In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., February 1st, 1897.

Hon. A. Draper,

President, University of Illinois,
Champaign, Ill.

My dear Judge Draper,

Your letter of the 24th of January did me a whole lot of good. I do so highly prize your approval that whenever I receive anything from you it is a genuine lift. I trust you will see in our foot-ball exploits, the working out of my ideals. I do not know where it comes from, but years ago I got hold of a little phrase "The contact of peoples is the best of all education", and seeing the results on those hardened savages I took to Florida in the change wrought in three years by their daily contact with the world outside of the reservation, the idea was driven through and clinched and has guided and governed me ever since. Experience proves that competing with champions on the foot-ball field makes champion foot-ball players out of savage Indians. Of course, in this there must be the backing of the school and the training in English, etc., etc; but I had established many years ago the fact that competing on the farm with champion farmers made champion farm hands out of my Indian boys; competing with champion housekeepers made champion housekeepers out of my Indian girls, and competing with champion nurses turned out from our best Nurse School and passing through the same training with them made champion nurses out of Indian girls. Competing with champion mechanics, and learning from them by such competition, made champion mechanics of my

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 32

Hon. A. Drayer.

-2-

Indian boys. Therefore, contact and competition does it, and if we want champion citizens out of Indians, we must make them take the medicine. On the other hand we have had more than a hundred years of Indian schools among the Indians, and have endeavored to teach them all these things, not excepting foot-ball, and have as a result no champion farmers, no champion housekeepers, no champion cooks, no champion nurses, no champion foot-ball or base-ball players, etc., etc. The time has, therefore, come to minimize these non-successful reservation methods, and to elaborate methods along my line. Is not this good sense?

About the foot-ball game, I have delayed answer for several days because my manager was in correspondence with the managers of Chicago and North Western Universities with reference to a Thanksgiving Day game, and I wanted to be able to explain it all to you. When the team was in Chicago, it was urged by a number of the most influential people interested in having our team brought there, that we should play on Thanksgiving Day a game with some western team in the Coliseum at Chicago next fall, and my manager agreed to hold that date open. Recently he received letters from both the University of Chicago and the North Western University asking for games in Chicago next fall. He is also flooded with applications for games with all the big teams in the East. It has seemed best to us not to play as many games next fall as we did last fall. There was a statement that our boys were overtaxed when they played with Brown University on Thanksgiving Day in New York, but that was not true. Brown in the very first play, and no doubt guided thereto, completely disabled our half-back who calls the plays, and who is one of the best men on the team. Unfortunately for us, the substi-

VOL. 32

4

Hon. A. Draper.

-3-

tute was not at all as good a player, nor did he know well enough
to call several new plays that our boys had ready for that game.
However, as I said, it is thought best not to play as many games,
and as the Thanksgiving Day game seems to be the big one, it is all
the more important that we do not play a game just immediately pre-
ceding that one. On account of the time it takes to go and come
it was also thought best not to play more than one game in Chicago.
My manager suggested to the two teams, North Western and Chicago,
that we would play the winner in the Coliseum on Thanksgiving Day.
North Western has responded that that would be satisfactory to them,
but it seems that Chicago has somewhat arranged for a game on that
date with Michigan, and that they are negotiating further with re-
ference to our proposition. Now, my manager suggests that our boys
agree to play with either of the three Universities, Chicago, North
Western or Illinois, on any date (except the Saturday before Thanks-
giving) and that the managers of the three teams unite in determin-
ing which team. I suggested to him that it seems a little bit cheery
for him to propose to play the winner. We certainly want to play
in Chicago this year, and it may be that two dates can be arranged;
but it is hardly fair for them to play a game five days before Thanks-
giving, when they expect that game to be the biggest game they play.
To play Thanksgiving and the Saturday before would require a much
longer absence from school than seems best. I am anxious for our
boys to play Illinois because of my great regard for its President,
and more especially because of the high stand in athletic sports
that President has taken. I can sit here in my office and know a
great deal about the sporting character that is being injected into
the different Universities of the country through what my foot-ball

VOL. 32

Hon. A. Draper.

-4-

boys bring back. I need not mention those that stand way down, but
+ can safely speak of Harvard and of Cincinnati as, in that line,
occupying a most creditable position. I have found, too, that the
character of the coacher pretty much governs the character of the
playing. I believe influences are at work ( and I am glad to know
that you are one of the most powerful) which will place the game on
a clean footing. It is too much of a developer and character build
er to be driven out of use by admitting pugilistic brutality to be-
come a part of it.

It will be a great pleasure to me if I may some time soon be
able to accept your kind invitation to visit you and the State Uni-
versity, and I shall hope to accompany our boys on their western
trip next fall. I keenly enjoy your continued success. New York
is to be forever commiserated, and Illinois forever congratulated.
Please remember me most kindly to Mrs. Draper.

(Dictated)
Mc

5

VOL. 32

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., February 4th 1897.

Dear Cousin Lottie:-

I enclose to you herewith my check for $35.00 covering Mother's
keep for the month of February.

I trust you are all well, and that things are running smoothly
for you.

We are having a great deal of sickness here just now. The grip
and measles are rife, and while there have been no very serious
cases of either, yet there has been much discomfort. Laura is now
sick in bed with the grip. She has been very miserable, but is
better today. We have 59 cases of measles in the Hospital, but
they are isolated and we hope to ward against any very great
epidemic. However, we have deferred our Commencement for several
weeks on this account.

We all join in sending you and Aunt Abby our love, and our
cordial greeting to the new cousin.

6

VOL. 32

7

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 4th, 1897.

Mrs. Jessie W. Cooke,

Perris, Cal.

My dear Mrs. Cooke,

I thank you for the endorsement of the Red Man, and I thank you especially for the information about the Indian Rights Association over there. The facts ought to come out, and they are such a sanctified lot that people generally hesitate to expose them. We are bothered throughout the whole Indian Service with an outside spirit of bossism that, to me, has become intolerable and I won't stand it any longer. The Indian Rights Association is exactly the same thing in a less degree as Tammany Hall in New York. It attempts to put up and to put down, and it has no judgment; does not co-operate with anybody, and does not seek to know the truth. It has no judicial mind to determine. Any ex-parte disgruntled testimony is put out for solid fact, and a great host of people who are the adherents of the association come to believe that things are so, when they are exactly the opposite.

I am glad you endorse the foot-ball exploits, and I invite your attention to the fact that competing with champion foot-ball players makes champion foot-ball players out of Indians. We have been more proud all these years of the exploits of our boys on farms where competing with champion farmers, they become champion farm hands, and we are proud of our girls who compete with champion cooks, housekeepers, cooks, seamstresses, etc., and become champion house-

VOL. 32

Mrs. J.W. Cooke.

keepers, etc. Therefore, if we want to make champion citizens of the Indians, the best way is to bring them into competition with champion citizens, and not to expect them to rise while they are only held in competition with ignorance, superstition and the savagery of their reservation surroundings. Is not this good logic?

How glad I am you have got your boy out of agency surroundings and agency school life. Daughter and I explored the situation for you and him very much after we left Sacaton. Your letter has been a refreshment to me, and I trust you will not find fault with me if I make use of what you say of the California Association. I shall not fix it so that either you, the Perris School, or that association can be located. I only want to use the fact in connection with other things that have come into my possession since the last Red Man, to meet the pending issues and try to bring about a healthier public thought, and a more honest appreciation of what we are all doing and trying to do. Mrs. Pratt and Nana, and the Carlisle folks, generally, would I am sure, if they knew I was writing, join me in kindest remembrances.

Very sincerely yours,

(Dictated)
Mc

8

VOL. 32

In reply to:

To the Honorable,

The Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
Washington, D.C.

Sir:-

In reply to your letter of January 26th, marked "Education
939", I respectfully submit that the position you have taken seems
to me not to be according to the law, nor is it at all in accord
with the practice of the Government. The law referred to was
passed to cover payment of a debt incurred against the Government
without previous approvals and to prevent a recurrence of such un-
authorized obligation. I do not propose to incur any debt, and the
service is authorized and is to be paid for fully, and is not,
therefore, voluntary. As a guarantee that there can and will be no
obligation resting against the United States, I invite your atten-
tion to the fact that, during the history of this school, I have
expended from my charity resources considerably more than a hundred
thousand dollars, in salaries, transportation, erection of build-
ings, etc., etc., every cent of which was as much in violation of t
this law, as what I am now doing in the payment of the salary
of Mr. Spray and Miss Merriman, and the adding to the salary of
Miss Quinn, and very much of it in exactly the same line. The Govern
ment has always accepted of such help gladly, and noted it with
satisfaction in its yearly Official Reports to Congress. I have
also had repeated suggestions from the Indian Office that I should

VOL. 32

10

Hon. Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

make just such use of my charity resources.

In regard to the transposition of duties between Miss Cummins
and Miss Quinn, I feel justified in what I am doing by the clause
in paragraph 207 of the Regulations providing that "When necessary,
specified employes may be detailed for other service when not re-
quired for the duty for which they were engaged," and by a section
in paragraph 52 of the Rules for the Indian Service which provides
that "Any teacher may be required by the superintendent to assist
in clerical or other work incident to the school." Also by a sec-
tion of paragraph 118 of the same rules which provides that "It
must also be understood by anyone entering this Service, that addi-
tional duties, or duties entirely different from those usually
attaching to the position to which he or she is regularly assigned,
may be required," and by the fact that the interchange is entirely
agreeable to the two employes. It is also justified by long es-
tablished custom.

Believing that you have not given this matter your own atten-
tion, I feel justified in writing this letter to request a reconsid-
eration of the position taken in your letter.

(Dictated)
Mc

VOL. 32

12

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 5th 1897.

Honorable James Sheakly,
Governor of Alaska,
Sitka, Alaska.

My dear Governor:-

Thank you for your very kindly letter of the 16th of
January, which reached me several days ago. One of my regrets, and
perhaps the greatest in connection with my trip last summer is that
I did not stop over a steamer in Sitka, do more fishing and get
better acquainted with you all. The little town, the bay, the
islands, the mountains, snow-capped and beautiful, the great sea, the
queer natives and their queerer ways and water craft, your and
Mrs. Sheakly's gracious hospitality, and the fishing with your son, -
all form one of the most pleasing pictures hung on the walls of my
memory.

Your little girl, Lizzie Walker, gives me a pleasant smile
when I see her, as I do almost daily, and I am glad to tell you that
she has dropped into our ways and hearts very pleasantly, and I
shall now take a greater interest in her, because she is something
of a protégé of yours. It is a principle of ours to teach every boy
and girl some industry, which will enable them to earn a livelihood
and I shall take special interest in seeing that Lizzie is instructed
thus as you desire.

Dr. Jackson was here Monday evening and gave us a most intense-
ly interesting talk with his lantern slides of Alaska. In the

VOL. 32

Hon. James Sheakly, page 2.

course of our conversation, he told me that there were upwards of
thirty applicants for your position already, but I believe McKinley
will be better than Cleveland in his treatment of political
opponents in the Government service. McKinley has always seemed to
me to be an exceptionally large statesman.

My daughter joins me in most cordial remembrances to yourself
and family.

VOL. 32

<table><tr><td>In reply to:</td></tr></table>

Carlisle, Pa., February 6th 1897.

Mrs. Isabel Spencer Freeland,
2127 W. Dauphin Street,
Philadelphia.

Dear Mrs. Freeland:-

I should have written you several days ago but for the
presence of an inspector and some special business with the authori-
ties in Washington which absorbed my time and attention.

I have not been able to satisfy myself as to the origin of
Old Glory. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable attributes it
to Sir. Francis Burdette, who, the Century Encyclopedia says, was
an English politician and a Member of Parliament from 1807 to 1837.
The Washington's Birthday number of "Primary Education " for '97,
published by the Educational Publishing Comapny, Boston, New York,
Chicago and San Francisco, on page 68 gives the following:

The question as to when and where the term "Old Glory" was
first applied to our flag has been answered in several ways, but
this answer, taken from Coffin's "Drumbeat of the Nation," is
considered the most authentic.

"Stephen Driver had been a sea-captain before the civil war and
sailed from Salem, Mass., to foreign lands. Once when in a foreign
port, for some important service rendered the people, he received
from them a beautiful American flag. A priest blessed it as it rose
to the mast head of his ship, and Capt. Driver made a solemn promise
to defend it with his life if need be. Giving up the sea, he made
his home in Nashville, Tenn. He opposed secession. When the war
began, to secrete the flag he sewed it in a quilt, and every night
slept beneath it. He named it Old Glory. Many times the confeder-
atesoldiers searched the house to find it. 'I shall yet raise it
above the State House,' was his reply. They threatened him with
death; he bade them do their worst.

"When the troops under Buel entered Nashville, February, 1862,
he told them the story of 'Old Glory,' brought it out, went with

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Col. J. Roe Young,

Pima Agency, Sacaton, Arizona:

My dear Colonel:-

Your announcement of the new arrival at your home and of
the honor conferred on me, was most gratifying, and I should have
replied sooner but for the fact that I am somewhat under investiga-
tion, so far in a very limited way. My attack on civil service in
the last Red Man, which I hope you have read carefully, has started
up Dr. Hailman a good deal and he has appealed to the Secretary and
the Secretary sent Special Agent Dickson up here. I told Dickson
to suggest to the Secretary to have Hailman prefer charges against
me for lying, etc., and have me tried by court-martial, and said
that I have just started and that was only the first round of toot-
ing the ram's horn about the civil service reform Jericho, and that
later articles might furnish even better grounds for charges.

I wrote Mr. Cook a few days ago sending shipping bill for
wagon for Chief Azzell, and in the letter informed him of what my
Doctor had reported, that Rosser Marcha after coming down with the
measles had been attacked by double pneumonia. I am glad to be able
to inform you now that my Doctor was entirely mistaken about it,
that the girl's high temperature was due solely to the measles, and
that she is now normal and will be dismissed from the Hospital with-
in a few days. So much for professional accuracy.

With kindest regards to Mrs. Young,
(Dictated) N. Faithfully yours,

16

VOL. 32

17

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 5th 1997.

Mabel Nevadokiah,

Mr. Jesse Cope,

West Chester, Pa.

My dear Mabel:-

It will be impossible for us to take any steps in regard
to transferring pupils either from the east to their homes, or from
their homes here, until after the 30th of June next, so that I do
not see how I can arrange for your going home at present.

I certainly do approve of your sending your father and mother
something to let them know that you remember them and love them. If
you send to them by express or by mail in care of Captain H. L.
Scott, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, they would be, I think, very sure to
get it.

I am very greatly pleased to know that you are so comfortably
fixed in your country home. Your idea about your work, about saving
money, buying your own clothes and attending Church and Sunday School
is just right. Keep on in the way you are now, and you will continue
to grow better and better.

We have never had as many children in the School as we have now.
We number 804 and, excepting an attack of the measles, which you know
is not a very bad disease, we have had pretty good health all this
year.

VOL. 32

in reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 5th, 1897.

Hon. J.S. Sherman,

House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.

My dear Mr. Sherman:-

I read with very great interest your report of the
bill for triple headed management for the Indian Department, have
thought quite a little about it, and its history of the Department
is so concise, that I print that portion in the Red Man. I agree
thoroughly that a radical change should be made in the system of
Indian management, and on the whole if started right, I am not sure
but what the plan you suggest is the best one. I have not seen a
copy of your Bill, but according to my notion, if you can pass a
Bill in which Congress will state that it is for the purpose of
winding up the affairs of the Indian Bureau, closing out all spec-
tial relations between the Government and the various Indians and
tribes, taking them tribe by tribe, and individual by individual,
as fast as they are ready, and inducting them into our national
life through some plan of distribution, and, as fast as practical,
doing away with such special features of Indian management as tend
to tribalize, I am with you heartily. If I understand you Bill, I
would make this change in the Commission: I would not hamper
the administration nor make a loop-hole for dissension by providing
that the civilian members of the Commission should be of different
parties, and in order that the Army Officer might be as experienced
a man as possible, I would provide that the military member should

VOL. 32

Hon. J.S. Sherman.

-2-

not be below the rank of Colonel. That makes your salary feature
all right, because the colonel, with his quarter's allowance, would
receive about the same as the other members. I think a declara-
tion of its object most necessary as a guide to the Commission, the
public and the Indian. The Commission would then be compelled to
work to reach that object, and would take $onto account all features
and systems hindering and facilitating its attainment. Being com-
posed of three strong men the Commission could easily sweep aside
the meddling bossy Indian associations.

If you consider this idea, and wish me to put it in such shape
as I would suggest it, please send me a copy of your Bill. The
discussion of such a measure and its avowed purpose, springing
from your Committee, would be healthy in any event.

I thank you and your Committee for the personal favor to me
and your special interest in Carlisle, and fully agree with the
judgment expressed in your letter to Judge Henderson. I did hope
that the Carlisle appropriation would cover my suggestions to the
Honorable Commissioner, see copy of my letter to him enclosed.

With greatest respect,

Very sincerely yours,

(Dictated)

N.

20

VOL. 32

21

Hon. J.S. Sherman.

-2-

not be below the rank of Colonel. That makes your salary feature all right, because the Colonel, with his quarter's allowance, would receive about the same as the other members. I think a declaration of its object most necessary as a guide to the Commission, the public and the Indian. The Commission would then be compelled to work to reach that object, and would take into account all features and systems hindering and facilitating its attainment. Being composed of three strong men the Commission could easily sweep aside the meddling bossy Indian associations.

I believe Gen. O.O. Howard would serve on such a Commission, and a provision admitting the detail of a retired officer could be inserted.

I have not the slightest desire to in any way continue in the Indian service if the present methods of throwing everything back onto reservations and into tribe are to continue. To me, this is thoroughly un-American and un-Christian. The Indian school effort should be re-organized with special reference to the speedily closing out all purely tribal schools, and the using of all Indian schools as a means to secure for all young Indians the full opportunities

VOL. 32

Hon. J.S. Sherman.

of the public and other schools of the country. The continued use
of the schools as a means for building up, unifying and continuing
the Indians as a separate mass should be broken up. No influence
that can be brought to bear upon the Indians to bring them out
from their tribal life and into American life is stronger than the
school influence rightly managed; and no influence to continue and
perpetuate the tribe and to build the Indians in mass and to encour-
age the paternalism of the situation can be greater, is greater
than the school influence.

From the beginning of Carlisle; indeed, I may say, from the
beginning of my ideas on these lines, dating back to the early
Seventies, I have endeavored to break down tribal lines by bring-
ing the tribes together. When I commanded Indian scouts in '67 and
'68, I preferred to have my organization made up of representatives
from the various tribes where I was located. It was a success al-
ways, and ever since the organization of the Carlisle School, I
have persistently sought to bring into it representatives from as
many tribes as possible, and from Carlisle to feed them out into the
national life. Whether this has been a success, comparative results
amply show.

With greatest respect,

(Dictated)
N.

22

VOL. 32

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Celinda K. Metoxen,
Oneida, Wisconsin.

Dear Celinda:

I was very glad to hear from you after so long a silence,
and to know that you are well and remember us all at Carlisle so
pleasantly.

I gave Miss Burgess the ten cents you enclosed for the Helper,
and you will now have all the School news through the little paper.

We go on with our work at Carlisle, and have grown much since
you were here. This year we have built a fine new laundry just
across the road from the Girls' Quarters, and have added a second
story to the shop buildings, so that our industries are now in good
quarters.

Mrs. Pratt is just recovering from a bad cold, and came down
stairs yesterday for the first time since last Sunday. We are keep-
ing house now, and Carrie Cornelius is our cook. Carrie has stopped
going to school, and stays with us all the time, sleeping in the
back room down stairs. Alice Sheffield and Sarah Flynn also help
us, one in the morning and the other in the afternoon. Richenda
is a tall girl now, 5 feet and 8 1/2 inches tall, and goes to school
in town. Nana helps me in the Office. Marion is coming home next
week to make us a visit, and will bring her boy baby, the youngest
of the four children she has.

We all join in sending you our best wishes.

N.

Your friend,

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 10th 1997.

Miss Lizzie C. Shearer,

13 1/2 North Hanover Street,
Carlisle, Pa.

Dear Miss Shearer:-

I am unable to help you in any way in the collection of
your debt against Mrs. Campbell. Mr. Campbell is getting a good
salary as Superintendent of an Indian School at Fort Washakie,
Wyoming, and ought long ago, as I think, to have paid off his
obligations in Carlisle. I think if you write a letter to the
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C., telling him who
you are, your business and that you are unable to lose the money;
that you trusted Mrs. Campbell in good faith and that she does not
reply to your letters, that both Mrs. Campbell and her husband have
quite numerous unpaid bills in Carlisle, there would be enough
sting when it came to them through the Department, as it would, to
waken them to their obligations to others, and it is just the kind
of sting they deserve. Were they here in my employ, I would gladly
do, as I did in quite a number of instances when they were here,
something to compel payment, but I have nothing to do with them now.

Capt. 10th Cav'y., U.S.A., Supt.

(Dictated)
N.

25

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 12, 1897.

Charles E. Burton,

San Jacinto, Cal.

My dear Sir:-

I have your kodak photographs and have been quite interested in them. I can very well imagine the school and its surroundings. I note what you say about the waste of work. Twenty six years ago I visited an Indian school at Ft. Sill, and I have seen it from time to time ever since. Eighteen months ago I was there, and found Blanket Indians everywhere; and I inquired in vain for a product of that school who was anything else but a Blanket Indian. The old Indians seemed to enjoy their ability to make the work of the school non-effectual. Very nearly the same condition existed at Cheyenne. I knew that school twenty-two years ago. On inquiry I found plenty of young men and young women who had attended the school four, five, six and even seven years, and who were all Blanket Indians. Yet, if I say anything about what I see it is immediately attributed to jealousy on my part, I have begun a fight and intend to keep it up to secure some change in the attitude of the Government, and if possible in the management. Your letter acknowledging the discouraging feature is nothing new. I have had just such letters all the years I have

26

VOL. 32

28

Rev. Chas. J. Howell,

1500 Penn Street,

Harrisburg, Pa.

My dear Sir:

I have seen the statements in the papers about the new Secretary of the Interior, and I have a letter from a gentleman in Denver advising me that it is commonly reported there that the family of the Judge are intense Catholics. The Press and the New York Sun both state that Mr. McKenna, himself, is a Catholic. When we reflect that not only the Indians but the Educational Bureau of this Government itself is under the care of the Secretary of the Interior, it seems to me a very grave mistake on the part of Mr. McKinley. During the Campaign I was the guest of a very wealthy old Quaker in the city of Philadelphia, and he told me that McKinley had captured the Catholic vote, because his man who had been with him twenty years, who was an ardent Catholic and had always blindly voted the Democratic ticket, was talking McKinley and declaring his intention of voting for him. There is more than a supposition that the controlled vote of this Church cut a great figure in the large majority. I cannot, of course, say this to you for publication, because I hold a Government

VOL. 32

29

next position. You will understand. I am sorry, for I did hope
that we were going to get rid of that element in the Interior De-
partment. The second official in authority in the Indian Office
has been a Catholic throughout this administration. The first
appointee was a Catholic, and when he resigned his successor was
also a Catholic. They have directed largely towards the Catho-
lics throughout the administration. While they constantly tell
"there must be no religion" we are continually confronted with
the fact that the Catholic religion is seeking control through
every avenue possible. I could tell you many things to prove this,
suffice it that I assert them.

(Dictated)
Mc

VOL. 32

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., February 13th 1897.

Hon. M. S. Quay,

U. S. Senate,

Washington, D. C.

Dear Senators:-

I send you herewith four envelopes received by me from the Indian Office, in which official letters were enclosed to me and with them copies of "City and State," a newspaper published by Mr. Herbert Welsh in the city of Philadelphia. You have the documents, envelopes, letters and newspapers, exactly as they reached me, excepting for the blue pencil marking I have made upon them. This is clearly a violation of the Act of March 3rd 1877, as the newspapers referred to do not relate "exclusively (or in any way) to the business of the Government of the United States," but are rather calculated to demoralize and destroy the public service. Note the inflammatory subversive and abusive character of the newspapers, portions of which I have marked in blue pencil for your attention.

Aside from the violation of the law referred to, the attempt by my superior officers through their official endorsement, to force upon me, a subordinate in the Indian Service, the peculiar views and quarrels of Mr. Herbert Welsh, calls for additional notice. How extensive this method of circulating these peculiar papers in the Indian Service has been, I do not exactly know, but I have reason to believe that I am only one of the many who have been served in this

VOL. 32

Hon. M. S. Quay, page 2.

way. I am entirely willing to do anything that I ought to do in
connection with the matter, either in the way of bringing action or
otherwise. My object in sending the papers to you is to inform you
of what is going on and to request your suggestions as to the course
I ought to pursue, unless you yourself care to take it up.

Will you please preserve the envelopes, letters and papers just
as they are, in order that, if necessary in self defense, I may be
able to reach them.

With great respect,

(Dictated)
N.

I have said something about this matter in my school paper, "The
Red Man," copy of which was sent you.

VOL. 32

In reply to

Carlstown, Pa., February 15th 1897.

S. H. Albro, Ph.D., Principal,
State Normal School,
Mansfield, Pa.

My dear Sir:-

I thank you for your kind expressions in your letter of
February 12th, and am very glad to send you, as you request, a
package of printed matter which I believe will contain the informa-
tion you desire. Should you wish to question me in regard to any
special points, I shall be pleased to answer you.

N.

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 12th 1897.

Miss E. L. Tuckerman, Chairman of Literature Committee,
104 East 20th Street,
New York.

Dear Miss Tuckerman:-

I have received the package of magazines you sent for the School, and am greatly obliged to you for the donation. We are sorting and binding in sets, and indexing the various magazines we have received, and find them most valuable helps for our literary work.

N.

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 15, 1897.

Mrs. Alice V. Seneca,
Versailles, N.Y.

My dear Mrs. Seneca,

I am gratified to receive your letter of approval for what we have done and are trying to do for Nancy and your people, and to have the approval of their relatives and parents means everything to me. Nancy has been an excellent pupil throughout her whole course with us, and she has made great progress in preparing herself for nurse. She is one of the most efficient girls we have had in the Hospital. I have arranged that immediately after she graduates she can go to the Medico-Chirurgical Hospital in Philadelphia, and take a regular course there. This will give her a diploma, and she can then practice her profession anywhere in the United States. We have seven girls who have graduated thus, and all of them are doing well. They seldom get less than $12. a week, and often as much as $25. I feel the greatest confidence that Nancy will be one of the best. She may need a little encouragement from her friends to stick to it, but the two years required will soon pass and then if she is not foolish in tying herself to some worthless man, her future is assured. You can rely upon it that I am greatly interested in her welfare and shall do all I can to give her a good start.

(Dictated) Mc

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Mr. Chas. Aubrey,
Blackfoot Agency,
Kipp, Mont.

My dear Mr. Aubrey,

Thank you for your good endorsement of my Civil
Service views. I have had quite a good many letters, and I wish I
could feel it right to print them. I intend to keep them together
to show that I have considerable endorsement. I have a few little
things which I print in the next Red Man. These Civil Service
cranks have had it all their own way. Their habit of calling those
opposed to them, names, and yelling "spoilsman", "spoils system ",
"spoils monger", etc. quite alarms a good many people. Having
gone into the fight I intend to stay at whatever cost. I like
your expressions, and shall be glad to hear from you as the fight
goes on. Give my love to Rose and Alice, and their many friends
at the school would join me, I am sure, if they knew I was writing.
We have 805 pupils on our rolls. Have just passed through a siege
of measles, 103 cases, no accidents, all well now. Never had bet-
ter health at this season of the year, and by dint of hard fight
I have kept out of my working force much weak material, and we are
doing better work this year than ever.

(Dictated)
Mc

VOL. 32

In reply to

L.C. Walker,

Forrest Gorve, Org.

My dear Mr. Walker,

I thank you for your endorsement of my Red Man.

The Indian Rights Association, Mr. Welsh and his henchman, Laupp, have attacked me very savagely, but I shall continue right on and meet their attacks and say more. I note what you say about Mr. Tongue, and shall make it my business if I go to Washington to see him. I have no doubt there are some good day schools, and I have seen good agency schools, but, unfortunately, for them and for the Indians they simply do nothing but hold the Indians together. Instead of being an influence to get the Indians out and away from their tribal life, and break up their conditions, they simply build upon old conditions. There is something else to learn besides books: a certain quality which I call the courage of civilization is necessary, and that is only learned through experience. However, you and I are not very far apart.

(Dictated)
Mc

37

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 16th 1897.

Alexander Man Above,
Potato Creek, South Dakota.

Dear Alexander:-

Your letter of the 18th of January was received a few
weeks ago, but I have been unusually busy and have not been able to
write to you before this.

I am glad to hear that you are so much better in health. I
cannot advise you about medicine, but would suggest that you go to
the best doctor near you, and he will be able to help you.

All goes well with us at Carlisle. We have had delightful
winter weather, with some excellent sleighing. Last Saturday the
Seniors and two other large sleigh loads took long rides. We have
had an epidemic of measles, but are now well over that and hope to
have our Commencement about the 12th of March.

With good wishes for you, I am,

N.

N.

39

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 17th 1897.

Rev. Robert A. MacFadden,
Andover, Mass.

My dear Robert:-

Your letters of January 28th and February 6th reached me in due time, and only the great pressure upon me has delayed me in acknowledging them.

We are always glad to hear of your brightening fortune, and are continuous in our wishes for all that is good to come to you. The people in Cambridge wrote to ask me about you and I was pleased to give them the favorable word I had for you.

Emma is doing better than we anticipated. She is able to ride out often, but she is fading surely, though slowly. She is such a dear, good girl, and so cheerful through it all.

The attempted attack upon me by Mr. Leupp because of the showing I made in the Red Man, reached me very promptly after its publication, so that the copy you sent did not surprise me. Mr. Frances E. Leupp is "the Washington Agent" of the Indian Rights Association. Look out for the next Red Man, you will be interested in it.

The boys' football playing, with its record of clean, gentlemanly behavior, has indeed done us a world of good. It is strange how a brilliant exploit of that kind will eclipse the years of modeling, but it does in the popular mind, and so long as it introduces our

40

VOL. 32

Rev. Robert A. MacFadden, page 2.

aims we are right thankful for it. It has been of great benefit to
the boys in the associations. Letters from all points of the
compass with high praise have come to me, and already our schedule
for next year is about complete. We have requests for more games
than we could manage in several seasons, and it requires much care to
select.

Mrs. Pratt and I would like very much to be able to definitely
plan that we would go to you this spring. We appreciate your
invitation and do hope to accept it some time, but I believe you
will understand the situation and know that I cannot now know what
I will be able to do. I need to get away from the pressure here,
but I am especially held here just now.

Our Commencement is on hand for the 9th, 10th and 11th of
March. Can't you and Mrs. MacFadden come and make us a visit then?
We should be delighted to have you.

Marion and her baby boy, LeRoy, will probably be with us next
week to make us a visit of several weeks.

With cordial greetings from us all to you and Mrs. MacFadden, I am.

N.

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Chief Killer,

Cheyenne & Arapahoe Agency,
Darlington, Oklahoma.

My dear Friend:-

I was very glad to hear from you, and that you hold me in
such warm remembrance. I often think of my "Florida Boys" and wish
I could see all those who are left. It always pleases me to get
letters from them.

I am sorry to hear of your trouble, and wish that I might help
you, but I cannot and would hardly know how to advise you as I am
so far away from your country. If you, however, go on doing the
best you can, things in the end will come out all right.

Maud must have a very nice little family. Please give her the
Captain's love. I am glad she is a good daughter to you.

We are getting on nicely here at Carlisle. I send you a book
of picture of the School, which will show you just how we look.

Mason and Marion are married and have families of their own
now. Marion lives way out in Denver, Colorado. She is coming home
next week to make us a visit, and will bring her baby boy, a year
a half old, whom we have never seen. Nana helps me with my writing,
and my youngest child, a girl of fourteen years goes to school. Mrs.
Pratt is well, and joins me in good wishes to you.

I shall be glad to have your boy here, and will arrange for him
to come in next summer if he is well.

Faithfully your friend,

VOL. 32

Chas. Brave,

Pine Ridge Agency, South Dakota.

Dear Chas.:-

It was pleasant to receive your letter of the 10th, with
its grateful remembrance of Carlisle. We follow all our old students
with interest.

With best wishes for you, I am,

Your friend,

N.

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 32

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., February 18th, 1897.

Dear Cousin Mattie,

I send to you a copy of the New England Magazine which contains quite a full account of the School, and will give you as much history as you will perhaps need. I will add to that that we have always been both a boys' and girls' school. Since the article was written we have increased materially in population and now number 805 of whom 464 are boys and 341 girls, and we represent 57 different tribes or languages, coming here from all parts of the United States. We have one bright little Esquimaux from Point Barrow, the northern most point of our United States territory, where there is a Presbyterian school which is the most northern school of any in the world. We have quite a number of other pupils from Alaska, and from practically all states and territories where Indians are found. Of the 805 students belonging to the school, 193 are out attending public and other schools in this eastern section of the country, working in families for their board and keep and paying their own school expenses. This is the best method of civilizing Indians now in use. I send you also a copy of my address before the National Convention of Charities and Correction at Denver, Colorado, in '92. I think it better missionary talk, more humane, Christian and United States, than any I know, and if you want to hit right out from the shoulder you cannot do better than to use these ideas. We are all well here and glad to

VOL. 32

47

In reply to:

Rev. Dr. George Edw. Reed,
President, Dickenson College,
Carlisle, Pa.

My dear Doctor,

We had arranged a Washington's Birthday celebration here at the School in connection with our regular monthly declamation exercises, and it seems best for us to stick to that. Otherwise, I should be very happy to participate with you in honoring the occasion.

(Dictated)

Mc

VOL. 32

50

In reply to:

Crosby G. Davis,

Supt., Indian Industrial School,
Pierre, S. Dak.

My dear Sirs:

I am obliged to you for your frank letter of the 6th of February. My Civil Service article has been widely copied, and I have quite a good many favorable endorsements. Yours is the most critical save articles by Mr. Welsh and Mr. Leupp of the Indian Rights Association, and Dr. Ward, all of which articles I print in the next Red Man. You are having the same experience I have had and most all others though there are some exceptions. I can name three prominent schools that have their own way quite entirely, getting transfers from almost anywhere in the Service that they ask. What you say about laying the blame more to the Spoils System than to the Civil Service is probably to some extent true, but Civil Service itself is a Spoils System, and can only be continued with safety to itself through that system. What I mean to say is, if we want to enforce Tariff or Free Trade we have to necessarily elect and appoint people in favor of Tariff or Free Trade, and they in turn must bend their energies in appointment and everything else to the accomplishment of Tariff or Free Trade, so that to my mind there is practically no difference between the three, Civil Service, Tariff and Free Trade, so far as the Spoils idea is concerned. There have been isolated cases of Spoils' acts in the

VOL. 32