Declined:

* John Browne, BP

* Robert M. Gates, Texas A & M University (LHG left word)

* Richard Lugar, Senate Foreign Relations Committee

* Richard Perle, American Enterprise Institute

* George P. Shultz, Hoover Institution

* Martin Wolf, Financial Times

No Response:

* Joe Biden, U.S. Senate (LHG left word)

* Timothy Garton Ash, Oxford (invitation faxed 4/21)

* James R. Schlesinger, Lehman Brothers (LHG left word)

Potential Republican Additions:

* Richard Burt (former Ambassador to Germany, International Equity Partners)

* Eliot Cohen (SAIS)

* William Cohen (former Secretary of Defense, The Cohen Group)

* Lawrence Eagleburger (former Secretary of State, Baker, Donaldson, Bearman and Caldwell)

* Francis Fukuyama (SAIS)

* Robert Kimmitt (former Ambassador to Germany, AOL Time Warner)

* William Kristol (The Weekly Standard)

Memorandum

**To:** Henry Kissinger, Larry Summers

**From:** Charles A. Kupchan

**Date:** April 23, 2003

**Subject:** CFR Task Force on Transatlantic Relations

This memo lays out the agenda for the conference call that will take place tomorrow from 12 to 12:30 p.m. For your reference, please find attached an updated list of responses from invited participants and a list of Republicans we could invite to achieve political balance.

**12:00-12:15 p.m. Task Force Membership**

Kissinger, Summers, Bartholomew, Gelb, Kupchan

Several of the invited Republicans have declined to join the group (Gates, Lugar, Perle, and Shultz). We need to discuss extending invitations to additional Republicans. We also need to discuss the participation of Kagan and Browne, neither of whom can attend the first two meetings.

**12:15-12:30 p.m. Agenda for May 5**

Kissinger, Summers, Bartholomew, Kupchan

Please refer to my memo of yesterday proposing an agenda for the May 5 meeting. We also need to discuss the potential participation of members by speakerphone and/or videoconference.

CFR Task Force on Transatlantic Relations
Reading List

Bergsten, C. Fred, "America and Europe: Clash of the Titans?" *Foreign Affairs*, Vol. 78, No. 2 (March/April 1999).

Bergsten, C. Fred, "The Transatlantic Century," *The Washington Post*, April 30, 2002.

Blair, Tony, "Speech to the Polish Stock Exchange," Warsaw, October 6, 2000.

Chirac, Jacques, "Our Europe," German Bundestag, Berlin, June 27, 2000.

European Commission, "Overview" in "Spring 2003 Economic Forecasts," April 8, 2003.

Fischer, Joschka, "From Confederacy to Federation – Thoughts on the finality of European integration," Humboldt University, Berlin, May 12, 2000.

Garton Ash, Timothy, "Anti-Europeanism in America," *The New York Review of Books*, February 13, 2003.

Ikenberry, G. John, "Getting hegemony right," *The National Interest*, No. 63 (Spring 2001).

Joffe, Josef, "Continental Divides," *The National Interest*, No. 71 (Spring 2003).

Judt, Tony, "America and the World," *The New York Review of Books*, April 10, 2003.

Judt, Tony, "Anti-Americans Abroad," *The New York Review of Books*, May 1, 2003.

Kagan, Robert, "Power and Weakness," *Policy Review*, No. 113 (June/July 2002).

Kissinger, Henry A., "America and Europe: The World of Democracies" in *Does America Need a Foreign Policy? Toward a Diplomacy for the 21st Century* (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001).

Kissinger, Henry A., "A Dangerous Divergence," *The Washington Post*, December 10, 2002.

Kissinger, Henry A., "The 'Made in Berlin' Generation," *The Washington Post*, October 30, 2002.

Kissinger, Henry A., "Repairing the Atlantic Alliance," *The Washington Post*, April 14, 2003.

Kissinger, Henry A., "Role Reversal and Alliance Realities," *The Washington Post*, February 10, 2003.

Knowlton, Brian, "A global image on the way down," *International Herald Tribune*, December 6, 2002.

Kupchan, Charles A., "The Atlantic Alliance Lies in the Rubble," *Financial Times*, April 10, 2003.

Kupchan, Charles A., "The End of the West," *Atlantic Monthly*, November 2002.

Kupchan, Charles A., "The Last Days of the Atlantic Alliance," *Financial Times*, November 18, 2002.

Quinlan, Joseph P., "Executive Summary" in *Drifting Apart or Growing Together? The Primacy of the Transatlantic Economy* (Washington: Center for Transatlantic Relations, 2003).

Sapir, André, "Old and New Issues in EC-US Trade Disputes," Conference Paper, April 5, 2002.

Solana, Javier, "Mars and Venus Reconciled: A New Era for Transatlantic Relations," Albert H. Gordon Lecture, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, April 7, 2003.

"The State of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership," Debate between Christopher Patten and Richard Perle, The Trilateral Commission, 26th European Meeting, Prague, October 20, 2002.

To: Henry Kissinger and Larry Summers

From: Charles Kupchan

Subject: CFR Task Force on Transatlantic Relations

Date: April 21, 2003

This memo lays out the decisions we reached in our New York meeting of April 1 and summarizes the steps we are taking in preparation for the first meeting of the task force on May 5.

We are planning three meetings of the task force. The May 5 meeting will focus on diagnosing the causes and mapping out the implications of the current transatlantic rift. The June 16 meeting will address the policy agenda, focusing on steps that can be taken to put the transatlantic relationship on a sounder foundation. At the meeting of July 22, we will discuss the actual content of the task force report. We expect release of the final report in September.

The May 5 meeting will address three central questions:

1. What is the nature of the current rift in transatlantic relations? How serious is it?

2. What are its causes?

3. What are the implications for U.S. national interests, international institutions, and the international system as a whole?

We will spend roughly one and one-half hours on each question. At the beginning of each of the three sections of the meeting, both of you will make 5-7 minutes of opening remarks. I will then follow with 3-5 minutes of additional comments. We will then open the discussion to task force members.

I attach a list indicating which invited participants have accepted and which have declined. We can discuss during our April 23 conference call whether we should extend any new invitations.

I also attach a draft list of reading materials that will be sent to task force participants. Please add to this list as you see fit. We intend to mail out the reading packet by Wednesday, April 23.

Please let me know if you have further thoughts on the agenda for the May 5 meeting or any other suggestions pertaining to preparations for the task force.

"The State of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership," *Debate between Christopher Patten and Richard Perle, The Trilateral Commission, 26th European Meeting, Prague, October 20, 2002*.

# Transatlantic Relations Task Force Members

## As of April 21, 2003

### Accepted:

* Giuliano Amato, European Convention

* Reginald Bartholomew, Merrill Lynch Europe

* L. Paul Bremer III, MMC Enterprise Risk Co.

* Harold Brown, Center for Strategic & International Studies

* Thierry de Montbrial, Ifri

* Thomas E. Donilon, Fannie Mae

* Martin Feldstein, Harvard University

* John Lewis Gaddis, Yale University

* G. John Ikenberry, Georgetown University

* Joe Joffe, Die Zeit

* Sylvia Mathews, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

* William J. McDonough, Federal Reserve Bank of NY

* Andrzej Olechowski, Civic Platform

* Felix Rohatyn, Rohatyn Associates LLC

* Brent Scowcroft, Forum for International Policy

* Anne-Marie Slaughter, Princeton University

* Daniel K. Tarullo, Georgetown University Law Center

* Laura D'Andrea Tyson, London Business School

* Stephen M. Walt, Harvard University

### Observers:

* Caroline Atkinson, Council on Foreign Relations

* Benn Steil, Council on Foreign Relations

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Accepted:

* Thierry de Montbrial, Ifri

* Joe Joffe, Die Zeit

Observers:

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001

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

58 EAST 68TH STREET • NEW YORK • NEW YORK 10021

Tel 212 434 9400 Fax 212 434 9880 www.cfr.org

FAX TRANSMISSION COVER SHEET

Date: April 18, 2003
To: Henry Kissinger
Larry Summers
Charlie Kupchan
Re: Lord John Browne
Sender: Les Gelb

YOU SHOULD RECEIVE 2 PAGE(S), INCLUDING THIS COVER SHEET. IF YOU DO NOT
RECEIVE ALL THE PAGES, PLEASE CALL 212-434-9569

I'm passing along a letter I received from John Browne. I think it is a great idea to get his comments on the report, and we should take him up on this offer. What do you think?

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COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

58 EAST 68TH STREET • NEW YORK • NEW YORK 10021
Tel 212 434 9400 Fax 212 434 9800 www.cfr.org

FAX TRANSMISSION COVER SHEET

**Date:** April 17, 2003

**To:** 
Henry A. Kissinger
Lawrence H. Summers
Charles Kupchan

**Fax:** 
212/759-0042
617/495-8550
202/986-2984

**Re:** Martin Wolf

**Sender:** Les Gelb

YOU SHOULD RECEIVE ONE PAGE(S), INCLUDING THIS COVER SHEET. IF YOU DO NOT RECEIVE ALL THE PAGES, PLEASE CALL 212-434-9543

Martin Wolf phoned this morning to say he won't be able to make the first meeting but is prepared to take a full briefing and give his full comments. He can make the second meeting in June and would make a full effort to attend all the other meetings.

The main serious potential problem is that he probably would not be able to sign in any fashion the report produced by the Task Force given his profession. He's checking with his editor and will get back to me on this. But you folks have to think hard whether or not you want a participant who cannot sign.

I told him I would get back to him with your collective judgment as soon as possible.

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News Release

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

58 EAST 68TH STREET • NEW YORK • NEW YORK 10021
Tel 212 434 9888 Fax 212 434 9832 Website www.cfr.org

Senior Statesmen Henry Kissinger and Lawrence Summers Chair
New Council Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Europe

Contact: Lisa Shields, Vice President, Communications, (212) 434-9888

April ****, 2003—With the United States facing the greatest transatlantic rift in 50 years, former Secretary of State **Henry Kissinger** and former Secretary of the Treasury **Lawrence Summers**, will co-chair a Council-sponsored independent task force on a new U.S. policy toward Europe. The bi-partisan task force will bring together leaders from business, former senior government officials, and policy experts to address the rift.

"I can't imagine two more able people than Henry Kissinger and Larry Summers to take on this challenge," said Council President Leslie H. Gelb.

The Task Force addresses four core questions:

* How serious is the current transatlantic rift and how did it come about?

* How important are good working relationships with Europe, including institutional ties, to America's interests?

* Is it possible to put the transatlantic community on a sounder basis, and if so, what are America's strategic options? Do we need to substantially reorient relations?

* What precise policy paths and actions should the United States be prepared to take to carry out the preferred strategy?

Council Senior Fellow and former National Security Council official **Charles Kupchan** is the Task Force project director. The group will also include a number of European experts.

**The Council-sponsored Task Force on Transatlantic Relations** is made possible by generous grants from ENI SpA and Merrill Lynch.

Established in 1921, the **Council on Foreign Relations** is a nonpartisan membership organization, publisher, and think tank, dedicated to increasing America's understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this mainly by promoting constructive debates and discussions, clarifying world issues, and publishing *Foreign Affairs*, the leading journal on global issues.

For more information, go to http://www.cfr.org

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APR 0 2003

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

FAX TRANSMISSION COVER SHEET

**Date:** April 9, 2003
**To:** Henry Kissinger
Larry Summers
**Re:** Task Force Draft Press Release
**Sender:** Abigail Zoba

Please see the attached draft press release for the Transatlantic Relations task force. If we don't hear back from you in the next 24 hrs, we will release the draft to our two funders and then to the press.

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News Release

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

April ****, 2003—With the United States facing the greatest transatlantic rift in 50 years, Former Secretary of State **Henry Kissinger** and former Secretary of the Treasury **Lawrence Summers**, will co-chair a Council-sponsored independent task force on a new U.S. policy toward Europe. The bi-partisan task force will bring together leaders from business, former senior government officials, and policy experts to address the rift.

* If the transatlantic community is to be put on a sounder foundation, what are America's strategic options? Do we need to substantially reorient relations?

Established in 1921, the **Council on Foreign Relations** is a nonpartisan membership organization, publisher, and think tank, dedicated to increasing America's understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this mainly by promoting constructive debates and discussions, clarifying world issues, and publishing **Foreign Affairs**, the leading journal on global issues.

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COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

Leslie H. Gelb
President

March 26, 2003

**Board of Directors**

Peter G. Peterson
Chairman

Carla A. Hills
Vice Chairman

William J. McDonough
Vice Chairman

David Rockefeller
Honorary Chairman

Maurice R. Greenberg
Honorary Vice Chairman

Fouad Ajami
Jeffrey Bewkes
Henry S. Bienen
Lee Cullum
John Deutch
Kenneth M. Duberstein
Peggy Dulany
Jessica P. Einhorn
Martin S. Feldstein
Leslie H. Gelb, ex officio
Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.
Richard C. Holbrooke
Robert D. Hormats
Bette Bao Lord
Vincent A. Mai
George J. Mitchell
Michael H. Moskow
Ronald L. Olson
Thomas R. Pickering
Robert E. Rubin
Warren B. Rudman
Theodore C. Sorensen
George Soros
Joan E. Spero
Laura D'Andrea Tyson
Garrick Utley
Vin Weber
Andrew Young

Dear XYZ:

I have established policy task forces here for the last decade, none more consequential for our country than the one on U.S. Policy Toward Europe that I ask you to join on behalf of its co-chairs Henry Kissinger and Lawrence Summers. As is our tradition, task force members will be diverse in their politics and expertise.

The task force will shape the exact nature of its mission as it proceeds, but the core questions will be: (1) How serious is the current transatlantic rift and how did it come about? (2) How important are good working relationships with Europe, including institutional ties, to America's interests? (3) If the transatlantic community is to be put on a sounder foundation, what are America's strategic options? Do we need to substantially reorient relations? and (4) What precise policy paths and actions should the U.S. be prepared to take to carry out the preferred strategy?

Our task force numbers will hold at about 25, including a handful of highly respected European policy experts.

Our initial schedule calls for three meetings or four to five hours each. The first two meetings are set for May 5 and June 16. We expect, as you would expect, regular attendance.

Our aim in this endeavor is, as usual, to produce a clearly-worded report with a clear sense of policy direction. To avoid composed mush, task force members have the right to dissent from the report in whole or part and have their views printed along with the full report.

I can't imagine two people better able to lead this daunting and essential effort than Henry and Larry. Charles Kupchan, our Director of European Studies and a professor at Georgetown, will serve very ably as the project director. Charlie will phone you to follow up or you may wish to speak to me directly as the group is being formed.

All best,

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LONDON (Reuters) - British Prime Minister Tony Blair (news - web sites) said on Tuesday relations between Europe and the United States would have to be re-assessed after the war in Iraq (news - web sites).

"There is, at the end of this, going to have to be a discussion and indeed a reckoning about the relations between America and Europe," he told a news conference.

In the run-up to war, huge divisions emerged within the United Nations (news - web sites). Britain backed Washington's hawkish stance on Iraq while the French and Germans opposed a second U.N. resolution sanctioning war.

Some commentators have predicted the two sides will struggle to reconcile those differences and have warned that failure to do so could undermine the United Nations as a force for solving future international crises.

Blair, who has gambled his political future on the decision to follow the United States into war, said it was wrong to stereotype Europe's leading powers as simply pro- or anti-war. He insisted there was wide support for his hard-line stance on Iraq -- particularly among the mainly Eastern European countries who are due to join the bloc shortly. "It is not correct that Europe is all one-way in relation to this," he told reporters.

"If you treat the accession countries as they will be this time next year -- as members of the European Union (news - web sites) -- there is a majority for our position inside Europe."

However, he conceded there was "a substantial body" of European opinion opposed to the war.

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Blair said that, ultimately, Europeans would never jeopardize their ties with the United States.

"When people really sit down and reflect upon the interest of Europe they would regard the idea of sacrificing the transatlantic alliance as madness, as it would be -- absolute madness," he said.

He refuted the charge that Washington wanted to pursue "a unilateralist path without care for the rest of the world" and said the U.N. should have been able to have come to an agreement over the second resolution.

He also touched briefly on the prospect of Britain joining the European single currency, saying that while it was "a political matter about Britain's relations with Europe" it was also dependent on the euro meeting five economic tests which the government has set.

The Blair government has said it will call a referendum on euro membership only if it believes the five tests have been met by this summer.

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MAR 21 2003

Memorandum

**From:** Les Gelb

**Date:** March 20, 2003

**Subject:** Task Force on Transatlantic Relations

Focus

This task force will examine three questions:

1. How deep is the current rift between the United States and Europe and is it more serious than the periods of tension during the Cold War?

2. If the differences are now profound, is the transatlantic relationship worth preserving?

3. What should be the new strategy and policies to put the transatlantic relationship on a sounder foundation?

Organization/Membership

A Council-sponsored, US-led task force, to include about twenty American and five European policy experts to examine U.S. policy. If a separate European group develops, the CFR task force should be prepared to share its report with this group, which may draft a statement to accompany the task force report.

Possible Members:

See attached list

## Duration

The Task Force will hold at least three meetings and then continue to meet as long as required to complete its mission.

## Product

The Task Force will publish one or more papers, and whatever else is deemed necessary.

## Funding

The Council has secured a minimum of $50,000 from Merrill Lynch. Additional funding from ENI is pending. A grant proposal submitted to the German Marshall Fund includes a request to fund task force follow-up.

## Budget

The budget will depend on the number and location of meetings.

## Staffing

Co-Chairs: 
Henry Kissinger 
Larry Summers

Project Director: 
Charles Kupchan

Project Coordinator: 
Walter Givhan

Research Associate: 
Jamie Fly

# Prospective Transatlantic Relations Task Force Members

## American Members

### Kissinger and Summers Agree:

* Joseph Biden, Senate Foreign Relations Committee

* David Dreier, House Rules Committee

* [Tony R. Judt, New York University]

* Robert Kagan, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Summers Suggested Deletions:

* S. Lael Brainard, The Brookings Institution

* Jessica T. Mathews, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

* Adam S. Posen, Institute for International Economics

Summers Suggested Additions:

* Stuart E. Eizenstat, Covington & Burling

* Richard C. Holbrooke, Perseus, LLC

* James B. Steinberg, The Brookings Institution

Observers:

## Other Prospective Members:

### Belgian

* Paul De Grauwe, University of Leuven

### British

* Alyson J.K. Bailes, Stockholm Int'l Peace Research Inst.

* Leon Brittan, UBS

* Don Cruickshank, London Stock Exchange

* Niall W. A. FitzGerald, Unilever

* Lawrence Freedman, King's College London

* Timothy Garton Ash, Oxford University

* Eddie George, Bank of England

* Charles Grant, Centre for European Reform

* Charles Guthrie, former Chief of British Defence Staff

* William Wallace, London School of Economics

### German

* Christoph Bertram, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik

* Klaus Naumann

* Karl Otto Pöhl, former President of Deutsche Bundesbank

* Thomas Risse, Freie Universität Berlin

* Dieter Spoeri, Daimler Chrysler

* Walter Stuetzle

### Hungarian

* István Gyarmati, East-West Institute

### Italian

* Marco Tronchetti-Provera, Telecom Italia and Pirelli

## Summers, Gelb, and Kupchan Suggested Deletions:

* Leszek Balcerowicz, National Bank of Poland