can to function and, on May 22nd of the same year, it became an independent
organisation, registering itself, as in duty bound, as a charity, under the War Charities
Act of 1916. Its first grant of relief—a modest one, for money was scarce in those
days and the Fund had yet to make its great appeal to the hearts of the people—was
made on behalf of the children of Vienna, who were suffering great privation in those
early months after the world war, and within a few weeks the international aspect,
which has become characteristic of the work, began to develop by the allocation of
grants to Armenia, Germany, Serbia and Czechoslovakia. Five years of intensiv
effort have resulted in the assisting of hundreds of thousands of children, robbed
circumstances of the primal needs of life. The total sum raised approaches £1,900,000.
The ideal, "To preserve child life wherever it is menaced by conditions of economic
hardship and distress, without political or sectarian bias", has made headway in most
of the countries of the world.

The initiative taken by the Save the Children Fund was chiefly responsible for the
formation of the Union Internationale de Secours aux Enfants (Save the Children
Fund International Union), with its headquarters in Geneva and affiliated and
associated committees, at the present day, in no fewer than thirty-five countries, to
say nothing of the many local committees of the Save the Children Fund itself scattered
abroad throughout the British Empire. The activities of the Fund have, indeed, been
Empire-wide. The self-governing Dominions, India, the Colonies—all have contri-
buted generously to the magnificent result accorded above. Readers of these pages
have been kept informed of the detailed activities of the past five years, but it may be
of interest to reproduce some of the main points in the report for the year, 1923, which
the present writer had the privilege of presenting to the annual meeting of the Council
of the Save the Children Fund International Union—an assembly composed of repre-
sentatives of many different nations—at Geneva, on February 28th and 29th last.

The year under review was dominated, in the minds of those intimately concerned
in the day-by-day work of the Fund, by the death of Lord Weardale, our first president.
Lord Weardale was one who never spared himself in the cause, and his almost daily
attendances at the office, his wide experience, his sympathy and his decision, went far
to create the success which the Fund has achieved. The Duke of Atholl succeeded to
the presidency, and Lady Weardale became vice-president and a member of the
Council.

During the year which had elapsed since the last international Council meeting,
the Save the Children Fund completed its financial year, 1922-23, during which the
total amount received in donations was £321,388, which, with the carry-over of
191,208, made the sum administered during the year, £502,596. The money raised
was mostly devoted to relief in Russia, where the Save the Children Fund carried out
its work under the aegis of the International Union. Mr. Laurence Webster, the
Fund's chief administrator, was also the delegate of the International Union, and this
somewhat difficult method of administration met with complete success, thanks to
the amicable relations which have always existed between the Fund and the Union.

THE LIBERAL FLASHLIGHT.

## WHO MADE THINGS SO BAD?

In the illustration on the opposite page, Mr. Low shows us John Bull and his house in danger from the rising flood of Unemployment. The picture is drawn at the moment when the Government Plumbers arrive. John Bull had sent them word that there was something seriously wrong. The Plumbers are Sir Alfred Mond (a speaking likeness), Dr. Macnamara (nose perhaps slightly overdone—teeth excellent), and Sir Robert Horne with the tool-bag on his back. They come in, splashing and snorting, astride of the two-headed Ass—which is Mr. Low's simple and telling illustration of the Coalition Government.

These Government Plumbers make out that they have come to put things right. But how late they are! Look at the mess the house is in. It is all very well to come prancing up (so to speak) when all the damage has been done.

**Who is responsible for letting things get as bad as this?**

**The Coalition Government is responsible.**

During the past three years the Government has done many things to make trade worse than it need be. Here are three examples:-

(1) IT HAS HINDERED the commercial recovery of the countries of Europe by making a bad Peace. These countries used to be our best customers; and we have bad trade to-day because they are too poor to buy from us. Our own Government has helped to make them so.

(2) IT HAS HINDERED our own trade by putting up special trade-barriers like the Reparations Act and the Safeguarding of Industries Act.

(3) IT HAS HINDERED all new business and crippled much old business by heavy taxation. In three years it has wasted £300,000,000 on military adventures. If this had been available for business (instead of being taken in taxes) there would have been far less unemployment.

The Government has **impoverished** our customers;

It has **built a Tariff** Wall round us;

It has **wasted** our Capital.

THESE ARE SOME OF THE CHIEF REASONS WHY THERE ARE A MILLION-AND-A-HALF PEOPLE OUT OF WORK.

THE LIBERAL FLASHLIGHT.

[By kind permission of "The Star."

Read the Opposite Page.

THE LIBERAL FLASHLIGHT.

FOR THE NOTE-BOOK.

A Thousand
Times More.

"This was the third year of a victorious peace; and the
Government was proposing to spend in the year 1921-22
£204,000,000 on war services, and £200,000 on the reduction of
slums."—(Speech by Dr. Addison. *Daily News*, October 10,
1921).

Twelve Months'
Work.

On August 17th, 1920, Mr. Lloyd George told the House of
Commons that the Government was seriously considering the
question of Unemployment.

Twelve months passed.

On August 17th, 1921, Dr. Macnamara told the House of
Commons that all the Government's schemes put together had
never employed more than 100,000 men.

At that date the number of the Unemployed was 1,572,000.

Will they do any better in the next twelve months? Probably
not.

Viscount Crey on
The Coalition Government.

"They are men who before the war had no common grounds of politics, no common conviction, no common set of principles, nothing which ordinarily brings people together in a Government; and the result has been that a Coalition Government, justified for the purposes of the war, has found itself in time of peace without any settled policy. They have gone from one policy to another. There has been on every subject almost a jumble and changing of policies which has impaired public confidence."—(Speech at Berwick, October 10, 1921).

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT
THE
LIBERAL
MAGAZINE

"Full of useful material, not only for Liberal speakers, but for all Liberals who desire to defend the faith that is in them."

(Westminster Gazette,
Oct. 7, 1921.)

SEND FOR A COPY.

42, Parliament Street, London.

SIXPENCE MONTHLY.

Printed by LOXLEY BROTHERS LIMITED, Whitefriars House, Carmelite Street, E.C. 4

BIRTHDAY GREETINGS

By permission of the "Evening Standard," Nov. 8th

JOINT COMMITTEE FOR SOVIET AID

Registered under the War Charities Act, 1940

Chairman : HEWLETT JOHNSON, Dean of Canterbury

Vice-Chairman : Mrs. D. N. PRITT

Hon. Treasurer : Sir PETER CHALMERS MITCHELL, C.B.E., F.R.S.

Hon. Medical Adviser : THE LORD HORDER, G.C.V.O.

Chairman of Executive Committee : A. T. D'EYE, M.A.

Secretary : Mrs. B. ROTHMAN

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : The Officers and

Chairman of Medical Aid Committee : A. T. D'EYE, M.A.

Chairman of Comforts Committee : Mrs. HENRY MARTIN

Chairman of Five Arts Committee : Mrs. JOSEPH MACLEOD

UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF
HIS EXCELLENCY THE SOVIET AMBASSADOR

171 ST. STEPHEN'S HOUSE, WESTMINSTER, S.W.1
(Entrance in Cannon Row)

Telephone : ABBEY 7447-8, 3795-6-7

# REUNION

By
VASSILY GROSSMAN

How can I say what we felt when we again beheld the white cottages, the ponds overgrown with bright duckweed, the tall poplars and the dahlias looking out from behind the fences—when the soft breath of the Ukraine was first wafted in our faces and she appeared before us in her inexpressible charm, in her grief and anger, in the richness of her land, in black tatters and heaps of ashes, in the splendour of her generous orchards, in fire and in tears?

The great sleepless infantry, in its hard, holy march, is overtaking the tanks and the air force. This is the tread of a people which is freeing itself and its land, marching forward day and night in rain and mud, breast-deep in water, pushing aside prickling twigs in dense forests, boots ploughing up the fat soil of the wet fields. This is the fastest, easiest, surest tread in the world. Neither birds nor aeroplanes can keep up with it.

What is it that makes people march and sing though reeling with fatigue, sleep in ditches under the rain and smile in their sleep, and be ready to die while glorying in life?

## Space and Time

At the sound of Russian speech old men rush to meet our troops and weep silently, unable to utter a word, and the old, wise peasant women exclaim with restrained surprise. Their brothers have come from Siberia, the Volga, and the Kazakh steppes to lift the grief from the Ukraine.

Our armies are moving westward by the roads along which they retreated eastward in the autumn of 1941. We are recovering the cities we abandoned to the Germans in the terrible August, September, October of 1941.

We are marching westward not only in space but in time. We recovered Orel, Mtsensk, Bolkhov, Kharkov, Bielgorod,

Stalino, and it was like going back to October, 1941. We liberated Kremeng-chug, Glukhov, Roslavl, Poltava, Nezhin, Chernigov, and were back in September, 1941.

Soon the Red Army, having reached the frontiers, will restore to our people and to mankind the dawn and the hour when the boundary posts crunched under the weight of tanks. On that day we will put the calendar back in its place. We will say: The time stolen by the beast has been retrieved for man, for reason, for creative labour, and for history.

New cities will arise in place of those that lie in ashes, fields overgrown with weeds will again be planted to wheat, rye, and barley, young woods will sprout, gay white cottages will rise on the village ruins, the Donbas will come back to life.

## We Shall Remember

But no power on earth can bring our dead mothers and sons back to life, or smooth out the lines of bitter care, or give back sight to eyes blinded with tears, or youth to those grown old before their time.

The day of judgment will be a day of triumph, rejoicing and victory, and also of tears and grief. On that day we shall remember all who have fallen in battle, all who have been tortured to death and trampled into the ground, all who have died in captivity.

For two years the Chernigov and Kiev regions represented the German rear. For two years the regions along the Dnieper were separated from us by a wall 200 miles thick. In these lands the Germans regarded themselves as masters for ever.

On the banks of the Desna and the Dnieper, in the land between the two rivers, dozens of villages lie in ashes. I have seen the village of Kozary, between

Nezhin and Kozeletz, where crosses stand on black heaps of ashes. Here old women and children were herded inside cottages and burned to death. The crosses were put up by relatives on the heaps where lie the charred bones of the dead.

On the right bank of the Desna lies the murdered village of Suvid which shared the martyrdom of Kozary. I have seen the corpses of the neighbouring villages: Voropayevo, Starovoropayevo, and Zhu-kan. I have seen the executed villages of Kuvechichi, west of Chernigov, seen Bodyanki and Tamarovka. I have seen dozens of charred villages in the Chernigov and Kiev regions, fired by the Germans before their withdrawal across the Dnieper.

The fires are still smouldering. The air is suffused with the heavy odour of burnt clay, and tens of thousands of people left without a roof are sitting under the gloomy autumn sky, or sheltering from the rain and wind in shacks covered with twigs and wisps of straw.

## Murderers of Cities

The Nazis execute not only individuals but whole villages and cities. Squads of incendiaries murder villages, streets, and cities.

I have seen Glukhov, Krolevetz, Nezhin, Kozeletz, Ostyor—Chernigov has been murdered. Not a single living house is left. Ostyor and Glukhov are severely wounded. Verdant Kozeletz was left unseathed. The Germans were in such a hurry to get out that they didn't stop to destroy it.

Every Red Army officer and general who has seen the Ukraine in blood and on fire, who has heard the people's story of these two past years, realises with all his heart and soul that two sacred words are now alive in our land: the sacred words love—and vengeance.

Mankind has never before in all its history known such crimes or such cruelty. Vast territories, hundreds of towns and thousands of villages are involved. We are confronted by the organised murder of millions of children, women, old men, war prisoners and wounded, by an attempt to enslave a great nation.

The German "agricultural economists" left no doubt in the peasants' mind as to what they were after in the Ukraine. The collective farms were turned into

"communities." In 1943 the local commandants, working through the elders and village burgomasters, began to organise what they called a "ten-cottage system," or cultivation by groups of ten households each. The wooden plough, the sickle, mattock and antediluvian handmill came again into use.

## Rich Farmers Become Serfs

Under the Soviet State the collective farms had received unstinted assistance, implements, fuel and credits. The Fascists in their two years' rule gave nothing whatever to the peasants of Chernigov and Kiev. The ploughs were pulled by the farmers themselves, by cows or famished horses.

The burdens imposed on the peasantry were so heavy that within a year the richest Ukrainian farmers had become serfs. The Germans took away the entire harvest of 1942, leaving only a starvation ration. Every household had to pay a *per capita* tax. The flour mills exacted such atrocious charges for milling that the peasants preferred to use handmills contrived from shell cases and wooden clubs lined with iron. It was painfully hard to grind grain in these hand-made mills, which had to be used secretly, as the Germans had banned them.

In two years the Germans did not supply the Ukrainian countryside with a single box of matches, a pint of kerosene, an inch of cloth. The shops were empty. Here and there were barter centres where the Nazis traded salt for eggs and poultry at extortionate rates.

The economic policy of German-Fascism in the Ukrainian countryside was characterised by a callous, arrogant frankness. They didn't bother to wear the highwayman's mask. They had an utter contempt for the population. They expressed themselves with curses, floggings, slaps in the face. Every German official, both military and civilian, showed the same arrogant contempt for the great Ukrainian people, the free Cossacks, the Ukrainians, creators of wonderful songs, who have turned their country into a flowering garden and a rich wheatfield, who are proud and conscious of their merits.

The wrath of these people expressed itself in guerrilla struggles behind the enemy lines. The guerrillas controlled whole districts and dozens of important

roads. In many places they dictated to the German-appointed elders and burgo-masters, telling them what was to be done with the crops and farm produce, and the elders complied, because the guerrillas represented a more real force than the Germans.

German policemen fled with their families from dozens of villages of the Chernigov region. They felt safer in the towns. Everywhere between the Desna and the Dnieper there are signs of German dread of the Partisans. The forests are cut back hundreds of yards from both sides of the roads, to keep the Partisans at a distance.

Many of the villages were fortified against the guerrillas: stockades made of huge pine logs were surrounded by trenches and barbed wire. Bunkers and blockhouses with apertures stood on the fringes of the forests.

## The People from the Forests

Now they are coming from their forests, the glorious warriors of the Ukraine: bearded, middle-aged men, lads with fur caps worn at a jaunty angle, young women, old women with kerchiefs on their heads as they wear them in the village.

They marched in serried ranks, armed with rifles and German tommy-guns, with grenades suspended from their belts. Now their carts roll by on creaking wheels, and their softly snorting horses dance past. Their artillerymen sit astride German guns mounted on peasant wagons urging on the horses that stagger in the white sand of the river bank.

They are coming from their forests. They are the people's immortal soul. They are the pride, the courage, the freedom, the dignity of the Ukraine.

From the JOINT COMMITTEE FOR SOVIET AID to General "Lightning" VATUTIN, Red Army High Command:

> "In deep admiration of your military prowess we beg to salute your troops and pledge to you and to them our fullest efforts in helping the people you have liberated."

We have pledged ourselves to General Vatutin and his Red Army troops. We cannot keep this pledge without YOUR help.

The need for your support is urgent. Send donations to:

Comforts Committee

Joint Committee for Soviet Aid

171 St. Stephen's House

ABBEY 7447-8

Westminster, S.W.1

Printed by the London Caledonian Press Ltd. (T.U. all depts.), 74 Swinton Street, W.C.1-15791

LACK OF IMAGINATION PROBABLY ACCOUNTS FOR more unkindness and indifference than actual callousness or hatred. Sometimes we do not know the facts: sometimes we do not want to know them. In every case we are responsible for what we should have foreseen. Let 'The Haunted Queue' trouble your imagination and disturb your conscience, for the facts about the world shortage of food are known to all of us. Sometimes they seem to have little meaning, except in the way they affect us—a restricted diet, darker bread, some queues. But we must realise what it means to others. 'Too much to let them die quickly: too little to let them live long.' Slow death by starvation. We have a special obligation to the peoples of India and Germany because we as a nation have assumed responsibility for their welfare, but we cannot evade some responsibility for all those who are in such desperate need. Is Victor Gollancz right when he says, 'and we are at present starving them, not deliberately in the sense that we definitely wish them to die, but wilfully in the sense that we prefer their death to our inconvenience'?

The problem can only be solved by international action on a plane where Governments alone can have the full knowledge necessary to make right decisions. But if we cannot plan the details, we can help to supply the moral backing. We can say that quite irrespective of what any other country may or may not do we should make the maximum contribution in our power to the relief of suffering—and that we have not done that yet. We can urge that in allocating supplies the criterion should be the extent of need and nothing else whatsoever.

Write and tell the Prime Minister that you are ready to put up with any inconvenience or hardship for that purpose. There is one way in which individuals could make a personal contribution—by sending parcels of food to others in greater need. At present, though parcels of food from other countries are allowed to be received here we are not allowed to send parcels out. Ask the Government for the necessary postal facilities to any who want to help in this way.

Write to the Prime Minister and your M.P. before you go to bed to-night.

Printed for the publishers by KENION PRESS LTD., High St., Slough, Bucks.

LOOK AFTER THE
CHILDREN

GERMAN
APPEAL

THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND
40 GORDON SQUARE, LONDON, W.C.I.

THE GERMAN APPEAL COMMITTEE OF THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND, one of the five societies forming the German Refugees Assistance Fund, being charged with special responsibility for the care of refugee children, has decided to make a Christmas appeal on their behalf.

Christmas will be a tragic time for thousands of children rendered destitute by the political revolution in Germany. These innocent victims are faced with starvation, with the bitterness of life in refugee shelters without adequate clothing, beds, or warmth, with the awful loneliness of exile from those friends and places which were becoming part of their childhood experience. For them, Christmas brings not a message of hope, but a cruel reminder of the hopelessness of their position.

Cannot our nation, with its traditional generosity, hear the unexpressed appeal of these children and the silent cry from their parents to do something to relieve their misery? In the midst of Christmas celebrations, the thought that these children are starving must surely lead to a generous response.

We, the undersigned, earnestly support this appeal; we ask you to play a generous part in rescuing, for humanity's sake, this youngest generation from the destitution with which they are now faced through no fault of their own.

Please send contributions to the Hon. Treasurer, Mr. H. D. Watson, C.I.E., C.B.E., The Save the Children Fund German Appeal Committee, 40, Gordon Square, London, W.C.I.

## WHAT WE WANT TO DO

IT IS DIFFICULT TO ESTIMATE exactly the number of child victims of the present régime who are in urgent need of help, because the problem alters from day to day. In various countries new homes are being found for refugee children; but in most places, unfortunately, this is possible only on a very small scale. In any case, including those inside Germany and in the surrounding countries, there are several thousand children in urgent need of help.

In Switzerland, Holland, Czechoslovakia, France, Belgium, Spain, and Sweden, besides our own country, there is an incessant demand for funds to supply the barest necessities for the refugees in Germany itself, which as a matter of organisation could be done if we had the wherewithal to carry on the work.

The extent and character of the relief carried out by the Save the Children Fund must necessarily depend upon the funds available. During the last fourteen years, the Fund has gained vast experience through work of a similar nature in various countries, and it proposes to carry out for the German children work on the method which has been found to be the most economical and successful, varying in degree according to the number of children in urgent need and the funds available.

(1) **Emergency Feeding Kitchens.** In these any number of children from 100 upwards per kitchen are given one good sustaining meal (one course) a day at a cost of about 3½d. per head for a minimum of 100. (The Save the Children Fund supplied 137,695,323 such meals in two years to starving children.)

(2) **Day Nurseries** (for children 2 to 10) and **Occupational Centres** with modified school curriculum (for children of 10 upwards), at which the pupils are fed and cared for all through the day, returning to their parents at night. The cost of such relief is about 1s. 3d. per head.

(3) **Institutional Care**, full responsibility for the clothing, feeding, and housing of the children being accepted. The cost per head would be about 2s. to 3Os. per month in France.

(4) **"Adoption"** while at some institution or in the care of the children's own families. This system has been employed very extensively by the Save the Children Fund. Individual subscribers earmark their contributions for the assistance of specific children and are put into correspondence with them if they wish. The money contributed is used to maintain the child. The donation under this scheme, to be effective, should not be less than 5s. per week, but welcome help can be given for 2s. 6d. per week. The cost is, of course, approximate, as it necessarily varies slightly in the several countries according to the rate of exchange.

## THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND
GERMAN APPEAL COMMITTEE

(Affiliated to the German Refugees Assistance Fund)

### Patrons:

HIS GRACE THE LORD ARCHBISHOP OF YORK, D.D.

THE VERY REV. THE CHIEF RABBI, D.Ph.

THE RT. HON. LORD NOEL-BUXTON, P.C.

THE COUNTESS OF OXFORD AND ASQUITH

THE VISCOUNTESS GLADSTONE, G.B.E.

SIR MICHAEL SADLER, C.B., K.C.S.I.

DAME SYBIL THORNDIKE, D.B.E., LL.D.

MR. VERNON BARTLETT

MR. ARNOLD BAX

MISS HARRIET COHEN, F.R.A.M.

THE REV. R. C. GILLIE, D.Litt.

MR. LESLIE HENSON

MR. DAVID LOW

MISS ROSE MACAULAY

PROFESSOR GILBERT MURRAY, D.Litt.

MR. J. B. PRIESTLEY

MR. H. G. WELLS

Chairman: MRS. AYRTON GOULD, J.P.

40 Gordon Square, London, W.C.I

[The Save the Children Fund is registered under the War Charities Act, 1916]

GIFTS OF CLOTHING—urgently needed—should be sent (marked "German Refugees") to the Save the Children Fund Warehouse, c/o Davies, Turner & Co., Ltd., Gatliff Wharf, Ebury Bridge Road, London, S.W.I.

VICTORY

**IN WAR** Twenty-one nations united together to defeat the Axis Powers. UNITY in war made ultimate victory certain. Defeat would have been inevitable if we had allowed the enemy to split our ranks.

**IN PEACE** Fifty-one nations have signed the Charter of the United Nations. Such UNITY could have prevented the war. To-day we can together banish war and build the world in peace. We shall fail if our ranks are split.

## THE UNITED NATIONS MUST SUCCEED

*Civilisation cannot survive an atomic war*

**1940** What would have happened if you and your friends had lost hope and given up the struggle?

*The answer is...*

**TO-DAY** What will happen if, in the face of delays, suspicion and talk of inevitable war, you give up hope in the United Nations?

*The answer is...*

DEFEAT

## THE UNITED NATIONS WILL SUCCEED

*only if in every country men and women are determined to make it work*

### THE UNITED PEOPLES ARE THE STRENGTH OF THE UNITED NATIONS. DO NOT WAIT UNTIL IT IS TOO LATE

Work NOW with the United Nations Association.

Build support for the United Nations.

Strengthen our links with the peoples of other countries.

So that

### THE WILL OF THE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD SHALL PREVAIL

# WHAT IS YOUR ANSWER

Discuss these questions with your friends—in your house, your factory or office, in any society or club to which you belong.

1. Do you see any practical alternative to the United Nations for the prevention of war?

2. Should the United Nations control atomic energy and prevent its use for destructive purposes?

3. Do you think that the Great Power Veto in the Security Council should be abolished?

4. Will the development of a Western, Eastern or an American bloc break up the United Nations?

5. Do you think that the United Nations will strike at the roots of war, if it develops the social and economic side of its work in such matters as food, full employment and raw materials?

If you want the United Nations to succeed and

**YOU KNOW** the answers, you are the person with ideas who is needed in UNA to join in working for the success of the United Nations.

**IF YOU DON'T KNOW** enough about the problems involved
Why not learn the facts? Join UNA. Make up your own mind.

Meetings to discuss these questions will be held in this district.

TARGET

A NATION IN SUPPORT—INCLUDING YOU

TO PROMOTE FRIENDSHIP AND UNDERSTANDING AMONG
THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD

UNA is part of a world-wide movement. In the World Federation of UNAs the ordinary citizens of over 20 nations face together the problems of building and enforcing peace.

Frank and friendly discussions with foreign representatives are a feature of UNA meetings in Britain and abroad.

TO BUILD AN INFORMED BRITISH PUBLIC OPINION
DETERMINED TO MAKE THE UNITED NATIONS WORK

Hundreds of thousands of British people have freely discussed and heard
explained United Nations problems in UNA public meetings.

Films, Broadcasts, Pamphlets, Posters, Exhibitions—This is the live ammunition
of UNA branches (400 formed in one year!) fired throughout the United
Kingdom.

MAKE UP
YOUR
MIND

YOUR PART

Read—Listen

Discuss

U.N. questions

in your

Club, Society,

Church, Home

Write to your papers

Question your M.P.

Interest your friends

Run Public Meetings

and Discussions

Travel and write abroad

SPEAK
YOUR
MIND

I want to

JOIN UNA

and help in this work

FULL NAME (Mr., Mrs. or Miss)

(Block letters, please)

ADDRESS

Annual Subscription Rates :

£1 brings monthly journal
and current literature

5/- brings monthly journal

2/6 brings news sheet

I enclose as my subscription for the first year.
Address to the Hon. Secretary of the local branch at the address below :

or to the Secretary, UNA, 11 Maiden Lane, London, W.C.2.

The Baynard Press

# WHY NOT LOCK UP GENERAL DE GAULLE?

WHY not lock up General de Gaulle? Why not seize these fine French sailors who have come over to England to continue the war on our side and intern the lot?

The idea may sound crazy to you, and of course it is; plain hare-brained nonsense. But what sounds folly to you is just simple logic to some in authority and in some newspaper offices.

There are German de Gaulles and Italian de Gaulles; Germans who have been fighting Nazism for years; Italians who have been fighting Fascism for years. What have we done with them?

Some newspapers shrieked, "Intern the lot." On their own admission the Home Office and the War Office acted on these bone-headed instructions. They sent them off to internment camps.

Some protest has been made against this folly in the Press and in Parliament and some small concession has now been made, but that is not enough. We need a totally new policy for dealing with foreigners who come to our shores; not merely a relaxation of the present restrictions which the Home Secretary has promised, but a quick realisation that they offer the opportunity to change the whole character of this war.

We need a policy which will banish the words "refugee" and "alien" from the English language. Instead we must learn now what Hitler learnt years ago, that this war does not recognise national frontiers. It is a war of ideas on a scale Europe has not seen since the Reformation.

Mass emigrations such as Hitler has enforced were a feature of those old religious wars. Protestant peoples in some German States packed up their goods and departed for a neighbouring province to escape the rule of a Catholic overlord. Some States such as the Archbishopship of Salzburg, were stripped bare of their best artisans by this movement of peoples.

Jews in Spain set sail across the whole length of the Mediterranean and found refuge under a shrewd sultan in Turkey. "What," he cried, "call ye this Ferdinand wise? He who depopulates his own nation in order to enrich mine!"

It happened again in the France of Louis XIV. Huguenots who had been expelled by his edict returned at the head of Dutch armies and secured their revenge. For a century or more national frontiers lost half their significance. Ideas ousted nationality as the dominant motive in men's minds.

The same thing has been happening in Europe during the past seven years, although we have failed to recognise it. We treated the exiled as subjects for our sympathy, not allies in our cause. Now, as the last dismal stupidity, in the supreme moment when they could help us, we have herded them into internment camps.

Dr. Goebbels, rest assured, has not failed to profit from our folly. For years he has gloated over the fate of those who either were compelled or chose to leave Germany. He has been a powerful influence in enabling him to beat the German people into one homogeneous pulp. To-day we may be sure our treatment of refugees is likely to damp down any incipient mood of revolt among Germans or within their conquered territories.

Suppose we had acted differently. Suppose that Heidelberg University, whose spirit was destroyed in Germany, had been reconstituted in London. Suppose we had made it our glory that the German science and culture which Hitler had banished could find safe refuge in free England. Suppose now we appealed to Germans and Italians to join our standard as we appeal to Frenchmen.

What a chance we are missing!

To some this may sound good sense. But there may still be objections from "the realists." They want hard facts, not "sentimental idealism." Very well, here are some hard facts.

(1) Dr. Goebbels runs a propaganda department in Berlin, the most efficient propaganda system the world has ever seen. The Doctor has the sense to realise that if he wants propaganda in Spain, for instance, a Spaniard is the best person to organise it. Indeed, when he wants a propagandist to talk to England he secures not a Prussian landowner, but a so-called Englishman who holds the same Nazi faith as himself. We can take a leaf from his book.

(2) There are Germans and Italians who hold our democratic faith. One for instance is called Sebastian Haffner, who has written a book on Germany called *Germany, Jekyll and Hyde*, which lays bare in brilliant analysis the whole Nazi mind and make-up. He could

By MICHAEL
FOOT

give good advice on German propaganda. He sits in an internment camp.

(3) There is a famous Italian called Ignazio Silone. He wrote perhaps the most brilliant novel of our generation, called *Fontamarà*. He wrote another book called *The School for Dictators*, which unmasks the mind of Mussolini with devastating clarity.

More important, Silone for years worked an underground machine against the Fascist regime. He knows Italy as no Englishman can ever hope to know it and as probably no other Italian knows it. Where is he now? I do not know. But I know where he ought to be. He should be sitting at the head of our Italian propaganda department.

(4) We want revolts in Hitler's conquered territories. Of course we do. But revolts are not made by civil servants who have spent their lives amid files in Whitehall. As well ask a chiropodist to turn all-in wrestler at the age of fifty.

No! Revolts are made by persons who have been trained in the difficult art. I know at least half a dozen Austrians who have been engaged in underground work for five years. Most of them are now interned, if they have not yet been packed off to the Sahara or some equally inaccessible spot.

(5) How do these revolutionaries go to work? There are a thousand and one ways. Here is one: one trick which Goebbels has been using in every Nazi conquest and which we have never yet properly comprehended.

Every German assault is preceded by a spate of rumours. Every day German propagandists in almost all the capitals of the world are putting out rumours designed to confuse our people and muddle our intelligence departments.

We have anti-rumour and anti-lie campaigns. Our authorities cheerfully deny all rumours that they can discover. But why do we not also have our own system of spreading rumours across the Continent? If the Government want advice on the efficacy and means of doing such work they have only to apply to the nearest internment camp. They will find all the experts there.

(6) It is not merely a question of propaganda. The Nazis have millions of alien peoples under their rule; unlike most of our aliens they are the enemies not the friends of their rulers. But do the Nazis put them all under lock and key? The numbers would make it impossible, anyhow, but that is not the only reason for the different treatment.

The Nazis want labour. They put them to work, even if they have to do it with the lash. Have we no use for thousands of labourers? They will work willingly.

(7) It is not "sentimental idealism" to work for revolts in Germany and Italy. At any rate Herr Himmler does not think it so. He keeps 500,000 able-bodied armed Germans in Germany in order to squish the first sign of revolt.

Perhaps he has a better memory than some of our authorities. He may recall that in the last war underground movements in Poland and Czechoslovakia grew to such proportions that they assumed the Governments of their countries.

Here, then, are a few points for "the realists." Many more could be produced. Let us therefore have no more nonsense from those who feign to despise the weapons of propaganda and instigated revolts. Dr. Goebbels is the standing proof of the importance of the first. Herr Himmler is the standing proof of the potentialities of the second.

Let us instead get to work and proclaim a new policy. The world must know that no traitors and fifth columnists will be tolerated here. Suspicious persons, whatever tongue they speak, must be rigorously inspected and vigorously dealt with. But alongside that policy must go the corollary.

Let us tell the world that our aim is a European revolution, that all who can give proof of their solid anti-Nazi and anti-Fascist resolution will be welcomed by us as treasured allies.

If they are experts they can give us expert aid. If they are unskilled they can work for victory in the fields and the factories. They are victims of German and Italian Fascism. That is no mark of humiliation: It is an honourable badge.

This is our finest hour, says Mr. Churchill. Let us take pride that England, which gave so much of the ideas and polities and poetry of freedom to Europe, has now become the last repository of those conceptions until once more we regain the power to restore them, enhanced and invigorated, across the globe. Let us not smudge this fine faith by meanness or sheer stupidity. Let us act on our proud boast with wide vision and humanity.

If we are not prepared to do so, let us at least besmirch our banners with a full dirty brush. Let us lock up General de Gaulle. We would certainly lose the war that way, but at least we could claim that there was logic in our lunacy.

Reproduced by kind permission of the Evening Standard

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Die schwersten Luftangriffe von 1940 bis Mai 1943

Die Festung Europa
hat kein Dach

Im April 1943 warf die R.A.F. mehr als 10 Millionen Kilogramm Bomben auf deutsche Industrieziele.
Im Mai 1943 wurden über 12 Millionen Kilogramm Bomben abgeworfen.

In einer einzigen Woche im Mai fielen 750 000 Kilogramm Bomben allein auf das Ruhrgebiet.

Bis 1. Juni 1943 haben englische Flugzeuge über 100 Millionen Kilogramm Bomben auf Deutschland abgeworfen.

Die Royal Air Force ist heute stärker als die deutsche und italienische Luftwaffe zusammen.

In Amerika wurden allein im April 1943 7 000 Flugzeuge fertiggestellt.

Die amerikanische Flugzeugindustrie hat am 31. Mai das 100 000 Flugzeug für diesen Krieg geliefert.

Amerika produziert heute mehr Flugzeuge als Deutschland, Italien und Japan zusammen.

Das sind die Tatsachen. Was folgt daraus? Man könnte sagen: Was die Engländer ausgehalten haben, können die Deutschen auch aushaltern.

Aber der Vergleich hinkt. Die englisch-amerikanische Luftoffensive gegen Deutschland ist bereits jetzt weit schwerer als die deutsche Luftoffensive gegen England je war. In ihrem schwersten Angriff auf eine englische Stadt (London, 10. Mai 1941) warf die Luftwaffe 450 000 Kilogramm Bomben in einer Nacht.

In ihrem bisher schwersten Angriff auf eine deutsche Stadt (Dortmund, 23. Mai 1943) warf die R.A.F. 2 000 000

Kilogramm Bomben in einer Nacht. Mehr als viermal soviel - und das ist erst der Anfang.

Die Engländer konnten standhalten, weil sie wussten: Wenn sie standhalten, musste es besser werden. Sie hatten kaum angefangen zu rüsten. Sie kamen erst in Gang. Sie wussten, dass ihre eigene Luftmacht und Luftverteidigung von Tag zu Tag wuchs.

Sie sahen amerikanisches Kriegsmaterial in Massen ankommen und sie konnten hoffen, dass Amerika eines Tages als Verbündeter an ihrer Seite stehen würde.

Was haben heute die Deutschen zu hoffen, wenn sie sich standhaft weiter bomben lassen?

Neue Verbündete gibt es nicht mehr. Deutschlands eigene Kampfkraft lässt nach. Die englisch-amerikanische wächst von Tag zu Tag. Deutschlands Fabriken werden bombardiert. Seine Produktion ist um 20% gesunken. Amerikas Produktion ist „bombensicher“.

Deutschlands geschwächte Luftwaffe muss an drei Fronten kämpfen. Überall ist sie in der Defensive. Die R.A.F. und die amerikanische Heeresfliegerei haben, trotz Atlantik-Wall, eine Front im Herzen Deutschlands geschaffen. Die „Festung Europa“ hat kein Dach.

Daran ist nichts mehr zu ändern. Die deutschen Arbeiter und Ingenieure, die in den Fabriken aushalten, können den Gang des Krieges nicht mehr wenden. Sie können den Krieg nur verlängern. Das heisst: Sie können dafür sorgen, dass noch mehr Bomben auf Deutschland fallen.

Es werden immer mehr werden von Monat zu Monat.

Wie lange soll das noch so weiter gehen ?

G.38

1940

1943

SO FING ES AN

„In dieser neuen deutschen Luftwaffe wurde nicht ein Friedensparadeinstrument geschaffen, sondern das schärfste Kriegsinstrument, das wir auszubilden vermochten. Furchtbar wenn der Einsatz befohlen wird. Dann wollen wir es dem Volke beschwören, dann wird es nichts mehr geben, was uns vor einem rücksichtslosen Draufgängertum zurück schreckt. Unbändiger Kampfeswille durchglüht unsere Waffe.“

(Goering, 1. März 1938).

Das Wasser fliesst,
das Feuer brennt,
die Luft beseelt den Boden,
sie war von je das Element
des deutschen Gottes Woden.
Wer dich vernichten will, der
Schuft,
den darfst du lachend morden
Guck - in - die Luft, Zuck - aus -
der Luft
Du bist der Herr geworden.

Hermann Burte
(Völkischer Beobachter, 6. Juni 1940).

„Ich war Augenzeuge des Angriffs unserer Stukas auf Rotterdam. Ich beobachtete den Angriff unserer Luftwaffe vom 8. Stockwerk eines Warenhauses. Bald war mehr als ein Viertel der Stadt in Flammen und ganze Häuserreihen gingen in die Luft.“

(Sender Breslau, 26.1.41).

„Über 100 000 Obdachlose in London. Die Vernichtung eines der wichtigsten Viertel der englischen Metropole ist nur ein Anfang.“

(Völkischer Beobachter, 1.10.40)

„Deutschland wird niemals die Zerstörungen aufweisen, wie sie England dort drüben aufweist, oder andere Nationen, die uns den Krieg erklärten. Deutschland wird unter dem Befehl des Führers zum Endsieg marschieren ohne schwere Verluste an wertvollen Menschenleben und ohne Beschädigung kriegswichtiger Güter und Betriebe“.

(Feldmarschall Milch, 19.5.41)

„Der Feind, der glaubte, in der Luft den Krieg gewinnen zu können, findet nun in der Luft die erste Ursache seines Verderbens. Ich muss es ganz klar machen, — und hier spreche ich für die britische Regierung und die Regierungen der britischen Dominions, und ebenso für die Regierungen der Vereinigten Staaten und der Sowjet-Union: Nichts wird uns abhalten, weiterhin die vollständige Vernichtung unserer Feinde durch Bombardierung aus der Luft anzustreben, zusätzlich zu allen anderen Mitteln. Der Feind stimmt jetzt ein lautes Wehgeschrei darüber an, dass diese Form der Kriegführung, durch die er selbst die Weltherrschaft zu erlangen gedachte, sich so entschieden zu ihrem Nachteil gewendet hat. Für uns ist dieses Geschrei nur ein höchst zufriedenstellender Beweis für die wachsende Wirksamkeit unserer Angriffe“.

Churchill, 8. Juni 1943.