November 30, 1953

820 Fifth Ave.
New York, 21, N.Y.

Mr. Jay Lovestone,
Free Trade Union Committee
1700 Broadway,
New York, 19, N.Y.

Dear Mr. Lovestone:

I am enclosing a check for
fifteen hundred ($1500), which, I believe, you
will be so kind as to put at the disposal of the
Inter-American Association for Democracy and Free-
dom. I am sending it to you at the request of Miss
Frances Grant.

With many thanks for your co-
operation in this matter,

JUNE 15, 1960

AT 9:00 PM

FOR MISS FRANCES R. GRANT

UN LIST

H.E. Prof. Marcial Tamayo, Amb. of Bolivia

Sra. de Tamayo

Sr. Alberto Canedo, Counsellor

Sra. de Canedo

H.E. Sr. Daniel Schweitzer, Amb. of Chile

H.E. Dr. Alfonso Araujo, Amb. of Colombia

Sra. de Araujo

H.E. Dr. Miguel Rafael Ruquia, Amb. of El Salvador

Sra. de Urquia

H.E. Sr. Francisco Milla Bermudez, Amb. of Honduras

Sra. de Milla Bermudez

Sr. Miguel Paz Paredes,

Sra. de Paz Paredes

Sr. Agripino Flores, Consul General of Honduras

Sra. Flores

H.E. Dr. Luis Padilla Nervo, Amb. of Mexico

Sra. de Padilla Nervo

H.E. Dr. Jorge E. Illueca, Amb. of Panama

Sra. de Illueca

H.E. Professor Enrique Rodriguez Fabregat, Amb. of Uruguay

Sra. de Rodriguez Fabrigat

H.E. Dr. Carlos Sosa-Rodriguez, Amb. of Venezuela

Sra. de Sosa

H.E. Francisco Alfonzo-Ravard, Amb. of Venezuela

H.E. Dr. Pedro Zuloaga, Amb. of Venezuela

Sra. de Zuloaga

Sr. Ugo Arcino, Consul General of Venezuela

Sra. de Arcino

WASHINGTON

H.E. Dr. Marcos Falcon Briceno, Amb. of Venezuela

Sra. de Falcon Briceno

Dr. Raul Nast (Venezuelan Embassy)

H.E. Dr. Victor Andrade, Amb. of Bolivia

Sra. de Andrade

GREETINGS TO THE NEW IBERICA

The most critical moment in the fight for the freedom of a captive people under dictatorship is when other democratic governments begin to accept the dictatorship as inevitable. A curtain of respectability is permitted to fall before the totalitarian mise-en-scene; the suborned people are left alone in their bitter chagrin; and the diplomatic colony --long bored with having to forego cocktails and dinner-parties in the governmental palace -- rushes in to embrace the erstwhile enemy of freedom and enjoy his canape and champagne.

That is the very moment, above all, when the democratic leaders must fortify themselves to intensify the fight, without losing heart. They must not only continue to nourish their own fires but reanimate the hope of the hopeless peoples still languishing under the dictatorship.

In the Cause for free Spain, this is a critical hour--yet another hour when those who have fought the long fight, must fight still further; when they must rededicate themselves to the noblest of all causes: freedom of the human spirit.

That is why the Inter-American Association for Democracy and Freedom and its organ, HEMSPHERICA are especially happy to see the organizing of an independent committee for Iberica, so that it may carry on a more intensive fight for the Spanish Cause.

It has been a privilege for the Inter-American Association for Democracy and Freedom to harbor Iberica for the last year. Now the time demands a new committee for Spanish Democracy and Freedom--Iberica--to assume its larger scope, continuing in cooperation with our work. To a great extent, the fight for freedom in Latin America and the fight for freedom in Spain are variations of one great struggle -- the unfinished war for liberty in which the common enemy is political Mediaevalism. In all

-2-

the Spanish-speaking world, the disease of political mediaevalism is endemic and must be thrown off again and again in a continuous and persistent struggle along the two fronts: Spain and Latin America.

In this new effort Iberica will continue, in intensive fashion, its dedicated purpose of exposing the Spanish truth -- just as its elder brother, Hemisferica, will continue its labors of exposing the Latin American truth. As we would see the Americas free, so we would see Spain free. And in this common fight, -- which must be won for all or none -- we felicitate Iberica and its new committee and wish its success in its self-imposed and selfless task.

FRANCES R. GRANT

INTER-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
FOR DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM

July 28, 1960

Office, Secretary General
R. 306, 45 West 45th Street
New York 36, N.Y., U.S.A.
Telephone: PLaza 7-5290
Cable: Intradeli, New York

Office, Asst. Secretary
Apartado de Correo, 8064,
Caracas, Venezuela.
Cable: Condeli, Caracas

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Romulo Betancourt
Jose Figueres
Eduardo Santos
Ex-Oficio, Life Members

Romulo Gallegos
President

Carlos Lleras Restrepo
Vice President

Frances R. Grant
Secretary General

Cesar Rondon Levera
Asst. Secretary

Gonzalo Garcia-Bustillos
Hens Silva Torres
Auxiliary Secretaries

MEMBERS

Roger Baldwin
Luis Bossay L.
Alberto Cañas
Eduardo Frei
Juan Guichon
Americo Ghioldi
Franco Montoro
Javier Ortiz de Zevallos
Ramiro Priale
Vicente Saenz
Aureliano Sanchez-Arango

ALTERNATES

Gonzalo Barrios
Diogenes de la Rosa
Gonzalo Facio
Virginia de Izaguirre
Roberto Martinez Ordoñez
Manuel Ordoñez
Miguel Otero Silva

Dear Louise,

Thank you so much for consenting to take our phones during my absence or rather consenting to be "Secretaria general interina ". I do not know whether there will be very many calls -- but who knows, which of our colleagues may suddenly appear from Latin America!

The telephone company is already notified to transfer all our calls to you; so I have arranged to have Mr. Cohoes come in a few hours each morning to pick up the mail and acknowledge any routine letters. If he needs council he will call you. If the letters from Latin America are not pressing, he will mail them out to me. Also, if friends come from Latin America, he will direct them to you. I have also put a sign on our door, asking them to call your office. I hope this is not too much of a burden. Actually, I do not expect too much activity in August.

If any question arises on which you think we ought to take a stand, I have absolute faith in your judgement. You can always talk things over with Norman or Roger, or any other of our U.S. Committee with whom you care to. I enclose all their addresses.

Any personal calls can be directed to Hylda; her phone is Trafalgar 7-6136. Her address is 88 Central Park West. I also give you the address and telephone of Mr. Fernando Arguello, 240 West 98th Street; home phone Un. 5-6954, bus. C1.6-5600. He is a Nicaraguan, who will be glad to help out, if anyone from L.A. comes who needs to be directed around town, etc. Also Juan Diaz, whose telephone is 10.8-0891; who is also glad to help out on matters, if you need them. They are always cooperative. Father Talavera will probably call you next week. My address in Santa Fe is P.O.Box 1320, Santa Fe; My telephone is Yu.3-8706 (My borhter's phone).

I have written to our colleagues in Costa Rica (Gonzalo Facio) to press the ministers of Foreign Affairs, on behalf of the IADF, to take severe action against Trujillo. That meeting bears watching--beginning August 15th.

Since we are within phone and mail-reach, we can always communicate with each other. Hylda I am sure will help out in any matters, if you call her.

Many thanks for everything.

Incidentally, Robert Delson's office is going ahead on the incorporation of the Inter-American Study Center. I have suggested your name as one of the incorporators, and he may call you. We only need five.

NOT SENT

August 5, 1960

Secretary of State Christian A. Herter
United States Department of State
Washington, D.C.

Dear Mr. Herter:

The United States Committee of the Inter-American Association for
Democracy and Freedom respectfully urges that the Department of
State and Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge study ways and means by
which Generalissimo Rafael Trujillo of the Dominican Republic may
be declared persona non grata in this country and be refused ad-
mission to act as Head of the Dominican Delegation in the forth-
coming General Assembly of the United Nations.

If this infringes upon the perpective of the U. N. the Ambassador should be confined to a small area to be worked on directly by the Government of Venezuela.

We urge that in any case Generalissimo Trujillo's admission to this country be postponed until charges lodged by the Venezuelan Government in the Organization of American States that Generalissimo Trujillo is personally responsible for the recent attempted assassination of President Romulo Betancourt of Venezuela be cleared up.

In our opinion the appointment of dictator Trujillo is merely a
ruse by which he and his family can gain admission to this country
and can subsequently demand political asylum, thereby becoming a
tremendous political liability for the United States.

Louise Crane, Acting Secretary General
Inter-American Association for Democracy
and Freedom

**Office, Secretary General**
R. 306, 45 West 45th Street
New York 36, N.Y., U.S.A.
Telephone: PLaza 7-5290
Cable: Intradeli, New York

June 22, 1960

**Office, Asst. Secretary**
Apartado de Correo, 8064,
Caracas, Venezuela.
Cable: Condeli, Caracas

Miss Louise Crane
112 East 19th Street
New York, N. Y.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Romulo Betancourt

Jose Figueres

Romulo Gallegos
President

Cesar Rondon Lovera
Asst. Secretary

Gonzalo Garcia-Bustillos

Hens Silva Torres

Auxiliary Secretaries

MEMBERS

Roger Baldwin

Luis Bossay L.

Alberto Cañas

Eduardo Frei

Juan Guichon

Americo Ghioldi

Franco Montoro

Javier Ortiz de Zevallos

Ramiro Priale

Vicente Saenz

Aureliano Sanchez-Arango

ALTERNATES

Gonzalo Barrios

Diogenes de la Rosa

Gonzalo Facio

Virginia de Izaguirre

Roberto Martinez Ordoñez

Manuel Ordoñez

Miguel Otero Silva

Dear Louise:

This is a prospectus of the publishing house of which I spoke. The list of shareholders is quite remarkable and represents some of our closest friends in Caracas.

Dr. Oropesa who heads the publishing house is one of the most distinguished leaders in Venezuela and one of our closest friends.

Perhaps, as you suggested, a lawyer might know of some individuals who would care to subscribe to the stock.

I am also enclosing herewith the biographical (Vergüias) sketch which I would like to submit to the Lane Bryant Competition, if you think this answers the purpose. Mr. Cooke mentioned that it should be an unrecognized person so I have omitted all of her political work and included only the social service work she has done.

FRG:evl

Enc. 2

WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM

FEBRUARY 8, 1960

SECRETARY OF STATE CHRISTIAN HERTER
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE
WASHINGTON, D.C.

DEAR MR. HERTER:

THE CURRENT MASS IMPRISONMENTS, TORTURING OF PRISONERS AND SHOOTING OF STUDENTS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC CONSTITUTE VIOLATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS AS DEFINED IN THE CHARTERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES

THESE VIOLATIONS ARE NOW BEING PERPETRATED ON SUCH A SCALE THAT THEY NO LONGER PERTAIN EXCLUSIVELY TO THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BUT CONSTITUTE A THREAT TO HEMISPHERIC PEACE. FOR THIS REASON THE INTER AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM URGES THAT THE UNITED STATES POSITION AT THE MEETING OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES THIS AFTERNOON BE ONE OF FAVORING COLLECTIVE ACTION BY THE ORGANIZATION DESIGNED TO PUT AN END TO THESE EXCESSES.

ONLY COLLECTIVE ACTION BY THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES AT THIS TIME CAN PREVENT AN OUTBREAK OF ARMED CONFLICT IN THE CARIBBEAN AREA.

FRANCIS R. GRANT, SECRETARY GENERAL; ROBERT J. ALEXANDER, ROGER N. BALDWIN, LOUISE CRANE, SOL LEVITAS, SERAFINO ROMUALDI, CLARENCE SENIOR, NORMAN THOMAS

IADF, 67 WEST 44 ST., NEW YORK, N.Y.

June 2, 1960

Miss Frances R. Grant
IADF
45 West 45 St.
New York, N.Y.

Dear Frances:

I certainly approve of your excellent report on the Maracaibo Conference.

We would appreciate your adding a brief reference to the anti-Franco and anti-Salazar resolution passed: something like this, for instance:

"It was also resolved that the Governments of the democratic countries of the Hemisphere reduce to a minimum their relations with the existing dictatorships in Spain and Portugal, and should protest against the outrages being perpetrated by said regimes."

(A Resolution, incidentally, which Professor Hays might have taken the trouble to read before he wrote about it in the NEW LEADER!)

Best,

Louise

INTER-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
FOR DEMOCRACY & FREEDOM

67 WEST 44TH STREET
NEW YORK 36, N. Y.

OXFORD 7-5669

May 26, 1960

Dear friend:

In accordance with the decisions at last Friday's meeting,
I am sending you a copy of report as corrected by Roger Baldwin.

If you approve of it, please notify me that we can add your
signature to the combined report.

If not, please inform me of any additions or changes you
will wish to make, as early as possible, as I do not wish to delay longer
in getting this out.

I will also probably print it in "Hemisferica".

WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM

FEBRUARY 8, 1960

DEAR MR. HERTER:

FRA NCES R. GRANT, SECRETARY GENERAL; ROBERT J. ALEXANDER, ROGER N. BALDWIN, LOUISE CRANE, SOL LEVITAS, SERAFINO ROMUALDI, CLARENCE SENIOR, NORMAN THOMAS

**BOARD OF DIRECTORS**
Romulo Betancourt
Jose Figueres
Eduardo Santos
Ex-Oficio, Life Members

Romulo Gallegos
President

**MEMBERS**
Roger Baldwin
Luis Bossay L.
Alberto Cañas
Eduardo Frei
Juan Guichon
Americo Ghioldi
Franco Montoro
Javier Ortiz de Zevallos
Ramiro Priale
Vicente Saenz
Aureliano Sanchez-Arango

**ALTERNATES**
Gonzalo Barrios
Diogenes de la Rosa
Gonzalo Facio
Virginia de Izaguirre
Roberto Martinez Ordoñez
Manuel Ordoñez
Miguel Otero Silva

Dear Committee Member:

Our recent Second Inter-American Conference for Democracy and Freedom has been of historic importance in many ways. For United States it has served to present the picture of our Inter-American relations, not as we imagine or wish them to be, but as they are in reality. It has also disclosed the inability of many North Americans, even liberal ones, to understand the serious situations in Latin America and to conduct themselves in a manner which would further, rather than hinder, Inter-American relations.

It devolves upon our United States Committee to act as a van-
guard in helping to solve these two problems. Their solution
becomes expressly urgent, in view of the following two events;
first, the approaching Inter-American Conference of the OAS in
Quito and second, the Third Inter-American Conference for Democ-
racy and Freedom which will be sponsored by our Association prob-
ably within the next two or three years.

For this reason, I am anxious to reorganize and extend our United
States Committee so that it can become a positive force for Inter-
American understanding, as we face these two significant challen-
ges. For this reason, I am asking our present members to assist
me in making our Committee a more effective and dynamic one. I
would appreciate it if you would answer the following questions:-

(a) Can you yourself take an active part in our Committee in helping in its reorganization and greater activation?

(b) Can you suggest additional individuals whom we might invite to join the Committee and thus extend to new fields an awareness of our Inter-American problems?

I should appreciate your reply as soon as convenient since I wish
to call a meeting of our Committee and exchange ideas on the basis
of the answers which have been given me.

Hoping that you may share our sense of the importance of this task
which is before us and anticipating your reply, believe me.

FRG:evl

February 28, 1958

Sr. A. Uriarte
120 E st Broadway
New York, N.Y.

Dear Sr. Uriarte:

Since I understand we can have the meeting room of La Nacional,
I would much appreciate it if you would inform all the Spanish
and Basque representatives for that evening, March 7th, at 8 P.M. On
the other hand, I will invite the American groups.

I was very pleased to read to the Committee the letter which I
addressed to Governor Munoz on their behalf, as they instructed me
to write. It would now be very interesting for us to hear the letter
written by General Asensio to Mr. Pego and I am sure he will be very
glad to bring a copy of the letter to read to us.

Should there be any further developments in regard to the program,
etc., I shall be delighted to keep in touch with you.

FRG:MDG

March 3, 1958

Sr. Odon Betanzos Palacios
354 West 110 St.
Apt.7
New York 25, N.Y.

Dear Sr. Betanzos:

I am in receipt of your letter of March 2nd in which you mention
the note in "La Frensa" of Saturday, mentioning the name of Governor
Munoz Marin as a possible orator. I, too, was shocked by this no-
tice with the name of Munoz Marin, which acts as a betrayal of con-
fidence. Now, that I realize that you had nothing to do with
this notice, I am even more shocked.

In the first place, everyone in the Committee last Thursday agreed
that you and only you were authorized to take care of the publicity
for the Spanish press, while I was to take care of the English
publicity. Under this decision of the Committee, I have refrained
completely from doing the Spanish press since I have entire con-
fidence in your excellent capacity to undertake this.

I think it is imperative to find out at our next meeting on Friday
who gave this notice without authority and who included the name
of Munoz Marin. Since it is not only embarrassing to us, but a
complete betrayal of confidence of Governor Munoz Marin.

I am writing this, although, I hope to be able to speak to you
even before you receive this.

FRG:MDG

FOR YOUR RECORD

March 27, 1958

Secretary John Foster Dulles
Department of State
Washington, D. C.

Dear Secretary Dulles:

Our Organizations have been authoritatively informed that, almost daily, shiploads of arms, tanks, etc., are leaving New York and other American ports for Cuba, to swell the military defenses of General Batista, the Cuban dictator. We presume that these arms shipments are being justified under the Military Defense Treaty, signed by the United States and Cuba on March 7, 1952, and stipulating as its purpose, "the Mutual Defense and Security of the Hemisphere."

However, these United States arms are being used, not for the "Mutual Defense and Security" of the United States and Cuba, but directly against the civilian population of Cuba. This use of the United States armaments is a direct violation of the said Treaty, since Article 1, Section 2 definitely commits the Cuban Government to use these arms for the purpose of implementing defense plans accepted by the two Governments, under which the two Governments will participate in missions important to the defense of the Western Hemisphere and will not without the prior agreement of the Government of the United States of America devote such assistance to purposes other than for those for which it was furnished."

Since, to repeat, these arms are being used daily against Cuban civilians, including many university students in their teens, as well as women, it cannot be conceivably presumed that the Cuban Government has lived up to the purposes of the Mutual Defense Agreement. Hence, any obligation on the part of our Government to continue the shipment of arms ceases to exist.

The undersigned organizations urge strongly the immediate cessation of these shipments, which serve to fortify the Cuban dictatorship and permit Batista to circumvent the purposes of a Treaty of Mutual Defense by obtaining arms which are obviously being turned upon the Cuban civilian population.

From the authenticated information which reaches our offices, we are convinced that every civilized nation of human rights is being violated today by the Cuban dictatorship, in its imprisonment, torture, assassination and exile of its political opponents. In addition, civil and political

FRANCES R. GRANT
Secretary-General

U. S. COMMITTEE
ROBT. J. ALEXANDER
LUIGI ANTONINI
SHELLEY APPLETON
DR. GERMAN ARCINIEGAS
ROGER BALDWIN
PATRICIA BILDNER
DR. CLAUDE BOWERS
LOUISE CRANE
FRANCINE A. DUNLAVY
JESUS DE GALINDEZ
FRANCES R. GRANT
JOHN HERLING
O. A. KNIGHT
S. LEVITAS
JAMES LOEB
EDWARD MCHALE
JOSEPH MONSERRAT
MORRIS NOVICK
G. D. PROCOPIO
SERAFINO ROMUALDI
CLARENCE SENIOR
NORMAN THOMAS
DAVID C. WILLIAMS
Legal Advisor
CLIFFORD FORSTER

Office of Secretary-General
Room 506
67 WEST 44th STREET
New York 36, N. Y.
OX 7-5669

April 17, 1958

Dear Committee Member:

Due to the very welcome presence of our close friend and colleague Governor Munoz Marin at our recent Committee Meeting, I was not able to take up one of the important points of the agenda.

I therefore wish to consult you regarding the presentation of our annual citation for distinguished service to the cause of Inter-American democracy. As you know, our last citation was presented to Dr. Edwardo Santos last May.

My own suggestions for possible choice would be the following:

1. President Hernam Siles of Bolivia.

2. Ramiro Priale, Secretary of the Aprista Party.

3. Dr. Alberto Eleras Camargo of Colombia.

Each of these individuals has performed extraordinary service to democracy in his own country and served as an example of democracy to the rest of the Hemisphere.

From another point of view, we might also consider the provisional President of Argentina, Aramburu as an example of the new military man who understands his role as the guardian of democracy.

One other name that comes to my mind as an American who has served Inter-American democracy with such great distinction, namely Adolph A. Berle, Jr. Should you have any other suggestions of your own, I would be delighted to hear of them.

For your information, I may recall to you that our previous citations were given to Pres. Jose Figueres; the New York Times and Herbert Matthews; the Colombian Government (for its defense of the right of political asylum); Gov. Munoz Marin, Dr. Jose Mora; Dr. Alberto Gainza Paz; Dr. Edwardo Santos.

Once we have decided on our recipient, we can plan our presentation ceremony either for late May or early Fall.

I would appreciate having your reply as early as possible either giving me your choice of one of the above or any new suggestions you may propose.

With appreciation for your cooperation, believe me,

FRG:MDG

67 West 41 St.
New York, N.Y. Room 506
(0x 7-5669)

(Because we feel our American friends would appreciate knowing the attitude of our Venezuelan colleague, Dr. Romulo Betancourt, Former President of Venezuela and Leader of "Accion Democratica", we are quoting herewith a translation of his two statements made immediately before and after the visit in Caracas of Vice President Nixon on May 13, 1958)

On being informed of a Washington news story, telling of a possible attempt against Vice President Nixon in Caracas, Romulo Betancourt, President of the "Accion Democratica" Party, made the following statement to "La Esfera", on May 13, 1958, before the arrival of Vice President Nixon.

"I consider this report incredible and absurd. Venezuela is not a country of cowards, and to throw stones or missiles at a guest would be an act contrary to the traditions and the manhood of Venezuelans.

"It is entirely possible and, in fact, necessary to express to Vice President Nixon, in calm but unequivocal language, the comments and criticisms that the foreign policy of the United States towards Latin America, and especially Venezuela, deserves. From an expression of views comes clarification. This is the democratic, reasonable and responsible approach. But aggressiveness, oral or in action; uncivil violence; howling tumult, does not conform with our character as a cultured and civilized people. I express this not only as my personal opinion, but that of "Accion Democratica", and in support of the declaration of President Larrazabal, who has asked the community of Caracas, which has such a good record of performance in the history of our country, to deport itself, during the visit of the Vice President of the United States, not like a tribal and primitive collectivity, but like a civilized society, adult, capable of expressing its point of view, without un-disciplined excesses, but with quiet firmness and solemn dignity."

ADDRESS OF ROMULO BETANCOURT, FORMER PRESIDENT OF VENEZUELA AND PRESIDENT OF ACCION DEMOCRATICA, OVER RADIO AND TV, MAY 13, 1958.

"Today our city, distinguished by a thousand deeds in the history of the struggles for liberty, has experienced an ignoble hour. Irresponsible agitators, violating the deep-rooted Venezuelan traditions, have incited demonstrations against the Vice President of the United States, Mr. Nixon, even going to the extreme of insulting his wife as well as the officials of the Venezuelan Government who accompanied them. Some, reckless groups continue to provoke incidents in the streets even now. This procedure is inoble and calls for the most passionate denunciation, the most energetic condemnation. In the name of my party "Accion Democratica", I am expressing this condemnation, and also personally as a Venezuelan who has dedicated thirty years of his life to fight for the liberty and democracy of his country.

"The observations and criticisms which one wishes to express, in regard to the policy of the United States towards Latin America, can be discussed in a calm atmosphere, without a show of reckless irresponsibility, without shouts and without stones.

"Taking advantage of the freedom which exists in the United States, I constantly in newspapers and at universities voiced my criticisms there regarding the unnecessarily friendly attitude of the Department of State towards the tropical dictatorships and also regarding the lack of concern for the agonizing economic problems which are affecting the 180 million persons living south of the Rio Grande. I expressed these criticisms during the five years of exile in Puerto Rico and within the United States.

2,

"I would lie, if I stated that I was ever restrained or disturbed in any way because of this. On the contrary not only I, but many other exiles, were able to live and act without restriction in the motherland of Lincoln.

"Those who incited the violence of this morning, are rendering the greatest service to the fugitives, who imposed their dictatorial infamy on our country for many years. In their gilded exile, they can rejoice that a few irresponsible persons, exploiting the ingenuousness of adolescents hardly past 15 years of age, felt themselves impelled to support a thesis favored by some of our unpatriotic sociologists, that this country cannot govern itself without the overseer's whip. This is false. I had the honor of governing Venezuela. I know its people intimately, because I come from their very midst and have always lived among them. I know that ours is a people able to exercise liberty peacefully and serenely. Therefore, I ask the people of Caracas to cooperate actively with the authorities to disperse the small rebellious groups who were responsible for a situation which should be at once arrested. The Government JUNTA merits the support of the nation in its sincere efforts to lead the public towards free elections. Whoever impedes this plan with undisciplined rioting, exploiting the pretext of a visit to our country of an official of a friendly nation, is offering the greatest services to the servants and devotees of the governments of force."

"I speak clearly and responsibly. I am not a calculating politician, but the spokesman for a responsible collectivity and a man who feels that his entire life and his personal destiny are linked with that of Venezuela."

"Therefore, I not only express, without hesitation, our protest before the happenings of this morning, but I also add a categoric call to the people of Caracas to help preserve order and resolutely to adopt the attitude of a civilized host toward our guests from the north who are visiting our country."

* * * * * * * *

Incident in Maracai, on April 26.

I. Chairman Silva Torres announced that Gomes would not be invited to attend next conference because of incidents occurring in colonial commission the previous night.

2. L. went down to presidium while other speeches continued and asked Miss C. why this statement had been made. She said it had been agreed on but was not to have been announced.

3. L. returned to seat and asked Mr. Baldwin, Senior, etc. to ask for explanation. No one did until Arne Neier asked for floor, and asked why Gomes was told he would not be invited to next conference. Neier was ignored.

4. Senior, Fanny Simon and Alexander urged Gomes to ask for a point of privilege. Chairman said OK.

5. Silva Torres kept right on talking, so Gomes seized mike and bellowed "You are a communist front. You are all a lot of communists."

6. Prieto seized mike and lifted it onto stage, out of Gome's reach. Gomes went after it and Prieto struck him in the forehead, knocking off his glasses and scratching his face. (with ring, probably). Neier intervened to separate them and Venezuelans and P.R.S (?) started to attack him in turn. He was taken out of hall. Gomes in mentime had walked up aisle and sat down ways back.

VIRGINIA DE IZAGUIRRE

One of the most dedicated, and self-abnegating women of Peru, Virginia de Izaguirre first studied pharmacy, then law, in the University of San Marcos. She is a member of the Peruvian bar.

Virginia Izaguirre began her voluntary work on behalf of the women and children of Peru in 1945, undertaking consistent volunteer social service work, and organizing a voluntary corp of mostly women of the working class, to aid her in her task. One of their first aims was the distribution of Christmas gifts, for children who had never known what a gift was. This effort grew until, in 1948, 150,000 gift packages were distributed consisting of toys, clothes, candies and crackers. In addition to the work in Lima, the work extended later to the children of the villages of Peru, and even to hospitals, sanatoria, orphan asylums, homes for aged peoples, men and women's prisons and reformatory schools.

Working with her volunteer corp of women, she organized outings for children to Chosica, a health resort in the Andes, where weekly 1000 children at a time were taken out of the slums, especially during the rainy and difficult winter of Lima. To organize these groups, Mrs. Izaguirre and her corp of women, visited the poor homes of the city, enabling them to study the conditions of the families, and to ascertain the needs of these families.

Another of her projects, successively achieved, was also pressing the city to build parks for the children of the poorest sections. Three of the large parks of the city were built at her instigation on sites previously used for garbage dumps. In these parks she began her social service projects, especially the organization of Youth Clubs. She arranged also for performances given without charge for children and their mothers.

In 1948, when a military dictatorship was established in Peru, she was persecuted and compelled to pursue her work underground, since she refused to discontinue her tasks. She was imprisoned with common women criminals for two years. Only when her health was utterly ruined did the dictatorship allow her to be taken to a hospital, under guard, from where she was exiled to the United States. Here, with the aid of the Inter-American Association for Democracy and Freedom, medical and surgical help was obtained and she finally regained her health.

Returning to Peru at the downfall of the dictatorship, she began her work with the women and children once again, organizing a legion of women to obtain technical and material aid for working mothers, so that they should have milk, medicines and also to receive some training and education which would enable them to become self-sufficient, a great deficiency in Peru. As a lawyer, she has given her professional training, without charge again and again, to plead the cause of mothers,

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needing food allowances for their children, as well as aiding them in cases of abandonment and other domestic tragedy. She serves constantly as a voluntary mediator in family problems, and constantly visits working mothers in their living quarters, in the sub-human slums of the country where the houses are mere shacks of tin and straw.

She has constantly pressed for living wages for working mothers, especially those in the fish canneries where women work for 30 cents a day for 16 to 18 continuous hours. She has led the fight against the cruel working conditions for these women, as well as those in the clothing industry of Peru where they receive 35 cents a day for the same continuous hours of labor.

She has used her pen to write constantly in the press, urging aid for the working mothers not only in Peru but in other Latin American countries, and in pleading for amelioration of their living conditions.

She is now at present enlarging the Federated Mothers Club; these now number about 7000 of the poor mothers of Lima. She is extending this effort to better conditions among mothers and children in the villages, both in their home life, among those in domestic service, among the women in the growing industries and among the farm sections of her native land.

* * * * *

U. S. COMMITTEE

ROBT. J. ALEXANDER

LUIGI ANTONINI

SHELLEY APPLETON

DR. GERMAN ARCINIEGAS

ROGER BALDWIN

PATRICIA BILDNER

DR. CLAUDE BOWERS

LOUISE CRANE

FRANCINE A. DUNLAVY

JESUS DE GALINDEZ

FRANCES R. GRANT

JOHN HERLING

O. A. KNIGHT

S. LEVITAS

JAMES LOEB

EDWARD MCHALE

JOSEPH MONSERRAT

MORRIS NOVICK

G. D. PROCOPIO

SERAFINO ROMUALDI

CLARENCE SENIOR

NORMAN THOMAS

DAVID C. WILLIAMS

Dear Friend,

We are mailing you this issue of Hemispherica with the hope:

First, that you will read this issue

Second, that you will feel moved to aid our work for
democracy and human rights in Latin America.

Shocked as you may be by the political crises in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, you will be equally disturbed to know how human endurance is being tested by the suppressions of the Latin American Dictatorships, maliciously aided by communism.

By encouraging the democratic forces of Latin America, in their aims of achieving civil and political liberties, without violence, we may prevent another world crisis on our door-step.

Help us to awaken public opinion in our country to the dangers of such scourges of Latin American Dictatorship as:

**Political Exile:** Hundreds of thousands of Latin Americans, driven into exile from their "captive" countries because of their fight for freedom, remain abandoned and humiliated. Help us to gain for them proper international status and dignity, through appeals to the U.N. and the OAS.

**Political Imprisonment:** Thousands of political prisoners, many for years sick and incommunicado, are in the jails of Venezuela and other dictatorships. Pressure of continental public opinion may force open their prison doors. Help us turn the keys!

**Political Torture:** No Nazi or Soviet torture skills are omitted from the repertory of the military police of Latin American dictators. Help us to expose their continuous, secret assaults on the human person!

**Political Assassination:** Jesus Galindez, our close colleague, was one of the martyrs in this fight -- killed by the Murders-For-Hire, employed by these dictators. Help us ferret out and prevent these extra-territorial crimes against democratic leaders.

In fighting these and other violations of human dignity in our Hemisphere, we ask your assistance in the form of a contribution to our work. Your aid will go entirely to our program, since no officer receives compensation. We will welcome any contribution towards the modest annual budget which we have set for our work.

FINANCE COMMITTEE

Louise Crane, Acting Treasurer

Roger Baldwin

Norman Thomas

Serafino Romualdi

Clarence Senior

Clifford Forster

Room 306, 45 West 45th Street, New York 36, N. Y. (PL 7-5290)

Dear Colleague:

Dr. Javier Ortiz de Zevallos, a member of our board and re-
cent President of the Peruvian Chamber of Deputies will be
in New York shortly for a few days.

In line with our custom of having these democratic leaders
of Latin America meet with our colleagues here, we are hav-
ing a luncheon for Dr. Zevallos, at the Overseas Press Club,
35 East 39th Street, from 12 noon to 2 p.m. on Tuesday,
August 30th (informal). Try to be there at 12 noon.

Do try to attend for we feel it will be a very worthwhile
occasion.

Subscription for the luncheon will be $5.00 (including gra-
tuity). Since the capacity of the Club is limited, we would
appreciate having your reservation on the attached slip as
early as possible.

Looking forward to seeing you,

Enclosed please find the sum of ______ for reservations at
$5.00, for the luncheon on Tuesday, August 30th, 1960 at the
Overseas Press Club.

Name _______________

Guests _______________

Address _______________

WESTERN UNION

DAY LETTERS TO:

CITY DESK

AND ATTENTION HERBERT MATTHEWS

NEW YORK TIMES

229 WEST 43 ST.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

LOCAL AND LATIN AMERICAN EDITORS

50 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA

UPI

220 WEST 42 ST.

FRANCE PRESSE

50 ROCKFELLER PLAZA

NY HERALD TRIBUNE

CITY DESK

230 WEST 41 ST.

LA PRENSA

245 CANAL STREET

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

IN A TELEGRAM SENT TODAY TO SECRETARY OF STATE CHRISTIAN HERTER NORMAN THOMAS, FRANCES GRANT AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE INTER AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM AFFIRMED THAT VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS SUCH AS MASS IMPRISONMENT AND TORTURE ARE BEING CARRIED OUT ON SUCH A SCALE IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC THAT THEY NOW CONSTITUTE A THREAT TO HEMISPHERIC PEACE.

TENSION OVER THESE EXCESSES IS RUNNING SO HIGH IN OTHER LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES THAT, ASHTHE GROUP WARNED SECRETARY HERTER, "ONLY COLLECTIVE ACTION BY THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES AT THIS TIME CAN PREVENT AN OUTBREAK OF ARMED CONFLICT IN THE CARIBBEAN AREA."

FULL TEXT OF THE TELEGRAM TO SECRETARY HERTER FOLLOWS:
(FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CALL FRANCES GRANT OXFORD 7-5669)

WESTERN UNION FULL RATE TELEGRAM

WASHINGTON, D.C.

FEBRUARY 8, 1960

DEAR MR. HERTER:

THE CURRENT MASS IMPRISONMENTS, TORTURING OF PRISONERS AND SHOOTING OF STUDENTS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC CONSTITUTE VIOLATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS AS DEFINED IN THE CHARTERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES.

THESE VIOLATIONS ARE NOW BEING PERPETRATED ON SUCH A SCALE THAT THEY NO LONGER PERTAIN EXCLUSIVELY TO THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BUT CONSTITUTE A THREAT TO HEMISPHERIC PEACE. FOR THIS REASON THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM URGES THAT THE UNITED STATES POSITION AT THE MEETING OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES THIS AFTERNOON BE ONE OF FAVORING COLLECTIVE ACTION BY THE ORGANIZATION DESIGNED TO PUT AN END TO THESE EXCESSES.

MEMORANDUM ON ALEXANDER FRANCES R. GRANT, SECRETARY GENERAL; ROBERT J. ALEXANDER, ROGER N. BALDWIN, LOUISE CRANE, SOL LEVITAS, SERAFINO ROMUALDI, CLARENCE SENIOR, NORMAN THOMAS. 67 WEST 44 ST., NEW YORK CITY.

CHARGE TO IBERICA PUBLISHING COM, 112 E.19 St., NYC

October 17, 1957

Mr. Adolf A.Berle,Jr.
70 Pine Street
New York City

Dear Adolf:

Thankyou for your generous contribution
of $500 (Five hundred dollars) to the
Inter-American Association for Democracy
and Freedom.

I am only acting as Treasurer pro tem,
until a better solution is found.

On January 23rd last, one of the most insidious dictatorships in American history--that of Perez Jimenez of Venezuela--toppled over. For almost a decade it had fattened itself on oil; it had brandished the most powerful arms in Latin America. It appeared to be impregnable. And for a decade the porcine, repellent person of Perez Jimenez swelled more and more with arrogance and opulence.

But on January 23rd, in the manner of all dictators, who ultimately shrivel down to their cowardly size, Perez Jimenez, with a few of his servitors, had to escape hurriedly to the Dominican Republic. Behind him, remained sadistic police officers to face the fury of the Venezuelan populace. And, scurrying shortly after him, followed the lascivious person of his guest and advisor, Juan Peron.

It is a good day when a dictatorship collapses; and those of us who have worked for the resurgence of liberty in the Americas, truly rejoice. But, even more, it is a day for reflection and resolution. For dictatorship is more than the ugly person of a Perez Jimenez or a Peron. These are only the fistular symptoms of a profound cause. Dictatorship is a disease, a malignancy, which may begin with the sickened tissue in a distant country--say Franco Spain--and then spread its tentacles to other countries, to a Hemisphere, and finally a world.

It is not the purpose of this short commentary on the collapse of Perez Jimenez to dwell generally on the dread phenomenon of our time, the political dictator. Nor do I wish to review here the social, economic and political ills which make Latin American such a fertile soil for dictatorship. Rather would I here in a spirit of reflection analyse our own responsibility in the decade-long violations of human rights by human dictators as we experienced them on our

31 de Julio

GRAN HOTEL BOLIVAR

LIMA - PERU

Dear Louise,

I regret having to write you somewhat hurriedly, but as usual this is between appointments and on a borrowed typewriter. Actually I learned of the new Galindez investigation (sic) only shortly before your letter arrived, when I read it in a file of the New York Times in the Panagra offices here. (abbreviated foreign edition)

It does not surprise me that Ernst has accepted this job. It is time that he was exposed for the cynic and fraud that he is -- and his statement about taking "unpopular cases" (at a very good fee) should be sufficient to discredit him. Why anyone keeps calling him a "man of integrity" is a puzzle to me, unless they are afraid of his capacity for treachery or do not know of it. I know, from personal experience.

The last I heard of him he was toyed with by Joe Monserrate, to defend the Galindez side of the case; perhaps he is using the material he got from Joe on behalf of Trujillo.

I was interested to learn that George has started south with Silfa to collect fund -- if it is to pay you back, it is highly creditable. It almost seems as if George was promoting a Silfa "mística", as I have been told by the Basques and Spaniards that he did much personal propaganda to this end on his trip south. Perhaps you are right about Garfield-- I was judging less his work than the perspectives of the case.

My entire trip has been a succession of revelations and completed moving experiences. For many reasons I should like to write a series of articles about it on my return. In any case, I would be pleased to have a press conference. Arrange it, if you think best, perhaps under the joint auspices of our various organizations. It does not look as I shall be back before the first week of September. I will leave here on August 2nd for Ecuador (Hotel Humboldt); about the eighth for Panama, and then successively to Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico. Finally, and happily, New York.

If you have news perhaps you had better send it in care of KIKKU Sra. Karen de Figueres, Casa Presidencial, San Jose, Costa Rica, as I shall arrive there more or less about the 10th of August.

I shall certainly speak to Haya about you both. I had lunch with him yesterday, but your letter had not yet arrived. The Congress is very successful and interesting, and he was received here by an enormous mass of people. I shall tell you all about it.

Excuse my bad writing and my hurried reply, as I must now be on my way. There are innumerable things to discuss on my return.

Cables: "BOLIVARCO"

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swer from Silfa's party: a very flowery letter to the effect that God will repay me if Silfa can't,-- well of course I hadn't asked them to repay me, just to pay the remaining $700 dollars due for expenses,-which it would seem to me might be more important that Silfa and George's travelling expenses on these good-will (!) tours!

As to George's activities while travelling with Steve,-- the more I hear about that the more livid I get. Of course Steve is absolutely through with him,-- and he was absolutely enchanted to hear that George had been imprisoned! "The wheels of retribution move quickly",-- he said!

Of course the whole situation was my fault for trying to mix the two things,-- but I had thought that George would have better judgment.

Now, to get back to business: I am glad that you approve of the press conference idea,-- perhaps you would have done it anyway, but I would like to organize it so that all will be prepared on your arrival. I know that you will have a great many things to say that are far more important than the Galindez case, but as you well know that is what will make the news,-- so anything new on that subject would be wonderful,-- esp. if it could be factual or documented. I'm afraid that the saturation point has about been reached on hearsay or circumstantial reports,-- esp. as now the Ernst investigation will probably come up with a lot of phony documentation. If we could just smoox be in a position to say that you are arriving with new information on the Galindez case we would get out every reporter in town,-- but I suppose that is not possible. What about me that article signed by Galindez on the disappearance of Hernandez or whoever it was in Cuba,-- you will think I am crazy, but I was just wondering if this might be an opportunity to produce that, and maybe its not as sensational as all that.

If it should be opportune, will you thank President Figueres for his kindness to Stephen and---George when they were there last winter.

With best regards, and let me hear your thoughts about the press conference,

Louise

Victoria sends her greetings.