COUNTER INTELLIGENCE CORPS DETACHMENT

970/59

28 August 1945

SUBJECT: Personal Recommendation

TO : Whom It May Concern

1. In view of the unusual ability and special qualifications of Sergeant Henry A. Kissinger, ASN 32816775, this officer makes the following statement in his behalf with the desire that is at any time in the future Sergeant Kissinger is considered for advancement or assignment in some special branch of service, this letter may be of some assistance to him.

2. Sergeant Kissinger came to the 84th CIC Detachment from the G-2 Section of the 84th Infantry Division shortly after that Division was committed to action in November 1944. Sergeant Kissinger from that time on has built a record of achievement equaled by none in the remainder of the detachment. He was able to learn the technique of interrogation and other duties required of a good CIC man in an amazingly short time. By the time the 84th Division reached Krefeld, Germany, Sergeant Kissinger has been placed in charge of a CIC Regimental team and from that time on he turned in an amazing amount of exceptionally good work. In Hannover, Sergeant Kissinger and his team in one week's time, captured seven Gestapo Agents hiding in Hannover and surrounding area, who had been left behind to form a sabotage and espionage cell behind our lines. For this work Sergeant Kissinger and one other man were awarded the Bronze Star by the Divisional Commander. Sergeant Kissinger was also commended by the Commanding General of XIII Corps when this officer's attention was called to the good work he was doing with the 335th Regiment. Sergeant Kissinger has recently been commended by CIC 7th Army for work done in Kreis Bergstrasse.

3. Sergeant Kissinger is a fluent German linguist and possesses an exceptional knowledge of German economy, psychology, and Nazi Party Organization. He is enthusiastic in his work

HEADQUARTERS 84TH INFANTRY DIVISION
OFFICE OF THE 84TH C.I.C. DETACHMENT
A.P.O. 84, U.S.ARMY

28 August 1945

SUBJECT: Letter Of Recommendation

RE : Special Agent Henri KISSINGER

TO : To Whom it May Concern

1. Special Agent Henri KISSINGER is a fluent German and French linguist, possesses a keen knowledge of European history, politics and cultures.

2. While in this Detachment S/Agt. KISSINGER was in charge of a Regimental team in combat operations against the enemy. It was during the campaign "Central Europe" that KISSINGER showed unusual ability by uncovering a group of Gestapo Agents left behind by the enemy to sabotage and disrupt communications behind our front lines. For this outstanding accomplishment he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal by the Commanding General.

3. Special Agent KISSINGER's judgement and quick decisions have at all times been sound and accurate. His discretion, loyalty and devotion to duty are unquestionable and this Detachment will highly recommend him for any position or assignment.

Philip L. L'Heureux

PHILLIP L. L'HEUREUX
1st Lt. FA
Commanding

HEADQUARTERS 84TH INFANTRY DIVISION
Office of the AGofS, G-2

29 August 1945

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Special Agent Henry Kissinger worked under my supervision from November 1944 thru June 1945. His work has always been done in a superior manner. He is intelligent, alert, clear-thinking, resourceful and speaks, writes and can translate German very well since he has lived in Germany for a considerable period. His background is one which fits him very well for work in the occupation and he has expressed a desire to remain in Europe to perform some job in connection with the occupation of Germany.

I rate him among the best agents I have had and would desire very much to have him work for me if I were heading up any section again.

ROBERT J. GIESEN,
Major, GSC,
ACofS, G-2, 84 Inf Div.

HEADQUARTERS 84TH INFANTRY DIVISION
OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT C/S G-5

16 October 1945

RECOMMENDATION

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that during the past nine (9) months, I have had the opportunity to observe personally, the work and results of Special Agent Henry A. KISSINGER. During that time I have worked with Special Agent KISSINGER on Military Government matters and have at all times found it superior. Under trying conditions, during combat, and since then his initiative, leadership and force have brought extraordinary favorable results both in his own field and for the G-5 Section.

It is without hesitation that I recommend him for any position that he may desire.

Major, GSC
A C/S, G-5

CONFIDENTIAL
307TH COUNTER INTELLIGENCE CORPS DETACHMENT
HEADQUARTERS SEVENTH ARMY
WESTERN MILITARY DISTRICT
APO 758
U. S.

RESTRICTED CLASSIFICATION
Remove per E. O. 10501

970th CIC Region No. 2

18 November 1945.

SUBJECT: Report of CIC Activities of Special Agent Henry A. Kissinger.

TO: Whom it may concern.

1. Special Agent Henry A. Kissinger is applying for a Civil Service job in the Counter Intelligence Corps and as his former Team Commander on Team 970/59 and as his present Regional Commander, feel that I am in the best position to make a report on the duties he has performed for CIC.

2. Special Agent Kissinger was born in Germany and lived here for several years before coming to America. He speaks, reads and writes the German language fluently. He has a keen understanding of the German people, their customs, their beliefs, their ways and means of doing things to avoid "the Rule", and an intimate knowledge of the history and sociology of Germany.

3. While serving with the 84th Division CIC Detachment, Special Agent Kissinger was awarded the Bronze Star Medal as an award for his investigative work and final capture of seven Gestapo agents involved in a sabotage and espionage plot.

4. As a member of Team 970/59, Kissinger had complete charge of the Team's operations. For an example of his fore-sight, he had the complete plans for a de-Nazification program in Kreis Bergstrasse in full swing at the time that Seventh Army Headquarters issued the directive on Operation Lifebuoy. Under his supervision Kreis Bergstrasse was the first to complete operation Lifebuoy in the entire Seventh Army area, and a commendation written by Colonel Bixel was received for the thoroughness and manner in which the operation was conducted and reported. In addition to operation Lifebuoy, Kissinger has conducted surveys to de-Nazi further all strata of German social groups, namely, industrialists, professionals (dortors, lawyers, etc.,) clergy, commerce and trade in addition to the Holders of E.S. Stickers. Each of these surveys is complete and has either been turned in to higher Headquarters or is now in the process of being typed. He has made full use of the civilian police and the Landrat in the accomplishment of this mission. He sees the police chief daily, the Landrat at least once a week, and he speaks to all of the burgermeisters at their monthly meetings. By doing this and making full use of his information system which covers all strata of civilians, he has maintained complete control of Kreis Bergstrasse.

5. In his present position as Agent in Charge of Kreis Bergstrasse Subsection, Kissinger has been able to acquire additional experience in administration and the handling of supplies. In this new capacity he has continued to turn in superior caliber work. He has a knack on keeping one eye on the present and the other on plans for future operations. His ability to lead and control other men under him and to maintain their esteem for him is one of his foremost virtues, in view of the fact that his age is only 22 years. It might be thought at first that his age would be a factor against Kissinger and we might be tempted to say that he is "too young" for a responsible position but on the contrary it is the firm belief of the undersigned that this Agent is capable of successfully fulfilling the duties of CIC Chief Investigator (CAF -11) and I am basing this on his past contributions to the Counter Intelligence Corps in Germany. He is a thinking, capable, experienced CIC Agent with interest in the CI problems in Germany, as well as a general sense

CONFIDENTIAL

HEADQUARTERS 84TH INFANTRY DIVISION
Office of the Commanding General

AAO/brg

24 November 1945,

APO 84, U.S.Army.

SUBJECT: Letter of Recommendation.

TO : Whom It may Concern.

Special Agent Henry Kissinger has been in this division for the past twenty (20) months. During this period his work has been outstanding.

In the combat operations of this division, Special Agent Kissinger consistently displayed courage, intelligence, and balanced judgment, in a responsible position.

His knowledge of the German language and his understanding of German nature permits wide use of his unusual abilities.

This man is considered well qualified to hold a supervisory position.

HEADQUARTERS
COUNTER INTELLIGENCE CORPS
UNITED STATES FORCES EUROPEAN THEATER
REGION III - (BAD-NAUHEIM)

SUB-REGION DARMSTADT

APO 757

29 April 1946

SUBJECT: Letter of Recommendation, KISSINGER, Henry A.

TO: Whomever It May Concern

1. The undersigned officer has known and worked with, as well as directed the activities of Henry A. Kissinger, Special Agent, CIC, for several months.

2. It can be unhesitatingly said that Kissinger is one of the superior agents in the Counter Intelligence Corps. He was awarded the Bronze Star in March 1945 by the CG, 84th Infantry Division for outstanding work performed in breaking and arresting a ring of Gestapo agents. He was also recommended by the Regional Chief of Region II for the position of chief investigator for the CIC in the European Theatre. In August 1945 he was commended by General Holling, CG, 84th Infantry Division for work done in Denazification of Kreis Bergstrasse, and by General Hixel, G-2, 7th Army, who also commented upon his outstanding performance of duties.

3. This agent is known by all his associates as one of the most capable and efficient men in the Counter Intelligence Corps. The enthusiasm, eagerness and conscientious efforts with which his duties are performed cause his work to be of the highest quality. He has an excellent reputation and is very popular with his fellow agents. There is no question concerning his loyalty and integrity which have been proven many times.

4. Kissinger is a fluent linguist and has a thorough knowledge of German history and background. His long experience in the Counter Intelligence Corps has made him extremely conscious of the Counter Intelligence mission in this theatre which he carries out with a great deal of ability. This, plus his objective minded, impartial attitude in his relations with Allied and German agencies make him invaluable in Counter Intelligence work.

5. This officer cannot recommend Kissinger to strongly for any type of Counter Intelligence duties.

JAMES A. POMSYTH
Ist Lt Inf
Sub-Regional Chief

HEADQUARTERS
7712 EUROPEAN COMMAND INTELLIGENCE SCHOOL
APO 172
US ARMY

20 June 1947

To Whom It May Concern:

Mr. HENRY A. KISSINGER has been assigned to this school as a War Department civilian instructor from 31 May 1946 to date. He has instructed prospective US Army Counter-Intelligence agents, Intelligence and Military Government personnel. His ability, educational background and experience as a Counter-Intelligence agent in Germany preceding his assignment to this school have made Mr. KISSINGER a highly successful instructor who has enjoyed equal popularity among the students and the academic staff. Mr. KISSINGER has mainly instructed in the following subjects:

a. **GERMAN HISTORY**, a five (5) hours' course, from the foundation of the Holy Roman Empire to the collapse of the Nazi regime, analysing, among other developments, the Reformation and its consequences in later German political life; the ascendancy of Prussia in Germany; the failure of the Weimar Republic; and the principles and methods of National Socialism.

b. **THE GERMAN PEOPLE**, a four (4) hours' course, analyzing the mentality of the German people with particular emphasis on the German youth (including suggestions for the application of the US Army sponsored German Youth Activities program); describing prevalent attitudes and reaction of the German population at present; presenting refutations of commonly heard German nationalistic and self-righteous arguments.

c. **EASTERN EUROPE**, a two (2) hours' course presenting background and current developments of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey.

d. **THE ROLE OF THE INTELLIGENCE INVESTIGATOR**, a six (6) hours' course explaining the functions of the Intelligence Investigator in the European Command, and methods and techniques used, such as the use and training of informants, utilization of German governmental agencies, methods of area coverage, and techniques of undercover investigations.

In addition he has, from time to time, lectured or guided discussions of Current Events, both within the frame of the training program of the school and the Army-wide Troop Information Program.

All of his lectures have required intensive preparation in the form of research in the subject matter and psychological study of the

Washington, D.C., 14 March 1950

Chairman
Woodrow Wilson Fellowship Committee
c/o Special Program in the Humanities
Firestone Library
Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

Dear Sir:

It gives me great pleasure to write to you in behalf of Mr. Henry Kissinger nominated by Harvard University for a Princeton fellowship. Attached you will find a detailed report on Mr. Kissinger's character and abilities which I wrote a year ago, when he was being considered for a fellowship at Harvard. Since my opinion of Mr. Kissinger is entirely unchanged I feel at liberty to submit this report to-day, to document my continued and complete confidence in him as a citizen and a scholar.

You will note that in March 1949 I concluded my analysis of Mr. Kissinger's qualifications with the following remark:

"It may be expected .... that Kissinger will always rank among the best of his class and in his own particular field, Political Science, he may often surpass his fellow students. He certainly deserves all possible help and encouragement in his studies".

The very fact that Harvard University has now selected him as its candidate for the group of fellowships instituted by your University for outstanding college graduates would seem to prove that the above prediction was based on an objective appreciation of his diligence and intelligence.

He is, indeed, a very unusual man, whose intellectual brilliance is matched by his strength of character.

4319 Fassenden Street, N.W.
Washington 16, D.C.

Res. Phone: 01dway 0978
Off. Phone: Republic 6700
Ext. 71840

Ext. 41840
Off. Phone: 24233 6200
Rea. Phone: 01802 0818
Washington 1c, D.C.

4216 Reasenden Street, N.W.

Office Under Secretary of the Army
Political and Economic Advisor
Dr. B.G.V.Kraemer

Sincerely yours

brilliance is watched by his strength of character.

He is, indeed, a very unselfish man, whose intellectual

of his influence and intelligence.

that the above prediction was based on an objective abhorrence
universality for outstanding college graduates would seem to prove
him as its candidate for the group of fellowships instituted by him
The very fact that Harvard University has now selected

surely deserves all possible help and encouragement in his studies".

ficial Science, he may oftenTA.mbase his fellow students. He cer-
mong the past of his class and in his own departmental field, Poft-
"It may be expected.... that Krausinger will always rank

of Mr. Krausinger, a dispositions with the following remark:

You will note that in March 1949 I concluded my ansfylde

report to-day, to comment my continued and complete confidence in
Mr. Krausinger is entirely mollified I feel at liberty to submit this
being considered for a fellowship at Harvard. Since my opinion of
her's character and abilities which I wrote a year ago, when he was
fellowship. Attached you will find a detailed report on Mr. Kraus-
Mr. Henry Krausinger nominated by Harvard University for a Princeton
It gives me great pleasure to write to you in paragraph of

Dear Sir:

Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.
Firestone Library
c/o Special Programs in the Humanities
Woodrow Wilson Fellowship Committee
Chairman

Washington, D.C., 14 March 1920

Memorandum for the Assistant Commandant.

Subject: Evaluation of MRA (66th) for June 1950.

1. The following memorandum is written at the request of Lt Col Petru in reference to the Monthly Report of Counter Intelligence Activities (66th) for June 1950, dated 6 July 1950.

2. The undersigned officer has felt for a long time, based on experience with both tactical and occupation CIC Detachments, with ECIS, and at the CIC Center, that an excessive emphasis on the mere technical aspects of CIC investigations provides the potential agent with a somewhat distorted indoctrination. It tends to produce a state of mind which waits for the fact of subversion or the accomplished espionage. On the other hand, the undersigned officer believes that CIC performs at its maximum efficiency in a preventive capacity. This entails a different psychological state. It attempts to collect as much information about its area of responsibility as possible, even in the absence of overt subversion, to analyze that information and evaluate it into a total pattern.

3. Subversion and espionage become meaningful only as components of a political situation, not as isolated incidents of sabotage. Any subversive group to be effective must be organized. Any organized group requires leadership, funds and some measure of indoctrination. The source of funds and leadership of significant underground as well as of overt groups represents the political aspirations of a segment of the population. (The difference between an underground and an overt group is frequently merely a question of tactics, not of principle.) An intimate knowledge of the existing political situation, not only in its formal aspects (i.e., which party holds the majority, etc.) but in its more subtle psychological nuances is the necessary prerequisite for any investigation. Such an awareness of the political situation will almost automatically produce the initial "leads" or at least delimit the possible alternatives. To wait for an organization to have crystallized before beginning its penetration is to compound the already great difficulties. To penetrate an organization without having a rather good initial estimate of its potentialities multiplies the scope of possible conclusions, increases the problem of pin-pointing informants and severely reduces the area of determinacy in an investigation.

4. Knowledge of the political and psychological aspects of the security situation is a function of investigative "technique" only in an indirect manner, however. The raw-material for such knowledge results

- 2 -

As a human being Kissinger demonstrates qualities that should make him congenial to any group of intelligent individuals. In spite of his consummate and sincere modesty you will find that the man has all the requisites for effective spiritual and intellectual leadership. I say spiritual advisedly, as Kissinger has a most unusual sense of living, objective ethical values. His personality is of a rare type inasmuch as his own standards do not make him intolerant or without understanding for lives, individual or collective, led according to standards far different from his own.

It is obvious that a man who has practiced so much and preached so little will have carried into his commitment to the United States quite unsuitable habits of thought and action. While overseas, in what had been his native country, Kissinger demonstrated the depth of his understanding of the American standards that had led us to military victory. Had his lectures on Military Government at the Intelligence School been listened to by higher levels than those from which the students were recruited, I believe that he could have contributed ably to the possibility, that still existed in 1946, for America to win the peace as well, by political means. Kissinger has given his allegiance to this country after making successfully very conscious effort to understand its true nature and its true objectives. He has done this without falling into the obvious trap of condoning wholesale all of our policies or all of our methods. For his insight is allied to an intellectual courage which has often prompted him to make a clinical criticism of our errors. But in every case he has been able to see clearly and to demonstrate the relative importance of these errors to our national physiognomy as a whole. I have never heard the man be reluctant to criticise our mistakes in dealing with foreign minds and yet I can truly say that I have yet to hear him make a sterile criticism, or suggest a solution to a problem which would in any way run counter to either the letter or the finer spirit of our highest national ethics.

Should you care to communicate with me further in this matter you can reach me on tie-line 113 at extension 3598.

ATTACHMENT TO FORM 162 (CSC)

QUALIFICATIONS INQUIRY

Position: Junior Management Asst.
Name of Candidate:
Henry Alfred Kissinger

Dr. F. G. A. Kraemer
4319 Fessenden St.
Washington, D. C.

February 16, 1951

### Question 1

I have known Henry Kissinger intimately since 1943. We served (Intelligence) with the same Inf. Division through training, combat, and occupation duty (1943-45). We were both members of the faculty of a Military Intelligence School located in a small German village (1946-47). We remained in very close touch even after our return to the States, partly through letters and partly by means of more or less regular personal meetings which always take the form of long and intense conversations on political and philosophical issues. (1948-present).

### Question 2

He is a man of exemplary and truly extraordinary integrity. In the Army he won the respect and admiration of the hardboiled tough guys as well as of the most sceptical intellectuals who, at first, viewed his obvious idealism and high ethical standards with suspicion or a knowing smile. To an extent rarely observed in an individual endowed with so sharp and analytical a mind he is actually guided in his every day life by an unshakeable conviction that moral values are absolute. Firm in this belief and fully aware of his own qualities and capabilities he does not try to ingratiate himself with others by any opportunistic maneuvers whatever, nor does he try, on the other hand, to maintain his prestige by even the slightest pretense of infallibility. Selfassured, without being aggressive, he calmly directs his remarkable energies toward objective achievements rather than personal success.

### Question 3

He proved his exceptional emotional stability and inner maturity when after VE Day, as a very young man, he found himself in charge, for a year, of a C(ounter) I(intelligence) Team controlling an entire German county of 140,000 inhabitants. Very many local CI Chiefs, whose power, including the power to arrest, was virtually unlimited in those days, grew increasingly unbalanced in the unexpected role of quasi absolute rulers. K. profoundly impressed everybody by the outstanding technical efficiency of his performance and by his unparalleled objectivity, impartiality, human understanding and self-discipline. Because of his helpfulness, lack of egotism, and absolute reliability in tense and difficult situations, he was liked and esteemed by those serving with him and even by the population under his jurisdiction. Unassuming and quiet his mental and character qualities are such that, without any visible effort, he becomes a leading member of any group in which he happens to be. He adapted himself with great ease to military discipline.

- 2 -

ATTACHMENT TO FORM 162 (CSC)

Henry Alfred Kissinger

### Question 4

Because of his strength of character, superior intelligence and unflinching devotion to a task K. will always be recognized as a moral and intellectual authority by his surroundings. His entire personality eradiates conviction and solidity. He creates faith in those who have none and strengthens the beliefs of those who waver. As a civilian teacher at the Army Intelligence School in Europe and as an officer-instructor at the Intelligence Center, Fort Holabird, he deeply and lastingly influenced, even swayed, faculty and students including those far above him in rank and experience. His leadership is that of a teacher and preacher rather than that of a mere bureaucratic administrator. While he held responsible positions early in life and was most successful in making others work for and with him, he did so more by his inspiring example and obvious general superiority than by operational orders and directives. He will imperceptibly mold any human material with which he has to work, but his particular strength lies in picking the right people for a job and then let them develop their own initiative under his general guidance.

### Question 5

K. has an exceptionally keen and quick and at the same time orderly mind. He is unusually well equipped to deal with even the most vexing and complex problems of philosophy and logic and he has a special gift for analytical thinking. He is one of the very few intellectuals, however, who are not impressed by their own or anyone else's brilliance, and who remain forever aware of the distinct limitations of the rationalistic approach. He is imbued with a virtually religious conviction that the deeper realities can never be expressed in facts and figures or clever dialectics. He has a rare understanding for intangibles and for the decisive importance of psychological and, even more, spiritual factors. A assiduous student, reader, and debater he does not work for marks and degrees, but to gain a true insight into phenomena. His inborn intuition and imaginativeness, disciplined by an excellent brain, lead him to highly reasonable and, in the deepest sense of the word, realistic conclusions. He is utterly lacking in superficiality, including the hidden superficiality of the bright young men.

### Question 6

Whatever the tasks assigned to Kissinger he is certain first to think the problem through independently and, then, to carry out the mission in his own imaginative and vigorous manner. He is never afraid of suggesting new ways and procedures and even new aims and targets to his superiors, including those known to be decidedly difficult. Since his suggestions, as a rule, are excellent and since in his urging he combines tact with perseverance, he almost invariably gains his point. According to my personal observation his superiors, in some cases, gave in to him not because they were able to follow his arguments, but because they found their own prestige enhanced by the successful operations of an amazing underling, motivated in his planning and doings not by small calculating ambition, but simply by a congenital urge to accomplish the utmost regardless of personal advantages or

- 3 -

ATTACHMENT TO FORM 162 (CSC)

Henry Alfred Kissinger

### Question 6 continued

disadvantages. K. works extremely hard even under most difficult conditions, such as combat, and he thinks nothing of continuing an important discussion of vital problems until the early hours of the next morning. His unquestionable vitality is more the outgrowth of strength of character and intensity of purpose, though, than of any inherent exuberant temperament.

### Question 7

The reports submitted by K. while he served with Intelligence, his academic "papers" (including his thesis), and certain extracurricular studies on political and Intelligence subjects he wrote as an undergraduate and graduate student, are impressive examples of persuasive and very well organized writing. He presents his thoughts, arguments and conclusions with a precision, logicality, and care for the specific meaning of words seldom found in political scientists without legal training. He makes his points clearly and convincingly without either overstating or understating the case. The most characteristic single feature of his written and oral presentations is his complete avoidance of the trivial and the trite. His style, while by no means dry, is not colorful or interesting in the journalistic sense. This soberness of expression seems to be selfimposed, however. Some short stories and essays of his, by-products of a course in creative writing he took at Harvard, are composed in an utterly different language and show remarkable literary and esthetic sensitivity and skill. His vocabulary as a speaker and writer is that of a highly educated man. The right word comes to him naturally and while in his choice of terms he is entirely free of high-brow mannerisms, his range of expression is unusually large and varied.

### Question 8

Strongly convinced of the decisive importance of human and psychological factors in all fields, K. has shown particular eagerness and talent for building his work in Intelligence, teaching, and political research on direct observation and personal contacts. Whenever there is a question of ascertaining and predicting trends, or of guiding and influencing people, he is usually intent on and successful in establishing relationships with the individuals and groups whose thoughts and feelings have to be ascertained or whose cooperation has to be assured. Where his professional interests and his duties are involved he is so patient a listener and so natural and intelligent a questioner that he disarms the resistance even of the very confident who, partly perhaps because of his obvious reliability and disinterested seriousness, confide more to him than they may have intended. He is not a backslapper, however, and he does not lightly approach or befriend people merely for social reasons or to promote his career.

K. will make no attempts to overwhelm partners in negotiations by assault, i.e. by flashy and aggressive tactics, but he will inexorably gain terrain by his superior knowledge, intensity of purpose, and quiet selfassurance and also by his very great gift for presenting entirely new and original

ATTACHMENT TO FORM 162 (CSC)

Henry Alfred Kissinger

Question 8 continued

arguments in a manner which is not only convincing, but also fair and bril-
liantly adapted to the personalities of his interlocutors. This capacity
for expressing his own views in terms, or in a frame of reference, partic-
ularly meaningful to those with whom he has to deal, enables him to make
certain concession in form while winning on the more essential points. He
should be particularly useful in drawn out, complex negotiations and discus-
sions where the same negotiators have to meet repeatedly.

K., in some respects, is the type of the born scholar and researcher. He writes first class think pieces and position papers and he certainly has a strong and justified desire to help develop and formulate basic policies at higher levels of Government. On the other hand, however, he was and is remarkably happy in military surroundings. He also is an enthusiastic teacher and youth leader and he obviously derives great inner satisfaction from being able to guide or execute actual field operations permitting him to tackle very concrete problems. It would seem, therefore, that he might well be used alternately for more or less "theoretical" desk work in headquarters and for practical missions in the field.

Fritz G. A. Kraemer

["Secretary Army, 1958-1960.", "Activities Office. Economic & Political Advisor, Office Under\nExberter (Intelligence Specialist) NMB, Bereit", "~~T. G. A. Kromer~~", "His performance and achievements will be very far above average.\nGovernment stations. Wherever he will be employed it can safely be predicted that\nconsciences and reliabilities he seems eminently suited for difficult and responsible\nwork he will do. Highly intelligent, independent, fairly energetic, initiates\nrespect. The greater and more challenging the tasks entrusted to him the more use-\nful he will be. Highly efficient, independent, fairly energetic, initiates\nrespect. The greater and more challenging the tasks

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

I have known Henry Kissinger since 1944 when we served together in the same Infantry Division. Charged with the task of selecting from among the 17,000 members of the division an educated and reliable man for special intelligence work in Division Headquarters I interviewed several hundred individuals and, finally, chose Kissinger because of his seriousness, intelligence, and enthusiasm.

He was soon to prove himself a man of unusual qualities. Although extremely young at the time he reorganized, virtually alone, the civil administration of the large German town of Crefeld captured by the division in the spring of 1945. His intensity, devotion to duty, resourcefulness and tact led to the establishment, within a few days, of a new town government.

As a result of this and other achievements he was transferred to the Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) and after VE Day he was for more than 12 months in charge of a small CIC Detachment that controlled an entire German county of about 40,000 inhabitants. In those early days of the occupation the power of CIC, including the power to arrest, was virtually unlimited and the head of the local CIC was to all practical intents and purposes the lord and master of the civilian population under his jurisdiction. Sudden acquisition of such unexpected power will either corrupt a man or be a challenge to him depending on his character. Being able to observe Kissinger's administration from the vantage point of area Headquarters I was deeply impressed not only with his impartiality, understanding of intangibles, self-discipline and idealism, but also with his methods of work and with the practical results he obtained. Not the easy-going type and far too much of a personality to try to please all and sundry he was nevertheless respected alike by our own US personnel and by the local population, although the latter might have easily resented the energy with which he accomplished his mission. When he left CIC to accept an instructorship as a civilian War Department employee at the European Command Intelligence School in Southern Germany his departure was widely regretted. That he possesses a far above average intelligence and capacity to think for himself cannot be doubted, but more than by these intellectual capacities I was struck by his selfsearching attitude, high ethical standards and complete lack of superficiality.

As Chief of the Intelligence School's Research Department I was in a position to follow his career as an instructor very closely, although he was not assigned to my Department. He had never taught before, but was soon considered one of the most valuable members of the faculty. Not

content with merely improving some of the established courses (European, particularly German history, etc) he succeeded in introducing an entirely new and very instructive course dealing with the often neglected psychological aspects of Intelligence work. Unassuming and quiet he nevertheless influenced the officer and enlisted students more deeply and enjoyed a greater prestige with them than other instructors of higher rank and larger experience. This was due, in part, to the technical qualities of his carefully prepared and well-presented lectures, but chiefly to his obvious spiritual and intellectual integrity, his avoidance of the trivial and the trite and, most of all, to the strong emphasis he constantly placed on character education as distinguished from mere brain training.

Having discovered, as a result of his service with Intelligence and Counterintelligence, his interest in and natural aptitude for History, Political Science, and Philosophy he became convinced that what he modestly called his superficial and haphazard knowledge in these fields was utterly unsatisfactory. In spite of tempting offers to continue in his rather well paid and pleasant position as an instructor with the European Command Intelligence School, he, therefore, came home after 3 years of overseas service to become a student at Harvard.

I wholeheartedly subscribed to his decision. A Political Scientist myself, holder of 2 Dr. degrees, ex-legal adviser to the League of Nations and present political and economic adviser in the Office Assistant Secretary of the Army, I do not hesitate to state that I consider Kissinger's qualifications exceptional.

Endowed with a very good and clear mind he also possesses to the highest degree that capacity for patient and diligent study and research without which even the most intelligent are doomed to remain brilliant amateurs. Mature beyond his years he represents the rare type of undergraduate who studies to gain a deeper understanding of phenomena rather than to obtain a degree. A searching analyst and well versed in the art of debate and discussion he will nevertheless not argue for argument's sake and not develop, therefore, into that frequent type of intellectual who turns to shoulder shrugging, cynicism, nihilistic relativism or political radicalism.

Aware of his own worth and a man who has the courage of his convictions he is at the same time surprisingly selfless and free of that ambitiousness and glaring smartness found in many of the so-called bright boys. In his dealings with others he shows exemplary fairness and willingness to cooperate without any tendency to compromise where his basic tenets are involved.

Knowing him very well I feel that his only weakness is his somewhat unyouthful, though friendly, seriousness which is coupled with the absence of an active sense of humor.

Independent in thought, highly intelligent, exceptionally con-
scientious, reliable and eminently decent as a human being, he possesses
in addition that inner urge toward accomplishments transcending the mere
fulfilment of personal ambitions which is one of the most valuable assets
in any member of a community.

It may be expected, therefore, that Kissinger will always rank
among the best of his class and in his own particular field, Political
Science, he may often surpass his fellow students.

He certainly deserves all possible help and encouragement in his
studies.

4319 Fessenden Street, NW
Washington 16, D. C.
Res. Phone: ORdway 0978
Off. Phone: Republic 6700, Ext. 73305

7 March 1949

I have known Mr. Henry A. KISSINGER since May 1946. From that date until his return to the U.S. in July 1947 I was his supervisor at the European Command Intelligence School (E.C.I.S.), APO 172, U.S.Army, located at Oberammergau, Germany. We have been in frequent social contact since, particularly intimate since the fall of 1948 when I took residence in Cambridge, Mass.

I consider his personal integrity and honesty as above any doubt and know that this opinion is shared by others. He is principled, acknowledges and stands up for his failings or mistakes, and, though always courteous, does not attempt to ingratiate himself. In order to obtain advantages at the expense of his convictions, I have, likewise, the highest regard for his intellectual honesty. He continuously tries to see himself in the most detached manner possible, and his convictions and judgments are based on objective analysis and are free from selfish motivations to the extent to which this is humanly possible.

His social adjustments are completely satisfactory and harmonious; he is neither unduly reserved nor exuberant, but in a group of congenial people will always draw attention to himself by virtue of his wide interests, conversational fluency, and pleasing manners. His emotional stability and maturity are in accord with his age, exceptional intelligence, and fine sensitivity. By this I mean to imply that the maturing process of a more intelligent and sensitive individual takes longer than that of a less gifted person, but promises to lead to a higher level of maturity eventually than that attained by the average person.

I can best judge his leadership from his performance as an instructor at the E.C.I.S. (see par. 1). On this basis, his success in handling even very large classes of, sometimes, rather heterogeneous composition would indicate good leadership. Also, the attention and help he gave outside of the class room to those of his students in need of it would indicate the proper sense of responsibility of his position and task. His class-room presentations always were of an independent and original bent; as a matter of fact, some of the courses he taught were not only due to his initiative but also worked out by him quite independently.

X

To the best of my knowledge his reputation as to character and
conduct is immaculate. I have never heard adverse comment nor
observed, personally, anything deserving adverse comment.

As is apparent from the foregoing paragraphs I cannot really judge
the candidate's administrative capabilities or potentialities.
His character, interests, and ability would assuredly make him
a conscientious public servant, and his mental faculties hold
promise of high position. As I am not myself familiar with the
requirements of public administration at a high level, I can only
give the opinions that he is a capable organizer, but that attention
to routine details is not his strongest point.

I would summarize my observations by stating that I consider
Mr. KISSINGER as the type of public servant that I would like to
see occupying high positions in the administration of the country,
viz. intelligent, conscientious, and not self-seeking.

Febr. 5, 1951

Apr. 2, 1921

vis. intelligent, conscientious, and not self-seeking.
see accompanying high positions in the administration of the country.
Mr. KISSINGER as the type of public servant that I would like to
I would summarize my observations by stating that I consider
to routine details is not his strongest point.

give the opinions that he is a capable organizer, put that attention
requirements of public administration at a high level. I can only
promise of high position. As I am not well familiar with the
a conscientious public servant, and his mental facilities hold
His character, interests, and ability would assuredly make him
the candidate's administrative capabilities or potentialities.
As he appears from the foregoing paragraphs I cannot really judge
As he appears from the foregoing paragraphs I cannot really judge

operated, percolating, anything generating adverse comment.
conduct is immediate. I have never heard adverse comment nor
To the best of my knowledge his reputation as to character and

x