OFFICE OF
HENRY A. KISSINGER

December 31, 1986

Dear Mr. Ambassador:

Dr. Kissinger has been out of the country for the holidays and asked that the enclosed letter to you be delivered prior to his return.

Sir Anthony Acland
Ambassador
British Embassy
3100 Massachusetts Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20008

Enclosure

war, in the second world war, in 1945, aged 50, he pressed to be dropped with an airborne division north of Rome — a daring operation which, had it been carried out, would almost certainly have ended as a pre-run of Arnhem, and just as disastrously. The following year, he positively revelled at being besieged in the British embassy in Athens, under fire from communist insurgents.

A few days after the murder in Ireland of Mountbatten, I made one of my visits to Birch Grove. On the table by his armchair was a new white bell-button: "Don't touch it, dear boy, I'm only to ring after I've been blown up, and then police will come in 10 minutes. Isn't that thoughtful of them!"

The police had also asked him to

effort that visit must have required.

One of the great benefits of
Oxford to him was the con-
tact it gave him with young
ideas, and he kept himself
marvellously informed on
current affairs and new
developments on every pos-
sible topic. By 11.30am, when
he would emerge from his
"fortress" for our daily taping
sessions, he would somehow
have read the news and al-
ready evaluated, and com-
posed mental leaders on it.

"I've just bet Peter Carrington £50," he remarked during the stickiest passage of the Rhodesia conference in November 1979, "that he's going to get a settlement. The Russians have got too good a thing going for them in Iran; so they'll dump Nkomo and concentrate on the Ayatollah." He won his bet.

Modern technology, like
the "chip" and the new
Heidelberg printing machine
employed by Macmillans, fas-
cinated him and he wavered
between dark pessimism over
the debility of the West ("The
barbarians" have
won . . . Russian commissars
will be in this swimming pool
in a few hours' time"), and for
almost boundless optimism
for a leisured future where the
"chip" would make un-
employment both respectable
and redundant.

IT WAS this mixture of pessimism and optimism that characterised his maiden speech as Earl of Stockton in November 1984. One of his great tours de force, an

◀ He was most reticent about his near conversion to Roman Catholicism ▶

hour and recall
gloom of his fa-
cabinet secretary
cheer up Winsto-
way, did you kr
the last survivor
for yourself, d
Winston, replied
him!"

Macmillan pro-
this theme at hi
celebration at B
which also hap-
the death of And
me he remarked
ful of Mr Andro

Macmillan's
was whether some
was fun or a bor-
crisis was "a bit
the country was

communion as long as
At home in the house, I
for the Bible whenever I
still find religion a
help."

One of the least known
sodes in his life, and
about which he was a
most reticent, was his
conversion to Roman Ca-
icism at the beginning of
first world war. ("The
mony was all so beaut-
done — rather like the B
of Guards!" he expla-
compounding once again
"flippant" with the "ser-
"I think it created in
view of perfection wh
didn't have before.")
great friend and mentor,
nie Knox, did "pope"
Macmillan jibbed at th
fence.

(Back on the ironies of

a ne
St

outstanding triumph of men

01-836 6633
(after 5.30pm 0533)

JAN 23 1987 [LC]

4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET
LONDON WC2R 3LF

January 19, 1987

Dear Mr and Mrs Kussmiger,

On behalf of all his family
I would like to thank you for the
kind and generous minste on my
grandfather's draft. Naturally he
will be missed by us all, but since
is consideration at his sad time in
the affection and support of his friends
and associates throughout the world
and especially in the United States
with whose people he always had so
great a rapport, both because of
his American mother and because of
his dealings with administrators
over more than forty years.

OFFICE OF
HENRY A. KISSINGER

March 2, 1987

Dear Ms. Madigan:

Our apologies for the enormous delay in
getting back to you regarding your
January 8th letter to Dr. Kissinger. A
series of extended trips abroad in recent
weeks has created quite a backlog in his
correspondence.

Dr. Kissinger very much appreciates your
interest in including him in your forth-
coming book. Unfortunately, however, other
writing commitments and a very full schedule
between now and your April 1st deadline at
Macmillan make it impossible for him to
devote the attention he would like to your
questions. He hopes you will understand
and sends every good wish for the success
of Kids World.

Ms. Carol Orsag Madigan
6939 Oporto Drive
Los Angeles, California 90068

SUITE 1021 • 1800 K STREET, N. W. • WASHINGTON, D. C. 20006 • (202) 872-0300

[4]

HK:

A request from co-author Carol Orsag Madigan to contribute to Kids World, an almanac/reference book for the 10-14 year old age group--to cover history, language, sports, arts & sciences, kids' problems & feelings.

For a chapter entitled "Famous Americans Talk to Kids", she's asking 20 noted individuals to answer one or more of the attached 5 questions.

You'll receive a complimentary copy of the book and any letters from children who've written in regarding your contribution.

Fee: $25 for all rights

Deadline: manuscript due in at Macmillan Publishing by April 1st

Regret & explain schedule

Prefer __________

Jody

CLC

JAN 12 1987

CAROL ORSAG MADIGAN

6939 Oporto Drive
Los Angeles, CA 90068
(213) 851-7503

January 8, 1987

Henry Kissinger
Suite 400
1800 K Street NW
Washington, D.C. 20006

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

I am currently co-authoring an almanac/reference book for children (ages 10-14). Titled *Kids World*, it will be published by the Macmillan Company in New York and will contain a variety of subjects: history, language, sports, the arts, science, children's problems and feelings. In 1981 I co-authored a similar kind of book for Macmillan--*The Macmillan Illustrated Almanac for Kids*. The letters we received from children about the *Almanac* were both delightful and heart-rendering. While they enjoyed the "fun" and "how to" aspects of the book, they particularly responded to the sections that dealt with growing up, the future, feelings, and school. In this new book, *Kids World*, we plan to devote a considerable amount of space to those areas.

We would very much like to have you participate in *Kids World*. We are calling one chapter of the book, "Famous Americans Talk to Kids." We are asking 20 noted Americans to contribute to this chapter by asking them to answer one or more of the 5 questions which I have enclosed. We understand how very busy you are and ask that you answer at least one or two of the questions. If you want to respond to more, please do!

Because you are a respected and admired American, your participation in this project would be greatly appreciated. Children *do* read and are influenced by books. We are certain that your thoughts and advice will be a valuable contribution.

A self-addressed, stamped envelope is enclosed for your convenience. We wish we could pay you what you usually receive, but our minuscule budget can only afford $25 for all rights. Please sign the bottom of our questionnaire before returning it.

When the book is published, we will send you a complimentary copy. Also, if we receive any letters from children regarding your contribution, we will forward them to you.

Writing this book, as well as the first *Almanac*, has been an enriching, learning experience for me. As an adult, one tends to forget the fantasies, feelings, and vulnerabilities that are a big part of being a kid. The sections of *Kids World* that deal

with growing up are my particular favorites.

Again, we hope you will participate in our "Famous Americans" chapter. We would appreciate hearing from you as soon as possible since we must deliver the final manuscript to Macmillan by April 1.

I have enclosed a review of the first *Almanac* to give you a better idea of the kind of reference book that we are writing. If you have any questions, please feel free to write or call me at: 213-851-7503. Thank you in advance for your cooperation.

P.S. At your convenience, we would also appreciate receiving a 5 x 7 or 8 x 10 photo of you to print in the book.

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR KIDS WORLD

To be published by The Macmillan Publishing Co.

Please answer one or more of the following questions. Please
sign and return to:

Carol Orsag Madigan
6939 Oporto Drive
Los Angeles, CA 90068

1) What thing(s) do you know now that you wished you knew when you were a kid?

2) People think that we kids are going to grow up and change the world--make it a better place to live in. What changes do you think we should try to make?

[c]

2--questionnaire, Kids World

3) If for one day, you could be any person in the world, living or dead, who would you be? Why?

4) When you were growing up, was there a special person--
teacher, parent, relative, friend--who helped you to become the
person you are today? Who was that person and what important
things did you learn from that person?

Ann Elwood, Carol Orsag, and Sidney Solomon,
**Macmillan Illustrated Almanac for Kids**

1981. 429pp. $7.95 pbk. Ages 10-14

Macmillan. 0-02-043040. LC 83-26296

The authors have used short sketches under snap-
py headings to inform and amuse readers. Fiction
and nonfiction materials are included as well as bi-
ographies and tips for personal living. Magic tricks
and secret codes are added for fun. The first chap-
ter includes the almanac's special survey which I
plan to use at the beginning of the school year to
whet interest and curiosity in the library. The table
of contents lists each chapter heading and sub-
jects. Index.

The book is directed to middle school readers, but any reader would find much to his interest for browsing or serious reading. Tips and guides span topics such as diseases, body changes, legal rights, money matters, and the theatrical arts. This is a book geared to the young reader which succeeds.

HIGHLY RECOMMENDED for reference and general reading. Nan Daubenspeck

[LC]

EYJ

HENRY A. KISSINGER

March 13, 1987

Dear Mr. Prime Minister:

I would like to express my extreme gratitude for everything that you, your government, and ISIS did for me during my visit last week to Kuala Lumpur. It was an incredibly interesting, informative and enjoyable two days that I will long remember with much fondness. The group you assembled from ASEAN was truly impressive, and I learned a great deal from the stimulating discussions that took place. Only very rarely does one have such a unique opportunity.

On a more personal note, I want you to know how honored I was by your generosity of time. It was a distinct pleasure to have been able to meet with you privately at dinner when I arrived. Thank you again for making it all possible.

His Excellency
Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
Prime Minister of Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur

SUITE 1021 • 1800 K STREET, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. 20006 • (202) 872-0300

ELCJ

BAKER·WINOKUR
PUBLIC RELATIONS INC.

Beverly Hills • New York

OCT 2 1987

September 25, 1987

Dr. Henry Kissinger
1800 K Street N.W. Suite #1400
Washington, D.C. 20006

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

I am writing to you in regards to the Fifth International Integrity Awards Gala which will be held on October 23rd at the Beverly Hilton Hotel. John Forsythe has agreed to be our host for the evening.

As you can see, The Integrity Awards honor individuals who exemplify integrity in their personal or professional lives and we ask other individuals of the same caliber to present their awards to them at the Gala. This year's recipients will be Dr. Robert Gale, Ralph Nader and Oliver Stone. Past recipients include Mother Teresa, Buckminster Fuller, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Mayor Tom Bradley and Trevor Ferrell among others.

In accordance with your prestigious career and the fact that both you and Dr. Gale have been significant in creating better relations with the Soviet Union, we feel it would be additionally momentous if you could send a congratulatory message to Dr. Gale that we would have read at the Gala, prior to presenting him with the award. I encourage you to look over the enclosed material and please let me know if you have any questions on the organization or the award. I would appreciate you sending the congratulatory message to me at the above address.

Thank you for your time and effort in advance. We look forward to a positive response and appreciate you bringing an additional note of integrity to our evening.

SJM/ww

9348 Civic Center Drive Suite 407, Beverly Hills, CA 90210 • (213) 278-1460 • Fax: (213) 278-2571
31 East 32nd St. 12th Floor, New York, NY 10016 • (212) 481-8100 • Fax: (212) 481-5271

Via Rapifax

MEMO FOR HAK

FROM: Rosemary

RE: Congratulatory Telegram to Dr. Robert Gale on Award Receipt??

10/18/87

A PR firm in Beverly Hills has written asking if you would send a congratulatory message to Dr. Robert Gale - the bone marrow transplant expert who went to the USSR after Chernobyl - who will receive something called the "Integrity Award" shortly at a big gala in California. John Forsythe is hosting the evening.

The Integrity Award is given annually by something called the John-Roger Foundation, a non-profit group which modestly states its purpose as "the upliftment of the planet through its commitment to the enrichment of individual life". It supports any projects involved with transformational, philosophical and inspiration education, health, science, etc "and the study of individual and world peace.

Ralph Nader and Oliver Stone are also getting awards this year. The letter boasts that among others Mother Teresa and Lech Welesa have been past recipients.

There are a number of movie stars on the Committee.

Unless you know Gale or anyone on the Committee, can we just regret?

____ Regret; HK travelling

____ Approve brief telegram: "Dear Dr. Gale: Congratulations and best wishes on the occasion of your receiving the 1987 International Integrity Award. All best wishes for the future. Henry A. Kissinger"

Beverly Hills • New York

OCT 2 1987

2

September 25, 1987

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

SJM/ww

International Benefit
Committee

3

Sheldon W. Andelson
Jack Anderson
Paul Anka
Conrad Bain
Adrienne Barbeau
Jacqueline Bisset
Joseph Bologna
Mayor Tom Bradley
Charles Bronson
Pierce and Cassandra Brosnan
Dr. Joyce Brothers
Dr. Helen Caldicott
Barbara Carrera
William R. Chaney
Norman Cousins
Mary Crosby
Olivia De Havilland
Count Patrick De Warren
Countess Monique De Warren
Jodie Evans
Tony and Rita Franciosa
Genie Francis
Zsa Zsa Gabor
Ann Getty
Dr. Tony Grant
Valerie Harper
Charlton Heston
Colin Higgins
Barron and Marilyn Hilton
Francesca Hilton
Arianna Huffington

Lainie Kazan
James Keach
Sally Kirkland
David and Dey Ladd
Judith Light
Yulla Lipchitz
Eb Lottimer
Shirley MacLaine
Robert Muller
Carl Parsons
Frank and Katherine Price
Christopher Reeve
Robert de Rothschild
Robert Rowan
Paul Ryan
Dr. Jonas Salk
Les and Heather Sinclair
Timothea Stewart
Rene Taylor
Leigh Taylor-Young
Toni Tennille
Bishop Desmond Tutu
Mort Viner
Jerry and Jane Weintraub
Lori Weintraub
Sy Weintraub
Fred and Mary Willard
Carl Wilson
Stevie Wonder
Michael and Pat York
Leonard F. Walentynowicz

JOHN-ROGER
FOUNDATION

2101 Wilshire Boulevard • Santa Monica, CA 90403 • (213) 828-0535

Beverly Hills • New York

4

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CONTACT: SHARRY MANNING

1987 INTERNATIONAL INTEGRITY
AWARD RECIPIENTS
ANNOUNCED

Dr. Robert Gale, consumer advocate Ralph Nader and filmmaker Oliver Stone were announced as the 1987 International Integrity Award recipients during the Fifth Annual Kick-Off party held on Thursday, June 18th, at the Bel Age Hotel.

The Crystal Integrity Award is given annually by the John-
Roger Foundation, a non-profit organization, to three individuals
who manifest the highest standards of personal integrity and
thereby affect a positive change in the world. Each recipient is
awarded a gift of $10,000 to be given to a charity of their
choice. Former recipients of the award include: Mother Teresa,
Bishop Tutu, Buckminster Fuller, Dr. Jonas Salk, Mayor Tom
Bradley, Trevor Ferrell, Lech Walesa, Stevie Wonder, Ken Kragen,
Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Helen Caldicott and Robert Muller.

Dr. Robert Gale, Associate Professor of Medicine U.C.L.A., was selected by the award committee for his commitment to his chosen field in spearheading the advancement of bone marrow transplantation and for his efforts on behalf of those suffering from the effects of radiation after the catastrophic accident that occurred in the Chernobyl nuclear plant in the Soviet Union. Ralph Nader was chosen by the committee for his enduring crusade in galvanizing a generation of consumer advocates to challenge the standards of public safety and effect meaningful change in the arenas of health, pollution control, access to government and freedom of information. Oliver Stone was named as a recipient for his masterful use of the motion picture medium to expose a whole new generation to the waste and horror of war, and to educate the world at large of the tyranny and human repression facing the people of war-torn countries.

5

The John-Roger Foundation provides support for a variety of
organizations and community projects involved with education,
health, science and research, community service and the study of
individual world peace. The foundation is dedicated to the
upliftment of the planet through its commitment to the enrichment
of individual life.

Some of the celebrities in attendance at the Fundraising
Kick-off party were Alan Rachins and wife Joanna Frank, who
announced this year's recipients, Leigh Taylor-Young, Sarah
Douglas, Steve Levitt, Judith Light, Cindy Morgan, Albert Hague,
Tracey E. Bregman and Christopher Maher.

The awards will be presented to this year's recipients at
the Black-tie Gala on October 23rd at the Beverly Hilton in
Beverly Hills.

* * *

6/18/87

SJM/ww

LCT

6

integrity... as a Heartfelt Response

We are coming to a crossroad in our lives when we'll have to decide whether or not we're going to live for our own personal gain or for the gain of humanity. It is with each of us that Integrity must begin in order to bring harmony and balance to this planet.

Integrity is having the courage to go with the truth as you know it as a heartfelt response, with care and consideration for others. When you come into that "place," everything that you do is done with a sense of completeness and honesty and nowness and truth. You are in alignment with your Self and integrated with your own inner reality. You'll find that people notice the honesty in your expression. They will also find themselves wanting to be with you, because your mere presence uplifts those around you. To be a person of Integrity, you will come to the realization that you will not compromise yourself or the truth within you any longer.

How can you tell if a person is living a life of Integrity? I have found two landmarks that are always present: courtesy and consideration. Isn't it amazing how we were told these things on our mothers' and fathers' knees? They taught us to be courteous to our elders and to be considerate to our fellow man. And yet, even though we know better, we don't always do better. For the favors of another person, many a man has surrendered one of his most precious possessions— his Integrity. Once it is given away, the struggle to regain it can be a long and tiring one.

Watch carefully that you do not sell yourself short or out. Whatever you are tempted to sell yourself to or for is not as valuable as you are. It can be easy to give in to despair, give up to mistakes, and give out resentment. The real challenge is to be strong enough to cast away despair and conquer the desire to stop trying. So, build those things inside yourself which are solid and cannot be shaken.

Another word for Integrity is loving. When you are truly loving yourself and your fellow human beings, you simply won't deceive or hurt yourself or them. You simply won't. When you are present in your loving nature, you will be honest, and you will find that the honesty does not hurt anyone intentionally. It can only be valuable to them, because honesty and loving are always valuable. And as you realize that there is no reason to hide what is true for you, you find yourself living a life of Integrity, a life of loving. In so doing, you open yourself to an inner experience of loving and freedom that transcends words.

Integrity is inside of you and has always been there. Inside of you there is room for everyone— for every country, every culture, every other religion and belief. There is room for everyone and there is no need for conflict. When you first become aware of it, it may shake you. You may have to go against some of the things you've believed in before and some of the things you said. You may have to own your truth. And when you do, you will step into and claim your own Integrity. As more of us do this, our world will improve.

Personal Integrity . . . can make a real difference, it begins with you!

John-Roger
Chairman of the Board

[LC]

International
Integrity
Award
Recipients
1986

The International Integrity Award is presented annually to individuals from different fields of human endeavor whose lives clearly demonstrate the value of Personal Integrity as a keynote to human interactions.

Candidates are nominated by individuals in the public sector, and after careful review and evaluation, the recipients are selected by a special board composed of the officers and operating staff of the Foundation.

In addition to a crystal award, each recipient receives a $10,000 grant made to a non-profit organization or charity of their choice.

LECH WALESA

Some men think about change, others hope for it, and then there are some who are its very instruments. Your honesty and courage, your deep dedication to the principles of human rights serve as the catalysts which mobilize millions of hearts and minds throughout the world. The clarity and simplicity of your language, the unpretentiousness of your life, the absence of personal gain, and your adherence to the principles of human decency and non-violence, not only uplift and encourage your fellow men, they serve as a vital and loving demonstration of the values of Personal Integrity.

Presented in heartfelt appreciation on this the 24th Day of October, Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Six.

STEVIE WONDER

There are some of us who, through the validity of our actions and the quality of our loving, manage to affect the lives of the people who make up our everyday world. There are others, however, who seem destined for a larger role. These individuals touch the lives of many. Encouraging, uplifting, motivating thousands, sometimes millions of their fellow men. Their creative expressions capture the longings and desires of whole generations, elevating the essence and celebrating the wonder of human existence. You are indeed, such a man. Your music touches our lives and reminds us of our innocence. And your life itself is a reflection of the courage and magnificence of the spirit that resides within us all and leads us beyond adversity toward harmony and serenity.

Presented in deepest love and appreciation on this the 24th Day of October, Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Six.

KEN KRAGEN

In each new age new forms of awareness, new techniques for living seem to be needed to lift the consciousness of our planet and to awaken this family of man to new levels of being human. In our age, cooperation has become a predominant theme, and you have become one of its most diligent and committed champions. Through your dedication and your loving, people everywhere are learning that together we can make a real difference in the quality of life. Through your vision and imagination, we are learning that together we can create a world of greater abundance and well-being for all. Through your commitment to service you are demonstrating the enormous good which can come from loving cooperation.

Presented in grateful acknowledgement on this the 24th Day of October, Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Six.

**T**he John-Roger Foundation is dedicated to the upliftment of the planet through its commitment to the enrichment of individual life.

The Foundation provides support for a variety of organizations and community projects involved with transformational, philosophical and inspirational education, health, science and research, community service, and the study of individual and world peace.

As a non-profit Foundation, funding is secured from corporations and organizations in the public and private sectors and from thousands of individuals world-wide.

ELCJ

ABOUT JOHN-ROGER ...

9

An educator, author and innovator in the fields of wellness and experiential learning for over 25 years, and Chairman of the Foundation that bears his name, John-Roger has been responsible for bringing into being a wide variety of organizations which directly contribute to individual and social transformation.

Among these are Insight Transformational Seminars, Baraka Center, KOH-E-NOR University, The Heartfelt Foundation, NOW Productions, and the Movement Newspaper.

John-Roger's work takes him throughout the world conducting thousands of seminars and trainings in personal development and awareness. In addition, his writings and tape seminars are

studied by thousands in over 275 locations throughout the United States and in eleven countries around the world. His collected works are represented in over 100 books including a 10 year series of monthly Awareness Discourses, and his weekly seminars are aired in 40 television markets in the United States.

DG SECURITIES SERVICES CORPORATION

CF:
Marcus

APR 28 1987

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Chairman
Kissinger & Associates
350 Park Avenue, 26th Floor
New York, N. Y. 10022

April 27, 1987

Dear Dr. Kissinger,

When you receive this letter you surely will not understand or
recognize immediately who is writing to you and why.

DG Securities is a newly established 100% subsidiary of the Deutsche Genossenschaftsbank in Frankfurt. We act as a broker within the United States of America; main parts of our reputation were the Road Shows, we arranged in the past on the German economy and on interesting situations of German companies exporting to the United States.

I myself was a member of a District Parliament of the Free Democratic Party, FDP, and not only due to my German-Jewish background I was happy to be able to present to you the idea of speaking to senior German bankers and investors on some more or less crucial points of today's U. S. trade policy; either would be the current situation of U. S. foreign trade policy or U. S. - German - Japan - relations in this current situation.

Probably I could explain to you more if I have the chance to see
you at your office for a short visit as we are neighbours.

Please find enclosed some information in German and English about
our last year's Road Shows.

Encl.

630 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10111, Telephone (212) 247-3600, Telex 178905

MAY.07 '87 09:10 KISSINGER ASSOCIATES N.Y.

P.002

DG SECURITIES SERVICES CORPORATION IS A U.S. BROKERAGE FIRM INCORPORATED IN THE STATE OF DELAWARE. IT WAS FOUNDED -AND IS WHOLLY- OWNED-BY DG BANK DEUTSCHE GENOSSENSCHAFTS-BANK, FRANKFURT, THE CENTRAL BANK OF THE COOPERATIVE BANKING SYSTEM OF WEST GERMANY.

WE PROVIDE PROMPT AND EFFICIENT EXECUTION OF ORDERS ON GERMAN AND OTHER NON-UNITED STATES EXCHANGES AND ARE PROFICIENT IN THE EXECUTION OF LARGE TRADES ON THESE EXCHANGES.

WE OFFER INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS-INSURANCE COMPANIES, PENSION FUNDS, AND FOUNDATIONS - A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO EXPAND THEIR INVESTMENT HORIZONS AND MAXIMIZE POTENTIAL RETURNS BY INVESTING IN GERMAN AND OTHER NON-UNITED STATES SECURITIES THROUGH OUR INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SERVICES

DG SECURITIES SERVICES CORPORATION
PRESENTS

THE GERMAN SECURITIES
SUMMIT SERIES

SEMINAR I

ADVANCED GERMAN TECHNOLOGIES:
AIRCRAFT, AEROSPACE,
AND DEFENSE PROGRAMS

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1987

THE HOTEL INTER-CONTINENTAL
111 EAST 48TH STREET
NEW YORK CITY

630 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK NY 10111
TELEPHONE: (212) 247-3600 TELEX: 178905

MAY.07 '87 09:11 KISSINGER ASSOCIATES N.Y.

PROGRAM

9:00-9:15 AM WELCOME AND INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
DR WULF von SCHIMMELMANN
MEMBER OF THE BOARD
OF MANAGING DIRECTORS DG BANK

9:20-10:00 AM GERMAN AIRCRAFT, AEROSPACE
TECHNOLOGY AND DEFENSE PROGRAMS
PROF DR. KONRAD LIFSSMANN
MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD
DORNIER (DRW)

10:10-11:00 AM RATIONALE AND PROSPECTS FOR
CONSORTIUM-BASED PROJECTS - AIRBUS
DR. PAUL HADRYS
MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD
DEUTSCHE AIRBUS GmbH

11:00-11:10 AM COFFEE BREAK

11:10-11:50 AM GERMAN DEFENSE AND
RELATED INDUSTRIES
DR. KARL-HEINZ ALLGAIER
VICE PRESIDENT, DEFENSE INITIATIVE
MBB (MESSERSCHMIDT, BOELKOW, AND BLOHM)

12:15 PM LUNCHEON WILL BE SERVED
IN THE ASTOR ROOM

LUNCHEON ADDRESS
THE EFFECT OF FUTURE OIL PRICES
ON GERMAN INDUSTRY
DR. BASSAM TIBI
PROFESSOR OF MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF GOFTTINGEN

2:00-2:40 PM THE TRANSFORMATION OF THYSSEN
FROM STEEL TO HIGH TECH
KONRAD TAMSCHICK
DIRECTOR OF FINANCE
THYSSEN AG

2:50-3:30 PM ECONOMIC FORECASTS FOR THE PRINCIPAL
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
DR. HARTMUT FEST
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
COUNTRY STUDIES AND ECONOMIC
PROSPECTS BRANCH OECD

3:30-3:50 PM COFFEE BREAK

3:50-4:30 PM THE REORGANIZATION OF THE FRANKFURT
STOCK EXCHANGE AND AVAILABILITY OF
NEW INVESTMENT INSTRUMENTS
GERHARD LANGENBACH
GENERAL MANAGER OF THE
INVESTMENT DIVISION
DG BANK

4:40-5:20 PM WEIGHTING GERMAN SECURITIES
IN INTERNATIONAL PORTFOLIOS
WILLIAM RICHARDS
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
SUN LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
FORMERLY VICE PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR
CHASE INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT GROUP
IN LONDON

5:30-6:00 PM OUTLOOK AND RECOMMENDATIONS
GABRIEL MARCUS
PRESIDENT
DG SECURITIES SERVICES CORPORATION

6:00 PM OKTOBERFEST RECEPTION
GERMAN BEER, SAUSAGES, CHEESES, AND
GEMUTLICHKEIT IN THE ASTOR ROOM

ELG

APR 28 1987

April 27, 1987

Dear Dr. Kissinger,

Encl. IN READING MAIL

AMBASSADOR OF PAKISTAN

FEB - 4 1987

ELCJ

EMBASSY OF PAKISTAN

2315 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N.W.

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20008

February 2, 1987

Thank you for so kindly sparing the time to meet me in New York last week. I greatly enjoyed and valued our discussion, and look forward to continuing this in future, whenever your busy schedule so permits.

I have conveyed your kind message to Foreign Minister Yaqub-Khan who returned to Islamabad from Kuwait today, and is now awaiting the finalisation of his programme for his forthcoming visit to Moscow, which could hopefully take place next week, when you are also there.

I enclose herewith three copies of a schedule containing investment incentives and opportunities in Pakistan. The pamphlet answers all the questions raised in the paper which you were kind enough to hand over to me, and I hope that you and your clients will find it to be of some interest. Though the rules were issued in November 1985, they remain extant, and any changes that may have been effected since that date are minor and more liberal in application.

( Jamsheed A. Marker )

The Hon'ble Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
350 Park Avenue (26th floor)
New York, N.K. 10022

REDEMPTION, MESSIANISM, AND NATIONAL INTEREST:
AN ANATOMY OF ISRAELI-SOUTH AFRICAN RELATIONS.

Jean-Jacques Marmont,
March 7, 1987.

Is Redemption, and thus messianism, in being a basis of arbitrary
Zionist nationalism, at the foundation of the current domestic sources of
"national interest" in motivating Israel's foreign relations with the
Republic of South Africa? The objective in the proposed thesis is to
methodologically construct a framework to prove the case, and, to conclude
that this paradigm is the major philosophical basis which has formed Israeli-
South African relations since 1948 ( even through a troubled period from
1961-73 ), and, especially since 1975-77.

Ancient redemption is a very complex notion which is inundated
with philosophical contradictions and theological interpretations; nonetheless,
the best way to describe ancient redemption is that it is based upon what
may be called a notion of fused time. The past is fused together with both
the present and the future. The traditional Talmudic explanation of
redemption is a guarantee of a prosperous future, yet it will also restore
the glory of the past by actions carried out in the present. Unlike
secular Western understanding of time, which examines a linear progression
from one event to another in history, the ancient Judiac notion of fused
time in redemption is alien to Western thought and critical analysis.¹
When redemption and messianism powerfully influences some Jewish decision-
making in Israeli foreign policy, as has occured during these past ten
years, a rational comprehension of Israeli foreign policy becomes difficult.

1. Ofira Seliktar, "The New Zionism," in *Foreign Policy*, Summer, 1985, Number 51, page 124.

( 2 )

Over this past decade Israeli foreign policy has illustrated
an idealistic initiative as opposed to the predominantly pragmatic and
largely responsive attitudes of Mapai/Labour governments towards foreign
policy from 1948-1977. While consecutive Labour governments carried out
foreign policy based upon Realpolitik with national strategy balancing
internal-external demands, the idealistic position of post-1977 has used
normative beliefs as historical analogies for assessing any current
dilemma.²

Prior to 1975-77, the messianic-redemptive qualities of Israeli
culture and nationalism were confined to domestic society, but, post-
1975-77 trends moved those ideological sentiments outward to challenge
the realistic paradigm of the international community. The modus operandi
of this latter foreign policy approach is based upon high risk-taking and
a belief that success will materialize with assistance from God.³ This
idealistic approach draws heavily upon historical analogy, placing its
roots in historical schools of thought within both Jewish idealism and
Zionist nationalism. This historical analogy is not well-known outside
Israeli circles and very seldom, if ever, is it covered by non-Israeli
writers. Nevertheless, this analogy is reinforced by Israel's isolation
within the world community, and is a premise from which to analyze
ideological bases within Israeli-South African relations.

2. Ofira Seliktar, *New Zionism and the Foreign Policy System of Israel*, London: Croon Helm, 1986, page 220.

3. Ibid., page 221.

(3)

In short, while maintaining that redemption-messianism "causes" certain policies and decision-making in Israeli foreign policy throughout all parts of the world would submit yourself to an "intellectual ambush", the analogy to prove the basis for an ideological foundation in Israeli-South African relations is more feasible. As for the argument that redemption-messianism causes Israel to make a special case of South Africa compared with its relations with other countries with large Diaspora Jewish community, the foundations of that special relationship are built around:

(a) the Diaspora community of 120,000 + Jews in South Africa;

(b) the "laager mentality" of the Nationalist government in S.A.;

(c) the redemptionist-messianic trends within Afrikaner nationalism;

(d) important parallels between developments and success of Afrikaner and Zionist nationalisms.

Most studies of the South African-Israeli relationship explain it as a realistic development due to both being so-called "pariah states" (that over-used jargon attributed to Taiwan, South Korea, Republic of South Africa and Israel... for the most part). The realistic approach, taken completely from a "Western" analytical viewpoint, overrides any ideological/messianic foundations of the relationship. Nonetheless, that ideological foundation, despite a history of anti-Semitic sentiments in Afrikaner nationalism, can be traced to the four characteristics which are mentioned above. The important link should be stressed upon the Diaspora community of South Africa. In defence of this position, the most recent illustration of its importance came in a newspaper article in January, 1987.

4. ...... " Israel Reviews Preteria Links," in *The Guardian* (London), January 19, 1987.

(4)

The Jews of the Diaspora are important to the raison d'être of the modern state of Israel. No other nationalism is based so strongly upon outside national interests as Zionism is dependent upon the influence and well-being of Jewish communities outside Israel. The relationship between Eretz Israel and Jewish communities of the Diaspora is a major factor in formulating many of Israel's foreign policy decisions in protection of the state's "national interest." This "national interest" is actually an abstract equation for a series of domestic variables which constitute Israel's belief system, and, thereby helps construct Israeli foreign policy.

The relationship between the modern state of Israel and non-Israeli Jewish communities is an extremely complex issue. On July 17, 1950, in an address to a meeting of Israeli ambassadors, David Ben Gurion said:

> so long as there exists a Jewish Diaspora, Israel cannot behave as other states do and take into account only its own geographic and geopolitical situation.

5

In essence, the Jewish communities of the Diaspora are included in the universal "redemption" of the entire Jewish nation. In being so, the influence of Diaspora communities upon the analysis of Israeli foreign policy is not taken seriously enough according to Shlomo Avineri, former Director-General of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. To Avineri, it is a factor:

> hitherto almost totally overlooked even in some of the most detailed studies of Israel's foreign policy..... in many cases it involves Israel in political liaisons which are not necessarily conducive to its own well-being as a nation and transcend any conventional understanding or power politics and raison d'être.

6

5. Shlomo Avineri, "Ideology and Israel's Foreign Policy," in *The Jerusalem Quarterly*, Volume 37, 1986, page 10.

6. Ibid.

(7)

Buber warned the Zionist Organization to caution against its becoming the instrument for an arbitrary nationalism suffering from what he termed "sacro-egoismo." This characteristic represents a view that the egotistic pursuit of those interests of one's own group, even at the expense of another group's freedom and human rights, is "sacred" and thus morally self-sufficient and justified. ¹⁰ This sacro-egoismo is strengthened by the religious messianic trend in cultural Zionism, thus precipitating an authoritarian political Zionism. And, as Uriel Tal, the late Professor of Jewish History at Tel Aviv University writes:

> it is precisely the coupling of theology and politics that leads to the terrifying danger of the consecration of the state and nationalism. ¹¹

This coupling of theology and politics is not unique to Zionist nationalism. Indeed, in this sense it can be compared with Afrikaner nationalism as the latter also suffers from the characteristic of sacro-egoismo. ¹³

10. Ibid.

11. Uriel Tal, "Foundations of a Political Messianic Trend in Israel," in *The Jerusalem Quarterly*, Volume 35, Spring, 1985, page 37.

13. This is not to equate Zionism with Apartheid in support of U.N. General Assembly Resolution 3379, November 10, 1975 holding that Zionism is "a form of racism and racial discrimination." While not official racism as apartheid, Zionism could be termed "a form of racial discrimination." In its defence, every form of modern nationalism with its pursuit of the nation-state suffers from sacro-egoismo. The "pro" that it pushes is built around an "anti." For example, Canadian nationalism is built upon anti-Americanism. French-Canadian nationalism is built around discrimination against English-speaking Canadian. This platform was proven during the Parti Québécois' rule in Québec from 1976-1985. Also, Czech nationalism discriminated against the Slovaks, and, in a very real sense this discrimination was an impetus for the formation of the puppet Slovak state from 1939-1944. And, modern Islamic nationalism is one of the most racially discriminate nationalisms in existence. Alas, the list is endless !

(8)

The parallels between Afrikaner and Zionist nationalisms are based upon what many anti-Zionist and anti-apartheid writers refer to as unscientific "myths." These "myths" constitute the inter-connecting of three basic elements— the Old Testament, Promised Land, and Chosen People.

### Zionism ¹³

(1) Judaic Redemption-messianism (Old Testament and Talmud).

(2) Promised Land (Palestine).

(3) Chosen People (People of Abraham).

### Afrikanerdom ¹⁴

(1) Calvinist-Christian Redemption-messianism (Old Testament & New Testament).

(2) Promised Land (Southern Africa).

(3) Chosen People (descendents of Shem, oldest and most respected son of Noah).

(survival of the nations until arrival of the "messianic" age)

> " Lo, it is a people that shall dwell alone, and shall not be reckoned among the nations." ¹⁶

> (i.e. a "messianic" foundation to move outward from Israeli society to help form an ideological solidarity with South Africa)

### Sechariat

> (Study of the "end times")

13. see, among others, Ferdinand Zweig, *The Sword and the Harp*, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1969.

14. see, among others, George Jabbon, *Settler Colonialism in South Africa and Middle East*, Beirut: Inst. of Palestine Studies, 1970.

15. From the Yahwistic Table of Nations in Book of Genesis 10:18-30 of the Bible, Shem represents the Semite peoples. Ham, the second but disgraced son of Noah, represents the Black African people. In Biblical genealogy, the Patriarch Abraham is a direct descendent of Shem. Furthermore, fundamentalist beliefs in the Dutch Reformed Church believe that one of the tribes descended from Shem settled in the "land below the waters" (i.e. Holland), & from this, Afrikaners theologically justify their position in South Africa.

16. Book of Numbers 23:9, *The Jerusalem Bible*, New York: Doubleday & Co., 1968.

( 9 )

The ideological ingredients of South African-Israeli relations, based upon the redemption-messianic model, is an extremely complex issue, but those foundations of analysis should move out from the Zionist-Afrikaner parallels as well as the significance of the Diaspora Jewish community of South Africa. There is no undaunted universal formula for analyzing Israeli foreign policy. Like the Bible, from which Afrikanerdom draws its messianism, and the Torah-Talmud, from which the current prevailing school of thought in Zionism draws its messianism, Israeli foreign policy is full of contradictions. Generally speaking, foreign policy analysis is a never-ending process of measurement, and, the measurement of Israeli foreign policy probably the most difficult of any in the world. Nonetheless, its roots are domestic; it is really a case of ideological differences within Israeli society about the meaning of Zionism. A similar case exists in South Africa about the meaning of Afrikaner nationalism.

In the end, Redemption is somewhat of an enigmatic phenomenon to choose as the foundations of a thesis topic. It is contradictory notion taken from various aspects of traditional Jewish literature, and, it is complicated by various levels of interpretation. However, the key is to concentrate upon those levels of interpretation which would fit into the analogy of Israeli-South African relations. Or, as Harkabi mentions, perhaps it should serve as a notion which gives direction to history to act as a "regulative idea" and a source of hope.¹⁷

17. Y. Harkabi, op. cit., page 150.

( 10 )

[LC]

Today that source of hope is epitomized in religious messianism in relation to a philosophy of expansionism. This school of thought has prevailed since 1975-77 over Socialist Zionism and does to this day in National Coalition government of Israel. It is a school of thought which was first espoused by people like Rav Kook and Jabotinsky during the first three decades of this century. It maintains that Jewish sovereignty is not the only prerequisite for the revival of a preceding "redemption." The essence of Jewish survival is to "expand" out of the self-imposed isolation ( like the pragmatic Socialist Zionist approach ) that characterized life in the Diaspora to encompass broad areas that were before ignored.¹⁸ When this approach is applied to international relations, the expansionist philosophy offers interesting groundwork from which to help analyze ideological solidarities in South African-Israeli relations.

18. Charles Liebman & Elizar Don-Yehiya, *Religion and Politics in Israel*, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1984, page 72.

( 11 )

AREAS OF EXAMINATION IN THE ANALYSIS

<table><thead><tr><th>AREA</th><th>ISRAEL</th><th>SOUTH AFRICA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Conceptual Basis:</strong></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(1) Power & Influence</td><td>regional/global</td><td>regional</td></tr><tr><td>(2) Deterrence</td><td>conventional & nuclear</td><td>conventional & nuclear</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Approaches:</strong></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(1) Realist</td><td>strategic issues</td><td>strategic issues.</td></tr><tr><td>(2) Utopian</td><td>ideological and philosophical domestic sources.</td><td>ideological and philosophical domestic sources.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Ideologies:</strong></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(1) Nationalism</td><td>Zionist (19th & 20th century)</td><td>Afrikaner (19th & 20th century)</td></tr><tr><td>(2) Idealism</td><td>Jewish (3000 BCE - 2000 C.E.)</td><td>Dutch-Calvinist (1520-1987)</td></tr><tr><td>(3) Racism</td><td>-------</td><td>"Unofficial" from 1910-1948, but official in Apartheid from 1948 onwards.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Products of Realpolitik:</strong></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(1) Militarism</td><td>post-1948 as a result of being forced to become a "garrison state".</td><td>post-1948 as a result of being forced to become a "garrison state" to defend the policy of apartheid.</td></tr><tr><td>(2) Isolationism</td><td>regional and global; in the Diaspora and in post-1948 Israel.</td><td>post-1948; regional and global.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Macro Levels:</strong></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(1) geopolitical</td><td>Middle East</td><td>Southern Africa</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Micro Levels:</strong></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(1) Strategic</td><td>conventional/nuclear</td><td>conventional/nuclear</td></tr><tr><td>(2) Descriptive history</td><td>Hebrew nation</td><td>Afrikaner nation</td></tr><tr><td>(3) Social Psychology</td><td>Jewish culture & religion</td><td>Afrikaner "culture" & religion.</td></tr></tbody></table>

( 12 )

<table><thead><tr><th>AREA</th><th>ISRAEL</th><th>SOUTH AFRICA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Specific Levels:</strong></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(1) Ethnic Communities</td><td>-Jewish (Ashkenazi & Sephardic; Orthodox, Conservative & Reform).<br/>-Israeli Arabs (Moslem & Christian).<br/>-Palestinian Arabs (Moslem & Christian).</td><td>- Afrikaner Whites (Calvinist & English Whites (mostly Anglican).<br/>- Native Bantu Blacks (Protestant & Catholic).<br/>- Coloureds (Christian & small Moslem minority).<br/>- Asians (Hindu, Moslem or Christian).<br/>- Jewish Community (considered part of white population).</td></tr><tr><td>(2) Israeli position on the Diaspora community in South Africa.</td><td>-------</td><td>Afrikaner relationship with S.A. Jewish community.</td></tr><tr><td>(3) Political Parties</td><td>all since 1948</td><td>all since 1948</td></tr><tr><td>(4) Political groups</td><td>ex: Peace Now & Gush Emunim.</td><td>ex: Black Sash & Oxwagon Guard.</td></tr><tr><td>(5) Military</td><td>"Hawks" vs "Doves"</td><td>"Hawks" vs. "Doves"</td></tr></tbody></table>

BASIC EQUATION OF ANALYSIS FOR NATIONAL INTEREST

$$ (i) \quad \text{Foreign Policy}(\text{FP}) = \frac{\text{National Interest (NI)}}{\text{National Power (NP)}} $$

$$ (ii) \quad \text{Thus, NI} = (\text{PP}) \times (\text{NP}) $$

$$ (iii) \quad \begin{array}{l} \text{NP} = P^1 + P^2 + P^3 \quad \text{where} \\ P^1 = \text{political power} \\ P^2 = \text{economic powers} \\ P^3 = \text{military powers} \end{array} $$

These are "dependent" variables in that they depend upon internal developments as well the influence and very existence of world Jewry.

5/21

HAK: Re Your Speaking Appearance Feb. 19
at Philadelphia College of Textiles
& Science

Dr. Carmen Mayer has written to follow up a
question posed by the writer to you at the
above affair on (pointing to the Iran crisis)
how to resolve the "adversary situation of
conflict" between the President and Congress
over foreign policy.

You are quoted ultimately as saying that "I
don't know....a steering committee perhaps?"

Mayer outlines a similar approach in an Op Ed
piece which he (or she?) wrote recently: That
two Senators and one House member of the
foreign affairs committees sit on the National
Security Council to provide congressional
input.

The article was "inspired by and dedicated to
you."

____ Approve (sign) attached personal
reply

___ Staff acknowledgement only

___ Ignore

Rosemary

EIC

THE TEXT

May 4, 1987

“There is No Solution”

Op-Ed page

by Dr. Carmen Mayer

After Henry Kissinger entered the Ravenhill Chapel on February 19, and throughout the following question-answer session, I felt increasingly more comfortable with the person at the podium. He appeared simpler, more likeable and accessible than during his TV appearances. While listening to his answers which were tantamount to explanations with inexhaustible data and statistics at his fingertips, various questions and topics came to my mind that I would have loved to discuss with him. When the opportunity presented itself at the Warwick dinner party, I chose a question which I assumed — and was later assured — polarized the attention of many participants:

"The Iran affair is a symptom, rather than an isolated aberration, of America's global involvement. It cannot be solved by any restrictive legislation which would drive the Executive further into secrecy and covert operations rather than giving up a course of action deemed useful or necessary. The adversary situation of conflict between the government branches is unhealthy for domestic harmony and weakens the U.S. internationally. What are your feelings and suggestions as to what ought to be done to prevent the recurrence of such events in the future?"

(Dr. Kissinger's reaction revealed the depth of this problem that the U.S. is now facing, a problem which, if addressed seriously and efficiently, would have constitutional implications,

At first (Dr. Kissinger offered an analysis of the situation from the institutional and legalistic standpoints, both of which exclude any quick fix. It detailed the various actors and agencies involved in the unfolding drama and it seemed that this was done with excessive detail and pro-crazing so as to defer a direct response. Finally the answer came almost as a blow: "I don't know, I really don't have a solution." And after a moment of reflection: "A steering committee perhaps?"

Undoubtedly, it was an unexpected answer from the negotiator of the Vietnam peace treaty, the initiator of defente with China and the Soviet Union, the promoter of agreements concluded between Israel and the Arabs, and author of gargantuan books dealing with all aspects of political activity. It made me feel sorry. Indeed, a vague yearning for the millenium in my subconscience felt let down by not being offered, from the mouth of a prophet, the perfect remedy that would not only heal but also immunize our political system again. It similar incidents for all future time. Yet when the rational part in me took

over, I almost exclaimed: "You too?" This referred to Kissinger's remark of a steering committee.

Since the beginning of the Iran affair, I came up with *my own solution*: two senators from the Foreign Relations Committee and one House member from the Foreign Affairs Committee would sit on the National Security Council without the duty to report to full Committee or Congress, except for clearly defined matters under specific conditions. This would provide the president with some congressional input, especially as to the legality of his decisions with minimal risk to the national security. Conversely, the congressional group would partake in the preparation of policy options from the presidential perspective based on all available information including intelligence. The presence of consummate political leaders would also balance the lack of expertise, international inexperience, and ideological simplifications of a newly elected president's crew whose outlook usually reflects rather than complements that of the president. Was it something like this that Dr. Kissinger had in mind with his steering committee?

In any case, this would only be a stopgap solution without providing the U.S. government with any permanent mechanism for a smooth operation free of conflict between the two branches to whom the Constitution assigns the task of foreign policy in a very loosely defined fashion. Increasingly, our Constitution becomes a source of conflict instead of being an instrument of settling it. The first to notice was perhaps Dean Acheson when he complained about his "tragedy" of having had to conduct the foreign affairs of a superpower, the leader of the free world, within the constraints of a constitution written for a small agrarian republic.

In 200 years the world has changed a lot and so has the position and role of the United States in it. The tasks to be attended by our government have multiplied in number, intensity and impact in the same ratio as the number of miles covered by Air Force One getting our president to a summit meeting as compared to president Washington's carriage or, perhaps more appropriately, the number of miles covered by an ICBM in the same span of time that was necessary for Paul Revere's horse to cover the distance from Charlestown to Lexington. The two oceans no longer shield, protect and separate our homeland from our potential and real adversaries as they did when the Monroe Doctrine was proclaimed.

The mental capabilities of the men and

women dealing with all these tasks are, however, still the same as they were 200 or, for that matter, 2000 years ago. Our contemporaries have only more gadgets available with which to communicate, multiply or intercept their decisions at the speed of electrons. The human brain has not yet become obsolete; neither, by the same token, have all the ideas, advice and analyses supplied by political philosophers since Plato. One of their findings — Machiavelli's — states that "Whoever has the power is going to exercise it." We have just seen that. The president, the director of the CIA, various officers at the National Security Council, retired generals — they all exercised their power, even in excess, in pursuance of the goals they were determined to achieve. Beforehand, Congress too, exercised its power by passing several pieces of legislation to prevent just that. Results? A humiliated president, upset Allies, multiple exercise of the 5th Amendment right, a suicide attempt, the Tower Commission report, the appointment of an independent counsel, investigative committees in the House and Senate, tens of millions of dollars unaccounted for, proliferation of spies, an embassy built by KGB contractors, leaks here and leaks there — since the exercise of power is enjoyed by everybody.

In any case, the fault is not with the Constitution itself. It is rather with our reluctance to equip it with those provisions which would address all the changes that have transformed it into a mere point of departure for the Supreme Court oracle. The 200th anniversary of the Constitution would be a good opportunity to decide whether we wish to keep it as our most treasured museum piece or restore its function as a resourceful and reliable guide. To do this, we need all the acumen, wisdom and foresight of the original's authors, yet we have one advantage. In addition to the experience of ages recorded by history and political philosophy consulted by them, we may avail ourselves of the lessons imparted by 200 years of independent existence. If we have learned from it, our work will match that of our forefathers in meeting the requirements of our time: a deeper, broader, and by far more philosophical understanding of political realities by all participants, including the media and public opinion, which is needed to deal with foreign policy without the present confusion.

As long as this is not done, your answer, Dr. Kissinger, remains valid in my opinion: "There is no solution."