38 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

tance of the 48th without once seeing each
other, or discerning the least appearance of
land, it may be affirmed with certainty, that
no continent exists within those limits, and
that all the conjectures and positive assertions
of former navigators, and the reasoning of
geographers and astronomers concerning a
Terra Incognita Australis, have not the least
foundation in truth, but are mere fictions un-
supported by facts, and now fully disproved
by uncontrollable demonstration.

As the winter was now far advanced in that
climate, it became necessary to haften their
departure, in order to purfue their discoveries
as it was thought in the warmer climates.
With this view both ships supplied themselves
with as much wild celery and other whole-
some greens as the people employed in that
service could gather, and the ships convenient-
ly fitow. The brewers likewise on board the
Resolution made a second brewing of the malt
they carried with them; but it does not appear
that the Adventure was equally provided with
malt.

On the 4th of June they celebrated his
Majesty's birth-day with great rejoicings. The
marines were drawn up on shore, and fired in
honour of the day; and the evening concluded
with bonfires and fireworks, to the great afto-
nishment of the Indian beholders.

On

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 39

On the 7th of June both ships fet sail; but
instead of steering an easterly and north easterly course, as our journalists imagined they
would do, from the advanced state of the season, they continued their discoveries to the
south, steering E. S. E. for several days, till
they came into the old course between the
47th and 48th degrees of south latitude; but
here they found the weather so rigorous and
intolerably cold, that in lat. 47 deg. 26 min. S.
long. 186 deg. 32 min. E. they changed their
course E. by N. which soon brought them into
a warmer climate. This was on the 16th of
June, the very height of their winter.

On the 24th of June they found themselves
in lat. 43 deg. 58 min. S. and on the 27th in
lat. 42 deg. 23 min. long. 196 deg. 30 min. E.
in which direction they continued to fail with
little or no variation till the 15th of July,
when the weather, which from the time of
changing their course to that day, had proved
moderate, began to alter; strong gales came
on, and what was still worse, the scurvy began
to show itself on board the Adventure, and in
a short time disabled half her men. In all this
long run they never had once fight of land; so
that now they had ranged more than half the
southern hemisphere in various parallels, but
all beyond any known tracks, and, except
Van Deiman's Land, and New Zealand, both
already

40 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

already sufficiently described, they had seen
nothing but sky and sea.

On July the 16th they again changed their
course E. N. E. till they came into a still milder
climate, and being happy in having moderate
breezes and fair weather, on the 20th of July
they found themselves in lat. 31 deg. 34 min.
and in long. 222 deg. 16 min. E.

On August the 1st the scurvy had prevailed
so much on board the Adventure, that the men
who remained in health were obliged to do
double duty: and this was the more remark-
able as there were but two men ill on board
the Resolution, one of a consumption, the other
of the rheumatism. They were now in latitude
25 deg. 11 min. and 226 deg. 57 min. E. fail-
ing a westerly course for Otaheite.

The Adventure had lost her cook by death,
and there being no man to be spared on board
that ship, one William Chapman, an old seaman
on board the Resolution, was appointed in his
room.

On the 11th they discovered three small low
islands bearing W. S. W. distance about three
leagues. They were now in lat. 17 deg. and
long. 218 deg. 30 min. nearly.

Aug. 12, about five in the morning, the
Resolution made the signal for land, and was
answered by the Adventure, when they saw a
small low island surrounded by a chain of
rocks,

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 41

rocks, on which the Resolution was near striking before she discovered her danger.

Every day now brought them in fight of small islands, of which Tupia is said to have laid down a plan of more than 100 of his own knowledge, most of them within the Tropics.

On the 15th of August they came in fight of Osnaburgh-island, so named by the Dolphin, about a degree and a half to the eastward of Otaheite, and the same day came in fight of Otaheite to their great joy.

On the 16th the weather being fair and calm, about eleven o'clock in the forenoon, the current carried them close inn shore upon a reef of rocks, on which the Resolution struck several times, but received no material damage. The Adventure came to with the coasting anchor, and hoisted out her boats, and got two small anchors and hawfsers to warp her off shore; but in warping both hawfsers broke, and they lost both anchors; about fix in the evening they flipt their coasting cable, and came to sea with the Resolution. The Resolution had likewise grounded, and had been obliged to cut her cable to get clear.

On the 17th both ships anchored in a bay at the north-side of the island; a great number of the Indians furrounded the ships on their first approaching the shore, and when they were made to understand that they came from Brit-

G

tain,

42 CAPT. COOKE's SECOND VOYAGE

tain, they cried out for Toobia, Banks, and
Solander, their old friends, neither of whom
being on board, the Captains shewed them-
felves to the populace, who soon remembered
them. They brought their boats loaded with
fruits, but neither hogs nor fowls.

Tents were now erected and the sick people
from the Adventure carried on shore, who re-
covered faſt.

And here it must be observed that our jour-
nalift of the Resolution frequently mentions
smoaking the ship with bruised gunpowder and
vinegar; bringing the hammocks from be-
tween decks, and airing them when the weather
was fine; and washing and scraping the ship;
whereas no such important matters are taken
notice of more than once by the journalift of the
Adventure, though it can hardly be supposed
that such precautions could be omitted, were it
not that the men on board the first ship suffered
nothing by the furvy, while those on board the
other were almost all affected.

While the ships continued in this station,
which probably was chosen as least exhausted of
live-stock, than that where the Endeavour had
 lain so long in her former voyage, the people
were friendly, and supplied the ships plenti-
fully with fruits; but hogs and poultry were
hardly to be purchased at any rate, nor indeed
were any to be seen, except such as were
brought

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 43

brought in presents for the Captains and gentlemen on board.

The crews of both ships had paid the utmost obedience to their officers while at sea, yet here it was hardly practicable with the strictest discipline to retrain the excesses of the common men, or to keep them to their duty; it was not unusual for three or four of them one day with another to be punished for going on shore, and one day in particular no less than ten of them were punished for the same offence; of whom seven were the Adventure's men, who were scarce recovered from their illnesses.

The inhabitants of this island have already been so fully described, that hardly any thing new can be added: One circumstance indeed, seems to have escaped the notice of former voyagers, and that is their fidelity to those who condescended to place confidence in them as particular friends. To such there is no fervice that they will not readily submit, nor any good office that they will not willingly perform; they will range the island through to procure them what they want, and when encouraged by kindneses and some small presents and tokens of esteem, no promises or rewards will influence them to break their attachments, or to dissolve the connections so formed, and generously supported; of this, our journalists had many proofs. This principle, however, is not to be understood to comprehend chastity

G 2

among

44 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

among the women; for these, by their education, being bred to the practice offenfual delights, pride themselves more in giving pleasure to many, than in being conftant to one; their intercourſe with men generally begins before reaſon has any power in the government of the paſſions, and till they become mothers, their indulgence with men is held in no diſgrace. But there ſeems to be in nature ſomethinſtinſtive that ſupersedes the moſt confirmed habit, and inclines the mother to ſeek an aſſiſtant for the protection and prefervation of her young: She therefore attaches herſelf to the father, and the father takes pleafure in protecting and providing for his offſpring; hence it is, that there are very few inſtances of adultery among the natives of Otaheite; for where the commerce with the virgin is reſtricted by no law, there is no temptation to the gratification of the coarſer paſſions, with thofe who are already, as it may be ſuppoſed, palled with their enjoyment. Thus it happens that a crime which is held in the utmoſt abhorrence in civilized countries, and which is productive of the moſt complicated evils, is ſo little known in this ſavage country, as Europeans affect to call it, as ſcarce to have a name. Jealousy, though a ſelf-tormenting paſſion, and productive of a whole train of malignant effects in European countries, is here too without a ſting.

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 45

fting. In short, the subtile refinements which
civilization has introduced among mankind,
being utterly unknown among this happy
people, their crimes are few, becaufe the pro-
penfities of nature are univerfally tolerated,
and there being no contention about monied
property, and the earth yielding fpontaneously
almost all the neceffaries of life, nothing re-
mains punifhable among them that is not here
punifhable in a ftate of infancy, when every
father is the legiflature of his family.

Perhaps that propensity to theft, for which
the inhabitants of all the ifles in the South-
Seas, are so lavishly ftigmatized by Europeans,
may yet be found, upon examination, to be
lefs criminal in them than it is generally ef-
teemed. Is it not very natural, when a peo-
ple fee a company of ftrangers come among
them, and without ceremony cut down their
trees, gather their fruits, feize their animals,
and, in ſhort, take whatever they want, that
such a people ſhould uſe as little ceremony with
the ſtrangers, as the ſtrangers do with them;
if ſo, againſt whom is the criminality to be
charged, the chriſtian or the ſavage? He that
ſets the example, or he that follows it. Per-
haps their propensity to thieving may be much
leſs powerful among themſelves than the
fame propensity is among us, where though
the punifhment attending it is the ſevereſt that
can

46 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

can be inflicted, yet the effects of it are not to
be refrained even by the terrors of death. Why
then upbraid the savage with thievery? Is it
because in other respects he shames the Christian
by the innocence of his life? or that, having
one crime in common with the Christian, all
his other virtues are to be cancelled?

But even this crime, if in the circumstances
we have mentioned, it can be called a crime,
was easily refrained. No sooner were the condi-
tions of traffic made known to them and per-
fectly understood, than they on their part ho-
neftly adhered to it. For a hatchet, they gave
a hog, and for a nail a capon. Surely the
stranger had no reason to complain of extor-
tion againft the native, nor to give him an ill
name for supplying all that he wanted upon the
easiest terms. It should seem, from the rela-
tions of our journalifts, as well as from the re-
ports of all former voyagers, that when the na-
tives of the Southern islands were satisfied that
the Europeans came with no hoftile intentions
to invade their country, they were not only wil-
ling to exchange with them what articles they
feemed most to desire; but to load them with
prefents of the best things which their coun-
tries produced; of this the British voyagers re-
ceived many proofs. When they met with op-
position, it was from the formidable appearance
they made, and from the apprehension the natives

con-

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 47

conceived of their mischievous designs; but
those apprehensions once removed, all prejudices ceased of course.

On the 21st of August the ships prepared to
shift their stations; and on the 25th they cast
anchor in Port Royal harbour, where the En-
deavour had formerly been moored for more
than three months. Here the chief articles of
trade were hatchets, knives, scissors, razors,
combs, looking-glasses, all forts of nails and
iron, white stone beads, white shirts, &c.
Grand necklaces, ear-rings, and artificial
flowers, they paid little regard to.

It is remarkable, that the only animals our
voyagers saw upon this part of the island,
(a few hogs and dogs excepted) were rats, and
these swarmed the most where the island was
most inhabited; nay, they seemed to be che-
rished by the inhabitants, who often fed them
with fruit, and, instead of destroying them,
kept them tame about their houses, like as we
do cats.

No sooner were the ships moored in this har-
bour, than all hands were set to work in dif-
ferent employments. The astronomers tent
and apparatus were set up on shore, where the
Captains of both ships chiefly attended. Mr.
Foster went abroad every day in search of new
productions; the armourers and carpenters
were busied in repairing, the cooper in clean-
ing

48 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

ing and new-hooping the caſks; the waterers
in filling them, and the woodmen in felling
wood: in ſhort, every perſon was employed,
and not a moment loſt in fitting out the ſhips
for compleating their voyage.

It had been lamented in the course of the
former voyage, that the commerce of the wo-
men with the European ſtrangers had entailed
upon the natives the dreadful curſe that on the
firſt discovery of America had depopulated
half Spain; “ that the ſufferings of the firſt
“ victims by the venereal infection had been
“ intolerably grievous; that it cauſed the hair
“ and the nails to fall off, and the ſlesh to rot
“ upon the bones; that it ſpread an universal
“ terror and conſternation among them; ſo
“ that the ſick were abandoned by their near-
“ eſt relations, left, like the leproſy, the diſ-
“ eafe ſhould ſpread by contagion, and they
“ were ſuffered to perſh alone in ſuch miſery
“ as till then had never been known among
“ them.” Yet it does not appear that any re-
mains of it were diſcoverable among them on
the arrival of the preſent voyagers, though
many of the ſeamen felt the ſmart of the in-
fection before their departure. There is, there-
fore, no reaſon to doubt but that the diſtem-
per may be generated by the impurities which
usually attend indiscriminate commerce with a
variety of men. Whether the inhabitants have

yet

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 49

yet found out a cure, or whether the infected
are still suffered to languish in their former ex-
treme of misery, till they are relieved by death,
does not yet fully appear: but one may rea-
sonably suppose, that had the latter been the
cafe, the women would have been more cau-
tious, and the men more vigilant in with-hold-
ing from the embraces of strangers, those who
were to be the mothers of their future progeny.
Be this as it may, the girls were as usual with-
out restraint; and the failors, as usual, were
sufferers by their freedom.

On the 1st of September, the ships being repaired, the water and wood stowed on board, the sick recovered, and the tents struck, about four in the afternoon they unmoored and came to fail. The reason assigned for thus suddenly quitting their station was, because no hogs were to be purchased; but a better reason seems to be the real one; and that was, that the failors in general were so taken with the delights of the place, and so smitten with the charms of their mistresses, that it was apprehended many would have secreted themselves on shore, and quitted the ships, had they imagined that the time of their departure had been so near; and of this they afterwards had a striking proof, as shall be related in its place.

Having a favourable gale, they continued to
fear to the N. W. all night.

H

On

50 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

On the 2d of September they came in fight
of Huaheiny, one of the Society Islands, off which
they cast anchor the fame night. Early in the
morning in working into Owhana Road the
Adventure missed stays, and backed a-stern
upon a reef of rocks on the larboard side in
going in; but by the assistance of the Resolution's boats, added to their own, they got off
with very little damage. They then warped
into the bay, and moored ship with the small
bower and stream anchors, and were soon joined
by the Resolution.

In this harbour strict orders were issued,
that none of the men should trade for hogs or
fowls. This precaution was taken to prevent
the articles which they had on board to exchange with the natives from sinking in their
value, as they certainly would have done, if
every one had been at liberty to give what he
would, and to purchase what number he
pleased. The Captain, therefore, very wisely,
in order, besides, to avoid the confusion that
such a market would necessarily produce, appointed purveyors, by which both ships were
amply and plentifully supplied, and at an easy
rate.

Here an accident happened that might have
been productive of very serious consequences.
One of the gentlemen belonging to the Adventure,
by name Mr. Spearman, having made an

excur-

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

excurſion into the woods by himſelf, was ſuden-
denly ſet upon by a party of Indians, who had
obſerved and track'd him, and who, having firſt
disarmed him, not only ſtript and robbed him
of his cloaths, and what things of value he had
about him, but beat him becauſe he made re-
fiftance. This outrage, had it been ſuffered to
pafs unrefented, would certainly have been
productive of other outrages of the ſame kind;
and therefore it became neceſſary to purſue
ſome means for redrefs. They were very un-
willing, as no blood had yet been ſpilt, to pro-
ceed to extremities, and equally unwilling
to ſuffer the offenders to eſcape with their
booty. They therefore contrived to get the
King and Queen into their power; and when
they were in the height of their entertainment
on board, Mr. Spearman appeared in the mi-
ſerable condition in which he had been left by
the robbers. The Captain, pointing to Mr.
Spearman, and addreſſing himſelf to the royal
gueſts, gave them to understand, that the
gentleman who ſtood before them had been
cruelly uſed by a company of their people,
and that he had loft both his cloaths and his
arms; at the ſame time he inſiſted, that ſtrict
orders ſhould immediately be iſſued for ap-
prehending the thieves, and for reſtoring every
thing they had taken away, even to the mi-
nuteſt article: he added, that they muſt

H 2

con-

52 CAPT. COOKE's SECOND VOYAGE

consent to be his hoſtages till juſtice was done
upon the offenders. This ſpirited meaſure
produced the deſired effect. The robbers
were immediately purſued and taken. They
had already parted their booty, and each
brought back what had fallen to his ſhare.
The next ſtep was to fee them puniſhed; and,
being brought on board, in order, as they
thought, to be put to death, they were bound
and ſtript. It is impoſſible to deſcribe the
terrors expreſſed in the countenances of theſe
poor ſavages on this occafion; but juſt as they
apprehended the hand of the executioner was
to be lifted up againſt them, they were releaſ-
ed, and preſented to Mr. Spearman, before
whom they crouched with ſuch different emo-
tions of fear and joy as can only be conceived
by thofe who have been eye-witneſſes of their
different geſtures. Mr. Spearman railed them
up, and preſented them unhurt to their Maſeſ-
ties, who received them with joy and grati-
tude, loading the ſhips with preſents after they
were releaſed; for they were little leſs terrified
while in confinement than the criminals who
had committed the offence.

After this adventure the ſhips prepared to
ſail, in order to viſit Ulietea, an inſand within
ſight, and much more confiderable than Hua-
heiny. Juſt as they weer ready to depart an
Indian came on board, and offered to enter a
volun-

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 53

volunteer for Europe. It was debated whether they should entertain him; but at last it was agreed to suffer him to proceed, as they might, perhaps, have an opportunity of landing him at some other island within his knowledge, should he afterwards express a dislike to continue the voyage.

On the 7th of September about seven in the morning they unmoored, and about half after eight came to fail in company together, directing their course westward with a gentle breeze and fair weather. When the ship was under fail, and the last canoe going off, the Indian called to his countrymen, cried much, and gave them some nails as presents to his friends; but in a day or two he appeared gay, and quite happy.

On the 8th they arrived off Ulietea, and about noon anchored in a fine bay, where they were immediately surrounded with canoes from all quarters, with hogs, fowls, fruits of various kinds, particularly bread-fruit, bananas, plantains, and cocoa nuts, with which the ships were plentifully supplied. As these fruits have all been repeatedly described by former voyagers, it is not our design to tire the reader with repetitions. Suffice it to say, that while their stock of fruits lasteth, the men never tafted biscuit; nor while they could get fresh provisions did they ever eat salt. It seems, indeed, a very great mistake, that the hogs purchased here

54 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

here can neither be preferred for any continu-
ance of time alive or dead, nor their fowls
any more than their hogs kept alive longer
than the fruits of the country on which they
are accustomed to feed, can be preferred found;
because in that case a greater number than could
be consumed in a certain time, would rather be
an incumbrance than a benefit; — but the con-
trary is the fact; — so that at this island and that
of Otaha adjoining, they purchased a very con-
fiderable stock. Here likewise they filled their
empty water-casks, and having prepared every
thing for a long voyage, on the 17th in the
morning they set sail.

The inhabitants of all the society islands
seem to be nearly alike in manners, cuftoms,
and dispositions; the women, in particular, are
without modefty, and the men without courage;
they have neither the manly boldneſs of the
Ohoteroans, nor the ſavage fiercenefs of the
New-Zealanders; but are in general an effe-
minate race, intoxicated with pleasure, and en-
feebled by indulgence.

They have amongst them many sports and
entertainments, in some more refined than in
others, and our voyagers have remarked a dif-
tinction in their features, such as is observable
in Great-Britain between the English and the
Welch, and between the Lowland Scotch and
the Highlanders; in general they ascribe to the
Ulietean ladies a portion of beauty and deli-
cacy

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 55

cacy fuperior to the other nations in the South-
ern-Hemisphere, and equal, if they may be
credited, to the inhabitants of any nation upon
earth. The journalifts of the Refolution, (speak-
ing by way of comparifon with the Otaheiteans,)  
fay, the girls are here much fairer, and more  
loving. The writer of Captain Cooke's former  
voyage, fays " the natural complexion of the  
" Otaheiteans is that kind of clear olive or bru-  
" nette, which many people in Europe prefer  
" to the fineſt white and red ; the ſhape of the  
" face is comely ; their eyes, eſpecially thoſe  
" of the women are full of expreſſion, ſome-  
" times ſparkling with fire, and ſometimes  
" melting with ſoftneſs ; their teeth moſt beau-  
" tifully even and white, and their breath per-  
" fectly without taint." The ſame writer re-  
lating the manner of his voyagers reception on  
visiting a family at Ulietea, fays, " in the firſt  
" houſe they entered, they found ſome very  
" young women drefſed with the utmoſt neat-  
" neſs, who kept their ſtation, expeſting the  
" ſtrangers to make them preſents, which they  
" did with the greateſt pleafure, for prettier  
" girls they had never ſeen ; there was one of  
" them about ſix years old, ſtretched out her  
" hand to receive the beads, which they offer-  
" ed her, and no princeſs in Europe could have  
" done it with a better grace." This may ſuf-  
" fice to give a general idea of the inhabitants  
of

56 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

of these delightful islands, which it is more
than probable are the fame which Quiros, the
Spanish voyager, dignified with the name of
the isles of Soloman. They lie between the la-
titudes of 16 deg. 10 min. and 16 deg. 55 min. S.
and between the longitude 150 deg. 57 min.
and 152 deg. west of London; or, as our voy-
agers compute, between the long. of 208 and
209 deg. E.

On the 18th both ships set sail in company;
they had on board 160 hogs, and a large quan-
tity of bread, and fruit, and they had pleafant
weather, and a favourable gale; their course
W. S. W.

Nothing remarkable till the 23d, when in
lat. 19 deg. 6 min. S. and long. 201 deg. 53
min. E. they came in fight of a low small island
bearing S. W. by S. Course W. S. W. wind
S. E. At half past eleven in the forenoon hauled
up, but not finding any entrance, bore away
W. S. W. as before.

On the 25th saw some land birds, and fly-
ing fish, but no other signs of land.

On the 29th at noon, they altered their
course W. half S. lat. 21 deg. 30 min. S. Both
the ships companies in perfect health, except
some who had been injured by their mistresses
at Otaheite.

October 1, the weather continuing fine, and
the course W. by S. about two in the afternoon
they

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 57

they came in fight of Middleburgh, a pleasant
ifland discovered by Tafman, in 1643, bearing
from them about W. by N. At fix shortened
fail, shifted the topfail, and hawled up to the
fouthward to keep to the windward, lay up S.
by W. wind S. E. by E. The ifle at eight
o'clock bore W. by S. half S Lay off and on
all night.

Oct. 2, about five in the morning bore away
under topfails. At fix set forefails, and steered
W. and W. by N. between the large ifle and
a small one lying about three leagues to the
fouthward. When they had stretched two or
three leagues to the eastward of this ifland,
they could perceive land bearing about W. by
N. distance about fix or seven leagues. At
eight in the morning got close under the land,
and anchored in 45 fathom water. In lefs than
half an hour they were furrounded with In-
dians, fome in canoes, and fome swimming, but
none came alongside the fhips, fave one, who
brought in his hand the piece of a root
which they make much uſe as a token of peace,
and prefented it to the Captain, who received
it respectfully, and in return made the Indian
a small prefent. This he also received, and
placing it upon the top of his head, fat down
on the quarter-deck, and held it there for the
ſpace of half a minute. He seemed very de-
furious of making himſelf underſood, and want-

I

ed

58 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

ed much to enter into conversation with the In-
dian they had on board, but their languages
were totally different.

It should seem that Tupia, being a man of
learning and of a superior class to the common
rank of people in his nation, and one too who
had failed among the islands, must have under-
stood more languages than one, or it is not easy
to conceive how he could have interpreted, as
he is said to have done, the language of the New-
Zealanders to Mr. Banks and the rest of his
associates, more especially as New-Zealand lies
at treble the distance from Otaheite that these
islands do which we are now describing. The
inhabitants of Middleburgh are large and well
proportioned. Our journalist of the Refolu-
tion remarks, that both men and women want-
ed one of their little fingers; and Tafman who
first discovered that island makes a similar re-
mark. They also agree in their description of
the manner of painting their bodies from the
waist downwards, but they differ as to their
hair, which our journalist says is black and friz-
zled; Tafman, that some wear it crop and
others long. Our journalists represent the men
as bold and refolute, armed with clubs of eight
or ten pounds weight, and bows and arrows,
and of a fierce and dauntless disposition: Taf-
man, on the contrary, says, they were wholly
without arms, friendly and peaceable; they
agree

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE,

agree in their description of the country, and
of the plenty that abounds in it. Our journa-
lifts say that no country in the world has a more
beautiful appearance, and Tafman that it is
neatly laid out, and cultivated, and that it is
delightfully interspersed with walks and fruit
trees. The natives readily exchanged their
fruits for nails and pieces of cloth, and other
articles of small value; but upon enquiry there
being no water to be procured, the Captain
shortened his stay, and next day

October 3, weighed anchor and put to sea,
directing his course S. W. to an island about
five leagues distant, to which Tafman gave
the name of Amsterdam. Here both ships
cast anchor and moored.

During their stay great numbers of the na-
tives came off daily with hogs, fowls, and
fruits of different forts, which our voyagers
purchased for trifles.

This island is level, the lawns of a beautiful
green, and the woods abounding with fruit-
bearing trees, so varied in colour that nothing
in nature can afford a more enchanting prof-
pect. Here the shore is open, not surrounded
with reefs of rocks as the Society Islands are, but
free and bold, from 25 to 35 fathom water,
and of a shallow bottom.

Here the Captains were visited by the chief
men of the island; but when they went to re-

turn

60 CAPT. COOKE's SECOND VOYAGE

turn the compliment on shore, taking a guard
of soldiers with them for the greater state, a
quarrel enfued, which was not ended without
blood shed. The natives, like almost all the
other islanders in the southern hemisphere, are
great thieves, and taking a fancy to the hats on
the mens heads, it was not an easy task to pre-
vent their snatching them away. This, how-
ever, the soldiers endeavoured to do by pre-
senting their bayonets, but that had no effect;
the Indians attempted to wrest the arms from
the soldiers by force; but failing in their first
attempt, the fray became general, and the sol-
diers were in danger of being overpowered by
numbers. It therefore became necessary for
the officers to interpose, who, finding no other
means of preserving good order, and com-
manding respect, gave the word for one file to
fire over the heads of the crowd, and the other
file to reserve their fire till it should be seen
what effect the false fire would have in intimi-
dating the assailants. At first the Indians
feemed to deflect, but seeing no mischief had
enfued from such an uncommon report,
they redoubled their attack, and were for
pressing on more vigorously, when orders were
given to fire in good effect, by which two of
the most forward among them were shot dead,
and some others desperately wounded. This
at once put an end to the dispute. The In-
dians

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 61

Chians fled with the utmost precipitation, and some pieces were fired after them, not to hurt any of them, but to shew them that they were not out of the reach of European arms when at a considerable distance. This prevented every kind of insult for the future. The people came afterwards and traded fairly. They brought hogs in great abundance, which the common men killed and falted, and fowls of an enormous size. They also brought bread-fruit, cocoa nuts by thousands, plantains, and a fruit our journalists called shaddocks, as large as cocoa nuts, and of the colour and smell of lemons, all which they exchanged for trifles.

Being in search of water, our voyagers had an opportunity of seeing and examining the houses and plantations of the inhabitants of the inland parts of the country, and found them infinitely preferable to any in that part of the world they had yet beheld. Their houses are far more commodious than those of the islanders near the line: they were open indeed on one side like theirs, and at one end, but all the rest were close covered. They were divided into apartments, which seemed to be proportioned to the number of the family that inhabited them; in some there were more, in others fewer. In the villages, the lanes between the houses were not wider than ten or twelve feet. Behind every house a piece

of

62 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

of ground was allotted at least a hundred feet
long: these little spots were planted with
cocoa-nut trees on the outside, and with plant-
tains, yams, sweet potatoes, and other vege-
tables within. Each plantation was divided
from the next adjoining plantation by bamboo
partitions from twelve to sixteen feet high.
Adjoining to these were lawns or fields, the
grafs on which grows to the height of eighteen
inches, and never loses its verdure. With this
grafs they cover the floors of their houses to a
confiderable height, and over it they place
mats very curiously woven, on which they re-
pose themselves in the day, and sleep in the
night. They always eat in the open air, and
generally the master of the house eats alone;
the wife and children eat together. They
wear no cloths from the middle upwards,
neither men nor women; but they have a very
curious kind of cloth which they tie about
their waists with a platted girdle, and which
hangs in folds nearly as low as their knees, and
this is all the cloathing in use from the planter
to the king. The women are tall, well-shaped,
and strongly made, and seem to employ them-
felves in the business of the family. The arti-
ficers they did not see, but many there must
be, as both the islands Middleburgh and Am-
sterdam are amazingly populous; and they
have many very ingenious implements among
them

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

them that seem to require much skill and
nicety in the construction.

Our voyagers made signs that they wanted
water, and the people with great simplicity and
good nature brought them cocoa-nuts, and
shewed them how to drink the milk. It should
seem that they knew no other beverage but the
milk of the cocoa-nut.

The voyagers again made signs that they
wanted water to fill their cafs to bear away on
board; they shook their heads, and gave them
to understand that they knew of none nearer
than two days journey up the country. It was
in vain, therefore, to continue their purfuit;
they, like Tafman's people, dug wells, but
the water they came at was not drinkable.
Thus disappointed, (if a disappointment it may
be called) when they could not but know (the
officers at leaft) that Tafman had searched the
island before, and had apprized future naviga-
tors that they might spare themfelves the trou-
ble of seeking for water, for on these islands
none was to be had, the party sent out on this
service returned on board.

On these islands the virtue of chaftity has
not yet taken place. The women, though lefs
inviting, are not lefs willing to gratify ftrangers
with all they can deſire. But it ſhould ſeem
from their remarkable popuſhneſs, that their
domestic concerns are under better regulations
among

64 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

among themselves than has yet been observed
among the islanders, whom our voyagers had
lately left.

Nothing can be a stronger indication of fe-
male constancy than a numerous offspring;
and as these people, it is probable, have never
but once before been visited by European in-
truders; their persons may be pure, and their
morals uncorrupted, so far at least as respects
their nearest connections.

As to the complexion of these islanders, it
is swarthy inclining to a footy black, their fea-
tures are not disagreeable, rather small than
mafsculine, their teeth white and even, their
eyes small, and their noses rather flat than pro-
minent; but in that, as among us, they differ
confiderably; the make of their faces is in ge-
neral round, and their ears large and long; the
beards of some appear to be shorn, which
seems a mark of distinction among the chiefs,
probably, the symbol of priesthood; but of
that our journalists do not pretend to deter-
mine.

The articles of traffic on which they seemed
to get the greatest value, were pieces of linen
cloth, white paper, scarlet shreds, and painted
cottons. Nails, sciffs, knives, beads, and
iron in all forms, bore a good price; for these
they would part with whatever their country
produced, natural or artificial; some of their
cloth

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 65

cloth seemed to be made, like the cloth of Otaheite, of the bark of a tree, and had the appearance of paper; another kind, made of India-grafs, was very strong, and looked like fine matting; but their baskets were most admired by our journalists, who think they cannot be equalled in the universe; they are made in a thousand different shapes, and all so close and compact, as to hold water as tight as a caulk. Their working tools, their proas or canoes, which differ from all others in being deck'd at both ends with flat boards; their nets for catching fish, their fish-hooks, and their domestic utensils, their arms, and in short all their mechanical inventions are each so curiously made and polished, that it would require the utmost skill of an European artificer to excell them.

As these islands have never before been visited by any European vessel since their first discovery by Tafman, one hundred and thirty three years ago, and as Tafman's account of them is curious and in few hands, the reader, it is presumed, will not be disappointed with a transcript of it from Mr. Dalrymple's Historical Collection of Dutch Voyages to the South Pacific ocean, where alone it is preserved with the greatest accuracy: " These two islands, says the writer, bear N. E. and S. W. from one another, that to the southward was the

K

highest,

66 CAPT. COOKE's SECOND VOYAGE

highest, the northernmost being flattest almost like Holland. At noon a prauw came along side, with three tawney men of a feature something above the common; one with his hair cropt, the other two wearing it long; they had only a small covering round their waists; their prauw was narrow, but with a deck fore and aft, and their paddles of the common length, but the blades with which they paddled were broad in the middle.

"Having shewn a piece of linen to them, we toffed it overboard, at which one of them divided and remained a long time under water, but brought it up, and when he was got into the prauw, waved it several times over his head by way of rejoicing.

"Afterwards, on their prauw's coming nearer to us, we threw them a bit of wood, with two large nails tied to it, and handed to them a small chinese looking-glafs, together with a chain of chinese beads, which they took hold of by means of a long pole, and in return tied to it some of their fishing-hooks, which were made of a kind of mother of pearl.

"Some of them laid the beads, the looking glafs, and the chain upon their heads, and he in the middle tied the nails about his neck.

"We handed another looking-glafs to the islanders, in which they could see themselves, the first being covered with a thin fort of board which

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 67

which could be drawn out; this they likewife
very joyfully laid on their heads.

" We also shewed to them a cocoa-nut, and
a fowl, and from the vocabulary of Schouten
asked the Indians about water, hogs, &c. but
neither understood one another; however they
pointed towards the shore, as if they would go
and bring something, and accordingly paddled
away.

" In the afternoon our people law a confider-
able number of men running along fhore with
little white flags, which ours took for ensigns
of peace, and anfswered them by hoifting a
white enſign; on which came on board in a
prauw four ſtout fellows, with their bodies
painted black from the navel to the thighs,
and their necks decorated with leaves hanging
down from it; they brought with them a ſort
of garment made of rind of trees, and likewife
a ſmall white flag, which they placed in the
prow of our boat. One of the prauw's wings
being embellifhed with variety of ſhells and
other marine productions, our people conceiv-
ed it to belong to the king, or chief of the
country, and prefented him with a Chineſe
looking-glafs, a knife, a bit of callico, and
ſome nails.

" Our people, the better to please them,
drank a glafs of wine to them, then gave them

K 2

a rum-

68 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

a rummer-full, which they emptied, and carried the rummer away with them.

“ Soon after came a number of prauws, some of which brought ten or twelve cocoa nuts, for which our people bartered nails; some even fwam off to the ships with cocoa nuts.

“ Afterwards came an aged man on board, who, amidst all the reverence paid him by the others, faluted our people, bowing down his head to his very feet; and we were not wanting to return the compliment, making him besides a present of several trinkets.

“ Some, however, at going away betrayed a thievish dispoſition, and towards evening not leſs than twenty prauws came about Taſman's ſhip, making a great outcry of Whor, whor, whor, and brought on board a hog with some cocoa nuts and yams, for which we gave them a wooden diſh and some copper wire, and afterwards exchanged beads and nails for some cocoa nuts, plantains, and yams.

“ On its growing dark they all went away, except one who ſtaid on board all night.

“ On the 22d of January, several men and women, young and old, came on board with all kinds of provisions.

“ The oldeſt of the women wanted the little finger of both hands, which was not the caſe of the younger, and our people could not come at the cauſe of this mutilation.

On

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 69

“ On the fame day came again on board the
before-mentioned old man with fome prefents,
which we returned with a fattin gown, a fhill,
and a hat. At noon we had alongfide thirty-
two small prauws, and a large one with a fail
and feveral men and women, who brought
refreshments and fome unknown vegetables,
likewise a garment made of rind.

“ To the chief of eighteen robust men and their wives, Tafman made a prefent of a pair of breeches and a fhill, with which, on putting them on, he fancied himself wonderfully fine.

“ Among thefe was a very large man having
a St. Thomas's arm, and a woman with fome-
thing of a natural beard.

“ Our trumpeter and fidler played feveral
tunes, at which they expreſſed great ſurprife.
The old man having by ſigns given them to
underſtand, that they might have water for
fetching, thereupon Tafman, ſent his boats for
that purpofe.

“ In each long-boat went a mate, and with
them ſkipper Ide Tjerkzoon Holman, and
merchant Gilſeman in the barge. All our
people were likewife well armed, though by
the friendlines of the natives this precaution
feemed unnecessary.

“ After rowing a pretty way, our people came
to the north-east ſide of the island, where at
length

70 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

length they met with three little pools, out of
which they were obliged to take up the water
with a cocoa-nut shell; but what was still
worse, it proved not worth taking up.

"On this the islanders conducted our people farther up the country, and indeed to a most pleasant place, where they feated them under a very tightly *belay* on mats of a very delicate texture, and variety of beautiful colours, treating them with two cocoa nuts, one for the chief, and one for our skipper.

"In the evening our people returned on board with a hog, and an account that no water was to be had; they however made so good a day's work of it as to get forty pigs, feventy fowls, and vegetables in abundance, for a few nails, a little fail-cloth, and other trifles.

"Smoaking tobacco is not known here. The women from the waist to the knees wear a covering of matted leaves, but all the other parts of the body are naked, and their hair shorter than that of the men: the latter have a beard three or four fingers broad, with whiskers kept carefully under a quarter of an inch in length. There being likewife no appearance of weapons among these people, ours were the least apprehensive of any disturbance.

"The day following, going ashore to dig for water, we met with much better entertainment,

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 78
ment, excellent fish, milk, and fruits, and in
every respect their whole behaviour was very
courteous and friendly.

" Our people farther bartered with the
inlanders for a considerable quantity of pigs
and fowls; but in the afternoon, the ground
being loose, the trade-wind drove the ships out
to sea, but at night got safe again into conveni-
ent anchorage."

Whilft they anchored here they alſo discover-
ed two high but very ſmall iſlands, not above
a mile or a mile and a half in circumference,
about ſeven or eight miles to the north-weſt.
Alſo a whole cluſter of little iſlands in almoſt
every direction, and among others one about
a degree to the ſouthward, where they found
plenty of fine water, and every other neceſſary
for the ſhip's uſe. This iſland they named Rot-
terdam; at which our voyagers ſeem not to
have touched.

On the 7th of October our voyagers un-
moored, and in ſo doing the Refolution loſt her
ſtream anchor.

On the 8th they came in fight of the iſland of
Pyllſtaert, discovered likewife by Tafman, bear-
ing to S. W. diſtance about nine or ten leagues,
courſe S. S. W. and S. by W. ſteering for New-
Zealand; at fix ſhortened ſail and killed two
large ſharks.

Nothing

72 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

Nothing remarkable till the 15th, when in
lat. 30 deg. 15 min. they saw some egg-birds,
and sea-birds, certain signs of land near, which
proved to be New Zealand.

On the 16th killed three albatrosses and
some egg-birds. At seven in the evening
shortened sail.

On the 17th continued to see sea-weeds;
and saw also some small birds that never fly
far from land, probably some island lying off
the northermost point of New Zealand.

On the 18th, course S. S. E. fine pleafant
weather, saw some white birds, sea-weed, and
albatrosses. Lat. 33 deg. 47 min.

On the 19th the Resolution had outrun the
Adventure considerably. The weather, which
had hitherto been clear and mild, now began
to alter. The bread-fruit on board being all
expended, the steward began serving out bif-
cuit as usual to the ship's company. Latitude
35 deg. 59 min.

On the 21st came in fight of New Zealand.
The Adventure being a great way a-fern,
shortened sail, and the Resolution joined com-
pany. At fix passed Portland Island, and saw fe-
veral people on the top of it. About ten the wind
shifted to N. W.—Course W. S. W. At eleven
the wind shifted to the N.—Course W. At
twelve, course W. S. W. ran along shore all
night.

On

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

On the 22d at five in the morning made sail,
wind at N. W. course S. S. W. At fix steered
S. by W. all fails set. At ten about eleven
leagues to the northward of Charlotte Sound,
there came off three canoes, one of which was
curiously carved from head to stern. The
figure that formed the head had some resemblance
of a griffin. On board of this canoe
was a chief with a weapon in his hand like a
ferjeant's halbert, who, after some ceremonies
had passed, came on board, and was saluted
by the Captain of the Resolution, and the
other gentlemen. The head of this Chief was
curiously tatowed, and his hair was finely or-
mented with feathers; it was tied, as their custom
is, in a knot on the top of his head; and
the feathers of various colours were plaited all
round in a very neat and elegant manner.
Their chief pride seems to conift in ornament-
ing their hair. After admiring the wonderful
structure of the ship, being shewn the cabin,
the hold, the gun-room, and the other conveniences
between decks, he next took a survey of the rigging,
the mafts, fails, and ropes,
and the dexterous manner of handling them.
On being shewn so many novelties, he could
not help expreffing his aftonifhment by a variety
of gestures. At length, being defirous
of departing, the Captain prefented him with
some cocks and hens, and gave him also a
boar

74 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

boar and a sow, and made him understand,
that if he preferred them alive, they would
run into the woods, and would want no attendance,
but would breed, and become numerous,
and go in companies.

About twelve he took his leave, and by way
of expressing the pleasure he had received,
began a war song, in which he was joined by
his attendants, who performed all the motions
and gestures by which these people challenge
their enemies to fight, an account of which
has already been given by Parkinson and
others. The weather was now dry, the sea
calm, and the wind at W. S. W.—Courtse to
South. At three in the afternoon, the Resolution
being three leagues from land, the gale
freshened, and suddenly shifted to the west;
the fails being set, it presently carried away the
foretop-gallant-mast, and split the mizzen-top-
fail. All hands were called up, and employed
in reefing the top-fails, taking down the miz-
zen, and getting another up. Lay off and on
all night; but in the morning had parted from
the Adventure, and never joined again till their
arrival in England.

On the 23d wore ship, and ftood in for land.
Close reefed fore and main-topfails, and hand-
ed them. Blow'd a hurricane, attended with
prodigious heavy showers; but about nine the
wind blew moderate, and the rains ceased.

Hoisted

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 75

Hoisted a new top-gallant-maft, and about eleven fhook out all reefs. About fix it again began to blow a fstorm. Wind at weft. Lay to all night.

On the 24th, a fti ff gale, wind W. N. W. At nine cloſe reefed fore and main-topfails, and got the top-gallant-yard down. At eleven got fight of the Adventure at a great diſtance on the lee bow. At two in the afternoon fhook out the third reefs of fore and main-maſt-top-fails; at four cloſe reefed them, and handed the mizzen-topfail. At ten at night, little wind and a great ſwell.

On the 25th in the morning moderate wea-
ther, but cloudy. Wind at N.—Courſe Weſt.
About five all reefs out, topfails fet, mizen-
topfail ſingle reefed. At fix blowed hard; at
ſeven double reefed fore and main-topfails,
and cloſe reefed mizen-topfails. Wind at W.
Courſe S. W. At nine handed fore and main-
topfails. At half paſt nine handed foreſail and
mainſail, and hove her to on her bare poles.
Blowed extremely hard. Wind at W. S. W.
Latitude at noon 41 deg. 12 min. Split mizen
and mizen-ſtayfail. At two in the morning
the gale ceaſed.

The 26th moderate and hazy. Latitude at
noon 42 deg. 17 min. At two in the after-
noon fet main-top-gallant-fail. Little wind.

L 2

About

76 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

About eleven at night sprung up a breeze
at N. W.

The 27th stiff gale at N. W. At noon
Cape Palliser bore weft half north, distance
about two leagues. Latitude at noon 41 deg.
15 min. At one was only two miles to the
northward of the entrance of Cook's Streights,
(the opening to Charlotte Sound, the place to
which they were bound.) No fight of the
Adventure. At seven in the evening handed
topfails. Blowed hard. Wind at W. N. W.
At eight wore ship off shore. At twelve wore
ship.

The 28th at four in the morning wore ship,
and set close reefed topfails. Could juft see
Cape Palliser a great distance to the windward.
At eight wore ship.—Wind at N. W. Course
W. S. W. Saw the Adventure lying to. La-
titude at noon 42 deg. 14 min. Handed the
topfails and mainfail, and hove her to under
forefail and mizen stayfail. Split the mizen.
At three in the afternoon wore ship, and set
close reefed fore and main-topfails. At four
set main-top-mast-stayfail. Wind at N. At
twelve at night wind at N. by E. Course
N. W. by W. lefs wind, and clear weather.

The 29th fhook out the second and third
reefs of fore and main-topfails. Set mizen-
topfail, single reefed middle-stayfail and jibb.
Saw several water spouts. At seven carried

away

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 77

away the gibb-stay. At half past seven shook
out one reef of fore-and-main-top-fails, and
got top-gallant-yards up. At eight fet fore-
and-main-top-gallant-fails, and made for Cape
Palliser. Lat. at noon 41 deg. 45 min. At
two fet main top-gallant-stay-fail. Fine clear
weather and smooth water. Adventure a
great distance aftern. Wind at N. At nine
in the evening the wind shifted to the W.
Course S. W.

The 30th at five in the morning it blowed
a hurricane from the N. W. At eight Cape
Campbell bore N. W. distance twelve or thir-
teen leagues. The snowy mountains soon after
came in fight, bearing W. by N, fix or seven
leagues distance. At noon they were in lat. 24
deg. 14 min. S. with the wind at N. N. W.
their course W. They were now driven as
far to the southward of their deftined port as
they had before been labouring northward of
it; and though they had been once within two
miles of the Straits, they were now many
leagues diffant from it. The gale still con-
tinuing, they began to look for some harbour,
to take shelter till the weather should prove
more favourable; but they found the shore in
general craggy, the land mountainous, and the
hills already covered with snow. At three
founded about fix miles from the land. Found
35 fathom water. At four fet fore and main-
top-fails,

78 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

top-fails, close reefed, and tacked ship and
stood off. Wind at N. Course E. N. E. At
eight blown hard, and split the fore-top-mast-
stay-fail.

The 31st no fight of the Adventure, nor of
the land. Still blowing hard. At fix in the
morning wore ship to stand in for the land.
Lat. at noon by observation 42 deg. 18 min.
At seven in the evening hard gales at N. by
W. handed fore-fail and main-fail, and hove
her too with her head to the westward under a
mizen-fstay-fail. At eleven came to fail.

Nov. 1st, at four in the morning, got fore
and main-top-gallant-yards up. At half after
four carried away the main-top-gallant-yard
in the flings. At five set studding fails fore
and aft, and got up another main top-gallant-
yard. Lat. at noon 41 deg. 52 min. At
three in the afternoon Cape Cambell, the
southerly point of land, as Cape Palliser is
the northerly point, which two points form the
entrance of Cook's Straits, bore S. W. distance
about two leagues. At four the wind shifted
to the N. N. W. At five little wind. At fix
a stiff breeze at N. W. Charlotte Sound was
now not more than ten or eleven leagues dif-
tant.

On the 2d at five in the morning stood in
to the Sound with a brisk gale at N. W. by W.
to look for a safe place to anchor. Saw a
small

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 79

small entrance or bay a little to windward. About noon ftood cloſe into land, and anchored in twelve fathom water, black fandy clay. While they lay here, ſeveral canoes came along ſide; ſome of the Indians appeared to be the fame who came off from land on the 22d paſt, as has been already related. They brought dried fish with them, and five of them ventured on board, to whom the Captain made preſents. Being very defirous of introducing a breed of hogs and poultry upon the iſland, among other things of leſs value the Captain gave them another ſow and boar and ſome cocks and hens. He alſo gave them a parcel of yams, and ſhewed them the manner of planting them. About three in the afternoon they weighed, and ſteered along ſhore through the Straits, and about eight in the evening anchored in the mouth of Charlotte Sound.

On the 3d at five in the morning they weighed, and came to fail; and about eleven moored ſhip in a convenient birth to wood and water. They had hardly dropt anchor before ſeveral canoes came with fish to ſell, which the crew purcſaſed, as uſual, at very eafey rates.

On the 4th all hands were employed in getting the tents on ſhore, for the uſe of the different artificers who were to be employed in repairing the damage the ſhip had received in

fuck

80 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

such a perilous navigation. It can scarce be
credited by any but a failor, that a ship could
be toffed to and fro for twelve or fourteen
days together in getting into a strait not lefs
in width than the channel that divides Eng-
land from France; and that, notwithstanding
they were almost every day in fight of it, they
should be unable to reach it with the utmost
exertion of their skill in seamanship. Yet so
it was with the Resolution; and much worse
with the Adventure, as will soon be made ap-
pear.

[But here, if a bye-stander may be permitted
to make a remark, it seems not very easy to
assign a reason for Capt. Cooke's return to
New-Zealand, after having already visited that
country, and after having, in the height of
winter, that is, about the middle of June, run
as far as the 48th degree of southern lati-
tude, and after continuing in that course, with
some variation to the northward, till the 29th
of June, at which time we find him in the
43d degree of southern latitude, and in the
197th degree of eastern longitude, more than
23 degrees to the eastward of Cape Palliser;
in which latitude of 43, with still a little varia-
tion to the northward, he seems to have con-
tinued his course till the 15th of July, when
we find him in the latitude of 42 degrees,
and in the longitude of 223 deg. 23 min. E.

no

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 81

no lefs than 47 degrees to the eastward of
Cape Palliser; so that having now failed in
an unfrequented sea farther by many degrees
to the southward than any navigator had ever
before attempted, and even beyond where any
of them supposed the northern coast of a con-
tinent to lie, there did not seem any absolute
neCESSITY for him to retrace what he himself
had already examined; nor indeed to retrace
the course which Tafman had pointed out
from New-Zealand to the tropical islands
which he discovered, one of which was most
unquestionably the island which Commodore
Byron discovered, and called by the name of
King George's Island, unless his rout was set-
tled at home before he set out, and he was
confined to that rout. And indeed, what
seems to render the motives of this navigation
still more obscure, is, that Capt. Cooke does
not seem to have made any efforts towards
any new discovery in his track from Otaheite
to New-Zealand, but to have contented him-
fself with visiting the islands of Middleburg
and Amsterdam, as they lay in a manner full
in his way, and as they helped to recruit his
stock of fresh provisions.

If the opinion of Dr. Campbell, the editor
of the last edition of Harris's Collection of
Voyages, may be allowed any weight in this
question, the islands of Rotterdam, Middle-

M

burg,

82 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

burg, and Amsterdam, of which islands a def-
cription has just been given, are the most hap-
pily situated of any in the world, for making
new discoveries, particularly the former, which
is said to be a perfect paradise, abounding in
every thing that voyagers can possibly want,
and having plenty of fresh water, which article
alone can be had at New-Zealand, wood and
wild cellery excepted; the supplying of which
is the only oftenible reason that can be assigned
for the return of the ships to New-Zealand.

But it should seem that navigating those un-
frequented seas farther than any navigator had
ever before attempted, would by no means
content Captain Cooke; who, in order to pre-
clude all future conjectures concerning an ima-
ginary continent, has carried his discoveries to
the most verge of southern latitude, beyond
which, it may be presumed, no succeeding
navigator will ever attempt to extend his en-
quires. At his first setting out from the Cape
of Good Hope, he ran as far to the southward
as was practicable, as we have already related.
We have traced him returning to a practicable
parallel of latitude, namely, between the 48th
and 50th degrees S. and in those parallels have
accompanied him 175 degrees eastward. We
shall hereafter observe him, after having run
180 degrees of longitude, or half the extent of
the Southern Hemisphere, still running farther

to

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 83

to the South than he had reached in his first
run from the Cape; and we shall endeavour to
point out the sequel of his track with as much
exactness as we have traced the beginning.

That New-Zealand is one of the most pro-
per stations that can be chosen from whence to
proceed on discoveries to the southward, not-
withstanding what we have before observed from
Campbell, is not to be denied; for beginning
the longitude from the meridian of London,
and pursuing it in a parallel between 47 and 48
degrees of southern latitude, in an easterly di-
rection, when half the southern hemisphere is
nearly passed, the navigator will find himself
within fight of the South Cape of New-Zealand;
but as that would be an improper climate to
winter in, what has he to do but to bear down
to Charlotte Sound, a safe harbour, in a middle
climate, where he is neither in fear of being an-
noyed by the intense heats of the summer, nor
frozen up by the rigorous cold of the winter;
and where in the winter he may prepare him-
fself by refitting his ship, and getting provisions
from the warmer climates, for pursuing his dif-
coveries in the other half of the Southern He-
misphere early in the summer.

That this was, in part, the plan which Cap-
tain Cooke had in view, appears from his pro-
gres, but still the main objection recurs, why,
(when discovery was his only object) fail so

M 2

many

84 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

many hundred leagues in a known track as
from Otaheite to New-Zealand, without de-
viating either to the right hand or to the left
in search of what he was sent abroad to find?
It may, indeed, be urged, that the spring was
already so far gone before he left the Society
isles, that there was but barely time enough
remaining to reach the deftined port, before the
proper season for beginning his southerly dif-
coveries commenced. This indeed appears to
be true, but why go to the Society Islands at all?
They were already sufficiently known, and there
was an immense tract of unfrequented ocean to
the north-westward of New-Zealand to examine,
where no ship has ever yet failed; and where
no doubt there are many islands equally large,
equally fruitful, and where the inhabitants are
equally hospitable with those of Otaheite. In
this purfuit, supposing the worst, that no such
island had been found, the ships, in that case,
might have directed their course to the island
of Rotterdam, where Tafman found every
thing so abundant, and the inhabitants so ready
to supply his wants, that the fear of a disap-
pointment could have no weight; his motive,
therefore, for purfuing his discoveries in the
winter of 1773, to the south-eastward, east-
ward, north-eastward, and afterwards to the
westward to arrive at Otaheite, among the
well known islands there, rather than to range
the

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 85

the happier climates to the north-westward,
westward, northward and north eastward of
New-Zealand, remains to be accounted for;
for we confess we can see no reason for his pur-
fuing an easterly course for more than 45 de-
grees beyond the parallel of 41 degrees, in
1733, and afterwards purfuing the same easter-
ly course for more than 90 degrees in the fum-
mer of 1774, beyond the parallel of 50 de-
grees; nay for the greatest part of the way be-
yond the parallels of 60, and 64, and some
part even beyond the 70th degree.

But to return from this digression, which the
distresses that both ships experienced on reco-
vering Charlotte-Sound on the coast of New-
Zealand gave occasion to, we shall leave the
Resolution safely anchored in Charlotte-Sound,
and take up the Adventure where the two ships
parted company.

On the 22d of October being in lat. 40 deg,
15 min. and in long. 176 deg. 30 min. E. the
wind blowing hard, the Adventure brought to
under the fore fail, main and mizen stay fails.

On the 24th they got fight of the Refolu-
tion about eleven in the forenoon three or
four leagues to leeward. At two in the after-
noon they wore ship, made fail, and bore down
to the Resolution. Lat. 41 deg. 31 min.
long. 175 deg. 28 E,

On

86 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

On the 25th the gale increased, with rain, and sudden squalls. About ten in the forenoon they handed the topails and courses; and at eleven brought to under the mizenstayfail. At noon latitude 42 deg. 16 min. long. 174 deg. 58 min. E.

On the 26th fresh gales, and cloudy weather. At four in the morning wore ship, and made fail. At night lost sight of the Resolution in lat. 42 deg. 33 min. long. 174 deg. 42 min.

On the 28th hard gales, and squally. At six in the morning they again got sight of the Resolution, bearing N. W. by W. distance about seven or eight miles. At eight they saw Cape Palliser, bearing N. W. by W. distance nine or ten leagues. At half past nine they wore ship. At three in the afternoon they wore ship, and made fail. Latitude at noon 42 deg. 18 min. long. 175 deg. 10 min.

On the 29th fresh gales and squally, with thunder, lightning, and rain. This day they imagined the Resolution had got into harbour, as they never saw her afterwards. Latitude at noon 42 deg. 24 min. S. longitude 175 deg. 49 min. E.

On the 30th, the rough weather continuing, at five in the morning they wore ship. At noon brought to under the main, fore, and mizen-stayfail; but at three in the afternoon, the

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 87

the weather being more moderate, they made fail; at five wore fhip; at fix they came in fight of Cape Pallifer, bearing N. W. by W. distance about seven or eight leagues. At half after eight wore fhip, and brought to. At ten they wore fhip; but before morning they were driven out of fight of land.

On the 31st, the weather still tempestuous, at nine in the morning they fet the forefail and main-topfail. At noon handed the main-topfail, wore fhip, furled the courfes, and brought to under the main and mizen-ftayfails. At three in the afternoon the weather became more moderate, they fet courfes and topfails, and at eleven at night wore fhip.

On the 1st of November the weather became more tempestuous.

On the 2d it thundered, lightned, and rain-ed. At five in the morning they came again in fight of land, Cape Pallifer bearing W. two-thirds N. distance about nine leagues. Their water being now almost exhaufted, and no prospect of making the deftined harbour, every man's allowance was reduced to one quart a-day.

On the 4th the weather became moderate; and being within a few miles of the shore, the Indians came off in their canoes, and brought craw-fish in great plenty, which were soon bought up by the fhip's crew.

On

88 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

On the 5th it blew a storm. At one in the morning they wore ship, handed the courses, and brought to. At seven Cape Palliser bore N. E. three-fourths N. distance not above five or fix miles; but after many ineffectual efforts to make Cooke's Straits, their water being nearly spent, and the men worn out with fatigue, the Captain found it expedient to make for Talaga-bay, to refresh and procure a supply.

On the 9th they came a-breaſt of that bay,
in lat. 38 deg. 22 min. S. long. 179 deg. E.
and at eleven in the forenoon anchored in 12
fathom water. Though little was to be ex-
pected here from the account given by Capt.
Cooke in his former voyage, yet the ſhip
was hardly moored when great numbers of
the natives came along ſide in their canoes,
but our journaliſt has left us to gueſs whether
they came to trade, or only to gratify their
curioſity. It was at an iſland in this bay
where the Endeavour's people obſerved the
largeſt canoe they met with during their
whole voyage, of which Mr. Parkinſon has
given a cut. It was, according to account,
no leſs than ſixty-eight feet and a half long,
ſive broad, and three feet ſix inches high; it
had a ſharp bottom, conſiſting of three trunks
of trees hollowed; of which that in the mid-
dle was the longeſt; the ſide planks were

ſixty-two

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 89

sixty-two feet long in one piece, and were
ornamented with carvings not unlike fillegree
work, in spirals of very curious workman-
ship, the extremities whereof were clofed with
a figure that formed the head of the vessel, in
which were two monstrous eyes of mother of
pearl, and a large heart-shaped tongue, and
as it defcended it still retained the figure of a
monster, with hands and feet carved upon it,
very neatly, and painted red. It had also a
high peaked stern, wrought in fillegree, and
adorned with feathers, from the top of which
depended two long ftreamers made of feathers,
which almost reached the water." From this
description one might be tempted to suppose
these canoes to be the vessels, and this to be
the Great Counrty lying to the south of which
Quiros received intelligence at Taumaco; and
where Toobia said they eat men, and had
such large ships that the English ship was small
in comparison. Be this as it may, our voy-
agers shortened their stay in this harbour, be-
ing impatient to join the Resolution in order
to continue the voyage.

On the 10th of November, the boats were
manned, and sent on shore for a supply of
wood and water; and a guard of marines was
ordered to accompany them in order to pro-
tect from insult the people employed on those
services. All the remaining part of the crew

N

were

90 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

were employed in stopping leaks, and repairing the rigging, which was now in a moft ruinous condition.

On the 11th having got on board a small supply, the weather tolerable, and the wind fair, they hoisted in the boats, unmoored, and at noon weighed and came to fea.

On the 12th hard gales and squalley with rain. At eight in the morning they bore up, but could make no way; so were again obliged to run into Talago-bay. At noon they came too, moored, and hoisted out the boats to increase their supply of wood and water.

The 13th they were employed as before.

On the 14th the furff ran so high that the boats could not make land.

The 15th was employed in getting on board more wood and water.

And on the 16th at three in the morning they unmoored, and before fix got under way and came to fea.

From this time to the 28th, nothing but tempestuous weather; in which their rigging was almost all blown to pieces; and the men quite worn down with fatigue.

On the 29th the water which they had obtained with so much labour before being nearly expended, they were again reduced to the scanty allowance of a quart per man a day.

On

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 91

On the 30th, by good providence, the wea-
ther becoming more moderate, they made
Cooke's Straits; and at three in the afternoon
cast anchor in Charlotte Sound.

The first enquiry they made was, Whether
any instructions had been left for them by the
Resolution; and upon examination, a letter
was found, importing, that the Resolution
had set sail fix days before, but as to any
other intimations it might contain, our jour-
nalist is altogether silent.

On the 1st of December the tents were
carried on shore, the sick landed, the ar-
mourers forge put up; and in short every
preparation made to refit the ship, and to re-
cover the numerous sick. Here the Indians
came on board with great familiarity, brought
fifth and what else they had to sell, and seemed
to behave with great civility, and to traffic
honestly; but this behaviour was but of short
duration.

On the 13th in the night a party of them
came down and robbed the astronomer's tent
of every thing they could carry away. This
they did so quietly, that they were not so
much as heard, or suspected, till the astrono-
mer getting up to take an observation, missed
his instruments, and charged the centinel with
being the robber. This brought on a pretty

N 2

severe

92 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

severe altercation, during which they spied an
Indian creeping from the tent, and Mr. Bailey fired at and wounded him, but he made
shift, notwithstanding, to run into the woods
and escape. The report of the gun had a-
larmed his companions, who likewise, instead
of taking to their canoe, fled into the woods,
leaving their boat with most of the things that
had been stolen, in it, a-ground upon the beach.
This it is more than probable laid the founda-
tion of that dreadful catastrophe which soon
followed.

On the 17th while they were preparing for
their departure, the large cutter, manned with
seven seamen, under the command of Mr.
John Roe, the first mate, accompanied by
Mr. Woodhouse, midshipman, and James To-
bias Swilley, the carpenter's servant, was sent
up the Sound to Grafs Cove, to gather greens
and wild celery.

At two in the afternoon the tents were
struck, every thing got on board, and the
ship made ready for failing the next day.
Night coming on, and no cutter appearing,
the captain and officers began to express great
uneasiness, fearing some treachery from the
savages. They sat up the whole night in ex-
pectation of her arrival; but to no purpose.
—At day-break, the captain ordered the long-
boat

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

boat to be hoisted out, and double manned,
with Mr. Burney, second lieutenant, Mr. Freeman,
master, the corporal of the Marines,
with five private men, all well armed, with
plenty of ammunition, two wall-pieces, and
three days provision. Thus equipped, about
nine in the morning they left the ship, and
rowed and failed for East Bay, keeping close
in shore, and examining every creek they
passed, to find the cutter: they continued
their search till two in the afternoon, when
they put into a small cove to dref's dinner.—
While that was getting ready, a company of
Indians were observed, seemingly very busy on
the opposite shore, upon which they left their
dinner, and rowed precipitately to the place
where the savages were assembled. Upon
their approach the Indians immediately fled;
they followed them closely to a little town,
which they found deferted, but while they
were employed in searching their huts, the
Indians returned, and made a shew of refight-
ance, but some trifling presents being made
their chiefs, they were very soon appealed.
However, on their return to the boat the fa-
vages again followed them, and some of them
threw stones. After they had dined they re-
newed their search, and at proper intervals
kept firing their wall-pieces, as signals to the

cutter,

94 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE
cutter, if any of her people should happen to
be within hearing.

About five in the afternoon they opened a
small bay, where they saw a large double ca-
noe, and a body of Indians hauling her up
upon the beach. They quickened their course
to come up with them, but the savages in-
stantly fled on seeing them approach, which
made them suspect that some mischief had
been done. On landing, the first thing they
saw in the canoe, was one of the cutter's row-
lock-boards, and a pair of shoes tied up to-
gether. On advancing farther up the beach,
they found several of their peoples baskets,
and saw one of their dogs eating a piece of
broiled flesh, which upon examining they
suspected to be human, and having found in
one of the baskets a hand, which they knew
to be the left hand of Thomas Hill, by the
letters T. H. being marked on it, they were
no longer in suspension about the event. They
purued the savages as far as was practicable;
but without successes. On their return they de-
stroyed the canoe, and continued their search.
At half after fix in the evening, they opened
Grafs-Cove, where they saw a great many In-
dians assembled on the Beach, and fix or seven
canoes floating in the surf; they fished in shore,
and as soon as the savages saw them, they re-
treated to a rising hill, close by the water-side.

The

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

The lieutenant being doubtful, whether their
retreat proceeded from fear, or a design to de-
coy them to an ambuscade, determined not to
be surprized, and therefore, running close in
shore, ordered the grappling to be dropped near
enough to reach them with the guns, but at
too great a distance to be under any apprehen-
sion from their treachery. In this position they
began to engage, taking aim, and determining
to kill as many of them as their guns could
reach. It was sometime before they dislodged
them; but, at length many of them being
wounded, and some killed, they began to dif-
ferse. The Lieutenant improved their panic,
and supported by the officers and marines, leapt
on shore, and purfued the fugitives. They had
not advanced far from the water side, before
they beheld the most horrible fight that ever
was seen by any European; the heads, hearts,
livers and lights of three or four of their peo-
ple broiling on the fire, and their bowels lying
at the distance of about six yards from the fire,
with several of their hands and limbs, in a
mangled condition, some broiled, and some
raw; but no other parts of their bodies, which
gave cause to suspect that the cannibals had
feasted and eaten all the rest. They observed
a large body of them assembled on a hill about
two miles distance; but night coming on,
they durst not advance to attack them; nei-
ther

96 CAPT. COOKE's SECOND VOYAGE

ther was it thought safe to quit the shore, to
take account of the number killed, their body
being but small, and the savages numerous and
fierce. They were armed with long lances, and
weapons, not unlike a ferjeants halbert in shape,
made of hard wood, and instead of iron,
mounted with bone. They could discover no-
thing belonging to the cutter, but one of the
oars, which was broken and stuck in the sand,
and the faftenings of the Indians canoes tied to
it. It was suspected that the dead bodies of
their people had been divided among the dif-
ferent parties of savages that had been con-
cerned in the massacre; and it was not im-
probable but that the party that was seen at a
distance, were feasting upon some of the others,
as those on the shore had been upon what were
found, before they were disturbed by the crew
of the long-boat; be that as it may, they
could discover no traces of more than four of
their bodies, nor could they tell where the fa-
vages had concealed the cutter. It was now
near night, and the Lieutenant not thinking
it safe to truft the crew in the dark, in an open
boat, within reach of such cruel barbarians,
ordered the canoes to be broken up and de-
ftroyed, and carefully collecting the remains
of their mangled companions, they made the
best of their way from this polluted place, and
got on board the ship before midnight. The
remains

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 97

remains of the bodies brought on board were
examined by the surgeon, but he could not
make out to whom they belonged; so they
were decently laid together, and with the
usual solemnity observed on board ships, com-
mitted to the sea.

From the account which the cannibals gave
of this massacre to Capt. Cooke on his third
visit to this island, there was reason to believe
that they had not only murdered the crew, but
made prize of the ship; and they gave it as a
reason for their outrage, that the strangers had
been the aggressors, and that some of their
countrymen had been first put to death with-
out provocation. This, there is no doubt, al-
luded to the Indian shot by the astronomer's
entry, as already related.

It was the 19th of December before the
Adventure could be in readiness to follow the
Resolution, who, on the 25th of November
fet sail from Charlotte Sound; and after
spending some time in a fruitless search after
the Adventure, took her departure from New
Zealand on the 26th, and pursued her voyage.

It was however the 22d before the Adven-
ture got clear of land; and then the cloaths
and effects of the ten men who were murdered
and eaten, were found before the mast, accord-
ing to the old sea custom.

O

Nothing

98 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

Nothing material happened till January the 1st, when strong gales and rainy weather came on, and when, by reason of the lofty seas, they were obliged to lye to. Towards night the violence of the gale abated, and the wind being at west, and their course S. S. E. they made fail, and proceeded on their voyage at a great rate.

On the 11th of January, being in latitude 58 deg. 17 min. S. and in long. 212 deg. E. they came in fight of several islands of ice. The thermometer 34 deg.

From the 12th of January till the 31st of the same month, it should seem that they proceeded nearly in the same course, steering to the eastward with half a point to the south, till on the 1st of February they found themselves in 61 deg. 20 min. S. and to the eastward of Cape Horn, which was no small pleasure to the common seamen, who having made no discovery in this long run, began to rejoice at the thoughts of soon seeing their own country, the dangers of discovery being now past. They were the more elated as thinking themselves the first who had ever passed Cape Horn in an easterly course; but in this they were mistaken.

On the 3d their allowance of provisions was augmented to the full complement, and their brandy to an allowance and a half, on account

of

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 99

of the severity of the weather, which, though
the summer was but just past its prime in that
hemisphere, was yet so severe that it froze
daily, with snow and fleet.

On the 26th of February they passed the meridian of London in lat. 54 deg. 24 min. S. and in surrounding the globe to the eastward, having gained a day, they altered their style, calling this the 27th. From this time to the 25th of March the weather proved rough and stormy; but the wind favouring, they continued their course to the Cape of Good Hope, and on the 17th came in fight of Table-bay, bearing east about ten or twelve leagues.

On the 19th of March they cast anchor at the Cape; and on the 13th of July about seven in the morning they came in fight of Plymouth, from whence they had taken their departure just two years before; and on the 15th anchored safe at Spithead.

Thus having traced the track of the Adventure, from her first setting out till her return, the reader will no doubt be impatient till we resume the thread of our narrative with respect to the Resolution, which we left safely moored in Charlotte Sound.

It was on Wednesday the 3d of November that the Resolution cast anchor in her former birth, being convenient for taking on board both wood and water. After the usual builohns

O 2

of

100 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

of landing tents, caſks, &c. &c. was over, and
the crew had time to make enquiries, they were
told that ſome ſtrange Indians had been there,
and had eaten all the goats, hogs, and poultry,
that the Captain had put on ſhore alive at his
laſt viſit to breed; and that they did not be-
lieve a ſingle one was to be met with in the
whole iſland.

On the 5th the copper oven was put on
ſhore for the bakers to bake bread for the
ſhip's uſe; the brewers were as fully employ-
ed in brewing beer for the fame purpofe; but
notwithſtanding the utmoſt vigilance of the
watch, the Indians found means to ſteal and
carry away ſeveral of the brewing utenſils,
which however were again recovered.

On the 6th a great many of them came
alongſide the ſhip, and brought ſeveral of their
weapons and curioſities to ſell; but were very
loth to diſpoſe of their battle-axes, on which
they ſeem to ſet the greatest value. Fifth too
they brought in abundance. As ſoon as they
had made their market they returned to ſhore,
and hauling their canoes up among the buſhes,
made a fire, and, as was ſuppoſed, dressed
what they had to eat.

While the bakers and brewers were em-
ployed on ſhore, the ſteward was no leſs busy
in examining the biscuit caſks on board, many
of which proved damp, and the bread in them

unſer-

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 101

unserviceable; that which was good was separated from the bad, and packed again in fresh cafsks; what was soft, but eatable, was sent ashore to be rebaked; and that which was utterly unfit for the mens use, was preserved to feed the hogs and fowls. Thus care was taken that nothing might be wasted; and that everything should be applied to its proper use.

In this survey of the ship's stores, the powder was found to be damp; it was necessary therefore that it should be carried ashore, and dried. The rats had been busy in the fail-room, and had eaten their way through and through the canvas. This was a grievous mis-fortune to the fail-makers, who had already employment more than sufficient to repair the rents torn by the weather. While in harbour here no portion of time was allowed for indul-gence; even Sunday was employed in re-bak-ing, packing, and stowing the bread, as this was judged a work of necessity, and therefore allowable in the strictest sense. But while the crew was thus kept to labour, the greatest attention was paid to their health: they had every day plenty of celery, scurvy-grafs, and other wholesome plants to boil with their pease, in which likewife a quantity of portable soup was always an ingredient.

After continuing here about three weeks, and no tidings of the Adventure, and all things

102 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

things being in forwardneſs to proceed to ſea,
the men had leave by turns to divert them-
felves on ſhore; but here the inducements
were wanting that made them to fond of land
at the Society Isles. The women, though not
ugly, are yet chafte; and it was as much as life
was worth for a ſailor to attempt the leaſt rude-
neſs to any of their wives, or even to their
daughters, without permiſſion. Few of the
common men therefore chose to wander among
the woods and deferts where nothing was to
be hoped, but much to be apprehended from
the treachery of the natives, who, friendly as
they may appear to be when awed by fear, are
not to be truſted when under no reſtraint.

A party of officers having one day made an
excursion to take a view of the country, and
to mark the manners and way of living of the
natives among themselves, called at a little
cove, a few miles from the shore where a
company of them generally lived, and found
them feasting on a man whom they had not
long before killed, as was apparent from the
freshneſs of the fleſh. They seemed not at
all disconcerted at the approach of the ſtran-
gers, but very civilly invited them by ſigns
to fit down and eat; and, as the greatest
dainty, they brought them the man's head
from the lower jaw upwards ready dressed,
which, as well may be ſuppoſed, they refused.

They

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 103

They then prefented the hafelet of the
man juft warmed, and making signs expref-
five of the favourineſs of the meat, preſſed
them to eat, and ſeemingly with ſome reſent-
ment that they did not. The gentlemen, how-
ever, though they declined eating, made signs
that they were not unwilling to pay for the
head, provided it would be no affront to them
to carry it away; to this they readily conſent-
ed, and the gentlemen brought the head on
board, with which they afterwards treated an
Indian-chief, who eat it greedily in prefence
of the whole ſhips crew; an incontestable proof
of their eating human ſelsh, if any had been
wanting to confirm the truth of ſo inhuman a
practice.

It may be worth remarking, as we do not
remember to have seen the fame thing noticed
by former voyagers, that all the teeth were miſ-
fing in the head purchafed by the officers, and
that they ſeem to fet a great value upon the
teeth, by wearing them either as trophies or
ornaments in their ears.

Being curious to know the reaſon of putting
the man to death, on whom they were found
ſeaſting, they gave the gentlemen to under-
ſtand, that they had lately been at war with
the North-Island Indians; that they had made
twenty of their enemies prifoners, whom they
kept alive in places of ſecurity; and that they

put

104 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

put them to death occasionally as they wanted
to make a feast.

For a description of their weapons of war,
as they have already been delineated in the
voyages to the Southern Hemisphere, by Eng-
lish navigators, we refer the reader to that
entertaining work. It may, however, be proper
just to mention that some of their pikes or
javelins are 36 feet long, and that they throw
these to a great distance with incredible force;
and that the weapon they use for close fight
being about three feet long, shaped not unlike
our bats, but with a broad back and sharp edge,
is so weighty as to cleave a man's skull at one
blow.

In the evening of the day the officers visit-
ed the country, they heard from the ship a
grievous yelling, which closed with the most
terrifying shrieks that any man on board ever
heard. Something of the fame kind had been
heard by former navigators; and as these
noises came at the close of the day from the
dark recesses of the woods, there is reason to
suppose, that the victims of their revenge, or
their depraved appetite, are then sacrificed to
their prevailing passion.

Our voyagers had now been in harbour from
the 3d of November to the 24th without know-
ing the fate of the Adventure. It was the
prevailing opinion among the seamen that she
must

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 105

muſt either have been wrecked or so much da-
maged as not to be able to proceed upon her
voyage; but the Captain was of another opi-
nion; he cauſed a letter to be written, and in-
closed in a bottle, directing his affociate what
course to ſteer, and to haſten his departure as
ſoon as his ſhip ſhould be in a condition to
proceed, and he cauſed the place where the
bottle was concealed to be engraven upon a
tree, which was not likely to be obſerved by
the natives, but could not eſcape the notice of
the ſhips company, when they came to exa-
mine the adjacent coaſt.

On the 24th, the Captain having previouſ-
ly landed ſome live animals on an unfrequent-
ed part of the country, where they were not
likely to be diſcovered by the Indians, with a
view to their multiplying for a ſupply to ſu-
ture navigators, gave orders for all his people
to come on board; to unmoor, and to prepare
to fail; and here it may not be improper to
obſerve, that a complaint having been made
by a native againſt one of the failors, and that
complaint, upon examination, being found juſt,
he cauſed the man to be puniſhed in the fight
of the Indian, and to receive twelve ſevere
laſhes.

On the 25th they weighed and came to fail,
but the wind fetting full into the ſtrait, it was
night before they cleared the channel.

P

Next

106 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

Next day they spent in looking for the Ad-venture, firing guns every half hour as they proceeded with an easy fail along shore, and narrowly viewing every inlet, in order to dif-cover the remains of the wreck, if any disafter of that kind had happened to her, and to give relief to the distressed crew, if any remained alive; but the guns not being answered, nor any appearance of a wreck to be seen, and only a smoke to be observed, which upon examination was found to proceed from a fire kindled by the natives; the wind proving fair, the weather fine, and a brisk breeze springing up in the evening, they took leave of the island and proceeded on their voyage with a full fail.

On the 27th a stiff gale from N. N. W. carried away the main top-mast-stay-yard, which was soon restored, and they jovially continued their course to the S. S. E. being in high spirits and full allowance. Lat. at noon 43 deg. 28 min. S.

As a voyage in an unfrequented sea, where no new object presented themselves to vary the scene, can afford but little entertainment to the generality of readers, we shall just preserve so much of the nautical manœuvres as minutely to mark the track which the Resolution pursued, that the intelligent reader may be enabled to judge what foundation there still remains,

for

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 107

for fuppoſing a southern continent to exift,
though yet undifcovered.

It is indeed to be regretted that our journa-
lift has rather been deficient in noting the lon-
gitude from day to day, in like manner as he has
done the latitude, but that defect may be in a
great meaſure ſupplied by comparing the
course with the latitude, and ſuppoſing a me-
dium for the ſhip's caſting in any given time,
deducible from the time, and the ſpace between
the periods, where the longitude is accurately
recorded. This much being here thought ne-
ceſsary to premife we ſhall now proceed.

On the 28th the weather continuing fine,
and the wind dying away, they made but little
progreſs. Some of the people on the watch
ſaw the trunk of a tree floating by the ſhip, and
ſaw likewife two large ſeals. As theſe were ſigns
of land, they concluded that ſome iſlands ad-
joining to the easternmoſt extremity of New-
Zealand could not be far off.

29. Little wind and fair weather. The latitude at noon 44 deg. 29 min. S. At two o'clock in the afternoon, a fresh breeze Sprung up at W. S. W. which shifted to the S. W. and cauſed a great head ſea.

30. The gale continued. At noon lat. 45 deg. 50 min. The wind at Weſt, and the course as before. Saw two Port Egmont hens.

P 2

Dec.

108 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

Dec. 1, 1773. This day a stiff gale at W. by S. Course S. S. E. Saw a seal, two penguins, and a great deal of sea weed; certain indications of land at no great distance. Lat. 47 deg. 5 min. S.

2. The weather foggy, with small rain. Wind S. S. W. Course S. E. by S. Lat. at noon, 48 deg. 23 min. S. About four the wind shipped to W. N. W. Here they altered their course and steered South. Sea weeds, and flocks of birds still in fight.

3. Wind N. W. by N. Course South. Lat. at noon 48 deg. 56 min. S. Signs of land still continue.

4. No observation, the weather mifty. Wind at S. E. Course S. S. W. probably to examine if any land lay to the westward, from the strong signs observed for several days before.

5. The weather cleared up. Breeze S. E. Course S. S. W. Lat. at noon, 50 deg. 14 min. Fine dry weather. Wind shifted E. S. E. Course S. Saw one seal, and several albatrosses, and heard the cry of penguins at no great distance, but saw no land. The ships company still in health, except some who were not yet cured of the Otaheite maladies,

6. Fine clear weather but cold; and being in lat. 51 deg. 30 min. and long. 180 E. just under

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 109

under London Bridge, as our journalist ob-
ferves, they tapped their last cask of beer,
and drank health to the King and Royal Fa-
mily, and to all their good friends in Eng-
land. In the midft of their merriment, a
piece of wood, feemingly wrought and shaped
like a trunnel, paffed the ship, which not a
little surprifed them.

7. At four o'clock in the morning the wind at North. Course S. S. E. Came in fight of ice; and the weather being piercing cold, though in the very height of summer, served some GROG to the ship's company. Lat. at noon, 53 deg. 8 min. S. In this day's run paffed a surprifingly large feal asleep upon the water, and saw fea weed; but no land.

8. It blowed hard, with rain. Piercing cold. Saw several albatrosses, and two penguins. Wind W. N. W. Course S. S. E. Lat. at noon, 55 deg. 44 min. Shipped several heavy seas. Split the fore-top-fail, and bent another. At twelve at night hove too with the ships head to the westward.

9. At four in the morning bore away with a strong gale at N. W. Course S. S. E. This day, by the Doctor's order, served pickled cabbage to the ship's company. Lat. at noon 57 deg. 27 min. Blowed a storm. At half after seven in the evening hove the ship too.

At

110 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

At twelve made fail, and steered E. S. E.
Wind S. by W.

10. Thick weather, attended with wind, snow, and hail. Excessive cold and raw. Lat. at noon, by calculation, 59 deg. 10 min. A heavy sea ran from S. S. W. Course S. S. E. Little or no night.

11. Hard gales with small rain; and sometimes squalls with hail. Lat. at noon 60 deg. 47 min. Wind at W. S. W. Course as before.

12. A stiff gale. About two in the morning came in fight of a large body of ice; at half after four failed close by it. Lat. at noon 62 deg. 17 min. Wind N. W. Course E. S. E.

13. A great fall of snow, and a strong gale from N. by W. Lat. at noon 63 deg. 30 min. At four in the afternoon hauled up to E. N. E. Wind at N.

14. A fresh gale at N. W. Course E. S. E. Saw a monstrous large island of ice a-head. Lat. at noon 65 deg. 6½ min. Eight or ten islands of ice in fight, and bitter cold.

15. About two in the morning passed the large island of ice, computed to be three miles in circumference, and 60 feet above the level of the sea. At five the ice came so thick about the ship that she was unable to proceed either

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 111

III

either to the southward or eastward; they
were therefore obliged to tack ship, in order
to get clear. Here the ice islands pre sent-
ed a most romantic prospect of ruined castles,
churches, arches, steeples, wrecks of ships,
and a thousand wild and grotesque forms
of monsters, dragons, and all the hideous
shapes that the most fertile imagination can
possibly conceive. About these islands the
penguins are heard continually screaming,
and add to the horror of the scene, which
cannot be beheld by the most intrepid with-
out some emotions of fear. Lat. at noon 66
deg. 4 min. A stiff gale, attended with hail
and snow.

16. The weather having cleared up, and the sea become calm, they sent the boats out to bring in ice, as had been practised before in the same latitude, in order to lengthen out their stock of water; for though they were in possession of Dr. Irvin's Apparatus for making salt water fresh at sea, and though they made frequent use of it, distilling sometimes forty gallons a day, yet this natural distillation (if it may be so called) from the clouds, was so much preferable, that the first was only made use of to supply the animals on board, while the other was preferred by the chiefest officers. While this service was performing, the ship lay to; but a sudden gale coming

on

112 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

on before the boats were half loaded, they
were glad to get a-board with their lives; but
not without considerable damage to the boats.
This day they saw a large whale at a distance;
but the breeze freshening they soon lost fight
of her.

17. The wind varying N. by W. and N. N. W. they made fail and steered N. E. by E. in order to clear the ice. But the wind dying away and the sea appearing calm, they hoisted out the pinnace as well as the boats, and renewed the labour of watering the ship with ice with double ardour. It had been found very grievous to those who had been obliged to plunge their hands in the sea to lift up the loose ice; and therefore the Captain furnished the people who manned the boats with pick-axes, sledge hammers, and double-headed hatchets, to cleave it and break it from the solid bodies that floated on the waves. This, though the labour was hard, was much more tolerable than lifting the pieces out of the water; and was perfomed with more chearfulneſs, especially as every man was encouraged with a dram when he went out, and rewarded with another when he returned.

During the morning this labour was con-
tinued without intermiſſion; but in the after-
noon a fall of snow came on, the like of which
we can form no idea of in this part of the
world.

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 113

world. Our journalist's words are, " that the
" flakes of snow were larger than goose's fea-
" thers, and fell so thick that from the quar-
" ter-deck we could not see our boltsprit."
For a while it ceased; but then again it fell
by handfulls, and filled the ships decks so sud-
denly that double the men on board with all
their efforts could not have cleared them as
fast as it fell. The rigging too was so enlarg-
ed with ice and snow that the running-tackle
was rendered altogether uselesstill the storm
abated. Their latitude at noon was 64 deg.
30 min. and the pinnace and boats being for-
tunately hoisted on board before the fall came
on, they continued their course E. N. E. with
the wind at N. by W.

18. This day our journalist notes the longi-
tude for the second time since the ship's de-
parture from New Zealand, and rates it at
207 degrees East. The latitude the same as
the day before nearly. Here he particularly
enlarges upon the hardships the poor sailors
suffer in searching for land where nothing is
to be seen but sea and ice, where iceicles fre-
quently hang to the noles of the men more
than an inch long; where the frost is some-
times so severe as to freeze the very breath
upon their cloaths; where he has seen the
men caled in frozen snow as if clad in armour;
where the running rigging has been so enlarg-
ed

Q


ed

114 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

ed by frozen fleet as hardly to be grafped by
the largeft hand; and where he has seen the
windward fide of the fhip so glaced with ice as
hardly to be diftinguifhed from the little iflets
that furrounded her; yet under all theſe hard-
ſhips, the men chearful over their GROG, and
not a man fick but of old ſcars.—This day the
fog being ſo thick as not to be penetrated by
the eye, they were alarmed by a craſh as if a
thouſand houſes had been all tumbling about
their ears together, and prefently they disco-
vered a ſmall ifland of ice juſt under their lee-
bow. All hands were inſtantly called up, and
by good providence they weathered the ice,
and eſcaped the danger, which was ſo immi-
nent, that in leſs than a quarter of an hour the
ſhip muſt have been overwhelmed, and every
foul on board perifhed.

19. The watch were now conſtantly em-
ployed in beating off the ice, and clearing the
rigging. The pieces that fell upon deck, ſome
of them larger than brickbats, when the main
buſineſs was over, were carefully gathered up,
and converted into water. Latitude at noon
64 deg. 31 min. long. 209 deg. 12 min. E.
At three the wind ſhifted to N. N. W. Courſe
altered E. by N. At fix clear. Courſe altered
S. by E.

20. Hawled up to the Eaſt. Six iflands of
ice in fight. Clear weather. Latitude at noon

65 deg.

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 115

65 deg. 52 min. At three in the afternoon a
ftiff gale at N. E. Course E. S. E. At ten
crofted the antarctic circle. Sun the whole day.

21. Thick fog. Narrowly escaped a large
island of ice, having just room to veer and not
a yard to spare; and, when they wore, another
island and field of ice to leeward. Hauled
up the main-fall, wore ship, and ftood to the
N. N. W. Latitude at noon 66 deg. 52 min.
Tacked, and ftood to the eastward. Saw fe-
veral albatrosses.

22. Intolerably cold. Brandy served to the
ship's company every day. The poor Indian
quivers at the fight of snow and ice—is taken
great care of, and kept warm in the Captain's
cabin—enjoys his health—but much frighten-
ed. Latitude at noon 67 deg. 27½ min. Wind
N. N. W. Course E. by S.

23 & 24. The weather being fine, they
seem to have lain-to to take in ice for melt-
ing, as no latitude is this day mentioned.

25. Being Christmas-day they spent in jolli-
ty. Latitude at noon 66 deg. 14 min.

26. Two men were this day put in irons for
being drunk, and threatening the second lieu-
tenant. When sober, expressing their sorrow,
they were released. Same day all hands drunk;
made no way, but counted 132 islands of ice in
fight.

Q2

During

116 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

[During these idle days, if by making little or no way they may be so called, they got upwards of 30 tons of ice on board. Here we could have wished that our journalist had marked the latitude, as it should seem from this day they began to change their course, and to steer north-westerly.]

27. The men being recovered from their frantic jollity, and order and good discipline restored, they hoisted their boats on board, and made sail to the northward. The islands of ice increasing in number, and the loose ice beginning to be troublesome, they could make little or no way to the southward, which seems to have determined the Captain to change his course,

28. The weather altered, and from fine clear frost, became tempestuous, with snow and hail. Latitude at noon 64 deg. 22 min. The people began to feel the effects either of their debauch, or the severity of the cold, or perhaps of both; for now they first began to complain of cramp pains, cold, rheumatism, and other grievous disorders. This day they saw several albatrosses, and two antarctic birds.

29. Nothing material.

30. Fine weather and smooth water, the Captain ordered the hammocks up, the ship to be thoroughly cleansed and smoaked between decks, the sick to be properly attended,

and

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 117

and all possible relief afforded them that their
situation would admit; and by nourishing diet
and gentle exercise they recovered surprisingly,
Latitude at noon 60 deg. 11 min. Wind from
W. S. W. to W. N. W. Course N. W.

31. A pleasant breeze at West. Steered N. N. W. Latitude at noon by observation 59 deg. 39 min. Saw several albatrosses, and a few small white birds called ice-birds.

Jan. 1, 1774. Fine light breeze from the eastward. Course N. W. Latitude at noon by observation 59 deg. 11 min. This day a quarrel happened between two of the midshipmen that had like to have proved fatal to both. One of them having drank too much, was very abusive, and provoked the other to strike him; on which the former drew his knife, which the latter catched at with his hand, by which he saved his life, but cut himself severely. They were then parted, and the aggressor put in irons; but, when in irons, behaved so turbulently, that it was found necessary to double iron him, to confine his hands behind his back, and to place a centinel over him.

2. Fine pleasant weather. The Captain ordered the articles of war to be read, the whole ship's company and the prisoner being present. A court martial was then held, and the prisoner was found guilty of transgressing the articles, and sentenced to receive twelve lashes, which

fen-

118 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

sentence was carried into execution. Latitude
at noon 57 deg. 57 min. A pleasant breeze
from S. S. E. Course W. N. W.

3. At one in the morning calm. About four caught a large albatross with hook and line. It measured from tip to tip when his wings were stretched out twenty-two feet. At five fresh gales at South. Course N. N. W. Latitude at noon 56 deg. 46 min. Saw some sea-weeds, and two divers; hoped land was near. At eight in the afternoon wind changed W. N. W. Steered North the whole night.

4. Blowed very hard in the morning. Saw more sea-weed, one diver, and several albatrosses. Changed their course to the North-East, in full expectation of discovering land. Latitude at noon 54 deg. 55 min. The weather now became sensibly warmer, it being here the middle of summer. This day used the last cask of ice-water, and began upon the water from the main hold.

5. Moderate weather in the morning; but soon changed, and blew a storm. Having no fight of land in this direction, tacked, and steered again N. by W. Latitude at noon 53 deg. 43 min. Blowed excessive hard the following night.

6. The gale continued, with squalls and rain. Shipt several heavy seas. Wind at S. W. Course N. by W. The ship by straining had become

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 119

become leaky; the pumps were therefore set
to work, and fix inches of water pumped out
of the hold, lat. at noon 52 deg. 1 min. The
wind abated in the afternoon, and pleasant
weather succeeded.

7. Pleafant weather, the former courſe con-
tinued. Lat. at noon, 50 deg. 35 min.

8. This courſe ſtill continued. This day
experimental beef was ſerved to the ſhip's com-
pany; but our journaliſt neither tells us how
it was prepared, nor how it proved; pickled
cabbage, by way of preſervative againſt the
ſcurvy, ſeems to have been regularly ſerved
on beef days; and it is certain that no ſhip ever
went round the world ſo little affected with that
disorder. Lat. at noon by obſervation 49 deg.
7 min. courſe E. N. E.

9. The wind and weather variable, courſe as
before, lat. at noon, by obſervation 48 deg.
17 min. long. 233 E. varied the courſe, and
ſteered E. by N. One man this day put in
irons for miſbehaviour, and a centinel put over
him.

10. Clear weather, courſe in the morning
as before, a light breeze from the westward;
the gentlemen diverted themselves in the cut-
ter by killing ſea fowl, lat. at noon by obſer-
vation 48 deg. 8 min. The gentlemen re-
turned on board to dinner, having killed 14
ſea

120 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

fea birds, not unlike gulls, only that their bills
were hooked.

11. In the morning the weather squally with showers, wind W. half N. course E. by N. Lat. at noon 47 deg. 51 1/2 min. Here it may be noted, that having near'd their former course the preceding year, they again altered it, and steered to the S. E. wind at N. N. W. a steady gale all night.

12. Fresh gale, course still to the S. E. lat. at noon 49 deg. 32 min. varied the course to S. S. E. Here they were in high expectation of finding land.

13. A stiff gale from N. by W. course as before, lat. at noon 52 deg. 11 min. In the afternoon tack'd and ftood to the north-west; but at eight in the evening steered to the south-west, blowed very hard all night from N. N. W.

14. Still continued to blow a storm, lat. at noon 53 deg. 53 min. long. 257 deg. 13 min. E. changed their course to S. S. W. still in hopes of finding land, saw birds, and fea weed, which in this voyage were found no certain signs of land, though generally esteemed so by the most experienced navigators.

15. Moderate, but thick misty weather, course in the morning as before, lat. at noon, by calculation, 56 deg. 11 min. Directed their course in the afternoon from S. S. W. to E. About three a storm came on from the north, which

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 121

which increased so violently before seven, that
before eight they furl'd the fore top-fail, main-
top-forefail, and main-fail, and hove too under
the mizen-stay-fail, with her head to the N. E.
Blowed hard all night, two men sick.

16. At half past seven made fail to the S. S. E.
wind at W. N. W. Lat. at noon by observation,
56 deg. 20 min. Varied their course S. by
E. Stiff gale from N. W. by W. all night.

17. Clear weather, but squally, wind at
W. a steady gale, course S. S. E. lat. at noon
58 deg. 34 min. S. Saw some porpoises that fel-
dom shew themselves far from land; and also
some sea-weed, wind W. N. W.

18. The wind continued as before, course
from eleven last night, till three this morning
S. by E. at which time they altered their course
and flood full south. Lat. at noon by account
60 deg. 54 min. About the middle of the
day the wind shifted to the S. W. At eight in
the evening wore-ship.

19. At three in the morning a breeze sprung
up from the N. N. W. course S. S. E. saw a
whale. At four the wind shifted to the north,
course full south, lat. at noon, 61 deg. 32 min.
saw one seal, and several birds. At eight in the
evening saw a great quantity of sea-weed, course
S. S. E.

20. At three came in fight of an island of
ice, and at fix saw several birds. Lat. at noon,

R

62 deg.

122 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

62 deg. 34 min. calm but excessive cold. At
half past seven, blowed hard, double-reefed
the main top-fail, and handed the fore-top-
fail, wind S. S. E. Ships head east. At eleven
wore-ship, and food to the S. W.

21. The wind as before, piercing cold. About four in the morning tack'd and ftood eastward, lat. at noon, by obſervation 62 deg. 29 min. course in the afternoon E. and E. by N.

22. Dry clear weather, wind at S. S. E. course as before. Lat. at noon 61 deg. 59. min. One marineick.

23. Mifty weather in the morning with
showers, wind S. course E. S. E. the people
all hearty, except as before excepted, one ma-
rine. Lat. 62 deg. 34. min. Ships head S. E.
a stiff gale all night at S. W. ships head S. S. E.

24. The gale continued till near fix in the
morning; at which time they changed their
course to the south. Lat. at noon, 63 deg. 32
min. piercing cold.

25. The wind at north attended with light
snow, saw fix albatrosses, some ice-birds, and
three Pintada birds, called by the Dutch Cape
Doves. Lat. at noon by obſervation, 65 deg.
26 min. long. 248 E.

Here they saw no ice, though in the fame
latitude in the former trip to the southward
they were surrounded by it. Poffibly the lat-

ter

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 123

ter end of January, which answers to our
July, may be the proper season for visiting
those frigid regions.

The Indian begins to be impatient to see
England. He is still indulged in the captain's
cabin; is learning to write; but gets little or
no English.

26. At nine in the morning every body on deck imagined they faw land; and accordingly preparations were made for getting all things in readinefs to caft anchor. At eleven croffed the antarctic circle to the southward for the 2d time, and hauled up S. E. by E. where they were perfuaded land was. But to their great disappointment, the farther they failed, the farther the land seemed to bear from them; and at length it wholly vanifhed. Lat. at noon 66 deg. 35 min. Sounded, but found no bottom.

27. Mifty weather, but moderate. At fe-
ven in the morning it cleared up, and they
altered their course to the S. E. ftill in hope
of land. Wind N. N. E. Lat. at noon, by
obfervation, 67 deg. 58 min. Pafted one large
ifland of ice, and feveral iflets of various
forms. Saw feveral whales, fome Pintada
birds, and two ftrange birds, fuch as they had
never feen before, and thought to be land-
birds, with a great flock of fea fwallows,
which the failors call Mother Carey's Chickens,

R 2

and

124 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

and dread their appearance as an omen of
tempestuous weather. These, our journalist
says, were more beautiful than any they had
ever seen before, their glossy feathers of black,
red, and white, being so happily intermixed as
to produce a colouring that exceeds all def-
cription.

28. The weather continuing moderate, and the sea open, they still purfued their course to the S. S. E. though at the utmost peril of their lives, from the large bodies of ice that were continually floating round them. Their latitude was this day at noon 69 deg. 33 min. South; in the afternoon they veered a little to the East. At one in the morning they saw the sun and moon exactly at the same height, viz. ten degrees above the horizon, and both appeared equally illuminated, owing perhaps to the haziness of the atmosphere. Here they went to work again in digging and loading ice to melt into water; but here they were more unfortunate than in their former attempts, having the pinnace stove against the island on which the men were at work; and it was with difficulty that her crew recovered the ship.

29. The islands of ice began to multiply, and the loose ice to incorporate; but the weather continued moderate, and generally clear. Lat. at noon, by observation, 69 deg. 58 1/2 min.

Wind

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 125

Wind at N. E. and so cold that it was thought
it could not be colder. At half past ten at
night tacked and flooded N. N. W.

30. Came in fight of a fog bank, which
had a great appearance of land, and many who
were thought the best judges oferted that it
was land; however it proved upon trial a
deception, as well as the former. This day
they passed by a great island of ice, and heard
many dreadful cracks, as if the whole earth
was cleaving aunder. Saw several whales and
a strange bird as before. Taking a view from
the mast-head nothing was to be seen but a
dreary prospect of ice and sea. Of the former
might be seen a whole country as far as the
eye could carry one, diversified with hills and
dales, and fields and imaginary plantations,
that had all the appearance of cultivation;
yet was nothing more than the sports of
chance in the formation of those immense bo-
dies of congregated ice. This second attempt
at discovery of land in this dreary region being
attended with no better success than the first,
the captain thought it advisable to give over
the pursuit for the present, and once more to
direct the ship's course to the northward.—
Lat. this day at noon 71 deg. 10 min. long.
252 deg. 2 min. E. The last hog which the
captain had on board being killed some days
before,

126 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

before, this day the butcher killed the lieutenant's hog, and dressed it for the spit.

31. This morning a very large whale was seen floating on the surface of the sea. The wind blowing briskly at E. and E. N. E. and the ship's head N. and N. N. E. at noon they fell into lat. 69 deg. 54 min. very cold, and the weather beginning to alter. In the evening the snow, which just began to fall lightly about noon, came down heavily, and gave full employment to the watch to beat it off as it froze upon the rigging. This was grjevous work; but as it in a great measure precluded the necessity of digging and filling ice from the islands to melt, it was submitted to chearfully, especially as the fame encourage-ment and the fame reward were beftowed for the one as well as for the other. Wind variable from E. to E. N. E. intolerably cold. Ship's head as before.

Feb. 1. The weather clearing up, the boats were again sent out to icing, as the term now was; and before night, they brought on board five boat's load. At noon lat. 68 deg. 2 min. At seven in the evening they made fail to the northward. Wind from E. to E. N. E.

All the morning employed in icing, saw two whales and several sea fowl, lat. at noon, 67 deg.

8 min.

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 127

8 min. Ships head N. by W. This day roafed
the lieutenant's dog for the gun-room.

3. Colder than ever they had yet felt it, the
wind variable from E. to E. S. E. At fix in
the morning croffed the antartic circle to the
northward. At noon lat. 66 deg. 03 min. 2700
leagues eaft of China, fays our journalift.

4. A light breeze from the eaftward, faw
feveral grey petterals, and two albatroffes.
The weather being dry and clear, brought up
and aired the hammocks, cleanfed and fmoak-
ed between decks. Lat. at noon by obſervation,
65 deg. 15 min. long. 261 deg. eaſt. Courſe
N. N. W. and N. W. all night.

5. Clear dry weather. Ship's head N. by W.
Saw a flock of birds, and one Port Egmont
hen. Lat. at noon by calculation 64 deg.
4 min. A great fall of ſnow. Stood to the
N. N. W. all night.

6. Calm weather with ſnow and hail. Lat. at noon by obſervation 63 deg. 34 min. Saw one albatroſs, and ſeveral grey petterals; but no other appearances of land. Courſe N. by W. Wind S. W. Blowed a hurricane; the ſea roſe a tremendous height; and often boarded them from the larboard cathead clear off.

7. The ſtorm continued, and carried away
the fore top-maſt-ſtay-fail ſheet, and the fore
and main-top-fails. About eleven in the fore-

noon

128 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

noon the storm abated. Lat. by observation
61 deg. 5½. Wind at S. W. by W. Course
N. N. W. In this storm, the service bearing
hard upon the mariners, the captain, to ease
them as much as possible, very humanely or-
dered the officers mates before the mast.

8. A stiff gale; yet the men were employed
in repairing the damage sustained in the pre-
ceding day's storm. Wind at S. W. by S.
Course N. W. by N. Lat. at noon 58 deg.
8 min. A stiff breeze all night from W. S. W.

9. Squally, with showers of rain. Wind at W. S. W. Course N. W. by W. Lat. at noon by calculation 55 deg. 42 min. Saw a great number of birds; moderate weather all night.

10. At three in the morning they steered
N. W. Wind S. S. W. and purfued that
course the whole day. Lat. at noon 53 deg.
39 min. Saw flocks of albatrosses, which
seem to be the chief inhabitants of the watry
regions of the southern hemisphere.

11. It blowed a tempest at W. by N. and
W. N. W. Ship's head from N. half E. to
N. N. E. Saw several porpoises, with other
indications of land. Lat. at noon by account
51 deg. 47 min. At half past two in the af-
ternoon stowed the main top-mast-fail, the ship
lying with her lee-gunnel under water. At
half past three righted. Secured the best
bower

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 129
bower anchor, and pumped ship. A great
fwell all night from N. N. W.

12. At one in the morning the storm agitated. All hands employed in repairing the injury sustained by the storm. As the day advanced the weather cleared up; and while the men were busy in their several departments, the gentlemen diverted themselves in shooting albatrosses. Such is the sudden transition from foul to fair; and such the uncertainty, when one storm is over, about what may happen when another arises. Lat. at noon by observation 50 deg. 14 min. In the evening the gentlemen returned aboard, having shot 11 albatrosses and one Port Egmont hen.

13. Pleasant weather and clear. A light breeze from the N. W. At fix in the morning observed a piece of timber to pass by the ship. All the forenoon employed in airing the hammocks, cleaning and smoaking the ship. This day the steward's mate served out four cabbage, by which it is supposed pickled cabbage is meant. Latitude at noon 50 deg. 14 min. About eight in the evening, tacked and fotted to the North. Wind N. N. W.

14. Nothing remarkable. Lat. at noon 49 deg. 34 min. Ship's head N. W. Wind W. S. W.

15. Calm weather. Wind N. N. E. Course

S

N. W.

130 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

N. W. Lat. at noon 48 deg. 30 min. Course as before.

16. Thick foggy weather attended with small rain. Wind at W. S. W. Course as before. Lat. at noon 47 deg. 45 min. In the afternoon dry pleasant weather. At night a great swell from the N. N. W. This day saw several birds and some small streaked porpoises.

17. Fine all the forenoon; aired the hammocks, cleaned between decks, and smoaked the ship. All well on board. Lat. at noon 46 deg. 16 min. Fresh gales and squalley, attended with rain in the night. Ship's course N. N. W. Wind West.

18. Strong gale at S. S. W. Course N. W. Lat. at noon 44 deg. 12 min. Shipped many heavy seas, two of which went over their lower yards. The weather at night more moderate, but dark and cloudy.

19. The storm subsided, the air cleared up, and a pleasant gale succeeded; aired the hammocks, cleaned between decks, and smoaked the ship. Lat. at noon 42 deg. 5½ min. Long. from Cape Palliser 95 deg. 32 min. E. and distant from it 1168 leagues [if our journal has made no mistake.] Wind W. to W. N. W. Ship's head from N. to N. N. W.

20. Pleasant dry warm weather; a light breeze at W. N. W. Course from N. to N.

by

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 131

by E. They were now in a temperate climate,
and, as the ship's company rightly supposed,
were directing their course in pursuit of that
country which Juan Fernandes is said to have
discovered, and which by very many able na-
vigators has been supposed, and by some affirmed,
to be part of the Terra Incognita Australis.
Of this opinion is Arias, a Spanish writer, who
says, " that a pilot named Juan Fernandes
failing from the coast of Chili, about the lati-
tude of 40 deg. S. little more or less, and fail-
ing in courses between West and South-West,
was brought in a month's time to a coast, from
what he could judge, of the continent, very
fertile and agreeable, inhabited by white peo-
ple mighty well dispossed, of our stature, and
so peaceable and civil, that by all ways they
could express, they offered them every thing
in their power, and of the riches of their coun-
try, which appeared very rich and plentiful.
Being overjoyed to have discovered the coast
of that great continent so much desired, he
returned home, intending to return properly
equip; but was prevented by death." Arias
adds, that the pilot Juan Fernandes saw here
the mouths of very large rivers, and concludes
this certainly to be the coast of the southern
continent. Other voyagers pretended likewise
to have discovered land in or near the lati-
tude which the Resolution is now examining.

S 2

M. Pingre,

132 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

M. Pingre, a French writer, reports, " that the Captain of a Spanish brigantine going from Calloa to the island of Chiloe in 1714, being in the latitude of 38 deg. S. about 550 leagues off Chili, discovered a high country which he coasted a whole day; that he judged it inhabited from the fires which were seen in the night; and that the contrary winds obliging them to put into Conception, he there found the ship Le François, of St. Malo, commanded by M. du Fresne." Add to these what is said of the Orange, one of the Naffau fleet, that in her passage from Cape Horne to the island of Juan Fernandes she saw this continent twice; once in 50 deg. S. and again in the latitude of 41 deg. S. Le Maire and Schouten are likewise said to have seen signs of land near this situation.—All these testimonies, with others that might be produced, had so strengthened the notion of the existence of a southern continent at no great distance, that Mr. Dalrymple has roundly asserted the discovery of it. Capt. Cooke therefore appears to have been determined either to confirm, or totally disprove the notion. This the intelligent reader will be at no loss to discover by his conduct; and this being premised, we shall proceed.—We have already traced him from latitude 71 deg. 10 min. S. and from longitude 261 deg. E. answering to 109 W. within half

a de-

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 133

a degree of the longitude in which Mr. Dalrymple has placed Easter-Island, to his present situation this day at noon in latitude 42 deg. 5 min. S. and long. 270 deg. 17 min. E. andferring to 99 deg. 43 min. W. and we shall mark him daily as he proceeds.

This day [Feb. 20.] our journalist remarks for the first time, that fyrup of carrots (called marmalet) and wort was dealt out by the surgeon's order to such of the men as discovered the least scorbetic symptoms in their habit; and he notes also, that this day the crew were all in perfect health. We have already remarked that Mr. M'Bride had prescribed wort as a preservative against the scurvy, and it redounds greatly to the honour of the Commanders who pay attention to such important informations.

21. The weather continuing fine, the Captain neglected no opportunity of ordering the hammocks, &c. to be aired; and he was no lefs careful of the men's apparel, never suffering any to appear dirty before him; infomuch that when other Commanders came on board, they could not help declaring, they thought every day Sunday on board of Capt. Cooke. Lat. at noon 37 deg. 54 min. Course N. N. W. Saw fea-fowl, and porpoises in great abundance.

22. Three men punished for abusing and striking one of the marines; one who was the most culpable with twelve lafhes; the other

two

134 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

two with fix each. Latitude at noon 36 deg.
10 min. Wind at E. Course S. W. by W.
This day Juan Fernandes's Continent was
judged by the failors to lie in that direction,
Birds and porpoises still in fight.

23. The weather continuing clear, warm, and moderate, the powder-room was cleanfed, and the powder being found damp, was brought upon the deck and aired. The store-rooms were likewife examined, and, where ne-cessary, fmoaked and dried. Latitude 36 deg. 40 min. Wind N. E. Course as before. This day the Captain was taken ill, to the grief of all the fhip's company.

24. The weather continuing fine, the carpenters were employed upon the pinnace, in order to repair the damage she received in icing; the gunners in examining and recharging the fireworks, which by the damp had been rendered unfit for use. Latitude at noon 37 deg. 25 min. Wind N. W. Course S. W. by W. all fails fet.

25. This day the weather altered. Wind at N. by W. Squally, with rain. Course W. by S. Latitude at noon 37 deg. 53 min. In the afternoon the weather cleared up; the wind veered to the W. About two they tack-ed ship, and ftood to the N. N. W.

26. The Captain ſtill indispoſed, and much lamented. The weather variable; but generally

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 135

rally fine. Wind S. W. by W. Ship's head
N. N. W. Latitude at noon 36 deg. 40 min.

27. Wind at East. Course N. N. W. Lat. at noon 34 deg. 52 min. In the afternoon steered North.

28. Pleasant weather, wind at E. N. E. Ships head N. W. Saw two birds; the captain this day much better, which each might read in the countenance of the other from the highest officer to the meanest boy on board the ship. Lat. at noon 33 deg. 9 min. wind shifted to W. N. W.

March 1. Delightful weather and smooth water, a light breeze from W. N. W. Course N. Lat. at noon 32 deg. 15 min. saw several albatrosses, and two egg birds.

2. A light breeze from W. N. W. Ships head as before. Lat. at noon 31 deg. 13 min. Course altered to the N. E. Saw here a great number of porpoises rolling upon the water, and in the night a ravenous shark found means to regale himself on a fine piece of pork that was towing in a net at the ship's stern to freshen it for the use of the great cabin.

3. A light breeze from N. by W. Ship's head N. E. by E. Saw two bonnettas, a man of war bird, and several egg-birds. Lat. at noon 30 deg. 30 min. S. It was now judged by the ship's company that they were in search of Easter-Island, discovered by Roggewein.

4. A

136 CAPT. COOKE'S SECOND VOYAGE

4. A fine light breeze from N. W. by W. At four in the morning tack'd ship, and ftood to the N. E. by N. The captain perfectly recovered from his illnes to the great joy of the ship's company. Lat. at noon by obſervation, 29 deg. 57 min. Wind at N. W. half W. ſteered half E. and E. Several bonnettas in fight.

5. The weather dry and the wind calm, they aired the hammocks, and scraped the decks above and below. Saw ſeveral albicores at a great depth under water. These fish are never to be caught in fine weather, but when the sea is agitated; they then rife and play upon the ſurface, and may be caught with hook and line, or ſtruck with the gigg. Lat. 29 deg. 44 min. course altered.

6. Some gentle showers of rain, wind E. N.E. Ship's course half N. This day they came in fight of some tropic birds. Lat. at noon 29 deg. 35 min. Observed an uncommonly large piece of ſpunge to pafs the ship, ſuppoſed to drift from the land; ſaw also some fish playing about the ship, with other signs of land near.

7. A pleafant breeze from the eаſtward, continued to ſee fish, but none that they could catch; hooked ſeveral bonnettas, and caught four: The climate moſt delightful, mild, warm, and nourifhing; not a man ill, but all in

TO THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 137

in high spirits. Lat. at noon 28 deg. 20 min.
Course N. W.

8. Course altered W. N. W. Saw five tropic birds, some man of war birds, and egg-birds, and two gannettas, an almost certain sign that land is near, saw also some sea-weed. Lat. at noon 27 deg. 4 min. Course altered W. half S. Wind at E.

9. Wind at E. Course W. half S. Saw numbers of bonettas, albicores, and flying fish, also tropic birds, and man of war birds: These last are great enemies to the flying fish, and it is really diverting to see with what velocity they will dart down upon them when driven from the water by the Dolphins, albicores, and bonetta's, all enemies to the flying fish, which, notwithstanding are so numerous as to change the colour of the sea in some places by their swarms. Lat. at noon 27 deg. 7 min. S. and long. 105½ min. W. or according to our common way of reckoning 254 deg. 10 min E.

10. A fresh breeze at E. half N. Course W. half S. All hands employed in preparing to land, being positive that land cannot be far off, so many signs concurring to confirm our opinion, and, besides, being near the place where the geographers have placed Eafter-Island. Lat. at noon 27 deg. 11 min. This afternoon saw more than 100 birds in a flock.

T

11. Bore