March 10, 1912.

Dear Grosvenor:

I am sending you under separate cover the two albums of pan-
oramic views made especially for the National Geographic Society, a
few extra sheets that belong in the albums you already have, and Bum-
stead's drawings of my interpretation of the manner in which the gates
at Machu Picchu were locked.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective drawing of the city gates as it is to-
day, with a cross-section of one of the stones, to show how the cylin-
drical block of granite was set in. Fig. 2 is a restoration to show
how it would have been possible with the resources at their command
for the inhabitants of this ancient city to have barred out all unde-
sirables. I think Mr. Bumstead has done extremely well in giving my
idea a practical demonstration.

Faithfully yours,

Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Esq.,
National Geographic Society,
Washington, D. C.

P. S. May I trouble one of your clerks to find out whether Mrs.
L. B. Coan is still a member of the Society? I once made her a
member for a year, and she enjoyed it very much, but I did not
know whether she felt able to continue the membership dues. If
she did not, I shall be glad to have the bill sent to me. Her ad-
dress is: Mrs. L. B. Coan, 1439 Alexander St., Honolulu, S. I.

H. B.

April 8, 1912.

My dear Grosvenor:-

I enclose an outline plan for the Peruvian Expedition of 1912, and also suggestions for an arrangement to be entered into between your Committee and myself. I trust that these suggestions will meet with your approval. I am sorry we did not have time to draw them up while we were together in Washington.

You will notice that there is nothing said about the copyright privileges of a general report. I have talked the matter over with President Hadley and he is favorably inclined towards any proposition regarding this that you might care to make. He thinks, however, that the proper course of procedure would be an offer from you regarding the book rights, this offer then to be referred to the Prudential Committee of the Corporation. Perhaps all considerations of that point could well be left until we see what the expedition accomplishes. It would not, of course, affect the right of any individual member of the expedition to bring out his own book, after your magazine had printed the first story of the expedition.

With regard to the title of the expedition, I have done a lot of hard thinking and have gone over all the possible forms which the title might take, and the one given in the enclosed plan seems to me least

PLAN FOR THE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION OF 1912.

1. Name. The official title of this expedition is to be The Peruvian Expedition of 1912, under the auspices of Yale University and The National Geographic Society.

2. Plans. The plans of this expedition are to be under the direction of Professor Hiram Bingham of Yale University.

3. Field of Operations. The field of operations of this expedition is to be Southern Peru, particularly in the neighborhood of the 72nd, 73d, and 74th meridians of longitude west of Greenwich.

April 11, 1912.

My dear Grosvenor:

I meant to ask you for Fairchild's address and initials. I hope that we will be able to carry out the idea suggested of finding a botanist to accompany the expedition. It would be very agreeable to me. I hope you received my letter safely.

It occurs to me that I did not meet your request as to times and seasons for making payments. It would be agreeable to us and would facilitate the work of the expedition if you could deposit with George P. Day, Treasurer of Yale University, $5000 on the first of May, and $1000 on the first of September, October, November, December, and January. This would enable us to meet the demands as they come along. How does it strike you?

National Geographic Society
WASHINGTON, D. C.

GILBERT H. GROSVENOR, DIRECTOR AND EDITOR

April 24, 1912

Prof. Hiram Bingham,
Yale University,
New Haven, Conn.

My dear Bingham:

I ought to have the announcement of your expedition for the next number of the Magazine not later than May 1, and I should like to have the pictures several days sooner. Please do not let the Alumni Weekly have the announcement before May 17. Owing to printer's difficulties, our number is delayed.

I enclose memorandum of agreement, which I hope you will find satisfactory. I have changed the order somewhat, and given in considerable detail, so that there may be no mis-understanding hereafter, the provisions regarding the articles in the National Geographic Magazine. If the memorandum is sat-isfactory to you, kindly return at once, or make notations of such changes as you would like, and I will then send it to our Committee for signature, and return.

I am sorry that Pound was not satisfactory. You didn't say anything in your letter about a topographer, and therefore I didn't make any inquiries about his ability in that line. Chapman is still unable to give me a definite answer.

P.S.

In one of my earlier conversations with you, in February last, regarding cooperation on the part of the National Geographic Society, I stated that the Magazine would probably be able to pay for the articles in addition to a grant from the Society. In view of the fact that the grant made by the Society is much larger than I had originally thought probable, and in view of the fact that we are also loaning the instruments, which will probably cost about $1,500 additional, I think you will agree with me that the articles should be furnished to the Magazine without remuneration.

Suggestions for an arrangement between
the National Geographic Society and Hiram Bingham.

1. The National Geographic Society makes a grant of $10,000 to Yale University for the Peruvian Expedition of 1912, of which Professor Hiram Bingham is the Director.

2. The National Geographic Society further agrees to loan to this expedition such instruments as are needed by the chief topographer of the expedition.

3. The publication rights for the reports and articles emanating from the work of this expedition are to be controlled by the Director of the expedition under the following arrangement:

(a) The National Geographic Society is to receive for publication in the National Geographic Magazine the preliminary report of the expedition one month before it is sent to any other journal.

(b) The National Geographic Society is to have exclusive rights in the first popular story of the expedition, illustrated by the best photographs taken by the expedition.

(c) The National Geographic Magazine is to have the first option upon any popular articles prepared as a result of the work of this expedition, the price for such articles to be agreed upon between the editor of the magazine and the Director of the expedition.

(d) After the publication of the preliminary report of the expedition, scientific reports on various parts of the expedition may be published in any scientific periodical wherever, in the opinion of the Director, such publication would be most beneficial to the cause of science.

April 18, 1912

My dear Bingham:

Robert Chapman cannot yet tell me definitely whether he
can go, but I shall know by Monday next. He wants to go very
much, but he is partially committed to another work, and cannot
tell definitely whether the other work will materialize or not
until Monday.

Meanwhile, I have been very fortunate to learn of just the
man for your forestry assistant. He is a young fellow of 26, who
has had a great deal of experience in Mexico and Ecuador. Fairchild
recommends him as highly as I do. In fact, each recommended him
without knowing of the others recommendation. You will note that
he had three years' course at the University of Michigan Forestry
School, and was assistant in Economic Botany for one year at the
University of Michigan. I don't believe you could possibly find
a better man anywhere for your expedition. He seems capable, modest,
and scholarly. I have told him that I would recommend him for the
position, and that you would probably want to see him before decid-
ing. His name is Edward Harold Pound.

I should like to make the announcement of your expedition
in the next issue of the National Geographic Magazine, which will
be out about May 10. The best way to do this would be a short or
popular article of about 3,000 words, summarizing the work of your
three expeditions in South America, and more particularly the last
expedition, and then have a few paragraphs pointing out what you
plan to do on the next expedition. I should like very much to
have the article illustrated with photographs, and should think this
could be done without interfering with Harper's Magazine, inasmuch
as I notice a recent number of the Illustrated London News publishes
some of your finest pictures.

I believe that this next expedition of yours is going to
surpass your previous ones. We want all our members to be inter-
ested in the work, because they are supporting it, and photographs
will help it along immensely.

I shall send you I hope tomorrow the memorandum of agree-
ment. I have been so tremendously busy that I haven't been able
to complete it yet.

Mrs. Grosvenor joins me in best regards to you and Mrs.

Bingham.

April 22, 1912.

Dear Grosvenor:

I telegraphed to you last night asking you to have Pound come and see
me. From what he says I fear that he has not had enough topographical ex-
perience, and has had more economic botany than I really wanted. The reason
I decided to look for a forester was because I expected to find there the
type of man I wanted, who had had the proper field work in topography. Your
man certainly has had splendid experience and I shall look forward with
interest to meeting him and seeing how he matches up with one or two other
men who are now being considered. Three more, all most highly recommended
for this kind of work, landed on me at once, so at present there is somewhat
of an embarrassment of riches.

You have not yet returned to me the agreement on which you said you
were making a few changes. Will you kindly let me have that as soon as pos-
sible? Time is getting very short, particularly if they want me to go to
Peru next month.

How soon do you want the announcement of the expedition for the next
issue of the National Geographic Magazine, which you say will be out about

May 10th? Please give me as much time as you can. I shall try to give
you a good article, summarizing the work that has already been done and
pointing out what we plan to do. I should like to have this also printed
in the Alumni Weekly which appears on May 10th.

I have not seen the pictures in the Illustrated London News, but I
understand they were taken from the Geographical Journal. I do hope that
you are seeing Chapman today, and that he is going to come with us.

With kindest regards, believe me to remain

Faithfully yours,

Gilbert E. Grosvenor, Esq.,

Editor, National Geographic Magazine,

Washington, D.C.

April 23, 1912.

My dear Grosvenor:

I have just had lunch with your man Pound and found him to be a very pleasant fellow, but I fear he is too much of a forester for my purposes. His interests really lie in commercial forestry and that is outside the line of the expedition's work. He has not had enough experience in rap making to do the kind of scout reconnaissance work that I need. His idea of scout and mine are quite different. If nobody on the party had ever been in South America his experience there would be of great value, even though he were not specially qualified to do the work we want. His interests are commercial rather than scientific and his training is all along the lines of tropical forestry which is something we do not expect to go into.

The only reason I spoke of getting a forester was that experienced foresters have had work in topography and can make field reports of the kind that I want. I thank you for sending him up, and as soon as I hear what his expenses were I shall send him a check to cover them. There are two or three men in sight who have had a great deal more experience than Mr. Pound along the lines indicated, so that we shall get on first rate.

made is in reducing the liability of the University. I will of course do
my best to carry out everything in accordance with the spirit of those
agreements. I shall have written contracts with every man on the expedition
regarding rights of publication and also in regard to the photographs.
That we have tried to do is to put the agreement in such form that there
will be no difficulty about carrying it out, and so that there may be no
unlimited liability in any case. What is the matter with Chapman?

Finally I am very glad you made the provisions regarding the appearance
of the articles in the National Geographic Magazine more detailed. It is
always more satisfactory to have these things worked out fully beforehand.

If this memorandum is satisfactory to you, will you kindly secure the
signatures of your committee and return it for our signatures? I presume
that Mr. Eadley will sign it on behalf of Yale University. This will be
more satisfactory for you than if it simply has my signature.

I wish you would take up personally with Harper's Magazine the question
of illustrating the announcement. I do not feel that it would be quite
fair to them to give you a number of pictures which they are most likely to
want to use in printing the next three articles. It is not their fault
that they have not printed those articles earlier. I have simply been too
busy with expedition business to get them finished and sent off. And they
been slow about it after I sent them in. I should feel differently. Surely

May 1, 1912.

My dear Grosvenor:

Thank you for your prompt reply to my telegram of this morning. I am sorry that Chapman cannot go, but glad you have got a good man to recommend. I have already telegraphed Mr. Bumsted at Townsend Harbor, Mass., asking him to come to see me in New Haven. I am glad that the agreement was satisfactory, and that you are returning it today. The time is getting so short-, and as there is a possibility that I may have to go to Peru on the 11th of May, I am anxious to settle everything up before I go. Our plans are going splendidly. We have got a good surgeon and two excellent assistant topographers or field scouts, who are competent to do first-class geographical work, in addition to three capable

assistants who will help wherever they
are needed, one of them being especially
qualified to assist the Chief Topographer.

I am enclosing a brief statement
with regard to the Expedition. It is not
as good as I should like to send you, but
it is the best that I can do under the
circumstances.

I have not heard from you since my
letter suggesting that you take the mat-
ter of pictures up with Harpers', so the
best that I can do is to send you pic-
tures that either have been or are not
going to be used in their articles. I
trust that they will be moderately satis-
factory.

Faithfully yours,

May 1, 1912

Henry Gannett, Esq.,
President, National Geographic
Society,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Mr. Gannett:-

Thank you for your telegram,
received this afternoon, in regard
to Albert H. Bumsted, former topogra-
pher in the Geological Survey. I
have telegraphed him asking him to
come to New Haven and see me regard-
ing the position of Chief Topographer

We can arrange to pay him $150 a month, as you suggest. I thank you for your assistance in aiding us to find a man.

Faithfully yours,

National Geographic Society

WASHINGTON, D. C.

May 2, 1912

Prof. Hiram Bingham,
Yale University
New Haven, Conn.

My dear Bingham:

I enclose you herewith memorandum of agreement between you and the National Geographic Society. It has been signed on our part by the President, Secretary and myself. You will note that I have not changed even one word in the revised copy sent me by you last week.

I am more provoked than I can tell you about the delay by Chapman. He gave both Mr. Gannett and myself the impression that he would probably go to Peru. We kept seeing him almost every day, and finally, when I told him we must have an answer last Saturday, he stated that he could not go. Mr. Gannett thereupon took the matter up with the Geological Survey, with the result that he has recommended to you, as per our telegrams of yesterday, Albert H. Bumstead of Townsend Harbor, Mass. He is the best man we know of. It is very difficult to get the right man to do the kind of map you want. They have to be specially trained for the work, and the Geological Survey holds on to them as fast as it trains them.

I found the enclosed draft on the New York, New Haven & Hartford in my pocket, which perhaps one of your boys can use.

We all of us very much appreciate your good will in the matter of this memorandum of agreement. You have really made it more stringent than was necessary.

We all hope that you will be able to excavate and bring back a shipload of antiquities for your museum at Yale.

Please do not fail to send me at least eight or ten good photographs with the announcement of the expedition which I am to run in the current number of the Magazine. I will engage to arrange matters with Harper & Company before any of them are published. I might suggest that you include those that were published by the London Illustrated News. Harper certainly cannot object to the re-publication of these, and I have no objection to using them again.

Please return one copy of the enclosed agreement, you keeping the other.

May 3, 1912.

My dear Grosvenor:

Many thanks for your kind letter of May 2d. We appreciate the gracious
spirit in which you accepted the revised copy of the agreement, and note
with pleasure that you did not feel obliged to change "even one word".
As a matter of fact you did drop one "a" but that does not change the
contract and was evidently inadvertent. President Hadley and I have both
signed the agreement and I enclose it herewith.

Mr. Burnsted is lunching with me today. I am very much obliged to
you for getting hold of him. I realize very well indeed how difficult it
is to get the right man to do the kind of map we want. It is too bad
Chapman held us up so long.

Thank you for the contribution to the boys. They have just had the
messles and will be glad to receive your donation.

I meiled you yesterday a photograph of the outline map of the field
covered last time, which I think you will want to print in connection with
the announcement of the expedition. I will send you today, as you suggest,
a eight or ten good photographs including those that were published by the

National Geographic Society

WASHINGTON, D. C.

May 9, 1912

My dear Bingham:

Enclosed is our Treasurer's check for $5,000, toward the Peruvian Expedition, made payable, as you requested, to Treasurer, Yale University.

All the members of our Society and of our Board will heartily support you in the work. It has been the policy of the Board of Managers for years never to undertake any project unless it was unanimously approved by the Board. The result is that whatever we go into we support strongly and cheerfully. There is nothing more to say, except to wish you the very best of success and health.

May 10, 1912.

My dear Grosvenor:

I hoped to see more of you the other day in Washington, but had so much to do that I had to leave out everything that wasn't absolutely necessary.

It would be a convenience if you could send the Treasurer the 5,000 due June 1st as soon as possible. I should not ask this except for your kindness in saying that it would not inconvenience you in any way, and that the original idea was to have it paid on the first of May.

Faithfully yours,

May 13, 1912

My dear Bingham:

I shall be very much obliged to you if you could secure for
the National Geographic Society a series of photographs of such of
the ruins of Bolivia, Peru, etc., as have been photographed. I
thought perhaps there might be in Lima or in other places where you
may go professional collections of such of the ruins as have been
known for some time, such as those in Sacsahuaman, Cuzco, etc. Of
course I should want to make payment for any expense to which you are
put.

Thanks.

May 16, 1912

Prof. Hiram Bingham,
Hotel Belmont,
New York City

My dear Bingham:

I sent you to New Haven yesterday a copy of the magazine
containing the notice of your expedition, and have also sent a copy
to you at Hotel Belmont. We have given you a pretty good send-off,
which will arouse much interest in your expedition. I think I wrote
you that Harper & Company had no objection to our using the photo-
graphs.

In your letter of May 14 you state that the professional
photographer at Arequipa has photographs 8x10. These are exactly
what we want, and I shall be very much obliged if you can bring back
a complete collection, showing the ruins and also native Peruvian
types, and any other good South American pictures that he may have.
As most of them are for the library of the National Geographic Society,
and probably a few of them will be purchased, I should think $1 a photo-
graph would be a very generous rate, but we are willing to pay more
than this if necessary. Our usual arrangement is to pay $.75 or $1 for
photographs purchased for the library, with the understanding that we
will make an additional payment of $1 or $2 per photograph for every
photograph printed in the Magazine. He can bill us directly if you wish

Wishing you the best of luck, I am

Cuzco Peru, July 11 '12.

My dear Doctor Gannett:-

The work of the Expedition is progressing as
favorably as could be expected. The amount of bones and sherds which
we have found in the Cuzco Valley together with several undescribed
ruins of considerable importance have led me to believe that
the first thing to be done was a map of the Cuzco Valley on a
larger scale than had at first planned, and made more extensive
in connection with last year's discoveries it had been decided to
make a map of some parts of the valley but it seems to me the best
policy to include the entire Cuzco drainage on a scale of one mile
to the inch with one hundred foot contours. As this is made as
carefully as our chief topographer, Mr. Bumsted is capable of making it, it will be of great value for many years. The more I study
the Cuzco basin the more I become convinced of its great importance
historically, archaeologically and geologically, and I believe
that the very first thing that I ought to do is to make a map
upon which our future discoveries can readily be located. The making of this map as carefully as I propose to do it will take probably from two to three months but it will be a work of which we can
be proud and, as I believe, decidedly worth while.

As soon as the Cuzco map is completed the topographers will
proceed down the Urubamba Valley in accordance with the original

plan. Mr Bumsted is not a rapid worker but on the contrary is extremely careful and painstaking so that while you may have occasion to be disappointed at the small amount of country that will be covered on this expedition you will, I am sure, be gratified with the maps that are completed.

At the present time Mr. Bumsted is being assisted by Asst. Topographer Stephenson and by assistants Hardy and Little. It is not my intention to divert any of them men from his staff and it is my purpose to facilitate his work in every way possible. We also have two Peruvian men who have had considerable experience in railroad survey work.

Dr. Eaton's Department has progressed in a particularly satisfactory manner. Perhaps the most important discovery has been portions of a femur of a prehistoric mammal. It may be a Megatherium or a Toxodant, just which cannot be said until further study has been made in New Haven. Dr. Eaton has also found several fossil bones, some at considerable depths below the surface, and the work of excavating in the immediate vicinity of the so called "Glacial Bones" of last year will be deferred until the arrival of Professor Gregory. In the mean time we have definitely determined the fact that bones of sheep and cattle belonging presumably to the colonial period are to be found in the Cuzco basin interstratified with the gravel five feet below the sur-

face of the ground intimating that a large amount of aggrä-
dation has occured sometime during the last four hundred years
whereas the present epoch is one of degradation. Dr. Eaton
has also been successful in collecting human bones from var-
ious localities, particularly from stratified material.

Dr. Nelson arrived with Mr. Bumsted and the three assist-
ants. He has devoted himself chiefly during the last week to
securing different measurements of types of Cuzco Indians accord-
to suggestions furnished by Dr. Ferris of the Yale Medical School.
Dr. Nelson is showing himself to be unusually conscientious
and careful operator. Of each subject that he measures he takes
two or three photographs. The total result of his work will be
most interesting.

Mr. Heald has alre dy left for the interior with orders
to repair the goat trail that leads to the extensive ruins of
Macchu Pichu as it is my intention to go there in a few days to
begin work of excavation.

I myself have been in Cuzco about three weeks and have
already visited five or six ruins within twenty miles of Cuzco
whose existence is known to but few residents of this ancient
Inca Capital. There is an enormous amount of work to be done in
this Valley to untangle the problems of Historical Geography
and excursions that I take tend to convince me of the necessity
of a large amount of scientific exploration in the Depart-

Macchu Pichu Peru, July 30, 1912.

My dear Grosvenor:-

There are a number of people down here who
have been kind to us and who have shown great interest in the
work of the National Geographic Society. I should like to sug-
gest them for membership and if possible should like to recom-
mend that the first six be sent complimentary copies of the
magazine for a year in appreciation of their assistance;

President A.B.Leguia,Lima,Peru.
Caesar Lomellini,Cuzco,Peru.
Mr.B.H.Collins,Inca Mining Co.,Tirapata,Peru.
Mr.E.Claude P.Barber,Santa Lucia,Peru.
Mr.F.A.Corry,Southern Railways of Peru,Arequipa,Peru.
Mr.H.A.McGulloch,Arequipa,Peru.(May be a member)
Senor Alberto Duque,Cuzco,Peru.
Alberto A.Giesecke,Rector of University of Cuzco,Cuzco,Peru.
Mr. Elwood C.Erdis,care Wm.Erdis,Manayunk,Philadelphia,Pa.
Juan C.Gibson,Arequipa,Peru.
Dr.Mariano Santos,Cuzco,Peru.
Mr.L.S.Bleisdell,Arequipa,Peru.
Mr.H.A.Ballen,care W. R.Grace & Co., Lima Peru.

Faithfullynyours,

Gilbert H.Grosvenor,Esq.,
Washington,D.C.
National Geographic Society.