TO THE READER.

IN the Variety of literary Productions which are uſhered into the World by a Preface to the Reader, there is no Species to which that Kind of Introduction seems more neceſſary than to that which, confifting rather of Matters of Faſt than Opinion, derives its Merit more from the Writer's Veracity than from his Talents for Compoſition. A Work of Genius ſpeaks for itſelf; in ſuch Cafe Apology is idle, and Juſtification ſuperfluous; but the Traveller who commences Author on the humbler Preſenſions of a plain and faithful Relation of what he has ſeen, whoſe Candor and Accuracy are more at ſtate than his Taſte or Judgment, cannot more effectually recommend himſelf to public Favour than by a fair Account of the Opportunities he had of being informed, the Means by which he acquired his Knowledge, and the Manner in which he collected his Faſts. The Reader of real Curioſty will expect ſome Explanation of this Kind, in order to judge what Credit this Work may deferve; and the following ſhort Narrative is intended to ſatisfy ſo reaſonable an Expectation.

In the Year 1734, ſome Gentlemen who had travelled in Italy, deſirous of encouraging, at home, a Taſte for thoſe Objeſts which had contributed ſo much to their Entertainment abroad, formed themſelves into a Society, under the Name of the DILETTANTI, and agreed upon ſuch Regulations as they thought neceſſary to keep up the Spirit of their Scheme.

b

As

## TO THE READER.

As this Narrative profiles the triptych Regard to Truth, it would be diftinge-
nuous to infnuate, that a serious Plan for the Promotion of Arts was the only
Motive for forming this Society: Friendly and Social Intercourse was, undoubtedly,
the firſt great Object in view; but while, in this reſpect, no Set of Men ever kept up
more religiouſly to their original Inſtitution, it is hoped this Work will ſhow that they
have not, for that Reaſon, abandoned the Caufe of Virtù, in which they are alſo
engaged, or forfeited their Preſenſions to that Character which is implied in the
Name they have allured.

Upon a Report of the State of the Society's Finances in the Year 1764, it appeared

Upon a Report of the State of the Society's Finances in the Year 1764, it appeared
that they were poſſeſed of a confiderable Sum above what their current Services
required. Various Schemes were propofed for applying part of this Money to ſome
Purpofe which might promote Tafe, and do Honour to the Society; and after ſome
Confideration it was resolved, " That a Perfon or Perſons properly qualified ſhould be
" ſent, with ſufficient Appointments, to certain Parts of the Eaſt, to collect Infor-
mations relative to the former State of theſe Countries, and particularly to
" procure exact Descriptions of the Ruins of ſuch Monuments of Antiquity as are
" yet to be ſeen in theſe Parts."

Three Perſons were elected for this Undertaking. Mr. CHANDLER, of Magdalen
College, Oxford, Editor of the *Marmora Oxonienſia*, was appointed to execute the
Claſſical part of the Plan. The Province of Architecture was alligned to Mr. REVETT,
who had already given a fatisfaſtory Specimen of his Accuracy and Diligence, in
his Meaſures of the Remains of Antiquity at Athens. The Choice of a proper Perſon
for taking Views, and copying Bafs Reliefs, fell upon Mr. PARS, a young Painter
of promifing Talents. A Committee was appointed to fix their Salaries, and draw up
their Inſtructions; in which, at the fame time that the different Objects of their
reſpective Departments were diſtinetly pointed out, they were all trietly enjoined
to keep a regular Journal, and hold a conſtant Correſpondence with the Society.

They embarked, on the ninth of June, 1764, in the Anglicana, Captain STEWART,
bound for Conſtantinople, and were put on ſhore at the Dardanelles on the twenty
fifth of Auguſt. Having viſited the Sigéan Promontory, the Ruins of Troas, with
the Iſlands of Tenedos and Scio, they arrived at Smyrna on the eleventh of September.
From that City, as their Head-Quarters, they made ſeveral Excurſions. On the twen-
tieth of Auguſt, 1765, they failed from Smyrna, and arrived at Athens on the thirty
firſt of the fame Month, touching at Sunium and Ægina in their way. They ſtaid at
Athens

## TO THE READER.

Athens till the eleventh of June, 1766, viſing Marathon, Eleufis, Salamis, Megara,
and other Places in the Neighbourhood. Leaving Athens, they proceeded, by the
little Iſland of Calauria, to Troezene, Epidaurus, Argos, and Corinth. From this
they viſited Delphi, Patræ, Elis, and Zante, whence they failed, on the thirty firſt of
Auguſt, in the Diligence Brig, Captain LONG, bound for Briftol, and arrived in
England the ſecond of November following.

The Materials which they brought home were thought not unworthy of the Pub-
lic: The Society therefore directed them to give a Specimen of their Labours out of
what they had found moſt worthy of Obſervation in Ionia; a Country in many reſpects
curious, and perhaps, after Attica, the moſt deferving the Attention of a Clauſical Tra-
veller. Athens, it is true, having had the good Fortune to poſſeſ more original Genius
than ever was collected in ſo narrow a Compafs at one Period, reaped the Fruits of lite-
rary Competition in a degree that never fell to the lot of any other People, and has
been generally allowed to fix the Æra which has done moſt Honour to Science, and
to take the lead among the antient Greek Republics in matters of Tafe: However,
it is much to be doubted, whether, upon a fair Enquiry into the Rife and Progreſs
of Letters and Arts, they do not, upon the whole, owe as much to Ionia,
and the adjoining Coaſt, as to any Country of Antiquity. The Knowledge
of Nature was firſt taught in the Ionic School: And as Geometry, Aſtronomy,
and other Branches of the Mathematics, were cultivated here ſooner than in
other Parts of Greece, it is not extraordinary that the firſt Greek Navigators,
who paffed the Pillars of Hercules, and extended their Commerce to the Ocean,
ſhould have been Ionians. Here Hiflory had its Birth, and here it acquired a
confiderable degree of Perſection. The firſt Writer, who reduced the Knowledge
of Medicine, or the Means of preferving Health, to an Art, was of this Neigh-
bourhood: And here the Father of Poetry produced a Standard for Compoſi-
tion, which no Age or Country have dared to depart from, or have been able to
furpaſs. But Architecture belongs more particularly to this Country than to any
other; and of the three Greek Orders it ſeems juſtly entitled to the Honour of
having invented the two firſt, though one of them only bears its Name; for
though the Temple of Juno at Argos ſuggelted the general Idea of what was after
called the Doric, its Proportions were firſt eſtabliſhed here. As to the other Arts
which alſo depend upon Deſign, they have flourißhed no where more than in Ionia;
nor has any Spot of the fame Extent produced more Painters and Sculptors of
diftinguilhed Talents.

Among

iv TO THE READER.

Among the Remains of Antiquity which have hitherto escaped the Injuries of Time, there are none in which our Curiosity is more interested than the Ruins of those Buildings which were driftinglyihed by VITRUVIUS, and other antient Writers, for their Elegance and Magnificence. Such are the Temple of BACCHUS at Teos, the Country of ANACREON; the Temple dedicated to MINERVA, at Priene, by ALEXANDER of Macedon; and the famous Temple of APOLLO DIDYMÆUS, near Miletus. However mutilated and decayed the Buildings now are, yet purely every Fragment is valuable, which preserves, in fome degree, the Ideas of Symmetry and Proportion which prevailed at that happy Period of Tafte.

Thus far the Society have thought proper, both in Justice to the Public, and to
the Authors of the following Work, to give a short Account of the original Occa-
fion of the Undertaking, and of the Manner in which it has been hitherto conduc ted.
They have directed the Plates of this Specimen to be engraved at their Expence, in
hopes that it may encourage the Editors to proceed upon the remaining Materials
of their Voyage, which will be put into their Hands with that View.

The Head-Piece prefixed to this Preface represeats a Bafs
Relief at Sigon, on a fine Piece of white Marble, which seems
to have been a Pedestal. It is placed as a Seat on one side of
the Door of the Greek Church, which has the famous Sigfan
Inscription placed for the fame purpose, on the other. It was
culnomy among the Greeks to config their Infants to the

tutelary Care of fome Delay. The Repreſentation of that
Uſage ſeems to be the Subject of this Sculpture.

The Tail-Piece is taken from a Bafs Relief over a Door
near the Bazar at Scio. The Subject seems to be the Death of
Semell.

C H A P T E R I.

The Temple of BACCHUS at TEOS.

A MONG the many Volumes which have perifhed by time and accident, or been purpofely deftroyed, the Lover of rational Architecture will particularly regret the invaluable Treatises on that noble art once extant, written by Mafters equally eminent for Genius and Science, and laudably intent on ſhowing how both were united in the ftructures they had raifed; by demon-ſtrating the Principles on which they proceeded; marking the propriety of the Difpofition, the Proportion, and Ornaments, they had invented or adopted; and explaining the harmony and ſymmetry of their Deſign : tranſmitting, with the Fabric, its Hiftory to future ages.

The memory of ſeveral of theſe antient Worthies is preferred to us by VITRUVIUS, (a) who
diftinguifhes, in this meritorious number, the great Architeſts of the two magniſcent Temples at
TEOS and PRIENE. If their Difſtentions yet remained, with what pleasure would the curious
Artift compare, correcſ, and ſupply this Work! As it is, he muſt contemplate with concern
theſe rich fragments, as all that can be ſaved from the general wreck; and, while he admires
and improves, may ſtill rejoice that the Authors are not become mere names, like many in
the Catalogue, but at leaſt ſurvive thus far.

TEOS

(a) Poſſaſt Silenæus de ſymmetris Doricorum edicti volumen.
De æde Junonis, quæ eſ Sami, Doricæ, Theodorus, Ionicæ Epheti,
quæ eſ Dianæ, Cæſiphon et Metægænæ. De ſano Minervæ,
monopteros (ſed legend. Dipteros). VITRUV. Prof. Lib. vii.

12

THE TEMPLE OF BACCHUS.

FIG. III. A Section through the Soffit of the Architrave, which has a Compartment furrounded with an Ovolo wrought alfo flat. The Mouldings of this fragment are executed with great accuracy and neatness.

FIG. IV. A Pedestal, and square Bafe, of one piece of white marble, near the South Gate at SEGIZECK. The Mouldings of the Bafe project over the Die of the Pedestal.

These marbles have a place here, as it is not doubted but they belonged formerly to Taos.

PLATE VI.

The Contents of the preceding Plate fladed.

TAIL-PIECE.

The Trunk of a FEMALE FIGURE, about half as big as life, lying in a Turkish Burying-ground on the South side of SEGIZECK.

D. Burdett's Selp

Caption L.P. 1.

THE TEMPLE OF APOLLO DIDYMÆUS.

Cleoneans at DELPHI, as a memorial of their deliverance from a Plague, on sacrificing, as they were adviced to do, a Goat to APOLLO, or the Sun, at his riling. (i)

FIG. II. A Corinthian Capital, which belonged to a Semi-column within the Wall which separated the Naos from the Pronaos.

This Capital was too imperfect to complete the Meaures; but the Compoftion being singular, it is given here, as it was found. The Diameter of the Column is made the height of the Campana or Vafe of the Capital, being the fame Proportion as in the Column of MENANDER at MYLASA, and in thofe of the Porticoes of the Tower of ANDRONIUS CYRRESTES at ATHENS.

FIG. III. A Section through the Front of this Capital.

FIG. IV. The width of the bottom of the Abacus, with the depth of its Curve.

FIG. V. A Cymatium.

Several pieces remain thrown down within the Naos. It probably finifhed the internal Face of the Walls of the Naos, as four inches from the bottom of thefe pieces are left rough, like the internal Face of the Wall in the back Front of the Temple.

PLATE X.

THE Frize and Capital in the foregoing Plate fladed; but in the place of the Section of the Capital, the Curve of the Abacus, and the Cymatium, an Elevation is given of half the fame Capital reflored upon a larger Scale, to communicate a more perfect Idea of its Effect when entire.

HEAD-PIECE.

A Fragment of a Capital upon the heap of Ruins at the North-West Angle of the Temple. The Ornaments, which spring from the bottom of the Leaves under the Figure are unintel- ligible. The height of it, including its Abacus, is three feet eleven inches and five tenths, which exceeds the height of the Capitals of the Pilafters by one foot two inches; though the Abacus has the fame height in both, and the fame projecture; but in this Capital it has only two Mouldings, an Ovolo, and a Plinth, instead of the Cavetto and Fillet, as in the others, introduced here by miftake; and thefe were omitted in the Capital on account of the great Relief of the Ornaments, it being much higher than in the Capitals of the Pilafters.

This appears to have been one of the angular Capitals of the Cell, and probably answered to thofe of the Ante in the front of the Pronaos; for the Capitals of the Ante muft have been different

different from thofe of the Pilafters, as both the external and internal Face of the former ought here to be the fame as the Front.

The Plants about the Capital are the Fig, with the wild Maſtic, and Oleaſter, which occurred on the spot. The Sheep ſhow the comparative ſize of the Stone.

TAIL-PIECE.

THE Front and Profile of a Capital of the Pilafters, in which the Compoſition of the Foliage is ſomething different from that already given.

This, as alſo the Head-piece, is drawn on the fame Scale with the other parts of the Edifice. The Figures are deſigned to give an Idea of the Size, without recurring to the Meaures.