Rossa

NATSOF

Continue crowd singing with sound lowered

HAK VO: The Italian Communists have enormous trade union strength; they have substantial support from the intellectuals and the popular culture.

HAK DB intvu segment

HAK ON CAMERA: They have reduced the strength of the Socialists to a fraction of what it was three decades ago. Their Communists' growth, primarily at the expense of the democratic socialist groups, is part and parcel of an increasing and dangerous polarization of Italian politics.

Berlinguer and others during parliamentary session

DB VO: In the Italian parliament, the Communists control six (?) important committees. Up until recently, the Communists and the ruling Christian Democrats had an agreement whereby certain laws could be passed--because the Communists would not, by agreement, vote against them; they'd merely abstain. Now, there is an even closer working agreement--in certain areas,

22

such as public safety; that is, law and order--the
two parties have worked out a common program. In
effect, the Communists have a real share in the power
of the government.

### Andreotti with HK and DB

DB INTVU WITH ANDREOTTI AND HAK: (The advantages and problems of working with the PCI)

### Massimo DeCarolis in Milan (Christian Dem leader)

DE CAROLIS STATEMENT: (A more critical appraisal of the DC-PCI relationship)

### DB in Italy (same sit as before)

DB ON CAMERA: Italy is a laboratory nation--the Italians seem to pioneer in movements, and that is another reason why this country seems to be worth watching. Fascism came here first; after the war, the economic miracle was produced before prosperity blessed other countries; and there is this Euro-communism--which seems to be a kind of democratic socialism wrapped in a hammer-and-sickle flag. We will have a look at the machinery of the Italian Communist Party, to see the nuts and bolts of Euro-communism.

### PCI secretariat or executive committee meeting

DB VO: (Explaining functions of some of the leaders;

23

how party practices...or says it practices...democratic centralism).

## Berlinguer with Utley?

BERLINGUER INTVU: PCI's and Berlinguer's philosophy and practices; goals, short term and long term. Extent of independence from Moscow.

PCI activities: L'Unita, party schools; youth movement; trade unions, participation in RAI operations, etc.

BERLINGUER VO: To cover above.

## Berlinguer intvu

BERLINGUER ON CAMERA: How the PCI won the Italian cities.

## Montage of Italian cities with supered dates when Communist mayors took over, ending with Rome

DB VO: (Only over first part of sequence to say what the dates mean).

## HK/Andreotti/DeCarolis (one, two or all three)

ON CAMERA STATEMENT(S): Countering idea that Communist victory is inevitable. Serious PCI problems--left wing violence and city management.

## Naples scenes

DB VO: The city of Naples used to be an attractive

24

tourist center. Now it is a city that is constantly broke, where half the work-force is without jobs; hotels are closed and occupied by squatters; the slums are some of the worst in the western world; and the Communists...not very happily...rule. Naples is a key indicator of whether the Communists can run a city or, according to some, any city.

25

Mayor Valenzi

VALENZI ON CAMERA: Difficulties in paying bills, especially when cities are dependent on the central government for appropriations. When we took office, phone and utility companies hit us for ten years' back payment; we borrowed and paid--and the Christian Democrats, who ran up the bills, accused us of spending money that could have gone for social purposes.

City Council meeting in baronial Hall of Barons (how else to describe?) inside an old castle--probably the most dramatic meeting-place of any city council in the world.

DB VO: (Description of councilmen and activities, featuring Communist Councilman Gerrameca.)

Gerrameca in action

DB VO: Gerrameca, Naples PCI chairman until he became a councilman, really runs the city; party gave him the assignment when it became apparent the mayor was unable to govern.

Gerrameca

GERRAMECA ON CAMERA: The pressures are enormous. I wonder if the democratic structure of the city can stand the strain. I'm afraid people may decide to take matters into their own hands.

26

## DeCarolis

DE CAROLIS ON CAMERA: Some Christian Democrats are just waiting for the Communists to fall on their faces. If they can't run Naples, how can they run the country? The myth--that Communists are wonder city administrators--that myth is over.

## Bologna scenes

DB VO: Bologna used to be the pride of the Italian Communists. A smooth-running scandal-free operation. But the recession...an outbreak of violence...a lot of angry young people who are politically to the left of the Communists...changed the picture drastically for the Communists.

## Riots in March

DB VO: A demonstration aimed against the Communist city administration turned into a riot. Some of the demonstrators were arrested, and that got the young leftists even angrier.

## Demonstration in September

DB VO: This past fall, 20 thousand anti-Communist left-wingers descended on Bologna from all over Italy and from other places in Europe...to let the city administration hear again, what they think of it. It was yet another sign that the Communist Party was losing some support from its own natural constituency--from the left--and is being accused of selling out to the conservatives.

27

Berlinguer

BERLINGUER ON CAMERA: Explains his understanding of the situation and, maybe, expresses his dismay over the violence and the loss of potential party members. But thinks, on the whole, widespread social dislocations have caused many to question traditional systems and to look to the Communists for answers.

HAK-DB intvu

HAK ON CAMERA: In the end, Communists in Western Europe find opportunities when the democratic system seems unable to solve the social problems, when the center does not hold and societies become polarized. Violence drives many to support Communism in desparation.

28

HAK: "If Communist parties come to power in Western Europe, significant divergences on foreign policy would be bound to develop between Europe and the United States and between European states in whose governments Communist parties and the others.

"In February 1976, Italian Communist leader Berlinguer stated to London Times interviewer that "the Soviet Union's peace policy is in the general interest of mankind." The Italian party newspaper denounced NATO last year as "one of the fundamental instruments for American manipulation of the politics and economy of our country and Western Europe", and urged that "the relations between the countries of Western Europe and the two superpowers must be rediscussed." A loading member of the Italian party's central committee was asked in a recent interview with Radio Free Europe: "If the French and Italian Communist parties were in power, what would they do in the event of "a grave international crisis between the Soviet Union and the West?" He answered: "We would choose the Soviet side, of course."