April 10, 1964

Dr. E. K. Scheuch
Emerson 203

Dear Dr. Scheuch:

Karl Kaiser has told me of your interest in the German symposium we are conducting.

Several of us feel that in many respects less is known about trends in European societies after the war than about most other topics. We are, therefore, trying to publish a series of books about those features of various European societies particularly relevant to an understanding of their present dynamics. We have published one book about France. We are now thinking of doing one on Germany.

The proposed book will seek to analyze the situation of the Federal Republic of Germany and project trends into the future. The purpose would be to understand the nature of politics in the Federal Republic, the sociological structure, the nature of its economy, how the new Germany conceives its role in the world and the impact of the division of the country on its future course. An attempt should be made to determine the historical roots of contemporary conditions and by definition, to assay the vitality of the new elements.

We plan to meet here at the Center on Thursday, April 23rd from 3:00-5:00 p.m. and Friday, April 24th from 9:00-11:00 a.m. to discuss the papers by Professor K.D. Bracher, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California; Alain Clement, Washington correspondent for *Le Monde*; Professor Ralf Dahrendorf, Soziologisches Seminar der Universität, Tübingen, Germany; Professor Klaus Epstein, Department of History, Brown University and Professor Ferenc Vali, Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts.

....

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

EMERSON HALL
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02138

April 17, 1964

Professor Henry A. Kissinger
Center for International Affairs
6 Divinity Avenue
Harvard University

Dear Professor Kissinger:

I would like to thank you very much for your invitation of April 10 to participate in a conference on the Federal Republic of Germany. Please excuse my not replying immediately, but I first had to solve some scheduling problems.

I gladly accept your invitation -- although I have one slight problem left. On Thursday afternoons, I teach a graduate seminar in methods of social research, and this seminar runs from 1:30 to 4:30. Unfortunately, it will not be possible for me to cancel it, as it is the last meeting of the semester, and *since* I could not reschedule the course for another *date*, I can, however, cut the seminar short, and thus be with you at the latest by 4 o'clock. Would this at all be acceptable to you if under these circumstances I might be up to one hour late for the meeting on Thursday? I realize that this is 25% of the total time budgeted, and feel very bad about it -- but I'm afraid I don't see any alternative.

The list of papers to be discussed looked very exciting, and I wonder whether I might be able to pick up copies by Tuesday. Would Tuesday the 21st also be a possible date to meet for lunch?

Let me thank you very much again for your invitation.

EKS:agf

Enc. Memo on European Seminar

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Department of Social Relations

Information for
Faculty and Staff

Erwin K. Scheuch
208 Emerson Hall
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

EUROPEAN SEMINAR ON THE USES OF SURVEY RESEARCH!

<table><tr><td>I. Character of the seminar</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>II. Participants</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>III. Schedule of instruction</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>IV. Organizational provisions</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>V. List of staff and addresses</td><td>15</td></tr></table>

The first of a series of "European Seminars on the Uses of Survey Research" will be held from June 25 to July 25, 1964, at the University of Cologne. It is expected that in subsequent years this seminar will convene successively in a number of other European countries. The European Seminar is sponsored mainly by UNESCO, and administered jointly by the UNESCO headquarters, a National Commission of UNESCO, and a university.

The Seminar is to provide training in the methodology of social research with the intent of increasing the impact of the empirical social sciences on industrialized societies. The Seminar is further designed to encourage cross-cultural comparisons, and to prepare strategically selected groups for the rapidly increasing opportunities to locate and use available empirical evidence for decision-making.

Successful participation should thus accomplish the following:

a) create an understanding for the possibilities of survey research in general;

b) turn participants into more efficient clients of survey research services, by enabling them to define better their problems to professional researchers;

c) increase their skills in understanding survey results, and specifically in perceiving limitations often not explicit in research reports;

d) lay a foundation for possible further self-study of research technology;

e) increase international understanding in general, and specifically in the substantive areas emphasized in the teaching material.

2

# I. Character of the Seminar

## 1. Goals of the seminar

The European Seminar attempts to inform persons interested in the social sciences as empirical disciplines about the current tools for collecting evidence. Although the Seminar will largely deal with research techniques, its goal is by no means to train researchers; rather, the main orientation is to educate actual or potential users of research. This focus was chosen in the expectation that, at present, training "consumers" rather than research technicians will have the greater social and scholarly impact: better informed "consumers" should mean a better utilization of research findings; it should lead to an improvement of research itself, by enhancing the effectiveness of persons with subject matter knowledge when participating in the formulation of a research project; lastly, this should also contribute to increasing the requests for research.

Equally important in designing the Seminar were the expected effects on the attitudes of the participants. In this connection, the major aim was to increase the cross-cultural orientation of a group of (potentially) societally relevant persons. This effect is to be achieved by special consideration of cross-cultural material in lectures, through research performed by participants on cross-cultural studies, by insisting on a multi-national faculty, and through the representation of as many countries as possible amongst the participants. At the same time, through exposure to empirical material, the participants should be motivated to check (their own and others') generalizations about their own society. Probably no single experience is more effective in reducing one's reliance on impressions and inclination towards neat generalizations about societies, than exposure to IBM cards representing truly cross-sectional surveys within a variety of countries. As implied in this description, this effect on attitudes is expected not as the result of a direct attempt on the part of the faculty (the slightest effort in this direction would be against the whole conception of the Seminar), but as a predictable reaction to an immediate experience.

## 2. Type of instruction

In trying to accomplish these goals, the Seminar will use a somewhat different type of instruction from what is usual in such international seminars.

1. Formal instructions will concentrate less on presenting a set of rules for proper procedure and more on treating research as a series of decision steps, in each of which technological knowledge ("rules") has to be related to subject matter knowledge.
2. Formal instruction ("courses") is combined with exposure to a research experience in small groups, working on a project of their choice ("project groups").
3. The major content of the research experience will be cross-culturally comparative studies (see III/3, bottom).

The schedule of instruction (see III/2b) has been planned in such a way that course work and work in project groups will form an interlocking combination. In this combination, regular courses and research in project groups are meant to have the same importance.

3

(1) There will be two types of formal instruction: As the major part three courses on procedures in survey research and related data collection tools -- and in addition two half-courses on major applications of surveys. In keeping with the general orientation of the Seminar, the first three courses are not intended to enable students to conduct their own surveys; their main purpose is to give participants an understanding of the meaning of the material obtained by survey research -- its prospects as well as its limitations. Specifically, these courses on sampling, interviewing, and analysis shall equip students with some facilities for the secondary analyses to be performed in the project groups. (In the actual work there, however, students will be aided by technologically knowledgeable teaching assistants.) These courses will also try to make students "design-conscious" rather than technology-oriented.

Especially the course in analysis will attempt to provide participants with some judgment as to what survey research could accomplish beyond its prevailing modes of usage. In addition, the instruction in analysis will try to clarify the place of survey research operations within the process of inference, and thereby help in understanding the nature of survey data.

Two courses are meant to examine the usefulness of survey research in two major areas of application: political behavior and economic behavior. The specific topics for which survey research is presently used will be contrasted with the general orientations in these fields. This confrontation should indicate possible additional uses of surveys, while distinguishing between surveys as the main technique for obtaining evidence and surveys as a supplementary tool of data collection. The topics chosen for emphasis should partly coincide with the areas from which studies are selected for secondary analyses.

By way of contrast (and overemphasizing the differences), one might characterize the first set of three courses as proceeding from the interests of survey researchers, looking outward from there to various uses; the second set of two courses will emphasize the concerns of substantive fields, and look upon survey research as a possibly major tool.

(2) The "project groups" are a second major tool of instruction. These are small groups (between 4 and 8 persons) of participants that meet under the guidance of the instructors and carry out a program of secondary analysis on a topic of their choice.

Project groups are assumed to accomplish an emotional involvement of the participants in empirical research and have an effect on their attitudes, which, on the basis of learning theory, cannot equally be expected to result from listening to lectures -- at least not within such a short time. Consequently, in these project groups the emphasis is on the students' themselves performing operations in secondary analysis and organizing their experience in the form of a group report.

Project groups should be especially important in increasing a cross-cultural orientation. This effect should result from two strategies: a) secondary analyses performed on cross-culturally comparative studies; and b) an insistence on as many nationalities as possible being represented within one group. (This presupposes a certain mix of fields for students from each of the countries.)

4

Project groups will first meet at the beginning of the second week of the Seminar, after students have been exposed to an intensive program of lectures on techniques of survey research. Participants will be free to choose their project group in accordance with their interests, but within the size-limits for groups mentioned above. During five scheduled meetings under the guidance of a faculty member, the groups will first define their topics for group work, decide on a program for analysis, review their results, and/or as a group, prepare a short summary research report. The studies selected for secondary analysis have been chosen with a view to their high intrinsic interest for students. Given the lack of technical skill amongst participants, the project groups will be aided in their actual analysis work by teaching assistants. However, some involvement in actual analysis appears essential to achieve one of the purposes of the Seminar: to demolish easy preconceptions about national differences; this effect is typically not achieved when one merely discusses frequency distributions and standard breakdowns.

5

## II. Participants

As the Seminar is conceived as increasing the impact of social research in European societies, the participants should come from a variety of positions which affect type and degree of using research. What positions in particular will obviously depend on a concrete society -- but below a list of fields is given which are usually of such relevance in most Western European societies. Although subsequently there are many references to conditions in Western Europe, it would increase the usefulness of the Seminar if persons from Eastern European countries could participate. In general, the Seminar was conceived with a type of audience in mind roughly comparable to that to which the "Salzburg Seminar" addresses itself. In planning the audience, the following criteria were used: 1) representation of various countries; 2) type of position filled in society; and 3) fields of operation.

### 1. Representing various societies

To achieve a maximum mixture of societies represented, a quota by country is used in selecting participants. The following distribution of numbers is meant as a guideline in selection, not as fixed quotas to be filled; to insist on a fixed numerical representation of countries regardless of the types of candidate offered would be in contrast with the cross-cultural emphasis of the Seminar.

The total number of participants for the first Seminar should be around 40, and should not exceed 45. The host country is represented by a disproportionate number of participants in recognition of the special interest in the Seminar displayed there. The remaining participants should be distributed across the greatest possible variety of countries -- of course regardless of political systems. In proposing below a number of participants by countries, the relative size of social research activities was taken into consideration. Since one of the aims of the Seminar is to facilitate the use of archives for survey data, the existence or MINIMUM of such facilities was an important criterion. In addition, we tried to take into account the number of different fields needing representation before social impact could be expected (based on our assumptions about the societal autonomy of various fields in different societies).

<table><thead><tr><th>Society</th><th>Desired number of participants</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Host country (Germany)</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Benelux countries</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Eastern European countries (except USSR)</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Scandinavian countries</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>USSR</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Yugoslavia</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Others</td><td>1</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td>MAXIMUM TOTAL</td><td>45</td></tr></tfoot></table>

6

## 2. Representation of various types of positions and fields

In addition to representing the greatest possible variety of countries, participants are selected with reference to the following criteria: a) They should come from fields where additional knowledge of survey results would be beneficial, and a quick application of such knowledge conceivable. b) The occupational position should make it possible for the participant to advise on the commissioning of surveys, or even on the establishment of research facilities within his institution (or more efficient use of those already existing). c) In general, participants should come from fields where a spread of knowledge of the character and the potentialities of empirical social science would have some social effect. d) Participants should hold positions where information about social structures and processes of change in other countries would be of some consequence, or where the spread of such knowledge would result in reducing barriers between countries based on misunderstanding. Of course, a candidate would not normally meet all those requirements, but should meet at least one of those enumerated here.

We plan to concentrate recruitment in the following fields:

1) government officials, and specifically officials from international organizations;

2) officers of "voluntary" organizations such as Chambers of Commerce, trade organizations, trade unions, civic associations;

3) members of political organizations and institutions;

4) persons in occupations requiring social planning, such as e.g. city planners or heads of welfare organizations;

5) personnel in the field of education;

6) persons in responsible positions in libraries and public archives;

7) personnel of the media of mass communication;

8) persons in the profession of law.

It would not be in complete accordance with the objectives of the Seminar to draw a large majority of its attendants from universities. However, in view of the unfamiliarity with empirical social science at many European universities, one cannot bypass academic institutions as fields for recruitment. In a few countries, recruitment will even concentrate on academic institutions.

It would ease recruitment in Europe if one could announce that a certificate would be given for successful participation. Since the Seminar is probably not given the status of a legal person, such a certificate could be issued through the Zentralarchiv as the facility through which the program might be administered. This and other possibilities are under consideration.

## 3. Conditions for application

Applications to attend the Seminar will be entertained from now on, and should be directed to either Professor René König or Günter Schmölders. A short description of the academic and professional career, a statement about the type of potential usage for the results of social research, and two supporting letters should accompany an application. The Local Committee in Cologne will shortly begin active recruiting, and will then issue a more formal statement about application procedures.

7

In addition to other channels for recruitment, it is hoped that the Seminar
can count on the faculty and the senior staff to suggest candidates. Such
suggestions will be given preference in the final selection. It is now
expected that this final selection will occur by mid-May 1961.

The only official language of instruction is English. In view of the
nationality-mix within project groups, an active understanding of English
is essential. (A choice had to be made in order to prevent loss of time
due to translation; English was chosen as the dominant language of the
professional literature in the field.)

Attendance at the Seminar is without charge. Stipends for part of the
participants are available up to a maximum of $250. In addition, travel
costs for some of the participants can be repaid up to a maximum of $40.
The funds are handled by the German UNESCO-Commission. A local staff will
help in providing living accommodations and solving other problems of living
and studying in a foreign country (see section V).

8

### III. Provisional schedule of instruction

Courses and project groups will meet Monday through Friday from 9:00 to 12:30 and from 14:30 to 17:00. There will usually be two courses in the morning and parallel meetings of project groups in the afternoons (except Wednesday). Courses no. 1-3 are intended for all participants; courses no. 4 and 5 are elective. Each student will have the choice of one project group. The sizes of project groups will vary between four and eight members.

The work load of a student will thus consist of attending four courses and participating in one project group. Members of project groups will be expected also to meet informally without the guidance of faculty to carry out the practical work on their reports.

The regular faculty consists of five social scientists from five different countries. These faculty members teach the five regular courses and counsel the work in the project groups. The instructors for the courses no. 1-3 will each supervise one project group, while the faculty for courses no. 4 and 5 will advise two such groups. There is a special faculty for the introductory session.

#### 1. Introductory Session

The objective of the introductory week is the placement of the later specialized courses into a general context.

<table><thead><tr><th>Date</th><th>Topic</th><th>Speaker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>June 25<br>Thursday</td><td><u>The place of survey research in the social sciences:</u><br>I. The position of surveys among the techniques of data collection<br>II. Surveys in the new behavioral economics</td><td>Rene König<br>Gunter Schmolders</td></tr><tr><td>June 26<br>Friday</td><td><u>Cross-cultural comparisons by means of survey research:</u><br>III. An overview of some uses<br>IV. Promises and problems for theory and methods in the social sciences</td><td>N.N.<br>Erwin K. Scheuch</td></tr><tr><td>June 27<br>Saturday</td><td><u>Current developments and facilities for survey research:</u><br>V. Current developments in the work of survey research institutes<br>VI. Facilities for survey research and secondary analyses: commercial and academic</td><td>N.N.<br>Marten Brouwer (?)</td></tr></tbody></table>

Thursday and Friday afternoons are set aside for individual counselling on administrative and other organizational problems.

9

## 2. Regular Courses of Instruction

### 3. Provisional Course Descriptions

#### COURSES IN THE METHODOLOGY OF SURVEY RESEARCH

##### Course #1: Sampling Human Populations

Instructor: N.N.

The emphasis should be on a confrontation of sampling theory with the practical designs and problems in sampling human populations. The consequences of differences between assumptions in sampling theory and actual conditions in field work for interpreting survey results should be outlined.

Among topics to be treated in the course are:

1) an outline of sampling theory;

2) history of sampling human populations;

3) overview of practical sampling designs;

4) differences in sampling for censuses, survey research institutes, and ad hoc studies

5) the controversy over quota sampling;

6) stratified and multi-stage designs;

7) sampling losses and their control;

8) problems resulting from sampling from frames for human populations;

9) other sources of bias in sampling human populations;

10) interpretation problems for estimates of the standard error;

11) sampling problems in internationally comparative investigations.

Suggested authors with whom students should familiarize themselves: C.A. Moser, Leslie Kish, Mildred Parten, Frank Yates, Stephan and McCarthy.

##### Course #2: The Interview in Survey Research

Instructor: Scheuch

The course will treat the interview as one (although a most important) amongst a number of techniques for data collection. In dealing with the various rules about interviewing when used as a research tool, the implications for the evidential character of the responses will be discussed.

Topics to be covered:

1) theory of the interview;

2) types of interviewing procedures;

3) the phrasing of questions;

4) the construction of questionnaires;

5) the organization of an interviewing staff;

6) interviewer-respondent interaction in poll-type interviewing;

7) problems of unstructured interviewing;

8) special forms of the interview: group and stress interviews;

9) mail surveys and self-administered questionnaires;

10) factors influencing the validity and reliability of findings;

11) problems in interviewing for cross-cultural projects;

12) supplementing the interview with other data collection techniques.

10

Some suggested texts: Kahn and Cannell; Ilyman (I); König *Handbuch* and "Das Interview"; Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. I.

## Course #3: The Analysis of Survey Research Data

Instructor: Philip Converse

In discussing strategies and procedures in the analysis of data, the interrelation between the theoretical and practical concerns and the treatment of empirical observations will be stressed. In addition, there will be an emphasis on the consequences of dealing with the data which a researcher collected himself, as against using the material of other researchers.

### Topics to be covered:

1) analysis plan and study design;

2) classification and measurement;

3) processing survey data: the construction of codes;

4) processing SR data: coding;

5) simple analysis: marginals and two-way breaks;

6) alternative views in treating survey responses -- the notion of indicators;

7) indices and scales;

8) multivariate analysis;

9) some special problems of secondary analysis;

10) graphic presentation of results;

11) application of selected statistical techniques;

12) uses and abuses of tests of significance and of factor analysis;

13) simulation with survey data;

14) changing patterns in analysis through use of high-speed computers;

15) problems in combining survey with non-survey data.

## COURSES IN THE APPLICATION OF SURVEY RESEARCH TO SUBJECT MATTER FIELDS

### Course #4: Applications of Survey Research to Economic Problems

Instructor: N.N.

The course will probably consider a wide range of applications from the uses for economics as an academic discipline (e.g. Katona) and for fiscal policy (e.g. Schmolders), to its uses for business administration, and specifically in marketing.

### Course #5: The Uses of Survey Research in Political Science and in Politics

Instructor:
Stein Rokkan & N.N.

In discussing the utilization of surveys both by political scientists and by politicians, the emphasis will be on voting behavior.

The course will be given by two instructors. During the first part, political participation is examined over time and across societies. The second part of the course will either concentrate on voting studies in the usual sense, or on studies of political decision-makers -- or both.

12

### 3. Scheduled meetings of project groups
(All scheduled meetings are in the afternoon.)

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">PROPOSED AREA FOR RESEARCH</th><th colspan="3">WEEK</th></tr><tr><th>July 6-10</th><th>July 13-17</th><th>July 20-24</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>A. Political behavior</td><td>Monday<br>Thursday</td><td>Monday<br>Thursday</td><td>Monday</td></tr><tr><td>B. Studies of elites</td><td>Tuesday<br>Friday</td><td>Tuesday<br>Friday</td><td>Wednesday</td></tr><tr><td>C. Economic behavior</td><td>Monday<br>Thursday</td><td>Monday<br>Thursday</td><td>Monday</td></tr><tr><td>D. Mass media, popular culture, and leisure</td><td>Monday<br>Thursday</td><td>Monday<br>Thursday</td><td>Monday</td></tr><tr><td>E. National stereotypes and prejudice</td><td>Tuesday<br>Friday</td><td>Tuesday<br>Friday</td><td>Wednesday</td></tr><tr><td>F. Studies on international and supranational integration</td><td>Tuesday<br>Friday</td><td>Tuesday<br>Friday</td><td>Wednesday</td></tr><tr><td>G. Open reserve</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Some suggestions as to surveys to be used for secondary analyses in the respective project groups. (Material will probably be available at the "Zentralarchiv" of the University of Cologne.)

A. Almond-Verbas studies

B. Lerner studies on politico-economic elites; main theme international integration. Haire-Porter surveys on leadership styles in industry. Cantril (1957) study of parliamentarians in various countries.

C. Reader's Digest study "Products and People." Possibly comparative material on attitudes toward taxation.

D. Reader's Digest study "Products and People."

E. UNESCO Four-Country Study. Lerner study 1957.

F. Gallup-group survey (1962) on attitudes towards the common market. Lerner study 1957 and 1959.

G. Material from the US Information Service.

All these are internationally comparative surveys. It would of course also be legitimate to combine various national investigations.

13

# IV. Organizational Provisions and Administrative Considerations

## 1. Facilities

Courses will meet in seminar rooms of the University of Cologne. Meeting rooms for the project groups will be provided by the institutes of the University.

Hours for instruction for morning sessions will be 9-10:30 and 11-12:30, and for afternoon meetings 14:30-17:00.

Staff and students will have access to the libraries of the Zentralarchiv für empirische Sozialforschung and those of the Soziologische Seminar. It is also expected that free access to the general university library can be arranged.

Cologne University has the first operational survey data archive in Europe, the Zentralarchiv für empirische Sozialforschung. Established in 1961, the archive has a substantial number of surveys ready for secondary analysis. Instructors will be supplied with a list of the studies. Most of the material is, however, from surveys in Germany. Specifically for this seminar, the Zentralarchiv has obtained a number of internationally comparative studies, with an emphasis on cross-national comparisons within Europe. This latter material is mentioned in our description of the schedule of project groups. Instructors will thus have very convenient access to a variety of empirical material.

The Zentralarchiv will make arrangements for students to use card processing equipment. It is expected that the students will only work with simple equipment -- such as counter-sorters, replicators, and related auxiliary machines. There is unfortunately no conveniently accessible IBM 10L, but a (very easy to operate) Bull machine that performs some of its functions is available. In addition, we shall have some computer time. The computing center of the University of Cologne has at present a custom-built machine that has somewhat lower capacities than the 709. (An IBM 7090 is available at the University of Bonn, but access may be somewhat difficult.) There is a sociologist on the staff of this computing center who will aid faculty in developing and running programs.

## 2. Teaching Load

Courses #1, #2, and #3 will meet 11 times each; courses #4 and #5 are considered half-courses and will meet 6 times. Project groups will have 5 scheduled meetings. While it is expected that students will arrange additional meetings among themselves, only the scheduled meetings should be supervised by the faculty members. The actual secondary analyses performed by the students will be aided by the teaching assistants.

14

For the main period of the seminar, each instructor will teach either one full course (#1-#3) and direct the work of one project group, or will teach one half-course (#4-#5) and supervise the work of two project groups. The work load connected with either type of instruction is considered equivalent.*

The actual type of instruction and the kind of supervision will be left to the discretion of the instructors.

Residence is expected only during the time period when the respective courses or project groups actually meet.

### 3. Size of classes

Courses #1 - #3 are considered obligatory for all participants. Accordingly, classes will have an approximate size of 40 students. Courses #4 and #5 are elective. While an effort will be made to direct students in approximately equal numbers to either course offering, actual registration will depend on the eventual composition of the student body. Thus, attendance may perhaps vary between 15 and 25 students.

Project groups will vary in size between 4 and 8 students.

### 4. Language of Instruction

English is the official language of instruction. Thus, facility in this language has to be expected from all regular instructors, lecturers, supporting staff, and participants.

### 5. Supporting personnel

Each instructor for the regular courses will have at his disposal a teaching assistant from whom he may be expected about 20 hours of work a week.

There will be a special administrative staff to arrange rooms for instruction, help in the supply of teaching materials, give support in solving the practical problems of living in a foreign country (such as housing), and in general aid faculty and students.

* Course #5 and the respective work groups (probably A and B) will actually be taught by two instructors. A similar arrangement may have to be worked out for course #4.

15

V. Tentative List of Staff and Relevant Addresses

1. Teaching Staff for Regular Courses and Project Groups

<table><tr><td>Course 1: Sampling</td><td>OPEN</td></tr><tr><td>Course 2: Interviewing</td><td>Erwin K. Scheuch<br>Harvard University (Cologne University)</td></tr><tr><td>Course 3: Analysis</td><td>Philip E. Converse<br>Survey Research Center<br>University of Michigan<br>Ann Arbor, Michigan</td></tr><tr><td>Course 4: Economic Applications</td><td>OPEN</td></tr><tr><td>Course 5: Political Applications</td><td>Stein Rokkan July 6-12 OPEN<br>Chr. Michelsens Institutt July 13-24<br>12, Kalvedalsvei<br>Bergen, Norway</td></tr></table>

2. Teaching Staff for Introductory Week

<table><tr><td>Lecture 1: Surveys among Techniques of Data Collection</td><td>René König<br>Forschungsinstitut für Soziologie<br>Universität zu Köln<br>Köln-Lindenthal, Deutschland</td></tr><tr><td>Lecture 2: Surveys and Economics</td><td>Günter Schmölders<br>Institut für Finanzwissenschaft<br>Universität zu Köln<br>Köln-Lindenthal, Deutschland</td></tr><tr><td>Lecture 3: Some Cross-Cultural Applications</td><td>Marten Brouwer<br>Institut voor Perswetenschap<br>Universiteit van Amsterdam<br>Kaizersgracht 604<br>Amsterdam C., Holland</td></tr><tr><td>Lecture 4: Methodological and Theoretical Problems and Promises</td><td>Erwin K. Scheuch<br>Harvard University</td></tr><tr><td>Lecture 5: Developments in Survey Research Institutes</td><td>OPEN</td></tr><tr><td>Lecture 6: Facilities for Survey Research</td><td>OPEN</td></tr></table>

3. Local Committee for the European Seminar

<table><tr><td>Professor René König</td><td>(Sociology)</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Günter Schmölders</td><td>(Public Finance and Economics)</td></tr></table>

17

d. Inquiries about teaching material

Frl. Iris Brüning
Zentralarchiv für empirische Sozialforschung
Geibelstrasse 5
Köln-Lindenthal

e. Inquiries from instructors about teaching and living arrangements

Dr. Strümpel
Forschungsstelle für empirische Sozialoekonomik
Geibelstrasse 5
Köln-Lindenthal

f. Inquiries concerning financial questions

Dr. Mechtild Fischer
Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission
Komödienstrasse 40
Köln

g. Inquiries to UNESCO-Paris

Dr. Zyss or M. Henquet
Social Sciences Division
Maison de l'UNESCO
1, Place de Fontenoy
Paris XIIe, France

6. Staff Positions still to be filled

a. Five teaching assistants (graduate students), one for each instructor, especially to help with the empirical work in project groups. Approximate duties 20 hours of work for four weeks each. Remuneration $100. These assistants may be recruited by the instructors, if the latter so desire. Otherwise, the local committee will provide the instructors with a list of candidates to choose from.

b. Part-time clerical help and ad hoc aides for administrative tasks (budget positions 11 and 14), primarily when the seminar is in session, will be recruited by the local committee.

June 18, 1964

Professor Erwin Scheuch
Seminar Fuer Soziologie
Wise-Fakultaet
Universitaet Koeln
Koeln-Lindenthal
Germany

Dear Professor Scheuch:

I am enclosing a summary of the meetings about the German book which took place at Harvard in April to help you in writing your paper. In a little while Karl Kaiser, who is assisting me in the preparation of this book, will send you that part of the transcript of our meeting which is relevant to your topic. In addition to some of the points covered in the memorandum, I would like to add two other considerations which may not apply fully to your particular topic.

1. It should be kept in mind that this study will not appear before late summer 1965. It would, therefore, seem best to attempt to take into account the dynamics of the topics and try to emphasize those problems which can be expected to be relevant through the middle and long-term future.

2. As German foreign policy will not be dealt with in one general chapter but in different essays, you might try to keep in mind a number of questions you would like to see discussed in a chapter on German foreign policy. In this connection the problem of continuity and change would be especially interesting. To what extent have traditional patterns of thinking in the relations of Germany to the rest of the world been preserved? How relevant are they or could they become in the future? What might be regarded as distinctly new? These are some of the questions that might be asked in the chapters on aspects of German foreign policy.

I hope that you and Professor Dahrendorf have managed, in the meantime, a division of labor.

It would be very helpful to have your paper by September 15th since we are planning another discussion session at the end of October.

I look forward to hearing from you.

UNIVERSITÄT ZU KÖLN
ZENTRALARCHIV FÜR EMPIRISCHE SOZIALFORSCHUNG

PROF. DR. G. SCHMÖLDERS
Prof. Dr. E.K. Scheuch

5 Köln-Lindenthal,
Geibelstraße 5 - Telefon 42 62 20

8-27-1964

Professor Henry A. Kissinger,
Harvard University,
Center for International Affairs,
6 Divinity Avenue,
Cambridge 38, Mass.

Dear Professor Kissinger :

Please excuse my long delay in responding to your letter of
June 18. The main reason for this long silence was the absence
of anything definite to report.

For a while I tried to arrange a meeting with Dahrendorf and
finally, by the end of July, managed at least to get him for a
long telephone conversation. Résumé : right now he does not
feel like writing anything. At that time, however, he promised
to think his stand over again and inform me by letter of his
decision. Such a letter never arrived, but Karl Kaiser's com-
munication of today reminded me that you need to make definite
decisions. Provided that Mr. Dahrendorf does not suddenly
develop enthusiasm for the project, I would assume in your place
that he will finally contribute something on German elite and
their rôle in the German democratic system, emphasizing differences
in elite structure and elite attitudes between Germany and other
Western democracies. I think you must assume that this contribut=
ion might be some time written by Dahrendorf, but that he would
not be an attendant at a conference.

ZENTRALARCHIV

Blatt 2 vom 8-27-1964

In view of this, we might late in October decide that you would
like a more general contribution from me than I am presently
scheduled to give. However, until then I think I shall continue
working on "Mass Media and German Politics".

Getting settled here was more time-consuming than I had hoped,
and thus I am rather sure that I cannot meet the deadline of
September 15 that you mention in your letter. However, would a
detailed outline already be of help for you ? This I could indeed
prepare by that date.

Presently, I am making my plans for fall, 1964. Can I assume
that some sort of meeting will still be held at the end of October ?
If no general meeting will be scheduled, would it be useful if I
were to spend a number of days at the Center during that time ?
It will be somewhat difficult for me to get away from Cologne during
the subsequent months.

Let me thank you again for inviting me to collaborate on this
fascinating project of yours.

GOHRSMÜHLE

PROF. DR. G. SCHMÖLDERS

Prof. Dr. E.K. Scheuch

5 Köln-Lindenthal,
Geibelstraße 5 - Telefon 426220

9-5-1964

Dear Professor Kissinger :

Thank you for your note of September 1st.

I am sorry to learn - although not surprised - that the October
date for a meeting can probably not be met. Unfortunately,
from then on until March 1st my schedule is rather crowded, since
René König will be in Berkeley during that time and I shall have
to also take over his duties. In addition, I am guest Professor
in Berlin.

Right now it looks as though the only time where I could get away
for any number of days would be between December 28 and January 6,
and by stretching it a bit perhaps even January 9.

Do I have a chance to see you when you come to Europe ?

GOHRSMÜHLE

September 9, 1964

Professor Dr. E.K. Scheuch
Universität Zu Köln
Zentralarchiv Für Empirische Sozialforschung
5 Köln-Lindenthal
Geibelstrasse 5
Germany

Dear Professor Scheuch:

In Professor Kissinger's absence,
I am writing to acknowledge the receipt
of your letter of September 5th.

He is scheduled to return to the
office at the end of this month and I
will bring your letter to his attention
at that time.

Secretary
Jean Blanchard

Sincerely yours,

at that time.
will bring your letter to his attention
office at the end of this month and I
He is scheduled to return to the
of your letter of September 2nd.
I am writing to acknowledge the receipt
in Professor Klaarner's absence.

of your letter of September 2nd.
I am writing to acknowledge the receipt
in Professor Klaarner's absence.
Dear Professor Schenck:

Dear Professor Schenck:

Germany
Gesellschaft 2
2 Köln-Lindenthal
Zentralestichv. zur Embranche Sozialforschung
Universität zu Köln
Professor Dr. E.K. Schenck

September 3, 1964

October 7, 1964

My dear Professor Scheuch:

I have discussed with Karl Kaiser the possibility
of your coming to Harvard for a week at the end of October.

We would be most eager to have you speak at a Seminar
which Stanley Hoffmann and Laurence Wylie and I have started
on West European studies. I am enclosing a list of topics
we are covering. We had hoped that you would speak about the
topic scheduled for October 28th though you may, if you wish,
cover the topic for November 4th as an alternative. You will
probably want to concentrate on Germany though comparisons
to other countries would make it even more interesting.

In addition, I would like to have some consultation
with you about the German volume.

We could pay your $250 for this and perhaps a little
bit more. Could you let me know immediately if this is
agreeable with you?

Kind regards.

Henry V. Kießinger

Sincerely yours,

Kind regards.

agreeable with you?

pitt more. Could you let me know immediately if this is

We could pay your $520 for this and perhaps a little

propably want to concentrate on Germany through compositors
cover the topic for November 4th as an alternative. You will
cover the topic scheduled for October 18th through you way, if you wish,
we are covering. We had probably that you would speak about the
on West European studies. I am enclosing a list of topics
which Stanley Hoffmann and Laurence Wale and I have started
We would be most eager to have you speak at a seminar

My dear Professor Schenck:

Germany
Gelbefrakzeue 2
2 Koln-Jünterstr.
Zentralehrsgang Nr. Embtrieche Bestätiforechnung
Universität zu Köln
Professor Dr. E.K. Schenck

October 7, 1964

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

ROBERT R. BOWIE, Director
ALFRED INKELER
HENRY A. KISSINGER
EDWARD S. MASON
THOMAS C. SCHELLING
RAYMOND VERNON

6 DIVINITY AVENUE
CAMBRIDGE 38
MASSACHUSETTS

December 31, 1964

Professor Dr. Erwin Scheuch
Seminar für Soziologie
Wido-Fakultät
Universität Köln
Albertus Magnus Platz
Köln-Länderallee

Lieberr Herr Scheuch.

I have just had a long discussion with Henry Kissinger about our book. As he has submitted his opus to the publisher he will now devote more time to this project and I guess things are moving from now on. So far we have the contributions of Messrs Friedrich, Bracher, Epstein, and Vail.

You will remember that during our discussion in Cambridge about your contribution we agreed that the treatment of some problems in your paper depends on how some of the other authors have dealt with their subjects. In this respect it might be important for you to know that Drendorf is out. As he will not be participating there is less danger of duplicating work. Bracher's paper treats quite extensively the first of our running themes, the problem of continuity and change with regard to politics. In his conclusion he briefly deals with the search for a national identity. He has almost completely left out the third running theme, i.e. the question of what degree German developments are variations of a common theme in Western countries or specifics of Germany.

Henry Kissinger and I therefore thought it might be appropriate for you to pay particular attention to (-a) the last running theme and your subject lends itself particularly well to such a treatment, and (b) the search for national identity. This does not mean, of course, that you should leave out continuity and change, as a matter of fact it might be desirable to keep it as a central theme. We only wanted to inform you about the other contributions.

When can we expect a paper? We have scheduled a meeting to take place in Cambridge from March 15 - March 19, 1965. Is that date convenient for you? I should be obliged if you could drop me a short note about these two questions.

Everything is going well over here and I am very much enjoying my teaching and my appointment will probably be transformed into something more serious sometime in the future.

Please give my regards to Joyce and best wishes for 1965.