TABLE OF CONTENTS

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>Page</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>The Basic Foci of the Policy Issues Project.</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Some Reasons for Professional and Independent Policy Research.</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Art of Policy Research (Some Problems and "Tricks").</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>On Speculating, Extrapolating, Projecting, Forecasting and Predicting.</td><td>4-6</td></tr><tr><td>Miscellaneous Topics in Policy Research.</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Outline of the Policy Issues Project.</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>The BNSP Approach.</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Basic Policy Themes and Attitudes.</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>The Seven Levels of Analysis.</td><td>11-14</td></tr><tr><td>Various Thumbail Themes, Sketches, and Archetypes of Personal Characters and Philosophies.</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Appendix:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thumbail Descriptions of the Thirty BNSP Themes.</td><td>16</td></tr></tbody></table>

SOME REASONS FOR PROFESSIONAL AND INDEPENDENT POLICY RESEARCH

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① ...it is especially in the conduct of their foreign relations that democracies appear to me decidedly inferior to other governments. Experience, instruction, and habit almost always succeed in creating in a democracy a homely species of practical wisdom and that science of the petty occurrences of life which is called good sense. Good sense may suffice to direct the ordinary course of society; and among a people whose education is completed, the advantages of democratic liberty in the internal affairs of the country may more than compensate for the evils inherent in a democratic government. But it is not always so in the relations with foreign nations.

Foreign politics demand scarcely any of those qualities which are peculiar to a democracy; they require, on the contrary, the perfect use of almost all those in which it is deficient. Democracy is favorable to the internal resources of a state; it diffuses wealth and comfort, promotes public spirit, and fortifies the respect for law in all classes of society: all these are advantages which have only an indirect influence over the relations which one people bears to another. But a democracy can only with great difficulty regulate the details of an important undertaking, persevere in a fixed design, and work out its execution in spite of serious obstacles. It cannot combine its measures with secrecy or await their consequences with patience. These are qualities which more especially belong to an individual or an aristocracy; and they are precisely the qualities by which a nation, like an individual, attains a dominant position.

If, on the contrary, we observe the natural defects of aristocracy, we shall find that, comparatively speaking, they do not injure the direction of the external affairs of the state. The capital fault of which aristocracies may be accused is that they work for themselves and not for the people. In foreign politics it is rare for the interest of the aristocracy to be distinct from that of the people.

...Almost all the nations that have exercised a powerful influence upon the destinies of the world, by conceiving, following out, and executing vast designs, from the Romans to the English, have been governed by aristocratic institutions. Nor will this be a subject of wonder when we recollect that nothing in the world is so conservative in its views as an aristocracy. The mass of the people may be led astray by ignorance or passion; the mind of a king may be biased and made to vacillate in his designs, and, besides, a king is not immortal. But an aristocratic body is too numerous to be led astray by Intrigue, and yet not numerous enough to yield readily to the intoxication of unreflecting passion. An aristocracy is a firm and enlightened body that never dies.

-- Alexis de Tocqueville's
Democracy in America

⑥ THE CUSTOMARY AND (IF AVAILABLE) BEST TOOLS
RELEVANT KNOWLEDGE, EXPERIENCE, PERCEPTION,
JUDGMENT, INSIGHT, AND INTUITION

⑦ IN GENERAL POLICY RESEARCH CAN OFTEN BE BEATEN BY:

| | |
| :--- | :--- |
| **INVENTORS** | "UNINVOLVED" |
| **ENTREPRENEURS** | "INVOLVED" |
| **INNOVATORS** | SCHOLARLY |
| **PROMOTERS** | PRACTICAL |
| **"LOCAL"** | "BUREAUCRAT" |
| **"FOREIGNER"** | "REVOLUTIONIST" |

② AN OVEREMPHASIS ON ACADEMIC EDUCATION CAN RESULT IN:

EXPANSION OF THE ADOLESCENT SUBCULTURE

MANDARINISM (INTELLECTUAL AS "FATHER & MOTHER OF HIS COUNTRY")

MERITOCRACY

OVEREMPHASIS ON 'BOOK LEARNING' (CONCEPTUAL WORLD & DOCUMENTED INFORMATION RATHER THAN EXISTENT WORLD & PERCEIVED OR ORALLY TRANSMITTED INFORMATION)

"TRAINED INCAPACITY"

INTELLECTUAL AND/OR EDUCATED PAROCHIALISM

ALIENATION FROM ONE'S OWN CULTURE OR SUBCULTURE

OTHER ALIENATION FROM THE PRACTICAL WORLD

④ THE POWERLESSNESS OF THE POWERFUL

1. IS IT TRUE THAT THE ONLY TWO SUPERPOWERS ARE NORTH KOREA AND NORTH VIETNAM (HOW ABOUT RUANIA, CZECHOVAKIA, FRANCE, AND CHINA?)

2. THE POWERFUL (E.G., U.S., JOHNSON'S ADMINISTRATION, BERKELEY AND COLUMBIA ADMINISTRATIONS, SOVIET UNION, CPSU, ETC.) USUALLY BELIEVE THEY CAN GET AWAY "WITHOUT THINKING" (I.E., WITH MORE OF THE SAME AND/OR BUSINESS AS USUAL).

3. THE "POWERLESS" KNOW THEY HAVE TO BE INGENIOUS, CLEVER, DEDICATED, DISCIPLINED, OR SOMETHING, THEY ALSO KNOW THEY SHOULD TRY TO USE JUITSU (USE THE STRENGTH AND MIGHT OF THE OPPOSITION TO GET LEVERAGE).

4. THIS IS AN ENORMOUS ADVANTAGE THE FLEXIBLE, AGILE, AND AUDACIOUS POWERLESS HAVE OVER THE RIGID, SECURE, SMUG, AND DOGMATIC POWERFUL.

③ WHY "TRAINED INCAPACITY"?

1. CLASSIC TENDENCY TO EXERCISE FAVORITE OR ACCUSTUMED MUSCLES (SKILLS AND FORMULATIONS)

2. NORMAL PAROCHIAL PROFESSIONALISM AND EMPHASIS

3. ARBITRARY OR EVEN BIASED BUREAUCRATIC OR ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROLS

4. MISPLACED GLAMOUR AND INCENTIVES

5. IDEOLOGICAL BIASES

6. SHEER LACK OF IMAGINATION, COURAGE, EXPERTISE OR OTHER REQUIREMENT FOR USEFUL INNOVATION

⑤ FIVE TOOLS OF POLICY RESEARCH

1. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS, AND SIMPLE THEORY.

2. METAPHORS AND HISTORICAL ANALOGUES.

3. ANALYTIC MODELS INVOLVING:

A. AN ANALYZABLE DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS,

B. THE DEVIATION OF ALTERNATIVE POLICIES,

C. THE EXPLANATION OF CRITERIA, OBJECTIVES, OR VALUES, AND

4. PROPAEUTISTIC AND HEURISTIC METHODOLOGIES AND PARADIGMS.

5. SCENARIOS, GAMING AND OTHER USE OF "ARBITRARY" SPECIFICATIONS AND STIMULATION; E.G., SURPRISE-FREE PROJECTIONS, STANDARD AND CANONICAL WORLDS, ETC.

EXCERPTS FROM HUDSON INSTITUTE BROCHURE

⑧ ...New elements...have reduced the value of experience as a guide to policy planning. Thus there are new needs for research and analysis that complement the decision-maker's traditional sources of advice and ideas. Organizations devoted to such studies must strive for a diversity of personnel working together in an organized manner, yet in an atmosphere of freedom of inquiry and emphasis. They must seek to provide a degree of time and detachment which rarely is possible in the studies of an official agency and a degree of focus and integration which is rarely available in a university or center for international studies...

...Major purpose is not to design blueprints for public policy or instructions for specific policy objectives...emphasis is usually on providing a broad, workable, conceptual framework within which intelligent and successful policy is more likely to be developed.

Hudson Institute studies emphasize long-range objectives and/or crucial issues, especially those that are not currently perceived as pressing and immediate...the Institute attempts to act as a "lobby for the future" or at least as a "lobby" for these important but not urgent issues...there are many operations-research, system-analysis and policy-research organizations which are filling "felt" needs of the government....Rather than filling needs already felt to be urgent, Hudson seeks to do better (or differently) what senior members of the government must ordinarily do for themselves: namely, to determine what issues are important and which may become urgent though they are not yet recognized as such. Although its usefulness is not always so easily appreciated, research to this end--at least if done well--seems necessary for long-range policy effectiveness. For some of the major objectives of such research see Chart 4, page 1.

THE SEVEN LEVELS OF ANALYSIS

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11

①
THE SEVEN LEVELS OF ANALYSIS FOR U.S. POLICY RESEARCH

1. BEYOND THE U.S. NATIONAL INTEREST

2. THE NATIONAL INTEREST AND BEYOND (ENLIGHTENED NATIONAL INTEREST)

3. THE (NARROW) NATIONAL INTEREST.

4. BASIC POLICY OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES (NSC)

5. PURPOSES, REQUIREMENTS, AND CRITERIA (DEPARTMENTAL AND AGENCY PLANNERS)

6. CAPABILITIES AND SYSTEMS (AREA AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS)

7. CAPACITIES, RESOURCES, WEAKNESSES (SPECIFIC OR BASIC ISSUES AND PROBLEMS)

THE NATIONAL GOALS (PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL LEVEL)

②
THE RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES

1. HUMANITY, UNITED NATIONS, ETHICAL AND MORAL ADVISORS

2. A MIXTURE OF LEVELS ONE AND THREE

3. THE PRESIDENT, CONGRESS, AND VARIOUS PRESSURE GROUPS AND ELECTORATES

4. THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL AND ASSOCIATED ORGANIZATIONS

5. AID, STATE, DEFENSE, TREASURY, ETC.

6. THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, AND THEIR OPERATING DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES, VARIOUS LEADERS, ELITES AND ORGANIZED SPECIAL INTERESTS, VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, ETC.

7. JUST ABOUT EVERYBODY

③
THE EXPERTS

1. MORALISTS, PHILOSOPHERS, THEOLOGIANS, AND PROPHETS

2. MIXTURE OF 1 AND 3

3. POLITICIANS, STATESMEN, POLITICAL SCIENTISTS, AND "SPECIAL INTERESTS"

4. STRATEGISTS, LONG-RANGE PLANNERS, AND OTHER STUDENTS OF BASIC POLICY PLUS 3 ABOVE

5. SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, SENIOR STAFFS, AND CONSULTANTS

6. OPERATIONS RESEARCHERS, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STAFFS, SPECIALIZED EXPERTS

7. ECONOMISTS, ENGINEERS, SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, GEOGRAPHERS, BUSINESS MEN, ETC.

THE FIRST LEVEL

④
FIRST LEVEL: BEYOND THE NATIONAL INTEREST

1. FELLOW-FEELING FOR ALL HUMAN BEINGS, WHATEVER REGIME THEY MAY LIVE UNDER.

2. SENSE OF MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS ALLIES AND NON-ALLIES LOOKING TO US (OR NEEDING US) FOR PROTECTION.

3. THE FEELING THAT A STEP TOWARDS A PEACEFUL OR UNITED WORLD IS A STEP FORWARD, AND A STEP AWAY FROM IT IS A STEP BACKWARD.

4. CULTURAL HERITAGE OF HONESTY, FAIR PLAY, JUSTICE, CHIVALRY, SOLICITUDE FOR CHILDREN, MERCY, AND GENEROSITY.

5. BAD CONSCIENCE ABOUT PLANNING, THREATENING, OR USING WAR, VIOLENCE, OR OTHER THAN LEGAL TECHNIQUES IN PURSUIT OF NARROWLY-DEFINED SELF-INTEREST.

6. RELIGIOUS, THEOLOGICAL, AND OTHER MORAL CONSIDERATIONS.

⑤
IS THIS A PROPER SUBJECT FOR A U.S. BNSP?

INESCAPABLY, HESITATINGLY, TERRIBLE LIKE FATE, THE GREAT TASK AND QUESTION APPROACHES:

HOW SHOULD THE EARTH AS A WHOLE BE ADMINISTERED?

TO WHAT END SHOULD MAN--NO LONGER A PEOPLE OR A RACE--BE RAISED AND BRED?

NIETZSCHE

⑥
IS THIS?
POSSIBLE GUIDING PRINCIPLES

LIBERTY      EQUALITY      LIBERTY      ORDER

EQUALITY      FRATERNITY    PLURALISM    HIERARCHY

FRATERNITY  "CLASSLESS"  DIVERSITY      :

MONOLITHICITY "CLASSES" EFFICIENCY

SOCIAL JUSTICE

SOCIAL ORDER

⑨
WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE?

* ANTIBIOTICS

* USING INSECTICIDES (JAINS)

* EATING MEAT (VEGETARIANS)

* ANY VIOLENCE (RELIGIOUS PACIFISTS)

* HIGH EXPLOSIVE WARS (WORLD WAR I PACIFISTS)

* KILOTON (NUCLEAR PACIFISTS)

* MEGATON (MANY STRATEGISTS IN THE FIFTIES)

* GIGATON (U.S. DECISION-MAKERS)

* DOOMSDAY MACHINES (ALMOST EVERYBODY ELSE)

* GALAXY-DESTROYING MACHINES (3 PEOPLE)

* UNIVERSE-DESTROYING MACHINES (X)

⑦
OR THIS?
(ESCALATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY)

1. MINOR MODIFICATION OF CURRENT SYSTEM

2. ALL-OUT WAR SYSTEM WITHERED AWAY

A. RULE OF LAW

B. PLURALISTIC SECURITY COMMUNITY

C. RULE OF FAIT ACCOMPLISH (INTERNAL WAR)

D. INSTRUMENTAL WARS (RATIONAL SELF-INTEREST RESTRAINTS)

E. AGONISTIC WARS (LIMITED BY ABSOLUTE RULES)

F. POTLATCH WARS (SPACE, FOREIGN AID, "SHOWN" SYSTEMS, ETC)

G. OTHER SUBSTITUTE FOR CENTRAL WAR

3. ELIMINATION OR CONTROL OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION BY:

A. AGREEMENT OR REVOLUTION

B. LARGE SETBACK TO CIVILIZATION

4. OTHER BASIC CHANGE IN SYSTEM

A. BLOC SYSTEMS (WITH RESTRAINTS AND RITUALS)

B. COMMUNITY SANCTIONS

C. CONDOMINIUMS (U.S.-S.U.7, COLLECTIVE SECURITY?, U.N.?)

D. CONCERT OF (LARGE OR SMALL) POWERS

E. "WORLD GOVERNMENT"

F. WORLD EMPIRE (OR EMPIRES)

G. DISARMED, BUT "UNCONTROLLED" NATIONS

⑩
HOW WOULD THE AMERICAN PRESIDENT CHOOSE?

<table><thead><tr><td></td><td>PROBABILITY OF FAILURE</td><td>DESTRUCTION IF FAILURE</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>WEAPON SYSTEM X</td><td>.2</td><td>100% OF U.S. & S.U. POPULATION</td></tr><tr><td>DOOMSDAY MACHINES</td><td>.1</td><td>HUMANITY</td></tr></tbody></table>

⑧
DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DETERRENT

1. TERRIFYING (OR AT LEAST FRIGHTENING, UNACCEPTABLE, OR UNPROFITABLE)

2. INEXORABLE (CREDIBLE OR NOT INCREDIBLE)

3. PERSUASIVE (EVEN TO RELATIVELY IRRATIONAL, STUPID, OR EMOTIONAL DECISION-MAKERS)

4. INEXPENSIVE

5. FOOLPROOF

6. CONTROLLABLE AND RESTRAINED

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13

# THE SEVEN LEVELS OF ANALYSIS (CONT.)

## THE FOURTH LEVEL

①

### FOURTH LEVEL: BASIC POLICY OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES
(TRADITIONAL GEOPOLITICAL LEVEL)

A. "RATIONAL" USE OF LEVELS FIVE, SIX AND SEVEN IN ALL THE BNSP AREAS TO PURSUE NATIONAL GOALS

B. EFFECTS ON PRINCIPAL ACTORS

C. EFFECTS ON OTHERS

D. U.S. ASSURANCE, "STYLE," AND DOMESTIC CAPABILITIES

E. SUITABILITY FOR CURRENT ADMINISTRATION

F. SOME SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

"MONROE DRITRINE"

"NATO"

"CONTAINMENT"

"GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY"

②

### HOW IS TN WAR THE SAME?

1. WE STILL HAVE ESCALATION-PRONE CONFLICTS

2. RECUPERATION LIKELY--SURVIVORS WILL NOT ENVY THE DEAD

3. BARGAINING

A. PREATTACK

B. POSTATTACK

4. POSSIBILITY OF LONG SHOTS AND SURPRISES, OF CANNAE'S, PEABL HARBOR AND MUTUAL DESTRUCTION, AND OF BOTH "RATIONAL" AND "IRRATIONAL" DECISIONS, ACTIONS AND MOTIVATIONS

⑤

### FOR SUCCESSFUL EXTENDED DETERRENCE U.S. MUST CONVINE X THAT:

1. U.S. MIGHT PREFER U.S. STRIKE TO OTHER U.S. ALTERNATIVES

2. U.S. PROBABLY PREFER X'S ACQUIESCENCE TO U.S. STRIKE

3. U.S. IS UNLIKELY TO PRE-EMPT OR TO BE ACCIDENT-PRONE (THEREFORE X NEED NOT PRE-EMPT)

⑨

### POSSIBLE PURPOSES, REQUIREMENTS, AND CRITERIA OF DOD
(FOR NUCLEAR FORCES)

1. PREATTACK THREATS OR WARNINGS (DETERRENCE) SECOND-STRIKE RETALIATION (TYPE I DETERRENCE) FIRST STRIKE (TYPE II DETERRENCE) GRADUATED (NUCLEAR) RESPONSE INADVERTENT ERUPTION

2. PUNISHMENT OR REVENGE SPASM (RETALIATORY) COUNTERVALUE ATTACK MEASURED (SECOND-STRIKE) ATTACK GRADUATED ATTACK

3. IMPROVED WAR OUTCOME SITUATIONS RANGE OF SITUATIONS FOR 1 AND 2 ABOVE PREVENTIVE WAR POTENTIAL MILITARY SOLUTION TO SPECIAL SITUATIONS

4. ARMS CONTROL PURPOSES, REQUIREMENTS AND CRITERIA TECHNICAL STABILITY WAR-FIGHTING RESTRAINTS REDUCED COSTS REDUCED LEVELS OF ULTIMATE DESTRUCTION STABILITY AGAINST CHEATING PROVOCATION AVOIDING AND TENSION REDUCING AVOID OCCASIONS FOR STIMULATING ARMS COMPETITION

5. FLEXIBILITY

6. OTHER BNSP PURPOSES

③

### HOW IS TN WAR DIFFERENT?

A. DESTRUCTIVENESS--BALANCE OF TERROR

B. COMPLEXITY

C. COMMON ATTITUDES

1. REJECTION

a. INCLUDING REJECTING DETERRENCE

b. BUT RELYING ON DETERRENCE

2. "ACCEPTANCE"

a. "CONTROLLED"

b. UNCONTROLLED

D. LONG-TERM UNACCEPTABILITY

1. MEANING OF ABOVE

2. EFFECT OF BELIEVING

3. CURRENT INSTABILITY

4. BUYING TIME--SYSTEMS BARGAINING

E. EMPHASIS ON DETERRENCE OR DOOMSDAY DETERRENCE

F. LACK OF EMPHASIS ON TACTICS AND WAR FIGHTING

G. NEED FOR EMPHASIS ON TACTICS AND WAR FIGHTING

H. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ARMS COMPETITION

1. NEED FOR WELL-ARTICULATED STRATEGIES

⑥

### SCORING SITUATIONS FOR AN EXTENDED DETERRENCE "POSTURE"

<table><thead><tr><td>OPPONENT</td><td>SCENARIO</td><td>MINIMUM U.S. OBJECTIVE (IF DETERRENCE FAILS)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>SOVIET UNION</td><td>S.U, CONVENTIONAL ATTACK ON EUROPE</td><td>TO HELP HOLD OR FORCE BACK S.U.</td></tr><tr><td>SOVIET UNION</td><td>"NUCLEAR BLACKMAIL"</td><td>LIMIT IMPACT OF PROBES TEACH S.U. A LESSON RESTORE CONFIDENCE</td></tr><tr><td>CHINA</td><td>ATTACK ON FORMOSA (JAPAN)</td><td>WIN THE PEACE</td></tr><tr><td>CHINA</td><td>"NUCLEAR BLACKMAIL"</td><td>SAME AS WITH S.U. PLUS WIN PEACE</td></tr></tbody></table>

④

### THERE ARE DISTINGUISHABLE LEVELS OF DETERRENCE

MINIMUM

DETERRENCE BY UNCERTAINTY

DETERRENCE BY THRESHOLD

PRE-EMPTIVE ACCOMMODATION

PREVENTIVE ACCOMMODATION

DETERRENCE BY TABOO

WORKABLE

ADEQUATE

RELIABLE

APPROACHING ABSOLUTE

NEAR ABSOLUTE (STARK)

⑦

### NONASSURANCE CAN BE CAUSED BY DOUBTS ABOUT:

1. JUSTICE AND LEGITIMACY OF CAUSE

2. MORALITY OF MEANS

3. EFFECTIVENESS OF MEANS

4. MORALE OR LOYALTY AT HOME

5. PUBLIC OPINION ABROAD

6. ACCEPTABILITY OF IMMEDIATE AND LATENT RISKS

7. CHANCES OF IMPROVING IMMEDIATE SITUATION

8. LONG-TERM TREND (TIME BEING ON ONE'S SIDE)

## THE FIFTH LEVEL

⑧

### FIFTH LEVEL: VARIOUS AGENCIES, DEPARTMENTS, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR OVER-ALL PURPOSES, REQUIREMENTS, AND CRITERIA

VARIOUS U.S. GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS SUCH AS:
STATE, DEFENSE, OFFICE OF EMERGENCY PLANNING

VARIOUS PROGRAMS SUCH AS:
MARSHALL PLAN, AID, ALIANZA

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS:
NATO, UN, WORLD COURT, WORLD BANK, IMF, IADB,...

["VARIOUS THUMBNAIL THEMES, SKETCHES, AND ARCHETYPES OF PERSONAL CHARACTERS AND PHILOSOPHIES", "CC-1-1/2", "15", "①", "SECULAR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES MAY HAZELPSE:", "<table><thead><tr><th>\"IMPULSE\"</th><th>\"REASON\"</th><th>\"CONSCIENCE\"</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\">(LEADING TO, AT BEST)</td></tr><tr><td>FREEDOM</td><td>RATIONALITY</td><td>LOYALTY</td></tr><tr><td>SPONTANITY</td><td>MODERATION</td><td>DEDICATION</td></tr><tr><td>CREATIVITY</td><td>THOUGHTFULNESS</td><td>TRADITION</td></tr><tr><td>PERCEPTIVENESS</td><td>MELIORISM</td><td>ORGANIZATION</td></tr><tr><td>PARTICIPATION</td><td>FLEXIBILITY</td><td>ORDER</td></tr><tr><td>SENSORY AWARENESS (?)</td><td>CALCULATION</td><td>OBEIDENCE</td></tr><tr><td>SELF-ACTUALIZATION (?)</td><td>PLANNING</td><td>SELF-SACRIFICE</td></tr><tr><td>JOY AND LOVE (?)</td><td>PRUDENCE</td><td>JUSTICE</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">(BUT WITH A CORRESPONDING POTENTIAL FOR PATHOLOGY)</td></tr><tr><td>PERMISSIVENESS</td><td>ABSTRACTION</td><td>AUTHORITARIANISM</td></tr><tr><td>IMPULSIVENESS</td><td>THEORY</td><td>RIGIDITY</td></tr><tr><td>ANARCHY</td><td>RATIONALISM</td><td>RIGHTEOUSNESS</td></tr><tr><td>LAWLESSNESS</td><td>INDECISION</td><td>DESPOTISM</td></tr><tr><td>CHAOS</td><td>DEHUMANIZATION</td><td>SADO-MASOCHISM</td></tr></tbody></table>", "⑦", "THE EPICUREAN OUTLOOK", "1. BASED ON EMPHASIZING SENSATION, EMOTIONS, PLEASURE OF THE INDIVIDUAL SOUL", "2. CRITERION OF GOOD AND EVIL IS SENSATION, I.E., \"PLEASURE!\"", "3. POWER AND PUBLIC LIFE DISTURB THE SOUL", "4. WHEN THE BODY DIES IT RETURNS TO ATOMS; WHEN THE SOUL LEAVES, THE BODY HAS NO \"SENSATIONS!\"", "5. THERE SHOULD BE NO FEAR OF DEATH, GODS, OR NATURAL LAWS", "6. PLEASURE IS \"ABSENCE OF PAIN,\" NOT ACTIVE ENJOYMENT (OR HEDONISM)", "7. HAPPINESS IS THE QUIET MIND, WISE AND RIGHTEOUS LIVING", "⑨", "SOME IMPORTANT (AND REASONABLY UNIVERSAL (?) \"MIDDLE CLASS\" VALUES", "1. CONCERN ABOUT CONSEQUENCES (E.G., DEFERRED GRATIFICATION VS. IMPULSE OR SPONTANITY)", "2. RESPECT FOR PARENTS (AND OFTEN OF ELDERLY BY YOUNG), LAW, TRADITION, GOVERNMENTAL AND ELITE ESTABLISHMENT, THE COMMUNITY'S MORES AND VALUES, AND THOSE WHO PERSONIFY OR REPRESENT THESE MORES AND VALUES.", "3. ADHERENCE TO GROUP NORMS AND VALUES", "4. HEROIC OR ARDUOUS EFFORTS TO PROTECT OR FURTHER I TO 3 ABOVE, OR OTHER DEMONSTRATION OF LOYALTY TO \"THE SYSTEM\" (OR TO IS IDEALOGICAL OR IDEALOGICAL BUT ACCEPTABLE VERSION OF THE SAME).", "②", "FROM THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT\nKING JAMES VERSION", "MATTHEW 16: 19, 24, 26, 27,", "28, 29, 34", "19. LAY NOT UP FOR YOURSELVES TREASURES UPON EARTH, WHERE MOTH AND RUST DO CORRUPT, AND WHERE THIEVES BREAK THROUGH AND STEAL:", "24. NO MAN CAN SERVE TWO MASTERS: FOR EITHER HE WILL HATE THE ONE, AND LOVE THE OTHER; OR ELSE HE WILL HOLD THE ONE, AND DESPISE THE OTHER. YE CANNOT SERVE GOD AND HAMMOND.", "26. BEHOLD THE FOWLS OF THE AIR: FOR THEY SOW NOT, NEITHER DO THEY REAP, NOR GATHER INTO BARN; YET YOUR HEAVENLY FATHER FEEDETH THEM, ARE YE NOT MUCH BETTER THAN THEY?", "27. WHICH OF YOU BY TAKING THOUGHT CAN ADD ONE CUBIT UNTO HIS STATURE?", "28. AND WHY TAKE YE THOUGHT FOR RAIMENT? CONSIDER THE LILIES OF THE FIELD, HOW THEY GROW; THEY TOIL NOT, NEITHER DO THEY SPIN:", "29. AND YET I SAY UNTO YOU, THAT EVEN SOLMON IN ALL HIS GLORY WAS NOT ARRAYED LIKE ONE OF THESE.", "34. TAKE THEREFORE NO THOUGHT FOR THE MORROW: FOR THE MORROW SHALL TAKE THOUGHT FOR THE THINGS OF ITSELF, SUFFICIENT UNTO THE DAY IS THE EVIL THEREOF.", "⑧", "THE (ROMAN) STOIC OUTLOOK", "1. THE FOUR CARDINAL VIRTUES ARE: WISDOM, JUSTICE, COURAGE AND TEMPERANCE", "2. BUT FORTITUDE AND INDIFFERENCE TO PAIN AND SORRY ARE ALSO IMPORTANT", "3. ONLY SUCH VIRTUE JUSTIFIES POWER", "4. BUT VIRTUE IS ITS OWN REWARD", "5. EVEN A SLAVE CAN BE VIRTUOUS", "6. THERE IS A BASIC NATURAL LAW GOVERNING MANCIND", "7. UNDER THIS NATURAL LAW ALL MEN ARE BASICALLY EQUAL", "⑩", "A DEFINITION OF A \"GENTLEMAN\"\n(OR CLASSICAL MAN OF LEISURE)", "1. HAS MANY SKILLS AND ATTAINMENTS", "2. ALL OF WHICH ARE DIFFICULT", "3. IN ALL OF WHICH HE EXCLES (OR HE WOULD NOT BE WELL-ROUNDED)", "4. NONE OF WHICH ARE USEFUL", "5. BUT ALL OF WHICH CAN BE FUN TO EXERCISE", "6. AND SUCH \"FUN\" IS TAKEN PLAYFULLY AND SERIOUSLY (NOT GRILLY, INTENSELY, OR LIGHTLY)", "7. IF ONE ADDS A SENSE OF CLASS AND NOBLESSE OBLIGE, ONE HAS AN ARISTOCRAT.", "③", "SIMILARITIES BETWEEN HUMANIST LEFT AND\nTECHNOCRATIC CENTER", "ULTRA MODERN, BUT IN DIFFERENT WAYS CLOSE TO VARIOUS EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CONCEPTS AND IDEOLOGIES", "MOSTLY MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASS IN ORIGIN", "INNOVATIVE (BUT IN DIFFERENT AREAS)", "CHANGE ORIENTED (BUT ONE IS EVOLUTIONARY, THE OTHER IS REVOLUTIONARY)", "\"INTELLECTUAL\" AND MOVING FROM \"CONSCIENCE\" TO \"IMPULSE\"", "INTERESTED IN SOCIAL JUSTICE", "ANTI-NUCLEAR USE (INDEED ANTI ANY USE OF UNNECESSARY FORCE)", "IF WESTERN EUROPEAN OR AMERICAN, BE COSMOPOLITAN (I.E., ANTI-NATIONALIST)", "ANTI-MILITARIST, ANTI-ARISTOCRATIC, ANTI-HIERARCHICAL, ANTI-AUTHORITARIAN, ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC (BUT IN DIFFERENT DEGREES AND WAYS)", "⑤", "NEGRIRATION - A HERETICAL PHILOSOPHY", "MERCY! MERCY FOR OUR OMNISCIENT CONQUERORS", "HURRAY FOR THOSE WHO NEVER INVENTED ANYTHING", "HURRAY FOR THOSE WHO NEVER EXPLORED ANYTHING", "HURRAY FOR THOSE WHO NEVER CONQUERED ANYTHING", "HURRAY FOR JOY", "HURRAY FOR LOVE", "HURRAY FOR THE PAIN OF INCARNACIENT TEARS.", "AIME CESARE,\nCAHIER D'UN RETOUR AU PAYS\nNATURALE", "⑪", "TRADITIONALLY A SENIOR FRENCH BUSINESSMAN:", "1. TOOK A 2-3 HOUR LUNCH AT HOME;", "2. HAD A WIFE, A MISTRESS, AND MISCELLANEOUS GIRL FRIENDS;", "3. WAS A PATRON OF THE ARTS, COMEDY, THEATER, AND OPERA;", "4. ENJOYED A 2-3 HOUR DINNER;", "5. HAD MORE THAN A PASSING INTEREST IN LITERATURE AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES GENERALLY.", "6. IN BETWEEN HE RAN HIS BUSINESS,", "7. AND HIS SON WOULD LIKE TO DO THE SAME,", "8. BUT WE WONT'T LET HIM,", "9. AND SOON THE JAPANESE WILL ALSO BE LEANING ON HIM.", "④", "BOTH GROUPS BELIEVE THIS IS A CRISIS OF VALUES", "<table><thead><tr><th>HUMANIST LEFT</th><th>TECHNOCRATIC CENTER</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>REVOLUTIONARY END OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY</td><td>THRESHOLD OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL, AFFLUENT, AND HUMANIST SOCIETY</td></tr><tr><td>FAVORS DESTRUCTION OF SYSTEM, CONFRONTATION TACTICS USED TO \"SHOCK\" THE MASSES</td><td>FAVORS REBUILDING SYSTEM FROM WITHIN, PREVENT CONFRONTATION, SO AS NOT TO \"ANTAGONIZE\" MASSES AND VARIOUS VESTED INTERESTS</td></tr><tr><td>ADULTS SHOULD IN EFFECT SURRENDER TO THE YOUNG RESPONSIBILITIES TO MAKE MORAL DECISIONS</td><td>CONCESSIONS SHOULD NOT BECOME THE PREVAILING PATTERN, FIRM AND MORAL DECISIONS NEEDED FROM LEADERS</td></tr><tr><td>RADICAL TRANSFORMATION OF INSTITUTIONS IS NEEDED. ELECTORAL PROCESS HAS BECOME INADEQUATE. INCREASINGLY THE POLITICALIZED GROUPS SEARCH FOR APPEALING ISSUES TO RADICALIZE AND MOBILIZE MASSES</td><td>REVOLUTIONARY SITUATIONS CAN ARISE ONLY IF SOCIETY IS ALLOWED TO UNDERGO SERIOUS MALAISE AND ITS VALUES AND AUTHORITIES ARE QUESTIONED. ONLY CHANGE TO CONFIDENT, COMPETENT, DYNIACIC LEADERSHIP AND CHARISMATIC PROGRAMS CAN NOW PREVENT MALAISE AND EROSION OF MORALE.</td></tr></tbody></table>", "⑥", "THE BLACK MUSLIMS - A SCHISMATIC PHILOSOPHY", "1. MARRY THEIR GIRL FRIENDS", "2. GIVE UP ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND PORK", "3. WORK 8 HOURS/DAY--6 DAYS/WEEK", "4. SUPPORT THEIR FAMILIES", "5. ARE STRONG (EVEN DOMINEERING) FATHER FIGURES", "6. DRESS NEATLY AND CONVENTIONALLY", "7. SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO SCHOOL", "8. MAINTAIN THEIR DIGNITY AND SELF-RESPECT", "9. SAVE THEIR MONEY", "10. OFTEN BECOME SMALL ENTREPRENEURS", "11. HATE JEWS AND WHITES AND PREACH APARTHEID AND VIOLENCE", "⑫", "SEE ALSO:", {"bbox": [1173, 796, 143