TUESDAY MORNING, 11 DECEMBER 1973

BALTIMORE SUN 11 DECEMBER 1973 PAGE 12

Cost analyst back
at Pentagon desk

Washington (AP) A. Ernest Fitzgerald, the Pentagon cost analyst fired after he exposed a $2 billion cost overrun, returned to work yesterday, as ordered by the Civil Service Commission.

From his desk, Mr. Fitzgerald said, the Air Force has restored him for the moment to his old job overseeing some weapons systems.

At the same time, the Air Force has proposed transferring him to a new job which Mr. Fitzgerald says he cannot

accept because it has less responsibility and authority than the old one.

Mr. Fitzgerald was fired in January, 1970, and waged a three-year successful fight through the Civil Service Commission for reinstatement.

That was ordered last September, but Mr. Fitzgerald has been negotiating with the Air Force since then over the position he will hold, and other matters like back pay and lawyers' fees totalling about $200,000.

NATO -- CONTINUED

hurts Holland. They claimed the Soviet Union encouraged the Arabs to use oil as a weapon in order to divide NATO.

KISSINGER SAID U. S. actions in the Middle East were as much for the benefit of Europe as for America. He explained the American arms airlift to Israel and the U. S. military alert but asked the delegations to keep the details to themselves.

Kissinger has insisted that a public airing of details would damage America's efforts with the U. S. S. R. to work out a Middle East settlement.

The 15 foreign ministers met behind closed doors.

The only interruption came when Jobert complained that the U. S., on its own, had made a nuclear pact with the Soviet Union last June.

"There's been too much misrepresentation," Kissinger intervened sharply. He said the U. S. had discussed the agreement in advance with NATO members and that, in any event, it did not negate America's "nuclear guarantee" to West Europe.

THE GENERAL theme of all delegations was the need to continue the alliance. Even Jobert said Europe has no replacement for American nu-

HILL -- CONTINUED

were shot to death in Cordoba, Argentina.

Hill is a blunt-talking, politically conservative, businessman-diplomat whose association with Mr. Nixon dates back to the President's successful 1968 campaign for the White House. Hill served on the Republican National Committee's foreign policy task force and was chairman of the President's campaign committee dealing with foreign policy matters.

clear forces.

NATO Secretary-General Josef Lins repeated his annual warning that the Soviet Union, while speaking softly, is carrying an ever-growing stick. He said European members, with defense budgets totaling $40 billion, must do more to help the U. S. with its $80 billion military budget.

Others agreed in principle—but only Belgium pledged to contribute more.

Emphasizing "the things that hold Europe together," Kissinger said movement toward a united Europe is not incompatible with NATO and is strongly favored by the United States.

American and European interests are indivisible, he added, but NATO must seek a more positive and creative era. Kissinger said consultative arrangements must be improved, perhaps by regular meetings of high-ranking officials.

WASHINGTON POST 11 DECEMBER 1973 PAGE C-2

Military
Medical
School Set

The only military medical school in the country will be built on the grounds of the Bethesda Naval Hospital, Defense Secretary James R. Schlesinger announced yesterday.

The school, authorized by Congress in anticipation of a decline in the number of physicians entering military service because of the end of the draft, is expected to open in

1978 and begin graduating at least 100 doctors a year by 1982.

The law authorizing the school specified that the facility be located within 25 miles of Washington. The Pentagon did not announce what sites other than Bethesda were considered for school.

Students who enter the medical school will be commissioned as officers in one of the military services immediately and receive full pay and benefits while they are attending the school, according to a Defense Department spokesman. Following graduation from the school, the doctors will be obligated to serve seven years on active military duty, the spokesman said.

SAIGON...........CONTINUED

year will give about $370 million plus some $175 million in commodity aid. In addition, Vietnam hopes to get some smaller grants and loans from France, Japan, West Germany, the World Bank and the Asia Development Bank.

"Vietnam will just squeak by," one U.S. economist says. But it surely won't prosper.

Rice imports this year will add up to some 350,000 tons, and next year's imports will be higher yet. Yet this in one of the world's natural rice-exporting nations. The Saigon consumer-price index is up 62% so far this year, compared with about 20% last year. The burden of this inflation naturally falls most heavily on fixed-wage earners like soldiers and civil servants.

1. Domestic investment capital, meanwhile, is tight. And foreign investors continue to shy away because of the war, the lack of investment guarantees and the continuing problems of red tape and corruption.

Despite economic problems, there seems to be little serious non-Communist political opposition to President Thieu. There are the perennial shopworn alternatives like Duong Van Minh, Tran Van Don and Nguyen Cao Ky. But time and events seem to have passed them by. Bright and idealistic younger Vietnamese are around - Army majors, and technocrats and social reformers-but time and events haven't yet caught up with them. Vietnam remains a nation of war-polarized politics, and there still seems to be no room for "third forces." (The main politicking going on these days is within the heavily guarded presidential palace, where Hoang Duc Nha, the president's nephew and confidential secretary, and Nguyen Van Nga, the president's special assistant, appear to be engaged in petty power struggles.)

2. It peace ever comes to Vietnam, President Thieu, whose power base remains heavily military, might have to take the non-Communist political opposition seriously. But there is little danger of peace coming to Vietnam anytime soon.

ALLIANCE...........CONTINUED

Europeans should feel and act with that confidence. If they should ever feel compelled to act so as to appease or placate the Soviet Union, the effect will be quite predictable. There will be an end to the slow progress toward a unified Europe, which could play more of a role both in world affairs and its own defense, and gradual erosion of the links with the U.S.

The consequences would be catastrophic. The coming decades will require close collaboration among the U.S., Western Europe, and Japan to cope with an interdependent world. They will have to work together continuously for their security, prosperity, access to raw materials, control of the environment, and relations with the less developed countries. Such collaboration will not be feasible if Europe remains impotent and unorganized, and loses its freedom to choose its own way.

The alliance and the presence of substantial American forces in Europe, which underwrite and reinforce the sense of security and confidence, are indispensable foundations for such cooperation in a wide range of critical fields. Both the U.S. and Western Europe must give high priority to keeping those foundations intact.

Dr. Bowie is a member of the Harvard Center for International Affairs and of the Harvard faculty.

SAN DIEGO UNION - 25 NOVEMBER 1973(12/12)

# Manned Bombers Role Assessed By Air Force

By ROBERT BETTS
Copley News Service

Armchair warriors may argue about whether manned-bombers have any longer a place in modern warfare. There is no argument among those who have prime responsibility for this nation's defense-the men of Strategic Air Command.

Anybody who downgrades the bomber as an obsolete weapon in the nuclear age gets quickly shot down by the members of that dedicated force-particularly by SAC's aircrews who flew B-52s over Southeast Asia.

What happened over Hanoi and Haiphong, they say, was a clear vindication of manned-bombers and the concept of a bomber-missile nuclear deterrent.

Gen. Gerald W. Johnson, who commanded 8th Air Force at the time of the big B-52 offensives over North Vietnam, said: "I think the strategic bomber was really used in the role for which it was designed-to have a target available, to know your target, aim and strike your target, then have the opportunity to assess the results...I see a vital role for the land bomber for some years to come."

## 1950 TECHNOLOGY

The B-52, however, while it has demonstrated its value in a strategic deterrent role and as a conventional bomber in Southeast Asia, represents 1950 technology. The last B-52 was delivered to SAC more than 10 years ago.

The bomber that is designed to replace it-the B-1-will take advantage of the many advances made in airframe, engine and avionics during the last 20 years.

The new variable-wing geometry bomber will have a supersonic speed at high altitude and high subsonic speeds at lower levels.

Smaller than the B-52, it will be capable of intercontinental missions even without aerial refueling. It will have a quick takeoff capability and will be able to carry practically any type of ordinance now in the Air Force inventory, plus advanced weapons which are being studied or developed.

## EARLY 1980

SAC expects delivery of its first production model B-1 in 1979, but it will be early 1980 before an initial operational capability is attained. The first test flight is scheduled for mid-1974. Rockwell International Corp., El Segundo, Calif., and the General Electric Co., Evendale, Ohio, are airframe and propulsion contractors, respectively.

"Few programs loom larger on the horizon than the B-1 and all that it implies for the nation's strategic posture," said Gen. John C. Meyer, SAC commander in chief.

"The B-1 is val to the future deterrent posture of the Strategic Air Command and the capability of the Air Force. And, most important, it is vital to the future of our nation's security."

Today the United States

strategic deterrent depends heavily on the SAC bomber force.

To provide a variety of response options to all levels of Communist military aggression, U.S. defense policy is based on the concept of flexibility, in which strategic forces are comprised of a mix of weapons systems. SAC bombers and land-launched intercontinental ballistic missiles join with Navy sea-launched ballistic missiles to form a strategic triad.

Defense officials point out that the triad concept of deterrence exploits the inherent characteristic of each of these weapons systems, compounds the enemy's targeting and defense problems, and assures that an unforeseen enemy technological development does not negate the entire U.S. strategic posture.

## MULTIPLE TARGETS

SAC bombers, capable of striking multiple targets with a variety of weapons on a single mission, are considered the most flexible element of the triad. Bombers can be launched to demonstrate national resolve and during periods of heightened international tension. Being under positive control, they provide national command authority the option to strike or recall as the situation dictates. Manned aircraft are not committed to a predetermined course, and can readily adjust to the changing conditions of a dynamic combat environment.

## Buyers and Sellers

AVIATION WEEK - 10 DECEMBER 1973(12)

Top Defense officials of both the U.S. and Israel were traveling abroad last week in attempts to buy and sell armaments. Moshe Dayan, Israeli defense minister, was scheduled to meet with U. S. Deputy Defense Secretary William P. Clements, Jr., late last week in an attempt to secure new arms for Israel. Heading Dayan's wants-dubbed the "Santa Claus list" by Clements-was the LTV Aerospace Lance battlefield support missile. The Lance is capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, but the Israelis are not believed to have a warhead that would fit it now. Instead the Lance is being looked on as a likely counter to any conventional-warhead Scud missiles that the Soviets may turn over to Egypt.

U. S. Defense Secretary James R. Schlesinger, meanwhile, was in Europe last week for the semi-annual North Atlantic Treaty Organization defense planning committee meeting and was expected to approach several NATO countries, particularly the Federal Republic of Germany, about participation in funding continued development of the Air Force/Boeing E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS). Participation in AWACS development could be used to offset partially the cost of U. S. forces in Europe and would be appropriate, Defense officials contend, because the system's principal use would be in the European environment. Some NATO nations already have expressed an interest in buying the aircraft. A testbed version completed a three-week tour of Europe last spring (AW&ST May 14, p. 13).

3-F

..."SHAPING A DURABLE PEACE," p. 2

...WATERGATE SPEECH - II, p. 16

# PRESIDENT NIXON'S FOREIGN POLICY REPORT

## Summary

First-day comment in foreign media on President Nixon's 1973 report to the Congress on U.S. foreign policy for the 1970's reflected national and regional concerns about its implications.

Many observers in Western Europe perceived a "warning" to discontinue the European course toward "economic regionalism" or face loss of U.S. military protection.

"--Duesseldorf's *Rheinische Post* noted "an alarming passage... which reproaches the Europeans for creating a regional economic entity and simultaneously wanting American protection...."

"--Financial *Les Echos* of Paris said "the threat... is perfectly clear.... The warning is not new... but it is the first time Nixon himself has with such bluster linked the commercial and military relations between Europe and the U.S."

A number of West European commentators examined U.S. foreign relations in the light of Chancellor Brandt's Washington visit.

Japan's Fuji-TV carried the remark of a correspondent that "the tone" of the President's "warning" on correction of Japan-U.S. trade imbalance "could be taken as a threat."

Seoul's *Kyunghyang Shinmun* cautioned that if the U.S. neglects Asian affairs in "the Year of Europe... the consequences may be catastrophic."

Moscow TASS gave an account of the report in positive terms, except for the observation that the President offered no proposal for easing Middle East tension, "one of the prime causes of which is the unceasing support given by the U.S. to Israel's aggressive policy."

Hanoi and Viet Cong media condemned Mr. Nixon's "threats" of revived confrontation with the U.S. Peking has not mentioned the report.

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### London: "Basic Text of U.S. Thinking"

British media observers today examined the President's foreign policy report with sober approval.

The independent *Times* of London described it as "a broad and thoughtful review which must now be taken as the basic text on American thinking."

For Europe, the paper said, "the most important point is that although he links trade and defense, he does not suggest that the American commitment to Europe will be bargained against the trade policies of the European Community or against political concessions from the Soviet Union. This is clearly right."

### Brandt Visit and "Year of Europe"

A *Times* correspondent reporting yesterday on the Washington visit of Chancellor Willy Brandt remarked that the West Germans "wonder, like everyone else, how President Nixon's domestic disasters will affect his foreign policy."

He added: "Most important of all, and the main subject of Herr Brandt's talks with the President, are the relations between the U.S. and the members of the EEC... The West Germans clearly expect the Year of Europe to be difficult."

### "Europe Take Note"

The conservative *Daily Telegraph* found "some of the sharpest and most analytical passages" of the President's report in the section on Europe and the Atlantic Alliance. It discerned "strong intimations that America feels somehow let down by developments in Europe." The paper concluded:

"At the present stage of the debate... it rather looks like a case of everyone telling everyone else that something ought to be done and then waiting for the other chaps to do it or suggest it. That is probably inevitable in a period when so many important developments are proceeding together, some in parallel, others apparently on collision courses. But it is the duty of statesmen to think ahead. European leaders, take note."

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The Washington correspondent of the liberal *Guardian* of Manchester and London declared: "The U.S. believes that the conceptual basis for the future defense of Europe needs to be established before the opening of the East-West talks on MBFR in the autumn."

"Appeal for Spirit of Partnership"

U.S. editor Paul Lewis of the independent London *Financial Times* considered it "clear" from the President's report that "in the American view the approaching trade and security negotiations are linked, as the U.S. believes the technical difficulties involved in each may prove insurmountable without some new agreement on common political goals between the partners in the Atlantic Alliance." He added:

"Although the message does not mention the idea of an Atlantic charter specifically, the President's appeal for a new spirit of partnership clearly points in that direction."

Reporting yesterday on the Nixon-Brandt meeting, Lewis suggested that "Herr Brandt's remarks should not be taken as more than a hint that the President may be hoping for a summit meeting with the Nine in the autumn since the whole project is the source of some dissension among the Community leaders."

West German Headlines

West German papers today gave front page play to news stories on the foreign policy report. These were headlines:

"U.S. GOVERNMENT CENSURES EUROPEANS' ATTITUDES"
(Frankfurter Allgemeine)

"U.S. CALLS FOR NEW COURSE FOR ALLIANCE"
(General-Anzeiger, Bonn)

"U.S. BASIC QUESTIONS STRAIN RELATIONS WITH EEC"
(Muenchner Merkur, Munich)

Some papers headlined the "warning" to Hanoi and the pledge that U.S. troops would remain in Europe.

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