BUSINESS WEEK

24 OCTOBER 1970 (27)

VIETNAM

Inflation remains
a tenacious enemy

As the American military presence in South Vietnam steadily diminishes, it is growing more obvious that the U. S. may find it harder to withdraw its economic support than its troops. At present, there is no long-range Vietnamization policy for the economy, as there is on the military side (page 112). But the Agency for International Development now has a six-week-old office of postwar planning whose one-man staff is on his first Vietnam tour.

At present, both Saigon and Washington are more frightened by galloping inflation and its threat to political stability than by any other economic problem. Both have agreed, says Neils C. Beck, acting director of AID's industries division in Saigon, that "inflation is the most dangerous threat to political stability."

To combat immediate problems, President Nguyen Van Thieu recently introduced reforms aimed at reducing the current 45% rate of inflation to a still-horrifying 25%. His method called for dual exchange rates for the battered piaster. The old rate of 118 to the dollar still applies to most imports; a new rate of 215 to the dollar, a 57% devaluation, applies to all export transactions, luxury imports, and the local money market. To cut back tremendous imports of non-essential goods, importers were required to deposit up to 500% of the value of many goods before they could get letters of credit. The black market was not caught napping: Just nine days after the reforms, the illegal piaster exchange rate was al-

Thieu has devalued
by 57% to try to
stifle luxury buying

ready 440 to the dollar and rising at five piasters a day.

The new reforms treat the symptoms, not the disease. The 1965 escalation of the war reduced exports to a trickle, while the entrance of American men, machines, and money built up a trade deficit that amounted to $785-million in 1969 alone. Part of this staggering deficit resulted in Saigon's policy—with U. S. support—of encouraging luxury imports to sop up the loose cash. Ironically, one of Thieu's new reform aims is to stifle the luxury goods market. Various regulations have pushed up prices of such items as metrobike.

BUSINESS WEEK

Will the
made in

A soldier's best drill sergeants were a friend to GIs in fense Dept. made infantry weapons throughout the Vietnam years, the Pentagon's million of the light rifles, made most Inc., in Hartford.

Now, with U.S. forces in Southeast Asia, Pentagon will be and that may lead to economic problems.

With Washington's concern of Singa-por, M-16s in Singapore will assemble most agricultural from the duty-free them to the new 20 program puts a huge rural population—needs—by raising and machinery re new high-yield rice the taxes will soai holders and force them to stuffs they had hel inflated prices. So that the taxes may affect of Thieu's hater" reform that out of 1-million shan

Two years ago sources Corp. of N. massive postwar that recommended farming and industry. The crux of the plan should return to rice trade through yield seeds. But with nations plowed in Now, with most South tions able to feed and world rice plan seems overtak

Other farm pro- blighted. Vietnam are riddled with worth the cost in Rubber, once the was maimed by tations could take If only 10% of the catch of 400,000 to processed or frozen turn $100-million- neries are unsan plants exist, and n More aid. As much are war-weary, so gress may be relu-

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Job Well Done

(LC)

To the Editor:

On Jan. 27, at 7 p.m., EST, a
cease-fire went into effect in
Vietnam. Our thanks must go to
one of our foremost foreign af-
fairs officials, Dr. Henry A.
Kissinger, 1972's Man of the
Year..

Without his help and know-
how who knows how much long-
er the war would have dragged
on.

All those trips all over the
world, all those years this man
put in, for the stupidity of the
war.

So it's a tip of the hat, and a
thank you, Dr. Henry A. Kissin-
ger, a job well done!

ROCKY M. CERUZZI

Milford

Joseph Kraft: Competition is keen

Kissinger is surrounded

Washington — Henry Kissinger faces a different Washington as he comes back to town this week for his first extended stay since his Mexican vacation.

For the first time he faces stiff competition from other parts of the Government besides the feeble State Department. While he still seems to be the President's chosen agent of policy, he has diminished support from his own staff, and friendly agencies in town.

## Biggest rival

The big new bureaucratic rival is the Treasury, which has been pushed forward by the primacy of economic affairs in foreign policy. The international monetary arrangements of the past few weeks register major changes in American relations with Japan, Germany and France. They were managed without any Kissinger input by Secretary George Schultz, Under Secretary Paul Volcker and Arthur Burns of the Federal Reserve Board.

Against this background, the transfer of Helmut Sonnenfeldt from the Kissinger staff to a post as Treasury under secretary takes on importance. Far from being Kissinger's man, as some have imagined, Sonnenfeldt has been a Kissinger rival for years. He is notably tougher when it comes to dealing with the Soviet Union, which is what he will be doing at Treasury. In effect, the Treasury post really affords him a base for fighting Kissinger.

## Pentagon stronger

More competition comes from the Pentagon. Former Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, though constantly at odds with Kissinger, was relatively easy to handle because of his exaggerated bluster about the Soviet threat.

Elliot Richardson, the new secretary, has modulated the rhetoric about the big, bad Russians. But in his new defense posture statement, Richardson signs on for every single weapon system endorsed by Laird. Some of them cast a shadow over Kissinger's hopes to negotiate a second arms control agreement with the Russians.

AP Wirephoto

## Dr. Henry Kissinger

... Is he planning to leave?

In his testimony, moreover, Richardson has not hesitated in most unLaird-like fashion to make all kinds of foreign policy statements. He has been talking about Vietnam, Cambodia, the Middle East and relations between Russia and China. It is not without significance that he issued his posture statement before Kissinger's State of the World message had been finished.

## Sen. Jackson a factor

To cope with these rivals, Kissinger departs from a doubly weakened base. For one thing, several agencies once friendly to Kissinger have been staffed by White House politicos with a view to satisfying Senator Henry Jackson of Washington, the cold war liberal who is the Administration's chief instrument for dividing the Democrats on Capitol Hill.

The Central Intelligence Agency used to be headed by a Kissinger friend and admirer, Richard Helms. The new director, James Schlesinger, is no special friend to Kissinger. He once turned down an offer to join the Kissinger

staff. While most of the changes he has made at CIA seem dictated by administrative rather than policy considerations, their effect is being felt on the evaluation staff which previously gave Kissinger important support in his fights with the Pentagon over Soviet capabilities.

## Disarmament agency

Similar changes affect the disarmament agency. Fred Ikle, the new head of the agency is, like Schlesinger, highly acceptable to Senator Jackson. He has none of the bias toward achieving practically any arms agreement which used to make the agency an ally for Kissinger in his quest for detente.

As to Kissinger's own staff, it has been strengthened by two additions. He takes on a truly brilliant economist in Charles Cooper, who formerly served in the Saigon embassy, and a very savvy chief of staff in Lawrence Eagleburger, who comes in from the Pentagon. But even they cannot make up for the loss of one of the best staff officers in Washington — Gen. Alexander Haig, who has gone back to the Army.

In these conditions, Kissinger could well think of leaving in the next year. He is a relatively young man — only 50 next month — and he could live to serve another President.

But the odds are that the glamor and power of the job will outweigh such considerations. Like McGeorge Bundy and Walt Rostow before him, he will probably stay on the job past his prime.

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The seven feet above flood
age and forecast to crest at
0.4.

The U. S. Corps of Engin-
eers estimates that flood dam-
age along the River exceeds
$150 million.

The flood threat at New Or-
leans was lessened however,
with the opening of the Bon-
net Carre spillway, which is
channeling the overflow
around the city.

TV Ads Barred
In Little Cigar Bill

Washington — (AP) — A
bill that would prohibit broad-
cast advertising of so-called
little cigars has been passed
by Senate voice vote and sent
to the House.

Sen. Frank Moss (D-Utah), chief sponsor, said broadcast advertising of little cigars was legal but violated the spirit of the ban on cigaret advertising. He led the fight to knock cigaret commercials off the air.

Moss said he pushed for the
bill after Consolidated Cigar
Corp. refused to voluntarily
withdraw broadcast adver-
tising of Dutch Treat little
cigars. Other tobacco manu-
facturers have agreed to stop
broadcast advertising of sim-
ilar products.

Gelatine Firm Drops
Its Contested Ads

Washington — (UPI)—Knox
Gelatine Inc., of Johnstown,
N.Y., today agreed to stop ad-
vertising that Knox gelatine
drink is an important health
and nutrition aid.

Under a consent order ten-
tatively accepted by the Fed-
eral Trade Commission, the
firm also was forbidden from
saying that gelatine protein in
general is a high quality pro-
tein or a source of nutritional
benefit, or that any gelatine
food product leads to good
health or is nutritious.

when his age plus the number
of years he has participated in
a pension plan adds to 50.

From that starting point, an
additional 10 percent of all the
benefits earned would be vest-
ed each year so that the pen-
sion would be fully vested five
years later.

The President said that un-
der this formula, the propor-
tion of full-time workers in pri-
vate retirement plans with
vested pension benefits would
go from 32 percent to 61 per-
cent.

Among participants over 40,
the percentage of vested bene-
fits would rise from 40 per-
cent to about 90 percent, he
said.

Would Count

To avoid excessive pension
cost increases, the law would
apply only to benefits earned
after the bill becomes effec-
tive although the number of
years a worker participated
in the pension plan prior to
enactment would count to-
ward meeting the vesting
standard.

Mr. Nixon said, "This re-
form would help to reduce
the frequency and magnitude
of benefits losses when pen-
sion plans terminate." But he
said he was not yet ready to
recommend — as he said had
been suggested — creation of
a government-sponsored pro-
gram to insure workers against
suffering pension losses.

Mr. Nixon also said that em-

Dentists Seek Clue
From Barnacles

Detroit — (AP) — Dental re-
searchers hope studies of bar-
nacles, the marine animals
that attach themselves to the
hulls of boats, will help repair
teeth.

Scientists at the Michigan
Dental Association convention
say the barnacle, whose hard
shell resembles the calcium
makeup of teeth, excretes a
strong glue that may provide a
clue about manufacturing a
similar substance for dental
work.

FIND A STRAY IPET? Locate its
owner, fast thru Bulletin Classified ad-
vertising. Call 382-7000, — Advt.

President said.

The President recommended
that workers who receive
lump-sum payments from pen-
sion plans when they leave a
job before retirement should
be able to defer taxes on those
payments until retirement.

U.S. Must Cut Use of Oil,
White House Aide Warns

By KARL ABRAHAM
Of The Bulletin Staff

A White House official said
here today that Americans
may soon face the choice of
accepting strict oil conserva-
tion measures or sending an
army to the Middle East to se-
cure oil fields there for Amer-
ican markets.

Elmer F. Bennett, assistant
director of the Office of Emer-
gency Preparedness, said he
hoped the public would volun-
tarily adopt the use of lower
horsepower gasoline engines
and restraints on the use of
other petroleum products, but:

"There are real doubts
whether the American people
are going to accept such
changes in their life style."

"We all don't want the gov-
ernment to mandate life-style
changes," Bennett told a sym-
posium on oil and energy in
the Sheraton Hotel.

"If our dependency on for-
eign oil becomes sogreat, or
our control in foreign policy
and international influence de-
clines, we might someday see
these measures adopted.

"The alternative would be to
send an expeditionary force to
the Middle East that would
make Vietnam seem like a
picnic," Bennett said.

He was the second speaker
with government experience to
stress the foreign-policy as-
pects of the energy crisis.

Andrew Gibson a former as-
sistant secretary of commerce
and now president of Inter-
state Oil Transport Co., said
he has detected an effect of
the energy crisis in trade ne-
gotiations with the Russians.

While the United States
faces a growing shortage of
domestic gas and oil through

1985, said Gibson, "the Soviet
Union increasingly points out
that it does not appear to have
any energy problems.

Both Gibson and Bennett
stressed the President's con-
cern with impending trade de-
ficits. He said deficits for en-
ergy alone could reach $20 bil-
lion by the 1980s between the
United States and the coun-
tries of the Middle East.

Gibson said that the four
largest oil countries of the
Middle East will have cash
surplus of about $15 billion
from oil sales by 1975, giving
them great leverage in inter-
national financial policies af-
fecting the health of the Amer-
ican dollar.

The energy symposium is
sponsored by the Franklin In-
stitute, Drexel University, the
Delaware Valley Council and
the Delaware Valley Regional
Planning Commission.

Osteopath Indicted;
Once Treated Nixon

New York — (AP) — Dr.
Kenneth W. Riland, a Man-
hattan physician — osteopath
who has treated President Nix-
on and presidential aide Hen-
ry A. Kissinger has been in-
dicted on charges of evading
taxes on $71,000 in medical
fees income.

A federal grand jury alleged
that Riland, 61, knowingly fail-
ed to pay more than $39,000
taxes due in 1966-70.

A White House spokesman
confirmed that Riland had ac-
companied Mr. Nixon on his
trip to mainland China. The
spokesman said Mr. Nixon
had paid Riland for treat-
ments.

9 NOV 1974

Dear Mr. Prime Minister:

I want to express my deep appreciation to you
for all the efforts you and members of your Government
made to ensure that our visit to Pakistan was such a
success. I was particularly pleased with the frankness
and openness with which we were able to talk about such
a broad range of issues. Our ability to do so is yet
another reflection of the confidence and trust our two
countries have in one another.

Thank you also for the many personal kindnesses you
and Begum Bhutto showed my wife and me during our stay.
Nancy was delighted to be able to spend a few fine hours
with your charming wife, and both of us are grateful to
Begum Bhutto for taking the time to give a stranger to
Pakistan a memorable view of your fascinating country.

I look forward to meeting with you again in
Washington early in the new year. I know that your
meetings at that time with President Ford will be
carried on in the same spirit of candor and good will
which characterized the very useful exchanges we have
just concluded.

His Excellency
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto,
Prime Minister of Pakistan,
Rawalpindi.

9 NOV 1974

Dear Mr. President:

I am grateful for the opportunity my visit to Yugoslavia afforded to become acquainted with you and your views on important issues. I am confident that our meeting has made a contribution to the expansion and strengthening of the contacts between our two countries.

I was deeply impressed by what I heard and saw of Yugoslavia during my short visit and took away very fond memories of your country.

His Excellency
Dzemal Bijedic,
President of the Federal
Executive Council of the
Socialist Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia,
Belgrade.

Befragde.
Republik of Yngsøalsvås,
Socialist Federal
Executive Council of the
President of the Federal
Dremsel Brediget.
Hås Excellency

Henry V. Klaasinger

2/1

Warm regards,

and took away very loud memories of your country.
and saw of Yngsøalsvås owning my short visit
I was deeply impressed by what I heard

two countries.
strengthening of the contracts between our
made a contribution to the expansion and
issues. I am confident that our meeting has
designed with you and your views on important
visit to Yngsøalsvås arranged to become so-
I am grateful for the opportunity my

Dear Mr. President:

2 NOV 1974

9 NOV 1974

Dear Mr. Birla:

I thoroughly enjoyed the splendid reception extended
to me by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
and Industry, the Associated Chambers of Commerce
and Industry of India, and the Indo-American Chamber of
Commerce. The opportunity to meet informally with so
many of the business and industrial leaders of India
was an invaluable supplement to my discussions with
India's Government officials. It substantially con-
tributed to my understanding of India's progress and
problems.

Your efforts and those of your organization in
arranging this reception, along with those of Mr. Bhat
and Mr. Mahindra and their organizations, helped make
my visit to India as rewarding as it was. Please con-
vey my appreciation and thanks to Mr. Bhat, Mr. Mahindra
and all the others who helped.

Mr. K. K. Birla,
President, Federation of Indian
Chambers of Commerce and Industry,
Federation House,
Tansen Marg,
New Delhi-1.

New Delhi-1.
Tanaen Mard,
Federation House,
Chambers of Commerce and Industry,
President, Federation of Indian
Mr. K. K. Birla.

Henry A. Klaasen

Best regards,

vey my appreciation and thanks to Mr. Bhat, Mr. Mahindra
my visit to India as rewarding as it was. Please con-
and Mr. Mahindra and their organizations, helped make
arranging this reception, along with those of Mr. Bhat
Your efforts and those of your organization in
problems.

triated to my understanding of India's progress and
India's Government officials. It abysitantly con-
was an invaluable supplement to my discussions with
many of the business and industrial leaders of India
Commerce. The opportunity to meet informally with so
and Industry of India, and the Indo-American Chamber of
and Industry, the Associated Chambers of Commerce
to me by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
I thoroughly enjoyed the splendid reception extended

Dear Mr. Birla:

9 NOV 1974

CAMERA PRESS
L I M I T E D

RUSSELL COURT, CORAM STREET, LONDON, W.C.I

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Dr.Henry A. Kissinger,
The White House,
Washington,

9th February, 1972.

Dear Dr. Kissinger :

In the issue of Time magazine dated the 7th February (on the cover of which they used a sketch of one of the photographs you so kindly permitted me to take of you,) there is a description of your career and it states that you wrote your doctorate thesis on Count Metternich.

I think it would be of tremendous and unusual interest, if you would permit us to distribute for publication in the Press copies of this work, or such excerpts from it as you can approve for Press publication.

It might well be that this early work could explain and illuminate your view and your philosophy on world affairs.

May I take this opportunity of thanking you again for having been so very helpful and cooperative during my recent visit, when it is now more clear than ever before that there are quite a few calls of national and international significance on your time.

— WE TAKE EVERY POSSIBLE CARE IN THE HANDLING OF PRINTS, NEGATIVES AND COLOURS BUT WE DO NOT ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY IN CASE OF LOSS OR DAMAGE —

DIRECTORS: Tom L. Blau (British, formerly Hungarian) Managing Director - Nikki Blau - Jonathan Blau

HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER,
THE WHITE HOUSE,
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500,
U.S.A.

\* DENOTES SEMI-COLON
+ DENOTES COLON

KISSINGER, HENRY ALFRED. PH.D. AMERICAN, B. 1923.

POLITICAL SCIENTIST, EDUCATOR AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL+ ASST. TO
PRESIDENT NIXON FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS, WASHINGTON, SINCE
1968* FACULTY MEMBER, HARVARD UNIV., CAMBRIDGE, MASS., SINCE
1951, CURRENTLY ON LEAVE (DIR., HARVARD INTNL. SEMINAR, SINCE
1951* DIR., DEFENSE STUDIES PROGRAM, SINCE 1958* PROF. OF
GOVERNMENT, SINCE 1962).

CONSULTANT+ NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL, 1961-62* THE RAND CORP.,
1961-68* U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY, 1961-68* U.S.
DEPT. OF STATE, 1965-68. FOREIGN POLICY ADVISER TO GOV. NELSON
A. ROCKEFELLER, 1968.

PUBL+S NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND FOREIGN POLICY, 1957* A WORLD
RESTORED+ CASTLEREAGH, METTERNICH AND THE RESTORATION OF PEACE
1812-1822, 1957* THE NECESSITY FOR CHOICE+ PROSPECTS OF AMERICAN
FOREIGN POLICY, 1961* THE TROUBLED PARTNERSHIP+ A REAPPRAISAL OF
THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE, 1965* (ED.) PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL
STRATEGY+ A BOOK OF READINGS, 1965* AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY+
THREE ESSAYS, 1969.

CHILDREN+ ELIZABETH* DAVID.

BUS+ THE WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500, U.S.A.

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Indochina

Reality and Appearance

Despite reports by the pilots involved that inclement weather hampered the bombing of North Vietnam last month, the President assured the nation on January 2 that the bombing had in fact been "very, very effective." Since the bombs appear to have hit school-houses and hospitals rather than the assigned military targets, Nixon must have had in mind some other definition of "effective".

Clearly, the President wants everyone to know, and particularly his Chinese hosts in February, that he will bomb North Vietnam as much as he pleases until the very end, November 3, 1972. In the meantime, recent setbacks in Cambodia and Laos as well as expectation of an imminent offensive by North Vietnamese and PRG forces in the Central Highlands of South Vietnam seem to undercut the President's bold rhetoric. And, when Nixon is in Peking in February, the leaders of the Indochinese revolutionaries will be having a strategy session of their own in Hanoi.

President Nixon has chosen to mask his intention to stay in Vietnam until the end of 1972 in the guise of a question: will Hanoi refuse to negotiate on P.O.W.'s and thereby "cause" the United States to maintain a residual force in South Vietnam?

But as early as June, 1970, when Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme spoke with Secretary of State Rogers, Nixon has known that Hanoi *might* agree to release its prisoners in exchange for a fixed U.S. withdrawal date.

Concerning the July 1 proposal on prisoners of war by the Provisional Revolutionary Government, Palme told Metromedia Radio on August 18, 1971, that his country was "...long before the Vietnamese came along with this suggestion or this proposal—suggesting a solution along these lines. It's logical because if the withdrawal of troops will take place anyway it's the prisoners who are very important to the American government and, therefore, if you couple them both you could achieve two ends in one stroke."

Between June and September 1971, the Hanoi delegation at Paris frequently brought the possibility of such an exchange to the attention of U.S. citizens. On July 6, a high-ranking member of the North Vietnamese Politbureau, Le Duc Tho, spoke of the above exchange in an interview with the *New York Times*. Although he questioned whether Nixon would agree to the proposal, Tho specified that his government was prepared to promptly reach a negotiated solution. The Nixon administration did not respond.

On September 12 at Paris, Senator George McGovern told reporters that Hanoi would agree to release prisoners if the United States would agree to fix a withdrawal date. Four days later at the regular session of the Paris Talks, U.S. Ambassador William Porter cleverly challenged Hanoi to affirm or deny statements made by McGovern and others. Porter guessed correctly that Hanoi would not affirm McGovern's statement publicly, since such an affirmation would probably have implied acquiescence to the

American-orchestrated, one-man election of President Thieu which was to occur in early October. Only in late August had General Minh and Vice President Ky withdrawn from the presidential "race". Thus, at a critical point prior to the October election, Hanoi saw no cause to boost Thieu's stature which remains even today at a very low ebb.

On January 3, 1972, minutes before he told newsmen that Nixon had "decelved the American people" into believing that Hanoi would not agree to exchange U.S. prisoners for a fixed withdrawal date for all U.S. forces, McGovern telephoned Xuan Oanh, secretary of the North Vietnamese delegation at Paris, to clarify the conditions for prisoner release. Oanh confirmed that his government would release prisoners in exchange for a fixed U.S. withdrawal date; when asked of the fate of the Thieu regime if the U.S. agreed to a withdrawal date, Oanh said that it was the best judgment of his delegation that Thieu would quickly resign.

At the regularly scheduled meeting of the Paris Talks on January 6, Hanoi once again publicly linked the question of U.S. withdrawal with that of an end to U.S. support to Thieu. While this statement may *appear* to contradict McGovern, the reader might ask: why, after the U.S. had bombed North Vietnam for seven days in late December, should Hanoi publically appear ready to compromise and submit to the desires of the Nixon administration?

That Hanoi has only once publicly confirmed its private statements—i.e., to the *New York Times* on July 6—should convince the reader that behind its public rhetoric at Paris, Hanoi has another policy in cold-storage. The North Vietnamese will unveil that policy when they, not Nixon, are ready.

The Harvard Crimson

The University Daily, Founded 1873

THURSDAY, JANUARY 13, 1972

Even the Pawn Must Hold a Grudge [LC]

DECEMBER 17, 1971

THE HARVARD CRIMSON

While the air war reaches peak intensity throughout Indochina and fighting accelerates in Cambodia, it may be wholly inappropriate to discuss two of the so-called "humanitarian" problems: prisoners of war and forced civilian relocation.

Although Nixon has sanctioned continued bombing, his advisor Henry Kissinger let the French press know (November 17) that the U.S. has decided to reconsider the Provisional Revolutionary Government's seven points of July 1. These humanitarian issues may serve Nixon as a way to communicate flexibility to his Vietnamese opponents. On the other hand, these issues create serious implications for the United States and for the cause of world peace.

In recent months, Nixon has found it more difficult to manipulate the prisoner of war issue. One reason is that since June a group of prisoners' wives has publicly stated their belief that their husbands remain imprisoned because Nixon views the maintenance of U.S. troops in South Vietnam as a prerequisite for the continued existence of the Thieu regime.

In Washington on September 28 in an unscheduled speech reported by the *London Times*, President Nixon reassured the prisoners' wives that the North Vietnamese are a "savage enemy" devoid of "humanitarian ideals."

Given Nixon's emphasis on "humanitarian ideals", it would be interesting to hear an explanation from him of the following:

In a June 28 press statement, Amnesty International—a British-based organization with a special interest in the cause of political prisoners and prisoners of conscience—announced that a counsellor of the South Vietnamese Embassy had sought Amnesty's help last January concerning North Vietnam's treatment of "persons kidnapped" from the South.

On March 20, the leaders of Amnesty agreed that their chairman, Sean MacBride, should visit Vietnam, "To discuss and examine the treatment of political prisoners in North and South Vietnam; to make representations to the respective governments for the release of prisoners of conscience; and to discuss and examine the conditions, treatment and possible release of civilian and other prisoners detained as a result of existing armed conflict."

On April 2, Mr. MacBride met with the South Vietnamese Ambassador in London. The Ambassador did not refer to the unsuitability of any particular date, and his embassy subsequently sent MacBride a visa application. However, the Ambassador did express doubt that a visa from the North Vietnamese would be forthcoming.

When they learned that North Vietnam had agreed to the visit, the South Vietnamese delayed issuing a visa. When Amnesty attempted to reroute the visit so that MacBride would first go to North Vietnam, the North Vietnamese ambassador in Paris stipulated that MacBride's visit to North Vietnam was contingent on

prior issuance of a visa for a visit to the South.

At the beginning of June, the South Vietnamese ambassador wrote MacBride that the timing of the visit was inappropriate, because the officials MacBride would want to see, "were too busy to receive him."

Since the "election" in South Vietnam ended long ago, a visit by MacBride could not possibly upset the political balance in the South. After his visit there, MacBride could proceed to investigate treatment of American prisoners held in North Vietnam. Surely Nixon, who has bemoaned the fate of the prisoners for so long, would not prevent such an inspection trip.

As American strategists envisioned, the intensive bombing of the Indochinese countryside has stimulated the urbanization of the area. In the northernmost provinces of South Vietnam, however, people continue to live in the countryside, which is why the U.S. and Saigon sought earlier this year to resettle these residents in areas of the far South. Unfavorable publicity in the U.S. press forced the cancellation of relocation plans.

Why should relocation occur? The U.S. was either planning to step up the conventional bombing of northernmost South Vietnam and-or to use tactical nuclear weapons to stem infiltration from North Vietnam. In either case, but especially in the case of tactical nuclear weapons, it would be more "desirable" to have the civilians out of the way beforehand.

At present, observers in South Vietnam report that no large-scale removal of civilians from northern to southern South Vietnam has begun, although at the October 28 session of the Paris Talks, the delegate of the Provisional Revolutionary Government did report that forced relocation of residents of Gio Linh and Cam Lo districts of Quang Tri province had taken place; on December 2, the same delegate stated that relocation had been stepped-up.

Observers in South Vietnam anticipate that large-scale shifts of population will begin very soon.

As a result of the intensification of the war in Indochina and of the air war in particular, the North Vietnamese government has ordered its people to build bomb shelters in the event of B-52 raids. During a recent visit to Peking, North Vietnamese Premier Pham Van Dong hinted that he expects that the U.S. will again threaten to use tactical nuclear warheads. Meanwhile, the prisoners of war languish, and Saigon is planning forced relocation of large numbers of civilians.

Similarly, the fate of the Bengalis slaughtered last March and April mattered little in Nixon's calculations. Now there is a full-scale war in the Indian subcontinent, and another is brewing in the Middle East. Nixon may condemn India and North Vietnam, but he will not gain his "generation of peace" by invoking faded morality or by varying the quantity and kind of bombs dropped.

—Jim Blum

New-York Nov. 9, 1974

HONORARY SECRETARY OF STATE
Mr. HENRY A. KISSINGER
WASHINGTON D.C.

DEAR SIR;

Enclosed please find two color photos of
you which I have taken at the Woldorf Astoria
Hotel N.Y.C., during your recent meeting with
H.E. ISMA'IL FAHMI Min. og For. AFFAIRS of
EGYPT.

I am sending these pictures to you as a souvenir.

I wish you good luck and good health.

GARBIS K. BOGOSIAN
136-04 CHERRY AVE. APT. 6 F.
FLUSHING, NEW-YORK 11355

P. BOULANGIER
RÉSIDENCE LE MURGER
BOURGOGNE A
+ 28-DREUX
TÉL. : 46. 04. 78

DREUX; le samedi 18 Novembre 1972

MONSIEUR KISSINGER
CONSEILLER Particulier du PRESIDENT NIXON
de passage à PARIS
AMBASSADE DESU.S.A à PARIS

MONSIEUR LE CONSEILLER

Alors que vous allez certainement parvenir à un Accord de Paix au VIETNAM en n'ayant pas craint de vous attaquer à laadrature du cercle"... permettez nous de venir respectueusement vous rappeler l'envoi des différents documents que nous avions cru bien faire de vous acheminer, ainsi qu'au PRESIDENT NIXON, pour vous y aider:

- Notre lettre du 12 Octobre ,à votre Code 20.500 ÀU WHITE HOUSE OFFICE...

- Notre invitation aux Hauts Dignitaires de la CONFERENCE AU SOMMET pour un APPEL solennel à lancer au 20 Octobre au PRESIDENT NIXON...

- Notre Plaidoirie d'Ensemble que nous vous avions adressée le 24 Octobre pour remettre au PRESIDENT NIXON...

- Notre nouvelle Premise à votre intention à l'AMBASSADE DES U.S.A, à PARIS, avant l'élection du 7 Novembre...

Permettez nous de vous faire savoir, que nous ne nous décourageons pas et que nous poursuivons, de notre mieux, nos démarches multiples près des Autorités françaises et près des Huit Hauts Dignitaires ayant pris part à la CONFERENCE DE PARIS, pour que l'on s'inspire de nos précédentes suggestions afin de rapprocher l'AMERIQUE et notre future EUROPE pour une mobilisation générale de toutes nos forces psychologiques afin d'envisager une nouvelle politique Atlantique pour une Désescalade Générale entre 1973 et 1983...parallèlement à de profondes réformes de solidarité monétaire et économique entre nos deux Continents.

Votre Traité Américano-Russe de MOSCOU, n'est qu'un prélude de la co-existence pacifique, mais seule, une Alliance avec l'EUROPE pourrait nous conduire aux vraies solutions de PAIX !

Puisse le PRESIDENT NIXON s'en convaincre et proclamer solennellement au Monde, au moment de l'annonce de la PAIX AU VIETNAM, sa résolution audacieuse d'étudier avec l'EUROPE, un projet de CHARTE DECENNALE DE DESARMEMENT GENERAL ET DE RECONVERSION ?

Ne croyez vous pas, MONSIEUR LE CONSEILLER, qu'il puisse être judicieux de ne point quitter PARIS, avant de vous entretenir avec l'ELYSEE de cette ouverture salutaire que nous attendons anxieusement, pour opérer un bonDeal ?
Recevez MONSIEUR LE CONSEILLER, l'expression de votre respect.