70

THE CHURCH-YARD

pectedly, I was charged with a mission to St.
Petersburg.

St. Petersburg and Switzerland! only a
couple of thousand miles distant from one ano-
ther! If I went to St. Petersburg, I should lose
Liesli; for the hermit, in case I staid away,
must consider my confession as the result of
youthful ebullition, and naturally conclude that
I had forgotten his ward. Meanwhile twenty
suitors, aye, and perhaps twenty to that, might
have preferred claims to Liesli's heart; and as
she knew nothing of my love, how could I be
angry with her, if she gave her hand to another?

If I went to Switzerland, I must previously
demand my dismission and relinquish all my
prospects; for, situated as I was in regard to
my office, I had no excuse whatever for declin-
ing the mission to Russia. It was besides so
honourable, and opened to me the expectation
of so desirable a post, that it would be deroga-
tory to my interest and reputation to refuse it.

That I might not, however, sacrifice the hap-
piness of my life, the hand of my Liesli, to my
official duties, I devised, in my anxiety, a des-
perate expedient. Laugh not, ye happy mortals,
who know that the girls of your hearts reside
round the next corner, at my simplicity. I
wrote, namely, to my landlady at Schwytz,
made her my confidante, and related to her my
whole adventure with Liesli and the hermit,

OF SCHWYTZ.

71

begging her to give the inclosure to the former,
if she should be in that town; on the other
hand, if she did not know Liesli's place of
abode, I desired her to deliver it to the hermit,
to be opened by him, and forwarded to Liesli.
In this inclosure I had, in a few affectionate
words, offered her my hand as a pledge of my
everlasting love.

I sealed the letter, put it into the post, ad-
mired the dexterity with which I had managed
the business, and set out, somewhat more com-
posed, for St. Petersburg.

On the day of the nuptials of the Grand-duke
Nicolai Pawlowitsch with the Grand-duchess
Alexandra Feodorowna, I had attended all the
solemnities and festivities from the marriage
ceremony to the ball in the hall of St. George.
Before the conclusion of the ball, the emperor
and empress proceeded to the palace of the
young and amiable pair, who soon followed, to-
gether with the empress-mother, and the nobility
and gentry of both sexes in their splendid ball-
dresses. It was one of the most magnificent
processions I ever witnessed. The brilliantly
illuminated streets were thronged with people;
the concourse of inquisitive spectators, many of
whom, out of pure loyalty, had drunk a cup too
much to the health of the new-married couple,
was beyond description. At the moment when
the court was passing, the huzzas, the plaudits,

72

THE CHURCH-YARD

and the pressure, rose to the highest pitch. The
police-officers, who were keeping order, com-
manded the people to make room, and this com-
pleted the confusion. There was nothing but
screaming and shoving one against another;
first of all a fat quass-woman was thrown into
my arms; then a Finlander trod on my toes;
a tall Polish nobleman lay on my shoulders;
while a droschka-driver on one side, and a little
Samoyede-looking chambermaid on the other,
thrust their elbows into my ribs and hips. In
this truly painful situation, a fresh wave of this
tempestuous human ocean threw a young lady
on my bosom. It was Liesli! another succeeded,
and away she was driven again. Like a mad-
man I thrust aside the quass-woman, the Fin-
lander, the Pole, the droschka-man, and the Sa-
moyede; but all five stuck to me like burs, and
instead of the wearer, I caught only her shawl.
I cried: "Liesli! Liesli!" but the angel was
gone; and a couple of sledge-drivers, a female
Grusian peasant, a Tschuwash, three Wogules,
besides I know not how many Karakalpacs,
Buraits, Mordwines, Barabinzes, Tunguses,
and Tschetschenzes, were wedged into so com-
pact a mass, both before and behind me, that I
could neither see nor hear any thing more of
Liesli. I thanked God that I had at least been
able to secure her shawl. A Calmuck near me,
who had seen how I obtained possession of the

OF SCHWYTZ

73

prize, archly cocked his eye and grinned, in
token of his high commendation of what he con-
ceived to be a successful piece of knavery. A
Frenchman, slippery as an eel, wound through
all the Yakutes, Wotyaiks, Teleutes, Yuka-
gires, and people belonging to I know not
how many more Russian tribes, and broadly
hinted, that if I would take a reasonable price,
he would buy the old thing unseen. When I
affected not to hear what he said, the scoundrel
muttered, that the police officers were close at
hand, and would know how to proceed with
fellows who were so ready to save ladies the
trouble of carrying home their shawls.

I profited by the hint. What indeed had I to
do here? Liesli would not come back again I
was sure—and where was I to look for her
among a crowd of a quarter of a million of
people, and in the middle of the night too! I
had the luck to escape the Frenchman and the
police, but not to meet again with Liesli.

Tired to death, I reached my lodgings. My
landlord's family, who had been that evening
among the spectators, had just arrived. I
showed them my shawl, pretending I had found
it. Mother and daughters turned up their eyes
in amaze: they unanimously estimated the
value of my prize at a thousand ducats. I was
staggered: and the more they admired the
genuine Turkish texture, and the fine quality,

74 THE CHURCH-YARD

and the taste, and the softness, and the colours,
the more dejected I grew, since in this case the
female, whom the tribes of Russia had thrown
upon my bosom, was not my Liesli; for how
could my poor dear girl, who a year ago was in
so forlorn a situation, become possessed of such
a superb piece of finery? or, rather, what should
bring Liesli to St. Petersburg?

I could scarcely close my eyes the whole
night. Sometimes I was quite confident that it
was Liesli herself whom I had seen—at others,
I hoped that I was mistaken; for if it were
Liesli, she was either the wife of some wealthy
man, or she had learned to degrade her heavenly
charms by the odious arts—But no, no,
perish the unfinished thought! it is not possible;
so low the girl cannot have sunk, who, a year
ago, prayed with such childlike piety at the
grave of her mother.

The first thing I did next morning was to repair to a newspaper-office, with the intention of advertising the shawl, and informing the owner how she might recover it, on producing satisfactory evidence of its being her property. In this manner the mystery could not fail to be elucidated, for I had made up my mind not to deliver the shawl to any human being but the lady from whose neck I had snatched it.

The mystery was, alas! but too speedily
solved. I had been egregiously mistaken. No

OF SCHWYTZ.

75

sooner had the clerk read my advertisement, than he told me, with great glee, that a servant of Count Barczikoff's had just left an advertisement, in which the shawl was accurately described, and offering a gratuity of two hundred rubles to the finder, on its being restored to the owner. It was the very same. Of course the article which I had so honestly stolen, belonged not to my Swiss girl, but to a Countess Barczikoff. The Count's address was explicitly given—in the Newski Perspective, near the Casan-church. Thither I drove, in not the best of humours.

From the magnificence of the mansion, and the costly and tasteful furniture in all the apartments, it was fair to infer, that the owner's wife or daughter could afford to wear a shawl worth a thousand ducats. I mentioned my errand to the servant who conducted me, and anticipated the mingled pain and pleasure of beholding the image of my Liesli. In anxious suspense I fixed my eyes on the door, at which the mistress of my prize was to make her appearance. At length the door opened—and Liesli herself stood before me.

She knew me at the first glance: surprise crimsoned her whole face, and a cry of joy expressed the welcome of her heart. I forgot Petersburg and Russia; I was again in Schwytz. I thought not of the Countess Barczikoff; I

G

76

THE CHURCH-YARD

saw only my Liesli, my sweet, my lovely Liesli,
before me. Each asked the other a thousand
questions in a breath, and it was more than
half an hour, before we could sufficiently com-
pose ourselves to relate to one another the
events of the past year.

Liesli's father, the only son of Count Barczi-
koff, had fallen in the action at the bridge of
Ibach. The Count had highly disapproved his
son's marriage with a young lady of respectable
family, but no fortune, in the environs of Solo-
thurn; and had therefore never acknowledged
Liesli's mother as his daughter-in-law. After
her decease, the hermit, who had been made
accurately acquainted with Liesli's family-con-
nections by her mother, wrote to the old Count,
who, being so much farther advanced in years,
of course so much nearer the grave, and there-
fore appreciating more justly the paltry preju-
dices of rank, resolved to send for Liesli, and to
acknowledge her as his grand-daughter, and
sole heir to his very considerable property.
The hermit had not—for that was his way—
said a word to Liesli on the matter. At two
o'clock the same morning when she was to have
gone with me to the Rigi, he had called her up
and told her, that she must go along with him.
Liesli frankly confessed, that she had agreed to
spend the day with me; on which he grew ex-
tremely angry. Here my pretty Countess

OF SCHWYTZ.

77

skipped the story of the three louis d'ors, which, together with the falsehoods I had told the hermit the preceding night, had probably incensed the latter against me, and I felt no call to recur to the subject—in short, he was angry, and bade her relinquish all thoughts of the excursion to the Rigi, intimating that, as the guardian appointed by her mother, he had a right, and it was his duty, to insist on implicit obedience. From the next station he accompanied her to Zurich, and at the inn there he consigned her to the care of a young lady who was going as governess to Russia. It was not till then that he had communicated to Liesli the change in her condition, saluted her as Countess Barczikoff, and informed her, that her grandfather was anxiously expecting her. A carriage, travelling apparel, and attendants, had been all provided by the hermit, by means of an order from the old Count on a banker of Zurich; and in an hour he handed the girl, who was scarcely recovered from her surprise at her altered fortunes, into the carriage. " And from that moment," said I, interrupting her narrative, " the Rigi, and its prospects, and your unfortunate friend, were forgotten."

"Ah no, no!" rejoined the lovely maiden, with the same Swiss bluntness and natural frankness as ever; "after I was in the carriage, I begged the hermit—did he not execute my

78

THE CHURCH-YARD

commission?” “The rose!” cried I, guessing
what she meant. “O yes, I have it, and pre-
serve it as a most sacred relic. But was he to
have done any thing else?” asked I with vehe-
mence.

She was confused and hesitated, while I be-
came the more urgent. At length, with down-
cast eyes, and faltering voice, she said: “I per-
ceived that the old man was rather prepossessed
against you, and therefore begged him not to
scold you; and I made him promise, when he
saw you, to inform you where I was—and to
write me word—whether he had spoken to
you.”

These last words she could scarcely bring
across her lips; a deep crimson glowed on her
cheeks. I felt that I had attained the summit
of my boldest hopes. “Has the hermit
written?” asked I. She nodded an affirma-
tive. “Has he written every thing?”—The
Countess looked up at me with a smile of inex-
pressible kindness and the sweetest confusion
in her languishing eye. I sunk at the feet of
the angel. “A year,” said I, “the term fixed
by the hermit, is expired. You alone, my
adored girl, have swayed this heart. Let me
now know my fate!”

Lisinka wept; she begged me to rise, and in
a grave and solemn tone thus addressed me:—
“My beloved friend, you are the first and the

OF SCHWYTZ.

70

only one for whom my heart has throbbed. You
promised me love and truth, when I was poor;
in you I will put my trust. In the chapel, while
at prayer, I beheld you for the first time. At the
grave of my dear unfortunate mother I ex-
changed the first word with you. Thencefor-
ward my rugged mountains became dearer to
me: and not till then did I know the father of
the universe, the charms of nature, and my own
heart. At this moment, too, I acknowledge the
goodness of Divine Providence, which has
brought us together here at the extremity of our
quarter of the globe, as if to indicate, that pure
and pious love finds everywhere its home. O
my beloved mother, if thy sainted spirit hover
near me, bless our covenant." With these
words she sunk, weeping aloud, on my bosom,
which overflowed with rapture; I clasped my
bride in my arms, when out popped, at a side-
door, Lisinka's grandfather !

The old gentleman must have been not a little
surprised to find his grand-daughter in the em-
brace of an utter stranger. I was as much
alarmed, as if the angel with the flaming sword
was come to drive me from my paradise. Li-
sinka, however, introduced me to him as the
friend of whom she had often spoken, con-
cerning whom the hermit had several times
written, and with whom she had just renewed
the former covenant of love, for which she duti-
fully begged her grandfather's blessing.

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80 THE CHURCH-YARD

The Count, whose septuagenarian blood flowed
rather more soberly in his veins than ours did,
observed with a smile, that there was no need
for such precipitation; he bade me a hearty
welcome; and gently patting the cheek of the
loveliest of all grandchildren in all the Russias,
assured her that we should have no reason to
complain of him, if on farther acquaintance he
found me to be what he hoped and wished.

I had then to relate the adventure with the
shawl; of the recovery of which he had been ap-
prized by the servant, but which we had both
been too agreeably engaged to think of. My
Lisinka had not observed me, nor heard me call.
Had I not luckily snatched at the shawl, I
should probably have left Petersburg without
seeing my angel again. On such delicate
threads does the destiny of man often depend!

From this time I was a daily visitor at the
Count's. It is well known that grand-parents
cannot deny their grandchildren any indul-
gence. From the Icy Ocean to the Black Sea,
and from the Pacific, to the turnpike of Po-
langen, that is to say, in all the fifty-one go-
vernments of the Russian empire, there could
not be a kinder grandfather than old Count
Barezikoff.

Lisinka was his life and his idol. Did Li-
sinka but express a wish, it was sure to be gra-
tified, even though it had cost the whole of the

OF SCHWYTZ

81

many thousand peasants in the governments of Pleskow, Tschernigow, Yekatarinoslaw, Grusia, Tomsk, and heaven knows in how many more corners of the gigantic empire, who called the old Count their master.

Imagination cannot conceive the bliss of the days that now awaited me on the shores of the Neva. I could fill a volume were I to describe all the parties of pleasure and excursions to Peterhof and Cronstadt, and Oranienbaum, and Czarskoi-Selo, &c. and all the entertainments and other festivities of which I partook. But to me the most delicious hours were those, which the god of love bestowed on me in the company of Lisinka alone.

Eight weeks had thus glided away, when one morning the old Count entered the room with more than usual cheerfulness in his looks. He had received letters, by express, from the hermit, who had been commissioned to procure the most circumstantial intelligence respecting me, my connections, situation, and character. Liesli's welfare was at stake; the hermit had therefore spared no pains, and, throwing off his cowl, had personally visited my native country in the disguise of a travelling merchant, and collected the most minute particulars concerning me. That his report was favourable might be seen in the face of the old Count. He at first began to joke, saying, he had received letters which

32

THE CHURCH-YARD

required my immediate return to my own country; but, as the sudden news had such an effect on my susceptible Lisinka, that her eyes filled with tears, he tenderly clasped the beauteous girl in his arms, and with that good-nature, which is a feature in the character of his nation: "No," said he, "my dove; thou shall not weep, thou shall rejoice and laugh. Look here," continued he exultingly, producing the papers; "now I no longer believe, but I know, that this young man is worthy of thee. There," he added, turning to me, in a tremulous but solemn tone, placing the hand of the heavenly Lisinka in mine—"There, take the child of my dear, my only son, who fell for his country, and who sleeps far away from me in Lisinka's native land. May ye live together as happily as I have done with my Anna Iwanowna. God Almighty bless you, and may his angels ever be your safeguard."

Tears spoke our thanks to the good Count for this joyful surprise; and a week ago the loveliest of all Liesli's on the face of the whole earth became my wife. Next spring we shall pay a visit to the old hermit, and to the flowery grave of her mother, in the church-yard of Schwytz. We shall then proceed to my native country, and after that make farther arrangements.

OF SCHWYTZ.

83

The preceding narrative is extracted from the
letters of my lucky friend. Lucky, indeed, is
he who offers his hand to a poor girl, and finds
himself so profusely rewarded by Fortune.
Where the bride brings innocence and virtue
for a dowry to the man of her heart, there the
blessing of the Almighty is never withheld.

The benevolent hermit has since entered into
the joy of his Lord.

EDITOR.

THE
BRIDAL
OF
ST. DOMINGO.

At Port au Prince, in the French part of the island of St. Domingo, on the plantation of M. Guillaume de Villeneuve, there lived, at the beginning of this century, when the blacks were slaughtering the whites, a ferocious old negro named Congo Hoango. This man, a native of the Gold Coast of Africa, who seemed in his youth to be of a faithful and honest disposition, had been loaded with favours by his master, because he had once saved his life in a voyage to Cuba. Not only did M. de Villeneuve, on his return to St. Domingo, present him with a house and land, but a few years afterwards he even appointed him, contrary to the custom of the country, overseer of his extensive estate; and as he would not marry again, he gave him a mulatto woman, named Babekan, belonging

OF ST. DOMINGO.

85

to his plantation, to live with him in the place
of a wife. Nay, more—as soon as this negro
had attained the age of sixty years, he allowed
him to retire from his service, settled on him a
considerable annuity, and crowned his bounty
by setting him down in his will for a handsome
legacy. All these proofs of gratitude, however,
could not protect M. de Villeneuve from the
cruelty of this wretch. When the impolitic
measures of the National Convention had kind-
dled the flames of revenge in the flourishing plan-
tations of St. Domingo, Congo Hoango was one
of the first to seize the musket, and mindful
of the tyranny which had dragged him from his
native land, he dispatched the master to whose
kindness he was so deeply indebted. His next
step was to set fire to the house in which the
wife of his victim, with her three children, and
all the whites belonging to the plantation, had
taken refuge, and to lay waste the whole
estate, to which the heirs, who resided at Port
au Prince, might have laid claim. Having
razed to the ground all the other buildings on
the plantation, he proceeded, with the negroes
of the vicinity whom he had collected and armed,
to assist his fellow blacks in their struggle with
the whites. Sometimes he lay in wait for tra-
vellers who were crossing the country in armed
companies; at others, he fell in broad day upon
the planters who had fortified themselves to the

86

THE BRIDAL

best of their power in their establishments, and
caused all who were taken alive to be put to
the sword. Nay, he even required Babekan
and her daughter Toni, a mestize of fifteen, to
take part in this cruel warfare, which seemed
to renew his youthful spirit and vigour; and as
the principal mansion on the plantation, which
he now inhabited, was in a lonely situation near
the high road, and in his absence, white or
creole fugitives frequently called there to apply
for food or lodging, he ordered the two females
to detain these white dogs, as he called them,
by a shew of kindness, till his return. Babekan,
who was very infirm in consequence of a cruel
punishment inflicted in her youth, was accustomed
in such cases, to dress up young Toni, whose
colour rendered her particularly serviceable for
this horrid stratagem, in her best clothes; she
encouraged her to deny nothing to strangers,
but the last favour, which she was forbidden to
grant upon pain of death; and when Congo
Hoango returned with his black corps from excur-
sions into the country, immediate destruction was
the lot of the unfortunate creatures who had
suffered themselves to be duped by these artifices.

It is well known, that in 1803, when general
Dessalines was marching with thirty thousand
negroes against Port au Prince, all the whites
threw themselves into that place for the purpose
of defending it; for this town was the last sup-

OF ST. DOMINGO.

87

port of the French power in the island, and if
that fell, all the whites in the colony would be
lost beyond redemption. It so happened, that
in the absence of old Hoango, who had gone
with his blacks to escort a convoy of ammuni-
tion through the midst of the French posts to
Dessalines, one very dark, rainy, and tempestu-
ous night, a knocking was heard at the back-
door of the house. Babekan, who was already
in bed, rose, slipped on her gown, opened the
window and asked: "Who is there?"—"By
the blessed Virgin, and all the saints," said a
stranger in a low tone, stepping under the
window, "before I tell you, answer me one
question:—are you a black?"—"You must
certainly be a white," replied Babekan, "as
you would rather face this pitch-dark night
than a negro-woman. But come in," continued
she, "be not afraid: it is a mulatto that lives
here, and the only person in the house besides
me is my daughter, a mestize." With these
words she shut the window, as if with the in-
tention of going down stairs and letting him in:
but, on pretext that she could not immediately
find the key, she quickly took some clothes out
of a chest, and went and waked her daughter.
"Toni!" said she—"Toni!"—"What is the
matter, mother?" "Make haste!" she answered,
"get up and dress yourself. Here are some
clean things for you. A white man, who is

II

88

THE BRIDAL

pursued, is at the door, and desires admittance.”
“A white man!” said Toni, as she raised herself in bed. “But is he alone, mother? and have we nothing to fear if we let him in?”—
“Nothing, nothing, child!” replied her mother, striking a light; “he is unarmed, and alone, and much more afraid of us than we can be of him.” While Toni was dressing herself, she lighted the great lantern, which stood in a corner of the room, quickly tied up the girl’s hair, according to the fashion of the country, at the top of her head, put on her hat, gave her the lantern, and desired her to go down to the court-yard and fetch in the stranger.

Meanwhile the barking of the yard-dogs had wakened a boy, named Nanky, the offspring of an illicit connexion between Hoango and a negress, who, with his brother Seppy, slept in an adjoining building. Perceiving, by a faint gleam of moon-light issuing from amidst the dark clouds, a single man on the steps in the rear of the house, he instantly hastened, as directed in such cases, to lock the gate by which he had entered. The stranger, not knowing what to make of these movements, asked the boy, whom he had discovered with horror, when he approached near enough, to be a black, to whom the place belonged; and having received for answer, that, since the death of M. Villeneuve, it was the property of the negro Hoango,

OF ST. DOMINGO.

89

he was just going to knock down the boy, with
the intention of taking from him the key of the
yard-gate which he held in his hand, and mak-
ing his escape, when Toni, with the lantern,
opened the door. “Make haste!” said she,
seizing his hand, and drawing him towards the
door—“this is the way!” She took care at the
same time to hold the lantern so, that the light
should fall full on her face.—“Who are you?”
cried the stranger, holding back, confused on
more than one account, and fixing his eyes on
her lovely face. “Who lives in this house,
where, as you tell me, I shall be perfectly safe?”
“Nobody,” replied the girl, striving to draw
him in, “besides my mother and myself.”—
“What! nobody!”. cried the stranger, reced-
ing a step, and disengaging his hand: did not
this boy just tell me that a negro, named
Hoango, lives here ?”—“He is not here, I tell
you,” said the girl, stamping with an expression
of anger; “and though the house belongs to a
ruffian of that name, he is at this moment fifty
miles off.” With these words she pulled the
stranger into the house, and having enjoined
the boy not to mention his arrival to any one,
she led him up stairs to her mother’s room.

“Aha!” said the old woman, who had over-
heard the whole conversation from the window
above, and observed by the light that he was an
officer, “what is the meaning of that sword

90

THE BRIDAL

which you carry ready for use under your arm ?
We have granted you an asylum in our house,
at the risk of our lives," continued she; "are
you come to repay this kindness, after the man-
ner of your countrymen, with treachery?" "God
forbid!" answered the stranger, who had mean-
while stepped up close to her chair. After
casting a few suspicious glances about the
apartment, he unbuckled his sword, seized the
hand of the old woman, pressed it to his heart,
and said: "you see before you the most
wretched of men, but not a wicked or an un-
grateful one." "Who are you?" enquired
Babekan, pushing a chair towards him with her
foot, and desiring the girl to go to the kitchen
and get him something for supper as speedily
as possible. "I am an officer in the French
service," replied the stranger; "though, as you
may possibly perceive, not a Frenchman:
Switzerland is my native country, and my name
Gustavus von der Ried. Would to heaven that
I had never quitted it for this miserable island!
I have come from Fort Dauphin, where, as you
know, all the whites have been murdered, and
wish to reach Port au Prince before General
Dessalines can surround and lay siege to it
with the troops under his command." "From
Fort Dauphin!" exclaimed the old woman.
"And have you, with your colour, travelled all
that distance through an exasperated black po-

OF ST. DOMINGO.

91

pulation?” “The Almighty and the saints have protected me,” replied the stranger: “and I am not by myself: my company, which I have left behind, consists of my uncle, a worthy old man, with his wife and five children, and including the servants of both sexes, amounts in all to twelve persons, whom I have had the greatest difficulty to bring thus far with the assistance of a couple of mules, by fatiguing nightmarches, since we durst not shew ourselves on the high-road by day.” “Good heavens!” exclaimed the old woman, with a compassionate shake of the head, and taking a pinch of snuff; “but where have you left your company?”—“I may trust you,” answered the stranger, after recollecting himself a moment, “the colour of your face reflects a degree of kindred with my own. The family is two or three miles off by the great pond on the skirts of the forest, whither hunger and thirst compelled us yesterday to repair. To no purpose did we send out our servants last night to procure some bread and wine: the fear of being seized and put to death prevented them from taking decisive steps to fulfil their errand, so that I am now obliged, at the risk of my life, to try my luck. Heaven,” continued he, “has brought me, unless I am exceedingly deceived, to compassionate people, who are not actuated by that cruel antipathy which influences the other inhabitants of this island. Have the

H 3

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goodness to pack me up a few baskets of provisions, for which you shall be liberally paid: we have but five days journey to Port au Prince, and if you will furnish us with the means of reaching that city, we will for ever regard you as the saviour of our lives.” “Yes, that insensitive antipathy!” cried the old hypocrite. “Is it not as if the members of the same body were to go to loggerheads because they are not all shaped alike? How can I, whose father was from St. Jago, in the island of Cuba, help the lighter shade that appears in my face? And how can my daughter, whose father was an European, and who was born in Europe, help it if she is nearly as fair as the natives of your quarter of the world?” “What!” cried the stranger, “are you, whose face plainly bespeaks your African origin, and the lovely young mestize who opened the door for me, included in the same condemnation with us Europeans?” “Yes, by heaven, are we!” replied the old woman. “Do you suppose that the little property which we acquired by many years hard labour does not excite the rapacity of these banditti, the spawn of hell? If we did not continue to secure ourselves from their persecution by stratagem, and by all those arts which necessity suggests to the weak, the shade of kindred which is diffused over our faces, you may be assured, would not do it.” “Impossible!” exclaimed the

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stranger: “and who in this island persecutes you?” “The owner of this house,” replied Babekan; “the negro Congo Hoango. Since the death of M. de Villeneuve, the former proprietor of this plantation, who, at the commencement of the revolution, fell by his cruel hand, we, who as distant relatives of his first wife keep his house, are exposed to his arbitrary violence and fury. Every refreshment which, out of humanity, we give to any of the white fugitives whom chance brings to our door, draws down upon us abuse and ill-treatment from him: and he wishes for nothing more than to direct the rage of the blacks against us semidogs, as he styles us, partly that he may get rid of us altogether, because we upbraid him with his cruelty to the whites, and partly for the sake of the little property that we should leave behind.” “Unfortunate creatures!” ejaculated the stranger: “and where is the ruffian at this moment?” “With the army of General Dessalines,” answered the old woman, “to which he is gone with all the blacks belonging to this plantation, to escort a convoy of ammunition of which the general was in need. We expect him back, unless he undertakes some new enterprise, in ten or twelve days: and then, if he should learn, which God forbid, that we have afforded shelter to a white man travelling to Port au Prince, while he is making every pos-

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sible effort for the extermination of the whole
race in the island, we should not fail to pay for
it with our lives." " Heaven, which approves
benevolence and pity," answered the stranger,
"will protect you in your endeavours to serve the
unfortunate : and," continued he, drawing his
chair nearer to the old woman's, " as you would,
in this instance, have already incurred the dis-
pleasure of the negro, and obedience, if you
would return to it, would avail you nothing;
could you not permit my uncle and his family,
who are almost worn out with the fatigues of
the journey, to rest and refresh themselves for
a day or two in your house ? They will make you
any compensation you require." " Consider,
young gentleman," replied Babekan, " what it
is you ask. How is it possible to lodge so nu-
merous a company as yours in a house close to
the high-road, without being discovered by the
people of the environs ?" " Why not ?" replied
the stranger, urgently : " if I were to return
myself to the fish-pond, and to bring the com-
pany hither before day-break ; if all of us, mas-
ters and servants, were to be put into one room,
the doors and windows of which might, for far-
ther security, be kept carefully shut ?" The
old woman, after considering the proposal for
some time, replied, " that if he were that night
to attempt to bring his company to the house
from their retreat, he would infallibly fall in,

OF ST. DOMINGO.

on his way back, with a troop of armed negroes,
whose approach by this road had been an-
nounced by the firing of musket shots." " Well,
then," rejoined the stranger, " let us be content
for the present with sending the unfortunate
family a basket of provisions, and defer the
business of bringing them to the plantation till
to-morrow night. Will you do that, good
mother?" " For the sake of the European, my
daughter's father, I will try what I can do for
you, his distressed country-people. Write to
them, as soon as it is light to-morrow morning,
and invite your kinsfolk hither : the boy whom
you saw in the yard shall carry the letter, to-
gether with some provisions, to them ; he shall
stay with them, for their security, till night,
and at dark, should they accept the invitation,
he may serve them for a guide."

Toni, meanwhile, returned with the repast,
which she had been preparing in the kitchen,
and eyeing the stranger, jocosely asked the old
woman, as she was laying the cloth, whether
their guest had recovered from the fright with
which he was seized at the door; and whether
he was convinced that neither poison nor dagger
awaited him, and that Hoango, the black, was
not at home. " The proverb says, my dear,"
replied the mother with a sigh, " the burnt
child dreads the fire. The gentleman would
have been imprudent had he ventured into the

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house qefore he had ascertained to what race
its inhabitants belonged.” The girl then told
her mother that she had held the lantern in
such a manner as to throw the light full in her
face: “but,” said she, “his imagination was
so occupied by negroes, that if a lady from Lon-
don or Paris had opened the door to him, he
would have taken her for a black.” The
stranger, gently putting his arm round her
waist, declared, that the hat she had on pre-
vented him from seeing her face. “But,”
added he, pressing her close to his bosom,
“could my eyes have met yours, as they now
do, I should not have hesitated, even though all
the rest of you had been black, to drink poison
with you.” He blushed as he uttered these
words. The mother pressed him to sit down,
and Toni placed herself at the table by his side.
The stranger asked her how old she was, and
where she was born; on which the mother told
him, that Toni was born at Paris, whither she
had accompanied the wife of M. de Villeneuve,
her former master. She added, that Komar,
a negro, whom she afterwards married, had
adopted the child as his own, but that the real
father was a wealthy merchant of Marseilles,
named Bertrand, after whom she was called
Toni Bertrand. Toni enquired if he knew such
a person in France. The stranger replied that
he did not, that the country was large, and that

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97

during the short stay he had made in it, pre-
viously to his embarkation for the West Indies,
he had not met with any one of that name.
The old woman observed, that according to in-
formation on which she could rely, M. Bertrand
no longer resided in France. " His ambitious
and aspiring spirit," said she, " dissatisfied
with a private sphere of action, impelled him,
at the commencement of the revolution, to in-
terfere in public affairs, and in the year 1795,
he accompanied a French embassy to Constan-
tinople, whence, as far as I know, he is not yet
returned." The stranger, taking Toni by the
hand, told her, with a smile, that in this case
she was a person of consequence; observing, that
she might perhaps one day, under her father's
auspices, cut a more brilliant figure than she
had yet done. " Hardly," rejoined the old
woman, suppressing her emotion. " During
my pregnancy at Paris, M. Bertrand, who at
the time was paying his addresses to a young
lady of fortune, denied judicially that he was
the father of this child. Never shall I forget
the oath which he had the hardihood to swear
to my face : the consequences were a fever, and
soon afterwards sixty stripes inflicted by com-
mand of M. de Villeneuve, from the effects of
which I am suffering to this very day."

Toni, who had, during this conversation,
thoughtfully leaned her head upon her hand,

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asked the stranger who he was, whence he
came, and whither he was going. Recovering
himself from a temporary embarrassment into
which he was thrown from the invectives of the
old mulatto, he replied, that he was travelling
from Fort Dauphin with the family of his uncle,
Mr. Strömli, which he had left under the pro-
tection of two young cousins in the forest, near
the fish-pond. At the girl's request he related
various particulars of the insurrection which
had broken out in that place; that at midnight
the blacks, on a pre-concerted signal, began to
butcher all the whites; that one of the leaders
of the negroes, formerly a serjeant in the French
corps of pioneers, had been wicked enough to set
fire to all the ships in the harbour, to prevent the
escape of the whites to Europe; that the family
had scarcely had time to get out of the town
with some of their effects; and that, owing to
the breaking out of the insurrection at the same
moment in all the places along the coast, they
had no other resource than to traverse the whole
country, with the aid of two mules, to Port au
Prince, which, defended by a strong French
army, still withstood the increasing force of the
negroes. Toni asked how the whites there had
rendered themselves so obnoxious. The
stranger replied, with some confusion: "By
their general conduct, as masters of the island,
to the blacks; which, to confess the truth, I

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99

am not capable of defending. The mania of
liberty which has seized all these plantations,
urged the negroes and creoles to break the
chains which galled them, and to revenge them-
selves on the whites, on account of the oppres-
sion which they had suffered from some bad
men among the latter. I was particularly
struck," continued he, "with the horrid act of
a young female of the negro race. This girl, at
the time of the explosion, was ill of the yellow
fever, which, to aggravate the misery of the
wretched inhabitants, had broken out in the
town. She had three years before been a slave
to a white planter, who, because she would not
submit to his wishes, had treated her with
great rigour, and sold her to another planter, a
creole. Being informed, on the day of the
general insurrection, that her former master had
fled for refuge from the fury of the negroes, who
were in pursuit of him, to a neighbouring wood-
house; she, mindful of his ill usage, sent her
brother to him at dusk to invite him to pass the
night with her. The unfortunate man, not
knowing that the girl was ill, much less sus-
pecting the disease with which she was at-
tacked, came and clasped her in his arms with
feelings of gratitude for his supposed deliver-
ance. He had not been long in the house,
when she suddenly raised herself in bed, and,
with an air of cool deliberate malignity, ex-

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claimed: 'You have embraced one who carries death in her bosom! Go, and give the yellow fever to all who are like you!'

While the old woman loudly expressed her abhorrence of this deed, the officer asked Toni, whether she should be capable of such an act. "No," said Toni, confusedly casting her eyes on the ground. The stranger, turning up the cloth upon the table observed that, in his opinion, no tyranny ever exercised by the whites could justify such base and atrocious treachery. "The vengeance of heaven," said he, rising, with an emphatic tone, "must be disarmed by it: the angels themselves, revolted by it, must side with the oppressors and espouse their cause for the maintenance of order, human and divine!" With these words he stepped for a moment to the window; the moon and stars were again obscured by tempestuous clouds: he thought he observed the mother and daughter making signs to each other, but seemed not to notice them, and a most gloomy presentiment darted across his soul. He turned round, and requested to be shown the chamber where he was to sleep.

The mother, looking at the time-piece, remarked that it was, indeed, near twelve o'clock; and taking up a candle, she desired the stranger to follow her. She conducted him through a long passage to the room destined for him, while

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Toni carried his great coat and some other things which he had pulled off. The mother shewed him a comfortable bed, and after directing Toni to bring their guest water to wash his feet, she wished him a good night and retired. The stranger put his sword in a corner, and laid a pair of pistols, which he carried in his belt, on the table. While Toni was turning down the clothes and spreading a white counterpane over the bed, he looked round the room; and as he soon concluded, from the elegance and taste prevailing in it, that it must have belonged to the former proprietor of the plantation, an unaccountable anxiety gnawed like a vulture at his heart, and he wished himself back again in the forest with his friends, hungry and thirsty as he had quitted them.

The girl had, meanwhile, brought from the kitchen, which was near his chamber, a small tub of hot water scented with aromatic herbs, and intimated to the officer, who was leaning against the window, that every thing was ready. Throwing off his stock and waistcoat, he seated himself in silence in a chair, and while the girl, cowering on her knees before him, made the little preparations for assisting him to use the bath, he was contemplating her fascinating figure. Her hair fell as she knelt, in dark ringlets over her youthful bosom; an air of inexpressible grace played about her lips, and the

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long lashes projecting over her downcast eyes;
with the exception of the colour, which he dis-
liked, he could have sworn that he had never
beheld any thing more lovely. He was struck,
at the same time, with a distant resemblance,
he could not tell to whom, which he had ob-
served on first entering the house, and which
prepossessed his whole soul in her favour. On
her rising from the offices in which she had been
engaged, he caught her hand, and as he justly
concluded that there was but one way to ascer-
tain whether the girl had a heart or not, he
drew her upon his knee, and asked her whether
she was provided with a sweetheart. "No,"
replied the maiden, while her large black eyes
were cast in lovely confusion on the ground.
She added, that Conelly, a young negro of the
neighbourhood, had a few months before paid
his addresses to her, but she had rejected them
because she was yet too young. The stranger,
whose arm encircled her waist, observed, that
in his country it was a common saying that a
girl of fourteen years and seven weeks was old
enough to be married. While she was examin-
ing a small gold cross which he wore at his
breast, he asked how old she was. "Fifteen,"
replied Toni. "Well then," said the stranger;
"has he not property to settle you as comfort-
ably as you would wish?" "On the contrary,"
replied Toni, without raising her eyes, and

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103

loosing the cross which she had held in her hand, " since the last turn of affairs Conelly is become a rich man : his father is in possession of the whole plantation which formerly be-longed to his master."—" Then, why did you reject his offer ?" asked the stranger, familiarly stroking back, with his hand, the glossy hair from her brow. " Probably you did not like him."—The girl shook her head and smiled : but when he jocosely observed, that none but a white, perhaps, was to be the happy man, after a moment of pensive meditation, she suddenly sunk upon his bosom, while a charming suffusion crimsoned her tawny face. The stranger, deeply impressed with her loveliness and grace, called her his dear girl, and forgetting all his cares, clasped her to his breast. He could not harbour the thought, that all these emotions which she manifested were the mere expression of cruel and premeditated treachery. The apprehensions which had tormented him were dispelled; he reproached himself for having but for a moment suspected her sincerity, and he imprinted a kiss, as if for a token of reconciliation and forgiveness, on her brow. The girl, suddenly raising herself, listened as though she heard some one coming along the passage; she thoughtfully put to rights the handkerchief, which had become somewhat deranged, over her bosom; and when she found that she was

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mistaken, she returned to the stranger and reminded him that the water would soon be cold, if he did not make use of it. "But why," said she, somewhat confused, as the stranger was silent and fixed his eyes stedfastly on her, "why do you look so earnestly at me?" The officer, clapping his hand to his forehead for a moment, and suppressing a sigh, replied, "On account of your wonderful resemblance to a friend of mine." Toni, who could not help remarking the gloom which had succeeded his former cheerfulness, took him tenderly by the hand, and asked: "Who was that?" on which, after a short pause, he thus began: "Her name was Marianne Congreve; she was a native of Strasburg. I had become acquainted with her in that city, where her father was a merchant, shortly before the commencement of the revolution, and was fortunate enough to gain her love and the approbation of her mother. She was the most faithful creature under the sun: and I am so strongly reminded of the terrible and affecting circumstances under which I lost her, when I look at you, that I can scarcely refrain from tears." "What!" said Toni, pressing closer to his bosom, "is she dead?" "She is," replied the stranger, "and it was not till her death that I became fully acquainted with her excellence. God knows," continued he, sorrowfully leaning his head upon her shoulder

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“ how I could be guilty of such indiscretion as to indulge one evening, in a place of public resort, in some reflections on the tremendous revolutionary tribunal which had just been established. I was denounced and search was made for me; and as I was not to be found, having been fortunate enough to conceal myself in the suburbs, my sanguinary persecutors, determined on having a victim, proceeded to the residence of my bride, and exasperated at her declaration, though perfectly true, that she knew not where I was, the ruffians dragged her to the place of execution instead of me. No sooner did this horrid intelligence reach me, than, quitting my retreat, I hurried to the place of execution, and pushed through the crowd, crying: ‘Here, inhuman wretches! here I am!’ She was already on the scaffold: to the enquiry of some of the judges to whom I was, unfortunately, a stranger, she replied, turning from me with a look that can never be erased from my soul, ‘I know nothing of that man.’ In a few moments the axe of the guillotine severed her head from her body, amidst the sound of drums and the shouts of the blood-thirsty monsters, by whom the scaffold was surrounded. How I was saved I know not: a quarter of an hour afterwards I found myself in the house of a friend, where I swooned repeatedly, and at night was put, half distracted, into a carriage and conveyed across the Rhine.

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The stranger, loosing the girl from his arms,
stepped to the window: she observed him deeply
affected, applying his handkerchief to his eyes:
sympathetic feelings were excited in her bosom,
and following him with a sudden movement,
she threw her arms about his neck and mingled
her tears with his. Pity, says the poet, melts
the soul to love,—such was its effect in the pre-
sent instance.

The stranger was now satisfied that he was
safe, and that he had nothing to fear from the
girl. He took from his neck the gold cross, the
gift of his faithful Marianne, and with number-
less caresses hung it about her's as a nuptial
present; taking her by the hand, he told her that
he would next morning demand her of her mother
in marriage. He described to her the estate
which was his independent property on the
banks of the Aar; a house, commodious and
spacious enough to accommodate her and her
mother, if her age would permit her to accom-
pany them; corn-fields, meadows, gardens and
vineyards; and an old venerable father, who
would receive her most gratefully and kindly,
because she had saved his son. He called her
his dear Toni, and imprinted a tender kiss on
her cheek, before she hastened away to her own
apartment.

As soon as it was light, old Babekan went
up to her daughter, and sitting down on the

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107

side of her bed, disclosed to her the plan she
had formed in regard to the stranger and his
companions. She was of opinion that, as Congo
Hoango would not be back for two days, all
means should be tried to detain the stranger in
the house for that time, without admitting his
kinsfolk, who might be dangerous from their
number. With this view, she said, it would be
advisable to make the stranger believe that,
according to intelligence which had just arrived,
General Dessalines was advancing with his
army into those parts, and that, therefore, it
would not be possible, on account of the ex-
treme danger, to admit the family into the house
till the third day. They might, indeed, in the
mean time be supplied with provisions, lest they
should proceed farther, and be detained by the
expectation of finding refuge in their house.
She added, that it was a matter of some conse-
quence to get these people into their power, as
they, no doubt, carried with them many valua-
ble effects; and concluded with exhorting her
daughter to second this scheme to the utmost of
her power. Toni, half rising in bed, while the
flush of anger crimsoned her cheeks, replied,
that it was base and cruel, thus to violate hos-
pitality, by sacrificing persons who were allured
into the house. She declared that the unfor-
tunate, who sought their protection, ought to
be doubly safe under their roof, and threatened

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that, unless she relinquished the bloody plan
which she had formed, she would go immediately
and inform the stranger what a den of murders
ers that house was, in which he hoped to find
succour and relief. "Toni!" cried her mother,
setting her arms a-kimbo, and staring at her in
astonishment. "I certainly will!" rejoined
Toni, lowering her voice. "What harm has this
man, who is not even a Frenchman, but, as we
have seen, a Swiss, done us, that we should,
like savage banditti, fall upon, plunder and kill
him? Does not every thing attest that he is a
most excellent and generous man, who has
never participated in any of those atrocities
which the blacks lay to the charge of his race?"
The old woman, considering the girl's extraor-
dinary look, merely replied, with quivering lips,
that she was astonished. She asked, what the
young Portuguese had done, who was lately
knocked on the head under the gateway, what
the two Dutchmen had done, who three weeks
before were shot by the negroes in the court-
yard; and what was to be alleged against the
three Frenchmen, and many other single fugi-
tives of the race of the whites, who, since the
commencement of the insurrection, had been
dispatched in various ways at that house. "By
the God of heaven!" exclaimed the daughter,
springing wildly from her bed, "it is very un-
wise of you to remind me of these cruelties!

OF ST. DOMINGO.

The atrocities in which ye compel me to partici-
cipate have long revolted my inmost soul, and
to propitiate the wrath of the Almighty for what
is past, I swear to die a hundred deaths before
I will suffer a hair of this young man's head to
be hurt while he is in our house." "Well,"
said the old woman, in a tone of feigned com-
pliance, "let the stranger go! But when
Congo Hoango returns," added she, rising to
leave the room, "and learns that a white man
has passed the night in our house, you may an-
swer for the pity which induced you, contrary to
the express prohibition, to permit his escape."

This language, in which, notwithstanding its
apparent gentleness, the rage of the old woman
was but too manifest, threw the girl into no
small embarrassment. She was but too well
aware of her mother's antipathy to the whites,
to imagine that she would let slip such an oppor-
tunity of gratifying her revenge. Apprehensive
lest she might send immediately to the neigh-
bouring plantations for negroes to secure the
stranger, she quickly dressed herself and fol-
lowed her down stairs. While the old woman
seemed to be busy about something at a cup-
board, which she presently quitted and sat
down to her spinning-wheel, Toni placed herself
before the proclamation affixed to the door,
forbidding the blacks, on pain of death, to afford
shelter or succour to the whites; and, as if

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THE BRIDAL

seized with terror, she had become sensible of
the impropriety of her conduct, she suddenly
turned round and fell at the feet of her mother,
who, as she well knew, had been watching her
motions. Embracing her knees, she begged
her to forgive the silly language she had used
in regard to the stranger; excused herself as
being only half awake at the time; and declared
that she should abandon him to the vengeance
of the laws, which decreed his destruction.
The old woman, after a pause, in which her eyes
were stedfastly fixed on the girl, replied: "By
heaven! your submission has saved his life
for the present: for since you threatened to
take him under your protection, the food was
already poisoned which was to have delivered
him, dead at least, into Congo Hoango's power,
agreeably to his command." With these words
she rose, and emptied a pot of milk, which stood
on the table, out of the window. Toni, who
could scarcely trust her senses, eyed her mother
with horror. The old woman, while she re-
turned to her seat and raised the girl, who was
still kneeling, from the floor, asked, what could
have produced such a change in her sentiments
in the course of a single night. She enquired
whether the girl had staid long with the stranger,
after preparing the foot-bath for him, and if she
had talked much with him. Toni, whose bosom
heaved violently, stood with her eyes fixed on

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111

the ground, and pretended that it was the effect
of a dream: adding, that a look at her unfor-
tunate mother, whose hand she at the same
time seized and kissed, reminded her of all the
inhumanity of the race to which the stranger
belonged. Then turning round and covering
her face with her apron, she protested that, as
soon as Hoango returned, she should see what
a daughter she had in her.

Babekan sat absorbed in thought, consider-
ing what could be the cause of the girl's ex-
traordinary susceptibility, when the stranger
entered the room with a note, written in his
chamber, inviting the family to come and rest
a few days at Hoango's plantation. He saluted
both mother and daughter in the most friendly
manner, and delivering the billet to the former,
requested her to send it, without delay, to the
forest, together with a supply of provisions,
according to her promise. Babekan rose and
put the note in the cupboard. " We must beg
you, sir," said she, with an air of alarm, " to
return immediately to your chamber. The road
is full of small bodies of negro troops, who are
passing, and who inform us that General Des-
salines, with his army, is coming this way.
This house, which is open to every one, can
afford you no security, unless you conceal your-
self in your chamber, which looks into the
court-yard, and keep the window-shutters, as

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THE BRIDAL

well as the doors, carefully closed.” “What!”
cried the stranger, with astonishment,—“Gene-
ral Dessalines—”—“Ask no questions,” said
the old woman, interrupting him, and knocking
three times on the floor with a stick. “I will
follow you to your chamber, and there acquaint
you with every thing.”—“But,” said he, quit-
ting the room, “do not forget to send a mes-
senger to my friends who are waiting for me,
to —”—“That shall be attended to,” cried
Babekan, while the negro-boy, who has been
already mentioned, entered at her summons.
Hereupon she desired Toni to take up a basket
of provisions, which stood in the corner; and
mother, daughter, stranger, and boy went up
stairs to the bed-chamber.

Here the old woman related how the fires of
General Dessalines' army had been seen all
night long on the hills, that bounded the hor-
rizon; which was a real fact, though not a
single negro of his army, which was advancing
in a south-western direction towards Port au
Prince, had been seen in that neighbourhood.
She succeeded in thus plunging her guest into
an ocean of disquietude, which, however, she
contrived to allay by the assurance, that in case
troops should be quartered upon them, she would
do all that lay in her power to save him. At his
repeated entreaties that, under these circum-
stances, she would, at least, send some provi-

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113

sions for the refreshment of his relatives, she took the basket from her daughter's hand and gave it to the boy, telling him to carry it to the fish-pond in the adjacent forest, and to deliver it to the family of a foreign officer, whom he would find there. She moreover desired him to say, that the officer himself was well; that friends to the whites, who had much to suffer from the blacks, on account of their sentiments, had, out of compassion, admitted him into their house; and that as soon as the high road should be cleared of the armed bands of negroes, which were expected, arrangements should be made for the accommodation of the whole family.

" Do you understand ?" said she, when she had finished. The boy, lifting the basket on his head, replied, that he knew the pond well, for himself and his playfellows often went a fishing there, and that he would not fail to deliver the basket and the message to the family of the strange gentleman. The old woman asked the stranger if he had any thing farther to say, on which he drew a ring from his finger, and handed it to the boy, desiring him to deliver that also to Mr. Strömli, the head of the family, as a token that he might rely on the truth of the message. The mother then gave various directions, with a view, as she alleged, to the security of the stranger : she ordered Toni to close the window-shutters, and she herself, taking a

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tinder-box from the mantel-piece, struck a
light, but not without a good deal of trouble,
as the tender would not catch. The stranger
took advantage of this temporary darkness, to
clasp Toni round the waist and ask her in a
whisper, whether he should speak to her mother,
as he had proposed. Toni replied, disengaging
herself from his arm, "No; if you love me, not
a word!" Suppressing the anxiety which all
these deceitful preparations excited in her
mind, and saying that she would fetch the
stranger some breakfast, she hurried down to
the room below.

Taking from the cupboard the letter in which
the stranger had innocently invited the family
to accompany the boy to the plantation, and
resolved, whether her mother should miss it or
not, in the worst event to die along with him,
she flew after the boy who was already at some
distance. She regarded the stranger no longer
as a mere guest to whom she had afforded
shelter and hospitality, but as virtually her
husband; and she was determined, as soon as
his party in the house should be strong enough,
to communicate the matter without reserve to
her mother, calculating that under such cir-
cumstances she would not withhold her assent
to their union. "Nanky," said she, when
breathless with running, she had overtaken the
boy, "mother has changed her mind: you are

OF ST. DOMINGO.

115

to carry this letter to Mr. Strömli; it contains
an invitation to him to come, with his whole
family, and spend a few days at our house.
Try all you can to persuade him to accept it,
and Hoango will reward you when he returns.”
“ That I will, Toni! that I will!" replied the
boy, putting the letter, carefully wrapped up,
into his pocket: “and I am to shew them the
way I suppose?”—“Of course,” answered Toni,
“because they are totally unacquainted with
this part of the country; but, on account of the
troops, you might otherwise meet on the road;
you are not to set out with them till about mid-
night, and then lose no time in coming, so that
you may be here before the dawn of day. Can
we rely on you?” asked she. “You may rely
on Nanky,” replied the boy; “I know why
these white vagabonds are to be enticed to the
plantation: Hoango shall have reason to be sa-
tisfied with me.”

Toni hastened back; carried up the officer's
breakfast, and after removing the things, both
mother and daughter returned to their domestic
avocations down stairs. It was not long before
the mother had occasion to go to the cupboard,
and naturally missed the letter. She clapped
her hand for a moment to her forehead, as if
mistrustful of her memory, and asked Toni
what she had done with the letter which the
stranger had given to her. Toni, after a short

3 K

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THE BRIDAL

pause, replied, that the stranger had put it in
his pocket again, and torn it to pieces in his
chamber, in the presence of them both. The
mother looked at the girl with amazement: she
was pretty sure that he had delivered the letter
into her hands, and that she had left it in the
cupboard; but as, after much useless search,
she could not find it there, and several similar
circumstances caused her to distrust her memory; she could, at last, do no other than believe her daughter's account. At the same time,
she could not help expressing her mortification,
because this letter would have been of the
greatest importance to Hoango, for alluring the
family to the plantation. Thus passed the day.
After supper the mother locked the stranger's
door, "for safety," as she alleged; and after
she had again consulted with Toni, by what
stratagem she could, on the following day, get
possession of another letter to the same effect,
she retired to rest, and desired the girl to go to
bed also.

Toni had awaited this moment with anxious
impatience. No sooner had she ascertained
that her mother was asleep, than, placing the
image of the blessed Virgin which hung beside
her bed on a chair, she fell upon her knees
with folded hands before it. In a most fervent
prayer, she implored her divine son to grant her
the courage and fortitude to reveal the crimes,

OF ST. DOMINGO.

117

that oppressed her youthful bosom, to the man
to whom she had wholly surrendered her heart.
She vowed, let it cost her what it would, to
conceal nothing from him, not even the object,
inhuman and atrocious as it was, with which
she had the preceding night enticed him into the
house; but for the sake of the steps she had
already hazarded to save him, she hoped he
would forgive her, and take her with him, as
his faithful wife, to Europe. Wonderfully
strengthened by this prayer, she took the
master-key to all the rooms in the house, and
crept slowly, and without light, along the narrow
passage that intersected the building, towards
the chamber of the stranger. She softly
opened the door, and stepped up to his bed,
where he lay fast asleep. The moon threw her
rays over his handsome face; and the night
wind, entering at the open window, played with
the hair that shaded his brow. Bending over
him and touching his cheek with hers, she
called him by his name: but he was apparently
engaged by a dream, of which she seemed to be
the object; at least she heard him, repeatedly,
pronounce with his glowing and tremulous lips
the word—"Toni!" Overpowered by mingled
emotions of love and melancholy, she could not
prevail on herself to recall him from the heaven
created by imagination into the depths of
wretched reality: and certain that he must,

118

THE BRIDAL

sooner or later, awake of himself, she knelt be-
side his bed and covered his hand with kisses.

But what language can describe the horror
which seized her in a few moments, when she
suddenly heard in the court-yard the noise of
men, horses, and arms, and plainly distin-
guished the voice of Congo Hoango! The ruffian
had, unexpectedly, returned with his troop
from the camp of General Dessalines. She ran
to the window, where, standing behind the
curtains, to avoid being betrayed by the moon-
light, she heard her mother relating to the
negro all that had passed, and informing him
that the European was still in the house. Ho-
ango, in a low tone, enjoined his fellows to be
as quiet as possible. He asked Babekan where
the stranger was at that moment; on which she
pointed to the window of the room; and, imme-
diately, took occasion to acquaint him with the
extraordinary conversation which she had had
with her daughter, relative to this man. She
assured the negro that the girl was a traitress,
and that the whole scheme of securing him was
in danger of being frustrated. At any rate,
she said, if the stranger was not already gone,
she had probably concerted with him the means
of effecting his escape. The negro, who had
put the girl's fidelity to the test in similar cases,
replied, that he could not believe it to be pos-
sible. "Kelly," said he, "and Omra; take

OF ST. DOMINGO.

119

your muskets!” and he instantly went up stairs,
followed by all his blacks, to the chamber of
the stranger.

Toni, before whose eyes this whole scene
had passed in a few minutes, stood petrified
with horror. She thought at first of waking her
lover; but she was aware, that under the pre-
sent circumstances, flight was impossible; and
she foresaw that he would not fail to defend
himself, and that from the superior force of the
blacks, instant death would be his inevitable
lot. But the most dreadful consideration was,
that the unfortunate man, when he should see
her, on awaking, beside his bed, would consi-
der her as a traitress, and instead of listening
to her counsel, in the madness of such a notion,
throw himself completely into the power of
Hoango. At this moment, a cord hanging,
heaven knows by what accident, on a nail
in the wall, caught her eye. God himself,
thought she, pulling it down, must have placed
it there to save her lover and herself. Having
bound his hands and legs with this cord, she
tied the ends of it, in spite of his struggles,
to the bedstead; and then, overjoyed at her
success, she imprinted a kiss on his lips, and
hastened to meet Hoango, whom she heard as-
cending the stairs.

The negro, who still disbelieved the old wo-
man's story respecting the girl, amazed and

120

THE BRIDAL

confounded on seeing her come out of the
chamber, stopped in the passage with his whole
troop. "The false young wretch!" cried he;
and turning to Babekan, who had advanced to
the chamber door, he asked, "Is the stranger
gone?" Babekan, finding the door open, turned
back without looking into the room, raving like
a maniac. "Curse the hussy!" she exclaimed,
"she has let him escape! Run," added she,
"and guard all the outlets, before he can get
away!"—"What is the matter?" asked Toni,
surveying old Hoango and the blacks who sur-
rounded him with looks of surprise.—"The
matter!" repeated Hoango, seizing her by the
arm and dragging her to the chamber. "Are
you mad?" cried Toni, pushing from her the
old man, who was thunderstruck at the sight
which there presented itself. "There he lies,
bound fast in his bed by me: and, by hea-
ven, it is not the worst thing I ever did!"
So saying, she turned her back on him and
seated herself at a table, as if weeping. "O
Babekan," cried Hoango to her mother, who
stood by confounded, "what a tale you have
deceived me with!"—"Heaven be praised!"
ejaculated the mother, examining the cord with
which the stranger was bound: "there he is
indeed, fast enough; but I cannot comprehend
how all this has come about." The negro, re-
turning his sword to the scabbard, went up to
the bed, and asked the stranger who he was,

OF ST. DOMINGO.

121

whence he came, and whither he was going.
The latter, however, amidst violent struggles
to get loose, uttered not a word but—"O Toni!
Toni!" Babekan therefore informed him, that
he was a native of Switzerland, named Gustavus von der Ried, and that he had come from
Fort Dauphin with a whole family of European
dogs, who were at that moment lurking in the
ravines near the great pond. Hoango, seeing
the girl sitting with her head sorrowfully leaning
on her hand, went up to her, called her his
darling, and begged her to forgive the unjust
suspicion which he had expressed. He called
the two men with muskets, in order to put into
immediate execution the law which decreed
the death of the stranger: but Babekan whispered
him, "Don't, for heaven's sake, Hoango!"
Taking him aside, she told him, that it would
be advisable, before the stranger was put to
death, to get a letter from him, for the purpose
of alluring his family to the plantation, as it
might be dangerous to attack them in the forest.
Hoango, considering that they were probably
provided with arms, approved this proposal.
He placed two men as guards over the prisoner
till morning, and having examined the cords
which he thought too slack, and caused them
to be tightened, he left the chamber with his
whole troop, and all of them gradually retired
to rest for the night.

122

THE BRIDAL

Toni, however, as soon as the house was again quiet, rose, and stealing softly out at a back-door ran, with despair in her heart, along a path crossing the high-road, in the direction in which the family of her lover were to approach. The looks of ineffable disdain, which the stranger had from his bed cast on her, had pierced her heart like daggers: a feeling of profound bitterness mingled with her affection for him, and she rejoiced in the idea of dying in an enterprize undertaken for his deliverance. Fearful of missing the family, she reclined against the trunk of a pine, close to which the company would be obliged to pass, in case of their accepting the invitation; and scarcely did the first rays of dawn appear upon the horizon, when she heard at a distance the voice of the boy who acted as their guide.

The company consisted of Mr. Strömli and his wife, the latter riding on a mule; their five children, the two eldest of whom, Adelbert, a youth of eighteen, and Godfrey, a year younger, marched on either side of their mother; three men and two women servants, one of whom carrying an infant at the breast, was mounted on the other mule:—in all, twelve persons. They advanced slowly to the spot where Toni stood. “Stop Nanky!” said she to the boy, who immediately knew her voice. She then asked which was Mr. Strömli, and he conducted

OF ST. DOMINGO.

123

her to the worthy head of the family. “Sir,” said Toni, interrupting his salutations, “Hoango is unexpectedly returned, with his whole troop, to the plantation. You cannot now proceed thither without extreme danger; nay, your nephew, who has been admitted into the house, must perish, unless you seize your arms and follow me to the plantation, to release him from the captivity in which he is held by the old negro.”—“Gracious heaven!” exclaimed all the members of the family, struck with horror: and the mother, who was ill and exhausted with travelling, sunk swooning from the mule to the ground. While the maids, at the call of Mr. Strömli, hastened to the assistance of their mistress, Toni took him aside and, with blushes, informed him of all that had passed between her and his nephew; she told him what she, nearly distracted with anguish, had done since the arrival of Hoango, and that she was now resolved to risk life and every thing for his deliverance. “My arms!” cried Mr. Strömli, hastening to his wife’s mule and taking off his musket. His courageous sons, Adelbert and Godfrey, and the three resolute men-servants, also armed themselves. “Gustavus,” said his uncle, “has saved the lives of more than one of us; now it is our turn to render him the like service.” He lifted his wife upon the mule; ordered Nanky’s hands to be tied, that

1

124

THE BRIDAL

he might be a kind of hostage, and sent back
the women and children to the pond, under the
protection of his third son, Ferdinand, only;
a spirited boy of thirteen, who was likewise
armed. After he had questioned Toni, respect-
ing the force of the negroes and their distribu-
tion in the court-yard, and promised her to
spare both Hoango and her mother as much as
possible in this enterprize, he boldly placed
himself, confiding in the protection of heaven,
at the head of his little troop, and conducted
by Toni, proceeded towards the house.

Toni, as soon as she had introduced them by
the back-gate into the court-yard, showed
Strömli the room in which Hoango and Babekan
slept; and while he and his people entered the
open house and secured the piled arms of the
negroes, she slipped aside into the stall where
Seppy, Nanky's half brother, slept. Old Ho-
ango doated on these two illegitimate children,
and especially the former, who was but five
years old, and whose mother was recently dead.
As even, in case of the deliverance of her lover,
the return to the pond and their flight thence
to Port au Prince, in which she designed to
join them, was likely to be attended with many
difficulties, she very judiciously concluded, that
the possession of the two boys, as a kind of
pledge, might be of great advantage, in the
event of an attack by the negroes. She suc-

OF ST. DOMINGO.

125

ceeded in carrying off the child half asleep out
of his bed into the main building.

Meanwhile Mr. Strömli and his troop had,
with as little disturbance as possible, burst
open Hoango's chamber-door; but Babekan
and he, instead of being in bed as they ex-
pected, alarmed by the noise, were both stand-
ing half-naked and defenceless in the middle of
the floor. Strömli, pointing his musket, bade
them surrender or they should die: but Hoango,
taking down a pistol from the wall, fired it at
the assailants. The ball grazed the head of
their leader. At this signal the followers of
the latter rushed upon him; Hoango, by a se-
cond fire, wounded one of the servants in the
shoulder; but one of his hands was disabled by
the stroke of a sword, and both Babekan and
he were thrown down and bound. In the mean
time Hoango's blacks, roused by the report of
fire-arms, to the number of twenty or more,
rushed out of their stalls, and hearing the cries
of old Babekan, hurried towards the house to
recover their arms. In vain did Strömli, whose
wound was but slight, post his people at the
windows of the house, and order them to fire
among the blacks to keep them off: regardless
of the death of two of their comrades, who were
extended in the yard, they brought axes and
iron crows to break open the door, which
Strömli had locked and bolted; while Toni,

126

THE BRIDAL

trembling all over, entered Hoango's chamber,
with young Seppy in her arms. Strömli snatched
the boy from her, and drawing his dagger,
swore that he would bury it in his heart, unless
Hoango commanded his blacks to desist from
their purpose. Hoango, whose courage was
cooled by the loss of three fingers, and whose
own life would have been endangered by a re-
fusal, agreed, after some consideration, to com-
ply. Mr. Strömli assisted him to rise, and led
him to the window, where he called to the ne-
groes, ordering them to return immediately to
their stalls, as he had no need of their assist-
ance, his life being perfectly safe. At the de-
sire of Strömli, he also sent a black, who had
been taken in the house, to repeat this order to
the band, who yet remained in consultation in
the court-yard: and as the negroes, little as
they comprehended of the matter, were obliged
to obey this formal message; they relinquished
their design, for the execution of which they
had every thing in readiness, and retired mur-
muring and grumbling to their stalls. Strömli
caused young Seppy's hands to be bound in the
presence of Hoango, telling the latter, that he
had no other intention than to release his
nephew from the confinement in which he was
detained; and that if no obstacles were thrown
in the way of his flight to Port au Prince,
Hoango had nothing to fear either for his own

OF ST. DOMINGO.

127

life or the lives of his children, who would be restored to him. Toni, with an emotion which she could not suppress, approached her mother, who spurned her from her, called her a base and perfidious wretch, and prayed that the vengeance of heaven might speedily overtake her. Toni replied, "I have not betrayed you; I have plighted my faith to a white, to the stranger whom you hold in confinement; I be-long to the race with which you are at open war; and I have no fear of being overtaken by the judgments of the Almighty for espousing their cause." Strömli hereupon placed a senti-nel over Hoango, who was again bound and fastened to the door-post, and ordered his ser-vant, who lay senseless on the floor from the effect of his wound, to be removed. Having once more told Hoango, that in a few days he might send for the two boys to St. Luze, where the first French advanced posts were stationed, he took Toni, who, overpowered by conflicting emotions, could not suppress her tears, by the hand, and conducted her out of the chamber, followed by the curses of Babekan and old Hoango.

In the mean time Strömli's sons, Adelbert and Godfrey, on the conclusion of the principal conflict from the windows, had hastened, by command of their father, to the chamber of their cousin Gustavus, and were fortunate enough to

L 3

128

THE BRIDAL

overpower, after an obstinate resistance, the two
blacks who guarded him. The one lay dead in
the room; the other, severely wounded, had
crawled into the passage. The two brothers,
the eldest of whom was wounded, though but
slightly, in the leg, unbound their beloved
cousin, and exultingly handing him his arms,
begged him to accompany them into the front
room, where, as the victory was already de-
cided, their father was probably making ar-
rangements for their departure. Gustavus,
half-raised in bed, cordially pressed their
hands: he was reserved and thoughtful; and,
instead of taking the pistols which they brought
him, clenched his fist, and struck his forehead,
with a look of inexpressible anguish. The
youths seated themselves by him, and enquired
what ailed him? He leaned his head on Adel-
bert's shoulder, and the younger brother had
just risen to fetch him some water, under the
idea that he was fainting, when Strömli and
Toni, holding Seppy by the hand, entered the
room. At this sight Gustavus changed colour:
and before the youths knew what he was going
to do with the pistol, which he now snatched
out of the hand of one of them, he fired it,
gnashing his teeth with rage, at Toni. The
ball penetrated her bosom; with a shriek of
pain she staggered forward a few paces and
sunk before him. Hurling the pistol at her, he

OF ST. DOMINGO.

129

spurned her from him with his foot, and calling her a perfidious wretch, threw himself again on the bed. “O, thou savage!” cried his uncle and his two sons. The latter ran to the girl, raised her in their arms, and called an old servant who had already performed the office of a surgeon in various dangerous cases. The girl pressed her hand convulsively to the wound. “Tell him,” stammered she, pointing to the murderer—“tell him—” “What shall we tell him?” said Strömli, as death seemed already to deprive her of utterance. Adelbert and Godfrey, turning to the perpetrator of the horrid deed, asked if he knew that the girl was his deliverer; that she loved him so sincerely that she had intended to abandon parents and fortune, and accompany him to Port au Prince? Gustavus again raised himself, but without replying. He cast a look at the girl weltering in her blood, and the fury which had instigated the deed naturally gave place to a feeling of ordinary pity. “Why, wretched man, have you done this?” cried his uncle, while the tears trickled down his cheeks. “Because,” replied Gustavus, wiping the perspiration from his brow, and contemplating his victim, “because the traitress bound me while I was asleep, and delivered me to the bloodthirsty Hoango.”—“Ah!” cried Toni, extending her hand towards him, with a look not to be described, “I bound

130

THE BRIDAL

you, y dearest friend, because —" She was not able to proceed farther, or to reach him with her hand, and she fell exhausted into Strömli's arms. " Why?" cried Gustavus, springing from the bed, and throwing himself, pale as death, on his knees before her. After a long pause, during which they waited in vain for a reply from Toni, Mr. Strömli said: " Because, after Hoango's arrival, there was no other way to save you, wretched man; because she was anxious to prevent the unequal conflict in which you infallibly would have engaged, and to gain time till we should come up, agreeably to her arrangements, to set you at liberty by force of arms." Gustavus covered his face with his hands. He durst not raise his eyes: the ground seemed to open beneath his feet. " Oh!" cried he, " is what you tell me true?" He threw his arm around her, and looked up in her face with unutterable anguish. " Ah!" said Toni, with a faultering and scarcely audible voice—"you should not—have distrusted—me!" With these words her spirit fled to happier regions. Gustavus rent his hair. " Indeed," said he, as his cousins tore him from the corpse, " I ought not to have distrusted thee, for thou wast united to me by an oath, though it had not been expressed in words." The servant arrived with some imperfect instruments, and, with the assistance of his master, examined

OF ST. DOMINGO.

131

the wound: but it was too evident, that even the most consummate skill would here have been of no avail, and that the poor girl was quite dead.

Gustavus had, meanwhile, gone to the window, and while Strömli and his sons were consulting together what was to be done with the corpse, and whether they ought not to send for the mother, their wretched kinsman put an end to his own life with the other pistol. The attention of all was now directed to him; but their aid was useless—his skull was shattered to pieces. His uncle was the first to recover his presence of mind. It was now broad day, and he was informed that the negroes began to appear again in the court-yard: it therefore behoved him to think of an immediate retreat. Unwilling to leave the two bodies to the wanton abuse of the blacks, he ordered them to be laid upon a board, and after the whole company had re-loaded their pieces, the melancholy procession set out for the fish-pond. Mr. Strömli, carrying Seppy on one arm, went first: the two strongest of the men-servants followed, bearing the bodies on their shoulders; next came their wounded comrade, supporting himself with a staff; and Adelbert and Godfrey flanked the slowly moving funeral train. The blacks, seeing the party so weak, sallied from their habitations with bludgeons and pitchforks, and

132 THE BRIDAL OF ST. DOMINGO.

seemed disposed for an attack; but Hoango,
who had been previously unbound, came out
upon the steps and motioned his people to be
quiet. " At St. Luze!" cried Mr. Strömli,
who was already under the gateway. " At St.
Luze!" repeated Hoango; on which the train
proceeded unmolested, and reached the forest.
Near the pond, where they rejoined the rest of
the family, they dug, with many tears, a grave
for the lovers, and consigned their remains,
with solemn prayer, to the abodes of everlast-
ing peace.

Five days after this painful catastrophe,
Strömli and his family were fortunate enough
to reach St. Luze, where, according to his pro-
mise, he left the two negro boys. He arrived
at Port au Prince shortly before the siege of
that place, where he fought on the ramparts in
the cause of the whites: and when the town,
after an obstinate resistance, was taken by Des-
salines, he embarked with the French army on
board the British fleet, which carried him to
England, whence he returned, without farther
accident, to his native country. Here, with the
remnant of his little fortune, he purchased a re-
treat in the vicinity of the Rigi; and in his
garden, on a spot overshadowed with trees, is
still to be seen the monument which he erected
in memory of his unfortunate nephew, and the
faithful Toni.

133

THE

MAGIC MIRROR.

A POLISH TALE.

IN the castle of Lapotka, in Poland, there was an ancient tower, concerning which many extraordinary reports were circulated: but as the door, composed of thick oaken planks, strengthened with iron, had not been opened, to any one's knowledge, from time immemorial, no person could tell what it contained. The most general notion was, that a former proprietor of the castle had practised the black art in a dark apartment in his tower, that it was still haunted by his spirit, and that at the hour of midnight, the door of the tower flew open with a tremendous noise.

134 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

Francis, a sprightly boy, the only son of the
gentleman who owned the castle at the com-
mencement of the eighteenth century, could
therefore never approach the tower in question
without a peculiar feeling of horror. He was
growing up to manhood, when he once expressed
a wish to his father that this unsightly tower,
which disfigured the whole castle, were demo-
lished; but the old man, with an air of mystery,
replied, that he would probably some day think
differently of the matter. Francis had been
educated, agreeably to the wish of his mother,
by a pious priest, who, having been frequently
the dupe of the artful and designing, had con-
ceived a disgust of the world, and embraced a
monastic life. By him his pupil was instructed
in the sciences; he instilled into him a spirit of
piety and a love of virtue; but a suspicion and
distrust of mankind were gradually infused, by
the daily expressions of the preceptor, into the
mind of his pupil. He had been from home
some years to finish his education, when a letter
from his father summoned him to return with all
possible expedition, as he felt his health rapidly
declining, and was desirous of speaking to him
before his dissolution; especially as Charles
the Twelfth of Sweden, after his victories at
Narva and on the Dwina, was just then me-
nacing the Polish frontiers. Francis obeyed
his father's injunction, and hurried home,
hoping to find him still alive. With an anxiously

THE MAGIC MIRROR.

throbbing heart he entered the castle-gate, and
sought to read in every face the fulfilment of
his most ardent wish, that his father might be
yet living.

Old Ignatius came to meet him. “God be
praised,” cried he, “our master is yet alive,
but extremely weak.”

“Hasten, then,” said Francis, “to prepare
my dear father for my coming.”

“Oh! he knew you would be here to-day,”
replied Ignatius, “so you had better go to him
at once.”

Francis could not conceive by what means
his father had received such precise intelli-
gence respecting the period of his return, but
hurried to the bed of his parent, who was
greatly rejoiced at his arrival, and immediately
desired to be left alone with his son.

“My affairs,” he began, “are exceedingly
deranged; but my old and valued friend, the
Starost Drebinski, has promised me the hand of
his beautiful daughter for you. She possesses a
large fortune in her own right. She is still
young; her heart is disengaged; seek her love
and the friendship of her brother; you will ob-
tain both, and thereby raise our race, now
nearly extinct, to new splendour. Perhaps, too,
your mother’s brother, though he and I have
not been on good terms, may not transfer this
hostility to you.”

M

136 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

The old man seemed nearly exhausted; his utterance became difficult; but he mustered his strength for another effort.

"I have still," said he," in a voice scarcely audible, "to communicate to you an important secret, which, if properly employed, may conduct you to the highest degree of prosperity. In yon tower—Ignatius—"

At these words he swooned. He again came to himself, indeed, and attempted to speak, but in vain; and in a few hours he was no more.

Francis was most affectionately attached to his father, and for a considerable time the thoughts of his deceased parent occupied his whole soul. He found his father's affairs in the utmost confusion. There were many points, indeed, on which Ignatius, the steward of the estate and the confidential agent of his father, was able to furnish information; but this was not the case with others, and particularly with a law-suit of the utmost importance; and Ignatius, to whom he addressed his enquiries on this subject in vain, at length said: "Probably nothing but the mirror can throw any light on this subject." Francis looked at him with astonishment, and on his requiring an explanation, it appeared that Ignatius had supposed that his dying master had made his son fully acquainted with the family secret. Finding that he was yet ignorant of it, he promised to give him all the necessary information at midnight.

THE MAGIC MIRROR.

The air of mystery assumed by the steward, who would not, and who indeed declared that he could not, then explain himself more fully, strongly excited the curiosity of his young master. He recollected the last words of his expiring father, and awaited the appointed hour with impatience. Midnight came, and with it Ignatius. He entered the room muffled up in a cloak, with a lantern in one hand, and a bunch of large keys in the other. At his desire, Francis wrapped himself in another cloak, "for," said his conductor, "I should wish, that if we happen to be seen, we may be taken for spirits." They proceeded to the tower, which Francis, owing to the recollection of his early years, could not approach without a secret awe; and this feeling was greatly increased by the harsh grating of the door, on being opened, and the sepulchral smell that issued from the tower.

"What," he asked, "am I to do here?"

"Only follow me," answered Ignatius; "you will see."

He unlocked a second door, that led into a ruinous chapel, and then lifting up a trap-door he descended. Francis hesitated a moment; but his curiosity was roused, and he followed. It was a funeral vault. Between two rows of mouldering coffins and scattered bones, they advanced to an iron door, and passing it, entered a

138 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

small vaulted chamber, the walls of which were
hung with black. The floor was covered with a
black carpet; on it stood a small altar, upon
which, between two black tapers, lay a skull,
and before that a book in black binding.

"What means all this?" asked Francis.

"I am fulfilling the instructions of your deceased father," answered Ignatius, "which he gave me, in case he should not live till your arrival."

"But for what purpose is this mummery?"

"All I know about it, from the communica-
tions of my late master, is this:—One of your
ancestors, a pious old gentleman, went on a pil-
grimage with his son to Jerusalem. On their
return, they fell into the hands of pirates, and
were sold for slaves at Alexandria. As long as
they continued together, the father's piety pre-
served the son from despair; but the old man,
unused to hardships, soon sunk under them.
The son, without guide or friend, accustomed
to live well and enjoy himself, now in his prime
doomed to the most oppressive servitude, with-
out any prospect of being ever redeemed, be-
came accidentally acquainted with a Cophtic
monk, who purchased his liberty, and with
whom he passed several years. How they were
both employed during that time is best known
to God and his saints; but so much is certain,
that your ancestor came back safe, and was rich

THE MAGIC MIRROR.

and respected. He constructed this little
chamber by his family vault, and bequeathed to
his descendants the magic mirror for the disclo-
sure of future events, the use of which is ex-
plained in this book.”

“Where is, then, this mirror?” asked Francis.

“Beware of drawing back the veil that conceals it: this must not be done except in the manner prescribed by the book. All that I can shew you, without danger, I will.”

He drew up a curtain. Francis started back. In a niche in the wall stood a mummy, holding in both hands the mirror, covered with a black veil, on which unknown characters were embroidered in gold.

“None but a descendant of him who built this
chamber may presume to look in the glass.
You now know all that has been communicated
to me; the book will inform you of the rest.”

“Oh!” said Francis sorrowfully; “now I
know why my dear good mother was so often
weeping by herself: her friends called it me-
lancholy, for she would not inform any one of
the cause of her tears. No doubt she was ac-
quainted with this horrid family-secret.

“You are right,” replied Ignatius; “and
your noble uncle, who was informed of the
whole affair, when he came some years before
you were born, to take leave of your mother, pre-
viously to his departure from Poland with king

M 3

140 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

John Casimir, made your father promise to destroy this enchanted mirror. He believed that your father had done so, but was apprized, I know not by what means, of the contrary, and hence the coldness which ensued between them."

"Well then, out of respect for my beloved mother, I will destroy this abominable instrument of sorcery."

"Have patience, I beseech you! for even this cannot be done without the observance of certain circumstances, as directed in the book."

"Then take up the book, and let us begone out of this horrid place."

Francis threw the book for a moment into a book-case; but the troubles occasioned by the advance of the Swedes into Poland, numerous law-suits, and the importunity of creditors, immediately afterwards engaged his whole attention. He was soon convinced that there was no other way to avert impending ruin than the advantageous match proposed by his father. He hastened to Drebenski, by whom he was cordially welcomed, as the son of an old friend.

"I am heartily glad," said he "that you are come to see me just now, as I shall have an opportunity of introducing you to my daughter before she sets out for Warsaw. In the present troubles, the country is not a fit abode for a young lady; and therefore my sister, who lives

THE MAGIC MIRROR.

at Warsaw, is come provided with a Swedish
passport to take her to that city.”

This address strengthened the hopes of his
young visitor. Rosalia presently entered the
apartment; her extraordinary beauty captivated
him at the first glance; but her childlike inno-
cence, the noble simplicity of her manners, and
the affection which she every moment expressed
for her father, completely enchanted him. The
possession of such a female seemed to him the
highest felicity to which he could aspire in this
world. Drebinski observed with peculiar sa-
tisfaction the impression made by his daughter's
charms on the son of his friend. Francis found
means also to ingratiate himself with Drebinski's
sister, the Castellana Mozarski; and the young
man, praised by all whom she loved and
esteemed, soon began to be by no means indif-
ferent to the fair Rosalia. Perceiving her grow-
ing partiality, he forgot all his troubles; his
imagination pictured the most delicious pro-
spects, and thus passed some of the happiest
moments of his life. But the evening before
the day fixed for the departure of the young
lady, the conversation, which had previously
been so lively, was at a stand. Francis eyed
Rosalia with a look of dejection: he had ac-
quainted her father with his wishes, but received
no decisive answer, as the old man declared, that
every thing depended on the choice of his

142 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

daughter. With downcast look sat Rosalia,
only now and then venturing to raise her eyes
to the handsome stranger, while many a gentle
sigh heaved her fair bosom. The Castellana
observed them both with a smile, and cast many
a significant look at her brother.

Drebinski at length rose from his chair.
“ My dear Rosalia,” said he, in a tender tone,
“ I should like to see you, before I die, united
to a man deserving of your love and regard.”

Rosalia, sweetly blushing, kissed the hand of
her father, who thus proceeded :—“ This young
gentleman is the son of the friend and compa-
nion of my youth. I promised his father, on his
death-bed, that he should have your hand, un-
less your heart were averse to the match. I
will not forestall your choice; but, could I be-
hold you united and happy together, this sight
would cheer my declining days.”

A tear trembled in the eye of the susceptible
Rosalia: she extended her hand, in silence, to
Francis, who pressed her to his heart, and im-
printed the first kiss on her lips. The father
raised his grateful eyes to heaven; and the
Castellana shed tears of joy. The journey was
postponed for a few days, and the lovers were
inexpressibly happy. It was agreed, that the
marriage should take place as soon as the
storms of war had blown over. Francis now
thought of nothing but his Rosalia, and made

THE MAGIC MIRROR.

every possible effort to retrieve his embarrassed
affairs.

Thus had some months passed away, when
Drebinski died. Will Rosalia, thought Francis,
who gave me her hand only to gratify her father—
will she, who is doubtless universally adored
at Warsaw for her beauty, and perhaps sur-
rounded by men, to whom I am in every respect
inferior, still continue to bless me with her love?
This thought haunted him incessantly. He
wrote to Rosalia; he fancied that in her answer
there was not the same tenderness as before;
and at the same time he was informed by her,
that her brother, who had resided some years in
France, was on his return to his own country.

“O, ye saints!” exclaimed Francis, while
the big tears trickled down his cheeks, “is it
not likely that this brother, to whom I am an
utter stranger, will make every effort to deprive
one whose ruined circumstances are well known,
of the hand of his sister?” This idea tormented
him exceedingly. With a view to divert his
mind by study, he sat down to the writing-table
left him by his father. In examining the papers
it contained, he discovered a secret drawer, in
which were deposited letters from his uncle;
who, on quitting Poland, had entered into the
French military service, and held an important
command. In every one of these letters the
writer urged his brother-in-law to destroy the
chamber described above, and the magic mirror;

144 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

but the last contained the assurance, that un-
less, in the course of three months, he received
a certificate from Father Dominic, that his wish
was complied with, he would leave his large
fortune to widows and orphans; but, in the con-
trary event, he should bequeath the whole of it
to the son of his deceased sister. This letter
had been written ten years, yet there was still
a hope that he might be enriched by the kind-
ness of his uncle, and thus rendered more
worthy of Rosalia.

He pulled the bell, and sent for Ignatius.

“ Do you know Father Dominic ?”

“ Yes, he was confessor to your mother.”

“ Is he still living ?”

“ He is prior of the neighbouring convent.”

Francis posted away to the priory, and was
most kindly received. Dominic knew nothing
more than that his father occupied himself with
magic, and that his pious mother and her bro-
ther had endeavoured, by all the means in their
power, to divert him from this abominable pur-
suit; the more particular circumstances of the
case he was unacquainted with. So much,
however, he could tell Francis, when he en-
quired concerning his uncle, that the latter was
alive, and a general in the French army at the
commencement of the late war; and he promised
to forward any letter which his nephew might
think fit to write to him.

THE MAGIC MIRROR.

Francis lost no time in writing to his uncle; he promised to destroy the unhallowed chamber, and took up the book to inform himself of the manner in which this intention might be executed without danger. At the beginning he found a description of the ceremonies with which the veil should be removed from the mirror, and the magic words which it was necessary to pronounce before looking into the glass. It required also, that any questions proposed to the mirror should be entered upon the blank leaves of this book, and also the answers returned to them by the mirror. Curiosity induced him to turn to the last question proposed to the mirror by his father. It was as follows: "Has my son to expect wealth?"—The mirror presented a heap of bags full of money. Francis felt a momentary joy, which soon gave place to mistrust.—"To expect?" said he, "what a vague question! It should have been—Will he possess wealth?"

At this moment a party of Swedes came to be quartered upon him. Francis shut up his book, and went to receive them. The officers of a whole regiment had been sent to his castle. Francis, with a heart full of anxiety, sat pensive and silent; while the hilarity of the Swedes was heightened by the bottles of Tokay which they emptied at dinner. The elder officers forgot

146 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

their years, and joked the younger on their
amours at Warsaw.

“Lilienström,” said one of them, “is still in
the dismals; he cannot forget the beautiful Rosalia.”

“Why should I deny it?” rejoined Lilienström, a young and very handsome man. “She is the finest woman I ever beheld : and does not every body admire her?”

“In these sentiments the other officers coincided. The name of Rosalia had a painful effect on Francis; but he mustered courage, and asked, with apparent indifference, “Who is, then, the fair object of your commendations?”

“Rosalia Drebinski,” replied one of the
Swedes.

“If I am not mistaken,” continued Francis,
“the hand of that lady is engaged.”

“Her father,” answered one of the half-in-
toxicated officers, “is said to have forced a
match upon her; but it would be a miracle if
the present suitors were not to supplant the
absent one.” A general laugh succeeded.

Francis, tormented by the most painful uncertainty, passed the following night without sleep. The thought of consulting the magic mirror frequently darted across his brain, but his guardian angel prevented him from carrying it into effect. In a few days the Swedes departed, and Francis was left alone with his

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147

anxiety and his apprehensions. He projected a variety of plans; he thought of proceeding to Warsaw to watch Rosalia, and to remind her of him; but he had no money to defray the expense of such a journey, and to make a suitable appearance in the capital. Ignatius was consulted, and was of opinion that the mirror would be the best adviser. The idea of applying to the mirror frequently occurred, but it was not yet matured into a resolution.

Meanwhile Francis received a visit from the reverend Father Dominic. He loved and respected the aged prior. He was on the point of pouring forth his whole heart before him; but Dominic seemed himself to be deeply dejected, and observed, that man ought to put his trust in God, to look to him alone for happiness, and not to grieve or despair on account of any disappointment of his hopes.

"For heaven's sake, reverend father," cried Francis, turning pale as death, and trembling like an aspen leaf, "have compassion on me; conceal not from me the dreadful intelligence: my heart already tells me that Rosalia is false!"

"No, my son," replied Dominic; "I know nothing of Rosalia. The letter which you gave me for your uncle I sent to France; I hoped to be the messenger of good tidings, but yesterday I received accounts from Paris, informing me

N

148. THE MAGIC MIRROR.

that your uncle has fallen in battle. Not a
word is said concerning his property, but the
writer merely states, that I shall be apprized of
farther particulars by the general's aid-de-camp,
a Pole, who has returned to his own country."
Painful as this intelligence was, yet Francis
felt somewhat relieved for the moment. He
had anticipated a more severe misfortune. The
idea of being persecuted by fate, and the pro-
bability of soon hearing that his last hope was
blasted, preyed upon his heart. A feverish
heat drove him to and fro; he knew not what
to do, or where to find rest. In this state of
mind he met Ignatius, and to him he complained
of his distress. "How," cried he, "shall I put
an end to this uncertainty, this infernal tor-
ment?"

"If you only wish to arrive at certainty, you
may do that immediately."

"I understand you; well, be the result what
it will—Fate summons. Come on, then!"

He hastened with the steward to the tower.
Distant lightnings played about the horizon:
the owl screeched, but Francis heeded it not.
According to the directions in the book, he un-
covered the glass, and demanded an answer to
the question—whether Rosalia felt attachment
to any other man than himself? He looked in
the glass—Rosalia, in dishabille, attended by a
maid carrying a light, hurried into a room by

THE MAGIC MIRROR. 149

one door, while a young officer entered it at another, and they clasped each other most tenderly in a mutual embrace. Francis was furious at this sight: he wished for further information, but the mirror could not be consulted oftener than every third night.

The next morning Francis looked extremely pale, and perturbed: Dominic attributing this to his communication, deferred his departure for some days, that he might console and cheer him. He advised Ignatius to send for a physician, which the steward, however, declined doing: and thus arrived the third night, when the mirror was to resolve the question—whether Rosalia would keep up the same connection with the officer which subsisted between them at that time? Both of them appeared in a carriage, attended by two out-riders. “The faithless, perjured woman!” exclaimed Francis; “she is eloping with him!” He was in a state bordering on distraction. In vain did Dominic, who was ignorant of the real cause of his despair, offer all the consolations of religion. At times they seemed to have some effect; but fury and despair soon regained possession of his heart. Dominic then turned to a crucifix which hung in the room. “Father of mercies,” cried he, “send him consolation and save his poor soul.” Francis wildly paced the floor, re-solving to consult the mirror once more, to take

150 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

revenge on his rival, and then to terminate his
life and his misery at once.

At this moment a carriage drove up to the
door, and a servant entered the room.

"Send them away," cried he; "I will not
see any one. I am ill—I am not at home."

The servant returned, saying, that the
strangers insisted on speaking with the master of
the house. "Reverend Father," said Francis,
"rid me of them, I entreat you."

Dominic went. He found a young officer, and
a young lady, whom he recognized at the first
glance. It was Rosalia and her brother. He
told them that Francis was ill, and that it would
be necessary to prepare him for their visit.
Drebinski, therefore, related what follows :—

"On leaving Poland, I entered into the French service, and soon found a kind friend in General Strikowski, who appointed me his aid-de-camp. In a few years, my father desired me, on account of his increasing infirmities, to demand my dismission, and return home to manage his estates. A sense of honour prevented me from complying with this injunction before the end of the campaign, when I received a letter from my sister acquainting me with her betrothal to the nephew of my good general. This intelligence gave us both infinite pleasure. I could not answer her, for the enemy and we were then face to face; a few days afterwards

THE MAGIC MIRROR.

151

an engagement ensued, and the noble Strikowski was mortally wounded. He declared his nephew the heir to his considerable property, of which he ordered me to take charge. As soon as the campaign was over, I resigned my commission and hastened home. It was midnight when I arrived at Warsaw, and drove up to the house of my aunt. The family had retired to rest. Rosalia's maid heard me knock; I mentioned my name; and our joy at meeting again was not to be described. I begged my sister to make the nephew of him, to whom I was under such obligations, happy as speedily as possible by the gift of her hand. She acceded to my request, and has accompanied me hither for the purpose, on the way to my estates."

The eyes of the venerable prior overflowed with tears of joy. All's well, thought he, that ends well. He hastened to Francis to communicate to him the auspicious intelligence; but was astonished at his expressing more horror than gratification. Francis wrung his hands, raised his eyes to heaven, and prostrated himself before the crucifix, while tears streamed down his pallid cheeks. Minutes seemed hours to Rosalia; she could wait no longer, and hastened to Francis, whom, on opening the door, she found on his knees. "Dear, good soul!" cried she, "my thanksgiving shall rise with thine to the throne of God." She fell on her

N 3

152 THE MAGIC MIRROR.

knees beside him—his face became more and more pale, and he sunk senseless on the floor. On coming to himself, he kissed Rosalia's hand and bedewed it with his tears. “O, thou angel of love!” cried he, “I am unworthy of thee!” With profound contrition he then related all that had passed with the magic mirror, and the cruel deception it had practised upon him.

“Where is this accursed instrument?” cried Drebinski: “your uncle enjoined me to see to it, that it should be destroyed.”

“Months,” replied Francis, “would be required, according to the directions in the book, to accomplish this without danger.”

“Whoever,” said Dominic, “believes in him who deprived hell of its power, need not fear its threats.”

Ignatius, and some others of the household, were summoned. They proceeded to the subterranean chamber. Dominic laid hold of the mirror, but was seized by the mummy, whose eyes seemed to roll as they looked at him, while hideous howlings resounded on all sides. The prior, however, wrested the mirror from its grasp, and dashed it in pieces. He caused every thing in the apartment to be burned, and threw the book also into the flames. Alternate horror and rage, joy and shame, had operated with such force on Francis, that he was like one intoxicated. Next morning he was seized

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153

with a violent fever; the physician, summoned
to his aid, declared him in great danger, and in
three days he expired with profound contrition,
amidst the prayers of the pious prior.

This event made the deepest impression on
the susceptible heart of the fair Rosalia, who
had been tenderly attached to the deceased.
The world had lost all charms for her; she
took the veil; and, as abbess of the convent,
she lived to an advanced age, an example of
virtue and piety to all the sisterhood.

Drebinski married happily, and often related
this history to his children and grandchildren,
warning them at the same time against super-
stition. " Be thankful," he would say upon
such occasions, " to the all-wise Being, who has
limited the sphere of mortal vision, and no
doubt from the kindest motives concealed the
future from our view. Strive not, with pre-
sumptuous hand, to draw the veil aside from it,
but, resigned to the will of Providence, seek
your highest felicity in piety and virtue alone."

154

COMFORT IN DEATH.

COMFORT

IN

Death.

[Extracted from the Papers of Colonel L—.]

My death-bed was surrounded by those who were dear to me. At the head sat sobbing my young wife, Amelia; my friend Albert, captain in the —th dragoons, held my feeble hand, and among many military imprecations, words of comfort occasionally dropped from his bearded lips. Julia, the beloved bequest of my first wife, walked to and fro wringing her hands, while some aged aunts, with pious ejaculations, opened the way for me to heaven. “Grieve not, my dear wife,” said I, mustering all my little store of resignation; “we demi-angels fare in death like the phoenix. We perish here on this

COMFORT IN DEATH.

dark earth to rise the more gloriously in the region
of light. I have read too, an excellent work on
the subject of meeting again beyond the grave;
and am certain you would derive great comfort
from the perusal of it when I am gone—you
will find it in my desk.”—“Talking fatigues
you, sweetheart,” sighed Amelia. “Your af-
fection, dearest, spreads a carpet of roses over
my yawning grave: and if spirits can remember
what has happened to them in this mortal state,
I will not forget this tenderness.”—“You break
my heart.”—“Apply to it the balm of resigna-
tion: in such wounds as these the released soul
rejoices—And now my dear daughter, Julia!
—”—“O, gracious God! my father! my dear
father!”—“Distress not yourself, my dear child,
because inexorable fate beckons me away.
Though but my step-daughter, you have reared
many a flower for me in the garden of life: you
have made it your study to gratify my humours
and propensities, and may the Almighty reward
you with as large a portion of internal happi-
ness as I bequeath you of external prosperity!”
—“Gracious heaven! may the last moment of
my father’s life be my last moment too!”—“Be
not rash, child; dying is not a *polonaise*—had I
time I could read you a useful lecture on that
head—as it is, I must be content to give you
my cordial blessing. May you be united to a
virtuous man, and have as much joy in your

156 COMFORT IN DEATH.

little-ones as I have received from you!”—The
girl sunk half swooning, and Martha, the maid-
servant, herself blubbering all the while, sup-
ported her as with tottering step she quitted
the room. Amelia followed them.

“Now we are alone, I have a word to say to
you, my old comrade and companion. Though
I was indeed dashing about on my father’s fa-
favourite charger, while you were riding on your
nurse’s knee, and had made many a campaign
before you fleshed your maiden sword; still the
quarter of a century that we have passed to-
gether has bound our hearts closely to one ano-
ther. More than once I rescued you from the
rude clutches of the French and the Turks, and
might justly demand some return for these ser-
vices; but probably my hours are already num-
bered. One thing, however, Albert I must re-
quire of you. When I see the tears of my dear
Amelia, when I reflect on her unbounded affec-
tion for me, notwithstanding the disparity of
our ages, and that to me she sacrificed the bloom
of her youth, the pangs of death are infinitely
aggravated. Promise me, my best friend, my
Albert, to be a friend to my poor wife, when I
shall be no more!”—The captain’s mustachios
quivered convulsively; and turning aside his
head, while his hand closely pressed mine, he
stammered forth, “I will.”

At that moment the object of my solicitude

COMFORT IN DEATH.

157

re-entered the chamber with two friends of our
family. A kind of stupor seized me. When I
came to myself again, I perceived that my whole
body was paralysed. I attempted to speak, but
my tongue refused its office; I tried to move a
hand, a leg, to nod my head, but all in vain: I
was as helpless as a marble statue. The horrors
of death took possession of me, and I com-
mended my soul to my Creator. But, what was
very singular, notwithstanding this general
paralysis, I could both see and hear quite dis-
tinctly. “He’s dying! he’s dying!” shrieked
Amelia, and fell fainting into Albert’s arms.
“God be merciful to his soul!” ejaculated the
lady visitor, dropping on her knees. “And
receive him into his everlasting kingdom!” re-
sponded the gentleman who accompanied her,
kneeling softly down on his India silk pocket-
handkerchief, lest he should soil his snow-white
trowsers. “Farewell, old boy,” cried Albert,
who had meanwhile deposited Amelia on a
sopha, closing my eyes with his heavy dragoon
fist. “My dear, kind master!—My father!
my dear father!”—were the exclamations that
burst, intermingled with sobs, from the adjoin-
ing apartment. The folding-door flew open and
in rushed Martha, roaring, and Julia like one
distracted. The two aunts, who wafted my
soul to heaven with a thousand texts of scrip-
ture, now desisted from their prayers, and

158 COMFORT IN DEATH.

joined the howling chorus which old Martha
and my Julia had commenced.

Having thus brought the history of my life to
a conclusion, I would fain submit to the indul-
gent reader a little specimen of auto-necrology.
Such a communication indeed is rather uncommon;
but the very curiosity of the thing will, I
flatter myself, obtain it a perusal.

As the younger branch of a respectable family,
I had no other choice than to carve out a for-
tune with my sword. In the space of twenty
years I had deprived many a mother of her
son, many a wife of her husband, and many a
damsel of her lover. I was adorned with ten
wounds and the insignia of an order, and had
plundered Christians and Turks of as much
money as I wanted, when I determined to re-
pose upon the laurels with which my grateful
country had presented me. I joined the banners
of peace with the rank of colonel, and if I have
since spilled blood, it is only the beasts of the
field and the birds of the air that have any right
to complain of me. When I had established
myself quite snugly as I thought, there came
the blind archer and threw down the gauntlet
a second time to the old soldier. As a dead
man, as one who had done with all the passions
and foibles of mortality, I was now aware that,
in this case, I ought to have armed myself with
prudence, and repelled the attacks of love with

COMFORT IN DEATH.

reason; but an old heart, like rotten wood, easily takes fire. I had indeed some excuse, for my Amelia was an angel; she was one of those figures which a man would gladly steal away from the chef-d'œuvres of the great masters and animate with the half of his own life: and so I stole her away from the Eden of her youth and transplanted her into my Sahara. Yet I never had reason to repent this unequal match; she was a model of every virtue, like my step-daughter, Julia, and my bosom-friend Albert; and such was the state of things till my happy exit.

In itself, indeed, it was happy enough—but then the dread of something after death! There I lay, a living corpse, ready to be dished up for the worms! Gracious heaven! after dying, what mortal anguish had I still to endure! All the stories of martyrs and the tortures of the inquisition occurred to my mind. I fancied that I saw myself consigned to the gloom of the grave, while in the back-ground gaunt famine extended his skinny claws to seize me. How gladly would I now have consented to be impaled by the Turks—a kind of death to which I had formerly felt a peculiar dislike!

From these comfortable meditations I was roused by a voice near me, asking—"But is he really dead?" It was my wife's. "Why, he is not cold yet," rejoined a deep bass, which I recognized as my friend Albert's; "but, thank

160 COMFORT IN DEATH.

God, he is certainly dead.”—“ Let him alone;
he’ll get cold fast enough I warrant,” replied
my Amelia, while I felt as if a thousand pair
of red-hot tongs were recalling me to life. “He
has been in our way too long,” said Albert.
“ But, fortunately,” answered Amelia, “he
was as simple and unsuspicious as a child.”—
“ Now I shall not be crossed any more by the
old fellow.”—“ Now we shall have no occasion
to steal our interviews!” And as duets fre-
quently terminate in one general accord, so a
hearty smack formed the conclusion of this to
me most interesting dialogue.

Every one who is still in the enjoyment of
life will easily conceive how these ardent effu-
sions of the heart must have revolted me, though
a corpse. I wished that I was, if not the devil
himself, at least some goblin, that I might put
to the rout these reptiles who had been thus
preying upon my vitals. And this was my
Amelia, whom I had considered as the ne plus
ultra of conjugal fidelity—she, even she!—Alas!
unhappy corpse! it was in this state of non-
existence that I had to drain the bitterest cup
of fate!

While I was thus enduring unutterable tor-
ments, these models of conjugal affection and
friendship had retired arm-in-arm, and I heard
frequent repetitions of the accord already de-
scribed, than which the sound of the last trump

COMFORT IN DEATH.

161

would not have given me a greater shock. Amid this conflict with despair, the door again opened, and my step-daughter, Julia, entered. Now, thought I, oil will be poured into thy smarting wounds; thou wilt be released from the rack, and soothed into oblivion of thy past anguish! Julia advanced softly to my bed, took my hand, and with theatrical pathos and gesticulation, exclaimed:—"There he lies, the cold domestic tyrant, who sported so unfeelingly with my happiness! What now avail all your efforts to dislodge the ever dear cornet from my heart! Mine he was, mine wholly, and mine he continued to be, in spite of you, poor dupe! You would have affirmed my innocence with a thousand oaths, for it was yourself who taught me to act the hypocrite, by your absurd mixture of severity and preposterous indulgence." I now felt her hand groping under my pillow. "Cursedly provoking!" cried she, "my step-mother has been too sharp for me. I want the money sadly too! How it would have delighted my cornet!" She then retired muttering out of the room.

Every man who has spirit enough to show a becoming resentment when his feelings are outraged, will be sensible, how much more comfortable St. Simon felt under the saw of the heathen, than I, whose heart was racked with all the torments of at least a hundred martyrs.

162 COMFORT IN DEATH.

A good old adage—but what care our modern
times about such things—teaches, that we ought
to say nothing but what is good concerning
the dead: I was doomed, on the contrary, to
listen to two effusions, either of which, singly,
would have been sufficient to make many a
dead man rise from his grave. It would have
been no wonder if a sudden apoplexy had killed
me a second time.

In this unenviable state I lay for many hours,
during which, according to soldiers' custom, I
sometimes prayed and sometimes cursed in my
throbless heart, when I heard the door again
open and something creep quite softly to my
bed-side. It raised itself up, snuffled and
whined: it was my old faithful Sancho, who at
last sprang up to me, and licked my cold cheeks
and lips. Then, thought I to myself, there is
at least one creature in the world that loves me,
and heaved, in imagination, a profound sigh,
as I added—and that an irrational one, a crea-
ture doomed to annihilation! With hunger and
numberless stripes I trained him to his toilsome
occupation; I have forced him to pursue the
fleet game over the highest mountains and
through trackless valleys, and yet his canine
heart is more affectionately attached to me, than
the human heart of a wife and of a daughter,
on whom my kindness and my love were so la-
vishly poured forth. Ah, my good Sancho,

COMFORT IN DEATH.

could I but recover that life which I have lost,
thou shouldst not want any attention that I
could bestow on thee!”

During these reflections, a mist obscured my
sight, and I cheerfully commended my spirit to
him who gave it, when suddenly, the chains
that bound me were dissolved, and I recovered
the use of my senses and of my bodily faculties.
The rage and joy that, like a magnetic torrent,
now pervaded my inmost soul, conferred a vi-
gour which surpassed all my expectations. I
sprung from my couch and snatched up the oak
sapling which was the first object that met my
view, on re-opening my eyes. It will not be dif-
ficult to guess in what manner I applied it.
The panic-stricken captain just reached the
door in time; but I gave full vent to my indig-
nation on his artful paramour, and the abomi-
nable hussy, my step-daughter: I'll warrant
they will not forget my resurrection as long as
they live. This rather unwelcome treat was
the last they partook of in my house; I have
never set eyes on them since. In vain I chal-
lenged my traitorous friend to fight with sword
or pistols—nay, I should not have cared if it
had been with grape-shot—for instead of car-
rying his wretched hide to an honourable market,
he thought fit to be invisible and to exchange
into a distant regiment. Out of respect to the
cloth that I had so long worn with credit, I left

O 3

164 COMFORT IN DEATH.

the scoundrel to those reproaches which will
sometimes overtake even the most hardened
consciences. My Sancho, but for whose attach-
ment I should possibly have been buried alive,
is as fond of me as ever; and I must confess
that I am childish enough to look forward with
anxiety to the moment, that is to deprive me of
the society of the good creature for ever.

165

THE

CONFESSIONAL

THE Marchese Marescotti had lived for seven
years in the happiest union with his beautiful
wife. It was not a match of convenience, but
the result of mutual affection and regard, though
each was possessed of a considerable fortune.
The Marchese had all the qualities that consti-
tute an amiable man: his only foible was a sus-
picion of the fidelity of the sex, which had taken
root in his mind ever since he was most basely
deceived by the object of his first affections, for
whose constancy he could have pledged his
life: but the Marchesa, a tender, gentle crea-
ture, afforded so little food for this prejudice
against her sex, that her husband began by de-
grees, to have faith in female virtue, and to
place almost implicit confidence in his wife.

166 THE CONFESSIONAL.

A boy, six years old, bound the parents still more closely together; and in all Genoa there was not a happier couple. Their felicity seemed to rest on a permanent basis, when an unexpected accident reminded them that in this world there is no joy without sorrow; no happiness without affliction.

The Marchesa had been brought up by her mother in the profoundest reverence for religion, and conscientiously performed all the duties which it imposed: thus she never missed going to confession on the great festivals instituted by the church. One day, being the eve of All Saints, she drove to a chapel about a mile distant from the city, for the purpose of confessing to an aged and venerable ecclesiastic, who was in high repute throughout all Genoa for his piety and rigid virtue. On her arrival, the chapel was so thronged with persons who had come thither with the same intent as herself, that the Marchesa foresaw she was likely to be detained some hours before she could speak to the confessor; she therefore sent back her servants with the carriage, ordering them to return about seven in the evening, and to tell their master she should be glad if he would fetch her.

The Marchese most cheerfully complied with her wish, and set out for the chapel rather earlier than the time appointed; while the servants stopped at the door, he entered, found the place

THE CONFESSIONAL. 167

quite empty, and heard some one speaking, in
a low tone, in the confessional: on listening he
soon recognized the voice of his wife. He
waited a considerable time, but as the Marchesa
continued so long with the confessor, and con-
sequently must have a great deal to confess;
his unhappy jealousy, which had so long lain
dormant, was all at once awakened, and im-
pelled the Marchese to approach near enough
to overhear what his wife had to say. It began
to be dark, and he softly advanced unperceived
close to the confessional; and as the Marchesa,
under the idea that she was quite alone with
the ecclesiastic, spoke rather louder than at
first, he had no difficulty to hear distinctly the
following words:

"Yes, the young man has a handsome person,
and for upwards of half a year he has passed
some hours every day in my bed-chamber, wait-
ing for opportunities favourable to his passion.
In the evening, while we were at supper, the
girl let him out by a private staircase. I have
dismissed her as I said, and from the motive I
have already mentioned, have not told my hus-
band why I thought fit to discharge her."

This confession struck the ear of the Mar-
chese like a peal of thunder. That fury, Jea-
lousy, took possession of his heart, and in the
first paroxysm of rage he would have dispatched
his guilty wife, regardless of the sacredness of

168 THE CONFESSIONAL.

the place, and the heinousness of the crime,
had not the sacristan at that moment entered.
Recollecting himself, he hurried out of the
chapel, strictly forbidding his servants to in-
form his wife that he had been there, and, im-
pelled by rage and revenge, returned by the
shortest way to Genoa.

A thousand torturing sensations racked his
bosom, and as many horrid plans presented
themselves to his mind. With inexpressible
horror, he saw himself deceived—he, who loved
his wife so tenderly, and who had relied with
such confidence on her virtue. Her image stood
in all its beauty before his heated imagination,
and only served to inflame his revenge. After
a few agonizing minutes his resolution was
fixed. He wrote a few lines to his faithless
wife, informing her he was obliged to go into
the country for a fortnight; then ordered post-
horses, and set out immediately for a solitary
castle, about fifty miles off, inhabited only by
the keeper, the gardener, and the family of his
steward.

No sooner had he arrived, than he sent for
workmen from the nearest village, and ordered
them to affix iron bars to the windows of the
most retired apartments, and to place a turning-
machine in the door of the first room, like those
common in nunneries. When this was done,
he sent a carriage to fetch his wife, desiring

THE CONFESSIONAL.

her, in a letter, to get into it immediately, without saying a word to any one whither she was going, as a matter of the utmost importance rendered profound silence indispensably necessary.

The brevity and the unexpected tenour of the note which the Marchesa had found on her return from confession, had given her some uneasiness, which was greatly increased by this letter; as she could not conceive what sort of change had taken place with her husband, and why she was required to make a secret of her journey. She nevertheless obeved his summons without hesitation.

The carriage at length reached the mysterious castle. The draw-bridge was lowered. She fancied she saw her husband coming to meet her—she was disappointed, and on enquiring where he was, the keeper of the castle replied, that he was in the apartment destined for her reception. She ascended the stone stairs with an anxiety for which she could not account, and was ushered into the room. There stood the pale and gloomy Marchese. She flew to him, and asked, with manifest alarm, “What is the matter, my dear?”—“You know well enough!” replied he in a voice of thunder, pushing her from him, and casting on her a penetrating look. “Indeed I do not!” mildly answered the terrified lady. “Gracious heaven! what can have happened to you?”

274 GREAT BRITAIN.

4. The Widow of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth
   Son of K George III. who died Jan. 23, 1820.

Pr. Maria Louisa Victoria, b. Aug. 17, 1786, d. of Francis, D. of Saxe-Coburg, Widow of her first husband Prince Emich of Leiningen, July 4, 1814.

*Issue.*

Pr. Alexandrina Victoria, b. May, 24, 1819.

5. Augusta Sophia, b. Nov. 8, 1768.

6. The Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg.

7. Ernest Augustus, D. of Cumberland and
   Tiviotdale, Earl of Armagh, b. June 5, 1771,
   m. May 29, 1815, to the

Pr. Frederica Carolina Sophia Alexandrina, d. of Duke Charles of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, b. Mar. 2, 1778. Widow (1) of Pr. Louis of Prussia, and (2) of Pr. Frederic William, of Solms Braunfels.

*Issue.*

Pr. Geo. Frederic Alexander Charles Ernest
Augustus, b. May 27, 1819.

8. Augustus Frederic, Duke of Sussex, Earl of
   Inverness, and Baron of Arklow, b. Jan. 27,
   1773.

9. Adolphus Frederic, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Tipperary, and Baron of Culloden, b. Feb. 24, 1774. Governor of the kingdom of Hanover since Oct. 24, 1816 [Hanover] m. May 7, 1818, to the

Pr. Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa, d. of Fre-
deric, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, b. July
25, 1797.

*Issue.*

Pr.George Frederic William Charles, b. Mar.
26, 1819.

Pr. Augusta Caroline Charlotte Elizabeth
Mary Sophia Louisa, b. July 20, 1822.

ANHALT-DESSAU.

275

10. The Duchess of Gloucester.

11. Sophia, b. Nov. 5, 1777.

*Children of the King's Uncle, William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, who died Aug. 25, 1805.*

1. Sophia Matilda, b. May 23, 1773.

2. William Frederic, b. Jan. 15, 1776, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Earl of Connaught, m. July 12, 1816, to the Pr. Mary, d. of K. George III. b. April 25, 1776.

### ANHALT-DESSAU (Protestant).

Duke Leopold Frederic, b. Oct. 1, 1794, suc. his grandfather, D. Leopold Frederic Francis, Aug. 9, 1817, m. April 18, 1818, to

Frederica Wilhelmina Louisa Amelia, d. of Frederic Louis Charles, Prince of Prussia, b. Sept. 30, 1796.

### Issue.

Pr. Frederica Amelia Augusta, b. Nov. 18, 1819.

### Brothers and Sisters.

1. The reigning Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.

2. Pr. George Bernard, b. Feb. 21, 1796. Major in Austrian service.

3. The Wife of P. Gustavus of Hesse-Homburg.

4. Pr. Frederic Augustus, b. Sept. 23, 1799. Capt. of Cav. in Austrian service.

5. Pr. William Woldemar, b. May 29, 1807.

### Mother.

D. Christiana Amelia, d. of Frederic Louis William Christian, Landgrave of Hesse Homburg, b. June 29, 1774, Widow of Frederic Heredit. Pr. May 27, 1814.

AUSTRIA.

279

Henrietta Alexandrina Frederica, d. of Prince Frederic William, of Nassau Weilburg, b. Oct. 30, 1797.

*Issue.*

1. Archd. Maria Theresa-Isabella, b. July 31, 1816.

2. Archd. Albert Frederic Rudolph, b. Aug. 3, 1817.

3. Archd. Charles Ferdinand, b. July 29, 1818.

4. Archd. Frederic Ferdinand Leopold, b. May 14, 1821.

4. Archd. Joseph Anton John, b. March 9, 1776. Palatine, Governor and Capt. Gen. of Hungary, Gen. Field-Marshal, m. to (1) Alexandrina Pawlowna, d. of the Emperor Paul of Russia, who died March 16, 1801; (2) Hermine, d. of Victor Charles Frederic, Pr. of Anhalt - Bernburg - Schaumburg, Sept. 14, 1807; (3) Aug. 24, 1819, to the

Pr. Maria Dorothea Wilhelmina Carolina, b. Nov. 1, 1797, d. of Louis Frederic Alexander, Duke of Wurtemberg.

*Issue of the Second Marriage.*

1. Hermine Amelia Maria b. Sept. 14, 1817

2. Stephen Francis Victor

*Issue of the Third Marriage.*

3. Elisabeth Caroline Henrietta, b. July 31, 1820.

5. Archd. Anton Victor Joseph John Raymond, b. Aug. 31, 1779, Grand-Master of the Teutonic Order.

6. Archd. John Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian, b. Jan. 10, 1782, Gen. of Cav. Director-Gen. of Engineers and Fortifications.

7. Archd. Rayner Joseph John Michael Francis

A a

BADEN.

281

BADEN (*Protestant*).

Grand-Duke Louis William Augustus, b. Feb. 9, 1763; suc. his Nephew, the Gr.-Duke Charles Louis Frederic, Dec. 8, 1818.

*Widow of the Hered. Pr. Charles Louis,*
*who died Dec. 15, 1801.*

Margravine Amelia Frederica, d. of Louis IX.
Landgr. of Hesse-Darmstadt, b. June 20,
1754, m. July 15, 1774.

*Her Issue.*

1. Pr. Catherine Amelia Christina Louisa, Deaconess of Quedlinburg (b. July 13, 1776).

2. The Queen of Bavaria

3. The Empress Elisabeth, of Russia.

4. Pr. Frederica Dorothea Wilhelmina, b.
   March 12, 1781; m. Oct. 31, 1797, to Gustavus IV. Adolphus, K. of Sweden (separated since, Feb. 1812).

5. The hereditary Grand-Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt.

*Widow of the Grand-Duke Charles Louis*  
*Frederic, who died Dec. 8, 1818.*

Stephanie Louise Adrienne, b. Aug. 28, 1789, adopted by Napoleon, then Emperor of the French, March 4, 1806. (Manheim).

*Her Issue.*

1. Pr. Louise Amelie Stephanie, b. June 5, 1811

2. Pr. Josephine Frederique Louise, b. Oct. 21, 1813.

3. Pr. Marie Amelie Elisabeth Caroline, b.
   Oct. 11, 1817.

BAVARIA.

283

Queen Frederica Wilhelmina Caroline, d. of Charles Louis, hered. Pr. of Baden, b. July 13, 1776.

Issue

a. Of the first marriage with Wilhelmina Augusta, daughter of George, Pr. of Hesse Darmstadt (who died March 30, 1796).

1. Louis Charles Augustus, Prince Royal, b. Aug. 25, 1786; m. Oct. 12, 1810, to the Pr. Theresa Charlotte Louisa, d. of Frederic, reigning Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, b. July 8, 1792. (Würzburg).

Issue.

1. Pr. Maximilian, b. Nov. 28, 1811.

2. Pr. Matilda Caroline Frederica Wilhelmina Charlotte, b. Aug. 30, 1813.

3. Pr. Otho Frederic Louis, b. June 1, 1815.

4. Pr. Leuthold Charles Joseph William Louis, b. March 14, 1821.

2. Pr. Augusta Amelia, b. June 21, 1788, m. Jan. 13, 1806, to Pr. Eugene, then Viceroy of Italy, now Duke of Leuchtenberg and Prince of Eichstätt.

3. The Empress of Austria.

4. Prince Charles Theodore Maximilian Augustus, b. June 7, 1795, Lieut.-gen. in the service of the King.

b. Of the Second Marriage.

5. Pr. Elisabeth Louisa} b. Nov. 12, 1801.

6. Pr. Amelia Augusta {

7. Pr. Frederica Sophia Dorothea } b. Jan. 27,

8. Pr. Maria Anna Leopoldina } 1805.

9. Pr. Louisa Wilhelmina, b. Aug. 30, 1808.

A a 3

284

BAVARIA.

Sisters.

1. Queen of Saxony.

2. Pr. Maria Anna. See First Ducal Branch.
*Widow of the Brother, Duke Charles II.
of Deux-Ponts.

D. Maria Amelia, d. of Christian, Elector of Saxony, b. Sept. 26, 1757. Widow, since April 1, 1795. (Neuberg, on the Danube).

DUCAL BRANCHES.

First, late Palatine of Deux-Ponts-Birkenfeld.

D. William, Duke of Bavaria, Gen. of Infantry in the Bavar. army, b. Nov. 10, 1752, m. Jan. 30, 1780, to

Maria Anna, b. July 18, 1753, d. of Frederic Count Palatine, Prince of Deux-Ponts, and sister to the King. (Bamberg).

Issue.

1. Pr. Mary Elisabeth Amelia, b. May 6, 1784; Widow, June 1, 1815, of Alexandre, Pr. of Wagram, and formerly Pr. of Neufchatel.

2. Pr. Pius Augustus, Lieut.-gen. in the Bavar. army, b. Aug. 1, 1786, m. May 26, 1807, to Amelia Louisa Julia, d. of Louis, Pr. d'Aremberg, b. April 10, 1789. (Driesdorf).

Issue.

Pr. Maximilian Joseph, b. Dec. 4, 1808.

Sister.

Pr. Louisa Christina, b. Aug. 17, 1748. Widow, April 26, 1802, of Henry XXX. Count Reuss of Gera. (Gera).

BRUNSWICK.—DENMARK. 285

Second, late Electoral Palatine of Neuburg
and Sulzbach.

*Widow of the Elector Charles Theodore.*

Maria Leopoldina, d. of the Archd. Ferdinand
of Austria, Duke of Modena-Brisgau, b. Dec.
10, 1776; Widow since Feb. 16, 1799. (Stelt-
berg, near Neuburg).

BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBUTTEL (Protestant).

Duke Charles Frederic Augustus William,
Duke of Brunswick and Oels, b. Oct. 30,
1804; suc. his father, Duke William Frederic,
who fell at the battle of Quatre Bras, June
16, 1815, under the guardianship of the Prince
Regent, now King of Great Britain.

*Brother.*

D. Augustus William Maximilian Frederic
Louis, b. April 25, 1806.

*Grand-Aunt.*

D. Elisabeth Christiana Ulrica, b. Nov. 8, 1746,
m. to Frederic William II. K. of Prussia,
July 14, 1765; separated in 1769.

*Widow of Duke Frederic Charles,*
*of Brunswick-Bevern.*

Anne Caroline, Pr. of Nassau-Saarbrück, b.
Dec. 3, 1751; Widow, April 27, 1809. (Glück-
burg.)

DENMARK (Protestant).

King Frederic VI. b. Jan. 28, 1768; declared
co-regent with his father, K. Christian VII.
April 14, 1784, suc. March 13, 1808; m. July
31, 1790, to the

286

DENMARK—FRANCE.

Queen Maria Sophia Frederica, d. of Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, b. Oct. 28, 1767.

*Issue.*

1. Caroline, Pr. Royal, b. Aug. 28, 1793.

2. Pr. Wilhelmina Maria, b. Jan. 17, 1808.

*Sister.*

The Princess Dowager of Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.

Aunt, Daughter of K. Frederic V. and Louisa, Princess of Great Britain.

The Wife of the Landgrave Charles, of Hesse-Cassel.

*Issue of the Uncle, the hereditary Prince Frederic (died Dec. 7, 1805) and Sophia Frederica, Duch. of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.*

1. Pr. Christian Frederic, b. Sept. 18, 1786; proclaimed K. of Norway, May 19, 1814, abdicated Aug. 15, the same year; m. May 22, 1815, to his second wife,

Caroline Amelia, d. of Duke Frederic Christian, of Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, b. June 28, 1796.

*Issue of the First Marriage with Charlotte Frederica, Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.*

Pr. Frederic Charles Christian, b. Oct. 6, 1808.

2. Pr. Julia Sophia. See Hesse-Philipsthal-Barchfeld.

3. Pr. Louisa Charlotte. See Hesse-Cassel.

4. Pr. Frederic Ferdinand, Maj.-gen. in the Danish army, b. Nov. 22, 1792.

FRANCE (Catholic).

King Louis XVIII. Stanislas Xavier, b. Nov. 17, 1755, King since June 8, 1795, m. Marie

FRANCE.

287

Josephine Louise, d. of Victor Amedeus III.
K. of Sardinia, who died Nov. 13, 1810.

### Brother.

Pr. Charles Philippe de France (MONSIEUR) b.
Oct. 9, 1757, m. Marie Therese, d. of Victor
Amedeus III. K. of Sardinia, who died June
2, 1805.

### Issue.

Louis Antoine, Duc d'Angoulême, b. Aug. 6,
1775, m. June 10, 1799, to

Marie Therese Charlotte, d. of K. Louis XVI.
b. Dec. 19, 1778.

The Widow of the second son Charles Ferdinand,
Duc de Berry, dec. Feb. 14, 1820.

Caroline Ferdinand Louise, d. of Francis Ja-
nuarius, Pr. Royal of Naples, b. Nov. 5, 1798.

### Issue.

1. Louise Marie Therese, Mademoiselle d'Artois,
b. Sept. 12, 1819.

2. Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné
d'Artois, Duc de Bordeaux, b. Sept. 29, 1820.

Daughter of K. Louis XVI. Brother to the King.
Duchesse d'Angoulême. See above.

## I. BRANCH OF ORLEANS.

Duc Louis Philippe, b. Oct. 6, 1773; m. Nov.
25, 1809, to

Marie Amelie, d. of Ferdinand IV. K. of Naples,
b. April 26, 1782.

### Issue.

1. Pr. Ferdinand Philippe Louis Charles Henri,
Duc de Chartres, b. Sept. 3, 1810.

288 FRANCE.—HESSE-CASSEL.

2. Pr. Louise Marie Therese Charlotte Isabelle, Mademoiselle d'Orleans, b. Apr. 3, 1812.

3. Pr. Marie Christine Caroline Adelaide Françoise Leopoldine, Mademoiselle de Valois, b. April 12, 1813.

4. Pr. Louis Charles Philippe Raphael, Duc de Nemours, b. Oct. 25, 1814.

5. Pr. Marie Clementine Caroline Leopoldine Clotilde, Mademoiselle de Beaujolais, b. June 3, 1817.

6. Pr. François Ferdinand Philippe Louis Marie, Pr. de Joinville, b. Aug. 14, 1818.

7. Pr. Charles Ferdinand Louis Philippe Emmanuel, Duc de Penthèvre, b. Jan. 1, 1820.

8. Pr. Henri Eugène Philippe Louis, Duc d'Aumale, b. Jan. 16, 1822.

Sister.

Pr. Eugenie Adelaide Louise, Mademoiselle d'Orleans, b. Aug. 23, 1777.

II. BRANCH OF BOURBON-CONDE.

Pr. Louis Henry Joseph, Duc de Bourbon, b. April 13, 1756, son of Pr. Louis Joseph de Condé, dec. May 13, 1818, and of the Princess Charlotte de Rohan-Soubise, dec. March 4, 1760; Widower Jan 10, 1822, by death of Louise Marie Therese Mathilde d'Orleans, from whom he separated in 1780.

Sister.

Pr. Louise Adelaide, b. Oct. 5, 1757.

HANOVER (Protestant).

See Great Britain.

HESSE-CASSEL (Protestant).

SOVEREIGN LINE.

Elector William II. b. July 23, 1777, suc. his

HESSE-CASSEL.

289

father the Elector William I, Feb. 27, 1821,
m. Feb. 13, 1797, to

Frederica Catherine Augusta, Electress, d. of
K. Frederic William II. of Prussia, b. May
1, 1780.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Caroline Frederica Wilhelmina, b. July 29, 1799.

2. Pr. Frederic William, b. Aug. 20, 1802.

3. Pr. Maria Frederica Wilhelmina Christiana, b. Sept. 6, 1804.

*Sisters of the Elector.*

1. The Duchess of Anhalt-Bernburg.

2. The Duchess-dowager of Saxe-Gotha.

*Uncles, Brothers of the Elector William I.*

1. Landgr. Charles, b. Dec. 19, 1744, Field-
   marshal of the Danish army and Governor of
   the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein (Got-
   torp) m. Aug. 30, 1766, to

Louisa, d. of Frederic V. K. of Denmark, b.
Jan. 30, 1750.

*Issue.*

1. The Queen of Denmark.

2. Pr. Frederic, b. May 24, 1771, Gen. of Inf.
in the Danish service, and Governor of
Rendsborg.

3. Julia Louisa Amelia, Abbess of Itzehoe, b.
   Jan. 19, 1773.

4. The Duchess of Holstein-Beck.

2. Landgr. Frederic, b. Sept. 11, 1747, m. Dec.
   2, 1786 to

Caroline Polixena, d. of Pr. Charles William of
Nassau-Usingen, b. Apr. 4, 1762.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. William, b. Dec. 24, 1787, Maj. Gen. in
Danish service, m. Nov. 10. 1810 to

290 HESSE-PHILIPSTHAL.

Louisa Charlotte, d. of Frederic, heredit. Prince
of Denmark, b. Oct. 30, 1789.

*Issue.*

1. Caroline Frederica Maria Wilhelmina, b.
   Aug. 15, 1811.

2. Maria Louisa Charlotte, b. May 9, 1814.

3. Louisa Wilhelmina Frederica Caroline
   Augusta Julia, b. Sept. 7, 1817.

4. Frederic William George Adolphus, b.
   Nov. 26, 1820.

2. Pr. Frederic William, b. April 24, 1790,
   Major-gen. in Prussian service.

3. Pr. George Charles, b. Jan. 14, 1793, Colonel
   in the Prussian service,

4. Pr. Louisa Caroline Maria Frederica, b.
   April 9, 1794.

5. The Grand-Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

6. The Duchess of Cambridge. See Gr. Britain.

YOUNGER LINES.

HESSE-PHILIPSTHAL (*Protestant*).
(*Philipsthal*).

Landgr. Ernest Constantine, b. Aug. 8, 1771,
m. Feb. 17, 1812 to his second wife, the
Pr. Caroline Wilhelmina Ulrica Eleonora, d. of
his brother, Pr. Charles. See below.

*Issue of the first marriage with Christiana Louisa, d. of Pr. Charles of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, dec. Dec. 25, 1808.*

1. Pr. Ferdinand, b. Oct. 15, 1799, Capt. of Cav. in Austrian service.

2. Pr. Charles, b. May 22, 1803, First Lieutenant.

3. Pr. Francis Augustus, b. Jan. 26, 1805, Sub-lieutenant.

HESSE-PHILIPSTHAL.

291

*Issue of the second Marriage.*

4. Pr. Victoria Emilia Alexandrina, b. Dec. 28, 1812.

5. Pr.........

*Daughter of the Brother, Prince Charles, dec. Jan. 2, 1793, and Victoria, Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg.*

Pr. Caroline Wilhelmina Ulrica Eleonora, b. Feb. 10, 1793, m. to Pr. Ernest, of this house.
See above.

*Daughter of the Brother of the Landgrave Louis, dec. at Naples, Feb. 15, 1816.*

Pr. Maria Carolina, b. Jan. 14, 1793.

## HESSE-PHILIPSTHAL-BARCHFELD (Protestant).
(Barchfeld).

*Issue of Adolphus, Landrave of Hesse-Philipsthal-Barchfeld, and Louisa of the house of Saxe-Meiningen.*

1. Pr Charles Augustus Philip Louis, Maj. Gen. in the service of the Elector of Hesse, b. June 27, 1784; Widower June 8, 1821, by dec. of Augusta Charlotte Frederica Sophia Amelia, d. of Frederic Louis, Pr. of Hohenlohe-Oehringen.

*Issue.*

Pr. Bertha Wilhelmina Caroline Louisa Maria, b. Oct. 26, 1818.

2. Pr. Frederic William Charles Louis, b. Aug. 10, 1786, Maj. Gen. in Danish service, m. Aug. 22, 1812, to

Julia Sophia, d. of Frederic, hered. Pr. of Denmark, b. Feb. 18, 1788.

3. Pr. Ernest Frederic William, Maj. Gen. in Russian service, b. Jan. 28, 1789

B b

292 HESSE-DARMSTADT.

HESSE-ROTHENBURG (Catholic).

(Rothenburg.)

Langr. Victor Amedeus, b. Sept. 2, 1779, m.
Sept. 10, 1812, to his second wife, the

Pr. Elisabeth Eleonora Charlotte, d. of Pr.
Charles Louis, of Hohenlohe-Langenburg,
b. Nov. 21, 1790.

Sister.

P. Leopoldina Clotilda, b. Sept. 12, 1787. See
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein.

Mother.

Maria Leopoldina Adelgonda, d. of Francis
Joseph, Pr. of Liechtenstein, b. Jan. 30,
1754; Widow of Langr. Charles Emanuel,
March 23, 1812.

Aunt.

Pr. Maria Antonietta Frederica Josephina,
b. May 31, 1753, Canoness of the secularised
Chapter of Thorn.

HESSE-DARMSTADT (Protestant).

I. GRAND-DUCAL LINE.

Grand-Duke Louis, b. June 14, 1753, suc. his
father, the Landgr. Louis IX, April 6, 1790;
assumed the title of Grand-Duke, Aug. 13,
1806; m. Feb. 19. 1777, to

Louisa Caroline Henrietta, Grand-Duchess, d.
of the Landgr. George William, of this house,
b. Feb. 15, 1761.

Issue.

1. Louis, hered. Gr. Duke, b. Dec. 26, 1777, m. June 19, 1804, to Wilhelmina Louisa, d. of the late Charles Louis, hered. Pr. of Baden, b. Sept. 10, 1788.

HESSE-HOMBURG.

293

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Louis, b. June 9, 1806.

2. Pr. Charles William Louis, b. Ap. 23, 1809.

3. Pr. Amelia Elizabeth Louisa Carolina Frederica Wilhelmina, b. May 20, 1821.

2. Pr. Louis George Charles Frederic Ernest, b. Aug. 31, 1780 ; m. Jan. 29, 1804, to

Caroline Ottilia, Pr. of Nidda, of the family of Töreck von Zeudrö, b. April 23, 1786.

*Issue.*

Louise Charlotte Georgina Wilhelmina, Pr. of Nidda, b. Nov. 11, 1804.

3. Pr. Frederic Augustus Charles Antony Paul Maximilian Christian Louis, b. May 14, 1788.

4. Pr. Emil Maximilian Leopold Augustus Charles, b. Sept. 3, 1790.

*Brother and Sisters.*

1. The Dowager Margravine of Baden.

2. The Grand-Duchess of Saxe-Weimar.

3. Pr. Christian Louis, Landgrave, b. Nov. 25, 1763.

*Issue of the uncle, Pr. George William, dec. June 21, 1782, and the Countess Maria Louisa Albertina, of Leiningen-Heidesheim, dec. March 11, 1818.*

1. Pr. Louis George Charles, b. Mar. 27, 1749.

2. Pr. George Charles, b. June 24, 1754.

3. The Grand-Duchess. See above.

## II. YOUNGER LINE.

HESSE-HOMBURG (*Protestant*).

Landgr. Frederic Joseph Louis, sovereign Landgr. b. July 30, 1769 ; suc. his father the

294 HESSE-HOHENZOLLERN.

Landgr. Frederic Louis, Jan. 20, 1820; m. April 7, 1818, to Elizabeth, d. of George III. K. of Great Britain, b. May 22, 1770.

Brothers and Sisters.

1. Pr. Louis William, b. Aug. 29, 1770; Lieut. Gen. in Prussian service; m. Aug. 2, 1804, to Augusta Amelia, d. of Augustus, D. of Nassau-Usingen. (Separated.)

2. The Princess-Dowager of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.

3. The Duchess-Dowager of Anhalt-Dessau.

4. The Hered. Grand-Duchess Dowager of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

5. Pr. Philip Augustus Frederic, b. March 11, 1779; Lieut. Field-Marshal in Aust. service.

6. Pr. Gustavus Adolphus Frederic, b. Feb. 17, 1781; Maj. Gen. in Austrian service; m. Feb. 12, 1818, to

Louisa Frederica, d. of Leopold Frederic Francis, hered. Pr. of Anhalt-Dessau, b. March 1, 1798.

Issue.

Pr. Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, b. March 19, 1819.

7. Pr. Ferdinand Henry Frederic, b. April 26, 1783; Maj. Gen. in Austrian service.

8. The wife of Prince William of Prussia.

HOHENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN (Catholic).

Pr. Frederic Herrmann Otho, b. July 22, 1776; suc. his father, Pr. Herrmann Frederic Otho, Nov. 2, 1810; m. April 26, 1800, to

Maria Louisa Paulina, d. of Duke Peter of Courland and Sagan, b. Feb. 19, 1782.

Issue.

Pr. Frederic William Herrmann Constantine, hered. Pr. b. Feb. 16, 1801.

HOHENZOLLERN.

295

Sisters.

*Issue of the first marriage of Pr. Herrmann Frederic Otho, with Louisa Julia Constantia, Countess of Merode-Westerloo, (dec. in 1774.)*

1. Pr. Louisa Julia Constantia, b. Nov. 1, 1774; m. to Francis Xavier Fischler, Baron von Treuberg, Privy Councillor of the D. of Saxe-Coburg.

*Issue of the third marriage of the same Prince, with Maria Monica, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil-Wurzach, (dec. Oct. 25, 1814.)*

2. Pr. Maria Antonietta Philippina, b. Feb. 8. 1781; wife of Count Louis of Waldburg-Capustigal.

3. Pr. Maximiliana Antonietta, b. Nov. 30, 1787; Mar. (1) to Everhard, C. of Waldburg-Zeil-Wurzach; (2) to Joseph, C. of Lodron, Maj. in the Bavarian service, Nov. 17, 1817.

4. Pr. Josephine, b. May 14, 1790, m. Aug. 31, 1811, to Ladislaus Count Festitics von Tolna.

*Uncle and Aunt.*

1. Pr. Francis Xavier, b. May 21, 1757, Gen. of Cav. in Austrian service, m. Jan. 22, 1787, to

Maria Theresa, by birth Countess of Wildenstein, b. June 24, 1763.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Frederic Anton, b. Nov. 3, 1790.

2. Pr. Frederica Julia, b. Mar. 27, 1792.

3. Pr. Frederica Josephina, b. July 7, 1795.

2. Pr. Felicité Therese, b. Dec. 18, 1763, m. to Count Hoen of Neufchateau.

*Dowager of the Great Uncle, Pr. Frederic Anton, (dec. Feb. 26, 1812.)*

Ernestina Josephina, d. of Count Felix of Sobeck and Kornitz, b. Jan. 21, 1753.

B b 3

296

## HOHENZOLLERN.

### Her Issue.

1. Pr. Joseph William Frederic, bish. of Var-mia, b. Mar. 20, 1776.

2. Pr. Herrmann, b. July 2, 1777, m. July 29, 1805, to Caroline, by birth Baroness of Weyher.

### Issue.

Pr. Louisa Wilhelmina Ernestina Ida, b. Jan. 1807.

3. Pr. John Charles, b. May 16, 1782, Lieut. Col. in Bavarian service.

### Grand Uncle.

Pr. Meinrad, b. June 20, 1730, Canon of the Chapters of Cologne and Augsburg.

### HOHENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN (Catholic).

Pr. Anton Aloys Meinrad Francis, b. June 20, 1762, suc. his father Dec. 26, 1785, m. Aug. 12, 1782, to

Pr. Amelia Zephyrina, d. of Philip Joseph, Pr. of Salm-Kyrburg, b. Mar. 6, 1760.

### Issue.

Charles Anton, hered. Pr. b. Feb. 20, 1785, m. Feb. 4, 1808, to the

Pr. Antoinette Murat, b. Jan. 5, 1793.

### Issue.

1. Pr. Annonciada Carolina Joachima Antoni-etta Amelia, b. June 7, 1810.

2. Pr. Charles Anton Joachim Zephyrin Fre-deric Meinrad, b. Sept. 7, 1811.

3. Pr. Amelia Antonietta Caroline Adriana, b. April 30, 1815.

4. Pr. Frederica Wilhelmina, b. Mar. 24, 1820.

### Sister.

Pr. Maria Crescentia Anna Joanna Francisca, b. July 24, 1766.

HOLSTEIN-AUGUSTENBURG. 297

HOLSTEIN.

I. HOLSTEIN-SONDERBURG.

1. BRANCH OF AUGUSTENBURG (Protestant).
(Augustenburg.)

Duke Christian Charles Frederic Augustus, b.
July 19, 1798; suc. his father, June 14, 1814;
declared of age, July 19, 1816; Lieut. Col. in
the Danish service, m. Sep. 18, 1820, to

Louisa, d. of the Count of Danneskiold-Samsöe,
b. Sept. 22, 1796.

Issue.

Alexander Frederic William Christian Charles
Augustus, hered. Pr. b. July 20, 1821.

Mother.

Louisa Augusta, d. of Christian VII. K. of
Denmark, b. July 7, 1771, widow of Duke
Frederic Christian, June 24, 1814.

Brother and Sister.

1. The wife of Prince Christian Frederic of
Denmark.

2. Pr. Frederic Augustus Emilius, b. Aug. 13,
1800; Lieut. Col. in Danish service.

Uncle.

Pr. Frederic Charles Emilius, b. March 8, 1767;
Lieut. Gen. in Danish service; m. Sept. 29,
1801, to

Sophia Eleonora, d. of Baron Scheel, formerly
minister of state to the K. of Denmark, b.
Dec. 26, 1778.

Issue.

1. Pr. Frederic Augustus Emilius, b. Feb. 3,
   1802.

2. Pr. Charlotte Louisa Dorothea Josephina, b.
   Jan. 24, 1803.

3. Pr. Paulina Victoria Anna Wilhelmina, b.
   Feb. 9, 1804.

298

HOLSTEIN-BECK.

4. Pr. George Eric, b. Mar. 14, 1805.

5. Pr. Henry Charles Woldemar, b. Oct. 13, 1810.

6. Pr. Amelia Eleonora Sophia Carolina, b.
Jan. 9, 1813.

7. Pr. Sophia Bertha Clementina Augusta, b.
Jan. 30, 1815.

## 2. BRANCH OF BECK.

Duke Frederic William Paul Leopold, Maj.
Gen. in Danish service, b. June 5, 1785; suc.
March 25, 1816, m. Jan. 26, 1810 to the
Pr. Louisa Caroline, d. of Charles, Landgrave
of Hesse-Cassel, b. Sept. 28, 1789.

### Issue.

1. Pr. Louisa Maria Frederica, b. Oct. 23, 1810.

2. Pr. Frederica Caroline Julia, b. Oct. 9, 1811.

3. Pr. Charles, b. Sept. 30, 1812.

4. Pr. Frederic, b. Oct. 23, 1814.

5. Pr. William, b. April 19, 1816.

6. Pr. Christian, b. April 8, 1818.

7. Pr. Louisa, b. Nov. 18, 1820.

### Sister.

Pr. Elizabeth Frederica Sophia Amelia Char-
lotte, b. Dec. 13, 1780; widow Feb. 25, 1808,
of Bar. Gottlob Samuel von Richthofen.

### Mother.

D. Frederica Amelia, d. of Leopold C. von
Schlieben, b. Feb. 28, 1757; widow of Duke
Frederic Charles Louis, March 25, 1816.

## II. HOLSTEIN-GLUCKSBURG (Protestant).

*Sister of the last Duke Frederic Henry William,*
*dec. March 13, 1779.*

Pr. Julia Wilhelmina, b. April 30, 1754; widow
Aug. 20, 1817, of Geldric Louis William,
Prince of Bentheim-Steinfurt.

HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP.

299

HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP (Protestant).

I. ELDER BRANCH. See Russia.

II. YOUNGER BRANCH.

(The posterity of the three sons of Christian Augustus, Duke and Bishop of Lübeck, dec. 1726.)

A. Descendants of K. Adolphus Frederic of Sweden. See that article.

B. Son of Duke Frederic Augustus, Bishop of Lübeck, and reigning Duke of Oldenburg, dec. July 6, 1785.

Duke Peter Frederic William, b. Jan. 3, 1754; suc. his father, Duke Frederic Augustus, Bishop of Lübeck, July 6, 1785, under the regency of his cousin, Duke Peter Frederic Louis. (Ploen.)

C. Descendants of Duke George Louis, dec. Sept. 7, 1763.

Duke Peter Frederic Louis, b. Jan. 17, 1755; elected Coadjutor of the Bishopric of Lübeck, Sept. 16, 1776; suc. as Bishop of Lübeck and reigning Administrator of the Duchy of Oldenburg, 1785; since 1802 reigning hereditary prince; widower, Nov. 24, 1785, by death of Frederica Elizabeth Amelia, d. of Frederic Eugene, Duke of Wurtemberg.

*Issue.*

Pr. Paul Frederic Augustus, hered. Pr. b. July 13, 1783; Lieut. Gen. of Inf. in Russian service; widower, Sept. 13, 1820, by death of Adelaide, d. of Victor Charles Frederic, Pr. of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Maria Frederica Amelia, b. Dec. 21, 1818.

2. Pr. Eliz. Maria Frederica, b. June 8, 1820.

300

LIECHTENSTEIN.

*Issue of the second Son, Pr. Peter Frederic George,*
*(dec. Dec. 27, 1812,) and the Grand-Duchess
*Catherine of Russia, since Queen of Würtem-
berg, dec. Jan. 9, 1819.*

1. Pr. Fred. Paul Alexander, b. Aug. 30, 1810.

2. Pr. Constantine Fred. Peter, b. Aug. 26, 1812.

LIECHTENSTEIN (Catholic).

Pr. John Joseph, b. June 26, 1760; Field-Marshal in the Austrian service; suc. his brother, Pr. Aloys Joseph, March 24, 1805; m. April 12, 1792, to the

Pr. Josephina Sophia, d. of the Landgr. Joachim
Egon, of Furstenberg-Weytra, b. June 20,
1776.

Issue.

1. Aloys Maria Joseph, hered. Pr. b. May 25, 1796.

2. Pr. Maria Sophia, b. Sept. 5, 1798, m. Aug. 4, 1817, to Vincent Count Esterhazy of Galantha, Chamberlain and Lieut. Col. in the Austrian service.

3. Pr. Maria Josephina, b. Jan. 11, 1800.

4. Pr. Francis de Paule Joachim, b. Feb. 25, 1802; Lieut.

5. Pr. Charles John Nepomuk Anton, b. June 14, 1803.

6. Pr. Henrietta, b. April 1, 1806.

7. Pr. Frederic, b. Sept. 21, 1807; Lieut.

8. Pr. Edward Francis Louis, b. Feb. 22, 1809.

9. Pr. Augustus Ignatius, b. April 22, 1810.

10. Pr. Ida Leopoldina Sophia Maria Josephina Frances, b. Sept. 12, 1811.

11. Pr. Rodolpha, b. Oct. 5, 1816.

Sisters.

1. Dowager Landgr. of Hesse-Rotenburg.

LIECHTENSTEIN.

301

Pr. Maria Josephina Hermengilda, b. April 13, 1768; m. Sept. 15, 1783, to Pr. Nicholas Esterhazy.

Widow of the Brother, Pr. Aloys Joseph.

Caroline, by birth Countess of Manderscheid-
Blankenhayn, b. Nov. 13, 1768; widow,
March 24, 1805.

*Issue of the Uncle, Pr. Charles Borromæus Joseph,*
*dec. Feb. 21, 1789.*

1. Pr. Maria Josephina Eleonora, b. Dec. 6, 1763; m. Jan. 29, 1782, to John Nepomuk Ernest, Count Harrach.

2. Pr. Joseph Wenceslaus, b. Aug. 21, 1767; Maj. Gen.

3. Pr. Aloys Gonzaga Joseph, b. April 1, 1780; Gen. Fd. Marsh. Lt. in the Austrian service.

Widow of the second Son of the same Prince, Pr.
Maurice, dec. March 24, 1819.

Leopoldine, d. of Pr. Nicholas of Esterhazy, b.
Jan. 31, 1788.

His Issue.

1. Maria, b. Dec. 31, 1808.

2. Eleonora, b. Dec. 25, 1812.

3. Leopoldina, b. Nov. 4, 1815.

Son of Pr. Charles John Nepomuk, (dec. Dec. 24,
1795,) Son of the Uncle, Pr. Charles Borromæus.

Pr. Charles Francis Antony, b. Oct. 23, 1790; m. Aug. 29, 1819, to

Frances, d. of Rudolph, Count of Wrbna and
Freudenthal.

Widow of Pr. Charles John Nepomuk.

Pr. Maria Anna Josephina, d. of Prince Antony
of Khevenhüller, b. Nov. 19, 1770; widow,
Dec. 24, 1795.

302

LIPPE-BIESTERFELD.

LIPPE (Protestant).

Pr. Paul Alexander Leopold, b. Nov. 6, 1796; suc. his father April 4, 1802, under the guardianship of his mother; assumed the reins of government, July 3, 1820; m. Apr. 23, 1820, to Emilia Frederica Caroline, b. April 23, 1800, d. of Gunther Frederic Charles reigning Pr. of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.

Issue.

Pr. Paul Frederic Emil Leopold, b. Sept. 1, 1821.

Brother.

Pr. Frederic Albert Augustus, b. Dec. 8, 1797, Maj. in Hanov. service. (Buxtehude.)

Fourth Wife and Widow of the Grandfather.

Pr. Christina Charlotte Frederica, b. Aug. 30, 1744, d. of Pr. William, of Solms-Braunfels; wid. May 1, 1782, of Count Simon Augustus.

Widow of the Grandfather's Brother, Count Louis Henry Adolphus.

Emilia Louisa, by birth Countess of Ysenburg-Philippseich, b. Dec. 10, 1764, m. April 10, 1786; widow, Aug. 31, 1800.

Daughter of another Brother of the Grandfather, Count William Albert Ernest.

Augusta Henrietta Casimira Wilhelmina, b. Nov. 21, 1774, Abbess of Cappel and Lemgo.

LINE OF LIPPE-BIESTERFELD.

Count William Ernest, b. April 15, 1777; m. July 26, 1803, to Madem. Modesta von Unruh. (Cologne.)

Issue.

1. Paul John Charles Ferdinand, b. March 30, 1808.

2. Agnes Julia Henrietta, b. April 30, 1810.

LIPPE-WEISSENFELD.

303

3. Julius Peter Herrmann, b. April 2, 1812.

4. Emma Louisa Hildegarda Frederica, b. Aug. 17, 1815.

5. Herrmann Frederic William Louis, b. June 8, 1818.

6. Leopold Charles Henry, b. Jan. 19, 1821.
*Brother.*

John Charles, b. Sept. 1, 1778; m. June 9, 1806, to Madem. Bernardine de Sobbe. (Cleves.)
*Issue.*

1. Elizabeth, b. June 8, 1807.

2. Paulina Louisa Modesta, b. March 22, 1809.

3. Constantine Christian William, b. March 4, 1811.

4. Amelia Henrietta Julia, b. April 14, 1814.

5. Bernard Charles George, b. Nov. 28, 1815.

6. Charles Frederic, b. Sept. 28, 1818.

LINE OF LIPPE-WEISSENFELD.

Count Ferdinand, b. Nov. 21, 1772; m. 1804, to Eleonora Gustava, Baroness of Thermo. (Barut, in Lusatia.)
*Issue.*

1. Gustavus, b. Aug. 21, 1805.

2. Agnes, b. Oct. 1, 1806.

3. Frances, b. June 1, 1808.

4. Bertha, b. June 21, 1817.
*Brothers and Sister.*

1. Christian, b. Feb. 21, 1776; m. in 1809, to Frederica, Countess of Hohenthal, (Oelse, in Lusatia.)
*Issue.*

1. Maria, b. June 10, 1810.

2. Emma, b. July 4, 1811.

3. Oscar, b. Aug. 26, 1813.

2. Henrietta, b. Jan. 8, 1779.

3. Louis, b. July 14, 1781; m. in 1810 to Countess Augusta of Hohenthal. (See, in Lusatia.)
cc

304

LIPPE-SCHAUMBURG.

*Issue.*

1. Adolph, b. May 11, 1812.

2. Paulina, b. Aug. 26, 1813.

3. Leopold, b. March 19, 1815.

4. Theresa, b. July 23, 1816.

5. Henry Otho, b. May 3, 1818.

6. Anton, b. Dec. 29, 1819.

7. Matilda, b. July 31, 1821.

*Widow of the Uncle, Count Charles Christian.*

Isabella Louisa Constantia, by birth Countess of Solms-Barut, b. May 15, 1774; m. June 12, 1800.

*Issue of the first Marriage.*

1. Louis Alexis Bernard, b. Nov. 30, 1776.

2. Bernard Henry Ferdinand, b. Feb. 22, 1779.

3. Charles Frederic Herrmann, b. March 10, 1783.

4. Henrietta Louisa Hermina, b. Sept. 30, 1801.

5. Caroline Isabella Irmengard, b. April 2, 1803.

LIPPE-SCHAUMBURG (Protestant).

Pr. George William, b. Dec. 20, 1784, suc. his father Feb. 13, 1787, assumed the reins of government, and the title of Prince, April 18, 1807, m. June 23, 1816, to the

Pr. Ida Caroline Louisa, d. of the late George, Pr. of Waldeck, b. Sept. 26, 1796.

*Issue.*

1. Adolph. George, Hered. Pr. b. Aug. 1, 1817.

2. Pr. Matilda Augusta Wilhelmina, b. Sept. 11, 1818.

3. Pr. Adelaïde Christina Julia Charlotte, b. March 9, 1821.

LUCCA.—MECKLENBURG. 305

Sisters.

1. Wilhelmina Charlotte, b. May 18, 1783, m. Nov. 7, 1814, to Ernest Frederic Herbert, Count Münster, Minister of State and Hered. Marshal to the K. of Great Britain and Hanover.

2. Caroline Louisa, b. Nov. 9, 1786, Canoness of the Chap. of SchildscHE.

LUCCA (Catholic).

Pr. Maria Louisa, b. July 6, 1782, d. of K. Charles IV. of Spain, widow of K. Louis of Etruria, May 27, 1803, obtained the Principality of Lucca by the arrangements of the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

Issue.

1. Charles Louis, Hered. Pr. b. Dec. 23, 1799, m. August 15, 1820, to Maria Theresa Ferdinandina, b. Sept. 19, 1803, d. of Victor Emanuel, K. of Sardinia.

Issue.

Pr. Louisa Frances Anna Maria Theresa, b. October 29, 1821.

2. Pr. Maria Louisa Charlotte, b. Oct. 1, 1802. *Sisters of King Louis of Etruria, Princesses of Parma.*

1. Pr. Maria Antonietta Josephina, b. Nov. 28, 1774.

2. Pr. Charlotte Maria Ferdinandina, b. Feb. 7, 1777.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN (Protestant).

Grand-Duke Frederic Francis, b. Dec. 10, 1756, suc. his uncle Duke Frederic, April 24, 1785, assumed the title of Grand-Duke June 9, 1815. Widower, Jan. 1, 1808, by death of

306 MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ.

Louisa, d. of John Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha.

Issue.

1. Widow of the Son, Frederic Louis, Hered. Grand Duke, dec. Nov. 29, 1819.

Augusta Frederica, d. of Fred. Louis, Landgr. of Hesse-Homburg, b. Nov. 28, 1776.

Issue of that Prince by his first marriage with Helena Pawlowna, d. of the Emperor Paul of Russia, dec. September 24, 1803.

1. Paul Frederic, hered. Grand-Duke, b. Sept. 15, 1800, m. May 25, 1822, to Frederica Wilhelmina Alexandrina Maria Helena, b. Feb. 23, 1803, d. of Frederic William III. K. of Prussia.

2. D. Maria Louisa Frederica Alexandrina Elizabeth Charlotte Catherine, b. March 31, 1803.

Issue of the second marriage with Caroline, d. of Charles Augustus, Grand-Duke of Saxe-Weimar, dec. January 20, 1816.

3. D. Albert, b. Feb. 11, 1812.

4. D. Helen Louisa Elisabeth, b. Jan. 24, 1814.

2. D. Gustavus William, b. Jan. 31, 1781.

3. D. Charles Augustus Christian, b. July 2, 1782.

4. D. Charlotte Frederica, b. Dec. 4, 1784; has been married to Pr. Christian Frederic of Denmark.—(Separated.)

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ (Protestant).

Grand-Duke George Frederic Charles Joseph, b. August 12, 1779, suc. his father, the Grand-Duke Charles, Nov. 6, 1816, m. August 12, 1817, to

MODENA.

307

Maria Wilhelmina Frederica, d. of Frederic Landgr. of Hesse-Cassel, b. Jan. 21, 1796.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Caroline Louisa Maria Frederica Wilhelmina, b. May 21, 1818.

2. Frederic William Charles George Ernest Adolphus, Heredit. Grand-Duke, b. Oct. 17, 1819.

3. Pr. Caroline Charlotte Marianne, b. Jan. 10, 1821.

*Sisters.*

1. D. Theresa Matilda Amelia, b. April 5, 1773, m. May 25, 1789, to the Pr. of Tour and Taxis.

2. The Duchess of Cumberland.—See Great Britain.

*Brother by the Father's second marriage with Charlotte Wilhelmina, Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt.*

Duke Charles Frederic Augustus, b. Nov. 30, 1785, Lieutenant-general in Prussian service.

MODENA (Catholic).

Duke Francis IV. Archd. of Austria, brother of the Archd. Ferdinand, Duke of Brisgau, b. October 6, 1779; recovered the d. of Modena, after the abolition of the kingdom of Italy by the treaties of 1814 and 1815, m. June 20, 1812, to the

Duchess Maria Beatrice Victoria Josephina, d. of Victor Emanuel, K. of Sardinia, b. Dec. 6, 1792.

*Issue.*

1. D. Maria Theresa Beatrice, b. July 14, 1817.

2. D. Francis Ferdinand Geminianus, hered. Pr. b. June 1, 1819.

3. D. Ferdinand Charles Victor, b. July 21, 1821.

cc 3

308

NAPLES.

*Mother.*

D. Maria Beatrice, b. April 7, 1750, d. of Duke Hercules III. of the house of Este, Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara, widow of Ferdinand Archd. of Austria, Dec. 24, 1806.

*Brothers and Sisters*.—See Austria.

NAPLES, OR TWO SICILIES (Catholic).

King Ferdinand I. (IV.) Infant of Spain, b. Jan. 12, 1751, K. of the Two Sicilies, October 5, 1759, by the cession of his father, Charles III. k. of Spain. Widower Sept. 8, 1814, by the death of Maria Caroline, d. of the Roman Emperor Francis I.

*Issue.*

1. Francis Januarius Joseph, Pr. roy. and Duke of Calabria, b. April 19, 1777, m. by proxy July 6, and in person October 6, 1802, to his second wife

The Infanta Maria Isabella, d. of Charles IV. K. of Spain, b. July 6, 1789.

*Issue of the First Marriage with Maria Clemens-tina, d. of Leopold II. Roman Emperor, dec. Nov. 15, 1801.*

1. The Duchess of Berry.—See France.

2. The wife of the Infant of Spain, Don Francis de Paule.

3. Pr. Maria Christina, b. April 27, 1806.

4. Pr. Ferdinand Charles, Duke of Noto, b. Jan. 12, 1810.

5. Pr. Charles Ferdinand, Pr. of Capua, b. October 10, 1811.

6. Pr. Leopold Benjamin, Count of Syracuse, b. May 22, 1813.

NAPLES.—NASSAU.

309

7. Pr. Maria Antonietta, b. Dec. 19, 1814.

8. Pr. Antony Pascal, Count of Lecce, b. Sept. 23, 1816.

9. Pr. Maria Amelia, b. Feb. 25, 1818.

10. Pr. Caroline Ferdinanda, b. Feb. 28, 1820.

11. Pr. Maria Theresa Christina, b. March 14, 1822.

2. The Queen of Sardinia.

3. The Duchess of Orleans.—See France.

4. Pr. Leopold Joseph Michael, Pr. of Salerno, b. July 2, 1790, m. July 28, 1816, to

Maria Clementina Frances Josephina, Archd. of Austria, d. of the Emperor Francis, b. March 1, 1798.

*Issue.*

Pr. Maria Caroline Augusta, b. April 26, 1822.

NASSAU (*Protestant*).

Duke William George Augustus Henry, b. June 14, 1792, suc. his father Pr. Frederic William, of the line of Nassau-Weilburg, Jan. 9, 1816, and on the death of Pr. Frederic William, the last of the line of Nassau-Usingen, March 24, 1816, to all the dominions of the elder Walram branch of the house of Nassau, which had formed a duchy since 1806; m. June 24, 1813, to the

D. Charlotte Louisa Frederica Amelia d. of Duke Frederic of Saxe-Hildburghausen, b. Jan. 28, 1794.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Theresa Wilhelmina Frederica Isabella Charlotte, b. Aug. 17, 1815.

2. Pr. Adolphus William Charles Augustus, hered. Pr. b. July 24, 1817.

3. Pr. William Charles Henry Frederic, b. Sept. 8, 1819.

310 NASSAU-SAARBRÜCK.

4. Pr. Maurice William Augustus Charles Henry, b. Nov. 21, 1820.

5. Pr. Maria Wilhelmina Louisa Henrietta Frederica, b. April 5, 1822.

*Brother and Sister.*

1. The wife of the Archduke Charles of Austria.

2. Pr. Frederic William, b. Dec. 15, 1799.

*Mother.*

Louisa Isabella Alexandrina Augusta, d. of the
Burgrave William George of Kirchberg,
Count of Sayn-Hachemburg, b. April 19,
1772, widow of Prince Frederic William of
Nassau, Jan. 9, 1816.

*Aunts.*

1. The Princess Dowager of Reuss-Greiz.

2. The Princess of Wied-Runkel.

3. The widow of Pr. Victor of Anhalt-Bern-
burg-Schaumburg.

4. The widow of Duke Louis of Wurtemberg.

NASSAU-SAARBRÜCK.

*Widow of the last Prince Henry Louis Charles Albert.*

Pr. Maria Francisca Maximiliana de St. Mau-
rice, Pr. of Montbarrey, b. Nov. 2, 1761, m.
Oct. 6, 1779; widow April 27, 1797.

*Aunts of that Prince.*

1. The widow of Frederic Charles, Pr. of Brunswick-Bevern.

2. Pr. Wilhelmina Henrietta. b. October 2,
   1752; widow Sept. 7, 1790, of Louis Armand,
   Marq. de Soyecourt.

311 NASSAU.—NETHERLANDS.

NASSAU-USINGEN.

*Daughters of Duke Frederic Augustus, the last of that house, dec. March 24, 1816, and of Louisa, by birth Princess of Waldeck, dec. November 17, 1816.*

1. The widow of Margrave Frederic of Baden.

2. Pr. Augusta Amelia, born Dec. 30, 1778, was married to Louis William, Pr. of Hesse-Homburg.

*Children of the reigning Prince Charles William, dec. May 17, 1803, Brother of Duke Frederic Augustus and Caroline Felicité, by birth Countess of Leiningen-Heidesheim, dec. May 8, 1810.*

1. The wife of the Landgrave Frederic of Hesse-Cassel.

2. Pr. Louisa Henrietta Caroline, b. June 14, 1763.

NETHERLANDS (Protestant).

King William I. Grand-Duke of Luxemburg, b. August 24, 1772, declared himself sovereign prince of the Netherlands, Dec. 3, 1813, assumed the royal dignity March 15, 1815; m. October 1, 1791, to the

Queen Frederica Louisa Wilhelmina, d. of K. Frederic William II. of Prussia, b. Nov. 18, 1774.

*Issue.*

1. William Frederic George, Pr. Royal, and Pr. of Orange, b. Dec. 6, 1792, m. Feb. 21, 1816, to

Anna Pawlowna, d. of the Emperor Paul of Russia, b. Jan. 19, 1795.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. William Alexander Paul Frederic Louis, b. February 19, 1817.

312 PARMA.—POPE, &c.

2. Pr. William Alexander Frederic Constantine Nicholas Michael, b. Aug. 2, 1818.

3. Prince William Henry Frederic, b. June 13, 1820.

4. Pr. William Alexander Frederic Ernest Casimir, b. May 21, 1822.

2. Pr. William Frederic Charles, b. Feb. 28, 1797.

3. Pr. Wilhelmina Frederica Louisa Marianne, b. May 9, 1801.

### PARMA (Catholic).

1. House of the late Duke Ferdinand, Infant of Spain.—See Lucca.

2. *The present reigning House.*

D. Maria Louisa, d. of the Emperor Francis of Austria, b. Dec. 12, 1791, m. March 11, 1810, to Napoleon, Emperor of the French, (dec. May 6, 1821) declared Duchess of Parma, Placentia and Guastalla, by the treaty of Paris, May 30, 1814.

*Son.*

Pr. François Joseph Charles Napoleon, Duke of Reichstädt, b. March 20, 1811.

### POPE AND CARDINALS.

Pius VII. (Gregorio Barnaba Chiaramonti) b. at Cesena, August 14, 1742; created Cardinal, Feb. 14, 1785; elected Pope, March 14, 1800.

*Cardinals composing the Sacred College.*

1. Cardinal Bishops.

1. Barthol. Pacca, b. at Benevento, Dec. 25, 1756, Bishop of Frascati, cr. Feb. 23, 1801.

CARDINALS.

313

2. Jos. Spina, b. at Sarzane, March 12, 1756, Bishop of Palestrina, cr. Feb. 23, 1801.

3. Pietro Franc. Galeffi, b. at Cesena, Oct. 27, 1770, Bishop of Albana, cr. July 11, 1803.

4. Thom. Arezzo, b. at Orbitello, Dec. 17, 1756, Bishop of Sabina, cr. March 8, 1816.

5. Franc. Xav. Castiglioni, b. at Cingoli, Nov. 20, 1761, cr. in 1816.

2. Cardinal Priests.

1. Louis de Bourbon, b. at Catahalso, May 22, 1777, Archb. of Toledo, cr. Oct. 20, 1800.

2. Jos. Firrao, b. at Naples, July 20, 1736.

3. Louis Ruffo-Scilla, b. at St. Onofrio, in the kingdom of Naples, Aug. 25, 1750, Archb. of Naples.

4. Ant. Felix Zondadari, b. at Sienna, Jan. 14, 1740, Archb. of Sienna.

5. Ces. Brancadoro, b. at Fermo, Aug. 18, 1755, Archb. of Fermo.

6. Jul. Gabrielli, b. at Rome, July 20, 1748.

7. F. Charles Francis Caselli, b. at Alexandria, Oct. 20, 1740, Bishop of Parma.

8. Jos. Fesch, b. at Ajaccio, Jan. 3, 1763, Archb. of Lyons, cr. Jan. 17, 1803.

9. Charles Oppizzoni, Archb. of Bologna, b. at Milan, April 15, 1769, cr. March 26, 1804.

10. Annibal de la Genga, b. at Genga, Aug. 2, 1760.

11. Pietro Gravina, b. at Monte Vago, in Sicily, Dec. 16, 1749, Archbishop of Palermo.

12. Dominico Spinucci, b. at Fermo, Mar. 2, 1739, Archbishop of Benevento.

13. Ant. Gab. Severoli, b. at Faenza, Feb. 28, 1757, Bishop of Viterbo and Toscanella.

14. Jos. Morozzo, b. at Turin, March 12, 1758, Bishop of Novara.

created Feb. 23, 1801.

created March 8, 1816.

314

CARDINALS.

15. Fabrice Sceberas Testaferrata, b. at la Valette in Malta, April 20, 1758, Bishop of Sinigaglia.

16. Franc. Xav. Castiglioni, b. at Cingoli, Nov. 20, 1761, Bishop of Cesena.

17. Charles And. Pelagallo, b. at Rome, March 30, 1747, Bishop of Osimo and Cingoli.

18. Bened. Naro, b. at Rome, July 26, 1744.

19. Francis Cesar Leoni, b. at Perugia, Jan. 1, 1757, Bishop of Jesi.

20. Dionisio Bardaxy d'Azara, b. at Puy-arraege, October 9, 1760.

21. Ant. Rusconi, b. at Cento, June 10, 1743, Bishop of Imola.

22. Ewan. de Gregorio, b. at Naples, Dec. 18, 1758, Archimandrite of Messina.

23. Nicol. Riganti, b. at Molfetta, March 25, 1744, Bishop of Ancona.

24. Luigi Ercolani, b. at Foligno, October 17, 1758.

25. Paul Joseph Solaro di Villa-nuova Solara, b. at St. Pölten, Jan. 24, 1743, ci-devant Bishop of Aoste.

created
Sept. 23,
1816.

26. Louis Francois de Beausset, b. at Pondicherry, Dec. 14, 1749, cr. July 28, 1817.

27. Casimir Häffelin, b. at Minfeld, Deux-Ponts, Jan. 12, 1737, cr. April 6, 1818.

28. Rudolph John Joseph Rayner, Archd. of Austria, b. at Vienna, Jan. 8, 1788, Archb. of Olmütz, cr. June 4, 1819.

29. Charles de Cunha, b. at Lisbon, April 9, 1759, Patriarch of Lisbon, cr. Sept. 27, 1819.

3. Cardinal-Deacons.

1. Fabrice Ruffo, b. at Naples, Sept. 16, 1744, cr. Sept. 26, 1791.

created March 8, 1816.

CARDINALS.—PORTUGAL, 315

2. Hercule Consalvi, b. at Rome, June 8, 1757, Secretary of State to his Holiness, cr. Aug. 11, 1800.

3. Jos. Albani, b. at Rome, Sept. 13, 1750, cr. Feb. 23, 1801.

4. Fr. Guidobono Cavalchini, b. at Tortona, Dec. 4, 1755, cr. Aug. 14, 1807.

5. John Caccia-Piatti, b. at Novara, March 8, 1751.

6. Stanisl. Sanseverino, b. at Naples, July 13, 1764.

7. Pietro Vidoni, b. at Cremona, Sept. 2, 1759.

8. Augustin Rivarola, b. at Genoa, March 14, 1758, cr. October 1, 1817.

9. Ces. Guerrieri Gonzaga, b. at Mantua, March 2, 1749, cr. in 1819.

created
March 8,
1816.

PORTUGAL AND BRAZIL (Catholic).

King John VI. Maria Joseph Louis, b. May 23, 1767, declared Regent July 10, 1799, suc. his mother Queen Mary, March 20, 1816, m. January 9, 1790, to

Charlotte Joachima, d. of Charles IV. K. of Spain, b. April 25, 1775.

Issue.

1. The widow of the Infant Don Pedro Carlos of Spain.

2. Pedro d'Alcantara, Pr. of Brazil, b. Oct. 12, 1798, m. by proxy at Vienna, May 13, and in person at Rio de Janeiro, Nov. 6, 1817, to the Archduchess

Leopoldine Caroline Josephine, d. of Francis, Emperor of Austria, b. Jan. 22, 1797.

Issue.

Maria-da-Gloria Joanna Charlotte Leopoldine, Princess of Beira, b. April 4, 1819.

D d

316

PRUSSIA.

3. The wife of the Infant Don Carlos of Spain.

4. Pr. Isabella Maria, b. July 4, 1801.

5. Pr. Michael, b. October 26, 1802.

6. Pr. Maria Anna Joanna Josephina, b. July 25, 1805.

*Aunt, Sister to Queen Mary.*

Pr. Maria Francisca Benedicta, b. July 26, 1746, widow of her nephew Joseph Francis Xavier, Pr. of Brazil, Sept. 11, 1788.

### PRUSSIA (Protestant).

King Frederic William III. b. August 30, 1770, suc. his father K. Frederic William II. Nov. 16, 1797. Widower July 13, 1810, by the death of Louisa Augusta Wilhelmina Amelia, d. of Duke Charles Louis Frederic of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

*Issue.*

1. Frederic William, Prince-Royal, b. Oct. 15, 1795.

2. Pr. Frederic William Louis, b. March 22, 1797.

3. The wife of the Gr. Duke Nicholas of Russia.

4. Pr. Frederic Charles Alex. b. June 29, 1801.

5. Pr. Frederica Wilhelmina Alexandrina Maria Helena.—See *Mecklenburg-Schwerin*.

6. Pr. Louisa Augusta Wilhelmina Amelia, b. Feb. 1, 1808.

7. Pr. Frederic Henry Albert, b. Oct. 4, 1809.

*Brothers and Sisters.*

1. Queen of the Netherlands.

2. Electress of Hesse.

3. Pr. Charles Henry Frederic, b. Dec. 30, 1781, Gen. of Inf. and Grand Master of the Prussian Order of St. John.

4. Pr. Frederic William Charles, b. July 3, 1783, Gen. of Cav. m. Jan. 12, 1804, to

PRUSSIA—REUSS.

317

Amelia Mary Anne, d. of Frederic Louis William, Landgr. of Hesse-Homburg, b. Oct. 13, 1785.

*Issue.*

1. Prince Henry William Adelbert, b. Oct. 29, 1811.

2. Pr. Maria Elisabeth Caroline Victoria, b. June 8, 1815.

3. Pr. Frederic William Waldemar, b. Aug. 2, 1817.

*Children of the Brother, the late Pr. Frederic Louis Charles, and Frederica Caroline Alexandrina, Pr. of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, now Duchess of Cumberland.*

1. Pr. Frederic William Louis, b. Oct. 30, 1794, m. Nov. 31, 1817, to the

Pr. Wilhelmina Louisa, d. of Alexis Frederic Christian, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg, b. Oct. 30, 1799.

*Issue.*

Prince Frederic William Louis Alexander, b. June 21, 1820.

2. The reigning Duchess of Anhalt Dessau.

*Children of the Grand-Uncle, Prince Augustus Ferdinand, (dec. May 2, 1813,) and the Pr. Louisa, d. of Frederic William, Margr. of Brandenburg-Schwedt, dec. Feb. 10, 1820.*

1. Pr. Frederica Dorothea Louisa Philippina, b. May 24, 1770, m. to Pr. Antony Henry Radzivil.

2. Pr. Frederic William Henry Augustus, Gen. and Com. of Artillery, b. Sept. 19, 1779.

REUSS.

I. ELDER BRANCH (Protestant).
REUSS-GREITZ.

Pr. Henry XIX. b. March 1, 1790, suc. his fa-

318

## REUSS.

ther Pr. Henry XIII. Jan. 29. 1817, m. Jan. 7, 1822, to

Gasparine, Princess of Rohan-Rochefort and Montauban.

*Brother.*

Pr. Henry XX. b. June 29, 1794, Major in Austrian service.

*Mother.*

Pr. Wilhelmina Louisa, d. of Charles, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg, b. Sept. 28, 1765, widow of Pr. Henry XIII. Jan. 29, 1817.

*Uncle and Aunt.*

1. Prince Henry XV. b. Feb. 22, 1751, Gen. Feldzeugmeister, in Austrian service, and Commandant Gen. of Galicia.

2. Pr. Isabella Augusta, b. Aug. 7, 1752, widow of George William, Burgr. of Kirchberg, Feb. 7, 1777.

## II. YOUNGER BRANCH (Protestant).

### A. REUSS-SCHLEITZ.

Pr. Henry LXII. b. May 31, 1785, suc. his father Pr. Henry XLII. April 17, 1818.

*Brother and Sister.*

1. Pr. Christina Philippina Louisa, b. Sept. 9, 1781.

2. P. Henry LXVII. b. Oct. 20, 1789, Capt. of Cav. in Prussian service, m. April 18, 1820, to

Sophia Adelaide Henrietta, b. May 28, 1800, d. of Henry LI. reigning Prince of Reuss-Ebersdorf.

*Issue.*

Prince Henry V. b. Dec. 4, 1821.

*Mother.*

Caroline Henrietta, d. of Christian Frederic Charles, Pr. of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg, b. June

REUSS.

319

11, 1761. Widow, April 17, 1818, of Prince Henry XLII.

*Second Wife and Widow of the Grandfather, Count Henry XII.*

Christiana Ferdinandina, d. of C. Maurice William of Ysenburg-Philippseich, b. Aug. 24, 1740. Widow June 25, 1784.

REUSS-SCHLEITZ-KÖSTRITZ.

1. *Branch descending from Count Henry VI.*

Prince Henry LXIV. grandson of C. Henry VI. b. March 31, 1787, suc. his father, Henry XLIII. Sept. 22, 1814.

*Sisters.*

1. Pr. Carolina Julia Frederica Augusta, b. April 23, 1782.

2. The Princess of Reuss-Lobenstein.

*Mother.*

Louisa Christina, d. of C. Henry XXIV. Reuss of Ebersdorf, b. June 2, 1759. Widow of Prince Henry XLIII. Sept. 22, 1814.

*Uncle.*

C. Henry XLVIII. Col. in Bavarian service, b. Jan. 25, 1759, m. Nov. 2, 1784, to

Christiana Henrietta, d. of Charles Henry, C. of Schönburg-Wechselburg, b. Dec. 12, 1766.

*Issue.*

1. C. Emily Charlotte Wilhelmina, b. Jan. 5, 1787, m. April 12, 1807, to Henry Ernest, C. of Reichenbach-Goschitz.

2. C. Cecilia Victoria Clementina, b. Feb. 25, 1788.

3. C. Clementina Frances Augusta, b. July 5, 1789. Widow July 20, 1821, of Adolphus C. of Einsiedel.

4. C. Isabella Theresa Adolphine, b. Sept. 18, 1790.

D d 3

320

REUSS.

5. C. Henry LXIX. b. May 19, 1792, Chamberl and Capt. in the service of the Grand-Duke of Saxe-Weimar.

6. C. Ernestine Adelaide Matilda, b. Aug. 25, 1794, m. July 23, 1818, to Ernest Philip von Kieseweter, Lord of Reichenbach, in Silesia.

2. *Branch descending from C. Henry IX.*

C. Henry XXXVIII. son of C. Henry IX. b. Oct. 9, 1748. Widower by the death of his second wife Joanna Frederica, by birth Baroness Fletscher.

*Brother.*

Pr. Henry XLIV. Chamberl. to the K. of Prussia, b. April 20, 1753, assumed the dignity of Prince in 1817. Widower by the death of his second wife Augusta Amelia Leopoldina, by birth Baroness Riedesel of Eisenbach, Nov. 21, 1805.

*His Issue.*

(a.) *By his First Wife, Wilhelmina Frederica, by birth Baroness Geuder of Rabenstein, (dec. Dec. 17, 1790).*

1. Pr. Henry LX. b. July 4, 1784, m. May 2, 1819, to Dorothea, by birth Pr. of Carolath-Beuthen, b. Nov. 16, 1799.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Caroline Henrietta, b. Dec. 4, 1820.

2. Pr. Maria Wilhelmina Joanna, b. June 24, 1822.

3. Pr. Henry LXIII. b. Jan. 20, 1786, m. Feb. 21, 1819, to Eleonora, by birth Countess of Stolberg-Wernigerode.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Joanna Eleonora Frederica Everardina, b. Jan. 25, 1820.

REUSS.

321

2. Pr. Henry IV. b. April 28, 1821.

3. Pr. Augusta Matilda Wilhelmina, b. May 26, 1822.

(b.) *By the Second Wife.*

3. Pr. Augusta Frederica Esperance, b. Aug. 4, 1794. See *Anhalt-Cöthen*.

4. Pr. Carolina Elisabeth Adolphina Louisa, b. Nov. 8, 1796, m. to Pr. Frederic of Carolath.

5. Pr. Henry LXXIV. b. Nov. 2, 1798.

3. *Branch descending from C. Henry XXIII.*

C. Henry XLVII. son of C. Henry XXIII. b. Feb. 27, 1756, formerly President of the Regency of Breslau.

*Brothers and Sister.*

1. Countess Henrietta Eleonora Elisabeth, b. May 28, 1755. — See *Schönburg-Waldenburg*.

2. C. Henry XLIX. b. October 16, 1759.

3. C. Henry LII. b. Sept. 21, 1763, Lieut. Gen. in Bavarian service.

4. C. Henry LV. b. Dec. 1, 1768, m. July 11, 1797, to Maria Justina, by birth Baroness Watteville, b. Nov. 18, 1762.

*Issue.*

1. C. Henry LXXIII. b. June 11, 1798.

2. C. Henry II. b. March 31, 1802.

B. REUSS-LOBENSTEIN.

Pr. Henry LIV. son of C. Henry XXV. (dec. in 1801) b. October 8, 1767, suc. his cousin Pr. Henry XXXV. by virtue of the renunciation of his uncle, C. Henry XXI. March 31, 1803, m. May 31, 1811, to his second wife

Frances, d. of Henry XLIII. Pr. of Reuss-Schleitz-Köstritz, b. Dec. 7, 1788.

322

## REUSS.—RUSSIA.

### C. REUSS-EBERSDORF.

Pr. Henry LXXII. b. March 27, 1797; suc. his father, Pr. Henry LI. July 10, 1822.

*Sisters.*

1. Pr. Caroline Augusta Louisa, b. Sept. 27, 1792.

2. The Wife of Pr. Henry LXVII. of Reuss-Schleitz.

*Mother.*

Pr. Louisa Henrietta, d. of Gotth. Adolph, Count Hoym, b. March 30, 1772; widow of Pr. Henry LI. July 10, 1822.

*Aunts.*

1. The Duchess-dowager of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg.

2. The Princess-dowager of Reuss-Schleitz-Köstritz.

### REUSS-GERA.

*Widow of C. Henry XXX. dec. April 26, 1802.*

Pr. Louisa Christina, d. of the Count Palatine, Duke John of Birkenfeld, b. Aug. 17, 1748.

### RUSSIA (Greek).

Emperor Alexander Paulowitsch, b. Dec. 24, 1777, suc. his father, the Emperor Paul, March 24, 1801; Czar and King of Poland 1815; m. Oct. 9, 1793, to

Elisabeth Alexiewna, previously Louisa Maria Augusta, d. of Charles Louis, hered. Pr. of Baden, b. Jan. 24, 1779.

*Brothers and Sisters.*

1. Grand-Duke Constantine Cesarowitsch, b. May 9, 1779, m. Feb. 26, 1796, to Anna Fodorowna, previously Julia Henrietta Ulrica, d. of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg. This marriage was dissolved by an imperial

RUSSIA.—SARDINIA.

323

ukase of April 2, 1820; and the Grand-Duke was married again, May 24, 1820, to Jane, by birth Countess Grudzinska, created Princess of Lowicz.

2. The hered. Gr.-Duchess of Saxe-Weimar.

3. The Princess Royal of the Netherlands.

4. Grand-duke Nicholas Paulowitsch, b. July 7, 1796, m. July 13, 1817, to Alexandra Feodorowna, previously Charlotte, d. of Frederic William III. K. of Prussia, b. July 13, 1798.

*Issue.*

1. Gr.-Duke Alexander Nicolajewitsch, b. April 29, 1818.

2. Gr.-Duchess Maria Nicolajewna, b. Aug. 18, 1819.

5. Gr.-Duke Michael Paulowitsch, b. Feb. 9, 1798; betrothed, Jan. 8, 1822, to the Pr. Charlotte of Wurtemburg.

*Mother.*

Maria Feodorowna, formerly Sophia Dorothea Augusta, d. of Duke Frederic Eugene, of Wurtemburg, b. Oct. 25, 1759; widow of the Emperor Paul, March 24, 1801.

SARDINIA (Catholic).

King Charles Felix, b. April 6, 1765, ascended the throne on the abdication of his brother, K. Victor Emanuel, declared March 13, and confirmed April 19, 1821; m. March 7, 1807, to

Maria Christina, d. of K. Ferdinand IV. of the Two Sicilies, b. Jan. 17, 1779.

*Brother and Sister.*

1. Pr. Maria Anna Carolina, b. Dec. 17, 1757; widow, Jan. 4, 1808, of her uncle the Duke of Chablais.

324

SARDINIA.

2. K. Victor Emanuel, b. July 24, 1759, suc. June 4, 1802, on the cession of the crown by his brother, K. Charles Emanuel IV. (dec. Oct. 6, 1819); abdicated March 13, 1821; m. April 21, 1789, to

Maria Theresa, d. of Ferdinand, Archd. of Austria, D. of Modena-Brisgau, b. Nov. 1, 1773.

Issue.

1. The Duchess of Modena

2. Pr. Maria Theresa Ferdinandina. See Lucca

3. Pr. Maria Anna Carolina Pia

4. Pr. Maria Christina, b. Nov. 14, 1812.

b. Sept. 19,
1803.

SAVOY-CARIGNAN (Catholic).

Duke Charles Emanuel Albert, b. Oct. 2, 1798, m. Sept. 30, 1817, to

Maria Theresa, Archd. of Austria, d. of Ferdinand, Gr. Duke of Tuscany, b. March 21, 1801.

Issue.

Pr. Victor Emanuel, b. March 14, 1820.

Sister.

The Wife of the Archd. Rayner, of Austria.

Mother.

Maria Christina, d. of Charles, Duke of Saxe and Courland, b. Dec. 9, 1779; widow of D. Charles Emanuel Ferdinand, Aug. 16, 1800.

Aunts.

1. Gabriella Maria, b. March 17, 1748, widow of Pr. Ferdinand Philip Joseph of Lobkowitz, Jan. 11, 1784.

2. Catherine Louisa Frances, b. April 4, 1762; m. Dec. 1780, to Philip Colonna, Pr. of Palliano.

SAXONY.

325

SAXONY.

ERNESTINE BRANCH (*Protestant*).

SAXE-GOTHA.

Duke Frederic IV. b. Nov. 28, 1774, suc. his brother D. Augustus, May 17, 1822.

Duchess-Dowager.

D. Caroline Amelia, d. of William I. Elector of Hesse, b. July 11, 1771; widow, May 17, 1822, of D. Augustus.

Daughter of Duke Augustus, by his first Wife Louisa Charlotte, Pr.of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (dec. Jan. 4, 1801).

D. Dorothea Louisa Paulina Charlotte Frederica, b. Dec. 21, 1800, m. to the reigning Duke of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg.

Duchess-Mother.

D. Maria Charlotte Amelia Ernestina Wilhelmina Henrietta Philippina, d. of Anton Ulric, D. of Saxe-Meiningen, b. Sept. 11, 1751; widow of D. Ernest II. dec. April 20, 1804.

SAXE-MEININGEN.

Duke Bernard Eric Freund, b. Dec. 17, 1800, suc. his father, D. George, Dec. 24, 1803, under the guardianship of his mother; assumed the reins of government, Dec. 17, 1821.

Sisters.

1. D. Adelaide Louisa Theresa Caroline Amelia, b. Aug. 13, 1792. See Great Britain.

2. D. Ida, b. June 23, 1794. See Saxe-Weimar.

Mother.

D. Louisa Eleonora, d. of Christian Albert, Pr. of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, b. Aug. 11, 1763; widow of D. George, dec. Dec. 24, 1803.

Aunt.

D. Charlotte. See Saxe-Gotha.

326

SAXONY.

SAXE-HILDBURGHAUSEN

Duke Frederic, b. April 29, 1763, suc. his father, Sept. 22, 1780; widower, May 14, 1818, by the death of Charlotte Georgina Louisa Frederica, d. of Charles Louis Frederic, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

*Issue.*

1. D. Catherine Charlotte Georgina, b. June 17, 1787. See *Wurtemberg*.

2. D. Joseph George Frederic, hered. Pr. b. Aug. 27, 1789, Col. in the service of the K. of Saxony, m. April 24, 1817, to the

D. Louisa Amelia Wilhelmina Philippina, d. of Louis, D. of Wurtemberg, b. June 28, 1799.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Alexandrina Maria Wilhelmina Catherine Charlotte Theresa Henrietta Louisa Frederica Georgina, b. April 15, 1818.

2. Pr. Paulina Frederica Henrietta Augusta, b. Nov. 24, 1819.

3. D. Theresa Charlotte Louisa Frederica Amelia, b. July 8, 1792, Pr. Royal of Bavaria.

4. D. Charlotte Louisa Frederica Amelia Alexandrina, b. Jan. 28, 1794, Duchess of Nassau.

5. D. George Charles Frederic, b. July 24, 1796, Major in the service of Bavaria.

6. D. Frederic William Charles Joseph, b. Oct. 4, 1801.

7. D. Edward William Christian, b. July 3, 1804.

SAXE-SAALFELD-COBURG.

Duke Ernest, b. Jan. 2, 1784, suc. his father, Duke Francis, Dec. 9, 1806, m. July 31, 1817, to the

D. Louisa, d. of Augustus, D. of Saxe-Gotha, b. Dec. 21, 1800.

SAXONY.

327

Issue.

1. D. Ernest Augustus Charles John Leopold Alexander Edward, hered. Pr. b. June 21, 1818.

2. D. Albert Francis Augustus Charles Ema-
nuel, b. Aug. 26, 1819.

Brothers and Sisters.

1. D. Sophia Frederica Caroline Louisa, b. Aug. 19, 1778, m. Feb. 22, 1804, to Count Emanuel von Mensdorf, Chamberlain and Maj. Gen. in the Austrian service, b. Jan. 4, 1777. (Prague.)

2. D. Antonietta Ernestina Amelia, b. Aug. 28, 1779. See Wurtemberg.

3. D. Julia Henrietta Ulrica, now Anna Feo-
dorowna, b. Sept. 23, 1781; mar. to the Gr.
Duke Constantine of Russia; separated
March 20, 1820. (Switzerland.)

4. D. Ferdinand George Augustus, b. March 28, 1785, m. Jan. 2, 1816, to Maria Antonietta Gabriela, d. of Pr. Francis Joseph Kohary, b. July 2, 1797. (Vienna.)

Issue.

1. Pr. Ferdinand Augustus Francis Antony,
b. Oct. 29, 1816.

2. Pr. Augustus Louis Victor, b. June 13, 1818.

3. Pr. Louisa Augusta Antonietta, b. Feb. 14, 1822.

5. D. Maria Louisa Victoria, b. Aug. 17, 1786.
See Gr. Britain (London).

6. D. Leopold George Christian Frederic, b. Dec. 16, 1790; Widower Nov. 6, 1817, by the death of Charlotte Augusta, d. of the Prince Regent (now King) of Great Britain (London).

Duchess-Mother.

D. Augusta Caroline Sophia, d. of Henry XXIV.

Ee

328

SAXONY.

C. Reuss of Ebersdorf, b. Jan. 17, 1757;
Widow of D. Francis, Dec. 9, 1806.

Aunt.

D. Caroline Ulrica Amelia, b. Oct. 19, 1753,
Deaconess of the secularised Chapter of Gan-
dersheim.

SAXE-WEIMAR-EISENACH.

Grand-Duke Charles Augustus, b. Sept. 3, 1757,
suc. his father D. Ernest Augustus Constan-
tine, May 28, 1758, declared of age, Sept. 3,
1775, m. Oct. 3, 1775, to the

Gr.-Duch. Louisa, d. of the Landgr. Louis IX.
of Hesse-Darmstadt, b. Jan. 30, 1757.

Issue.

1. Charles Frederic, hered. Gr. Duke, b. Feb. 2, 1783, m. Aug. 3, 1804, to the

Gr.-Duchess Maria Paulowna, d. of the Em-
peror Paul I. of Russia, b. Feb. 16, 1786.

Issue.

1. D. Maria Louisa Alexandrina, b. Feb. 3,
   1808.

2. D. Maria Louisa Augusta Catherine, b.
   Sept. 30. 1811.

3. D. Charles Alexander Augustus John, b.
   June 24, 1818.

2. D. Charles Bernard, b. May 30, 1792, Maj.
   Gen. in service of K. of Netherlands, m. May
   30, 1816, to the

D. Ida, d. of George, D. of Saxe-Meiningen, b.
June 25, 1784. (Ghent.)

Issue.

1. D. Louisa Wilhelmina Adelaide, b. March
   31, 1817.

2. D. William Charles, b. June 25, 1819.

3. D. Amelia Augusta Cecilia, b. May 30,
   1822.

SAXONY.

329

SAXONY.

ALBERTINE BRANCH (Catholic).

King Frederic Augustus, b. Dec. 23, 1750, suc.
his father, the Elector Frederic Christian,
Dec. 17, 1763, under the guardianship of his
Uncle, Pr. Xavier; assumed the reins of go-
vernment, Sept. 15, 1768, and the royal dig-
nity, Dec. 11, 1806; m. by proxy, Jan. 17,
and in person, Jan. 29, 1769, to the

Queen Maria Amelia Augusta, d. of Frederic,
Pr. Palat. of Deux-Ponts, b. May 10, 1752.

Issue.

Pr. Maria Augusta Nepomuka Antonietta
Frances Xaveria Aloysia, b. June 21, 1782.

Brothers and Sister.

1. D. Antony Clement Theodore, b. Dec. 27, 1755; m. by proxy, Sept. 8, and in person, Oct. 18, 1787, to his second wife, the

D. Maria Theresa, d. of the Emperor Leopold
II. b. Jan. 14, 1767.

2. D. Maria Amelia Anna Josepha, b. Sept. 26, 1757; widow of D. Charles of Deux-Ponts; abbess of the Chapter of Noble Ladies at Munich. See *Bavaria*.

3. D. Maximilian Maria Joseph, b. April 13, 1759; widower March 1, 1804, by death of Caroline Maria Theresa, d. of Ferdinand, D. of Parma.

Issue.

1. D. Maria Amelia Frederica Augusta, b. Aug. 10, 1790.

2. D. Maria Ferdinandina Amelia, b. April 27, 1796; Grand D. of Tuscany.

3. D. Frederic Augustus, b. May 18, 1797; m. by proxy, Sept. 26, and in person, Oct. 7, 1819, to

Caroline Ferdinandina Theresa Josepha De-

330

SAXONY.

metria, b. April 8, 1801, d. of the Emperor Francis of Austria.

4. D. Maria Anne Caroline, b. Nov. 5, 1799. See *Tuscany*.

5. D. John Nepomuk Maria Joseph, b. Dec. 12, 1801.

6. D. Maria Josepha Amelia, b. Dec. 6, 1803, Queen of Spain.

Aunt.

Maria Cunegunda Dorothea Hedwig Frances Xaveria Florentina, b. Nov. 10, 1740, Princess Abbess of the secularised Chapters of Essen and Thorn.

SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN (*Protestant*).

Pr. Gunther Frederic Charles, b. Dec. 5, 1760; suc. his father, Oct. 14, 1794, eldest Prince of the house of Schwarzburg; m. June 23, 1799, to

Wilhelmina Frederica Caroline, d. of Pr. Frederic Charles of Schwarzburg-Rudoldstadt, b. Jan. 21, 1774.

Issue.

1. The reigning Princess of Lippe-Detmold.

2. Gunther Frederic Charles, hered. Prince, b. Sept. 24, 1801.

Brothers and Sister.

1. Pr. Gunther Albert Augustus, b. Sep. 6, 1767.

2. Pr. Albertina Wilhelmina Amelia, b. April 5, 1771, separated from her husband, D. Ferdinand of Wurtemberg, by an arrangement concluded Aug. 3, 1801.

3. Pr. John Charles Gunther, b. June 24, 1772, Lieut. Gen. in the service of Hanover; m. July 5, 1811, to the

Pr. Gutherina Frederica Charlotte Albertina, d. of Pr. Frederic Christian Charles of this house.

SAXONY.

331

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Louisa Frederica Albertina Paulina, b. March 12, 1813.

2. Pr. Charlotte Frederica Amelia Albertina, b. Sept. 7, 1816.

*Widow of the uncle, Pr. Augustus.*

Pr. Christina Elizabeth Albertina, d. of Victor Frederic, Pr. of Anhalt-Bernburg, b. Nov. 14, 1746; widow, Feb. 10, 1806.

*Issue of that Prince.*

Princess-Dowager of Waldeck.

*Daughter of the late Pr. Frederic Christian Charles, son of Pr. Augustus.*

Guntherina Frederica Charlotte Albertina, b. July 24, 1791; wife of Pr. John Charles Gunther of this house. See above.

SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT.

Pr. Frederic Gunther, b. Nov. 6, 1793; suc. his father April 28, 1807, under the guardianship of his mother; assumed the reins of government, Nov. 6, 1814; m. Apr. 15, 1816, to Amelia Augusta, d. of Frederic, hered. Pr. of Anhalt-Dessau, b. Aug. 18, 1793.

*Issue.*

Gunther, hered. Pr. b. Nov. 5, 1821.

*Brother and Sister.*

1. Pr. Thecla, b. Feb. 23, 1795. See Schönburg-Waldenburg.

2. Pr. Albert, b. April 30, 1798.

*Mother.*

Pr. Caroline Louisa, d. of Frederic Louis William Christian, Landgr. of Hesse-Homburg, b. Aug. 26, 1771; widow of Pr. Louis Frederic, April 28, 1807.

E e 3

SPAIN.

332

*Uncle and Aunt.*

1. Pr. Charles Gunther, b. Aug. 23, 1771; m. June 19, 1793, to

Louisa Ulrica, d. of Frederic Louis William Christian, Landgr. of Hesse-Homburg, b. Oct. 26, 1772.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Francis Frederic Adolphus, b. Sept. 27, 1801.

2. Pr. Caroline, b. April 4, 1804.

3. Pr. Maria William Frederic, b. May 31, 1806.

4. Pr. Maria, b. April 6, 1809.

2. The reigning Princess of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.

SPAIN (Catholic).

King Ferdinand VII. b. Oct. 13, 1784; ascended the throne, March 19, 1808, on the abdication of his father, Charles IV. (dec. Jan. 19, 1819;) widower, May 21, 1806, by the death of Maria Antonietta Theresa, d. of K. Ferdinand IV. of the Two Sicilies; Dec. 26, 1818, by the death of Isabella Maria, d. of K. John VI. of Portugal, m. by proxy, Aug. 28, and in person, Oct. 20, 1819, to the

Queen Maria Josephina, b. Dec. 6, 1803, d. of Pr. Maximilian, of the royal house of Saxony.

*Brothers and Sisters.*

1. The Queen of Portugal.

2. The Queen-Dowager of Etruria. See Lucca.

3. Carlos Maria Isidore, Infant, b. March 29, 1788, m. by proxy, Sept. 4, and in person, Sept. 29, 1816, to the

Inf. Maria Frances, d. of K. John VI. of Portugal, b. April 22, 1800.

SWEDEN.

333

*Issue.*

Inf. Charles Louis Maria Ferdinand, b. Jan. 31, 1818.

4. The wife of the Pr. Roy. of the Two Sicilies.

5. Francis de Paule Antonio Maria, Inf. b. March 10, 1794 ; m. by proxy, April 15, and in person, June 12, 1819, to the

Inf. Louisa Charlotte, d. of Francis Januarius, Pr. Roy. of the Two Sicilies, b. Oct. 24, 1804.

*Issue.*

1. Isabella Frances Joseph, b. May 18, 1821.

2. Francis Maria Ferdinand, b. May 13, 1822.

*Uncle.*

Ferdinand IV. K. of the Two Sicilies, b. Jan. 12, 1751. See *Sicily*.

*Widow of the Inf. Don Pedro, son of Pr. Gabriel, Uncle of the King.*

Theresa, d. of K. John VI. of Portugal, b. April 29, 1793 ; widow, July 4, 1812.

*Son of that Prince.*

Sebastian Maria, b. Nov. 4, 1811.

SWEDEN (*Protestant*).

King Charles XIV. Jean (Bernadotte), b. Jan. 26, 1764 ; appointed Crown Prince, Aug. 21, 1810 ; suc. K. Charles XIII. of the house of Holstein, Feb. 5, 1818 ; m. Aug. 16, 1798, to Eugenie Bernardine Desirée Clary, b. Nov. 8, 1781.

*Issue.*

Jean François Oscar, Prince-Royal, Commandant in chief of the Swedish artillery, b. July 4, 1799.

*Son of K. Gustavus III. of the house of Holstein.*

Gustavus IV. Adolphus, b. Nov. 1, 1778 ; suc.

334

TUSCANY.

his father as K. of Sweden, March 29, 1792; abdicated the crown, June 6, 1809; m. Oct. 31, 1797, to

Frederica Dorothea Wilhelmina, d. of Charles Louis, hered. Pr. of Baden. (Separated Feb. 17, 1812.)

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Gustavus, b. Nov. 9, 1799.

2. The wife of Charles Leopold, Margrave of Baden.

3. Pr. Amelia Maria Charlotte, b. Feb. 22, 1805.

4. Pr. Cecilia, b. June 22, 1807.

*Sister of the Kings, Gustavus III. and Charles XIII.*

Pr. Sophia Albertina, b. Oct. 8, 1753, Abbess of Quedlinburg.

TUSCANY (Catholic).

Grand Duke Ferdinand, Archd. of Austria, b. May 6, 1769; suc. his father, Leopold, July 2, 1790; ceded Tuscany and received in exchange for this Grand-Duchy, by the recess of the Empire, of the 27th April, 1803, the Archbishopric of Salzburg with the Electoral dignity; declared Elector of Würzburg, after ceding Salzburg to his brother the Emperor, by virtue of a treaty of peace concluded at Presburg, Dec. 26, 1805; acceded to the Confederation of the Rhine, and assumed the title of Gr. Duke, Sept. 25, 1806; recovered Tuscany, in exchange for Würzburg, by the peace of Paris, May 30, 1814; widower, Sept. 19, 1802, by the death of the Infanta Louisa Amelia, d. of Ferdinand IV. K. of the Two Siciaries; m. secondly, May 6, 1821, to

Maria Ferdinandina Amelia, Gr. Duchess, b. April 17, 1796, d. of Pr. Maximilian, of the royal house of Saxony.

TURKEY.—WALDECK. 335

1. Archd. Leopold John Joseph, hered. Pr. b. Oct. 3, 1797; m. Oct. 28, 1817 by proxy, and Nov. 16 in person, to

Maria Anna Carolina, d. of Pr. Maximilian of Saxony, b. Nov. 15, 1799.

2. Archd. Maria Louisa, b. Aug. 30, 1798, Abbess of the Chapter of St. Anne.

3. The Princess of Savoy-Carignan.

Brothers, Sisters, &c. See Austria.

TURKEY (Mahometan).

Emperor Mahmud II. b. July 20, 1785; son of the Emperor Abdul Hamid, (dec. April 7, 1789,) proclaimed Emperor, July 28, 1808.

*Issue.*

1. Fatima Sultana, b. April 18, 1811.

2. Salyha Sultana, b. June 16, 1811.

3. Abdul Hamid, b. Mar. 6, 1813.

4. Mahmud Sultan, b. Feb. 19, 1822.

WALDECK (Protestant).

Pr. George Frederic Henry, b. Sept. 20, 1789; suc. his father, Pr. George, Sept. 9, 1813.

Brothers and Sisters.

1. Pr. Frederic Louis Hubert, b. Nov. 3, 1790.

2. The reigning Princess of Lippe-Schaumburg.

3. The wife of Duke Frederic Eugene of Württemberg.

4. Pr. Charles Christian, b. April 12, 1803; Lieut. in Bavarian service.

5. Pr. Herrmann Otho Christian, b. Oct. 12, 1809.

*Mother.*

Pr. Albertina Charlotte Augusta, b. Feb. 1, 1768, d. of Augustus, Pr. of Schwarzburg-

336

WURTEMBERG.

Sondershausen; widow of Pr. George, Sept.
9, 1813.

YOUNGER BRANCH OF THE COUNTS OF WALDECK.

(Bergheim.)

C. Josias William Frederic Christian Charles,
b. May 13, 1774, Col. in chief of a battalion
of Waldeck Inf.

Brother.

Charles, b. Nov. 17, 1778; m. April 25, 1819,
to the

Countess Caroline, d. of C. Schilling of Can-
stadt, b. Feb. 2, 1798.

Mother.

Christina Wilhelmina, b. Countess of Ysenburg-
Budingen, b. June 24, 1756.

WURTEMBERG (Protestant).

King William, b. Sept. 27, 1781; suc. his fa-
ther, K. Frederic, Oct. 30, 1816; widower,
Jan. 9, 1819, by the death of Catharine, d. of
the Emperor Paul, of Russia, and widow of
Duke Peter, of Holstein Oldenburg; m. se-
condly, April 15, 1820, to

Paulina Theresa Louisa, b. Sept. 11, 1800, d. of
Louis Frederic Alexander, Duke of Wurtem-
berg, Uncle to the King.

Issue of Queen Catherine.

1. Pr. Maria Frederica Charlotte, b. Oct. 30,
   1816.

2. Pr. Sophia Frederica Matilda, b. June 17,
   1818.

Issue of the present Queen.

3. Pr. Catherine Frederica Charlotte, b. Aug.
   24, 1821.

WURTEMBERG.

337

Brother and Sister.

1. Pr. Frederica Catherine Sophia Dorothea, b.
Feb. 21, 1783, m. to
Prince Jerome, of Montfort (Jer. Bonaparte).

2. Pr. Paul Charles Frederic Augustus, b. Jan.
19, 1785, m. Sept. 28, 1805, to
Catherine Charlotte, d. of Frederic, reigning
Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, b. June 17,
1787.

Issue.

1. Pr. Frederica Charlotte Maria, b. Jan. 9,
   1807, betrothed Jan. 8, 1822, to the Grand-
   Duke Michael of Russia.

2. Pr. Frederic Charles Augustus, b. Feb.
   21, 1809.

3. Pr. Paulina Frederica Maria, b. Feb. 25,
   1810.

4. Pr. Frederic Augustus Everard, b. Jan.
   24, 1813.

Queen Dowager, Second Wife of King Frederic.
Charlotte Augusta Matilda, d. of Geo. III. K.
of Great Britain, b. Sept. 29, 1766. Widow
Oct. 30, 1816. (Louisburg.)

Uncles and Aunt.

1. Widow of the eldest of the King's Uncles, Pr.
   Louis Frederic Alexander, dec. Sept. 20, 1817.

Henrietta, d. of Pr. Charles of Nassau Weil-
burg, b. April 23, 1780. (Kirchheim below the
Teck.)

Son of that Prince by his First Wife Maria, d.
of Prince Adam Czartorisky.

1. Pr. Adam Charles William Stanislaus Eu-
gene, b. Jan. 16, 1792.

Issue by his Second Wife.

2. The wife of the Archd. Joseph of Austria.

338

WURTEMBERG.

3. The hered. Princess of Saxe-Hildburg-
hausen.

4. The Queen of Wurtemberg.

5. Pr. Elisabeth Alexandrina Constantia, b.
Feb. 27, 1802.

6. Pr. Alexander Paul Louis Constantine, b.
Sept. 9, 1804.

2. Widow of Prince Eugene Frederic Henry, b.
Nov. 21, 1758.

Louisa, by birth Pr. of Stolberg-Gedern, b. Oct.
13, 1764. Widow of D. Augustus Frederic
Charles of Saxe-Meiningen. Widow for the
second time June 20, 1822.

Issue.

1. Pr. Frederic Eugene Charles Paul Louis,
b. Jan. 8, 1788, m. April 20, 1817, to the
Pr. Caroline Frederica Matilda, d. of George
Pr. of Waldeck, b. April 10, 1801.

Issue.

1. Pr. Maria Alexandrina Augusta Louisa,
b. March 25, 1818.

2. Pr. Eugene William Alexander Erdmann,
b. Dec. 26, 1820.

2. Pr. Frederica Sophia Dorothea Maria
Louisa, b. June 4, 1789, m. Sept. 28, 1811, to
Pr. Frederic Augustus Charles of Hohenlohe-
Ochringen.

3. Pr. Fred. Paul William, b. June 27, 1797.

3. The Empress-Dowager of Russia.

4. D. William Frederic Philip, b. Dec. 27,
1761, Field-Marshal in the King's army.
Widower Feb. 6, 1822, by the death of Fre-
derica Francis Wilhelmina, Countess Rhodis
of Tundersfeld, b. Jan. 21, 1777, m. Aug.
23, 1800.

*Issue, having the title of Counts of Wurtemburg.*

1. C. Christian Frederic Alexander, b. Nov.
5, 1801.

WURTEMBERG.

339

2. C. Frederic William Alexander Ferdinand, b. July 6, 1810.

3. C. Frederic Alexander Francis Constantine, b. Feb. 6, 1814.

4. Frederica Maria Alexandrina Charlotte Catherine, b. May 29, 1815.

5. D. Ferdinand Frederic Augustus, Field-marchal in the Austrian army, b. Oct. 22, 1763, m. by proxy, Feb. 3, 1817, to his second wife, the

Pr. Cunegunda Walpurga Paulina, d. of Francis George Charles Pr. of Metternich, b. Nov. 22, 1771.

6. D. Alexander Frederic, b. April 24, 1771, Gen. of Cav. in the Russian service, Governor of White Russia, m. Nov. 17, 1798, to Antonietta Ernestina Amelia, d. of Duke Francis of Saxe-Coburg, b. Aug. 28, 1779.

*Issue.*

1. Pr. Antonietta Frederica Augusta Maria Anne, b. Sept. 17, 1799.

2. Pr. Frederic William Alexander, b. Dec. 20, 1804.

3. Pr. Ernest Alexander Constantine Frederic, b. August 11, 1807.

7. D. Henry Frederic Charles, b. July 3, 1772, Lieut.-Gen. in the King's army.

ff

342 SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE.

<table><thead><tr><th>Sovereigns.</th><th>Date of Accession.</th><th>Age at do.<br>Years.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>28. Pr. of Hohenzollern-<br>Hechingen</td><td>1810 Nov. 2</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>29. Pr. of Waldeck</td><td>1813 Sept. 9</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>30. King of the Nether-<br>lands</td><td>Dec. 3</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>31. King of France</td><td>1814 May 30</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>32. Duchess of Parma</td><td>—</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>33. Duke of Modena</td><td>1815 June 8</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>34. Duchess of Lucca</td><td>—</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>35. Duke of Brunswick,<br>under the guard. of the<br>K. of Great Britain</td><td>—</td><td>16</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>36. Duke of Nassau</td><td>1816 Jan. 9</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>37. K. of Portugal and<br>Brazil</td><td>Mar. 20</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Regent since 1799</td><td>—</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>38. King of Wurtemberg</td><td>Oct. 30</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>39. Gr. Duke of Meck-<br>lenburg-Strelitz</td><td>Nov. 6</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>40. Prince Reuss of Greiz</td><td>1817 Jan. 29</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>41. D. of Anhalt-Dessau</td><td>Aug. 9</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>42. King of Sweden</td><td>1818 Feb. 5</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>43. Pr. Reuss of Schleiz</td><td>April 17</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>44. Gr. Duke of Baden</td><td>Dec. 8</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>45. D. of Anhalt-Cöthen</td><td>16</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>46. Landgr. of Hesse-<br>Homburg</td><td>1820 Jan. 20</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>47. King of Great Bri-<br>tain</td><td>29</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Regent since Jan. 10,<br>1811</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>48. Elector of Hesse</td><td>1821 Feb. 27</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>49. King of Sardinia</td><td>April 19</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td>50. Duke of Saxe-Gotha</td><td>1822 May 17</td><td>47</td></tr></tbody></table>

LIST

OF THE

Diplomatic Agents,

AT

the Principal Courts of Europe.

BERLIN.

ANHALT-Bernburg, } M. de l'Estocq, Resident
Dessau,
Köthen, } Minister.

Austria, Count Zichy de Vasonkö, Envoy Extraordinary

Baden, M. von Meyern, Chargé d'Affaires

Bavaria, C. Joseph von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen, Env. Ex.

Brunswick, Baron von Ompteda, Env. Ex.

Denmark, C. de Reventlow, Env. Ex.

France, Bar. de Rayneval, Env. Ex.

Great Britain, Rt. Hon. Sir George Henry Rose

Hamburg, M. Lappenberg, Res. Min.

Hanover, Bar. von Ompteda, Env. Ex.

Hesse-Cassel, M. Wilkens, Ch. d'Aff.

Hesse-Darmstadt, Baron Schuler von Senden, Env. Ex.

Hohenzollern-Hechingen } M. de l'Estocq,
Sigmaringen } Res. Min.

Lippe-Senaumburg } M. Greuhm, R. M.
Detmold

Mecklenburg-Schwerin, M. von Lützow, En. E.
Strelitz, M. Greuhm, R. M.

Naples, C. Gagliati, Env. Ex.

F f 3

344 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

Nassau, M. de l'Estocq, R. M.

Netherlands, M. de Perponcher, Env. Ex.

Portugal, M. Jos. Balbino Barbosa de Aranjo

Reuss, M. de l'Estocq, R. M.

Russia, ______

Sardinia, C. de Salès, Env. Ex.

Saxe-Weimar, M. de Cruikshank, Ch. d'Aff.

— Gotha

— Hildburghausen {

M. de l'Estocq, R. M.

Saxony, ______

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen }

M. de l'Estocq,

Rudolstadt }

R. M.

Spain, ______

Sweden, M. de Brandel, Env. Ex.

Wurtemberg, C. von Winzingerode, Env. Ex.

BERNE.

Austria, M. von Schraut, Env. Ex.

Baden, ______

Bavaria, M. von Orly, R. M.

France, C. de Talleyrand, Env. Ex.

Great Britain, H. W. W. Wynn, Esq. Env. Ex.

Netherlands, C. de Liedekerke

Pope, M. Nasali, Apost. Nuncio

Portugal, Chev. Carneiro Alvelloz, Ch. d'Aff.

Prussia, C. de Meuron, Min. Plen.

Russia, Bar. Krudener, Ch. d'Aff.

Sardinia, Chev. Courtois d'Arcollière, Ch. d'Aff.

Spain, M. de Viergol, Env. Ex.

Wurtemberg, M. von Kauffmann, Min. Plen.

BRUSSELS. See HAGUE.

CARLSRUHE.

Austria, Bar. von Hubry Geleny, Min. Plen.

Bavaria, C. von Reigersberg, Env. Ex.

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

315

France, C. de Montlezun, Min. Plen.

Hanover, Bar. von Reden, Env. Ex. (at present
at Rome).

Netherlands, ——

Prussia, M. von Küster, Env. Ex.

Russia, Bar. von. Benckendorf, Min. Plen.

Sweden, Chev. Hjort, R. M.

Switzerland, M. Escher, Env. Ex.

Wurtemberg, C. von Bismarck, Min. Plen.

CASSEL.

Austria, C. von Spiegel-Diesenberg, Env. Ex.

Bavaria, Bar. von Aretin, Env. Ex.

France, Bar. de Cabre, Env. Ex.

Hesse-Darmstadt, Bar. von Wiesenhütten, En. E.

Mecklenburg-Strelitz, M. von Hänlein, R. M.

Netherlands, C. de Grunne, Env. Ex.

Prussia, M. von Hänlein, Ch. d'Aff. ad interim.

Russia, M. de Canicob, Env. Ex.

Saxony, C. von Bose, Ch. d'Aff. See Hanover.

Sweden, Chev. Hjort, R. M.

CONSTANTINOPLE.

America, United States, Mr. Bradish, Agent

Austria, —— Internuncio

Denmark, Bar. Hübsch, Ag. and Consul-gen.

France, Marq. de la Tour Maubourg, Amb.

Great Britain, Lord Viscount Strangford, Amb.

Naples, C. Constantine Ludolf, Env. Ex.

Netherlands, M. Testa, Ch. d'Aff.

Prussia, C. von Schladen, Env. Ex.

Russia, Bar. Strogonoff, Amb. (absent)

Sardinia, Marq. de St. Laurent, Env. Ex.

Spain, M. Perez, Ch. d'Aff.

Sweden, Chev. de Palin, R. M.

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

347

Hesse-Cassel, M. von Malsburg, Ch. d'Aff.

Prussia, M. von Jordan, Env. Ex.

Russia, M. de Canicof, Min. Plen.

Saxe-Weimar
— Gotha

{ M. Verlohren, Ch. d'Aff.

Spain, —

Wurtemberg, C. von Winzingerode, Env. Ex.
See Cassel.

FLORENCE.

Austria, C. de Bombelles, Env. Ex.

Denmark, M. de Schubart, Min. Plen.

France, Marq. de Maisonfort, Min. Plen.

Great Britain, Lord Burghersh, Env. Ex.

Naples, Marq. de Silva, Ch. d'Aff.

Netherlands, M. Reinhold, Env. Ex.

Pope, M. Benvenuti, Nuncio

Portugal, M. Quin, Ch. d'Aff.

Prussia, M. Bartholdy, Ch. d'Aff. and Consul-
gen. for Italy.

Russia, M. de Swertschkoff, Ch. d'Aff.

Sardinia, C. de Castelalfer, Env. Ex.

Sweden, Chev. de Lagerswärd, Min. Plen.

FRANKFURT.

(Assembly of the Germanic Confederation).

1. Austria, C. von Buol-Schauenstein

2. Prussia, C. von Golz

3. Bavaria, —

4. Saxony, M. von Carlowitz

5. Hanover, M. von Hammerstein

6. Wurtemberg, Bar. von Wangenheim

7. Baden, Bar. von Blittersdorf

8. Hesse-Cassel, M. von Lepel

9. Hesse-Darmstadt, M. de Harnier

10. Holstein, C. von Eyben

11. Luxemburg, C. de Grunne

348 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

12. Saxony, Ernestine branch, C. von Beust

13. Mecklenburg, both branches, M. von Pentz

14. { Brunswick, M. von Hammerstein
Nassau, Bar. Marschall von Biberstein

15. { Oldenburg
Anhalt, the three branches
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
{ Rudolstadt
M. von
Both.

16. { Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Sigmaringen
Liechtenstein
Reuss, both branches
Lippe-Schaumburg
Detmold
Waldeck

17. { Lübeck, M. Gutschow
Frankfurt, M. Danz
Bremen, M. Smidt
Hamburg, M. Gries

Ministers of Foreign Courts accredited to the
Confederation.

France, C. de Reinhard, Env. Ex.

Great Britain, Hon. F. Lambe, En. Ex. & M. Pl.

Russia, M. d'Anstett, Env. Ex.

Sweden, Chev. Hjort, Res. Min. See Carlsruhe

Ministers accredited to the City.

Austria, Bar. von Handel, R. M.

Bavaria, Bar. von Härtling, R. M.

Denmark, C. von Eyben

France, C. de Reinhard, Min. Plen.

Hanover, Bar. von Strahlenheim, Ch. d'Aff.

Hesse-Cassel, M. von Motz, Min. Plen.

Darmstadt, Bar. von Wiesenhütten, Min.
Plen.

Mecklenburg, both branches, M. von Pentz.

Netherlands, C. de Grunne, Min. Plen.

Prussia, M. Himly, R. M.

Wurtemberg, Bar. von Blomberg, R. M.

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

349

HAMBURG.

America, United States, Mr. Cuthbert, Vice-Con.
Austria, Bar. Charles von Binder-Kriegelstein,
R. M.

M. Mutzenbecher, Cons. Gen.

Bavaria, M. Hildebrandt, Cons. Gen.

Denmark, M. Bokelmann, Cons. Gen.

France, M. de Marandet, Min. Plen.

Great Britain, J. C. Mellish, Esq. Ch. d'Aff.

Hanover, M. von Duve, Res.

Hesse-Cassel, M. Wolf, Agent

Mecklenburg-Schwerin, M. Pauli, Ch. d'Aff.

Netherlands, M. de Huygens, Min. Plen.

Portugal, M. Gabe de Massarellos, Cons. Gen.

Prussia, C. von Grote, Env. Ex.

Russia, M. von Struve, R. M.

Sardinia,

Saxony, K. of, M. Michaëlis, Cons.

Saxe-Weimar, M. Swaine, R. M.

Spain, M. de Montalbo, R. M.

Sweden, M. de Signeul, R. M.

HANOVER.

Austria, C. von Spiegel-Diesenberg, Env. Ex.
See *Cassel*.

France, M. de Moustier, Min. Plen.

Mecklenburg-Strelitz, M. Kästner, Agent

Prussia, C. von Grote, Env. Ex. See *Hamburg*

Russia, M. de Canicoff. See *Cassel, &c.*

Saxony, C. von Bose, Ch. d'Aff. See *Cassel*.

Wurtemburg, C. von Winzingerode, Min. Plen.

THE HAGUE.

America, United States, Mr. Everett, Ch. d'Aff.

Austria, C. von Mier, Env. Ex.

Baden, M. Röntgen, R. M.

350 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

Bavaria, Bar. von Giese, Env. Ex.
Denmark, Bar. de Selbye, Env. Ex.
France, Bar. de Mareuil, Env. Ex.
Great Britain, Earl of Clancarty, Amb.
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, M. Dahne von Varick,
Agent
Naples, Chev. de Raineri, R. M.
Nassau, M. Röntgen, Ch. d'Aff.
Portugal, M. Rama Nobra, Ch. d'Aff.
Prussia, ______
Russia, Bar. von Mayendorf, Ch. d'Aff.
Sardinia, Marquis d'Alfieri, Ch. d'Aff.
Spain, Chev. de Navia, Ch. d'Aff.
Sweden, Chev. d'Ohsson, Env. Ex.
Wurtemberg, M. Wächter, Ch. d'Aff.

LISBON.

America, United States, Mr. Dearborn, Env. Ex.
Austria, Chev. von Berks, Ch. d'Aff.
Denmark, M. Ayres, Cons. Gen.
France, M. Lesseps, Ch. d'Aff.
Great Britain, E. M. Ward, Esq. Ch. d'Aff.
Hanseatic Cities, M. Lindenberg, Cons. Gen.
Netherlands, M. de Mollerus, Env. Ex.
Pope, D. Joseph Cherubini, Apost. Leg.
Prussia, M. Pieters, Ch. d'Aff.
Russia, Bar. de Borel, Ch. d'Aff.

LONDON.

America, United States, R. Rush, Esq. Min. Pl.
Austria, Pr. Esterhazy, Amb. Mr. Rothschild,
Cons. Gen.
Baden, Bar. von Langsdorf, R. M.
Bavaria, Bar. de Cetto, Env. Ex.
Denmark, C. de Moltke, Env. Ex.
France, Vicomte de Chateaubriand, Amb.

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS. 351

Hanover, C. von Münster

Hanseatic Cities, Sir J. Colquhoun, Cons. Gen.

Hesse-Cassel. See Baden

Mecklenburg-Schwerin, M. Kreeft, Cons. and
Ch. d'Aff.

Naples, Count de Ludolf, senior, Env. Ex.

Netherlands, Baron F. de Fagel, Amb.

Oldenburg, M. Becher, Cons.

Porte (The) ——

Portugal, Bar. de Moraes Sarmento, Ch. d'Aff.

Prussia, Bar. von Werther, Env. Ex.

Russia, C. de Lieven, Amb. Ex.

Sardinia, C. de St. Martin d'Aglie, Env. Ex.

Saxony, Bar. von Just

Spain, Chev. Don Luis de Onis, Env. Ex.

Sweden, Bar. de Stjerneld, Env. Ex.

Switzerland, Alex. L. Prevost, Cons. Gen.

Wurtemberg, C. Mandelsloh.

## MADRID.

America, United States, Mr. Forsyth, Env. Ex.

Austria, P. Louis von Stahremberg, Amb.

Denmark, C. de Dernath, Env. Ex.

France, C. de la Garde, Amb.

Great Britain, Rt. Hon. Sir Wm. A'Court, Bart.
Env. Ex. and Min. Pl.

Hamburg, C. de Brunetti, R. M.

Naples, Duke de Canzano, Env. Ex.

Netherlands, M. van Zuylen de Nieveld, Env.
Ex.

Pope, Msgr. Giustiniani, Nuncic

Portugal, M. de Castro Pereira, Ch. d'Aff.

Prussia, M. von Schepeler, Ch. d'Aff.

Russia, M. de Tatischef, Env. Ex.

Sardinia, Marq. de Brignole-Sale, Env. Ex.

Saxony, ——

Sweden, C. de Tawast, Env. Ex.

gg

352 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

MÜNICH.

Austria, C. Joseph von Trautmannsdorf, En. Ex.

Baden, Bar. von Fahnenberg, Env. Ex.

France, M. de la Moussaye, Env. Ex.

Great Britain, Brook Taylor, Esq. Env. Ex.

Hesse-Cassel, M. von Lepel, Env. Ex.

Darmstadt, M. de Harnier, Env. Ex.

Naples, Marq. de Cagliari, M. Pl.

Netherlands, Bar de Kinkel, Env. Ex.

Pope, Msgr. Serra Cassano, Nuncio

Prussia, M. von Zastrow, Env. Ex.

Russia, C. Woronzow-Daschkow, Env. Ex.

Sardinia, C. de Santirane, Env. Ex.

Saxony, C. Charles von Einsiedel, Env. Ex.

Spain, M. Camillo de los Rios, M. R.

Wurtemberg, Bar. von Schmitz-Grollenburg.

NAPLES.

Austria, Pr. Jablonowsky, Env. Ex.

Bavaria, C. von Jenisson-Wallworth, Env. Ex.

Denmark, M. Vogt, Ch. d'Aff.

France, C. Deserre, Amb.

Great Britain, W. R. Hamilton, Env. Ex. and
Min. Pl.

Hamburg, M. Matsen, Cons. Gen.

Lucca, The Minister of Spain

Netherlands, M. de Boreel, R. M.

Portugal, Vicomte de Torre-Bella, Env. Ex.

Prussia, —

Russia, C. de Stackelberg, Env. Ex.

Sardinia, Marq. de St. Saturnin, Env. Ex.

Spain, Chev. de Onis, Env. Ex.

Sweden, C. de Posse, R. M.

PARIS.

America, United States, A. Gallatin, Esq. M. Pl.

Austria, Bar. von Vincent, Amb.

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

353

Baden, Bar. de Ferrette, Env. Ex.

Bavaria, M. de Cetto, Env. Ex.

Denmark, M. de Coopmanns, Ch. d'Af.

Germany, Free Cities, M. Abel, Res.

Gt. Britain, Rt. Hon. Sir Charles Stuart, Amb.

Hanover, C. von Grote, Env. Extraordinary

Hesse-Cassel, M. von Karcher, Res. Minister

Darmstadt, Bar. von Pappenheim, Env.

Extraordinary

Lucca, Marq. Casa Irujo. Env. Extraordinary

Mecklenburg-Schwerin, M. Oerthling, Ch. d'Af.

Strelitz, M. von Treitlinger, R.M.

Naples, Pr. de Castelcicala, Amb.

Nassau, M. von Fabricius, Ch. d'Af.

Netherlands, Bar. R. de Fagel, Env. Ex.

Parma, Chev. de Poggi, Min. Plenipotentiary

Pope, Msgr. Macchi, Archbp. of Nisibi, Nuncio

Porte, M. Mannos, Chargé d'Af.

Portugal, Marq. de Marialva, Ambassador

Prussia, C. von Goltz, Envoy Extraordinary

Russia, General Pozzo di Borgo, Ambassador

Sardinia, Marq. Alfieri de Sostegno, Amb.

Saxe-Weimar

Gotha

M. von Treitlinger, R. M.

Saxony, Bar. von Uechtritz, Env. Extraordinary

Spain, M. Noguera, Charge d'Aff.

Sweden, C. Gustavus de Löwenhjelm, Env. Ex.

Switzerland, M. de Tschann, Ch. d'Aff.

Tuscany, M. von Karcher, Chargé d'Aff.

Wurtemberg, C. von Müllinen, Env. Ex.

PETERSBURG.

America, United States, Mr. Middleton, Min.

Plenipotentiary

Austria, Chev. von Lebzeltern, Env. Ex.

Baden, —

Bavaria, C. de Bray, Min. Plenipotentiary

354 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

Denmark, C. de Blome, Env. Extraordinary

France, C. de la Ferronaye, Ambassador.

Germany, Free Cities of, ——

Great Britain, Right Hon. Sir C. Bagot, Amb.

Hanover, M. von Dörnberg, Env. Ex.

Hesse-Cassel, M. Vaudello, Com. Ag.

Mecklenburg-Schwerin, M. Prehn, Con.

Naples, Duke de Serracapriola, Env. Ex.

Netherlands, M. Verstolk de Sölen, Env. Ex.

M. Bordeau, R. M.

Portugal, C. de Lapa, Env. Extraordinary

Prussia, M. von Schöler, Env. Ex.

Sardinia, C. de Brusasco, Ch. d'Aff.

Saxony, C. George von Einsiedel, Env. Ex.

Spain, M. Salmon, Env. Extraordinary

Sweden, Bar. de Palmstjerna, Env. Ex.

Wurtemburg, C. von Beroldingen, Env. Ex.

RIO JANEIRO,

Austria, Bar. Von Marschall, Ch. d'Aff.

Denmark, M. del Borgo di Primo, Ch. d'Aff.

France, M. Mallet, Ch. d'Aff.

Great Britain, Rt. Hon. Ed. Thornton, Env. Ex.
and Min. Plen.

Pope, ——

Prussia, C. von Flemming, Env. Ex.

Russia, Chev. von Langsdorf, Cons. Gen.

Sardinia, Marq. Grimaldi de Boglio, Env. Ex.

ROME.

Austria, C. d'Apponyi, Ambassador

M. de Genotte, Ag.

Bavaria, Cardinal Häffelin, Min. Plen.

Denmark, Chev. de Bronstedt

France, Duc de Laval-Montmorency, Amb.

Hanover, Bar. von Reden, Env. Ex. See
Carlsruhe.

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

355

Modena, C. Ceccopieri, Ch. d'Aff.

Naples, Marq. de Fuscaldo, Min. Plen.

Portugal, M. de Mello Breyner, Env. Ex.

Prussia, M. Niebuhr, Env. Extraordinary

Russia, M. d'Italinski, Env. Extraordinary

Saxony, M. Adorni, Ch. d'Aff.

Spain, M. de la Pezuela, Min. Plen.

Sweden, M. Lagerswärd, R. M.

Switzerland, M. Snell

Wurtemberg, M. Kölle, Ch. d'Aff.

SCHWERIN AND STRELITZ.

Austria, Bar. Charles von Biuder-Kriegelstein,
R. M. See *Hamburg*.

Prussia, C. Grote, Min. Plen.

Russia, M. de Canicof, (See *Cassel, &c.*) at
Schwerin

Sweden, M. de Signeul, R. M. at Strelitz

STOCKHOLM.

America, United States, Mr. Hughes, Ch.
d'Aff.

Austria, C. von Woyna, Ch. d'Aff.

Denmark, M. Krabbe, Env. Extraordinary

France, C. d'Agoult, Env. Extraordinary

Great Britain, Rt. Hon. Sir Benj. Bloomfield,
Bart. Min. Plen.

Lucca, the Minister of Spain

Naples, Chev. d'Ambrosio, R. M.

Netherlands, M. de Dedel, Env. Ex.

Portugal, M. Oliveira, Env. Extraordinary

Prussia, M. von Tarrach, Env. Extraordinary

Russia, Bar. de Luchtelen

Saxony, M. von Merbitz, Ch. d'Aff.

Spain, Don —— Moreno, Env. Ex.

G g 3

356 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

STUTTGART.

Austria, C. von Thurn, Min. Plen.

Baden, M. Friedrich, Env. Extraordinary

Bavaria, Bar. von Tautphäus, Env. Ex.

France, C. George Caraman, Env. Ex.

Great Britain, Alex. Cockburn, Esq. Min. Plen.

Hanover, M. von Reden, Env. Ex.—See Carlsruhe

Hesse-Cassel, M. von Lepel, Min. Plen.

Darmstadt, M. de Harnier, Min. Plen.

Netherlands, ——

Russia, M. von Benckendorf, Min. Plen.

Saxony, M. von Wirsing, Ch. d'Aff.

Sweden, Chev. Hjort, R. M.

TURIN.

Austria, Bar. Francis von Binder-Kriegelstein, Envoy Extraordinary

Bavaria, C. von Freyen-Seyboltsdorf, Env. Ex.

France, Marq. de la Tour-Du-Pin Amb.

Gt. Britain, Hon. W. Hill, Env. Ex. and Min. Pl.

Modena, C. de Forli, Env. Extraordinary

Naples, Marq. de Spaccaforno, Env. Ex.

Netherlands, M. de Höven, Env. Ex.

Pope, Abbé Valenti, Ch. d'Aff.

Portugal, C. de Linhares, Env. Ex.

Prussia, C. von Waldburg, Env. Ex.

Russia, C. Mocenigo, Env. Extraordinary

Spain, Chev. Bardaxi d'Azara, Env. Ex.

VIENNA.

Anhalt-Bernburg, Bar. Erstenberg zum Freyenthurm, Ch. d'Aff.

Dessau, M. von Borsch, Ch. d'Aff.

Baden, M. von Tettenborn, Env. Ex.

Bavaria, Bar. von Stainlein, Env. Ex.

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS.

357

Denmark, C. Joachim de Bernstorff, Env. Ex.

France, Marq. de Caraman, Ambassador

Frankfort, M. von Pilgram

Great Britain, Marq. of Londonderry, Amb.

Hamburg, M. Rumpf, R. M.

Hanover, C. von Hardenberg, Env. Ex.

Hesse-Cassel, Bar. von Münchhausen, Env. Ex.

Darmstadt, Bar. von Braun, Env. Ex.

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, M. von Kirchbaur,
Charge d'Aff.

Mecklenburg, both branches, M. von Ditterich,
Charge d'Aff.

Naples, Pr. Ruffo, Ambassador

Nassau, M. d'Odelga, Ch. d'Affairs

Netherlands, Bar. Spaen de Voorstonden, Env.
Extraordinary

Pope, Msgr. Leardi, Bp. of Ephesus, Nuncio

Porte, M. de Maurojeny, Ch. d'Aff.

Portugal, Chev. Navarro d'Andrade, Env. Ex.

Prussia, Pr. von Hatzfeld, Env. Ex.

Russia, C. Golovkin, Env. Extraordinary

Sardinia, C. Rossi, Env. Extraordinary

Saxe-Weimar, M. Piquot, Ch. d'Aff.

Gotha and Meiningen, M. von Borsch,
Chargé d'Aff.

Hildburghausen, M. de Fabrice, Chargé
d'Aff.

Coburg, Chev. von Blumenberg, Chargé
d'Aff.

Saxony, C. von Schulenburg-Klosterrode, Env.
Extraordinary

Spain, Duke de San Fernando, Ambassador

Sweden, M. de Lagerheim, Ch. d'Aff.

Switzerland, Bar. Müller von Mühlegg, Ch.
d'Aff.

Tuscany, M. d'Odelga, Ch. d'Aff.

Wurtemburg, Bar. Gremp von Freudenstein,
Envoy Extraordinary

359

BRITISH CONSULS ABROAD.

AUSTRIAN STATES.

Venice, Richard Belgrave Hoppner, Cons.-gen.

Fiume, John Leard, Esq.

Trieste, George During, Esq.

Ragusa and Bocca di Cattaro, Thos. Turner, Esq.

DENMARK,

Charles Fenwick, Esq. Cons.-gen.

Iceland, Thos. Reynolds, Esq.

FRANCE,

David Richard Morier, Esq. Cons.-gen.

Marseilles, Alexander Turnbull, Esq.

Bordeaux, Harry Scott, Esq.

La Rochelle, John Close, Esq.

Nantes, Charles Knatchbull, Esq.

L'Orient, Francis Lascelles, Esq.

Havre-de-Grace, Archibald Gordon, Esq.

Calais, J. G. Marshall, Esq.

Corsica, Adolphus Palmedo, Esq.

HAMBURG,

Joseph Charles Mellish, Esq. Cons.-gen. of the
Hanse Towns

NAPLES,

Sir Henry Lushington, Bart. Cons.-gen.

Sicily, Frederic Lindeman, Esq.

NETHERLANDS,

Sir James Gambier, Consul-general

Amsterdam, Robert Melvil, Esq.

Antwerp, Hon. Robert Annesley

Rotterdam, Alexander Ferrier, Esq.

Ostend, Langford Heyland, Esq.

360 BRITISH CONSULS ABROAD.

OTTOMAN PORTE,

John Cartwright, Esq. Consul-gen.

Albania, William Meyer, Esq.

Egypt, Henry Salt, Esq.

PORTUGAL,

John Jeffrey, Esq. Consul-general

Oporto, John Crispin, Esq.

Madeira, Henry Veitch, Esq. Consul-gen.

Azores, Wm. Harding Read, Esq.

Brazil, Henry Chamberlain, Esq. Consul-gen.

Bahia, William Pennell, Esq.

Pernambuco, John Parkinson, Esq.

Maranham, Robert Hesketh, Esq.

PRUSSIA.

Königsberg, Thos. Fonblanque, Esq.

Dantzic, Alexander Gibson, Esq.

Stettin, F. W. Lutze, Esq.

Embden, Richard Rochfort, Esq.

ROMAN STATES,

John Parke, Esq.

RUSSIA,

Sir Daniel Bayly, Consul-general

Russian Ports on the Black Sea, Js. Yeames, Esq.

Duchy of Courland, Francis Keinitz, Esq.

Archangel, S. L. Jenkins, Esq.

SARDINIA.

Genoa, James Stirling, Esq.

Cagliari, John Bomeester, Esq.

SPAIN,

Hon. John Meade, Consul-general

Cadiz, James Robert Matthews, Esq.

Carthagena, Charles Chamberlain, Esq.

Malaga, William Laird, Esq.

BRITISH CONSULS ABROAD. 361

Valencia, Jasper Waring, Esq.

Barcelona, Peter Carey Tupper, Esq.

Biscay,

Guipuscoa,

Charles Dawson, Esq.

Bilboa,

Galicia,

Asturias,

Richard Bartlett, Esq.

Corunna,

Balearic Isles, Lewis Hargrave, Esq.

Canary Isles, Gilbert S. Bruce, Esq.

SWEDEN.

Gottenburg, John Robert Wise, Esq. Consul-
general

Stockholm, George Foy, Esq.

Norway, Charles Durie, Esq.

TUSCANY.

Leghorn, John Falconar, Esq.

UNITED STATES OF N. AMERICA,

A. St. John Baker, Esq. Consul-gen.

Massachusetts, George Manners, Esq.

Rhode Island, John Bernard Gilpin, Esq.

New London, James Stewart, Esq.

New York, James Buchanan, Esq.

Maryland, John Crawford, Esq.

Virginia, William Gray, Esq.

Philadelphia, Gilbert Robertson, Esq.

New Hampshire, Donald Mackintosh, Esq.

N. and S. Carolina and Georgia, Ben. Moodie,
Esq.

New Orleans, John Davidson, Esq.

368 POLULAT. OF THE PARISHES.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Olave, St. Old Jewry</td><td>239</td></tr><tr><td>Olave, St. Silver-str.</td><td>1135</td></tr><tr><td>Pancras, St. Soper-lane</td><td>190</td></tr><tr><td>Peter, St. Cornhill</td><td>731</td></tr><tr><td>Peter, St. near Paul's Wharf</td><td>346</td></tr><tr><td>Peter, St. le Poor, in Broad-street</td><td>576</td></tr><tr><td>Peter, St. Westcheap</td><td>266</td></tr><tr><td>Stephen, St. Coleman-str.</td><td>3062</td></tr><tr><td>Stephen, St. Walbrook</td><td>278</td></tr><tr><td>Swithin, St. London Stone</td><td>508</td></tr><tr><td>Thomas, St. the Apostle</td><td>565</td></tr><tr><td>Trinity-the-Less</td><td>502</td></tr><tr><td>Vedast, St. Foster-lane</td><td>393</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td>56,174</td></tr></tfoot></table>

PARISHES WITHOUT THE WALLS.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Andrew, St. Holborn, with Barnard's Inn</td><td>6234</td></tr><tr><td>Bartholomew, St. the Great</td><td>2931</td></tr><tr><td>Bartholomew St. the Less, Parish and Hospital</td><td>323</td></tr><tr><td>Botolph, St. without Aldersgate</td><td>4003</td></tr><tr><td>Botolph, St. Aldgate</td><td>9067</td></tr><tr><td>Botolph, St. without Bi-shopsgate</td><td>10,140</td></tr><tr><td>Bride, St. or Bridget</td><td>7283</td></tr><tr><td>Bridewell Hospital, with Bridewell</td><td>443</td></tr><tr><td>Dunstan, St. in the West</td><td>3549</td></tr><tr><td>Giles, St. without Cripple-gate</td><td>13,038</td></tr><tr><td>Sepulchre, St. without Newgate (part of)</td><td>8271</td></tr><tr><td>Trinity in the Minories</td><td>680</td></tr><tr><td>White Friars Precinct, extra parochial</td><td>1247</td></tr></tbody></table>

INNS OF COURT AND CHANCERY.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Barnard's Inn (included in St. Andrew's, Holborn).</td><td></td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>Clement's Inn (included in St. Clement Danes).</td><td></td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Clifford's Inn, extra-parochial</td><td></td><td>208</td></tr><tr><td>Furnival's Inn</td><td></td><td>405</td></tr><tr><td>Gray's Inn</td><td></td><td>268</td></tr><tr><td>Inner Temple</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lincoln's Inn</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Middle Temple</td><td>298</td></tr><tr><td>New Inn (included in St. Clement Danes).</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Serjeants' Inn, Chancery lane</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Serjeants' Inn, Fleet-str.</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Staple Inn</td><td>41</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td>69,260</td></tr></tfoot></table>

WESTMINSTER, CITY AND LIBERTY.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anne, St. Soho</td><td>15,215</td></tr><tr><td>Clement, St. Danes</td><td>10,753</td></tr><tr><td>George, St. Hanover-square</td><td>46,384</td></tr><tr><td>James, St.</td><td>33,819</td></tr><tr><td>James's, St. Palace, ex.-pa.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>John, St.</td><td>16,835</td></tr><tr><td>Leonard, St. Foster-lane (part of) site of New Post-Office.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Margaret, St.</td><td>22,387</td></tr><tr><td>Martin, St. in the Fields</td><td>28,252</td></tr><tr><td>Mary, St. le Strand</td><td>1784</td></tr><tr><td>Paul, St. Covent-Gard.</td><td>5834</td></tr><tr><td>Privy Gardens, extra-parochial.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Whitehall, extra-paroch.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Verge of the Palaces of St. James's and White-hall, extra-parochial</td><td>641</td></tr><tr><td>The Close of the Colle-giate Church of St. Peter, extra-parochial</td><td>181</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td></td><td>182,085</td></tr></tfoot></table>

OUT-PARISHES IN MIDDLESEX AND SURREY.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Andrew, St. Holborn, above Bars (part of) with St. George the Martyr</td><td>26,492</td></tr><tr><td>Artillery Ground, Old</td><td>1487</td></tr><tr><td>Bermondsey, St. Mary Magdalen</td><td>25,235</td></tr><tr><td>Bethnal Green, St. Mat.</td><td>45,676</td></tr><tr><td>Botolph, St. without Ald-gate</td><td>6429</td></tr><tr><td>Charter-house</td><td>144</td></tr><tr><td>Christ-Church, Spital-fields</td><td>18,650</td></tr><tr><td>Christ-Church, Surrey</td><td>13,339</td></tr><tr><td>Clement, St. Danes (part)</td><td>4010</td></tr></tbody></table>

POPULAT. OF THE PARISHES. 369

Clerkenwell, St. James
and St. John . . . 39,105
Duchy of Lancaster
(part of) . . . . . 489
Ely Place . . . . . . 268
Giles, St. in the Fields
and St. George, Blooms-
bury . . . . . . 51,793
George, St. in the East 32,528
George, St. Southwark 36,368
Glass-house Yard . 1358
Hackney, St. John . 22,494
Horsleydown, St. John 9,163
Islington, St. Mary . 22,417
Katherine, St. near the
Tower . . . . . . 2,624
Lambeth, St. Mary . 57,638
Limehouse, St. Ann . 9,805
Luke, St. Middlesex 40,876
Newington Butts, St.
Mary . . . . . . 33,047
Olave, St. Southwark 8,420
Rolls Liberty . . 2,737
Rotherhithe, St. Mary 12,523
Saffron-Hill and Hatton-
Garden . . . . . . 9,002
Saviour's, St. Southw. 16,808
Savoy, St. John Baptist 222
Sepulchre, St. (part of) 47,10
Shadwell, St. Paul . 9,557
Shoreditch, St. Leonard 52,966
Stepney, St. Dunstan 49,163
Thomas, St. Southwark 18,07
Tower Liberty . . 463
Tower, Old Precinct . 205
Wapping, St. John . 3078
Whitechapel, St. Mary 29,407

PARISHES NOT WITHIN
THE LONDON BILLS
OF MORTALITY,

Chelsea, St. Luke . 26,850
Kensington . . . . . 14,428
St. Mary-le-bone . 96,040
Paddington . . . . . 6,476
Pancras, St. . . . . . 71,838

GENERAL SUMMARY.

Within the Walls . 56,174
Without the Walls, not
including any part of
Southwark . . . . . 69,260
City of Westminster and
Liberties . . . . . . 182,085
Out-Parishes in Middle-
sex and Surrey, and
Parishes not within the
London Bills of Mor-
tality . . . . . . 918,175
Total . 1,225,694

N. B. This amount is exclusive of the constant but fluctuating accession arising from the arrival of coasting vessels, to the number of about 17,000 per annum, since the year 1817; for which, if one twenty-fifth part be added, it gives a total of 1,274,800 for the population of the metropolis.

Historical Chronicle

FOR 1822.

To be continued annually.

JANUARY.

1. Convocation of the States-General of Bavaria.

2. Fresh conspiracy against the government of the King of France at Béfort. Apprehension of most of the conspirators.

3. Change in the Spanish ministry.

15. The National Assembly of the states of Greece, convoked at Epidaurus, issues a decree respecting the new constitution of the Hellenes.

19. Opening of the meeting of the states of Hanover.

26. Opening of the States-General of Bavaria, at Munich. Continuation of the anarchy in Spain. Disturbances in Ireland.

FEBRUARY.

2. Entry of the President Boyer into the city of St. Domingo.

3. Frays between the Swiss and the French at Orleans.

4. Cessation of the censorship in France.

5. Ali-Pacha, the most cruel tyrant of modern times, after leaguing against the Porte with the people of his former government, whom he had oppressed, is at length obliged to surrender at discretion to the conqueror, and is put to death by command of the Grand Signor.

— Opening of Parliament.

7. Discovery of a plot at Nantes.

8. Apprehensions at Marseilles and Toulon.

11. The Prince-royal of Brazil orders the Portuguese troops to be sent back to the mother country. They sail on the 16th for Portugal.

12. Entry of General Riego into Madrid.

16. Decree of the Prince-royal of Brazil, respecting the establishment of a national representation.

17. Detonations of Vesuvius, which announce an approaching eruption.

HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.

389

19. Earthquakes in Italy and the south of France: in the department of the Ain, a shock throws down a horse and his rider.

24. Opening of the Congress of the deputies of Mexico.

— General Berton strives to excite an insurrection between Thouars and Saumur.

25. The county of Cork, in Ireland, proclaimed in a state of insurrection.

27. Fresh change of ministry in Spain.

— French troops make a descent on what was formerly the Spanish part of Haïti (St. Domingo).

28. Divan of Constantinople rejects the ultimatum of Russia. Remarkable eruption of Vesuvius, towards the conclusion of the month.

At this time violets and snow-drops were in flower: the elder, gooseberry, and other early shrubs, began to put forth leaves. Upon the whole, vegetation was this season six weeks earlier than usual. This meteorological phenomenon nearly resembled that of 1804.

MARCH.

1. Opening of the session of the ordinary Cortes at Madrid. General Riego elected President. Another change of ministry.

In the early part of this month, many disorders are committed in the churches of Paris, where the Missionaries perform the services of Lent. The students of that capital also occasion much rioting in the adjacent streets for some successive days. Several are excluded from the lectures of all the faculties of Paris, for having taken part in illegal meetings.

— Eruption of a volcano in the island of Umnak: violent shocks of earthquakes and subterraneous detonations.

3—6. Sea-fight between the Turks and Greeks off Patras.

8. Message of the President of the Congress of the United States, recommending the recognition of the independence of the Republic of Colombia, agreeably to the application of this new state. The representatives acquiesce in this recognition.

19. A new military conspiracy breaks out at La Rochelle, but fails.

23. Landing of the Greeks on the isle of Scio.

390 HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.

24. New Tarif of Russian customs.

At the beginning of this month Bolivar makes his entry into Quito. All Spanish America, with the exception of some points in the south of Chili, and in the interior of Peru, and also Porto Cabello, in the hands of the natives.

On the 6th of this month the Thames exhibited an extraordinary phenomenon. The wind blowing so violently from the S. W. that the flood-tide was interrupted for two hours, the water of the river was in consequence so low, that, in many places, people could walk on its bed. About noon the tide began to rise with great rapidity, and did considerable mischief.

APRIL.

2. A counter-revolution in Mexico, for the purpose of restoring the former connexion between that colony and Spain.

11. The Turks land in Scio, and ravage the island with fire and sword.

15. Capture of a squadron of French and Spanish slave-ships, by the boats of the British ships of war on the coast of Africa.

24. Tarif of customs in France.

28. M. de Poletica, the Russian envoy to the American Congress, quits Washington.

MAY.

6. The Asiatic troops begin to evacuate Moldavia and Walachia. The Sublime Porte resolves to appoint Boyars of these two provinces to the post of Hospodar.

8, 9, 10. Earthquake in Sicily. One of the shocks does great damage at Nicosia.

10. Death of the Abbé Sicard, Director of the Deaf and Dumb Institution at Paris.

12. A comet discovered at Marseilles.

13. The Prince-royal of Portugal assumes the title of Prince Regent and Constitutional Protector of Brasil.

21. The Sovereign Congress of Mexico proclaims Emperor Don Augustin Iturbide, born in New Spain, in 1799.

26. The Emperor Alexander sets out to review his army at Wilna, Witepsk, &c.

28. Closing of the States-general of Bavaria.

29. Violent earthquake at Bourbon-Vendée, in the direction from N. W. to S. W.

HISTORICAL CHRONICLE. 391

Great distress manifests itself in Ireland, owing to the
failure of the potatoe-crops. Subscriptions opened in
London and all over England for the relief of the Irish
perishing by famine and disease.

JUNE.

2. A conspiracy frustrated at Lisbon.

4. Change of ministry at Naples.

9. Dey of Algiers declares war against Spain and Holland.

11. A custom-house order issued in Bavaria, and on the 24th in the kingdom of Wurtemberg, against the importation of French productions and manufactures.

12. Great fire at Stockholm and at Norköping.

14. Commercial Treaty, signed at Washington, between France and the United States of America.

17. The United Brethren, or Moravians, celebrate the secular jubilee of the foundation of their community at Herrnhut, the principal establishment of their sect.

19. In the night between the 19th and 20th, Greek fire-ships approach the Turkish fleet, lying at anchor off Scio: they set fire to it, and the admiral's ship is blown up. The Captain-Pacha, the author of the miseries of that most unfortunate island, perishes.

30. Spanish Cortes closed by the King with a speech from the throne.

In the course of this month many Greeks put to death, and sold for slaves at Constantinople.

Plague at Algiers.

JULY.

2. Futile attempt of Lieutenant-colonel Carron to excite insurrection against the French government at New Breisach.

- Mutiny of the Royal Guards at Madrid. In an action on the 7th, between them and the militia, supported by the armed inhabitants, they lose 400 men, and are compelled to lay down their arms. Another change of ministry succeeds.

- Don Carlos, the king's brother, implicated in this revolt of the guards, brought before a court of justice; and on his refusal to answer interrogatories on oath, his property is sequestrated.

10. Prussian loan of three millions and a half sterling contracted for by Rothschild.

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mounted.

The same, in sheets, 11. 10s.

Four Plates, being the commencement of
a Series of Views near Kew, Richmond, and
Windsor, from Drawings made on the spot, by
J. Gendall, and engraved by Sutherland;
price, in Colours, 10s. 6d. size 17 by 12
inches.

No. 1. A View of Kew Castle, from the
Thames.

No. 2. A View of Richmond, taken from
under the Hill, looking towards the Bridge.

No. 3. Windsor Castle, from Eton Play-
ground.

No. 4. Entrance to Richmond Park.

Four Plates, after Vernet:—The Attack of
Mamelukes.

The Charge of Mamelukes.

The Halt of Mamelukes.

The Retreat of Mamelukes, size
23 inches by 16; price 15s. each, coloured.

Four Plates of Fox Hunting, from Paint-
ings, by R. B. Davies:

No. 1. Going Out.

2. Beating Cover.

13

3. The Chase, or Fox Hounds running breast high.

4. The Death, or Treeing the Fox; price in Colours, 15s. each. Size 28 by 12 inches.

Four Plates of Coursing, engraved by C. Turner, from pictures by E. Jones, Esq. Size 18 inches by 13. Price 2l. 2s. the set. Plain, 4l. 4s. coloured.

Four Plates:—Portraits of Rubens, his two Wives, and Son; engraved by Maile, after Drawings taken from the Original Paintings of that eminent Master, by Gobaud. Size 6 by 12 inches; price in colours 21s. each.

Also, Four Plates:—Mademoiselle Lunsens, after Rubens.—La Belle Franscatone, after Raphael.—Mademoiselle Vanmaelder, after Vandyke.—Adele la Venitiene, after Tintoretto. Size twenty-two inches and a half by sixteen. Price 1l. 11s. 6d. each in colours.

In the Month of Dec. will be published,

A Sett of FOX HUNTING, in 4 plates, by D. WOLSTENHOLME, size 13 inches by 10, price 1l. 4s. coloured.

A Sett of COURSING, 4 plates, by Ditto, same size and price.

A Sett of SHOOTING, 4 plates, by Ditto, same size and price.

A NEW DRAWING BOOK, in the manner of chalk, containing twelve plates, (Views in the West of England,) drawn and engraved by S. PROUT, price 12s.

A NEW DRAWING BOOK, containing 12 Views in the North of England, by S. PROUT. Price 15s.

14

PROUT'S NEW DRAWING BOOK,
of Picturesque Objects for Young Students,
drawn on Stone, by S. PROUT; price 6s.

PYNE'S RUSTIC FIGURES, in 12
Numbers, 8vo. 2s. 6d. each; half bound,
11. 11s. 6d. The same, large 4to. six num-
bers, 6s. each; half-bound, 11. 16s.

A Series of Easy Lessons in Landscape
Drawing, containing 40 plates, from the
first principles in the Chalk manner, to the
finished Landscape in colours. By Samuel
Prout. Price 11. 11s. 6d. half bound.

R. ACKERMANN has also on sale a large
collection of Lithographic Prints from
Munich, Paris, and other parts of the Con-
tinent; together with stones and various
requisites for artists and amateurs in the
Lithographic art.

ELEGANT AND ENTERTAINING
GAMES. The Road to Ruin, an enter-
taining Game for a round Table; con-
sisting of 20 humorous Cards, a large Plan,
and Directions for playing, in English and
French. Price 8s. 6d.

Endless Metamorphoses, consisting of
12 Subjects, each composed of 12 Parts,
by the various combinations of which
many Thousand diverting Figures may be
formed. 7s. 6d.

Geometrical and Architectural Recrea-
tions, affording amusing Introduction to

15

the Rudiments of Plane Geometry, and
Architectural Drawing. 8s. 6d. each.

Changeable Ladies and Gentlemen;
being an assemblage of moveable Human
Features, calculated to afford an inex-
haustible Source of amusement. 7s. 6d.
each box.

Fables in Action. 6s.—The Mill, 2s. 6d.
The Grimacer, or Transformation of Faces.
7s. 6d.—The Toilet, 4s. 6d.—A variety of
Rollers, from 5s. to 21s.—Barrel Puzzle,
2s.—Pictorial Cards, 12s.—Chinese Puz-
zles, in a Series of 36 elegant Figures,
combining Amusement with Instruction.
Three Numbers and Box, 9s.

ACKERMANN'S CIRCULATING PORT-
FOLIOS,

Consisting of the choicest Drawings and
Prints, on the following Terms:—Yearly Sub-
scription 4 Guineas—Half Yearly do. 2 Gui-
neas—Quarterly do. 1 Guinea. The Money
to be paid at the time of Subscribing.

Weekly Subscribers to pay 3s. per Week—
taking at a time Drawings or Prints not ex-
ceeding Two Guineas; for which a Deposit
is made until the Drawings or Prints are
returned.

Subscribers are not to take, at one time,
Drawings or Prints to a greater amount than
their Subscriptions, but they may exchange
them as often as agreeable. It will be need-
less to recommend care of the Drawings and