GOVERNMENTAL
AFFAIRS
INSTITUTE

GOVERNING BOARD

JOHN H. ROMANI, Chairman of the Board
Associate Vice President,
University of Michigan

DON BOWEN
Public Affairs Associations Study

ROBERT D. BUGHER
Executive Director,
American Public Works Association

WILLIAM N. CASSELLA
Executive Director, National Municipal League

R. TAYLOR COLE
Professor, Duke University

CHARLES F. CONLON
Executive Director,
Federation of Tax Administrators

PAUL V. CORUSY
Executive Director,
International Assoc. of Assessing Officers

BREVARD E. CRINFIELD
Executive Director,
Council of State Governments

LUTHER H. GULICK
Chairman, Institute of Public Administration

PATRICK HEALY
Executive Vice President,
National League of Cities

D. GALE JOHNSON
Dean, Social Sciences, University of Chicago

GUY R. JUSTIS
Director, American Public Welfare Association

MARK E. KEANE
Executive Director,
International City Management Association

EUGENE CANFIELD LEE
Director, Institute of Governmental Studies,
University of California

MALCOLM C. MOOS
President, University of Minnesota

JOHN A. PERKINS
Professor, Northwestern University

H. G. POPE
Executive Director,
Public Administration Service

DON K. PRICE, JR.
Dean, John F. Kennedy School of Government,
Harvard University

ALAN C. RANKIN
President, Indiana State University

B. MICHAEL RAUH
Attorney, Landis, Cohen, Singman and Rauh

RICHARD L. SANDERSON
Executive Director,
Building Officials Conference of America

ELMER BOYD STAATS
Comptroller General of the United States

ELVIS J. STARR
President, The National Audubon Society

ISRAEL STOLLMAN
Executive Director,
American Society of Planning Officials

KENNETH O. WARNER
Executive Director,
Public Personnel Association

H. G. POPE
President

H. L. MOORE
Vice President and Treasurer

EDMOND F. RICKETTS
Vice President

JOHN GEISE
Director, Special Studies

DEAN B. MAHIN
Director, International Visitors Service

HIRAM S. PHILLIPS
Director, Management Services

KISSINGER, HENRY A

1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

Telephone (202) 833-2500 • Cable: GAI Washington, D. C.

March 9, 1972

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20500

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

It is my pleasure to write you regarding Mr. Edouard Saab of Lebanon, Editor-in-Chief, L'ORIENT-LE JOUR Newspaper. The French newspaper is one of the more influential in the Middle East. Our guest has a knowledge of many of the national leaders of the Middle East. He is delightful and energetic with a very pleasant style. He is able to discuss the relationship between Israel and Lebanon with candor and knowledge. Since he speaks French and Arabic he is escorted by Mr. David Serchak, escort-interpreter for the Department of State.

One of the most important goals of Mr. Saab's visit to the United States is a dialogue with you. Yours was the only name on his list of requests from the Embassy in Beirut. Fortunately, while he was in Washington the first time he did meet with Mr. Harold Saunders. Mr. Saunders was given a letter of introduction to forward to you.

During the remaining time of his twenty-five day visit I would suggest the possibility that we could fly him to Washington from New York anytime between the nineteenth and twenty-sixth of March. If your schedule permits, this would be the highlight of his trip. Because of Mr. Saab's knowledge of the leaders of the Middle East and his apparent desire to be a moderating force, I feel that it would be a tradegry if this opportunity were missed.

Our guest is also a very good friend of Mr. Joseph Kraft of the Washington Post, who is at the present moment returning from Peking. Mr. Kraft could varify his importance in the Middle East. If we do not hear from your office by Friday, March 17, we will take the liberty of calling. With deep appreciation.

Very truly yours,

Mr. Ferdinand A. Thar
International Visitor Service

FAT:ksj
Enclosure

RECEIVED
MAR 22 1972

CENTRAL FILES

1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036 • Telephone (202) 833-2500

BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION on Mr. Edouard SAAB of Lebanon, a participant
in the International Visitor Program of the Department of State. He
is accompanied by Mr. David Serchak, Department of State Escort-Interpreter.
The program is being arranged by Mr. Ferdinand A. Thar.
March 1972

NAME: Edouard Halim SAAB

PRESENT POSITION: Editor-in-Chief, L'ORIENT-LE JOUR Newspaper
(a morning daily with a circulation of 20,000)
Middle East Correspondent for LE MONDE (Paris),
L'EXPRESS (Paris), and JOURNAL DE GENEVE (Geneve)

PAST POSITIONS: Editor-in-Chief, LE JOUR, 1965-1971
In 1971 LE JOUR merged with L'ORIENT to
become L'ORIENT-LE JOUR.
Editor-in-Chief, COMMERCE DU LEVANT, 1961-1965
Foreign Editor, LE'ORIENT, 1955-1961.

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND: Degree in History, St. Joseph University, 1954
Doctorate in Law, St. Joseph University, 1966

PUBLICATIONS: La Syrie où la Révolution dous le ranceur,
publ. Julliard, France, 1967
Les Deux Exodes, publ. De Noël, France, 1968

TRAVELS: Arab Nations; Western Europe; Canada

PERSONAL DATA:

<table><tr><td>Born</td><td>17 November 1929 - Latakia, Syria</td></tr><tr><td>Family</td><td>Married; three children (one son and two daughters)</td></tr><tr><td>Languages</td><td>Arabic and French</td></tr><tr><td>Religion</td><td>Catholic (Maronite)</td></tr><tr><td>Interests</td><td>Museums- music</td></tr><tr><td>Address</td><td>L'ORIENT-LE JOUR<br>Beirut, Lebanon</td></tr></table>

NAME: Edouard Halim SAAB

PERSONAL DATA:

Born 17 November 1929 - Latakia, Syria

Family Married; three children (one son and two daughters)

Languages Arabic and French

Religion Catholic (Maronite)

Interests Museums- music

Address L'ORIENT-LE JOUR
Beirut, Lebanon

**NAME:** Edouard Halim SAAB

**PRESENT POSITION:** Editor-in-Chief, L'ORIENT-LE JOUR Newspaper (a morning daily with a circulation of 20,000)
Middle East Correspondent for LE MONDE (Paris), L'EXPRESS (Paris), and JOURNAL DE GENEVE (Geneve)

**PAST POSITIONS:**
Editor-in-Chief, LE JOUR, 1965-1971
In 1971 LE JOUR merged with L'ORIENT to become L'ORIENT-LE JOUR.
Editor-in-Chief, COMMERCE DU LEVANT, 1961-1965
Foreign Editor, LE'ORIENT, 1955-1961.

**ACADEMIC BACKGROUND:**
Degree in History, St. Joseph University, 1954
Doctorate in Law, St. Joseph University, 1966

**PUBLICATIONS:**
La Syrie où la Révolution dous le ranceur, publ. Julliard, France, 1967
Les Deux Exodes, publ. De Noël, France, 1968

**TRAVELS:** Arab Nations; Western Europe; Canada

**PERSONAL DATA:**

**Born** 17 November 1929 - Latakia, Syria

**Family** Married; three children (one son and two daughters)

**Languages** Arabic and French

**Religion** Catholic (Maronite)

**Interests** Museums- music

**Address** L'ORIENT-LE JOUR
Beirut, Lebanon

ORIGIN/ACTION

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

AIRGRAM

FOR RM USE ONLY

A-047

UNCLASSIFIED

HANDLING INDICATOR

TO : Department of State, Washington DC
RECEIVED
DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

FEB 14 10 11 AM 1972

FROM : American Embassy, Beirut, RS/AN
ANALYSIS BRANCH, DATE: February 8, 1972

SUBJECT : EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE: COMMUNICATIONS:
Nomination of IV Grantee Edouard SAAB

REF :

The Embassy nominates Mr. Edouard Saab, Editor-in-Chief of "L'Orient-Le Jour" daily French newspaper, for a full FY-72 grant. Mr. Saab indicates he is most able to travel to the U.S. in March 1972.

Mr. Saab is editor-in-chief of the largest and most influential French language newspaper published in Beirut, and is also the Middle East correspondent for "Le Monde" and "Express" (Paris) and "Journal of Geneve." He is among the most respected French language commentators in Lebanon.

A French-trained journalist who is known for his pro-western orientation, Mr. Saab is not uncritical of the west and of United States policies on occasion and his frontpage editorials exert a far-reaching influence in Lebanon and throughout the Middle East.

A trip to the United States, a country he has not visited, would enhance his knowledge of American political, social and economic realities. He should be able to meet and exchange ideas with political leaders, columnists and writers, especially those with editorial responsibilities in the field of magazine publishing and in weekly supplements of daily papers. He would like to have foreign policy related interviews with State Department officials, and also particularly with Henry Kissinger.

UNCLASSIFIED

FOR DEPT. USE ONLY

☑ In

☐ Out

<table><tr><td>RM/R</td><td>REP</td><td>AF</td></tr><tr><td>ARA</td><td>EUR</td><td>FE</td></tr><tr><td>NEA</td><td>CU</td><td>INR</td></tr><tr><td>E</td><td>P</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>L</td><td>FBO</td><td>AID</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>c/yr</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AGR</td><td>COM</td><td>FRB</td></tr><tr><td>INT</td><td>LAB</td><td>TAR</td></tr><tr><td>TR</td><td>XMB</td><td>AIR</td></tr><tr><td>ARMY</td><td>CIA</td><td>NAVY</td></tr><tr><td>OSD</td><td>USIA</td><td>NSA</td></tr><tr><td>NSC</td><td>FBI</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

1972 FEB 14 AM 11 13

COPYFLG-PBR

FORM 4-62 DS-323

Drafted by:

USIS: CAO Creditsian: am

Clearances:

USIS: PAO: PBrooke

Contents and Classification Approved by:

DCM: RBHoughton

H. G. POPE

President

H. L. MOORE

Vice President and Treasurer

EDMOND F. RICKETTS

Vice President

JOHN GEISE

Director, Special Studies

DEAN B. MAHIN

Director, International Visitor Service

HIRAM S. PHILLIPS

Director, Management Services

March 9, 1972

GOVERNING BOARD

JOHN H. ROMAN, Chairman of the Board
Associate Vice President,
University of Michigan

BREVARD E. CRIHFIELD
Executive Director,
Council of State Governments

DON K. PRICE, JR.
Dean, John F. Kennedy School of Governm
Harvard University

ELVIS J. STAHR
President, The National Audubon Society

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

It is my pleasure to write you regarding Mr. Edouard Saab of Lebanon, Editor-in-Chief, L'ORIENT-LE JOUR Newspaper. The French newspaper is one of the more influential in the Middle East. Our guest has a knowledge of many of the national leaders of the Middle East. He is delightful and energetic with a very pleasant style. He is able to discuss the relationship between Israel and Lebanon with candor and knowledge. Since he speaks French and Arabic he is escorted by Mr. David Serchak, interpreter for the Department of State.

Very truly yours,

FAT:ksj

Enclosure

cc: Joseph Kraft

Washington Post

Washington Post

cc: Joseph Kraft

Eucioane

AVT:ka!

International Viceroy Service
Mr. Ferdinand A. Tuar

Very truly yours,

Public Relations Association

Executive Director,

KEVIN O'KEANE
National Society of Manners Officials

Executive Director,

JEREMY GLOFTMAN
President, The National Association

ERIK BORDSTAL
Controller, General of the United States

FRED BOND
Building Officials Conference of America

RICHARD F. SYNDERSON

ATTORNEY, Lourdes, Cohn, Zinman and Karp
B. MICHAEL RAYH

President, Judkins State University

LYNN C. KREKIN

Howard University

DON K. BURKE, Jr.

Public Administration Service
Executive Director,

H. G. PONG

Pleszczer, Northwestern University
President, University of Minnesota

WILTON C. MOSS
University of California

Director, Institute of Governmental Studies,
ENRICO CAVIARI FERI

International City Management
Executive Director,

MARK E. KEANE
Director, American Public Welfare Association

GAY R. JAZZI
Dean, Social Sciences, University of Chicago

D. C. GAY JOHNSON -
National Program of Chief
Executive, Vice President,

BRYAN H. HENRY
Chairman, Institute of Public Administration

FATHER H. GRIFFIN
Chairman, Institute of Public Administration
Council of State Government
Executive Director,

BREAN E. CHRIEFIN

International Association of Arresting Officers

DAVE A. CORNBY

Executive Director,
International Association

CHERYL F. CONDOM

Pleszczer, Duke University

R. TAYLOR CORE

Executive Director, National Municipal League
WILLIAM N. CASSERELA

Executive Director,

ROBERT D. BRONER
Public Affairs Association

DON BOWEN
Public Affairs Association Study

University of Michigan
Aggregate Vice President,

JOHN H. ROYAL, Chairman of the Board

COVERING BOARD

INSTITUTE
AFFAIRS
GOVERNMENTAL

EDMOND F. RICKELLS

President

H. F. MOORE

President

H. G. POSE

H. G. POSE

HIRAM B. PHILLIPS

Director, Mensuiment Services

DEAN B. WHAHIN

Director, International Airport Service

DEAN B. WHAHIN

JOHN GEISE

Director, Special Studies

JOHN GEISE

Telephone (205) 832-5800 • Capstone: GAI Washington, D. C.
1516 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036

March 9, 1975

Washington, D.C. 20200
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
The White House
National Security Affairs
Vice President to the President for
Dr. Henry A. Klaeujer

Dear Dr. Klaeujer:

The White House
The White House

interpreter for the Department of State.
French and Spanish he is accented by Mr. David Serchak, encoraged
far left and Lebanon with candor and knowledge. Since he speaks
blessed at last. He is able to discuss the relationship between
of the Middle East. He is delightful and energetic with a very
East. Our great has a knowledge of many of the national leaders
French newspaper is one of the more influential in the Middle
of Lebanon, Editor-in-Chief, 'ORIENT-LE YOUR Newspaper.' The
It is my pleasure to write you regarding Mr. Egonard Sap.

NAME: Edouard Halim SAAB

PRESENT POSITION: Editor-in-Chief, L'ORIENT-LE JOUR Newspaper
(a morning daily with a circulation of 20,000)
Middle East Correspondent for LE MONDE (Paris),
*L'EXPRESS (Paris), and JOURNAL DE GENEVE (Geneve)

PERSONAL DATA:

Languages Arabic and French

Religion Catholic (Maronite)

Interests Museums- music

NAME: Edouard Halim SAAB

PAST POSITIONS:

PERSONAL DATA:

Languages Arabic and French

Religion Catholic (Maronite)

Interests Museums- music

press 4/23

Type of Request & Date

SAAR

(Last name and pending date)

KISSINGER, HENRY A.

Name: John Saar, Life

Request: Mr. Newcom, LIFE Bureau Chief, called to say that Mr. Saar was one of the reporters let into China with the ping-pong team and will have a 20 page story in the LIFE next week. He is Life's man in Laos and VN. He is returning to the Far East next Tues. p.m. or Wed. a.m. and would like to spend a few mins. with HAK. Newcom thinks it would be beneficial for both.

DRY's Recommendation:

HAK's Answer: 4/27 - 4/29

Date and Time:

Party Contacted: 4/27 - 4/29

Additional Information:

RECEIVED
APR 28 1971

CENTRAL FILES

Resolution:

KISSINGER, HENRY A./S
*MARTIN-MORENO, FRANCISCO

June 26, 1972

Dear Miss Sachs:

Just a short note to thank you for yours
of June 14. Mr. Kissinger was most ap-
preciative of your assistance in forward-
ing his gift and of your taking the time to
let him know that the present was being
delivered. Thank you for your help.

Miss Danette Sachs
Secretary to the
Deputy Chief of Mission
Embassy of the United States
of America
Mexico D. F., Mexico

RECEIVED

JUN 27 1972

CENTRAL FILES

The White House
Washington

1970 MAR 5 PM 9 57

OWA393 (S LLU83) MS PD

SLDX NEW YORK NY 5 NFT

DR HENRY A KISSINGER
THE WHITE HOUSE

HCR 452 WARMEST THANKS YOUR CABLE 27 FEBRUARY. HAVE JUST RETURNED
FROM MIDDLE EAST WILL BE AVAILABLE NEWYORK AND WASHINGTON
MONDAY 16 MARCH TO THURSCAH 19 IF YOU WISH TO SEE ME US MISSION
NEWYORK CAN CONTACT MY UN BRANCH OFFICE FOR APPOINTMENT AT YOUR
CONVENIENCE BEST REGARDS

SADRUDDIN AGA KHAN VIENNA.

KISSINGER, HENRY A./5

1970 MAR 6 AM 9 04

APR 29 1970

CENTRAL FILES

FORM 0005 PRINTED NATIONAL REGISTER COMPANY

# THE SHEEP AND THE WOLF

Delivered on the Second Day of Sukkot, 1972

Rabbi Stanley Rabinowitz - Washington, D. C.

The events of the past month provide an opportunity to test one's clarity of mind, and a measuring rod to distinguish the violent from the non-violent.

Munich, bombing raids, military incursions, letter bombs, provide the climate and the testing ground for logic and hard thinking. In the aftermath of these upheavals, we hear words such as terrorism, violence, force, retaliation, vengeance, used interchangeably, almost as synonyms, in an explosion of semantic confusion.

We are challenged to distinguish between the legitimate use of force and the illegitimate use of force, while some will take the position that _any_ use of force is illegitimate.

It is time to divide the sheep from the wolves. The Torah reading for Sukkot has something to say about sheep and wolves. Though we have gone far beyond the institution of sacrifice, there is an eternal insight in the sacrificial system which may help us in distinguishing between the illegitimate and the legitimate use of force. This is especially clear in the Hebrew, for in Hebrew the word, sacrifice, is _karban_, which is related to the word, karov...to come close. When a sacrifice was offered, the person came close; that is, he identified not only with the object of the sacrifice, but with the power to whom the sacrifice was offered.

Moses commands that sacrifices should be brought from the bullock, the ox, the ewe and the lamb. And the Rabbis explained: An ox is pursued

(THE SHEEP AND THE WOLF - 2)

by the lion. A lamb is pursued by the wolf. Thou shall not bring before God the sacrifices from the pursuers, but from the pursued.

Now, who are the pursued and who are the pursuers? God forbids identification with the violent and terrorist animals, but permits identification only with the non-violent animals. After all, there were plenty of primitive tribes, and some still exist today, whose totem for sacrifice and for identification was the lion, the leopard, and the tiger.

Applied to man, who are the violent and who are the non-violent, (even though, in comparison to man, all animals are non-violent.) Nonetheless, it can be said that those who regard the sanctity of human life are today being pursued by those who disregard the sanctity of human life. It is our regard for human decency which makes us vulnerable to those who would destroy the sanctity of life.

Those who do not value the sanctity of life, and who even use it as leverage to blackmail those who respect human decency, are the terrorists. These are the violent people.

The evidence is in. In the aftermath of the reaction to the atrocity at Munich and the ensuing terror, the letters to the editors, the public statements, and the sermons, can all be divided into two categories: Those who approve of terror and those who disapprove of terror.

Those who approved of the terror at Munich are people of violence. But those who disapproved are not necessarily the non-violent.

Those who disapproved of the terror at Munich can be divided into four categories.

1. Those who disapprove of terror as a tactic, but seek to understand the motives of the attackers in order to find extenuating circumstances that explain how desperate men can be driven to desperate acts.

(THE SHEEP AND THE WOLF - 3)

2. Those who disapprove of the terror as a tactic, but who equate the terror of Munich with the climate of violence in our society which includes the bombing of Vietnam.

3. Those who disapprove of terror unconditionally, and disapprove with equal vehemence of the Israeli incursions into Syria and Lebanon, which followed.

4. Those who disapproved of the terror at Munich, but justify the Israeli reaction to it.

Each of us must take a position on these alternatives, but *must* do so with a measure of consistency.

Let us examine a few sample statements taken at random from the various positions.

The Hanoi Party Daily says that the United States and Israel deliberately allowed the murder of Israeli Olympians as a pretext for Israeli reprisals on the Arabs. No comment is necessary for this nonsense.

A distinguished columnist writes: "Regardless of the repugnant nature of the crime of killing the Israeli athletes, we must view these murders against the hard facts that the Arabs are refugees the world has forgotten."
(This is the "I disapprove, but...." syndrome.)

A distinguished theologian and minister states, "We condemn all violence, including Israeli violence." On the basis of this statement, the minister conducts memorial services for the eleven Israelis, one German policeman, five terrorists, and all the dead of Lebanon and Syria who were victims of Israeli military action.

Philosophically we have a confusion between two terms: Violence and Power.

"Power tends to corrupt," said Lord Acton, "and absolute power to corrupt

(THE SHEEP AND THE WOLF - 4)

absolutely." As so many glib aphorisms, Acton's observation is either nonsense or misleading, for what is the substitute for power? In fact, the absence of power may invite either anarchy or violence.

Power may corrupt, but more accurately, power reveals the purpose of those who use the power. Power is no better and no worse than the end it serves. And without reference to the purpose sought by the use of power, no moral evaluation is possible.

To miss this point is to equate Israel's right to live with the equal right of the terrorist to destroy her.

The purpose of the terrorist is to destroy Israel. Israel's purpose in the age of her power is not to destroy any other state, but to protect the lives of her own people.

It is nonsense to speak in terms of vengeance or retaliation when we speak of Israel's incursions into the Arab countries. If all that was involved was retaliation, then there are plenty of Arabs at hand in Jericho, Nablus, Hebron, Gaza...many of whom, in all probabilities, may sympathize with the attack of the terrorists upon the Israelis at Munich. Surely if retaliation was involved, then a few soldiers or a few irregulars could have been unleashed into any Arab crowd, and they could have achieved the desired retaliation with a minimum of risk to themselves or to equipment. But to think thus is sheer nonsense. The purpose of Israeli incursion was to apply leverage upon the other countries, upon the countries who encourage terrorism, in order to make them understand that terrorism doesn't pay. It was not to kill Arabs, but to destroy their bases.

Golda Meir could say, "We shall forgive the Arabs for killing us, for some day there will be peace and we shall forget the outrages committed