HUGH M. GALBRAITH, M. D.

FIRST NATIONAL BUILDING
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA

December 12, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zillborg
14 East Seventy-Fifth Street
New York City, New York

Dear Gregory:

I appreciate very much your sending me your autographed
book, and I prize it highly. It is a swell job, the kind
that one would expect from you. I spent Thanksgiving with
Mo, when I went back East to testify in a case, and we had
a good time discussing you and your book, from the point
of view of two who like and admire you tremendously.

As you may have surmised from the above changed address, I
have dissolved partnership. Things got pretty bad before
I finally pulled out. He really seemed to be in a frenzy
for a few days before and a couple of weeks after I left,
but he seems to have calmed down now, at least for the time
being. He is better off without me. I haven't done so bad
so far, and things seem to be pointing in the direction of
better things to come.

Things look pretty bad for the world in general don't they?
If you ever feel the need of a refuge, far from the bombs,
I hope you will remember that you have friends in the mid-
dle of the Continent, far from any ocean.

Please remember me kindly to Ray and your lovely children,
and Marjorie sends her love.

HMG.TB

January 6

1941

Dr. Hugh M. Galbraith,
717 N. Robinson Avenue,
Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma.

Dear Hugh:

It was good to hear from you. Yes, a number of newcomers do not know how to evaluate their position, and make no attempt to understand the country and its people. It is pitiful, and Weiss is rather a typical case.

I am very glad to hear that things apparently go well with you, and I hope you will find time to come to Richmond this year.

Incidentally, how far is Oklahoma from Tepeka? I may be there in a few weeks, and if there is a good train between these two life centres, I might drop in to see you on my way from, or to New York.

Best regards to your family and colleagues,
and best wishes for a very happy New Year.

As always,

["June 10, 1941.", "Dr. Iago Goldston,\nCommittee on Medical Information,\nNew York Academy of Medicine,\n2 East 103rd Street,\nNew York, N. Y.", "Dear Dr. Goldston:", "This will confirm our telephone conversation regarding\nthe following matter: A lady called me up in the name of one of\nthe Editors of Life Magazine, Mr. Bush, saying that they wanted to\nget me on their "close-up" of me and that Mr. Bush would\nlike to call on me in regard to it. I naturally demured and said\nthat such things are not acceptable from the professional point of\nview of the physician.", "When I telephoned to you a few minutes ago I explained\nto you my concern for the fact that Life Magazine might go ahead\nand try to publish something anyway, as is the want of many news-\npapers, and I thought that as a Fellow of the Academy of Medicine\nI might perhaps be permitted to use the good offices of the\nAcademy in order to make clear to Life Magazine that the publica-\ntion of such an item as that contemplated by them about me would\nbe unseemly and in many other respects is inadvisable.", "I understand, of course, the position of the Academy as\nyou explained it to me, and I write you this letter merely in\norder put on record the facts as stated. I shall not notify\nLife Magazine of my letter to you, nor do I intend to communicate\nwith them on the subject. Let us hope that their wisdom will\novercome their reportorial fervor.", "With kindest personal regards.", "Yours sincerely,"]

December 31, 1941

Lieutenant-Commander Charles B. Gary,
United States Naval Observer,
Naoeió, Brazil.

My dear Commander:

Your letter came at a moment when I felt particularly pensive and concerned. It was very good to hear from you. I understand your hopes and misgivings. I shall them. Somehow I am unable to make peace with this world at war. What strikes me as incongruous and disconcerting is the ease with which we accepted a state of war and "unity" without, I am afraid, feeling fully the import of the events and the greatness of the task to be accomplished. There is a lightness and a casualness around and one feels resentful. The responsibility which has fallen on the shoulders of our generation is great and heavy and one wonders whether we truly appreciate it. Winston Churchill addressed the U. S. Congress today. He was moving and stirring and he spoke of 1943 - 1944. It was good that he spoke in this manner! It was good to make us know that it will not be tomorrow - not a "walk over" - but a struggle, a hard job. I envy you. Yesterday, Christmas day, was my birthday - fifty-one - sound of wind and limb and destined to sit and wait until someone will win the war for me. It makes me feel very sad. I speak several languages; I know something about human beings and history and I could be useful - more useful than it might appear at first and yet here I am forced to sit and earn a living and lead the life of a sedate citizen while so many of our citizens are fighting and dying for me.

There is going to be a victory and there is going to be peace, and one hopes to think that one would take victory without paying for it and receive peace without having earned it. As you see, my dear Commander, I would gladly go anywhere to do anything, and any advice you may offer will be warmly appreciated.

In the meantime please keep in touch with me. I wrote to Mrs. Gary and sent her a book and received a nice letter from her.

Best wishes to you for the coming New Year. How is your ensign? Has he learned more facts of true humanness? His youthful conservatism baffled me.

Kindest regards.

Yours cordially,

IN REPLY PLEASE
Refer To ............

UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVER
MACEÍO, BRAZIL

December 13, 1941

My dear Doctor :

I regret that I cannot wish for you or for myself or
for our country a "Merry" Christmas.

We are now on our way down into the valley. It has
long been before us, inescapable, but we have long hesitated. Many thought
we could skirt around it; others tried to eliminate it by denying its ex-
istence; still others, myopic from concentration on the ground underfoot,
had no eyes for the destined course of our path. And always the valley grew
wider and deeper.

But its dimensions for us have now been fixed - and
these we shall know in good time.

During the years of our hesitation I have occasionally
wondered if we, as we are, were not possibly too rich, too powerful, too
successful for our own good. I have wondered if we lacked some of the humility
and hard experience and sense of trusteeship that alone make wealth and power
safe to administer. I have wondered if we had forgotten that no heritage -
moral or material - is self-perpetuating, but to be possessed must be conscious-
ly fostered always and re-earned time and again. I have wondered if we were
wanting in the vision without which a people perish.

During these years I have sometimes feared that we re-
sembled an immature scion to a vast patrimony who had forgotten the struggle
and the character that amassed the fortune, and who knew much of liberty but
little of duty, much of freedom but little of responsibility. And I have been
concerned, because on such a man or nation history invites disaster.

But this Christmas, as we start down, we can confidently
hope that what we are to endure will fuse and mature us as a nation; that the
ordeals of war, in reducing life to its essentials, will revive qualities and
principles that possibly have become submerged in a too insular and material-
istic concentration. We can confidently hope to renew a faith and gain a vision.
And we can resolve that out of the travail and the victory, we shall achieve,
as a united people, a worthiness of our heritage, a reassertion of our destiny,
and a better, even if a different world.

I wish you a Christmas commensurate with these hopes and
resolves.

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg, M.D.
14 East 75th Street
New York City.

December 9, 1941

Lieutenant Commander Charles Gary,
United States Naval Observer,
Maceió, Brazil.

My dear Commander:

Much has happened since I saw you last. Your very good letter reached me almost two weeks ago, and yet despite my eager desire I was unable to write you until now. The current, daily chores which impose themselves upon one after a long absence from home took most of my time. The President spoke to Congress yesterday. We are in it, and there is a mixture of relief and anxiety in one's heart about things as they are and things to come. Now, even less than before, will it be possible to guage the true ebb and flow of the spirit of the country, because the job to be done is so pressing and so harsh that there is little time to think about any program for the future. Overnight the country became united. Unity there is because there is danger, there is a country to defend - but admirable as it is I wish we stopped thinking only in terms of defending ourselves. After all, fighting for something is always a more potent social force than defending one's self. Somehow we who developed in the spirit of democratic and Christian ideals, we who learned to know the value of the individual and his spiritual independence, we somehow failed, for the time being at least, to find a proper way of reconciling this individualism of ours with the communal needs. We think of our functioning in the community as an individual sacrifice - which is wrong - and we don't yet fully know how to weld into a true and healthy whole the individual as a person and the individual as a part of the community - without marring either. Perhaps this crisis which finally reached our shores as it inevitably had to some day will help us find a satisfactory solution.

I envy you - far away and isolated as you are from the center of things, for you have a job to do and you do it well. Those of us who are just a line on the side of the age border stand askance and wonder what they can do. It is not enough to say to one's self that doing one's job and keeping one's chin up are enough. One cannot help but wonder about so many things one would wish to do right away in the midst of things and not just be a doctor in private practice.

I have been thinking of you frequently and I do hope that you will forgive my tardiness in answering your first letter and that you will write soon. I shall answer more promptly and more fully.

Warmest regards and best wishes.

Yours cordially,

IN REPLY PLEASE

Refer To __________

UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVER
MACEIÓ, BRAZIL

ested in your observations on these matters. For they represent to me more
important indices than planes produced or ships launched.

Remember me to the surgeon. And my best and kindest to
you, accompanied by the hope that you may find time occasionally for a note
to an old shipmate.

P.S. I have written to Mrs. Gary and told her of my pleasure in meeting you and of my hope that you two would have the reciprocal pleasure of meeting.

P.S.S. I understand that our friend Frazier is already out; a case study in the stupidity of bureaucracy and the veritas that lies in vino.

December 30, 1941

Mrs. Charles B. Gary,
Phillips Mill,
New Hope, Pennsylvania.

Dear Mrs. Gary:

I heard from your husband - a Christmas message written after we declared war. I am very happy to be able to keep in touch with him. Thank you for your note. I look forward to seeing you. Being a physician my time is not always my own. If you let me know a couple of days in advance when you plan to be in New York I shall arrange to keep some time open; you might then telephone to my office on the day of your arrival.

My best wishes to you for the coming year. We are all entering it with a considerable amount of sadness but without despair. We know that times are bleak and uncertain but we also know that the coming day is ours.

Yours sincerely,

December 9, 1941

Mrs. Charles Gary,
New Hope,
New Jersey.

Dear Mrs. Gary:

Ever since my return from Brazil a few weeks ago I have
been intending to write to you! Unfortunately, pressure of accumulated
work made it impossible for me to do so. You may have heard by this time
that your husband and I chanced to cross to Brazil on the same ship and
that we spent a great deal of time together. I saw him several times
during my stay in Rio de Janeiro and I heard from him after my return
home. It was a great pleasure to meet your husband; he spoke to me
a great deal about you and we found much that we had in common regarding
the present day world problems and the vicissitudes of our handling and
adapting ourselves to the conditions which have been created by the great
crisis. My book on the History of Medical Psychology was in press while
I was in Brazil. Your husband read some of the page proofs which I had
on board, and I told him that I would send you a copy of the book as
soon as it was out. I am expecting a few copies in a day or two and shall
then make good my promise. I shall also write to your husband very
shortly. Much has happened since we met on board the S. S. Brazil -
our country is at war now and we all have an enhanced sense of responsibility.
I was much impressed with the integrity and the idealism of your husband
and I am happy to be able to keep in touch with him while he is so far
away. If you don't consider me presumptious may I keep in touch with
you, too?

Yours sincerely,

December 9, 1941

Dear Mrs. Gary:

Ever since my return from Brazil a few weeks ago I have
been intending to write to you. Unfortunately, pressure of accumulated
work made it impossible for me to do so. You may have heard by this time
that your husband and I changed to cross to Brazil on the same ship and
that we spent a great deal of time together. I saw him several times
during my stay in Rio de Janeiro and I heard from him after my return
home. It was a great pleasure to meet your husband; he spoke to me
a great deal about you and we found much that we had in common regarding
the present day world problems and the vicissitudes of our handling and
adapting ourselves to the conditions which have been created by the great
crisis. My book on the History of Medical Psychology was in press while
I was in Brazil. Your husband read some of the page proofs which I had
on board, and I told him that I would send you a copy of the book as
soon as it was out. I am expecting a few copies in a day or two and shall
then make good my promise. I shall also write to your husband very
shortly. Much has happened since we met on board the S. S. Brazil -
our country is at war now and we all have an enhanced sense of responsibility.
I was much impressed with the integrity and the idealism of your husband
and I am happy to be able to keep in touch with him while he is so far
away. If you don't consider me presumptious may I keep in touch with
you, too?

Yours sincerely,

TELEPHONE MURRAY HILL 3-1077

ADELE POSTON
145 EAST 35TH STREET
NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK

May 30, 1941

My dear Doctor Zilboorg;

I want you to know that I am leaving for the Summer and expect to take a prolonged holiday next Fall. Miss Mary Reuter Gates, who recently became associated with me, will carry on the work in the Bureau and will maintain a residence for young women who are undergoing psychiatric treatment.

Miss Gates, a professional psychiatric case worker, received her training in the graduate school of Smith College and was engaged in social work for many years. Since 1938 she has been working privately in New York with individuals requiring social-psychiatric care. Miss Gates plans to accept not more than three persons in the apartment and is competent to receive patients who are under any sort of psychiatric regime including that of the psychoanalytic type.

Miss Gates would welcome an opportunity to see you to discuss the services of the placement Bureau or to go over with you the needs of any patient who requires residence with understanding yet impersonal companionship.

205 East 74th Street
New York, New York

25 April 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 E. 75th Street
New York, New York

My dear Dr. Zilboorg,

You may recall that you were kind enough to give me an interview in October 1939 following the termination of my work as psychiatric companion with a patient of Dr. John A.P. Millet. Since then, I have been engaged in a similar position which has now ended and I am writing to say that I would appreciate hearing from you should any need arise in your practice for the use of psychiatric case work service.

Since you may not have my earlier letter on file, I will add that I am a graduate of the Smith College School for Social Work, having had several years experience in social agency practice before entering the field of private work in 1938.

Hoping you may find it convenient to inform me of any present or future possibilities of serving you, I am,

December 31, 1941

Dr. R. Finley Gayle, Jr.,
Professional Buildings
Richmond, Virginia.

Dear Dr. Gayle:

I write to you in the hope that you will not consider me presumptuous if I make bold and offer suggestions to the Nominating Committee. While writing in my capacity as member of the rank and file of our Association, I cannot help but be aware that in my position as Chairman of the Committee on the History of Psychiatry I am under the influence of my desire to view certain matters from the standpoint of historical perspective. Our good friend J. K. Hall, when he appointed me chairman of that committee, conferred upon me an honor but also imposed a responsibility which I hope to discharge to the satisfaction of those who placed their faith in me. With this in mind, I feel I am not out of order if I write you to express my opinion as to who would be the best choice for the Presidency of our Association to succeed Arthur Ruggles after the meeting of 1943. I think of Dr. Samuel W. Hamilton, than whom we have few more loyal or more untiring workers for our Association. If he were nominated and elected, he would then preside over the Centenary meeting of 1944.

Some might think that a Philadelphian should properly grace the chair at that meeting. This might be an arguable point. But, first, the only Philadelphian who would represent the historical record of the Association, Dr. Earl D. Bond, is ineligible because he has already been President, and, second, Philadelphia will be and is honored on this occasion by having the Association meet there and commemorate the event. Dr. Hamilton is one of the few if not the only one who knows every nook and corner of psychiatry in our country. He made a number of surveys in all the states of the Union and is known personally to every head of every mental institution in this country; he knows them. Moreover, I know of very few people in our Association whose sense of conservative perspective and indivisible loyalty served for so many years without a tinge of selfishness or personal gain. If we are to consider geographical factors, we might bear in mind that his was service to all the States rather than to one state or one city. His very contribution to psychiatry is characteristic. He was not a contribution of articles, textbooks or circulars or by means of wide publicity, but that of hard work, methodical study and direction and humble but persistent discharge of his duty, and accomplishment of the task assigned to him. He never shirked a task merely because it happened to be small or inconspicuous.

Dr. Gayle - 2 -

Should the war be still on in 1944 we shall have in him a man who not only served in the armed forces in the first World War, but particularly a man who was a close collaborator of the late Thomas W. Salmon, the man who introduced Psychiatry in the United States army in the last war. Dr. Hamilton contributed a great deal to this pioneer work. Had Salmon lived he would have induced Dr. Hamilton without hesitation.

Should we be at peace in 1944 (and we are sure it will be a victorious peace) Dr. Hamilton is peculiarly fit to represent our Association at that moment. For as a man whose major activities were devoted to the work of reconstruction in our hospitals and mental hygiene after the last war he will, more than anyone I know, be able to represent the work of reconstruction which we will have to face and carry out.

I may add that Dr. Hamilton's leadership is of a nature not frequently seen in our turbulent times: he is not conspicuous - a true Christian spirit, doing his work with utmost humility and tireless devotion, helping others without waiting for a plea for help.

Please forgive this lengthy letter. I felt prompted to give full and considered expression to my feelings in the matter.

My warmest wishes for the coming year. Let it be victorious and just.

Yours cordially,

January 20

1941

Dr. Horace B. Levin,
32 East 64 Street,
New York City.

Dear Bert:

Your friend Todesche is a nice man. I
hope to be able to keep in touch with him.

I have been thinking for some time about
Ray Gosselin. He has been industrious and very good
on the quarterly and is doing the job with a great deal
of true devotion. When he first started, I suggested
that he be officially called Managing Editor, which he
declined at the time. But now that he is more sedate,
and married and seems to have libidinized the work on
the quarterly more than anything else, I have the feeling
that he would not reject the title if it were offered to
him. As a matter of fact, he might be pleased.

I have not talked to him about it - for I
first wanted to have your reaction.

Warmest regards,

September 9, 1941

Dear Dr. Gouven:

First, please excuse my writing in English. I have to dictate this letter.

I cannot tell you how much I enjoyed
meeting you last night and how much I look
forward to seeing you again in Rio.

The title for the Academy of Medicine
would be *La Médecine et la Psychiatrie*. As to
the title for the Academy of Letters, *L'Œuvre
et la Maladie de Marcel Proust*.

With kindest personal regards, I am

Yours cordially,

Dr. Jorge Gouven,
Barbizon-Plaza Hotel,
6th Avenue and 58th Street,
New York, N. Y.

Contract Date

9/7/41

SERVICE AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
Chas. J. Goyert & Co., Inc.

210 SOUTH LEXINGTON AVENUE
WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.

AND

User's Name: Dr. Gregory Zilboorg.
Address: Route 124, Poundridge, N. Y.

Expiration Date

9/6/42

Chas. J. Goyert & Co., Inc., hereinafter called the seller, agrees to render the above mentioned User a complete Inspection and Repair Service for a period of one year from date of this agreement to apply to one Model: G.E.
Burner and controls located at: Poundridge Road, Poundridge, N. Y., N. Y., and consists of the following: No. Street Town

1. Twenty-four hour emergency service, including Nights, Sundays and Holidays. Without Parts.

2. Complete Periodical Inspect approximately every 35 or 40 days.

3. Oil and grease all moving parts at time of each inspection.

This agreement does not cover damages caused by water, floods or anything beyond our control. Calls due to running out of oil, low water in boiler, or call not due to Burner operation.

This agreement becomes binding on Seller and User, only when approved by Seller.

In consideration of the foregoing, User agrees to pay the Seller the total sum of $25.00 payable $25.00 at the time of signing this agreement.

Witness: _________________________

Chas. J. Goyert & Co., Inc.

Date: 10/14/41

By: G. J. Goyert

Signed: Gregory Zilboorg, PHS

Address: 14 East 75th St.

Town: New York, N.Y.

For Service—Phone White Plains—Day W. P. 2726—Scars. 6156—Nights, Sundays and Holidays, W. P. 443

DUPLICATE

Contract Date

9/7/41

DUPLICATE

Expiration Date

9/6/42

SERVICE AGREEMENT
BETWEEN

Chas. J. Goyert & Co., Inc.

X21005600-KK08-MK08-XONKAVEN0EX 64 W. Post Rd.,

WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.

AND

User's Name ... Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,

Address... Route 124, Poundridge, N. Y.

Chas. J. Goyert & Co., Inc., hereinafter called the seller, agrees to render the above mentioned User a complete Inspection and Repair Service for a period of one year from date of this agreement to apply to one Model... G.E.
Burner and controls located at... Poundridge Road, Poundridge, N. Y., N. Y.,
and consists of the following:
No. Street Town

Without Parts

In consideration of the foregoing, User agrees to pay the Seller the total sum of $..25.00
payable $.25.00... at the time of signing this agreement.

Witness:

Chas. J. Goyert & Co., Inc

Date ... 10/4/41

By

Signed ... Gregory Zilboorg, P.H.T.

Address ... 14 East 75th St.,

Town ... New York, N. Y.

OIL BURNER SALES AND SERVICE

TORIDHEET OIL BURNERS

G E. BURNERS

DOMESTIC HOT WATER INSTALLATION

HEATING PLANT REPAIRS AND SERVICE

THRUSH HEATING EQUIPMENT

CHARLES J. GOYERT & CO., Inc.

2100 S. LOUIS AVENUE, SUITE 64 W. Post Rd.,

WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.

TELEPHONE WHITE PLAINS 443-2726
SCARSDALE 6156

COLD ROOMS ELIMINATED

AUTHORIZED SALES & SERVICE

Nov. 8, 1941.

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75th St.,
New York City.

Attention: Miss P.H.Turkel

Dear Miss Turkel:

We are in receipt of your letter of the 7th
instant in which you advise that Dr. Zilboorg did not re-
ceive his copy of service contract. We are, therefore,
enclosing herewith a duplicate copy.

CJG/LK

CHARLES J. GOYERT & CO., Inc.

200 S. LOUIS AVENUE, SUITE 64 W. Post Rd.,

WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.

COLD ROOMS ELIMINATED

AUTHORIZED SALES & SERVICE

Oct. 18, 1941.

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75th St.,
New York, N. Y.

Dear Dr. Zilboorg;

In reply to your recent communication, we
find that under date of Oct. 3rd we returned your signed
duplicate service contract to the above address. If you
find that you have not received same, we shall be glad
to mail you another copy.

CHAS. J. GOYERT & CO., INC.

MLM/LK

CHARLES J. GOYERT & CO., Inc.

210 SO. LEXINGTON AVENUE

WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.

COLD ROOMS ELIMINATED

AUTHORIZED SALES & SERVICE

Sept. 15th, 1941.

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
Route 124, Poundridge Rd.,
Poundridge, N. Y.

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

Enclosed you will find renewal of your
past year's service agreement which has expired.

We trust that you will give this agree-
ment your prompt attention so that in the event of an
emergency call it will be covered by contract, and also
to assure the continued periodical inspection.

We are sorry that we were a few days de-
layed in sending your renewal, and we thank you for having
called us when in need of service.

Very truly yours,

CHAS. J. GOYERT, & CO., Inc.

MLM/LK

May 27, 1941.

Charles J. Goyert and Co., Inc.
210 So. Lexington Avenue,
White Plains, N. Y.

Attention: Mr. M. L. Murrin

Gentlemen:

I have your letter of the 23rd reporting
the fact that the primary control on my General
Electric burner must be replaced by a new one at
the price of $49.00.

Please proceed with this replacement at
your earliest convenience.

Yours sincerely,

FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY

WASHINGTON

OFFICE OF
THE ADMINISTRATOR

June 7, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75th Street,
New York, New York

Dear Doctor Zilboorg:

Mr. Charles P. Taft has informed me that there is some
likelihood of your accepting the invitation for attendance at the
meeting of the Social Protection Advisory Committee, June 14th,
9:00 AM, Room 5242, New Social Security Building.

If you are able to attend, the following three United States
Government Transportation Requests are enclosed for your convenience:
SA-6,023; 6,024; and 6,025. For travel by rail one transportation
request should be used in securing a first-class round-trip railroad
ticket from New York to Washington, one request for Pullman accommo-
dations from New York to Washington, and one request for Pullman
accommodations from Washington to New York.

The transportation requests must be made out in duplicate,
the green being the original and the white copy the carbon. The
green original should be given to the ticket agent instead of cash
in exchange for rail and Pullman accommodations. The type of Pullman
accommodation used should be indicated in the upper right-hand box,
and the cost should be placed in the "Value" box of the carbon.

When your trip has been completed, send the carbon copies
of the transportation requests, together with a statement showing
the dates and actual times of departure and arrival, to this office
where the proper forms for reimbursement will be prepared.

You will be allowed $10.00 a day while away from your
official station, New York, New York.

If you are unable to attend this meeting the transportation
requests should be promptly returned to this office.

Enclosures 3

April 11, 1941.

Dr. Roy R. Grinker,
30 North Michigan Avenue,
Chicago, Illinois.

Dear Roy,

Thank you for your note. When you spoke to me about the book, "Principles of Abnormal Psychology", I forgot that I had seen it. I did not identify it with the name of the first author. The second, Mittleman, is rather suspicious as regards the sufficient variety of his views on psychoanalysis. Brown's book must be good.

About the symposium on various cures in the American Medical Association - will you let me know when it is to take place? It is no difficulty to call these people dishonest without calling them liars by reciting a few of the so-called cures of the past. You may know a book called the "Mentally Ill in America" by Albert Deutsch. You might find in this book a couple of very poignant references to the time when the young state institutions in America were very eager to prove to the public that it is worthwhile to send the mentally sick to proper institutions and that the attitude that mentally sick cases are incurable was detrimental to the future of the patients. In order to prove their pointing the physicians in these institutions presented every year rather striking statistics, and, as I recall, the annual reports of these institutions vied with one another in the business of ourability. In some annual reports of those days you find as many as ninety-five per cent cures, and one, I think, reached the maximum of a hundred. I am sure he would have gone even above this figure if he dared but he drew the line at one hundred per cent cures. Too, you might not be unwise in recalling the marvelous cures that were produced by bleeding patients. They bled them in Rome and they bled them in Alexandria, but when Harvey discovered the circulation of blood they saw so much more reason for bleeding that they bled them literally to death. The name of the man in Paris was Bousquillon, and a slang verb was invented for the atrocity, and that word was "Bousquilloner".

These are a few of the details, factual in nature, that one might "recall" when discussing Dr. Freeman's propensity for cracking people's skulls, and one might express "wonder" with the traditional scientific skepticism. There are a great many other facts in the story of medicine which are more telling but I would have to look them up.

No, I have not forgotten the price, and I'll pay it.

Yours,

ROY R. GRINKER, M. D.

THIRTY NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE
CHICAGO

April 8, 1941

Dear Gregory:

The two books I spoke of are *Maslow and Mittelmann* "Principles of Abnormal Psychology", Harper and Bro., N.Y. 1941 and J. F. Brown "The Psychodynamics of Abnormal Behaviour", McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1940. The book by Sherrington is entitled "Man on His Nature" published by Macmillan. Remember my promised reward!

It may interest you that I have to take part in a symposium at the A.M.A. meeting on the subject of frontal lobotomy for mental disorders with Walter Freeman, Lyerly and others. I wish I had your capacity for telling those who talk of their "cures" that they are dishonest without calling them liars.

We enjoyed your papers here very much and wish we could have more of them.

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 East 75th Street
New York, New York

February 7

1941

Dr. Martin Grotjahn,
Institute for Psychoanalysis,
43 East Ohio Street,
Chicago, Illinois.

Dear Dr. Grotjahn:

Thank you very much for your kind letter. I look forward to seeing you and the rest of our colleagues on April 5. In regard to the paper to be presented to the meeting of the Society, I shall give you the title now. It is to be "The Sense of Reality".

I am not quite certain about the seminar to be given at noon, and would appreciate it if you will let me know whether you have any preference.

I note your kind offer to pay my expenses for the trip and appreciate it. I shall arrive in Chicago, April 5 in the morning and shall leave the next day (Sunday) in the afternoon.

Yours sincerely,

March 11

1941

Dr.irt C. Groom,
Acting Superintendent,
Hudson River State Hospital,
Poughkeepsie, New York.

Dear Dr. Groom:

Regarding your enquiry about Mr. Anderson
I have comparatively little information about him.

He is a periodic drinker of many years'
standing. During a previous bout - two months before the
one that brought him to Hudson River State Hospital - he ex-
pressed suicidal ideas and went a great deal. His productions
were not many; he was very aggressive, calling all his superiors
and friends liars and cursing them. He is divorced; has a
daughter of 19 who is supposed to have Tuberculosis (I do not know
what kind, probably pulmonary). He lives with his 72 year old
mother and two older sisters. As you know, he is 46.

He is a self-made man without education (only
grade school. He reached the sixth or seventh grade I believe),
and through his extreme talent for understanding the bond market
he reached the position of one of the Vice-Presidents of the Chase
National Bank. He is very insecure and secretive about himself -
always consciously feeling inferior to his associates whose manners
are more polished and social station higher.

I hope this scant information is of some use to
you.

Yours sincerely,

THE GROUP WELCOMES YOU TO ITS 21st SEASON

Notices mailed every two weeks. Keep this notice for reference.

SUNDAY EVENING GROUP

DURYEA STUDIO - Studio 218

HOTEL ANSONIA—Broadway & 73rd St.

Sunday Evening, December 14th, at 8:30 P. M.

J. GEORGE FREDERICK

(Author of: 'What Is Your Emotional Age?':
Pres. of 'Writers Club'.) will speak on:

"The Psychology of Courtship"

Social Hour DANCING Refreshments

Sunday Evening, December 21st, at 8:30 P. M.

LOUIS SACK

(Noted Playwright, Hollywood Scenarist and Lecturer.)
will speak on:

"The Conflict Between Stage and Screen"

"Let Us Not Allow The Tradition of Free Minds To Perish"

THE GROUP FORUM

Organized 1919

Col. M. Simmons, Chairman of Executive Comm.

Meets Every Tuesday at:

HOTEL PETER STUYVESANT—2 West 86th St.

Tuesday Evening, December 16th, at 8:30 P. M.

GENERAL VICTOR A. YAKHONTOFF

(Former Russian Military Attache to the Japanese Govt.
Outstanding Authority on the Far East.)

will speak on:

"The War in the Pacific and the Far East"

UNITED STATES—JAPAN—CHINA—SOVIET UNION

Tuesday Evening, December 23rd, at 8:30 P. M.

DR. GREGORY ZILBOORG

(One of America's Outstanding Psychiatrists. Author of:
'A History of Medical Psychology'.) will speak on:

"How Men Fight — A Psychological Approach"

ATTEND 45 LECTURES FOR $5. BY SUBSCRIPTION.

Admission to non-members 50c

PLEASE HAND THIS NOTICE TO A FRIEND

Among the Speakers
Who Have Appeared Before
The Group

Clarence Darrow
Dr. Alfred Adler
John Cowper Powys
Floyd Dell
Theodore Dreiser
Prof. Harry A. Overstreet
Norman Thomas
Heywood Broun
Senator Robert M. LaFollette, Jr.
Oswald Garrison Villard
Dr. A. A. Brill
Samuel D. Schmalhausen
Konrad Bercovici
Arthur Garfield Hoys
Leslie Howard
Dr. Ch'ao-Ting Chi
Harry Elmer Barnes
Ambassador James W. Gerard
Prof. Scott Nearing
Dr. Fritz Wittels
Emil Lengyel
Dr. Louis Berman
Roger N. Baldwin
Willy Pogany
Judges Charles Solomon
Judge Ben Lindsey
Prof. David S. Muzey
Dr. John Haynes Holmes
Prof. H. W. Longfellow Dana
Alfred Kreyemborg
Gilbert Seldes
Johannes Steel
General William C. Rivers
Prof. E. C. Lindeman
Basil Rathbone
Ambassador Norman Hapgood
Channing Pollock
Margaret Sanger
Jay Allen
Judge Anna M. Kross
Alfred Bingham
Paul Muni
George Backer
Prof. Adolph P. Link
Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr
Prof. Charles Gray Shaw
Morris L. Ernst
George Gordon Battle
Count Leo Tolstói, Jr.
Dr. John Howland Lathrop
Prof. Joseph Jastrow
Judge Jonah J. Goldstein
Dr. Olga Knopf
Major George Fielding Eliot
Hendrick W. Van Loon
Judge Morris Rothenberg
Dr. Hannah M. Stone
Francis Lederer
Dr. Ira S. Wile
Everett Dean Martin
Dr. Frankwood Williams
Judge Jacob Panken
John Howard Lawson
Howard Scott
Anita Block
Elmer Rice
Dr. Sandor Lorand
Maurice Hindus
Col. M. Simmons
Ludwig Lore
V. F. Calverton
Dr. Smith Ely Jelliffe

TO THE GROUP: "......
at last a civilized club, they tell
me, prodigious."

GEORGE BERNARD SHAW

SEYMOUR A. SELIGSON, Chairman
OFFICE, 285 MADISON AVENUE, N.Y.C.
TELEPHONE CALEDONIA 5-8947

COL. M. SIMMONS
CHAIRMAN OF
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

"Let us Not Allow the Tradition of Free Minds to Perish"

The Group
A Clearing House of Opinion
Organized 1919

December 20th.1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75th. St.
New York City.

My dear Dr. Zilboorg;

These few lines are in the
nature of a reminder that you are scheduled
to speak at THE GROUP FORUM, this Tuesday evening,
December 23rd. at the HOTEL PETER STUYVESANT,
Central Park West .cor. 86th.St., on the subject
of:HOW MEN FIGHT.

Although the enclosed notice reads
8:30 P.M. we as a matter of fact will not start
our meeting until, 9 P.M. so that if you arrive
at 9 P.M. it will be quite satisfactory, since
should not like to have you waste any time,
waiting for the lecture to start.

Forty five minutes is allotted for
the talk of the evening, with a fifteen minute
question period.

It was most generous of you to have
accepted our invitation, and I can offer you
every assurance of an appreciative audience.

GEORGE BERNARD SHAW, writes, in a letter to THE GROUP
"... AT LAST A CIVILIZED CLUB, THEY TELL ME, PRODIGIOUS".

Signed—George Bernard Shaw.

Organized 1919

Clarence Darrow
Dr. Alfred Adler
John Cowper Powys
Floyd Dell
Theodore Dreiser
Prof. Harry A. Overstreet
Heywood Broun
Judge Jonah J. Goldstein
Senator Robert M. LaFollette, Jr.
Dr. A. A. Brill
Konrad Bercovici
Arthur Garfield Hays
Leslie Howard
Rev. William C. Kernan
Major George Fielding Elliot
Gen. Victor A. Yakhontoff
Harry Elmer Barnes
Prof. Scott Nearing
Dr. Fritz Wittels
Emil Lengyel
Roger N. Baldwin
Prof. George S. Counts
Judge Ben Lindsey
Judge Bernard Botein
Robert F. Wagner, Jr.
Prof. H. W. Longfellow Dana
George Gordon Battle
George Backer
Alfred Kreymberg
Gilbert Seldes
Basil Rathbone
Margaret Sanger
Paul Muni
Morris L. Ernst
Count Leo Tolstoy, Jr.
Judge Charles Solomon
Prof. Joseph Jastrow
Gen. William C. Rivers
Dr. Harry T. Gideonse
Ambassador James W. Gerard
Hendrick W. Van Loon
Dr. Hannah M. Stone
Francis Lederer
Dr. Ira S. Wile
Dr. Frankwood Williams
Elmer Rice
Maurice Hindus
Ludwig Lore
J. George Frederick
Dr. Smith Ely Jelliffe
Jay Allen
Ambassador Norman Hopgood
Freda Kirchwey
Louis Fischer
Judge Dorothy Kenyon
Prof. David S. Muzzey
Judge Morris Rothenberg
Johannes Steel

SUNDAY EVENING GROUP

Meets Every Sunday Evening at:
DURYEA STUDIO - Studio 218

LOUIS SACK

will speak on:

THE GROUP FORUM

Seymour A. Seligson, Chairman
Col. M. Simmons, Chairman of Executive Comm.

Meets Every Tuesday at:

GENERAL VICTOR A. YAKHONTOFF

will speak on:

DR. GREGORY ZILBOORG

Read: "The Second Treasury of The World's Great Letters" Edited by Wallace Brockway & Bart Keith Winer

See: "The Land Is Bright" at Music Box 45 St. W. of B'way. "It Happens on Ice" at Center Thea. Rockefeller Center.

Late War Bulletins will be Announced at Meetings.

THE GROUP, 285 Madison Ave., N. Y. C.
Please place my name on your mailing list for lecture notices.
Name
Address
City

City

Clarence Darrow
Dr. Alfred Adler
John Cowper Powys
Floyd Dell
Theodore Dreiser
Prof. Harry A. Overstreet
Norman Thomas
Heywood Broun
Senator Robert M. LaFollette, Jr.
Oswald Garrison Villard
Dr. A. A. Brill
Samuel D. Schmalhausen
Konrad Bercovici
Arthur Garfield Hays
Leslie Howard
Dr. Ch'ao-Ting Chi
Harry Elmer Barnes
Ambassador James W. Gerard
Prof. Scott Nearing
Dr. Fritz Wittels
Emil Lengyel
Dr. Louis Berman
Roger N. Baldwin
Willy Pogany
Judges Charles Solomon
Judge Ben Lindsey
Prof. David S. Muzney
Dr. John Haynes Holmes
Prof. H. W. Longfellow Dana
Alfred Kreyemborg
Gilbert Seldes
Johannes Steel
General William C. Rivers
Prof. E. C. Lindeman
Basil Rathbone
Ambassador Norman Hapgood
Channing Pollock
Margaret Sanger
Jay Allen
Judge Anna M. Kross
Alfred Bingham
Paul Muni
George Backer
Prof. Adolph P. Link
Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr
Prof. Charles Gray Shaw
Morris L. Ernst
George Gordon Battle
Count Leo Tolstói, Jr.
Dr. John Howland Lathrop
Prof. Joseph Jastrow
Judge Jonah J. Goldstein
Dr. Olga Knopf
Major George Fielding Eliot
Hendrick W. Van Loon
Judge Morris Rothenberg
Dr. Hannah M. Stone
Francis Lederer
Dr. Ire S. Wile
Everett Dean Martin
Dr. Frankwood Williams
Judge Jacob Penken
John Howard Lawson
Howard Scott
Anita Block
Elmer Rice
Dr. Sendor Lorand
Maurice Hindus
Col. M. Simmons
Ludwig Lore
V. F. Calverton
Dr. Smith Ely Jelliffe

TO THE GROUP: "......
at last a civilized club, they tell
me, progidious."

GEORGE BERNARD SHAW

SEYMOUR A. SELIGSON, Chairman
OFFICE, 283 MADISON AVENUE, N.Y.C.
TELEPHONE CALEDONIA 5-8947

December 4, 1941

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 E. 75 St.
New York City

My dear Dr. Zilboorg:

I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to
express my appreciation for your most admirable
book; "A History of Medical Psychology".

You will note by the enclosed circular notice
mailed to our members that I have recommended this
book to our membership.

I am taking the liberty of writing with the hope
that we may have the privilege and honor of welcoming
as a guest speaker at The Group Forum.

The Group Forum has met regularly for the last
twenty years, and has as a slogan on its masthead,
"Let Us Not Allow the Tradition of Free Minds to
Perish". I know that you will agree with us that
organizations such as the Group play a role of some
value in defending the "citadels of democracy" in
these trying days.

We have had the pleasure of welcoming among our
distinguished speakers some outstanding colleagues
in your field as Doctor A. A. Brill, Fritz Wittels
and other distinguished people.

The Group Forum meets every Tuesday evening at
the Hotel Peter Stuyvesant, Central Park West and
86th Street. We have an average audience of about
three hundred. The meeting starts at 9p.m. Forty-
five minutes is allotted for the talk of the evening
with a fifteen minute question period. You can
of course decide on the subject of your talk.

Our first open date is on Tuesday evening,
December 16 or any Tuesday evening after that date.
I can offer you every assurance of a grateful and
appreciative audience.

Seymour A. Seligson

Chairman

SAS:FC

GROUP HEALTH COOPERATIVE, INC.

1790 BROADWAY

NEW YORK, N. Y.

Circle 5-7417

PRESIDENT
Charles A. Marlies

MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD

Kingsley Roberts, M.D.
Chairman

Dana W. Atchley, M.D.

Frederic W. Bancroft, M.D.

Frederic H. Bartlett, M.D.

Ernst P. Boas, M.D.

Russell L. Cecil, M.D.

Leo M. Davidoff, M.D.

Robert L. Dickinson, M.D.

H. Rawle Geyelin, M.D.

William S. Ladd, M.D.

Reuben Ottenberg, M.D.

Tracy J. Putnam, M.D.

Dickinson W. Richards, Jr., M.D.

Henry B. Richardson, M.D.

Oscar M. Schloss, M.D.

Frances E. Shields, M.D.

Philip M. Stimson, M.D.

James P. Warbasse, M.D.

I. Ogden Woodruff, M.D.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Winslow Carlton

REGISTRAR
Helen Hershfield

November 17, 1941

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

In accordance with the action of the Medical Advisory Board at its last meeting, I am enclosing herewith two copies of the agreement covering your participation in the Group Health Cooperative plan as a specialist in the field of psychiatry.

Would you fill out, sign and return both copies as soon as possible? Will you also initial the typed insert in paragraph 1 (b) of the agreement? This refers to the area in which you will treat your patients in the event of emergency.

We are not at this time enclosing "Schedule A" (referred to in paragraph 5 of the agreement) which sets forth the maximum fees under the agreement. As explained in the descriptive pamphlet which was sent you some time ago, specialists' fees under the plan are based on Workmen's Compensation rates but, as you know, the Workmen's Compensation schedule is not complete. The Medical Advisory Board and the Board of Directors at their next meetings will pass upon the complete schedules for all specialties, and we shall send you a copy for your signature immediately thereafter.

In the meantime, will you fill out, sign and return the two copies of the agreement as soon as you conveniently can do so?

encs.
KR:kvc
508a-11-41

303

July 10, 1941

Mr. Winslow Carlton,
Executive Director,
Group Health Cooperative, Inc.,
1790 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Dear Mr. Carlton:

Dr. Zilboerg has asked me to send to
you the enclosed application blank for the
Group Health Cooperative which he has filled
out and signed.

"I hereby apply to serve subscribers to the Group Health Cooperative Plan as: SPECIALIST Psychiatry June 27th, 1941" plus information as to degrees etc.

1790 BROADWAY

NEW YORK, N. Y.

Circle 5-7417

PRESIDENT
Charles A. Marlies

June 17, 1941

MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD

REGISTRAR
Helen Hershfield

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

As Dr. Geyelin told you, the Medical Board was to have held a meeting last week, but so many of the members were prevented at the last minute from coming, that it had to be postponed.

When the meeting is held, you will, of course, be appointed a consultant in psychiatry, but would you be good enough to complete the formalities by filling out the application blank?

Thank you.

WC/t

53

June 16, 1941.

Mr. Winslow Carlton,
Executive Director, Group Health Cooperative,
1790 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Dear Mr. Carlton:

Dr. Geylin talked to me on the telephone last Friday and while I may have misunderstood him I got the impression that you were having a meeting that afternoon in which I was to be appointed consultant in psychiatry. Under the circumstances I do not know whether you still want me to fill out the application blank or not. Please let me know.

Yours sincerely,

1790 BROADWAY

NEW YORK, N. Y.

Circle 5-7417

May 26, 1941

PRESIDENT
Charles A. Marlies

MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

I do not know how it happened that I failed to write you about the Group Health plan and ask you to participate. It was many months ago that Dr. Geyelin suggested that I write you, and I have evidently taken the intention for the act.

I hope now that you will consent to serve as a consultant in psychiatry. If so, would you be good enough to fill out the formal application blank, a copy of which is enclosed.

You will see from the pamphlet describing the plan that psychotherapy is not covered, for the reason that we were unable to find enough data on the incidence of psychoses according to modern definitions. We do, however, cover the cost of consultation with psychiatrists to determine the existence of a psychosis, and we hope to make informal arrangements with some of the younger psychiatrists who can afford to do so, to treat our subscribers at moderate fees, since the income limitations put our subscribers within the middle to lower income groups. I have talked with Dr. Warburg about this at length, and Dr. Geyelin has undertaken to handle the matter for the Medical Advisory Board.

The Group Health plan is the result of some three years of preparatory work, but it is only within the last six weeks that we have taken it to the public. Even in that short time, there are indications that the plan will be accepted by the public, provided that the cost of reaching prospective subscribers is adequately underwritten. We estimate that it will cost $40,000 to do the job.

In this connection, Mr. Walter E. Beer, Jr., of our counsel, Simpson Thacher and Bartlett, has been in touch with Mr. Louis Weiss, through whom we recently

REGISTRAR
Helen Hershfield

393

-2-

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg

May 26, 1941

filed an application with the Field Foundation. Mr. Field personally gave us $1,000 last Fall in response to a request from Dr. Geyelin, and Mr. Weiss has expressed interest in the plan.

There are, however, a number of organizations starting up in the voluntary health insurance field, and it is difficult for those who are not rather closely in touch with the medical economic situation to judge between them. Some of these plans are fundamentally mutually exclusive, while others are mutually complementary or supplementary. For example, there is no real conflict between our plan and Dr. Goldwater's proposal for a ward service plan which would provide medical and surgical care and hospital accommodation in the ward for families of low income. Our plan, at $18 a year per person, is scaled to a materially higher income -- in fact, to the kind of people who have subscribed to the present Hospital Plan and who ordinarily expect to pay moderate fees for professional services.

There is, however, a difference in principle between our plan and Dr. Goldwater's. We are endeavoring to create an environment in which physicians can function more effectively than at present as agents of prevention. This involves some rather fundamental changes in the attitude of both the laity and the profession, and we cannot expect that change to take place rapidly. Our program calls for slow growth, but we feel that once the value of the service has been demonstrated for thirty or forty thousand people, it will thereafter grow at an increasingly rapid rate.

If there is anything about the plan which you would like to discuss, I should be glad to come to see you any time at your convenience.

WC/t
Enc.

June 26, 1941

Mr. Marshall Field
250 Park Avenue
New York, New York

Dear Mr. Field:

Group Health Cooperative finds itself in a very serious financial situation because our requests for assistance from several Foundations were either refused or decision was postponed until the Fall. The prospects of getting substantial capital in the Fall seem good because two Foundations have expressed great interest in our program, and because -- if we can finance the intervening period -- the practical validity of the plan will be even more apparent than it is now.

We feel, and I think with reason, that our initial drive for subscribers has already indicated that the plan can succeed. Your donation last Summer, added to those of other friends of the organization, made it possible for us to set up the plan and now our enrollment campaign, begun six weeks ago, has gathered momentum and is bringing in subscribers at the rate of about a hundred a week. But our present funds give out on July first. We cannot maintain our sales force or retain our office after that date unless a minimum of $6,500 can be secured to see us through September, by which time the two Foundations that now seem favorably disposed will have acted.

As of today, $5,200 has been pledged, contingent upon our securing the remaining $1,300. Pledges of $500 each have been made by Mrs. David Levy, Mrs. Alfred A. Cook, Edward A. Norman, James Sachs, and Edward Warburg; Sherman Pratt, who contributed $200 last Fall has pledged an additional $300, and $2,000 has been contributed by an anonymous giver who has had no previous connection with our organization.

I have hesitated to write you this letter, but the interest you expressed at our meeting last Summer emboldened me to bring our current situation to your personal attention. What was true then still holds:

-2-

Mr. Marshall Field

June 26, 1941

Group Health Cooperative is the only consumer-controlled, periodic payment plan offering complete medical service, preventive as well as remedial. It in no way duplicates the plan of Community Medical Service, which is designed for a lower income group and covers only catastrophic, hospitalized illness.

I very much hope that you will feel able to help us over
this hurdle. If there are any details on which you want infor-
mation, I am at your disposal.

WC/mh

## FOREWORD

"The prosperity and happiness of a people are largely dependent upon mental and physical vigor. Ill health and its effects are recognized widely as one of the major causes of dependency and unemployment. The most pressing health problem is to devise a permanent and comprehensive program of conserving health and treating illness and disability which will become an essential part of the cooperative endeavor known as civilization.

"There is general agreement that the greatest health problem in the country at the moment is that of securing an adequate distribution of modern medical services to the entire population at a reasonable cost to the individual and the community. It is clear that present-day knowledge of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease is far in advance of its application to the needs. This lag is not the fault of the medical profession, but is a characteristic social phenomenon . . . accentuated now because of the rapidity with which knowledge has grown in recent years."

THE COMMISSION ON MEDICAL EDUCATION—FINAL REPORT

## MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD

KINGSLEY ROBERTS, M.D., Chairman

DANA W. ATCHLEY, M.D.

FREDERIC W. BANCROFT, M.D.

FREDERIC H. BARTLETT, M.D.

ERNST P. BOAS, M.D.

RUSSELL L. CECIL, M.D.

LEO M. DAVIDOFF, M.D.

ROBERT L. DICKINSON, M.D.

H. RAWLE GEYELIN, M.D.

WILLIAM S. LADD, M.D.

REUBEN OTTENBERG, M.D.

TRACY J. PUTNAM, M.D.

DICKINSON W. RICHARDS, JR., M.D.

HENRY B. RICHARDSON, M.D.

OSCAR M. SCHLOSS, M.D.

FRANCES E. SHIELDS, M.D.

PHILIP M. STIMSON, M.D.

JAMES P. WARBASSE, M.D.

I. OGDEN WOODRUFF, M.D.

# GROUP HEALTH
## COOPERATIVE
### INCORPORATED

A Voluntary, Non-profit
HEALTH INSURANCE PLAN

operating under the supervision of the New York State Insurance Department pursuant to Article IX-C of the Insurance Law.

1790 Broadway
New York, N. Y.

# CONTENTS

I. PURPOSE

II. WHAT THE PLAN COVERS
Limitations to Coverage

III. GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE

IV. WHO IS ELIGIBLE TO SUBSCRIBE

V. WHAT IT COSTS THE SUBSCRIBER
Annual Premium
Surcharges

VI. A NON-PROFIT PLAN

VII. ARRANGEMENTS WITH PHYSICIANS
Medical Advisory Board
General Physicians
Specialists
Practice under the Plan
Uniform Records

VIII. PHYSICIANS' FEES AND ESTIMATED INCOME
General Physicians
Specialists
Specialist Fund
Obstetrics Fund
Laboratory Service
Legal Reserves and Administrative Expense

IX. SAFEGUARDS TO SOUNDNESS OF THE PLAN

I. PURPOSE—To insure to people in moderate circumstances the full benefits of modern medical service at a reasonable annual cost known to them in advance. The primary emphasis is on PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.

Every practicing physician is familiar with the type of patient who is too proud to patronize free clinics, yet who too often postpones seeking medical advice until his condition is far advanced, because he fears the high cost of the specialist's services and dreads the thought of going into debt.

The Group Health Plan is designed to insure to its subscribers the benefits of the family physician relationship which is fast becoming a lost art in big cities. At the same time it assures the physicians on its panel adequate recompense and freedom from collection worries. All provisions of the Plan have been approved by, and all jurisdiction in professional matters rests with, a Medical Advisory Board. Both the fee charged the subscriber and the fees paid to the physicians are based on conservative expectancies, and are carefully safeguarded by certain controls which will be described in later sections.

## II. WHAT THE PLAN COVERS—"A large proportion of disease, disability, and economic loss from illness are known to be preventable. Sound health advice, periodic medical examinations, proper direction of the mental and physical development of children, adequate prenatal care, and the early recognition and treatment of minor complaints and the beginnings of disease by competent physicians need only be mentioned to suggest the great contributions which proper medical services can make to national economy and happiness."

—THE COMMISSION ON MEDICAL EDUCATION, Final Report

The Group Health Plan is designed to provide for its subscribers all the above described medical services, at home, at

3

the doctor's office, or at the hospital, together with whatever
surgical, obstetrical, and other specialists' services may be
required, including x-ray and laboratory procedures neces-
sary for diagnosis. The amount of service which may be pro-
vided for any condition covered by the Plan is unlimited; no
"maximum benefits" are stipulated.

GENERAL MEDICAL CARE, including measures for health protec-
tion and prevention of disease, initial qualifying physical
examination and subsequent periodic medical examina-
tions, falls within the province of the general physician
chosen by the subscriber from the panel to serve as his
personal or family physician. For the children in the sub-
scriber's family, general medical care may be obtained
from pediatricians.

SPECIALISTS in every branch of medicine will be available to
subscribers. X-rays for diagnosis and therapy are in-
cluded. When to call in a particular specialist for consul-
tation and treatment is left to the judgment of the general
physician or pediatrician familiar with the general health
picture of the patient.

SURGICAL OPERATIONS are performed, and subsequent treatments
given, by surgeons whose special field is involved.

MATERNITY CARE, including delivery, prenatal and postpartum
care, in the home and in the hospital as well as in the
office, is given by qualified obstetricians. There is a "wait-
ing period" before maternity services become available.
(See Limitations below.)

LABORATORY PROCEDURES necessary for diagnosis are contracted
for by Group Health Cooperative with licensed borough
laboratories operating under the supervision of the City
Health Department.

4.

LIMITATIONS TO COVERAGE.—Not covered under the Plan
are conditions already existing at the time the subscriber en-
rolls, usually to be determined by the initial physical examina-
tion and medical history. Maternity cases are covered only if
the expected date of birth falls at least 20 months after both
parents have been enrolled in the Plan.

Not covered are mental or nervous illnesses requiring treat-
ment by a specialist in psychiatry, drug addiction, chronic
alcoholism, routine eye refractions, cases covered by Work-
men's Compensation insurance, conditions requiring treatment
in an asylum, sanatorium, or for which in the interests of pub-
lic health the law provides isolation care in a public institution.

### III. GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE
During its initial stages, Group Health Cooperative offers medical coverage only in the Greater New York area. Later, it is planned to extend the Plan to the neighboring counties of the state in which its charter also authorizes operation.

### IV. WHO IS ELIGIBLE TO SUBSCRIBE
The Plan is open to all persons under 60 years of age, whose incomes do not exceed

$2,000 a year for a single person without dependents.

$3,000 a year for a married couple, or a person with one
dependent.

A $300 allowance is added for each additional depend-
ent, making

$3,300 a year for a family of three persons.

$3,600 a year for a family of four persons.

A married woman may enroll only if her husband also sub-
scribes. Babies "born into the Plan," that is, those whose moth-

• 5

ers have received maternity care under the Plan, may be en-
rolled at birth. All other children must be at least one year of
age to be eligible for coverage. The maximum age limitation
does not apply to subscribers who have enrolled prior to their
60th birthday.

The income limitations were set after consultation with a
representative body of physicians, in keeping with Group
Health's efforts to fit its Plan into the existing structure of
Medicine.

V. WHAT IT COSTS THE SUBSCRIBER—Group Health Plan has been designed with the utmost care to avoid the fundamental error of underpaying the physicians participating. Medical plans which set fees inadequate to compensate for the best quality of professional service, the Medical Advisory Board has noted, suffer gradual deterioration as physicians discover that they cannot make a decent living under the Plan.

ANNUAL PREMIUM

Subscribers to Group Health Plan, when enrolled as mem-
bers of groups not primarily organized for the purpose of
securing health insurance, pay $1.50 a month, or $4.50 a quar-
ter, for each person covered. The group concerned, which may
be fellow employees, or a labor union, benefit society, credit
union, a church or co-operative, assumes the responsibility for
collecting the premiums for Group Health.

Subscribers who enroll individually are charged $6.00 a
quarter for the first member of the family, and $4.50 quarterly
for each dependent enrolled.

If payment is made on an annual basis, a saving of $1 is
effected by either class of subscriber. A member of an enrolled
group is charged $17.00 on the annual basis; an individual
subscriber $23.00 for himself, and $17.00 for each dependent.

6 ·

There is no separate "enrollment" fee. The initial quarterly premium covers the cost of the qualifying physical examination and a report on the physician's findings as well as the first three months' service for accepted applicants. Applicants rejected because of the state of their health, or those who decide not to subscribe after the initial examination, make only this initial payment.

SURCHARGES—The premiums enumerated above assure the subscriber all medical services detailed under What the Plan Covers except that the following surcharges are made for special services, in order to safeguard the Plan from abuse:

For the first call in any illness, if made in the home, a charge of one dollar.

For diagnostic x-rays (but not for x-ray therapy or for diagnos-
tic x-rays connected with the initial physical examina-
tion), a surcharge equal to about a third of the fee, in the
Workmen's Compensation Schedule, in no case, how-
ever, to exceed $10.00 in any one year.

For maternity service, including full prenatal and postpartum
care by an obstetrician, a surcharge of $25.00.

The Plan does not cover drugs, surgical dressings, and ap-
pliances, but if they are furnished to the subscriber by a par-
ticipating physician, he is to charge no more than cost.

VI. A NON-PROFIT PLAN—In legal structure, Group Health Cooperative is a non-profit corporation chartered under Article 7 of the New York Cooperative Corporations Law. Both subscribers and participating physicians are eligible to membership, and are urged, but not required, to join. Membership is open to anyone subscribing to at least one membership share of stock at par value, ten dollars. By this means it

• 7

is hoped a capital fund will be built up to provide for stability and expansion.

Ultimate control, except in matters of professional policy, rests with the members, each of whom has one vote in the election of directors, on resolutions concerning general policy, and on amendments to the by-laws. Between membership meetings, management is in the hands of the Board of Directors on which several physicians serve. Wherever the operation of the Plan touches upon professional matters, jurisdiction rests with the Medical Advisory Board, reference to whose specific powers and responsibilities will be found in the following section.

## VII. ARRANGEMENTS WITH PHYSICIANS—

**MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD**—The Board is composed exclusively of physicians, no one of whom may serve subscribers professionally under the Plan. This Board passes on the qualifications of all specialists including pediatricians seeking to participate in the Plan. It investigates the qualifications of each of the licensed laboratories whose service is contracted for by Group Health. It has designed record forms, based on those recommended for hospital use by the American College of Surgeons, to be used by all physicians serving patients insured. The Board has approved the method and allocation of fee payments to physicians and specialists on the panel. It is also responsible for many wise safeguards incorporated into the Plan, and will continue to function in an active advisory capacity for the guidance of the Board of Directors in all its relationships with the participating physicians and surgeons.

**GENERAL PHYSICIANS**—According to a provision of the New York State Insurance Law, under which the Plan operates, "every such plan shall be open to the participation of duly

8

licensed physicians without discrimination against schools of medical practice defined in the education law."

This means that Group Health's contract for general practitioner is available to any licensed physician.

**SPECIALISTS**—Group Health's contracts for physicians in special fields are available to all who can show objective evidence of competence in a particular field or fields. The general rule adopted by the Board is to accept diplomates of the proper examining board established by the American Medical Association, and to consider others, even though barred by technicalities or prevented for other reasons from taking the diploma examinations, provided they can satisfy the Medical Advisory Board that they possess equivalent professional qualifications as to training and experience.

**PRACTICE UNDER THE PLAN**—Medical practice under the Plan conforms in essentials to what is customary in private practice. The personal or family physician is expected to render the usual services of a general internist, including common physiotherapeutic measures, giving injections (charging the cost of the medication), performing the simpler laboratory tests, namely hemoglobin determination and urinalysis, and where feasible, taking specimens for diagnostic examination.

In the opinion of the Medical Advisory Board, the more elaborate procedures and tests are best performed in specially equipped laboratories. Laboratory service has been contracted for by Group Health with several licensed laboratories, and more will be added as the volume of work expands. The general physician including the pediatrician, is, moreover, not expected to take diagnostic x-rays, BMR's or EKG's, nor does his agreement with Group Health permit of extra fees for such services either from the subscriber or from the Plan.

• 9

When to refer a case to a specialist for consultation or treatment is left to the judgment of the general physician.

Similarly, when a case is referred to a specialist, he is expected to follow the usual procedure of keeping the referring physician fully informed as to its progress, carrying out whatever procedures come within his competence, and consulting with the general physician on the course of treatment.

**UNIFORM RECORDS**—Both general physicians and specialists are asked to use the standard forms designed by the Medical Advisory Board in whose opinion uniformity of records is as desirable in private practice as in public institutions.

The permanent case history file to be built up by means of these records will become available for the use of any other member of the medical panel who may be called upon to treat the subscriber in the future.

Simple monthly summaries of services rendered are requested by the Medical Advisory Board, in order to maintain a running record of "experience" in the actuarial sense of the term. The confidential nature of the data is safeguarded. Such a record is essential to sound operation in any plan based on the insurance principle. For the specialist, the same monthly summary serves as his "bill" to Group Health Cooperative.

Beyond this, participating physicians are not asked to do any "paper work" that they do not now do as a matter of office routine. Since they will be spared the necessity of individual billing and collecting, the records requested by the Medical Advisory Board will not be burdensome.

## VIII. PHYSICIANS' FEES AND ESTIMATED INCOME

In order to provide adequately for preventive services, such as early diagnosis of malignancy, prompt treatment of infections, etc. Group Health has adopted the so-called "capitation

10 •

system" of a flat fee to the general physician for each subscriber on his panel; whereas the specialists are remunerated on a "fee system," the amount of the fee for each unit of service or case being determined by the so-called "unit" method of evaluation explained on page 13.

A study of existing health insurance plans indicates that the unit method of payment is impracticable when applied to the greater part of the services rendered by the general physician such as periodic physical examinations, immunization, and one-to-three-call illnesses. Apparently the same conclusion was reached by the unit method plans in New York State—Buffalo, Utica, New York City—since they are limiting coverage to the relatively serious illnesses, thereby automatically excluding from coverage the very preventive work which it is desirable for health insurance plans to foster.

The unit method appears to be applicable, however, to specialist services dealing as a rule with determinable conditions, of which there is "objective evidence," and whose incidence is much lower than that of conditions treated by general physicians.

**GENERAL PHYSICIANS**—Capitation fees are set at levels which should provide a gross annual income of at least $8,000 for general physicians devoting full time to Plan subscribers. At an average capitation fee of $7.56, this assumes a panel of about 1,100 patients of all ages, which is a conservative estimate judging from the experience of successfully operating health insurance plans elsewhere. This does not, of course, mean that the participating physician need give full time to insured patients.

For example, a physician qualified to care for children, as well as adults, could serve a panel of 500 Group Health sub-

• 11

scribers in something less than half his time, and in this way
earn an income of $3,750 a year.

Since the normal demand for medical services varies with
the age and sex of the patients, the maximum size of any
physician's panel would depend upon these components which
likewise govern the capitation fees payable by the Plan.

For example, children in the first year of life require many
hours of preventive care. Moreover, infants show a higher in-
cidence of illness than do adolescents so that pediatricians
should serve a smaller than average group of subscribers.

The annual capitation fee for adults has been set at $6.60. The
fees to pediatricians have been set at the rate of $33.00 for
infants under one year, $12.00 for children from one to five
years of age, $9.00 for those from five to ten, and $6.60 for
those between ten and fifteen years of age.

Payment of these fees is made through two funds, the Gen-
eral Physicians' Fund and the Pediatrics Fund. Of the average
annual capitation fee for all general physicians, $6.60 is al-
located to the former, and $.96 to the latter. All general physi-
cians including pediatricians receive $6.60 annually from the
General Physicians' Fund for each adult and child served,
which constitutes payment in full for persons 10 years of age
and over. Physicians giving general care to children under
10 years of age also have claims against the Pediatrics Fund
at the rate of $26.40 for infants under one year, $5.40 for chil-
dren from one to five years, and $2.40 for those from five to
ten. Since it is impossible to guarantee a normal age distribu-
tion among children enrolled in the Plan, these payments are
technically claims against the Fund, but it is confidently ex-
pected that the controls used in enrollment will enable pay-
ment in full.

The general physician may also expect additional income

12 •

from two sources: the surcharge of $1.00 for the initial call in
any illness if made in the home, and some Workmen's Com-
pensation work among the subscribers on his panel. For treat-
ing conditions not covered by the subscriber's policy, more-
over, the physician and subscriber may make their own ar-
rangements. The general physician agrees not to accept any
other extra fees for services included in the subscriber's insur-
ance contract, except that he is entitled to recover the cost of
special medication, dressings and appliances for which he
would normally charge non-insured patients.

**SPECIALISTS**—Payment to all specialists takes the form of a proportional share of monies in special funds, an adaptation of the "unit method" to which previous reference has been made.

**SPECIALIST FUND**—To this Fund $5.52 is allocated from each subscriber's premium. Specialists other than obstetricians submit monthly bills, which are actually claims on this Fund, at Workmen's Compensation rates for services performed. They then receive proportional shares of monies in the Fund, up to the amount of their claims.

Operation of the Fund is on a monthly basis: thus, 46 cents is allocated to the Fund from each subscriber's monthly premium payment. Bills applicable to that month are paid out of the resulting total. If the income for the month is sufficient, all bills are paid in full. If the Fund shows a surplus after all bills have been paid in full, the surplus is carried over to the end of the fiscal year (March 31st), when it is distributed among the specialists who did not receive full payment in any month, in

• 13

such a way as to equalize as far as possible payments to all.

Approximately one-third of the radiologist's fees is paid directly by the subscriber in the form of the surcharge. Hence, his claim upon the Specialist Fund is the difference between what he has received from the patient-subscriber and the applicable Workmen's Compensation fee.

**OBSTETRICS FUND**—To this Fund $1.56 (13 cents monthly) is allocated from every premium, in addition to $15.00 of the surcharge of $25 made for each maternity case. The surcharge has been divided between the Obstetrics and Pediatrics Funds in order to equalize the burden that falls upon both in the majority of cases when a baby is "born into the Plan."

The total allocation assumes a birthrate of 18 per 1,000 subscribers, which is 25 percent higher than the normal rate for New York City. For each maternity case, the Obstetrician has a claim against the Fund for $100.00, at the rate of $10.00 a month for ten months.

Under the above arrangements, it is estimated that consultants, surgeons, radiologists and other specialists will receive fees averaging at least two-thirds of the Workmen's Compensation schedule.

**LABORATORY SERVICE**—Each of the laboratories under contract to Group Health receives a fee of 36 cents a year, or three cents a month, for each subscriber who resides in the borough.

14

## ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE

The balance of the premium income, averaging twenty percent, is allocated to administrative expense. After thorough investigation of the experience of other plans, it would seem that this percentage should be more than adequate as soon as the Plan is in full operation.

According to a requirement of the Insurance Department which applies to all medical insurance plans in New York State operating under Article IX-C, administrative expense including maintenance of legal reserves in an effort to safeguard their stability is made senior to payments to physicians and laboratories.

Group Health, however, seeks to safeguard the allocations to physicians and laboratories by having its administrative expenses underwritten during its initial period. Furthermore, a permanent capital fund will gradually be built up out of the income from cooperative shares, as explained in Section VI of this statement. No such capital funds are required by the Insurance Department.

# IX. SAFEGUARDS TO SOUNDNESS OF THE PLAN

The first safeguard to the Group Health Plan is the care with which it has been framed to provide adequate preventive health services to its subscribers and adequate recompense to participating physicians.

An adequate margin of safety has been allowed in estimating the annual income from physicians' fees based on certain conservative expectations. For example, the Obstetrics Fund is set up on the expectancy of a birthrate 25 percent higher among the Plan's subscribers than the norm for New York City's population as a whole.

Enrollment in the Plan and eligibility for certain of its services are subject to controls tending directly or indirectly to normalize the group of subscribers and the demand for medical

• 15

service. The initial physical examination is an obvious safeguard. Others are the age limitations, the requirement that husbands must subscribe in order to enroll their wives, and the "waiting period" for maternity service.

The surcharges are based on experience of other group health plans which shows that moderate fees for certain services control their abuse without discouraging legitimate use.

Group Health Cooperative cannot promise that its expectancies will prove out to the decimal. Not enough actuarial data have yet been collected to warrant such a promise. On the other hand, these expectancies are not mere guesses—they have been worked out with the greatest care from all the data available on the incidence of illness, the amount and kind of medical services required, and the experience of other plans.* On their accuracy depends the ultimate success of the Plan, not only for the physicians, but equally for the subscribers. A qualified actuary was consulted on the insurance underwriting phases of the Plan. Group Health Cooperative is satisfied that all has been done that could be done to guarantee a sound foundation for operation of the Plan.

*"REPORT ON INVESTIGATION PRELIMINARY TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INSURANCE PLAN FOR GROUP HEALTH COOPERATIVE, INC." (61 pages) is available in mimeographed form at 50c a copy. The report contains detailed analyses of all pertinent data and a bibliography.

16 •

OFFICERS

CHARLES A. MARLIES, President
MARTIN W. BROWN, Vice-President
WINSLOW CARLTON, Executive Director
and Treasurer

COUNSEL

SIMPSON THACHER & BARTLETT

RESEARCH STATISTICIAN

HELEN HERSHFIELD

309

Madison Avenue Office

Guaranty Trust Company of New York

New York Offices
140 Broadway
Fifth Avenue at 44th St.
Madison Avenue at 60th St.

Madison Avenue at 60th Street

New York March 10th, 1941

Foreign Offices
London Paris
Liverpool Havre
Brussels

In replying please refer to M8

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
14 East 75th St.
New York, N. Y.

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

In accordance with your instructions, we have today made you a loan in the amount of $6,500.00 to mature on March 10th, 1942 with interest at the rate of 3 1/2% per annum payable monthly. Your account at our Madison Avenue Office will be charged monthly for the amount of interest due, under advice to you.

This loan is secured by the following insurance policy which has been assigned to us:

Policy #8,497,034 of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States in the amount of $25,000.00 on your life.

We also confirm that we have today forwarded to the insurance company our check in the amount of $526.15 representing payment of the principal in full of your loan against the above policy due them. We have requested them to advise us of the amount of interest due to date of payment of their loan, and upon receipt of this information, we shall advise you further.

HB

8-39-78M

FORM 46-4-217

LONDON

LIVERPOOL

PARIS

HAVRE

BRUSSELS

ANTWERP

FIFTH AVENUE OFFICE
Fifth Ave. at 44th St.

MAIN OFFICE
140 Broadway

MADISON AVENUE OFFICE
Madison Ave. at 60th St.

New York, March 10th, 1941

DEBIT ADVICE

Please be informed that the following has been CHARGED to your account:

<table><thead><tr><th>PARTICULARS</th><th>AMOUNT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Check remitted to the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States in payment of principal of your loan against policy on your life #8497034.</td><td>$526.15</td></tr><tr><td>Interest on this indebtedness to date of payment will be debited to your account upon receipt of advice from the insurance company as to the amount.</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

From: Mad.Ave. Office

Loan:HB Dept.

Yours very truly,

Madison Avenue Office

Madison Avenue at 60th Street

New York

March 7, 1941

Foreign Offices

London

Paris

Liverpool

Havre

Brussels

In replying please refer to

M8

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg
12 East 75th Street
New York, N.Y.

Dear Dr. Zilboorg:

In connection with the
periodical examination of our accounts now
being made as of March 7th, 1941, by our ex-
amining committee, they find that, as of the
close of business on that date, we were hold-
ing, pending the granting of a loan to you
the following insurance policy:

The Equitable Life Assurance Society
of the U. S. \#8,497,034 - for \$25,000.

If the above is found to be
in agreement with your records, will you kindly
sign the carbon copy of this letter in the
space provided and return it in the self-
addressed envelope enclosed for your reply.

MD

10-40-20M

FORM 2-4-133

140 Broadway, New York

A statement of your account showing a credit balance of $659.94 at the close of business indicated below, has been sent to you by our Bookkeeping Department.

For the purpose of verifying our accounts, we shall appreciate it if you will promptly reconcile this statement with your records and advise us only in the event of any discrepancy.

DR. GREGORY ZILBOORG, SPECIAL ACCOUNT,
14 EAST 75TH STREET,
NEW YORK, N. Y.

M

Close of business

MAY 31, 1941

Guaranty Trust Company of New York
AUDITING DEPARTMENT

PSYCHIATRY

JOURNAL OF THE BIOLOGY AND THE
PATHOLOGY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS

The journal is addressed not alone to psychiatrists and psychiatric research personnel in the narrower sense, but to all serious students of human living in any of its aspects, and to those who must meet pressing social needs with current remedial attempts. Its editorial policy seeks to encourage mutual understanding throughout this large field. The journal is proposed to present authoritative but relatively non-technical treatises, reports, surveys, reviews, and abstracts pertaining to psychiatry as a basic orienting discipline having relations to all significant phases and problems of human life and to all human relations; this must include relevant biological and social science contributions. The Foundation, its Trustees, and its Publications Committee can accept no responsibility for any statements of fact or opinion made by contributors. The members of the Publications Committee have and accept full responsibility for selecting contributions that will further the objectives of the Foundation.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Manuscripts submitted for publication must be typed on one side of heavy paper, double spaced, with margins of not less than one inch width. Do not submit carbon copies. Tabular material and drawings and charts for line cuts should be submitted on separate sheets clearly marked as to exactly where they are to appear in the printed matter. Manuscripts should be submitted in final form; alterations made by the author after the article is in proof will be charged to the author at the printer's regular rates. The Publications Committee reserves the right to refuse any manuscript submitted, whether on invitation or otherwise, and to make suggestions regarding modifications which will make publication more practical. Articles are accepted with the understanding that they are contributed for exclusive publication.

Article headings should follow the style shown on the reverse hereof. The biographical footnote, in the indicated style, is required. It is suggested that the first paragraph of the text be designed to indicate the scope of the presentation. It should not be an abstract of the article. A separate abstract from 150 to 300 words in length may be submitted, also. This should be typewritten on a separate sheet, and should show Title, Author, and the legend "Author's Abstract."

Attention is emphatically directed to the style of reference footnote shown. THIS IS STANDARD USAGE FOR THIS JOURNAL.

Each author should supply a comprehensive bibliography of his published writings (including collaborations). The bibliography should be separate from the manuscript. It should be headed and arranged precisely as shown, and should show an asterisk before the title of each article that is regarded of particular interest to readers.

Reprints, with or without covers, will be supplied to authors at the cost of production, provided that they are ordered at the time of returning corrected galley proof. The separate bibliographical lists are not included in reprints of articles.

A QUARTERLY PUBLISHED BY THE
WILLIAM ALANSON WHITE PSYCHIATRIC FOUNDATION
WASHINGTON • D • C •

EDITED BY THE PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE

Harry Stock Sullivan
9003 Bradley Blvd.
Bethesda, Md.

Ernest E. Hadley
1835 Eye St., N. W.
Washington, D. C.

Thomas Harvey Gill
1214 Sixteenth St., N. W.
Washington, D. C.

24 March 1941

Dear Gregory:

Thank you for the beautifully written manuscript on *Ambulatory Schizophrenias*.

I have sent it on for compositing for our May issue with a biographical footnote prepared by me. I trust that you will find it both accurate and satisfactory, but I want to call this item to your special attention for whatever editing you find is required.

Oh, yes, the Committee deemed your opening paragraph suitable for the 33 picas wide paragraph that caps our double columns--16 picas wide. If you wish to prepare an additional paragraph indicating the scope of the paper, we will use that instead and recomposit the first paragraph in the single column. As we do not use numerical indications for different parts of an article, I have deleted these and directed that an appropriate space be left to show a break. If you wish you may insert literary subheadings in the place of the numerals deleted by us.

As always,

Ernest E. Hadley
For the Publications
Committee

EEH:rml

THE METHOD OF SCIENCE AND JURISPRUDENCE†

Edgar Bowen*

Method begins in the realization of the fallibility of uncritical
observations¹. There are significant differences that

*B.S. Lennox 92; A.M. Dartmouth 95; Ph.D. Brown 98; LL.D. Omsk 04. Instr. Dartmouth 92-95; Asst. Prof. Internat. Law, Omsk 98-101, Prof. 02-, Dean Soc. Sc. 03-. Ch. Southern Boundary Comm. 02-05; Councilor, Comm. Foreign Relat., 03-. Soc. Internat. Law (Pres., 04); F.R.S.; Am. Acad. For bibliography, see Reference List section of this issue.

†Annual Address at the New York City meeting of the Pan American Bar Association, July 5-10, 1938.

¹ Number all text footnotes serially, throughout the manuscript. All references are to be distributed as footnotes. Complete reference data must be supplied. The following example illustrates the style of THIS JOURNAL:

the meaning of the word *American*."² Other symbols of mutual

2 Chapman, Ross McClure, Presidential Address. *Amer. J. Psychiatry* (1938) 95:1-14.

identification³ include "mating," "family"⁴ and "brotherhood."

3 Lasswell, Harold D., *World Politics and Personal Insecurity*; New York, Whittlesey House, 1935 (vii and 307 pp.)—in particular, Chapter 2, Nations and Classes; The Symbols of Identification.

4 Waller, Willard, *The Family*; New York, Cordon, 1938 (621 pp.).

These symbols derive from biological processes. The biolog-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Edgar Bowen

Professor of International Law

University of Omsk

1895

The Fallacy of Some Doctrines of Sovereignty.

J. *World Politics* 14:506-542 and 320-374.

1898

The Governing and the Governed (with Karl Malink)

*Internat. J. Debate* 3:211-226.

1903

*Political Types*.

New York, Day, xiii and 499 pp.

MARCH 20, 1941

DR. ERNEST HADLEY,
1835 EYE STREET, N. W.,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

DEAR ERNEST:

HERE IS THE MANUSCRIPT. I HOPE YOU FIND IT SATISFACTORY. AS
TO A BIOGRAPHICAL FOOTNOTE, LET ME CONFESS TO AN INHIBITION. I DON'T LIKE
TO WRITE MY OWN BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES AND AVOID DOING IT WHENEVER I CAN.
WOULD YOU MIND IF I ASK YOU TO LOOK ME UP IN "WHO'S WHO" AND WRITE WHATEVER
YOU DEEM WISE?

MY SECRETARY WILL LOOK INTO THE MATTER OF THE LIST OF MY WRITINGS
AND MAKE WHATEVER ADDITIONS ARE NECESSARY.

ABOUT PAPERS AND BOOKS IN PREPARATION:

A PAPER ON "THE SENSE OF REALITY", TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE PSYCHOANALYTIC
QUARTERLY;

A PAPER ON "PATERNALISTIC AGGRESSION AND INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM IN THE PRESENT
DAY CRISIS", TO APPEAR IN THE AMERICAN JOURNAL
OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY;

A PAPER ON "PSYCHOLOGY AND CULTURE", TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE PSYCHOANALYTIC
QUARTERLY;

"THE WAYS OF THE UNCONSCIOUS", A LECTURE TO BE GIVEN BEFORE THE GRADUATE
SCHOOL IN PSYCHOLOGY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE IN WASHINGTON, D. C.; AND

A BOOK, "A HISTORY OF MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY", TO BE PUBLISHED BY W. W. NORTON
ON OCTOBER 31, 1941.

I LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING YOU. MY PLANS FOR WASHINGTON ARE NOT
QUITE CERTAIN YET. I SHALL LET YOU KNOW AS SOON AS MY SCHEDULE IS COMPLETED.

WARMEST REGARDS,

PSYCHIATRY

The journal is addressed not alone to psychiatrists and psychiatric research personnel in the narrower sense, but to all serious students of human living in any of its aspects, and to those who must meet pressing social needs with current remedial attempts. Its editorial policy seeks to encourage mutual understanding throughout this large field. The journal is supposed to present authoritative but relatively non-technical treatises, reports, surveys, reviews, and abstracts pertaining to psychiatry as a basic orienting discipline having relations to all significant phases and problems of human life and to all human relations; this must include relevant biological and social science contributions. The Foundation, its Trustees, and its Publications Committee can accept no responsibility for any statements of fact or opinion made by contributors. The members of the Publications Committee have and accept full responsibility for selecting contributions that will further the objectives of the Foundation.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

March 15, 1941

Gregory Zilboorg, M.D.
14 East Seventy-Fifth Street
New York City

Dear Gregory:

I am delighted to learn that the manuscript of "Ambulatory Schizophrenias" is ready. By all means let us have it at once.

Please let us have the required biographical footnote as indicated on the reverse of this sheet.

We have a very good list of your writings for the Reference List's section of Contributing Authors. We want this to be definitive. Please see that we have the complete list of more recent published articles, reviews and the like. Please let us have a list of titles in preparation or to be published. I think our secretaries each have a copy of the list we started to prepare sometime back so you will know what to add for us.

I shall be most happy to see you when you are here on 18 April. If you can advise me what time you will be free I will arrange my schedule suitably. H.S.S. is frantically rearranging his schedule to include additional speaking engagements. Anything beyond the next fortnight is I imagine highly tentative with him. If here, I am sure that he would like to see you.

Perhaps we might have dinner together and celebrate. By the way when is your birthday?

Ernest E. Hadley, M.D.
For the Publications Committee

EEH:rml

Edgar Bowen*

*B.S. Lennox 92; A.M. Dartmouth 95; Ph.D. Brown 98; LL.D. Omsk 04. Instr. Dartmouth 92-95; Asst. Prof. Internat. Law, Omsk 98-101, Prof. 02—, Dean Soc. Sc. 03—. Ch. Southern Boundary Comm. 02-05; Councilor, Comm. Foreign Relat., 03—. Soc. Internat. Law (Pres., 04); F.R.S.; Am. Acad. For bibliography, see Reference List section of this issue.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Edgar Bowen

University of Omsk

1895

1898

1903

*Political Types*

SUNDAY FIRESIDE MUSICALES

A. HAITOWITSCH
THE WALDORF-ASTORIA
PARK AVENUE AND 50TH STREET

November 12, 1941.

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East Seventy-fifth Street,
New York, N.Y.

My dear Doctor Zilboorg,

Referring to our telephone conversation, I wish to say that because of ill health, I was compelled to give up my musical career. For this reason I entered the managerial field and arranged a series of 3 Sunday Fireside Musicales at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, for which I engaged World renowned artists.

A number of outstanding people of this City have already subscribed to my musicales, but I would like to have a capacity audience.

Knowing you to be interested in a good many organizations, I am prepared to grant very advantageous terms on a sizable block of tickets. I believe this would be an ideal opportunity for any worthy cause to make some money without any investment. I feel certain that with the proper approach it will be very easy to dispose of these tickets, which are only Ten Dollars for the series of 3 concerts. If this proposition interests you I will be delighted to meet you to furnish you with further details.

Thanking you for your interest in my work and hoping you will give this matter your kind consideration, I am

Sunday Fireside Musicales

Presented by

HAITOWITSCH

Eminent Blind Violinist

Three Sunday Evenings at Nine

NOVEMBER 23
HAROLD BAUER • CHARLES KULLMAN • ANATOL KAMINSKY

NOVEMBER 30
LOTTE LEHMANN • PAUL STASSÉVITCH

DECEMBER 21
NEW YORK PHILHARMONIC TRIO
NADIA REISENBERG • MISHEL PIASTRO • JOSEPH SCHUSTER
and
YVES TINAYRE

At each musicale Dr. Daniel Gregory Mason will give a short appropriate talk.

WALDORF-ASTORIA HOTEL

An Intimate Series
in the
Beautiful Starlight Room

Great Artists
in an
Atmosphere
of charm and
congeniality.

HAROLD BAUER

CHARLES KULLMAN

LOTTE LEHMANN

PAUL STASSÉVITCH

YVES TINAYRE

NEW YORK PHILHARMONIC TRIO

NADIA REISENBERG
MISHEL PIASTRO
JOSEPH SCHUSTER

* HAROLD BAUER is a name synonymous with the piano. To the mastery of his art and to the development of musical appreciation in this country, he has dedicated his life.

* CHARLES KULLMAN, star of opera and concert, is rightly considered "America's greatest romantic tenor". He is in his seventh consecutive year at the Metropolitan Opera. Just back from South America, he appears this autumn with the San Francisco Opera before returning again to New York.

* ANATOL KAMINSKY is a highly gifted young violinist who already has made two successful appearances as soloist with the New York Philharmonic-Symphony.

* LOTTE LEHMANN, whether in the leading opera houses of the world or in the concert hall, is always the noble interpreter of song. To her, critics give their unstinted praise—audiences their spontaneous acclaim. "It is for such singers as Lotte Lehmann that the lieder were written," is the glowing tribute of the Boston Herald.

* PAUL STASSÉVITCH, has made three successful careers simultaneously—as conductor, violinist, and pianist. A graduate of the Petrograd Conservatory, he concertized widely before coming to this country. "A musician of the first order, who gives a magnificent performance," says the Montreal Star.

* YVES TINAYRE, one of the greatest interpreters of song, is French by birth. His interest in early manuscripts started his researches in music from medieval times to the time of Mozart. He possesses a collection of over 2,000 works covering a span of six centuries, a large part of which is included in his repertoire.

* NEW YORK PHILHARMONIC TRIO is composed of three brilliant artists, all distinguished as soloists in their respective fields—the pianist Nadia Reisenberg, the violinist Mishel Piastro, and the cellist Joseph Schuster.

ANATOL KAMINSKY

NOVEMBER 23 • NOVEMBER 30 • DECEMBER 21

DANIEL GREGORY MASON

Daniel Gregory Mason, familiar to Amer-
ican music-lovers for his compositions, books,
lectures and broadcasts, will give an informal
talk on the programs, highlights and general
characteristics of each musicale. Dr. Mason's
friendly musical commentaries are so soundly
thought out and so clearly expressed as to
help all his hearers, whatever their back-
ground, to deeper participation in the happi-
ness of music.

As a composer he has become increasingly well-known so that, in
reviewing his autobiography, "Music in My Time," John Erskine wrote:
"I don't know whether he is now the dean of American composers, nor
whether that title would make him rejoice or squirm, but I doubt if any
American composer living can look back on a fuller life, richer in
accomplishments, in friendships and in ideas."

HAITOWITSCH—Impresario

IN an atmosphere which reflects the quiet informal charm of the drawing-room, rather than the conventionalized concert hall, Mr. Haitowitsch will inaugurate this season at the Waldorf-Astoria a series of three Sunday Fireside Musicales.

Because of his own career as a concert violinist who has toured
throughout this country and Europe, he possesses the knowledge and
discriminating taste so necessary in the selection of artists and programs.

Born in Russia and burdened with the handicap of blindness from
childhood, Mr. Haitowitsch nevertheless attained distinction in his
chosen field, graduating with the highest honors from the Conservatory
of Petrograd. He came to this country during the first World War. Now
no longer able to concertize for reasons of health, but desiring to utilize
his long experience in the musical world, Mr. Haitowitsch conceived
the idea of this concert series, where artists and audience can meet in
intimate and congenial surroundings.

December 29, 1941

Dr. J. K. Hall
Westbrook Sanatorium
Richmond, Virginia

Dear J. K. :

I do not know how to thank you for your
photograph. I am thrilled to have it. It is going
to be framed and join the company of those whom I
love to look at and think about. The comment about
your picture that some young ladies made withingay
hearing would make your good wife jealous and me too!
After all I don't know why I should not be the re-
cipient of at least a little bit of similar adulation.

This Christmas, our first in the War, was
really sad. I could not help but think of the
incongruity of this fascinating and cruel world of
ours. Faith - is good, yet realities keep on
jarring us so badly that one contemplates the Ser-
mon on the Mount with a longing which is almost
more a sense of melancholy less than a hope.

You are good J. K., and I don't know what
it is I feel more - pride or happiness at your
being my friend.

Always with affection and devotion,

American Psychiatric Association

J. K. HALL, M.D., PRESIDENT
WESTBROOK SANATORIUM
RICHMOND, VA.

ARTHUR H. RUGGLES, M.D., PRESIDENT-ELECT
BUTLER HOSPITAL, PROVIDENCE, R.I.

WINFRED OVERHOLSER, M.D., SEC.-TREAS.
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL, WASHINGTON, D.C.

AUSTIN M. DAVIES, EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
ROOM 708, 9 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA, NEW YORK, N.Y.
TELEPHONE - CIRCLE 5-4698

Dec. 17, 1941

Dear Gregory,

The letter may be somewhat official. This note is personal. I want to tell you how deeply (I am certain that is the word) I enjoyed the day in your home in the country near Stamford. It was a splendid day. We communed intimately together, and each one of us, I verily believe, was thinking not of self but of Psychiatry in our great country and of the years that are to come, and of the steadily increasing influence that Psychiatry must occupy in our civilization, and of those psychiatrists still unborn who will, in the years yet to come, read of that first meeting in your home of the Committee on the History of Psychiatry, and of the very beginning of that great work that is going to be so splendidly done under your Chairmanship.

Your dear wife was kind indeed to allow us to come into her home and to fill it up, and to transform it for the day into a work shop in which we were undertaking a splendid thing. Please present my cordial remembrances and my thanks to your dear wife, and remember me, please, to the children.

I must tell you that at the State Hospital at Westborough in Massachusetts I had the great good fortune to meet Dr. N. Emmons Paine. I told him that, if I could not have the honor of being his companion at the luncheon provided so generously

for us by Dr. Lang, I would not go to the luncheon at all. I
had some lovely communion with him, and I told him how much we
had talked about him at your home and how much we talk about
him every time the Executive Committee of the Council meets;
and those statements were altogether true. As soon as I
reached home I autographed a photograph of myself and sent
it to him, and I wrote to him as good a letter as I was capable
of formulating. I fell in love with Dr. Paine. He is
physically spry and mentally alert. I tried to help him to
understand our realization and our appreciation of what he
has already done for our Association, and of our gratitude,
also, for his future plans and purposes for the Association.

Faithfully,

Dr. Gregory Zilboorg,
14 East 75th Street,
New York, N. Y.

JKH:H

My dear Gregory,

Nov. 5, 1941

I feel better about our country since you are
again within it. I do not doubt that your visit to Brazil has
done good to you, to Brazil, to our own country, and to the
American Psychiatric Association. I surmise that you have not
heard that, at the meeting of our Executive Board on September
21st, I believe, Dr. Overholser, our Secretary, was authorized
to invite, perhaps not more than twenty, psychiatrists from the
Latin American countries to attend the meeting of the American
Psychiatric Association in Boston next May. I do not doubt that
Dr. Overholser will be calling upon you for advice and counsel
in extending those invitations. You can be helpful both in
selecting them and in dealing with those who accept our invita-
tion, linguistically and otherwise. I am grateful for the mes-
sage from Dr. d Silva of the University of Sao Paolo. I hope he
will be with us in Boston.

Dr. Henry has been talking to me about the
meeting of the Committee on the History of Psychiatry, of which you
are Chairman, and he is looking forward with great satisfaction to
his communion with you and with the other members of the Committee
at your farm near Stamford on November 22nd. I should love to be
with you, and I deeply appreciate your considerate thought of me,

2

but I have the notion that it is better for the problems of that
Committee to be attended to by that excellent Committee. All of
you are going to measure up to the historic necessities of the
splendid work you are going to do.

I do think it my duty - and it is certainly
going to be my pleasure - to meet as many of the doctors engaged
in psychiatric work in this country as possible by next May.
Largely for that reason I shall hope to attend in St. Louis on
November 10th through the 13th the meeting of the Southern Medical
Association; the Salmon Lectures in New York, November 17-18; the
meeting of the Association that considers the Alcohol Problem at
the Hotel Commodore on November 25th and, if I can possibly find
time, I shall attend the birthday dinner of Dr. Myerson on
November 28th. I pray that on more than one of those occasions
I may have some communion with you. God bless you!

My wife joins me in the prayer that all may
be well with yours and you.

With admiration and affection,

Your friend,

JKH:H

November 7, 1941.

Dear J. K.:

Your letter just reached me and I hasten to answer it. A word from you always brings cheer into my heart and relights a faith in man which at times flickers but feebly amidst the many cruelties of man to man which we are called upon to witness. James was bitter in his epistle and when he admonished us that "Faith without work is dead" he must have known what hypocrisy, bigotry and cruelty of man was. I am ever so grateful to you for your affection and kindliness which I will do my best to earn. But after all true love can never be repaid but with love and you can rest assured of my loyalty and devotion. Every effort will be bent to make the work of our Committee for the History of Psychiatry effective and fruitful and I shall keep you posted on what we are doing.

My impressions of Brazil are truly delightful and I made friends with a number of medical men, surgeons and psychiatrists. The Brazilians are truly delightful people, responsive, alive, earnest and loyal; the psychiatrists are well informed, studious and hard workers. The suggestion to invite twenty Latin American psychiatrists to the Boston meeting is excellent indeed. Ten of those should be Brazilians, I believe, for Brazil is the largest of all South American countries and the most active and creative; it is larger territorially than the U.S.A. I happen to be a member of the Pan-American Medical Association and I shall be more than happy to be helpful to you and Overhauser in the suggestion of names and telling you about those whom I know personally. I know most of them; I met them and I addressed the Brazilian Psychiatric Association. I spoke French. They all speak and understand French. Some speak a little English -- almost none of them speak or read German. I shall make it my business to see you at the Salmon lectures and perhaps have a chance to answer any questions you wish me to answer. It would seem advisable to organize a small reception committee (say five people) who could speak French, Spanish and or Portuguese in addition to English and who could receive, guide, take care of, and also perhaps help them as interpreters to take part in the discussion if they wish to discuss a paper, for frequently they are able to follow a paper in English but are unable to talk it. Such hospitality in addition to purely social hospitality which we might extend to them will not be forgotten. For while they are very eager to learn our tongue, they are a bit resentful that we don't show the same eagerness with regard to theirs. The reason why they all understand and speak French is simple: until recently we paid little attention to them and not having had until lately textbooks of their own they were compelled to use French textbooks.

Warmest regards to you and to your family.

As always,

Dr. J. K. Hall,
Westbrook Senatorium,
Richmond, Virginia.

October 30, 1941

My dear J. K.!

I am taking the liberty of enclosing a letter which I have just written
to Dr. Henry, and wish to add the following.

I have just come from a trip to Rio de Janeiro. I found the trip
refreshing and Rio de Janeiro very impressive. Our psychiatric brothers
there are very active and fully aware of the many things we are doing in
America. A great many of them speak and a great many more write English.
It is not impossible that some of them might be lured to come to our Boston
Meeting, and if they do I shall be very happy at the thought that I could
in this way be helpful to the Psychiatric Association. I should then
attempt to serve as interpreter and assiduous tourist guide.

Pacheco e Silva, professor of the University of Sao Paulo, who
visited Richmond at the time of our Meeting last May, sends you his warmest
regards. I visited him in Sao Paulo and gave a lecture there.

I feel as if I had not seen you and your wife for ages. Win Overholser
writes me that they recently had a visit with you. Please remember me to your
wife.

Most cordially, as ever,

Yours,

Dr. J. K. Hall,
Westbrook Sanatorium,
Richmond, Virginia.

July 1, 1961.

Dr. J. K. Hall,
Westbrook Sanatorium,
Richmond, Va.

Dear Dr. Hall:

I cannot tell you how very grateful I am to you for presenting me with the three volumes of Blanton's history. It is not only a pleasure to have these books added to my library; they already have proved useful to me as reference books. I have an added pleasure in looking forward to the appearance of my history of medical psychology, for I shall then be able to reciprocate and send you a copy of the book. It is to be published on October fifteenth.

Warmest regards to your good wife and to
yourself. In these turbulent days of uncertainty and
bloodshed I miss the warmth and friendliness of your
good town and home.

Yours cordially,

June 6, 1941.

Dr. J. E. Hall,
Westbrook Sanatorium,
Richmond, Virginia.

Dear Dr. Hall:

Your patient Mr. Albert came to see me the other day and I had but a brief talk with him. I saw him again to-day. My impression is that he is not entirely out of the woods and that somehow he must have left the hospital too soon. His wife corroborated my impression by saying that he left your place against advice. I shall greatly appreciate it if you have your office send me a brief story of the case. This will prove very helpful.

Please accept my thanks for referring Mr. Albert to me; and I wish to assure you that I shall do my best to justify the confidence you placed in me. I am concerned about him, however, for while I do not as yet know much about him I wonder whether we are not dealing here with a slow-growing psychotic development of a definitely schizoid person.

My best regards to you and God bless you.

Yours affectionately,

May 22, 1941.

Dear Dr. Hall;

As I promised, I am writing with regard to the Committee on the History of Psychiatry. My impressions of Richmond have not been entirely shovelned into the background and I shall think of them until I come to Boston next year, but I hope that you will afford me the opportunity of seeing you before then. If the Committee were appointed in the nearest future, I could then have two or three meetings of this Committee, and at Christmas time when the Council meets in New York I might be able to submit a preliminary report to you and the Council should you wish it at that time.

The Committee on the History of Psychiatry as it presents itself to my mind at the moment, is this: You, as President of the Association, are of course a member of this Committee, and Arthur Ruggles, as President-elect, becomes a regular member. Winfred Overholser, as Secretary of the Association, would take Ruggles' place. Not counting your office position which is not an appointive one I think of the following: C. B. Farrar, being the editor of our journal, is entitled to a place on the Committee. Moreover, his appointment will be particularly good since Dr. J. H. Elliott of the University of Toronto is now President of the Association for the History of Medicine and is interested in the project and will be able to keep in touch with Farrar. Now, Will Wenninger is a lovely person to work with, extremely conscientious. His appointment would carry out the principle of territorial representation and yet Will is sufficiently free to travel about when necessary and can come East whenever conditions require. Next is Karl Bond - not only a prominent citizen and a tie with the Pennsylvania Hospital which is in possession of a number of records, but also culturally more flexible than any of the Philadelphians I know. As to the seventh member of the Committee, I have in mind Karl Bowman. As Chairman of the Programme Committee he would make a good point of contact for the cooperation of these two committees. What I have in mind is a gradual education of the Association, between now and 1944, to the historical approach, so that the 1944 meeting in its historical aspects may

Dr. J. K. Hall -2-

be a culmination of something to which the membership has been elevated
rather than a sudden burst of fireworks. We might have some carefully
selected historical papers, properly grouped, on the programme of next
year and the year after next.

It is possible, of course, that Karl Bowman might not be the best
choice in the sense that some actual historian would be better on the
Committee, but after all we know what we want and I am very eager that the
Committee be completed as soon as possible so as to start things in motion.

You probably remember that I said something about the possible
Chairmanship of the Committee on the Legal Aspects of Psychiatry, and you
were good enough to ask me to give you a suggestion. I think of Paul
Schroeder, who is most able. He is a mid-Westerner, which deserves some
consideration.

If there is anything you want me to do in connection with any-
thing, please command me. There is nothing that I would do better than
be of service to you. Please don't think me presumptious. I know it is
difficult to keep pace with you but I hope in my modest way I may prove
useful.

With warmest regards.

Always yours,