HAK:

[7]

If you do stop in KL en route to Jakarta, the BA flight from London arrives KL at 5:15 pm Saturday.

Your schedule in Jakarta is technically free until the Tuesday morning Asian Bankers and dinner that night for the Lippo Group annual meeting, but I get the impression you will be getting a social invitation from Dr. Riady of Lippo for a reception or something Monday night.

MALAYSIAN STRATEGIC
RESEARCH CENTRE

JUL 22 1994

MSRC

PUSAT PENYELIDIKAN STRATEGIK MALAYSIA

11 July 1994

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Kissinger Associate Incorporated
350 Park Avenue
New York City
New York 10022 - 6022
USA

Dear Mr. Kissinger,

I had just returned from the United States after what I would regard as a very successful visit.

2. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your kind hospitality during our breakfast meeting at the Regency Hotel, New York City. The discussions we had were most enlightening and thought provoking. It is always a privilege and honour to be given the opportunity to discuss strategic issues with you.

3. You mentioned that you will be visiting Malaysia sometime in the near future. Please do let me know and I certainly would like to invite you for dinner.

4. As you may know, I am the Chairman of a newly set up think tank, the Malaysian Strategic Research Centre (MSRC). I enclosed herewith a brochure of MSRC. If it is convenient to you, I would like to invite you when you are next in Kuala Lumpur to give us a luncheon address, to be organised by MSRC. I am sure that Malaysians are eager and look forward to hear your wisdom on the strategic environment, which is currently undergoing a tremendous change. It would indeed be a great honour for me and MSRC to host you.

5. Once again, thank you very much and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

With warmest regards,

( DATO' SRI MOHD NAJIB )
Chairman of MSRC

10th Floor, Bangunan Getah Asli, 148 Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.

Tel: 03-263 6086 / 263 6089 Fax: 03-263 6087

New Perspectives Quarterly

10951 West Pico Boulevard
3rd Floor
Los Angeles, California
90064

TEL - 310 | 474-0011

FAX - 310 | 474-8061

Stanley K. Sheinbaum, Publisher

Nathan P. Gardels, Editor

JUL 28 REC'D

July 20, 1994

Henry Kissinger
Kissinger & Associates
350 Park Ave., 26th Floor
New York, NY 10022

Dear Henry Kissinger:

America's mass democratic culture has been transformed by the media into a Republic of the Image. In today's information democracies, everyone not only gets their few minutes of fame but also of shame; every product gets its commercial on local cable and you can get the news 24 hours a day — even when there isn't any.

As the first ranking mass culture superpower, the American way is being exported to the rest of the wired planet. We saw, for instance, how the recent Italian elections were won by media maven Silvio Berlusconi following the dictum of movie star Ronald Reagan: political power comes from the angle of the camera.

The summer issue of NPQ, "Republic of the Image" examines this transformation of democratic culture.

Douglas Rushkoff of the Generation X crowd offers one of the more penetrating insights into the media since Marshall McLuhan. Daniel Boorstin, Librarian of Congress Emeritus, brings an historical perspective. Carl Bernstein of Watergate fame, Michael Crichton, Camile Paglia, Stewart Brand and Steve Wasserman look at the agitated state of America's mediaized culture. Shimon Peres and Henry Kissinger discuss the positive and negative aspects of the image and public opinion in international affairs. Taking the Italian situation as a case in point of how the media has overtaken traditional political forms, NPQ talked with Franco Zeffirelli, the filmmaker, as well as the surprise winner and loser of the Italian contest, Silvio Berlusconi and Achille Ochetto.

If the media has become not an extension of our consciousness, but the realm of human consciousness itself, as Rushkoff suggests, it has supplanted economics and politics as the central arena of social relations. As such, hasn't the time arrived to design some system of checks and balances before the tools of our enlightenment and cultivation drive us to new depths in the hands of lowest-common-denominator mass culture?

This is the critical question facing information democracies today. We hope that by framing the debate in this way NPQ has contributed to what ought to be the most pressing debate in our society today.

NPQ's weekly column
GLOBAL VIEWPOINT
distributed exclusively by the
Los Angeles Times Syndicate

Los Angeles Times
SYNDICATE

A PUBLICATION OF THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS

New Perspectives Quarterly

VOLUME 11 NUMBER 3 • SUMMER 1994

Comment

2. Republic of the Image

Beyond the Spectacle

4. Media: It's The Real Thing DOUGLAS RUSHKOFF

16. **A History of the Image: From Pseudo-Event to Virtual Reality** DANIEL J. BOORSTIN

Culture and Media: The Ephemeral and the Enduring

22. **Talk Show Nation** CARL BERNSTEIN

28. **Mediasauras: Bye-Bye to the Times and the Networks** MICHAEL CRICHTON

31. **The Age of Hollywood** CAMILLE PAGLIA & STEWART BRAND

34. **Vanishing Prose** STEVE WASSERMAN

36. **The Cathedral of Literature** OCTAVIO PAZ

Diplomacy and the Image: CNN is Not the NSC

39. **An Informed Public: The Third Party in Peace Negotiations** SHIMON PERES

41. **Town Hall Diplomacy** JOE CLARK

42. **Photo-Op Foreign Policy** HENRY KISSINGER

44. **Bavarian TV and the Balkan War** FLORA LEWIS

Media and Politics: From Machiavelli to Zeffirelli in Italy

51. **Anti-Politics of the Image** FRANCO ZEFFIRELLI

54. **Against the Dictatorship of the Image** ACHILLE OCHETTO

55. **The White Stallion of TV** SILVIO BERLUSCONI

AS THE WORLD TURNS

58. **The Waning Nation State** NELSON MANDELA

59. **The Mayan Way** RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ

61. **Hope and Horror in Africa** WOLE SOYINKA

PUBLISHER'S PAGE

64. **Just Think...** STANLEY K. SHEINBAUM

If hot-line commentary is all that is offered that public, we will reap fear and insularity.

thought they were qualified to discuss their country's constitution. An arm's length panel was selected among applicants. From a quarter to a third of each conference was made up of the "ordinary Canadians." They participated actively and constructively, and their simple presence imposed a discipline and a requirement to cooperate on the rest of us. The sessions were televised live, gavel to gavel, and drew a surprisingly large and constant audience. Those conferences were far from perfect, but they created a high degree of consensus and legitimacy.

We did something similar a year earlier, on a difficult foreign policy question. There was a wide difference of views as to the appropriate Canadian response to Tienanmen Square. Days after the event, I convened a meeting of representatives of

the principal interests, ranging from Chinese students in Canada, to Canadian investors in China. Discussing the problem together led to a consensus all could accept, and, because that process was genuinely representative, public opinion supported that consensus.

Innovations like those should become the norm. Our citizens are more informed, more educated, more activist than before and will not become docile or deferential again. Modern media provide unparalleled opportunities to draw upon their interest, their knowledge, their better instincts. If that is not done, the frustration with outmoded institutions will lead to more arid instruments of protest, more thinking locally while we try to act globally.

Photo-Op Foreign Policy

HENRY KISSINGER SECRETARY OF STATE FROM 1973-1977, HENRY KISSINGER'S MOST RECENT BOOK IS *Diplomacy*, (SIMON AND SCHUSTER, 1994.)

HIS FOLLOWING REMARKS ON THE MEDIA, THE CONCEPT AND DIPLOMACY ARE ADAPTED FROM AN INTERVIEW BY TONY DAY AND DOYLE MCMANUS OF THE *Los Angeles Times*.

NEW YORK—President Bill Clinton is an example of the contemporary style of leadership, which is quite distinct from historical precedents. The modern leader is shaped far more by television and the visual image than he is by the written word, that is, by images rather than by concepts.

He is thus more emotional in his response to stimuli and less willing to stick to something over an extended period of time. Today that affects

foreign policy above all, where a new notion of what kind of new world order is essential. This notion is one that might take five years to emerge and which must be sustained in the face of being sniped at every day.

Our current political process closes its books almost every evening with *Nightline*. And if you are in high office you are necessarily concerned about your public image.

From this point of view, I don't think that President Clinton has yet shown strong long-term leadership, [despite the fact] that he has an extraordinary intelligence and fought with great courage and skill on an issue like NAFTA and made the right decision on extending trade privileges with China.

The media problem is compounded by the fact that American foreign policy has historically been based on the notion, held dearly by Americans, that America has a unique role in the world—and every president has adhered to this theme. In the

context, students have all such affinities.

On the other hand, what really matters is combining

what seems to be the general trend in politics in terms of genuine popular support.

How can a government that applies itself to the task of developing a free, democratic, and modernizing America have the expansionist spirit not actually present?

America's vitals must be maintained in a way that is free from foreign adherence.

In the United States, the American control of foreign affairs has been less effective.

While the

42

NPO

SUMMER 1994

context of that symbiotic relationship which presi-
dents have with their publics through the media,
they all have realized that their publics need some
such affirmation.

On the other hand, it is necessary to analyze
what reality is imposing on us independent of our
values. The query is, can the two approaches be
combined? That has not yet been done.

What is that reality? There are two main prob-
lems in the world today. First, the traditional prob-
lems of equilibrium among nations and second,
genuinely global problems—nuclear proliferation,
the population explosion, technological develop-
ment—which have nothing to do with equilibrium.

How might America apply the concept of equi-
librium in the post-modern world? In order to
apply the concept of the balance of power, you have
to know what your vital interests are. What is it you
will defend no matter how it is challenged?
America has never faced that issue before. It did
have the Monroe Doctrine, which was gradually
expanded until it had attained a hegemonic charac-
ter. But that was mostly in relation to conjectural,
not actual, threats.

America has never had a concrete definition of
the vital interest in the way Britain did when it
maintained that the Low Countries must never be
occupied by a major Continental power, or in the
way France did when it was still dominant and
adhered to the rule that Central Europe must not
be controlled by a single power.

In this same way on a global scale, it is a vital
American interest to see to it that Eurasia not be
controlled by a single power center. In essence, we
have fought two wars over this issue.

With respect to modern Europe, I think we
have learned to live with a United Europe, though

probably because we don't think it can be more
powerful than we are. If all the countries of Asia
formed a single group, it would pose a serious long-
term problem for America.

Therefore, in Asia—in the interplay of Japan,
Russia, China, Korea and Southeast Asia—we are
in a position of having to play a role very similar to
that of Britain in the 19th century vis-á-vis Europe.
The trouble is that we have no theory or experience
for such a role. The diplomacy sketched here would
require us to be closer to each of the participants
than they are to each other, which is why we should
be reluctant to break with China.

Particularly in the media age when digressive
agendas are thrust upon you daily, such concepts
must be thoroughly thrashed out at the presiden-
tial level.

I used to spend hours with President Nixon, not
on tactics, which really didn't interest Nixon, but on
where we were trying to go. Ford was less conceptual
but we still spent a minimum of half an hour every
day whenever we were both in town, on the theory
that it could not be that the president and the
secretary of state had nothing to talk about. Usually
it was longer than a half-hour. And when we didn't
have current problems, we picked an issue, the Near
East for example, and talked about it. I think that it
is definitely a big mistake [for President Clinton] not
to have that kind of dialogue.

The way you get outstanding policy is to think
about your basic concept so that when something
important comes along you don't have to discuss
the goal and can focus on the tactics. But if every-
thing has to be analyzed from scratch as the dead-
line approaches, it is human nature that we prepare
for the photo opportunity.

Our current
political process
closes its book
almost every
evening with
Nightline.

SUMMER 1994

43

Kathy

HAK:

Jay Schulberg has the impression (from
what you told two of his associates at
the Hebrew Home dinner) that you have
agreed to do the NY Times ad.

The new storyboard is attached. He'll
film in the office and it will take 30
minutes. If you have in fact agreed to
do it, he'd like to do it as close to
Oct. 13 as possible.

Will do it; suggest date & time

Won't do it

ssm

Bozell

OCT 03 RECD

Bozell Worldwide, Inc.
Advertising
40 West 23rd Street
New York, New York 10010-5201
212-727-5053

Jay Schulberg
Vice Chairman
Chief Creative Officer

October 3, 1994

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Kissinger Associates
350 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10022-6022

Dear Henry:

Welcome home. I hope you had a great trip.

Filming you reminds me of filming Reagan. Except Reagan was easier!

The following has been done to make things easier for you. I have made arrangements to film you in your office. Therefore, no public setting nor need to be chauffered to and from a location or studio. It will only take about a half hour of your time, although our crew will need additional time beforehand to set up. I will work out the details with Ms. McFarlane.

Enclosed is a storyboard with a very funny line which I think captures your sense of humor.

Punch is looking forward to your participation.

With best wishes,

JS:df
Enclosure

PRINCIPAL CITIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
A subsidiary of Bozell, Jacobs, Kenyon & Eckhardt, Inc.

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
*A private university in the public service*

5 WASHINGTON SQUARE NORTH, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003-6667

Telephone: (212) 998-8000
Facsimile: (212) 995-4010

Vice Chancellor
Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Science

JUL 2 1 1994

July 19, 1994

Mr. Henry Kissinger
Kissinger Associates
26th Floor
350 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10022

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

It was extremely kind of you to spend so much time with
me last week.

I very much hope that it will be possible to go ahead
with your hope of teaching in our Freshman Seminar Program,
which seems the most appropriate place for us to use any time
you are willing to give the University. You will see from the
enclosed brochure and typed handout that these seminars
include twelve to sixteen people, and that there is no
restriction on the subject matter except that it should be of
interest to the instructor.

The meeting times for the seminars vary, but I think the
irreducible minimum is that they should gather once a week,
starting at the end of January and finishing at the very
beginning of May.

I was delighted that you chose, in view of your February
commitments in Mexico and other work pressures, to explore the
possibility of teaching jointly with a colleague, rather than
ruling out the idea of coming here. If you could interest
your colleague Peter Redmond from Hopkins -- I hope I have the
name correct -- it seems to me that it would be a perfectly
reasonable model to have you start the class off at the
beginning of term, leave it in his hands while you work in
Mexico, and then spend February, March and April sharing
duties with him in whatever way is suited to your schedule.

It is generous of you to agree to do something like this
for what amounts, in view of the normal amount you are paid,
to a nominal fee. We would expect to give both you and your

Mr. Henry Kissinger

July 19, 1994

Page two

colleague the title of Adjunct Professor, and to make payments
of $10,000 to each of you for the term.

I recognize that this idea will be imperiled if Redmond -
- again I hope I have his name correct -- is not able to be
helpful to you, but in that event I hope you will give some
thought to the question of whether anyone else might do the
same work in his place. In any case, I very much look forward
to hearing about the outcome. I will take the liberty of
calling your office in the middle of September in order to
find out.

It was a great pleasure to meet you last week. I have
admired your work for many years, and I was not one bit
disappointed by meeting you, which is not always the case in
such circumstances.

It would be very exciting indeed for us if you are able
to teach here next spring, and I do think that you would find
it an interesting experience. I very much hope it works out,
as does my President, Jay Oliva.

Enclosures

cc: L. Jay Oliva

CDR/bp

MAR 29 1994

New York Yankees

GEORGE M. STEINBRENNER III

YANKEE STADIUM
BRONX, NEW YORK 10451
(718) 293-4300

March 21, 1994

Dr. Henry Kissinger
350 Park Avenue
26th Floor
New York, NY 10022

Dear Henry:

Please join us for the 1994 New York Yankees Opening Day Game and Buffet Lunch at Yankee Stadium on Monday, April 4, 1994. Lunch will be served in the Owners' Suite from 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. and our opening game with the Texas Rangers will follow at 1:00 p.m.

Seating in the Owners' Suite is very limited. Consequently, we must limit this invitation to only you and your spouse or a guest. Please R.S.V.P. to Dick Kraft's secretary, Mayra Oliveras, at (718) 579-4503, no later than Thursday, March 31, 1994.

We all look forward to seeing you on Opening Day.

George M. Steinbrenner, III

Joseph A. Molloy

mo

04/18/94 09:26

UNIVERSAL

003

THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON

March 25, 1994

Dear National Science Scholar:

It gives me great pleasure to inform you that you have been selected as a National Science Scholar and will receive a scholarship under the National Science Scholars Program for the 1994-95 academic year. You have been chosen for this honor because of your outstanding accomplishments at the secondary level and because of your demonstrated motivation to complete a postsecondary education of high academic achievement in a scientific discipline.

The National Science Scholars Program recognizes excellence and proficiency in mathematics, in engineering, and in the physical, life, and computer sciences by providing scholarships to meritorious high school graduates or General Education Development (GED) certificate recipients, enabling them to continue their studies at the postsecondary level. This program is one way that we at the federal level can help America reach the National Education Goals to make U.S. students first in the world in science and mathematics achievement by the year 2000.

Within a few days, you will receive a letter from the Department of Education providing you with more detailed information regarding your selection as a National Science Scholar.

Congratulations, and best wishes for a successful and rewarding future.

JAMES G. NIVEN
667 MADISON AVENUE
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10021

TELEPHONE: 212-371-1400

FACSIMILE: 212-593-0188

MAY 17 1994

May 12, 1994

Dr. Henry Kissinger
435 East 52nd Street
New York, NY 10022

Dear Henry:

I just wanted to tell you how deeply moved I was by your eulogy for Richard Nixon. It is precisely moments like this that encourages one to think back to those days of the late 60's and early 70's when so much was accomplished for the good of this country. The ending of the war in Viet Nam and the opening up of relationships with China, to name but two issues of many, contributed greatly to the peace and stability of this world we live in.

I, for one, do not believe that these things would have been accomplished without your involvement, guidance, and leadership and I wanted to take this moment to thank you for accomplishing so much.

JGN:cc