An End to Either/Or

NYTimes 8-12-74

By Anthony Lake

WASHINGTON — Americans like most people need heroes, and the more unheroic the times the more determined becomes the search for symbols of our greatness and even decency.

Max Weber once wrote that when a charismatic leader is tarnished "hope waits and searches for a new holder of charisma." Richard M. Nixon may never have seemed the model of a charismatic leader, but his elections and office conferred on him a quality of appearing larger than life.

With his humiliation and resignation, American hope inclines all the more to a new symbol, Secretary of State Kissinger, as well as to such diverse figures as President Ford, Judge John J. Sirica, Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. and the most attractive members of the House Judiciary Committee.

Alternating currents of illusion and disillusion about our leaders are at best unfair and at worst dangerous, for them no less than for the rest of us.

The preoccupation of the press and public with Mr. Kissinger himself—as distinct from the substance of his thought and policies—is no exception, for reasons that have nothing to do with his strengths and weaknesses. Debate about Mr. Kissinger the man makes him the issue, and thus obscures the real foreign policy questions with which he deals.

The dangers of this situation are fourfold.

First, such personal adulation of either a President or one of his Cabinet officers distorts needed debate about our foreign policies by helping give the executive its tremendous advantage over the Congress and others.

While rallying behind the executive in times of international crisis is both natural and necessary, fair debate about the substance of his policies is only necessary. It can seem to some unnatural, even unpatriotic. Such debate therefore needs all of the encouragement it can get.

Second, the greater the hero worship, the shriller the critics sound and become. Frustrated by the uncritical acclaim for him from so many quarters, those who still speak out can easily fall into the trap of at least appearing to make unfair, sweeping, *ad hominem* assaults on his character and even competence. Up against hero worship, legitimate criticism begins to sound like ungrateful grousing. Debate, again, suffers.

Third, Mr. Kissinger himself has

helped create a situation in which he must be taken on an all-or-nothing basis. In today's Washington, you are seen as for Mr. Kissinger or against him. No in-between. If the tide of debate about the Secretary of State himself should show signs of turning, he could end up with his authority badly damaged. In short, there are dangers in judging his performance using criteria either more harsh or more lax than those applied in judging other officials.

Finally, there is the problem of institutionalizing Mr. Kissinger's policies within the bureaucracy. The more the man, rather than his policies, attract

attention, the greater the possibility that his successes will last only so long as he is in office.

It may be that there should be a pause now in Washington's discussion of foreign policy issues. For the moment, we should want to make it clear that our domestic divisions will not render us incapable abroad. But serious debate about foreign policy should resume soon, because there is much debate. Perhaps such a pause would allow a shift in the focus of the argument from personality to issues.

Let the Secretary of State face opposition on some issues—as I believe he should, for example, on defense spending and relations generally with Japan and the Third World—and let him be applauded on others, for example, on the Middle East and improved relations with Moscow and Peking.

The two are inconsistent only if one accepts the notion that Secretary Kissinger, or anyone else, must be either all "good" or all "evil." A Manichean view of our national leaders is inherent in the charisma in which we wrap them. It serves no one well.

Anthony Lake, a former member of Henry A. Kissinger's staff, is director of the International Voluntary Services, Inc.

Egyptian Arrives
In U.S. to Discuss
Next Mideast Step

NY Times

8-12-74

By BERNARD GWERTZMAN

Special to The New York Times

WASHINGTON, Aug. 11—
Foreign Minister Ismail Fahmy
of Egypt arrived here today for
talks this week with Secretary
of State Kissinger—and prob-
ably President Ford — that
American officials hope will
clear away uncertainties about
the next round of Middle East
negotiations.

Mr. Kissinger and his Middle
East aides, after talks in the
last two weeks with Israeli
and Jordanian officials, believe
that talks between Israel and
Jordan may prove the most
fruitful for the next stage.

But Mr. Kissinger wants to
make certain that the Egyp-
tians, who negotiated their troop
separation agreement with Is-
rael in January, will support
Jordanian efforts to achieve a
similar disengagement, even if

Continued on Page 10, Column 1

# Nixon Slide From Power: Backers Gave Final Push

## Former Defenders Persuaded President to Serve the Nation by Resigning

This article was written by James M. Naughton and is based on reporting by him, Bernard Gwertzman, Diane Henry, John Kifner, Douglas E. Kneeland, Robert B. Semple Jr. and Philip Shabecoff.

*Special to The New York Times*

WASHINGTON, Aug. 11— Richard M. Nixon did not fall from power. He slid, gradually, certainly, in a steady corrosion of his realm. It took 15 days.

It began with a unanimous ruling by the Supreme Court. It ended in the solitary surrender of the President to his fate. But mostly it turned, slowly and painfully, on a campaign among those who had sought at first to save Mr. Nixon to persuade him at least that his Presidency could not, and perhaps should not, be salvaged.

What lay behind President Nixon's stoic resignation announcement last Thursday was an almost eerie accumulation of inescapable ironies.

The final push in Congress to oust Mr. Nixon was prompted

by his chief defense attorney, James D. St. Clair. He encouraged the diminishing corps of anti-impeachment members of the House to re-evaluate their defense of Mr. Nixon and reportedly he twice issued discreet warnings to Mr. Nixon that professional ethics might force him to abandon the President as a client.

The Army general whom Mr. Nixon promoted to White House chief of staff, Alexander M. Haig Jr., joined Mr. St. Clair and others in a concerted effort to persuade the Commander in Chief to abdicate.

The Secretary of State whose pursuit of Mr. Nixon's foreign policies made him a Nobel Peace laureate, Henry A. Kissinger, cautioned privately

*Continued on Page 15, Column 1*

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TUESDAY, AUGUST

The Washington Post

AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER

Jordan's Turn

A "next step" seems to have been found to keep up the diplomatic momentum in the Mideast—a kind of counterpart to the earlier disengagement accords between Israel, and Egypt and Syria. The step involves a limited Israeli pullback from the Jordan River into the West Bank, which Israel took from Jordan in 1967 after Jordan attacked first. Since neither Israelis nor Jordanians are yet prepared to turn over territory directly to the Palestinians—and it is Palestinians who live in the West Bank—the territory evacuated would revert to Jordanian sovereignty. Since Israelis are, for strategic and religious reasons, unprepared to abandon West Bank territory finally and formally, the talk is of yielding the evacuated land to Jordanian "administrative" control. Israel would maintain its Jordan River security outposts in this "first stage" withdrawal. Jordan would acquire at least one sizeable town, probably Jericho, so that, like Syria with Kuneitra, it could say it was "liberating" a place of special value.

This prospective arrangement is obviously a palliative. It will not make the Jordanian-Israeli military line, on which effective disengagement was consummated some three years ago, any more stable; it may even have somewhat of an opposite effect. And it will aggravate the grievances of the Palestinians, a part of whose claimed land is being disposed of by others without either their participation or their direct political benefit. At this point, Jordan and Israel share a discreet interest in reducing their differences with each other so that each can deal with the Palestinians as it will. There is a certain logic working here. Israel can hardly be faulted for moving to "reward" the one of its belligerent neighbors which did not attack in 1973, and to shift a part of the difficult Palestinian burden from its own shoulders to the shoulders of that neighbor. On its part, it is Jordan's understandable purpose to recover what it can now of the territory it lost in 1967.

The Palestinians, moreover, are still divided politically

and ideologically among themselves. They are still unable either to organize a leadership or a program for a West Bank-Gaza state. That is their plain responsibility. Terror will not solve their problem, only politics will. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the replacement of Israeli by Jordanian control in part of the West Bank does not preclude later moves toward setting up a Palestinian state. The step does, however, confirm the principle that any new Palestinian entity created on territory claimed by Jordan and occupied by Israel must fit the vital interests of them both. Nothing hurts the cause of Palestinian nationhood more than the Palestinian threat that a West Bank-Gaza state would merely be a launching pad for attacks on the two states already there.

For all that the Palestinian problem remains unresolved, the start of Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank would be a major event, demonstrating an encouraging flexibility on Israel's part. But it cannot be ignored that Prime Minister Rabin's government is very precariously poised. Diplomatic progress that costs him his political mandate and ushers in either new uncertainty or a more conservative government in Israel would serve no one's interest. At the same time, diplomatic progress so insufficient that it would jeopardize the standing of King Hussein—or for that matter, of Egypt's Sadat and Syria's Assad—would be equally unacceptable. The politics of the Mideast is what makes the diplomacy of the Mideast as tippy as it is.

To write and carry out a limited Israeli-Jordanian agreement will not be easy. There are reports that King Hussein and former Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir met in May but the actual negotiating remains to be done. The very starting of the process, however, should help satisfy the general craving for signs of movement. Both the states of the region and their friends outside it share the sense that the October war will only be followed by another—at an even more dangerous level— if a settlement is not pursued with all deliberate speed.

FORD, IN WARNING
ON U.S. DEFENSES

NYTimes [LC]
8-13-74

# 'Weakness Invites War'
## He Says in Pledging Support to Allies

By BERNARD GWERTZMAN

Special to The New York Times

WASHINGTON, Aug. 12 — President Ford tonight warned other countries against trying to exploit the change in administration in Washington, asserting that the United States would stand by all its commitments and would not weaken its defenses.

"A strong defense is the best way to peace," he said. "Strength makes détente, attainable. Weakness invites war, as my generation knows from bitter experiences."

In a speech delivered to a joint session of Congress, Mr. Ford reaffirmed that he would continue his support for "the outstanding foreign policy of President Nixon."

This included, he said, "loyal collaboration" with European allies and Japan, continuity in support for the security, independence and economic development of "our allies and friends in Asia," reaffirmation of efforts to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union and China, and "vigorous efforts" to advance diplomatic progress in the Middle East.

Mr. Ford's remarks followed a busy day on the foreign policy

Continued on Page 21, Column 5

President Says That U.S.
Will Keep Strong Defense

Continued From Page 1, Col. 5
front in Washington.

Secretary of State Kissinger, who met with the President earlier this morning, spent 50 minutes shortly after noon with the Soviet Ambassador, Anatoly F. Dobrynin, who cut short his vacation in the Soviet Union to return to Washington.

State Department officials said that Mr. Dobrynin brought with him a personal message to Mr. Ford from Leonid I. Brezhnev, the Soviet Communist party leader, a reply to a note from Mr. Ford, which was delivered in Moscow on Saturday.

The White House also announced that Mr. Ford would

give a working lunch on Wednesday for Foreign Minister Ismail Fahmy of Egypt, who began talks this afternoon with Mr. Kissinger on the Middle East diplomatic situation and on Egyptian-American cooperation.

Mr. Ford, in messages to Israeli and Arab leaders, has pledged his determination to have Mr. Kissinger press forward in mediation efforts to achieve a Middle East settlement.

On Friday, Mr. Ford will meet at the White House with King Hussein of Jordan, and that evening—not Thursday as first reported — will give a formal dinner, for the King, the first foreign leader to be so honored by Mr. Ford.

Although foreign affairs have not been Mr. Ford's main interest in the past, since taking the oath as President on Friday, he has gone to great lengths to underscore his commitment to the general foreign policy line of the Nixon Administration,

He has assured allies of continuing American support and has advised the Soviet Union and China of his determination to pursue efforts to reduce tensions and improve relations.

Because of the unsettled situation on Cyprus, he has discussed with Mr. Kissinger in detail the tangled diplomatic and military developments concerning the Greeks, Turks and Cypriotes.

Mr. Ford, at Mr. Kissinger's urging, has sent messages to both Athens and Ankara urging restraint and encouraging both sides to reach agreement at their talks in Geneva.

Although Mr. Roudebush was never submitted to Congress for confirmation, members of Congress serving on the Veterans Affairs Committee of both houses were privately informed by the White House that Mr. Roudebush would be the candidate and that a pre-appointment investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation was under way.

Mr. Roudebush, who served with Mr. Ford in Congress for 10 years as a Representative from Indiana and is considered to be a friend of Mr. Ford's, was not mentioned at today's conference by Mr. terHorst during the discussion of a new Administrator of Veterans Affairs.

## Johnson Still Stays

Meanwhile, Mr. Johnson, who told the White House last April that he would resign "in the near future," still holds the $42,500-a-year post.

Although the White House submitted the names of more than a dozen persons as possible candidates for the administrator's post to Congressional committees on veterans affairs for consideration since last April, and despite the fact that several Congressional leaders were informed by the White House that Mr. Johnson had been dismissed, a spokesman for Mr. Johnson said today that he "was not asked for his resignation" and "did not submit a letter of resignation" to the President:

> The spokesman, Stratton M. Appleman, said Mr. Johnson planned to remain in office "until the White House appoints a new administrator."

Cooper Holt, executive director of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, whose 1.8 million members makes it the nation's second largest veterans organization after the American Legion, expressed irritation today that Mr. Johnson still headed the V.A. and that no successor had been chosen.

## 'Agency Is in Limbo'

"If the Secretary of State re-

re offered him a pot. We needed a guy. He's a superb lawyer and 'we're dying to have him.'"

Mr. Glanzer worked with Earl J. Silbert, now acting United States Attorney for the District Campbell as the original Watergate investigators.

Mr. Silbert was appointed to his present post by the judges of the Federal District Court here when the White House failed to nominate a successor to Harold H. Titus Jr., who resigned in December, 1973. Mr. Silbert was later nominated for the post by President Nixon.

## Stalled in Committee

His confirmation, however, was delayed by criticism over the early handling of the Watergate case and is stalled in the Senate Judiciary Committee.

Mr. Glanzer said today that the three-man team were the "victims" of an apparent White House effort to cover up the burglary of the Democratic national headquarters at the Watergate office building.

Mr. Colson quit the law firm March 1 when he was indicted

U.S. Cautions
Turkey on
Cyprus Stand
wash POST 8-147

By Murrey Marder

Washington Post Staff Writer

The United States yesterday expressed concern about any new Turkish-Greek "resort to military violence" over Cyprus, and officials said the cautionary words were directed particularly at Turkey.

As Greece warned that there is new danger of war with Turkey, the United States faced the risk of a replay of last month's confrontation between the two North Atlantic Organization allies.

Signs of American diplomacy behind the scenes were evident yesterday. The United States acknowledged for the first time that it favors "a greater degree of autonomy" for the Turkish community on Cyprus, where Greek-Cypriots are in a 4-to-1 majority. Now Turkey, however, threatens to push its demands militarily.

There have been increasingly angry protests in Greece that American policy has shown a heavy "tilt" towards Turkey since Turkish forces intervened in Cyprus on July 20, ultimately pouring in 40,000 troops.

American officials insisted yesterday that U.S. policy is not tilted towards Turkey. The United States, however, did remain publicly silent when the Turkish invasion force expanded its Cyprus bridgehead in spite of a cease-fire signed on July 30. American officials maintain they were privately

See TALKS, All, Col. 1

duction of about 50 per cent is
in progress on Taiwan, he
said.

Since 1969, he said, the So-
viet Union has substantially
increased its ground troops
stationed in Eastern Europe,
and now has a three-fold edge
over United States manpower
there.

The United States still has
an edge in air and naval com-
bat capabilities, he said, but
added this edge must be bal-
anced against the West's
greater dependence on the sea
for commerce and communica-
tion.

## Charges Doctors
 patients' Costs

ally News

not aware of those costs, he
said.

Palmer called on physicians
to select "optimum care proce-
dures," but added that when
alternative measures of equal
effectiveness are available at
lower costs, they should be
considered.

## Austrian Party
Suffers Break-in

VIENNA, Aug. 13 — Aust-
rian police sought today to es-
tablish whether political mo-
tives were involved in a Vi-
enna break-in.

Rightwing political officials
said they were highly suspi-
cious because of the weekend
ransacking of the offices of
the Austrian Farmers Federa-
tion, a conservative organiza-

# U.S. Seeks to Avert Cyprus Flareup [L]

## TALKS, From A1

counseling restraint during
this period.

The public acknowledgment yesterday of support for an improved position for the Turkish minority on Cyprus appeared to show additonal pro-Turkish favoritism by the United States. Again U.S. officials insisted that is a misinterpretation. "All parties agree there must be some improvement of the conditions for the Turkish minority," said one U.S. official.

State Department spokesman Robert Anderson said yesterday that the U.S. position is:

* "We recognize that the position of the Turkish community on Cyprus requires considerable improvement and protection. We have supported a greater degree of autonomy for them."

"The parties are negotiating on one or more Turkish auton-

omous areas. The avenues of diplomacy have not been exhausted, and therefore the United States would consider a resort to military action unjustified. We have made this clear to all parties."

The United States "has been playing an active role in the negotiations," said Anderson, "and the President and the [Secretary of State Henry A. riot leaders.]"

Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger had telephone discussions with Turkish Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit four times in the past 24 hours, said Anderson, spoke three times by telephone with British Foreign Secretary James Callaghan at the Geneva peace talks on Cyprus, sent a letter to Greek Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis, and communicated with Turkish leaders.

The Karamanlis civilian government, which replaced Greece's military junta last

month in a rebound sequence from the unsuccessful Cyprus coup against Archbishop Makarios, is in a precarious position. Karamanlis can fall if he is forced to bend too far to meet Turkish demands on Cyprus.

Kissinger's letter to Karamanlis, delivered urgently in Athens early yesterday, urged the Greek government to give serious consideration to the Turkish proposals for a settlement on Cyprus, U.S. sources acknowledged. Turkey, with the preponderant forces on Cyprus, is threatening to renew military action unless its demands are met.

American officials did not specify yesterday exactly which portions of the Turkish demands match the U.S. version of adequate "protection" for the Turkish Cypriots. Turkey is reported to be demanding autonomy over about 33 or 34 per cent of the area of Cyprus, while the proportion of

Turkish Cypriots on the island is less than 20 per cent of the population.

"There is no U.S. proposal or plan," said spokesman Anderson. "We feel that the parties must arrive at a satisfactory solution."

In June and early July, American diplomatic efforts failed to head off either the Greek-supported coup, which toppled Makarios, or the ensuing Turkish invasion to overturn the coup.

Turkey now has achieved an unprecedented position of physical strength on the island, which is reflected in its tough bargaining demands.

The new Ford administration, therefore, faces the threat of a new outbreak of hostilities between two NATO allies armed with American weapons, growing out of a cease-fire that was acclaimed last month as a victory for American diplomacy and for the durability of NATO

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# U.S. Condemns [10] Attack by Turkey

The United States condemned Turkey's renewed use of force on Cyprus yesterday, called for an immediate cease-fire, and hoped that Greece's declared military pullout from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization will not materialize.

For the six-day old Ford administration the threat of direct warfare between two American-armed allies which form the southern flank of NATO raises major strategic dangers.

Administration officials did their utmost yesterday to treat the crisis as a limited challenge to Western stability that can be confined to Cyprus. The new conflict, however, marked the third failure of Allied diplomacy within 30 days in trying to head off warfare on Cyprus.

President Ford was alerted by Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger Tuesday night that Turkish troops on Cyprus were about to go into action.

Speaking for the administration, Ambassador-at-large Robert J. McCloskey, a former ambassador to Cyprus, said yesterday at the State Department:

"We deplore the Turkish resort to the use of force.

The United States strongly supports the United Nations resolutions calling for an immediate cease-fire. The United States is convinced that only through a return to negotiations can an arrangement be established which will serve to restore constitutional government to Cyprus and peace and stability throughout the area..."

If Greece and Turkey, two NATO allies, "were to resort to war," said McCloskey, "it should be clear that they could not count on a continuing line of military supply from the United States."

The United States had issued the same warning after
See DIPLOMACY, A22, Col. 1

## Pentagon Sees 6th Fleet Hurt

Withdrawal of Greek military participation in NATO would raise doubts about the U.S. 6th Fleet's effectiveness in the eastern Mediterranean and isolate Turkey on the alliance's southern flank, Pentagon specialists said yesterday.

Details on Page A22.

Dow inflation faces its first test today as the House considers a six-year, $20 billion mass transit bill that the administration has said is "highly inflationary."

House Minority Leader John J. Rhodes (R-Ariz.) has said the President would veto any bill with a funding level higher than $11.6 billion.

In his address to Congress Monday night the President called for cuts in federal spending as a first step toward checking inflation.

During debate on the mass transit bill yesterday, Rep. E. F. Shuster (R-Pa.) said, "What we have today is a first test of whether we merely applauded the words of the new President or whether we are going to act on those words."

Democrats on the Public Works Committee, which brought out the bill, have agreed to support a compromise figure of $15.5 billion. We're taking the position that the President said he should meet us half way, and half way between $20.4 billion and $11.6 billion is about $15.5 billion," said Rep. Jim Wright (Tex.).

But Republicans have shown signs of accepting the com-

Wright said he didn't know whether committee Democrats would be willing to go lower or whether they had the votes to hold at $15.5 billion.

The bill would authorize construction grants and operating subsidies, with a federal share of 75 per cent for construction and 50 per cent for operating.

Nine cities that now have rail mass transit systems or are building them would receive 54 per cent of the funds.

Since Washington's Metro subway is being financed under a separate federal authorization, the $20 billion committee bill provides no additional money for its construction. For other area transit purposes, most likely the Metrobus system, it would provide $11 million the first year, of which $4.5 million would be earmarked for suburban Maryland, $3.1 million for suburban Virginia and $3.4 million for the District of Columbia.

The bill would exempt mass transit projects from filing environmental impact statements under the National Environmental Policy Act, substituting its own set of environmental protection standards. Liberal Democrats are expected to offer an amendment to knock out the NEPA exemption, arguing that the bill's standards are vague and that circumventing NEPA sets a dangerous precedent.

The bill also would increase the permissible width of buses on interstate highways from 96 inches to 102 inches and the weight of trucks on interstate highways from 73,280 pounds to 90,000 pounds.

Republicans are expected to try to eliminate or restrict the operating subsidies which

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16

C

THE NEW YORK TIMES

The Stakes

Special to The New York Times

WASHINGTON, Aug. 14—What are the stakes in Cyprus for the United States? Britain, the Soviet Union, Greece, and Turkey? What is each seeking? A nation-by-nation breakdown follows.

UNITED STATES

Washington's overriding interest over the years has been to prevent Cyprus from becoming a point of conflict between Greece and Turkey. They have been what is called the southeaster flank of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization though they are actually not in position as a flank for the Central European area, which would be a principal front in an East-West conflict on the ground. If not overruled in the early days of a hypothetical war, they could be used as a basis for establishing a "second front."

Washington has a few communications installations but no bases on Cyprus. While American military men do not depend on Cyprus they

ears for our
wrapped securely shut with
14.00.

problems went inadequately attended, Mr. Ford said he would go to Congress on Monday to begin work "on the priority business of the nation."

## Kissinger's vindication

Nearly buried in the past week's tumultuous news from Washington was the resolution of another resignation question. Last Tuesday Henry Kissinger, vindicated by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, withdrew his threat to resign just as Richard Nixon's departure from the presidency was becoming inevitable. The timing was coincidental. But the hiatus over Kissinger was related to Nixon's troubles, and the secretary of state's emergence from them is highly encouraging on a number of counts.

First, no American official in recent years has won such high esteem among foreign leaders as Kissinger. His ideas have not always won approval, either at home or overseas, but there is universal respect for his diplomatic skill. Kissinger's prominence was put to important, unusual use in recent days as he stressed the bipartisan nature of American foreign policy and its continuing nature regardless of any changes that might take place in the White House. His reaffirmation by the Foreign Relations Committee was thus particularly timely.

Second, the committee's action shows to people of this country that some in the administration escaped most of the Watergate-type taint. The question before the senators was whether Kissinger

prayer or not, all wish the nation's new president well.

had misled the committee during confirmation hearings last fall about his role in wiretapping newsmen and government officials from 1969 to 1971. Their unanimous conclusion was that he had not. Kissinger's awareness of the wiretaps was not the issue before the committee; neither was their legality and appropriateness. Kissinger had been told by the FBI director that such practices had precedents, and by the attorney general that the wiretaps were legal. A question remains, though, whether Kissinger showed the best judgment in assenting to them.

But on the question of personal integrity he won high marks, and that is the third reason for encouragement. With integrity having been in short supply in a number of other Nixon administration offices, Kissinger's vindication is especially welcome. Recognizing that, and the secretary's outstanding abilities in foreign policy, then-Vice President Ford praised Kissinger as the Nixon crisis mounted. It was appropriate groundwork for the announcement Thursday night that Kissinger would continue to serve in the Ford administration. At the end of the committee review, Sen. Humphrey said of Kissinger, "He's a tremendous national asset." We're glad that President Ford agrees.

## Ford's ren

By James Reston
New York Times Service

### Washington

In the last few months most of the major democratic governments of the world have changed: the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Israel, and several other. But in none has the transition been smoother or uneventful than in the United States.

All the political and economic problems of these nations — mainly inflation — remain the same, and the new leaders have obviously not had time remove them, but here more than almost any where else, the atmosphere in which these problems is discussed has been transformed, almost overnight.

Suddenly, the incessant anxiety and aloof, suspicious, intricate authority of the Nixon administration has vanished; and something very plain, natural and straight, has taken

BL
FBIS 150

[LC]

GREEK DEFENSE MINISTER CONCEDES GREECE COULD NOT WIN A WAR

L151501 PARIS LE MONDE IN FRENCH (15 AUG 74) PP 1,4 L

(ERIC ROULEAU REPORT: "MR KISSINGER'S WATERGATE?")

(EXCERPTS) ATHENS--"CYPRUS WILL PROVE MR KISSINGER'S WATERGATE."
MR (JEAN ZIGDIS) (AS PUBLISHED), ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE
CENTER UNION AND FORMER YEORYIOS PAPANDREOU'S MINISTER, WHO
RECENTLY RETURNED FROM WASHINGTON, WHERE HE WENT INTO EXILE A
FEW MONTHS BEFORE THE COLLAPSE OF THE "COLONELS' REGIME," IS
POSITIVE--THE U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE WAS NOT ONLY AWARE OF THE
COUP FOMENTED AGAINST ARCHBISHOP MAKARIOS BEFORE 15 JULY BUT HAD
ENCOURAGED IT, EVEN IF HE HAD NOT INSTIGATED IT.

IN ANY CASE, NO ONE IN ATHENS DOUBTS THAT THE AMERICAN WERE
BEHIND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOMETHING A FORMER GREEK PRIME
MINISTER, BELIEVED TO BE A LOYAL SUPPORTER OF NATO, DOES NOT
HESITATE TO CALL AN "ATLANTIC SYMPHONY."

THE OBJECTIVE OF THE COUP WERE SIMPLE--THE ELIMINATION OF
ARCHBISHOP MAKARIOS FROM THE POLITICAL SCENE BY ASSASSINATION IN
ORDER TO OPEN THE WAY FOR CYPRUS' "ATLANTIZATION" EITHER BY
ACHIEVING A DE FACTO ENOSIS, WHICH WOULD MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO
INTEGRATE THE ISLAND WITH THE U.S. DEFENSE SYSTEM, OR BY INSTIGATING
A PARTITION WHICH WOULD LEAD TO A SIMILAR RESULT, CONSIDERING
THAT ONE PART OF THE ISLAND WOULD BE ANNEXED BY GREECE AND THE
OTHER BY TURKEY, BOTH "PILLARS" OF NATO IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN.

ARE ATTEMPTS NOW BEING MADE TO GET RID OF MR KARAMANLIS, THE
"GREEK DE GAULLE?" MANY PEOPLE IN ATHENS HAVE COME TO BELIEVE
THIS IN THE PAST FEW DAYS. GREECE'S WITHDRAWAL FROM NATO WILL
PROBABLY CONFIRMS THIS BELIEF. NOR IS THERE ANY LACK OF SIGNS IN
THIS RESPECT. BE THAT AS IT MAY, THE GREEK LEADERS DID NOT TRY TO
CONCEAL THEIR APPREHENSION FROM US. "THE AMERICANS ARE ALLOWING THE
TURKS TO DO AS THEY PLEASE IN CYPRUS--EVERYTHING IS PROCEEDING AS IF
THEY (THE AMERICANS--FBIS) HAD NOT ABANDONED THE IDEA OF
PARTITIONING THE ISLAND, WHILE INFLICTING ON GREECE A POLITICAL AND
MILITARY DISASTER WHICH MR KARAMANLIS COULD HARDLY SURVIVE," SEVERAL
MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT TOLD US.

DURING A PRIVATE TALK WITH US ON 8 AUGUST DEFENSE
MINISTER EVANGELOS AVEROF TOLD US ABOUT HIS GREAT ANXIETY.
"THE JUNTA," HE TOLD US, "HAS LEFT US AN ARMY IN A PITIFUL STATE.
I AM SPENDING MOST OF MY TIME PREPARING OUR FORCES FOR A CONFLICT
WHICH IN MY VIEW IS INELUCTABLE. TURKEY WANTS TO FORCE
US TO ACCEPT A DIKTAT. WE DO NOT WANT A WAR, ESPECIALLY
BECAUSE WE ARE AWARE THAT WE CANNOT WIN IT. WE DESIRE NOT ONLY TO
RESTORE AND DEVELOP FRIENDLY RELATIONS WITH ANKARA BUT ALSO TO
PREVENT THE COLLAPSE OF THE ATLANTIC PACT, TO WHICH WE REMAIN
ATTACHED. BUT THE AMERICANS DO NOT UNDERSTAND THAT THERE ARE LIMITS
TO THE HUMILIATIONS TO WHICH WE ARE SUBJECTED." ON THE FOLLOWING
DAY MR KARAMANLIS SADLY TOLD ONE OF HIS RELATIONS "I HAVE NO
DOUBT THAT WE HAVE TO PAY IN SOME WAY FOR THE JUNTA'S
BLUNDERS. I AM A REALISTIC MAN AND AM PREPARED TO FOOT THE BILL.
BUT IT SHOULD NOT BE EXCESSIVELY HIGH. NO GREEK WOULD ACCEPT IT."

JUDGING BY HIS REMARKS, NEITHER THE GREEK PRIME MINISTER NOR HIS
CLOSEST COLLABORATORS BELIEVED THAT TURKEY WOULD GO AS FAR AS
TO START HOSTILITIES. HE BELIEVED THAT THE UNITED STATES WOULD,
IN ITS OWN INTEREST, HAVE BEEN ABLE TO PREVENT THE OUTBREAK OF AN
ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO NATO MEMBERS.

IF IT IS TRUE THAT MR KISSINGER GAVE TURKEY A "FREE HAND"
TO ACHIEVE THROUGH DIFFERENT MEANS THE OBJECTIVES OF THE UNSUCCESSFUL
CYPRUS COUP, THIS WOULD MEAN THAT HE TRAGICALLY UNDERESTIMATED THE
DYNAMISM OF GREEK NATIONALISM. EVEN IF A JUNTA WERE TO REPLACE MR
KARAMANLIS, IT REIGN COULD WELL BE SHORT. THE "MAGICIAN"
HAS ALREADY LOST HIS STAKE IN ATHENS. GREECE'S WITHDRAWAL FROM
NATO IS MERELY THE FIRST SIGN OF A POWERFUL ANTI-U.S. BLIND
ROLLER STIRRING HELLENSIM IN DEPTH.

15 AUG 1716Z RK/MC