THE KING LIBRARY PRESS
(a new publication)

THE KIKKULI TEXT
on the
Training of Horses
(Ca. 1350 B.C.)
translated from the German
by Gerhard F. Probst

This is the first English version of the Hittite
Kikkuli Text, the oldest known manual
on the training of horses. It is printed in Caslon
Oldstyle on Hosho paper. There are four-
teen folded sheets laid in cases of linen and/or
marbled papers over boards.

Designed by Carolyn Hammer. Illustrated by
Carolyn Whitesel, after Hittite bas reliefs.

Composed by Carolyn Whitesel, David Farrell
and Gay Reading. Printed by Sallie Ruff.

Marbled papers and cases made by Judy Bull-
ington, Linda Compton, Joan Davis, Ricky.

Ezell, Josephine Lazarus, Deborah Peck, Jed
Porter, Charles Timberlake, and Wendy

Wonderley (apprentices at the King Library
Press, 1976-1977).

125 numbered copies.
Price: 50.00 dollars.

The King Library Press
University of Kentucky Libraries
Lexington, Kentucky 40506

I

IN THE FOLLOWING WAY

KIKKULI

THE HORSE TRAINER
FROM THE LAND OF MITANNI

SPEAKS

THEM TO THE STABLE. WHEN EVENING COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP AGAIN AND HE TROTS THEM ONE MILE AND TROTS THEM BACK. HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES THE HARNESS OFF BUT DOES NOT WATER THEM. HE TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY.

The Fourth Day

WHEN DAWN COMES HE TAKES THEM OUT OF THE STABLE AND HITCHES THEM UP. HE TROTS THEM TWO MILES AND RACES THEM OVER EIGHTY FIELDS. RETURNING HE RACES THEM A MILE AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS. HE TROTS THEM BACK. HE UNHITCHES THEM AND COVERS THEM WITH BLANKETS AND TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE. LATER THE STABLE BECOMES VERY WARM AND THE HORSES GROW RESTLESS AND THE SWEAT COMES. HE TAKES OFF THEIR HALTERS AND BLANKETS AND SNAFFLES THEM. ON THE HEART SALT IS CRUSHED AND

THEM TWO MILES AND A HALF AND RACES THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS. ON THE WAY BACK HE RACES THEM OVER TEN FIELDS AND FOR THREE MILES THE DRIVER RIDES ON THEM AND TROTS THEM. HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES OFF THE HARNESS AND MUZZLES THEM AND TIES THEM UP. WHEN NOON COMES THEY EAT HAY FOR A WHILE. LATER HE WATERS THEM AND TIES THEM UP. WHEN EVENING COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS THEM A MILE. WHEN HE TROTS THEM BACK HE UNHITCHES THEM AND UNHARNESSES THEM AND TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE. ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY.

The Third Day

WHEN DAWN COMES HE TAKES THEM OUT OF THE STABLE AND HITCHES THEM UP. HE TROTS THEM TWO MILES AND TROTS THEM BACK. HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES THE HARNESS OFF BUT DOES NOT WATER THEM. HE TAKES

iii

iv

## *The First Day*

IN FALL HE TURNS THE HORSES INTO THE PASTURE. HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS THEM THREE MILES AND HE RACES THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS. RETURNING HE RACES THEM OVER TEN FIELDS. HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES OFF THEIR HARNESS AND WATERS THEM. HE TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND GIVES THEM A HANDFUL OF WHEAT AND TWO HANDFULS OF BARLEY AND ONE HANDFUL OF HAY ALL MIXED TOGETHER. AND THEY EAT IT ALL. WHEN THEY HAVE FINISHED THEIR FODDER HE TIES THEM UP. WHEN EVENING COMES HE LEADS THEM OUT OF THE STABLE AND HITCHES THEM UP AND HE TROTS THEM A MILE AND RACES THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS. WHEN HE TROTS THEM BACK HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES OFF THE HARNESS AND WATERS THEM. HE TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND GIVES THEM THREE HANDFULS OF HAY AND TWO HANDFULS OF BARLEY.

i

AND TWO HANDFULS OF WHEAT ALL MIXED TOGETHER. WHEN THEY ARE FINISHED WITH THEIR FODDER HE MUZZLES THEM. WHEN MIDNIGHT COMES HE LEADS THEM OUT OF THE STABLE AND HITCHES THEM UP. HE TROTS THEM A MILE AND RACES THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS AND FOR TWO MILES THE DRIVER RIDES ON THEM. HE TROTS THEM BACK. HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES OFF THE HARNESS AND WATERS THEM. HE TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND GIVES THEM TWO HANDFULS OF WHEAT AND ONE HANDFUL OF BARLEY AND FOUR HANDFULS OF HAY ALL MIXED TOGETHER AND STILL ONE MORE HANDFUL OF BARLEY FOR EVERY TWO HORSES. WHEN THEY HAVE EATEN THEIR FODDER THEY EAT HAY ALL NIGHT LONG.

## *The Second Day*

ii

AND HE TAKES THEM TO
THE STABLE WHICH IS STREWN
WITH STRAW. ♠

*The Fourteenth Day to the Nineteenth Day*
FOR SIX DAYS THEY
STAND IN THE STRAW. FODDER
IS PLACED FOR THEM ON ONE
SIDE AND MOISTENED
BARLEY ON THE OTHER SIDE.
AND THEY EAT HAY. ♠

*The Twentieth Day*
HE TAKES THEM OUT OF THE
STABLE AND POURS WARM WATER
OVER THEM. THEN THEY EAT
HAY. HE RUBS THEM
WITH FINE OIL AND TAKES THEM
BACK TO THE STABLE. ♠

*The Twenty-first Day to the Twenty-third Day*
FOR THREE DAYS
THEY STAND IN THE STRAW. ♠

*The Twenty-fourth Day*
HE TAKES THEM OUT OF THE
STABLE AND FOR THE WHOLE DAY
THEY STAND HUNGRY
AND THIRSTY. WHEN EVENING
COMES HE LEADS THEM
BY THE REIN OVER TEN FIELDS. ♠

viii

WHEN NIGHT FALLS THEY EAT
HAY ALL NIGHT LONG. ♠

*The Twenty-fifth Day*
VERY EARLY IN THE MORNING
HE TAKES THEM OUT OF
THE STABLE AND DOUSES THEM
FIVE TIMES WITH WARM
WATER. HE TAKES THEM TO THE
PASTURE. AND THEY EAT ALL
DURING THE DAY. ♠

*The Twenty-sixth Day to the Thirty-fifth Day*
EACH DAY FOR TEN DAYS
HE HITCHES THEM TO THE CART
AND LEADS THEM BY
THE HALTER FOR TWO MILES. ♠

*The Thirty-sixth Day*
HE LEADS THEM FOR TWO MILES
AND LEADS THEM BACK. HE
TIES THEM UP AND THEY
STAND THE WHOLE DAY LONG. WHEN NOON COMES
THEY EAT HAY. WHEN EVENING
COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP
AND TROTS THEM OVER THIRTY
FIELDS. HE TROTS
THEM BACK AND UNHITCHES
THEM AND TAKES OFF THE
HARNESS. HE DOES NOT WATER

viii

II

MALTED BARLEY IS SOAKED IN A
VAT « HE GIVES THEM ONE
MEASURE OF SALT WATER AND
ONE MEASURE OF MALT
LIQUID AND THEY DRINK ALL « HE
TAKES THEM TO THE RIVER
AND WASHES THEM AND DOUSES
THEM « HE BRINGS THEM BACK
FROM THE RIVER AND
TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND
AGAIN GIVES THEM ONE
MEASURE OF SALT WATER AND
ONE MEASURE OF MALT LIQUID
TO DRINK « WHEN THEY HAVE
DRUNK ALL HE TAKES THEM
AGAIN TO THE RIVER AND WASHES
THEM AND DOUSES THEM « HE
BRINGS THEM BACK FROM
THE WATER AND GIVES THEM
ONE HANDFUL OF HAY
AND HE WASHES THEM AND
DOUSES THEM AGAIN « HE BRINGS
THEM BACK AND GIVES THEM
WATER AND HE WASHES THEM
AND DOUSES THEM AGAIN «
ALL DAY LONG HE WASHES THEM
AND DOUSES THEM AND EVERY
TIME WHEN THEY COME
BACK FROM THE RIVER THEY EAT
MOISTENED GRAIN AND
EVERY TIME HE GIVES THEM

v

THREE SCOOPFULS OF WATER «
WHEN EVENING COMES HE TAKES
THEM TO THE STABLE AND
GIVES THEM ONE SCOOPFUL OF
COARSE GRAIN MIXED WITH
CHAFF OF STRAW « AND
ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY «

### The Fifth Day

AT DAYBREAK HE TAKES THEM
FROM THE STABLE TO BE
WASHED IN THE RIVER AND FIVE
TIMES HE WASHES THEM
AND DOUSES THEM « WHEN NOON
COMES HE TURNS THE
HORSES INTO THE PASTURE «

### The Sixth Day to the Eighth Day

HE WASHES THEM THRICE DAILY
FOR THREE DAYS «

### The Ninth Day to the Twelfth Day

FOR FOUR DAYS HE HARNESES
THEM ONCE EVERY DAY AND
WASHES AND DOUSES THEM « AND
THEY EAT THEIR FODDER AND
HAY DAY AFTER DAY «

### The Thirteenth Day

AND ON THE FIFTH DAY HE RUBS
THEM WELL WITH FINE OIL «

vi

FIELDS « WHEN HE TROTS
THEM BACK HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND TAKES THE HARNESS
OFF BUT GIVES THEM
NO WATER « HE TAKES THEM
INTO THE STABLE «
ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY «

### The Fifty-ninth Day

WHEN MORNING COMES HE
TAKES THEM OUT OF THE STABLE
AND HITCHES THEM UP «
HE TROTS THEM HALF A MILE
AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS AND
RACES THEM OVER SEVEN
FIELDS « HE TROTS THEM BACK
AND UNHITCHES THEM « HE
WASHES THEM AND DOUSES THEM
THREE TIMES AND
GIVES THEM THREE SCOOPFULS
OF WATER AND TAKES THEM
INTO THE STABLE « HE
GIVES THEM ONE SCOOPFUL OF
CRUSHED GRAINS MIXED
TOGETHER « ALL NIGHT LONG
THEY EAT HAY «

### The Sixtieth Day to the Sixty-ninth Day

NIGHT AFTER NIGHT FOR
TEN NIGHTS HE HITCHES THEM
UP AND TROTS THEM A

xi

LITTLE BUT HE MAKES
THEM RACE OVER SEVEN FIELDS «
ON THE FIFTH NIGHT OF
THE TEN NIGHTS HE POURS WARM
WATER OVER THEM AND THEY
EAT THEIR FODDER «
NIGHT AFTER NIGHT FOR TEN
NIGHTS HE ALSO LEADS THEM AT
THE CART FOR FOUR MILES «

### [Then for two days training varies but little]

### The Seventy-second Day

WHEN MORNING COMES HE
TAKES THEM OUT OF THE STABLE
AND HITCHES THEM UP « HE
TROTS THEM HALF A
MILE AND OVER TWENTY
FIELDS AND RACES THEM OVER
TEN FIELDS « WHEN
HE TROTS THEM BACK HE WASHES
THEM AND DOUSES THEM
FIVE TIMES « HE GIVES THEM
THREE SCOOPFULS OF
WATER « WHEN HE BRINGS THEM
BACK FROM THE RIVER FOR
THE FIRST TIME HE GIVES THEM
NO HAY « WHEN HE
BRINGS THEM BACK FOR THE
SECOND TIME HE GIVES
THEM ONE HANDFUL OF HAY «

xii

III

THEM BUT TAKES THEM TO THE
STABLE « AND ALL NIGHT
LONG THEY EAT MUCH HAY «

### The Thirty-seventh Day

THE NEXT MORNING HE TAKES
THEM OUT OF THE STABLE
AND HITCHES THEM
UP « HE TROTS THEM FOR HALF A
MILE BUT DOES NOT RACE
THEM « WHEN HE DRIVES THEM
BACK HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND POURS WARM WATER OVER
THEM AND TAKES THEM
TO THE PASTURE « HE GIVES THEM
THEIR FODDER MIXED
TOGETHER WITH A SCOOPFUL
OF CRUSHED GRAIN «

### The Thirty-eighth Day to the Forty-sixth Day

HE TROTS THEM FOR TWO
MILES EACH DAY AND
LEADS THEM AT THE CART FOR
TWO MILES EACH DAY «
THEY EAT ONLY THEIR RATION
OF BARLEY «

### The Forty-seventh Day

HE TIES THEM UP IN THEIR
STALL AND ALL DAY THEY STAND
LIKE THAT « HE GIVES THEM

ix

NEITHER FODDER NOR WATER
BUT WHEN NOON COMES HE GIVES
THEM A HANDFUL OF HAY «
IN THE EVENING HE TAKES THEM
OUT OF THE STABLE AND
HITCHES THEM UP « HE TROTS
THEM HALF A MILE « HE
TROTS THEM BACK AND HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF
AND GIVES THEM WATER « AND HE
TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE «
ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY «

### [Then for ten days training varies but little]

### The Fifty-eighth Day

WHEN MORNING COMES HE TAKES
THEM OUT OF THE STABLE
AND HITCHES THEM UP « HE
TROTS THEM HALF A
MILE AND WHEN HE TROTS THEM
BACK HE UNHITCHES THEM «
HE TAKES THE HARNESS
OFF AND HE TIES THEM UP «
THEY STAND HUNGRY
AND THIRSTY « WHEN EVENING
COMES HE HITCHES THEM
UP AND TROTS THEM HALF A MILE
AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS
AND HE RACES THEM OVER SEVEN

x

NIGHT THEY EAT FRESH HAY.«

*The Eighty-first Day*

WHEN MORNING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM HALF A MILE AND OVER
TWENTY FIELDS AND
RACES THEM IN ROUND'S
OVER TWENTY FIELDS. WHEN HE
UNHITCHES THEM HE
POURS WATER OVER THEM AND
DOUSES THEM FIVE TIMES.
THE FIRST TIME

HE DOUSES THEM HE GIVES THEM
NOTHING. THE SECOND
TIME HE GIVES THEM
ONE HANDFUL OF FRESH HAY BUT
THREE TIMES HE GIVES THEM
NOTHING. HE GIVES

THEM ONE SCOOPFUL OF WATER
FOUR TIMES AND ON THE
FIFTH TIME THEY DRINK THEIR
FILLOF WATER. WHEN

THEY COME BACK THEY EAT ONE
SCOOPFUL OF CRUSHED GRAIN
WITH STRAW AND
FODDER OF THEIR RATION. AND
ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT.«

*The Eighty-second Day to the Eighty-ninth Day*

FOR EIGHT NIGHTS HE MOVES

xu

THEM AT A TROT OVER FIVE MILES
AND EACH NIGHT HE MAKES

THEM RACE OVER SEVEN
FIELDS. ON THE FIFTH NIGHT
HE BATHES THEM WITH
WARM WATER BUT HE DOES
NOT DOUSE THEM.«

AND THEY EAT THEIR FODDER.«

ON THE LAST DAY HE TIES
THEM UP AND GIVES

THEM TWO HANDFULS OF BARLEY
MIXED TOGETHER. WHEN
EVENING COMES HE HITCHES
THEM UP AND TROTS

THEM A MILE AND RACES
THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS. HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND
TAKES THE HARNESS OFF.«

ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY.«

*The Ninetieth Day*

WHEN MORNING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM TWO MILES. WHEN
HE UNHITCHES THEM

HE TAKES THE HARNESS OFF AND
TIES THEM UP.« HE

GIVES THEM NEITHER FODDER
NOR WATER.« WHEN

NOON COMES HE GIVES THEM A
HANDFUL OF HAY.« WHEN

xvi

IV

THE THIRD TIME HE AGAIN GIVES
THEM NO HAY « THE FOURTH
TIME HE GIVES THEM
ONE HANDFUL OF HAY « WHEN
HE BRINGS THEM BACK
FROM THE RIVER FOR THE FIFTH
TIME HE TAKES THEM
INTO THE STABLE AND GIVES
THEM HAY MIXED
TOGETHER WITH ONE SCOOPFUL
OF CRUSHED GRAIN « THEY EAT
HAY ALL NIGHT LONG «

*The Seventy-third Day is to the Seventy-fifth Day*
FROM THE MORNING ON THEY
STAND FOR THREE DAYS
EATING THEIR FODDER AND HAY «

*The Seventy-sixth Day is to the Seventy-ninth Day*
FOR FOUR DAYS HE MOVES
THEM AT THE CART FOR FOUR
MILES EACH DAY AND
TROTS THEM HALF A MILE AND
OVER TWENTY FIELDS EACH
DAY AND RACES THEM
OVER SEVEN FIELDS « THEN HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND
TAKES THE HARNESS OFF « THEY
DRINK WATER AND EAT TWO
HANDFULS OF BARLEY
MIXED TOGETHER « WHEN

xiii

EVENING COMES HE HITCHES
THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM SLOWLY ONE MILE AND
RACES THEM OVER SEVEN
FIELDS « WHEN HE TROTS THEM
BACK HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND TAKES THE
HARNESS OFF « THEY DRINK
WATER AND HE TAKES
THEM TO THE STABLE « ALL NIGHT
LONG THEY EAT HAY «

*The Eightieth Day*

WHEN MORNING COMES HE
HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM SLOWLY TWO
MILES « HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND TAKES THE HARNESS
OFF AND TIES THEM UP « WHEN
NOON COMES HE GIVES
THEM ONE HANDFUL OF FRESH
HAY « WHEN EVENING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP
AND TROTS THEM HALF A MILE
AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS «
HE RACES THEM IN ROUNDS OVER
TWENTY FIELDS « WHEN
HE UNHITCHES THEM HE TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF « HE
DOES NOT WATER THEM « HE
TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE « ALL

xivü

THEM NEITHER WATER NOR
FOODDER « WHEN EVENING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP

AND TROTS THEM FOR HALF A
MILE AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS «
THEN HERACES THEM OVER

EIGHT FIELDS AND THEN THIRTY
FIELDS-TWO-FOLD RACING «

WHEN HE UNHITCHES
THEM HE DOUSES THEM FIVE
TIMES IN THIS ONE NIGHT «

THE FIRST TIME HE DOUSES THEM
HE GIVES THEM NO HAY « THE
SECOND TIME HE GIVES

THEM A HANDFUL OF HAY « THE
THIRD TIME HE GIVES THEM
NOTHING « THE FOURTH TIME HE
GIVES THEM A HANDFUL
OF HAY « BUT EACH TIME HE GIVES
THEM A SCOOPFUL OF WATER «

### The One Hundred and First Day to the One Hundred and Fourth Day

FOR FOUR NIGHTS HE TROTS
THEM SEVEN MILES AND TEAM
AFTER TEAM HE RACES

THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS « ON
THE FOURTH NIGHT
HE UNHITCHES THEM AND POURS
WARM WATER OVER THEM
AND TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE

xix

AND THEY EAT THEIR RATION «

### The One Hundred and Fifth Day to the One Hundred and Eighth Day

FOR THREE DAYS HE MOVES
THEM AT A TROT OVER
SEVEN MILES AT THE CART « ON
THE LAST DAY OF THE THREE
DAYS HE MOVES THEM AT A TROT
FOR SEVEN MILES AND
AGAIN ANOTHER SEVEN MILES «
AND AS OFTEN AS HE

HITCHES THEM UP HERACES
THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS AND HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND
TAKES THE HARNESS OFF AND
THEY EAT ONE EXTRA
HANDFUL OF HAY EACH TIME
AND TWO HANDFULS OF

BARLEY MIXED WITH CHAFF OF
STRAW AND EACH TIME THEY
EAT AND EACH TIME

HE TIES THEM UP « WHEN
EVENING COMES HE HITCHES
THEM UP AGAIN AND HE
TROTS THEM FOR ONE MILE « HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF « THEY
DRINK WATER AND HE TAKES
THEM TO THE STABLE «
ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY «

xx

V

THE EVENING COMES HE HITCHES
THEM UP AND TROTS THEM
HALF A MILE AND OVER
TWENTY FIELDS AND RACES THEM
OVER THIRTY-EIGHT FIELDS-
TWO-FOLD RACING ♦
WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM
HE DOUSES THEM FIVE
TIMES IN THIS ONE NIGHT ♦ WHEN
HE WASHES THEM HE GIVES
THEM NO HAY THE FIRST TIME ♦
THE SECOND TIME HE
GIVES THEM ONE HANDFUL
OF HAY ♦ THE THIRD
TIME HE GIVES THEM NOTHING ♦
THE FOURTH TIME HE GIVES
THEM ONE HANDFUL
OF HAY ♦ EACH TIME THEY DRINK
AS SCOOPFUL OF WATER ♦ WHEN
THEY COME BACK
FROM THE RIVER FOR THE LAST
TIME HE GIVES THEM A
SCOOPFUL OF CRUSHED GRAIN
MIXED WITH CHAFF OF
STRAW AND HE POURS FOR THEM
THEIR FODDER ♦

*The Ninety-first Day to the Ninety-eighth Day*

HE HITCHES THEM UP AND FOR
EIGHT NIGHTS HE MOVES
THEM AT A TROT FOR SIX MILES ♦

xviii

FOR FIVE NIGHTS THEY EAT
THEIR FODDER ♦ ON THE FIFTH
NIGHT HE POURS WARM
WATER OVER THEM AND THEY
EAT THEIR RATION ♦
AND AS LONG AS THE EIGHT
NIGHTS LAST THEY EAT THEIR
RATIONS AND HE GIVES
THEM ONE SCOOPFUL OF WATER ♦

*The Ninety-ninth Day*

HE GIVES THEM ONE HANDFUL OF
FRESH HAY WITH TWO
HANDFULS OF BARLEY MIXED
TOGETHER ♦ AND HE
TIES THEM UP ♦ WHEN EVENING
COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP
AND HE TROTS THEM
TWO MILES SLOWLY THEN
HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF AND
THEY DRINK WATER ♦ ALL NIGHT
LONG THEY EAT FRESH HAY ♦

*The One Hundredth Day*

WHEN MORNING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM TWO MILES ♦
WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM HE
TAKES THE HARNESS OFF
AND TIES THEM UP ♦ HE GIVES

xviii

VI

AND RACES THEM OVER TEN
FIELDS « HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND TAKES THE HARNESS
OFF AND GIVES THEM WATER « HE
TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE
AND HE GIVES THEM HAY «
AT DAWN OF THE SIXTH DAY HE
TROTS THEM TWO AND A
HALF MILES AND RACES THEM
OVER SEVEN FIELDS «
HE TROTS THEM BACK AND RACES
THEM OVER TEN FIELDS
AND FOR THREE MILES THE
DRIVER RIDES THEM « HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF «
THEY DRINK WATER « HE TAKES
THEM INTO THE STABLE AND
GIVES THEM A HANDFUL
OF HAY AND A HANDFUL OF
WHEAT AND THEY EAT
THREE HANDFULS OF BARLEY
MIXED INTO IT « IN THE EVENING
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND
TROTS THEM FOR ONE MILE « HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THEM TO THE STABLE «
ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY «

The One Hundred and Thirty-second Day
THE HITCHES THEM UP IN THE

XXIII

DARKNESS AND TROTS THEM FOR
TWO AND A HALF MILES AND
RACES THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS
AND TEN FIELDS RETURNING «
HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND TAKES THE HARNESS OFF
AND LEADS THEM TO THE
STABLE « WHEN NOON COMES HE
GIVES THEM FRESH HAY «
THEY DRINK WATER « WHEN
THE EVENING COMES HE HITCHES
THEM UP AND TROTS THEM
ONE MILE « HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND TAKES THE HARNESS OFF
BUT HE DOES NOT WATER
THEM « HE TAKES THEM TO THE
STABLE AND THEY EAT
FRESH HAY ALL NIGHT LONG «

The One Hundred and Thirty-third Day
WHEN MORNING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM FOR TWO MILES « HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF BUT HE GIVES
THEM NO WATER « HE TIES
THEM UP « WHEN NOON COMES HE
GIVES THEM ONE HANDFUL OF
HAY « WHEN EVENING
COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP AND
TROTS THEM HALF A MILE AND

XXIV

*[On the fourth day instructions are for three-round racing]*

*The One Hundred and Ninth Day to the One Hundred and Fifteenth Day*

FOR SEVEN NIGHTS OF SEVEN DAYS
HE MOVES THEM AT A TROT
TWICE SEVEN MILES AND EACH
TIME HE RACES THEM
OVER EIGHT FIELDS. WHEN HE
UNHITCHES THEM HE TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF AND
THEY DRINK WATER. HE TAKES
THEM TO THE STABLE
AND ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT
FRESH HAY.

*The One Hundred and Sixteenth Day*

WHEN MORNING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM THREE MILES AND RACES
THEM OVER EIGHT FIELDS.
HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF. HE
GIVES THEM NEITHER FODDER
NOR WATER. WHEN
NOON COMES HE GIVES THEM HAY
AND WATERS THEM AND
TIES THEM UP. WHEN EVENING
COMES HE HITCHES THEM
UP AND TROTS THEM FOR ONE

xxi

MILE. HE UNHITCHES THEM. HE
GIVES THEM NO WATER.
HE TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE
AND ALL NIGHT LONG THEY
EAT FRESH HAY.

*[The instructions for the nine days following vary but little]*

*The One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Day to the One Hundred and Thirty-first Day*

FOR SIX NIGHTS THEY STAND IN
THE STABLE AND EAT THEIR
FODDER. BUT NIGHT
AFTER NIGHT HE HITCHES THEM
UP. THE FIRST NIGHT HE
TROTS THEM TWO AND A HALF
MILES AND RACES THEM
OVER SEVEN FIELDS AND TEN
FIELDS RETURNING. AND
FOR FOUR NIGHTS HE TROTS AND
RACES THEM THE SAME
DISTANCES. ON THE FIFTH
NIGHT HE WASHES THEM WITH
WARM WATER AND TAKES
THEM TO THE STABLE. THEY EAT
THEIR FODDER. THEN HE
HITCHES THEM UP
AND TROTS THEM SIX MILES AND
RACES THEM OVER SEVEN
FIELDS. HE TROTS THEM BACK

xxii

### The One Hundred and Fortieth Day
[four-round racing]

WHEN THE TIME OF THE MIDDLE
NIGHT WATCH COMES HE
HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM HALF A MILE AND
OVER TWENTY FIELDS AND RACES
THEM OVER THIRTY-SEVEN
FIELDS THE TWO ROUNDS OF THE
MIDDLE NIGHT WATCH.«

WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM HE
POURS WATER OVER THEM
THREE TIMES AND DOUSES THEM.«

### The One Hundred and Forty-first Day
[six-round racing]

### The One Hundred and Forty-second Day to the
One Hundred and Forty-sixth Day

FOR FIVE DAYS THEY EAT THEIR
FODDER AND HE HITCHES
THEM UP DAY AFTER DAY.« AND
FOR FIVE DAYS HE TROTS

THEM OVER TWO AND ONE HALF
MILES AND RACES THEM OVER
WHEN THE UNHITCHES THEM
THEM BACK OVER TEN FIELDS
AND FOR TWO MILES
THE DRIVER RIDES UPON THEM.«
WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM
HE TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE

xxvii

AND GIVES THEM A HANDFUL OF
WHEAT AND A HANDFUL
OF HAY MIXED TOGETHER WITH
TWO HANDFULS OF BARLEY.«
WHEN THEY HAVE

FINISHED THEIR FODDER HE TIES
THEM UP.« WHEN EVENING
COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP
AND TROTS THEM A MILE.«

WHEN HE TROTS THEM BACK HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF.«

THEY DRINK WATER AND HE
TAKES THEM TO THE
STABLE.« THEY EAT ONE HANDFUL
OF WHEAT AND ONE HANDFUL
OF BARLEY AND FOUR

HANDFULS OF HAY ALL MIXED
TOGETHER.« WHEN THEY
HAVE FINISHED THEIR FODDER

THEY EAT FRESH
HAY ALL NIGHT LONG.«

### The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Day
[three-round racing]

WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM HE
POURS WARM WATER OVER
THEM AND NEAR MIDNIGHT HE
WASHES THEM AT THE

RIVER THREE TIMES AND DOUSES
THEM AND THEY DRINK

xxviii

VII

OVER TWENTY FIELDS AND RACES
THEM BACK HALF A MILE
AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS—FIVE
ROUNDS. HE UNHITCHES
THEM AND TAKES THEM TO THE
STABLE AND WHEN THEY
HAVE CALMED DOWN HE WASHES
AND DOUSES THEM FIVE TIMES.
THE FIRST TIME HE GIVES
THEM NOTHING. THE SECOND
TIME HE GIVES THEM
A HANDFUL OF HAY. THE THIRD
TIME HE GIVES THEM NOTHING
AND THE FOURTH TIME
HE GIVES THEM A HANDFUL OF
HAY. EACH TIME HE GIVES
THEM ONE SCOOPFUL OF WATER.
THE FIFTH TIME HE LEADS
THEM BACK TO THE
STABLE FROM THE RIVER AND
FEEDS THEM A SCOOPFUL
OF CRUSHED GRAIN AND THEY
EAT THEIR FODDER.

*The One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Day to the*
*One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Day*

FOR FIVE DAYS THEY EAT THEIR
FODDER AND DAY AFTER
DAY HE HITCHES THEM UP AND
TROTS THEM TWO AND
A HALF MILES AND RACES THEM

XXVI

OVER SEVEN FIELDS. RETURNING
HE RACES THEM OVER TEN
FIELDS AND FOR THREE MILES
THE DRIVER RIDES
UPON THEM. FOR FIVE DAYS
THEY DO THIS.

*The One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Day*

ON THE SIXTH DAY HE UNHITCHES
THEM. HE WASHES THEM AND
GIVES THEM WATER FOR
DRINKING AND TAKES THEM TO
THE STABLE. HE GIVES THEM
ONE HANDFUL OF HAY AND ONE
HANDFUL OF WHEAT AND
ONE HANDFUL OF BARLEY MIXED
TOGETHER AND HE TIES THEM
UP. WHEN EVENING
COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP AND
TROTS THEM A MILE. HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF. THEY
DRINK WATER. HE TAKES THEM
TO THE STABLE AND GIVES
THEM TWO HANDFULS OF WHEAT
AND ONE HANDFUL OF BARLEY
AND FOUR HANDFULS
OF HAY. WHEN THEY HAVE
FINISHED EATING THEIR
FODDER THEY EAT FRESH HAY
ALL NIGHT LONG.

XXVII

VIII

UP AND TROTS THEM HALF A MILE AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS AND RACES THEM HALF A MILE-THREE ROUNDS « WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM HE WASHES THEM WITH WARM WATER AND LEADS THEM DOWN TO THE RIVER AND POURS WATER OVER THEM THREE TIMES « THEN HE DOUSES THEM « WHEN THEY HAVE BEEN WASHED HE HITCHES THEM UP AND FOR ONE MILE AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS HE RACES THEM AROUND THE COURSE « THE LENGTH OF THE COURSE IS FIVE FIELDS AND ITS WIDTH IS THREE AND A HALF FIELDS AND IT IS FENCED IN « FOR SIX ROUNDS THE HORSES COVER THIS COURSE « HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES THE HARNESS OFF « HE GIVES THEM NO WATER « THEY EAT ONE HANDFUL OF WHEAT AND ONE HANDFUL OF CRUSHED GRAIN AND ONE HANDFUL OF BARLEY AND FOUR HANDFULS OF HAY MIXED TOGETHER « WHEN THEY HAVE FINISHED THEIR FODDER

xxxii

THEY EAT HAY ALL DAY LONG « WHEN EVENING COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS THEM HALF A MILE AND OVER TWENTY FIELDS « HE RACES THEM OVER HALF A MILE-THREE-ROUND RACING « HE RACES THEM BACK TO THE CITY « WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM HE COVERS THEM WITH BLANKETS AND TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE « WHEN IT BECOMES VERY WARM IN THE STABLE THE HORSES BECOME RESTLESS AND SWEAT « HE TAKES OFF THE BLANKETS AND THE HALTER AND SNAFFLES THEM « IN THE NIGHT HE TAKES THEM OUTSIDE AND WASHES THEM WITH WARM WATER « THEN HE TAKES THEM DOWN TO THE RIVER AND DOUSES THEM FIVE TIMES « THE FIRST TIME HE GIVES THEM NOTHING « THE SECOND TIME HE GIVES THEM ONE OF HAY « THE THIRD TIME HE GIVES THEM NOTHING « THE FOURTH TIME HE DOUSES THEM HE GIVES

xxxii

WATER « WHEN THEY COME BACK
FROM THE RIVER HE HITCHES
THEM UP AND TROTS THEM
HALF A MILE AND RACES THEM
ONE MILE-SEVEN ROUNDS «

HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
OFF THE HARNESS « HE GIVES
THEM NO WATER « THEY EAT ONE
HANDFUL OF WHEAT AND TWO
HANDFULS OF CRUSHED
GRAIN AND ONE HANDFUL OF
BARLEY AND FOUR HANDFULS OF
HAY ALL MIXED TOGETHER «

*[Then for five days training varies but little]*

### The One Hundred and Fifty-third Day

WHEN DAWN COMES THEY DRINK
WATER « HE HITCHES THEM
UP AND TROTS THEM TWO MILES
AND RACES THEM OVER SEVEN
FIELDS AND TROTS THEM

HALF A MILE AND RACES THEM
BACK OVER TEN FIELDS « HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF « HE
GIVES THEM WATER AND TAKES
THEM TO THE STABLE AND

THEY EAT HALF A HANDFUL OF
WHEAT MIXED WITH ONE
HANDFUL OF HAY « WHEN THEY

THEY EAT IT « AT THE
TIME OF THE MIDDLE
NIGHT WATCH HE HITCHES THEM

xxix

HAVE FINISHED THEIR FODDER
IN THE EVENING HE HITCHES
THEM UP AND TROTS THEM HALF
A MILE AND RACES THEM OVER

FIFTEEN FIELDS « WHEN
HE UNHITCHES THEM HE TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF AND GIVES
THEM WATER « HE TAKES
THEM INTO THE STABLE AND
TIES THEM UP «

### The One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Day to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Day

WHEN NOON COMES HE GIVES
THEM A HANDFUL OF HAY « WHEN
EVENING COMES HE HITCHES
THEM UP AND TROTS THEM
HALF A MILE AND OVER TWENTY-

SEVEN FIELDS AND HE RACES
THEM HALF A MILE AND OVER
TWENTY-SEVEN FIELDS—
FIVE ROUNDS « HE UNHITCHES
THEM AND TAKES THE
HARNESS OFF AND THEY DRINK
WATER « HE MIXES TOGETHER

THREE HANDFULS OF
WHEAT AND TWO HANDFULS OF
BARLEY AND FIVE HANDFULS
OF HAY « THEY EAT IT « AT THE

xxx

IX

FIELDS. HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND TAKES THE HARNESS
OFF AND GIVES THEM WATER. HE
TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE
AND TIES THEM UP AND
GIVES THEM ONE HANDFUL OF
HAY. WHEN EVENING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM HALF A MILE AND
OVER TWENTY FIELDS AND RACES
THEM HALF A MILE AND OVER
TWENTY-SEVEN FIELDS-
FIVE ROUNDS. HE UNHITCHES
THEM AND TAKES THE
HARNESS OFF AND WATERS THEM
AND TAKES THEM TO THE
STABLE. AND THEY EAT THREE
HANDFULS OF WHEAT AND
ONE HANDFUL OF BARLEY
AND FIVE HANDFULS OF HAY
MIXED TOGETHER. AND
ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY.

*The One Hundred and Sixty-third Day*

VERY EARLY IN THE MORNING HE
HITCHES THEM UP. HE
TROTS THEM HALF A MILE AND
RACES THEM HALF A
MILE-THREE ROUNDS. WHEN HE
UNHITCHES THEM HE WASHES
THEM WITH WARM WATER AND

TAKES THEM TO THE RIVER AND
DOUSES THEM. THE FIRST
AND SECOND TIMES HE GIVES
THEM NOTHING. THE
THIRD TIME HE GIVES THEM A
HANDFUL OF HAY.

THE FOURTH TIME HE GIVES THEM
NOTHING. WHEN HE BRINGS
THEM UP FROM THE RIVER HE
TWISTS UP THEIR TAILS
AND HITCHES THEM UP. HE
TROTS THEM HALF A
MILE AND RACES THEM ONE MILE-
SEVEN ROUNDS. HE
UNHITCHES THEM BUT LEAVES
THE HALTER ON THEM. HE
TAKES THE HARNESS OFF
AND WHEN THEY QUIET DOWN
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND
TROTS THEM HALF A MILE AND
RACES THEM HALF A MILE
AND OVER SEVEN FIELDS.

HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF. HE GIVES
THEM WATER AND GRAIN
AND ONE HANDFUL OF HAY AND
ONE HANDFUL OF WHEAT.

WHEN THEY HAVE
FINISHED THEIR FODDER HE
HITCHES THEM UP AND
TROTS THEM HALF A MILE AND

XXXV

XXXVI

THEM A HANDFUL OF HAY « EACH TIME HE GIVES THEM WATER « THE FIFTH TIME HE LEADS THEM BACK TO THE STABLE AND GIVES THEM ONE SCOOPFUL OF CRUSHED GRAIN AND RATION OF BARLEY «

*[Then for four days training varies but little]*

*The One Hundred and Sixtieth Day to the One Hundred and Sixty-first Day*

THEY EAT THEIR RATION OF BARLEY FOR TWO DAYS TWICE EACH DAY « ON THE FIRST DAY HE TROTS THEM TWO AND A HALF MILES AND RACES THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS AND RACES THEM BACK OVER TEN FIELDS « ON THE SECOND DAY HE TROTS THEM FOR THREE MILES « HE UNHITCHES THEM AND WASHES THEM WITH WARM WATER AND TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND THEY EAT ONE HANDFUL OF HAY AND ONE HANDFUL OF WHEAT MIXED TOGETHER « THEN THEY EAT FOUR HANDFULS OF WHEAT WITH THEIR FODDER « WHEN EVENING COMES HE

xxxiii

HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS THEM ONE MILE « HE UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES THE HARNESS OFF AND GIVES THEM WATER AND TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND THEY EAT TWO HANDFULS OF WHEAT AND ONE HANDFUL OF BARLEY AND FOUR HANDFULS OF HAY MIXED TOGETHER « AND ALL NIGHT LONG THEY EAT HAY «

*The One Hundred and Sixty-second Day*
WHEN MORNING COMES HE GIVES THEM WATER AND HITCHES THEM UP « HE TROTS THEM TWO MILES AND RACES THEM OVER SEVEN FIELDS « HE TROTS THEM BACK HALF OF A MILE AND RACES THEM OVER TEN FIELDS « WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM HE TAKES THE HARNESS OFF « HE WATERS THEM AND TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND HE GIVES THEM A HANDFUL OF HAY MIXED WITH A HANDFUL OF WHEAT « WHEN NOON COMES HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS THEM A HALF MILE AND RACES THEM OVER FIFTEEN

xxxiv

NOTHING « THE SECOND TIME HE GIVES THEM A HANDFUL, OF HAY « THE THIRD TIME HE GIVES THEM NOTHING « THE FOURTH TIME HE GIVES THEM A HANDFUL OF HAY « WHEN HE BRINGS THEM BACK FROM THE RIVER HE GIVES THEM A SCOOPFUL OF CRUSHED GRAIN WITH THEIR FODDER «

*[For the next three days instructions vary little]*

The One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Day
WHEN MORNING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM TWO MILES « HE
UNHITCHES THEM AND TAKES
THE HARNESS OFF BUT GIVES
THEM NO WATER « HE
TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND
TIES THEM UP « WHEN NOON
COMES HE GIVES THEM
A HANDFUL OF HAY « WHEN
EVENING COMES HE
HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM HALF A MILE AND
OVER TWENTY FIELDS AND RACES
THEM ONE MILE-SEVEN
ROUNDS « HE UNHITCHES THEM
AND TAKES THE HARNESS

xxxix

OFF BUT GIVES THEM NO WATER « ALL NIGHT THEY EAT HAY «

The One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Day
WHEN MORNING COMES
HE HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM HALF A MILE AND OVER
TWENTY FIELDS AND
RACES THEM HALF A MILE AND
OVER SEVEN FIELDS-THREE
ROUNDS « HE RACES THEM BACK
TO THE CITY « WHEN HE
UNHITCHES THEM HE COVERS
THEM AND TAKES THEM TO
THE STABLE « THE STABLE
IS WARM AND WHEN THE HORSES
BECOME RESTLESS AND SWEAT
HE TAKES OFF THE HALTER
AND BLANKETS AND SNAFFLES
THEM « HE TAKES THEM
OUT OF THE STABLE AND WASHES
THEM WITH WARM WATER «
THEN HE TAKES THEM
TO THE RIVER AND DOUSES THEM
FOUR TIMES AND EACH TIME
HE GIVES THEM ONE
HANDFUL OF HAY AND ONE OF
BARLEY « HE TAKES THEM
TO THE STABLE AND GIVES THEM
A SCOOPFUL OF CRUSHED
GRAIN AND A RATION OF BARLEY «

xi

X

RACES THEM OVER TWENTY
FIELDS « WHEN HE UNHITCHES
THEM HE TAKES THE
HARNESSOFF AND WATERS THEM «
HE TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE
AND THEY EAT THREE
HANDFULS OF WHEAT AND TWO
HANDFULS OF BARLEY AND SIX
HANDFULS OF HAY MIXED
TOGETHER « WHEN THEY HAVE
FINISHED THEIR FODDER HE
HITCHES THEM UP AT THE TIME
OF THE MIDDLE NIGHT
WATCH « HE TROTS THEM HALF A
MILE AND OVER TWENTY
FIELDS AND RACES THEM OVER
THIRTY FIELDS « WHEN HE
UNHITCHES THEM HE WASHES
THEM WITH WARM WATER
AND TAKES THEM TO THE RIVER
AND DOUSES THEM THREE
TIMES « HE HITCHES
THEM UP AND TROTS THEM-NINE
ROUNDS-AND RACES THEM
ONE MILE AND OVER EIGHTY
FIELDS « THE LENGTH
OF THE COURSE IS SIX FIELDS AND
THE WIDTH IS FOUR FIELDS «
WHEN HE UNHITCHES THEM HE
TAKES THE HARNESS OFF «
HE GIVES THEM NO WATER « HE

xxxviii

TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE AND
THEY EAT ONE HANDFUL
OF WHEAT AND ONE HANDFUL
OF CRUSHED GRAIN AND
ONE HANDFUL OF BARLEY AND
FOUR HANDFULS OF HAY
MIXED TOGETHER «

The One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Day
ALL DAY LONG THEY EAT HAY «
WHEN EVENING COMES HE
HITCHES THEM UP AND TROTS
THEM HALF A MILE AND
OVER TWENTY FIELDS AND RACES
THEM OVER THIRTY-SEVEN
FIELDS AND RACES THEM BACK
TO THE CITY « HE UNHITCHES
THEM AND COVERS THEM
AND TAKES THEM TO THE STABLE «
THE STABLE BECOMES
VERY WARM AND THE HORSES
BECOME RESTLESS « HE
TAKES OFF THE HALTER AND
BLANKETS AND SNAFFLES
THEM « DURING THE NIGHT HE
TAKES THEM OUTSIDE AND
WASHES THEM WITH
WARM WATER AND LEADS THEM
DOWN TO THE RIVER « HE
DOUSES THEM FOUR TIMES « THE
FIRST TIME HE GIVES THEM

xxxviii

of a fifth tablet, which was not included in the
transcription forming the basis for this

English version. Although it is now assumed
that Kikkuli himself wrote only the first
tablet, and the others were done by assistants
or collaborators, the four tablets form a
continuous whole, and are rightfully known
as the *Kikkuli Text*, particularly since we
must assume that Kikkuli was the true *spiritus
rector* of the entire project. ¶Aside from a

number of philological problems, there are two
major questions of interpretation on which
explicators differ. The first deals with a partic-
ular training procedure, the second with
the confusing linear measurements used. We
read repeatedly that the horses are washed,
bathed, or doused. As the procedures are not

described in any detail, we do not know
the treatment implied by these almost identical
terms. There is, however, some linguistic
evidence that 'douse' refers to the forced im-
ersion of the horse in the water to inure
it to a circumstance that might occur in battle,
or in hunting; 'wash' and 'bathe' seem to
be used interchangeably. The second puzzling
question concerns the measured distance
represented by 'fields', 'rounds', and 'miles'.

The ambiguity of these terms suggests
that the writers, the Hurrians from Mitanni,
used their own as well as Hittite words
for measurements in certain combinations and

3

in relation to certain gaits: for example, with
one exception, 'rounds' is used only with
the gait of galloping (or racing as it is called in
this translation). It is impossible to deter-
mine these distances with any real accuracy but
a suggested relationship is noted here: one
'round equals fifteen 'fields', forty 'fields' equal
one Hittite 'mile', one Hittite 'mile' equals
six and seven-tenths English miles. ¶There are
at least three known translations of the

at least three known translations of the
*Kikkuli Texts*: a Czech version by B. Hrozný in
*Archiv Orientalistu*, III, 1933; *Das Pferd
in der Frühzeit*, by Hanns A. Potratz, 1938; and
*Hippologia Hethitica*, by Annelies Kam-
menhuber, 1961. Joseph A. Estes, editor of the
*Blood-Horse* and widely acknowledged for
his important research in breeding and training
horses suggested that the Potratz text be
translated into English for the Keeneland As-
sociation Library. From this first (1957).

translation, a simplified version (with revisions
prompted by comparison with the Kam-
menhuber text) has been prepared for the pre-
sent publication by The King Library Press
with the assistance of Carolyn Hammer and
David Sider.

Gerhard F. Probst
Transylvania University
Lexington, Kentucky, 1977

NOTES

4