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My expectation was that the young Filipinos would come from the various tribes and be more or less incapable of holding their own if at once placed out in that manner, and that the very considerable expense which the Japanese Government bore for those young people it sent out to be educated would not be undertaken by our Government; that in the meantime methods such as I have pursued at Carlisle all the years would serve the purpose best, i. e., having a central home from which the young people could be sent out to individual homes and schools just as soon as it was possible for them to get along. The school through its visiting agents would look after their interests and manage for them as economically as it does for the Indians.

I was in hopes that yourself or someone having official interest in the matter would perhaps come to Carlisle and talk over the project with me if it were considered practicable to bring this about. I take it that would be the best way.

You can readily understand, of course, that a school can be made to accomplish practically the enslavement of a people to a particular idea and often to exceptional control, to the great loss of their individuality, just as a school can be made to individualize. No action on the subject having been taken by Congress, nothing further can be done now, but I will endeavor to see you and will formulate some plan as you suggest.

Our general system of Indian education, I am sorry to say, is tribalizing in its influence. We have built up institutions among the tribes which only the children of that particular tribe attend, and have managed to run the whole Indian school business on the same plans as the agency and reservation business, with special ref-

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 54

Col. Clarence R. Edwards.

erance to the continuance of the tribe and to the loss of individu-
ality of its members. Going out from the tribe and becoming indi-
vidual is not encouraged by the system, but rather discouraged.

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-2- Mr. Thompson.

my letter advising return to Carlisle; but yours indicated there was
a contract by which Gimbel Brothers were entitled to claim another
Week's service. Mr. Owen called me up by phone after you had talked
with him and insisted upon that point, that there was a contract. I
therefore yielded the situation because of course we propose to car-
ry out our contracts; but such a contract should not have been made.
While I admit very considerable benefit to the school, its cause, the
band fund, etc., I must say that a great deal of harm is being done
in the students' absence from their studies, and I fear in the case
of the College boys this will be irreparable, being so heavily load-
ed. For our own, we can give them the full day in school for two
or three weeks after their return to catch up.

If Gimbel are willing to spare the band and let them come back
I wish you would do that; but if not, we shall have to carry out the
agreement. If James knows of any band fellows here or there who
could be gotten for the remainder of the time to fill the places of
the college boys, Hastings and Willard, I would think well of engag-
ing them as substitutes. It does not seem just fair to take Sauve
away from his duties here. With regard to his eyes, while there you
would better take him around to Dr. Fox at 1304 Walnut Street. Tell
the Doctor I sent you and he will look after his eyes.

Thank you for informing me about the girls. I will write our
patrons about it.

With kind regards to you all,

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 6, 1903.

Mr. Emory Foster,
Editor, Sunday Edition "North American",
North American Bldg.,
Phila., Pa.

My dear Emory :

You are right. I sent you direct all the material for the article on Self-government at Carlisle.

Please ask Van what the status of our western case is. I am ready and anxious for the trip at any time.

With kind regards to the trio,

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 6, 1903.

Alczo Foster,
Star Lyceum Bureau,
Tribune Bldg.,
New York City.

Dear Sir,

Replying to yours of the 2nd instant, I have to advise you that it is now so late in the season for entertainments at this school, a large number of the pupils having already left for summer homes, that it does not seem advisable to engage the entertainer you speak of, even at the price you quote.

Carlisle, Pa., April 6, 1903.

Dr. Z. T. Daniel,
Rosebud Agency, S. Dak.

Dear Dr. Daniel :

We sent you all the goods left here. The balance had gone to
Mrs. Daniel.

With regard to a party of students we furnish escort's transportation one way for five or more pupils and both ways for ten or more. I should be very glad to have you bring a desirable party of such is available, and to arrange all expenses in connection with it. If you have no consent blanks will send you a supply. The chances are there is a stock at the agency.

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1903.

David Turkey,
Dolington, Pa.

Dear David :

I have your receipt for the check and note that you have been intending to write me. It has been a long time since I have had an expression of any kind from you, but I hear through Miss Fly that you are getting along very well, and it is gratifying to know that.

With best wishes always,

Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1903.

Miss E. M. Hagaman,
C/o Chattanooga National Bank,
Chattanooga, Tenn.

Dear Madam :

Replying to your postal inquiry of the 1st instant, I have to advise you that we have nothing to do with the making of Indian baskets at this school and can give you no information as to reeds, raphia, etc. We teach at this school only the ordinary and practical industries in which our American people engage for livelihood and profit.

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1903.

Mr. Refugio Flores,
Redlands, Cal.

Dear Friend :

I have yours of the 27th ult. concerning your son Louis. Louis
came to Carlisle just four years ago and is therefore not entitled
to return home this year. He is here at the school well up toward
the top and should be allowed to continue the course to graduation.

As you know it is against Indian school rules to send pupils
home for a visit during their agreed term at school, even at par-
ents' expense. You can readily see the reason for this rule. If we
permitted students to go home on the call of the parents, either
on account of family sickness, death or other misfortune, the demands
would become so great as to practically break up the school.

VOL. 54

Carlisle, pa., April 7, 1903.

Dr. J. D. Lippincott,
304 Summer Ave.,
Newark, New Jersey.

My dear Doctor :

I enclose an application blank for the Indian boy you speak of
which should be filled out and returned to me. If the boy is where
he can attend a good public school I should count his chances far
better than they would be here where he would be thrown with Indian
boys entirely and he deprived of association with white boys from
whom he might receive incentive. However, we supplement our train-
ing here by country experience under our Outing by which the boys and
girls work for farmers and in families in the summer, receiving
suitable wages, and can attend the public schools of the state by
living with selected families and working mornings and evenings for
their board. Should the boy come here, such experience would be
part of his school course.

Upon receipt of the information asked for on the blank, I can
if best, furnish transportation to Carlisle for him.

Sincerely yours,

Col. & Supt.

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1903.

Mrs. I. H. Joe,
7159 Normal Ave.,
Chicago, Ill.

Dear friend,

I have your letter of inquiry with regard to Kate Shepherd and the other Alaskans from Wood Island.

Most of these children have been in the country during the winter of their own wish and all are doing very well. Nikefir had pneumonia this spring and we had a hard time pulling him through, but he is getting strong again and has asked to go to the country for the summer. Kate was recalled from her country home, and the place dropped from our lists as not suitable for our girls, although it had been highly recommended. She will write you shortly. John, George, Pariscovia, Anastasia and the others are all making very good progress and we count them among our most satisfactory students.

Sincerely yours,

VOL. 54

Carlsisle, Pa., Mar. 31, 1903.

Mr. Charles Hull Ewing,
614 W. Lake St.,
Chicago, Ill.

Dear Sir :

Replying to your inquiry of the 19th instant, your letter was passed over to different ones at the school having some knowledge of one or more of the various Indian dialects, but no suitable words have been found with the meaning suggested. All are long and almost unpronounceable by an English speaking person, and I feel sure you could not use them. If our students were more conversant in their native speech it is probable we could secure correct terms that would be pleasing and musical. I suggest that you address the Head of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., who might be able to give you the information desired or to refer you to someone who can aid you.

Sioux.

Looking Westward - Wiyorpeyata etonwon.

Looking toward the Sunset - Wioiyaye ekta ketkiya etonwan.

Western slope - Wiyorpeyata makokud tkiya.

Oak woods - Utuku oju.

Crow's nest - Num ahake kin hena os na caje kiye pica sece.

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Mr. Mwing.

K Iowa.

Looking Westward. - Play-yea-yah-amh.

Looking toward the Sunset. - Bad-baah Play-yea yohamh.

Western Slope. - Play yea-yah-amh peadlh.

Oak woods. - Koatkonah.

Crow's nest. - Masaw Thoe.

Pueblo.

Looking Westward. - Benemi Go yuk.

Looking toward the Sunset. - Go wa go yuk Ka en na.

Western Slope. - Bun-ne-ya-ko-to(two). .

Oak woods. - Ha-ha-nee gotz.

Crow's Nest. - Ste-ta Ko watza.

The above have been handed in since the letter was written.

Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1903.

Princess Chinquilla,

Jamaica, Long Island,

New York.

Dear friend :

I sent your letter of Feb. 17th to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and now send you his reply, which please return after reading.

Sincerely yours,

Col. & Supt.

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481

Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1903.

Mr. Edward Williams, Farmer,
Colony, Okla.

Dear Sir :

Replying to yours of the 25th of March, our records give the
following data in regard to your brother, Percy Whitebear:

"Percy Whitebear, Cheyenne, entered Carlisle for a five years'
term Sept. 9, 1896. Died July 22, 1899 of consumption. Age at time
of entrance, 16."

His conduct while here was very good, and although in one of
the lower grades in school, was doing very well. His last sickness
came on very suddenly and he was at once beyond hope of recovery.
He is buried in our school cemetery and his grave is marked by a
stone on which name, date, and tribe are inscribed.

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1903.

Dr. C. G. Newton,
Algert, Arizona.

Dear Sir,

General Eaton wrote me some time ago that you had taken up work among the Navajoes and suggested that you might be able to send up a good party of children from there. I advised the General I would gladly arrange transportation on word from you that it was needed. Formerly we had a number of Navajoes here, but latterly none at all.

I should be glad to resume relations with that agency, and if after you have got hold of the situation you find you can turn this way some of their promising young people I should hope to make it gratifying to you and to them in results.

By reference from the Indian Office I am informed that Maggie A. John, aged 19, seamstress at Fort Defiance, wishes to come in August, and I have written the Agent that I will be glad to receive her.
She is a Klamath.

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1903.

Mrs. Geo. McPherson,
2541 Carney Ave.,
Marinette, Wis.

Dear Mrs. McPherson :

I have yours of March 29th with reference to your son George.
On inquiry from those who have your son in charge I find he is some-
what averse to work, that he uses tobacco, and is generally very in-
different to regulations. It is these failures that have caused
the trouble he seems to have complained of to you. He has been as-
signed to the balaksmith shop, one of our most popular departments.
He has not been sick, and asks to go to the country, but so far has
not shown sufficiently industrious to make his going promise well.
I have had noted opposite his signature on his application what you
state about the sun stroke, and this will be taken into consideration
if he is allowed to go out.

We shall do the best we can for him, and hope later to give you
a more satisfactory report of him. An encouraging letter from you
now and then I believe would have a good effect.

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VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 8, 1903.

Myron H. Moses,
Perris, Cal.

Dear Myron:

Your letter of Feb. 27th comes into my hands again on my return
from Florida where I went shortly after commencement for a little
rest. I was in such condition at the time that many personal letters
were left unanswered. I am better now, though not well, and have ta-
ken up the round of duties here once more.

The papers you asked for go forward today. Am sorry they they
have been so long delayed.

I am very glad indeed to hear of your improvement in health and
hope you can stay long enough to become entirely well. It is very
blustering and stormy today, though we have had some very genial
days. Farm work has begun and our first party of boys left for the
country last week. The band is playing its second week at Gimbel
Brothers' department store in Philadelphia and winning much favorable
comment. As a former member you will no doubt be glad to hear they
are acquitting themselves so well. We lost quite a number this year
by graduation. Your grateful remembrance of us and your appreciation
of what you received here is very pleasant. Outside of the encour-
aging words from students and graduates and the recognition of my
steady purpose here for the Indians by those who have all the years
stood by me because they felt Carlisle had struck the right line of
action, there would be nothing to keep me in the work. I have of-

487

8

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-2- Myron Moses.

ten been inclined to cast it all aside, but my duty seemed to be
right here and I was not at liberty to drop it, notwithstanding the
conditions and influences that have always aimed at counteracting
our results.

With best wishes to you always, and to those who were formerly
of us here,

Faithfully your friend,

Carlisle, Pa., April 8, 1903.

Mrs. Mary Thibbido,
Oldtown, Me.

Dear friend :

Relying to your letter of April 1st, I am glad to tell you that
Peter Francis has quite recovered from his accident, and is around
at work and apparently all right. Just how he happened to injure his
toe he could tell you better than I. However, neither the mashed
toe nor the sore throat were at any time serious, though of course
painful. Peter has ability, is a printer, and with interest in his
work will do well.

VOL. 54

488

April 8, 1903.

Miss Alice W. Craighead,
1713 Corcoran St.,
Washington, D. C.

My dear friend :

My remaining at Carlisle seems a little in the
air because being retired I am on a different stat-
us from what I was as an officer on duty. Nothing
special has come to me to indicate I am not to re-
main, and I am rather inclined to think I shall be
continued, though under conditions and status which
are not at all satisfactory to me and can hardly
be made so. Still, as this is my work I am in du-
ty bound to bear the ill of it as well as enjoy
the successes. It was a little like getting mar-
ried, "for better of worse." Just now it seems
to be "for worse", but there is a future and a
chance to have things better. However, I do not
believe in the Indian Bureau or its plans because
the conditions and results do not warrant me in
such belief. For this reason the prospect is for
success are not at all promising.

It is always pleasant to have a kind word from
you and your mother,

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489

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Carlisle, Pa., April 8, 1903.

Mr. Camille Giraud,
Quincy, Cal.
My dear Sir.

I have yours of March 28th asking that your son be sent home at once. In reply I have to advise you that Lewis ran away in December after very unsatisfactory conduct here. With two other boys he made his way to North Carolina where they spent two months before we located them and had them brought back to the school. Lewis had money but the greater part of that was used to pay the expense of his capture. He still has $67.73 to his credit here, all of which would have been forfeited under the rules of the school if he had not returned to the school, and would have been used in capturing other runaways.

Lewis is here now, and has a chance to redeem the reputation
his offences here have earned for him. He has undergone his punish-
ment, and I have hopes will do all right hereafter. I could not send
him home, as that would only be a reward for his misdemeanors, and
beside, he has been here less than one year out of the five for which
he came to Carlisle. He is in excellent health and we are all anxious
to help him if he can only get himself into a disposition to make use
of his opportunities and accept the help waiting for him.

Sincerely yours,

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Carlsbad, N.Y., April 9, 1903.

Mrs. Hattie Jimerson,
Red House, New York.

Dear friend :

I have your letter of the 8th with regard to your son Raymond.
If you insist that you want him home at the end of June I shall send
him, but I do not feel that it will be in the best interests of the
boy to do that. He is doing well in school, but is too small to take
care of himself yet. He has never been a rugged boy, but holds his
own very well. He can go to the country if he wishes and earn some-
thing for himself, doing chores and such light work as his years
and strength permit, and this it seems to me would be much better
for him than to go home to be idle all summer.

However, I have placed his name on the list to go home at the
end of June if you wish it at that time.

Sincerely yours,

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VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 9, 1903.

Mrs. Wm. S. Scott,
Cowanda, New York.

Dear Mrs. Scott :

By reference from the Indian Office I have your letter of Mar.
23rd asking that your son William be sent home because you need his
help, and am instructed to make "proper answer to the writer."

William has been here only four months and has just got well
settled and acquainted. He came for five years, as do all students
entering Carlisle, and it is against Indian school rules to shorten
the term of any student unless his own health demands a change. Wil-
liam is well, and there is no reason why he should be sent home that
our rules could consider. Sickness in the family at home is not
sufficient cause to cut off a student's opportunities for education.
Many years ago we were compelled to take this stand, owing to the
numerous requests for the return of children before the completion
of their term. You can easily see that if allowed in one case, the
demands would soon break up the school. Children would be coming and
going all the time, and there would be no system nor discipline at
all.

Sincerely yours,

Carlsile, Pa., April 9, 1903.

Miss Jeannette M. Buckles,
Wadsworth, Nev.

Dear Nettie :

I have been greatly interested in what you tell of your work at Wadsworth and am pleased that your efforts are so highly appreciated by your pupils. Apparently you have good material to work upon and I shall be glad to hear of your success.

We had a very pleasant commencement. About fifty of our former students and graduates were here, and altogether I count it one of the most interesting and successful occasions we have ever had. Quite a number brought in small parties of children.

The winter's worries told pretty heavily against me this year and shortly after commencement I found it necessary to go away for a little rest. I went to Florida and North Carolina, spending about three weeks there, but returned some days ago to take up work here again, at least for a while.

The favor you ask, I regret to say, I am not able to grant, and a little review of the matter by yourself I am sure will convince you that were it possible for me to lend you the money it would not be best for you. It is not a good plan for anyone to go in debt and in your case it seems to me entirely unnecessary. You have been in the Indian service since '99 at a fair salary and with reasonable economy should be able to save something toward your proposed course in music especially as you do not expect to undertake it within the next eighteen months. Some sacrifice of pleasure may be necessary, but that

VOL. 54

-2- Miss Jeannette M. Buckles.

will only make you appreciate such a course the more. I know you
must have been at considerable expense for your shorthand course last
year; still all these things must be taken into consideration, and
if you took that to the exclusion of music it of course calls for
special sacrifice now to realize this other ambition. I sympathize
with you in your plans and trust you will find the means within your-
self to carry them out. My resources have been lately limited by
my retirement, and my remaining at Carlisle is a little uncertain;
so that I must now think of my own family needs and wherever I can,
cut down my outside obligations to make my salary reach.

You have ability and I feel sure can make a success in your
teaching, and if that is the line of work you expect to follow it
would be well to stick to it and by study perfect yourself especial-
ly in that direction. If you feel that office work or that music
is your stronger forte, then push the one you settle upon. It is
continuance in one line, the line in which you are best fitted,
that will be your successful one.

My best wishes are with you always.

Faithfully your friend,

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 9, 1903.

Hon. Geo. R. Patterson,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D. C.

Y. dear Sir :

Relying to yours of yesterday with regard to an Indian girl for
one of your constituents, I have to respectfully advise you that our
lists for placing girls are made out in February and March upon ap-
plications received prior to that time. This year we have received
734 applications for girls and are able to place only about 343.

When placed out they are still under our care and are put only
into such localities as our visiting agent can reach in her regular
counts twice a year. I take it your constituent live in Texas, in
which case it would be practically impossible for us to meet the
request. I enclose you a set of our outing blanks showing regula-
tions covering our relations with pupils and patrons. The girls are
expected to attend school at least 100 consecutive days if they re-
main out through the winter; otherwise they return to the school in
September and attend school here. These conditions are often a dis-
appointment to those applying for girls.

Very truly yours,

Col. & Supt.

VOL. 54

Carlisle, Pa., April 10, 1903.

John Londrosche,
Wabasha, Minn.

Dear John :

I am glad to hear from you and to know you are at work and pushing ahead in the world.

With regard to the Chippewa girl and others, I should be glad if a small party of desirable students could be made up from those in your section. They must be not less than one-fourth Indian, preferably more than that. I would rather have them come in July or August as we are pretty full now and our transportation funds are getting low. I send you a number of application and consent blanks which you can have filled out and returned to me toward the end of June. If for any reason the girl you speak of ought to come in before that time, it will be all right of course and upon word from you I will place transportation at such point as you name.

You will note it is necessary that the good health and good character of the applicant must be established.

Sincerely yours,

Please return the blank for the girl at once as upon that when properly filled I shall have to conclude.

VOL. 54

Dr. Cordyce Grinnell,
572 N. Warenco Ave.,
Pasadena, Cal.

My dear Doctor :

I had intended all these weeks to write you a little note to thank you for yours of the 29th of January; also to concur with you in noting the change among the Indians. My only dissatisfaction with it all is that the change has not come a great deal sooner. My feeling all the years has been that our treating the Indian as a sav- age is what kept him so. If he had been treated as a man along a good deal higher lines than even now we are treating him he would not now be as badly off as he is. The system, although producing some results, is not by any means producing the results that should at Carlisle have been and are now being produced. Having determined upon treat- ing him as a man we should not waver or be half-way about it. The Indian Bureau is at the bottom of our want of progress. To do away with the Bureau is the great problem. It is perfectly evident the Bureau will never do anything that will seem to place a limitation upon its continuance, but will always do those things which build, strengthen and enlarge its responsibilities. The results of my la- bors have been to me most unsatisfactory because of these influences and for a long time I have been praying to be delivered from further service and experiences.

I think of you often and often wish you might be willing to come back and help us. What would you think of a move of that kind now ?

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VOL. 54

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Eugene Warren,
White Earth, Minn.

Dear Eugene :

I enclose you a letter from the superintendent of an Indian
school at Battleford, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territory, Canada, who
wants a young man of about your equipment. You will see what he says
about it. As you are so well on the way toward Battleford it might
be well for you to try this place. I have written him that I have
sent you his letter and that you will write him. Whether you think
well of it or not please return the letter to me at once, so that I
may look further in case of your refusal or drop the matter from my
mind if you accept.

With best wishes,

Faithfully yours,

VOL. 54

Rev. E. Matheson, Prin.,
Indian School,
Battleford, Saskatchewan,
Northwest Territory, Canada.

My dear Sir :

I have yours of the 28th ult. with regard to a disciplinarian
for your school, and have referred it to Eugene Warren, one of our
graduates, class of 1901, now at his home at White Earth, Minn., who
has applied for a position in the Indian school service. Eugene is
one fourth Indian and is a lineal descendant of Dr. (Gen.) Warren who
fell at Bunker Hill, which connects him somewhat with both of us.
While at Carlisle he had charge of the small boys as assistant dis-
ciplinarian for nearly two years. He is an Episcopalian.

I have instructed Eugene if he wants to engage with you to write
you at once and to return me your letter. Should he not care to un-
dertake the place there is another of our graduates who I think
could fill the place well. He is employed, whether at as good a
salary as you offer or not I do not know, but he has been wanting ap-
pointment in the Indian service, too.

With regard to a teacher, you do not state whether you prefer
an Indian. It is possible I could send you one of our graduates who
is fairly well equipped for such work, or could help in securing a
competent white person if I had more definite information as to sala-
ry, etc. Our teachers receive from $540 to $800 per annum.

VOL. 54