and scientific/engineering programs in BASIC,²² FORTRAN IV,²³ and ALGOL.²⁴
One of the prime advantages of time-shared systems is the amount of
productive software available with each system. At no extra cost, SIMCOM
has available for students and faculty several hundred published software
programs, which result in significant savings in time and dollars compared
with the requirement of writing one's own program(s).

In addition to BASIC, FORTRAN, and ALGOL, SIMCOM plans to add TINT,
CAL, HELP, DDT, LISP, QED, SNOBOL, SYMBOLIC,²⁵ and a CAI compiler called
LYRIC.²⁶

The acceptance by ICAF students of the user's manual, and of working
at a terminal with no observers or instructors, has been outstanding.
Students previously unwilling to operate a terminal in front of their
peers are using the system in the new "unassisted" environment to such
a degree that SIMCOM budgets have required adjustment to provide funds
for unanticipated time-sharing costs.

Early problems encountered with the time-sharing systems included
busy signals due to insufficient lines or an inadequate communications
executive in the time-shared system. Down time on main systems is seldom
a problem with commercial systems, even short down times, however, reduce
system utility and user motivations.

Response times are too slow during peak usage periods on both govern-
ment and commercial systems. SIMCOM's judgment is that a delay of more
than 10 seconds is unacceptable. A maximum delay of 3 seconds is a
reasonable goal. Aborts during on-line programing (regardless of the
reason) sometimes require reprograming all the way back to the system
level. Better executive routines are needed to "save" programs automat-
ically, rather than forcing one back to system level. Line problems,
while not primarily a part of the time-shared system, are certainly a
part of the system as far as the user is concerned and should be
improved to reduce to near zero the parity difficulties which all too
frequently make communication between user and system impossible.

²²Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, developed at Dartmouth College by Professor John H. Kemeny.

²³FORmula TRANslation, Fourth generation.

²⁴ALGOrithmic Language (some authors: ALGebraic Oriented Language).

²⁵The new capabilities will be provided by DIAL DATA, a commercial time-sharing company with operations in the Boston and Washington areas. (TINT is time-shared JOVIAL, scheduled to be available on Rome Air Development Center's G.E. 635/645.)

²⁶A compiler to be used as a pre-FORTRAN compiler, developed by Doctors Leonard and Gloria Silvern, University of California, Los Angeles.

15

[LC]

FUTURE TIME-SHARING IMPROVEMENTS DESIRED

When one considers better time-sharing for the future, Professor Tom Schelling's<sup>27</sup> rhetorical question "How does one make a list of all the things he can't think of?" takes on pointed significance. One way to achieve such a list is to make a beginning. The following relevancies, little considered ten years ago, are good starting points.

Competition will probably drive the user cost to acceptable levels. So many new *time*-sharing companies are coming into existence, it is impossible to stay abreast of weekly numbers and their respective capabilities. This should result in improved service and reasonable cost. No doubt, companies poorly managed will fall by the wayside.

In addition to elimination of call-up delays and processing delays, more "push-button" type software must be developed for management-type users. Communications between consoles must be improved so that simulations can be monitored and controlled by the simulation's Control Team. That is, Control must maintain cognizance of all inter-team console messages, have the capability to deny messages prior to read-out by the recipient, and have the capability to maintain two-way communications with any or all teams at all times.

Consoles should be designed for at least three functions, each with variable capability. For example, the keyboard should offer the on-line programmer full capability and at the same time provide the novice with "push-button" type operation. There should be visual display, with the remote console using voice grade circuits with up to 2400 Baud<sup>28</sup> speed. The display should be color capable, with the color generator an integral part of the console. The third capability for tomorrow's console is hard-copy generation of data display. The printout capability should include total or selective hard copy, at the discretion of the user. It should not interfere with continuous use of the CRT.

Where ICAF has acquired multiple time-shared systems to provide reliability through redundancy, the successful commercial time-sharing companies of the future should provide this type of reliability as a part of their standard service.

Software for the user should be provided by the time-shared system in every increasing quantity, quality, and versatility. Certainly it

<sup>27</sup> Professor Thomas C. Schelling, Harvard Center for International Affairs, Consultant/Director for "Cold War Games" conducted during Minor's tour as Chief, Cold War Division, Joint War Games Agency, 1965/1966.

<sup>28</sup>Baud is an expression of BIT rate transmission. The 2400 Baud rate will fill a CRT in about 2 seconds.

16

[Lc]

should include many computer languages and programs in math, statistics, accounting, scientific applications, and engineering routines. In addition, the time-shared systems should provide complete simulation packages with self-instructional capabilities. There should also be large and versatile data bases to meet the needs of users from diverse disciplines. Eventually, the entire Library of Congress should be at the "finger tips" of the student, the researcher, and the scholar.

The amount of the central processing unit (CPU or "core") available to each user today is frequently too small. Time-shared systems of the future will probably solve this problem in a modular design which will be controlled by the system's executive routine in a manner not requiring the attention of the user, thus giving the illusion of unlimited capacity--analogous to the illusion of today's user that he is the only user on the system.

This paper has identified only a few of the problems associated with current time-shared systems. It does not claim a listing of all needed improvements. Perhaps, however, it may motivate capable specialists to attack some of the relevancies for improved time-sharing, especially where simulation as an educational tool is concerned.

17

December 9, 1968

The Honorable William W. Scranton
704 Northeastern National Bank Building
Scranton
Pa.

Dear Bill:

I have carefully followed the press reports on your
current visit to the Middle East and admired the tact and
good judgment of what you have said to reporters.

While my knowledge of that area is limited, I do share
with some better informed people the concern that there may
lie the greatest danger of a Soviet-American confrontation
leading to World War III. I am, therefore, happy that the
President-elect chose West Europe and the Middle East as the
two priority areas for your important missions.

I enclose copies of two letters to "The New York Times" that appeared during your absence. Each of them has a proposal that seems to me to have merit, but that is something on which your judgment will be far better than mine.

One of the things that reassures me about the orientation
of the President-elect on foreign affairs is that all three
advisors he has chosen to date - you, Bob Murphy and Henry
Kissinger - are leading signers of the Declaration of Atlantic
Unity.

With all best wishes, I am,

Encs.

["Enc.,", "Director\nWright Moore", "Baptist Church,", "With all best wishes, I am,", "Unity. - The Declaration of Atlantic Union - are leading signers of the Declaration of Independence. We have chosen to date - now, as did the Declaration signers of the United States - that all three of the President-elect on foreign affairs is that all three of the President-elect on the United States - now, as did the Declaration signers of the United States - that all three of the President-elect on the

DEC 6

[LC]
1968

Princeton University

ECONOMETRIC RESEARCH PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

207 DICKINSON HALL, PRINCETON, N.J. 08540

TELEPHONE 452-4031

December 3, 1968

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Department of Government
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Dear Henry:

I am delighted to learn about your appointment and I wish you much luck. This is a splendid assignment in which you can bring your gifts to bear to the benefit of all of us.

I hope you will not forget your old friends, and
I am

OM/gl

DEC 9 1968

Columbia University in the City of New York | New York, N.Y. 10025

EUROPEAN INSTITUTE

622 West 113th Street

December 6, 1968

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
7 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Mass.

Dear Henry:

I am, as you know, delighted that you have decided
to take on these new and great responsibilities. As I have
been telling people ever since election day, they must give
the President-elect a full opportunity, and I predicted that
he would show excellent judgment in choosing his major
advisers. My prediction is now being borne out in several
fields, and I wish you great success and great satisfaction
in your new and extremely important responsibilities.

With all best wishes,

P:p

P.S. Do not bother to reply to this brief note, Henry, as I know
how hard pressed you are for every minute during the transition.

DEC 6 1968

Room 384
Executive Office Building
17th & Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

December 4, 1968

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

I should like to convey my sincerest congratulations on your
designation as Special Assistant for National Security Affairs.
As one of your well-wishers here from the distaff side of the
NSC staff I wanted personally to extend a cordial welcome,
and to wish you every success. Please know you can always
count on my whole-hearted support and assistance.

DEC 8 1968

ANTOUN MUDARRI - EIGHTY-ONE KIRKLAND STREET - CAMBRIDGE 38, MASSACHUSETTS

December 3, 1968

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
419 Beacon St.
Boston, Mass

Dear Henry;

With great pride and joy I heard on the radio and television
and then I read in the newspapers that you have been appointed
by President Elect Richard M. Nixon as his assistant for national
security affairs.

Henry, this is indeed great, I am very happy and proud, I
knew all the time that you have the qualities to be a very strong
leader in the nation. Congratulations.

If at any time you think that I could be of any assistance
to you, please let me know.

Again, congratulations and the best of luck,

DEC 5

1968

DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY

PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA
15219

3 December 1968

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

Please accept my congratulations on
your appointment by the President Elect
which was announced yesterday.

I still recall with warmth and
affection a very happy year which I spent
at the Center, and the announcement of
your appointment gave great satisfaction
and pleasure to,

Institute of African Affairs
805 Bluff Street

DEC 12 1968

NICOLAS NABOKOV
450 West 20th St.
New York, N.Y.10011
USA

December 8, 1968

Dear Dr. Kissinger,

Remember me? I do sincerely hope that I haven't
disappeared entirely from your memory.

Nothing of late has given me more pleasure and
enhanced my feeling of confidence in the judicious judgment
of the Head of the oncoming Administration than the glorious
news of your appointment as one of the chief presidential
advisors. Please accept my warmest heartfelt congratulations.

When things will have settled a bit for you and after
a breezing trip through France, Italy, Germany and the USSR
that I am undertaking in a few weeks, and once you are instal-
led in Washington, may I come over and call on you some day?
I would so much like to submit to you a few observations I
have made during my long years of association with the Congress
of the United States of America, as cultural advisor of Willy Brandt
while he was mayor of Berlin and as someone who as of late
has been greatly concerned about and dealt with intellectual
and artistic exchanges between this country and the rest of
the world. Without any presumption I do think that I had
quite a lot of experience in this field, particularly since
I have been often travelling lately to the Soviet Union, to
the Middle-East etc. etc.

But presently I just want to tell you how elated
I was when I heard of your appointment, and also to give you
my present permanent New York address.

With warmest regards and best season's greetings,
I remain,

Prof. Dr. Henry Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
Cambridge, Mass. 02138

DEC 9 1968

הסוכנות היהודית, מחלקת העליה והקליטה

The Jewish Agency, Department of Immigration & Absorption

לשכת המנהל הכללי
Office of Director-General

December 3, 1968

Mr. Henry Kissinger
Harvard University
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge, Mass.
U. S. A.

Dear Henry:

Every newspaper and news broadcast in Israel is announcing
today — with genuine happiness, and even pride, that Mr.
Henry Kissinger has been appointed as a Special Assistant
for coordination of security and foreign affairs at The
White House by President-elect Nixon.

So you can imagine how happy and proud I am, that a good
friend of mine is "up there" in such an interesting, im-
portant, and decisive function. Knowing you as I do, I am
sure that your appointment is a guarantee of the success
of this office.

With my sincere congratulations, and best regards, I remain,

DEC 5

1968

CARLETON COLLEGE

NORTHFIELD, MINNESOTA

THE PRESIDENT

December 3, 1968

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Dear Henry:

Congratulations and best wishes on your
new adventure with President-Elect Nixon. It gives
me comfort to know that you will be advising him on
various international matters and on national security
issues. I hope you enjoy the assignment.

JWN:mm

ANDERSON, CLAYTON & CO., S.A.
INDÚSTRIA E COMERCIO

DEC 9 1968

[LC]

CAIXA POSTAL, 8171

SÃO PAULO-BRASIL

December 3, 1968

Mr. Henry A. Kissinger
471, Broadway
Harvard University
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. 02138

Dear Henry:

I was delighted to see this morning your picture with
President-elect Nixon in Brazil's most important
newspaper - and to read about your designation as the
President's Special Assistant for Matters of National
Security. This perhaps is not your exact new title as
I have just translated it from the Portuguese version
but I am fully aware of the exceptional role you will be
playing in the new United States Administration.

I was sincerely pleased with this news as I often recall
the days I spent at Harvard under your inspired guidance.
Our last meeting occurred in Rio, several years ago,
during your visit here, at a dinner given at the Embassy
Residence, by Prof. Lincoln Gordon, then the United
States Ambassador to Brazil.

With best wishes to you and the family for Christmas
and the New Year, I am,

TPN:yrp

P.S. - I am attaching the newspaper clipping.

EMBASSY OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Kabul, Afghanistan

DEC 23 1968

December 4, 1968

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Special Assistant to the President-Elect
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Dear Henry:

It was just about two years ago that you congratulated me
on my appointment as Ambassador to Afghanistan and now it
is my turn to return the compliment. I do so with enthusiasm
and great personal pleasure. I know very well your profound
knowledge of international affairs and the breadth of your
interest. I think the President-Elect showed a Midas touch
when he chose you for your new role.

Although I cannot be certain what my precise role will be
under the new administration I hope very much that it will
permit us to have frequent contact. I shall probably return
to Washington for consultation in the early part of the new
year and hope to see you then.

Until then please be assured of my best wishes and warm
personal regards.

DEC 9 1968

WERNER NEUMANN

12 SOUTH DRIVE
LARCHMONT, N. Y. 10538

December 4, 1968

Prof. Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
International Seminar
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Dear Henry (or Heinz):

I wish to send you my heartiest congratulations on your appointment by President-Elect Nixon as his Assistant for National Security Affairs. I cannot refrain from addressing you as per above, although I admittedly take the risk of your not remembering me. I am the son of Max Neumann, Schwabacher Strasse, and I instantly knew who was involved when your name first came into the news quite some years ago. I also remember your father and your older brother.

I have been observing your "Werdegang" with keen interest in the news media and through your books throughout the years, and may I add, with great pride that our native city has added another illustrious Jewish son to the pages of history.

Although I did not vote for him, I was greatly pleased that Mr. Nixon made this particular appointment. It is a signal honor for you, and I think it bodes well for his Administration.

Asheville (N.C.) times

12-3-28 (ic)

# Critics Silenced
By Saigon Regime

A censoring and crushing of a free press is not only an afflic-
tion of Communist countries.
Recently, in a 20-day period, the Saigon government suspended or indefinitely closed 10 newspapers.

We don't suppress news-
papers or free speech in this
country, why do we support
a government in South Viet-
nam that does this?

Editor's Note: I
be brief.
written.

Perhaps these newspapers
were telling the truth about
conditions in their country,
which the Nationalist govern-
ment didn't want aired.

But truth will out. The ques-
tion is: How long will it take
us to get wind of it? How long
will it take us to find out how
unpopular the Thieu-Ky govern-
ment is?

If we had a Mazaryk and an
Edward Benes, as did Czech-
oslovakia after World War I,
we would have the kind of
men and leaders with which
to build.

It is painfully evident that the
Vietnamese people must find
leaders to be trusted — then
our aid can be hopefully chann-
eled to them in rebuilding their
country.

Where freedom is crushed by
officials and generals we must
re-examine or shut off our sup-
port to such a government. This
certainly must be the responsi-
bility of our newly-elected Pres-
ident and the 91st Congress.

Charles H. Nixon

161 Rugby Forest Lane
Hendersonville

DEC 24 1968 [LC]

ROBBINS, NOYES & JANSEN
COUNSELLORS AT LAW

REGINALD L. ROBBINS
1900-1955
WALDO NOYES
THOMAS E. JANSEN, JR.
SUMNER R. ANDREWS
WALTER S. ROBBINS
PHILIP D. STEVENSON

19 CONGRESS STREET
BOSTON 02109

AREA CODE 617
TELEPHONE 523-0670

December 17, 1968

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
419 Beacon Street
Boston, Massachusetts

Dear Professor Kissinger:

The news is full of you these days, and I thought you might
be interested in the enclosed article about you in _The German Tribune_ of December 14, 1968. It shows an understanding
of your point of view and a sympathetic admiration of your
talent, which I share.

I still remember gratefully your courtesy in speaking to the
Boston Rotary Club in 1960 when I was President, and wish to
thank you again for your help at that time. I also remember
with shame the fact that I owe you a lunch, and that I have,
never had the opportunity of repaying it.

With all best wishes in your new assignment; I know you will
enjoy the challenge and give it your best.

Enclosure

to NY(Nancy)

<table><tr><td>CLASS OF SERVICE</td></tr><tr><td>This is a fast message unless its deferred character is indicated by the proper symbol.</td></tr></table>

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

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<table><tr><td>SYMBOLS</td></tr><tr><td>DL = Day Letter</td></tr><tr><td>NL = Night Letter</td></tr><tr><td>LT = International Letter Telegram</td></tr></table>

The filing time shown in the date line on domestic telegrams is LOCAL TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is LOCAL TIME at point of destination

617P EST DEC 03 68 BB163
B CDE 896 VIA RCA ZCZC WUC0873 BAN0382
URNX HL AYBA 045
BUENOSAIRES 45 3 1915

LT

HENRY KISSINGER HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGEMASSUSA

HAVE HEARD WONDERFUL NEWS WHILE HERE ON VISIT STOP CONGRATULATIONS AND BEST WISHES STOP THE COUNTRY IS FORTUNATE TO BE ABLE TO COUNT ON YOUR COUNSEL AND ASSISTANCE IN THE COMING DIFFICULT

YEARS STOP WARMEST PERSONAL REGARDS

JULIO NUNEZ

COLL BAN0382-LT

DEC 4 1968

SF1201(R2-65)