April 30, 1939

Ningpo, Chekiang

The air-raid alarm came this morning at 8:30 A.M. We had just finished breakfast and were walking out to see the garden when the siren started to blow. Then followed the usual rush to open doors and windows.

Before we got all opened up Mr. March's boys came in for their Sunday morning Bible class. He taught them while we all waited for the planes. Thanks to whatever power there is that decides such things, the planes did not come to Ningpo and the all-clear signal brought relaxation about an hour later.

Only three of the usual six young business men came to my Bible class at 10:30. Two of them had gone to take their wives and children to some safe place in the country. One of them had gone to make a speech to the non-Christian boys in our school. I urged the other young men to move their families to the country. One of them has an invalid mother who cannot be moved, and the young man's wife has to stay and take care of her. That means the four children must also stay.

We studied the thirteenth chapter of Paul's first letter to the Corinthians this morning. It is the most appropriate thing at this time—but it is also the most difficult thing for non-Christians to understand. They want to know why they should love men who did what was done two days ago here, and the answers take us into all the deep truths of the Christian religion.

14

Norsk Lutherske Kinamissionsforbund (Norwegian Lutheran China Missions L ague), 275

Norske Evangelisk-Lutherske Frikerke Kinamisjon (Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Free Church), 275

Norske Lutherske Kinamisjonsforbund, 56

Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, 198

Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, 49, 182, 200, 275
rural medical service, 93

Shanghai, 92, 201

Sinyang, 77, 201, 204

South Shensi, 32, 37, 58, 84, 94, 281

Swedish Lutheran Church, 92, 348

Taiwan, 200

Tszho, 204

United Lutheran Church, 50, 77, 93, 130, 196, 200, 204, 348, 421, 453

university, 203

youth, 200, 205

Luthersk Kirkeblad, 204

Lutherske Kirketidende, 198

Luyi, seige of, 192

L.W.F. See Lutheran World Federation

Lyceum Theatre (Shanghai), prayer meeting at, 359

Lydia Lord Davis School (Fenyang), 159

Lying-in Hospital, 287

Lykes Steamship Company, 24

Lynx, 340

May 1, 1939

Ningpo, Chekiang

Last night I was awakened several times by the
unusual noises of carts and rikshas moving through the
streets. After awakening I could smell the odor of
burnt flesh in the cool night air. The wind was blowing
gently from the bombed and burnt areas.

When I went downstairs at 7:00 A.M. this morning
to get the baby's vegetables for the day I found the
servants highly excited and people were already coming
into the compound. They had the rumor that fifty air-
planes were coming to bomb us today.

While we were eating breakfast there was an explosion somewhere that shook the house. We all jumped and our hearts started thumping.

Nothing more happened until 10:00 o'clock when we
heard the air-raid alarm we had been waiting for. In the
meantime Ellen had dressed Edward and had brought him
downstairs. Mr. March had gone to school for an early
class. Ellen had just begun to feed Edward his breakfast
when the planes arrived. We all sat under the favorite
doorway and Ellen continued to feed Edward his breakfast
while the planes power-dived and dropped bombs overhead,
shaking the house with their terrible concussions.

The actual bombing lasted about a half an hour.
It was half an hour of agony for us, but Edward didn't
notice it—the lucky little mush eater! Each time a
plane dived we held our breaths until the bomb exploded.
Then at the same time we were glad that we were not hit

2

officials, 314
and Yenching University, 288

Immortals, scroll of, 9

Imperial palaces (Peking), 378

imperialism, 31, 67

American missionaries, 66, 86, 99, 117, 185, 235-36, 248, 382

and Christian missions, 384

economic, 384

evangelism, 66

women, 66

Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, 408, 478, 486

Imprimerie de T'ou-se-wei (Shanghai), 475

Imprimerie des Lazaristes (Peking), 462

*In Memory of the West Country Story and the Weakness of the King*,
translation, 403

*In Search of a Miracle*, 292

indemnity, 77, 228, 287, 288

*Independent Board Bulletin*, 346, 347

Independent Board of Presbyterian Foreign Missions, 346, 347, 349

index, Chinese literature of Protestant churches, 282

India, 72

Catholic missions, 119

Church of the Brethren, 124

educational philosophy, 67

evangelistic work, 124

Forman Christian College (Lahore), 326

London Missionary Society in, 32, 302

medicine, 148, 289

translation of scriptures, 156, 363

United Presbyterian Church, 331

villages in, 36

women 124, 259, 455, 459

Indians, South China, 355

indigenization, 196, 201

Indo-China, 224

and sorrowed by the knowledge that others were dying not
far away from us.

There were times when Edward gazed at our faces with
intent wonder, trying, I suppose, to figure out the drawn
and tense expressions he saw there. At such times I
tried to smile at him. Those were pretty feeble efforts
at smiles, but he was game enough to recognize the effort
and smile back again.

At eleven o'clock Mr. Tomlinson telephoned to tell
us that there was an oil tanker leaving this afternoon
for Shanghai. He had talked to the captain of the ship,
and the captain was willing to evacuate women with
children. Mrs. Tomlinson had decided to take her two
small children away from this. I told him that we would
talk it over and make a decision before noon. After careful
consideration and prayer we both felt that we ought
to take advantage of this opportunity to take Edward to
a safer place. Ellen rested while I got on my bicycle
wan went to make arrangements with Captain Briggs. The
all-clear signal had not yet sounded so I went out to a
country road which I followed around the edge of the city
and down to the Asiatic Petroleum Company installation.
The captain was very gracious and offered his best
accommodations—which was the room belonging to his first
mate.

I could hardly force myself to go up to the attico to
get the suitcases. Every time I looked at happy little
Edward I thought to myself, "Why not keep him here?

3

industry, 33, 208, 267, 275, 304, 312, 363, 442, 485

cooperatives, 162, 167

development, 15, 157, 262

disputes and strikes, 287

leather manufacture, 275

missions, 159, 271

programs, 283

North China Industrial Service Union (Peiping), 275

Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association, Industrial Department,
320

Society of the Transfiguration, 317

Infant's Hospital, 287

infanticide, 295, 343

influence, Western, 36

information technology, 395

Ing Hok, 51, 159, 322

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 55, 157,
160, 272, 285

Ing Tai (Fukien), 35, 159, 385

Academy, 160

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 51, 160

City Church, 51

Foochow College, 158

High School and Elementary School, 51

medical work, 37

Whitney Hospital, 159

inland China. See interior China.

Inspectorate of Salt Revenue, 330

Institute for Research on Religion in China, 37

Institute for the Chinese Blind, 68, 162, 237

Institute of Arts, 205

Institute of Buddhist Studies, 3

Institute of Engineering Practice, 353

Institute of Hospital Technology (Hankow), 159, 273

Institute of International Education, 273

Institute of Jesuit Sources (St. Louis, Missouri), 478

Surely we will be protected from danger!" Then I would think of Ellen holding her breath while the bombs screamed through the air. I thought of her feeding Edward while the bomb concussions shook the very walls against which we leaned. Those thoughts forced me to get the suitcases, and we spent the entire afternoon packing Ellen's and Edward's things.

We left the house at 6:00 P.M. in three rikshas, one for the baggage and for each of us. Edward enjoyed the riksha ride immensely. We were not the only people moving out of the city. The streets were full of loaded rikshas and carts and people afoot. They smiled at us and we at them, this time our bond of sympathy being our desire to get away from a bomb trap of a city. On the way down to the boat we met father Nugent, an Irish Catholic priest doing missionary work here in Ningpo. When I saw him the thought immediately came to me, "This problem of family partings is forever settled for you—how free you must feel!" Then Edward turned his inquisitive little face up to mine and Ellen looked back at us from her riksha up ahead. And again I realized that men and women were meant to bear the problems of life together, and even in the hour of parting and danger I was glad.

When I got home after leaving Ellen and Edward on the boat I found that there was some mail from home. There was a letter for Ellen from her father and mother. But Ellen had gone.

When I woke up this morning the first thing I noticed was Edward's little crib. It's emptiness made a pain in my heart. I moved it into another room where I would not always be reminded of the little fellow who was not there. When I went to the dressing room there was the primus stove and the steamer in which I had sterilized his bottles every morning. It made the house seem dead not to hear the steam hissing from his sterilizer. When I went down to breakfast there were only two places at the table instead of three. Breakfast seemed dull without Ellen.

Soon after breakfast the dean of the school called up to tell us that since today was clear weather there would be no school. The air-raid alarm came at 9:45 this morning and the bombers followed soon. By the time we had opened up the house and the people had all hidden themselves they started bombing. They operated so closely this morning that I saw nearly half of the bombs that fell. As they fell we could hear them hissing through the air as before. We could see the flash of flame when they exploded on the roofs just across the river from us.

Mr. March, Mr. Nie and I sat under a tree just in front of our porch. When the planes did their power dives they began the dives directly over our heads where we could not see them because of the tree foliage. First we would hear the sputter of the airplane motor as the plane went into a dive; then simultaneously the hiss of the bomb as it fell through the air. Then we would see the bomb

5

International Famine Relief Commission, 148, 287

International Friends Institute (Chungking), 273

International Harvester Co., 100

International Hospital (Hankow), 273

International Institute of China (Mission Among the Higher Classes in China), 7, 8, 13, 31, 40, 49, 82, 102, 106, 142, 145, 146, 152, 164, 165, 172, 177, 185, 219, 242, 253, 254, 260, 261, 273, 278, 287, 299, 322, 354, 386, 387

International Missionary Council, 49, 64, 209, 287
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 157
China Continuation Committee, 354
China delegation, 354
China Study Group, 40
Conference on Chinese Christian Education, 234
and Foreign Missions Conference of North America, 234
Library, 287
meetings, 82, 157
and National Christian Council of China, 275

International Missions, Inc., 240

International Monetary Commission to Honan, 183

international nationals, and Church of the Brethren, 100

International Peace Hospital (Yenan), 201, 202, 204

International Red Cross, 153

International Reformed Bulletin, 187

international relations, 79, 116, 267, 380, 475

International Relief Committee, 8, 202, 203, 455
and Church of Christ in China, 42
and Sisters of the Order of St. Benedict, 197

International Review of Missions, 48

International Settlement, 319

International Sunday School Association, 266

International Survey, 283

internment, 103, 119, 137, 181, 189, 199, 223
Americans, 28, 284, 328

falling obliquely at its target. We saw it hit, saw the
flame of the explosion, then the smoke of the powder and
then the sound of the explosion accompanied by the feel-
ing of concussion in the air.

I was frightened because the planes were so much of
the time over our heads. I had to keep my mouth open to
keep my teeth from rattling. My breath was fast and hot.
My throat felt as though it were full of dry cotton.
From time to time tremors would shake my whole body.
Mr. March had a pencil and a piece of paper for checking
off the number of bombs dropped. I could hear the paper
rattling in his hand. Mr. Nie, the Y.M.C.A. secretary,
was lying down on his side hugging the base of the tree
trunk. Before going out I had noticed most of the women
teachers from the primary school lying flat on the parlor
floor.

After Mr. March had ticked off fourteen bombs on his
paper, the planes circled a few times and flew away. We
began moving about. In the yard I found a splinter of
charred wood that had been blown in from the scene of
one of the explosions. Two of the winter covers had
been blown off the foundation ventilation holes under
the house. As we walked about in the warm sun our bod-
ies began to get back to normal so that we could breathe
more easily and keep our joints from shaking.

It is just 12:30, half an hour after noon, now. One
big fire is raging across the river from us. Ellen and
Edward are on their way to Shanghai. I am glad they

were not here this morning.

Later:

We have passed a quiet afternoon. I worked in the garden to quiet my nerves. People are still leaving the city in great numbers. This morning only a few came into the compound for shelter. All of those who usually come have gone to the country. We are glad because everyone is safer that way.

Our school schedule has been changed so that class hours will come from 5:30 A.M. to 8:00 A.M. and from 4:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M. Mr. March will take his classes at the early hour and I will take mine in the afternoon. That will make it possible for one of us to always be here at the compound.

7

effect on Episcopal school, 303
effect on mission work, 85
and Foreign Missions Conference, 328
Kaifeng, 124
Manchuria, 303
photographs, 288
and School Sisters of St. Francis, 402
and Sisters of Providence, 126
by Nationalists, Nanking, 297

investments, Kingdom, under American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 36

"I. O. K. Tch Girls' Middle School," 190

Ipoh, Anglo-Chinese School, 271

I Believe, translation, 341

Ireland, 172, 448
Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland, 354
Presbyterian Church, 56, 81, 273, 285
Presbyterian Church in the U.S., 285

Irkutsk, Lake Baikal, 320

Isabella Fisher Hospital (Tientsin), 29, 150, 227, 259, 285, 325

Isaiah, Book of, 383

I shih pao (Social Welfare), 98

Islam, 36, 162, 188
China Inland Mission, 113, 359
Chinese-Muslim terms, 84
missions to Chinese Muslims, 98, 113, 202, 246, 279
Muslims, 6, 47, 162, 188, 271, 464
occupation of Yinchuan, 114
photographs, 47, 162
Society of Friends of Moslems in China (Hankow), 42, 47, 451
Young Men's Christian Association, 47

Isolation Hospital, 287

Israel, 26, 84, 161

It Happened in Hunan, 340

May 3, 1939

Ningpo, Chekiang

The air-raid alarm came at the usual time this morn-
ing and we went through the usual house opening ceremony.
However, the planes did not stop here. We were sorry for
the neighboring cities that were being bombed and at the
same time we were very happy to be free from that terror
ourselves.

There are only eleven boys left out of the hundred
and thirty in our first year English class, so Mr. March
and I have combined our two sections. Great numbers of
people are still leaving the city. One can visualize
the situation in the city by what happened at school.
We had nearly five hundred boys enrolled there, and now
there are less than fifty. The city has thinned out in
about the same proportions.

I should say that about two hundred and ninety
thousand people have moved out with enough of their be-
longings to live away from home for quite a long time.
Those who stay only do so because they are too poor to
move. Yet, these who stay, leave during the day. Most all
of them walk out into the surrounding country early every
morning and come back after four o'clock in the after-
noon. On the way to school this morning Mr. March found
the streets packed with people moving out into the country
for the day. When I went to school this afternoon I saw
them all coming back again. Along every path and road
moved an endless line of weary people. There were old
women with their hands upon the shoulders of their young

1

I-2 EDITED 2/22/89

Ichang, 247

American Church Mission, 377

beggars, 400

Church of Scotland Mission Hospital, 285, 287

Episcopal cathedrals, chapels, and churches, 378

Evangelical Covenant Church, 92

Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, 214

photographs, 215

Trade School, 400

United Free Church of Scotland Mission hospital, 286

Ichow-fu,

maps, 56

Men's Medical Work, 273

Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 8, 23, 286, 276, 329, 355

Ideal Scrapbook, 317

idealism, 34, 238

identification, cultural, 7, 86, 117, 235

identity, and Chinese church, 314

ideology, 71, 175

idolatry, 6, 7, 165, 254

I Fang Girls' Collegiate School 50, 455

I Kwang High School (Hunan), 203

I Kwang Middle School, 204

I-li and Li-ki, 238

Illinois Wesleyan University, "non-resident and graduate degree program" for overseas missionaries, 90

illiteracy, 253, 325, 358, 359

illustrations, 65

Im Gartem der Makellosen, 240

Imen, Yunnan Mission, 225

immigration, 288

Chinese, 63, 104, 181

grandsons for support. There were young mothers with
babies at their breasts. There were children and old men.
There were policemen and postmen and soldiers. All were
tired and weary and sunburned. Some young Boy and Girl
Scouts were doing their good turn by carrying large jars
of vaseline to the sunburned people as they trudged back
to their homes.

2

officials, 314

and Yenching University, 288

Immortals, scroll of, 9

imperialism, 31, 67

and Christian missions, 384

economic, 384

evangelism, 66

women, 66

*In Search of a Miracle*, 292

indemnity, 77, 228, 287, 288

India, 72

Catholic missions, 119

Church of the Brethren, 124

educational philosophy, 67

evangelistic work, 124

medicine, 148, 289

villages in, 36

women 124, 259, 455, 459

Indians, South China, 355

indigenization, 196, 201

Indo-China, 224

May 6, 1939

Ningpo, Chekiang

I studied from 8:00 until 9:15 A.M. this morning and had planned to write some letters during the rest of the morning. But the bombers came at 9:30 A.M. and kept us in terror until 10:30. They carried on almost directly overhead again, so we could not see them.

Just as before we could hear each bomb as it fell through the air. Bombs make a hissing sound just like a skyrocket on the fourth of July with the exception that the hissing grows louder as the bomb approaches the earth, while the sound of the skyrocket grows fainter as it flies away. I have learned to tell whether the bomb is going to strike near us or far away by the loudness of the hissing sound it makes while dropping. Two bombs fell on our side of the river within about three blocks of us. The acrid smelling smoke of these bombs filled our house almost immediately after they burst. They have the common smell of gunpowder smoke. All of the bombs fell closer than before, most of them just around the other end of the bridge of boats.

As soon as the planes left I went out with Mr. Nie to take movies for him. On the way down the street we found the machine shop on fire and got men working on it before we went on. As we ran to the bombed areas the fire brigades, the police and the first aid units were just getting out of their hiding places and were running to their posts of duty. I filmed some of the worst scenes and fires and then came back home so that

3

cooperatives, 162, 167

development, 15, 157, 262

disputes and strikes, 287

leather manufacture, 275

missions, 159, 271

programs, 283

Infant's Hospital, 287

infanticide, 295, 343

influence, Western, 36

information technology, 395

Ing Hok, 51, 159, 322

Academy, 160

City Church, 51

Foochow College, 158

medical work, 37

Whitney Hospital, 159

Institute of Arts, 205

Mr. March could go and see.

As far as we could find out no person was either killed or injured today, although thousands of dollars worth of property was destroyed. An experience like this makes all the trips to the country worthwhile. The enemy came, but the enemy found that most of us were not at home!

May 10, 1939

Ningpo, Chekiang

I went to the hospital early this morning in order to get my annual physical examination before the daily air-raid. I had just crossed the ferry on my way home when the siren announced the approach of enemy planes. I was not far from an open space where there were some grave mounds and some small patches of rice and Chinese vegetables.

At the beginning of the raid I tried to hide between two grave mounds. They are usually cone shaped piles of earth about eight feet high. I was between two of these which were quite close together.

The planes bombed here and there in the city and then two of them went for the prison which was directly across the river from my hide-out. They swooped down low and machine gunned the place. When I saw them that low and headed in my direction I crawled into a patch of Chinese celery and lay at full length on my stomach. After flying back and forth awhile the planes went away. I pulled myself together, found that all parts were still attached in the proper places, and walked home.

5

International Institute of China (Mission Among the Higher Classes in China), 7, 8, 13, 31, 40, 49, 82, 102, 106, 142, 145, 146, 152, 164-5, 172, 177, 185, 219, 242, 253-4, 260, 261, 273, 278, 287, 299, 322, 354, 386, 387

International Red Cross, 153

International Settlement, 319

International Survey, 283

1

I DONE 5/28/89

Ichang, 247

American Church Mission, 377

beggars, 400

photographs, 215

Trade School, 400

Ichow-fu,

maps, 56

Men's Medical Work, 273

Ideal Scrapbook, 317

idealism, 34, 238

ideology, 71, 175

idolatry, 6, 7, 165, 254

I Kwang Middle School, 204

I-li and Li ki, 238

illustrations, 65

Im Garten der Makellosen, 240

Imen, Yunnan Mission, 225

immigration, 288

Chinese, 63, 104, 181

Mr. March could go and see.

September 10, 1940

Ningpo, Chekiang

The bombers came again this morning at eight o'clock.

Many people were killed.

I got a hypodermic syringe and needles from the
hospital to give my own injections, since the hospital
is too busy with bombing victims.

September 9, 1940

Ningpo, Chekiang

We have had four bombing raids in the last three
days and had another one this morning and again this
afternoon. I was on the way to the hospital for treat-
ment for sprue when the morning bombers came. During
the raid I hid in a trench near the river. Before the
all-clear signal had sounded load after load of wounded
people passed by on the way to the hospital. I realized
the doctors would be too busy for me and came back home.

5

political situation, 286

postwar problems, 362

Reference Committee, 327, 362

Shanghai, 35

Shaohsing, 289

South China, 49, 55, 270, 295, 327, 362

Ungkung, 327

West China, 49, 55, 270, 362

Yachow, 144

yearbook, 362

American Baptist Magazine, 293

American Baptist Missionary Union, 46, 180, 266, 293, 294, 361

Central China mission, 139

missionaries, 144

American Baptist Seminary of the West, 3

American Benedictine Foundation, 233

American Bible Society, 16, 48, 63, 87, 109, 157, 160, 196, 247, 252, 286, 334, 354, 364, 379

and American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 252

Bible translations, 63

and British and Foreign Bible Society, 63, 252

Changsha, 109

China Advisory Council, 252

China Agency, 252, 270

China missions, 253

Committee on Versions, 270

Foreign Agencies Committee, 252

Hong Kong, 252

Peking Sub-Agency, 9, 236, 270

photographs, 252

poster, 127

radio broadcasts, 252

relations with Chinese government, 252

Vale-Torrance Case, 52

West China Agency, 51

American Board. See American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 3, 29, 36, 41, 49, 57, 64, 77, 91, 96, 97, 132, 152, 159, 161, 162, 163, 172, 180, 194, 202, 221, 222, 246, 247, 258, 261, 262, 268, 272, 286, 289, 320, 325, 361, 354, 353, 415

Ad Interim Committee, 164

almanac, 152, 172

and American Bible Society, 252

and American opinions, 250

September 11, 1940

Ningpo, Chekiang

The air-raid alarm woke us out of a sound sleep this morning at 5:30 A.M. I rolled over, looked out of the window, and said to Ellen, "It is too cloudy this morning - the planes must be going to some other place."
Ellen started to dress, but I dozed off again.

I had hardly had time to sink into dreamland before I could hear a dull throbbing in the air. At the same time the gate bells began to jingle like mad. People were rushing into the compound. I jumped out of bed and into my clothes while Ellen grabbed Edward in one arm and his clothes in another.

By the time we were able to get downstairs, the planes were on us. Because of the low clouds ceiling they flew close to the roof tops with a roar like angry bulls. We put pillows on the floor just under the central doorway between the dining room and the living rooms, and sat down there to dress Edward.

As we dressed him the planes roared back and forth over our compound and he kept saying "Airplane-noise! Airplane-noise!" We answered as calmly as possible, "Yes, airplane noise."

For forty-five minutes the planes dived and swooped and circled over the city. We thought that perhaps they would not bomb us after all - that they were just taking pictures and inspecting the city in a search for soldiers

6

Knowles Bible Training School (Kiukiang), 326

Kowloon and Kwangtung, 298

Nanking Bible Training School, 274

North China Bible School, 389

North China Union Bible Institute, 275

Peking Union Bible Training School for Women, 275

Primary and Junior Baptist Women's Bible School, 389

Shih Yu Bible Institute, 370

Soochow University Bible School, 85

students, 70, 77, 292, 305

teachers, 109

Tientsin Bible School, 127

Training School for Bible Women (Hankow), 279

Union Bible School for Women, 227, 259

Woman's Union Bible Training School (Peking), 121

YW Home and Bible Training School, 36

Bible societies, 49, 51, 55, 278, 286

American, 9, 48, 109, 236, 252, 354, 364, 379

British, 45, 91, 108, 252, 330

Kentucky, 246

Bible Society Record, 33, 252

Bible stories, 9, 33, 338

Bible Union League, 353

Bible Union of China, 40, 64, 278, 368, 409

Bible women, Chinese, 201

bible work, 52

Bibles, 57, 82, 83, 97, 98, 140, 161, 163, 172, 212, 218, 235, 249, 262, 282, 330, 333, 390

Amoy dialect, 82, 232, 248, 292

Bunan dialect, 9

Cantonese, 248

Ch'ao chow dialect, 82

children's bible picture book, 348

and China, 34, 378

Chinese language, 9, 63, 91, 95, 97, 98, 107, 108, 117, 118, 127, 128, 134, 137, 143, 161, 181, 207, 216, 232, 236, 246, 248, 252, 253, 282, 292, 296, 302, 306, 308, 310, 325, 360, 370, 380, 391, 401

Book of Daniel, 266

Book of Ezra, 39

Book of Job, 39

outline of, 257

phonetic, 117, 128, 343

and Christian culture, 116, 140

or crowds of people. We wondered what they would think of the new sandbag room we were putting on our bomb shelter and whether they would bomb it out of suspicion of military activity, as they did another American Mission compound this week.

Just as we thought that perhaps they would go away without bombing, the bombs began to fall, fortunately for us and unfortunately for others, not very close to us.

All this time Edward insisted on looking at the pictures in a magazine called "Popular Aviation." As the bombs fell he would say "Airplane-noise!" then point to pictures of airplanes in the magazine and say, "Pretty airplane!" There was one quarter-plate in red picture of an American manufactured bomb. When he pointed to that and said, "Pretty airplane !" Out of respect to truth we had to explain to him that the picture was a bomb and not an airplane. Then he said, "Bomb? Not airplane?" And we said, "Yes, that is a bomb, not an airplane."

The planes flew away shortly after seven, leaving burned out shops, broken homes, orphans, crippled, bewildered and dead behind them.

September 12, 1940

Ningpo, Chekiang

Edward and I got caught in a bad place today.
Air-raid alarms are usually all finished for the day
by four-thirty in the afternoon so I put Edward on my
bicycle and we started out for a place near the south
gate of the city to buy some tree stumps for winter
firewood.

As we crossed the big bridge into the area of the
city which has been badly bombed these last few days,
we found ourselves facing crowds of people on their way
back into the city from their days refuge in country
hiding places.

As we turned into a sidestreet leading to our
destination, we found it blocked by a huge bomb crater
about twenty feet deep and forty feet in diameter. Just
as we turned back into the main street all of the people
turned and ran out toward the edge of the city again
shouting, the alarm! The airplanes are coming back!"
I realized to try to get back home would be most dan-
gerous, since that would mean going through the business
section of the city, which had been the target for many
bombs. To stay where I was would be just as dangerous,
since the last bombing attack had been made exactly in
that area only about an hour before. To follow the crowd
was also dangerous since the planes had recently machine
gunned street crowds. So I quickly found a tiny side
street, into which we turned. I could not pedal as fast

9

See also Quakers

American Home Missionary Society, 151

American Hospital for Refugees, 50

American Jesuits in China (San Francisco), 424

American Leprosy Missions, 49, 224, 258

American Medical Women's Association, 348

American Mercury, 388

American Methodist Episcopal Mission Press (Foochow), 444

American Mission to the Lepers, 258

American missionaries. See missionaries, American.

American Missionary Association, 180

American missions. See missions, American.

American Norwegian China Mission Society, 456

American Presbyterian Church (Canton), 327

American Presbyterian Mission Press, 246, 437

catalogue of books, 9, 82, 354

Foochow, 461

Shanghai, 472, 481

American Protestant Mission Service, mail routes, 42

American School in China, 130

American School (Kikungshan), 92, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205

evacuation, 202, 203, 204

post-war reopening, 204

and Shanghai American School, 205

American School (Paak Hok Tung), 203

American Tract Society, 246

American University Club (Shanghai), 271

American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers), 28

American Women's Club, 5

as I wanted to since the flagstone paving was so rough
it kept bouncing Edward off his little saddle onto the
crossbar.

It seemed like ages before we got out into the open.
At every intersection were crowds of people running to
hide. The street noises and the bumping bicycle made it
impossible to hear the approach of planes. I just kept
going as steadily as possible, avoiding crowded places
and headed for the open country.

I had to carry bicycle, Edward et al over two high
stone bridges where the crowds were dangerously thick.
Then we got out into an open place with a canal on one
side and grave mounds on the other. We had to go quite
a long distance before we could find unoccupied grave
mounds to hide in.

The place we finally chose had only a few people
there ahead of us. The corpse of a child lay wrapped
in straw matting beside a grave mound - evidently the
remains of a child whose parents had been too poor to
have even a rough box for burial.

We sat there, not more than eighteen feet from that
long straw package - the living taking refuge among the
dead. After awhile - in the stillness of that grave-
yard - we could hear the all-clear siren in the distance.

Then one by one people began to emerge from behind
the grave mounds near which we sat. We, too, left the
dead to their graves and went back to the city of the

10

American Women's Hospital Service, 349

Amherst College, 286

Amherst College Biographical Record, 150

Amoy, 62, 73, 119, 173, 174, 176, 187, 261

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 40, 67, 164, 231, 232, 354 159, 256

Anglo-Chinese College, 271

fall to Japan, 190

girls' school, 171, 278

hospitals, 271, 286, 288

hymns, 39

leprosy clinics, 224

London Missionary Society, 45, 91, 108, 134

maps, 189, 232, 242

medical missionaries, 11, 169

Methodists in, 146

missions and missionaries in, 116, 152, 232, 397, 260, 159, 256

187, 188, 189, 270

New York Board of Foreign Missions, 152

photographs, 190

Reformed Church in America, 56, 190, 231, 276 187, 188, 189, 270

mission hospital, 286, 288

Women's Board of Foreign Missions, 261

songs, 190

Union Middle School, 9, 277

U.S. consulate in, 62

U.S. Navy in, 263

Wilhelmina Hospital, 270

Young Men's Christian Association, 278

Amoy dialect, 63, 82, 232, 248, 292

Amoy Induction, 45, 91, 108, 134

Amoy University, 286

Amoy University Magazine, 281

Analecta Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Capucchinorum, 293

ancestor worship, 246, 247, 249, 270, 355
and Christianity, 37, 98

ancestral tablets, 132

Andover Newton Theological School, 172

11

Andover Theological Seminary, 168

Anfu, leprosaria in, 224

Anglican Communion in China and Hongkong, 271, 372, 408, 434

Anglicans and Anglicanism, 98, 181, 317, 365

Anglo-American School (Kuling), 273, 377

Anglo-Chinese Academy (Soochow), 271

Anglo-Chinese College (Chung hsi shu yüan), 45, 50, 84, 85, 91,
108, 134, 194, 203, 229, 265

Amoy, 271

Foochow, 38, 203, 266, 271, 281, 317, 326, 331

Malacca, 245

and Malacca Mission Station, 246

Shanghai, 271

Tientsin, 277, 279

Yangkow, 202

Anglo-Chinese School, 222, 227, 271

Anhui (Anhwei), 170

Advent Christian Church, 89

agricultural improvement activities in, 11

American Advent Mission Society (Lai Fu Hui), 89

American Episcopal Diocese, 408

China Inland Mission, 111, 114

Disciples of Christ, 368

Honan-Anhwei Baptist Bible School, 370

Kiangsi-Anhui Christian Rural Service Union, 159, 227, 259

Methodist missionaries in, 201

missions in, 110

photographs, 215

Southern Baptist Convention, 389

Wuhu General Hospital, 292

animal husbandry, Lingnan University, 361

animism, 21, 116

Anki Red Cross Hospital, 271

Anking, 385, 408, 451

arrival at, 385

bishop, 378, 385

China Inland Mission, 109

Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui, 445

churches, 377, 378

October 18, 1940

Ningpo, Chekiang

At the 9:15 P.M. news report last night the word
came that the American state department has advised all
Americans to return home from Japan, China, Manchuria,
French Indo China and the Dutch East Indies.

This is not an order, it is advice; and by making
such formal advice the government throws off all re-
sponsibility for Americans who suffer from the result
of any action taken by the government. I suppose it is
the efficient way for a government to act, although we
have noticed that the British government very rarely
makes such pronouncements as this.

The British government has announced the opening
of the Burma highway.

So these three things: Calling up of American Naval
Reserves, advice to evacuate Americans from all of East
Asia and the re-opening of the Burma route lead us to
expect the use of force by the combined American and
British navies in the Pacific.

This action will make all philanthropic work in
East Asia more difficult. National antagonism will
drive more Americans out of Japan and Japanese occupied
territory than the call of the American government.

If the Japanese use their planes and bombs on
American and British missions in free China they are
apt to strike at us. It appears wise to me to have a
place of refuge prepared.

12

daily life and customs, 385

Diocese of, 281, 372, 377, 385, 408, 445

Episcopal Church, 372, 373, 377, 378, 385, 408, 445

evacuation, 385

hospitals, 286, 288, 377, 378, 384, 385

Japanese Garrison Commander, 386

language study, 109, 114

liberation of, by PLA, 386

missions and missionaries, 57, 113, 378, 386

Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S., 286, 288

St. Agnes School, 276

St. James Hospital, 377, 378, 384, 385

St. Paul's High School, 395

Salley Stuart Memorial School, 378

temples and pagodas, 378

Trinity Chapel, 378

Anking Ch'ing Pao (Air Raid Alarm), 385

Anlu, 286, 363

Anlung, leprosaria in, 224

Annalen der Gesellschaft zur Verbreitung des Glaubens, 315

Annales de la Congrégation de la Mission, 213, 241, 249

Annales de la Congregation de la Mission ou Receuil de Lettres
Edifiantes, 72

Annales de la Propagation de la Foi, 72, 315, 401

Annales de la Propagation de la Foi pour la Province de Québec,
72

Annales de la Société des Missions, 72

Annales de l'Association de la Propagation de la Foi, 69

Annales de l'Oeuvre de la Sainte-Enfance, 315

Annales domus Zi-Ka-Wei S.J. Pars prima ab ejus primordio ad
finem anni, 72

Annalist, The (Albion College newspaper), 181

Annals of the Congregation of the Mission, 241, 249, 343

Annals of the Propagation of the Faith, 66, 72, 315

Annals of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, 337

As for going back to America, it is just now a
physical impossibility. There is no way to leave Ningpo
by sea. All ships leaving Shanghai for America are
booked up until the end of January. The route through
the interior and down the Burma highway would be more
dangerous with a small boy than staying here. Besides
we are expecting another baby the middle of next month
and Ellen will not be able to do the kind of travel
necessary to leave.

13

Anning, Yunnan Mission, 225

Annuals of the Messengers of Hope, 188

Ante-Nicene fathers, writings of, 98

anthropology, 78, 96, 218, 219, 397

anti-Americanism, at Fukien Christian University, 203

anti-Bolshevism, 421

anti-Christian sentiment, 13, 19, 31, 40, 45, 73, 82, 98, 105, 106, 183, 181, 191, 199, 286, 314, 287, 288, 322, 334, 361, 387, 396

and Chinese gentry and officials, 71, 102, 323, 394, 395,

and Chinese church, 21, 58, 235, 281

Nationalist policies, 207

and Protestant missions, 3, 31, 88, 116, 124, 149, 243, 235, 253, 281, 357, 391

riots, 7

significance of, 153,

Swatow, 47, 359

Anti-Cobweb Society, 164

anti-Communist sentiment, 201

anti-foreignism, 46, 60, 85, 124, 127, 198, 202, 207, 249, 287, 288, 298, 309, 314, 363, 396,

among Chinese gentry, 296

in Chinese bureaucracy, 400

and missionary movement, 244

Peking, 241

riots, 7

Sinyang, 204

anti-missionary sentiment, 14, 27, 37, 67, 179, 232

by Chinese officials, 107, 370, 380

riots, 32, 132, 139, 165, 166

Anti-Narcotic Society (Tientsin), 271

Anti-Opium League, 271

anti-Western religious movements, 119

antigen, 331

Anting Hospital (Peking), 29, 235, 271

Antioch College, 286

October 30, 1940

Ningpo, Chekiang

Carolyn was born at two-thirty this morning. At eight o'clock this morning I had my Chinese language examinations on The Book of Common Prayer and in Religious Terms. At ten o'clock I met my regular classes at school.

This afternoon we had a telegram regarding the withdrawal of Americans from danger points. We are advised to leave immediately. We wired back that we will stay until school is out.