July 26th, 1893.

George Nocoechluke,

Bethel, Via Unalaska, Alaska:

Dear George:--

I got your letter of June 17th last night. What a long
time it has been on the way. How glad I am to hear from you from
such a faraway place, and to know that you remember Carlisle
and Captain Pratt. I am glad to know also that you are able to
make such a long trip in safety. I wonder if I will ever see you
again. I should like to make a short visit to your country, but
would not like to live there. I fear I could not stand your long
cold weather.

We are now planning to go to the World's Fair in Sep-
tember. I do not know just how many boys and girls will have the
$10.00 to take them there, but I anticipate in the neighborhood
of 500 or 600.

It is just as you say. The geese and ducks would spoil
before they could reach me, and I will take the bow and arrows
you speak of instead. Maybe you can kill a polar bear, and skin
him and send the skin to me. If you can, I will be glad to get it,
and I will send you something equally valuable in return.

My love to David and yourself, and my kindest regards
to Mrs. Kilbuck and her good husband, whom I hope to see again
at Carlisle.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 24

2

July 26th, 1893.

Josiah Red Wolf,

Fort Lapwai, Idaho.

Dear Josiah:--

I have your letter telling me of your safe arrival, and
the conditions you find at home, and also that you were prevented
from going to work the next day by the rain. That of course is
all right. I am glad to hear of the improved school you have at
the Agency. Give my kindest regards to Mr. McConnville, Charley
Red Wolf, and any other of our Carlisle students that you may see.
All goes well with us here at Carlisle.

VOL. 24

July 25th, 1893.

Felix I. E. Feather,

Pine Ridge Agency, So. Dak.

Dear Felix:--

I have had your two letters since you reached home. The
experience you are having will undoubtedly do you good. I am
sorry to hear what you say about the other boys, but in regard to
what you say about the old Indians, that has always been so and
always will be. They are constantly being educated by the Govern-
ment to dependence and beggery, which is the natural fruit of the
whole reservation and ration system. The sturdy independence
that the Indians once enjoyed in their free life of self-support
and dependence upon their skill in the chase, is nearly all gone
and instead of that they have this life destroying dependence
condition which will soon end them as a race, unless their man-
hood can be aroused, and they can break away from it.

When you get ready to return to Carlisle, let me know,
and I will have a ticket placed at Rushville for you.

VOL. 24

4

VOL. 24

July 25th, 1893.

Morgan Toprock,

San Carlos Agency, Ariz.

My Dear Morgan: --

Glad to hear from you that you have at last reached
home. I have had letters now from all the different parties
that left when you did, those to Montana, Wisconsin, Michigan,
Minnesota, Dakota, and elsewhere. All have arrived home safely.
The only trouble I found was that some of the boys got some
whiskey soon after they left Carlisle, and got drunk and troublesome.

All goes well with us at Carlisle. We are getting every
thing in good shape to begin school the 1st of September.
Prof. Bakeless started this morning to visit the country boys.
I send him this time because I want him to learn all about the
outing system, and because Mr. Campbell is taking Civil Service
examinations expecting to leave us before a great while.

If you boys keep your minds about returning to Carlisle
about the end of September, and Capt. Myers approves, I will send
you transportation as I promised, and you can return then.

BLURRED TEXT

July 26th, 1893.

Parker West,

San Carlos Agency, Arizona.

My Dear Parker:

Glad to get your letter telling me of your final and
safe arrival at the Agency. What a time of it you had! I re-
member many times when I was serving with my Company on the West,
of being in the vicinity of a cloud-burst, and knew of soldiers
and officers who lost their lives in the floods caused by the
cloud-burst.

VOL. 24

July 29th, 1893.

Stephen Smith,

Fort Walla Walla, Washington.

Dear Stephen:--

Of course if you wish to come back to Carlisle, we shall
be glad to have you. Do just what you think best about the
matter. I am rather glad that you are going to take your dis-
charge. You know now what the Army is, and you can act for your-
self with independence.

Faithfully, your friend,

July 29th, 1893.

Miner C. Smith,

818 Jackson, st., Wilmington, Del.

My Dear Sir:--

I do not feel called upon to give the further endorse-
ment that you request for Kelly & Co. I am not in favor of the
lavish use of such methods.

VOL. 24

7

July 29th, 1893.

Esther Johnson,

Grand River, Ind. Ky.

Dear Esther:

I know nothing about what you speak of. You were sent
home because you wanted to go, because you had been here a suffi-
cient time to be allowed to do as you wished.

I am glad to hear of your success, and especially that
you are making yourself useful. Sorry to hear what you say
about Clara Faber. Miss Shaffner writes me of Ida and Eva's
visit to Chicago.

Things go about as usual with us here. We have many
changes in the teaching force. We shall have besides the gen-
tleman Principal, four gentlemen teachers for next year. You
say nothing about your intentions for the fall. What are you go-
ing to do?

VOL. 24

August 2nd, 1893.

Amy F. Gring,

82 S. Bedford st.,
Carlisle, Penna.

Dear Miss Gring:--

In reply to your note of yesterday, I have to inform you
that Mary Parkhurst went to Bathoro today, to care for one of
our girls taken sick there, and will, therefore, be unable to
be with you Saturday afternoon, next.

VOL. 24

11

August 1st, 1893.

Major John Simpson, Q. M., U. S. A.,
Quartermaster's Dept., U. S. A.,
1428 Arch st., Phila., Penna.

Sir:--

Hereewith enclosed please find Forage Requisition in duplicate
for my two private horses for the month of August, 1893.

2 enclosures.

VOL. 24

August 1st, 1893.

To the Adjutant-General, U. S. Army,

Washington, D. C.

Sir:--

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge of this
school under the provisions of the Act of Congress, approved
June 27th, per S. O. No 194 Headquarters of the Army, A G O
August 23rd, and letter of instructions from the Honorable Secre-
tary of the Interior, dated Sept. 6th, all 1879.

My address for the next month is as above.

VOL. 24

August 1st, 1893.

To the Adjutant,

10th U. S. Cav'y.,

Fort Custar, Mont.

Sir:--

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge of this
school under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved June
27th, per S. O. No. 194, Headquarters of the Army, A. G. O.
August 23rd, and letter of instructions from the Honorable Secretary of the Interior, dated Sept. 6th, all 1879.

VOL. 24

14

August 4th, 1893.

David Skuviuk,

Unalaska, Alaska.

My dear David. --

I received your letter of June 5th, some little time ago, and I was glad to know that you had made the long trip in safety, and that you had not forgotten Capt. Pratt and all the others at Carlisle. I wrote to George several days ago, and it may be that his letter and this one to you, will reach Alaska at the same time. Such a faraway place as your home is. It makes me wonder if I shall ever see you again. We should all like to have had you stay with us longer, and obtained more education before you left us.

We have made out plans to go to the World's Fair about the middle of September, and we expect to have quite a number of the boys and girls able to go. We have had some pretty hot weather at Carlisle this summer. That is something that you will not have in Alaska I suppose. Most of our boys and girls are out in the country now and we have on the grounds only about 175. It will not be very long until September however, when we shall run up to 600 again. All goes well with us here.

My love to both yourself and George, and remember me very kindly to Mr. and Mrs. Kilbuck.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

15

August 4th, 1893.

Emma Red Bird,

Northport, Mich.

Dear Emma:--

I was glad to hear of your safe arrival at home, notwithstanding the delays and waits that you had. I have heard from all the parties that left for home at the same time you went, and all have gotten safe home. I was very sorry to hear about some of the boys getting drunk and behaving badly on the road home.

All goes on well with us since you left. We are just now planning to go to Chicago about the middle of next month, instead of in October, as we had at first planned. I shall take all of the boys and girls who can pay $10.00 for the trip, just as I promised. We have an Indian physician here now to take Dr. Dixon's place. Dr. Carlos Montezuma, a full-blood Apache. We are to have some men teachers here next year, four in addition to the gentleman principal.

I am glad to know that you are grateful to Carlisle for what you have learned while here, and I hope that you will stick to your good resolutions and become a good and useful woman.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

August 4th, 1893.

Sarah James,

Laguna, New Mexico.

Dear Sarah:--

I was glad to receive your letter telling me of your safe arrival at home, and the conditions you found there. Sorry that you had such a time on the road but you are finally through all your difficulties. The only trouble was that some of the boys got drunk on the road to and made things somewhat unpleasant. It seems too bad that the boys must throw off all their good training while here at Carlisle as soon as they get away, and do such things.

I am sorry to hear of the condition you speak of among the Carlisle boys and girls returned. They are doing our work a great harm by their conduct. It makes me feel glad however, to know that you are standing strong, and are trying to make a woman of yourself. In regard to your coming back to Carlisle, we shall be glad to have you return. Whenever you get ready, let me know, and I will arrange the matter.

All goes well with us here since you left. It seems quite lonely now, however, with so many of the children and teachers away. We are planning now to go to Chicago to the World's Fair about the middle of September instead of October as we had at first planned. I shall take all who can pay $10.00 for the trip, and I

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

Sarah James--8.

think that quite a good many will be able to go. We have now
an Indian doctor in the place of Dr. Dixon, who sent to Haskell.
His name is Dr. Carlos Montezuma, and he is a full-blood Apache.

But I have not time now for more. Must leave general
news to the Helper, which I suppose you receive.

My best wishes for you whatever you decide to do.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

August 4th, 1893.

Sabina Minthorn,

Umatilla Agency,

Pendleton, Oregon.

Dear Sabina!..

I have your letter telling of your safe arrival home.
I had to know that you got through all right, with no particular
trouble. I have heard now from all of the parties who left us
when you did, and all have arrived safely at their destinations.

Hope you are having a good time at home, and helping
your folks with the work. That is the only way to have a truly
good time. Be busy all the time. You are to have one of our
Article Teachers at your Agency in charge of the school next year,
Miss Gaither, and I suppose she is with you now. If you see her,
remember us kindly to her.

All goes well with us here at article. I must leave
the general news to the helper. With best wishes for yourself,
I am, always,

 faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

August 4th, 1893.

Texas N. Browning,

Poplar Creek Agency, Montana.

Dear Texas!--

I was very glad to receive your letter telling about
your safe arrival and your experiences on the road. I thank you
for your kind good care of the sick boy. Thanks to your care and
Mary's he got through safely.

I was sorry to hear of the conduct of the boys on the way
home, and also what you say about Edith. Glad that your people
are getting along nicely, and that you are pleased with their
situation. I was somewhat disappointed at what you said about
not returning to Carlisle, but if you think it best perhaps you
had better stay. We should be glad to have you, however, if you
wish to come back to us.

All goes on well with us. I must leave to the Helper
the general news. With kindest regards to all the Carlisle boys
and girls, and the very best wishes for yourself.

 faithfully your friend,

VOL. 24

INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL,

CARLISLE, PENNSYLVANIA,

August 4th, 1893.

Katie E. Metoxen,
Oneida, Brown Co., Wis.

Dear Katie:--

I was glad to hear of your safe arrival home through
your letter of some days ago, and of the conditions that you found
at your home. I have heard now from all the parties that left
us when you did, and all have arrived safe at home. It is very
wonderful that you Indian girls can travel so far and so safely
alone. I was very sorry to hear of the conduct of some of the
boys on the road home. It was too bad that you were so disturbed
on their account.

Hope you are having a good time at home, and helping
your folks with the work. That is the best way to have a good
time. Keep busy. That is the reason why so many happy boys and
girls at Carlisle. We have plenty for them to do, all the time.

All is well with us here at Carlisle, since you left.
It seems quite lonely now, with so many of the pupils and teachers
away. We are planning to go to the World's Fair about the middle
of September, instead of October as we talked of first, and all
who have $10.00 to pay for the trip are to go. My best wishes
to all the Carlisle retained pupils, and for yourself.

Always faithfully, your friend,

Same asst to

Sarah Archiquette, Seymour, Wis.
Susie Somers, Oneida, Wis.
Maggie Thomas, Oneida, Wis.
Celinda Metoxen, Oneida, Wis.

20

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

August 4th, 1893.

Sophia Montezuma.
Oneida, Wis.

Dear Sophia!--

I received your letter some little time ago, and was glad to hear from you. I heard from Katie also about the same time and have written her today also. I was very sorry to hear about the boys behaving badly on the road, but hope they did not disorder you very much.

Things move along nicely with us here at Carlisle, since you left. We are planning to go to the World's Fair about the middle of September instead of in October as we talked of at first. We have an Indian physician here now, Dr. Carlos Montezuma, a full-blood Apache. Dr. Dixon you know sent to Haskell.

But I must leave the general news to the Helper. We are very busy in the offices just now. With my best wishes for yourself and all our returned pupils,

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

August 4th, 1893.

Leila Cornelius,
Oneida, Wis.

Dear Leila:

How glad I was to hear from all you Oneida girls that you had arrived at home safely, notwithstanding the party of troublesome boys. I was very sorry to hear about the conduct of the boys, however. I have heard now from all the parties who left at the same time you did, and all have arrived safely at home.

I hope you are having a good time with your people, and
making yourself of some use to them. That is the best way to be
happy---to be always busy.

All goes well with us here. We have so few on the
grounds now, that it seems lonely sometimes. You will get the
general news from the Helper, to which I must refer you, as I am
quite busy just now. With best wishes,

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL,

CARLISLE? PENNA.

August 4th, 1893.

Patrick Bitter,

Pine Ridge Agency, So. Dak.

Dear Patrick:--

Glad to receive your letter telling me of your safe arrival at the Agency, and also something about your conditions at home. It makes me feel all right about our boys when I hear them talking about going to work, and I hope you will stick to it.

I was very sorry, however, to hear bad accounts about some of the boys on the road home. I suppose they think it is smart and manly to bug whiskey and get drunk, but no one respects them for such conduct.

We are getting along quite well here at Carlisle since you left, although it seems rather lonely sometimes, with so many of our boys and girls either gone home or in the country. We are planning just now to go to the World's Fair about the middle of September, and not in October as we talked of. But I must leave the general news to the Helper. With the best wishes to yourself and all other returned Carlisle pupils,

Faithfully, your friend,

Sare sent to

Miles Gordon, Lac Goule d'Oreilles, La Pointe Agency, Wis.

Elmer Sweazy, Darlington, Oklahoma.

James Paint Yellow, Darlington, Oklahoma.

Oliver Good Shield, Pine Ridge Agency, So. Dak.

Calls Horse, Looking, Rosebud Agency, So. Dak.

Edward Brown, Pine Ridge Agency, So. Dak.

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

August 4th, 1893.

Robert Brown,

Laguna, New Mexico.

Dear Robert:

I have your letter telling of your arrival at home, and was glad to know that you had gotten through safely, notwithstanding the delays and dangers you encountered on the way. All the boys and girls who went home at the time you did have safely arrived at their destinations.

I hope you are enjoying yourself at home. Also that you are doing something for yourself. It may be that you are helping your folks with their work. The best way to remain happy and contented is to be busy all the time. Then one has no time for mischief or leaching.

Everything here at Carlisle is in good condition. I must leave the general news to the Belker.

With best wishes for yourself.

Faithfully, your friend.

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

August 4th, 1898.

Thomas Kase,

Laguna, New Mexico.

Dear Thomas!..

I was very glad to receive your letter telling of your
arrival at home. I have heard now from about all the pupils
who went home, and all have got home safe. The only trouble
was with some boys who bought some whiskey and got drunk on the
road home. I was much pleased to have you say that you were go-
ing to work right away to help your father in the wheat field.
I am always glad to hear about our boys and girls going to work.
That is the best way to be happy.

We are all well, and things run along smoothly here at
the school. How about your coming back? Have you any plans yet?
Write and tell me what you are coming to do. We are now planning
to go to the World's Fair about the middle of the next month, in-
stead of in October as we talked of before you went away.

With best wishes,

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL,
CARLISLE, PRC.

Charles Gray,

August 4th, 1908.

Fine Arts Agency, St. Louis.

Dear Charles:

I am sure your letter telling me or your safe
arrival at home, I have heard from all of the pupils who
have, and all here easily come to their destination.

I hope you are enjoying yourself at home, and are
helping your folks, or have got some at home after work.
That is the best way to have a good time. Keep yourself
constantly in mind, I always feel satisfied about our boys
and girls with me, and know that they are working hard,
and that they are learning around the country, doing
their best.

Everything comes well with us at home. We will
get the general news from the Indian School, and will
be very happy for yourself, and any Carlisle people you may
be.

Farewell, my friend.

I am sure to
Albert Einstein, the Fine Arts Agency, St. Louis.

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

August 4th, 1893

Joe Gordon,
Reserve, Wis.

Dear Joe...

Your letter informing me of your safe arrival at home reached me some time ago. I have been quite busy, however, for some weeks past, and you must excuse the delay in answering. Glad to know that you got through safely. Was very sorry to hear about the bad behavior of the boys on the way home.

Everything moves along nicely with us here at Carlisle. We are planning to go to the World's Fair about the middle of next month, instead of October as we talked of at first. I shall take all of the boys and girls who can afford to pay $10.00 for the trip. We have an Indian doctor now, in the place of Dr. Dixon, who went to Haskell, last month. His name is Dr. Carlos Montezuma, a full-blood Apache. Almost all of the teachers and ladies are away on their vacations, and we seem quite lonely around here now. I must leave the general news for the Helper to tell you. With best wishes,

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

28

BLURRED TEXT

August 5th, 1893.

John Wanamaker.

Philadelphia, Penna.

Dear Sirs...

Enclosed please find my check #210 for $33.18 in payment of amounts on bill herewith; also my check #211 for $14.50 in and Croquet payment of Lawn Tennis goods purchased recently for which please return separate receipted bill.

VOL. 24

29

August 6th, 1893.

Miss Amelia Ives,

Prin. St. Mary's School,

Rosebud Agency, So. Dak.

Dear Madam:--

I have yours in regard to Miss Caryl. Miss Caryl was not satisfactory here in any one of three positions. First, she was assistant in charge of the girls, then she had charge of the small boys for a time, and finally taught. Personally, I esteem her very highly, but she had not, and did not develop, qualities sufficient to make her satisfactory as an employee, and I felt compelled to end her service. This I write you in confidence as you request. She is an inveterate novel reader.

Very truly yours,

Capt. 10th Cavy., U.S.A., Supt.

VOL. 24

August 6th, 1893.

Sam Sixkiller,

Claremore, I. T.

Dear Sam:--

I got your letter telling me of your conditions at home.
Glad to hear that you are having a good time, and also that you are
making some good use of your time in working into the drug busi-
ness.

Prof. Bakeless has gone out on the bout to visit the
out students, and will be gone about a month. Hence I am unable
to give him your message.

All goes well with us at the school. We are getting
ready to open on the 1st of Sept., but the country pupils will
not be called in until about the 13th.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 24

30

August 7th, 1893.

S. M. Stouffer,

Green Spring, Penna.

Dear Sir:--

If your neighbor desires to bring the mare down and let
me look at her, it is possible we might strike up a trade. Per-
haps I could make him an exchange for another animal that would
be profitable to him. I have been wanting to get such an animal
as you speak of for some time.

Your horse is troublesome at the cars, not seriously so,
but enough to make my women folks anxious. I did not anticipate
this. Otherwise, he serves nicely.

Very truly yours,

VOL. 24

31

August 7th, 1893.

E. W. Collis, Secretary &c.,

Pendleton, Indiana.

My Dear Collis:--

It will again be impossible for me to meet with my old comrades in their annual re-union. I am sorry but I am soloaded down, that it does not seem possible to get away. Give my cor-dial greetings to Major Swafford and all the comrades, and assure them of my presence with them in spirit, if not in body.

VOL. 24

August 4th, 1893.

Chauncey V. Rube,

The Manitou, Chicago, Ill.

Dear Chauncey:

through

I have your letter and also your message to Miss Shaffner, and have ordered that a uniform suit be prepared and sent you. I am glad to hear that you feel that you are improving, and I also feel under obligations to you for your description of experiences, etc. About the only good these Buffalo Bill Indians do, is to fill the pockets of their managers with money, and that is very questionable as to the good to the Indian.

I am so glad to hear that Haskell is making a good show.

That is right.

VOL. 24

33

August 9th, 1893.

Miss Lydia L. Hunt,
Siletz, Oregon.

Dear Miss Hunt:

I have your two letters of July 20th and 27th. I have been away to the ocean for a trip, and have felt quite a little borne down by the weather, &c. I glad to note that you got through safely, and that you are so favorably impressed by your surroundings. Agent Buford writes kindly about you, and it does seem as if your lot had fallen in good lines. The four boys arrived yesterday, after some little delay on the way. From what you say of them, I am very glad to have them with us, and hope to do them good. The party will be quite an addition to Dennison's forces, for there will be three band men. With one coming from New York, his numbers will be increased to 30, which is within one of what he desires.

I note what you say in regard to the two boys and the influence of their fathers. Why not place Joseph under further medical influences here? We now have Dr. Montezuma, himself a full-blood Apache, as a physician. He is a very clever gentleman, and is rapidly winning his way with everybody.

I feel sure you are right in regard to the influence of the priests. I am certain that edicts have gone out from Washington,

VOL. 24

34

Miss Hunt---2.

ing, governing priests all through the Indian field in regard to Carlisle. We shall know more positively later on, but I feel certain of this much now. Annie Lockwood has just returned from Laguna, and tells me that is the character of their influence at Laguna and Acomá.

I should greatly enjoy catching some of the large trout in your river, but I guess that is not to be. I begin to doubt whether I can get away for any sort of a Western trip this year. The Helper doubtless keeps you posted about Carlisle news much better than I could, if I tried. If our people knew I was writing to you, I am sure all would join in kindly greetings.

Sincerely, your friend,

VOL. 24

35

August 8th, 1893.

Nellie Iddings,

Fawne Agency, Ind. Ky.

Dear Nellie:--

I have your letter asking to have the rest of your money sent to you, and I enclose my check for $53.58. This closes out your account here.

We are having rather a quiet time at Carlisle this summer. So many of the teachers are away on their vacations, and so many of the pupils are out on farms, that there are comparatively very few left on the grounds. Dr. Dixon has left us, and gone to Haskell Inst., Lawrence, and we have an Indian physician, Dr. Carlos Montezuma, in his place. Dr. Montezuma is a full-blood Apache, and was here at Carlisle some five or six years ago. You may remember having seen him then. He went with us on our trip to Philadelphia, New York, and Brooklyn, and delivered several speeches. He is a very pleasant gentleman, and has made a favorable impression upon all of us here.

We are now planning to take the trip to the World's Fair about the middle of next month, and I shall take all of the school who can afford to pay $10.00 for the trip. It will be a great education for us to be there one week, and I think we shall all enjoy the experience very much.

I must leave the general news to the Helper, which I suppose you receive. All goes well with us here. Glad to know

VOL. 24

226

225

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa.,

Nov. 23rd. 1893.

Solomon Collins,

Mt. Pleasant, Mich.,

Dear Solomon:-

I see that you are not getting on with the books and do not think it is worth while for you to bother any more with them. Please return what you have not sold to Mr. Tonkin and let him pack up and send back to us in boxes. You also account to him for what you have sold. He will remit to me, and you retain what I have informed him you would retain. Do this immediately.

VOL. 24

Telegram

Nov. 24th. 1893.

W. J. Buck, Sons & Co.,
407 N. 8th. St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.,

My letter of yesterday. Send

me 2 Electroliters "E 402" instead of 1.

R. H. Pratt, Capt &
Supt.

Carlisle, Pa.,

Nov. 25th. 1893.

Capt. W. W. Wotherspoon,

Mt. Vernon, Ala.,

Dear Captain:-

I have just received the return ticket, with time extended, and herewith enclose to you. It had to be forwarded to the different Railroads interested and is now made good until Dec. 20th.

The other boys returned in good shape, greatly pleased with their trip, and express themselves fully satisfied to return to Carlisle espionage.

We had quite a little side issue of the same kind from our Chicago trip, and singular to say almost all of about twenty who participated, were Apaches. When we went to Chicago in October '92 one of the Apache boys was led by a white man to the place, and on our return last October, he led the Apaches and a few others to the same place. Including the one with you, five cases of disease resulted. I blame myself, somewhat, for not having more earnestly and carefully warned and watched.

The removal of the Apaches to some more hopeful

VOL. 24

226

229

Captain Wotherspoon #2

on sure I would be glad to take a special interest in those Apaches in case they were placed under my supervision, and my experience in handling those cantonnent Choyennes would be a great advantage to me in successfully managing the Apaches."

Potter is a broad-guage, youngish man from Canada, who has been in the U. S. 12 or 15 years, almost all the time among the Indians. He has filled various positions at the Cheyenne Agency, Ind. Ter. and was Principal for several years of the Fort Totten school, N. Dakota. I think he may be depended upon entirely for ready cooperation with my plan you inaugurate.

I have written him my desire to get away from the school for a little while and hunt and fish. Why could you not run up and meet me at Cheroke next week? If you can see your way to do it, I will join you there. Potter writes there are plenty of mountain trout and bear and turkeys. A bear weighing 600 lbs. was killed two weeks ago. Just think of it! I would like to spend a week or more and if we were there on a little fishing, or hunting, trip, we could gather up all the data without any one knowing anything about it. Potter suggests an exchange of pupils, principally for the benefit of his. That is, I let him have twenty-five of my Apaches, and he let me have twenty-five of his Cherokees. This would

VOL. 24

230

help break the ice among the Cherokees in favor of the A-
chutes. Letter makes great claims for that region as an anti-
tate for consumption. On receipt of this please write me
promptly and fully. I think I shall go down next week, any-
how. The station is Whittier, 50 miles South west of Ashe-
ville on the Murphy Branch of the Richmond & Danville R. R.

Yours Faithfully,

Carlisle, Pa.,

Nov. 27th. 1893.

Mr. T. W. Potter,

Supt. Indian School,
Cherokee, N. C.

My dear Potter:-

Your presentation of mountain trout, bear and
turkey arouses my anticipations, and I incline to think seri-
ously of leaving here the last of this week or the first of
next for your place and giving a week, or more, to brook and
mountain, and to looking over the Apache matter as you suggest.
I will write you later. Perhaps I will bring Dennison along.

Yours cordially,

VOL. 24

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT

Carlisle, Pa.,

Nov. 28th. 1893.

Walker & Kepler,
531 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.,

Gentlemen:-

Referring to yours of the 25th. in reference to extra shade, I will wait the arrival of the others and see if I cannot make one of them do by extending it with silk.

The goods shipped on the 25th. via People's Line by Mr. Gillinder have not arrived. On inquiry our freight people here do not understand what the "People's Line" is, of which Mr. Gillinder speaks and I should be glad if he would follow the shipment with an urgency at once.

I hope there will be no delay about the tubing &c.

Yours Respectfully,

Capt. 10th. Cadv.

Sept.

VOL. 24

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT

Carlisle, Pa.,

Nov. 28, 1898.

Mr. Edward Marsden,
Marietta College,
Marietta, Ohio.

Dear Edward:-

I send you 2 boxes of our Indian views by express. Please return them as promptly as you can when you are through with them, but we do not need them for a month, or six weeks. We shall, however, use them during the course of the winter. Glad to aid you in any way.

Your friend,

VOL. 24

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT

Carlisle, Pa.

Nov. 28th. 1893.

My dear Professor Morgan:-

I may say to you confidentially that three of the boys you have picked out are part of a company that give us some considerable trouble in regard to night absences and bad associations in Carlisle. I do not like to have them absent Saturday evenings, but if your practice was on Friday evening and they could be excused so as to report back to the Disciplinarian before 9 o'clock, I shall venture to try it.

Professor J. H. Morgan,
Carlisle, Pa.

VOL. 24

In reply to

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa.,

Nov. 29th. 1893.

Miss M. Frances Winter,

Jefferson, Md.,

Dear Madam:-

I shall be at home on Friday evening and glad to see you about the matter.

Telegram.

T. W. Potter,

Supt. Cherokee Indian School
Whittier, N. Carolina.

Capt. Wotherspoon and I will be with you

Wednesday, 6th.

Pratt, Capt.

Telegram.

2nd.

Capt. Wotherspoon,
Mt Vernon, Alabama,

Meet me at Whittier or Cherokee six miles from Whittier on Wednesday, 6th.

Pratt, Capt.

VOL. 24

Carliole, Pa., Dec. 4, 1882.

Phoebe Howell,
121 South 13, St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Phoebe:

It takes a long time to go over the records
and reach the information you asked for at the Indian Office
and I think it best to wait a couple of weeks yet. Then if
you do not receive information advise me and I will write to
the Commissioner myself.

I am sorry you do not find plenty of work. Do not allow
yourself to remain long idle. Better come to us and do some-
thing for yourself here than be on expense and idle in Phila-
delphia.

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 24

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 4, 1893.

Luzena Choteau,
24 East College Hall,
Valpariso, Ind.

Dear Luzena:

I am sorry not to feel that it is best for
me to help you, but I do feel that way, Luzena. I have as
you know a great many irons in the fire. People are not,
these hard times, helping Carlisle as they used and I have not
the money to spare from the people I must help, now.

I know, Luzena of the telegram from Chicago to Fred Wil-
son.

VOL. 24

241

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 4, 1893.

Louis R. Caswell,

White Earth, Minn.

Dear Louis:

I have asked the Railroad Company to place one
ticket to Carlusle at Detroit Minn. for you on application
there. You can get it and pay me for it when you arrive here.

About your nephew and the other boy. The Department requires that the parents and the Indian Agent must give their free consent before students can be accepted here. There is another feature; we are getting all boys lately which must not be. We must have as many girls as boys. If 8 or 10, half boys and half girls, not under 12 nor over 18, who had been at some other school 3 years or more, in good health, whose father's and mother's & Indian Agent wished to send to Carlusle I would very willingly make the arrangements for you to bring them in; but the contingencies are so great that I fear it would hardly be worthwhile to consider them, and you had better come in at once; you have lost too much time already.

Cordially your friend,

VOL. 24

24211

243

In reply to

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER

Carlisle, Pa. Dec. 4, 1883.

Otto Wells,

Pineville, Pa.,

My dear Otto:

The Comanches have not yet received their land in severalty, but I believe the time is close when the allotment will be made. You simply want to keep yourself in correspondence with the Agent. Let him know you are expecting your share of land and money and it will be all right when the allotments are made.

I shall be glad to help you look out for your interests at any time. I leave to-day for the Cherokee country in North Carolina and shall not be home for 9 or 10 days. Much love to both of you.

Faithfully your friend,

VOL. 24

244

4th.

Telegram.

Major M. H. Kidd

Hamilton House,
Washington

Will be in Washington from five to ten P.M. this evening. Will call at six to seven.

Pratt

Telegram.

Com'r of Ind'n Aff'rs

Washington, D.C.

Please make Miss Pauli's

leave date from the fifteenth.

Pratt,

Carr.

Telegram.

Mason D Pratt,

Steelton, Pa.,

Shall be in Harrisburg at 11.00 am route to North Carolina for ten days

R. H. Pratt

VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

VOL. 24

December 1st, 1893.

To the Adjutant,

10th U. S. Cavalry,
Portastar, Mont.

Sir:-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge of this
school under the provisions of the Act of Congress, approved June
27th, per S. O. No. 194 Headquarters of the Army, A. G. O. August
25th, and letter of instructions from the Honorable Secretary of
the Interior, dated Sept. 6th, all 1879.

248

252

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 20th, 1893.

R. A. McFadden, Esq.,

Phillips Academy,
Andover, Mass.

My Dear Robert:-

Thanks for yours of the 18th with the clipping from
the Christian Advocate. Miss Burgess has also read it and
joins with me in approving most heartily.

It is gratifying to us that your warm interest
continues unabated. I will send you slip from next Red Man,
one of my speeches made at Lake Mohonk, which I think would
not be out of place to read, a part at least at one of your
Society meetings.

Our Commencement, which occurs the latter part of
February, promises to bring to us not only the Commissioner
of Indian Affairs, but also the Secretary and the Assistant
Secretary of the Interior, and others interested in Indian
Matters in Washington. I should be glad if your affairs
would admit of your presence with us on that occasion. We
all anticipate great things from you now that you have actual-

VOL. 24

254

Geo. D. Mitchell, Esq.?

#306 Seventh St., N. E.,

Washington, D. C.

Dear Sir:-

I should have been pleased to have met you at the Ebbitt House. About your project, I feel great interest in it. It is a clean system of editing that ought to be adopted by almost all of our papers. Nothing is more disgusting than the pandering to advertisers which our news papers more and more do.

My School Physician, Dr. Carlos Montezuma, is a full blooded Apache Indian, a graduate of the Illinois Agricultural College and also of the Chicago Medical College and is very much of a gentleman, with bright and right ideas on the subject of Indians.

Miss Rosa Bourasa, one of our Assistant Teachers, is a full Chippewa from Michigan. She also is bright and competent, and ~~easier~~ or both of them will join your corps of correspondents and submit to me what they may write, and will prepare such information as you may desire from time to time.

VOL. 24

256

A. H. Mulnix, Corresponding Sec'y, etc.,

Andover, Mass.

My Dear Sir:-

I should be greatly pleased to have the opportunity
of presenting the Indian question as I understand it, before
your Society, and it may be that an opportunity to do so will
occur sometime during the winter, though I do not know
now that I shall be out on any trip, or go anywhere to talk
on the question unless it is specifically arranged.

I thank you for your very cordial invitation.

VOL. 24

259

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 22nd, 1893.

Hon. Hoke Smith, Secretary Interior,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Mr. Secretary:-

Your kindly attention to what I said with reference
to the Normal School at Sante Fe leads me to place before
you more definitely a few views thereon in writing. I have
now been dealing with Indians in one way or another for more
than twenty-six years. Their condition, their needs and
their possibilities have been almost constantly the subject
of my thought and concern. The resolution of their diffi-
culties, and end of the problem, is now universally con-
ed to be found only in the complete habilitation of the ir
manhood, self-support, and full citizenship. All these are
qualities to be acquired. Very few of them inherit or come
naturally into lines of association which will enable them to
acquire and develope these qualities, so that they are de-
pendent upon the Government or other outside management for
being placed under the influence of, the necessary opportuni-
ties to acquire them. It is folly for us to anticipate any
development of these qualities in them, except they have

VOL. 24

260

#2.

practical opportunity to gain them through association and
observation.

Looking over the whole field and governed by my
long observation, I must say that the position of the Indians
in the United States with reference to their chances for ac-
quiring the qualities of citizenship is far less hopeful
than was the position of the Negro in slavery, and in saying
this I mean to take into account the Schools and other civi-
lizing and educative forces we have more recently brought to
bear on Reservations. The Individual is the slave of the
Tribe. The system of Government management, including the
School, continues him so, and the Missionary and such other
sentimental help and supervision as he receives endorses,
confirms and aids the Government to this end. In my judg-
ment we are wasting time, energy and large money by our pres-
ent efforts, and shall continue to waste until we conclude
to radically change the methods. The remedy is simple, but
it must be radical and universal. I think you cannot fall
to agree with me that the United States is not to be justi-
fied in any expenditure of its resources to advance and ele-
vate Indian Tribes as such. This being so, I believe we should
carefully examine every movement, and be governed in adopt-
ing it, entirely by its probably effect along these lines.

VOL. 24

261

#3.

If Church or indiscreet and over-zealous Charity shall attempt to dictate a course calculated to maintain the autonomy of the Tribes and the Race, to the hindering of a complete National autonomy, which shall encompass them, we should not hesitate to exercise the powers of Government control to prevent such interference.

I have been here over fourteen years, and have handled about Two Thousand Four Hundred children. I have had winter Public School experiences for many hundreds of our pupils and through this means have carried from One Hundred to Two Hundred Fifty more children than my appropriation required. I have sent into Higher schools and Colleges nearly sixty pupils, a very considerable number of these into different Normal schools. There has not been, in the whole history of the school, a material objection to receiving our children into these public and higher schools and colleges, but, on the contrary, I have had constant solicitations from the Officials of higher schools to make use of their schools—for the higher education of our students. I do not recall an instance where the attendance of our Indian youth in these schools has not worked greater good to the individual than attendance upon any Indian school, Carlisle not excluded, could possibly have done.

VOL. 24

262

#4.

You plan to establish a Normal School for advanced
Indian youth and fit them for teachers to go out and scatter
in the other Indian schools what they have gained. A Normal
school solely for Indian youth, located anywhere, has one
almost insurmountable obstacle to contend with. All the
crowding, pulling and pushing of the qualities of teacher
into individual pupils must be done entirely by the teaching
forces. There will be no help worth speaking of in their
associations as pupils, for these will only be with each
other, and as they will have all come from the lower plane,
they will bring into the general association little or no
experiences helpful to each other. When you go farther and
establish the school in the little, old, antiquated, non-
progressive town of Sante Fe, which has nothing truly and
progressively American within its radius, and is not an
educational center in anything except Catholicism, you have
added vastly to the difficulties of progress and educational
development. Some of the students will go from better to
worse surroundings. You also make a mistake on the line of
economy, for you will surely find that the Normal schools
of the country will take your pupils at a less rate per capita
than you will be compelled to expend for them in this combined capacity. You want for them American education,

VOL. 24

263

#5.

American ideas, and the push and energy of the best American teachers. These you will not get in this intense Spanish community, and it will be simply impossible to secure them at all, except you throw the youth into liberal association with the elements and influences you desire them to acquire. As you know, a very large proportion of the students of our Normal schools are teachers who have already had several years experience in teaching, and having thus acquired the means to still further equip themselves for this calling, they take a Normal course. Mere association with these fellow-students will give the Indian youth as much, and, in some things, more help and incentive than their teachers can give. This also helps the Tribe by proving to the individuals and the Tribe that they are endowed with the same qualities the Whites have for acquiring knowledge. I do not think Mr. Secretary, that my aspirations or desires for the Indian are more earnest or different from yours, nor would I throw in the way a single obstacle that promised real good, but, from my experience, I realize that you have not understood the situation as well, and that you have been badly advised. For the past eight years I have had a Normal Department in this school and have selected the brightest and best of our most advanced pupils for special training therein to the number of eight or ten a year. I have certainly had skillful

VOL. 24

264

#6.

help, but my disappointments have been very great, and I
believe that I have labored here under far greater advantages
than you can possibly establish in the special school at Sante
Fe you are arranging for. Indian youth generally have not
advanced in intelligence sufficient to warrant much expecta-
tion of immediate and satisfactory results along this line.
Here in Carlisle they have had special associations, and extra
advantages and instruction in many ways outside the school,
so that we know about what to expect. I have also had under
care the best subjects from other Indian schools, and I un-
hesitatingly say that the fruit of purely Indian schools
anywhere and everywhere is not sufficiently encouraging to
warrant enlarging and much continuing of this special seclu-
sive effort. It is only when we put them into the grind of
the common and other schools of the country, and into associ-
ation and competition without our own people and their energies,
that we really get material results, but even from these we
must not foolishly expect greater success than we have from
from the like education of our own race.

I am always filled with hope when a new Administra-
tion comes into power, for I have believed for many years
that sometime there would come a William Pitt, who could and
would disperse the "Clans". I wish, Mr. Secretary, that you

VOL. 24

265

#7.

might see your way to abandon your plan for a Normal School
for Indian youth at Sante Fe, New Mexico, and that you might
forward the same youth into the Normal schools of the country.
I wish this, because I would like to see any and every plan
have in it the prospect of pulling the Indians into American
life, and thus promise permanent success.

With great respect,

Your obedient servant,

Capt. 10th Cavalry, Supt.

VOL. 24

266

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 21st, 1893.

Capt./W. W. Wetherspoon,
Mt. Vernon, Ala.

Dear Captain:-

I let five more of our Apache boys visit their
friends at Mt. Vernon at their own expense. They leave this
evening via Cincinnati. They may have two weeks with their
friends, but should start back not later than the 10th.

The sick boy has not yet arrived, but will probably
be intoday or tomorrow.

I have read with great interest your report on the
Cherokee matter, and am with you in it from beginning to end.
The more I consider the situation of your Apaches the more
perplexing becomes the situation. The absolute closing of
the door in the West and the over-proportion of women and
children and old and disabled men adds many difficulties to
the handling of them in the East. I am hopeful, however,
through the universal good conduct of the few that I have
had and the great progress they have made here, that we may
in time work them in somewhere. I shall not have the matter

VOL. 24

269

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 23, 1893.

Mr. W. M. Monyer,

#96 N. Hanover St.,

Carlisle, Pa.

My Dear Mr. Monyer:-

I accept with great pleasure the proffer of an entertainment for the Indian School for Wednesday afternoon next in the Oera House.

Please indicate the time we should be on hands, and we will be there on masse. Please also present my compliments and grateful acceptance to Mr. Larsen for his great kindness in this matter.

VOL. 24

270

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 26, 1893.

Rev. H. G. Ganss,

Rector St. Patrick's Church,
Carlisle, Pa.

My Dear Sir:-

Orders were given for the boys and girls of your congregation to attend the service at 10.30 o'clock yesterday morning and also last evening's services. I trust all went off as you desired.

In regard to the three boys making addresses at your meeting in Philadelphia: That is all right, but I shall deem it best, of course, as you suggest, to look over their addresses, as their presence at the meeting will be as representatives of the School.

VOL. 24

272

In Re: P. 101

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 26, 1893.

R. K. Moody, Sec'y University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas.

My Dear Sir:-

My experience with the Harrisburg Boiler is as
follows:- Thirteen years ago I began to use steam for heating
We first placed Horizontal Boilers in one of our large build-
ings, heating that and another building as a beginning.
Soon afterwards we put in upright boilers, trying several
different kinds that were most highly recommended and we
found in use in like places. When we erected our school
building, with about 400,000 cubic feet of space to heat, I
bought the then largest size of the Harrisburg Tubular Boil-
er and placed it in the building. We found that it was
the most economical of any boiler that we had tried and the
quickest in its operations and the easiest managed, so that
we realized quite a saving over any of the other boilers. We
had nine others in different buildings on the ground at the
same time. When we determined to heat our buildings from one
source I negotiated with the Harrisburg people for the erec-
tion of Two 100 Horse power Boilers and have since added a

VOL. 24

273

R. K. Moody,

#2.

third, anticipating a great saving in coal. I have been disappointed in this, but have not been disappointed in the working of the Boilers in, any way. I am willing to believe that my disappointment is largely due to the transmission of heat through long pipes under ground, not as well protected as they might be, our buildings being greatly detached and the distances being very considerable from one to another, necessarily causing a very considerable waste. With buildings as compact as you have at the University I believe the Boiler will give you good satisfaction. I would suggest that you use a high pressure. The difference in cost will not be so material and the gain in safety will warrant the extra expense I use the small boiler that I first spoke of as an addition to my general plant, and on one occasion when a high pressure was needed the steam was allowed to run up above its capacity and the ends were bulged out considerably. However, the boiler was not disabled.

I have found that a stationary grate or a grate having very little motion in shaking is best. We had dumping grates for two years, and the decrease in the amount of coal used since we have put instationary grates has been quite marked. A great deal of coal was wasted in the throw-out, whereas, now it is pure ashes. We use the best Anthracite Coal, broken size

VOL. 24

275

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 26, 1893.

Jas. Findley Brown, Esq.,

Room 39, Block "E", State St.,
Columbus, Ohio.

My Dear Sir:-

A friend sends me a copy of your Record of Thursday, December 21st. In my judgment, public duty requires that a copy should go into the hands of every Mneber of the House and Senate, besides other Officials in Washington, and I should like to see a copy go to every Indian Agent and Indian School Superintendent in the Service. It ought also to go into the hands of the Officials of the States, including the Superintendents of Public Instruction. It may be that it has been sent. If it has not and you have copies left I will stand the expense of sending it to Members of Congress and Officials in Washington and to the various Agents and Superintendents of Schools in the Indian service. For these it will take 550 o 600 copies. Advise me upon the receipt of this if you have them, and I will send you a mailing list, and will pay the cost and the mailing on notice from you of what they will be.

VOL. 24

278

To apply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 27, 1893.

Capt. Thomas Sharp,
Acting Indian Agent,
Lame Deer, Montana.

Dear Captain:-

There is a society called the "Indian Rights Association" that makes some pretense of looking after all the varied interests of the Indians, including their protection from whiskey selling. Mr. Herbert Welsh is the Corresponding Secretary and his address is Philadelphia, Pa. He would give you no end of Documentary stuff, but, from my experience, a man in your position or mine has a thousand times more to anticipate from direct personal effort than from anything that any of these societies can do, or even the Department itself. When in Texas in charge of the Tonkawas I prosecuted many Whiskey sellers under the law and broke up the traffic between the Indians and the Whites, which had existed for many years. When I went to Florida, after trying to protect myself by advice to the whiskey sellers and failing, I brought them to terms immediately by bringing them before the Courts. Since being here I have had men indicted for selling my boys

VOL. 24

279

Capt. Sharp, #2.

whiskey, when they were out on farms 100 miles from the school and had one man fined $1,000, besides being put in prison for six months, and had others punished in a similar manner. All you need to do is to put on the screws. The law is ample and protects Indians anywhere in the United States. I can give you the data on this subject if you want. Col. Scott's Analytical Digest of the Military Laws of the United States gives ample data; Page 348, Footnote; also Paragraph 851.

Capt. Wotherspoon has been very successful in his operations against the whiskey traffic with his Apaches at Mt. Vernon. The whiskey sellers defied him at first, but he has several of them in jail and they have learned that they are on bad ground.

I have your better about the land. You are entirely right about it, if the Government is going to do anything for the people as a mass where they are, and were I in your place I should move and do something along that line irrespective of what the Commissioner might say about it unless he moved to help me. I never would allow myself to be a tool to perpetuate the idleness and consequent destruction of the Indians that seems to be so indurated a scheme of the Indian Office.

Yours faithfully,

Capt. 10th Cavalry, Supt.

VOL. 24

280

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 27, 1893.

Rev. Dr. James Stweart,

5th Avenue Hotel, New York City.

My Dear Doctor:-

I send you an Invoice of the Spring Wagon, and three Certificates for you to sign, which will enable me to dispose of the matter on my accounts. You can keep the Invoice and I will send you a receipted bill, or you can return the Invoice to me and I will receipt that, as you will. For the Clothing I will make no charge. It is in the interests of a similar work and I think we are justified in making some slight contributions to help each other, especially when we can do it without material loss. I trust Mrs. Stewart has entirely rallied from her temporary illness.

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 28, 1893.

Miss M. Frances Winter,
Emmitsburg, Md.

Dear Miss Winter:--

Let me know what train you will arrive on and I
will send <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u> conveyance to meet you at the station.

VOL. 24

282

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 28, 1893.

Edward Marsden, Esq.,
Marietta College,
Marietta, O.

Dear Edward:--

It is all right for you to keep the slides to the date you have named. I trust you have had a pleasant Holiday and a profitable one as well. We are in the midst of ours and so far it has proved most enjoyable.

VOL. 24

283

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 28, 1893.

Dear Captain:--

Having already occasioned the Railroads a good deal of trouble to extend ticket I feel a hesitancy about going farther. When the boy is ready to return to Carlisle I will, on notice from you, arrange that he has a re-run ticket. I am very much obliged to you for your keeping him. I wish your Doctor, while he is there, would circumcise him; it might do him some good. The five boys that went dawn last are, I think, a better class, although you can't most always sometimes tell. Col. Faison, one of the Indian Inspectors, is with me, and as he has not been long in the business, it is to be quite a prolonged job.

I am informed by our Member of Congress from this District that Holman's Committee proposes to close up all the schools off Reservations. They are probably feeling around for popularity, or maybe wanting to find out what esteem we have in the public mind, or they may be serving their

VOL. 24

Capt. Wotherspoon, #2.

Master, the Catholic Church, most probably the latter. Every
indication I have satisfies me that the Catholics have cap-
tured a good deal bigger slice than they ever had before.

Nothing new has occurred to me with reference to
your matters, and indeed it seems to me that it must necessar-
ily be worked out very slowly.

Yours sincerely,

Capt. 10th Cavalry, Supt.

VOL. 24

285

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 28, 1893.

Mrs Sarah W. Taber,

64 Bartlett St.,

Roxbury, Mass.

Dear Mrs. Taber:-

The package arrived safely several days ago and I turned it into the Girls' Department. Very much obliged to you for remembering us. The Helper was ordered to your address.

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 29, 1893.

Robert J. Hamilton,
Chauncey Y. Robe,
Benjamin Caswell,

et al,

Gentlemen—

I have your letter in reference to the
introduction into the school of moderate dancing, and in
reply have to advise you that I do not deem it best to permit
a disobedience of the rules established, nor to seek to have
the rules abrogated.

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 29, 1893.

J. R. Wood, G. P. A.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

I enclose herewith my check for $7.07 covering
ticket from Canandaigua, N. Y. to Carlisle and return. deliv-
ered to Mr. Smith.

VOL. 24

288

Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 29, 1893.

My Dear Potter:-

The death of Mrs. Jordan and the press and inability
in the Laundry has prevented my getting the clothing out
before this. I send back all that seemed to belong to your
school and could be spared. I also send you One Dozen Hand
Lamps, complete; 6 large Glass Lamps, complete; 1/2 Dozen
extra Chimneys; wicks; 47 old Epworth Hymnals and make you a
present of 13 new ones, 60 in all. Inasmuch as the nedd is
emergent I send these by Express at a cost of $8.00. This
I should be glad to have you return to me if you can, if not
I will stand it. I have forwarded your appeal to Doctor
Rhoades, endorsed, and trust and believe that something will
come of it. I have been exceedingly busy with other matters
since my return and just now we have Inspector Faison here,
who is making a two weeks stay and going very carefully through
our affairs, so that I am called off a good deal.

I think of giving Mr. Spray temporary work and could

VOL. 24

289

T. W. Potter, Supt. #2.

cover his expenses in coming here, if he brought a small
party of children, say 8 or 10, half girls and half boys.
He has a number yet, I believe, at Waynesville, that he would
like to turn in. Those who came with me are getting on
nicely, except young Smith, who has just now quite a fit of
homesickness.

With best wishes and the compliments of the
season to you and your co-laborers, I am,

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291

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 1, 1894.

Sir:-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge
of this school under the provisions of the Act of Congress,
approved June 27th, per S. O. No. 194, Headquarters of the
Army, A. G. O. August 23rd, and letter of instructions from
the Honorable Secretary of the Interior, dated September 6th,
all 1879.

Very respectfully,

VOL. 24

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 1, 1894.

To the Adjutant,

10th U. S. Cavalry,

Ft. Custer, Montana.

Sir:-

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge
of this school under the provisions of the Act of Congress,
approved June 27th, per S. O. No. 194, Headquarter of the
Army, A. G. O. August 23rd, and letter of Instructions from
the Honorable Secretary of the Interior, dated September
6th, all 1879.

Very respectfully,

Your obedient servant,

Capt. 10th Cavalry, U.S.A., Supt.

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 1, 1894.

Major John Simpson, Q.M., U.S.A.,
Quartermaster's Dept., U.S.A.,
1428 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Sir:-

Hereewith enclosed please find Forage Requisition in duplicate for my two private horses for the month of January, 1894.

VOL. 24

294

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 1, 1894.

Ezra Fremont, Rsq.,

Omaha Agency, Neb.

My Dear Mr. Fremont:-

Nettie is now a Junior and it would be impossible
for her to graduate this year. Our commencement is at the
end of February. She is doing very well in her classes
and will be able to graduate nicely a year hence. In the
meantime, she is a pupil teacher and is getting a great deal
of special instruction that will fit her for work in schools,
either on or off reservations. She is about the best student
we have among the girls; is bright, thorough and very indus-
trious with her books; not quite as satisfactory with her
other work, but still doing well. I do not think she will
grow tired of school if she waits to graduate next year, and
am glad you are willing to have her attend college, for she
will certainly reflect credit upon herself and us. About the
visit home this summer I have no objection and if there is no
change in your mind and she insists on it she is entitled to
it under our regulations.

There is one feature of your letter that I should

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295

Ezra Fremont, #2.

be very glad if you and I were together and I had a full oppor-
tunity to talk over with you. That feature is the return
students. Our experience is the largest and best in the
Country, and I therefore feel as well qualified to talk on
that subject as any one. The reservations are none of them
helpful to return students. The mass of people are not only
doing badly for themselves, but are sure to exert a bad
influence upon the student. If the student has employment
and is properly supported by good influences there is some
hope, but after all, I must say, from my long experience,
that the future of the young Indian is not ever to be satis-
factory if thrown back into the Tribe. I would have a thou-
sand times more expectations of success for Nettie if she con-
tinued until her education was such as to insure her success
in better communities than the reservations or Indian commu-
nities. I see no reason why young Indians should not pass
out into the good surroundings for which they are really
fitted, in some cases, instead of returning to the evil sur-
roundings of the Reservation. If the Government gives
employment, or if some society supports them on the Reserva-
tion they may possibly do fairly well. I do not insist that
my son or my daughter shall live with me all their time, but
I do insist that he and she shall go into and continue in

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296

Ezra Fremont, #3.

those surroundings and conditions that will best advance their future interests. My oldest daughter marries and goes to Denver, Colorado, which is a goodly distance beyond Omaha, as you know. I am glad of it because she does well. I am glad to have her make a personal success of life and do not feel that it is imperative that she should live in the slums or that she is responsible for the future of any one else but herself. My son goes off in the same way, and I am glad to have him make a success in the matter of taking care of himself. He goes where he can find the best employment without reference to his father and mother or other relations. I hope the time is near when you Indian people will be equally as broad and helpful in your ideas in regard to your own children. Young men do well here and in the East they find employment, and there are plenty of good associations and surroundings that will help them and encourage them to continue and grow stronger and wiser, but parental influence calls them away from such good surroundings and compels them to live in the midst of temptations and difficulties, which, as you know and I know, overwhelm a great many well educated and strong white men. It is not the weakness of the Indian, but it is the weakness of the system that compels the Indian to go back to this condition. Unfortunately, our missionaries

VOL. 24

298

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 1, 1894.

O. D. Eaton, Breas. Board of Home Missions,
#53 Fifth Ave., New York.

My Dear Sir:-

Replying to your of the 30th of December in refer-
ence to mattresses I have to inform you that we have used
quite a variety:- Excelsior, Husk, Cotton; Excelsior, with
cotton top, hair top; Husk, with cotton top, hair top; and
have finally settled down upon a pure Husk mattress. We
find that if the mattress is made of the best Ticking and the
husks with which it is filled are of the best quality, we
can, after several years use, open it and thoroughly cleanse
and clean the covers and sort the husks and mix in fresh with
the old, and thus make about as good a mattress, for another
term, as we had at first. We have not been bothered with
the trouble of disease which you speak of for the reason
that we take great care in cleanliness, and diseased persons
are sent to the hospital, where we use a woven wire mattress
and a thin cotton spread, doubled perhaps, and which can be
washed. Have never used the cotton felt you speak of.

Yours truly

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299

BLURRED TEXT

In re: P. V.

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 1, 1894.

Thomas W. Potter, Superintendent Indian School,
Cherokkee, N. C.

My Dear Potter:-

I have just received yours of the 29th of December in regard to Sibald Smith. I have called him into the office, talked to him, and given him his letter. He has cried quite a good deal. I have changed him to the Printing Office, where I think he will feel in better lines and guess that I can handle him so that he will recover shortly.

I have offered to Mr. Spray a place as teacher. Between you and I, Mrs. Spray will not come here at all. I give her to understand that. Mr. Spray can only come as teacher of No. 11 at present. You have my letter before this about the goods, and I trust they will get to you promptly as I sent them by express.

The Post Office Department sends inquiry in regard to my complaint and I guess that something will be done to improve matters.

Very singular about the photographs. They were

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300

T. W. Potter, #2.

sent from here on the 6th of December, the same day I tele-
graphed from Whittier. They were sent under cover of postage,
and not as Official..

I have a letter from Mr. Paladino upon the subject
of his appointment here and shall endeavor to bring it about.

Wishing you all a happy New Year, I am,

Faithfully your friend,

Capt. 10th Cavalry, Sept.

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301

In memory of

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 2, 1894.

Rev. Dr. James Stewart,

C/o John Stephen, Esq.,

Domira, Partick Hill, Glasgow, Scotland.

My Dear Doctor:-

Yours of the 29th of December enclosing check for
$200 covering for wagon and harness and other goods you may
order, is, received. It would be doubtful if the wagon and
harness would reach the pier by freight in time for the Steam-
er of the 5th, so I avail of your statement that the next
steamer will do and shall see that they are there in good
time for that. I place the balance, $123.57, in an envelope
in my private drawer, subject to your further orders.

I quite fully realize all you say about my work and
the future of the Indians, and I do feel thankful, Doctor,
for results to this date, and most grateful to you for such
kind and experienced expressions. I realize, too, that I am
often impatient, although many times I feel that so little
has been gained in comparison with what I hoped in the start,
that I feel that I have exercised considerable patience.

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302

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VOL. 24

Rev. Dr. James Stewart, #2.

However, that may go. I shall, in all probability, not remove myself, but shall continue the same line in life that I have always followed, that is, to do the best I can in the place I am called to fill and leave the results to that Power which guides and directs in all human affairs.

We were concerned for Mrs. Stewart and are truly glad to hear that she is better. The visit of both of you was a real benediction for us all and we count it one of the Red Letter days for Carlisle.

You will be amused to know that the room you and Mrs. Stewart occupied has been occupied all the past week by one of our Indian Inspectors, a former Colonel in the Confederate Army, who fills the place with the densest tobacco smoke, and has to have a cuspidore in which are gathered no inconsiderable quantities of tobacco juice, which he constantly ejects when he is not puffing smoke. In addition to that he is to be with us all this week. In the meanwhile he is carefully looking over every feature of our work, property, employees, etc., in order that he may tell the Secretary of the Interior all about us.

With most cordial remembrances from Mrs. Pratt and myself to yourself and Mrs. Stewart, I am

Yours faithfully,

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa/? Jan. 6, 1894.

Edward C. Brown, Editor Columbus Record,
Columbus, Ohio.

Dear Sir:- I have been absent, and just find your letter/of
the 30th ult. I enclose $1.00 and you may send me the
30 or 40 copies that you have to spare of your issue of De-
cember 21st. I can place them from here so that they will
strike center. The article need not be re-printed as you
suggested.

1 Enclosure.

303

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 6, 1894.

Hon. Thomas B. Kennedy, President C.V.R.R.,
Chambersburg, Pa.

My Dear Mr. Kennedy:-

I am in receipt of yours of the third, with its enclosure, and herewith return the old one. For your continued kindness in this matter I am most grateful.

1 Enclosure.

304

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 6, 1894.

Prof. S. H. Treher,

Carlisle, Pa.

My Dear Sir:-

Our committee called upon Miss Dexter and she
cheerfully gave the necessary permission to use Metzgar Hall
for our University Extension meetings. She has only about
100 chairs, but I promised to have 100 hauled over from here
to help it out. Excuse me for not notifying you previously
of this. My impression was, that one of our committee being
with you in the High School, you would get your information in
that way.

In regard to the transportation, I could only work
at it when I know from just what point and to what point and
when the lecturer would want the transportation. I have just
returned from a three day's absence, but will take up the
ticket matter at once and place the 25 that I agreed to.

305

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 6, 1894.

Louis Klopsch, Esq.,

Bible House, New York City.

De ar Sir:-

I enclose my check for $1.50 for which please continue the Christian Herald to Mrs. Mary Dagan, but change the address to Logansport, Indiana. Your record of notification is hereby returned.

1 Enclosure.

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 6, 1894.

Miss Frances C. Sparhawk,

Salisbury Point, Mass.

Dear Miss Sparhawk:-

I have yours of the 1st telling me of the box of
Magazines, etc. They have not been received but will be
welcome. Mrs. Pratt has not been well and feels mortified
that she has not written you, in regard to "A Wedding Tangle".
She will probably have done so today.

307

VOL. 24

To reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 6, 1894.

Miss Flora Pretylodge,

Laurel, Yellowstone Co., Mont.

Dear Flora:--

Thanks for your nice letter and its warm messages.
I am so glad to hear that your health improves and do hope
that you may be fully restored. May your New Year be a very
happy one. The 10¢ for the Helper was turned over to Miss
Burgess and you will get the paper from this on.

VOL. 24

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 8, 1894.

John T. Obenchain, Esq.,
Logansport, Ind.

Dear Sir:-

I have yours of the 5th and have to advise you that
. I shall take no steps whatever in the matter referred to.
Mother has assumed to look at the matter in the light of
your Post Script, although I have repeatedly stated to the
contrary. Under the circumstances of her condition I saw no
other way but to bear it. While I am sorry for the annoyance
she is not to obligate me in any sense in any matter whatever.

309

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 8, 1894.

M. H. Sechler, Esq.,

316 Calhoun St.,

Ft. Wayne, Ind.

My Dear Sir:-

There is no work that I know of that covers the ground of your inquiry. If you could get a copy of the report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the period for which you desire information of their past condition that would give as clear an exposure of as my book I know. That you might find in some old Library in your town. And for the present condition of the Indians and in order to draw comparison, the later reports of the Commissioner would be the best source of information that I can cite you to.

That also ought to be on file in your Libraries, but it not, you could easily get a copy by writing to the Honorable Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C.

310

VOL. 24

312

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 10, 1894.

Prof. S. H. Troher,

Carlisle, Pa.

Dear Prof.:-

The following named persons have purchased tickets
and become members of the University Extension Circle:-

Capt. R. H. Pratt; Mrs. Pratt; Mr. A. J. Standing;
Mrs. Standing; Dr. Carlos Montezuma; Miss Flora Campbell;
Mr. W. B. Beitzel; Mrs. Beitzel; Prof. O. H. Bakeless; Mr.
Den Wheelock; W. P. Campbell; Mrs. Campbell; Miss M. Burgess;
Miss L. R. Shaffner; Miss L. A. Bender; Mrs. L. B. Given;
Miss E. A. Cutter; Miss A. C. Hamilton; Mrs. A. M. Worthington
Miss Marie Worthington; Miss. J. P. Cochran; Miss F. M. Car-
ter; Miss M.E.B.Phillips; Miss K. J. Wiest; Mr. P. L. Drum;
Miss M. E. Campbell; Miss A. S. Luckenbach; Mr. W. Grant
Thompson; Mrs. Thompson; Mr. F. J. Martin; Mr. W. R. Claudy;
Miss K. Bowersox; Miss F. E. Russell; Miss C. Anthony; Miss
Jamison; Mr. Wm. Denomie; Miss Minnte Yandell; Miss Ida La
Chapelle; Miss Nettie Fremont; Miss Adelia Lowe; Bertram
Kennerly.

VOL. 24

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VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 10, 1894.

Willis A. Jones, Esq.,

Marion M'f'g Co.,

Marion, Ohio.

Dear Sirs:-

I had a very earnest letter from Mrs. Jones a few
days ago complaining that Fred left home without her knowledge
or consent and demanding that he return home to her. I have
written her that he could be returned at her cost, not other-
wise. In the beginning I urged that the Public School was
the best place for a boy of his qualities and that he should
not be allowed to drift into Indian lines in any sense, but
still I did not deny his right to enter here. Since he has
come to school and I have seen him I am still better satis-
fied that I was right in my advice. Fred seems to be doing
well and he is at the present performing duties that we always
place on the new-comers. The shops were all full when he
came and it may be that there will not be a vacancy before
the 1st of April. At that time we put many students out
and the shops become depleted and then we can turn in those

313

315

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 10, 1894.

Dear Judge Browning:—

I have a letter from Mr. A. Dickson of Jamestown, New York, appealing to me to do what I can to help his daughter who was formerly Miss Mary Dickson and a teacher at Cherokee, N.C. I have also a letter from Dr. Palmer, Principal of the Fredonia State Normal School, where Miss Dickson graduated. Dr. Palmer speaks of her and her father most kindly; says she is a young lady of promise and ability, strictly conscientious, and devoted to her duties, always desirous of becoming useful in the world. I saw Mrs. Smith (nee Dickson) when at Cherokee and heard the full account both she and her husband gave of the matters leading up to her dismissal. While she may have been indiscreet it did seem to me that injustice had been done, and the fact that her husband had been classed as an Indian had undue prejudice in the minds of those who may have represented her case. Mr. Smith's father was a mixed blood, certainly fully one half white and his mother was a white woman. Mr. Smith himself is an energetic, active and good looking young man, quite as well educated as his wife. They are young people just beginning life and are entitled to

VOL. 24

316

Judge Browning, #2.

forbearance. From what I could learn much of their trouble arose from jealousies on account of politics. Mr. Smith, following in his father's footsteps, represented the Democratic faction, while those who maligned him belonged to the Republican party.

Would it not be practicable for you to write a kindly letter and is not the case of Mrs. Smith in such shape before the Department as that you could exonerate her from any blame or assure her that no charges rested against her at the Department? I believe both she and her husband are worthy and respectable, and this episode has brought into their lives a great deal of bitterness that might, I think, far better be removed. I write this to you, Judge, personally because it is hardly a matter within range of my official cognizance. I have a personal interest in it in this:- That Mrs. Pratt was born in Jamestown, the former home of Mrs. Smith, and that our relatives there are acquainted with and interested in the family. Two of Mrs. Smith's sisters are now among the best teachers in the very superior schools of Jamestown, and they and her other friends feel greatly humiliated.

Yours with great respect,
Hon.D.M.Browning, Com'r, etc.

VOL. 24

317

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 16, 1894.

Mrs. A. C. Vail,

Montpelier, Vt.

Dear Friend:-

I have yours of the 6th with its enclosed $2.50 to cover freight on box sent by Mrs. Rhinehart's Sunday School Class. The box will probably not get here for several weeks as we have found when shipped by freight from irregular points there is considerable delay. When it arrives I will write you further. Thanking you and Mrs. Rhinehart and the little ones for their kindness to us, I am

Capt. 10th Cavalry, Supt.

VOL. 24

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 10, 1894.

S. M. Leidich, Esq.,

Carlisle, Pa.

Sir:-

It will be no inconvenience to me whatever for you
to take your course in making the collection or ending the
matter you speak of in your note of January 9th.

BLEED THROUGH

VOL. 24

319

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 10, 1894.

H. E. Rupert, Esq.,

Longsdorf, Cumberland Co., Pa.

Dear Sir:-

The demands of our local poor are more than we
can fill and I have nothing to send you in answer to yours of
the 1st inst.

BLEED THROUGH

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320

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 10, 1894.

Louis R. Caswell, Esq.

White Earth, Minn.

Dear Louis:--

It will not do for you to let the order for ticket to lie at Detroit unused. If you were not ready to return to Carlisle at the time you should not have asked for the ticket. Now that you have asked for the ticket and the ticket has been placed subject to your disposal, the one thing for you to do is to come on immediately and not allow any one to stave you off on one pretense or another. Please, as soon as you receive, leave for Carlisle.

Faithfully your friend,

Capt. 10th Cavalry, Supt.

BLEED THROUGH

VOL. 24

321

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 10, 1894.

H. H. Lindumuth, Esq.,

The Raymond-Campbell M'f'g Co.,
Middletown, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

Your letter informing us that you had sent us a calendar was received a few days ago, but the calendar has not yet put in appearance. With regards and compliments of the season.

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323

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in reply to

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 10, 1894.

Alexander Beaulieu, Esq.?

Hansvill, Cook Co., Minn.

Dear Comrade:-

I have had your letter several days and have given the matter some thought. Lieutenant Dion is a very good young man, but has not much snap and is certainly in no position just now to think of matrimony. I would suggest that you write to him that when he has an occupation and salary indicating his ability to take care of a wife that you will be willing to consider his wishes in regard to Mary. You might, if you choose, ask him his prospects and so on. He is steady as an old clock about his work here, and when I place him in the country with the farmers he gives satisfaction and he does nothing to the discredit of himself as a man and Mary, of course, might do a great deal worse. He has not the caliber to graduate from our school, and it has been my intention to let him strike out for himself at the end of this school year. He has been here long enough. He has no habits that I know of that would endanger his future, and I believe that his intentions are perfectly good and that

VOL. 24

325

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In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 12, 1894.

To the Adjutant-General, U.S.A.,
Washington, D. C.

Sir:-

I carry on here a regular system of Guard, quite the same as at a Military Post. The training is valuable for these young Indians, and, as experience has shown, has fitted them for non-commissioned officers in Indian Companies. Your office has kindly heretofore favored me with a constant supply of Guard Report books. Our last supply is exhausted, and I respectfully request to be furnished with three additional Guard Report books for the purposes named.

VOL. 24

326

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In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 12, 1894.

President James McAllister, LLD.,

Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My Dear Doctor:-

Thank you for the invitation to be present Saturday afternoon, January 20th, 1894, at your Memorial Services.

I have long wanted to look over your Institution and would be glad to be present, and, if there is room, bring Mrs. Pratt. I would probably come down in time to visit the Institute the day before, if it would be open then.

VOL. 24

BLEED THROUGH

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE.
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT,

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 12, 1894.

Hon. Philip C. Garrett,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Mr. Garrett:-

I have your invitation to be present at the meeting on the 16th inst. It will be quite impracticable for me to attend.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 24

BLEED THROUGH

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 12, 1894.

Sargeant T. W. Gooday, Co. I, 12th Infantry,
Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.

My Dear Talbott:-

I have your letter asking to return to Carlisle
on the expiration of your service. You are now quite a man
grown, and you have had enough training given you by the
Government, both at Carlisle and in the Army, to fit you to
go out among men and to take your place and go on and earn
your own living independent of the Government, and it seems
to me that you ought to do this. You are too old to continue
in school. I am glad that you look back to Carlisle and feel
friendly to it. I am glad also to assure you of my appreci-
ation and the appreciation of all the teachers and officers
at Carlisle of your good conduct. We are your friends and
earnestly desire your highest and best good.

Cordially your friend,

VOL. 24

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 13, 1894.

Mr. Thomas Blue Jacket,

Vinita, Indian Ter.

Dear Sir:-

I have had your letter for some time and must
apologize for not writing sooner, though there was really
nothing special to write about. I am pleased to have your
kindly expressions and have, as I informed you in a former
letter, only the best anticipations for Ida and your younger
daughter. It will be quite useless for Mrs. Hawk to send
for her son, as we are not handling children in that way.
They must come to us for fixed periods and must stay until
those periods are accomplished. The only thing that might
interfere is the antipathy just to mixed bloods, but I believe
that will all soon pass. Noah will probably, if he has not
already, change his mind soon.

VOL. 24

332

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE
OFFICE OF SUBDUEMENT

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 13, 1894.

Mr. A. Dickson,

419 Lake View Ave.,

Jamestown, N.Y.

My Dear Sir:-

I have written Judge Browning, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, privately, about your daughter's case, and have just received assurance that there are no charges against her character in the Indian Bureau. The re-instatement will be a different matter. That has to be done by an act of the Civil Service Commission itself, and my experience up to date with that Commission has been such as to warrant me in believing that there are little or no grounds for expectation of favorable action by the Commission. Several like cases have come under my notice where the greatest injustice seemed to have been perpetrated and no relief followed the most persistent and influential efforts.

BLEED THROUGH

VOL. 24

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BLEED THROUGH

VOL. 24

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 13, 1894.

Dear Captain:--

I just have your letter of the 4th inst. and can only suggest one course that would accomplish your purpose. You, of course, desire to make your trip East without cost to yourself. I can cover all your expenses to Carlisle and returning to your station, provided you bring us a party of not less than 10 suitable children. I fear, however, that the law governing us may operate to hinder your best success. The clause in the appropriation bill authorizing our school provides that pupils shall have attended some other school at least three years. Now, if you can make up a party of not less than 10, and not less than one third of whom shall be girls, all over 12 and under 20 years of age, in good health and of good character, I can arrange transportation and provide the means for the incidental expenses and also for your return expenses. I would suggest that you make no mention of the matter in connection with your absence, but simply ask for an absence.

339

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 15, 1894.

Hon. F. E. Beltzhoover,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.

Dear Sir:-

Referring to your recent letter covering the alleged attitude of the House Indian Committee towards Eastern Schools I have to respectfully advise you that it seems to me no permanent disadvantage would accrue from the fullest expression against us, in debate or by act, that opponents to our system of Eastern Indian education could make. There is a constant attempt to harass us by bald assertion and innuendo, but if you will note carefully the course pursued in this opposition you will see that no proof is ever submitted showing that the Western system is as good or better.

The question raised lately seems never to, "Shall the Indian be educated or not"? That has probably been settled forever, and the demand is now that, for White, Black, Indian, and all other Nationalities who now or in the future are to be counted as citizens of the United States, a common

VOL. 24

340

Beltzhoover, --2.

school education is a necessary qualification and that the
means of obtaining it shall be placed within the reach of
all. In the case of the Indian the controversy is shifted
from "Shall he be educated at all", to "Where shall he be
educated," or "Shall the work of education be done in the
midst of, or in close proximity to, the old home life out of
which we are trying to raise him, or shall it be in the
surroundings of that civilization of which we desire him to
become a part in common with those of every nation, who, year
by year, come amongst us and become of us"? The arguments
of those who are for educating the Indian amongst his old
surroundings are various. Chief among them are the follow-
ings:-- Economy; cruelty to parents and children by separa-
tion for a long period; probability of educating and lifting
the young folks so far above their old surroundings that they
will never thereafter be congenial to them; and heavy mor-
tality induced by change of climate.

In regard to economy:- I have no hesitancy in un-
qualifiedly asserting that Eastern education is the cheaper,
even if it were not better than the Western. Note that the
annual appropriation for support of Indian schools gives the
schools at Albuquerque, N.M., Carson City, Nev., Sante Fe,
N.M., Shoshone Reservation, Wyoming, Grand Junction, Colo.,

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341

Beltzhoover, --3.

Phoenix, Arizona, and Salem, Oregon, $175 each, while Lawrence, Kansas, Genoa, Nebraska, and Carlisle, Pa., receive only $167 each. Supposing that it costs nothing for transportation to these $175 schools, and an average of $40 to transport to and from the other schools, the $8 difference per annum appropriation, and our five years' term gives us the $40. Now, the greater part of all school supplies are purchased in New York and shipped direct to the schools.

Compare the freight rates between the Eastern schools and the Western schools, and consider that for five years the quantity of food, clothing, school material, etc., required has to be transported annually, and you will see that the Eastern schools have great advantage over the Western in the matter of transportation cost. If you take some of the Western schools not directly appropriated for you will find that their annual cost is very much greater than $175 per capita. The annual cost at Carlisle has been far below $167 for quite a number of years past, even below $140 per capita. On the question of cost we are impregnable.

The matter of cruelty to parents and children might possibly be worthy of some little notice if force were a factor. Such statements against Carlisle are entirely without foundation, except in the matter of the Chiricahua Apache

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342

Beltzhoover, --4.

prisoner children brought here under orders of the Secretary
of War. But if force has been used elsewhere at such schools
it was right and justifiable, because the Government does
insist that Indian youth shall be educated somewhere, and
Congress has distinctly directed that it shall be done, and
has authorized compulsion, and compulsion is and has been
used in the home schools everywhere among the Nomadic Tribes
for years. Indeed, compulsory education is provided for in
all our Treaties of 1868, with the Sioux, Cheyennes, Arapao-
hoes, Kiowas, Comanches, Navajoes, and other like Tribes.

Laying all these facts aside, would it be inkeeping with our
present civilization to permit so important a question as
the education of the youth to be settled by some old
depraved Grandmother, who has no conception of what is
involved in the issue, and who can easily be influenced by
designing people in any direction desired?

In regard to the statement that Eastern schools
educate the youth out of sympathy with the home life of their
people, which is asserted against us with so much seriousness,
I have to say that I admit and take pride in the discovery of
our opponents that this is so, and instead of excusing or
regretting the fact I regard it as good evidence that we are
doing our work. The more discontent with their present

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343

Beltzhoover, --5.

conditions we can plant in the mind of Indian youth the better. All progress is based on discontent.

The question of mortality is one in which there is not sufficient reliable data on record on the other side to make comparisons and arrive at conclusions intelligently, for the reason that schools among or close to the Indians uniformly get the failing student back home without special note, and the death is lost sight of in the general mortality of the Tribe. We have had 2,400 students here during 14 years, and 131 have died at the school. The Osages, on their Reservation, numbering less than 2,000, a few years ago lost over 200 children in the course of a few months, by measles alone. The Pawnees, numbering less, lost an equal proportion, and since the establishment of the school at Carlisle, scarcely a Tribe represented here but has had, from the simple diseases of measles, chicken pox, whooping cough, etc., a mortality far in excess of the loss at Carlisle, while Carlisle, because of better care, has never lost a student from such diseases. Our death rate for some years past has not been greater than in the best schools of the country.

As to the quality and results of the education given at the two points, it would be pleasant to disparage none,

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344

Beltzhoover,--6.

but the fact is that in many cases attendance at Agency
schools, both day and boarding, also at Western contract
schools, is of such a shifting character that there is an
immense amount of waste in the work done compared with that
which is effective. This loss is, to a great extent, avoided
in Eastern schools, there being but comparatively few breaks
in the school term of five years. At the Agencies and in
the Reservation schools, it is a continued effort to keep up
attendance, and the demands upon the resources of the manage-
ment on this line are such as to greatly diminish the
results. In addition to the stress upon the Superintendent
and Officers of the school, the attention and energies of
the Agent and his Police Force are constantly needed to com-
pel attendance of the pupils. Frequent absences of the
students at home and association with Indian surroundings
nullify greatly the instructions given. Sometime ago one of
my employees was going to a certain Tribe, after children,
where was an Agency Boarding school of considerable prom-
inence. I instructed him to get the records of the school
as far back as possible and find some man who had been at
the Agency during all the years and goober the records, by
name, and see what had become of the pupils that had been in
the school. He succeeded in getting the records covering a

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345

Beltshoover, --7.

period of 12 years, and a White man well acquainted with the
Tribe, who had been living with it nearly all his life, went
over the names with him and accounted for nearly every child
on the lists. One student was reported to be an apprentice
in the Agency Blacksmith shop. Several mixed bloods were
reported to be engaged in farming, stockraising or some
other business in the neighboring country and towns. A num-
ber of the students were reported to be at Carlisle and other
remote schools. With these exceptions the uniform report was
that the pupil had returned to the condition of "Blanket
Indian". It has been common for us to receive students here,
coming in wild dress, with long hair and all the appurte-
nances of Camp Indians, and to find that they had been in
Agency schools at irregular intervals, as much as three, four
and five years, and often lost all they had gained.

I have heretofore refrained from putting forward
these facts, trusting that they might become apparent by some
other means, but the constant assertions against us require
that we should insist upon careful examinations and compar-
isons. The general confession of all those engaged in Agency
school work is that the surroundings and associations add
insuperably to the difficulties of their work and detract
largely from its success. They also complain that it is
difficult, almost impossible, to keep students in such schools

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346

Beltshoover, --8.

after the reach the age of 14 years, especially girls. The
conditions existing in Reservation schools apply, in a great
measure, to those Training and Contract schools located near
the Reservations, where the students make periodic visits
home and return to school or not, as they please, and when
they please, and where running away is both practicable and
common.

A review of the whole field, in the light of my
long experience and extended information, leads me to suggest
that only a limited use of the Reservation Day and Boarding
school should be made, as a first step, and to affirm that
the best results possible from purely Indian schools are to
be expected only from those schools located in our most
progressive communities far away from the Reservations, and
whose efforts are directed to bringing about intercourse,
labor and school association and competition with the gener-
al population. Unfortunately, purely Indian schools anywhere
do not and cannot fully reach and cure the case. They say
to the Indian, practically, "You are an Indian and must remain
so, you are not competent to become a member of the great
American Family". We must look beyond the purely Indian
School to the distribution of Indian youth in our American
system of Public and other schools as the only true American-

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347

Beltzhoover, --9.

izer. Please do not understand me as endorsing in any manner the wasteful and most baneful School system of the last Indian management. That system is simply a Tribalizing, Indianizing influence and a positive force against the Americanizing of the Indian. It does not make so much actual difference as to whether the school is on an Indian Reservation, or is located at some point near, but almost as absolutely cut off from the civilizing influences of a busy and industrious community, the failure is the same so far as getting the Indian into the American system is concerned.

The next largest school to Carlisle, and the best located of all the Western schools, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas, complains that the animosity of the people of Kansas towards the Indians prevents successful practice of the "Outing System", which we find so eminently successful here at Carlisle, and which Congress, by its appropriations for years, has indicated its desire to extend.

The statement often made, but never proven, that the educated Indian is worse than the one who has no education, I will dismiss as too puerile to talk about. Those who utter such sentiment are grossly ignorant or wilfully blind to the facts. Major Freeman, now Acting Indian Agent for the Osages, told me recently that during his long experience and

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348

Beltshoover, --10.

wide observation of Indians during his service in the West,
he had never known a young Indian, brought under the influence
of the school, who was not benefitted, and that he had never
seen one that, in his opinion, was not a great deal better
than he would have been if he had not had the advantage of
the school, and this is my own observation. It must be re-
membered that the examples of failure put forward are never
thoroughly investigated. No one pretends to know or care
what they were before they went to school, nor is there any
disposition to consider the length of time they have been in
school. The fact that a young Indian has been at Carlisle
for 6 months, or three years or even five years, does not make
him or her a "Carlisle graduate" or justify high expectations
Every movement gathers force with time and numbers. At pres-
ent the educated Indians are few and an immature minority,
but each year adds to their numerical and individual strength,
and correspondingly decreases the strength of the opposing
influences. In the final outcome the Indian educated and
trained by association within and with the kindlier broader
influences of the East will be foremost in independence and
many citizenship. It is absurd to anticipate, for the
Indian, fraternity and the ability to cope with us in our
affairs, so long as our Reservation schooling and treatment

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VOL. 24

BLURRED TEXT

Beltzhoover, --11.

of him deny me fraternity and the chance to learn to cope with
us.

In closing I take the liberty of sending you my
last annual report; also a copy of my address at the Last
Lake Mohonk Conference.

With great respect,

351

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 15, 1894.

Wyckoff, Seamans & Bendict,

9th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentlemen:-

The Typewriter, on which this letter is written,
numbered 62,757, purchased in 1891, has always been defective
in the alignment, and we have complained of it before. I
brought it to the attention of your Agent and he assured us
that he would fix it all right. We sent it to you about four
months ago and it came back that feature unimproved.

I would like to exchange it for a new one, provided
I can do so without too much cost. Please let me know
what the difference would be in exchange.

VOL. 24

352

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 15, 1894.

National Typewriter Co.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentlemen:-

I am using four Remington Typewriters and I am thinking of exchanging for some other. Those that I have are serviceable, but worn. Please let me know the best rate you can name me in exchange. Please also send me full information about your machine.

BLEED THROUGH

VOL. 24

353

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 15, 1894.

Hammond Typewriter Co.,

6th & Chestnut Sts., Philada.

Gentlemen:-

I have a Remington Typewriter, #62,757, bought in 1891, which I am desirous of exchanging, either for a Remington or some other make. Please let me know your terms in exchange, and also please send me full information concerning your machine.

VOL. 24

354

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 16, 1894.

T. W. Potter, Supt., etc.,

Cherokee, N. C.

My Dear Potter:-

You know very well that it would be quite impracticable for me to consent to the return of Sibbald. If I gave way to one case of homesickness I might have 50 next day. It won't do. Besides, Sibbald nothing just now so much as a little stern treatment. He has never been away from his mother before and is altogether too babyish for one of his years. He will be glad, his mother and all of his friends will be glad later on, that I held onto him, which I shall certainly do. I trust that no money may be sent here, nor need there be any expectations that if money were sent I would let him go home. The paying his way back has no influence whatever. I am sure that Sibbald himself is in quite a different frame of mind from what he was some days ago. He will be entirely reconciled soon, if he gets no sympathy.

I am afraid your fellow Long is going to be the most troublesome.

In regard to the large Lamps I felt that it was

VOL. 24

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 16, 1894.

James Blithe, Esq.,

Cherokee, N. C.

My Dear Mr. Blithe:-

I have yours of the 12th about Sibbald. I cannot permit him to return home. We have always and steadily refused such applications and must in his case. Mr. Potter has written Sibbald that it is probably all right and Sibbald brought me his letter. I also have Mr. Potter's letter, but I think I know the kind of medicine Sibbald needs to make a man of him and he must be left in my hands now that he has been placed there. I trust he will receive no help whatever from home, and if he undertakes to go home by running away he will no doubt be arrested and brought back so that he may find his case hopeless and then he will govern himself accordingly. I think the opportunities here are just such as he needs at this time. I have favored him in placing him in the Printing Office earlier than we ordinarily make assignments to new students. He at least seems contented and happy, and I think if he receives no comfort from home he will pull through and himself, in a short time, be glad that

356

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357

Blithe,--2.

he failed in getting home.

I am sorry to hear what you say about Mr. P--.

There are always some who cannot stand prosperity, at least, they can't stand it until they have had some setbacks.

Thank you for faith in Carlisle. We will do the best we can and trust that the outcome in the case of your boys and girls will be in favor of the best opportunities for Indians.

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358

To reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 16, 1894.

Capt. W. W. Wotherspoon,

Mt. Vernon, Ala.

My Dear Captain:-

The boys arrived all right, but the sick boy is in the Hospital again out of condition. I enclose my check on New York, covering $22.70, the cost of his ticket and I will send his return ticket to Mr. Wood of the Pennsylvania Railroad, from whom I obtained them, and get him to make a rebate direct to me, so that you need not bother with it further.

The boys report having a good time, but are more satisfied to stay hereabouts because of their visit.

In reference to the children:-I will take a party of 6 or 8 or 10, if you have them, in good health, good character, above 12, under 20. I send you descriptive list which we would require to have filled up carefully in case of the transfer, and on notice from you I will make the necessary railroad arrangements, and will run down myself to bring them up.

Our Member of Congress has informed me of the intention of the Indian Committee of the House to gradually

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359

Wotherspoon, --2.

close out Eastern schools, that is, to prohibit the transfer
of any more pupils and require that when those now at Eastern
schools return the schools shall close. I am rather glad
to have Mr. Holman undertake just this kind of a job, for I
am sure it will work wonders for us in the contrary direction.
Papacy, which is well intrenched in the Indian Office now in
the person of the Assistant Commissioner, (who is in fact the
Commissioner,) and the head of the Educational Department, is
behind it all. I am going into the fight if I do get "licked"
and shall neither expect nor give quarter. I feel just
exactly as you do about staying in the Indian Service, but
my being at the head here and having built it up handicaps
me from any escape. Others must do the relieving, and when
they do I shall be glad.

With kindest regards to Mrs. Wotherspoon in which
Mrs. Pratt joins, I am

Yours cordially,

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360

In reply to:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUBORDINATED

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 16, 1894.

Prof. J. H. Morgan,

Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.

My Dear Doctor:-

On Saturday night we have an Oratorical contest
for a prize and Edwin Schanandore is one of the contestants.
Your exercises begin at 7.30, ours at 7, and we may put him
on the platform first and let him go to you immediately
thereafter. The others will report, of course.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 24

361

In reply to

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 17, 1894.

Marcy Sciopticon Co.,
1008 Walnut St.
Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentlemen:-

I returned your Sciopticon by express yesterday, charges prepaid. We had another in competition with it, and my man, who intended to make use of it, concluded that he liked the other one better.

VOL. 24

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
INDIAN SCHOOL SERVICE,
OFFICE OF SUPRAINTENDENT.

Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 17, 1894.

J. R. Wood, G.P.A.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

Owing to the illness of the young man, the return ticket from My. Vernon, Alabama, which you were so kind as to have extended, was not used within the time of its extension, and as a party was coming through a few days ago the officer in charge procured a through ticket at a cost of something over $22 and sent the young man along over the same route covered by the ticket. I am sorry to make so many requests in this matter and put you to so much inconvenience, but I will be greatly obliged if you will make the young man such rebate as you can on his unused ticket which is herewith.

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362

496

Miss Smith,--2.

will should you remain under Carlisle's care, press me
about going into the Normal Room and I will give you a good
chance to try your powers there. It is too bad that we are
deprived of the valuable help of Miss Shaffner at this
time, but we are to be greatly thankful that her life has
been spared, for indeed, she has been very near death's
door.

VOL. 24

497

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa. † Feb. 15, 1894.

Miss Alice M. Seabrook,

1260 North 23rd Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Miss Seabrook:-

I enclose my check covering your expenses to see Miss Shaffner. The later news from her is quite encouraging, and we are anticipating the return of Miss Barr, and possibly sending one of the Nurse girls down, possibly not. It had been arranged that one should be sent Friday. I had a telegram from Miss Barr yesterday telling me not to send until I heard from or saw her again.

Glad to hear the good news about Katie and Phoebe. What a wonderful influence it has had on Phoebe to associate with the people she has out from the school.

Shall be glad to have you and your friends come up. It looks as though we were going to be packed full of people. We have agreed to take care of all of our patrons that come up, and about 80 have accepted already. This exceeds our calculations a long way. I shall have a large party of Washington visitors, but if you came you could turn into the Hospital. We could not put other visitors there.

Yours sincerely,

1 Enclosure.

VOL. 24

498

In reply to:

Carlisle, Pa., Feb. 15, 1894.

John Moses,

Mackinaw City, Mich.

My Dear John:-

I do not think it best for you to return to
Carlisle. You are a man now and had better go about the
duties of a man.

VOL. 24

499

Carlisle, Pa., Feb. 16, 1894.

Crosscup & West,

911 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sirs:-

I want a plate from an 8 X 10 Photograph of our
graduating class, consisting of 19 members. I can send
you the photograph by Wednesday next. Would it be possible
for us to get the plate by the following Saturday, or at
the latest on Monday following. Please advise at once.

VOL. 24