Al-Kawalis

Nov. 3/4, 1973

Mr. Neumann's news conference

The American Ambassador gave a news conference last Friday morning. It was attended by representatives of the national and foreign press. The Ambassador was irritated because the questions, in his opinion, were embarrassing and premature. Consequently, he declined to answer the greater part of the questions. The representative of "Sawt At-Talib" newspaper protested verbally and withdraw from the auditorium.

In reply to Palestine Liberation Organization's representative who asked "what would be your personal feeling if an another nation came in annihilated the American people and displaced them" the Ambassador said "I am an Ambassador and do not have a personal view"

Q- Morocco has sent two expeditionary forces to Syria and Egypt. Some members of the two contingents died on the "ground of honor" by American arms. Do you feel sad when you take up appointment in the homeland of those soldiers where you will stay three years or more?

A- The death of a single soldiers does not only cause my sadness but of mankind as well because the issue is humanitarian before anything else.

Q- Does Mr. Kissinger intend to consult with the Palestinian people concerning peace in the Middle East in their capacity as a party to the conflict?

A- I can not say what Mr. Kissinger has in mind.

Q- What is the attitude of Mr. Kissinger concerning the Syrian declaration which rejected his visit to Syria.

A- A denial has been issued. According to what I read in the American press during the last two days there have been contacts in Washington during the visit of the Syrian Foreign Minister to prepare for the visit. The contacts will be completed during the coming few days.

FK.

NOVEMBER 5, 1973

EDITORIAL

RECONCILIATION OF THE DESCENDANTS OF ABRAHAM

"We salute today the arrival of Mr Kissinger, who whom Morocco is glad to welcome, not only at the representatives of an important friendly country, but also as a determined partisan of better relations between countries, of pacific cooperation between nations, independently of their political ideology and of their economic policy.", writes _LE MATIN_ of Mr Kissinger's visit.

Then _LE MATIN_ stresses the old relations which exist between Morocco and the United States, and recalls that Morocco was among the very first nations to recognize the United States independence. "Le MATIN" also quotes some excerpts of letter addressed by King Mohammed III to George Washington in December 1789, about a recent friendship treaty signed by the two countries.

"The fact that Mr Kissinger is starting his tour in Morocco, says _LE MATIN_, bears testimony to this old friendship."

"Recalling also the friendship treaties renewed in 1791 and in 1837, _LE MATIN_ writes that "Morocco and the United States have been offering since then the example of a never altered cordiality."

Then "_LE MATIN_ recalls that Morocco has always protected those who had suffered racial discriminations and religious persecutions elsewhere. Morocco was a shelter for Jews coming from Europe and King Mohammed V refused to apply, in Morocco, Mazi measures concerning Jews.

It is again in 1943 that Anfa conference took place with President Roosevelt, on Moroccan land; while Moroccan troops fought on the side of the allies.

Page 2.

"For all these reasons, Mr Kissinger will find in the person of King Hassan II an x obvious interlocutor who could not be better chosen in this difficult moment. If there never was any misunderstanding between the U.S. and the Arab world during these twenty five past years, here is the best opportunity to dissipate it."

"Mr Kissinger, pilgrim of international peace, is probably aware that the Middle-East problem does not only involve Arab and Jews, but also the Palestinian people. The United States is then engaged in a double responsibility carried out by Mr Kissinger who already succeeded in Peking and Moscow. It is also the interest of the United States to put an end to the Middle-East problem."

"The solution to the Middle-East, Mr Kissinger will be more convinced when he leaves Rabat, must include the evacuation by Israel of all the occupied territories. All means must be used to put an end to the conflict and nothing is impossible for men of good will."

"Mr Kissinger has already proved that he has good will and imagination. This is why we hope so firmly for this reconciliation of the descendants of Abraham."

ARTICLE PUBLIE PAR

MAROC SOIR

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5 NOVEMBRE

1973

## Editorial

# RÉCONCILIER LES DESCENDANTS D'ABRAHAM

Lettre ouverte a M. Henry Kissinger.

Nous saluons, aujourd'hui, la venue de M. Henry Kissinger, que le Maroc est heureux de recevoir, non seulement en qualité de représentant éminent d'un grand Etat ami, mais en tant que partisan, déterminé, de la détente et de l'ouverture internationales et comme artisan de la coopération pacifique entre les Etats, indépendamment de leur idéologie politique et de leur régime économique.

Le Maroc est d'autant plus heureux de l'accueillir que l'amitié entre nos deux pays ne date pas d'hier: elle a l'âge même des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, puisque le Maroc fut un des premiers, sinon le premier, à reconnaître l'indépendance de la grande Fédération américaine et à signer, avec elle, un traité d'amitié, ainsi qu'en témoigne la lettre adressée le 1er décembre 1789 à S.M. Mohammed III par le président George Washington, qui assurait le Souverain marocain, qu'il prendrait « toutes les mesures nécessaires pour que les relations entre nos pays soient maintenues et entretenues d'une manière qui plaise à Votre Majesté et qui satisfasse les parties en cause. » Et, dans le même message, le premier Président américain ajoutait: « J'ai reçu les lettres que Votre Majesté Impériale a eu la bonté d'écrire en faveur des Etats-Unis aux Pachas de Tunis et de Tripoli. Je vous en accuse réception et vous présente les sincères remerciements des Etats-Unis pour une aussi grande manifestation d'amitié entre nous. »

Le souvenir de ce premier service rendu par le Royaume du Maroc à la jeune République américaine, apparaît aujourd'hui, comme un témoignage historique de l'heureux choix qu'a fait M. Kissinger, en commençant par le Maroc, la mission itinérante de quête de la paix qu'il entreprend. Depuis cette époque, le traité d'amitié conclu entre les deux pays, renouvelé en 1791, puis en 1837, est resté la base des relations entre le Maroc et les Etats-Unis, qui offrent le rare exemple de relations jamais altérées ni détériorées, n'ayant subi aucune éclipse au

(Suite en page 2)

Ahmed ALAOUI

NOVEMBER 5, 1973

"MAROC-SOIR"

Front Page:

MR. HENRY KISSINGER TODAY IN RABAT.

First stop of a tour through Arab Capitals to discuss with
the leaders of these countries the means to reach fair and
lasting peace.

Mr. Kissinger expected in Rabat by the end of the afternoon.
List of main officials accompanying the State Secretary Arab Capitals
included in the tour.

Mr. Kissinger also might stop in Damascus.

Main objective of the tour: To know Arab leaders point of view
about the means able to lead to a fair and lasting peace in the
Middel-East.

Before leaving Washington this morning Mr. Kissinger received
last instructions from Pt. Nixon, during a 40 minutes, Conversation
yesterday. During this telephone conversation Mr. Kissinger probably
briefed President Nixon on his talks with Ismail Fahmi and Golda Meir.

Diplomat President Nixon on his talks with Ismail Fahmi and Golds Meir.
Yesterday. During this telephone conversation Mr. Kissinger probably
last instructions from Pt. Nixon, during a 40 minutes' conversation
Before leaving Washington this morning Mr. Kissinger received
Middel-East.

about the means able to lead to a fair and lasting peace in the
Main objective of the tour: To know Arab leaders point of view
Mr. Kissinger also might stop in Damascus.

included in the tour.

List of main officials accompanying the State Secretary Arab Capital
Mr. Kissinger expected in Rabat by the end of the afternoon.

Lasting peace.

First stop of a tour through Arab capitals to discuss with
the leaders of these countries the means to reach fair and

Front Page:

"MAROC-20IR"

NOVEMBER 2, 1973

NOVEMBER 5, 1973

"MAGHREB INFROMATIONS"

Uncertainty about the American efforts
because of the zionist attitude

ARRIVAL TODAY IN RABAT OF M. HENRY KISSINGER

Recalling recent contacts of M. Kissinger with Egyptian Foreign Affairs Minister, M. Fahmi, and Mrs. Golda Meir, "Maghreb Informations" writes that Washington is feeling now some doubt about the results of the State Secretary's Mission, because of Egypt position toward the cease-of-fire line of October 22, and because of the Isreal position toward the question of the prisoners.

"Maghreb Informations" also underlines that, thanks to M. Zakarya, Syrian Vice-President of Foreign Affairs with whom M. Kissinger had talks recently, the U.S. was able to restablish a dialogue with Damascus, broken off since the six days war."

Then "Maghreb" gives the list of the Arab capitals where Mr. Kissinger will stop during his trip.

"MAGHREB INFORMATIONS"

because of the zionist attitude
Uncertainty about the American efforts

NOVEMBER 2, 1973

NOVEMBER 5, 1973

"MAROC-SOIR"

Front Page 4 Columns

THE SEARCH FOR PEACE: A DIFFICULT NEGOCIATION

Because of repeated cease-of-fire violations, optimism is low
today about the Middle-East.

However, Washington launches a dynamic offensive for peace
through Arab capitals with Mr. Kissinger's mission.

The American optimism does not really reflect the atmosphere
in Cairo, and still less in Tel-Aviv where Moshe Dayan just declared,
"Egyptians might resume hostilities,"

In Cairo, General Ezzedine Mouktar accused Israel of
cutting off the water supply of Suez.

In Beyrouth, the "El Fath" Palestinian movement declared that
the "Strategic objective of the Palestinian Revolution consists in
the liberation of all occupied territories."

"MAROC-20IR"

Front Page 4 Columns

in Cairo, and still less in Tel-Aviv where Moshe Dayan just declared,
The American optimism does not really reflect the atmosphere
through Arab capitals with Mr. Kissinger's mission.
However, Washington launches a dynamic offensive for peace
today about the Middle-East.

NOVEMBER 2, 1973

NOVEMBER 5, 1973

"LE MATIN"

Front Page:

(M. KISSINGER TODAY IN RABAT
(Ft. Page 3 Columns. Portrait)

Announcing the visit of Mr. Kissinger "Le Matin" writes that it takes place as the American Ambassador, Mr. Neumann, said in its recent Press conference "At a critical moment and also at a moment which coincides with a situation which might offer a basis to some optimism as to the possibility of peace in the Middle-East."

Quoting again the U.S. Ambassador's Press conference, "Le Matin" adds: Moroccan troops are in the battle field, which makes still more important the Moroccan point of view."

"Le Matin" also quotes the American-Moroccan communique announcing Mr. Kissinger's visit and recalls its objective: "Searching of means able to establish a fair and lasting peace" in the Middle-East.

"LE MATIN"

(Ft. Page 3 Column. Portrait)
(M. KISSINGER TODAY IN RABAT
Front Page:

"Le Matin" also quotes the American-Moroccan communique announ-

NOVEMBER 2, 1973

NOVEMBER 5, 1973

MARZANZANZ

LE MATIN

MR KISSINGER IN MOROCCO AND THE AMERICAN-MOROCCAN RELATIONS

THE FIRST FRIENDSHIP TREATY BETWEEN MOROCCO AND THE UNITED STATES WAS SIGNED IN 1786.

KARH

Under this headline "LE MATIN" gives excerpts of the letter sent by
George Washington to King Mohammed III on December 1789, after
stressing that the treaty signed in 1786 was consecutively renewed
in 1791 and 1837.

In this letter, President Washington addresses his thanks to the
Moroccan Monarch for writing favorably about the United States to
Tunis and Tripoli.

George Washington also thanks Mohammed III for the punctuality with
which he observed the friendship treaty.

The U.S. President also promises the Moroccan King to do everything
possible to improve and strengthen the relations between Morocco and
the United States.

In this same article, "LE MATIN" gives a record of Moroccan officials
visits to the U.S. and American official visits to Morocco since
1957, including King Hassan II (as Crown Prince, then as King) and
President Eisenhower and President Nixon (as Vice-President).

President Eisenhower and President Nixon (as Vice-President).
1927, including King Haakan II (as Crown Prince, then as King) and
visits to the U.S. and American official visits to Morocco since
in this same article, "JE MATIN" gives a record of Moroccan officials
the United States.

roseful to improve and strengthen the relations between Morocco and
The U.S. President also promises the Moroccan King to do everything
which he observed the friendship treaty.

Tunis and Tripoli.

Moroccan Monarch for writing favorably about the United States to
In this letter, President Washington addresses his thanks to the
In this letter, President Washington also thanks his thanks to the
in 1931 and 1935.

attracting that the treaty signed in 1890 was consecutively renewed
George Washington to King Mohammed III on December 11, 1890, after
Under this headline "JE MATIN" gives excerpts of the letter sent by
EXCEL

STATES WAS SIGNED IN 1890.

JE MATIN

NOVEMBER 2, 1973

NOVEMBER 2, 1973

Al-Alam

Nov.5,1973

On occasion of the visit of Mr. Henry Kissinger the General Union of Moroccan Students issues a statement which says: the Palestinian people must return to their country occupied by the Zionists

The American Secretary of States visits Morocco today. The visit comes after the events experienced by the Middle East region during which the Arab armies scored, on both fronts, victories that disturbed the Israeli enemy and destroyed the legend of the superiority of the Zionist army and its invincibility.

The Moroccan people and their vanguard the students did not and will never forget the assistance given by Washington administration to the "state of aggression".

The General Union of the Moroccan Students sees that the solutions which come from the UNO or the Security Council as well as the steps designed to burry the Middle East problem will have no effect whatever, because the problem of that region is not the problem of the territories occupied by Israel during 1967 but the problem of the Palestinian people which were forced out of their homeland over quarter of a century ago.

The General Union of the Moroccan Students supports the stand of the Arab states both those who stand on the confrontation lines and those who sent in troops to fight on both fronts. It pays homage to the bravery and good performance of the Arab soldier who restored dignity to the Arab nation. It bends its head to the martyrs who sacrificed their souls for the Arab just cause.

It sees that the views of the PLO must be taken into consideration if those who search for a just and durable peace for the Middle East wanted success to their consultations and negotiations.

They peace they seek will never be achieved. The settlement which the PLO wants and struggles to achieve by arms and blood is represented in the statement made by Mr. Arafat during the World Youth Congress held in East Berlin, Germany. Addressing the congress he said: I wish to affirm to you that the invasion was launched upon us. We did not stage an aggression. We will fight for our freedom, for the bright future and for the establishment of the democratic state where the Muslims, Christians and Jews will co-exist.

A new file must be added to those seeking arms. It must be entitled " The Palestinian people must return to their homeland occupied by the Zionists"

Long live Arab unity. Long live the brave Palestinian people. Defeat for Israel and her allies.

"The Executive Committee"

Al-Alam

Nov.5,1973

An open letter from the Istiqlal party to
Mr. Henry Kissinger.

The basic issue is the Palestine problem which
broke out a quarter of a century ago because of the
Zionist aggression and European imperialism.

The Palestinian people represented by the leaders of
their liberation organization themselves only have
the right to speak in the name of Palestine.

The American Secretary of State Mr. Kissinger visits Morocco today as part of his tour to discuss the Middle East problems with the leaders. Mr. Allal Al-Fassi availed himself of this opportunity to address this open letter to Mr. Kissinger concerning the question captures the attention of Arab public opinion.

Mr. Minister,

At the time you undertake your visit to Morocco we fell very sorry because the visit comes under tragic circumstances which are being experienced by our brethren in the Arab World including a selected group of Moroccan army officers and soldiers who hastened to discharge their duty of supporting our brothers in Egypt and Syria in order to put an end to the wars of aggression which are being waged by Zionism against the Arab World. They claim tens of thousands of victims from among our brethren and afflict hundreds of thousands of families throughout the Arab World.

Morocco represents the first phase of your tour of some Arab and Islamic states to discuss with their respective leaders the greater problem which the world faces; the Middle East problem.

Undoubtedly, the leaders of these states will be informed, as a
results of the talks they will have with your self, of the stance of the
United States administration and the approach she intends to follow
in dealing with this problem.

In agreement with the USSR your government took the initiative
in ending the hostilities through a resolution adopted by the UNSC on
October 22. The resolution is based on the Council's resolution No. 242
which stipulates the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the territories
they occupied on June 5,1967. If six years of tension failed to convince
the aggressor in implementing the UNSC resolution and to withdraw from the
occupied territories we hope that the combined pledge, given by the
American administration and the Soviet Union both to Egypt and Syria, to
guarantee the cease-fire as the positions were on Oct. 22 and to implement
the withdrawal from the occupied lands -the pledge which was affirmed
by President Sadat during his Oct. 31 news conference- would have its
inevitable effect. The troops will retreat to Oct. 22 positions and
start immediate withdrawal from the territories they occupied by force
including Sinia, Gaza strip, Sharm Al-Shaikh, the Western bank of Jordan
and the Golan heights. And that the Israeli aggressor will not obstruct

- 2 -

the initiative adopted by your government and the government of the
Soviet Union by what it terms as concessions and modification of
frontiers.

The Istiqlal party does not see the problem only in the Israeli
occupation - in accordance with an expansionist plan- of parts of
the territories of neighboring Arab states who are independent and members
of the United Nations Organization but, in the basic problem; the
Palestine problem, which broke-out as a result of the occupation of
Palestine by foreign immigrants who came from European, American and
African countries to occupy a foreign land, kill its sons and displace
its people from their homeland and homes and to force men, women and
children into tents near the cities and render them deportees
suffering from hunger, nakedness, displacement, ignorance and misery.
Despair from justice and international solidarity nests within their
ranks. Those who remained behind in Palestine live deprived from
international human rights and the right of nationality under
conditions of terror and misery which are unrecognizable by any human
society.

Consequently, the combined initiative undertaken by your
administration and the Government of the USSR will not achieve its
goals of eliminating the causes of the repeated wars in the Middle
East as well as the causes of permanent tension except through
settlement of the Palestine problem.

The Istiqlal party believes that the Palestinian people,
represented in the leadership of PLO, themselves only have the right
to speak in the name of Palestine for the settlement of the problem
which came about a quarter of a century ago and which was created by
European imperialism without any consideration to the rights of the
peoples. It created it because of racist, religious, and imperialist
considerations.

The Istiqlal party hopes for settlement of this problem at the
earliest possible time in order to end the permanent tension which
explodes from time time in the Middle East because of the policy which
supported unconditionally the Israeli aggression and created an instable
life in the Arab World. Tens of thousands of victims met with death and
hundreds of thousands of Arabs were displaced as a result thereof.

The Istiqlal party which considers this policy as incommensurate
with the traditions of the American people in freedom, democracy and
justice hopes that your administration will follow a new policy toward
the Middle East which would create the opportunity for restoration of
cordial relations between the Arab states and your country.

Please accept, Mr. Minister, our appreciation.

for the Istiqlal party
Allal Al-Fassi
President.

Al-Alam

Nov.5,1973

An open letter from the Moroccan Association for
the Support of the Palestine Struggle to the
American Secretary of State.
The Arab nation is determined to recapture all
its rights

The Moroccan Association for the Support of the Palestine Struggle (MASPS) avails itself of your visit to Morocco to address itself to your administration in expressing some of its views concerning the current situation in the Arab East. It hopes they will be taken into consideration because they represent the views of the whole Moroccan people.

You are not unaware that the core of the problem rests in
the aggression staged by World Zionism against the Palestinian people
the usurpation of their homeland by violence and force, forcing them out
of their homes and desecration of their holy places... The issue did not
stop at this point. But, Israel since her creation, unmasked her
aggressive, expansionist and racist nature directed against the whole Arab
nation. During the last quarter of a century she staged repeated acts
of aggression against our Palestinian brethren in the occupied territories
and the neighboring states with the hope of translating into reality
her dream in greater Israel which extends from the Euphrates to the Nile...
This created an atmosphere of high tension and placed the region on the
mouth of a volcano, which almost and more than once blew-up world peace.

It is certain that Israel won't have carried out such action
had it not been for the support and assistance it receives from some of
the Big powers - at the head of which stands the U.S. We are sorry to note
that she ( the U.S.) contributed from the outset to strengthening the
Israeli presence on the land of occupied Palestine and to solidifying
her presence through extending all sorts of material and military
assistance at the expense of the Palestinian people and the rest of the
Arab peoples.

The Moroccan people whose government hastened to recognize
the U.S. in 1768, used to see in the principles upon which the American
state was established a demonstration of the aspirations of the peoples
in independence, freedom, progress and justice. They used to believe that
your government was able to give those principles their true meaning in
its relations with Morocco and the other Arab states. However, the
developments affirmed otherwise especially that the American government
began, few years ago, to actively partake with the Zionist stage of
aggression, in attacks by iron and fire against the Arab nation. Despite
the fact that the presence of Israel itself is considered as a challenge
to right and justice and all her behaviour is against (word missing)
the Arab states attitude toward the U.S. was characterized by high
wisdom and flexibility. They hoped that your country will reconsider
its policy and will notice that the preservation of its numerous interests

-2-

in the Arab World is absolutely not in harmony with its attitudes of
support to Israel. It rests in responding to the aspirations of the
Arab nation in restoration of the full rights of the Palestinian people.

At any rate the Arab nation from the Oceans to the Gulf is
determined to recapture all its rights including the restoration of
the Palestinians' to their homeland.

The events have indicated that your country's unveiled bias
toward Israel is considered as a challenge to world public opinion
which clearly manifested itself in the attitude of the non-aligned
nations and the African continent... Consequently, the MASPS sees that
those responsible for the American policy must radically reconsider
their policy toward the Arab peoples' uppermost problem; the Palestine
problem, and rebuild it on new basis of justice, truth and fairness.

The MASPS - the loyal spokesman for the hopes of the Moroccan people -
believes that any partial solution to the Middle East problem will only
complicate it. It sees that it is high time to rally the efforts of
all peace, justice and freedom loving forces for uprooting the crisis
by actions for the return of the Palestinian people to their homeland
and for the establishment of a non-racist democratic state where all
the sons of Palestine will co-exist irrespective of their different
religions, as was called for by the PLO the sole legitimate
representative of the Palestinian people.

If you do this, you would satisfy the international, Arab
and Islamic public opinion and establish new relations based on
cooperation and mutual respect between the U.S. and all peace and
justice loving nation and would win the satisfaction of the whole
Arab nation.

Rabat, Nov. 5, 1973

Executive Office
MASPS

ARTICLE

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1973

Lettre ouverte de l'Association Marocaine pour le Soutien de la Lutte Palestinienne au gouvernement américain

# Les intérêts des USA dans le monde arabe sont incompatibles avec le soutien inconditionnel apporté à Tel-Aviv

A l'occasion de la visite à Rabat du secrétaire d'Etat américain M. Henry Kissinger, l'Association Marocaine pour le Soutien de la Lutte Palestinienne a rendu publique la lettre suivante adressée au gouvernement de Washington :

L'Association Marocaine pour le Soutien de la Lutte Palestinienne saisit l'occasion de la visite que vous effectuez au Maroc pour s'adresser à votre gouvernement exprimant certaines de ses prises de position à l'égard de la situation qui sévit actuellement au Moyen Orient, espérant qu'elles seront prises en considération, car l'A.P.-S.L.P. est le porte-parole de tout le peuple marocain.

Vous n'êtes pas sans savoir que le fond du problème réside dans l'agression perpétrée par le sionisme international contre le peuple palestinien et ce, en spoliant ses territoires, par la force et par la violence, et en le chassant de son foyer et en fouillant au pied ce qu'il a de plus sacré... Les choses ne se sont pas limitées à cela. puisque « Israël » a fait état depuis sa création de sa nature agressive, expansionniste et raciste envers la Nation arabe toute entière. Il a

alors tout au long du quart du dernier siècle perpétre des agressions à l'encontre de nos frères palestiniens dans la terre occupée et les territoires limitrophes, visant ainsi la réalisation de son rêve en l'occurrence celui du « grand Israël » qui s'étendrait de l'Euphrate au Nil...

Tout ceci a engendré un climat

de grande tension et a fait de la région une zone volcanique, qui a failli à maintes reprises compromettre la paix dans le monde.

Il est certain qu«Israël» n'aura pas agi ainsi s'il ne jouissait pas de l'aide et du soutien de certaines grandes puissances – et à leur tête les Etats-Unis, qui malheu-

(SUITE PAGE 2 · Col 7)

Dr. Kissinger made a secret trip to Peking in July, 1971, seeing the stage for the Nixon "journey for Peace" to the People's Republic of China and talks with Chairman Mao Tsé-Tung and Premier Chou En-Lai in February, 1972. A joint communique called for "a normalization of relations".

In April, 1972 The President's aide made another unannounced trip, this time to Moscow for talks with Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and Foreign Minister Andrés Gromyko. In May Mr. Nixon became the first U.S. President to visit the Soviet Union. A number of agreements were signed, including those on joint cooperation on space exploration and science and technology, cooperation on health and environmental problems, and a joint commission to negotiate an over-all trade pact.

The U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. agreed to freeze their offensive nuclear missile forces at existing levels and limit defensive anti-ballistic missiles. The joint communique pledged extension of cooperative efforts and the avoidance of Military confrontation. Kissinger's missions to Peking and Moscow made electrifying news and the results of President Nixon's trips were widely hailed in the cause of Peace -- but there was still Vietnam. In January, 1972, the President has disclosed that his aide had made 12 secret trips to Paris in recent months to confer with North Vietnamese Negotiators in the hope of a breakthrough agreement. There were more months of protracted, tortuous talks to come. Finally, on January 3, 1973, Dr. Kissinger and Polítburo member Le Duc Tho initialed the "Agreement on ending the War and restoring the Peace in Vietnam". The pact and implementing protocols became effective January 28, hours after the formal signing in Paris by Secretary of State William Rogers and the Foreign Ministers of South Vietnam, North Vietnam and the Viet Cong.

Joseph C. Harson, commentator for the Christian Science Monitor, recently made this appraisal of Dr. Kissinger: "A man who can convert a two-power world into a multi-power world -- and use that conversion to get the United States out of Indochina without the collapse of the American-supported Government in Saigon -- deserves to be mentioned in the same breath with Bismarck, Metternich, Talleyrand and Castlereach".

And Mr. Harson said of the President: "Mr. Nixon gets the credit for employing Mr. Kissinger, for understanding what he was talking about freedom to maneuver and operate. It was a team indispensable to the result. The credit goes to the team".

Page 4.

The President gave his own salute to his aide in late 1971 when the latter formally resigned from marward at the end of his leave. 3Frankly," he Nixon wrote, "I cannot imagine that the Government would be like without you... The nation's many accomplishments in the field of foreign policy have been dur in no small measure to your energy and to your vision."

When Mr Nixon was re-elected in November, 1972, he renamed the self-described "immigrant harward professor" as his special assitant. And when Secretary of State Rogers decided to return to private law practice, the President on August 22, 1973 nominated Dr Kissinger to succeed him.

The President said the new Secretary would retain his position as national security assistant in the White House, a "parallel relationship" which, he said, would strengthen coordination between the White House and State Department. The U.S. senate approved Dr Kissinger's nomination on September 21, after several days of mearings by its foreign relations committee.

As Secretary of State, Dr Kissinger undertakes direction of 12,000 department employees at home and abroad. How much he will change its operations, as he changed those in the White House dealing with forieng policy, remains to be seen. He was promised, however, that there will be "a greater institutionalization of forieng policy than has been the case up to now." He has often noted in the past that a perennial problem of government is that of institutionalizing its policies so that the wise ones can be continued after their originators depart.

Upon his nomination, Dr Kissinger spoke of the difference in emphasis in diplomacy during the remaining years of President Nixon's second term.

"In the first term of the President, many important and some revolutionary changes were made," he said, "There required to a considerable extent secret diplomacy, and they were conducted on a rather restricted basis. But now we are in a different phase. The foundations that have been laid must now lead to the building of a more permanent structure. What has been started is still very tender...

"So what we are going to do is to solidify what has been started... And to conclude during the term of the president, the building of a structure that we can pass on to succeeding administrations so that the world will be a safer place when they take over.

take over.

admirations so that the world will be a better place when they
the building of a structure that we can base on to succeeding
started... And to conclude during the term of the President,
"So what we are going to do is to solidify what has been
tender...

of a more permanent structure. What has been started is still very
The foundations that have been laid must now lead to the building
a rather restricted basis. But now we are in a different phase.
to a considerable extent secret diplomacy, and they were conducted on
and some revolutionary changes were made," he said, "There required
"In the first term of the President, a lot many important

Nixon's a second term.
in emphasis in diplomacy during the remaining years of President
Upon his nomination, Dr Kissinger spoke of the difference

be continued after their originators depart.
that of institutionalizing its policies so that the wise ones can
noted in the past that a hereditary problem of government is
fertile policy than has been the case up to now." He has often
however, that there will be "a greater institutionalization of
desiring with fertile policy, remains to be seen. He was promised,
will change its operations, as he changed those in the White House
12,000 department employees at home and abroad. How much he
As Secretary of State, Dr Kissinger undertakes direction of
hearings by its foreign relations committee.

Dr Kissinger's nomination on September 21, after several days of
the White House and State Department. The U.S. senate approved
relationship" which, he said, would strengthen coordination between
as national security assistant in the White House, a "parallel

Dr Kissinger to succeed him.
to private law practice, the President on August 22, 1973 nominated
assistant. And when Secretary of State Rogers decided to return
the self-described "immigrant farward professor," as his special
When Mr Nixon was re-elected in November, 1972, he renamed

apments in the field of foreign policy have been great in no small
Government would be like without you... The nation's many accom-
leave, 3Frankly," he Nixon wrote, "I cannot imagine that the
when the latter formally resigned from farward at the end of his
The President gave his own salute to his side in late 1971

Page 4.