283

October 8th, 1890,

James Seweyea,

Laguna, R. M.

Dear James!-

I got your letter and am glad to hear that you are back home safely and that you have pleasure in meeting your friends, relatives and people. Of course, I am sorry that some of our boys out there wear long hair and some of the girls put on Indian dress. Maybe after a while they will think better of it and change back to the American dress again. I am very glad that you find work with the Railroad Co. If you do as well as you can do they will want to keep you as long as you will work. Of course, if you do not do well you must not expect them to keep you.

We have a pleasant time at the school now, just about 500 present which makes us a good full number. Of course, you get the Helper; if you don't you should subscribe at once and from that you will hear every week about us.

With best wishes for you and Ben, and all the returned students,

I am,

Your friend,

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 17

October 8th, 1890,

Rev. J. S. Kewaygeshik,

Potoskey, Mich.

My dear friend:-

I have concluded to send Mr. Standing to Petoskey to settle the matter about the children and shall hope that he can make up a party of Twenty or more. He will probably reach Petoskey about Wednesday of next week so that you will have some time to send word around about it and get information that would help him so that he may not be too much delayed.

VOL. 17

October 9th, 1890,

J. H. Friend, Esq., Secretary,
The Western Phonograph Co.,
146 Fifth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

The two phonographs were shipped as requested in
your letter of 6th inst., and herewith I send you Express Co's
receipt. I also enclose my check for $21.10, covering balance
of rental due. As at present situated, I do not care to make
further efforts.

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288

October 9th, 1890,

Hon. Redfield Proctor,

Secretary of War,

Washington, D. C.

My dear Sir:-

I am very glad indeed that you have sent Chaplain Pierson to Mt. Vernon, and have no doubt our relations there will now be on a better footing. I see that Lieut. Wotherspoon is ordered here, and indirectly, through what some one has seen in the papers, am told that he is to bring some of the Apaches, though I knew nothing of it; this, of course, will be all right. I should like to help all I can. One married woman, her husband, and two boys of those now here ought perhaps to be sent down there on account of health. As they speak English fairly well, and can write somewhat intelligently, they can be useful in intercourse with their people. All of them are at work and in school, but the doctor reports this condition and conditions that, in his judgment, make their going through the winter here precarious.

VOL. 17

October 9th, 1890,

William F. Campbell,

619 11th Avenue, S. E.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

My dear William:-

Stick to your place and fight it out and you will not be left in the lurch. In the absence of General Morgan, I am not able to approach with confidence the Department in the matter of the $167. He does not return until the fore part of November. If you get clear down and really must have money, write me again and I will send you a check. I prefer that the case should be emergent when I present it, and all your letters on this line help me to make it so.

Your assured friend,

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292

October 8th, 1890.

To The Honorable,

The Comr. of Indian Affa rs,

Washington, D. C.

Sir:-

Complying with the instructions of your telegram of
August 11th, 1890, I have the honor to state that I duly visited
and inspected the St. Ignatius School, located on the Flathead
Reservation, Montana, and report as follows in regard to it:-

The mission as a whole is under the direction of
Father D'Aste, of the Jesuit Order, who resides in the building
used as boys' dormitory and dwelling, also as the home of the var-
ious Priests and lay brothers of the Order who assist in conduct-
ing the School, and which I shall for the purpose of this report
style the "boys building"

This building is the most prominent object in
approaching the Mission. It is built of wood, three stories high,
with a frontage of 120 feet and has two wings each 90 x 30 feet
well supplied with porches, balconies and outside stairways from
balcony to balcony. The design of the building and finish so
far as completed are good and furnish all needed accommodations
for the pupils.

This building is provided with steam heating appar-

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293

atus not yet extended all over, but to be so extended; it is
fitted with excellent inside sanitary arrangements, well put in;
an abundant supply of water on all the floors, and adequate lava-
tory arrangements for the students, but some deficiency exists
in the bathing capacity as there are but three bath-tubs for all
the inmates, these however are good and the plumbing and fitting
throughout are of the best. In this building no plaster is used,
all the inside finish is native pine ceiling, in many places very
tastefully applied and varnished.

The boys' dormitories are supplied with single beds,
wire mattresses, and a sufficiency of bedding, they are on the
large dormitory system a perfect (one of the younger Priests) being
in charge of each room. They will when completed be provided with
clothing closets for each student, and are as comfortable as need
be.

The dining room and kitchen are ample, the former
not as well furnished as might be, the tables long and narrow.
The kitchen is well equipped, but presided over by two Chinamen.

The number of boys enrolled is 126. I was not, how-
ever, able to see them, as the school was not in session and the
boys were in camp for a period of recreation at a point fifteen
miles distant.

Immediately in the year of the boys' dormitory is

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3.

the boys' school building, 85 x 70 feet, consists of three floors, containing recitation rooms, and at present (awaiting the completion of the new building) the sleeping rooms of the large boys. The class rooms are sufficient but the furniture is getting old, and there was a deficiency in blackboard accommodation. In this building there is a Museum, containing many objects of interest, stuffed animals and birds, as well as Indian and historical curios.

## WATER SUPPLY.

Adjacent to the main building described is a water tower 70 feet high, with a tank holding 12,000 gallons to which the water is forced by a first class pumping apparatus, consisting of a large mining pump and a 20 horse-power engine. From this source water is supplied through all the buildings except the one occupied by the girls. There is an abundance of couplings and an organized FIRE BRIGADE.

## THE GIRLS' SCHOOL

The buildings used for the 122 girls enrolled are wholly separated from those occupied by the boys and are semi-detached from each other. They consist of one building 125 x 40 feet, with three floors used for dormitories, dining room, etc.; a building 38 x 40 feet used as school rooms and sewing room and

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295

another building 120 feet long used as store room, bakery, laundry, etc.

This department of the school is under the direction of the Sisters of Charity, Sister Jane being the Mother Superior of the Institution. In point of cleanliness, order, and the general condition of the repair of the building there seemed nothing lacking. There also seemed to be a continual surveillance of the girls by some one or other of the sisters both indoors and out.

The larger girls at the time of my visit had just returned from a two weeks' camp and the small girls were to go that day.

In the disturbed condition of the school I was not able to ascertain much in regard to scholarship, but examined some copy books which showed average proficiency and neatness.

There seemed to be an ample staff for the proper conduct of the school, the Sisters being mostly of Canadian nationality.

## KINDERGARTEN

This is a new department under the care of Ursuline Nuns, apparently American ladies, of whom one known as Mother Perpetua is the manager.

There are also several present in this department

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296

5. 54 children, of from three to ten years of age - who certainly whatever may be thought of the principle of taking children so young from their parents, thereby relieving them of their natural and just obligations to their offspring, have a pleasant home and are well cared for, every detail being in good order. In the Laundry department of this Institution is done the washing for the boys' school.

INDUSTRIES.

There is in connection with the school quite a varied range of industries practised, with properly equipped shops and instructors for teaching harness making, shoe-making, blacksmithing and carpentering, with from two to six apprentices to each department. There is also a fairly equipped printing office but no competent instructor at present.

FARMS

The Sisters manage a farm of 160 acres, absolutely independent of any control, have their own herd of cows and work-stock and instruct the girls in dairying and gardening, and in all business matters manage their own department.

The Mission farm proper consists of 480 acres of land, all irrigated and productive, used principally in raising wheat for the school and forage for the stock. All boys of suit-

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297

able age work on the farm.

## CATTLE HERD AND DAIRY.

The Mission owns a herd of some 1400 head of cattle which supplies the needs of the school and leaves a surplus for sale. There are 45 milk cows with a dairy department presided over by one of the lay brothers. It is complete in its appointments and furnishes the school with its milk supply and also during the last year with 1400 lbs. of butter. The milking is done by Indian women who live adjacent to the Mission.

## SAW AND GRIST MILL.

The saw mill belongs to the Mission and is sufficiently equipped to furnish all the lumber needed in the building operations of the Mission, from an excellent quality of pine logs cut in the vicinity. It is run by water, as is also the Grist mill, which is quite old but still with its burr stones under the manipulation of one of the lay brothers it turns the wheat crop into good flour and with that and toll taken for grinding for outsiders furnishes enough flour for the Mission.

## BARN

In the immediate vicinity of the mills is located the barn, a roomy old building, 80 x 65 feet, which stables some

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298

One head of horses as well as two Percheron stallions, the property of the Mission, which makes quite a business of raising a good number of horses, selling what they do not need. There are also a number of hogs which are used merely as a source of revenue, but not for food by the Institution, beef being the only meat so used.

## GARDENING.

This department also under the care of a lay brother assisted by the boys furnishes the needed supply of vegetables, also includes an orchard now yielding fruit and some carefully laid out and well kept flower beds. The girls' school has also a large vegetable and flower garden which are mainly, if not entirely, cared for by the Sisters and girls.

## BAKERY

There is a well equipped bakery with a competent baker, and two Indian apprentices.

## GIRLS' INDUSTRIES.

In addition to the gardening and dairying mentioned as practiced by the girls, they are also instructed in sewing, knitting, cooking, baking, washing and carpet weaving, a well fitted loom being among the equipments of the Girls' department.

VOL. 17

## DIETARY AND CLOTHING.

The bread and meat were of good quality and apparently (at any rate while in camp) no limit was placed on quantity. It is customary for all to have milk at the noon meal with a sufficiency for coffee and tea at morning and night. Boys employed at hard labor receive a lunch at 4 o'clock in addition to their three meals.

The clothing I saw, although I did not see the students, was of two grades suitable for working and better suits. The managers would like to use a uniform but the Indians object and in deference to their objection they forbear to use them even for the Band.

## BAND.

There is a band of about 20 pieces which is constructed by one of the faculty and it is stated would become proficient if the pupils remained long enough in the School.

## EDUCATIONAL.

The period of my visit was not favorable for obtaining accurate information in this department, owing to the vacation, absence of instructors, etc. There are, however, three instructors for the boys and four for the girls; school rooms and all instruction entirely separate. All instruction, except some

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300

religious teaching is in English.

I know nothing of the qualifications of the instructors, or the proficiency of students beyond some specim of penmanship and composition submitted herewith, also programmes of several entertainments held during the year at which both boys and girls are present, and which form the only occasions except Church when they meet together as a school.

## TEXT BOOKS.

The text-books in use are the Catholic series of Readers as prepared for Catholic Parochial schools, Davies Arithmetic and Thompson's series of writing books.

## GENERAL

The Mission Church is noteworthy as being the first Church built in Montana, a portion of the material used in its construction being brought from the East by way of Cape Horn 30 years ago. It will, therefore, be seen that the Mission field among the Flathead Indians has been long occupied, the present building is to be replaced in the near future by a more pretentious brick structure, when the present building is to serve the purpose of an Assembly hall for entertainments and exhibitions.

I found that the managers were very careful that there should be nothing that clashed with Indian ideas as they were

VOL. 17

10.

afraid they would thereby lessen their moral influence with the
Indians. This condition of affairs puts them at a disadvantage
in maintaining and enforcing discipline among the students.

I was not able to see any particular evidence of
thrift or advanced civilization among the Indians who attended the
Church or lived in close proximity to the Mission.

I found among the workers no lack of zeal or interest in their work, although so far as I could ascertain none were of American birth, being mostly Italian or German. In my judgment, they are faithfully filling the conditions of their contract with the Government, but with a thoroughly proselyting Catholic bias - which, whatever it may do for the Indians in the future under the impetus of education, shows no adequate civilizing results for its past efforts in the immediate vicinity of the Mission.

The Fathers were unanimous in looking upon Indian
Day Schools as of but little value. They also admitted it a good
plan so far as the student was concerned to remove to a distance,
but deprecated the separation from parents, and yet at the same
time admitted that their great difficulty was to keep students
long enough, stating that as soon as boys got to a working age
14 or 15 years, the parents wanted them and made all manner of
excuses to get them from school, but said that this did not apply
so much to the girls.

No serious fault can be found with the equipment

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302

11.

of any department of the School: there seems to be the best of intention and every needed care, but the system is not consonant with American educational ideas, and the Faculty and staff are foreign by birth, whatever may be their present condition as to citizenship. Their lives, aside from their duties as managers and instructors, are those of men zealous for their Order, and the interest of their Church.

I consider the weak points in the education given to be: that the rules of the different houses require such a complete separation of the sexes as to militate against the most efficient house-keeping by leaving the care of buildings, ward-robe, dining room, etc. exclusively to male members, thus depriving the Indian boys of the most salutary influence of lady teachers and managers, and cutting boys and girls absolutely off from that proper intercourse and association with each other which ordinarily springs from co-education.

I regard St. Ignatius Mission as possibly the best School of its class in the country, but I do not see how its students, male or female, can become as well equipped for the duties of life under such a system, whatever may be its individual excellence, as under one where the conditions of life are more nearly normal. The students see the best the country affords within the school inclosure; they look beyond and see the squalid huts of the Indians, no thrift or industry apparent, no incentive for

VOL. 17

them to be ambitious. I contrast this with a location where all
beyond the school limits, as well as within them, is tending away
by the unfailing teaching of example and am constrained to
the belief that the latter condition has the advantage over all
else possible.

I append herewith a wood-out of the Mission taken
from a local publication, specimens of writing, composition, and
the programme before mentioned, together with a programme of the
day as spent in the boys' department during the Winter months.

I wish to acknowledge the courtesy of Father D'Aste
and his associates for their kind entertainment and the facilities
afforded me in the work of inspection, and in their behalf mention
a matter of which they complain as causing them at times serious
inconvenience, viz., the delay which occurs in the settlement of
their claims by the Department.

Respectfully submitted.

Assist. Supt., Carlisle School.

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305

Oct ¹, 10, 1890.

Postmaster,

Anadarko, Ind. Terr.

Dear Sir:

On May 16th, a package, under cover of registry, addressed to me was received at this school. The said package contained a pair of large and apparently-having-been-worn moccasins, and from the knowledge I have of the various Indian tribes I should say they were Kiowa moccasins. Not having been claimed and no owner found for them, I apply to you for information. The package was mailed at Anadarko, May 8. Register numbers 136--134.

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307

October 14th, 1890,

Casper Edson,

Yardley, Bucks Co., Pa.

My dear Casper:--

I have your letter in which you request that you may be turned free from the school. I did that for some other boys, among them Kish Hawkins, and they have been glad to come back to the School. I do not know that there is any hindrance to you in carrying out any purposes you may have to make a man of yourself and to be independent in every way. Practically, you are that now. You may go right along and do the best you can for yourself and I shall not interfere with or interrupt you in any way that would be to your disadvantage, but I do not think that it is best to cast you off entirely just yet.

I would like to hear from you again and to know what your purposes are.

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308

October 14th, 1890,

Miss A. S. Ely,

Mount City, Kas.

Dear Miss Ely:--

Most assuredly, I shall be glad to have you take
the little extra time you desire and return to us on Monday, the
2nd, as I understand this is your wish. Glad to know that you
are making good use of the Kansas ozone, etc., and hope that you
will be rejuvenated to the extent of juvenility. As the springs
of eternal youth have not been found elsewhere, it may be Kansas
has them. I hope so, and if you discover them I shall trend
that way myself.

Miss Bender seems to carry the duties along very
well, and there is nothing I know of that need give you any an-
xiety in connection with your duties here.

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309

October 14th, 1890,

William Tivis,

Annadarko, Ind. Ter.

Dear William:-

I got your letter. Glad to hear from you, and especially glad to know that you have been at work since you returned. If you can keep yourself busily engaged at some useful labor from morning to night, six days out of the week, and will take care of the Seventh day as you know how and ought to, you can make a success even on the Comanche and Kiowa reservation; but when you quit work and neglect the other your future becomes at once involved in doubt. Both you and Below, as well as all the other returned Carlisle students, need not fail for want of knowledge. You know how. You have only to use your know how to come out all right.

We are having a successful school so far. Fifty of our boys are going to the State Convention of Y. M. C. A. at Danville next week. The Helfers will give you the Carlisle.

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310

October 24th, 1890,

George W. Means,

Pine Ridge, South Dakota.

My dear George:-

Thank you for your letter and the information it
contains in regard to our returned students.

About the boys who want to come to Carlisle, that
must be done with the full knowledge and consent of the agent,
and you had better talk with him and make the arrangements subject
to his wishes in the matter. If they are in good health, and
fellows deserving in every way, I shall be glad to furnish the
transportation.

I am glad that you intend to take the business
course. You remember that was what I urged upon you. Chester
and James Given expect to attend the great business college at
Poughkeepsie, leaving here some time in February. Though we
have 723 students, Mr. Standing left yesterday for a party of 25
or 30 that wish to come from Northern Michigan. If the party
comes from Pine Ridge, it is important we have a proportion not
less than one third girls.

With kind regards and best wishes from all of us at
Carlisle for you in every way.

Faithfully, your friend,

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311

October 14th, 1890,

John M. Collins,

Leaton, Mich.

My dear Sirs:-

It is pleasant to know that you are satisfied with our methods. I can assure you that we take a very great deal of interest in your two children. Your son is one of the very best boys we have ever had in the school, and your daughter, I have every reason to believe, will give us equal satisfaction. When she returns to the school I will give attention to the wish you express to have her taught music.

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312

October 15th, 1890,

Mrs. Helen McClellan,

Chambersburg, Pa.

My dear Mrs. McClellan:-

I can formulate a programme better
after our next monthly exhibition which takes place on Satur-
day evening. I do not think we had better go to Chambers-
burg before some time after the middle of November. We are
not in very good running order yet and have not discovered
and developed the talent of our pupils.

I want you to understand that I do this
principally because of Mrs. Kennedy and the C. V. R. If I
did it as an ordinary matter, I should be pestered with
appeals from every quarter. I have refused so many that very
few apply for us to come any more, and I do not go out at
all.

VOL. 17

October 15th, 1890,

D. H. Showers, Esq., Pres't.,
County Savings Bank,
683 North Broad Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Sirs:

Our savings principles are very primitive, and inaugurated solely and conducted entirely with reference to our school children. Anxious to teach our children the value and uses of money, I began at once when we started the school to plan for the employment of both the boys and girls where they could earn small sums. Our arrangements in the school are that boys working at trades for the first year get 4 cents for each half day; for the second year 6 cents; and for the third year, and afterwards, 12 cents for each half day. This enables them to earn $2,500, to $3,000 a year, distributed among about four hundred, - a very small sum, and yet from this small sum we require a saving. Each student has a bank book and we open an account in the office and make the deposits in bulk in the town Savings Bank. During vacation we send out on to farms, and among people who desire laborers, very large numbers of our boys and girls. Last year we had about 400 out, and these receive such sal-

VOL. 17

314

2. aries as they are worth. Many of the larger and better boys are able to earn full farmer's wages. The girls go in to the household and earn such wages as other girls of their ages and ability earn.

We carry 200 or more above our appropriation number and leave out during the winter, working on into the fall and beginning early in the Spring, about 200. They go to school four months and during that period receive no wages, but their board and keep is covered by their service mornings and evenings and Saturdays. By this means last year our earnings amounted to about $15,000. The amounts so earned are deposited and kept an account of the same as the shop earnings. They are allowed to draw upon their savings once a month and are required to state upon a little form the amount of money they have and exactly what they desire to buy and pay for. If a proper expenditure I approve their application and the money is provided for them. They go to the town and make their purchases and return to the school and show what they have bought, so that we keep track of transactions and know whether they are treated fairly or not.

I cannot imagine that our system would be valuable for you in any way. Having entire control over the children, being their father for the time being, I am able to command such a course as I think best in regard to

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316

October 15th, 1890,

Albert Bishop,

Versailles, Catt. Co., N. Y.

Dear Sir:-

If you come down the Northern Central Road from Elmira to Harrisburg, you connect there with the Cumberland Valley, and we are 19 miles out from Harrisburg. Get off at Gettysburg Junction and we are only a quarter of a mile from the Station.

VOL. 17

October 16th, 1890,

Enfield S. Brown,

Box 111,

Walden, Orange Co., N. Y.

Dear Sirs,

There is nothing in what you propose that I could entertain here. We are a Government School doing Government work, and are not authorized to go into the show business.

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October 18th, 1890,

Messrs. Hunt & Eaton,
150 5th Avenue,
cor. 20th Street, New York.

Gentlemen:-

I will thank you to send me a dozen copies of
Dr. Dorchester's "Romanism versus the Public Schools" by
express, as per your letter of 15th inst., and I will remit.

VOL. 17

October 16th, 1890,

Dr. Fordyce Grinnell,

Pasadena, Cal.

My dear Doctor:-

Yours of 8th acknowledging check received. It has
been very pleasant to me to have such a detailed letter from you
and to know of the well being of yourself and family. I con-
gratulate you most heartily on the good fortune that comes to you
in recovering so quickly your practice. Dr. Dixon has taken
hold and pleases us with his good judgment and skill, and if
things continue as they have begun I shall have great reason to
thank you for suggesting so good a man to take your place. Mrs.
Dixon is not at all aggressive and whatever opinions she may have
she keeps to herself, so that I fear we shall not be much stirred
up by that side of the house. Personally, I feel this to be
somewhat of a disadvantage; others, especially those who play
croquet and who have the more immediate care of Government supplies
may not be in full sympathy with my loss.

It is delightful to know that Esther is doing so
well. Race origin apparently counts for nothing out there.

You suggest a very flattering outlook for my own
employment. It would gratify Mrs. Pratt greatly to be located in

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320

2, Dr. G.,

Southern California. She has claimed for several years that that
was to be our home on retiring. I am not wedded to the plans
of the Government as exposed by the present Commissioner, i. e.,
the establishment of a Public School system among the Indians and
on the Reservations, and if that is persisted in I shall be en-
tirely out of sympathy with the Government's Indian Educational
work, which may lead to my changing to different lines.

Of course, you have the "Helper" and know what is
going on here. There is little else to add. So far we have had
excellent health this fall, and about 500 are present at the school
Just now Mr. & Mrs. Standing have gone to Northern Michigan to
select and bring in a party of students offered from that section.
Others are offered from Pine Ridge and from the Osages. We
number about 725 and shall probably run to 775 or 800 soon.

I did not go to the Conference at Lake Mohonk, because, like the Commissioner's plans, I am out of sympathy with those who gather there. It was one of the largest gatherings they have ever had, Bishops and other religious dignitaries being in entire command and control of the situation. Their declarations were all laudatory of Church work save that they endorsed the Commissioners' plans for the Public School system for the Indians. By what they say one would think the Board of Indian Commissioners and the Churches had done it all. I sent Chester

VOL. 17

VOL. 17

October 16th, 1890.

I. T. Williams,

Wrightstown, Pa.

Dear Isaac:-

I am very sorry to trouble you again, but you are still off the track. You must understand that you have no right to make advances to Sarah Williams, and that any engagement you have with her is illegal without her parents' consent. This you have not as, while she is under my care, I have the authority of parentage. You have very grossly violated proper principles in making advances to her of that kind and entering into any arrangement with her. I have read your letter to her received this morning and have ordered it to be returned to you without her seeing it. You are in no position whatever to think of marriage. It is not possible under present conditions for any one of common sense to look upon your advancements in that line favorably. You have both a future and a manhood to gain first. Your coming back to Wrightstown is without excuse and is only an evidence of your unfitness. The only thing for you to do is to go to some place and entirely establish the fact that your newly born principles have some real worth in them, and that will take several years. But not without some years and a lot of money. You must do it because you want it, and that is all I can say. Sincerely your friend, R.H.F.

October 16th, 1890.

Dr. Susan LaFlesdelle

Omaha Agency,

Omaha, Neb.

Dear Miss LaFlesdelle,

I am very sorry about the $10.00 and trust you will be able to get it returned and placed in the proper hands. I pressed James to send the money and have a personal interest in its reaching its destination. How very singular it is that when it comes to a question like that, there is such a want of principle in individuals. Of course, the father knew and the step-mother knew that the money was not intended for her. When James sent money to his mother it meant his real mother. I come in contact with such transactions so often that it is quite a discouragement.

VOL. 17

Oct 16, 1890.

Mrs. Algerina Jourdan,
Gresham, Shawano Co.,
Wisconsin.

Dear Madam:

Enclosed finda check for $15:00 which is all
Benjamin should spare. He has desired me to forward you twen-
ty-five dollars but he only has $21:15 and I think he had
best save a small sum for his own use.

Benjamin is staying out in the country this winter at
his own option and will go to schoolthere. He has been a good
boy.

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326

October 20th, 1890,

Harriet Stewart,
Lapwai School,
Idaho.

My dear Harriet:-

You had better see Miss Fletcher and if she
consents to bring your sister and it is all right for her to come,
I shall be glad to arrange transportation. It would be quite as
well for a number to come in at the same time..

You can show this letter to Miss Fletcher who will
write or telegraph me as may be needed, and I will arrange it.

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327

October 20th, 1890,

Legere Breaux,

Chinook, Belnap Co., Mon.

My dear Sirs:-

I have your letter of 10th and your telegram.

Though I do not think it necessary or best, I shall comply with
your wishes and bring Rosalie back to the School within a few days.

As I wrote you before, she herself repeatedly asked for this pri-
vilege, and to allow her to have her own way about it now is to
lose the opportunity for giving a good lesson.

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328

October 20th, 1890,

Stacy Matlock,

Pawnee Agency, Ind. Ter.

My dear Stacy:-

I have asked Mr. Wood, of the Penna. Road, to have a
ticket placed at Ponce Station for you, and I have no doubt it
will be there in a few days. You will give your receipt for it
and I shall pay for it. We shall be glad to see you back as soon
as your visit is over and you care to come.

Faithfully your friend,

VOL. 17

October 20th, 1890,

Thomas W. Potter,

223 North Park Street,

Hamilton, Ont.

My dear Mr. Potter:-

We shall be on the look out for you and glad
to see you whenever your arrangements permit you to visit us.
Advise me of the train you arrive on, and you will be met at the
Junction.

Sincerely your friend,

October 20th, 1890,

Dr. A. B. McCandless,

Holton, Kansas.

Dear Doctor:-

It will only do for me to speak to the Commissioner
personally when I see him about the matter you refer to. Evident-
ly, other interests are working Pottawotomie matters.

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331

October 25th, 1890,

Simon Powles,

Oneida, Wis.

Dear Sir:-

There is no occasion whatever for sending Ida home,
or your being concerned about her. Her ailment was only temporary

October 25th, 1890,

Miss Harriet Smith,

West Doplens, Wis.

Dear Madam:-

Your daughter Sarah is located where it is best for
her to be for this winter. She went at her own request and in
accordance with my judgment. She is making excellent progress,
is entirely content and there seems no reason for disturbing her.

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334

October 25th, 1890.

Andrew Metoxen,

DePere, Wis.

My dear Sir:

Your daughter, Melinda, has Pneumonia and is now in her sixth day. One lung is pretty much all involved and a small portion of the other. She is getting on as comfortably as we could expect, and we have confidence that the outcome will be all right, yet it is my duty to let you know her condition. I send you herewith the reports of the School physician in her case. I will advise you again of the progress of the disease.

Yours sincerely,

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336

October 27th, 1890.

Capt. W. H. Pearson, Chaplain U. S. A.,

Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.

My dear Chaplain:-

I dislike very much to appear to meddle in any military matters, where I am not personally accountable. I would advise that you write yourself directly to General Howard in whose Department you now are, stating the situation and see if he will not fix the conditions there to suit. My impressions are that changes will be made at Mt. Vernon before very long, that would do away with the conditions that now surround you. Am not authorized to say this, nor do I know it certainly, but I have intimations that lead me to think that before very long there will be very different conditions there. In the meantime, I know that you can write to General Howard, and as you are entirely within his control he can do that for you direct that the Secretary of War would have to order him to do, and I think that would be the pleasanter way to do it. I am sure that you were ordered there with special reference to service with the Indians, and you have a right to show any condition of things existing contrary to that.

In regard to Talbot, I am just waiting for the return of Lieut. Wotherspoon, who, as I wrote you, will be with me

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339

October 30th, 1890.

M. D. Pratt,

Johnstown, Pa.

Dear Mason:-

I have marked and advised changes as follows:-

Two additional windows in each end.

Two chutes leading from the barn floor into the cellar so that potatoes, turnips, etc. can be unloaded from a wagon on the barn floor and sent down into the cellar. These should be inside of the barn and slant to the cellar, and, of course, in the cellar we can place slanting boards so that potatoes etc. may not be bruised by dropping. A hole 2 feet by 18 inches would be large enough; of course, being inside of the barn, there will be considerable slanting to reach the cellar.

The root cellar should have a wide door at the north end so that a wagon could be backed in, and there should be a small door at the other end, 3' 10" or 4 feet. It would be an advantage in removing decayed vegetables, and sometimes in filling or emptying the cellar.

Truss braces should be changed at the highest point. There will be a little rail run along under the roof on which pulleys and a hay fork will be carried, and hay can be unloaded by

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340

2, M. D. P.,

that means from the wagon below. The braces as you had arranged them at first were right, but as you arranged them the second time they interfered, so I have marked them out and replaced the old ones.

On the lower floor you have a door at the end of the passage next the farm house. There should also be a door at the far end. There should also be two small windows in the back wall, somewhere about where I have marked. They need not be large.

On the east side or front of the barn there should be two doors instead of one. They should be opposite the two side entrance doors on the west, that is, remove the one you have. This is necessary on account of removal of straw and handling of the contents of the barn from both ends.

There should be a small window over the entrance door on the west side.

I would suggest that an increase in the size of the ventilator in the centre might add to the appearance of the barn.

There is no other reason why there should be a change that I know of.

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341

October 31st, 1890,

Miss Frances E. Sparhawk,

Newton Centre, Mass.

Dear Miss Sparhawk:—

I would like to do something with Miss Burgess' story. Would you please call on the Wide Awake people who have it just now, and look into the matter a little for me both there and at Houghton's. If I print it I will do it at our own expense and retain all rights.

In regard to the girls at the Catholic schools in Keshena, I have always made it a point not to meddle with agency or Mission schools nor accept students from such unless those in charge favored it, and I am very sure that none of those in charge at Keshena would be willing to let any of their children come here.

With kind regards to your sister,

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342

October 31st, 1890,

Miss Nancy Cornelius,

20 Jefferson Street,

Hartford, Conn.

My dear Nancy:-

It is a real delight to get your letter which is the first information I have had that you graduated. We have been anxious about that ourselves and have frequently wondered how it would be. Now that you are not only graduated but already in business we are greatly pleased, I assure you. Your opportunities have been wonderfully good, but then we all think Nancy herself is wonderfully good, so that one balances the other. I have been hoping that a way would open for another one of our girls to go to the Hospital at Hartford. There are several good ones in the Hospital who are looking forward to such opportunities and perhaps you may have some tact in working out such a chance. I hope some time this winter to get Zippa Metoxen and Rose Howell into a Nurse school. All goes about as usual with us at Carlisle. We have 500 children here, more than 200 out, nearly 700 in all, and more to come shortly from Michigan, Ohio and elsewhere. We are having so far not only a healthy but a prosperous session.

With love to Lilly,

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343

October 31st, 1890,

Phoebe Howell,

Pennsylvania Hospital,

Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Phoebe:-

I am exceedingly glad to get a little note from you and to know of your good health, and your continued success. It is more pleasant than I can tell you to receive letters from my school daughters and sons who are out having such special privileges which tell me of their contentment and their success.

Please say to Miss Hintze that I am obliged to her for urging you to write, also say to her that Capt. Pratt would be most happy to have her visit the school. If she could get away for a day or two from all the most happy to have her visit the school. If she could get away for a day or two from all the ills of her great Hospital we will give her a good chance to rest, and give her a breath of the very best Mountain air. Tell her that Capt. and Mrs. Pratt would be glad to have her as their guest.

I suppose you know all about what is going on at
the school, because you get the Helper. We shall be glad to see
you at Christmas if Miss Hintze can spare you. We have lots of
turkeys, ducks and chickens getting ready for that anniversary.

Faithfully your friend & school-father,

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344

October 31st, 1890,

Samuel Townsend,

508 Worctser Street,
Marietta, Ohio.

My dear Samuel:—

My opinion is that you had better give yourself up entirely to the judgment of General Eaton and be guided by him and your Professors. I do not imagine that you will act in anything as a lawyer unless you are equipped with a good education. The study and practice of law when you come to it will occupy all the time and energy that you have to spare by itself. I would, for your peace, give myself up to a good English education, and then go into a lawyer's office, let him direct your reading, and the daily contact with legal business will do more for you than all the law schools that you can attend.

You are not fixed at Marietta where you know and are known. Nothing could be better for you than to make a success of that first. Do try to take one thing at a time.

Give my warm regards to Gehl. Eaton, who I have now doubt will be able to fix the allowance from the Department for you all right.

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345

October 31st, 1890,

Mrs. Madeline Stephen,

Osage Agency, Ind. Ter.,

Dear Madam:-

Your son, Wesley, has, in accordance with our custom
at this school, been placed out on a farm for the winter and is
to attend Public School. He was so out during the summer. I
am doing for him what I know to be for his greatest good. It is
in keeping with our experience that boys should have just this
sort of treatment. He will not only be benefitted physically but
be broadened mentally by being away from the School. It will
learn him independence, beside that he is earning some pocket
money which boys of his age always need. George is at the School
Both are well and doing well and I write to Wesley directing him
to write to you.

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348

Nov. 1, 1890.

J. A. HOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT,

234 Chestnut St.
Philadelphia, Penna.

Gentlemen,

I enclose herewith my check for $4.19 in payment of your bill for Carbon paper. Please send receipted bill.

I am sorry I cannot sign this bill for Carbon paper. Please send receipted bill.

Very respectfully,

Capt. & Supt.

Telegram.

November 1st, 1890,

Mount Pleasant tickets withdrawn. Expect you here next week.

Pratt,
Captain.

Nov. 1, 1890.

Thomas S. Wilcox,

234 Market St.
Harrisburg, Penna.

Dear Sirs,

I enclose herewith my check for $51.00 in payment of your bill for Wymans. Please return receipted bill.

VOL. 17

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 17

November 3rd, 1890,

Ed. McConville,
Supt. Indian School,

Fort Lapwai, Idaho.

Dear Sirs—

I am not able to help you in the matter of a nurse.

The salary offered is so much lower than nurses usually receive
that it would be no inducement for a person to go from here. In-
deed, one of my Indian girls, who graduated at the Nurse School a
few weeks ago, is already receiving $15.00 per week. A woman
who has had some experience with a family and who has good common
sense in matters of caring for sick, might I should think be had
by you, but, of course, she would have to be, as you say, one whose
home is in the west.

Sorry I cannot help you.

352

November 3rd, 1890.

Chas. W. Chickeney,

Keshena, Wis.

Dear Charley:-

Denison Wheelock, to whom I forwarded your letter, quite entirely failed me in the matter of getting a party of children, and the party was brought in from Oneida by Peter Powles. I did not have it in mind to charge him with seeing you and bringing you along. I do not know of any others at your agency to come except yourself. If you will buy a ticket through to Louisville and take the Railroad receipt for it and come right along alone I will reimburse you for the ticket when you arrive here, and we will accept you at once. It is hardly worth while to go to the trouble of making special arrangements for one ticket.

Very truly your friend,

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354

November 4th, 1890,

Rev. John H. Collins,
Leaton, Isabella Co., Mich.

My dear Sir:-

I am glad to report the continued good health of
your children. Betsy now and then complains a little, but she
is in good hands and I am sure just where she ought to be. Your
letter to her was duly forwarded.

I sympathize with you in your bereavement in the
loss of your daugyter.

I will keep Betsy in mind and should anything un-
to
toward seem portend I will take care of her.

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355

November 4th, 1890,

Chas. S. Platt,

Box 66, Norristown, Pa.

My dear Friend:-

It is not at all practicable for us to respond
favorably to such requests, for the reason that they become very
numerous and they interfere so greatly with the school routine.
In fact, if I would allow the Band to go it would be going con-
stantly and get no benefit of school whatever. I should be very
glad to oblige the good people of your town, but under the circum-
stances send you an unfavorable answer.

I am pleased to know that your interest in us con-
tinues, and that you also keep up a personal interest in the boys
who live with you. That sort of interest is valuable.

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356

November 4th, 1890,

Miss E. D. Edge,

Downingtown, Pa.

My dear friend:-

I shall not reprove you for your course in helping the poor and needy, but I am sorry to feel more and more that I am right in reference to the unwisdom of doing that sort of thing. Both boys and girls who have returned to their homes from this school and who have made friends, have more or less played upon such friends within my knowledge and secured donations like this. It is destructive of manhood and womanhood and only ought to be done under the most careful inquiries and knowledge of need.

In regard to Jennie, I fear that we shall have to take some other course. She ought not to be here in school. I was particularly anxious she should remain with you, for the reason that school routine is not near so safe for her as your excellent home.

With kindest regards to your mother and brother,

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357

November 4th, 1890,

Charles E. Adams, Indian Agent,

Kiowa, Comanche & Wichita Agency,

Anadarko, Ind. Ter.

My dear Sirs—

Replying to yours of October 27th requesting that Gilmore, son of Long Look, Apache, be permitted to return home to see his mother and sister who are not expected to live, with the understanding that he will return to Carlisle, I have to respectfully advise you that while I sympathize in the fullest manner with what you say, and with your recommendations, I am unable to see that it would be advisable for me to use our appropriation to cover the expenses of this young man to and from, for the reason that it establishes a precedent which would be made a handle of and would bring no end of abuse in the future. To send him home and bring him back would cost well towards $70.00. I have grave doubts whether you would succeed in getting him started back when his time was up. He is here doing well, has been placed on a farm in a country school for the winter, and by my reports is in just the lines that he ought to be in at this time of his life, becoming practical and getting acquainted with civilization. He could not do anything for his mother and sister, and the sending

VOL. 17

2, C. E. A.

of him home would, in all probability, take away his present chances
and remand him to the conditions of the past very largely.

I have a special interest in the boy, because he is
from Indians that I have known for so many years. Please explain
to his father and I trust that it will be understood by him and
be all right.

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359

November 5th, 1890,

Mrs. E. Grinnell,

Pasedena, Cal.

My dear Mrs. Grinnell:-

I gather in all that you say about Esther. Her great weakness is disposition to change. Whether she will ever overcome it or not is a question. She is too good a girl otherwise to have such a disadvantageous trait as that and I sincerely hope that you and the Doctor with your push and energy may cure her. Of course, if bad comes to worse she is welcome to return to Carlisle, but one object in sending her so far away was to make it exceedingly difficult for her to come back, and perhaps by that means overcome it, and I hope you will not lose sight of this fact. Her disposition to want some occupation which would enable her to sit still is Indian, you know. It takes a great deal of patience to get on with these characters, and notwithstanding all my acquired ability in this direction I often ask myself, - "Is it worth the powder?"

We are getting on nicely so far this winter. 759 pupils to-day of whom 524 are present. Mr. Standing is in Michigan and will probably leave there to-day with a small party. We will crowd close up to 800 in the near future.

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360

Mrs. E. G., 2.

Dr. Dixon has not killed anybody for us yet, so I
begin to feel easy.

With cordial regards to the Doctor, Fordy, Bess,
Joe and Esther.

November 5th, 1890,

Black Woman,

Arapahoe,

Darlington, Oklahoma.

Dear Friend:-

Replying to yours of 31st asking that your son
Casper Edson be sent home, I have to advise you that it is my
intention to forward him home next week.

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361

November 5th, 1890,

Walter Kiteumi,

Indian Industrial School,

Albuquerque, N. M.

My dear Walter:-

I got your letter some time ago, but the writing
of many letters and much other work being on my hands I have had to
postpone answer. I am glad to know that you are in the Albuquerque
School and that you are doing well. Of course, if you feel drawn
towards Carlisle and want to return here again, I shall be glad to
see you. I hope you take the Helper which will tell you all the
Carlisle news better than I can. You ask how many pupils we have
in all. We have 759, 524 of whom are at the school, the others
out in country schools. We have good health and are now having
pleasant weather.

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362

November 5th, 1890,

Sowsea Kinery,

Laguma, N. M.

My dear Sowsea:-

I got your letter and am glad to know that you are
well and that you are working at something earning a living.
Being a cowboy ought to make you strong and healthy and I hope it
will.

I could not let you have a wagon for two horses,
but if you send me $58. which possibly you might get for one horse
I could send you a wagon, but you would have to pay the freight
from here to your place.

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363

November 4th, 1890,

H. Keiser,

Blakely, Bull Mountain, Mont.

My dear Sir-

Your daughter Maggie hands me your letter of 27th
to read. Please make me a list of the children who desire to
come with you, giving me not only their names and ages, but your
assurance that they are in good health. I am authorized to
take students for the upper departments of our school. Your list
must be complete and I must be assured that every one you name
will come if transportation is sent. None should be under 12
years of age, preferably none under 14 and not over 19. I
should know also whether they are full or mixed bloods. State
the railroad point from which you would start, and on receipt of
your letter I will arrange transportation for yourself and party,
provided there are twelve or more in the party. It is of the
greatest importance that we should not be cumbered with bad
pupils and I trust you to protect us in this. I can arrange
transportation so that within two days after I get your letter it
would be at the point you designate deliverable to you. In that
event it would be necessary for me to be able to communicate with
you by telegraph.

VOL. 17

364

November 5th, 1890,

Esther Miller,

572 Mirando Avenue,
Pasedena, Cal.

Dear Esther:-

I should have written you some time ago, but I have
been cumbered with many little cares and perplexities which led me
to delay. It was pleasant to get your letter and to know of your
appreciation of your opportunities. It was great education for
you to cross the continent almost from ocean to ocean. I have
been assured by letters since yours from Mrs. Grinnell of your
taking up duties and obligations of a responsible order and am glad,
I think, my dear Esther, there is one lesson that you need to
learn and ought to have learned long ago and that was the lesson
that Paul said he had learned. Do you remember it? He said
"I have learned in whatsoever situation I am therewith to be con-
tent." You need to learn that and also to make the most of your
present opportunities. "Know thy opportunity," you remember,
was our school motto one year. Instead of striving for change we
should strive to fill our places and let the change come of itself.
Change that comes to us that way is natural and healthy.

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

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365

E. M., 2.

We are very full just now and are still expecting
more students. The halls at the girls quarters have been called
into service as bedrooms just as they were last Spring. 213 are
now crowded into the building.

I need not attempt to give you any account of your
old friends as you must surely have letters from them direct, and
they can report for themselves much better than I can for them.

Corially your friend,

November 4th, 1890,

Messrs. Merchant & Co.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentlemen:-

Replying to yours of 1st in reference to Star
Ventilator, I have to respectfully advise you that on building a
fire in my fire place which smoked before, and which I hoped to
cure by the Ventilator, I find there is no change in conditions;
still, I do not feel that I have given it at all a fair trial.

Yours sincerely,

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368

November 8th, 1890,

Mrs. Susie Kelsey,

Mondamin, Iowa.

My dear Friend:-

I am very glad to hear from you again and to know
that you are well and happy. I congratulate you upon your mar-
iage and hope that you have an excellent husband. I have
arranged about the Helper, and it will come to your new address.
The children get on well. We have 759 students now. I send
your note to Mr. Morrow so that he may know of you. Sorry to
hear that Julia and Bell will not stick to what they learned at
Carlisle. It will only be harm to themselves. Your sister is
altogether too young for Carlisle. We do not want girls or boys
here under 18.

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369

November 8th, 1890,

Dr. Susan La Flesche,

Omaha Agency, Neb.

Dear Miss La Flesche:-

From what I know of the conditions there, the chances here and progress Lewis is making, I hesitate to comply with his father's request to send him home. We must consider the future of the individual pupils rather than the present condition of the parents and families at home. There are constant demands along the same line which I am compelled to refuse. It would be practically impossible to maintain our organization if I did not stand very firmly against such appeals. Lewis has money and could spare something for his father from his own earnings. If it were best, I would influence him to do that.

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370

November 8th, 1890,

Benjamin S. Coppock, Sup't.,

Indian Industrial School,

Arkansasaw City, Kas.

My dear Coppock:-

I don't see among those I know any such man as you want. The salary is altogether too small to be attractive. Any fellow with ability to instruct a band ought to bring $45. to $50. a month.

In regard to the assistant harness and shoe-maker, we do not train in both lines. If we undertake to make a shoe-maker we stick them to that until they are through. If a harness maker, then at that, so that the position you have is practically beyond our power to fill. I could suit you with a pretty fair assistant shoe-maker and pretty fair assistant harness maker, but, in all probability, not so much in advance of your boys as to be of very great additional service.

Band business gives me a great deal of bother and I am often disgusted with it. I have had the same old leader here for years, and he has got so deaf now as to make it necessary for us to yell at him. There really is not much uplift in it. It serves to break up Indian music.

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371

2, B. S. C.,

I am delighted to get such a good long letter from
you and to know that you are succeeding so well. With the open-
ing up of the country round about you, you are going to come into
the civilizing influences of a surrounding industrious population
and be ultimately all right.

I am rather anticipating a trip west, and, if
possible, want to run down and see you.

Things go well with us here. 750 pupils on our
rolls to-day with more coming. Health good; work going forward
in good substantial shape. I am bothered most with debris of
rotten timber, accumulated under the pressure of that or nothing
in the past. That Messiah craze does not touch us here, but I
hear a deal about it from a distance. I see by this morning's
paper that General Miles attributes its origin to the Normons
which I think not unlikely. I always believed it could be attri-
buted to white men.

Breaking up territory reservations will be a great
lift forward. It forces the necessity of education upon the
Indians.

We all join in cordial greetings to you and best
wishes,

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372

November 8th, 1890,

Rev. W. H. Pierson, Chaplain U. S. A.,

Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.

My dear Chaplain:

I shall send Talbot Goday, Burdette Trisbah and Lucy his wife and Agnew Chiskisay to Mt. Vernon early next week. Letters have come here for Lieut. W otherspoon and his wife but I have nothing from them and on account of Agnew's condition I must send forward the party without further delay. You will find Burdette and Lucy and Talbot good helps. I trust they may meet with a cordial reception from you and from the teachers there.

In all of my work for Indians I have made it a point not to learn the language. I consider it one of the greatest faults in connection with our management of the Indians that there has been so much of our going to them and so little of our bringing them to us. The idea that they must learn religious truths and other things only through their own language is a mistake. My experience is that we can teach a young Indian to read in the English language and understandingly, as quick as we can teach them to read in any of the manufactured vernacular systems, and once in possession of power to read English the way is open for them to the highest privileges and knowledge. I would say to

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

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373

W. H. P., 2.

you, better not learn the Apache language. Don't waste your time
and energies in that way. You can do so much more good with the
time that you would spend on it. I think I said to you in a
former letter, if you will force upon them the necessity of using
the English language you will find that they understand it much
better than you think. I think Mr. Wotherspoon is a most suit-
able **OFFICER** for the work there and trust that he may have
all the leeway he needs to make it a success. I am sure that he
will have, if he demands it and goes at it right.

I wish you had visited us at Carlisle and think
that, even now, it would be advisable for you to take a little run
up here. If you want, I can get you a special cheap round trip
ticket; I think I can get you a ticket both ways for the cost of a
ticket one way.

Cordially yours,

VOL. 17

November 5, 1890,

Percy Kable,

Cheyenne School,

Darlington, Oklahoma Ter.

Dear Percys-

Thanks for your letter and the pleasant information
about the returned students. I am greatly pleased to know that
your people have accepted of the excellent terms the Government
offers for your land, and that you will take hold of lands in
severalty and move off as independent men and individuals. It
is a great step in the right direction and I should be glad to
have you say to all the old men, my friends, that I am greatly
pleased with their action. Every student entitled to sign at
the school gave a Power of Attorney to Agent Ashley to sign for
them. So far as those who have not signed are concerned, they
are bound by the signatures of those who have signed under the
terms of your treaty with the Government. When a certain pro-
portion sign an agreement to sell their land it becomes binding
upon all, so that their refusal will do them no good. I am glad,
too, to hear that you get such a good salary and hope that you
save your money. Both you and Leonard have excellent chances to
lead your people in the way they should go, and I know that you

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376

November 10th, 1890,

Miss Ramona Chihua-Iua,

Downingtown, Pa.

My dear Ramona:-

I am under obligations to you for your nice little letter. I am always glad to hear from you, and especially when you write me so neatly and so pleasantly of yourself and your surroundings. Things are improving very much with your father and the people at Mt. Vernon Barracks. The Government has sent a very kind officer there to take charge, and at my suggestion one of the Chaplains of the Army has been transferred from San Francisco to Mt. Vernon. I send you his letter to me which I just received, from which you will see how interested he is in trying to help your people. I should be glad if you would write him a nice letter such as you wrote me, and that will make him interested especially in your father, and do good in that way. Some time this winter I think of going down to Mt. Vernon with Mrs. Pratt. It may not be until January or February. If Ramona had about $6.00 to spare and wanted to go along with me then I should feel quite favorable to her making a visit there, and it would be very pleasant for Mrs. Pratt and I to take her with us. Talbot today, Agnew Glickissy, Burdette Tsisnah and Lucy are all going

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377

R. C., 2.

back to Mt. Vernon next week. They are not in very good health
and the Doctor thinks it best for them to return. Agnew, I fear,
will not live very long.

All goes nicely with us at the school, but they you
know from the Indian Helper which you get every week. You may
write me what you think about going to Florida.

With kindest regards to you both and to your good
friends of the household,

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379

November 11th, 1890,

Chief American Horse,

Pine Ridge Agency, South Dakota.

My dear Friends:-

I am very sure that I am doing for your boy that
which is the very best thing to do for him just now, and if the
Indians were wise they would send their youth here and there
throughout the United States, everywhere, in order to meet with
the people and get acquainted with them, learn their language and
how the white people do. I understand very well that there are
some foolish people who are endeavoring to fill the Indians' mind
with nonsense in regard to children being absent from this school,
but we are governed by common sense and by the experience we have
had and know that we are doing that which we ought to do for the
students.

An Indian School here at Carlisle with the children
kept constantly in the School, and not allowed to pass out among
the whites and to learn from them, would be little better than an
Indian school on the reservation. You entrusted your boy to me
and I look after him as I would my own son. I did just this way
with my own son and it made a man of him, and hundreds of our
Indian boys have been greatly improved over what they would have
been by treating them in just this way; so I hope you will trust

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380

C. A. H., 2.

me in this matter and not listen to those who would make you dis-
contented, nor even to the complaints of your boy. He needs to
be made a strong English speaking manly man, not afraid to go
among the whites and to meet them in any way, and he cannot learn
these things in any School, not even in Carlisle. I am glad to
know that you are interested, and I am glad to receive your
criticism. I like to know how the parents feel and think about
their children. In this case, you must trust to my judgment.

Faithfully your friend,

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381

November 11th, 1890,

Mr. Lagere Ereaux,

Harlem, Montana.

My dear Sir:-

As Rosalee is now back at the school, I think it
decidedly best that there should be no further disturbance of her
School work. Her going out was entirely of her own motion, and,
as I thought then and still think, for her good. Her letter to
you plainly shows that she needs to learn womanliness and independ-
ence of character. She will have difficulties and trials to meet
in life, and unless she meets them now she will be poorly prepared
for them in the hereafter, and she will require to know a great
deal more than she does now. Later on I feel assured that both
you and Rosalee will commend our methods.

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382

November 11th, 1890,

Howard Frost,

Deoatur, Neb.

Dear Howard:-

I am glad to know that you remember Carlisle and feel grateful for what you learned here. Am glad too that you have not lost it and that you are making use of it. I hope now that you are a married man and have a family that you will prove to be industrious and sober and stand for something. Too many of your people waste their time in idleness and their money in drink.

Tell Mr. Fremont that I am very sorry to hear of
Alice's death.

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384

November 11th, 1890,

Raymond B. Stewart,

Rosebud Agency, South Dakota.

My dear Raymond:-

I had about made up my mind that you had forgotten
Carlisle when your letter comes to tell me that you still remember
us. It is a great pleasure to me to know that you have been at
work regularly since you went home and that you are now employed
in helping the agent. I hope that you not only work and earn
money but that you save money. I am sorry to hear that some of
the students wear Indian clothes and are idle and live in camp.
That is bad for them. It need not hurt you nor me nor others.

We get on nicely at Carlisle. School is very full
now. 545 students present and 225 out. We have general good
health and get on nicely in every way. The Debating Societies are
very lively. To-night the Invincible Society gives us a very funny
play which they have arranged showing up country life of our boys
when they go out from the school. They had it while I was away in
Japan and everybody liked it so they want to have me see it.

I am glad to hear from you always and hope some time
you may come and see us. Give my kindest regards to all the
students whom you meet and believe me to be,

Sincerely your friend,

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385

November 12th, 1890,

Mrs. A. St. Quinton,

1825 Arch Street,

by dear Bay
Philadelphia, Pa.
and so you had forgotten
a letter I sent.
I am sure that you still remember

Our system of outing is entirely a part of our
school and could not be successfully committed to the hands of an
work
outside society or person, for there is discipline, and occasion-
in helping
really the care of the sick connected with it. I do not see how
you could undertake that sort of work without you built up a depot.

We have many more places than we can fill, and have found from ex-
perience that country places are far the best, because of the fact
that country house wives usually do their own work, and then too
in the country have less chance of associating with servants than in cities.

We have to ask a rule against sending our students into cities, fully
under this we salutation very. If the Agency schools and schools
under the preservation went into this outing business as they away in
such a way as to be of no use to you, send to your
students your societies throughout the country might be of very
help.

It is value to them. Not that Railroad travel always points every one
to well there is not much objection to distance to algothe
you will have to go to get there. But I think it would be
enough to assure you to think that it would be possible to help us,
and to assure us I have shown you, need to help and have our lines
of communication with some than we are already enabled to do

VOL. 17

November 15th, 1890,

Hon. John R. Read,

U. S. Att'y., Eastern Penna.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sirs,

Referring to your request to keep the copy of Regulations governing service in the Indian Department, I have to advise you that you can retain it, and I will get another from the Department.

VOL. 17

391

November 17th, 1890,

Rev. Wm. H. Patterson,

Lewiston, N. Y.

My dear Sir:-

I am a strong advocate for Indian youth going into
the Public Schools and joining their interests with the white
youth of the land. It has always seemed to me that you Indians
in New York State had very exalted privileges in this direction,
and that it only rested upon you to avail yourselves of them.
I have frequently been written to by different parents on the
reservations of New York requesting me to take their children here.
I have taken some but have persuaded others to follow my judgment
about it. I should be glad indeed if you would place your two
boys in the Public Schools with white youth and push them forward
in line with the white youth. I believe that therein is the only
sure and safe road to success, for your children will have more
than you to meet and contend and struggle for amongst the whites.

I have a letter from Sup't. Merserve in regard to
you and your two boys, and am willing to say this that if you
cannot bring yourself to place your sons in the white schools and
you think better to send them to Carlisle, they may come here and
I will undertake them, but with the distinct understanding that I
am to have the power over them as I have over all students in this

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393

November 17th, 1890,

Isaac Williams,

310 Market Street,

Camden, N. J.

Dear Isaac:-

writes
Your mother XXXXX begging that I will prevent
your enlisting in the Army. I understood that you intended to go
to sea, which I think far better. However, you can be a man
if a soldier in the Army, if you will, just as well as you can be
a man anywhere else. It all depends upon yourself. I should
advise against you going in the Army. You will without doubt
regret it if you do.

Your friend.

VOL. 17

November 17th, 1890,

Mrs. Sarah L. Williams,

Baxter Springs, Kas.

Dear Madam:-

Your son Isaac needs very severe discipline. He wrote me some time ago he intended to go to sea. The discipline of a sailor's life would do him good. I am well satisfied that you cannot handle him at home. I could not handle him here without exercising more severity than I am willing to in the management of students. If I were in your place and he went to sea or enlisted in the Army I should not feel very bad about it, for in either case he will be compelled to obey.

Yours sincerely,

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November 17th, 1890,

Dr. Carlos Montezuma,

Western Shoshone Agency,

White Rock, Nevada.

My dear Doctor. -

It does me great good to receive word from you again
I do not want you to get lost and I want you to keep me in mind.
I understand very well what you stand face to face with now. It
is not, as you know, my way. I would have had you continue among
the whites and become part and parcel of the civilized portion
of the country, and leave to others of our own race the duties
that you now perform. However, you are there, and I trust that in
all respects you will be what the Indians call you, a white man,
not only white in conduct outside but white in the inside. You
will understand me. My sympathies and my affections are with
you in your work and I am more interested in your work than I can
tell.

I trust you get our papers and that you know how we
are getting along here. I hope sometime to see you.

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VOL. 17

November 17th, 1890,

Mr. H. Keiser,

Blakely, Mon.

My dear Sirs—

While I realize that what you say in reference to the quality of older students is in a great measure true, I also realize other difficulties in connection with the work that have forced us into the position we have to take in this matter. The schools on the reservations are to do the preliminary work on the small children. While we in our work here realize the great advantage of beginning on the small children we know that we can produce far better results in every way by doing so, still, we are to be a higher school and we must yield to the apparent necessities of the situation and allow the administration its own way. I shall hope that your schools in Montana will greatly improve and that the children of Indian blood may find their homes in the Public school systems. I do not believe there is any safety or real success for the Indians except they join in their lot with us in every way. There is no better beginning for a life of association and competition with the whites than association and competition in the public schools.

I shall be glad to have you visit us and it would xk

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November 22nd, 1890

Miss Frances G. Sparhawk,

Newtowrk Centre, Mass.

Dear Miss Sparhawk,

If you please, you may go to Mr. Lothrop, get the manuscript and photographs and take them to Mr. Houghton and arrange for its coming out as quickly as possible. I shall want 1500 here. Make the very best terms you can, and I will trust to your judgment quite entirely. Thank you for the little scrap about Gilbert which comes in very well with my annual report, and is in our present Red Man. This is to your credit. How much shall I send you for it?

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VOL. 17

Rev. W. H. Pierson, Chaplain U. S. A.,
and be dispersed so that they could not lean upon each
Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.,
to the actions and losses it would do
My dear Chaplain:-

Lieut. Wotherspoon is with you before this,
and I trust things are assuming better shape. I am glad that you
have concluded not to study the Indian language. I consider it
one of the greatest weaknesses of our Missionary work among the
Indians. Their salvation depends on their coming to us and not
on our going to them in any sense. The deplorable failures of the
Catholic Church in its efforts to raise the Indians, where it has
had unrestricted sway for centuries, fully demonstrates the weak-
ness of pandering to the Indian in any way. In Arizona and New
Mexico, I have been among Indians quite a good deal who have had
Catholic missionaries and churches in their villages for two, and
even three hundred years, and although they are not warlike in their
habits they are as low and degraded in every other respect as they
ever were.
At Carlisle I have always noted upon the principle
of bringing the Indians into civilization instead of carrying
civilization to them. Language, as I said before, is a great
barrier.

I am sure Lieut. Wotherspoon has some very strong

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W. H. P., 2.

ideas in relation to farming out, separating, dividing and breaking up the Apache prisoner Company. I trust that you will cooperate with him in those notions. If the whole mass could slowly melt away and be dispersed so that they could not lean upon each other and hang on to the old motions and longings it would be far better.

In regard to the letters our children write, it seems to me that Lieut. Wotherspoon should manage just how that shall be done. There is more or less of discipline connected with it, and he being responsible should control. I would, if I were you, suggest to him that you will act as Postmaster, and will see that letters are distributed. Then, if he empowers you, I shall be glad to send the letters in your care.

I have been prevented making a visit to New York as I had anticipated and of seeing General Howard, but it may be that before a great while I shall see him and when I do I will speak to him on the subject of your case.

Yours sincerely,

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VOL. 17

Ben Thomas,

Care of Presbyterian Indian School,
Albuquerque, N. M.

Dear Ben:

I am thankful to you for your short letter and
shall look for a good long one soon. I am very glad that you
have work in Albuquerque. You do not tell me what your work is.
I trust it is in the Printing business.

Tell James I am greatly pleased with his spunk.
That old spirit that causes the chiefs to whip the children must be
rooted out. It can only be rooted out by pluck on the part of
some of our boys and girls.

With kindest regards to you,

Faithfully, your friend,

404

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November 25th, 1890,

Hon. T. J. Morgan,

c/o Haskell Institute,

Lawrence, Kansas.

Dear General:-

I have Mrs. Morgan's letter of 10th, and from what I have heard from Meserve, I think you will be at Haskell towards the end of this week. I am more glad than I can tell you that you have been so thorough in going about among the agencies of course, notwithstanding your going to so many places and your keen insight into matters generally, you will necessarily have gained only a slight knowledge of the inside of things. I envy you the trip with Genl. Cooke through Arizona and New Mexico. That sort of thing I quite as much enjoy as a trip to Japan.

In regard to the statements I made in the Red Man about your teaching the girls arithmetic, I took what they said for it. Both of them spoke most kindly and affectionately of your and Mrs. Morgan's attention to them in the matter of their books, and I felt perfectly warranted from their statements in saying what I did. The criticism Mrs. Morgan apprehends I cannot believe will be made, and if it were made it is easily answered.

I send you a copy of the Red Man just coming out. Whether this

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T. J. M., 2.

all one the fight or not I don't know. It need not so far as I
be concerned, if they wish to keep it up.

I am just ready to send in my barn plans and shall go ahead with the proposed Girls' quarters and blacksmiths' shop, and the improvements which we can take up at once when spring opens.

Would it not be practicable for you and Mrs. Morgan to stop at Carlisle on your way to Washington? Mrs. Pratt is arriving now and we are in good shape to entertain you; and, besides, I have a great anxiety to know how you have gathered up the situation in the West. The military are making all the capital they can out of the Messiah craze. There is not an Indian agency in the West where I would not, with the utmost confidence, undertake to organize a Police force from among the Indians and put the Messiah elements thoroughly, break up their dancing, if need be, and push them back into their work, or arrest and confine them, if need be.

With kindest regards from Mrs. Pratt and myself to
Mrs. Morgan.

Yours cordially,

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November 25th, 1890,

November 25th, 1890,

Isaac Williams,

Company D., David's Island,

N. Y. Harbor.

Dear Isaac,

You are in for it now, and so there is no further
need of advice as to what you ought to do in choosing your
corporal and sergeant, and do your duty there is much you may gain
in your five years service. I would advise you to be exceedingly
careful in your conduct, be prompt and obedient to the very best
letter and to strive for the advancement which you may gain to
corporal and sergeant, and even higher. If you are the best men
in the Company for it, you will be found out and pushed forward
without fail.

You are quite mistaken about my getting mad at you
about Reuben Wolf.

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410

November 25th, 1890,

Rev. J. J. Ennogahbowh,

White Earth, Minn.

My dear Friend:-

When I read your letter I began to feel as though I were a second Timothy receiving his first epistle from his grand old spiritual father. I feel more than grateful to you for writing to me so kindly. If I only have the appreciation of those for whom I work I seem to be able to go ahead. I sometimes fail in that and there are times that it becomes very heavy. When such is the case, then the good Lord sends me a letter or some encouragement such as you have given and I instantly feel strong and can look up.

Your visit to us was like a benediction to both the pupils and the teachers. I can assure you that your words while here, your interest and sympathy now that you are absent, is one of the factors to strengthen and help us forward. I send you an advance copy of the Red Man containing my report and extracts from former reports. If you see anything in my notions that you would criticize or disapprove of, I beg you will frankly as a father write and tell me.

In regard to another party of children, I am very

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November 25th, 1890,

Rev. J. J. Ennogahbowh,

White Earth, Minn.

My dear Friend:-

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J. J. E., 2.

willing to make the necessary transportation arrangements for them.
I know that you and agent Schuler will protect us in the quality of
the students. My former instructions in regard to ages, health,
etc. will hold in any new party, and we must have as many as one
third girls. Drop off the boys where you cannot make that propor-
tion. If 15 come, make it not less than five girls, - better 7
or 8.

With my cordial regards and greetings to Mr. Wright,
my respectful remembrances to agent Schuler,

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VOL. 17

November 25th, 1890,

Below Cozed.

Anadarko, Ind. Ter.

My dear Below-

I want you to make me some of the very nicest pictures
letters you can and I will pay you for them. Make me a number.

Zotom can tell you something about them and you yourself made some
nice ones when you were here. I want to make a collection for
the Great Exposition in Chicago, so they must be extra nice.

I send you a roll containing some paper and pencils
to begin with.

How are you getting along? My love to all Carlisle
students.

Your friend,

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November 25th, 1890,

Richard Davis,

West Grove, Pa.

My dear Richard:-

Thank you for your appreciation of my answer to the
Catholic attack. If my thoughtful students think I am right I
am satisfied. I was in Philadelphia a few days ago and am sorry
that I could not find the time to run out and see you. If it is
all right and satisfactory for you to come and visit us we shall be
delighted to see you. If you want the special rate tickets, per-
haps I can arrange that for you.

Give my warm regards to Nannie, Mr. & Mrs. XXXXX

Harvey, and believe me,

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VOL. 17

November 25th, 1890,

Hon. John D. Miles, Commr.,

The World's Columbian Commission, work two, or a
Pullman Building, Chicago, Ill.

My dear Friend:-

Your copy of specification has failed to put in an
appearance, although I had your letter two days ago. Please mail
one another. I shall be glad to co-operate with you and with the
Commission in every way that I can to present the better side of
the Indian. I find by correspondence with Mr. Belt that the Office
is not in favor of much of a show along the old lines, in connection
with anything the Indian Office may do, preferring to leave
that to the ethnologists and other ologists. We may make a big
show and a good one on our civilized lines - one that will attract
the attention of the world. The band of 60 pieces is an assured
success, if we have the authority to go ahead.

I note your suggestion in reference to the competitive effort that you propose and will call that out, and we will get it into print and some shape. So far as vocal music is concerned, we can present a choir now of 30 members that will attract attention anywhere. Why can't you run down and talk it over with me? Is it not in the line of your work to be ordered

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J. D. M., 2.

here? If you cannot do it yourself, could I, through suggestion
November, 25, 1880.
Mrs. Alice, can you bring somebody else, accomplish it for you? I have
Gresham to write the card, picture letters written by the boys in
Florida. I would think I can lay my hands on others.

Our friend: If you come down here for a day or two, or a
week, we can talk any of the things better than we could if I even
ask him for the return of your
or what if he doesn't get me again from you about this.
It is general under your direction, remain their full
time and pass for absent necessity dem to their presence at
home. Our students are well tutored and well fed, and are
capt. & sup. into
the country and starting at least two years during the winter
of next school with white children. Benjamin was out during
the summer and returned to the school in September but at his
request was allowed to go into the country again. He
arrived in a good home, is treated as a member of the
family, and is well fed and clothed. From his summer's earnings
he has been exceptionally good
All the boys in the class have been very well behaved and
very truly yours.
Very truly yours.

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VOL. 17

November, 25, 1890.

Mrs Algerina Jourdan,
Gresham, Shawano Co.,
Wisconsin.

Dear friend:

I have your letter asking for the return of your
son Benjamin. Pupils enter Carlisle for the term of five years
and it is generally understood that they remain their full
time unless some urgent necessity demands their presence at
home. Our students are allowed the privilege of going into
the country and staying at least two years. During the winter
they attend school with white children. Benjamin was out during
the summer and returned to the school in September but at his
urgent request was allowed to go into the country again. He
is well placed in a good home, is treated as a member of the
family and is well taken care of. From his summer's earnings
he saved twenty-five dollars, fifteen of which was sent to

you. All of Benjamin's reports have been exceptionally good
and he seems well content to be where he is. He can return
to the school in the Fall and learn any trade he desires or
that you may wish him to learn.

Very truly yours,

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November 26th, 1890,

Dr. Edward C. Mann, F. S. S.

Pres't. N. Y. Academy of Anthropology,
123 Park Place,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dear Doctor:-

There is so much light thrown upon the Messian
craze through the public press that I feel unable to give you any-
thing either new or significant. There is undoubtedly a very
extraordinary amount of capital being made out of it. Our total
Indian population is less than 260,000. Much more than half,-
I should say three-fifths, - are either civilized or semi-civilized
to the extent of paying no attention whatever to the delusion.

It is perfectly safe to say that in the tribes most affected by
the craze much less than one half are materially influenced by it.

I very much doubt if there are, in all, 30.000 Indians that take
any serious notice of it. Of these, four-fifths are women and
children. These 30.000 are scattered through Dakota, Wyoming,
Indian Territory, Montana, Idaho, Colorado and Utah. I have not
heard that any serious impression has been made upon the Indians
in New Mexico or Arizona. The great mass of those affected by it
are not made at all belligerent by it. Reduced to these pro-