UNITED STATES NATIONAL STUDENT ASSOCIATION

Philip Sherburne, President

Reed Martin, Executive Assistant; Philip Werdell, Director of Programming; Michael Wood, Director of Development; Hendrik Hertzberg, Editorial Director; Herbert H. Denton, Jr., Public Information Director; Edward Wallace, Controller; Ernestine Potter, Executive Secretary; Lucille Takesue, Campus Liason.

James A. Johnson, National Affairs Vice President

Stephen Arons, Civil Rights; William Bergquist, Educational Affairs; Marcia Conary, Special Campus Studies; Timothy Correll, Eighteen Year-Old Vote Campaign; Rachelle Diener, Assistant in Community Involvement; Lawrence Handel, Student Services; Roland Liebert, Campus Environmental Studies; Mary Meehan, Student Government Information Service; Walt Senterfitt, Director of Community Involvement; Stephen Sunderland, Academic Freedom; Arthur Wiener, Cultural Affairs.

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National Supervisory Board: Pete Wales, Chairman, Chicago Law School; Dennis Antenore, U.C.L.A.; Danny Boggs, Chicago Law School; Sam Brown, Rutgers the State University; Jeff Greenfield, Yale Law School; John Gwinn, Chicago Law School; Jean Hoefer, South Carolina School of Law; Mary Morell, Xavier University; Edward Schwartz, N.Y.U. School of Communications; Richard Stearns, Stanford.

National Advisers: Arthur S. Flemming, President, University of Oregon; Sidney Hertzberg, Free Lance Writer; Rev. T. M. Hesburgh, C.S.C., President, University of Notre Dame; Russell Kirk, Editor, The University Bookman; Robert H. Shaffer, Dean of Students, Indiana University; Milton Shapp, Chairman of the Board, Jerrold Electronics; Philip H. DesMarais, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Department of Health, Education and Welfare; Glen T. Nygreen, President, National Association of Student-Personnel Administrators; Martha Peterson, President, National Association of Women Deans and Counselors; Joseph Kaufman, Dean of Students, University of Wisconsin; E. G. Williamson, Dean of Students, University of Minnesota; E. Richard Covert, Assistant to Dean of Students, Queens College; John J. Prior, Dean of Students, Pratt Institute; Kenneth Keniston, Professor of Psychology, Yale University; Wilton Pruitt, Dean of Student Personnel Services, Trenton State College.

Affiliated With: American Council on Education; International Student Conference; U. S. Commission for UNESCO; World University Service; Council on Student Travel; U. S. Youth Council; United Nations Association; National Scholarship Service & Fund for Negro Students; Leadership Conference on Civil Rights; International University Sports Federation (FISU); National Committee on Agricultural Life and Labor.

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Mr. Henry V. Klaarner
Secretary to

Sincerely yours,

Dear from him.
will be in touch with you as soon as I
explain just what it is you want. I
I am writing him today and will
"The Policymaker and the Intellectual".
excerpted material from his article,
det his permission for you to reprint
call me later today so I was not able to
Unsquare, Mr. Klaarner didn't

Dear Miss Darling:

Washington, D.C.
2112 B Street, N.W.
United States National Student Association
Director of International Programs
Miss Martha Darling

July 14, 1966

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
AIR WAR COLLEGE (AU)
MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA 36112

7 SEP 1966

Editorial Office
The Reporter Magazine Company
660 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10021

Gentlemen

Re: 67-3

An article by Henry A. Kissinger entitled "The Policy-
maker and the Intellectual" is being considered by the
Air University as required reading for our students.
This article appeared in *The Reporter*, March 5, 1959
issue.

Request your permission to reprint and use this article
for the purpose stated above, royalty free. Appropriate
credit will appear on the cover of each copy.

A self-addressed, postage free envelope is inclosed for
your convenience in replying.

PUBLISHER'S PERMISSION

1. Granted (✓)

2. Denied ( )

September 26, 1966

Date

By:

Strength Through Knowledge

Henry V. Klaasen

Kind regards.

you and beat.

willing to reduce my fee to $85 as
in your letter of March 25th, I am
circumstances which you mentioned
in the light of the abscissal

Dear Mrs. Wella:

Indianapolis, Indiana 46206
4300 West 62nd Street
The Bobba-Merrill Company, Inc.
Bobba-Merrill Reprints
Editorial Assistant
Mrs. Helen Wella

March 30, 1966

ESTABLISHED 1838
THE BOBBS·MERRILL COMPANY·INC. · PUBLISHERS

4300 WEST 62ND STREET · INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46206

WILLIAM H. Y. HACKETT, JR.
DIRECTOR

CLAUDE B. MCCALEB
EXECUTIVE EDITOR

COLLEGE DIVISION

March 25, 1966

MAR 28 1966

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Dear Professor Kissinger:

Please forgive the long delay in acknowledging your letter
of February 14 regarding our request for permission to
reprint, "The Congress of Vienna: A Reappraisal," in The
Bobbs-Merrill Reprint Series in European History.

According to the information we have the article is 17
pages in length and would sell for 25 cents. We are
prepared to pay a permission fee of $5.00 per page to reprint
your article. I realize this is less than the $100.00 fee
you mention in your letter but due to the economics of publish-
ing such modestly priced items as our Reprints prohibits our
paying a higher fee.

We offer this for your consideration and hope that you will
be able to grant us permission.

P.S. Each author automatically receives ten copies of
each of his articles reprinted in The Reprint Series.

subsidiary of HOWARD W. SAMS & CO., INC.

February 14, 1966

Mrs. Helen Wells
Editorial Assistant
Bobbs-Merrill Reprints
4300 West 62nd Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46206

Dear Mrs. Wells:

Thank you for your letter of February 9th about
reprinting my article entitled "The Congress of Vienna:
A Reappraisal," which appeared in WORLD POLITICS
in 1956.

My minimum fee for giving you permission to
reprint the article is $100. If this is agreeable to
you, you are welcome to use it.

Kind regards.

Gentlemen:

I am preparing a college textbook on AMERICAN GOVERNMENT IN ACTION, NATIONAL STATE, AND LOCAL to be published by Dickenson Publishing Company, Inc., and I should like to include the following material.

Title: "The Policymaker and the Intellectual"
Author: Henry A. Kissinger
Copyright date: 1959
On pages numbered: Entire Article
Opening words: 
Closing words:

May I please have your permission to include the material in my book and in future revisions and editions thereof, including nonexclusive world rights in all languages. These rights in no way restrict publication of your material in any other form by you or others authorized by you. Should you not control these rights in their entirety, would you please let me know where else to write?

We plan to use the following credit line, unless you specify another form:

From The Reporter, March 5, 1959. Copyright 1959 by The Reporter Magazine Company. Reprinted by permission.

I would appreciate your consent to this request, at your earliest convenience. A release form is given below, and a copy of this request is enclosed for your files. It is understood that permission is granted for a fee of $100.

Date April 12, 1966

March 28, 1966

Mr. Karl M. Schmidt
Associate Professor
Department of Political Science
Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship
and Public Affairs
Syracuse University
Syracuse, New York 13210

Dear Mr. Schmidt:

Thank you for your letter of
March 10th.

I would be glad to grant you
permission to reprint "The Policymaker
and the Intellectual" from *The Reporter*,
March 5, 1959 upon payment of $100.

Kind regards.

Henry A. Klaasen

Sincerely yours,

Kind regards.

March 3, 1969 upon payment of $100.
and the Intellectuals" from The Reporter,
permission to reprint "The Policymaker
I would be glad to grant you

March 10th.

Thank you for your letter of

Dear Mr. Schmidt:

Barracuda, New York 13310
Barracuda University

and Public Affairs

Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship
Department of Political Science

Associate Professor

Mr. Karl M. Schmidt

March 28, 1969

US ARMY WAR COLLEGE

CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA 17013
LIBRARY

23 January 1964

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Harvard University Center for
International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

We have been informed by THE REPORTER MAGAZINE that we should get
permission from you as the author to reproduce in 350 copies the materi-
al shown below in a selected readings booklet to be distributed to each
student and faculty member for use in the course on "Strategic Military
Concepts and Capabilities," during the school year 1963/64.

"NATO's Nuclear Dilemma," THE REPORTER,
28 March 1963, pp 22-37.

If you will grant us the necessary permission, we shall be most
grateful. Use will be limited to the US Army War College and credit
will be given on the reproductions to you as the author, and THE
REPORTER as the publisher. It is possible this material will be needed
during the two succeeding school years for the same purpose. Could
permission be granted on the basis of use by the US Army War College
during this and the next two school years? In any event, we would
appreciate receiving permission for the 1963/64 school year.

RW:jec

October 6, 1965

Professor A. Gaylord Obern
Director of Special Training
Graduate School of Public and
International Affairs
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania

Dear Professor Obern:

Thank you for your letter of
October 1st requesting permission
to reproduce my article from <u>Harper's</u>
March, 1965, "The Illusionist: Why
We Misread de Gaulle." As far as
I am concerned I give you permission
but you must also check this with
<u>Harper's</u>.

Henry V. Klaasen

Sincerely yours,

Harber's.

but you must also check this with
I am concerned I give you permission
We Miread de Gaille." Ya far as
March, 1962, "The Illusionist: Why
to reproduce my article from Harber's
October 1st requesting permission
Thank you for your letter of

Dear Professor Opern:

Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh
International Affairs
Graduate School of Public and
Director of Special Training
Professor V. Gaylord Opern

October 6, 1962

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
PITTSBURGH 13, PENNSYLVANIA

October 1, 1965

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Harvard Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

Thank you for your letter. I would also like to ask your permission to reproduce your article from Harper's Magazine, March, 1965, "The Illusionist: Why We Misread de Gaulle." It will be used for the same executive institute as the other.

Thank you.

Henry V. Kieisinger

Sincerely yours,

Kind regards.

check with them.
the copyright permission so you had better
agreeable to me but The Reporter holds
As far as I am concerned this is

published in *The Reporter* on April 22, 1963.
"The Price of German Unity," which was
permission to reproduce my article entitled
Thank you for your letter requesting

Dear Mr. Opern:

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh
Attorneys
Graduate School of Public and International
Director of Special Training
International Attorneys
Associate Professor of Public and
Mr. A. Gaylord Opern

September 22, 1962

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15213

CABLE ADDRESS: GSPIA, PITTSBURGHPENN, USA

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
The Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Sir:

I am seeking permission to reproduce your article "The Price of German Unity," published in the _Reporter_, April 22, 1965.

I would like to use this excerpt for an executive overseas training program this coming fall.

If permission is granted, the text would be stenciled, with proper credit to publisher and author. Distribution will be limited to academic students and institute participants, and no direct charges would be made for the material.

We would very much appreciate hearing from you as soon as possible.

June 25, 1965

The Reporter
660 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10021

JUN 28 REC'D

Dear Sirs:

I am writing to ask permission to use the following selection in a
reader entitled The Politics of American Public Administration which Dodd,
Mead and Co. will publish in the spring of 1966:

Henry Kissinger, "The Policymaker and the Intellectual," The Reporter,
March 5, 1959, pp. 30-35. I would plan to delete the first three
paragraphs.

Please note that I am primarily interested in the United States and
Canadian rights, but that I would also like to have world rights in order
to make my book available to interested foreign scholars.

I should also like to point out that I am trying to put together a
serious comprehensive reader for a very limited academic market -- public
administration courses in political science departments. My current esti-
mate is that the reader will approximate 500-550 pages, so it will not aim
at such tangential mass markets as the basic American government course.
Although the market is thus expected to be very modest, Dodd, Mead has
agreed to do everything possible to keep the price down. I hope that you
will take these factors into account when setting the permission fee.

Needless to say, full credit will be given. If you wish a certain
wording, please indicate it in your reply.

JG

cc: Professor Henry Kissinger

Administrative Stagnation

One of the paradoxes of an increasingly specialized, bureaucratized society is that the qualities rewarded in the rise to eminence are less and less the qualities required once eminence is reached. Specialization encourages administrative and technical skills, which are not necessarily related to the vision and creativity needed for leadership. The essence of good administration is co-ordination among the specialized functions of a bureaucracy. The task of the executive is to infuse and occasionally to transcend routine with purpose. ...

Our executives are shaped by a style of life that inhibits reflectiveness. For one of the characteristics of a society based on specialization is the enormous work load of its top personnel. The smooth functioning of the administrative apparatus absorbs more energies than the definition of criteria on which decision is based. Issues are reduced to their simplest terms. Decision making is increasingly turned into a group effort. The executive's task is conceived as choosing among administrative proposals in the formulation of which he has no part and with the substance of which he is often unfamiliar. A premium is placed on "presentations" which take the least effort to grasp and which in practice usually mean oral "briefing." (This accounts for the emergence of the specialist in "briefings" who prepares charts, one-page summaries, etc.) In our society the policymaker is dependent to an increasing extent on his subordinates' conception of the essential elements of a problem....

Philosophical conviction and psychological bias thus combine to produce in and out of government a penchant for policymaking by committee. The obvious insurance against the possibility of error is to obtain as many opinions as possible. And unanimity is important, in that its absence is a standing reminder of the tentativeness of the course adopted. The committee approach to decision making is often less an organizational device than a spiritual necessity.

In this manner, policy is fragmented into a series of ad hoc decisions which make it difficult to achieve a sense of direction. Even to profit from experience. Substantive problems are transformed into, subjected to "objective" tests which deprive it of spontaneity. "Policy" *tends* to become * problems* *involves* *the future* *of* *momentum is confused with purpose* *there is greater concern with things mattering* *the* *inflation is created* *that we can vote, perceive* *are presently judgment and responsible* *has the final determinant of* *policy* *"Policy planning" becomes the projection of familiar problems into the future. Momentum is confused with purpose. There is greater concern with how things are than with which things matter. The illusion is created that we can avoid recourse to personal judgment and responsibility as the final determinant of policy....

The committee system not only has a tendency to ask the wrong questions, it also puts a premium on the wrong qualities. The committee process is geared to the pace of conversation. Even where the agenda is composed of memoranda, these are prepared primarily as a background for discussion, and they stand and fall on the skill with which they are presented. Hence quickness of comprehension is more important than reflectiveness, fluency more useful than creativeness. The ideal "committee man" does not make his associates uncomfortable; he does not operate with ideas too far outside of what is generally accepted. Thus the thrust of committees is toward a standard of average performance. Since a complicated idea cannot be easily absorbed by ear—particularly when it is new—committees lean toward what fits in with the most familiar experience of their members. They therefore produce great pressure in favor of the status quo. Committees are consumers and sometimes sterilizers of ideas, rarely creators of them....

The contribution of the intellectual to policy is therefore in terms of
criteria that he has played a minor role in establishing. He is rarely given
the opportunity to point out that a query delimits a range of possible solutions
or that an issue is posed in irrelevant terms. He is asked to solve problems,
not to contribute to the definition of goals. Where decisions are arrived at
by negotiation, the intellectual—particularly if he is not himself part of the
bureaucracy—is a useful weight in the scale. He can serve as a means to filter
ideas to the top outside of organization channels of as a legitimizer for the
viewpoint of contending factions within and among departments. This is why many
organizations build up batteries of outside experts or create semi-independent
research groups, and why articles or books become tools in the bureaucratic
struggle. In short, all too often what the policymaker wants from the intel-
lectual is not ideas but endorsement....

Our policymakers do not lack advice; they are in many respects overwhelmed by it. They do lack criteria on which to base judgments. In the absence of commonly understood and meaningful standards, all advice tends to become equivalent. In seeking to help the bureaucracy out of this maze, the intellectual too frequently becomes an extension of the administrative machine, accepting its criteria and elaborating its problems....

One reason why intellectuals outside the administrative machines have not made a greater contribution is that for them protest has too often become an end in itself. Whether they have withdrawn by choice or because of the nature of their society, many intellectuals have confused the issues by simplifying them too greatly. They have refused to recognize that policymaking involves not only the clear conception of ideas but also the management of men. In the process analysis has been too often identified with policymaking....

The intellectual must therefore decide not only whether to participate in the administrative process but also in what capacity: whether as an intellectual or as an administrator. If he assumes the former role, it is essential for him to retain the freedom to deal with the policymaker from a position of independence and to reserve the right to assess the policymaker's demands in terms of his own standards. Paradoxically, this may turn out to be also most helpful to the policymaker. For the greater the bureaucratization and the more eminent the policymaker, the more difficult it is to obtain advice in which substantive considerations are not submerged by or at least identified with organizational requirements....

Kissinger, Henry A., "The Policymaker and the Intellectual,"
The Reporter, (March 5, 1959) p.

REQUEST FOR PERMISSION

Gentlemen:

EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION, AN INTRODUCTION

In our book, __________, designed for international distribution as a textbook, and scheduled for publication in __________, by Charles E. Merrill Books, Inc., we should like to include the following from your publication:

THE REPORTER

(136 N. 57th St. N.Y. 22)

Title

Copyright

Henry A. Kissinger

Author(s)

Address(es)

Title of Work

Which appeared in __________, March 5, 1959

Journal volume, date, edition

From page ___, line ___, beginning with the words, "___________________________,"

to page ___, line ___, ending with the words, "___________________________"

Paraphrases, synopses, or __condensations__ from pages __________

Halftones and/or linecuts appearing on pages __________

Unpublished letters, speeches, or photographs __________

This request shall include all future revisions and editions thereof in all languages. Of course, proper acknowledgment of title, author, publisher, and copyright date will be given. Your consideration of this request will be greatly appreciated,

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Address

PLEASE USE RELEASE FORM BELOW

The permission to quote is granted on the terms stated in this letter.

Date

Name __________

Address __________

D-213/R

## Administrative Stagnation

One of the paradoxes of an increasingly specialized, bureaucratized society is that the qualities rewarded in the rise to eminence are less and less the qualities required once eminence is reached. Specialization encourages administrative and technical skills, which are not necessarily related to the vision and creativity needed for leadership. The essence of good administration is co-ordination among the specialized functions of a bureaucracy. The task of the executive is to infuse and occasionally to transcend routine with purpose....

In this manner, policy is fragmented into a series of ad hoc decisions which make it difficult to achieve a sense of direction. And even to profit from experience. Substantive problems are transformed into, subjected to "objective" tests which deprive it of spontaneity.

"Policy" is the familiar problems that beset the future. The confusion between purpose and means, the greater concept than the future, the confusion between the means and the ends, the confusion between the can and the can't, the illusion that we can avoid courses of personal judgment and responsibility as the final determinant of policy.

The committee system not only has a tendency to ask the wrong questions, it also puts a premium on the wrong qualities. The committee process is geared to the pace of conversation. Even where the agenda is composed of memoranda, these are prepared primarily as a background for discussion, and they stand and fall on the skill with which they are presented. Hence quickness of comprehension is more important than reflectiveness, fluency more useful than creativeness. The ideal "committee man" does not make his associates uncomfortable; he does not operate with ideas too far outside of what is generally accepted. This thrust of committees is toward a standard of average performance. Since a complicated idea cannot be easily absorbed by ear—particularly when it is new—committees lean toward what fits in with the most familiar experience of their members. They therefore produce great pressure in favor of the status quo. Committees are consumers and sometimes sterilizers of ideas, rarely creators of them....

April 22, 1965

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

GEORGETOWN Dear Dr. Kissinger:

I am preparing a college textbook on AMERICAN NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN ACTION to be published by Dickenson Publishing Company, Inc., and I should like to include the following material.

Title: "The Policy Maker and the Intellectual"
Author: Henry Kissinger
Copyright date: March 5, 1959
On pages numbered: complete article
Opening words:
Closing words:

May I please have your permission to include the material in my book and in future revisions and editions thereof, including nonexclusive world rights in all languages. These rights in no way restrict republication of your material in any other form by you or others authorized by you. Should you not control these rights in their entirety, would you please let me know where else to write?

Henry Kissinger, "The Policy Maker and the Intellectual"
Reprinted from The Reporter. Copyright 1959 by The Reporter
Magazine Company.

Note: The Reporter has no
objection for the use of
the article.

I (We) grant permission for use of the material requested above.

Date 5/20/65

RAND M&NALLY & COMPANY

printers • publishers • mapmakers

P.O. BOX 7600, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60680

March 4, 1965

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Dear Professor Kissinger:

Enclosed is our check for $25.00 to cover the fee
for permission to reprint your article "The Policy-
maker and the Intellectual" in COMPONENTS OF DEFENSE
POLICY, edited by Davis B. Bobrow.

Permission for this use was granted by you in a leb-
ter to Professor Bobrow dated April 29, 1964, and by
The Reporter on May 21, 1964.

The book will be published the end of April, and a
copy will be sent to you then.

We very much appreciate your allowing this use of
the article.

Enclosure

8255 CENTRAL PARK AVENUE
SKOKIE, ILLINOIS 60076
(312) 267-6868 (CHICAGO)
(312) 673-9100 (SKOKIE)

Date

Henry V. Kieatinger.

I (me) grant permission for use of the material requested above.

John W. Hennessey, Jr.

For: John B. Moss, Wayne C. Broepl, Jr., Robert H. Great,

Professor of Business Administration
Arthur B. Moss

for your time.

squeezed envelope is enclosed. The coupon of due letter is
your convenience a release form is given below, and a self-
Your consent to due release will be quickly obtained. For

The Reporter (March 2, 1926), pp. 30-32, as b. 32.

Henry V. Kieatinger, "The Policy Maker and the Intellectual."

paffet in the sign of the flagrant."

"The greatest cause of intelligence ... long-brooded
beginning,
on b. 32.

thereof in still further: 31 lines from the last paragraph
to see in our book and in future revisions and editions

The Reporter (March 2, 1926), pp. 30-32.

Kieatinger, Henry V. "The Policy Maker and the Intellectual."

your permission to include the following material from
be published in G.B. Summ's son. May we please have
We are writing a book on the needs of policy process to

Conclusion:

New York, New York 10001

CPO Macdonald Avenue

The Reporter Magazine

March 10, 1926

DARTMOUTH COLLEGE • HANOVER • NEW HAMPSHIRE
The Amor Tuck School of Business Administration

Hofstra
University

HEMPSTEAD, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK. 11550

SECOND REQUEST

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Street
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Sir:

My colleague, Charles Brauner of Ohio State University, and I are writing a textbook on philosophy of education, hopefully to be published next year by Prentice-Hall.

At this time we solicit your permission to use the material (Xeroxed from our typescript) attached to the enclosed copy of this letter. May we please do so?

Unless you wish otherwise, our credit lines will generally follow this model:

Name of author, title (of article and/or book), place of publication, publisher, date and page reference, to be accompanied by the phrase "Quoted by permission of the publisher."

We would appreciate your kindness in granting us the permission we seek. In the hope that you will, we have taken the liberty of reproducing a release form below which should be returned to us in the enclosed envelope.

4. Henry A. Kissinger, "The Policymaker and the Intellectual," *The Reporter*, 20:30-5 (March 5, 1959), pp. 30.

In a perceptive article, "The Policy-maker and the Intellectual,"

Henry Kissinger describes the consequences of valuing creativity only at certain levels or for certain purposes:

> One of the paradoxes of an increasingly specialized, bureau-
> cratized society is that the qualities rewarded in the rise
> to eminence are less and less the qualities required once
> eminence is reached . . . . While the head of an organiza-
> tion requires a different outlook from that of his admini-
> strative subordinates, he must generally be recruited from
> their ranks.⁴

Hofstra
University

Dr. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
Harvard University
6 Divinity Street
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Dear Sir: