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1957 - Coexistence, a loveless marriage

Indeed, it happens that people do not get married for love, but despite that live their whole lives together. And that is what we want. We live on one planet and therefore we want peaceful competition.

Speech at Prague Castle; *Prague Radio*, July 12, 1957.

1957 - Purged those who opposed coexistence

We firmly uphold the Leninist position of peaceful coexistence. That is written into the decisions of the 20th CPSU Congress. We wrote those decisions and we shall implement them. Some in our midst embarked on a revision of those theses. You know well that our hand did not tremble when we had to stretch it out against those by whose side we had been working and fighting for decades. Such a policy does not tolerate liberalism: it must be logical and consistent. We hold this attitude, and we shall fight against all who try to turn us from implementing the decisions of the 20th Congress.

Speech at Hrabuvka Aerodrome; *Prague Radio*, July 13, 1957.

2. Geneva Conference

1955 - Will ease tension

In its significance the Geneva Conference will become a highly important landmark on the path to the easing of international tension, the establishment of trust between states, without which the cessation of the "cold war" and the establishment of a stable and lasting peace between peoples is impossible.

Speech at Berlin; TASS, July 26, 1955.

1955 - We can wait

In general it seems that the settlement of the questions on the Geneva agenda must wait. Well, we are ready to wait; as the saying goes, the wind is not blowing in our faces. We shall await good weather.

Speech at November 24, 1955, Indian-Soviet Society reception in Bombay; *Pravda*, November 26, 1955.

1955 - We will not disarm ideologically

If certain people regard as a violation of the "Geneva spirit" our conviction that victory will be on the side of socialism, of the Marxist-Leninist teaching, these people obviously do not understand the "Geneva spirit" correctly. They should remember that we have never renounced and will never renounce our ideas, the struggle for the victory of Communism. They will have to wait forever for us to disarm ideologically!

Speech about trip to India, Burma and Afghanistan; *Pravda*, December 30, 1955.

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### 1955 - Unctuous Western words

We have to admit, unfortunately, that the representatives of the Western powers at the Summit Conference did not go any further than unctuous words in favor of a relaxation of international tension.

Meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, December 26-29, 1955 (Russian edition, Moscow, 1956), p. 407.

## 3. Trade and Tourism

### 1954 - Trade a part of easing tension

The Soviet government considers that there are no controversial issues in the present international situation which cannot be solved by peaceful means. Therefore the USSR is doing everything to achieve an easing of tension in international relations. By its peaceful foreign policy the Soviet Union has made a great contribution to the cause of strengthening peace throughout the world. Particularly eloquent evidence of this was the recent Berlin Conference of Foreign Ministers, during which the delegation of the Soviet Union brought forward concrete proposals for easing tension in international relations. Further evidence is the expansion of trade between the USSR and all the countries which are trying to strengthen trade relations with our country on a basis of mutual benefit.

Speech at meeting of voters of Kalinin Electoral District in Moscow, March 6, 1954; Pravda, March 7, 1954.

### 1955 - We do not refuse visas

We do not refuse visas to those who want to visit our country.

You are probably familiar with the Biblical legend of Noah's ark. When Noah selected animals for his ark, he took with him seven pairs each of clean and two pairs each of unclean animals. I can say to you, that more of the unclean come to us than clean, but we receive them all and do not fear them.

We have reasoned thus: If an unclean one comes, he does not sully us.

And so, if the development of international cultural relations is not proceeding as quickly as could be desired, this is not our fault.

Speech at November 24, 1955 Indian-Soviet Society reception in Bombay; Pravda, November 26, 1955.

### 1955 - Trade discrimination has not hurt us

We stand for the kind of coexistence which would promote the normal development of relations among all states; we stand, in particular, for trade with all countries. Let them buy from us, and we shall buy from them.

At present they are trying to carry out trade discrimination with regard to us and do not want to trade important goods with us. But our country is nevertheless growing and strengthening. And, confidentially speaking, their discrimination has only forced us to harness all forces for the production of those goods which the capitalists do not want to sell us. We ourselves now produce these goods and are advancing more and more. Thus, the policy of trade discrimination has not harmed us, but has even helped us.

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1956 - Strategic goods

Certain politicians ask: "Would it not be dangerous to trade in strategic goods if there should suddenly be a war?" But just what are strategic goods? The answer to this question depends on the point of view. Butter, for example, might also be included among strategic goods. In our opinion, this approach must be given up and real trade encouraged. You must sell what people will buy. If you don't want to, don't sell us guns, aircraft and ships, the more so since in the present development of technology, they rapidly become obsolete. What was good yesterday will be old tomorrow. This is clear to everyone.

Speech in Birmingham; Pravda, April 24, 1956.

1956 - Not only avoid war, but create normal relations

A few words, Comrades, on the international situation. How do matters stand in this regard? The Soviet Union has done a great deal to relieve international tension, first of all to weaken and then to eliminate the cold war. We are working in this direction and are doing everything possible in order to achieve the realization of the great Leninist thesis of the possibility of the peaceful coexistence of socialist and capitalist countries, and in order to avoid war. We are setting ourselves the task not only of avoiding war, but also of creating conditions in which there may be normal development of trade, cultural and scientific relations, the mutual exchange of tourists; the task of doing everything necessary for the peaceful coexistence of the two systems, of eliminating the possibility of an outbreak of war, and of deciding all questions which arise patiently, in a spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation among states.

Speech at celebration by builders of Lenin Central Moscow Stadium; Pravda, August 1, 1956.

4. Disarmament

a. Soviet Attitude Toward

1955 - If we disarmed we would be torn to pieces

I can tell you from our own experience that some people watch us with greedy eyes and think how they can disarm us. . . . But what would happen to us should we be disarmed? We would certainly be torn to pieces and then our grandchildren would say: Once there was great Lenin, he understood the interests of the people, under his leadership the Soviet system was established and the Soviet state was formed. But the descendants were unable to defend the freedom and independence of that state. To prevent this from happening we guard our freedom like a sacred thing. . . .

Speech at the Bhakranangal dam project, India; Pravda, November 23, 1955.

1955 - We are forced to produce atomic bombs

If the Western powers do not want to ban the production of atomic and hydrogen weapons, do not even want to give their word on the banning of their use, this forces us likewise to produce atomic and hydrogen bombs, rockets and various other means of destruction.

Speech on November 26, 1955 at Bangalore; Pravda, November 28, 1955.

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1955 - It would be stupid to be powerless in the face of aggressive forces

The Soviet Union has always conducted its peace-loving foreign policy firmly and consistently. We have advocated and advocate the reduction of arms and the prohibition of atomic and hydrogen weapons. But we do not want to be the only ones to disarm at a time when the Western states are increasing their armaments. It would be stupid if we found ourselves powerless in the face of aggressive forces and were unable to restrain the imperialists' mad attempts to unleash a new war. This is why we must continue to pay attention to matters of defense.

Speech at political meeting in Rangoon; Pravda, December 7, 1955.

b. Soviet Proposals

1955 - Reactionaries wanted to frighten us with atomic bombs

After the second world war, reactionary circles wanted to frighten us with atomic bombs, to keep us in submission. But, as is known, nothing came of this. Soviet scientists have discovered the secret of atomic energy. In order to paralyze the aggressive intentions of certain belligerent foreign figures, we were compelled to begin producing atomic and hydrogen bombs. But, after producing these weapons, we immediately stated that we hoped that they would never be used. The Soviet Union, for the first time in the world, placed atomic energy at the service of peaceful development. We have submitted proposals on banning the use and production of atomic and hydrogen weapons, proposals that governments solemnly promise not to use these weapons. But up to now, the Western powers have not agreed to these proposals. . . .

Speech in Indian Parliament; Pravda, November 22, 1955.

1955 - If you live among wolves, you must howl like wolves

We say to the statesmen of the Western powers: If you are afraid of disarming, of destroying your stocks of bombs, then let us give our world of honor as gentlemen that none of us will ever use atomic weapons. They reply that they cannot give their word, because hydrogen and atomic bombs are allegedly necessary in order for them to keep a "balance." But what does such a "balance" mean? It means in arms race. Thus, large resources, a considerable part of the people's work, goes not toward the peaceful development of the state, but for military purposes. Can we carry out any further unilateral arms reduction when the Western powers do not want this? To this I reply with a Russian saying: If you live among wolves, you must howl like wolves.

Speech on November 26, 1955, in Bangalore; Pravda, November 28, 1955.

1955 - Prohibit atomic weapons

We do not intend to attack anyone; we do not think of intimidating anyone. We want everyone to realize the meaning of war and to rise decisively to fight for averting war, for the prohibition of atomic and hydrogen weapons.

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1955 - We warn against gambling on a policy of strength

Some opponents of disarmament proceed from the false assumption that they allegedly posses some kind of superiority in power and that therefore it is not advantageous for them to disarm. We have warned and again warn these advocates of the notorious policy "of strength" that they may make a serious miscalculation in their gambling.

Speech about trip to India, Burma and Afghanistan; Pravda, December 30, 1955.

1955 - International control

It is another matter to approach the disarmament problem realistically: to agree on levels of armaments and on prohibiting atomic and hydrogen weapons, to establish a reasonable system, one that is possible under present circumstances, for international control at railway junctions, naval bases, airfields, etc., making it possible to avert a sudden attack by one country or another. Such measures are completely realizable and all people would welcome them.

c. Reaction to Western Proposals

1955 - Control would promote arms race

The Soviet Union has submitted a proposal on banning the use of atomic and hydrogen weapons, has submitted proposals on reducing conventional types of weapons. We have proposed that effective control be established. But we are told: Until you agree to the type of control which would allow the United States to control the territory of the Soviet Union from the air and would allow the Soviet Union to control the territory of the U.S.A., we shall not discuss disarmament with you.

It is obvious to all that this kind of control is unacceptable, since it does not solve the problem. Imagine American planes flying over the Soviet Union and Soviet planes over the U.S.A. What would be the use of this? The plane flies, and the pilot sees that there is a city here and a village there. Here there are troops and there are some sort of factories. Suppose we see that the Americans have a large number of airfields. We would then have to conclude that we would have to be more active in order not to lag behind and would have to build several more airfields. The Americans would in turn see what we have and would also say that they needed still more airfields, planes and perhaps, something else besides.

Speech on November 26, 1955 in Bangalore; Pravda, November 28, 1955.

1957 - "Open skies" offer nothing

With all respect to President Eisenhower, we have stated from the very beginning that those "open skies" offer nothing, and that this proposal can only increase the suspicions felt by one power towards another.

Interview in Helsinki; TASS, June 13, 1957.

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d. Nuclear Weapons Tests

1957 - Power deters the forces of war and strengthens those of peace

If, for instance, we cease our tests, we shall weaken our defensive potential in some measure. But it should be remembered that it is power that deters the forces of war and strengthens those of peace. Would a certain weakening of our power not be an incentive for the imperialist forces to undertake an adventurous step? They can be encouraged by this circumstance.

Interview with Tomoo Hirooka of the Japanese newspaper *Asahi Shimbun*, June 18, 1957; TASS, June 29, 1957.

1957 - Clean bomb

But what nonsense he speaks--may Mr. Eisenhower forgive me--now, when he says: we, our scientists, have achieved the production of clean atomic and hydrogen bombs. Comrades, one should have the fear of God. Cleanliness! What kind of clean tool for a dirty job is it? What is a hydrogen bomb? It is the destruction of people, the destruction of children, the destruction of women, the destruction of values. We shall now feel reassured because "we, the Americans, have learned how to produce a clean atomic bomb." What a contradiction in terms! In its essence it is a bromide, a means to lessen vigilance.

Prague radio broadcast, July 11, 1957.

5. Soviet Military Strength

1939 - Soviet garden

...don't open your mouth for the Ukrainian loaf. (Laughter, applause.) The Ukrainian people likes white bread itself, and will hit in the face whoever sticks his pigs snout into our Soviet garden. (Applause).

18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Russian edition, Moscow, 1939), p. 173.

1954 - Capitalist encirclement

...the Soviet Union is in a capitalist encirclement and must be ready to deal a crushing blow to any attempt to the aggressors to hinder our peaceful construction.

Speech of February 23, 1954; TASS, March 20, 1954.

1954 - Ready to repeat the lesson taught Hitler

We will constantly strengthen the defensive might of the USSR so that should the imperialist aggressors, in the throes of madness, decide to attack the peaceful toil of the Soviet people and to attack our Motherland, we will deliver a crushing blow to them and repeat the lesson which the Soviet people and their valiant armed forces taught the Hitlerite invaders during World War II.

Speech to the Supreme Soviet; TASS, April 26, 1954.

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1954 - Should the imperialists unleash war, they will choke on it

We can state with full justification that the mighty camp of democracy and socialism, which unites the Soviet Union, the Chinese People's Republic, the Czechoslovak Republic and all countries of people's democracy, united by strong friendship, is capable of giving a worthy rebuff to the lovers of military adventures. Should the imperialists unleash a new, third world war, they will choke on it and it will end in a catastrophe for the capitalist world.

Speech to the Czechoslovak Party Congress; *Pravda*, June 13, 1954.

1955 - Remember what happened to Hitler

A Russian prince said in the far-distant past: He who comes to us with a sword shall perish by the sword. We still adhere to that rule. We welcome our guests and treats and treat them well. But let him who would like to go against us with a sword as an enemy remember what happened to Hitler; the same will happen to any enemy.

Speech at Bhakranangal project in India; *Pravda*, November 23, 1955.

1955 - Soviet hydrogen bomb

We do not want to intimidate anyone, still less do we wish to boast of our military and technical achievements. But in order to cool the ardor of the most zealous champions of the arms race, we must remind them of the results of the recent tests of the latest Soviet hydrogen bomb.

The power of this weapon, as has already been announced, is equivalent to the power of many millions of tons of conventional explosives, and it can be considerably increased. As before, we advocate the prohibition of the production, testing and use of all types of atomic and hydrogen weapons. But those who oppose this should not forget the results of the above-mentioned tests.

Speech about trip to India, Burma, and Afghanistan; *Pravda*, December 30, 1955.

1956 - USSR leads in hydrogen bomb and rockets

It is a fact that the first hydrogen bomb to be dropped from an airplane was exploded in the Soviet Union whereas in the USA, according to available information, only a hydrogen bomb device was exploded and new tests of thermo-nuclear weapons are now being prepared there. I think that we also do not lag in rocket weapon development.

Speech in Birmingham, England; *Pravda*, April 24, 1956.

1956 - Strengthen Soviet army

We must unceasingly strengthen the might of our socialist state and the might of our heroic Soviet army. As you know, the imperialists recently carried out a predatory attack on Egypt. The Soviet people and all progressive mankind have branded with shame the imperialist marauders who attacked the freedom-loving Egyptian people.

Speech awarding Order of Lenin to Young Communist leaders; *Pravda*, November 10, 1956.

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1956 - The fist method does not work with us

I should like to remind those who shake their fists at us that this device has already been used. Our saying is: "You can't take words out of a song." You must speak the truth to people's faces. After the October revolution in our country, many came to us shaking their fists--the British interventionists shook their fists in the north, the American and Japanese interventionists in the east, the French interventionists in Odessa and the German interventionists in the Ukraine. But the Russian people defended their motherland and drove out the interventionists. Hitler also tried to push his way in with his fists, but you know the result of that. In other words, the fist method does not work with us.

Speech in Birmingham, England; Pravda, April 24, 1956.

1957 - Do not threaten us

We are strong but we don't make threats and don't plan to attack anyone. And the imperialists would do better not to threaten us. To the imperialists' threats we reply in the words of Alexander Nevsky: "He who comes to us with a sword will perish by the sword." ...

Speech at April 19, 1957 reception in Polish embassy in Moscow; Pravda, April 21, 1957.

1957 - US planning aggressive war

**Turner Catledge:** ...You probably know that the United States has never in its history started any aggressive war. In that light do you really believe that the United States of America and its allies are planning aggression against the Soviet Union?

**Khrushchev:** That in my opinion is an indisputable fact! If a country does not plan war, it does not accumulate arms, but seeks agreement with the other country.

Interview with Turner Catledge of *New York Times*; TASS, May 13, 1957.

1957 - We must have teeth

We must have teeth so that wolves know they cannot attack peace-loving countries with impunity. The wolves may lose their skins and maybe even more--their heads. And if Japanese militarists did not succeed in realizing their plan of advancing to Lake Baikal, it was not because their conscience would not let them, but because they were not strong enough, because they had met with a shattering rebuff. That was the only reason.

1957 - If you live among dogs, keep a stick

The question, of course, arises whether war can break out. We shall do everything within our power so that it does not. You know, however, that everything does not depend on us. Therefore, as they say, trust in God but labor for yourself. If you live among dogs, keep a stick with you. After all, this is what a hound has teeth for--to bite when he feels like it!

Czechoslovak news service, CTK, July 9, 1957.

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1957 - Distance no guarantee against rockets
---

This should also be considered by statesmen of Britain, France, and other countries whose territory would, in the event of military action, be in the range of atomic and hydrogen weapons. This should also be considered by US statesmen, because in our time, when rocket technology is being speedily developed, no distances guarantee any country against the action of atomic and hydrogen weapons.

Speech in East Germany; East German radio broadcast, August 8, 1957.

B. Attitude Toward the West
---

1. Imperialism
---

1954 - Sympathize with people engaged in struggle against imperialists
---

We do not interfere in the internal affairs of other states. But our people, like hundreds of millions of people all over the globe, have sympathized with, and still sympathize with peoples engaged in the struggle for freedom, and against the colonizers and grasping imperialists, and wish the oppressed peoples complete success in their struggle for freedom.

1955 - Colonial system is being destroyed
---

We are living together at a time when an historical revolution has occurred in the life of many peoples, and when, under the mighty blows of the national liberation movement, the colonial system is being destroyed.

1955 - Lenin's prophesy confirmed
---

Our wise teacher V.I. Lenin wrote as early as 1923 that Russia, India, China and other countries representing the vast majority of the world's population were drawn very quickly into the struggle for their liberation, and he foretold the victorious result of this struggle. Life has fully confirmed these truly prophetic words.

1955 - Mortal blow for colonial system
---

The solidarity of the peoples of Asia is a mortal blow for world colonial system.

Speech at mass meeting in Calcutta; Pravda, December 1, 1955.

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## 1955 - National liberation

some people do not like the fact that we are supporting countries which have thrown off the colonial yoke and are now marching forward, each on its own road. We have always supported the desire of the people of these countries for their national liberation. And we are sincerely glad that they have not only won political freedom but are also marching forward along a new path, although this is not to the liking of some people in Britain, France and the USA.

## 1955 - Oppose capitalist oppression

In the capitalist world this law prevails: If you do not oppress someone, you will be oppressed. If a country is weak, it will be kept in a dependent position. We resolutionally oppose this idea.

Speech at Rangoon University; Pravda, December 8, 1955.

## 1956 - Capitalists try to prolong domination

The peoples of other countries want to rid themselves of the capitalist yoke; they want to achieve what we have achieved. And will the capitalists and landowners welcome these aspirations? No, the capitalists will do their utmost in every way to prolong their domination of the working people, to prevent the people from taking their destinies into their own hands as the peoples of our country, of the great Chinese People's Republic and of the people's democracies have done.

Speech at the All-Union Conference of Young Builders, April 11, 1956; Pravda, April 13, 1956.

## 2. Foreign Aid

### 1955 - A new form of colonial domination

The colonizers have now decided to change the forms of their colonial domination. They resort less frequently to such crude forms of violence as sending troops to colonial countries and other acts of brutal interference in the affairs of enslaved countries.

They are now doing all this more tactfully: they bribe people who have power, install "good governments" and set up aggressive blocs like the Baghdad Pact.

They allot funds for "economic aid"; they give armaments to certain countries "free of charge." But in return the states which receive these arms must supply the colonizers with cannon fodder, set up big armies and thereby exhaust their peoples.

The colonizers give a dollar in "aid" in order to receive ten dollars later in return by exploiting the peoples who have accepted such "aid." After this, they enslave the peoples politically. Such are the "new" forms of colonial domination.

Speech about trip to India, Burma, and Afghanistan; Pravda, December 30, 1955.

### 1955 - We grant aid without imposing terms

When we grant economic or technical assistance to a country we do this as friends, without imposing our own terms.