APR-26-1996 09:24

KISSINGER ASSOC.

212 759 0042

P.01/01

1001, New Delhi House, 27 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 110 001, India

Tel # 91-11-3329039, 3329047-42 : Fax # 91-11-3329049

FACSIMILE

To : Hon'ble Dr Henry Kissinger
Kissinger Associates Inc
New York

Fax : 1-212-759 0042

No. of Pages : 1 (only this page)

Fm : K K Jajodia

Date : 21st April 1996

Dear Henry,

This is further to my fax of 18th April 1996.

I am pleased to inform you that Junior, Mr Aditya K Jajodia is planning to get to Stockholm for the International Councillor's Meeting on Sunday, 5th May 1996. He will be accompanied by our Senior Corporate Business Advisor, Mr Jahar Sengupta. I shall be grateful if you will kindly spare sometime to meet him independent of the Councillor's Meeting and he would very much like to introduce Mr Jahar Sengupta to you. I am not aware of your ETA in Stockholm and perhaps you will arrive in Stockholm on Sunday, 5th May. He will be delighted to see you, either on Sunday or on Monday, 6th-May as per your kind convenience. Mr Sengupta is required to leave Stockholm around 10 o'clock in the morning on Tuesday 7th May, thus anytime from 5th till the morning hours of 7th would do. Junior is undoubtedly looking forward to meeting you and is delighted to participate in the entire agenda of the Councillor's meeting.

Once again, I extend my warm regards to you and I am sure that the Councillor's Meeting will indeed be fruitful and beneficial for all the participants.

With kind personal regards,

KK

K K Jajodia

APR-26-1996 07:50

91 11 3329049

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TOTAL P.01

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212 759 0042

04-26-96 09:28AM P001 #40

DUNCAN MACNEILL GROUP

Tel # 91-11-3329039, 3329041-42 : Fax # 91-11-3329049

FACSIMILE

For : Dr Henry Kissinger
Kissinger Associates Inc
Washington DC

From : K K Jajodia

Fax No.: 1-212-753 7248

APR 18 1996

Date : 18th April 1996

No of Pages : 2 (including this page)

Original Sent By Fax - Copy By Post

Strictly Private and Confidential

Dear Henry :

Somehow we have not been in touch with each other for quite awhile, which is entirely attributable to me because I could not attend the last Councillor's Meeting at Washington due to my unfortunate illness and therefore also missed the breakfast meeting with you at New York.

Since now a few months, I have had some setbacks in terms of my health and which has made me to abstain from my day-to-day occupations and has come in my way of travels. I have been asked to take complete rest and recoup fully before I do any travelling and get gradually inducted into business activities, with definite doctor's opinion with much less active role. This is the main reason why I cannot attend the Stockholm International Councillors' Meeting in May this year but will be well-represented by Junior, Mr A K Jajodia, whom you have met during your last two visits to India. He is the Managing Director of The Assam Company Limited, which is the flagship company of the Duncan Macneill Group.

I have also particularly requested him to the opportunity to speak to you privately, in regard to our business interests and our relationship with M/s Kissinger Associates Inc. It has been an honour and privilege to have this relationship, which no doubt, can be immensely beneficial to both the organisations.

Ever since the relationship has started, somehow for one reason or another, and also lately due to my not keeping well, I have not been able to interact and pursue matters of mutual interest during the term. As the relationship will complete one year at the end of May 1996, I have requested Junior to speak with you on this matter as to how to make this relationship beneficial and workable. One kind suggestion that comes in my mind is to provide a grace period of, say, six months, before the next yearly term starts as this might help in developing a more beneficial relationship, which unfortunately my Group could not tap for reasons explained above. Junior will have a chat with you and I am sure that, belonging to as he does to our next generation, he will have your kind and affectionate support and blessings and specific guidance that he may seek from you on some matters. No doubt it will be a pleasure for him to meet you once again and move on with his business plans and projects with your valuable guidance and support and he values our friendship with high esteem.

I convey my best greetings to David and Alan and if everything goes well, in almost eight weeks I should be fit to resume my activities gradually, albeit at a reduced pace.

96 20:40 TO 0012027753199

FROM ASSAM CO

T-038 P.02

I look forward to meeting you personally and am grateful for receiving the news clippings on the contributions that you are making all the time, relating to the international scenario and undoubtedly in the dynamic world that we belong to, such objective analysis with different perceptions make us to understand its implications ahead of the possible occurrences. The world is uniquely blessed with a mature and eminent statesman like you and we need many elderly statesmen to take an overview all the time, around the world.

Personal regards to you and to your charming lady,

K K Jajodia

Kim E. Johansen

2632 Bush Street San Francisco, California 94115 (415) 776-5903

May 6, 1996

Henry A. Kissinger
1800 K Street N.W., Suite 1021
Washington, D.C. 20006-2202

MAY 07 1996

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

I hope you remember me from the Bohemian Grove Hospital. I have been in charge of the medical care at the Grove for the last 16 years and I am the one who always forces you to have your blood pressure checked while you are making a few calls on our telephone.

I have an important favor to ask. I travel frequently to China and the Philippines where I am helping them to improve their emergency medical system. In the course of my travels, I met a great Filipina lady who I married last year (April 24, 1995) on the Great Wall of China.

Since that time, my wife has been waiting in the Philippines for her spouse visa to be processed. The problem is it is very unusual for a U.S. citizen to marry a Filipina in China. We have met all legal requirements and all paperwork has been properly submitted, but her application just seems to be sitting in limbo waiting for some unknown reason.

I am told that a gentle nudge from a few key people might help speed-up the process. If you could possibly write a short letter with a few kind words, I would be indebted to you for life, or at least for a minimum, it will be good for free telephone and or fax service at the Grove Hospital whenever needed.

I have taken the liberty of attaching the necessary information needed for correspondence with the American Embassy in Manila and I have included a prepaid international express mail envelop.

Thanks for taking time out of your busy schedule to consider this matter and I hope to see you at the Grove in July !

Kim E. Johansen

July 9, 1996

JUL 12 1996

Henry A. Kissinger
1800 K Street, N.W., Suite 1021
Washington, D.C. 20006

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

Thank you very much for your letter to the U.S. Consul General in Manila regarding my wife's visa application. I appreciate you taking time out of your busy schedule to do this favor for my wife and I.

I just received word that her papers have been accepted and she is scheduled for her interview on Monday July 22. I am sure your kind words were a big influence on making this happen.

As a result of this, I will only be at the Bohemian Grove during the first week of the summer encampment. I hope to see you there so I can personally thank you. If not, the rest of the hospital staff is aware of your assistance and will do anything to return the favor for me.

Best wishes and good health to you over the rest of the year, and once again, thank you very much !!

EMBASSY OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
MANILA, PHILIPPINES

July 3, 1996

Mr. Henry Kissinger
Suite 1021
1800 K. Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006

JUL 12 1996

Dear Sir:

This is in response to your letter of June 20, 1996, received on June 27, 1996, concerning the immigrant visa case of Mrs. Elisa Javier Johansen. Her husband, Mr. Kim E. Johansen, has requested your assistance.

On April 23, 1996, Mrs. Johansen was interviewed by a consular officer. Her application was denied under Section 221(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) as amended. This Section of law prohibits the issuance of a visa to anyone whose application does not comply with provisions of the INA or regulations issued pursuant thereto.

During the visa interview, a question arose about the possibility of a prior marriage. To determine whether Mrs. Johansen had a prior intermingulated marriage, we have initiated a document search with the local civil authorities. On June 25, 1996, we sent a call-in letter to Mrs. Johansen to return to the Embassy for another interview with a consular officer. If it is determined that she has no prior undissolved marriage, a visa will be issued the following day.

I hope the above information will be helpful in responding to Mr. Johansen. Please let me know if I can provide further assistance.

# Henry Kissinger

## Kissinger's Background

### The Kissingers (Father's side)

Kissinger's great-great grandfather was born in Kleinbstadt, Germany in 1767. His name was Meyer. In 1817, at the age of 50, Meyer moved to a small town called Rodelsee. In Rodelsee, Meyer took on the name of Kissinger after a town called BadKissing. His first son was born the next year, 1818. He was given the name of Abraham. Abraham was the only child out of ten who survived birth.

Abraham grew up in Rodelsee. Later, he married and had eight children- four sons, by the names of Joseph, Mair, Simon and David and four daughters, all of whom became teachers. They were a pious, middle class strictly orthodox Jewish family.

David, the youngest of the four sons, was born in Rodelsee in 1860. He grew up and moved to Emershausen, a neighboring town. David soon founded a Jewish seminary in Würzburg. A few years later, David married a woman named Linchen.

David and Linchen's first child was born in 1887. He was named Louis and he was followed by six other children. Louis was the only one who went on to become a teacher. He studied at Heidelberg University and then graduated from a teacher's academy in the town of Nuremberg. It was at this academy that he met Paula Stern.

### The Sterns (Mother's side)

Paula Stern's great-grandfather founded a small, yet profitable business in cattle trade, in the early 1800's. The business was later built up by her grandfather, Bernhardt and Paula's father, Falk. Falk Stern lived in Leutenshausen about 30 miles east of

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Nuremberg. He was highly respected in the town and owned a house in the middle of the town square. He was not very interested in politics or educational papers. His first wife, Beppi Behr, who was also from a cattle trading family, died after she had their first child, Paula in 1901. Falk remarried but never had any more children. (Isaacson 22) Paula was sent to school in Furth where she met Louis Kissinger. They were married in 1922.

Paula was 21, and Louis was 35. They lived in a Jewish neighborhood in Furth, in a nice 5-room second floor apartment. (Isaacson 23)

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Heinz Alfred Kissinger

On May 27, 1923 Heinz Alfred Kissinger was born. At this time the Jewish
population in Furth was growing smaller. Jews were beginning to be treated as
foreigners rather than friendly neighbors. (Isaacson 25)

As a child, Heinz loved to go watch soccer games, and even though the local
stadium did not allow Jews, he and his year younger brother Walter managed to get in
one or two times. Heinz himself was not that athletic, instead he preferred to read. His
grades in school were fantastic and Louis wanted both his sons to attend the state High
School. Heinz did not get accepted because of his religion and instead attended the
Israelitisch Realschule, a school that was the same academically as the local school, but
did not have as much prestige. (Isaacson 31)

After graduating, Kissinger went on to study at the Jewish Seminary his
grandfather had founded. At this point in time, the Nazi Youth, a group of anti-Semitic
adolescents, began to grow. Signs popped up everywhere, usually reading something
along the lines of "Juden Verboten" (Jews forbidden). The anti-Semitic feeling grew
beyond these youths. Louis was soon fired from his job and was forced to teach at a
strictly Jewish school.

As a father, Louis lacked the patience to deal with children's problems, although
he was a kind father. Paula was the one the boys went to with any problems. She was
kind, caring and had all the patience in the world, along with a great sense of what was
going on around her. Perhaps it was this sense which began to tell her that because they

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## Henry Kissinger

were Jews, Germany soon might not want them. Paula realized the power that Hitler had. She quickly wrote to a distant cousin who had recently immigrated to Washington Heights asking if they could come and join him. His response was affirmative. On August 20, 1938 they sailed from Germany, headed for the United States of America. Henry was 15, Walter was 14, Louis was 50 and Paula was 37. No one knows what would have happened if they had stayed. At least 13 close relatives of the Kissingers were either killed in a gas chamber or were tortured to death.

## America

Three months later, the Kissinger's moved into a "moderate, yet comfortable 3-story apt. in a 6-story brick building at fort Washington Ave. and 187th St."¹

In September of 1938, Kissinger enrolled at the local school, George Washington High. He and the rest of the family were adjusting well to the new country. Of the four, it was Louis who was having the most trouble. Perhaps due to his old age and a continuing gall-bladder infection, he found it hard to find a job. It was only in 1940 that he found a job as an underpaid bookkeeper. Paula, on the other hand, was luckier. She worked in various menial jobs until she went into a business of her own, catering. In this field she became quite successful.

Henry did well in school. He had a 90 average in most of his subjects, with the exception of an 85 in "Industries and Trade" class. As he made his way through high school, Kissinger began to develop a taste for politics. He declared himself a firm

¹Quote from *Kissinger: A Biography*, page 33.

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# Henry Kissinger

Republican and would spend late nights arguing with his father's friends, mostly
"stubborn" Democrats. (Isaacson 36)

## Kissinger in the Army

Kissinger was determined to succeed in the new country. A friend of his father's describes him as being:

> Eager to blend into society, more than other immigrants who tended to identify with their ethnic heritage rather than change into American styles. Henry was adept at picking up the culture.²

One year passed before Kissinger decided to take night classes at George Washington High. He acquired a job at Leopold Asher Brush company, owned by cousins of Paula. Soon Kissinger graduated from George Washington and applied to the City College. Kissinger did well. He had a straight A average in every class, except history. He wanted to become an accountant. Yet with all his ambitions, Kissinger was searching for something. When he was asked to join the draft during February of 1943, he regarded it as the change he was awaiting. (Isaacson 41)

The Army offered a special course to anyone who wanted to take a special aptitude test. Kissinger scored high and at the government's expense, he was sent to Lafayette College in Easton Pennsylvania to study engineering.

At Lafayette, Kissinger's attitude toward his books and studies was very serious.

Charles Coyler, Kissinger's roommate describes Henry's attitude as the following:

²Quote from *Kissinger: A Biography*, page 37

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He didn't read books, he ate them with his eyes, his fingers, his squirming in the chair, and with his mumbling criticism. He'd be slouching over a book and suddenly explode with an indignant, German accented four letter word blasting the authors reasoning.³

Kissinger's grades were all A average and he had a steady 100 in Chemistry.

The European Invasion in April of 1944 closed down the engineering school.
Kissinger did not want to fight in combat, so he applied to study as a medical doctor. He
was among the 25 finalists. Again he was sent off to Lafayette, this time to medical
school. However, Kissinger did not make the final five finalists and he was sent to
training camp in Louisiana to join the 84th Infantry division.

Kissinger trained throughout the summer of 1944. It was a typically hot Southern
day when a certain Private Kreamer came to talk to Henry's division about the war.
Kissinger liked Kreamer's speech so much that on the next day, Kissinger wrote to him.
Kreamer has been referred to on numerous occasions as "the man who discovered
Henry." After talking to Kissinger, Kramer temporarily moved him out of the force and
employed him as a translator. (Isaacson 46)

It was in September of 1944 when the 84th Infamtry division set off towards
Europe. Kissinger (who's serial no. was 32816775) reluctantly sailed away from pier
number five in Manhattan, on the *U.S.S. Sterling Castle*. But, thanks to Kraemer, he was
asked to work as a German speaking translator for a U.S. general. (Isaacson 47)

³Quote from *Kissinger: A Biography*, page 41

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Soon, he was transferred as a driver for the C.I. Corps. He soon was made a sergeant and then given a Star of Honor for picking up more than 100 members of the Gestapo.

The long war finally ended in May of 1945 just a few days short of Kissinger's 22 birthday. After the war, Kissinger decided to go back to his childhood towns to see what remained of them. In a letter to his family, he describes what he saw and felt; a feeling he would carry with him during his life.

We drove very slowly, past the ghosts of all the who lived and died in the hatred of the of the years. I thought of the little boy who had played football in the yard and the old man who used to stand and watch him. All those years came back and for a moment time stood still.

If we could go back over the hatred and the intolerance, I would find that it had been a long hard road. It had been covered with humiliation, with disappointment. Thirteen years is a long time to go back to. I thought of all the walks in the woods and what was and what might have been. I looked at Nuremburg. I thought of my old teacher's words: You'll come back to your birth place someday and you won't find a stone unturned. A shattered sign lay in the road. Nuremburg 7 km, Furth 6km, it said.

Those who live by the sword will parish by the sword. There overlooking Nuremburg, I said farewell to my youth.⁴

Kissinger's Harvard Years

⁴ Quoted from *Kissinger: A Biography*, pages 50 and 51.

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## Henry Kissinger

In many ways, Kissinger came out of the Army stronger. When he returned to America in July of 1947, at the age of 24, Kissinger was more self confident and tougher. Kraemer immediately advised him to go to a college such as Harvard. Kissinger applied, stating his interests as music and contemporary literature. He also applied to Columbia and Princeton, but decided to go to Harvard mainly because it was the only college which would allow him to enter so late.

In the fall of 1947, Henry Kissinger joined the class of 1950 as a sophomore. He was not very social and did not participate in many sport or club activities. He soon decided to choose government as his major.

## Anneliese Fleicher

Kissinger met his American girlfriend at ballroom dance classes. Seeing that neither had a special taste for dance, he and Annaliese quickly became friends.

Annaliese was also a refugee from Nuremberg, Germany. She lived on Ellwood Street on the northern edge of Washington Heights. Her dark hair gave her a nice complexion and she seemed to blend in with the art, music and literature she loved so much. Annaliese had one sister, a mother who worked as a cook, and a father who was left partially paralyzed by a stroke and carried deep psychological wounds of Nazi horrors. (Isaacson 68)

## Kissinger's final Harvard years

During Kissinger's second year at Harvard he finally married Annaliese Fliecher. The service was held on February 6, 1949, when Kissinger was 25 and Annaliese was 23. Kissinger and Annaliese lived about a 1/2 hour away from Harvard. Mrs.Kissinger

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## Henry Kissinger

worked as an accountant at a nearby furniture store. Here she received minimal pay, making life hard for both of them. This prompted Kissinger in 1950, to ask Harvard for financial aid. They eagerly granted it to him.

It was Kissinger's senior thesis which caught everyone's attention. It was no less than 383 pages. In it he brought together many great philosophers and writers and produced a clear concise analyses of their works which amazed all. Kissinger was not only able to point out their faults but his style and perception gave the paper a deep perspective. His thesis and grades were able to graduate him summa cum laude.

## The Harvard International seminar

In 1951 one of Kissinger's professors helped him form the Harvard International Seminar. The seminar was created for students in their early thirties. Kissinger would invite speakers such as Eleanor Roosevelt, Poet John Crowe and labor leader Walter Reuther. The speakers would discuss politics and humanitarism. The program was culturally based in a social way, not only giving such diverse students a time to share their cultures but also, opening them to the classic American traditions such as Baseball and a variety of films. A total of 600 hundred students participated in the seminar before it ended in 1969. Many of the students went on to be politicians and high powered business executives. Some played a big role in Kissinger's later career. A professor once commented, "Henry collected a repertoire of people. I don't think it was altruism. He had an instinct for inviting who could later turn out to be his host."⁵ The seminar

⁵ Quoted from *Kissinger: A Biography*, page 71.

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## Henry Kissinger

enabled to meet a variety of politicians and is considered the basis for Kissinger's entry into International Diplomacy. (Isaacson 69)

## Professor Kissinger

During his time at Harvard as a professor, Kissinger published a few articles, mainly on foreign policy.

At an assembly in Washington, where Kissinger had been asked to discuss national security, he met Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, who at this time was working as an advisor to president Eisenhower. Kissinger and Rockefeller soon established a firm relationship.

In March of 1958, at the age of 32, Kissinger received his tenure at Harvard. And exactly a year later, Kissinger's and Annaliese's first child, Elizabeth was born, followed by her brother David in 1961.

Soon Kissinger became more and more active in the political world. Still a professor, he also was an advisor to Presidents Kennedy, Johnson and Mayor Rockefeller during 1961 to 1968. Yet he and Annaliese soon began to grow apart, and in 1962, they were separated. Though they talked frequently about the children, they rarely saw each other.⁶

In 1964 Kissinger helped Rockefeller run for president, under a republican nomination. At one of the fund raisers, Kissinger met Nancy Sharon Magginess, later to become his second wife. Rockefeller lost the election, but on Friday, November 29, 1968, at the age of 45, Kissinger agreed to become Nixon's national security advisor.

⁶ Later, Annaliese was re-married to a Chemistry professor at Brandeis, named Saul Cohn

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## Henry Kissinger

### Nancy Sharon Maginess

Nancy Maginess was born on April 13, 1934 in Manhattan. Her family later moved to White Plains NY, where Nancy was raised. Her father, Albert Bristol Maginess was a semi-professional football player who later became a trust and estate lawyer.

Nancy's mother was Agnes McKinnley who was very active in charity work. (Isaacson 587)

Nancy and her two brothers went to elementary school in White Plains, and then Nancy went on to high school at The Masters School in Dobbs Ferry. She graduated from Mt. Holyoke College in 1955, after she went back to Masters to teach for two years. After teaching at Masters, she went on to Berkeley to get her doctorate.

On March 30, 1973 Kissinger, at the age of fifty, and Nancy at the age of 39 were married at 4:00p.m. by Judge Francis Thomas. They went to Acapulco for their honeymoon. (Isaacson 591)

### Secretary of State

In 1973, Nixon had to choose a new Secretary of State. His first two choices were Kenneth Rush, and John Connally. In the end, Nixon ended up choosing Kissinger.

On September 21, congress confirmed Kissinger as the new Sec. of State. The votes were 78 to 7. Those who did not support Kissinger, including Jessie Helms, said "We know enough about Kissinger to know that he is capable of deceiving both congress and the public."⁷ In spite of this, Kissinger was sworn in as the 54th secretary of state on

⁷Quoted from *Kissinger: A Biography*, page 505 para.3

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September 22, 1973, on a King James version of the bible. He was the first non-
American to become Sec. Of state.

In August of 1947, President Nixon resigned. Kissinger was not connected with Watergate, but there were a few suspicions. President Ford decided to keep Kissinger as Sec. of State. Nixon gave the incoming staff this advice on Kissinger "Henry is a genius. But you don't have to except everything he recommends. He can be invaluable and he can be loyal, but you can't let him have a totally free hand." In 1976 Jimmy Carter became President. He chose a new secretary of state. (Isaacson 491)

Kissinger Today

Kissinger comfortably left the rush of Washington and relaxed in his home in
Connecticut and New York. He still lives there today, and consults different politicians
on different matters.

In 1982, Louis died at the age of 95. His mother, Paula still lives today.

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## Vietnam

Until 1945, Vietnam was a French colony. In 1946 a man by the name of Ho Chi Minh led a movement for independence. This movement was influenced by Communism, which is why the French would not allow independence. But the Vietnamese at this point would not take no for an answer, and the fighting began.

In 1955, The Geneva Treaty was signed. The treaty split Vietnam in half. The north was under Communist control and the south called for democratic elections. Mr. Minh controlled the north and a man by the name of Diem controlled the south. Though Diem started out as a democratic leader, he slowly became an authoritarian leader. The Vietnamese were quite unhappy about this fact. Soon, the Communist north moved toward the south, creating a lot of infiltration.

From 1955 to the 1960's the Secretary of State before Kissinger, John Foster Dulles, encouraged America to support Diem and the democracy in south Vietnam. Complying to Dulles' suggestion, the US sent military advisors to Vietnam, because the situation was getting a little hot. The heat continued to rise as the American involvement grew more intense.

In 1963 Diem was assassinated. This was followed by an attack by the North Vietnamese on a US Warship in the Gulf of Tonkin in 1964. This attack was followed by another attack, by North Vietnamese attack on a American base called Pliku. All this conflict built up to a high level of tension. The Americans were now angry at the Vietnamese, who are still mad at the French and now the Americans for intervening.

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In 1968, Johnson decided not to run again and Nixon became president. Nixon seeing the major conflict decided that America should stay involved for the time being.

The fighting continued, in Vietnam, until 1972, when Kissinger, who at this time was Nixon's Foreign Advisor, negotiated a peace treaty in Paris. (Isaacson 175)

A month after the treaty Kissinger was sworn in as Secretary of State. He received the Nobel Peace Prize for his Paris negotiations. Yet the situation was very tender and it was not known how peaceful the Vietnamese really were. Many Americans felt that Kissinger and Le Duc Tho, the other man who was supposed to receive the prize with Kissinger, should not receive the prize, because of the unstable situation. One man on the Prize committee resigned and Le Duc Tho did not accept the prize because he felt that peace was far from accomplished. He turned out to be right. Kissinger sent the American Ambassador to accept the prize and donated the money to charity for the Vietnam soldiers.

After the Paris peace treaty, the US. began to pull out of Vietnam. Yet, as the US was pulling out, the North Vietnamese attacked the northern part of South Vietnam, ignoring the Peace treaty. However, they were unable to take the capitol, Saigon. The United States decided that in order to help South Vietnam, it was going to bomb North Vietnamese material camps. Some of these camps were thought to be in neighboring countries, such as Cambodia and Laos. So, the US bombed those countries too. The American people were very angry, especially since the bombing continued for about a year and the Vietnamese situation was never declared as an official war by congress. (Isaacson 180)

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In 1976, the South Vietnamese surrendered. Their leader, Thieu, resigned and the North Vietnamese took over the capital city, Saigon and re-named it Ho Chi Minh City. Kissinger offered to give the Nobel Prize back, but the offer was declined.

Because the Vietnam situation was never legally classified as a war many condemned Kissinger's negotiations. I choose Kissinger's negotiations in the Vietnam war, to show that no hero is perfect. No one can assume that a human will not make any mistakes and we should be careful on how much we really think they are perfect.

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## The Middle East

In 1967, Egypt invaded Israel. Israel quickly defeated Egypt in 6 days. After the short war, Russia decided to support Egypt and the US decided to support Israel. Both the US and Russia began sending arms and military and economic aid, during the period of 6-7 years.

While Kissinger was dealing with Vietnam, the Middle East was at an anti-climax point. Kissinger wrapped up in the Vietnam negotiations did not notice the signs of the growing tension between the Middle East and Israel. On October 26, 1973, the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Egypt and Syria attacked Israel. Israel quickly pleaded for help from the US who decided to become involved. Israel with help from the U.S. successfully beat Egypt and almost destroyed the entire Egyptian Army. This prompted Russia to intervene, since they did not want to see Egypt humiliated again.

During the late 1970's Russia and the US were 'eye to eye'. Kissinger declared that rather than war between the US, Russia, Israel and Egypt, he would try and negotiate a settlement so all countries would remain at peace with one another. After about a year, Kissinger succeeded. (Isaacson 541)

During these negotiations, Kissinger flew back and forth between Egypt, Israel and Europe gaining support. This flying from one country to another became known as the "Shuttle Diplomacy". (Isaacson 590)

Kissinger's role in the Middle East is another reason why he is my hero. He promoted peace and set up one of the most ingenious methods of negotiations- The

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## Kissinger the Hero

A hero can be defined in many ways. In this case it is best to say that a hero is defined as one who is highly admired. It is because of this that when I learned of this project I immediately thought of Kissinger. The accomplishments of this one man seemed to me particularly special. He is indeed a man whom I admire highly. He is my hero.

Henry Kissinger's background is that of a simple middle class family. They had their own aspirations and diligently went about accomplishing them, a trait very clearly marked in Kissinger. For example, Meyer was determined that his son Abraham be a Jew. Abraham became one of the more pious of the Kissinger family. He, in turn, wished all his children to become teachers. They all did. David also trained Louis to become a teacher. From his mother, Kissinger inherited a strong sense of right and wrong and the willingness to move across oceans to achieve goodness. Perhaps this genetic make-up, his escape from Nazi brutality, and his experiences in the Army, caused him to pursue a career in diplomacy.

Kissinger's childhood did not prepare him well for politics, yet his loathing of war and belief in peaceful co-existence is what truly made him a Heroic Secretary of State. From his background and during his life, Kissinger gained his sympathy, his compassion and his love for life, a trait which beyond anything else is truly what makes him such a fantastic person.

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Henry Alfred Kissinger should always be remembered. To me he is on of the greatest foreign politicians ever to live. To others, he may be the worst. Yet, it is essential that we not forget that Kissinger, from nothing carved his own path out of his own dreams and ended up on top. Whether his accomplishments are great or awful, the achievements this one man made should forever be commended. Simply, Kissinger's background intrigues me, his education astonishes me and his life in politics is something I can hope to strive for. He seems to have a special air about him, the quiet yet perfect gentleman. He is the perfect hero.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

*Current Biographies, 1972*, Published by H.W. Wilson Co. N.Y. N.Y.c.

*Current Biographies, 1958*, Published by H.W. Wilson Co. N.Y. N.Y.c.

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