October 12th, 1891.

J. R. Wood, G. P. A.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sir:

When I reached West Shore Station in New York on my way to New Paltz last Tuesday, I found that the train we had depended on to get to New Paltz that evening had been taken off and that there was no connection by that route so that we could get to New Paltz before the next forenoon, too late for the opening of the Convention. I, therefore, purchased tickets by Campbell Hall & Wallkill Valley Road to New Paltz. On our return we met with the same difficulty. Wishing to have a few hours in New York we could not come down on an early train by the West Shore route, and consequently we were compelled either to miss our opportunity to attend to affairs in New York or remain over. I, therefore, purchased tickets back by the Wallkill Valley, and Ontario & Western route and took off the train from Jersey City to New Paltz going up, and from Jersey City coming back on eight tickets. The ninth ticket, the part from New Paltz to Jersey City, was used by one of my boys whom I sent home earlier and

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 20

J. R. W., 2.

who could spend the time to come by that route. Our tickets
from New York to New Paltz cost us $2.21 each for 9, making
$19.89; from New Paltz back to Jersey city cost us $2.25 each
for 8, - $18.00, - a total of $37.89.

I should be greatly obliged if you can arrange the
redemption of the enclosed coupons for me as explained above
to cover as much of this extra expenditure as possible.

Yours truly,

Capt. & Sup't.

VOL. 20

21

Oct. 13th, 1891.

Foot,

Gare Robert American Horse,
Corn Creek,
Pine Ridge Agency, S. D.

My dear Friend:

Your son, Phillips, is doing so well here that it would be wrong to send him away, even though the need be as great as you estimate it. He is in good health, is an exceptionally good boy and should be allowed to finish his education.

VOL. 20

Oct. 13th, 1891.

Dr. Carlos Montezuma,
White Rock, Nev.

My dear Friend:

I was sorry that you were not present at the great Indian Conference at Lake Mohawk. It would have done you no end of good. Some of the most prominent thinkers in the country were there and for three days the war of ideas carried on led to conclusions which you will find in the next Red Man.

Write me early in January about your party.

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24

October 13th, 1891.

Mrs. Helen R. Duncan,

Charles City, Iowa.

Dear Mrs. Duncan:

I have been away from home for a week.
So far, I think your boy is doing very well. He evidently
has had a hard life; his face shows that and his behavior.
I trust, under the benign influences and associations of Car-
lisle, that he will bound up.

The letters you speak of were returned by me to
Mr. Belt, and if you have not received them back they are
still in the Indian Office. You will secure the information
you seek in regard to helping to work out the Indian problem
better by direct correspondence with General Morgan than any
other way. Genl. Morgan is to be in Lawrence, Kas., about
the middle of November r.

The Indian Helper address is changed and a copy of
the Red Man is sent you as requested.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 20

October 13th, 1891.

Thos. W. Potter,

Fort Totten, N. D.

My dear Potter:

I have your letter and must say to you that I had no idea that you had an idea of opposing my policy; in fact, I am sure that you look upon what you are doing as co-operation. I only explained to you how it looked to me. Mind you, I have helped you up there and want to help you more whenever I can do so fairly in our own interests as well as yours.

I anticipate the pleasure of meeting your superintendent at Lawrence this month.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 20

36

October 16th, 1891.

Juliet L. Axtell,

Lake Forest, Ill.

Dear Madam:

I greatly appreciate your warm interest in the welfare of the Indian race. I appreciate also the labors of Mr. Hedley, but still I am unable to change my mind in regard to the utility of the sign language. Ever since the whites landed on this continent, there have been those of our own race who have, unselfishly and most devotedly, and under circumstances of great self-denial and danger even, given themselves to the advancement, as they thought, of the Indian race, through some special lines or devices, calculated to make the entree of the Indians into civilization comfortable and gradual. In the course of my work for the Indians I have followed and seen the results of these devices and have come to look upon all of them as really harmful. There is in the perpetuity of the Indian sign language and in the perpetuity of the Indian word language, and in the perpetuity of his habits and customs nothing but

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37

J. L. A., 2.

delay and disaster. The Indian is led to think that he is a separate being, not exactly a part of the great human family and that he himself must play upon the situation, and it is not necessary for him to take upon himself the qualities of other men. He is by these contrivances held aloof and apart.

The sign language which you propose to perpetuate must be learned; it is quite as difficult to learn that language as it is to learn the English language. I myself have some proficiency in it, having served as a cavalryman with the Indians more than eight years before I went into this special work. I commanded Indians or had charge of Indian tribes almost the entire period of my active service on the frontier.

Whatever Mr. Hedley may have learned in his bout among the Indians, I feel warranted in saying that there is no such general knowledge of the sign language as would make his scheme at once and fully specially useful to the Indians.

The Cheyennes and Arapahoes, Kiowas, and Comanches are specially proficient in the use of the sign language, but even among these Indians the knowledge is not by any means general.

The great Sioux family have little knowledge of it.

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38

J. L. A., 3.

I wish to be, and think I am, entirely honest with
you in what I say and shall not enter into further contra-
versy about it, but must tell you that my feeling, born of
more than 24 years experience in handling Indians, will not
permit me to think otherwise than that this plan of Mr. Had-
ley's does not open any such door as you apprehend. It
would be better, - ten thousand times better, - that every one
of our 250,000 Indians were scattered here and there amongst
the whites to learn their lessons in civilization, to take
on the English language instantly, and without the help of
special schools, or teachers or schemes of any kind. I
believe it is the duty of all true friends of the Indians to
do those things which will get them out of the tribes and
away from each other and disintegrate instead of doing those
things which will encourage them to hang together."

Sincerely yours,

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48

October 16th, 1891.

Mrs. White Shield,

Cantonment, I. T.

My dear Friend:

You have sons at home who have received good education and are more able to help you than Mark. Mark, as you know, is quite a little boy yet and should be much better educated than he is before he quits school. I think your duty to your children requires that you give them the opportunity of education which they have without cost to you and to make some sacrifices yourself in order to do that. If your children at home do not help to take care of you I should be afraid that Mark might be of the same kind and that the sending of him home would be no special advantage to you.

We must make the Indian boys and girls the equal of the whites in education and in skill in farming and mechanics, and so on. Unless we can do that they will always be under and weak and the white man will get the better of them. Mark is a good strong healthy boy, bright and capable, and you have reason to be proud of his success so far.

Your friend,

VOL. 20

October 16th, 1891.

B. H. Carpenter,

51 West Market Street,
Wilkesbarre, Pa.

Dear Sirs:

Replying to your inquiry in regard to the Star Water Tube Boiler, I can say that our experience with these boilers has been entirely satisfactory. We had one of their small boilers in use heating our school room building, two containing 328,000 cubic feet, and for 20 years it gave us better satisfaction than either one of four other kinds we had in use in different buildings for the same purpose. It produces steam quicker and the consumption of fuel is less than by any other boiler. We have just set and we have now in use two 100 h. p. boilers made by this firm which are heating all the buildings on the grounds. I have taken out and dispensed with nine small boilers which we had in separate buildings. I see no reason why these boilers should not be as durable as other boilers, and if properly equipped with automatic dampers think they can be cared for quite as easily.

VOL. 20

B. H. C., 2.

as a furnace by any janitor of ordinary intelligence.

As to their capacity for power work I have no
experience. I believe the company makes them specially
strong for this purpose and can see no reason to apprehend
why they may not be as useful for power work as other boilers.

VOL. 20

58

Oct. 20, 1891.

Rev. William S. Hubbell,
379 Pearl Street,
Buffalo, N. Y.

My dear Doctor!

I send you 6 blanks which will be ample for
the different places. You can enter 12 or 15 names on each
blank. The children should be carefully examined by a
physician and his certificate should be upon each list.
When we go out from the school to bring in children, we have
them stripped and examined, same as in the army. Of course,
ladies can look after the girls under the doctor's direction,
but we must know that they are free from complaints that
would endanger the work we do for them. None but healthy
ones should be sent.

It would be much better for them to come well clad
in suite of their own selection. We have, of course, uni-
form suits here but we have also other suits and it would be
helpful to us if they come with some clothing. We want
none under 12, and preferably none over 18, though in an ex-
ceptional case or two we should not object, provided there

VOL. 20

W. S. H., 2.

were special conditions requiring consideration.

It is just as well to have some one to look out for the girls and some one for the boys on route. Generally we select an older and level headed member of the party, but sometimes we have ladies. We require our students coming in to start with lunch sufficient to bring them through. It is no special hardship for them to do this and it is a great saving in expense. We send children from the school to the remotest points in the same manner, giving them a lunch basket to last four or five, or even six, days, and they take care of themselves on route.

I can get you a half rate from any point on the Northern Central, or the Phila. & Erie. If you should take the train at Corry or Warren I can have as many tickets placed there for you, at half rate, as you may need, or if you should take the train at Elmira I could do the same thing.

As for yourself, your sleeping accommodations, etc., I always take the best. For the students it is not necessary especially for one night. We never give our students sleeping car accommodations unless their health demands; they are out for three or four or five nights and get on all right, just as other people do.

I do not think of any further instructions I can

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77

October 23rd, 1891.

Joel B. Archiquette,
Nashotah, Wis.

My dear Joel:

You are at the college with my good friend, Dr. Reilly, if I understand you right. Please give him my kindest regards. I hope that in going to college and assuming the position you have you are not spoiling a good farmer. If it amounts to that I shall be very very sorry. Really you were well fitted for your vocation as farmer and might have been one of the foremost in your part of the country, but it may be that you can become a very useful man in professional lines. I hope and pax pray that that is so.

All goes well with us at Carlisle and we are always glad to hear from you, my boy, and not only glad to hear from you but exceedingly glad to hear that you stand by your colors.

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82

Oct. 23rd, 1891.

James R. Killis,

Shinnecock Reservation,

Long Island, N. Y.

My dear Sir:

Your letter asking to become a student at Carlisle received. Tell me how old you are, how much you have been in school? Are you in good health? What do you want to learn, and why do you not go into the Public schools where you are, which would be far better for you than any Indian school? Even the Carlisle school cannot do you as much good as the Public schools of the State of New York can do you, if you pitch in and use them. Why not do that? Tell me all about it so that I may know what I ought to do. I can hardly tell from just having your letter briefly saying you wish to come here.

Your friend,

Capt. & Sup't.

VOL. 20

October 26th, 1891.

Levi Levering,

Bellevue College,
Bellevue, Neb.

Dear Levi:

Thank you for your letter telling me so much about yourself and your college life. I trust you will make the very best use you can of the very wonderful privileges you are having, - far better than I enjoyed when I was a boy, so we may reasonably expect you to be a better man than I have been. I congratulate you upon your being a member of the quartette and feel sure you can hold up your basso pro- funde end. We are well settled down to work now, occupying part of the girls' quarters, the boiler house is under cover, the office building almost ready for occupancy, steam pipes all laid and running fairly well and the general school work going forward satisfactorily.

I must refer you to the Indian Helper for general info about us.

VOL. 20

October 26th, 1891.

Mrs. S. R. Riggs,

629 Harrison Avenue,
Beloit, Wis.

Dear Mrs. Riggs:

Mrs. Pratt has undertaken the mess until January 1st, so that the teachers may have ample chance to look the ground over and to select such person as they want. I have referred your letter to the president of the mess association, Miss Cutter, and it will be considered in connection with all the others who apply. It may be well for me to inform you that the mess is a joint stock company, managed by the members, of whom there are upwards of 30; they pay each $3 per week to the mess-keeper and are relieved from all responsibility of every sort, in regard to hire of servants, furnishing of fuel, light, purchase of supplies, general management, etc. The mess-keeper has the accommodations, the house, stove and furniture, both table and kitchen. She undertakes entire care and management of affairs and gets her pay from whatever she may save on the $3 per week allowance. Inasmuch as boarding house keepers in the town of Carisle can pay rent and cover all their own expenses, and provide

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92

S. R. R., 2.

board for $2.50 and $3.00 per week, it would seem as though
the position here at the school should give a good salary.
We shall know better after Mrs. Pratt's experiences. You
should know that the market in the town is open Wednesday
and Saturday mornings, beginning at 6 o'clock in the winter
and 4 o'clock in the summer. No supplies of any kind are
purchased from the government, there being an abundant supply
to be had in the town, and as reasonable as government rates.
The principal difficulty here is in getting and keeping a
well-proper cook. The colored help is exceedingly precar-
tious, - here to-day and away to-morrow. I allow the Indian
girls to wait on the tables and they are paid a small sum per
week by the mess-keeper. A good cook will cost $6 per week,
and there should be an assistant at $4.

I place these facts before you and suggest that
you correspond directly with Miss E. A. Cutter.

VOL. 20

October 31st, 1891.

Alexander Yellowwolf,
Medicine Root Creek,
Pine Ridge Agency, S. D.

My dear Alexander:

I have your letter and am, as you know,
always glad to hear from you. I believe you are trying to
do right just as you did when here in Carlisle. I am sure,
too, that you do not have the chance where you are that any
one ought to have who desires to do right. I am sorry for
your sickness and trust that it may be only temporary.
Glad to know that you have a big wagon and a spring wagon
and some horses and cows.

It may be a piece of good fortune to be married,
and then, too, it may be a misfortune, so that I cannot pro-
nounce judgment on that feature of your case. However, I
believe you are doing what you believe to be for your own
best good.

I am sorry to hear what you say about Louis Drew-
on-Head, but I think we could hardly expect anything else
from him, - he seemed to be incorrigibly Indian in his habits.
You remember we had hard work to get him above the swill

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125

Personal.

Nov. 6, 1891.

Hon. T. J. Morgan,

Commr. of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C.

My dear General:

I return the papers of Miss Caryl. We have only one of the allowed positions as teacher vacant. I had intended that one other, which I asked you a short time ago to cancel and give to Miss Lord, who has charge of our dressmaking, with a less salary, as contingencies, in case we were filled to the utmost; otherwise, to save the salary. The other remaining one I had arranged to use in the payment of a teacher in execution and vocal gymnastics. Miss Adelia Rankin, who has served and has good report of work in several schools, was to come and stay a month, beginning on 10th of this month. We really have no need of a teacher, beyond what I say above, and if we had the place it would be burdensome to take Miss Caryl and pull her through to ability in teaching, and then give her up.

We have now in the girls' quarters 224 girls to work after, and it proves more of a care to do it properly from Miss Dittes and Miss Cummins ought to have, and I have

VOL. 20

Nov. 10, 1891.

Dr. L. Webster Fox,
1304 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Doctor:

The bearer, Henry Phillips, has been at
Carlisle four years. He is a Thlinket, from Alaska. He
has been ordinarily in excellent health, but latterly his
health has not seemed so good and his eyes are the cause of
particular distress to him. He can explain his own case to
you better than I can, and I shall be very greatly obliged,
my dear doctor, if you will give him a special overhauling
and us the course best to pursue with reference to his treat-
ment. If you think he should wear glasses, please give him
the necessary order on Mr. Zineman and let the bill come to
me.

Thanking you for all your great kindness to us in
the past, and beforehand for what you may do for us in this
case.

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152

J. M. H., S.

Education Bill, and if you will read the Commissioner's plan for enforcement, on the last page of the last Red Man, you will see he assumes that he has the right. The whole matter is working forward to that. Congress has no right to ex- pend the peoples' money in building up tribes here and there who will not consort with the rest of the people. If it is the determination of the Indians to remain as a festering parasite on our body politic, the sooner we quit all sorts of school systems and chuck them into poor houses, where such people ought to go, the better. If it is not possible to arouse in them ambitions to become of us, to compete with us, to be men and women in this land, I say we had better quit school entirely. The best mission work we can do is to build a lot of poor houses, gather them in and take care of them until they are gone.

You ask, - "Fourth, - Don't you think the plan is possible, or at least practicable, if at all, only with young Indians, boys and girls?" To this I answer, No, we may take Indians who are somewhat advanced in years and help them. If the policy of giving the Indians opportunities in our civilization is adopted, we can just as well make use of them as farmers helps, and in other ordinary labor capacities, as Buffalo Bill can make use of them to take about the country.

VOL. 20

J. M. M., 4.

dance and howl for his gain. I would not declare specially in favor of boys and girls, because there are many able bodied men of mature years, 25 to 35, and even 40, who would, if the way were open for them to earn money, wander out from the reservation, at least for a time, and I want to say that every day that you can get an Indian away from the reservation and get him into association with our people, on any respectable industrial lines, is a vast benefit to him, whether he is an old Indian or a young Indian. We can afford to be big and generous in this cause, and we need not belittle anything that we could, would, might or ought to do, by any declaration that we only purpose taking hold of certain ages or certain classes.

With most cordial regards to yourself and Mrs.

Hark,

Faithfully yours,

VOL. 20

Nov. 20, 1891.

Mr. L. John Ellis,

304 Jackson Avenue,
New Orleans, La.

My dear Mrs. Ellis:

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173

(2)

idea of the school is that the Indian ought to be a component
part of the population of the country, and that in order to
find his place and his home as such, he should mix with the
people and participate in their education, industry and all
their other civil and political affairs; in other words, that
civilization, self-help, industry, education, etc., are not
to be secured for him and by him on theoretical lines but that
they must be given to him along practical lines and become a
part of his every day experience.
The school is located
in the midst of a pushing, energetic, educated, industrial
population, and the students are brought as much as possible
into daily contact with the people.
The school undertakes
as its part to overcome the prejudice, timidity and want of
knowledge of the English language that the Indian labors
under because of his birth, his prejudice and home surround-
ings.
That it is successful in these lines is shown by the
fact that it is an English speaking school throughout, al-
though more than half of its students came without any know-
ledge of the English language, and most of those who had any
knowledge of the English language on their arrival at the
school were so limited in its knowledge as to find themselves
quite helpless in any business or other affairs in competi-
tion or intercourse with the English speaking people of the

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200

Nov. 30, 1891.

Rev. Wm. H. Miller,
Bryn Mawr, Pa.

My dear friend:

President Gates and I have been corresponding not a little with Henry Kendall and I have information of the conditions surrounding him from others at Isarta and Albuquerque. It has seemed to both Prest. Gates and myself that it would be far better for Henry to return east and go on with his college work, and he has arranged his affairs to do that, but it devolves upon us to look out for his expenses. May I hope that you will stand by me for one half, - $150? Prest Gates thinks he can get the rest from some quarter.

We are getting on very well, - almost 800 pupils to look after. Eleven of these are out in higher schools and colleges for whose expenses I have to beg, the Department having determined not to allow public money to be used for the higher education of Indians. I do wish you would come up and see us.

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327

January 5th, 1892.

Miss Alice M. Robertson,

Muskogee, Ind. Ty.

Dear Miss Robertson:--

Since the receipt of yours of the 16th of December, I have been out in Kansas, at the convention of Superintendents, at Lawrence, and have been very much occupied since my return with several matters pushing from Washington, and the accumulated correspondence.

I am sorry that you should be annoyed by anything that appears in the Red Man. Certainly it could not have been anything bad about you, or it would not have brought the momentous propositions. However, when I see that the gentleman takes you for an Indian, I remember that two letters from him, to two of our Indian girls at different times, have come to my attention, and I fear there is not much advantage to be gained from his acquaintance. I wrote him sharply some two or three weeks ago, because he wrote to one of our Indian girls whose name he had seen in the Helper. His letter to her was so like yours that I refrain from reading yours all through. However, from what he says is his style of beauty I think you stand a poor chance in competition with either of the Indian girls, so that there is really very little danger.

VOL. 20

Miss A. M. R. --3

Thank you, my dear Miss Robertson, for the information you can give us about some of our former pupils. There is to be a good deal of talk about returned pupils if the apprehensions that come to me from the Department are to be relied upon, and I shall be glad to use the information you have furnished, and anything additional you may be able to send.

I hear only good accounts of your work for the Creek girls. I join with you most emphatically in the desire for the speedy dissolution of the tribal governments.

I was asked, the other day, to become a Commissioner to go down among them for some purpose. I do not know exactly what, but I indicated to the Department that possibly some one else would be able to serve them better, as I have in times past somewhat crowded the oligarchic conditions there, and might not, for that reason, be just the right sort of a Commissioner.

We are all delighted, and especially myself, with the arrival of a scion for the house of Pratt, and that he should be named at once Richard Henry, and telegraph he in his own name, within an hour of his arrival, indicates great promise.

With kind regards, and best wishes, I am.

VOL. 20

341

January 8th, 1891.

To
Rose Aubrey,
Purcell Fowles,
Martha Ellis,
Isabella Willis,
Fanny Bird,
Lydia Gardiner,
Jeanette Rice,
Bruce Fisher,
Bessie G. Gotholda,
Sarah Petoskey.

My dear school-children:

Your pleasant letters come to me
while I am sick, and as I read them over I feel that they
helps to make me well. It was a great pleasure to me to
give you the baskets, scissors and other things to help you
learn, and I can say to all your thanks, most heartily, you
are welcome.

I am glad to know by your letters that you are making
good use of the means afforded you to improve yourselves.
That is the most important thing. Your books, your baskets,
your scissors, and even your teachers, are only things given
to you to make use of for your improvement. If you are
earnest and diligent in making use of the advantages you have,
they may lift you rapidly into intelligent manhood and woman-
hood; but if you do not make good use of them you may easily

VOL. 20

345

January 8th, 1891.

Mrs. Laura Doanmoc,

Anadarko, O. T.

Dear Friend:

I wrote you almost immediately after Richard and Otto arrived, telling you of his arrival. Richard is in the best of health; he is in the care of Mrs. Given and sleeps in her room. She has had little suits and an overcoat made for him, and he comes to and from his meals under the care of one of the best of the older boys. He has been going to school a half day, and he and Dr. Dixon's little girl, about his age, make a class by themselves. He seems very happy now, though at first he seemed homesick and would not eat for two or three meals.

I shall get Mrs. Given to write you occasionally of him as she can give more particulars. Be assured that we shall do all we can to make him happy and contented and improve him.

VOL. 20

1 En.

January 8th, 1891.

Hon. Thomas B. Kennedy,

Prest., C. V. R. R.,

Chambersburg, Pa.

My dear Sir:

For your kindness in continuing the courtesy
of your Road to me for '92, I am very greatly obliged; also
for the good wishes accompanying the same, which I most
heartily reciprocate.

VOL. 20

349

Jan. 11, 1892.

H. D. Patterson,
Sanborn, N. Y.

My dear Sir!

I have yours informing me that you procured
the sending of Guy Patterson, Hans Williams, Eddie Johnathan,
Lafayette Printup and Catherine and Flora Patterson here.

Your views are right. If the children are to get
themselves into any intelligent shape for the duties of life,
they must not be afraid to give all their young years and
energies to school. I note what you say in reference to any
becoming sick and shall endeavor to meet your views.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 20

354

Jan. 11, 1891.

Mrs. Harriet A. Lucas,
1224 Arch Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Madam:

Referring to yours of yesterday, I have to respectfully advise you that the Indian Educational Exhibit at the World's Fair is, so far as I know, not in any shape whatever. At the request of the Department, I drew up a plan for the Indian exhibit, covering education and all other features that seemed to me should come under the supervision and direction of the Department. I made an estimate ($240,000) therefor. I believe the Department cut it down to about $200,000. The allowance made to the Department was, at first, $5,000, and afterwards increased to $15,000, covering all features of the Department's exhibit. This was so entirely inadequate, and coming as it did after the Fair Commission had given $150,000 for an ethnological display of the Indians, that I lost interest in it, and determined that if it came to an issue I would endeavor to make the best display I could of Carlisle and let it go at that. General Morgan desired me to undertake the management of the Indian

VOL. 20

Mrs. L., 2.

Educational Exhibit, but because of the small allowance, and
for other reasons pertinent to myself, I declined.

It is plain to me that the great Indian Exhibit is
to be along the lines of savagery, and that any display of
the better side, and of possibilities and probabilities in
the lines of civilization and education, is not specially
wanted.

You have the correct idea. Government management
is an obstructive management, always has been, and probably
always will be. What has been done at Carlisle and Lincoln
is very largely due to Pennsylvania interest and help.

I am not prepared to say that I can join you in any
exhibit outside of the Government. Mrs. Pratt, however, is
one of your local committee here and has some notions to
present to them along the lines of woman's work.

The young Indian girl who graduates as a trained
nurse is probably our Phoebe Howell, from the Penna. Hospital.
We have two others who have already graduated and are earning
from $15 to $25 per week in and about Hartford, Conn. If it
is Phoebe you speak of I can hardly now consent to your wish
to that she come to the Woman's Building. I should want to know
all the circumstances and conditions. We too often spoil
what might be our best work by too much exhibition of it.

Yours sincerely,

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364

Jan. 14, 1882.

Levi Levering,

Bellevue College,

Bellevue, Neb.

My dear Levi:

We did not see your college President, - at least, he did not come while I was here, and I have had no word of his being here. I was away a week during the holidays at Lawrence, Kansas.

Thank you for what you say about James Wolf. I am entirely sure that you are right and shall act upon your suggestion. I am always glad, dear Levi, to have you talk to me just as frankly in all matters as you have in this. I am obliged to you, too, for your personal and kindly expressions which, as you know, I always most cordially reciprocate.

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369

Jan. 15, 1892.

Rev. William C. Covert,
1990 Inglehart Street,
Marion Park, St. Paul, Minn.

My dear Sir:

I have been ill and delayed answer to yours of
9th. Thank you for your encouraging word.

In answer to your question, "Do you consider the
Indian capable of thorough and permanent civilization and
christianization," I most unhesitatingly say, Yes, I know
he is capable of these, as well as all other things belonging
to our human lot. The young men and young women of many
tribes, even the worst tribes, within my knowledge, are
rapidly giving a strong affirmative answer to your question.
A man who does not know Christianity should not be blamed for
not being a Christian, neither should a man who does not know
civilization be blamed for not being civilized. I send you
a former report and a paper of mine.

The four Indians that were with Rev. J. B. Wickers,
Paris Hill, N. Y. were, as you perhaps know, returned to
their tribes and isolated from the influences of both civil-
ization and Christianity. One, Zetem, was for a long time

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381

Jan. 16, 1892.

Joe Nahmais,

Round Lake, Wis.

My dear Mr. Nahmais:

My reports in regard to Willie are good. I know him to be in good hands. He is going to a good country school, and in all respects I know him to be better situated, if he is to learn to be a man, independent and capable to manage affairs, than he would be if he were here at Carlisle. You object to his work; at that I am surprised. It is honorable to work, it is dishonorable not to work. If he is ever going to be anything in this world he has got to begin to work. It will not be practicable for me to send him home, even though you sent the money. He must stick it out, - for his own good he must stick it out and because he came here for that purpose. Trust me, Mr. Nahmais, to do what is right and best for your boy.

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385

Jan. 18, 1892.

Philip Gruett,

Mt. Pleasant, Mich.

My dear Mr. Gruett:

Your letter to Mr. Standing in reference
to Mrs. Cebmoosa's two sons, received. It is not at all
practicable for us to make changes at this season of the
year, nor is it best for them to forfeit any portion of the
time for which they came. Men of any sort cannot be made
under such changeable conditions. The boys are learning
trades, are in good health, and are getting on well in school
and everything points to the necessity of keeping them right
down to good hard school work. I trust this may become the
wish and constant recommendation of the parents.

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386

Jan. 18, 1892.

Mr. Edward H. Foote,
414 Gates Avenue,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dear Sir:

I have years of 16th advising of your wishes in regard to the course of my address, etc. I shall follow, as near as I can, what you desire.

I must express to you what is impressed upon me after reading your letter and Mr. McFadden's, and that is that you have probably made a mistake in calling in a person from such distance, who is so little familiar with your work, to speak upon a work in such a purely local strain as you desire. I question whether the minister of the church would not serve you far better and accomplish more for you than I could. Having no acquaintance whatever with the people or their needs, I feel quite a little handicapped. However, I can not to blame for my selection and do not wish to retire from such a duty, and I shall do the best I can to serve you in the lines you have indicated.

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389

Jan. 18, 1892.

Delia Strong,

Mt. Pleasant, Mich.

Dear Miss Strong:

Your brother is out from us for the winter. You know it is our custom to have our students, during the course of their five years with us, to spend part of the time in the country, and in the Public schools of the State, studying and reciting with white children. This has proven to be a valuable method of giving them experience, teaching them good English and making them feel more manly.

In regard to your coming here, I cannot encourage you now, because we are full and all of our money to pay Railroad fares for this year has been used. If in the fall you want to come to Carlisle write me all about it, tell me how old you are, and how much you have been in school, and if you are in good health, I will attend to getting you here.

Yours sincerely,

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392

Jan. 19, 1892.

Rev. M. F. Trippe,

Salamanca, N. Y.

My dear Mr. Trippe:

John Eagle Eye never was here by that name. We have no graduates floating around the country, and our business and whereabouts we are not familiar with. Several runaway boys, however, are unaccounted for, either at their homes or by any information we can get here. Mr. John Eagle Eye, from the Sioux country, or from any other tribe, was here at this school. It is more than likely, if he belongs to us, that he is one of our bad boys from some other tribe. Please describe him.

Since we have been here, a number of Indian im-
posters have sprung up and traveled around representing that
they belonged to us or did belong to us and getting no little
credence thereby. Last year many good ladies of the city of
New York were imposed upon by a very taking fellow who spoke
English fluently and was a perfect gentleman, so far as they
could see, and who represented that he was a graduate of
Carlisle. When the facts became known, he had never seen
Carlisle and was simply a sharp impector. Indians have also

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397

Jan. 21, 1892.

Robert A. McFadden,

502 Fulton Street,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dear Robert:

In accordance with your request, I send you copy
of what I have written to say at the Puritan Congregational Church.

I did not think when I undertook this job that it was
going to involve so much formality. However, it is all right, and
if you discover anything in what I present that you would rather
I would leave out, or if you have additions for me to make say
so.

I now intend to leave here on Sunday morning, because
I wish to be at my Saturday evening meeting here, and shall reach
New York at four o'clock, take the annex boat to Brooklyn and find
my way out to the vicinity of the church. I do not think it
necessary, in the multitude of your duties elsewhere that you
should bother to look after me in any way. No doubt I shall get
along and reach the destination all right. Of course, I know
nothing of the people whom I have to go before but shall make
myself known at the church when I reach there. You will see that
I have largely incorporated what you said, and also what was said

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43-1

Feb. 1, 1892.

George H. Ellis,

Christian Register,

141 Franklin Street,

Boston, Mass.

Dear Sir:

The delay in receiving your reply led me to set up
the type and print the article referred to from your January
14th issue, in our "Red Man" now coming out.

VOL. 20

W. S. H., 2.

gress, and especially with Senator Hill.

I would not think it best to increase the number
beyond fifty, even if we get the consent of Congress.

If Supt. Draper's reservation schools are "crude",
as you say, what must Morgan's reservation schools be.
We have no idea, my dear doctor, of the enormous pretence and
humbug going on on this line, in the way of a so-called
Public School system on the reservations.

I rather expect to go to Washington soon, and will
speak on behalf of your project. It would seem to be quite
consistent, and one that would at once commend itself to
legislators. We will make the "rift in the clouds" as big
as possible.

Pennsylvania may example New York into doing better
things.

447

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418

Feb. 2nd, 1892.

Peter Ocotca,

Company I, 8th Infantry,
Fort Washakie, Wy.

My dear Peter!

VOL. 20

February 8, 1892.

Hon. H. L. Dawes,
U. S. Senate,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Senator:

We determined this year, and after, we
would have our closing exercises in February, at a time of the
year when our country patrons- those who have our students-
could come and see us, and when the students could be better
spared from their work. May is the busy time with farmers,
and they cannot then come, nor spare the students.

We also considered that it would always be at the time Congress is in session. We delayed so far this year in sending out invitations because of an epidemic of measles, but after three crops, and not having more than a dozen each time, and as the disease is now disappearing, we have concluded to go ahead, and invitations go out to-day for the 24th.

I will say to you and to Col. Peel, that a special train
to and from Carlisle is arranged for your committees and oth-
er members of the House and Senate and officials (including of
course their families) who will come.

We want you with us a whole day and hope you can come up

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H. I. D. 2

on the evening of the 23, spending the night here, take in all
our exercises on the 24, and return to Washington on the e-
vening of the 24th. If that is not practicable I will arrange
that you leave Washington at 8 o'clock in the morning of the
24 here before 12, leave here at 5 o'clock and reach Wash-
ington before 8. Leaving Washington at 3:30 in the after-
noon of the 23, the party would be here at 8. o'clock. There
will be a dining car on the train, and a meal on the way up.
We will take care of you over night, give you breakfast and
dinner here and evening meal on the train going back.

We shall have about 750 young Indians present, represent-
ing more than 50 tribes, and a large number of farmers and
others who have had our students in their care, so that there
will be the best of opportunity for those who care to, to talk
personally with both students and people about our outing sys-
tem. There will also be other people, benevolent and other-
wise, interested in the care of the Indians, and I shall hope
to not only make it a pleasant occasion for your committees
and for members, but also a profitable one.

I have written a similar letter to Col. Peel, and shall
be glad if you and he will unite and let me know soon the
pleasure of your committees.

472

VOL. 20

February 8, 1892.

Hon. S. W. Peel

House of Representatives,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Colleague:

We determined this year, and after, we would have our closing exercises in February, at a time of the year when our country patrons- those who have our students- could come and see us, and when the students could be better spared from their work. May is the busy time with farmers, and they cannot then come nor spare the students.

We also considered it would be always at the time Congress is in session. We delayed so far this year in sending out invitations because of an epidemic of measles, but after three crops, and not having more than a dozen each time, and as the disease is now disappearing, we have concluded to go ahead, and invitations go out to-day for the 24th.

I will say to you and to Senator Dawes, that a special train to and from Carlisle is arranged for your committees and other members of the House and Senate and officials (including of course their families) who will come.

We want you with us a whole day and hope you can come up to the evening of the 23, spending the night here, take in all

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474

S. J. P. T.

on the 24, and return to Washington on the even-
ing of the 24th. If that is not practicable I will arrange
to leave Washington at 8 o'clock in the morning of the
24, be here by 12, leave here at 5 o'clock and reach Washing-
ton before 8. leaving Washington at 3:30 in the afternoon
of the 26, the party would be here at 8 o'clock. There will
be a dining on the train, and a meal on the way up. We
will take care of you over night, give you breakfast and din-
er here and evening meal on the train going back.

We shall have about 700 young Indians present, represent-
ing more than 50 tribes, and a large number of farmers and
other who have had our students in their care, so that there
will be a great opportunity for those who care to, to talk
with our students and people about our outing sys-
tem, and to be of other people, benevolent and other-

We have written a similar letter to Senator Dawes, and

I shall be glad if you and he will unite and let me know soon
the pleasure of your committees.

I shall not only make it a pleasant occasion for your committees
for members, but also a profitable one.

I have written a similar letter to Senator Dawes, and

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 20