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1972 FEB 8 19 09

STATIONROOM

'72 FEB 8 PM 2:34

FEBRUARY 4, 1972

5:30 P.M.

MEMORANDUM FOR
MR. RONALD H. WALKER
PEKING

FROM:
DWIGHT L. CHAPIN

SUBJECT:
RELEASE OF PRESIDENT AND MRS. NIXON'S
ITINERARY

THE FOLLOWING IS A RUNDOWN OF WHAT WE WOULD LIKE TO SAY ON FEBRUARY 14 CONCERNING THE ITINERARY FOR THE PRESIDENT DURING HIS VISIT TO CHINA. IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT EVERYTHING MUST BE KEPT FLEXIBLE AND IS SUBJECT, OBVIOUSLY, TO CHANGE.

MR. ZIEGLER WOULD SAY THE FOLLOWING.

IN AGREEMENT WITH THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, WE WOULD LIKE TO ANNOUNCE WHAT IS A VERY ROUGH ITINERARY FOR THE PRESIDENT'S VISIT TO CHINA COMMENCING FEBRUARY 21. YOU SHOULD TAKE NOTE OF THE FACT THAT THE PRESIDENT'S ACTIVITIES AS WELL AS THOSE OF MRS. NIXON WILL NATURALLY BE CENTERED AROUND THE SUBSTANTIVE MEETINGS WHICH ARE TO BE HELD. DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE LENGTH OF THE VARIOUS MEETINGS WILL NOT BE SET UNTIL THE PRESIDENT HAS MET WITH THE CHINESE LEADERS THE FIRST TIME, WE CANNOT PREDICT EXACTLY HOW THE SCHEDULE WILL UNFOLD. ANOTHER POINT TO REMEMBER IS THAT THE WEATHER CONDITIONS OR OTHER UNFORESEEN SITUATIONS MAY CAUSE US TO ALTER THE SCHEDULE.

THE PRESIDENT WILL DEPART GUAM THE MORNING OF FEBRUARY 21, ARRIVING IN SHANGHAI AT APPROXIMATELY 9:00 A.M. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE PLANE WILL SPEND CLOSE TO FORTY-FIVE MINUTES ON THE GROUND BEFORE DEPARTING FOR PEKING. ARRIVAL IN PEKING IS TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED FOR 11:30 A.M. THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA HAS NOTIFIED US THAT PRIME MINISTER CHOU EN-LAI WILL MEET THE PRESIDENT UPON HIS ARRIVAL.

THERE WILL BE A BRIEF, OFFICIAL ARRIVAL CEREMONY AND THEN
THE PRESIDENT WILL BE ESCORTED TO HIS GUEST HOUSE.

THE AFTERNOON OF MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, THE LEADERS OF THE
TWO COUNTRIES WILL MEET. THAT EVENING THERE WILL BE A
WELCOME BANQUET HOSTED BY PRIME MINISTER CHOU EN-LAI.

ON TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, THE PRESIDENT WILL BE INVOLVED IN
MEETINGS WITH CHINESE LEADERS, AS WELL AS WITH HIS STAFF AND
ADVISORS WHO WILL ACCOMPANY HIM. THE EVENING OF TUESDAY,
FEBRUARY 22, THE PRESIDENT WILL ATTEND A CULTURAL EVENT AT
THE GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE.

ON WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, THE PRESIDENT WILL AGAIN MEET WITH
CHINESE LEADERS AND WITH HIS STAFF AND ADVISORS. IN THE
EVENING HE WILL ATTEND A GYMNASTIC EVENT WHICH WILL BE HELD IN
AN IN-DOOR STADIUM IN PEKING.

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24, IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT DURING THE
MORNING THE PRESIDENT WILL VISIT, ALONG WITH MRS. NIXON, THE
GREAT WALL AND THE MING TOMBS. IN THE AFTERNOON, HE WOULD
CONTINUE HIS MEETINGS WITH THE CHINESE LEADERS.

END OF PAGE ONE

ON THE MORNING OF FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, THE PRESIDENT IS TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED TO VISIT--ALONG WITH MRS. NIXON-- THE FORBIDDEN CITY. AND AGAIN IN THE AFTERNOON, THE PRESIDENT WILL MEET WITH THE CHINESE LEADERS. THAT EVENING PRESIDENT AND MRS. NIXON WILL HOST A RECIPROCAL BANQUET AT THE GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE.

ON SATURDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26, THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. NIXON WILL DEPART PEKING AFTER A BRIEF FAREWELL CEREMONY FOR HANGCHOW. HE WILL FLY ABOARD PRIME MINISTER CHOU EN-LAI'S PERSONAL AIRCRAFT.

UPON ARRIVAL IN HANGCHOW, THE PRESIDENT WILL BE ESCORTED TO A GOVERNMENT GUEST HOUSE ON WEST LAKE. LATER IN THE AFTERNOON, IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT THE PRESIDENT WILL TOUR WEST LAKE BY BOAT. ON SATURDAY EVENING, THERE WILL BE A DINNER HOSTED BY THE PROVINCIAL REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE IN HANGCHOW.

ON SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 27, THE PRESIDENT WILL DEPART HANGCHOW FOR SHANGHAI. UPON ARRIVING IN SHANGHAI, HE WILL PROCEED ALONG WITH MRS. NIXON TO AN INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION. AFTER TOURING THIS EXHIBITION, THE PRESIDENT WILL PROCEED TO THE GOVERNMENT GUEST HOUSE.

ON SUNDAY AFTERNOON, THERE IS THE POSSIBILITY OF THE PRESIDENT'S HAVING A FINAL MEETING WITH CHINESE LEADERS. THAT EVENING, THERE WILL BE A DINNER HOSTED BY THE SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE. FOLLOWING THE DINNER, THERE WILL BE A CULTURAL SHOW.

ON MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28, THE PRESIDENT WILL DEPART SHANGHAI FOR WASHINGTON, D.C. BEFORE NOON.

MRS. NIXON'S SCHEDULE FOR PEKING IS NOT YET SET. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT WHILE IN PEKING SHE MAY HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO VISIT A COMMUNE, A SCHOOL, A FACTORY, AND TOUR SOME HISTORICAL SPOTS SUCH AS THE SUMMER PALACE AND THE TEMPLE OF HEAVENLY PEACE. ALL THIS WOULD BE IN ADDITION TO THE VARIOUS POINTS OF INTEREST WHICH SHE MAY VISIT WITH THE PRESIDENT.

RON, WILL YOU PLEASE REVIEW THE ABOVE WITH TIM ELBOURNE AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA REPRESENTATIVES TO SEE IF THEY HAVE ANY PROBLEMS WITH THE GENERAL WORDING OF THE ITEMS MENTIONED.

1250

FEBRUARY 27, 1972

JOINT COMMUNIQUE

February 28, 1972

Shanghai, People's Republic
of China

President Richard Nixon of the United States of America visited the People's Republic of China at the invitation of Premier Chou En-lai of the People's Republic of China from February 21 to February 28, 1972. Accompanying the President were Mrs. Nixon, U.S. Secretary of State William Rogers, Assistant to the President Dr. Henry Kissinger, and other American officials.

President Nixon met with Chairman Mao Tsetung of the Communist Party of China on February 21. The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S. relations and world affairs.

During the visit, extensive, earnest and frank discussions were held between President Nixon and Premier Chou En-lai on the normalization of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, as well as on other matters of interest to both sides. In addition, Secretary of State William Rogers and Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei held talks in the same spirit.

President Nixon and his party visited Peking and viewed cultural, industrial and agricultural sites, and they also toured Hangchow and Shanghai where, continuing discussions with Chinese leaders, they viewed similar places of interest.

The leaders of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America found it beneficial to have this opportunity, after so many years without contact, to present candidly to one another their views on a variety of issues. They reviewed the international situation in which important changes and great upheavals are taking place and expounded their respective positions and attitudes.

The U.S. side stated: Peace in Asia and peace in the world requires efforts both to reduce immediate tensions and to eliminate the basic causes of conflict. The United States will work for a just and secure peace: just, because it fulfills the aspirations of peoples and nations for freedom and progress; secure, because it removes the danger of foreign aggression. The United States supports individual freedom and social progress for all the peoples of the world, free of outside pressure or intervention. The United States believes that the effort to reduce tensions is served by improving communication between countries that have different ideologies so as to lessen the risks of confrontation through accident, miscalculation or misunderstanding. Countries should treat each other with mutual respect and be willing to compete peacefully, letting performance be the ultimate judge. No country should claim infallibility and each country should be prepared to re-examine its own attitudes for the common good. The United States stressed that the peoples of Indochina should be allowed to determine their destiny without outside intervention; its constant primary objective has been a negotiated solution; the eight-point proposal put forward by the Republic of Vietnam and the United States on January 27, 1972 represents a basis for the attainment of that objective; in the absence of a

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negotiated settlement the United States envisages the ultimate withdrawal of all U.S. forces from the region consistent with the aim of self-determination for each country of Indochina. The United States will maintain its close ties with and support for the Republic of Korea; the United States will support efforts of the Republic of Korea to seek a relaxation of tension and increased communication in the Korean peninsula. The United States places the highest value on its friendly relations with Japan; it will continue to develop the existing close bonds. Consistent with the United Nations Security Council Resolution of December 21, 1971, the United States favors the continuation of the ceasefire between India and Pakistan and the withdrawal of all military forces to within their own territories and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir; the United States supports the right of the peoples of South Asia to shape their own future in peace, free of military threat, and without having the area become the subject of great power rivalry.

The Chinese side stated: Wherever there is oppression, there is resistance. Countries want independence, nations want liberation and the people want revolution -- this has become the irresistible trend of history. All nations, big or small, should be equal; big nations should not bully the small and strong nations should not bully the weak. China will never be a superpower and it opposes hegemony and power politics of any kind. The Chinese side stated that it firmly supports the struggles of all the oppressed people and nations for freedom and liberation and that the people of all countries have the right to choose their social systems according to their own wishes and the right to safeguard the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of their own countries and oppose foreign aggression, interference, control and subversion. All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.

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The Chinese side expressed its firm support to the peoples of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia in their efforts for the attainment of their goal and its firm support to the seven-point proposal of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam and the elaboration of February this year on the two key problems in the proposal, and to the Joint Declaration of the Summit Conference of the Indochinese Peoples. It firmly supports the eight-point program for the peaceful unification of Korea put forward by the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on April 12, 1971, and the stand for the abolition of the "U.N. Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea." It firmly opposes the revival and outward expansion of Japanese militarism and firmly supports the Japanese people's desire to build an independent, democratic, peaceful and neutral Japan. It firmly maintains that India and Pakistan should, in accordance with the United Nations resolutions on the India-Pakistan question, immediately withdraw all their forces to their respective territories and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir and firmly supports the Pakistan Government and people in their struggle to preserve their independence and sovereignty and the people of Jammu and Kashmir in their struggle for the right of self-determination.

There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that countries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-aggression against other states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International disputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use or threat of force. The United States and the People's Republic of China are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations.

With these principles of international relations in mind the two sides stated that:

- progress toward the normalization of relations between China and the United States is in the interests of all countries;

- both wish to reduce the danger of international military conflict;

- neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region and each is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish such hegemony; and

- neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any third party or to enter into agreements or understandings with the other directed at other states.

Both sides are of the view that it would be against the interests of the peoples of the world for any major country to collude with another against other countries, or for major countries to divide up the world into spheres of interest.

The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Chinese side reaffirmed its position: The Taiwan quention is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the liberation of Taiwan is China's internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all U.S. forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of "one China, one Taiwan," "one China, two governments," "two Chinas," and "independent Taiwan" or advocate that "the status of Taiwan remains to be determined."

IMOR FI

-4-

[L]

The U.S. side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. With this prospect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all U.S. forces and military installations from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively reduce its forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes.

The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding between the two peoples. To this end, they discussed specific areas in such fields as science, technology, culture, sports and journalism, in which people-to-people contacts and exchanges would be mutually beneficial. Each side undertakes to facilitate the further development of such contacts and exchanges.

Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries.

The two sides agreed that they will stay in contact through various channels, including the sending of a senior U.S. representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normalization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest.

The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.

President Nixon, Mrs. Nixon and the American party expressed their appreciation for the gracious hospitality shown them by the Government and people of the People's Republic of China.

(END)

MEMORANDUM

THE WHITE HOUSE

WASHINGTON

February 14, 1972

MEMORANDUM FOR: GENERAL ALEXANDER M. HAIG

FROM: DWIGHT L. CHAPMAN

In regard to the Musk Oxen, they will be carried into China on February 29 aboard a sweep aircraft. The oxen will be accompanied by veterinarian Doctor Theodore Reed of the Washington National Zoo who will see that they are properly cared for until turned over to the Chinese.

The President will have a picture of the oxen available to give to the Prime Minister to show what they look like.

It is my understanding that as of now the oxen will be a gift from the people of the United States to the people of China.

cc: Mr. Henkel
    Cdr. Howe
    Mr. Maguire
    Mr. Ziegler
    Mr. Haldeman
    Mr. Bull

THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON

January 31, 1972

MEMORANDUM FOR:

FROM:

SUBJECT:

DR. HENRY A. KISSINGER

DWIGHT L. CHAPIN

The President's Trip to China
February - 1972

Attached are details concerning your forthcoming trip with the
President to the People's Republic of China. Please note
particularly the information on passports, required (and recom-
mended) immunizations, clothing, gifts, and luggage.

A rough tentative schedule, along with additional information
concerning the trip, will be forthcoming in a few more days.
Hopefully, this material will answer the questions you may
have.

[L]

1. PASSPORTS

You must have an up-to-date passport in order to enter China. Most Diplomatic and Official Passports carried an expiration date of December 1971; therefore, if you hold a diplomatic passport, please make certain that it has not expired. If you do not have a passport or find that you require renewal, please contact the Military Aide's office at the White House. The Military Aides will carry the passports throughout the trip. Your passport and shot record must be received by the Military Aide's Office by Friday, February 11.

2. IMMUNIZATIONS

The following are required: Smallpox within 3 years;
Typhoid within 3 years; Tetanus and Diphtheria within
6 years; Cholera within 6 months; Gamma Globulin
within 6 months; and Influenza since September 1971.
The following is recommended: Yellow Fever within
10 years.

The necessary immunizations may be acquired in Room
105, Executive Office Building, between 9:00 a.m. and
5:00 p.m.

3. BAGGAGE

It is strongly requested that each member of the party
limit his luggage to two pieces. This limitation is
being imposed to insure that should any members of the
party purchase any gifts in China or if the People's
Republic should present gifts to the party, that there will
be space available to transport them back to the United
States. Additionally, the PRC provides excellent one-
day laundry service which will help you meet your two
piece luggage limitation.

January 31, 1972

[1c]

2.

4. CLOTHING REQUIREMENTS

1. Heavy coats are essential for the Peking portion of the trip. A London fog-type raincoat will probably be more comfortable in Shanghai and Hangchow. Warm, long-sleeved wool suits and dresses for the ladies (in addition to a heavy coat) will be more comfortable than dresses with short sleeves. Warm Pants Suits can most appropriately be worn on many occasions. Sports coats for men are acceptable; however, business suits should be worn to substantive meetings.

2. A hat, preferably one that will cover the ears, for the visit to the Great Wall, Ming Tombs, Forbidden City, and other locations in Peking.

3. Gloves should be fur-lined. Plain suede gloves are not adequate, particularly at the Great Wall.

4. Crepe-sole or rubber-sole flat shoes for the visit to the Great Wall. High heels are not worn in China and the Chinese appear to take a dim view of anyone who will attempt the Wall with even a slight heel. They are extremely dangerous at the Wall.

5. Scarf - wool.

6. Sweater - when you go out of the hotel and also often inside. Temperatures fluctuate drastically.

7. Thermal underwear (for trip to Wall and Forbidden City).

8. Formal clothing will not be required. The Chinese wear simple, plain clothing on all occasions. Business clothes are always adequate.

9. It is recommended that the ladies pack an adequate supply of stockings for the trip.

10. As in many foreign countries, wash cloths are not provided.

January 31, 1972

[L.C]

3.

5. GIFT POLICY

In the People's Republic of China, all gifts purchased
should be items that individuals can carry in their
personal luggage or packages that each individual can hand
carry onto the airplane. As a policy, any exceptions must
be cleared by the Military Aide on an individual case by
case basis. The Aide will make a daily check with the
crews of the aircraft to determine their capacity to
absorb large items. Once aircraft limitations are
reached, no further authorizations can be made. Although
it undoubtedly seems that we are taking an overly restrictive
position on gifts, it is essential. In the past, we have been
able to use Embassy facilities to return gifts to the States.
Obviously, this is not possible in the PRC. Also, it is
highly probable that the PRC may present gifts to each
member of the party and this in itself will consume valuable
space. Therefore, it is essential that every member of the
party be acquainted with the gift limitations and that prior
to making any large purchase, consult with the Military
Aides on the trip to see if there is room on the aircraft to
transport the gift back to the United States.

Many persons are used to purchasing a five cardboard
pack of liquor at the BQ in Guam. On this trip, a limit
of two bottles per person purchased in Guam is going to
be imposed. This is necessary to insure space on the
plane for packages out of the PRC.

January 31, 1972

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ATTACHED ARE THE NAMES OF THE 14 VIP'S INCLUDING THE PRIME MINISTER WHO WILL GREET THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. NIXON AND THE OFFICIAL PARTY AT THE BOTTOM OF THE RAMP AND WILL BE JOINED BY AN ADDITIONAL 40 OR SO PRC DIGNITARIES. AFTER CHECKING WITH THE PRC REGARDING THE MAYORS OF SHANGHAI AND HANGCHOW WE HAVE GIFTS FOR THEM AND IN FACT THEY ARE THE MAYORS. THERE APPEARS TO BE NO PROBLEM. HOWEVER, JOHN THOMAS AND I WILL BE PREPARED TO DISCUSS GIFTS UPON YOUR ARRIVAL.

CHOU EN-LAI PREMIER OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

YEH CHIEN-YING VICE-CHAIRMAN OF THE MILITARY COMMISSION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY AND VICE-CHAIRMAN OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE COUNCIL

LI HSIEN-NIEN VICE-PREMIER OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

KUO MO-JO VICE-CHAIRMAN OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS AND PRESIDENT OF THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

CHI PENG-FEI MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

WU TEH ACTING CHAIRMAN OF THE PEKING MUNICIPAL REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE AND LEADER OF THE CULTURAL GROUP OF THE STATE COUNCIL

PAI HSIANG-KUO MINISTER OF FOREIGN TRADE

HSIAP CHIN-KUANG VICE-MINISTER OF NATIONAL DEFENCE AND COMMANDER OF THE NAVY OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY

LI CHEN VICE-MINISTER OF PUBLIC SECURITY

LI YAO-WEN VICE-MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

CHIAO KUAN-HUA VICE-MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

YU SANG VICE-MINISTER OF PUBLIC SECURITY

CHIEN CHENG-YING VICE-MINISTER OF WATER CONSERVANCY AND ELECTRIC (FEMALE) POWER

CHEN MU-HUA VICE-MINISTER OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES

10:24

330

[c]

CONFIDENTIAL

FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY AT OPENING OF BUSINESS TO
RON ZIEGLER AND JON HOWE

February 27, 1972

FOR: RON ZIEGLER AND JON HOWE

FROM: LES JANKA

Initial press play on the Communique has been very straight, following closely the lines of interpretation contained in the HAK press conference. The major focus is on the positive aspects but the immediate troublesome point is the U. S. withdrawal from Taiwan. Initial reaction from Taipei is one of shock and dismay. However, the guidance of the HAK press conference will adequately meet questions. We have informed all the Departmental spokesmen here to emphasize the positive aspects of the Communique but to avoid speculation by not going one word beyond the HAK statement and that the Communique stands on its own. Other foreign press reaction has been quite positive.

Other major press questions in today's news:

1. Israel launches third day of attacks into Lebanon. FYI: Lebanon will return to the Security Council for a substantive resolution seeking to stop the fighting. End FYI. Guidance: All statements will have to come from our spokesmen at the UN. We have already expressed our concern over this outbreak of violence.

CONFIDENTIAL

[x]

CONFIDENTIAL

- 2 -

2. Murray Marder has long article on how Secretary Rogers has been consistently upstaged during this trip. Guidance: The comments in HAK's statement should indicate the role played by the Secretary.

3. Senator Humphrey urges Nixon to brief the country immediately on results of the trip and to inform Japan has THE immediate next step. FYI: You know better than we at this time the plans for a report to the nation and to our allies. Humphrey feels Japan deserve even more than a Green visit.

4. Evans and Novak say that Senators Scott and Mansfield were seriously considered as participants ON THIS TRIP but instead will be going to Peking in July. Guidance: You will have no comment on this clearly speculative story.

5. FYI: The Government of Italy fell today on a Senate vote of NO confidence after only nine days in office.

6. FYI: The New York Times carries a story quoting U.S. intelligence sources to the effect that the Soviets have developed a new 3,000 mile underwater missile, better than our Poseidon and which provides a strong reason for accelerated ULMS development.

CONFIDENTIAL

AP153R
180
WITH NIXON

(MOSCOW)---THE SOVIET NEWS MEDIA WITHHELD TODAY ANY IMMEDIATE KREMLIN REACTION TO THE U-S--CHINESE COMMUNIQUE.

THEY STUCK TO THEIR CAUTIOUS HANDLING OF PRESIDENT NIXON'S HISTORICAL VISIT.

FOUR HOURS AFTER THE COMMUNIQUE WAS ISSUED, THE SOVIET NEWS AGENCY TASS REPORTED THAT PRESIDENTIAL AIDE HENRY KISSINGER TOLD U-S NEWSMEN THE CONTENTS OF THE DOCUMENT.

BASING ITS REPORT ON WHAT THE ASSOCIATED PRESS AND OTHER WESTERN AGENCIES SAID, TASS REPORTED THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA HAD AGREED TO MAINTAIN CONTACTS, INCLUDING VISITS FROM TIME TO TIME BY A HIGH-RANKING U-S REPRESENTATIVE TO PEKING FOR CONCRETE CONSULTATIONS.

TASS SAID THE A-P REPORTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON MUTUAL TRAVELS OF CITIZENS AND A GRADUAL EXPANSION OF TRADE.

THE SOVIET AGENCY SAID U-S INFORMATION AGENCIES HAD QUOTED NIXON AS SAYING THE CONTENT OF THE TALKS WOULD REMAIN SECRET.

THE FOUR-PARAGRAPH TASS STORY WAS REPEATED ON EVENING MOSCOW RADIO BROADCASTS.

THERE IS NO ISSUE OF THE GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPER IZVESTIA ON SUNDAY.

ALTHOUGH THE COMMUNIQUE IS BEING CAREFULLY STUDIED BY SOVIET OFFICIALS, IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT NO DEFINITIVE OFFICIAL COMMENT WILL COME BEFORE TOMORROW.

FG125 IPES FEBRUARY 27.

AP154R

DEPART WASHINGTON FOR HAWAII - Continued

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1972

10:00 a.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon depart the Diplomatic Entrance and bid farewell to the Cabinet, other selected guests, and Congressional Leadership on the South Lawn.

FULL PRESS COVERAGE/LIVE TV

The following are requested to board Marine One via the right rear door immediately after the ceremony:

Mr. Haldeman

Mr. Ziegler

Mr. Scali

Dr. Tkach

Maj. Brennan

10:10 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon board Marine One followed by:

Secretary Rogers

Dr. Kissinger

Depart South Lawn en route Andrews AFB.

10:25 a.m. Arrive Andrews AFB.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

Board S'76.

10:30 a.m. S'76 departs en route Kaneohe MCAS, Hawaii.

(Flying time: 10 hrs.)

(Time change: - 5 hrs.)

LUNCHEON SERVED AT NOON EST

DINNER SERVED AT 1:30 p.m.

HAWAII TIME

<table><tr><td>10:35 a.m.</td><td>970 departs en route Hickham<br>AFB, Hawaii</td></tr></table>

- 2 -

DEPART HAWAII FOR GUAM

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1972

<table><tr><td>10:30 a.m.</td><td>Baggage Call. Bags will be picked up outside individual's room.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><strong>VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1:00 p.m.</td><td>Helicopter departs Kahala<br/>Hilton Hotel en route Kaneohe<br/>MCAS for S'76 with the following passengers:<br/>Brig. Gen. Scowcroft<br/>Mr. Scali<br/>Mr. Buchanan<br/>Miss Woods<br/>Miss Pineau<br/>Mrs. De Santis<br/>Maj. Brennan<br/><br/>Helicopter departs Kahala<br/>Hilton en route Hickam AFB for<br/>970 with the following passengers:<br/>Dir. Jenkins<br/>Mr. Holdridge<br/>Mrs. Gwyer<br/>Mrs. Yates<br/>Mr. Platt<br/>Mr. Freeman<br/>Mr. Mehlert<br/>Mr. Kovenock<br/>Mrs. Runkle<br/>Dr. Riland<br/>Mr. Maguire</td></tr><tr><td>1:15 p.m.</td><td>Helicopters arrive Kaneohe MCAS<br/>or Hickam Field. Board aircraft.</td></tr></table>

[LC]

- 9 -

ARRIVAL IN GUAM - Continued

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1972

VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS

The remainder of the party disembarks
from the rear door and proceeds to a
designated viewing area.

At the foot of the ramp the President and
Mrs. Nixon will be met by:

Governor and Mrs. Carlos Camacho (R)

The President, Mrs. Nixon, and Governor Camacho
followed by the official party proceed through a
21-man all service honor guard.

VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS

The official party proceeds to a viewing
area.

Governor Camacho introduces the President and
Mrs. Nixon to the following:

Mr. and Mrs. Edward Johnson, High Commissioner,
The Trust Territories

Lt. Gen. and Mrs. Gerald W. Johnson,
Commanding General, 3rd Air Division

Rear Adm. and Mrs. Paul E. Pugh, Commander,
Naval Forces, Marianas

Lt. Governor and Mrs. Kurt Moylan

Senator and Mrs. F. Ramierz, Speaker,
Guam Legislature

At the conclusion of the introductions, Mrs. Nixon
will receive a traditional floral lei presented
by Miss Guam (Jeanie Perez).

Possible brief remarks by the President.

[L]

GENERAL INFORMATION SHEET

For Members of the President's Party

1. The Chinese are always on time. All members of the U.S. party should be equally punctual. You should always be on time, if not a few minutes early.

2. The Chinese will encourage you to dress warmly. They are very concerned when you do not dress properly with a heavy coat, scarf, and hat. There is a good reason for this as the Peking winters are severe.

3. The Chinese enjoy assisting Americans to learn simple Chinese phrases. The gesture of asking how you say "Thank you," "Good morning," and "Good night" is appreciated. The interpreters speak excellent English.

4. The Chinese usually step back and let a guest go through a doorway first. The gesture of letting your Chinese counterpart go through first would be most appreciated.

5. The Chinese do not usually give their names. It is suggested that you always ask. It is appropriate to use the surname with Mr. or Mrs., such as Miss Wong or Mr. Chiang, or to use the titles such as Vice Minister, Director, etc.

6. The Chinese take great pride in their food. Refrain from making comments unless they are complimentary and truly meant.

7. Instructions on currency exchange will be available by calling Mr. John Thomas once we are in Peking. When members of the party visit "Friendship Stores," currency exchange will be handled on the spot.

8. There will be opportunities for the party to go shopping in all three cities. The PRC Protocol Office is aware that members of the American party would like to visit the various Friendship Stores. We will alert you once arrangements for shopping have been worked out with our hosts (probably not until we have been in Peking for 2 or 3 days).

9. Virtually, every time one moves to a meeting or to an event, there will be time for rest, tea, and strong Chinese cigarettes. In sitting rooms, you will be given a cup of tea which could be black Chinese tea,

[Lc]

GENERAL INFORMATION SHEET - Continued

green tea, or jasmine tea. Tea is classified as a stimulant and is served during rest periods as well as during meetings.

10. You may wish to offer American cigarettes to your Chinese friends and light them for them as a gesture of politeness. Chinese will do the same for you. Generally, Chinese women do not smoke and the women members of the party will probably not be offered cigarettes.

11. The Chinese are graced with a good sense of humor. Although they have some difficulty understanding American humor, they will try hard. You will find that they very much appreciate learning American phrases.

12. At the banquets and during the meals at the Guest Houses, you will find there will be three glasses in front of you. The water glass is for either beer or juice. The other two glasses are the wine glass and the Mao Tai glass. You can drink from the water glass any time during the meal. However, at banquets, the wine and Mao Tai are for toasting only. These glasses should not be raised without toasting one of your Chinese friends.

13. When entering or leaving a doorway, always look out for a cross board approximately 6" high. This is particularly true in the Forbidden City.

14. Do not leave important or classified papers unattended. At each location there will be a "secure" room where these papers may be left.

15. Keep the switchboard aware of your location at all times.

16. Do not discuss classified information or discuss matters you would not wish the Chinese to hear, in your residence, your car, or at any other time.

17. In all likelihood you will be assigned a PRC escort during your visit. You will be notified of the individual's name.

18. Buses may be used during the visit to transport members of the official and the unofficial party.

[L.C]

THE GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE

This multipurpose building is designed as a center for state
functions. It is situated on the west side of Tien an Men
Square, where the great parades of massed millions are held
on China's public holidays such as National Day (October 1).
It houses the offices of the Standing Committee of the
National People's Congress--the basic organization of state
(as opposed to Communist Party) authority. Chou En-lai,
Premier of the State Council (which is constituted by the
National People's Congress), has his offices in this build-
ing.

This huge structure contains more floor space than the former
Imperial Palace. It has a theater with a seating capacity of
more than 10,000, where Communist Party congresses and meet-
ings of the National People's Congress are held. There is
also a banquet hall which seats 5,000 and numerous reception
rooms decorated according to the local designs of each of
China's provinces and autonomous regions.

The building was constructed in 1958-59, at the time of the
Great Leap Forward, in an 11-month period of intense activity.
The design of the building embodies the best features of 84
designs drawn up by architects from six of China's cities.
During each day of its construction more than 14,000 people
from the various provinces and regions of China worked on the
project.

[LC]

ARRIVAL IN PEKING - Continued

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1972

SPECIAL OFFICIAL AND
UNOFFICIAL PARTY NOTE

Specific motorcade assignments may not be available. Past procedure has been to give guests a card with motorcade assignments in flight between Shanghai and Peking. If motorcade assignments are available they will be included on a special page in the schedule.

11:45 a.m. Motorcade departs en route Peking Guest House.

12:00 noon Motorcade passes through Tien an Men Square.

On the left is the Museum of the Chinese Revolution, the Museum of Chinese History, the Monument to the People's Heroes, and the Great Hall of the People.

On the right is the Gate of the Heavenly Peace.

Possibility motorcade may stop. *All Americans should remain in their cars unless invited out by the PRC.*

12:15 p.m. Motorcade arrives Peking Guest House.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

The Prime Minister escorts the President and Mrs. Nixon into their villa to a sitting room.

OFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

Members of official party proceed to the sitting room for tea and to be greeted by the Prime Minister.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 28 -

WELCOME BANQUET AT THE GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1972

VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS

7:10 p.m. Members of the U.S. party accompanying the President and Mrs. Nixon to the Welcome Banquet at the Great Hall of the People board motorcade in front of their villa. Assignments to be determined.

NOTE: All members of American party are invited to Banquet.

7:20 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon board motorcade.

Depart en route Great Hall of the People.

7:30 p.m. Arrive north entrance of the Great Hall of the People.

FULL PRESS COVERAGE

The President and Mrs. Nixon will be met by a PRC official.

OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

Members of party in Presidential motorcade follow the President and Mrs. Nixon into the Great Hall.

7:35 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and party are escorted through the North Hall and up a long staircase. The Prime Minister and other PRC officials receive the U.S. delegation at the top of the stairs.

LIVE TV

The U.S. delegation with the Prime Minister and members of the PRC party pose for an official photo. The Prime Minister then escorts the President and Mrs. Nixon to the Peking Hall. Members of the official party accompany them.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 35 -

[L]

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1972

Morning The President-Official Washington Business
Meet with advisers

STAFF TIME

<table><tr><td>8:30 a.m.</td><td>Breakfast in respective residences</td></tr></table>

STAFF TIME

<table><tr><td>9:30 a.m.</td><td>MRS. NIXON ACTIVITY</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>12:30 p.m.</td><td>Lunch in respective residences</td></tr></table>

STAFF TIME

2:45 p.m. The President and party board motorcade in front of their villa and depart for the meeting at Great Hall of the People.

2:55 p.m. Arrive Great Hall of the People.

The President proceeds to meeting room.

3:00 p.m. President meets with Prime Minister Chou.

Secretary of State holds concurrent counterpart meetings.

<table><tr><td>3:15 p.m.</td><td>MRS. NIXON ACTIVITY</td></tr></table>

Meetings conclude.

The President boards motorcade for Guest House.

PERSONAL/STAFF TIME

SEE "GYMNASTIC EVENT"

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 40 -

[L]

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1972

SEE "FORBIDDEN CITY"

<table><tr><td>12:30 a.m.</td><td>Lunch in respective residences</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>STAFF TIME</td></tr></table>

2:45 p.m. The President and party board motorcade in front of their villa and depart for the meeting at the Great Hall of the People.

Meetings conclude.

PERSONAL/STAFF TIME

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 42 -

[L]

RECIPROCAL BANQUET HOSTED BY THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. NIXON

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1972

SPECIAL VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS

Some members of the American party
will proceed to Hang-chou by Chinese
aircraft, immediately after the
Reciprocal Banquet. At the conclusion
of the banquet, those persons will
board the motorcade en route Peking
airport.

The following persons will travel to
Hang-chou on Friday evening:

Mr. Thomas

Mr. Mehlert

Mr. Kovenock

Mr. Hartigan

Mr. Gold

BAGGAGE NOTE

Baggage for those individuals traveling
to Hang-chou the evening of the 25th
will be picked up outside their
respective rooms at 7:00 p.m.

VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS

7:05 p.m. Members of the U.S. party accompanying the President and Mrs. Nixon to the Reciprocal Banquet board motorcade in front of their villa. Assignments to be determined.

7:15 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon board motorcade.

NOTE: All members of the American party
are invited to Banquet.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 43 -

[L]

RECIPROCAL BANQUET - Continued

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1972

7:25 p.m. Arrive north entrance of Great Hall of the People.

FULL PRESS COVERAGE

The President and Mrs. Nixon proceed to the top of a long staircase to await the Prime Minister.

OFFICIAL/UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

Members of the official and unofficial parties will follow the President and Mrs. Nixon and wait to receive the PRC dignitaries after the President.

7:30 p.m. The Prime Minister and PRC officials arrive at the Great Hall of the People and proceed up the long staircase. The President and Mrs. Nixon receive the Prime Minister and PRC officials at the top of the staircase.

PRESS POOL - LIVE TV

7:35 p.m. The U.S. delegation with the Prime Minister and members of the PRC party will pose for the official photograph. The President will escort the Prime Minister to the Peking Hall. Members of the official party follow.

UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

The unofficial party will be escorted to another area.

NOTE: In the Peking Hall, tea will be served.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 44 -

[LC]

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1972

The Prime Minister proceeds to the stage shortly thereafter. Upon the conclusion of the Prime Minister's toast, he returns to Table Number One, toasts the President and U.S. party.

9:45 p.m. Banquet concludes.
(approx.)

The President and Mrs. Nixon escort the Prime Minister from the Banquet Hall.

VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS

The U.S. party will be escorted to the motorcade.

Assignments to be determined.

SPECIAL NOTE

There will be two motorcades. Those persons going to the Peking Airport and on to Hang-chou will be escorted to a motorcade separate from the President's.

9:50 p.m. Depart en route Guest House.

10:00 p.m. Arrive Guest House.

The President and Mrs. Nixon proceed to their suites.

OVERNIGHT

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 46 -

[L]

DEPART PEKING FOR HANG-CHOU

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1972

<table><tr><td>1:00 a.m.</td><td>Baggage call for equipment and foot lockers.</td></tr><tr><td>7:00 a.m.</td><td>Personal baggage call. Bags will be picked up outside individual's rooms.<br/>NOTE: Film should not be put in baggage - hand carry.</td></tr><tr><td>7:00 a.m.</td><td>Breakfast in respective villas.</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td colspan="2">VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS</td></tr><tr><td>8:15 a.m.</td><td>Board motorcade in front of their villa for trip to Peking airport. Assignments to be determined.</td></tr><tr><td>8:55 a.m.</td><td>Arrive airport. VIP's and staff will be directed to an area to await the arrival of the President and Mrs. Nixon before boarding their aircraft.</td></tr></table>

8:45 a.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon board motorcade.

Depart en route airport.

<table><tr><td>9:15 a.m.</td><td>S '76 departs Peking en route Hang-chou.<br/>Passengers on board are:<br/>Brig. Gen. Scowcroft<br/>Brig. Gen. Redman<br/>2 USSS<br/>2 Press</td></tr></table>

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 47 -

CULTURAL SHOW - Continued

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1972

Prime Minister, the President, Mrs.
Nixon, and the official party.

NOTE: All other members of the
American party not on duty are invited
and will be seated in the Cultural
Hall.

7:55 p.m. The Prime Minister escorts the President and Mrs. Nixon from the sitting room into the Cultural Hall.

The members of the official and un-
official parties follow the Prime
Minister, the President, and Mrs.
Nixon into the Cultural Hall.

8:00 p.m. Cultural Show begins.

PERIODIC LIVE TV

9:15 p.m. Intermission (15 mins.)

The Prime Minister, the President, Mrs. Nixon,
and the official party return to the sitting
room for tea.

UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

The unofficial party will be escorted
to a separate area for tea.

9:30 p.m. The Prime Minister, the President, Mrs. Nixon, the official party, and the unofficial party return to their places in the Cultural Hall.

10:50 p.m. The Cultural Show concludes.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 52 -

[L]

REVOLUTIONIZED CHINESE OPERA

One of the areas of Chinese life most affected by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was the performing arts. Chiang Ching-Chang, Mao Tse-tung's wife, sought to transform the traditional Peking Opera into a revolutionary medium which would express the triumphs and virtues of the Communist revolution. These innovations implement Mao's instructions that the literary and performing arts should function primarily as political instruments for education of the people. "Art for art's sake" should not exist, according to Mao.

The Revolutionary Opera deals with 20th century themes, and is sung and spoken in modern standard Chinese. It has retained traditional music but sometimes adds such Western-originated instruments as the piano to the Chinese orchestra. Traditional gestures have been retained, but the colorful and fanciful costumes of the past have been replaced by the uniforms of the 20th century China. The opera is designed at the same time to entertain and indoctrinate.

The specific opera to be performed for you has not yet been revealed. However, there have been indications that the performance will be *Sha Jia Bang*, a brief description of which follows:

*Sha Jia Bang*-- The title of this revolutionary opera is a place name which might be translated: "The Sha Family Village." The setting is World War II in the area under the control of the Japanese and the puppet government they had set up in Nanking. *Sha Jia Bang* is the site of a hospital and rest station for wounded Communist troops. As the action opens, this village is about to be occupied by pro-Japanese puppet troops. The plot revolves around the inspired efforts of "Auntie Sha", the pro-Communist owner of the village tea shop, and a woman Communist cadre, "Sister Ah Ching." to prevent the puppet troops from discovering the whereabouts of the wounded Communists, whom the villagers have hidden in the marshes nearby. As the play ends, the Communist Eighth Route Army is coming to the rescue, and the villagers have arisen to attack the puppet troops.

The political theme of the opera is the patriotic opposition of the Communists to the Japanese Imperial Army, and the Chinese troops of the Japanese puppet government.

[LC]

THE GYMNASTIC EVENT

VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS

7:35 p.m. Members of the U.S. party attending the Gymnastic Event board motorcade in front of their villa. Assignments to be determined.

NOTE: All members of American Party are invited.

7:45 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon board motorcade.
Depart en route Gymnasium.

7:50 p.m. Motorcade arrives north entrance of Gymnasium.

PRESS PHOTO POOL COVERAGE

The President and Mrs. Nixon and the official party are escorted by a PRC official through the North Lobby to a sitting room.

UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

The members of the unofficial party will be escorted through another entrance, to a separate holding room, and to their seats.

8:00 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and the official party are escorted to their seats in the Gymnasium.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE-LIVE TV

9:30 p.m. Gymnastic Event concludes.

The President and Mrs. Nixon and the party proceed to the motorcade.

9:35 p.m. Depart en route Guest House.

Assignments are the same as on arrival.

9:40 p.m. Arrive Guest House.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 55 -

[LC]

GYMNASTIC EVENT

Sports and Physical Fitness in China:

Chairman Mao was a physical education enthusiast in his youth, and his interest in sports and physical fitness in now enshrined in the official policy of the People's Republic of China--particularly in Mao's love of swimming. Chinese are encouraged to exercise in groups, and mass calisthenics and gymnastics are a spectator sport.

Chinese athletes attribute their successes to the study of Mao Tse-tung Thought, and resolutely proclaim their opposition to the "championship mentality." Emphasis is placed on good sportsmanship and excellence of play, rather than on who wins or loses. Oftentimes, the scores and winners of matches are not even announced, and Chinese athletes who compete internationally maintain that their main objective is to promote friendship.

The most famous Chinese sport at the moment is, of course, ping-pong. A Chinese ping-pong team is expected to tour the U.S. in the spring of this year. Such teams, as well as Chinese soccer teams, have toured Africa, Eastern Europe, and parts of Asia in recent years. The holding of the Afro-Asian Table Tennis Friendship Invitational Tournament in Peking in November 1971 was a major international sporting event. Players from 49 countries and regions of Africa and Asia took part in competition watched by over 20,000 ping-pong fans.

In addition to fielding first-rate table tennis and soccer teams, the Chinese have some excellent gymnasts. A Chinese high jumper is reported to have bettered the current world record. The PRC is considering taking part in the 1972 Olympics in Munich.

Physical fitness has received much official attention during the past year, and in September a morning exercise program was launched. Calisthenic routines with musical accompaniment are now broadcast daily over the national radio network.

[L]

VISIT TO GREAT WALL AND MING TOMBS - Continued

11:40 a.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and party will be escorted to a museum where Chinese art objects are on display.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE IN MUSEUM

11:50 a.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and party will move to the Underground Palace.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

12:05 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and party will be escorted to another small museum to view additional Chinese art.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

12:30 p.m. Board motorcade.

Assignments are the same as on departure from Peking.

Motorcade departs en route Guest House.

(Driving time: 1 hr.)

1:30 p.m. Arrive Guest House.

PERSONAL TIME

Lunch will be served in respective residences.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 59/60 -

[L]

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Over the past 2,500 years the major threat to China's security has come from nomadic tribes on the country's northern frontier. Several major dynasties, such as the Yuan or Mongol and Ching or Manchu, were established by powerful horse-mounted armies that invaded this peasant empire and overthrew the reigning Han Chinese emperor.

In the third century B.C., China's first emperor linked up existing fortifications on the northern frontier to ward off attacks from these nomadic tribes. Contemporary texts record that 300,000 men worked for 10 years to carry out his plans. The wall was rebuilt and extended by various later dynasties. The last major restoration for defensive purposes was done in the 16th century. The wall also served as a means of communication by which news, men, and supplies could travel through regions where otherwise movement was difficult. The present government has restored the Great Wall at three famous points.

The average height of the wall was 22 to 26 feet. It was 21 feet thick at the base and 18 feet wide at the top. It was faced with stone, and the inside was filled with earth and rubble. Arched gateways were built at intervals along it, ramps led to the top, and watch towers with observation terraces for signaling were spaced along it. At some particularly vulnerable points, as many as five, six, or even nine successive walls were built, giving defense in depth against horse-mounted invaders.

You will visit the Ba Da Ling portion of the Great Wall in the Ba Da mountains. This is at a strategic pass area that was rebuilt as recently as the Ming Dynasty (1500s) to deal with the threat from Manchuria. (The Manchus succeeded in overthrowing the Ming Dynasty in 1644, and established the last imperial dynasty, the Ching, which fell in 1911.)

[Lc]

THE MING TOMBS

From very early times China's Emperors built their own tombs
near the capital city, generally during their lifetimes. In
the early 15th century, the third Ming Emperor, Yung Lo,
transferred his capital from Nanking to Peking and chose this
valley for his tomb, called Chang Ling. Almost all his suc-
cessors followed his example and had their tombs built nearby.
Thirteen of the Ming Emperors lie here with their Empresses
and their second wives. Hence the Chinese name for this site:
Shih San Ling, the 13 tombs.

The site was chosen on the basis of the art of geomancy, or
"feng shui." The semi-circular range of mountains to the
north was said to act as a barrier against the harmful emana-
tions brought by the winds (feng) from the steppes. The
topography of the region enabled water (shui) to run gently
in front of the tombs.

The tombs were originally protected by a long wall in the
valley, and by guard posts on the hilltops. Only individuals
who were in charge of their physical upkeep could enter the
enclosure.

An impressive five-arch gateway, built of marble in 1541,
announces the approach to the Ming Tombs. Almost a mile
beyond is the Ta-hung Men (Great Red Gate). Everyone in
Imperial China, including the reigning Emperor, was forced
to dismount and walk from here along the "sacred way," or
"the way of the spirit." (The body of the dead person was
carried over this route at the funeral ceremony.)

About 500 yards beyond the Great Red Gate is the Stele
Pavilion (Pei T'ing), erected in 1426. Beyond is the famous
"avenue of animals," followed by the avenue of human statues.
These statues all date from the 15th century. The mythical
beasts are said to be animals of good omen, and the men,
horses, and elephants are meant to serve the dead in the next
world. Finally, 4 miles from the first gateway, is the chief
tomb, which was of the Emperor Yung Lo. Most of the tombs
consist of a tumulus--a round artificial burial mound, under
which the remains are buried in a palatial vault--and a
rectangular compound of gates, courtyards, hall, and pavilions
laid out to resemble a giant keyhole. Once the Emperor had
been buried, the passage leading to the vault was sealed,
theoretically forever.

[L]

VISIT TO FORBIDDEN CITY - Continued

10:55 a.m. The President, Mrs. Nixon, and party are escorted to a sitting room for a rest and tea.

11:05 a.m. The President, Mrs. Nixon, and party will be escorted through a series of small museums with objects ranging from 113 B.C. to the present.

11:40 a.m. Conclude tour of museum and return to the motorcade.

11:45 a.m. Depart en route the Guest House.

12:00 Noon Arrive Guest House.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 62 -

[L]

THE FORBIDDEN CITY

The Forbidden City was the residence of the Emperor and his household during various dynasties over the past 800 years. Common people were forbidden access to the area with its single story dwellings, paved courtyards, and imperial reception rooms such as the Hall of Supreme Harmony and the Hall of Mental Cultivation.

The Imperial Palace has stood in roughly the same place since the Yuan dynasty (1276-1368). When the third Ming Emperor, Yung Lo, decided to establish the capital of the Empire at Peking (1403), the palace was entirely rebuilt on a new plan, the general outline of which survives today. The work lasted from 1407 to 1420, and over 200,000 workmen were employed.

The Forbidden City is surrounded by a moat 160 feet wide and walls more than 35 feet high. Covering a 250-acre expansion in the geographical center of Peking, it comprised about one-sixth of the former Imperial city, which housed the administrative and maintenance organizations, granaries, stables, orchards, parks, residences of officials, and princes, and some of the palaces and pleasure gardens of the Emperor.

The outer buildings became a museum in 1914. Over 20,000 relics, excavated during the Cultural Revolution, are on display in the Imperial Palace Museum. Perhaps the most exciting discoveries came from the tomb of a Western Han prince and his wife (100 B.C. or earlier): two jade bodysuits joined with fine gold wire—the first of this type of burial dress ever to be excavated. They served as the burial dress of the great nobility, such as the Emperor, the kings and feudal princes of the Han dynasty. In addition to these treasures, the tomb contained more than 2,800 funerary objects, including bronze vessels, gold, silver, and jade objects, pottery lacquer ware, silk fabrics, and chariots and harnesses.

[Lc]

## BOAT RIDE ON WEST LAKE

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1972

### OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUS LING HOTEL GUESTS

1:45 p.m. The following depart the Sus Ling Hotel en route the Flower Fort Park (Hua Kong Guyun):

Asst. Sec. Green

Brig. Gen. Scowcroft

Mr. Scali

Mr. Buchanan

Miss Woods

Dir. Jenkins

Mr. Holdridge

Mr. Thomas

Mr. Platt

1:50 p.m. Sus Ling Hotel guests arrive at the park and are met by members of the PRC. Proceed through the park to the dock and board PRC boat.

Boat assignments on following page.

### VIP NOTE

1:45 p.m. Secretary Rogers proceeds to the President's villa and joins the President's motorcade.

1:55 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon, along with PRC officials, depart the Guest House via motorcade en route the Flower Fort Park.

### SPECIAL OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

The following accompany the President and Mrs. Nixon to the Flower Fort Park and boat ride:

Sec. Rogers

Dr. Kissinger

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 67 -

[LC]

BANQUET - HANG-CHOU HOTEL

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1972

Evening

Some members of the American party will proceed to Shanghai by Chinese aircraft, immediately after the banquet. At the conclusion of the banquet, those persons will board the motorcade en route Hang-chou Airport.

The following persons will travel to Shanghai on Saturday evening:

Mr. Thomas

Mr. Mehlert

Mr. Kovenock

Mr. Hartigan

Mr. Gold

BAGGAGE NOTE

Baggage for those individuals traveling to Shanghai the evening of the 26th will be picked up outside their respective rooms at 7:00 p.m.

7:15 p.m.

Secretary Rogers and other members of the official party staying at the Sus Ling Hotel depart for the Banquet Hall of the Hang-chou Hotel.

Upon arrival, Secretary Rogers and Asst. Sec. Green will be escorted to a holding room to await the arrival of the President. The rest of the official/unofficial party and the other guests will proceed to the Banquet Hall for pre-positioning.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 71 -

[L]

DEPART HANG-CHOU FOR SHANGHAI

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1972

<table><tr><td>7:00 a.m.</td><td>Baggage call at respective residences. Bags will be picked up outside individual rooms.<br/>NOTE: Film should not be put in baggage, hand carry it.</td></tr><tr><td>7:00 a.m.</td><td>Breakfast in respective residences.</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>8:40 a.m.</td><td>VIP AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS<br/>(SUS LING GUESTS)<br/>VIP's and staff staying at the Sus Ling Hotel depart en route Hang-chou Airport.</td></tr><tr><td>9:05 a.m.</td><td>Arrive airport. Board aircraft.<br/>Assignments same as on arrival.</td></tr></table>

8:45 a.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and U.S. party depart Guest House en route Hang-chou Airport.

<table><tr><td>9:00 a.m.</td><td>S '76 departs Hang-chou en route Shanghai.<br/><u>Passengers on board are:</u><br/>Brig. Gen. Scowcroft<br/>Brig. Gen. Redman<br/>2 USSS<br/>2 Press<br/>NOTE: Special arrangements will be made to transport staff on S '76 to the airport.</td></tr></table>

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 75 -

[L]

## HANG-CHOU AND WEST LAKE

The city of Hang-chou is China's most famous tourist site, noted not only for its physical beauty, but also the outstanding regional products of tea and silk, and a mild climate.

West Lake is the focal point for tourist and recreation activities in Hang-chou. Parks, playgrounds, and temples line the lakeside, and the road which circles the lake offers magnificent views of wooded hillsides, ornate temples, and shaded walkways. The most beautiful points around the lake are considered to be the "Ten Scenes," some of which are described below.

Located on the east side of the lake, the *Liu-lang-wen Ying* (Listening to Orioles Among the Willows) is the largest of a series of tree-shaded parks in the lake complex. Within it is the Pigeon Pavilion and a hall that is used by visitors while listening to the birds singing in their ornate cages.

The *Hang-chou Youth Palace*, north of the pavilion, was rebuilt from a former monastery. A series of halls and rooms provide a variety of youth-oriented recreational and educational facilities.

The *Ku Shan* or Lonely Hill is an island containing a number of tombs of martyrs and heroes, pavilions, parks, and other buildings. It was once known as Imperial Island because of the many summer palaces built there by the Emperors. Most of these structures now are used as public museums or libraries.

The other three islands in West Lake are reached only by the ubiquitous white canvas-topped boats that carry tourists on the lake. The largest island, *San-t'an Yin-yueh* (Three Pools that Mirror the Moon), consists of pools and walks that lead to a central islet. The island has been laid out in a manner typical of Chinese gardening, emphasizing an ingenious interplay of plants, rocks, and water. The series of pavilions, terraces, pools, gardens, and walks on the island are designed to give a maximum number of views in a restricted setting.

Crossing the lake from north to south is the *Sun Tung-plo Causeway*. About 1.2 miles in length, it is broken by six ornate bridges that are designated by such picturesque names as Reflecting Waves and Crossing the Rainbows. At the north end of the causeway is one of the "Ten Scenes," the *Ch'u-yuan Feng-ho* (Lotus in the Breeze at the Crooked Courtyard), the site of the former Imperial brewery.

[10]

ARRIVAL IN SHANGHAI - Continued

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1972

the exhibition will follow the President
and Mrs. Nixon through the exhibit.

The President and Mrs. Nixon proceed into the
exhibition hall.

Heavy machinery, electronic equipment, exhibits
of handicrafts, surgical techniques, textiles,
and light industry will be on display.

The party will pass through the entrance hall
and into another exhibition hall and stop for
tea and a brief rest.

The Tour continues--exhibits include meters and
instruments, medical equipment, textiles, light
industry, musical instruments, toys, arts and
crafts.

11:15 a.m. Tour concludes and the President and Mrs. Nixon bid farewell to their hosts and guides.

11:20 a.m. Depart for Ching Kiang Guest House.
(Assignments are the same as on arrival.)

11:25 a.m. Arrive Guest House.

The President and Mrs. Nixon, PRC officials,
Secretary Rogers, and Dr. Kissinger proceed to
a sitting room for tea.

OFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

Other members of the official party
proceed to their rooms. Room list on
the next page.

11:35 a.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon bid farewell to PRC

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 80 -

[Lc]

BANQUET AND CULTURAL SHOW - SHANGHAI

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1972

NOTE: All members of the American party are invited to the banquet and Cultural Show.

UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

7:10 p.m. Members of the unofficial party and other Americans attending the banquet depart Guest House for the Banquet Hall and will be in place for the President's arrival.

7:25 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and members of the official party depart via motorcade en route to Shanghai Exhibition Hall.

7:30 p.m. Arrive Exhibition Hall.

The President and Mrs. Nixon will be greeted by a member of the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee and other officials.

The President and Mrs. Nixon, Secretary Rogers, and Dr. Kissinger will be escorted to a sitting room by their hosts.

OFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

The other members of the official party will be escorted by PRC officials to their places for the banquet.

The President and Mrs. Nixon, Secretary Rogers, Dr. Kissinger and their hosts leave the sitting room and proceed into the Banquet Hall to Table No. One.

Banquet begins.

Exchange of toasts.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 83 -

[lc]

BANQUET AND CULTURAL SHOW, SHANGHAI - Continued

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1972

FULL PRESS COVERAGE

9:00 p.m. Banquet concludes.

The President and Mrs. Nixon are escorted to a sitting room by PRC officials. Secretary Rogers, Dr. Kissinger, and PRC officials join them in the sitting room.

All other members of the American party will be directed to the theater and their seats.

The President and Mrs. Nixon, PRC officials, Secretary Rogers, and Dr. Kissinger depart sitting room for the theater and take their seats.

9:15 p.m. Cultural Show begins.

10:15 p.m. Show concludes.

10:20 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and official party are escorted by PRC officials to the main lobby, bid farewell, and proceed to motorcade.

UNOFFICIAL PARTY INSTRUCTIONS

All others in the American party remain in the theater until directed to a separate motorcade for return to Guest House.

10:25 p.m. The President and Mrs. Nixon and official party depart via motorcade en route Guest House.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

- 84 -

[L]

## SUMMARY SCHEDULE

### MRS. NIXON'S ACTIVITIES IN CHINA

#### MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1972

Morning Arrive Peking

Proceed to Guest House with the President.

Afternoon OPEN

Evening Accompany President to Welcome Banquet.

#### TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1972

Morning Visit the Peking Hotel Kitchen.

Afternoon OPEN

Evening Accompany President to the Cultural Show.

#### WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1972

Morning Visit the Evergreen People's Commune.

Afternoon Visit to the Peking Glass Factory.

Evening Accompany President to the Gymnastic Event.

#### THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1972

Morning Accompany President to the Great Wall and Ming Tombs.

Afternoon OPEN - Possible shopping trip.

Evening OPEN

#### FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1972

Morning Accompany President to Forbidden City.

Afternoon Visit the Peking Children's Hospital.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

Mrs. Nixon - 1

[L]

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1972 - Continued

Evening Host Reciprocal Banquet with the President.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1972

Morning Depart for Hang-chou.

Afternoon Accompany President on a tour of West Lake.

Evening Accompany President to a dinner hosted by the Provincial Revolutionary Committee.

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1972

Morning Depart for Shanghai.

Afternoon Accompany President on tour of the Industrial Exhibition.

Afternoon Visit the Shanghai Children's Palace.

Evening Accompany President to the dinner hosted by the Municipal Revolutionary Committee of Shanghai.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1972

Morning Depart Shanghai en route Washington, D. C.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

Mrs. Nixon - 2

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR
MRS. NIXON'S VISIT TO CHINA

On all of her separate visits, Mrs. Nixon will be escorted from the Guest House by the wife of a leading official of the PRC. An interpreter furnished by the PRC will also be along. The party traveling with Mrs. Nixon will be kept to a minimum.

In each instance upon arrival at the location, Mrs. Nixon will be greeted first by "the leading or responsible member" of the particular activity she is visiting. There will usually be additional people in the greeting party, normally lesser officials of the activity and guides. Most greeting parties should consist of from three to six people. Questions will be welcomed by Mrs. Nixon's hosts. Direct dialog through an interpreter with the workers is possible, whether it be in a factory, hospital, kitchen, commune, or whatever.

[L.C]

PEKING HOTEL KITCHEN

Mrs. Nixon will arrive at the front entrance of the hotel where she will be met by the "responsible member" of the hotel staff. The party will be escorted to a sitting room off the main lobby and will be joined by additional hotel staff members including the chief cook and some of his staff. The leading member will present a short briefing on the history of the Peking Hotel. The chief cook will then present a short briefing on the kitchen operation. During the briefing tea will be served. At the conclusion of the briefing, Mrs. Nixon will be escorted into the kitchen by the chief cook.

The kitchen is divided into four separate sections. They are: processing and preparation of meat and vegetables, preparation of cold dishes, preparation of cakes and pastries, and the cooking area. Mrs. Nixon will be able to move about all of these areas. Mrs. Nixon will have an opportunity to sample small portions of some of the dishes being prepared if she so desires. The cooks take great pride in their work. They strive to have their food look as good as it tastes. As pointed out in an earlier cable, this kitchen caters to the diplomatic functions of the various embassies in Peking.

At the conclusion of the kitchen tour, Mrs. Nixon will be escorted to the main lobby where she will bid farewell to her host and depart.

[L]

VISIT TO EVERGREEN PEOPLE'S COMMUNE

9:15 a.m. Mrs. Nixon departs Guest House via motorcade en route Commune.

(Driving time: 15 mins.)

Assignments to be determined.

9:30 a.m. Motorcade arrives Commune. Mrs. Nixon is met by the Leader of the Revolutionary Committee of the Commune who will serve as host and guide.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

9:32 a.m. Mrs. Nixon and guide walk through the main entrance of the Commune to a meeting room for tea and a briefing.

9:35 a.m. Mrs. Nixon is briefed on the Commune. Tea will be served.

9:45 a.m. Mrs. Nixon departs briefing room and proceeds out main entrance to Commune, turns right and proceeds to medical dispensary.

9:50 a.m. Tour dispensary.

10:00 a.m. Depart dispensary en route primary school. Visit classrooms in session.

10:15 a.m. Depart primary school en route family quarters.

10:20 a.m. Visit two families.

10:40 a.m. Proceed through fields to hothouse where vegetables are growing.

10:55 a.m. Depart hothouse en route market area.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

Mrs. Nixon - 5

[Lc]

EVERGREEN PEOPLE'S COMMUNE

This is basically a walking tour. It will be necessary
to dress warmly, and warm comfortable footwear is a must.
The tour encompasses the entire spectrum of activity in
the commune. The highlights of the tour will be the visit
to the school classrooms, the visit to the family dwelling,
and the walk through the market place. The atmosphere
should be warm and friendly.

At this time of year the fields are obviously not planted,
so the commune takes great pride in their hothouses and
in being able to produce some vegetables and to grown
seedlings during the winter. The people are very dedicated
and hard working. They measure their contribution by the
yield of their crops.

Provided conditions are the same as they have been during
past visits to the commune, Mrs. Nixon should be in a
position to come in close contact with the people, es-
pecially at the market area.

[L]

TRIP TO PEKING GLASSWARE FACTORY

3:15 p.m. Motorcade departs Guest House en route Peking glassware factory.

(Driving time: 20 mins.)

Assignments to be determined.

3:35 p.m. Arrive glassware factory.

Mrs. Nixon is met at the factory by a Revolutionary Committee leader who will act as guide and host for the tour.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

3:37 p.m. Mrs. Nixon is escorted to the furnace building across the courtyard. Observation of raw materials being produced.

3:45 p.m. Depart the furnace room and walk across the courtyard to entrance of the main factory building. Walk upstairs to the third floor.

Proceed behind Mrs. Nixon into the factory and up the stairs and remain behind Mrs. Nixon throughout the tour.

3:50 p.m. Mrs. Nixon and party visit three separate rooms where workers are making glass flowers and figurines. These are separate work areas and it is possible to view the process up close.

Proceed down staircase to second floor where workers assemble figurines and flowers into final product.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

Mrs. Nixon - 7

[lc]

PEKING GLASSWARE FACTORY - Continued

4:10 p.m. Depart assembly room. Proceed to briefing room.

4:11 p.m. Arrive briefing room. Observe display of many products produced by the factory.

4:20 p.m. Briefing by Revolutionary Committee Leader.

NOTE: The briefing consists of factual background material and comparison of conditions, output, etc. between the days before the Revolution as compared to afterward.

SPECIAL NOTE

Mrs. Nixon and members of the party will have an opportunity to ask questions and make comments on the factory.

4:30 p.m. Depart the briefing room and proceed to the motorcade in the courtyard.

Mrs. Nixon bids farewell to her host.

4:35 p.m. Motorcade departs en route to the Guest House.

4:55 p.m. Arrive Guest House.

Mrs. Nixon proceeds to her suite.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

Mrs. Nixon - 8

[L]

PEKING GLASSWARE FACTORY

Upon arrival at the factory Mrs. Nixon will be met by the
factory's leading member, who will act as host and guide.
The factory building resembles a school in design. The
working areas are classroom size and contain four to six
separate working areas where glass figurines and flowers
are made from the raw materials produced by the factory.
It is possible to get a very close view of the workers
shaping the figurines out of the raw material.

The work areas are located on the third floor, accessible
by a narrow staircase. An assembly room where flowers
and arrangements are made is located on the second floor
as well as a display room. At the end of the tour Mrs.
Nixon will be invited for tea in the display room. The
leading member will then give a short backgrounder on the
factory. The party will be seated at a long narrow table
in the display room.

Throughout the tour Mrs. Nixon will be told of the im-
proving work conditions which have been instituted to
increase production capacity.

The leading member is very proud of the progress which
has been made but is quick to point out the need for im-
provement. At the conclusion of the briefing Mrs. Nixon
will have an opportunity to comment on what she has seen.

Mrs. Nixon will be escorted to her motorcade and bid fare-
well to her host and depart.

[L]

TRIP TO PEKING CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL

3:15 p.m. Motorcade departs Guest House en route Children's Hospital.

(Driving time: 10 mins.)

Assignments to be determined.

3:25 p.m. Motorcade arrives hospital. Mrs. Nixon is met by the head of the Revolutionary Committee for the hospital, who will act as host and guide.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

3:26 p.m. Mrs. Nixon proceeds into hospital and up two flights of stairs to a meeting room for briefing and tea.

NOTE: At the entrance to the meeting room, Mrs. Nixon and party will be greeted by additional members of the hospital staff. There will be several English speaking doctors.

3:30 p.m. Mrs. Nixon is briefed on hospital facilities and background information.

NOTE: Mrs. Nixon and party will wear white hospital coats during the tour.

3:40 p.m. Mrs. Nixon departs briefing room en route outpatient clinic, where the use of acupuncture for treating outpatients will be observed.

3:50 p.m. Mrs. Nixon departs outpatient clinic en route internal medicine wards where she will visit chronically ill patients in play rooms.

4:00 p.m. Mrs. Nixon will depart internal medicine wards en route pathology exhibit.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

Mrs. Nixon - 9

[1c]

PEKING CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL - Continued

4:05 p.m. Walk through pathology exhibit.

4:10 p.m. Depart pathology exhibit en route surgical recovery wards.

4:15 p.m. Visit patients in recovery wards in play rooms.

4:25 p.m. Return to briefing room for questions and comments.

NOTE: Tea will be served.

4:35 p.m. Depart briefing room en route motorcade.

4:37 p.m. Mrs. Nixon bids farewell to host and members of the hospital staff.

4:40 p.m. Motorcade departs en route Guest House.

4:50 p.m. Arrive Guest House.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

Mrs. Nixon - 10