# PREFACE

This book grew out of a series of three lectures delivered at the Council on Foreign Relations in March 1964 under the sponsorship of its Atlantic Policy Studies. It was written at the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. This center was created in 1958 to foster the study of basic world problems by scholars from various disciplines and senior officials from the United States and abroad.

In writing this book I have benefited from the advice and assistance of many friends and colleagues. Caryl Haskins and Harold van B. Cleveland have read the entire manuscript and made many extremely valuable suggestions. Stephen Graubard was very helpful with the chapters dealing with political issues. Tom Schelling's incisive and brilliant advice contributed greatly to the chapters on strategy.

My thinking was greatly stimulated by my colleagues on the Steering Committee of the Atlantic Policy Studies of the Council on Foreign Relations. These studies deal with major problems of the Atlantic area and are financed by the Ford Foundation. The members of this committee include: Charles M. Spofford, Chairman, Hamilton Fish Armstrong, Gabriel Hauge, Klaus Knorr, Ben T. Moore, Alfred C. Neal, James A. Perkins, Eugene V. Rostow, Arnold Wolfers, John J. McCloy, Grayson Kirk, Henry M. Wriston, Frank Altschul, and George S. Franklin, Jr.

I feel especially grateful to the Carnegie Corporation and its President John Gardner. A grant from the Carnegie Corporation has facilitated my research for many years. John Gardner's wise counsel has shaped my thinking in many tangible and intangible ways.

- 2 -

Stephanie Jones copyedited the entire manuscript at several stages. It owes whatever readability it may have to her sensitive editorial hand.

Portions of this book have appeared in *Foreign Affairs*. Like every other contributor to this distinguished journal, I have benefited enormously from the patience, skill and encouragement of its editors, Hamilton Fish Armstrong and Philip Quigg.

Constant rewriting and tight deadlines have imposed a great burden on those who helped get the manuscript ready for the printer. Joan Blanchard, Margie Lynch, Therese Blazhys and Georgia Sherman have typed, proofread, checked footnotes and made themselves generally useful with good humor and great efficiency.

Peter Rodman helped with some of the research.

The subject of Atlantic relationships has in recent years produced strong passions. What seems most obvious to some appears most questionable to others. I regret that I find myself in disagreement with some men, including colleagues, whose views I greatly respect and who have contributed much to building existing Atlantic patterns. I have tried to sum up their views fairly, though of course, no summary can do full justice to them.

Needless to say, I alone am responsible for the contents and conclusions of the book.