( 131 )

I shall or will have,
Thou shall or wilt have,
He shall or will have,
We shall or will have,
You shall or will have,
They shall or will have,

What shall we have for dinner ?
We shall have for dinner goose,
meat and beer.

Whither, where to ?
In, into (at, to),

Я бýду пмѣть.
Ты бýдешь пмѣть.
Опъ бýдеть пмѣть.
Мы бýдемъ пмѣть.
Вы бýдете пмѣть.
Они бýдутъ пмѣть.

Что бýдетъ у насъ за обѣдомъ ?
Мы бýдемъ пмѣть за обѣдомъ гуєн,
мйсо и пиво.

Кудá ?
Въ (во), gov. accus. and
prepositional.

### OBS. 6.—The prep. въ governs the accusative in answer to the question *whither?* or when indicating movement, and the prepositional when there is no motion indicated from one place to another.

To do, } Дѣлать.
To make, }

To go, { Падтй.
{ Ходить.
Towards, to, Къ (ко), governs the dat.

### OBS. 7.—The verb пдтй, ‘to go,’ denotes an action at some given moment, as :

I am going now. Я паду тепєрь.
He is going to-morrow. Онъ идєть завтра

Ходить, ‘to go,’ expresses an action without reference to any particular time, a habit or power of performing the action, as :

I go there every day. Я хожу туда каллый депь.
He often goes with him. Онъ чáсто ходить съ пимъ.
Men can walk. Люди ходить.

( 133 )

How do you do ?

Very well, thank you.

What do you think ?

What are you thinking of ?

†Какъ вáше здорóвье ?

Благодарю васъ, довóльно хорошó.

Что вы дýмаете ?

О чемъ вы дýмаете ?

To think,

Дýмать.

EXERCISE XXXIII.

Where is the peasant with the seed going?—He is going
to his master's barn.—Where are you going?—I am going
to our rich butcher.—Has he good meat?—He has plenty of
good and fresh meat.—Is his meat cheap?—No, his meat
(meat he has) is very dear, but he has plenty of cheap
butter.—In which building do you see the large, beautiful
mirror?—I see neither the building nor the beautiful mir-
ror, I see only the beautiful green field.—Whose field do
you see?—I do not know whose it is.—Where are the
industrious mowers?—They are in (on) the field, in
which you see so many beautiful flowers.—Has your cook
time?—He has no time, but our peasant has.—What do
these surgeons see?—They see a bad medicine.—What did
he buy?—He bought a good medicine.—What business
have the brothers of this kind German?—They have no
business.—What are these boys speaking of?—They speak
of the two ships on the sea.—Do they not see the boats
of both the Russians, whom we see on the other (that)
shore of the sea?—They see them also.—How much milk,
butter, wine, beer and meat have you?—I have a great
deal of butter and meat, a little milk and wine, and plenty
of beer.—Do you give your child any beer?—I do not
give it beer, but I give it plenty of milk.—How many

( 134 )

pieces of bread and butter has your child ?—It has three pieces of bread and butter and also a very large piece of meat.

## EXERCISE XXXIV.

Do you like that poor but industrious family, which has neither bread nor meat ?—No, I do not like it.—To whom are you going so often, my friend ?—I do not go often to anybody.—To whom are you going now, my friend ?—I am going to (ha) the field, where you see our lazy mowers.—Are we not going to that magnificent building with the handsome gate ?—We are not going to that building, but to the other one.—Do you like roast meat ?—No, I do not like it.—Do you want some butter and cheese ?—No, thank you, I am not hungry.—Give me, if you please, a little beer.—Of which beer are you speaking ?—Of that which he gave me. Has he plenty of time ?—He has not any time at all. With whom and where are they going ?—They are going with my kind friend's family into the garden.—To whose garden are they going ?—To our neighbour's garden.—Is his family now in town ?—No, sir, they are no longer in town.—Were this family in town yesterday ?—They were not in town yesterday.—Have you already given the little boy some beer and bread and butter ?—I gave him plenty of both (the one and the other), and I gave him also some wine and meat.—Were you at the theatre yesterday ?—I was not there yesterday.—Where and with whom are you going to-day ?—I am going to-day with the kind master (teacher) of the grand duke, but to the temple, and not to the play.—To which temple ?—To the one (which is) in the market of our large town.

( 135 )

EXERCISE XXXV.

To whom are you going?—I am going to him.—Has this old peasant a large field?—No, sir, he has no large field, but he has good meadows and forests.—Has this peasant's son-in-law plenty of white linen and yellow flax? He has plenty of both, but he has only a few cotton handkerchiefs and woollen cloaks.—Has he much business in town?—He has no business in town.—Does this child like milk?—Yes, very much.—What merchandise has your son-in-law?—He has the goods which he bought in Paris. What does this child dislike?—It dislikes medicine.—Did you see this young man the day before yesterday?—I saw him to-day with my own eyes.—Where will you be to-morrow?—I do not know yet.—Will you be in your garden to-day?—No, we will be (there) where we were yesterday. Are all the flowers green?—No, some of them are white. What has this joiner bought?—He has bought a few beams.—What for?—For stakes.—When will your brother be at your house?—In the month of February.—How many pounds of black tea did my cousin buy from you?—He bought three pounds only from me.—Who bought the alum?—The chemist bought it.—What does this peasant trade in?—He trades in meat, butter, onions, garlick, milk and bread.

( 138 )

Few, some,
Some, certain,

Our father is going to the castle
with a few friends.

They are going to some (certain)
friends.

A dish, блюдо.

A ring, кольцо, пёрстень.

A treasure, сокропвище.

A monster, чудовище.

German, нёмёцкий.

English, ángлийскій.

Dutch, голла́нскій.

London, Лондонъ.

St. Petersburg, Санкт-Петербургъ,

or simply Петербургъ.:

These,

Those,

Пѣсколькіе.

Пѣкоторые.

plural.

Нашъ отёцъ підётъ въ зámокъ съ нѣ-
сколькимъ прiятелями.

Опí пíдýтъ къ пѣкоторымъ прiятe-
лямъ.

An egg, яйцо, gen. plur. яйцъ.

Pewter, олово.

A herd, стадо.

Russian, русскiй, россiйскiй.

Slavonic, славянскiй.

Turkish, турецкiй.

Paris, Парiжъ.

Ciú, этп.

Tě.

Masculine and
neuter.

ОBS. 3.—The following, having two consonants before
the final vowel, take the euphonic e or o in the genitive
plural, as :

<table>
  <tr>
    <td>A letter, ппсьмó, пъсемь.</td>
    <td>A spot, пятнó, пътень.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>A beam, бревпó, брёвепь.</td>
    <td>A trade, ремеслó, рємесель.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>A grain, зєрнó, зєрепь.</td>
    <td>A number, чпсю, чйсєль.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Linen, полотно, полотень.</td>
    <td>A ring, кольцо, кóлецъ.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>A saddle, сёлю, сёдель.</td>
    <td>The heart, сєрдце, сердєць.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>An oar, весю, весель.</td>
    <td>Door-steps, крылью, крымєць.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>An easy chair, крєєло, крєєлєь.</td>
    <td>A towel, полотєпце, полотє-
нєць.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>The bottom, дно, допь.</td>
    <td>A rib, ребро, ребєрь and ребрь.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>A window, окно, окошь.</td>
    <td>A pail, ведро, вєдєрь and вєдрь.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Woolen cloth, сукно, сýєкнь.</td>
    <td>A kernel, ядро, ядерь and ядрь.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>An oar, греблó, грєбеїсь.</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Little window, окөшко, окөшєкь.</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Little ring, копчо, копчєкь.</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
</table>

<table>
  <tr>
    <td>A spot, пятно, пътенъ.</td>
    <td>A trade, ремесло, рємесєлъ.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>A number, чпсю, чйсєлъ.</td>
    <td>A ring, кольцо, кóлецъ.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>A ring, сюлью, сюлєць.</td>
    <td>The heart, сєрдце, сердєць.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Door-steps, крылью, крымєць.</td>
    <td>A towel, полотєпце, полотє-
нєць.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>A rib, ребро, ребєрь and ребрь.</td>
    <td>A pail, ведро, вєдєрь and вєдрь.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>A kernel, ядро, ядерь and ядрь.</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
</table>

( 139 )

All words having an unaccented termination in чко, шко,
take the vowel e before the final consonant in the genitive
plural, as :

Колёчко, little ring, genitive plural, колёчекъ.

Окóшко, little window, genitive plural, окóшекъ.

ОBS. 4.—Дéрево, ‘a tree;’ полёшо, ‘a log;’ звёшó, ‘a link;’ крыло, ‘a wing;’ помелó, ‘a besom;’ шюло, ‘an awl;’ пёрó, ‘a feather, a pen;’ дно, ‘the bottom,’ form their plural irregularly, in ля, левъ, лямъ, etc., as :

Дерёвля, trees; genitive, дерёвлень, dative, дерёвламъ, etc.

Крыйлья, wings; genitive, крыйльевъ, dative, крыйльямъ.

ОBS. 5.—The word колёно, according to its meaning, is
declined in the plural in three different ways :

<table><tr><td rowspan="3">Колёпо,</td><td>A tribe,</td><td>plural, колёна, gen. колёшъ, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>The knee,</td><td>plural, колётии, gen. колёпей.</td></tr><tr><td>A joint (of a plant),</td><td>plural, колёнья, gen. колёшьевъ.</td></tr></table>

The word датя, ‘child,’ is declined in the plural irre-
gularly: nominative дѣти, genitive дѣтей, dative дѣтямъ,
instrumental дѣтьмй, prepositional дѣтяхъ.

Кольцо, a ring, nominative plural, кольцы and кольца.

Плечо, the shoulder, nominative plural, плечи, and плеча.

ОBS. 6.—Words forming their plural in ята or ата, end
in the singular in епокъ, as :

Гусёпокъ, a gosling, plural, гусáта.

Утёпокъ, a duckling, plural, утáта.

Цыплёпокъ, a chicken, plural, цыплята.

Ребёпокъ, a child, plural, ребáta.

Мышёпокъ, little mouse, plural, мышáта.

( 140 )

### OBS. 7.—All neuter substantives ending in ко, except the word вóйско, ‘an army,’ and óбоко, ‘a cloud,’ form their plural in ки instead of ка, as:

<table><tr><td>Окóшко, a window,</td><td>plural, окóшки,</td><td>gen. окóшекъ, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Дрéвко, a spear-shaft,</td><td>plural, дрéвки,</td><td>gen. дрéвокъ.</td></tr></table>

All words having an accented termination in ко, as очко, ‘a point;’ ушко, ‘small year;’ and also the word áбоко, ‘an apple,’ take, in the plural, masculine inflexions, as:

<table><tr><td>Nominative, Очкý, ушкý, áбоки.</td></tr><tr><td>Genitive, Очкóвъ, ушкóвъ, áбоковъ.</td></tr></table>

### OBS. 8.—The words óко, ‘the eye’ (Slavonic), and ýхо, ‘the year,’ form an irregular plural:

<table><tr><td>Nominative, Очп, ýшп,</td></tr><tr><td>Genitive, Очей, умей, etc.</td></tr></table>

### OBS. 9.—Augmentatives ending in пще, formed of neuter nouns, are declined in the plural regularly, as, окно, ‘a window,’ augmentative окнύще, plural окнύша, genitive окнύщъ, etc.; but those formed of masculine nouns take in the plural пщи, пщей, etc., as, столъ, ‘a table,’ augmentative столύще, plural столύщи, genitive столύщей, etc.

### OBS. 10.—The following nouns are declined in two different ways:

1. Сýдно, { a chalice, plural, сýдна, genitive, сýдень, etc.
   { a ship, plural, суда, genitive, судовъ.

2. Чýдо, { a wonder, plural, чудесá, genitive, чудесъ, etc.
    { a monster, plural, чýда, genitive, чудъ.

3. Нéбо. { heaven, plural, небесá, genitive, небéсъ, etc.
    { the palate, plural, нёба, genitive, нёбъ.

### OBS. 11.—Nouns ending in ство, здо, ско, сто, although

( 142 )

ing?—Of English pewter.—Give them the dishes, which
you see there, on the table.—I do not see any dishes on this
wooden table.—I am not speaking of this, but of that table,
upon which there are so many dishes with meat, butter and
milk.—Whose are these six large and beautiful mirrors ?
I see two large mirrors only, the other four are small and
ugly mirrors.—Where are your brothers going?—They are
going into the garden.—With whom are they going into
the garden?—With a few true friends and with their own
children.—Where is the young player going?—He is going
to the ball.—Who are at (on) the ball?— There are a few
of (пэл) his friends and acquaintances.—Where is the ball
you speak of?—It is at (in) our young king's theatre.
How many wings has a nightingale?—It has as many
wings as a sparrow; it has two wings.—Has it also two or
three feathers only?—No, it has a great many feathers.
Have you my steel pens?—I have them not.—How many
apples do you see upon those trees?—I see only a few
apples on the trees, but I see plenty of them on these
dishes.—Where are the fields of these big peasants?—These
big peasants have no fields.—Whose are these hovels (домишки)?—They are this big peasant's.—How many ears
has a man?—A man has two ears and as many eyes.—How
many trees are there in that forest?—In that forest there
are many fine old and young trees.—Do you not see any
fine trees and new buildings in our prince's garden?—I see
neither.—Does not this thief see our clothes, or those of our
pupils (воспитанники).—He sees neither (those nor the
others), he sees only his own.

( 143 )

EXERCISE XXXVII.

Have you seen old sparrows' nests on those high trees?
I did not see any nests.—Where did you see these large
grey eggs?—I saw them in the field, in the old eagle's nest.
In whose palace are the treasures?—In no one's; there are
no treasures in the palace.—Have you any other affairs
here?—We have other affairs in town, but we have no
affairs here.—What does this labourer give to his five
sons?—He gives them five hares, some meat, three pots of
milk, five chickens, ten ducklings, three young pigs and a
few pounds of honey.—Where are you going?—I am going
to the village.—What did these peasants see in the rich
villages?—They saw there rich and poor men, many brave
soldiers, also many monks, beggars, thieves and other
people.—Have they not seen also young asses, calves and
other animals?—The blacksmiths on your estate have seen
them, but the peasants saw nothing.—I have no estates;
Noblemen only have estates, and I am not a Nobleman, I
am a Priest.—To whom did you give your counting board?
I gave it to my clerk.—Have you bought pincers?—I did
not buy any pincers.—Are you going home?—No, I am
going to (bl) the play.—Will you be at home to-day?—I
am already at home.—How many months have you been
in London?—I have been there three months already.—Do
the soldiers like the sea?—The soldiers do not like the sea.
What seeds have his peasants?—They have plenty of good
seeds.—With whom art thou going into the garden?
With a few companions.—Is the bottom of this sea deep?
The bottom of this sea is very deep.—How many ears has
a man?—A man has two ears, two eyes, one mouth, one
nose and one forehead.—Are the windows of this house

( 145 )

Have you a little ink?

We have plenty of it.

The cabinet-maker has no arm-chairs,
but he has plenty of firewood.

Such,

Such as,

The same as,

As good as,

What dress have you?

I have such a dress.

They have no such dresses.

Neither of you has such a ring as I
have.

No, sir, we have the same as you
have (as good as you have).

After, for,

To go for,

Is he going for any thing?

What is he going for (after)?

He is going for some wine.

What is your servant going for?

He is going for some tobacco.

Whom is he going to fetch?

Whom is he going after, for?

After no one.

Is he going for some meat?

No, for some milk.

Every thing,

Everybody, all,

I like every thing here, and every-
body, but he likes nothing
and no one.

I gave them every thing (that) I had.

Есть ли у вас пеппіго черпілъ?

У васъ ихъ очень много.

У столирѣ пѣтѣ крѣсѣлѣ, но у него
много дровъ.

Такой, genitive такого;
plural такіе, такія.

Такой, какой.

Такой-же, какъ и.

Какое платье у васъ?

У меня такое платье.

У нихъ пѣтѣ такихъ платьевъ.

Ии у одного изъ васъ пѣтѣ такого
пёрстия какъ у меня.

Нѣтъ, суйдарь, у насъ есть такой же
какъ и у васъ.

За (governs the instr.).

Нати за.

Ндѣтъ ли онъ за чѣмъ пѣбѣ дь?

За чѣмъ онъ пѣдѣтъ?

Онъ пѣдѣтъ за виномъ.

За чѣмъ пѣдѣть вашъ слуга?

Онъ пѣдѣтъ за табакомъ.

За кѣмъ онъ пѣдѣтъ?

Ни за кѣмъ.

Пѣдѣ ли онъ за миšомъ?

Пѣтѣ, за молокомъ.

Всё.

Всѣ.

Я люблю здѣсь всё по всемъ а онъ не
любить пичего и никого,

Я далъ имъ всё что имѣлѣ.

L