THE SECRETARY OF STATE
WASHINGTON

December 13, 1974

Dear Mr. Foreign Minister:

I wish to express my warm appreciation
to you, and through you to the College of the
Bourgemestres and Echevins and to the Communal
Council of the City of Brussels for the
splendid hospitality we enjoyed during the
recent Ministerial meeting of the North Atlantic
Council. The dinner at the Hotel de Ville
was a memorable occasion and a fitting way
to honor NATO's twenty-fifth anniversary.
I also valued the opportunity to exchange
views with you.

Warm regards,

Henry A. Kissinger

His Excellency
Renaat van Elslande
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Brussels

SHAH
ANSARY
ZAD

KHALATABARY
PIROUZ

November 9, 1974

Dear Mr. Minister:

In my brief stay in Tehran, I came to
recognize the great skill and dedication with
which you discharge your responsibilities as
Minister over what is undoubtedly one of your
government's most important portfolios.

I look forward to our close working
relationship, in the embodiment of the
Joint Commission, with the hope that the
potential of both our nations will be increased
for the benefit of our peoples and the entire
world.

His Excellency
Hushang Ansary,
Minister of Economic Affairs
and Finance,
Tehran.

November 9, 1974

Excellency:

Mrs. Kissinger and I deeply appreciate
your kindness towards us during our visit
to Isfahan.

Visiting the shrines and monuments
of Isfahan and Shiraz provided a memorable
conclusion for our trip to Iran and we both
thank you for guiding us toward them.

His Excellency
Akbar Zad,
Governor-General of Isfahan,
Isfahan.

November 9, 1974

Dear Mr. Minister:

The excellent organization of your Ministry has prepared a smooth setting and cordial atmosphere in which representatives of both of our countries were able to have useful and important talks during my recent visit to Iran.

I know that the part you play in the increasingly close relations which we share is a key one. I look forward to our continuing cooperation under the aegis of the Joint Commission.

His Excellency
Abbas Ali Khalatabary,
Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Tehran.

December 6, 1974

Excellency:

Mrs. Kissinger and I appreciate very much your courtesy in personally welcoming us to Shiraz and in giving us the pleasure of your company touring the splendors of Takhte Jamshid.

Visiting such an historic and beautiful site was a fitting climax to our visit to Iran.

Warm regards,

His Excellency
Manouchehr Pirouz,
Governor General of Shiraz,
Shiraz.

December 6, 1974

Your Imperial Majesty:

Once again Your Imperial Majesty's unsur-
passed hospitality and friendship have set the
stage for a useful and sincere exchange of ideas
between us.

I believe Your Imperial Majesty shares my
belief that our meeting, particularly in establish-
ing a Joint Commission, was an important step in
the increasingly close relationship that our nations
have developed over the past years. A new chapter
is opening, one in which our countries can work
further together to devote our national resources
to benefit not only ourselves but this region and
a more orderly world.

Mrs. Kissinger and I both thank Your Imperial
Majesties for the opportunity to view modern Iran
alongside the ancient splendor of Takhte-Jamshid.
We also want to thank you for your thoughtfulness
in presenting us with the lovely tea set and the
antiquity.

His Imperial Majesty,
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Aryamehr,
Shahanshah of Iran,
Tehran.

BOURGUIBA, Pres.
NOUIRA
CHATTI

November 9, 1974

Dear Mr. Minister:

I wish to convey to you my sincere appreciation for your hospitality to me and the members of my party during our visit to Tunis. I particularly appreciate your efforts to make our stop a fruitful and pleasant one and hope that the late change caused you no inconvenience.

I also appreciated the opportunity to exchange views with you on the issues that concern our two countries and I look forward to further opportunities to strengthen the good relations between us.

Warm regards,

His Excellency
Monsieur Habib Chatti,
Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Tunis.

November 9, 1974

Dear Mr. Prime Minister:

I wish to convey to you my appreciation
for your warm hospitality during my visit
to Tunis. You were particularly kind not only
to share your views on the issues that concern
our two countries with me, but to also
facilitate my meeting with the Minister of
Foreign Affairs of Portugal, Mr. Mario Soares.
This assistance is symbolic of Tunisia's
honored role in the international community
of promoting friendly relations among all
countries.

I hope that we will soon have another
opportunity to meet.

Best regards,

His Excellency
Monsieur Hedi Nouira,
Prime Minister,
Tunis.

December 6, 1974

Dear Mr. President:

Mrs. Kissinger and I wish to thank you for
your warm hospitality during our visit to Tunis.
I understand that our last minute changes of plans
may have caused you inconvenience and I appreciate
your efforts to make our visit both useful and
enjoyable. I particularly appreciate our discussion
of the issues which concern our two countries. Your
views are always most valuable to me.

Also, Mrs. Kissinger and I appreciated your
gracious hospitality at dinner and in your beauti-
ful residence. You made it very clear to us all
that we were among friends.

I am looking forward with pleasure to our
meeting again during your visit to Washington in
the coming year.

Warm regards

Henry A. Kissinger

His Excellency
Monsieur Habib Bourguiba,
President of Tunisia,
Tunis.

EMBASSY OF JAPAN
WASHINGTON

July 11, 1973

My dear Dr. Kissinger,

Thank you very much indeed to have spared your precious time for the private talks we had this afternoon which were not only pleasant and useful but also most stimulating.

As I am leaving tomorrow for Japan, I should also like to take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation for your kind cooperation and help extended to me during the tenure of my office in the United States.

It is gratifying to note that both of our countries, having weathered some of the difficult economic problems, can now look forward to the future of even closer cooperation. The U.S.-Japan alliance must play an increasingly vital role in securing peace in this fast changing world. It is indeed a matter of deep satisfaction to see a man like you in a decisively responsible position at this difficult and challenging time.

Although I am aware of your tight schedule, may I also take this opportunity to ask your favor of meeting Mr. Tsuneari Fukuda who will arrive in Washington in the latter part of this month. Mr. Fukuda, who is a most influential character in Japan not only in the field of literature as a playwright but also in politics as a critic, is highly recommended by Prime Minister Tanaka personally. He wishes to discuss with you the domestic political and social crisis of a new dimension Japan now faces.

As you plan to visit my country in August, I hope to have a pleasure of seeing you again at that time.

Please accept the assurances of my highest consideration.

The Honorable
Henry A. Kissinger
The White House

PROF. DR E. H. VAN DER BEUGEL

DEN HAAG, December 13, 1973.

SMIDSWATER 1
TEL. 070-653850

STRICTLY PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL

The first thing I should like to tell you is how extremely sorry I was not to be present at your speech in London for which you so kindly arranged an invitation for me.

The reason was that I had to go back to Holland on the day of your speech and that the invitation reached me through our London Embassy at a moment where it was impossible to rearrange my schedule.

I had a slight compensation in the exuberant report my dear son Theo Max telephoned to Holland after he had the privilege to sit in your audience. He was simply raving. The second compensation was reading the full text of your speech. A masterpiece! Frank, cristalclear, moving and the absolute right balance between philosophy and actuality.

I agreed with every single sentence and even knowing your thoughts, I was again struck by the way in which you translate them into sentences. It is too early to say whether it will help.

I remain deeply pessimistic about this side of the ocean. The combination of stupidity and arrogance, presented as national virtues, is simply unbearable.

We will keep in touch and my thoughts and heart are with you and Nancy.

Dr. Henry Kissinger
The White House
WASHINGTON D.C.
U.S.A.

ROCKEFELLER PUBLIC SERVICE AWARDS
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

R. W. VAN DE VELDE
Faculty Secretary

January 31, 1972

WOODROW WILSON SCHOOL
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

The Honorable Henry A. Kissinger
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
The White House
Washington, D. C. 20500

Dear Sir:

Enclosed is a copy of the 1972 Rockefeller Public Service Award Announcement.
Additional copies are available on request.

As you know, we depend primarily for nominations on the agencies' normal machinery
for recognizing distinction among their career officials. Parenthetically I
might say here that the Selection Committee deems that the single most supportive
comment an agency can offer is the evidence that it has already given its nominee
such internal awards and distinctions as its system of individual recognition
allows it to.

I should also remind you that the Committee welcomes nominations of career officials
from any knowledgeable persons, whether or not they are in the same agency as their
nominee, and even if the nominee's agency is itself not nominating him.

The five broad fields in which we divided all government activity last year and
on which the 1971 Awards were based, have been retained as having proved useful
in the very wide "net" they spread out over government people. It will be obvious
to you, and certainly was to the Committee, that the edges of these fields are
fuzzy, that almost any able person could fit equally well in more than one field,
and so on. Nevertheless, the change in fields last year did not diminish the
overall number or quality of nominations made, and it seemed to us that they did
materially increase the number of women and racial and ethnic minorities represented
among the nominees.

If you personally, or your agency wishes to renominate someone, the Committee will
also welcome that action. A renominating letter need not be as detailed as the
original nomination, but it should emphasize the growth in the nominee's stature,
and/or the continued or increased value of the nominee and his work to the Nation's
purposes. It would perhaps be helpful to point out that every single Award winner
in 1971, and many of them before that, have been nominated more than once. On
the other hand, we are anxious that renominations not be allowed to stifle the
flow of new nominations as persons move up in the government service and gain greater
distinction in their work.

THE ROCKEFELLER PUBLIC SERVICE AWARDS PROGRAM IS ADMINISTERED BY
THE WOODROW WILSON SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

It is only by seeking a constant flow of sound nominations and renominations that this program can maintain the high caliber of its selections which we believe to be reflected in the roster of previous recepients. You will find that list toward the end of the enclosed announcement.

For the Committee, I thank you for your cooperation. Will you please note both the slightly amplified descriptions of the fields in which persons can be nominated, and the 28 April deadline for the receipt of nominations.

RWV/mn
enc.

[LC]

Creative Public Service

What constitutes the essential qualities of greatness in the public service? I believe the essential qualities we seek—and acclaim—are threefold. The first is courage—the mark of a man who, quite simply, is fearless in measuring and meeting the challenge of his office. He has integrity of intellect and spirit. His sense of security rests, not upon the coveted approbation of others, but upon his own awareness of doing his best—for its own sake. His sense of what is right is more sharp and keen than his sense of what is expedient. His counsel is candid: it consists of what he believes, not what he believes someone wishes to hear. He cares more for the advancement of an idea—or principle—than the advancement of himself.

Beside this faculty of courage stands a second basic quality—sensitivity. This tempers and mellows the kind of raw courage that could, by itself, be insular or arrogant. It denotes a capacity to listen as well as to talk. It signifies a readiness to learn as well as to instruct. It shuns sheer vanity of opinion. It gives respect to the opinion of others as open and honest as the respect one wishes for one's own beliefs or decisions. It means, in short, humility. And this is a virtue singularly appropriate to a democracy, in which no one man—and no one way of doing things—is presumed to be utterly, exclusively right.

Third and finally, there is—vision. This vision demands—and combines—the intelligence to discern the far horizons in one's life and work, and the resolve to strive toward them. Such discernment and such resolve must rest upon a clear awareness of past, present, and future. For the past a sense of history is wanted—to know the source and meaning of the basic values of national life. For the present, a sense of perspective is wanted—to detect every challenge to these values, as well as their relevance to the issues and problems of the day. And for the future, a sense of mission is needed—a realistic dedication, so that the work of each day helps to assure the preservation of these values for generations to come. Only by so full a vision as this—and by so firm a dedication—is the heritage of a whole people guarded and enriched.

Courage, sensitivity, vision: these, I believe, are the qualities that make for greatness in men who serve the people. . . .

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER 3rd, December 1962.

[Lc]

The Rockefeller Public Service Awards will be given annually to men and women whose careers in the Federal Service have been marked by sustained excellence. Normally five awards will be given each year; one each in five broad fields of government activity.

The five fields into which we have below arbitrarily divided all government work are purposely broad and their limits intentionally often indistinct. Despite this, we believe that our use of such fields does help to bring the mental focus of a potential nominator onto a particular official he knows. We believe also that the tieing in of award recipients with areas of work helps the public to get some better notion than it otherwise might have of the types of work it gets from its career servants. On the other hand, we are aware that many if not most men and women might readily qualify in more than one field, and we are confident that all but the smallest agencies could quite properly bring forward appropriate nominees in each of the five fields almost every year.

**Administration:** Activities at home or abroad, involved in the overall management of a large or complex organization or program, or in some important aspect of staff support for such management. Every agency requires the services of those men and women who, in a variety of ways, keep the agency functioning efficiently and effectively almost regardless of its particular "product." It is these persons, whether they be "executives" who *manage* or "staffers" who *advise* such executives, that this field is intended to encompass.

**Intergovernmental Operations:** Activities at home or abroad, which involve the Government of the United States with other governments or governmental entities. It does not matter whether these other "governments" are international (as, for instance, the United Nations or the World Bank) or other sovereign nations, or whether they are one or more of the 50 American states, or one or more of the county or municipal governments in this country. This field encompasses all those men and

2

[LC]

women whose work relates U.S. Federal policies, plans and programs to those of any of these other governmental entities. This work could as well be performed in Washington or Chicago or San Francisco or Albuquerque as at the United Nations or Brussels or Geneva, or at Kabul or Montevideo, or Abidjan or London. And these persons could as well be economists or chemists or public health doctors as lawyers or hydraulic engineers or foresters; they could as well be diplomats or communications specialists as agronomists or urban planners, etc.

**Human Resource Development and Protection:** Activities, at home or abroad, which involve policy leadership, planning or executing one or more programs concerned with human resources such as might 1) protect or strengthen those innate characteristics within people, or their capabilities as individuals, which comprise their potential for living full and useful lives; or 2) protect or better those conditions which, while external to people as individuals, are essential to their psychic well-being; or 3) protect or better the structure and functioning of the society.

The activities here included are those which come as close as government can come to the individual human beings it is designed or directed to serve. They relate to such conditions, characteristics, or services as education, mental and physical health, employment and economic condition, civil liberties and civil rights, morale and state of mind, consumer protection, and so on. Obviously, a very wide spectrum of public officials would be eligible for consideration in this field.

**Physical Resource Development and Protection:** Activities, at home or abroad, which involve policy leadership, planning or executing one or more programs concerned with: 1) preserving or bettering the physical conditions and quality of life; or 2) the wise or proper use, or adequate conservation or replenishment of this Nation's or the World's natural resources; or 3) the physical safety of persons.

3

[c]

These activities are those which, in addition to concern with all natural resources including food, are also concerned with such matters as housing and other man-made environmental surroundings, transportation systems, recreation facilities, air and water quality, open space and natural beauty, and so on. Again, the range of potential nominees is broad.

**Professional Accomplishment and Leadership:** Activities, at home or abroad, which give evidence of the highest traditions of any of the many "professions" found within the Federal Service. Unlike the four preceding fields which are involved in the unique tasks of government—formulating objectives, marshalling resources, and reconciling conflicting interests within the complex constraints of a government of limited and divided powers—this field is designed to recognize the man or woman whose distinction lies primarily in his or her professionalism. The nominee here could, for example, as well be a bacteriologist as diplomat, an economist working in economics as well as a lawyer practicing law in and for the government. A leading government astro-physicist would be as eligible as a distinguished psychiatrist, or an extraordinarily effective nurse-teacher as an extremely competent legislative craftsman, and so on.

## Purpose

The purpose of this program is to strengthen public service by bringing special recognition annually to a small number, but not an unrepresentative group, of truly distinguished civilian men and women in the Federal Government, and to improve the public image of government service as a career worthy of the best efforts of our most capable citizens. It is hoped that this recognition will inspire those so honored further to strengthen the public service by passing on to others, through example, precept, or writing, some of the fruits of their career experience, and to carry on in their own careers with renewed dedication and enthusiasm.

4

[L]

For these reasons, though the persons thus honored are at or near the pinnacles of their careers, it is anticipated that they will not be considering imminent retirement.

It is further hoped that the publicity generated by these Awards will help the public to understand better the breadth and the caliber of services undertaken for them by their public servants. Out of this it is also hoped that very able young people will be drawn to consider the public service as a most honorable, useful and satisfying career.

In recognition of outstanding individual accomplishments and to further public awareness of the degree to which excellence exists in the civilian career services of the Federal Government, an award of $10,000 will be given in each of the five broad fields of government activity.

## Eligibility

Nominations for the awards shall be made from among civilian men and women in the employ of the Federal Government who have performed truly outstanding service for the Nation. The Committee particularly invites nominations of persons who, because of the nature of their work or the geographic location of their posts would not readily come to public attention.

Normally candidates shall have been in the employ of the Federal Government for a minimum of 15 years and shall not be over 60 years old. These awards are designed primarily to honor "civilian" service since the career military traditionally have other means for recognition, but military service may be counted toward the 15 year minimum to the extent that assignments have been of a kind which parallels civilian assignments in such fields, for example, as diplomacy, international communication, management, or science and technology. The awards are designed also to honor "career" service, therefore Federal employees serving by Presidential appointment in non-career positions are eligible for the award only if it is

5

[LC]

apparent from their records that they achieved
their present posts through demonstrated dis-
tinction and extended service in career positions.

## Nominating Procedure

Any past or present employee of the Federal
Government may nominate a candidate other
than himself, a member of his family, or one
of his superiors for a Rockefeller Public Service
Award simply by writing the Committee on
Selection. The Committee also invites nomina-
tions from persons not previously or presently
employed by the Federal Government but who,
because of their work or interests, are well in-
formed about some phase of public service.

Nominating letters must contain a full and
factual explanation and justification for the
nomination. They must emphasize the nominee's
past accomplishments and his future potential.
The nominator should indicate the "field" he
considers most appropriate for his nominee, for
example because it is the current area of his
work, or because his greatest contributions seem
to have been made in that field, etc. It should be
noted, however, that a nominee's activities need
not have been confined entirely to one of these
fields throughout his career service.

These letters should also include the names
of four other persons who know the candidate
and/or his work intimately, and who are both
competent and willing to support his candidacy
upon inquiry by the Committee. The nominee
need not know that he has been nominated until
the Committee communicates with him. If the
nominator so desires, the nominee will not be in-
formed of the identity of the person nominating
him.

All nominators should know that the Com-
mittee on Selection reserves the right to consult,
with respect to particular nominations, with lead-
ers in the Government (including the nominee's
agency head) to obtain their opinions and other
pertinent evidence.

6

[LC]

Administration

The program is made possible through personal contributions to Princeton by Mr. John D. Rockefeller 3rd, an alumnus and, for thirty years, Charter Trustee of the University. It is administered as a national trust by the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University.

A Committee on Selection, made up of prominent citizens, will review nominations and will recommend to the Trustees of the University the nominee it considers best qualified in each "field." The final awards will be made by the Trustees of the University.

Nominations for the 1972 awards should reach Princeton anytime prior to May 5, 1972. It is anticipated that an announcement of the awards will be made in the late autumn of 1972.

Communications should be addressed to:

WOODROW WILSON SCHOOL
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540

7

[L]

Previous Award Recipients

The 1960 awards were the first in the revised program honoring senior career officials of the Federal Government. The 1960-1971 awards were given to the following persons for distinguished service in the fields indicated. The titles and positions are those which were applicable at the time of the award:

Administration

1960 Robert M. Ball, Deputy Director, Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, Social Security Administration, Department of Health, Education, & Welfare.

1961 Elmer B. Staats, Deputy Director, Bureau of the Budget, Executive Office of the President.

1962 J. Stanley Baughman, President, Federal National Mortgage Association, Housing and Home Finance Agency.

1963 Eugene W. Weber, Chief, Civil Works Planning Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army.

1964 William D. Carey, Executive Assistant Director, Bureau of the Budget, Executive Office of the President.

1965 Bertrand M. Harding, Deputy Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury.

1966 Millard Cass, Deputy Under Secretary, Department of Labor.

1967 Donald A. Williams, Administrator, Soil Conservation Service, Department of Agriculture.

1968 Artemus E. Weatherbee, Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of the Treasury.

1969 Arthur E. Hess, Deputy Commissioner, Social Security Administration, Department of Health, Education, & Welfare.

1970 Ben Posner, Assistant Director for Administration, U.S. Information Agency.

1971 (A divided award): Samuel M. Cohn, Assistant Director for Budget Review, Office of Management and Budget. Executive Office of the President.

Robert C. Moot, Assistant Secretary (Controller) Department of Defense.

8

[LC]

Huntington Cairns, Secretary, Treasurer, & General Counsel, National Gallery of Art.

1966 David D. Thomas, Deputy Administrator, Federal Aviation Agency.

1967 Wilbur J. Cohen, Under Secretary, Department of Health, Education, & Welfare.

1968 Edward C. Crafts, Director, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, Department of the Interior.

1969 William T. Pecora, Director, Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.

1970 Aaron M. Altschul, Special Assistant to the Secretary for Nutrition Improvement, Department of Agriculture.

## Law, Legislation, or Regulation

1960 Leonard Niederlehner, Deputy General Counsel, Department of Defense.

1961 Colin F. Stam, Chief of Staff, Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation, United States Congress.

1962 Reginald G. Conley, Assistant General Counsel, Department of Health, Education, & Welfare.

1963 Carl M. Marcy, Chief of Staff, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, United States Congress.

1964 Harold F. Reis, First Assistant, Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice.

1965 Robert F. Keller, General Counsel, General Accounting Office.

1966 John R. Blandford, Chief Counsel, House Committee on Armed Services, United States Congress.

1967 Philip Elman, Commissioner, Federal Trade Commission.

1968 (A divided award): David Ferber, Solicitor, Securities and Exchange Commission.
Irving M. Pollack, Director, Division of Trading and Markets, Securities and Exchange Commission.

1969 Ashley Foard, Deputy General Counsel, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

1970 David L. Norman, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice.

10

[LC]

Science, Technology, or Engineering

1960 Sterling Brown Hendricks, Chief Scientist, Mineral Nutrition Laboratory for Pioneering Research, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture.

1961 Robert H. Felix, Director, Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, & Welfare.

1962 Hugh L. Dryden, Deputy Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

1963 Allen V. Astin, Director, National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce.

1964 James A. Shannon, Director, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, & Welfare.

1965 William B. McLean, Technical Director, U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, Department of the Navy.

1966 Edward F. Knipling, Director, Entomology Division, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture.

1967 Herbert Friedman, Superintendent, Atmosphere & Astrophysics Division, Hulburt Center for Space Research, Department of the Navy.

1968 Abe Silverstein, Director, Lewis Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

1969 John W. Evans, Director, Sacramento Peak Observatory, Department of the Air Force.

1970 Robert J. Huebner, Chief, Viral Carcinogenesis Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, & Welfare.

At Large

1969 A special award honoring man's first landing on the Moon—Robert R. Gilruth, Director, Manned Spacecraft Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

11

[Lc]

In 1971 the fields, except Administration, were reconstituted along more functional lines. The 1971 Award winners in the four new fields are listed below:

**HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION**

Mary Lee Mills, Nurse-Consultant with the Community Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

**INTERGOVERNMENTAL OPERATIONS**

Joseph J. Sisco, Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State.

**PHYSICAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION**

Luna B. Leopold, Sr. Research Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.

**PROFESSIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENT AND LEADERSHIP**

Robert Solomon, Adviser to the Board and Director, Division of International Finance, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System.

12

- 1 -

[lc]

Henry Kissinger, bis zum Amtsantritt Nixons Professor in Harvard und Autor wichtiger militär- und außenpolitischer Bücher, ist heute Berater des Präsidenten für Fragen der nationalen Sicherheit. Sein neuestes Buch, das der Econ-Verlag jetzt der Öffentlichkeit vorlegt, ist vor seiner Berufung entstanden, formuliert aber die Grundlinien der amerikanischen Aussenpolitik für die siebziger Jahre. Da Kissinger einer der wenigen Männer ist, der täglich ungehinderten Zugang zum amerikanischen Präsidenten hat, da er als sein wichtigster Berater auch in Bündnisfragen gilt, betrifft sein Einfluß Europa und damit auch Deutschland. Kissingers Gedanken zu kennen, das bedeutet, mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit auch zu wissen, wie Präsident Nixon in den nächsten Jahren handeln und wohin er die Gewichte seiner Politik verlagern wird.

Das Buch enthält drei Essays, die alle wichtig sind. Dennoch beschränke ich diese Besprechung auf den neuesten Essay über die "Hauptprobleme der amerikanischen Außenpolitik", weil er erst Ende 1968 abgeschlossen wurde. Die zweite Abhandlung über "Innere Struktur und Außenpolitik" wurde schon 1966 beendet und ist in manchen Teilen veraltet. Die dritte Abhandlung über Vietnam ist bereits in vielen Zeitungen und Zeitsschriften ausführlich behandelt worden. Eine Darstellung im kleinen Rahmen dieser Besprechung würde von den Hauptproblemen wegführen.

- 2 -

[L]

Welche außenpolitischen Möglichkeiten für Amerika und Europa sieht Kissinger in den siebziger Jahren? Eine der Grundthesen lautet, daß sich das Zeitalter der Supermächte dem Ende nähert. Viel mehr Staaten als jemals in der Geschichte sind Teile der internationalen Ordnung und melden ihre Rechte und ihre Ansprüche an.

In früheren Jahrhunderten konnte die internationale Diplomatie ein System des Gleichgewichtes der Kräfte deswegen immer wieder aufrechterhalten oder nach Kriegen neu einrichten, weil man ähnliche Zielvorstellungen über die Gesellschaftsordnung besaß. Seitdem das Element der Ideologie in die Politik eingezogen ist, fehlen solche einheitlichen Vorstellungen. Diplomatie wird ein unendlich kompliziertes Geschäft. Außerdem droht Innenpolitik außenpolitische Qualitäten anzunehmen, wie im Falle der Tschechoslowakei.

Trotz der klaren militärischen Überlegenheit der beiden Supermächte über jede andere einzelne Macht hat sich der politische Bewegungsraum der Nationalstaaten vergrößert. Militärische Macht setzt sich heute nicht mehr automatisch in Einfluß um. Die Supermächte können vorerst ihre Herrschaft noch mit Gewalt aufrechterhalten, ohne in den beherrschten Völkern noch überzeugte Anhänger zu haben.

Die Bündnispolitik der Supermächte ist in einer tiefen Krise, auch die Amerikas. Die NATO entspricht nicht mehr den Erfordernissen der 70er Jahre. Bisher - so sagt

[c]

- 3 -

Kissinger - pflegten die Europäer ein pervertiertes Verhältnis zu den USA. Entweder lobhudelten sie und priesen die amerikanische Vorherrschaft oder sie bettelten kläglich um stets zu erneuernde Zusicherungen des Schutzes. Daß de Gaulle dieses Verhalten nicht mitmachte, vergißt Kissinger zu erwähnen.

Der Autor glaubt, daß die USA eine Zeitlang ihre Vormundschaft über Europa als höchst bequeme Herrschaftsmethode empfunden haben, daß aber heute damit nichts mehr auszurichten sei. Europa sei erstarkt, habe sein Selbstbewußtsein zurückgewonnen und könne die Gleichberechtigung beanspruchen. Aber es müsse nun auch für sich selbst einstehen.

Kissinger warnt die Europäer vor der Illusion, als könnten die USA es verantworten, in Zukunft auch bei der kleinsten Aggression ihre Atommacht ins Spiel bringen. Für eine Kleinigkeit könne kein Präsident das Opfer der Hälfte der amerikanischen Bevölkerung riskieren. Auf gut deutsch: Solange die NATO sich nur auf die atomare Abschreckung verlasse, werde sie für den Gegner unglaubwürdig. Deshalb müsse Europas konventionale militärische Macht ausgebaut werden und diese Last müßten die Europäer selbst tragen. Die Zeit sei vorüber, in der Amerika allesún könne.

Im übrigen - so Kissinger - müsse die NATO stärker als bisher gemeinsame politische Vorstellungen entwickeln. In der wünschenswerten Weise werde dies erst möglich

[c]

- 4 -

sein, wenn Europa sich politisch zusammenschlösse.

Schon heute läßt sich erkennen, daß Nixons Politik diesen Kurs steuert. Jene bequeme Epoche, da Europa sich einfach unter den amerikanischen Schirm stellte, wenn der Ostwind Regen brachte, geht wirklich zu Ende. Amerika ist bereit, die Europäer als Partner, auch als unfügsame Partner, hinzunehmen. Aber solche Selbständigkeit wird eine Kleinigkeit kosten.

Kissinger sagt uns dies unverblümt. Der Stand der europäischen Dinge allerdings sieht nicht so aus, als könnten wir der neuen amerikanischen Außenpolitik ohne Sorgen entgegensehen. Zunazig Jahre haben die Europäer sich wie Halbwüchsige betragen, von Vater Amerika gegängelt. Nun sollen sie selbst gehen lernen. Da wird es noch einiges Stolpern geben.

np-politik

- 7 -

Nr. 6014 - 5.11.69/b

Nixon lenkt - Kissinger denkt

====================================

Der außenpolitische Chefberater formulierte Nixons Vietnam-Rede

Von Helge Ehler

np Hamburg, November 69

Als US-Präsident Richard Nixon in der Nacht zum Dienstag seine vielbeachtete Rede zur Vietnam-Frage im Fernsehen verlas, da fehlte auf dem Fernsehschirm ein Mann neben dem Chef des Weißen Hauses, der die wesentlichsten und entscheidenden Passagen formuliert hatte; Henry Alfred Kissinger. Seit nun acht Jahren (mit Unterbrechungen) dient der 46 Jahre alte gebürtige Deutsche den Präsidenten John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson und Richard M. Nixon. als außen- und sicherheitspolitischer Chef-Denker. Von seinen Analysen und Vorstellungen hängt es ab, wie die amerikanische Regierung das Vietnam-Problem in Zukunft behandeln wird.

Welches Gewicht der US-Präsident den Analysen seines außenpolitischen Chef-Beraters beimißt, beweist die Tatsache, daß Nixon Henry A. Kissinger Anfang Dezember 1968 als Berater ins Weiße Haus nach Washington holte, obwohl dieser bei den Präsidentschafts-Vorwahlen den Nixon-Konkurrenten Nelson Rockefeller unterstützte. Für Rockefeller erarbeitete Kissinger auch einen Vietnam-Friedens-Plan, dessen wesentlichste Punkte von Nixon übernommen wurden.

Von dem ehemaligen Harvard-Professor stammt auch eine Formulierung, die Präsident Nixon zur Grundlage seiner Außenpolitik machte. In seinem Manuskript "Central Issues of American Policy" fordert Kissinger die Erarbeitung einer Konzeption der US-Politik "in einer militärisch bipolaren und politisch multipolaren Welt". In seinem soeben im Econ-Verlag erschienenen Buch "Amerikanische Außenpolitik", 204 Seiten, 18 Mark, liefert Kissinger eine vortreffliche Analyse des Vietnam-Problems. Darin schreibt er: "Die Details eines stufenweisen beiderseitigen Rückzugs sind im Augenblick nicht entscheidend und würden im übrigen in den Verhandlungen zu präzisieren sein. Der Truppenabzug sollte sich über eine Zeitspanne erstrecken, die ausreicht, um eine wirklich einheimische politische Entwicklung in Gang kommen zu lassen. Der beiderseitige Truppenabzug darf nicht als Deckmantel für eine kommunistische Machtübernahme benutzt werden. Die gegnerischen Truppen innerhalb Südvietnams müßten sich verpflichten, während der Zeit des Truppenabzugs jeder Gewaltanwendung zur Verwirklichung ihrer Ziele zu entsagen."

Kissinger scheut sich auch nicht "seine Politik zu ändern, sobald sie sich gegen die Interessen der Nation zu kehren scheint". Daß der außenpolitische Chef-Berater des US-Präsidenten auch vor militärischer Gewaltanwendung nicht zurückschreckt, bewies er 1959 in einem Interview mit einem deutschen Nachrichten-Magazin. Angesprochen auf die damaligen Behinderungen im Berlin-Verkehr empfahl er "nach Berlin durchzubrechen, selbst auf die Gefahr hin, daß es zum Krieg führt". Als die DDR 1961 die Berliner Mauer errichtete, riet Kissinger Präsident Kennedy von militärischen Maßnahmen ab. np

0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0