"REPORT OF SCHOOL AT CARLISLE, PA.

Carlisle, Pa., August 12, 1903.

Sir: The 6th of September next ends the twenty-fourth year since, under the act of Congress, orders were issued by the Secretaries of War and of the Interior directing me to establish this school.

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>Boys</th><th>Girls</th><th>Total</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Total enrollment during twenty-four years</td><td>3,053</td><td>1,850</td><td>4,903</td></tr><tr><td>Total enrollment during fiscal year</td><td>747</td><td>551</td><td>1,298</td></tr><tr><td>Tribes represented</td><td></td><td></td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>Average attendance (ten school months)</td><td>543</td><td>438</td><td>981</td></tr><tr><td>Total number graduated, beginning 1889</td><td>203</td><td>170</td><td>373</td></tr><tr><td>Number graduated this year</td><td>18</td><td>28</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Attended public schools last winter</td><td>134</td><td>171</td><td>305</td></tr></tbody></table>

Our special feature, the outing system, shows constantly increasing value and interest to both pupils and patrons; 519 boys and 429 girls had outing privileges for some portion of the year. Their vacation earnings for the year amounted to $31,393.02. Beginning last year they saved half they earned and their accumulated savings at the close of the fiscal year were $35,903.63, of which they was on interest with the Girard Trust Company of Philadelphia, $27,961.35; the balance in the hands of the patrons to be transferred to our care at the end of the outing season.

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During the year we had applications for 976 boys and 1,359 girls, total 2,335; and were unable to supply 457 places for boys and 930 for girls, or a total of 1,387. The requirements of our outing system are so well known I can safely say that 90 per cent of those who applied for Indian help were suitable people with whom to place our pupils, and it is greatly to be regretted that for want of numbers these many opportunities could not be utilized. While the boys worked largely for farmers, some were placed in mechanical situations, working side by side with the regular employees in various establishments. Others were employed at seashore and other summer resorts in such positions as are often filled by college students of our own race during vacation. One hundred and thirty-four boys and 171 girls remained out from the school during the winter attending public, private, normal, and preparatory schools and colleges with white youth. I find no prejudice. Indian youth properly prepared are welcomed in all our schools and colleges everywhere. Concerning the value of this particular feature of the outing I can only repeat my frequent former favorable statements.

MY PREVIOUS REPORTS WITH REGARD TO THE GENERAL OBJECTS AND THE BENEFICIAL RESULTS OF THE OUTING ARE REITERATED. IT GETS YOUNG INDIANS ON AN EQUALITY, AND ACCEPTABLY INTO ACTUAL INDUSTRIAL, SOCIAL, AND MORAL RELATIONS WITH THE GOOD PEOPLE OF OUR COUNTRY, AND BREAKS DOWN PREJUDICE BETWEEN THE RACES. IT ESTABLISHES THAT YOUTH OF THE INDIAN RACE ARE ENTIRELY AND IMMEDIATELY CAPABLE OF TAKING ON CIVILIZED INDUSTRIES AND PURSUITS, THEIR ONLY OBSTACLE BEING WANT OF FAIR OPPORTUNITY. THIS BEING PROVIDED BY THE OUTING, THEY RESPOND FULLY AND SATISFACTORILY. IT GENEROUSLY OPENS WIDE A WAY OUT FROM THE RESERVA-

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TION INTO CIVILIZATION AND PROVES THAT MISCONDUCT AND FAILURE AMONG THEM UNDER THESE INDIVIDUAL PRIVILEGES ARE COMPARATIVELY INFREQUENT. IT EXPOSES THE FOLLY OF SPECIALIZING THE INDIANS AND MAKING THEM PARTICULAR THROUGH SO-CALLED "RENAISSANCE OF INDIAN ART" EMPLOYMENTS TO PASS FROM NOMADIC HUNTERS OF GAME FOR A LIVING THROUGH A PURGATORY OF NOMADIC BASKETRY AND OTHER CURIO-PRODUCING ACCOMPLISHMENTS, MIGRATING BETWEEN SUMMER RESORTS IN SEARCH OF A MEAGNER AND DEGENERATING LIVELIHOOD, IN ORDER TO SATISFY THE SPECTACULAR AND ETHNOLOGICAL WHIMS OF A FEW SELF-CONSTITUTED BOSSES AMONG OUR OWN PEOPLE. OUR EXPERIENCES WITH PUPILS COMING TO THE SCHOOL FROM THESE GYPSY, HOMELESS INFLUENCES PROVE THAT BETTER RESULTS CAN BE EXPECTED BY TAKING YOUTH IMMEDIATELY FROM ABORIGINAL INDIAN LIFE.

The emphasis placed by the Department upon the employment of young Indians from the schools as helpers throughout the school service leads me to compile from your report for the fiscal year 1902 a list of those so employed who had passed under Carlisle training. Twenty-four thousand and youth attended the various schools. Of these Carlisle had 1,000 (4 per cent). Six hundred and sixty-eight Indians were employed in the Indian school service, 101 of these Carlisle furnished, or over 15 per cent, as follows:

<table><tbody><tr><td>Principal teachers</td><td>3</td><td>Assistant laundresses</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Teachers</td><td>16</td><td>Seamstress</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Assistant teachers</td><td>7</td><td>Assistant seamstresses</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial teachers</td><td>6</td><td>Electrician</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Assistant industrial teacher</td><td>1</td><td>Gardener</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Disciplinarians</td><td>5</td><td>Gardener and night watchman</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Assistant disciplinarians</td><td>2</td><td>Shoemakers</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Farmers</td><td>3</td><td>Shoe and harness maker</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Assistant farmer</td><td>1</td><td>Cook</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Clerks</td><td>3</td><td>Assistant cooks</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Assistant clerks</td><td>3</td><td>Hospital cook</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Assistant matrons</td><td>9</td><td>Night watchmen</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Band leader</td><td>1</td><td>Laborers</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Assistant engineer</td><td>1</td><td>Bakers</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Housekeepers</td><td>4</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laundresses</td><td>5</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td>Total</td><td>101</td></tr></tfoot></table>

Their combined salaries for the year amounted to $46,300. It
does not seem necessary to name them in this report, but I inclose you
the list, giving names, positions, salaries, and places where employed.
A very considerable number of our former students were also used in
the Indian <u>Agency</u> Service in various capacities, clerks, farmers, etc.

While I have conformed to the plans of the Bureau and yielded to
the requests of graduates and advanced students and spoken a word for
them to the Department when they asked it and were worthy, I have never
urged upon the Department wholesale employment of our graduates, but
rather have uniformly urged them to go out into the world and struggle
for the good things of life in competition with our other peoples, and
so begin tribal disintegration and their unification with our masses.
The special success of Carlisle and these favorable results are largely
due to the character-building influences of the outing system, not
only because of the practical quality of their individual experiences,
but because it brings them into daily contact with interested and worthy
citizens, which association enables them to accumulate invaluable friend-
ships and qualities of independent manhood and womanhood not to be
gained by any amount of theoretical institutional training. The ten-
acity of agency and tribal control, through their many inducements,
hinders a far greater success.

I have urged all along, and here renew that urgency, for an in-
creased number of Indian schools, favorably located, thus to send Indian
youth out into the public schools and into our industrial life, in order
that they may reach capable citizenship quickly.

The academic and industrial departments of the school were contin-
ued on practically the same lines as heretofore reported, no material
changes in system being made.

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We lost our excellent principal teacher, Prof. O. H. Bakeless, at the beginning of the year, by his recall to serve at the Bloomsburg Normal. His duties were taken by Mr. Allen, assistant superintendent, whose long experience both as principal teacher and as superintendent in the Indian School Service especially qualifies him for this work. Algebra has been eliminated from the senior class and added attention given to the more elementary mathematics along lines that will tend to coordinate the academic and industrial departments.

A class of 46 graduated in February. This twenty-third commencement occasion was made significant by the presence of about 50 former students, some of whom had been absent from the school as long as eighteen years, and whose accounts of experiences since leaving the school were a contradiction to the many assertions of failure of returned students.

The athletic abilities of the students continue to attract wide
attention.

Last spring our band had a two weeks' engagement at Gimbel
Brothers in Philadelphia. The different floors of that great store on
which they played were always crowded with interested listeners and
many most complimentary expressions came to us about the excellence
of their music.

The library has been increasingly appreciated and utilized, 3,465
volumes having been taken out and read by the pupils during the year.

During the year the school was favored with special instruction
in music by Prof. William L. Tomlines and by Mr. Frederic E. Burton;
in both music and physical culture by Miss Tomlines; in nature study
by Miss Julia Rogers, from Cornell University; by Miss Margaret K.
Smith, of the New Paltz Normal, New York, aided by instruments giving
tests and experiments; and by Prof. H. W. Elson, of Philadelphia, who
gave eight comprehensive and instructive lectures on American history;
all of which aroused interest and added material help to the regular
school work.

The per-capita cost for support and education at this school for
the year was $121.26. This omits cost of transportation, permanent
improvements, and repairs. If these are added and every expense what-
soever included, the per-capita cost to the Government was $152.90. I

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am aware that because of our outing some apology is urged when considering the economy of Carlisle. In my judgment no better move could be made than to place all Indian youth under such outing and public school experiences even if it cost the Government $152.90 per capita each year for a few years. Then all such youth could safely be turned loose from agency and tribal control to take care of themselves as a very part of our industrial citizenry.

The health of the school during the past year has been exceptionally good.

Teachers and employees have exhibited a spirit of cooperation and interest especially gratifying.

Very respectfully,

R. H. PRATT,
Colonel and Superintendent.

The Commissioner of Indian Affairs."

A CLOSING INCIDENT OF THIS OUR FIRST YEAR.

As the first party of pupils reached the school after midnight on the morning of the 6th of October, 1879, that became our Anniversary Day. The account of the first commemoration is from our school paper, the "Eadle Keatah Toh", which is "Big Morning Star" in Pawnee. This publication, which at once became a historical and most efficient inspirational force, was started in April, 1880.

"On the 6th day of October, the Carlisle Indian Training School completed the first year of its history. At a little impromptu gathering of the school and its teachers and helpers, on the evening of that day, the children were asked to vote for, or against, continuing the school. Every hand went up in favor of continuing, and some of the boys even stood up and held up both hands. Speeches were in order. Everybody was happy and many reminiscences were brought out, and much incentive to continued effort. Not the least pleasing to the audience were the following lines by Miss Perit, a guest at the School, read by herself. The protracted round of applause which followed showed that her contribution was fully endorsed and we are glad to place it here as a part of our permanent record. Miss Perit was partner with Miss Mather in conducting the Young Ladies' Seminary at St. Augustine, Fla., before the Civil War.

"Anniversary Day - 1880

One year ago!
I cannot believe it,
And yet I know
It must be so,
I must receive it,
It cannot be doubted,
For I have full proof
That on the 6th of October,
The long journey over,
I came to this friendly roof,
One year ago.

millions, one-tenth of our citizenry, and thirty-three times as many as our Indians, and notwithstanding his restrictions, his usefulness makes him welcome to go and stay where he will. The Indian untaxed in person and property is herded in tribes controlled by a remote and unvisioned Bureau, averse to his transformation into the American family, which procedure has always forced him to become an increasing consumer instead of a producer of the Nation's wealth. How can they be an "economic asset", when they take 6000 capable whites and Indians from our productive industries to care for them in the Bureau way and an annual appropriation of $12,000,000 or more to do that.

The speaker's "four hundred and ten million dollars" our American family has been taxed by its Government "since 1871 for the support, education and civilization of the Indians" does not include previous cost for the same object, neither does it cover philanthropic contributions. The facts warrant the statement that the four hundred and ten million dollars was rather wasted in Bureau schemes, to prevent the participation and right "support, education and civilization of the Indians" so essential to consummate their co-ordinated citizenship.

The War Department in 1882 announced that "In the ten years from 1872 it expended $223,791,264 in Indian Wars", War was waged to force the Indians to go on their reservations and become amenable to Bureau purposes. Army expenses in this cause did not end in 1882, nor was 1872 the beginning. The Bureau as part of the dual system of Indian control began in 1849. Before that, the Government's efforts in civil development of the Indian as well as enforcing control were a part of the Army expenses. Wars to subjugate Indians to our excluding, driving away methods began soon after our landing at Jamestown and Plymouth Rock. A billion and a half dollars is not an unreasonable guess of the total tax imposed on our American family to meet the aggregate cost of our un-american system of control over this mite of 340,000 of our population. They are less than the 1/16 of the population of New York City. The Bureau system only lives and thrives by keeping our Indians excluded from participation in the opportunities and duties of our American family.

A transcontinental railroad through its apprentice system has come to use over 300 Indians in skilled employment. It pays them an average of over $1300 each per year.

An autho factory used over 60 Indians, and a shipbuilding company used over 40 Indians in their plants, each at five to eight dollars per day in skilled mechanical positions.

If Indians, through training, earn the same pay our own artisans receive, for running railroads, building automobiles and ships, what is there they cannot do in civilization's workshops?

Most of the 9,000 Indians away from their tribes engaged in civilized pursuits enumerated in the first illustration to these annotations are independent of any Bureau ministrations and are citizen taxpayers, and yet the Bureau includes them as parts of the 340,000 units it claims as its responsibility. It is safe to say that none of them were fitted for their civilized employments by the Bureau's tribal reservating systems of educating and developing. They reached their transformation only through escaping from Bureau surveillance. What happened to them could far more readily have happened to all, had Indian supervision been so minded and opened the ever-ready doors to the same opportunities. Promoting these escapes into these vital chances has never been in the Bureau program. Against all its self-praise and the ex parte laudation if falsely secures through influencing others into seeing Indians through its Bureau eyes, the great facts remain that the millions of dollars for support it annually taxes our national resources, increases from year to year, and that the good native manhood of our Indians continues to deteriorate into more servility to the Bureau's exclusive domination.

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