January 9, 1957

ROCKEFELLER BROTHERS FUND, INC.

SPECIAL STUDIES PROJECT

OVERALL PANEL

<table><tr><td>Rockefeller, Nelson A.<br>Chairman</td><td>President<br>Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Inc.</td></tr><tr><td>Kissinger, Henry A.<br>Panel Secretary</td><td>Director of Special Studies<br>Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Inc.</td></tr><tr><td>Anderson, Robert B.</td><td>President, Ventures, Ltd.<br>Former Deputy Secretary of Defense</td></tr><tr><td>Berle, Adolf A., Jr.</td><td>Law Practice<br>Former Ambassador to Brazil</td></tr><tr><td>Bowles, Chester</td><td>Former Ambassador to India<br>Former Governor of Connecticut</td></tr><tr><td>Burns, Arthur F.</td><td>President<br>The National Bureau of Economic Research</td></tr><tr><td>Clay, Lucius D.</td><td>Ch. B., Continental Can Company, Inc.<br>Former Comdr. in Chief, U.S. Forces in<br>Europe and Mil. Gov., U.S. Zone, German</td></tr><tr><td>Cowles, John</td><td>Ch. B., Minneapolis Star & Tribune</td></tr><tr><td>Dart, Justin W.</td><td>President, Rexall Drug Inc.</td></tr><tr><td>Dean, Gordon</td><td>Vice President and Director<br>General Dynamics Corporation<br>Former Chairman, AEC</td></tr><tr><td>Dickey, John S.</td><td>President, Dartmouth College</td></tr><tr><td>Gardner, John W.</td><td>President, Carnegie Foundation of<br>New York</td></tr><tr><td>Granger, Lester B.</td><td>Executive Director<br>National Urban League, Inc.</td></tr><tr><td>Haskins, Caryl P.</td><td>President<br>Carnegie Institute of Washington</td></tr><tr><td>Hesburgh, Theodore M.</td><td>President, University of Notre Dame</td></tr></table>

**Overall Panel**
January 28, 1957, revised

Hickey, Margaret A.
President, National Conference on
Social Welfare

Hobby, Oveta Culp
President, The Houston Post
Former Secretary of Health, Education
& Welfare

Josephs, Devereux C.
Ch. B. and Director
New York Life Insurance Company

Katz, Milton
Director, International Legal Studies
Law School of Harvard University

Killian, James R., Jr.
President, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology

Luce, Henry R.
Editor in Chief, Time, Inc.

McCabe, Thomas B.
President, Scott Paper Company

McCormack, James Jr.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Minton, Lee W.
President, Glass Bottle Blowers
Union of the United States and Canada

Percy, Charles H.
President, Bell & Howell
Director, Fund for Adult Education

Potofsky, Jacob S.
President, Amalgamated Clothing
Workers of America

Rosenberg, Anna
Labor and Personnel Consultant
Former Assistant Secretary of Defense

Rusk, Dean
President, Rockefeller Foundation

Sarnoff, David
Ch. B. Radio Corporation of America

Spofford, Charles M.
Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Sunderland
& Kiendl
Former Deputy Representative NATO

Teller, Edward
Physicist, University of California,
Berkely

Wilde, Frazar B.
President, Connecticut General Life
Insurance Company

SUBPANEL I - U. S. INTERNATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

<table><tr><td>Rusk, Dean<br>Chairman</td><td>President, Rockefeller Foundation</td></tr><tr><td>King, John A.<br>Panel Secretary</td><td>Secretary, International Legal Studies<br>Harvard Law School</td></tr><tr><td>Berle, Adolf A., Jr.</td><td>Law Practice<br>Former Ambassador to Brazil</td></tr><tr><td>Herter, Christian A.</td><td>Governor of Massachusetts</td></tr><tr><td>Potofsky, Jacob S.</td><td>President, Amalgamated Clothing<br>Workers of America</td></tr><tr><td>Rockefeller, Nelson A.</td><td>President, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Inc.</td></tr><tr><td>Sarnoff, David</td><td>Ch.B., Radio Corporation of America</td></tr><tr><td>Spofford, Charles M.</td><td>Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Sunderland<br>& Kiendl</td></tr><tr><td>Davis, Saville R.</td><td>American News Editor<br>The Christian Science Monitor</td></tr><tr><td>Free, Lloyd A.</td><td>Director, The Institute for International<br>Social Research</td></tr><tr><td>Johnson, Joseph E.</td><td>President, Carnegie Endowment for<br>International Peace</td></tr><tr><td>Millikan, Max F.</td><td>Director, The Center for International<br>Studies, Massachusetts Institute of<br>Technology</td></tr><tr><td>Mosely, Philip E.</td><td>Director of Studies<br>Council on Foreign Relations</td></tr><tr><td>Nason, John W.</td><td>President, Foreign Policy Association</td></tr><tr><td>Stanton, Edwin F.</td><td>Former Ambassador to Thailand</td></tr></table>

November 19, 1956

Subpanel I

- 3 -

Papers:
Energy and the Atlantic Alliance
Waldemar A. Nielsen, The Ford Foundation

Europe at the Crossroads: The Next 10-15 Years
Howard Whidden, Business Week

Political Trends in NATO
Robert Strausz-Hupe, Foreign Policy
Research Institute

Trends and Problems in NATO (Military)
H. A. DeWeerd, The RAND Corporation, Calif.

Trends in Western Germany
Fritz Kraemer, Office of Military Government
U. S. Army

Germany
Richard Scammon, Governmental Affairs
Institute

F. <u>Japan</u>

Speaker:
Robert A. Scalapino
University of California, Berkeley

Papers:
America, Japan and the Asian Nations
Paul M. A. Linebarger, Johns Hopkins University

The U. S. and Japan: Present Trends and Future Prospects
Robert A. Scalapino, University of
California, Berkeley

G. <u>China</u>

Speaker:
Howard Boorman
Columbia University

Comment:
Richard L. Walker
Yale University

Subpanel I

- 4 -

Papers:

China, the U.S., and the Continuing Struggle
Richard L. Walker, Yale University

China at Mid Century
Howard Boorman, Columbia University

Some Considerations Pertinent to a China Policy
(Unattribute d)

February 12, 1957 Meeting

H. <u>U. S. Objectives and Strategy in Latin America</u>

Speaker: Adolf A. Berle, Jr.
Former Ambassador to Brazil

Comment: Arthur P. Whitaker
Foreign Policy Research Institute

Bryce Wood
Social Science Research Council

Papers: The Policy of the U. S. Toward the Countries
of Central and South America
Bryce Wood, Social Science Research Council

The U. S. and Latin America
Arthur P. Whitaker, University of Pennsylvania

I. <u>Colonialism</u>

Speaker: Max Millikan
Center for International Studies, MIT

Comment:
(Middle East) Jacob Hurewitz
Columbia University

(Africa) William Brown
Boston University

Subpanel I

- 5 -

Papers:

The Colonial Problem

Froelich Rainey, Foreign Policy Research Institute

The Arab-Israeli Dispute
(Unattributed)

The Middle East After November 1956

Jacob Hurewitz, Columbia University

Soviet Economic Growth, Trade, and Aid and the

Soviet Penetration into the Underdeveloped Areas

Nicolas Spulber, Indiana University

J. <u>South East Asia</u>

Speaker:

Edwin F. Stanton

Former Ambassador to Thailand

Comment:

William Henderson

Council on Foreign Relations

Lucian W. Pye

Papers:

U. S. Policies and Objectives with Respect to
Current Trends and Future Problems in Southeast
Asia

Edwin F. Stanton, Former Ambassador to
Thailand

Problems and Trends in Southeast Asia

William T. Phillips, Johns Hopkins University

U. S. Policy in Southeast Asia: The Case for a
New Approach

William Henderson, Council on Foreign Relations

American Policy and the Politics of Underdeveloped
Countries

Lucian W. Pye, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology

Subpanel I

- 6 -

India's Foreign Policy with Special Reference to
United States Relations

John F. Cady, Ohio University

February 28 - March 1, 1957 Meeting

K. <u>The Moral Basis of American Foreign Policy</u>

Speakers: Louis Finkelstein
Jewish Theological Seminary of America

Lloyd A. Free
Institute for International Social Research

Comment: Saville R. Davis
The Christian Science Monitor

Papers: American Values and American Foreign Policy
Louis Finkelstein, Jewish Theological
Seminary of America

U. S. International Objectives in the Light of our
Purposes as Americans
Lloyd A. Free, Institute for International
Social Research

L. <u>U. S. Policy Toward Africa</u>

Speaker: L. Gray Cowan
Columbia University

Comment: Eugene Dvorin
Michigan State University

Papers: Political and Economic Change in West Africa
L. Gray Cowan, Columbia University

Central and Southern Africa
Eugene Dvorin, Michigan State University

SUBPANEL II - U. S. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

McCormack, James, Jr.
Chairman

Hoopes, Townsend
Panel Secretary

Dean, Gordon

Luce, Henry R.

Teller, Edward

Altschul, Frank

Anderson, Frederick L.

Fisk, James B.

Floberg, John Forrest

Gaylord, Bradley

Gilpatric, Roswell L.

Johnson, Ellis

Land, Edwin H.

Lincoln, George A.

Nash, Frank C.

Walkowicz, T. F.

Wilson, Carroll L.

J. H. Whitney & Co.

Senior Vice President and Director,
General Dynamics Corporation
Former Chairman, AEC

Editor in Chief, Time, Incorporated

Physicist, University of California,
Berkeley

Board of Trustees, Institute of
International Education
Vice President, Council on Foreign Relations

Former Deputy U. S. Special Representative
in Europe

Executive Vice President, Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Inc.

Kirkland, Fleming, Green, Martin & Ellis
Washington, D. C.

President, The Pennroad Corporation

Cravath, Swaine & Moore
Former Undersecretary of the Air Force

Director, Operations Research Office,
Johns Hopkins University

President and Chairman of the Board
Polaroid Corporation

Dept. of Social Sciences, U.S. Military Academy

U.S. Delegation to General Assembly of the U.N.

Aeronautical Engineer

President, Metals & Controls Corporation

December 12, 1956

March 18, 1957

SUBPANEL II - U.S. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

November 29-30, 1956 Meeting

A. **Frame of Reference for Discussions**

Discussion: Recommendations by each member concerning the focus of the work of the subpanel.

B. **Nuclear Weapons, Public Attitudes and the Impact on the Nature of War**

Speaker: Edward Teller
University of California, Berkeley

Papers: The Nature of Nuclear War
Edward Teller, University of California, Berkeley

Technology and the Changing Nature of General War
G. A. Lincoln and A. A. Jordan
U.S. Military Academy

C. **The Strategy of Alliances**

Speaker: Henry A. Kissinger
Special Studies Project,
Rockefeller Brothers Fund

Papers: Nuclear Technology and Alliances: An Analysis
Roger Hilsman, Library of Congress

Trends and Problems in NATO (Military)
H. A. DeWeerd, The RAND Corporation, California

D. **The Decision-making Process in the Defense Department**

Speaker: Roswell L. Gilpatrick
Cravath, Swaine & Moore

Paper: The U.S. Strategic Planning Process: Retrospect and Prospect
N. E. Halaby, Servomechanisms, Inc.

Subpanel II

-2-

E. <u>The Goals of US National Security Policy</u>

Speaker: Carroll L. Wilson
Metals and Controls Corporation

Comments: Frank Altschul,

Bradley Gaylord
The Pennroad Corporation

George A. Lincoln
Political Science Department, USMA

Paper: The National Interest
Walt W. Rostow, Center for International Studies
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

F. <u>Military Means for Supporting Our Political Policy</u>

Speaker: James B. Fisk
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.

Comment: William R. Kintner
Operations Research Office

Papers: The Communist Strategy of Protracted Conflict
William R. Kintner, Operations Research Office

Technology and the Changing Nature of General War
G. A. Lincoln and A. A. Jordan
Political Science Department, USMA

The Role of Military Power
C. C. Lauritsen, California Institute of
Technology

G. <u>Decision-making Process and the Budget</u>

Subpanel II

- 4 -

The Panorama of Warfare in a Nuclear Age
Field-Marshall Montgomery
Royal United Service Institution Lecture

Limiting Nuclear War
Sir Kenneth Grubb, Rear Admiral Sir Anthony
Buzzard, Mr. Richard Goold-Adams, and
Mr. Denis Healey, M.P.

J. <u>Use of Naval Forces in Less than All out War</u>

Speaker: John Forrest Floberg
Kirkland, Fleming, Green, Martin & Ellis

Paper: Old Uses for a New Navy
Willard Bascom, National Research Council

K. <u>The Nature of our Strategic Interests in the World</u>

Speaker: Gordon Dean
General Dynamics Corporation

L. <u>International Negotiations and Nuclear Weapons</u>

Speaker: Frank Altschul

March 7-10, 1957 Meeting

M. <u>Mutual Defense Assistance Program</u>

Speaker: Karl Harr
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
(International Security Affairs)

Paper: Mutual Security Objectives, Operations and Trends of Military Aid
H. H. Critz, Colonel, U.S. Army

SUBPANEL III - U.S. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

Katz, Milton
Chairman
Director, International Legal Studies
Law School of Harvard University

Murden, Forrest D.
Panel Secretary
Ford Motor Company

Anderson, Robert B.
President, Ventures Limited
Former Secretary of the Navy

Bowles, Chester
Former Governor of Connecticut
Former Ambassador to India

Cowles, John
Ch. B., The Star and Tribune,
Minneapolis

Cleveland, Harlan
Dean, Maxwell Graduate School of
Citizenship and Public Affairs,
Syracuse University

Gordon, Lincoln
Graduate School of Business
Administration, Harvard University

Harbison, Frederick H.
Director, Industrial Relations Section,
Princeton University

Maffry, August
Vice President,
Irving Trust Company

May, Stacy
Economist

December 6, 1956

Subpanel III

-2-

C. <u>The Population Problem</u>

Speaker: Kingsley Davis
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral
Sciences

Papers: World Population Trends and American Policy
Kingsley Davis, Center for Advanced Study in
the Behavioral Sciences

Prospects for Population Growth and Their Implications
for Economic Development in India, 1956-1986
Ansley J. Coale and Edgar M. Hoover
Princeton University

Demographic Difficulties and U.S. Problems in
Asia and North Africa
Irene Taeuber, Princeton University

January 16, 1957 Meeting

D. <u>Economic Growth of Western Europe</u>

Speaker: Lincoln Gordon
Harvard Business School

Papers: Mutual Security Objectives, Operations and Trends
of Military Aid
H. H. Critz, Colonel, U.S. Army

Economic Implications and Importance For National
Defense of an Expanding World Trade
Hugh B. Killough, Brown University

Proposed Amendments to Internal Revenue Code to Promote
Foreign Investments by Regulated Investment Companies
Merrill Griswold

Subpanel III

-3-

E. <u>The Middle East</u>

Speaker: Max Weston Thornburg

Paper: American Policy for the Middle East
Max Weston Thornburg

February 22, 1957 Meeting

F. <u>Cooperation with Underdeveloped Countries</u>

Speakers: Thomas C. Schelling
Yale University

Frederick H. Harbison
Princeton University

Papers: American Foreign Assistance and the Newly
Independent Countries of Asia and Africa
Thomas C. Schelling, Yale University

The Pattern of Soviet Policies Towards the
Underdeveloped Countries
W. W. Kulski, Syracuse University

Labor Problems in Industrialization of Underdeveloped
Countries
Frederick H. Harbison, Princeton University

Economic Implications and Importance for National
Defense of an Expanding World Trade
Hugh B. Killough, Brown University

The Role of Agriculture in Underdeveloped Countries
and U.S. Policy
Arthur T. Mosher, Cornell University

United States Policy in Southeast Asia; The Case for a
New Approach
William Henderson, Council on Foreign Relations

Subpanel III

-4-

John F. Cady, Ohio University

Outlook for Natural Resources and Problems of Their
Development

Joseph L. Fisher, Resources for the Future, Inc.

G. **Japan**

Speaker: August Maffry

Irving Trust Company

Papers:

Paul M. A. Linebarger, John Hopkins University

The United States and Japan: Present Trends and Future
Prospects

H. Economic Policy Toward Eastern Europe

Speaker:

Nicolas Spulber

Indiana University

Comment:

Howard Whidden

Business Week

Papers:

Trends in the Soviet Orbit

Philip E. Mosely, Council on Foreign Relations

Soviet Domestic Developments and the Future of Soviet-
American Relations

Frederick G. Barghoorn, Yale University

Soviet Internal Developments Over the Next Decade

Merle Fainsod, Harvard University

SUBPANEL IV - U. S. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OBJECTIVES AND POLICY

<table><tr><td>McCabe, Thomas B.<br>Chairman</td><td>President, Scott Paper Company</td></tr><tr><td>Manning, Bayless A.<br>Panel Secretary</td><td>Associate Professor of Law<br>Yale University</td></tr><tr><td>Burns, Arthur F.</td><td>President<br>The National Bureau of Economic Research</td></tr><tr><td>Granger, Lester B.</td><td>Executive Director<br>National Urban League, Inc.</td></tr><tr><td>Josephs, Devereux C.</td><td>Chairman of the Board and Director<br>New York Life Insurance Company</td></tr><tr><td>Rosenberg, Anna M.</td><td>Labor and Personnel Consultant<br>Former Assistant Secretary of Defense</td></tr><tr><td>Wilde, Frazar B.</td><td>President<br>Connecticut General Life Insurance<br>Company</td></tr><tr><td>Efferson, J. Norman</td><td>Dean, College of Agriculture<br>Louisiana State University</td></tr><tr><td>Keezer, Dexter M.</td><td>Vice President<br>McGraw-Hill Publishing Company</td></tr><tr><td>Livingston, Joseph A.</td><td>Financial Editor<br>The Philadelphia Bulletin</td></tr><tr><td>May, Stacy</td><td>Economist</td></tr><tr><td>Perkins, Roswell B.</td><td>Debevoise, Plimpton and McLean</td></tr><tr><td>Riefler, Winfield W.</td><td>Asst. to Ch. Board of Governors<br>Federal Reserve System<br>Secretary, Federal Open Market Committee<br>Ch. Board, School of Advanced International<br>Studies</td></tr></table>

March 18, 1957

SUBPANEL IV - U.S. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICY

January 3-4, 1957 Meeting

A. <u>The Nature of U.S. Social and Economic Growth</u>

Speaker: Gerhard Colm
National Planning Association

Comments: Dexter M. Keezer
McGraw Hill Publishing Company

Lester Granger
National Urban League

Papers:
America at the Threshold of Abundance
Gerhard Colm, National Planning Association

Government Responsibility for Economic Growth
and Stability
Dexter M. Keezer, McGraw Hill Pub. Co.

The Hopes and Prospects for Economic Growth
Grover W. Ensley, Joint Economic Committee,
U.S. Congress

Individual and Social Welfare
Lester Granger, National Urban League

B. <u>Welfare Policies</u>

Speaker: Robert A. Dahl
Yale University

Paper: The Role of Government in Individual and Social Welfare
Robert A. Dahl, Yale University

Subpanel IV

- 3 -

E. <u>Tax and Fiscal Policy</u>

<u>State and Local Tax Problems</u>

Speaker: J. Cameron Thomson
Northwest Bancorporation

<u>Federal Government Tax Policy</u>

Speaker: Frazar B. Wilde
Connecticut General Life Insurance Company

Comment: Richard A. Musgrave
University of Michigan

Papers: Long Run Problems of Fiscal Policy
William J. Fellner, Yale University

The Outlook for Federal Tax Policy
Richard A. Musgrave, University of Michigan

March 11-12, 1957 Meeting

F. <u>Monetary and Credit Policy</u>

Comments: Thomas B. McCabe
Scott Paper Company

Arthur F. Burns
National Bureau for Economic Research

Paper: Defense Against Recession - Policy for
Greater Economic Stability
Committee for Economic Development

SUBPANEL V - UNITED STATES UTILIZATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES

Hechinger, Fred M.
Panel Secretary
Associate Publisher, Bridgeport Herald

Gardner, John W.
President, Carnegie Foundation
of New York

Haskins, Caryl P.
President, Carnegie Institute
of Washington

Hesburgh, Theodore M.
President, University of Notre Dame

Brown, J. Douglas
Dean of Faculty, Princeton University

Coggeshall, Lowell T.
Dean of the Division of Biological Sciences
University of Chicago

Coombs, Philip
Director of Research, The Fund for the
Advancement of Education,
Ford Foundation, New York

Farnsworth, Dana L.
Director, University Health Service,
Harvard University

Ginzberg, Eli
Director, Conservation of Human Resources
Columbia University

Riesman, David
Professor, Sociology Department
University of Chicago

Sterling, J. E. Wallace
President, Stanford University

Wilson, Howard E.
Secretary, Educational Policies Commissioner
Washington

Wolfle, Dael
American Association for the Advancement
of Science

March 12, 1957 (revised)

SUBPANEL VI - U.S. DEMOCRATIC PROCESS - ITS CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY

<table><tr><td>Dickey, John S.<br>Chairman</td><td>President, Dartmouth College</td></tr><tr><td>Thomson, Charles A. H.<br>Panel Secretary</td><td>The Brookings Institution</td></tr><tr><td>Clay, Lucius D.</td><td>Ch. B., Continental Can Company, Inc.,<br>Former Commander in Chief, U.S. Forces in<br>Europe and Military Government, U. S. Zone<br>Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Dart, Justin W.</td><td>President, Rexall Drug Company</td></tr><tr><td>Hobby, Oveta Culp</td><td>President, The Houston Post<br>Former Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare</td></tr><tr><td>Percy, Charles H.</td><td>President, Bell & Howell<br>Director, Fund for Adult Education</td></tr><tr><td>Cantril, Hadley</td><td>The Institute for International Social Research</td></tr><tr><td>Elliott, William Y.</td><td>Department of Government, Harvard University</td></tr><tr><td>Goodpaster, Andrew J.</td><td>Brigadier General, C.E., U.S. Army</td></tr><tr><td>Heckscher, August</td><td>Director, Twentieth Century Fund<br>Director, New York Herald Tribune</td></tr><tr><td>Perkins, James A.</td><td>Vice President, Carnegie Corporation of New York</td></tr><tr><td>Pike, James A.</td><td>Dean, The Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine</td></tr><tr><td>Price, Don K.</td><td>Vice President, the Ford Foundation</td></tr><tr><td>Rostow, Walt W.</td><td>Center for International Studies<br>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</td></tr><tr><td>Sayre, Wallace S.</td><td>Department of Public Law and Government,<br>Columbia University</td></tr><tr><td>Smithies, Arthur</td><td>Graduate School of Public Administration,<br>Harvard University</td></tr></table>

March 15, 1957

Subpanel VI

- 2 -

Integration of Presidential Control of Foreign Policy
in the Federal Government

William Y. Elliott, Harvard University

Improving the Executive's Relations with the Congress
of the U. S. in the Formation of Foreign Policy

Executive-Legislative Relations and the Problems of
Strategic Planning

Stephen K. Bailey, Princeton, University

The Making of Timely Long-Range Strategic Decisions

C. H. Bonesteel, General, U. S. Army

The U. S. Strategic Planning Process: Retrospect and
Prospect

The Role of Budgetary Process to National Policy

Arthur Smithies, Harvard University

Notes on What Lies Ahead for the U. S. Defense
Establishment

Roswell Gilpatric, Cravath, Swaine and Moore

D. <u>The Development of Leaders and the Public Acceptance of Leadership with Particular Emphasis on the Non-governmental Aspects of the Problem</u>

Speaker: Charles H. Percy
Bell & Howell

Comment: James A. Pike
Dean, The Cathedral Church of St. John
the Divine

February 20, 1957 Meeting

E. <u>Leadership in the National Government</u>

Speaker: James A. Perkins
Carnegie Corporation of New York

Subpanel VI

- 3 -

Comment:

Wallace S. Sayre

Department of Public Law and Government,
Columbia University

Lucius D. Clay

Continental Can Company, Inc.

Papers:

Goals and Procedures in the Selection and Education
of High Talent for Leadership

J. Douglas Brown, Princeton University

Reflections on the Encouragement of Excellence

Eli Ginzberg, Columbia University

Values and Objectives

David Riesman, University of Chicago

Military Service and High Talent Manpower

John W. Gardner, Carnegie Foundation of
New York

Military Training, Military Service and The Education
of Talented Youth

Caryl P. Haskins, Carnegie Institution of
Washington

Military Service and High-Talent Manpower

Dael Wolfle, American Association for the
Advancement of Science

Notes on the Role of Leadership

Walt W. Rostow, Center for International
Studies, MIT

F. The Psychological Basis of Public Opinion

Speaker:

Hadley Cantril

SPECIAL STUDIES PROJECT

SUBPANEL VII - THE MORAL FRAMEWORK OF NATIONAL PURPOSE

<table><tr><td>McKeon, Richard P.<br>Chairman</td><td>Professor of Greek and Philosophy, University<br>of Chicago<br>President, International Institute of Philosophy</td></tr><tr><td>Heilbronner, Robert<br>Secretary</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calhoun, Robert L.</td><td>Professor of Historical Theology,<br>Yale University</td></tr><tr><td>Faust, Clarence H.</td><td>President, Fund for the Advancement of Education<br>Ford Foundation</td></tr><tr><td>Finkelstein, Louis</td><td>Director, Jewish Theological Seminary<br>of America</td></tr><tr><td>Johnson, F. Ernest</td><td>Professor of Education, Columbia University</td></tr><tr><td>LaFarge, John</td><td>Vice President and Director, Conference on<br>Science, Philosophy and Religion</td></tr><tr><td>MacIver, R. M.</td><td>Director, Juvenile Delinquency Evaluation<br>Project of the City of New York<br>Professor Emeritus of Political Philosophy<br>and Sociology, Columbia University</td></tr><tr><td>Murray, John Courtney</td><td>Professor of Philosophy, Woodstock College</td></tr></table>

March 15, 1957

March 18, 1957

March 11, 1957 Meeting

A. The Relationship Between Our Religious and Moral Values and Our
National Objectives

Discussion: It was decided that the Subpanel would address itself to some of the problems discussed by other subpanels and seek to develop their moral dimension.

Papers:
* Responsibility As Sign and As Instrumentality
  Richard McKeon, University of Chicago
* The Framework of National Purpose
  Staff Outline

April 8, 1957 Meeting
(Agenda not complete)

SUBPANEL I - U.S. INTERNATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

Chairman: Dean Rusk

President

Rockefeller Foundation

Panel Secretary: John King

Harvard Law School

PAPERS AND AUTHORS

PAPER NO.

Nature of American Interests in the World

The National Interest I-1

Walt W.Rostow

The Challenge Facing the United States I-la

Walt W.Rostow

Psychological Strategy and Policy

I-2 (unassigned)

The Racial Factor in Our International Relations I-3

Lester B.Granger

National Urban League

The Role of Alliances

Nuclear Technology and Alliances: An Analysis I-4

Roger Hilsman

Chief, Foreign Affairs Division, Library of Congress

Theory of Alliances I-5

Byron Dexter

Alliance as an Organizing Instrument I-6

George S. Pettee

Operations Research Office

Johns Hopkins University

Colonialism and the Emergence of Dependent Peoples

The Colonial Problem I-7

Froelich Rainey

University of Pennsylvania

American Policy and the Politics of Underdeveloped Countries I-8

Lucien W.Pye

Prerequisites for Political Stability in Backward Countries (Africa) I-9

Max F.Millikan

March 6, 1957

- 2 -

SUBPANEL I (Continued)

<table><thead><tr><th>PAPERS and AUTHORS</th><th>PAPER NO.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Europe</strong><br>Present and Future Relationships Between<br>U.S. and Western Europe<br>Lloyd A. Free<br>Institute for International Social Research</td><td>I-10</td></tr><tr><td>Energy and the Atlantic Alliance<br>Waldemar A. Nielsen<br>The Ford Foundation</td><td>I-11</td></tr><tr><td>Europe at the Crossroads: The Next 10-15 Years<br>Howard Whidden<br>Business Week</td><td>I-12</td></tr><tr><td>Political Trends in NATO<br>Robert Strausz-Hupe<br>Foreign Policy Research Institute<br>University of Pennsylvania</td><td>I-13</td></tr><tr><td>Trends in Western Germany<br>Fritz Kraemer<br>Office of Military Government<br>U.S.Army</td><td>I-14</td></tr><tr><td>Germany<br>Richard Scammon<br>Governmental Affairs Institute</td><td>I-15</td></tr><tr><td>The Role of the Anti-Communist "Left" in Europe<br>Sol M. Levitas<br>The New Leader</td><td>I-16</td></tr></tbody></table>

March 6, 1957

SUBPANEL I (Continued)

<table><thead><tr><th>PAPERS and AUTHORS</th><th>PAPER NO.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Latin America</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trends and American Attitude<br>Adolf A.Berle<br>Private Law Practice<br>Former Ambassador to Brazil</td><td>I-18</td></tr><tr><td>The Policy of the U.S. Toward the Countries<br>of Central and South America<br>Bryce Wood<br>Social Science Research Council</td><td>I-19</td></tr><tr><td>The U.S. and Latin America<br>Arthur P. Whitaker<br>Foreign Policy Research Institute<br>University of Pennsylvania</td><td>I-20</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Far East</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>America, Japan and the Asian Nations<br>Paul M.A. Linebarger<br>School of Advanced International Studies<br>Johns Hopkins University</td><td>I-21</td></tr><tr><td>The U.S. and Japan: Present Trends and Future Prospects<br>Robert A. Scalapino<br>University of California, Berkeley</td><td>I-22</td></tr><tr><td>China, the U.S. and the Continuing Struggle<br>Richard L. Walker<br>Yale University</td><td>I-23</td></tr><tr><td>China at Mid-Century<br>Howard Boorman<br>Columbia University</td><td>I-24</td></tr><tr><td>Some Considerations Pertinent to a China Policy<br>(Unattributed)</td><td>I-25</td></tr></tbody></table>

(over)

March 6, 1957

- 4 -

SUBPANEL I (Continued)

<table><thead><tr><th>PAPERS and AUTHORS</th><th>PAPER NO.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Southeast Asia</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U.S. Policies and Objectives with Respect to Current Trends and Future Problems<br>Edwin F. Stanton<br>Former Ambassador to Thailand</td><td>I-26</td></tr><tr><td>Problems and Trends in Southeast Asia<br>William T. Phillips<br>School of Advanced International Studies<br>John Hopkins University</td><td>I-27</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. Policy in Southeast Asia: The Case for a New Approach<br>William Henderson<br>Council on Foreign Relations</td><td>I-28</td></tr><tr><td>India's Foreign Policy with Special Reference to U.S. Relations<br>John Cady<br>Ohio University</td><td>I-29</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Middle East</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>American Policy for the Middle East<br>Max W. Thornburg</td><td>I-30</td></tr><tr><td>The Arab-Israeli Dispute<br>(Unattributed)</td><td>I-31</td></tr><tr><td>The Middle East after November 1956<br>Jacob C. Hurewitz<br>Columbia University</td><td>I-31a</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Africa</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Political and Economic Change in West Africa<br>L. Gray Cowan<br>Columbia University</td><td>I-32</td></tr><tr><td>Trends and Development in South Africa<br>Cornelis de Kiewiet<br>President, University of Rochester</td><td>I-33</td></tr><tr><td>Central and Southern Africa<br>Eugene Dvorin<br>Department of Political Science<br>Michigan State University</td><td>I-34</td></tr></tbody></table>

March 6, 1957

(revised)

- 5 -

SUBPANEL I (Continued)

PAPERS and AUTHORS PAPER NO.

East Africa
Carl G.Rosberg, Jr.
African Research and Studies
Boston University
I-35

I-36 (unassigned)

Soviet Orbit

Trends in Soviet Orbit
Philip E.Mosely
Council on Foreign Relations
I-37

Soviet Domestic Developments and the
Future of Soviet-American Relations
Frederick C.Barghoorn
Yale University
I-38

Soviet Internal Developments Over the Next Decade
Merle Fainsod
Harvard University
I-39

Notes on Change in the Soviet Union
Walt W.Rostow
Center for International Studies
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
I-40

Extent to Which U.S.Policy Can Affect
Soviet Development
Mose L.Harvey
National War College
I-41

Soviet Economic Growth, Trade, and Aid and the Soviet
Penetration into the Underdeveloped Areas
Nicolas Spulber
Institute of East European Studies
Indiana University
I-42

SUPPORTING PAPERS:

Subpanel II - U.S. International Security Objectives
and Strategy All Papers

Subpanel III- U.S. International Economic Objectives
and Strategy All Papers

March 6, 1957

Chairman: James McCormack, Jr.
Massachusetts Institute
of Technology

Panel Secretary: Townsend Hoopes
J.H. Whitney & Company

| PAPERS AND AUTHORS | PAPER NO. |
|---|---|
| Problems of Integrated Strategic Planning (Weapons and Missions) <br> General James McCormack, Jr. <br> Massachusetts Institute of Technology | II-1 |
| Integrated Strategic Planning in the Defense Department <br> George S. Pettee <br> Operations Research Office <br> Johns Hopkins University | II-2 |
| Implications of Technological Trends <br> Ellis A. Johnson <br> Operations Research Office <br> Johns Hopkins University | II-3 |
| Relation Between Technological Trends and Impact on Political Requirements <br> T. F. Walkowicz | II-4 |
| The Communist Strategy of Protracted Conflict <br> William R. Kintner <br> Operations Research Office <br> Johns Hopkins University | II-5 |
| Political Instability in the Underdeveloped Areas <br> James Cross <br> Center for International Studies <br> Massachusetts Institute of Technology | II-6 |
| Notes on What Lies Ahead for the U.S. <br> Defense Establishment <br> Roswell Gilpatric <br> Cravath, Swaine and Moore | II-7 |
| Old Uses for a New Navy <br> Willard Bascom <br> National Research Council <br> Civil Defense | II-8 |

(over)

March 6, 1957

- 2 -

SUBPANEL II (Continued)

<table><thead><tr><th>PAPERS and AUTHORS</th><th>PAPER NO.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Non-military Defense<br>N.E.Halaby<br>Servomechanisms, Inc.</td><td>II-9</td></tr><tr><td>"To Be or Not to Be..."<br>Willard Bascom<br>National Research Council</td><td>II-10</td></tr><tr><td>Trends and Problems in NATO (military)<br>H.A. DeWeerd<br>The RAND Corporation, California</td><td>II-11</td></tr><tr><td>The Nature of Nuclear War<br>Edward Teller<br>Radiation Laboratories<br>University of California, Berkeley</td><td>II-12</td></tr><tr><td>Technology and the Changing Nature of General War<br>G.A.Lincoln and A.A.Jordan<br>Political Science Department<br>U.S.Military Academy, West Point</td><td>II-13</td></tr></tbody></table>

SUPPORTING PAPERS (Principal)

<table><tr><td>The National Interest</td><td>I-1</td></tr><tr><td>Nuclear Technology and Alliances: An Analysis</td><td>I-4</td></tr><tr><td>Theory of Alliances</td><td>I-5</td></tr><tr><td>Alliance as an Organizing Instrument</td><td>I-6</td></tr><tr><td>Mutual Security Objectives, Operations and Trends of Military Aid</td><td>III-2</td></tr><tr><td>The Making of Timely, Long-Range Strategic Decisions</td><td>VI-7</td></tr><tr><td>The U.S. Strategic Planning Process: Retrospect and Prospect</td><td>VI-8</td></tr></table>

SUPPORTING PAPERS (Secondary)

Subpanel I papers on

Europe

Latin America

Far East

Southeast Asia

Middle East

Africa

Soviet Orbit

March 6, 1957

SUBPANEL III - U. S. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

Chairman: Milton Katz
Harvard Law School

Panel Secretary: Forrest D. Murden, Jr.
Ford Motor Company

PAPERS and AUTHORS

PAPER NO.

Economic Aid and Trade Policy as an Instrument
of National Strategy
Lincoln Gordon
Harvard Business School

III-1

Mutual Security Objectives, Operations and Trends
of Military Aid
H. H. Critz
Colonel, U. S. Army

III-2

III-3 (unassigned)

Economic Implications and Importance for National
Defense of an Expanding World Trade
Hugh B. Killough
Brown University

III-4

American Foreign Assistance and the Newly Independent
Countries of Asia and Africa
Thomas C. Schelling
Yale University

III-5

The Theory and Practice of Foreign Aid
Harlan Cleveland
Syracuse University

III-6

The Pattern of Soviet Policies
Towards the Underdeveloped Countries
W. W. Kulski
Syracuse University

III-7

Labor Problems in Industrialization of
Underdeveloped Countries
Frederick H. Harbison
Industrial Relations Section
Princeton University

III-8

III-9 (unassigned)

March 14, 1957

Revised

(OVER)

- 2 -

SUBPANEL III (Continued)

<table><thead><tr><th>PAPERS and AUTHORS</th><th>PAPER NO.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>The Suez Oil Crisis: Its Impact on the European Economy and its Effect on International Oil Policy<br>Walter J. Levy<br>Oil Consultant</td><td>III-10</td></tr><tr><td>World Population Trends and American Policy<br>Kingsley Davis<br>Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences</td><td>III-11</td></tr><tr><td>Prospects for Population Growth and Their Implications for Economic Development in India, 1956-1986<br>Ansley J.Coale and Edgar M. Hoover<br>Office of Population Research<br>Princeton University</td><td>III-12</td></tr><tr><td>The Role of Agriculture in Underdeveloped Countries and U.S.Policy<br>Arthur T.Mosher<br>Cornell University</td><td>III-13</td></tr><tr><td>Demographic Difficulties and U.S. Problems in Asia and North Africa<br>Irene Taeuber<br>Office of Population Research<br>Princeton University</td><td>III-14</td></tr></tbody></table>

SUPPORTING PAPERS

<table><tr><td>Subpanel I - U.S. International Objectives and Strategy</td><td>All Papers</td></tr><tr><td>Subpanel II - U.S. International Security Objectives and Strategy</td><td>All Papers</td></tr></table>

March 6, 1957

SUBPANEL IV - U.S.ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICY

Chairman:

Thomas E. McCabe

Panel Secretary:

Bayless A. Manning

Yale Law School

PAPERS and AUTHORS

PAPER NUMBER

Governmental Responsibility for Economic
Progress and Stability

Government Responsibility for Economic Growth and Stability
Dexter M. Keezer
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
IV-1

America at the Threshold of Abundance
Gerhard Colm
National Planning Association
IV-2

The Hopes and Prospects for Economic Growth
Grover W. Ensley
Joint Economic Committee, Congress
IV-3

Taxation Policy

Long-Run Problems of Fiscal Policy
William J. Fellner
Yale University
IV-4

The Outlook for Federal Tax Policy
Richard A. Musgrave
University of Michigan
IV-5

Governmental Responsibility for Individual
and Social Welfare

Social Insurance in the U.S. - Achievements, Problems, and Prospects
Herman M. Somers and Anne R. Somers
University of California
IV-6

The Role of Government in Individual and Social Welfare
Robert A. Dahl
Yale University
IV-7

Individual and Social Welfare
Lester B. Granger
National Urban League
IV-8

(over)

March 6, 1957

SUBPANEL IV (Continued)

| PAPERS and AUTHORS | PAPER NUMBER |
|---|---|
| **Farm Problem** | |
| The Decline in Farm Income<br>Theodore W.Schultz<br>Center for Advanced Study in the<br>Behavioral Sciences | IV-9 |
| Some Concepts and Long-Time Objectives<br>of Agricultural Policy<br>J.Norman Efferson<br>Louisiana State University | IV-10 |
| **Distressed Areas** | IV-11 (unassigne) |
| **Resources** | |
| The Outlook for Natural Resources and Problems<br>of Their Development<br>Joseph L.Fisher<br>Resources for the Future, Inc. | IV-12 |
| Meeting Future Resource Needs<br>Franklin A.Lindsay<br>McKinsey & Company | IV-13 |
| United States Water Problems<br>Fairfield Osborn and Robert G.Snider<br>The Conservation Foundation | IV-14 |
| **Transportation** | |
| Transportation: Trends, Problems and Recommendations<br>Ernest Williams<br>Columbia University | IV-15 |
| **Urban Problems** | |
| The Negro Problem in Metropolitan Areas<br>Morton Grodzins<br>University of Chicago | IV-16 |
| **SUPPORTING PAPERS** | |
| Subpanel V - U.S. Utilization of Human Resources | All Papers |

March 6, 1957

SUBPANEL V - U. S. UTILIZATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES

**Chairman:** James R. Killian, Jr.
President
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

**Panel Secretary:** Fred M. Hechinger
Associate Publisher
Bridgeport Herald

PAPERS and AUTHORS PAPER NUMBER

A Look Ahead: Prospective Population Growth and Related Changes in the United States V-1
Dudley Kirk
The Population Council, Inc.

High Talent Manpower for Science and Industry V-2
J. Douglas Brown
Princeton University

The Challenge of American Education's New Era V-3
Philip H. Coombs
Fund for the Advancement of Education

V-4 (unassigned)

Human Resources and National Policy V-4a
Eli Ginzberg
Columbia University

Overall Utilization of Creative Manpower V-5
Franklin A. Lindsay
McKinsey & Company

National Health - Sociological Aspects V-6
Lowell T. Coggeshall
University of Chicago

Social Psychiatry - Working Concepts V-7
John C. Whitehorn
Chief of Psychiatry
Johns Hopkins Hospital

(OVER)

March 14, 1957

Revised

SUBPANEL VI - U.S. DEMOCRATIC PROCESS - ITS CHALLENGE & OPPORTUNITY

Chairman:

John S. Dickey
President, Dartmouth College

Panel Secretary:

Charles A.H.Thomson
Brookings Institution

PAPERS and AUTHORS

PAPER NO.

Analysis of Democratic Structure

The Moral Basis for American Foreign Policy
William Y. Elliott
Harvard University

VI-1

Role of Executive

Executive Branch Organization for the Formulation
and Execution of National Security Policy
William R. Kintner
Operations Research Office
Johns Hopkins University

VI-2

Integration of Presidential Control of Foreign
Policy in the Federal Government
William Y. Elliott
Harvard University

VI-3

Improving the Executive's Relations with the
Congress of the U.S. in the Formation of Foreign Policy
William Y. Elliott
Harvard University

VI-3a

VI-4 (unassigned)

Executive - Legislative Relations and the Problem of
Strategic Planning
Stephen K. Bailey
Princeton University

VI-5

The Role of Budgetary Process to National Policy
Arthur Smithies
Harvard University

VI-6

Department of Defense

The Making of Timely Long-Range Strategic Decisions
General C.H. Bonesteel
U.S.Army

VI-7

(over)

March 6, 1957

- 2 -

SUBPANEL VI (Continued)

| PAPERS and AUTHORS | PAPER NO. |
|---|---|
| The U.S.Strategic Planning Process: Retrospect and Prospect <br> N.E.Halaby <br> Servomechanisms,Inc. | VI-8 |
| **Department of State** | |
| American Foreign Relations: The Formulation <br> and Conduct of Foreign Policy <br> Avra Warren <br> Former Ambassador to Turkey | VI-9 |
| Organization for Decision-Making <br> Wallace S.Sayre <br> Columbia University | VI-10 |
| Congressional-Executive Relations and Foreign Policy <br> Roger Hilsman <br> Chief,Foreign Affairs Division <br> Library of Congress | VI-11 |
| Trends in the President's Opportunity to <br> Manage U.S FOREIGN AFFAIRS <br> Arnold Miles <br> Bureau of the Budget | VI-12 |
| **SUPPORTING PAPER** | |
| Problems of Integrated Strategic Planning | II-1 |

March 6, 1957