HARVARD UNIVERSITY

GOVERNMENT 112

NOVEMBER 7, 1949

Write an essay on ONE of the following:

1. "British financial procedures, from the presentation of the estimates to the final accounting, give no real opportunity to the people's representatives to determine how the people's money shall be spent."

2. "In a democracy, the people choose a leader in whom they trust. Then the chosen leader says, 'Now shut up and obey me.' People and party are no longer free to interfere in his business. Later the people can sit in judgment. If the leader has made mistakes ... to the 'gallows' with him." (Max Weber, in a conversation with General Ludendorf.)

Examine this notion of democratic leadership in the light of your reading in Schumpeter and your study of British government.

Hour Examination.

№ 90

Gov 112-2

R. C. K. Ensor, *History of England, 1870-1914*

J. A. Spender, *A Short History of Our Times*

H. H. Slesser, *History of the Liberal Party*. 1944.

F. J. C. Hearnshaw, *Conservatism in England*. 1933.

Quintin Hogg, *The Case for Conservatism*. 1947.

H. J. Laski, *Parliamentary Government in England*, Chs. I, II.

### 3. Week of October 9: The House of Commons

**REQUIRED:** W. I. Jennings, *Parliament, Chs. IV, VIII, IX*. Rappard, *Source Book on European Government*, Part VI.

**OPTIONAL:** Jeremy Bentham, *Essay on Legislative Tactics*

L. S. Amery, *Thoughts on the Constitution*. 1947.

Thomas E. May, *Treatise on the Law, Proceedings and Usage of Parliament*. 14th edn., 1946.

J. Redlich, *Procedure of the House of Commons*.

H. J. Laski, *Parliamentary Government in England*, Chs. I, IV.

J. F. S. Ross, *Parliamentary Representation*

Simon Haxey, *Tory MP's*

Third Report from the Select Committee on Procedure, House of Commons Papers, No. 189, 1946.

W. I. Jennings, *Parliamentary Reform*

### 4. Week of October 16: Cabinet and Ministry

**REQUIRED:** W. I. Jennings, *Cabinet Government*, Chs. II, III, VIII, IX, XIV.

**OPTIONAL:** Ramsay Muir, *How Britain is Governed*, Chs. I, III.

*Report of the Machinery of Government Committee (Haldane Committee)*. Cmd. 9230. 1918 (Reprinted 1947)

W. A. Robson, "The Machinery of Government, 1939-1947", *Political Quarterly*, Jan-Mar., 1948.

L. Hilton Young, *The System of National Finance*. 3rd edn., 1936.

H. J. Laski, "The Parliamentary and Presidential Systems", *Public Administration Review*, vol. 4 (Autumn, 1944)

Lord Hankey, *Government Control in War*. 1945.

Sir John Anderson, "The Machinery of Government", *Public Administration*, Autumn, 1946.

### 5. Week of October 23: Administration and Planning

**REQUIRED:** W. I. Jennings, *Cabinet Government*, Chs. IV, V, VII and Appendix III.

*Report of the Committee on Ministers' Powers*. Cmd. 4060. 1932.

Gov 112-3

OPTIONAL:
H. E. Dale, The Higher Civil Service of Great Britain
Donald Kingsley, Representative Bureaucracy

H. R. G. Greaves, The Civil Service in the Changing State, 1947.

H. M. Stout, The Public Service in Great Britain

Lincoln Gordon, The Public Corporation in Great Britain

W. A. Robson, Public Enterprise

Lord Hewart, The New Despotism

W. A. Robson, "The Administration of Nationalized Industries in Britain", Public Administration Review, vol. 7, (Summer 1947).

A. D. Angel, "British Use of Public Corporations", Social Research, vol. 14 (Sept., 1947).

John R. Hicks, The Problem of Budgetary Reform. 1948.

D. N. Chester, The Nationalized Industries. 1948.

## II. Sweden

1. Week of October 30: Parties, Parliament and Social Legislation

REQUIRED:
Nils Herlitz, Sweden: A Modern Democracy on Ancient Foundations. 1939.

M. W. Childs, Sweden: The Middle Way, Chs. V, VI, VII, IX, XI, XII.

OPTIONAL:
Ben A. Arneson, The Democratic Monarchies of Scandinavia. 2nd edition. 1949.

J. T. Shotwell and others, The Governments of Continental Europe, "The Government and Politics of the Scandinavian Countries".

M. Cole and C. Smith (eds.), Democratic Sweden. 1938.

Social Welfare in Sweden, Published by Royal Swedish Commission, 1939.

Herbert Tingsten, "Legislative Assemblies: Scandinavian States and Finland", Encyclopedia of Social Sciences.

## III. France

1. Week of November 6: Problems of the Fourth Republic

REQUIRED:
Ranney and Carter, Major Foreign Powers, Part Two, "The Government of France", Chs. 1, 9, 10. Text of Constitution now in force. On Reserve.

OPTIONAL:
Gordon Wright, The Reshaping of French Democracy. 1948.
David Thomson, Democracy in France. 1946.
Dorothy Pickles, "The French Crisis", Political Quarterly, Apr-June 1948.