[LC]

ENNO E. KRAEHE - PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1. **Purpose**: The aim of this proposal is the completion of a two-volume study entitled *Metternich's German Policy*. Volume I has the sub-title, *The Contest with Napoleon, 1799-1814* and was published by Princeton University Press in 1963. Volume II, which is my concern here, will have the sub-title *The Contest with Tsar Alexander, 1814-1820*. The research is virtually complete; what I need is mainly uninterrupted time to finish the manuscript.

2. **Significance**: Essentially this is a study in the relationship between ideology and power, between the social philosophy of a statesman and what the exigencies of real life require of him. Traditionally Metternich has been treated primarily as the defender of an international conservative order in Europe, German writers stressing his opposition to German nationalism, Western scholars his campaign against liberalism. Henry A. Kissinger, in his well known book, *A World Restored, Metternich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace 1812-1822* (London, 1957) sees Metternich's diplomacy as based mainly on a sophisticated concept of legitimacy.

In Volume I (Princeton, 1963) I argued that during the Napoleonic period Metternich subordinated ideological issues to a diplomatic program aimed at breaking Napoleon's continental hegemony while preventing a similar domination by Russia. His German policy was essentially a function of that grand strategy.

In Volume II I intend to continue this theme but with Alexander of Russia the main antagonist and Prussia only a subordinate factor. Austro-Russian rivalry on the plane of general European politics is a staple in the literature, but no one has examined in detail how it influenced Metternich's German policy and shaped the development of Germany. I myself did not begin with this theme as a hypothesis but rather came to it as a conclusion in the course of my research on such matters as boundary disputes, state constitutions, freedom of the press and universities, the establishment of a German federal army, and the ambivalent relations between Austria and Prussia. In all these and similar matters--many of which have never been investigated in detail--Russia, I have discovered, was no mere bystander but an active opponent of Austrian goals. As a result, Metternich's ideological positions were dictated less by conviction and class interest than by the need to find leverage with others.

In summary, then, the significance of the study lies in providing the first detailed study of Metternich's German policy, in shedding fresh light on the formation of modern Germany, and in disclosing new insights into the statecraft of one of history's most important foreign ministers. Among these insights I cherish

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KRAEHE - PROJECT DESCRIPTION - page 2

most the profound conviction that the actions and decisions
of responsible statesmen are not reducible to general laws of
social science but emanate from the play of intellect, character,
and experience on the concrete specifics of a situation. To use
an example from the realm of our present national concerns, it
is widely believed that Mr. Kissinger learned much from Prince
Metternich, but I am sure the main lesson is that there is no
substitute for facts objectively perceived and canny assessment
of them as they relate to our own immediate problems. At the
pinnacle of politics stands human creativity.

Reviewing Vol. I of my study in the *Revue d'histoire moderne* et contemporaine, Prof. Bertier de Sauvigny called the work "the most useful in many years, perhaps since the work of Heinrich von Srbik." Paul W. Schroeder, in the *Journal of Modern History* called the volume "certainly the best work in English on this period of Metternich's diplomacy and perhaps the best in any language." Needless to say, these and similar judgments have given me great encouragement, and I am anxious to complete Vol. II. After that I intend to indulge my abiding interest in the relationship between thought and action in other historical situations as well.

3. **Expected Result**: Definitely a book, which Princeton University Press expects to publish.

4. **History**: In a sense the project began in 1953 when I went to Vienna to study the later years of the German Confederation but concluded that the Metternich period was more in need of investigation. The result of those labors was volume one, which covered the period to 1814 and was published in 1963. I began the research for this volume on a six-week visit to the Haus-Hof-und Staatsarchiv in Vienna in the summer of 1965. Work languished thereafter because of other duties and the extra chores involved in moving from North Carolina to the University of Virginia in 1968.

In 1969 I was able to spend nine months working in European archives, namely, those in Vienna, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, London, and Prague. Since then I have used a reduced teaching load here at Virginia in the year 1969-70 and the summers of 1971 and 1972 to organize and digest the results of my research and feed into it much secondary literature I had previously missed.

At present the research is essentially complete--except
for lacunae that may be disclosed when I complete a manuscript
in first draft. This draft, as now sketched, will have 15
chapters. Writing is under way on the first, and several others

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KRAEHE - PROJECT DESCRIPTION - page 3

are partially written in the form of articles and papers read in recent years. If I receive a grant enabling me to spend a year without interruption, I am confident I can finish the project by 1 February 1974.

5. **Plan of Work:** Since the basic research has already been done, my work plan simply calls for sitting at the typewriter eight hours or so daily until the first draft of my manuscript has been written. The University of Virginia has assigned me a study room in the library for this purpose. I estimate that I will finish this work by about 1 October 1973. During this period I shall use my graduate assistant to help read microfilm, keep my files in order, put footnotes and bibliography into proper form, and track down miscellaneous information as necessary. On two special topics, the military organization of the German Confederation and the South-German territorial dispute, my materials are so voluminous that I shall need his help in reducing them to manageable order.

When the first draft is finished, I shall know more precisely what gaps, if any, exist. If further travel is indicated, the most likely sites are the old Prussian state archives in Merseburg, East Germany, for reports of the Prussian ambassador to Vienna; the state archives of Lower Saxony, for more information on the use Metternich made of Count Munster; and the state archives in Munich and Vienna for odds and ends that I may have missed before. (A visit to Merseburg always depends on receiving permission, and I am making inquiries about that now.) These plans are tentative but for the purposes of budgeting I believe they are realistic.

On returning home about the end of November I would then make such changes in the manuscript as the new material required. I think the revisions could be made and a final draft produced by February, 1974. At least that is my goal.

6. **Funding:** Direct support for this project has been provided by

The Duke-North Carolina Co-operative Program in
the Humanities, Summer, 1965 ($2000)

ACLS Fellowship 1969 ($2500)

Research leave, U. of Virginia, one semester, 1969,
with salary.

The project has also been shared in the benefits from a reduced teaching load for three semesters and two summers with pay made possible by the Center for Advanced Study, U. of Virginia.

[L]

ENNO E. KRAEHE: CURRICULUM VITAE

1. Born December 9, 1921, St. Louis, Missouri. Married; two children, born 1947 and 1950. Episcopalian.

2. Present position: Commonwealth Professor of History, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. (22903).

3. Education: A.B., Univ. of Mo. (1943); M.A., Univ. of Mo. (1944); Ph.D., Univ. of Minnesota (1948) with major in history, minor in philosophy. Dissertation: *A History of the German Confederation, 1850-1866*.

4. Teaching Experience:

Instructor, Univ. of Mo., 1943-44.

Teaching Assistant and Instructor, Univ. of Minn., 1944-46.

Instructor, Univ. of Delaware, 1946-48.

Assis. Prof. to Professor, Univ. of Kentucky, 1948-64.

Professor, Univ. of No. Carolina, 1964-1968.

Professor, Univ. of Va., 1968-71; Member Center for Advanced Studies, 1968-70.

Commonwealth Professor, Univ. of Va., 1971-

Visiting Professor:

Univ. of Mo., Summer, 1946.

Univ. of Virginia, Summer, 1955.

Univ. of Texas, Fall Semester, 1955-56.

Univ. of Minnesota, Summer, 1963.

Courses taught have been in Europe since 1815 at freshman, advanced, and graduate levels. Also European Intellectual History since the Seventeenth Century. Seminars in German History, Nineteenth Century Europe, Historiography, and Philosophy of History. The emphasis has been on military, diplomatic, and intellectual since my main concern is the study of different kinds of thought, and this combination affords the widest contrasts between the concrete and the abstract.

5. Books: Metternich's German Policy, Vol. I: *The Contest with Napoleon, 1799-1814* (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1963). Vol. II: *The Contest with Alexander, 1814-1820* in preparation.

*The Metternich Controversy*, edited by Enno E. Kraehe (N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971).

[10]

KRAEHE - VITA - 2

6. Articles:

"Foreign Policy and the Nationality Problem in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1800-1867," *Austrian History Yearbook*, Vol. III, Pt. 3 (1967), 3-36.

"Idéologie et raison d'état dans la politique allemande de Metternich, 1809-1820," *Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine*, XIII (1966), 181-195.

"Practical Politics in the German Confederation: Bismarck and the Commercial Code," *Journal of Modern History*, XXV (1953), 13-24.

"Austria and the Problem of Reform in the German Confederation, 1850-63," *American Historical Review*, LVI (1950-51), 276-294.

"The United Nations in the Light of the Experiences of the German Confederation," *South Atlantic Quarterly*, Vol. 49 (1950), 138-149.

"Germany: The Revolutionary-Napoleonic Period, 1789-1815," *Encyclopedia Americana* (N.Y. 1971), XII, 670-72.

"Eastern Europe and World Affairs," Ch. I in Irwin Sanders (ed.), *Collectivization of Agriculture in Eastern Europe* (Lexington: U. of Ky. Press, 1958).

"The Motives Behind the Maginot Line," *Military Affairs*, VIII (1944), 109-122.

About five articles of a quasi-professional character.

7. Professional Offices and Special Assignments:

Board of Editors, *Central European History*, 1967-72.

Board of Editors, *Austrian History Yearbook*, 1969-

Conference Group for Central European History:

Member Executive Board, 1966-68.

Acting Chairman Committee on Publications, 1965.

Nominating Committee, 1962; 1972.

Vice Chairman, Program Committee, *Southern Historical Association*, 1963-64.

[LC]

KRAEHE - VITA - 3

U.S. Specialist in Germany for the State Department,
Summer, 1953:

Advisor on Textbook revision to <u>Arbeitsgemeinschaft der bayerischen Lehrer- und Erzieherverbände.</u>

Conducted seminar for Munich Gymnasium teachers.

Member, Regional Selection Committee, Woodrow Wilson
National Fellowship Foundation, 1959-60.

Member, Board of Visiting Examiners, University of
Virginia Honors Program, May, 1965.

Member, Screening Committee for History, Senior Fulbright-Hayes Program. Committee on International Exchange of Persons, 1970-73; Chairman, 1970-73.

8. Fellowships and Awards:

Fulbright Research Scholar in Austria, 1952-53.

John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, 1960-61.

Duke-North Carolina Co-operative Program in the
Humanities, Summer, 1965.

American Council of Learned Societies, Fellowship, 1969.

9. Professional Meetings and Papers:

Attended Thirteenth Congress of Historical Sciences,
Moscow, August 16-23, 1970.

Official United States discussant in session, "Bilan du
monde en 1815," at Twelfth International Congress of the
Historical Sciences, Vienna, August, 1965.

Represented U. of Ky. at the Eleventh Congress of the
Historical Sciences, Stockholm, August, 1960.

Paper: "Austria, Russia, and the German Problem 1815-1820," Eleventh Annual Southern Conference on Slavic Studies, Miami, Fla., October, 1972.

Paper: "The Carlsbad Decrees: Some Perspectives," Amer.
Hist. Assoc., New York, December, 1971.

KRAEHE - VITA - 5

Chairman, Univ. Committee on Admissions Policy.
Chairman, AAUP Committee on Leaves of Absence.
Member, Executive Council, AAUP.
Chairman, Division of Social Sciences.
President, Humanities Club.
President, local chapter, Phi Beta Kappa.

At the Univ. of North Carolina:

Chairman, Dept. of History, curriculum committee.
Appointment to Institute for Research in the Social Sciences.

At the Univ. of Virginia:

Chairman, Committee on Summer Grants.

12. References:

Prof. Gordon A. Craig, Department of History, Stanford
Univ., Stanford, Calif. 94305.

Prof. Robert A. Kann, 143 Loomis Court, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.

Prof. R. John Rath, Department of History, Rice University,
Houston, Texas 77001.

[Y]

Peter:

I leave the response to this to your
wisdom. It's up to you to decide if
HAK's answer is yes or no.

Dianne

FORUM FOR CONTEMPORARY HISTORY

January 5, 1972

The Honorable Henry A. Kissinger,
2527 Waterside Drive,
Washington, D.C.

Dear Mr. Kissinger,

I am writing at the suggestion of our Editorial Review Committee to
induce you, if I can, to take part in an experiment. You will note
from the material enclosed that we have enlisted the cooperation of
several distinguished Americans. With their help we are attempting
to conceive anew an old but long neglected American custom. I
earnestly hope that we can persuade you to contribute your experience
and reflections.

In brief, the object of this effort is to create avenues for public
discussions outside those provided by existing media and established
formal channels. We hope to do this by eliciting informal reflections
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publish them, in the form of signed letters, without intervention by
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popular standing of the author or his views.

Upon receipt by us, a letter is sent, over the signature of the author
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tinent responses, are sent to the author of the original letter. (The
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I ought perhaps to emphasize that the Forum bears no affiliation with
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The Forum's membership includes, in addition to individuals, a number
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If we can trust to expert opinion, we should by the end of next year,
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ly the idea of a series of "open letters to the world" - in a Review
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The first dozen or so letters will carry a particularly heavy burden.
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P. O. Box 127 Stearns Wharf, Santa Barbara, California 93101 Telephone (805) 966-3985

Page Two

echoes of Thoreau declaiming on civil disobedience, or Burke writing
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We hope, too, that the arguments made in many of the letters to the
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Because of the extra load to be carried by the pump-priming letters, we asked the Review Committee to think hard on nominees for authorship. We asked for names of persons who, in addition to being active in public life, in the professions, or in the world of letters, would also be likely to help us forge a model of expression, one that might encourage future authors to their liveliest efforts. My question is, can we enlist your participation through authorship of a letter?

The topic would, of course be of your own choosing. The letter, custom-
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Very truly yours,

P.S.

If you have any questions, please feel free to telephone me, and to reverse
the charges.

[c]

CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT
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First Amendment

Constitution of the United States

Although guaranteed by the First Amendment 180 years ago and reaffirmed
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Many thoughtful people of every political persuasion are profoundly dis-
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The founders of the Forum for Contemporary History believe that as a con-
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The Forum was organized to share this responsibility, to help preserve the freedom of expression by providing a new kind of open forum which will not only permit, but actively encourage the free, uncensored expression and dissemination of ideas and opinions, however sensitive or controversial. And without regard to the politics, philosophies or life styles of those who deserve — by virtue of their roles in contemporary history — to be heard.

A Bold New Journalistic Experiment

The Forum for Contemporary History will commission, publish and dis-
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[lc]

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[L]

In addition, the Forum will commission and publish appropriate books, studies and papers... sponsor and present symposia, seminars, open meeting forums and workshops... produce pre-recorded tapes and tape cassettes ... institute continuing education courses.

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[LC]

# FORUM FOR CONTEMPORARY HISTORY

## Officers

JAMES L. BARTLETT, III
President-Publisher

HENRY B. BURNETT, Jr.
Vice President

EDWARD ENGBERG
Vice President-Editorial Director

JOHN H. RICHARDS
Vice President

## Board of Governors

ERIC H. BOEHM, Ph.D.
President
American Bibliographical Center

CHRISTOPHER H. BONE, Ph.D.
Historian
Washington State University

ALFRED M. FEILER
President
Coast Environment Magazine

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Attorney

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President
Rice, Kerr & Company

CHRISTOPHER STAGG
President
Stagg, Dale & Archer

ARTHUR ZEIKEL
Chairman
Standard & Poors/Intercapital

## Editorial Review Committee

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Ph.D.
Historian
Yale University

ERWIN D. CANHAM
Editor-in-Chief
*The Christian Science Monitor*

HONORABLE RAMSEY CLARK

JOHN COGLEY
Senior Fellow
Editor, *Center Magazine*
Center for the Study of
Democratic Institutions

PAUL R. EHRLICH, Ph.D.
Biologist
Stanford University

BARRY M. GOLDWATER
United States Senator

HONORABLE CHARLES E. GOODELL

RICHARD GOODWIN
Writer

IRVING LOUIS HOROWITZ
Editor-in-Chief
*transaction*

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Federal Communications Commission

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Author

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*The New Yorker*

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Author

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Chairman
Dreyfus Corporation

IRVING STONE
Author

ROBERT TOWNSEND
Author

DONALD W. TREADGOLD, Ph.D.
Historian
University of Washington

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[c]

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## FORUM FOR CONTEMPORARY HISTORY

11661 San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90049

### FORUM FOR CONTEMPORARY HISTORY

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Gentlemen:

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COMMITTEES:
EDUCATION AND LABOR
SCIENCE AND ASTRONAUTICS

Congress of the United States
House of Representatives
Washington, D.C. 20515

October 16, 1973

The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
President of the United States of America
The White House Office
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, D. C. 20500

Dear Mr. President:

All Americans are indebted to Henry Kissinger for his perser-
verance in working with you to achieve a negotiated settlement of the
Vietnam War. I join other members of Congress in congratulating the
Secretary of State on his selection as co-recipient of the Nobel Peace
Prize.

Perhaps no one is better qualified than Secretary Kissinger to
help in achieving peace in the Middle East. For that reason, I am
writing to urge that you make Secretary Kissinger available to all
parties in the conflict to seek an early end to the fighting.

MLE:edm

CC: Mr. Kissinger

WASHINGTON OFFICE
412 CANNON BUILDING
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515
PHONE: 202-225-4401

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ACTION

is assigned to

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF

1973 OCT 19 PM 2 40

RS/AN
ANALYSIS BRANCH

020081

[Y]

11/24/75

Sir:

Here are the pictures taken at Bob Evans'
testimonial dinner in New York. Do you
want them sent home?

Yes ____ No, put them in the gift closet ____

ssm