December 12, 1961

Mr. Aslam Siddiqi
92-A Sindhi Housing Society
Karachi 3, Pakistan

Dear Mr. Siddiqi:

As you undoubtedly know, I will
be in Pakistan at the kind invitation of
your Government at the end of January and
the beginning of February, for about a week.
I hope there will be an opportunity for us
to meet during that time.

At this point, I do not have my
exact schedule. I have been in a quandary
as to whateaddress in Pakistan to use as
a central coordinating point where friends
may reach me or make appointments to see me,
and I would be extremely grateful if you could
suggest something to them. I have written
up to this point to Khalil Ishaque, 9 Court
Chambers, Wadhmal Odharam Road, Karachi,,and
Ijaz Hussain, 4 Turner Road, Lahore,

I look forward to seeing you soon.

Kind regards.

92-A, Sindhi Muslim Housing Society,
Karachi-3.

December 19, 1961.

My dear Henry Kissinger Sabiḥ,

Happy X'mas:

Thank you very much for your letter of
December 12. I wanted to write to you earlier
but the position here is slightly fluid and there-
fore, I thought I should wait.

From Cambridge I wrote to the Secretary
Ministry of National Reconstruction and Information
and so the whole case was dealt with by this
Ministry. In the meantime, the Secretary of
this Ministry was transferred to the Ministry of
Defence. The Ministry of Defence is keen to
share your programme and have some engagements,
fixed for them. The Ministry of External Affairs
is also interested. From the way things are
developing your programme may become heavy. It
will be helpful to you if you make your preferences
very clear to the Ambassador.

In Karachi, most probably I will be your
contact man. But in addition, you may like to
make use of the facilities available with the
Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. This

p.. 2

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is a central place - *Strachan Road, Karachi-1*.
Mr. Latif Ahmad Sherwani, Telephone No. 52891,
will certainly be able to look after any private
arrangements and appointments you may like to
make.

I do not know Mr. Khalid Ishaque. He,
I learn, is a Government official and will have
certain limitations. It will be useful for you
to have a non-official contact man also.

In Karachi, I hope you will agree to
meet the participants of the Seminar and others
at a reception, which it is proposed to hold
in your honour.

For Lahore, Ijaz Husain should be
all right.

Henry A. Kissinger, Esq.,
6 Divinity Avenue,
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts.
(U.S.A.).

February 6, 1962.

My dear Henry,

I am enclosing a list of the important
persons you met during your stay in Pakistan. This,
I think will meet your requirements.

I enclose a bunch of clippings. Some
of them you may have received already. So far we
have not come across any comment in the Indian Press
about your speeches in Pakistan.

Reverberations of your visit still continue.
It has had considerable impact. But I am sure you
learnt more from your visit than you expected. I am
glad the whole thing went off well. U.S.I.S. shares this
view.

With my best regards to Mrs. Kissinger and
love to children.

Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger,
6 Divinity Avenue,
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts (U.S.A.).

February 26, 1962

Mr. Aslam Siddiqi
Dy. Principal Information Officer
92-A Sindhi Muslim Housing Society
Karachi 3, Pakistan

Dear Siddiqi:

Just after I had returned to this
country from Asia, I found that I had to go off
to Washington and Europe. This, therefore, is
the first opportunity I have had to write.

I would like to tell you how very
much I appreciated all of your many kindnesses
during my recent trip to Pakistan. Despite the
bad beginning, I found my visit very pleasant,
and have come away with many warm memories.
Many of these, I know, are due to your efforts,
and I am grateful.

With kind regards.

P.S. Many thanks for the list of people, and the clippings.

March 15, 1962.

My dear Henry A. Kissinger,

I am glad to find from your letter of February 26 that after about two months you consider your visit to Pakistan to be very pleasant and you have many warm memories. It was a great relief to find that things worked out well and even U.S.I.S. now feels happy about it. I do not know whether it is a proper question to ask you how far the fears of the American Embassy here were well or ill-founded. I hope you did not face any embarrassment.

The only comment that I came across later was in the "Times of India" which praised you for being firm and forthright in telling Pakistan the consequences of its approach to China. It was suggested that Pakistan is so deeply committed that it cannot alter its policy.

I hope you remember my son Asad who was present at the airport when you left for Paris. He had appeared in the test conducted by the College Entrance Examination Board in January. The result has been announced. He has obtained 406 marks in Verbal examination and 573 in Mathematics. He sat for the Written Sample test also of which I find they do not supply the grading. His Examination No. is 3,159,532. I shall be most grateful to know if there is a possibility of his getting some sort of stipend, grant or any other financial help to take up his studies in the United States. He has not yet discovered his own talent. He has done well in Mathematics. His Principal, however, once advised that he should concentrate on arts and should go in for law. Maybe he can discover his talent soon.

In English is his second language.

Aslam Siddiqi

I graduated in 1934. Later, I obtained from
the University of the Punjab the degrees of the Master
of Arts in Mathematics and Master of Arts in English.
I also obtained the diploma of Honours in Persian
(Munshi Fazil).

I know Persian and Urdu well and also Arabic.

In 1940, I started my career as a journalist.
I worked for the *Eastern Times*, *Nawa-i-Waqt* and the
*Shahbaz*. I wrote extensively in various journals and
newspapers. I contributed articles of permanent value
to the *Islamic Culture, Indo-Iranica* and the *Indian
Review*. After three years, I moved to Delhi as editor
of the *Orient Press of India, Ltd*. I also worked as
Delhi Correspondent of several newspapers including
*Morning News* and the *Meezan*. For a short interval,
I represented the *Et'Laat* (Tehran).

In 1944, I became the Chief Editor of the
*Orient Press of India Ltd.*

In 1945, I joined the Government of India. Later
I opted for Pakistan. In 1952, I went on a study tour

of....

of....

I obtained for Perlatan. In 1925, I went on a study tour
In 1942, I joined the Government of India. Later
Orient Press of India Ltd.

In 1944, I became the Chief Editor of the
I represented the East East (Tehran).

Morning News and the Mekran. For a short interval,
Delhi Correspondent of several newspapers including
of the Orient Press of India Ltd. I also worked as
Republi. After three years, I moved to Delhi as editor
to the Islamic Culture, Indo-India and the Indian
newspapers. I contributed articles of permanent value
Snapp. I wrote extensively in various journals and
I worked for the Eastern Times, News-I-News and the
In 1940, I started my career as a journalist.

I know Perlatan and Urdu well and also Arabic.
(Mumtaz Aziz).

I also obtained the diplomas of Honours in Perlatan
of Arts in Mathematics and Master of Arts in English.
the University of the Punjab the degree of the Master
I graduated in 1934. Later, I obtained from
Vafam Sigddi

Vafam Sigddi

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of the United States. On my return, I worked in
a capacity which demanded a close watch and study
of international developments from Pakistan view-
point. In due course I acquired Pakistan perspective
of world affairs. My book, Pakistan Seeks Security
is the result of about six years' study and thinking.
In 1961, I again visited the United States to attend
the Harvard University International Seminar. I am
writing another book which I hope to complete in
1962.

I am an active member of the Pakistan Institute
of International Affairs, Karachi.

of International Attairs, Karachi.

I am an active member of the Pakistan Institute
of International Attairs, Karachi.
1965.

Writing another book which I hope to complete in
the Harvard University International Seminar. I am
in 1961, I again visited the United States to attend
the result of about six years' study and thinking.
of world attires. My book, *Pakistani Attires Security
point*. In due course I acquired Pakistani perspective
of international developments from Pakistan view-
s capacity which demanded a close watch and study
of the United States. On my return, I worked in

[n]

IRPAGHAN

(IRan - PAKistan - AfGHanistan)

In my book Pakistan Seeks Security I have suggested that in the interest of regional security, Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan should join up. This unit has the resources, human and material, to stand its ground. This idea seems to exercise great fascination. The Shah of Iran has given it public support more than once. Pakistan has favourably reacted. Afghanistan is hesitant officially. Mr. Spain, however, points out that Afghanistan also likes the idea.

I plan to examine the possibilities of such a Union. My thesis is that the independence of a nation really consists in its ability to defend the frontiers and to take decisions freely. If it is so much subject to pressures that it cannot do so, then it is not, in fact, independent. In this sense, neither Iran, nor Afghanistan, nor Pakistan enjoy full independence. In combination they seem to have resources yet to be developed, which may help them do so.

There already exist trends to bring these countries closer together. Under CENTO arrangements, Iran and Pakistan are cooperating in various ways. There are major projects of closer cooperation in the fields of economics, industry and culture. Afghanistan and Pakistan relations are not so

and culture. Afghanistan and Pakistan relations are not so
efficient cooperation in the fields of economics, industry
are cooperating in various ways. There are major problems
closer together. Under CENTO arrangements, Iran and Pakistan
There already exist trends to bring these countries
them do so.

seem to have resources yet to be developed, which may help
not Pakistan enjoy full independence. In combination they
independent. In this sense, neither Iran, nor Afghanistan,
pressure that it cannot do so, then it is not, in fact,
to take decisions freely. If it is so much subject to
really conspire in its ability to defend the frontiers and
Union. My theory is that the independence of a nation
I plan to examine the possibilities of such a
the idea.

Mr. Spain, however, points out that Afghanistan also likes
has favourably reacted. Afghanistan is best at officially.
of Iran has given it public support more than once. Pakistan
This idea seems to exercise great imagination. The "plan
has the resources, human and material, to stand its ground.
Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan should join up. This unit
argued that in the interest of regional security,
In my book Pakistan seeks security. I have
( Iran - Pakistan - Afghanistan )

IRAN - PAKISTAN - AFGHANISTAN

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adequate armed forces and to equip them. This will lead to a study of industrial potential and economic development.

An independent state should be able to pursue its national objectives, political and cultural, and enter into alliances without being subjected to undue pressure. A reference to the neighbours will be made and the imbalance in power factors brought out, which has at times resulted in a sort of dictation to these countries.

Part I will be going out that the three countries have been subjected to pressures from time to time. The obligations and responsibilities of independence seem to be too large for them.

II In case of Iran, the story starts with the Anglo-Russian Agreement 1907, dividing the countries into spheres of influence. It will cover the entire period right up to 1962 and bring out almost the helplessness of Iran in preventing the Great Powers from forcing it one way or the other. It will mainly be a narration of events, emphasising that Iran has not the power to assert its independence in all circumstances.

III In case of Afghanistan, the story will start with the year 1747 when this kingdom was established. As the story progresses, its character as a buffer state will be emphasised. The British and Russian policies

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will be studied, pointing out the slight margin of
real independence. After 1947, the position has
radically changed. The gravitational pull of Moscow
is far too great. Already Soviet penetration has taken
place. On its own, Afghanistan has no resources to be
able to stand its ground.

IV Pakistan's story, I have already told in my
book, *Pakistan Seeks Security*. Ever since its birth in
1947, it has been subjected to pressures, It has been
able to consolidate its position substantially through
alignment with the West. Intrinsically, it has not
the resources to be free from jitters in the geographical
position it occupies.

Part II studies the various elements in order
to find out whether this union is strong enough to
assert complete independence.

V. Political geography is mainly a study of the
frontiers, internal physical geography and the lines of
communications. It will bring out that the Iranian
tableland is a natural fortress and can be defended with
less effort. The transitional character of this region
between the oceanic space and the land space of Central
Asia will be emphasised. The role of this region in the
fast shifting of centres of power in the world will be

that altering of centres of power in the world will be
 vital will be emulated. The role of this region in the
 between the oceanic space and the land space of Central
less effort. The transitional character of this region
 tafeland is a natural context and can be defended with
 communications. It will bring out that the Iranian
 frontiers, internal political geography and the lines of
 political geography is mainly a study of the

assert complete independence.

to find out whether this union is a strong enough to

## Part II studies the various elements in order

position it occupies.

the resources to be free from jitters in the geographical
alignment with the West. Intrinsically, it has not
able to consolidate its positionHENtentially through
1947, it has been subjected to pressures. It has been
book, Pakistan seeks security. Ever since its birth in
Pakistans story, I have already told in my
IV

able to stand its ground.

place. On its own, Afghanistan has no resources to be
is far too great. Already Soviet penetration has taken
radically changed. The gravitational pull of Moscow
real independence. After 1947, the position has
will be studied, pointing out the slight margin of

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discussed. The possibility of any recurrence of the
historical situations, will be examined.

VI. This chapter will bring out the homogeneity or
otherwise of the people in the region. Their common religious and cultural background will be emphasised. It will also deal with tribal groupings, divisions by vocation and general shifts in the distribution of population. The general level of education, economy and other factors which go to make the population will be described in detail.

In short, the chapter will deal with the human element in this region and its potentials.

VII. This chapter will set forth the economic resources of the region, their exploitation to-date and the future possibilities. It is a sort of economic geography. The object is to find out whether the defence commitments of this region can be met by the regional economic resources.

It will also deal with the advantages that pooling of resources and their combined exploitation confers on all the states. This chapter will examine whether the region can prove a good economic unit.

Part II will deal with the clash of ideologies
and the sympathies of this region, with certain ideals.

VIII. Outer forces will bring out the nature of pressures
to which each one of the states is exposed. It will trace
the Soviet expansion in Central Asia at the expanse of

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of Muslims and also point out Soviet interest in finding
an outlet to the sea. It will be explained that each of
these states is subject to the same danger and challenge.
Expansionism of communism and possibly of Hinduism will be
discussed. With common policies, the three states may be
able to hold their own in a restricted sense.

IX **IRPAGHAN** will consider the Union as a unit.

It will bring out that this unit has all the elements of power, economics, and ideology, which go to make a viable state. Various power factors including geostrategy, natural terrain, lines of communications be discussed to find out how strong the Unit actually can be. Economic factors will be discussed to bring out how far they can equip and support adequate armed forces. Last of all is ideology which alone can give the people vision and faith to inspire them to greater effort in self-defence.

inability them to greater effort in self-defence.

ideology which alone can give the people vision and strength to
endure and support adequate armed forces. But of all its
factors will be dissuaded to bring out how far they can
bring out how strong the Unit actually can be. Economic
natural terrain, lines of communications be dissuaded to
state. Various power factors including geoestrategy,
of power, economics, and ideology, which go to make a viable
It will bring out that this unit has all the elements
IX IRAGHAN will consider the Union as a unit.

dissuaded. With common policies, the three states may be
exhaustionism of communism and hegemony of Hinduism will be
these states is subject to the same danger and challenge.
an outlet to the sea. It will be explained that each of
of Malaya and also point out Soviet interest in landing

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