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1955 - We do not export capital

We do not have any surplus capital. Our economy is organized according to a plan. We are not interested in exporting capital or in exporting goods, which we produce in quantities sufficient for the needs of our country, for our allies and for ensuring trade and foreign countries. We still produce less of certain goods than is necessary to satisfy the growing needs of our country.

Speech about trip to India, Burma, and Afghanistan; Pravda, December 30, 1955.

1956 - US "dumping"

Governments, particularly the United States, are trying to cut crop areas and reduce harvests by every means. This is at a time when millions of people in vast areas of Southeast Asia and Africa are starving, and when in the metropolitan countries too a large section of the population is seriously undernourished. . . .

All have more than sufficient reason to be dissatisfied with the United States, which has disorganized the world market by...dumping agricultural produce. . . .

Speech to the 20th Party Congress; Pravda, February 15, 1956.

3. <u>Eisenhower Doctrine</u>

1957 - US imperialism replaces British and French

He /Eisenhower/ sees that the decrepit British lion, which once kept many peoples of Asia and Africa in a state of fear by its growling, has now become weak and hoarse and has lost its tail in Egypt.

Now it is American imperialism which is forcing its way into the Near and Middle East to replace this lion, to replace British and French imperialism.

We are witnessing great historical developments. The British, French, and Israeli forces which attacked Egypt, a virtually agrarian nation, still without an industry of its own, had to get out empty-handed.

The peoples of the Arab countries, having experienced British and French imperialist rule firsthand, having now tasted the fruits of national liberation from colonial rule, will no longer permit anyone to meddle in their affairs.

Speech awarding Order of Lenin to Uzbeks; Pravda, January 14, 1957.

1957 - Garbage heap of history

The imperialists are still trying to impede the progress of history. But all those who have tried to do so in the past have been thrown onto the garbage heap of history. This, no doubt, is in store for the "Eisenhower doctrine," too.

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1957 - Other "doctrines" have failed

Comrades, you have surely read about the so-called Eisenhower doctrine. During the years of Soviet rule there have been a great many doctrines of all kinds directed against the Soviet Union. There have been the Churchill and Truman doctrines, and there has been a host of prophesies of all kinds concerning the Soviet Union, the peoples of our country and our achievements. However, none of these doctrines or prophesies has been successful. The Soviet Union stands as a rock, and with each passing day its strength is growing, its economy developing and the people consolidat- ing. In ever increasing numbers the world's peoples have either already seized power, raised aloft the banner of Marxism-Leninism and are now successfully building socialism under this banner or are still fighting to liberate themselves from the yoke of capitalism and to force capitalism to yield more and more ground.

4. NATO

1955 - They are preparing a West German army against the Soviet Union

They have drawn Western Germany into NATO. They are alloting funds for arming Western Germany and supplying her with weapons. Many leading figures in the Western countries do not even consider it necessary to conceal the fact that they are preparing a West German army against the Soviet Union.

Speech at political meeting in Rangoon; Pravda, December 7, 1955.

1955 - NATO countries increasingly dependent on US monopolists

It is alleged that NATO was set up because the Soviet Union is aggressive and it is therefore necessary to create some kind of powerful combined army of the NATO states to oppose the Soviet Union and the countries of the socialist camp.

It is not difficult to understand who needs such a lie and why. It is necessary in order to distract the attention of the masses from the changes which are taking place in countries which are becoming increasingly dependent on the US monopolists.

But the mirage which was artificially created is beginning to disappear and people are beginning to see what is true and what is false.

1956 - NATO bases

Gentlemen correspondents of the capitalist countries! Very often you write about how we strive toward war. I must tell you that you sometimes fall into a most difficult situation. I repeat that we will not delay by a single day the withdrawal of our troops from Germany and other countries if the capitalist countries will withdraw their troops from West Germany and liquidate their military and naval bases on foreign territories. But we are not naive people, we know the habits of imperialist circles. We must be ready to rebuff those who might decide to attack us.

Speech at Polish embassy reception; TASS, November 18, 1956.

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1957 - Dangerous policy of Norway and Denmark

In Norway and Denmark there are considerable forces which keep wanting to split countries into military blocs and which want themselves to stay in the military grouping of NATO. Nothing comes from this but harm to the countries' interests and to world peace. Particularly dangerous is these countries' concession of their territories for military bases of other states. We know that talks are in progress on placing rockets in Norway and Denmark. But, as they say, may heaven see to it that the statesmen of these countries find enough courage to keep away from these doubtful undertakings, which can bring no good either to these or to other countries, and which will not lead toward the present expectation of mankind--the consolidation of world peace.

Speech at Helsinki; TASS, June 13, 1957.

1957 - Warsaw Treaty

The Soviet Union and the GDR are parties to the Warsaw Treaty, which has been called upon to render harmless the serious consequences for the cause of peace in Europe arising from the formation of the aggressive NATO. You may rest assured that the Soviet Union and other socialist countries will, should the necessity arise, fulfill their duty to the GDR and will defend her democratic gains and her freedom and independence.

Speech in East Germany; East German radio broadcast, August 8, 1957.

5. <u>Baghdad Pact</u>

1955 - It will burst like a soap bubble

We very much dislike the Baghdad Pact, in which Pakistan is one of the most active participants although it is of no benefit to Pakistan or her people. But we have patience and are confident that the Baghdad Pact will burst like a soap bubble, leaving only an unpleasant memory.

Speech at luncheon in Srinagar given by Y.K. Singh, Chief of State of Kashmir;
<u>Pravda</u>, December 11, 1955.

1955 - New countries being involved

Before the ink had even dried on the joint communique on the results of the Geneva conference, some of our partners in the conference had begun to involve new countries in the aggressive Baghdad Pact. They drew in Iran and are dragging in other states. . . .

The governments of Iran and Turkey are hardly behaving reasonably when they link their fate to the aggressive Baghdad Pact and refuse to establish good neighbor relations with the Soviet Union.

Speech about trip to India, Burma, and Afghanistan; <u>Pravda</u>, December 30, 1955.

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## C. Attitude Toward the United Nations

### 1957 - A subsidiary of the US

The United Nations can of course be regarded as a useful instrument. But I would err against my own conscience if I described it as an important instrument in the settlement of international issues at the present time. As long as a situation exists in the United Nations when everything in that organization is managed by the United States, when they boss around the countries in which receive sops from them, this organization will, in effect, remain a subsidiary of the United States and not an international organization. Of course there are cases even now when the United Nations expresses the wishes and aspirations of peoples. But unfortunately such cases are rare.

Interview with Turner Catledge of the *New York Times*; TASS, May 13, 1957.

### 1957 - Disarmament subcommittee dominated by NATO

A thought has just occurred to me. The bourgeois press will blacken me again. They will say again: Khrushchev spoke again about disarmament in Czechoslovakia. But how can one not speak about it? There is such a special thing as the U.N. Disarmament Subcommittee, which is now meeting in London. This subcommittee considers itself an agency of an international organization, the United Nations. If, however, we were to count the representatives of the countries in this subcommittee, it would be possible to call it rather the NATO subcommittee, because, outside of the Soviet Union, there is not a single country which is not a member of NATO. You can imagine, therefore, how difficult it is to debate there on the question of disarmament.

Czechoslovak news service, CTK, July 14, 1957.

## D. Soviet Foreign Policy

### 1. Europe

#### a. Germany

##### 1955 - Second World War

Engaged in peaceful labor, we knew that the forces of reaction had not given up their schemes. Fearing the very existence of the Soviet land, where the people enjoy the fruits of their labor, the enemies let loose a mad dog, Hitlerite Fascism, on our country.

Speech to the Indian Parliament; TASS, November 21, 1955.

##### 1955 - Hitler turned on West

The history of the prewar years shows convincingly that the Western powers made one concession after another to Hitler, pushing him toward the East, toward our country. But the result was that the house dog which the ruling circles of Britain, France, and the USA were feeding, intending to unleash him against the USSR, broke free from his chain and attacked those who had fed him.

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## d. Goa

### 1955 - Goa will be part of India

An historic victory has been achieved by the peoples of great China, our mutual friends and brothers.

Great India has achieved political independence.

Other peoples of Asia are freeing themselves from hateful colonial oppression. They are choosing the path of development and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states. We welcome the peoples of these countries in this great cause.

There are still countries which, like ticks, are clinging to a healthy body. I am referring to Portugal which does not want to leave Goa or to free this legitimate Indian territory from its rule.

But sooner or later this will happen and Goa will be freed from foreign rule and will become an integral part of the Indian Republic.

Speech at Calcutta; Pravda, December 1, 1955.

### 1955 - Stolen goods

I am surprised that our speeches against colonialism, against the continuation of Portugal's colonial rule in Goa and other Portuguese possessions on Indian soil have prompted certain statesmen of the United States to come out in defense of the Portuguese colonialists on the grounds that these possessions have been in their hands about 400 years. No matter how many years pass stolen property remains stolen property and it must be returned to the rightful owners. Stolen goods should be returned and moreover with interest. ...

Speech to the Hindi Association of India; TASS, December 13, 1955.

## e. Japan

### 1957 - US dominates Japan

Our economic interests do not clash with the economic interests of Japan, but with the United States your interests do clash, because you are its rival. But there will be no competition between us. We can sell you coal, ore, timber, oil, and similar raw materials and purchase your industrial products.

Why does Japan not do what is profitable to her? She does not do it because she depends on the United States. By the letter of the law she is regarded as independent, but in reality she is compelled to take into consideration the United States, which has planted its military jackboot in Japan. ... Japan is in an unequal position. I think that Japan will not tolerate such a position for long. She will press for genuine and not imaginary sovereignty. And we hope that Japan will soon recover genuine, real sovereignty. ... We have long since offered the Japanese leaders to open a direct air line between our two countries. I think it would be beneficial for both states. But I suppose the Americans do not allow you to do this. ... You probably cannot agree to the establishment of direct air lines between our two countries because your airports are in the hands of the Americans and you naturally have no place to receive our planes.

Interview with Tomoo Hirooka of the Japanese newspaper, Asahi Shimbun, June 18, 1957; TASS, June 29, 1957.

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1957 - Aggression

If we are to speak of morals and reproach the Soviet side with violating the pact The Soviet-Japanese treaty of non-aggression of 1939, what moral right did Japan have to attack Russia in 1944, or to invade hereafter the revolution?

Interview with Tomoo Hirooka of the Japanese newspaper, *Asahi Shimbun*, June 18, 1957; TASS, June 29, 1957.

1957 - Maritime questions

The question of zones in territorial waters is decided by each country separately. Such is international usage. We have a 12 mile zone. But the Soviet Union is not the only country to have such a zone.

As soon as the peace treaty is signed, the islands of Habomai and Shikotan will be immediately turned over to Japan.

1957 - Japanese Communists

The Japanese people themselves must decide what they are going to have. The political struggle in this or that country is the internal affair of the given country and no outside intervention is permissible. But we shall sympathize with the Japanese Communists because we have a common idea, a common teaching.

f. Middle East

1955 - Israel unfriendly to Arabs

We understand the aspirations of the peoples of Arab countries who are fighting for complete liberation from foreign dependence. At the same time the actions of Israel, which from the very first days of its existence began to threaten its neighbors and to pursue an unfriendly policy toward them, should be condemned.

Speech about trip to India, Burma, Afghanistan; *Pravda*, December 30, 1955.

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1956 - We must support the Egyptian people

The voice of the Soviet people in Egypt's defense was listened to above all because of the might of the Soviet Union, because all the Soviet people unanimously support the policy of our party and the Soviet government. It was listened to because of the indissoluble friendship between the Soviet Union and all the socialist countries. We must support the Egyptian people in their just struggle for independence and seek the withdrawal of the aggressors' forces from Egypt. The Suez Canal rightfully belongs to the Egyptian state, which has ensured and will ensure freedom of shipping on his canal for all countries concerned after repairs. We must not relax our efforts in support of Egypt in order that the uninvited newcomers clear out of Egyptian soil, in order that those to blame for the war, which has inflicted large casualties and damage on the economy of the Egyptian people, are severely punished and so that the aggressor is taught not to try another attack.

Speech before meeting of Moscow youth devoted to awarding of the Order of Lenin to Young Communist League leaders; Pravda, November 10, 1956.

1957 - USSR helped end the war in Egypt

Who has raised his voice in strong protest against these imperialist forces? The Soviet Union has. Not only has it raised its voice in protest, but it issued a stern warning to the aggressors. Today everybody knows that much of the credit for ending the war in Egypt goes to the Soviet Union.

1957 - USSR renders disinterested assistance to Arab countries

The people of the Arab world see that it is not the Soviet Union but the British, French, American and other imperialists who are seizing and plundering their national wealth and are hauling away Near and Middle Eastern oil for next to nothing.

This is something the Soviet Union has never done and will never do. It is rendering disinterested assistance to the Arab countries in their righteous struggle for national independence. These are the facts; this is the truth, obvious to everyone, above all to the people of the Arab countries.

1957 - USSR an example for Arabs

The Arabs like all men of labor--workers, peasants, and intellectuals--are reasoning in this way: If American, British and other imperialists hate the Soviet Union so much, if they tell such cock-and-bull stories about the Soviet Union, while the Soviet Union has risen to such heights and achieved such great successes in 39 years, then this is, evidently, bad for the imperialists and very good for the peoples of the countries getting rid of imperialist domination.

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g. North Africa

1955 - USSR does not intervene

**Question.** Since certain French newspapers have published various reports concerning your statement to a French parliamentary delegation about North Africa, could you say something on this subject?

**Answer.** Concerning events in North Africa, my first consideration was and is that the USSR does not intervene in the domestic affairs of other states and that a correct solution to this question can be found which will take account, of course, of the legitimate rights and national interests of the peoples of the French Union.

The standpoint of the Soviet people, which is one of moral support and sympathy for the peoples' national liberation movement, has long been known, and I do not think it needs any special explanation.

Answer to question of Pravda Correspondent; Pravda, October 4, 1955.

1955 - We sympathize with struggle for liberation

Take Africa, for example, which is completely divided up among European and non-European countries. . . . The peoples of these countries are rising more and more resolutely to fight against colonial regimes. And we sympathize with this struggle and wish success to the peoples who are waging it.

E. Communist Bloc

1. General

1954 - Soviet aid

Through the reclamation of virgin soil our country will be supplied with a quantity of grain which will be needed for the covering of all the requirements of the population as well as for the upsurge of livestock breeding, for export needs, and for setting up the necessary reserves. We shall be able to give more help to other friendly countries, as for instance, Czechoslovakia and the GDR, which are unable to produce the necessary quantity of grain from their own land; Rumania, Hungary and Bulgaria which in years of poor harvest, are unable to satisfy their needs to the fullest extent.

Interview with Prof. John Bernal, September 25, 1954; TASS, December 23, 1954.

1957 - Disagreements among Communist countries

Certain hitches can also arise in the relations between socialist countries because new relations of which there have been no example in history are being built among them. This is not an easy task since in the background there is the great weight of the past and since, furthermore, there are forces which hinder and which will continue to hinder the new relations which have arisen and are developing among socialist countries.

Speech at the Polish embassy; TASS, April 20, 1957.

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## 1957 - Communism does not depend on force

You think that the Communist system in this or that country can be maintained only with the help of our armed forces? I would not fight for such a Communist system. The Communist system must be based on the will of the people, and if the people do not wish this system let them establish the way of life they prefer best. This is why we will unflinchingly withdraw our troops from all the countries in which they are stationed--from Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Eastern Germany--and I am sure that the peoples of these countries will defend their system even better then.

Television interview with three representatives of the Columbia Broadcasting System; TASS, June 3, 1957.

## 1957 - Truth and strength are on our side

We are not afraid of withdrawing our troops from all countries where they are stationed. Britain, the United States and France fear this. The governments of Italy and Western Germany are also afraid of foreign troops being evacuated from their countries. Adenauer, for instance, asks the foreign troops to remain in Western Germany. Why? Simply because the governments of these countries do not know what will happen to them when the American forces leave. They do not know how French, Italians, Germans, Greeks and others will behave, so this means that they are not sure of themselves. They are not sure of the peoples' adherence to the capitalist system. The truth is on our side. The strength is also on our side.

Interview with Tomoo Hirooka of the Japanese newspaper, *Asahi Shimbun*, on June 18, 1957; TASS, June 29, 1957.

## 1957 - Family differences

As regards the socialist countries, there are no antagonistic contradictions, no struggle or hostility between them. This does not mean, of course, that there are no rough edges to their relations. Arguments, lack of harmony and differences on certain questions may occur even between friends. Such arguments can even happen between man and wife. They can have different views on things.

## 1957 - Different paths

Comrades, each country has its peculiarities and each country solves various questions of socialist construction according to these peculiarities. This applies to Czechs and Slovaks and to Czechoslovakia on the whole, to Yugoslavs, to Bulgarians, to Albanians, and especially to China. China is a very large and unique country, and a very complicated one. I would say that China never directly copies or repeats anything: it does everything on the basis of Marxist-Leninist teaching, but everything in China is done in a Chinese way. Is this a matter for an argument? No, we are glad that the Chinese, our friends, are successfully solving the rebuilding of their society on socialist foundations, taking into consideration China's specific peculiarities.

Prague radio broadcast, July 11, 1957.

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1957 - Imperialist attack

It is no secret that the imperialists have tried, and will try again to attack the achievements of the workers. We must therefore strengthen international solidarity and the unity of the countries of the socialist camp.

Speech at Berlin; Neues Deutschland, August 14, 1957.

2. <u>German Democratic Republic</u>

1955 - GDR is the future

...the German Democratic Republic is the future, not only the future of the German people. Marx and Engels spoke of that future. We supported the German working people when they began to build their German Democratic Republic on a socialist basis.

Speech at meeting with Chancellor Adanauer in Moscow, September 10, 1955; Soviet radio broadcast, September 11, 1955.

3. Hungary

1956 - Youth

The rout of the counterrevolution in Hungary is ardently acclaimed by the working people of all the socialist countries and by progressive people the world over. It is well known that in their attempts to undermine the foundations of the people's democratic system, the enemies of socialism were relying primarily on the young people, trying to deceive them with false slogans and to deflect them from the correct path. In connection with this we must constantly increase our vigilance and pay more attention to the correct upbringing of young people.

Speech at a meeting of Moscow youth devoted to awarding of Order of Lenin to Young Communist League leaders; Pravda, November 10, 1956.

1957 - We will never leave our friends in the lurch

Not long ago the imperialist forces attempted to grapple with us by storm, organizing a counterrevolutionary rebellion in Hungary. But here also they did not succeed in accomplishing their black deed. The people of Hungary remained strong. All the brother peoples came to the help of the workers of Hungary. We have said and will say now that we will never leave our friends in the lurch, that we shall always defend the interests of the socialist countries, and if necessary, we shall pull our friends out of difficulty.

Speech at Bulgarian embassy; Pravda, February 20, 1957.

1957 - Don't trifle with us

Therefore we want to warn our enemies--don't trifle with us, don't feel us out with provocative putsches like the one that was engineered in Hungary. Certain elements in the foreign press are now theorizing about organizing a similar putsch in the German Democratic Republic. Don't miscalculate. We can hit back. Our German friends in the German Democratic Republic, our Polish, Czechoslovak, Hungarian, Albanian, Rumanian and Bulgarian friends, our Chinese friends and all our friends can rely on the Soviet Union just as we can rely on our friends. That is what friendship means--all for one and one for all.

Speech at April 19, 1957 reception in Polish embassy; Pravda, April 21, 1957.