142

Artillery brigade.

Artillery Brigade.

Major General Baron Lenk.

4 batteries of horse artillery.

6 batteries of field artillery.

1 rocket battery.

Troops, how
formed on pa-
rade.

On our arrival at the Josefstadt ground we found the above
troops formed up in three lines, as follows :—

1ST LINE

Cavalry of the
Guard and In-
fantry.

1st Line.

Gendarme cavalry of the guard on the right, then the three
infantry brigades each consisting of one battalion of Yägers and
four battalions of infantry of the line, with two divisions of the
army hospital corps distributed between the brigades of infantry,
then eight companies of garrison artillery and a battalion of the
military police of Vienna.

The whole of the above in line of contiguous close columns.

2ND LINE.

Artillery.

2nd Line.

1 rocket battery.

These were formed up in line without wagons and consisted of
4 and 8-pounder muzzle-loading rifled brass guns, with six horses
per gun in the horse artillery and 8-pounder field batteries and
four horses per gun in the 4-pounder field batteries.

3RD LINE.

Cavalry.

3rd Line.

1 regiment of dragoons on the right.

1 regiment of hussars.

The cavalry were also drawn up in line.

General appear-
ance of the
troops.

The general appearance of all branches of the service was most
creditable to them, the men were particularly fine, well set up and
soldier like and we were much struck with their great steadiness
on parade.

Artillery.

The artillery harness looked very neat and their horses were
well groomed and in good condition.

Cavalry.

The cavalry regiments were very strong, each being about twice
the strength of a British cavalry corps. They, equally with the
artillery, were well mounted and their horses and horse appoint-
ments in first rate order.

Infantry.

The infantry of the line were tall men; the Yägers although
shorter in stature were very efficient looking troops and all were
clean and smart in appearance.

Inspection.

Whilst the Archduke and his staff were riding along the ranks,
the several bands, in succession, played the Austrian National
Anthem.

Preparation for
the performance
of High Mass.

On the completion of the inspection the cavalcade moved to
some distance in front of the line, where two tents had been
pitched, one for the altar and the other for the Archduke. All

143

dismounted and stood bareheaded opposite the tents and facing
the altar.

The ceremony commenced with the performance of High Mass;
during which, at intervals of ten minutes after each elevation of
the Host, the infantry fired a volley by regiments from right to
left of the line, followed by a salute of eight guns from a battery
which had in the meantime been moved to the left of and at
right angles to the first line.

This was repeated three times, but there was no cheering on
the part of the troops as with us.

Thrice repeated.

On the completion of the ceremony the Archduke and his
staff remounted and the troops marched past in quick time in the
following order:—

Marching past.

The cavalry of the guard led, followed by the three infantry
brigades, in rear of which marched the military police and the
army hospital corps.

Order of march.

The field batteries came next, followed by the horse artillery,
all in columns of half batteries; then the rocket battery, followed
by the dragoons; and last of all the hussars.

The officers in command of regiments, when passing the Arch-
duke, saluted three times in succession in deference to the
occasion. This triple salute is always performed when either the
Emperor or any of the imperial Princes is on the ground.

Officers' salute.

Triple salute when performed.

The Yäger battalions carried no colours and they marched
past with their rifles slung over the right shoulder; the infantry
of the line with "sloped" rifles and swinging their right arms.

Rifles of Yägers slung; of line battalions, sloped.

Colours, how carried.

The colours of the line battalions when marching past are
carried on the right flank of the left centre company.

Colours, how
 carried.

When receiving the reviewing officer with presented arms,
each man, in succession, slightly inclines his head and shoulders
towards that officer as he approaches. This movement is con-
tinued round without altering the position of the feet, until the
officer has passed onwards and it has a very good effect.

Reviewing officer, how received by each soldier.

Elevation of the
Host, followed
by volleys of
small arms and a
salute of eight
guns.

Thrice repeated.

Marching past.

Order of march.

Officers' salute.

Triple salute when performed.

Colours, how
carried.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX A.—(See page 22.)

Strength of the
allied armies.

STRENGTH of the ALLIED ARMIES at the commencement of the WAR with DENMARK.*

Commander-in-
Chief.

Commander-in-Chief.—Field-Marshall Baron von Wrangel.

AUSTRIANS.

AUSTRIANS.
Commanding General.—Field-Marshall Lieutenant von Gablenz.

SIX ARMY CORPS.

Six Army Corps,
viz.:
1st infantry
brigade.

1st Infantry brigade (Gondrecourt).
18th Yäger battalion (Bohemian).
30th Infantry regiment, Martini (Polish).
34th Infantry regiment, King William 1st of Prussia (Hungarian).

2nd infantry
brigade.

2nd Infantry brigade (Nostitz).
9th Yäger battalion (Styrian).
27th Infantry regiment, Leopold I. King of the Belgians.
14th Infantry regiment, Grand Duke Ludwig III. of Hesse.

3rd infantry
brigade.

3rd Infantry brigade (Tomas).
11th Yäger battalion (Styrian).
6th Infantry regiment, Count Koronini-Kronberg (Hungarian).
80th Infantry regiment, Prince Wilhelm of Schleswig-Holstein Glucksburg (Italians).

4th infantry
brigade.

4th Infantry brigade (Dormus).
22nd Yäger battalion (Polish).
72nd Infantry regiment (Hungarian), Baron Ramming von Riedkirchen.
35th Infantry regiment (Bohemian), Count Khevenhüller Metsch.

With each brigade a rifled 4-pounder battery.

Cavalry brigade.

Cavalry brigade (Dobrzensky).
2nd Dragoon regiment (five squadrons), Windischgrätz (Bohemian).
9th Hussar regiment (five squadrons), Lichtenstein (Hungarian).

A cavalry battery attached to the above.

Reserve artillery.

Reserve artillery.
Two batteries rifled 8-pounders.
One pioneer company.
One company army hospital corps (Sanitäts).

Total, 23,000 men,
with 56 guns.

Grand total: 20 battalions, 10 squadrons, 7 batteries, 2 companies, with 23,000 men and 56 guns.

* Note.—These details are taken from Prussian sources.

146

DANISH ARMY.

Commander-in-
Chief.

1ST INFANTRY
DIVISION,
three infantry
brigades, half
regiment hussars,
two field bat-
teries.

2ND INFANTRY
DIVISION,
three infantry
brigades, half
regiment dra-
goons.

3RD INFANTRY
DIVISION,
three infantry
brigades, half
regiment dra-
goons, two field
batteries.

4TH RESERVE
DIVISION,
Reserve cavalry.

STRENGTH of the DANISH ARMY.

Commander-in-Chief.—Lieutenant General de Meza, but after the capture of
the Dannewerk, General Gerlach.

1st Infantry division (Gerlach).

1st Infantry brigade, 2nd and 22nd regiments.

2nd Infantry brigade, 3rd and 18th regiments.

3rd Infantry brigade, 16th and 17th regiments.

One half regiment of hussars.

Two field batteries.

2nd Infantry division (Du Plat).

4th Infantry brigade, 4th and 6th regiments.

5th Infantry brigade, 7th and 12th regiments.

6th Infantry brigade, 5th and 10th regiments.

1st half regiment 4th dragoons.

3rd Infantry division (Steinmann).

7th Infantry brigade, 1st and 11th regiments.

8th Infantry brigade, 9th and 20th regiments.

9th Infantry brigade, 19th and 21st regiments.

2nd half regiment 4th dragoons.

Two field batteries.

4TH RESERVE DIVISION (Hegermann-Lindencrone).

Reserve Cavalry.

1st Brigade (Von Honnens).

3rd and 5th Dragoon regiments.

2nd Brigade (von Scharffenberg).

2nd and 6th Dragoon regiments.

One field battery.

Reserve Infantry.

Reserve infantry.

Guard, 8th and 13th regiments of infantry. The 14th regiment (Holsteiner) was broken up. The 15th regiment was in the islands.

Reserve artillery.

Each infantry
regiment com-
posed of two bat-
tals; 45 bat-
tals in all.

RESERVE ARTILLERY IN THE FORTIFICATIONS.

Each infantry regiment had two battalions with 14 officers, 866 non-commissioned officers and men, in four companies. There were in all 22 regiments. There were therefore 44 line battalions and the guard, which latter had only one battalion,

= 39,600 - Men.

16,000 - Reinforcements, 20 battalions each of 800 men.

55,600 - Total men.

Cavalry, 26
squadrons.

Field artillery,
120 guns.

Pioneers, four
companies.

Grand total,
63,214 men, with
120 guns.

The cavalry was composed of 26 squadrons, each with three officers and 136 troopers = 3,614 men.

The field artillery consisted of 15 batteries of eight guns each = 120 guns. Among these were some 4-pounder batteries, with guns rifled on the French system. The united artillery force amounted to 3,000 men.

The pioneers consisted of four companies of 250 men each, = 1,000 men.

The grand total of the above is as follows :—

55,600 -   -   Infantry
3,614 -   -   Cavalry
3,000 -   -   Artillery
1,000 -   -   Pioneers
---
63,214 -   -   Total men.

} with 120 guns.

The infantry were armed with "Dornegewehre," of very large calibre = 10 to the lb. (Prussian).

APPENDIX B.—(See page 24, et seq.)

CONVERSATION with a DANISH OFFICER of RANK on the SUBJECT of
the LATE WAR BETWEEN DENMARK and GERMANY.

Could you have held the position of the "Dannewerk" if a railway had been constructed in its rear, so as to enable you to mass your troops in a short time on any given spot? Question.

No, the line was too extended and our troops were but young soldiers and too few in number, as compared with the masses of the enemy. For example, we had altogether only about 30,000 men to protect some 11 miles of works. Answer.

There were some Prussian batteries at Broagerland which enfiladed the Danish redoubts at Dybbol. Of what natures were the guns in those batteries? Question.

They were 24, 12 and 6-pounder rifled guns. Answer.

What did you think of their capabilities? Question.

I will give you an instance of what they could do. I was in redoubt No. 5 at a time when the Prussians were firing over it at No. 6. The range was as nearly as possible two English miles and the enemy were using concussion shells. So great was their precision, that at every round the shells passed harmlessly over my head in redoubt No. 5, where I felt perfectly secure, and they lodged and exploded in No. 6. So destructive were they, that in less than a quarter of an hour I myself saw four of our guns dismounted and rendered unserviceable. Redoubt No. 6 was also much injured, but we repaired during the night the damage done during the day. Answer.

Was there not sufficient depth of water in the neighbourhood of those batteries to enable first-rate iron clads, say of the "Warrior" class, to come close in-shore and attack them? Question.

Yes and the "Rolf Krake" did so, but with no good effect. Answer.

What was the reason of this? Question.

The batteries were too high above the level of the water and so completely defiladed by the natural formation of the ground, that they could barely be seen either from front or flank. The nearest practicable range at which shipping could engage them was 600 paces; and even then, owing to the height of the batteries, the trajectory would have been such, that any projectiles which cleared the crest of the cliffs would have fallen far beyond and failed to strike the interior of the batteries. Answer.

From the front, only the muzzles of the guns were visible and the ground sloped from the crest of the works towards their rear; so that the same results would have happened even had we possessed guns of sufficient power to reach those batteries from the redoubts at Dybbol. But we had no such guns.

How did the Prussians cross over to the island of Alsen? Question.

In boats, as the bridges had been dismantled. We had suffered so much at Dybbol, that our dispositions were made more with a view to the safe retreat of our over-matched troops, than to the making a vigorous defence of the island: otherwise there was a point in the position, at which an obstinate resistance might have been offered to the advance of the enemy. The taking of Alsen from us was one of the saddest of the many sad blows we received in the late war. Answer.

From actual experience what is your opinion of the "zund-nadel-gewehr"? Question.

That it is a very effective weapon under most circumstances. Answer.

Can you give us any instance of its great efficiency? Question.

Yes. In front of our position at Dybbol there was a "colline," which the Prussians have since named "Spilzberg." In the earlier operations of the investment of Dybbol, the possession of this was of almost equal importance to both sides. It had fallen into the hands of the enemy and at one time it had

148

become a matter of vital necessity to us that they should be dislodged from
thence.

They had then only one battalion there; so in order to make sure of effecting
our object, we detailed three battalions for the duty, one to attack the enemy
in front and two by our right flank. The Prussian fire was, however, so heavy
and they poured in such a mass of bullets in such a short space of time, that
we were quite unable to dislodge them. The moral effect on our men was so
great, that they thought they had been exposed to the fire of a whole battalion,
at a spot where there had been only one company!

Have your infantry been supplied since the war with this excellent weapon ;
and if not, how does your Government propose to arm them?

They have not yet received any new pattern of rifle, but inquiries are being
made as to the best weapon for our infantry. The "zund-nadel-gewehr" can
be fired nearly three times to one of our rifle, but this again has the dis-
advantage of a liability on the part of the troops, especially if young soldiers,
to waste their ammunition.

What rifled guns have you now got?

I cannot say; but I will put myself in communication with the commandant
of artillery, who will be able to give you more reliable information on the
subject than I can.

Question

Answer.

Question.

Answer.

153

APPENDIX G.

RANGE TABLE of the CAST-STEEL 6-POUNDER, with "Kolben" Breech-loading Apparatus.

REMARKS.—Charge, 1·2 lbs. Length of the line of sight, 77 inches.

Common Shells.—Weight of loaded shell, 13·8 lbs.

<table><thead><tr><th>Range.</th><th>Length of Tangent Scale.</th><th>Deflection.</th><th>Elevation.</th><th>Angle of Descent.</th><th>1/2 Degree alters the Range.</th><th>Range.</th><th>Length of Tangent Scale.</th><th>Deflection.</th><th>Elevation.</th><th>Angle of Descent.</th><th>1/2 Degree alters the Range.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Paces.</td><td>In.</td><td>1/16 in.</td><td>Deg.</td><td>Deg.</td><td>Paces.</td><td>Paces.</td><td>In.</td><td>1/16 in.</td><td>Deg.</td><td>Deg.</td><td>Paces.</td></tr><tr><td>100</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>32</td><td>2,600</td><td>8 8</td><td>4 1/2</td><td>6 5</td><td>7 14</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>200</td><td>8</td><td>0</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>31</td><td>2,700</td><td>8 15</td><td>4 1/2</td><td>6 10</td><td>8 5</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>300</td><td>12 1/2</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>31</td><td>2,800</td><td>9 5 1/2</td><td>5</td><td>6 15</td><td>8 13</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>400</td><td>1 1</td><td>0</td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>30</td><td>2,900</td><td>9 12 1/2</td><td>5 1/2</td><td>7 4</td><td>9 5</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>500</td><td>1 5</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>30</td><td>3,000</td><td>10 4</td><td>6</td><td>7 9</td><td>9 13</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>600</td><td>1 9 1/2</td><td>0</td><td>1 3</td><td>1 4</td><td>29</td><td>3,100</td><td>10 11</td><td>6</td><td>7 14</td><td>10 5</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>700</td><td>1 14 1/2</td><td>0</td><td>1 7</td><td>1 8</td><td>29</td><td>3,200</td><td>11 2 1/2</td><td>6 1/2</td><td>8 4</td><td>10 13</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>800</td><td>2 3</td><td>1/2</td><td>1 10</td><td>1 12</td><td>29</td><td>3,300</td><td>11 10</td><td>7</td><td>8 9</td><td>11 5</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>900</td><td>2 8 1/2</td><td>1/2</td><td>1 14</td><td>2</td><td>28</td><td>3,400</td><td>12 2</td><td>7 1/2</td><td>8 14</td><td>11 13</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>1,000</td><td>2 13</td><td>1/2</td><td>2 2</td><td>2 4</td><td>28</td><td>3,500</td><td>12 10</td><td>8</td><td>9 5</td><td>12 6</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>1,100</td><td>3 2</td><td>1/2</td><td>2 5</td><td>2 8</td><td>28</td><td>3,600</td><td>13 2</td><td>8 1/2</td><td>9 10</td><td>12 15</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>1,200</td><td>3 7</td><td>1</td><td>2 9</td><td>2 13</td><td>27</td><td>3,700</td><td>13 10</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>13 8</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>1,300</td><td>3 13</td><td>1</td><td>2 13</td><td>3 2</td><td>27</td><td>3,800</td><td>14 2</td><td>9 1/2</td><td>10 6</td><td>14 2</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>1,400</td><td>4 1 1/2</td><td>1</td><td>3 1</td><td>3 6</td><td>26</td><td>3,900</td><td>14 10 1/2</td><td>10</td><td>10 13</td><td>14 11</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>1,500</td><td>4 7</td><td>1 1/2</td><td>3 5</td><td>3 11</td><td>26</td><td>4,000</td><td>15 3</td><td>10 1/2</td><td>11 3</td><td>15 5</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>1,600</td><td>4 12 1/2</td><td>1 1/2</td><td>3 9</td><td>4 1</td><td>25</td><td>4,100</td><td>15 12</td><td>11</td><td>11 9</td><td>15 14</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>1,700</td><td>5 2</td><td>2</td><td>3 13</td><td>4 6</td><td>24</td><td>4,200</td><td>16 5</td><td>11 1/2</td><td>11 15</td><td>16 8</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>1,800</td><td>5 8</td><td>2</td><td>4 1</td><td>4 12</td><td>24</td><td>4,300</td><td>16 14</td><td>12</td><td>12 6</td><td>17 2</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>1,900</td><td>5 13 1/2</td><td>2 1/2</td><td>4 5</td><td>5 1</td><td>23</td><td>4,400</td><td>17 7 1/2</td><td>12 1/2</td><td>12 13</td><td>17 12</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>2,000</td><td>6 3</td><td>2 1/2</td><td>4 10</td><td>5 7</td><td>23</td><td>4,500</td><td>17 15 1/2</td><td>13</td><td>13 3</td><td>18 7</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>2,100</td><td>6 9</td><td>3</td><td>4 1 1/2</td><td>5 13</td><td>22</td><td>4,600</td><td>-</td><td>13 1/2</td><td>13 10</td><td>19 1</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>2,200</td><td>6 15</td><td>3</td><td>5 2</td><td>6 3</td><td>22</td><td>4,700</td><td>-</td><td>14</td><td>14 1</td><td>19 12</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>2,300</td><td>7 5</td><td>3 1/2</td><td>5 7</td><td>6 10</td><td>22</td><td>4,800</td><td>-</td><td>14 1/2</td><td>14 8</td><td>20 6</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>2,400</td><td>7 11</td><td>3 1/2</td><td>5 11</td><td>7</td><td>21</td><td>4,900</td><td>-</td><td>15</td><td>14 15</td><td>21 1</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>2,500</td><td>8 1 1/2</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>7 7</td><td>21</td><td>5,000</td><td>-</td><td>15 1/2</td><td>15 6</td><td>21 13</td><td>14</td></tr></tbody></table>

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