NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 14

June 21st.

Messrs. Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict,
334 Chestnut Street, Philada.

Gentlemen:

I accept with no little gratitude your offer to contribute one half the cost of a type-writer for our school use. I will take that one now and if the way opens hereafter for me to cover the expense of another I will notify you. Please send me one of your best writers. Great primer caps and small letters type as shown in the middle sample on the 7th page of your catalogue. Send by express, and on receipt of your bill I will send a check.

244

June 21st, 8

Nellie Londresh,

Winnebago Agency, Neb.

Dear Nellie:

I have your full letter in regard to Cecelia and I have only
to say that Cecelia will return home early after the 1st of July,
and that I have given the matter no further sanction than to say
to them that your mother's wishes should be the guide.

I may add that Samuel Townsend has been for a long time now
a most faithful and exemplary young man. He has the mechanical
skill and ability which enable him to earn a living for himself
and wife outside of any Indian supplies or Agency, and it does not
seem to me an ill-assorted match. I only give this as my school
or
fatherly judgment, and you can submit it to our mother, not as you
like.

Faithfully your friend,

VOL. 14

VOL. 14

June 21st, 8.

Rev. John Robinson,

Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota.

My Dear Friend:

The Agent, as well as yourself, has written me in regard to
White Face Bull's boy. I shall send him home with the home going
party, immediately after the 1st of July.

Keep me advised of yourself, and if it is possible for me to
aid you in any manner I will do it.

My cordial greetings to you and Mrs. Robinson.

Faithfully yours,

248

June 23d,

Miss Zona Jackson,
Fourmile, Ind. Tex.

Dear Miss Jackson,

Inspector Gardner was here recently and made some little comments on our School and its advantages. He claims Katie is a distant relative of his and insisted after looking the girl over that she should remain a year or two more which she herself seems very willing to do. The Commissioner instructed me to allow the students to determine for themselves whether they would remain or go home. I do not know if Katie has written you about it, but she should have written you. She said very explicitly that she was going to remain.

I have been a week in Washington and have been so exceedingly busy outside of the School that I have not had time to respond to your letter before.

VOL. 14

249

June 23d,

Miss Louisa A. Husted,

Treasurer Smith College Missionary Society,
Marlborough, Ulster Co., N.Y.

My dear Friend:

I have been in Washington and away from home for a week and only now have an opportunity to write and thank you for the $25.00 sent by your society, and enclose my receipt for the same. I assure you of its direct and efficient use in the growing needs of our very large work, and am glad to be able to inform you we are on much better footing today both with the Executive and Legislative branches of the Government and with the people at large and the Indians than ever before. My recent visit to Washington leads me to a very great hope that in the near future very much more will be done for the Indians than is now being done by the Government. And I may safely claim that by attending our ground here for so many years by the help of the valiant aid we have received from our many friends we have undoubtedly done more to bring this condition about than any other one effort.

VOL. 14

VOL. 14

June 30th,

Lettie E. Pagan,

Omaha, Neb.

My Dear Lettie:

I thank you for writing me, letting me know of yourself. I had heard that you were making a lot of money. I hope happily so. Both Delay and Jennie are well and all of your friends at the School, so let us know. Our sickness has been principally among the Apaches.

My little baby has grown to be quite a large girl. She is almost six years old and large for her age. She has very little times with the little Indian girls with whom she is quite at home.

I told Miss Burgess to send you the Indian Helper when you will like better than the morning star. Please send her ten cents when you can, as she makes it a rule not to send it to any one who does not pay for it.

Quite a number of theOmaha boys are going home this year, some for a visit others expecting to stay.

Your friend,

251

June 28d,

W. W. Woodruff,
Painesville, Ohio.

My Dear Sir:

The employee lists are not yet approved nor was I given
any assurance in regard to them when I was in Washington.
I am, therefore,
but from the friendly interest of the Hon. Secretary of the
Interior, I have good reason to hope that there will be no
disagreement
from my recommendations.

I shall be glad to see you here on Tuesday next.

VOL. 14

June 25th,

Joshua A. Given,

333 Saunders Ave., Philadelphia.

My Dear Joshua:

Your letter was forwarded to me at Washington and only came back this morning. Certainly by all means you can go with the party if you pay your own way. I have asked the Department to give me the transportation and I suppose the latter part of this week or the first of next it will come along and the party can go one of the first days of next week; that is, one of the first days in July.

I feel assured that your visit home will be of value to your people and to yourself.

Your friend,

VOL. 14

254

June 25th,

8.

Prof. P. H. Bridenbaugh,
Martinsburg, Pa.

My Dear Sir:

It has been one of my principles not to let go of a young person because they have committed an error. I have rather inclined to take hold of such and try to correct their faults. Several times in the history of the School I have not allowed such to go home at the expiration of their time for that reason and it has had a very beneficial effect. I therefore think that the four girls better come here and I have so written the Commissioner stating that I would take the thirty-six all told. I will send Nancy four tickets for the girls by Wednesday or Thursday and then as soon after that you find you can spare the girls you can send them forward with her to Carlisle, please.

Truly yours,

VOL. 14

255

June 25th, 8

Nancy Cornelius,

Care P. H. Bridenbaugh,
Martinsburg, Pa.

Dear Nancy:

I write today to tell Prof. Bridenbaugh I think all of those
four girls had better come to Carlisle, and as soon as the others
go home and he can spare you you will come right here. By that
time I will send you tickets for them--by Wednesday, I hope to
send you the tickets.

I hope you are having a good time enjoying the mountain air.
We got through safely and the children all seemed delighted to
be here at Carlisle.

I enclose you $1.00 which will pay your ticket, 67 cents from
Martinsburg to Altoona, and you have your ticket from Altoona to
Carlisle.

VOL. 14

256

June 25th,

8

Rev. Dennis Osborne,

Care Rev. O. J. Cowles,

14 Sherman Ave., Allegheny, Pa.

My Dear Brother:

It was pleasant to have a note from you, and I should be de-
lighted to receive a visit if you can spare the time while you are
in this country. Our pupils were greatly interested and thought
much more of India and Asia than they otherwise would have from
their little donation to your chapel. I have informed them of the
use to which you put the money and it is accepted as most gratify-
ing to them and thoughtful in you to make their gift a special
thing.

About farther donations I have been endeavoring to enlist
their sympathies in their own people, especially in Alaska, and
while, of course, every one who can ought to be interested in the
great fields of the world there is just at present such a need in
our home Indian field that I feel no wrong will be done to hold
them steadily to that for a time at least.

With most cordial remembrances to your wife and your very
promising son, I am,

Cordially and faithfully yours in the service,

VOL. 14

257

June 25th, 8

Cheape Ross,

Care S. B. Burnett,

Gilbert, Texas.

My Dear Cheape:

I answered your last letter but as you wrote it on paper headed Fort Worth and stated in your letter that you were working for Mr. Burnett of Fort Worth I took it for granted that was your post-office address and sent it to Fort Worth. I also ordered our little School paper which comes out each week to be sent to you and care of Mr. Burnett. I shall have it changed to Gilbert so that you may hear from the School every week.

I am very glad to know that you have gone into business among civilized folks and are sticking to it in the manner you are. It is creditable to you and to your Carlisle training that you do this As the little paper will give you news from time to time and I am exceedingly busy, I only add that I am always glad to hear from you and will reply to your letters.

Faithfully your friend

VOL. 14

259

June 25th, 8.

Col. R. G. Marmon,

Laguna, New Mexico.

My Dear Colleague:

The lines have been drawn so closely this year that I really cannot see any way to send Maria and Annie at Government cost. They are both well and doing very nicely. Annie is especially happy in her disposition. The little girls seem to have good times. Please say to Gov. Prudt that Bertha is very well.

We commenced last week to tear down the old school house, and are to have a new one built on school principles for school purposes. Please tell Juan that Maria seems quite contented to remain here. While I should be very glad to oblige him, it does not seem possible to send her home for a visit.

I very much doubt if they would allow me to bring in any more Las Vegas this year. There has been some desire, we should make a break on the other and less progressive villages. Whether we shall do that or not, is a question.

With kind regards to your wife and all friends at Laguna,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 14

260

June 25th, 8.

Mr. J. J. Methvin,

Anadarko, I. T.

My Dear Sir:

I shall be quite willing to be governed by what you think best in Laura's case, but I have written about reserving a part against her return here because it seemed to me a very necessary precaution. But if you feel that she is settled there and going to do well it will be unnecessary for me to hold on to any portion of what remains to her, about $86 now.

You seem apprehensive about her marrying a blanket Indian, and speak of the low white men also. From my own experience, between the two, I should prefer the blanket Indian. As soon as Richard reaches an age suitable for his leaving Laura, if Laura desires it, I will undertake his education. You have doubtless found by this that it is necessary to use a little forcible persuasion in many instances in dealing with the Kiowas. I am glad you are using Laura, and hope you will continue to. She will feel obliged to that, and it will leave its influence upon her people in her favor. I send you the Red Man containing account of Kiowa chief.

VOL. 14

265

June 27th,

8

My Dear Mason:

The elevation of the Main building does not seem to be
what it would to be, some way. The Assembly room is to be
18 feet from the floor to square, and I think there ought to
be some sort of a circular diamond shape or other window in
the end to fill up the large blank space just below the ven-
tilator. On the wings, the end elevation shows that you have
the centre of the roof in the centre of the building, which
makes it look one-sided. The centre of the roof should be
equidistant between the outside of the porch and the outside
South side, the same as present buildings. I had intended
that the railing around the upper porch should be just like
the girls, that is the upper and lower rail with short up-
right pickets between.

Your father,

Mr. Mason Pratt,
Stevens House, Lancaster, Pa.

VOL. 14

271

July 6th, 8

Mrs. Laura Doamnoe,

Anadarko, Ind. Tor.

My Dear Friend:

I have had your letter some days and am glad to know the
particulars of your case. I think it better that you should
remain where you are under the circumstances. Whenever you
want us to take little Richard I will do it. I think he had
better pull along until he is six or seven years old however.
I have the money, $86, and when it becomes necessary for you
to make use of it I will send it. Joshua Given started home
today and will be able to give you many particulars about
Carlisle. Mr. Methvin knows what money you have and need not
interfere with your work because it is available at any time.

VOL. 14

272

July 6th,

8

Frank B. Aveline,

Chetoka, Kas.

My Dear Frank:

I am giving some places to our students this year and did last year; but it seems to me important that they should be given to those who are here and are coming on in their school work, and I don't see how it is practicable for me to give you employment. You know that you could just as well find employment outside of the School as not, and I have no doubt, get a better salary than I could afford to give you. If you want to come here and stay a short time while you are looking for a place I have no objections.

Mr. Richardville was here over Sunday, and seems a good, earnest intelligent man. He returned to Washington. Quite a party of return students left for your Agency today.

Your friend

VOL. 14

273

July 6th,

8

William Paisano,
Laguna, N.M.

My Dear William:

I wrote John Chaves in regard to Sowcea but think that the letter missed reaching him. It does not seem possible to send him home this year. He is well and doing very well.

I congratulate you on your success with the stock and anticipate that William Paisano will be somewhat like Jacob of old with his numerous flocks and herds. You evidently enjoy good health and are reaping the rewards of industry and good sense. I hope Mary received the faith. I intended it should be a present to her.

I have told Miss Burgess to send you the Helper and Red Man and you can send her the sixty cents.

With much love and many good wishes to both you and Mary,

Faithfully your friend,

VOL. 14

274

July 8th,

8

Col. R. G. Marmon,
Laguna, N.M.

Dear Colonel:

I am now hopeful that things will improve in the Indian service. I feel grateful to you and Mrs. Marmon for your philosophic conclusions in the matter about Annie and Marie. Be assured of my constant attention and anxiety in regard to them and all of yours here. We have had a wonderfully good year so far as the Lagunas are concerned. I trust the future may continue as satisfactory. Obrien seems to have a series of calamities.

VOL. 14

276

July 6th, 8

Mildred McIntosh,
Arbeka, I.T.

My Dear Mildred:

Thank you for remembering me and writing. It does me no end of good to hear from my boys and girls who have gone home, and especially am I glad to know that they are making headway in the world. You are remembered here and often spoken of, and we are all so glad that you are making use of the information you gained at Carlisle by teaching your people. You give me a picture of the Creeks that I had not thought possible. I supposed that almost every Creek could speak English. But I am so glad they have farms and live in houses and can work and take care of themselves. You have a great chance, Mille, to do a good work and I believe you are doing it. One good faithful teacher may accomplish so much good under such circumstances. Should you want to come back Mille to Carlisle for additional instruction and can find the means to get here I shall take you in very gladly. That is the best I can say. Annie Thomas is still with us. Just now she is in a pleasant summer home at the Sea-shore. Writes us of

VOL. 14

2 Mildred.

her good times. We have just today send home 62 of our pupils
who have been here five years or more. Some go to Montana,
some to Idaho, others to Arizona, New Mexico, Indian Territory
Nebraska and Dakota. We come together and improve ourselves
and then scatter to improve others. How sad I am about some!
What homes they go to! How hard their lives will be!

My family are all very well and wish to be remembered to
Mille, as does Miss Cutter and all the others who were here
when you were with us.

With best wishes for you now and always,

Faithfully your friend,

277

VOL. 14

278

July 9th, 8

Noah Lovejoy,
Omaha Agency, Neb.

Dear Noah:

As I informed the Agent in regard to the time of the
arrival of the whole party at the Omaha Agency, it did not
seem necessary to notify you personally as to Paul reaching
home safely and so made out the station as you desired.

Your friend,

July 9th, 8

Mrs. Laura Doanmoe,
Anadarko, I.T.

Dear Laura:

As I am going away for two months I think it better to
send you all the funds I have in my hands for you now. There-
fore enclosed to you my check for $85.17, which I trust will
be a very great help to you.

Your friend,

VOL. 14

279

July 9th, 8

Joel Archiquette,
Oneida, Wis:

My Dear Joel:

I am glad to know that you go to work at once to help
your father on his farm; that you are safely there and every-
thing is all right with you. I hope you will have a good
vacation. I shall go away from home for two months now in a
few days, and shall expect that you will arrange your own af-
fairs and be back here not later than the 15th of September.
My regards to your father.

Faithfully your friend,

VOL. 14

280

July 9th,

8

Rev. J. A. Methvin,

Anadarko, I.T.

My Dear Sir:

Under the circumstances, it seems best to me to at once
send to Laura the whole sum which I have in keeping for her.
I therefore enclose to her today my check for $85.17. I shall
be away from home for the ensuing two months and it would not
be convenient to transfer it during that time, so I better
send it to her now.

I quite agree with you about her staying at the Agency.
Joshua who is on the way out now will be a very valuable as-
sistant for you during the time of his stay.

Very respectfully,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 14

281

July 9th,

8

Cheape Ross,

Care Mr. Burnett,

Gilbert, Texas:

Dear Cheape:

I am so glad to hear that you have a party of young Comanches who have never been in school but are engaged in herding cattle for cattlemen at such good salaries. It seems to me that many more of the Comanches might go into the same business and that our returned students might serve as Captains of companies, so to speak, of those who go out and work in that manner. I shall not be able to write or hear from you for two months, as I shall be in Dakota travelling; but depend upon it you have my constant interest in your welfare; and the little paper which you will receive weekly will tell you about Carlisle.

Your friend,

VOL. 14

283

July 14th.

8

Bear Shield,
Cantonment,
Indian Ty.

My dear Friend:

I am greatly pleased to get your nice letter and
to know that you are happy. Your boy has been improving ever
since he came to Carlisle both in health and in his character
and training. I refer your letter to him and urge him to
write you more regularly. I am sorry to hear of your wife
and daughter's ill health.

I do hope that this year you may have a good crop of
corn down there and that the Cheyennes and Arapahoes may
have more encouragement to learn farming. There is so much
good land along the Washita and Canadian that I should like to
see producing just as the land up in Kansas does. Up there
in places where the whites have been at work only a few
years there are miles and miles of corn without any interrup-
tion, and cattle and good houses and good barns and towns.
Why don't the Cheyennes and Arapahoes wake up? and have the
same things? Are they going to sleep forever and let the

VOL. 14

284

3. Dear Shield.

whites get all the best things?

I am just about to leave for Dakota where I shall be two
months talking to the Sioux about a matter the President and
Congress are very anxious they should understand. I expect
to see every Sioux man over eighteen years of age and have
something to say to him and get him to sign a paper.

Give my love to all my old Florida friends and my Car-
lisle boys and girls who may be at the Cantonment, and believe
me, as ever

Your faithful friend,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 14

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 14

Nov. 15, 1918

Wm. B. Harvey,

West Grove, Pa.

My dear friend:

I have carried your letter in my pocket
some days and given what you wrote me about thought from
time to time. I am certainly obliged for your writing so
fully to me, for it has enabled me to bring before our Sioux
Commission a case that will guide us somewhat in making rec-
ommendations to the Government.

It will amount to nothing so far as bringing immediate re-
lieu is concerned, but it will help, to have the case sub-
mitted, by guiding the Department into the channel to en-
able it to make recommendations to Congress.

Several years ago Joshua Given submitted to me the same
question. The Department then gave answer that it was not
possible to secure release from Tribal relations and a grant
of citizenship, but that it had made recommendations to Con-
gress and hoped that some law would be enacted.

The Land and Severalty Bill was undoubtedly a partial out-
growth of the needs in such cases. At the same time that I
wrote the Department in Joshua's case, I wrote Senator Ed-

315

316

### 2-Harvey—

minds who was chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the Senate, and he replied that in his judgment a young Indian required no papers or special act to become a citizen, that all he had to do was to pitch in, vote and pay taxes.

The landed rights of these young Indians which you bring forward show that the WHOMAN of a settlement of the question was an important event in the history of it. Our Sioux Commission will make recommendations that the Government purchase from young Indians who desire to engage in civilized pursuits and support themselves, their rights to their portion of the land of the Tribe.

It is impossible for me to pay you a visit now. I shall leave Carlisle next week for a fortnight's absence of rest and recreation in Western New York.

I advise that you have Richard write a letter to Hon. John H. Oberly, Com'r of Indian Affairs, Washington, stating his age, tribe and how fourteen years age and before, that he was with his father, an untutored Indian; that he went to the Agency school ... years and came to Carlisle and was there... years reaching the limit of education afforded by Carlisle, how he married a Pawnee girl also educated at Carlisle and then they went to live with you; what kind of work he is performing; what you pay him; how much he has saved; what his future prospects are; how that he is not only willing but anxious to sup-

VOL. 14

317

3-Harvey,

port himself and family and remain in the East and therefore
free the Government from any further expense of support of him
or his; but that he feels this injustice- that he and his
wife are entitled to their share in the value of the tribal
lands; and ask the Comm whether it is not possible for him
and his wife to receive, in some way, and if they can, they
will forfeit all other rights and privileges belonging to them as members of the Cheyenne and Pawnee tribes, respec-
tively; and will guarantee that they not their descendants
will never thereafter become a burden upon the Government of
the United States on account of their having been Indians on
the tribes named.

Such a letter from Richard with some endorsement by you of
your experience with the young man, and your estimate of his
ability and prospects will have no inconsiderable weight just
now in shaping the destiny of the Indian problem.

With kind regards to Mrs Harvey and love to both Richard
and Nellie, and a hope that I may see you all during the Win-
ter, I remain,

VOL. 14

346

December 21, 1888.

Ellis E. Abbott,

Smiths College,
Northampton, Mass.,

My dear friend:

Your letter of the 25. of November came in
my absence, and since my return I have been unable to take it
up until this present.

The sum your Society sent us last year went to help pay what
it could on the Twenty-two Thousand Dollar debt on buildings
we are yet to last year. It will seem very uninteresting if year
to your Society, but it has provided us with weapons of war-
fare of almost inestimable quality. Before we had the build-
ings we were partly a commune and an Indian camp; now we are
individual. This year the government has added a fire school
building to our property, and we are now able to provide well
in every way for Six Hundred students.

The Eleven Chiricahua Apaches, whose contrast photos show
you are all living but one except Basil Ekarden, and are in
ing well. Both boys and girls are fast becoming experts in
lish speaking and skillful in such lines of industry as we have
placed them. The boys generally learn trades. Jennette and

VOL. 14

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 14

2

Because are in good Quaker families and attending public
schools with white children. Poor Margaret, some months ago,
while at work in our Laundry was playing with the steam Mau-
gle while in motion, got the fingers of her right hand crush-
ed so badly that all four had to be taken off at the first
joint.

I hardly know what to say about your wish to do something one
clally for them. You have their names on the photograph. A
letter to each with some little Christmas or New Year's token
would be helpful. We are becoming so well fixed that my needs
for special charity should not be large in the future. I am
still in debt about $4000.00 on the buildings. Quite a num-
ber of our students are becoming sufficiently advanced to
think of advanced education and are desiring it. The decisi-
ion of the Government is to, not at present, authorize the ex-
pense of higher education. It is thought best to give all the
Indians a chance of a moderate education. Under these cir-
stances I have determined to create a little fund and to
into our high schools and colleges a few of our most deserv-
ing students. To do this I shall ask our friends from year
to year to stand for the cost of it. We have four young men
to attend, and Henry Kendall, in the Preparatory School,
under the charge of our coffee; cost $100. per year. Of this
President gives $100, and I the other $100., $75. of

348

3

what I am to provide is contributed by a Presbyterian Cleg-
gyman near Philadelphia. If your Society choose to under-
take this I should be glad, or if you choose to help me with
the debt I should be equally pleased.

I have hoped for a long time that I might visit Smith Col-
lage and see the young ladies who have been so kind to us and
it is possible I may come yet this Winter.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 14

349

December 31, 1988.

Mrs A. M. Graves,
Decatur, Nebraska,

Dear Mrs Graves:

I have no doubt it would be a slow process that General Harrison will adopt in making changes, but when the new Officials take hold, if I were you and Mr Graves I would make application, forwarding such reference and endorsement as you will have and then stick to it. I shall be glad to do anything I can to help you when the time comes.

With kind regards to Mr. Graves,

VOL. 14

350

Dec. 20, 1888.

Geo. W. Atherton L. L. D.
Pres. State College and Chairman
Of Committee on Indian Education
State College, Centre Co., Pa.

Dear sir:

We have never prepared any reports bearing directly upon our system of Industrial Education. Would it not be possible for your committee or a delegation of it to visit us here? I most respectfully invite you.

I was in Dakota all the latter part of Summer and through the Fall on the Sioux Commission, or I should have taken some pains to get your Committee to visit our school.

VOL. 14

BLURRED ORIGINAL

VOL. 14

351

Dec. 20, 1888.

R. G. Marmon,
Laguna, N. M.,

My dear Col.

I have written to Chas. Carr, who is at
a school in Bucks County, and told him he must write to his
father at once and frequently. It is a common complaint about
the boys and girls who are out. They make so many new friends
and have so much to attend to they forget to write home or to-
the school.

Littie Annie is very well indeed, also Bertha, and Maria and
Walter. Maria quite astonished us all about her in making
a number of articles which she has already sent through the
mail. Glad to hear of the good health at Laguna, and think
possibly I may see you next Summer.

I suppose you have heard there has been an Election that will
change some of the school interests materially. I think.

With kind regards to all at Laguna,

352

Dec. 20, 1888.

Rev. Mr. J. Cleveland,
Madison, Dakota,

My dear Cleveland.

I sent you a dozen copies of our
Sioux Report as printed in the Red Man, and also send you one
of the Secretary's. Yours enclosing editorial from Pioneer
Press was just in time. We had started to print, but I stop-
ped the press and put that in thinking it good accompaniment
to the Report. I see nothing at all in the Eastern papers in
regard to it. Mr. Dawes called for it and it was sent to the
Senate, and ordered to be published, together with all the
Journal proceedings and accompanying papers.

Delegates Gifford has introduced a Bill arbitrarily opening
the Reservation, and the Indian Committee of the House has
favorably reported it and it is now on the Calendar. When
this is under discussion I have no doubt the House will pass
it.
I think better of the Report the more I read it over.

My visit did not afford me the rest and change I needed. It
was too short and there was too much dining out.

Our new school building is in nice shape, and we shall be-
gin work after the holidays with no end of ardor and a full
school.

VOL. 14

BLURRED ORIGINAL

Dec. 20, 1888.

Major W. W. Anderson,
U. S. Indian Agent
Crow Creek, Dak.

Dear Major:

I forwarded you a half dozen of our report as it appears in our Red Man. I am entirely unable to give you any information in regard to Mr. Dawes' views, or what the President intends doing if an arbitrary bill is passed. I know both Senator Dawes and the President were very greatly disappointed with the result of our Conference in Washington. Of one thing we feel certain, and that is that it cannot be done by any reasonable negotiating.

VOL. 14

370

## Industrial Education at Carlisle Indian School.

Industrial Education as practiced at this school presents some features not usually found in the trade schools for instance, our pupils have as beginners generally such an important knowledge of the English language, that instruction by any course of lessons with explanation of process or methods is well nigh out of the question. Of necessity therefore skill in any manual occupation has to be mainly acquired by observation and practice.

As a consequence of these conditions the education obtained is wholly practical, Shoemaking is taught by making shoes, TIMING by making tinware, CARPENTERING by working with carpenters at whatever building operations are in progress or such joiners' work as may be necessary, and so on through all the departments operated.

Not only is this system the only one open to us, but it is in the case of undisciplined uneducated minds the best system to pursue. There is not the mental ability to appreciate a progressive technical course of operations or processes, valuable only as leading to a desired mechanical knowledge and which also depend much for their usefulness on oral instruction only; but the lowest intellect derives satisfaction and encouragement from being able to produce something complete, as a fine cup a pair of shoes, a horsemanship, or a table &c.

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The ability once acquired to produce a complete article, all that remains to be done is to strive for excellence by passing on to the more difficult operations in each trade.

As a consequence of this method the labor of the pupil becomes at once productive, for instance we make all the shoes needed for the school, do all the shoe repairs, make all the clothing for both boys and girls, make for the Government large quantities of tinware, harness and wagons, print two papers; a weekly with a circulation of 6000, and a monthly of about 3000, do a large quantity of miscellaneous printing, do almost all the steam fitting and pipe work of the premises, care for the steam boilers, and farm 300 acres of land with the aid only of a head to each department; and in addition place out during the Summer season from 200 to 300 of our students as farmers helps.

In all of this work there is good business experience for the student; large quantities of raw material have to be handled, weighed, tested as to quality, and stored- Government contracts have to be filled in a given time, with goods of a uniform grade, which have to be packed, weighed, marked and shipped to the different points required, so that there are many more avenues for instruction in that which an Indian or any youth should know by a system which looks to the manufacture of merchantable articles over one that merely instructs, but does not produce.

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In carrying on this industrial education simultaneously with a literary we have found that a half day at school and a half day at home has given the best results. All departments are organized with two complete sets of pupils, one being at school when the other is at work as a teacher has two schools, a mechanical instructor two sets of apprentices.

By this method the instructors in all departments have smaller numbers under their care and are better able to give individual attention.

Under the system outlined there have been under instruction during the school year 1888-89 - boys as follows Viz.

<table><tr><td>At Blacksmith and wagon work</td><td>16</td><td>At Carpentering</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>" Shoemaking</td><td>36</td><td>" Timing</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>" Printing</td><td>18</td><td>" Tailoring</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>" Harness Making</td><td>33</td><td>" Painting</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>" Steam Pipe Work</td><td>10</td><td>" Farming</td><td>301</td></tr><tr><td>" Baking</td><td>4</td><td>" Care of Boilers</td><td>4</td></tr></table>

The girls are instructed in all that pertains to household and Laundry work, plain sewing, dress-making, cooking and some tailoring, but nothing has been attempted for the girls aside from these usual and necessary lines.

In all of the various departments of girls' work excellence is attained by some, and a good degree of proficiency by all. The same system of half a day at work and half a day at study is pursued as with the boys.

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