Kissinger says loans to Russia should
be linked to its foreign policy conduct

STOCKHOLM (AP)—The Western industrialized countries should adopt a uniform code of lending related to the foreign policy conduct of the Soviet Union, instead of contributing to Soviet expansionism in Africa and elsewhere, Henry Kissinger said here Monday.

The former U.S. Secretary of State said Western loans to Cuba helped that country intervene militarily in Africa.

The OECD should draw up simple guidelines how to give loans to countries in relation to their foreign political conduct, said Kissinger, who was here as chairman of the Chase Manhattan Bank's International Advisory Committee.

Leaders of international finance and industry among the 25 committee members from 14 nations included former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Douglas Dillon, Henry Ford II, Fiat president Giovanni Agnelli of Italy and Mitsubishi Corporation chairman Chujiro Fujino of Japan.

"The apparently well organized attack on the Shaba Province of Zaire managed to hurt the economy there badly," Kissinger said at a news conference. "It is now the West's task to see to it that the Europeans can return so that Zaire's economy can become viable again. The initiative for a pan-African force is a wise one and I am glad the U.S. gives technical and economic assistance to it."

"French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing should be commended for his forceful and courageous action in Zaire to stop Soviet-engineered intervention," Kissinger added.

need of less expensive farm products which can be obtained from other agricultural nations.

No one can deny that the Japanese consumers have been looking for cheap farm products from other nations but that they have been deprived of such goods by particular groups or politicians who are supported by farm votes in their local constituencies.

There must be countermeasures to protect domestic agriculture other than by placing temporizing and retrogressive controls on imports.

If our Government continues to stick to a protectionist policy, its foreign counterparts will place a total ban on Japanese industrial goods sooner or later in retaliation for the one-sided trade controls being strengthened by the Japanese.

This will lead to a decrease in Japanese exports and, I am sure, will be tantamoun to digging Japan's own grave.

Kunihiko Kikukawa

Nishinomiya City
Hyogo Pref.

(Asahi Shimbun)

yeast

5. Raven's note

8. Governing principle

11. Pita

12. Calcium phosphate

14. Confound

15. Seed vessels

16. Obligation

18. Fissure

19. Scottish cushion

20. Selected

24. Sole

25. Midst

26. Settle

31. Anything high flown

32. English novelist

33. Eccentric piece

34. Capital

37. Refuse

39. Summons

43. Cauchos

45. Tape

46. Portuguese tune

47. Equivalence

48. Animal's stomach

49. Contest

works of the United States, and most of the other communications organizations of the world. John Kenneth Galbraith has tried to explain why this is so in his foreword to Ruth Leger Sivard's summary of the problem:

> "There can be few more seemingly unequal political contests in the world," Galbraith said, "than those over military spending, its claims against social needs. On the one side, powerful military bureaucracies, influential and richly financed weapons industries, their lobbies, their captive legislators, those for whom paranoia or past wars are a way of life. On the other side, only reason, the will to survive and the inarticulate poor.

But ironically, just at the point where things became excessively complicated and we needed political leaders who could reduce all this diversity and confusion to some kind of identity the people could understand, the men of words seem to have disappeared from the political world.

Roosevelt, Churchill, and De Gaulle could address their peoples in words that could move events, but in the West today, even on the great issue of arms control, Carter, Cal laghan, Giscard and Schmidt cannot match them. And this decline of eloquence is clearly evident in the United Nations disarmament debate here these days.

will increase rather than decrease the trade deficit of the United States.

Regarding domestic problems, the effect on the prices of dairy products is a matter for concern. Many farmers are both rice and dairy farmers and if they are unable to earn enough from the dairy side of their business, they may seek higher prices for their rice in compensation.

The introduction of more foreign beef will affect the efficient transfer of resources and will have an influence, not only on the 420,000 farming families raising beef cattle, but also on the 180,-000 raising pigs, 10,000 raising chickens, 140,000 dairy farming families and even on the 4,000,000 farming families growing rice.

In the first place, it is wrong to place emphasis solely on the high standard of living resulting from free trade; the principal problem is to give consideration to stabilizing the prices of commodities which are affected by any new measure taken and to the various other economic effects.

Since the economic benefits resulting from free trade will be cancelled from the appearance of poor economic results in other fields and since the changes which will have to be made with respect to such things as land

What would have happened if, at that time, Prime Minister Takeo Miki had been tricked and had issued instructions to bypass the arrest of the secretary-general? Even if he had learned later that the one who had made the telephone call was a bogus prosecutor-general, an ineradicable stain would have been placed on Miki's political life. The anti-Miki feelings would have become stronger, and the political situation would have changed suddenly.

The fact that the one who tried to carry out such a detailed plot amid the Lockheed payoff scandal was an incumbent assistant judge is frightening. While recognizing Kito's extraordinary ability, the Shibuya Summary Court judge stated flatly, "It is very clear that the defendant made the bogus call. All his arguments of not guilty have no grounds." Those who overestimate their own abilities are eventually overwhelmed by such abilities.

The fact that the telephone played the main role in the case is also frightening. Our daily lives can no longer be considered without the telephone, but on the other hand, crimes utilizing telephones are increasing rapidly.

Prank telephone calls warning of a bombing immediately inconvenience tens of thousand people, and the telephone is also used in kidnapings. Prank calls, threatening calls and high-pressure sales calls force themselves into office and homes without hesitation.

Is there no good idea for preventing such calls? For instance, there is the small facsimile which is presently being developed for home use. The caller sends something that is written on a special paper. If the receiver can be set up so that the copy received will carry the telephone number of the caller, it should be possible to prevent threatening calls to a certain extent.

When we questioned the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation on this matter, the reply was that they are presently carrying out research on a "double number system." Each telephone would have two telephone numbers. One would be made public, but the other would be known only to very close friends. All the calls made to the public number would be recorded on tape, and the telephone owner could select the calls he wanted to answer. If the double number system had been in effect at the time, Miki would doubtless have been able to see through the plot immediately.

## Editorial Digest

### On ethnic Chinese in Vietnam

HONGKONG (AP)—The Hongkong Chinese Communist newspaper *Ta Kung Pao*, in an editorial on the Vietnamese army newspaper Quan Doi Nhan Dan's charges that the Hongkong's Communist newspapers are fabricating the plights of ethnic Chinese in Vietnam, said:

> "Obviously, Vietnam (the Vietnamese army newspaper), unlike the Soviet Union and Cuba, has no courage to accuse Peking directly...

> "In the past few decades the Chinese people had fully supported the Vietnamese people's wars against France and America. The Chinese press had devoted large space in reporting the Vietnamese

people's heroic actions and success.

> "However, in the past few years, many (Vietnamese) people under the influence of the Soviet Union have changed their attitude toward China from gratefulness to hatred.

> "Reports from Peking recently said the number of overseas Chinese forced by Vietnam to return to China has exceeded 100,000...

> "We want to tell the Vietnamese authorities that as a newspaper which is concerned about our fatherland and our people, we have the duty to let the world know the plights of Chinese in Vietnam. We have the duty to report that are being persecuted."

### Carter's warning to Moscow

NEW YORK (Reuter)— President Carter, in warning Moscow of the risks and costs of its African involvement, is making the proper response to Soviet and Cuban intrusions in that continent, *The New York Times* said.

> "We believe, with Mr. Carter, that the Soviet and Cu-

ing East-West relations at a delicate moment in arms control negotiations," it added.

> "Portraying the risks and cost to Moscow is the proper first response. Guiding Africans to a measured response is also appropriate.

> "Anticipating even more bitter strife in Rhodesia is certainly necessary," the

a plus figure. The nations of the Indian subcontinent are pulling away from Moscow, or which the Soviet success in Afghanistan alone likely will not compensate entirely. The retreat of Soviet influence in the Middle East also continues.

With the changes in the areas of confrontation, the U.S. has chosen the path of moving in step with China as means of dealing with the Soviet Union. This strikes me as acceptable. Again, the Carter Administration, hobbled by legislation restricting the war powers of the presidency, as cast a friendly eye at Iran, giving that country indirect support in the organization of defense in Africa in which it is taking the lead.

Nevertheless, I think there is something which has been forgotten in all this. Should not the U.S. take a serious initiative in strengthening the United Nations? The Security Council, now like a store that its open but does no business, must lose no time in getting back to its original role of maintaining the peace of the world. In the amending of the U.N. Charter, the U.S. must speak out now for admission of the principal nations of Europe, Asia or the Third World as permanent members in the expansion of the Security Council. At the very least, I believe that making Africa a "second Vietnam" is something which must be averted,

in walls and gravestones would topple, but the damage in Sendai City, which was hit by an intensity five earthquake, was of another order entirely. There were many reasons for the casualties totalling some 700 dead and injured. We feel that the brittleness of modern cities has been laid bare.

Most tragic was the collapse of concrete block walls. Children and old people, who had sidled up to these walls thinking they were safe, were crushed as the blocks toppled over on them. About half of those who died were killed in this manner.

We learned that water, power and gas are immediately cut off. Telephone lines are cut. Elevators stop. No water comes from the faucet. It turns pitch black. The traffic network is cut to pieces. Gas can no longer be used. And these conditions continue.

News that cracks appeared in huge oil tanks, which should have been earthquake-resistant, and that heavy oil leaked out was shocking. The Miyagi Earthquake taught us that many things which "should be safe" are actually not safe at all.

It was four years ago that Kozo Kimura, former chief of the Earthquake Section of the Meteorological Agency, fled from Tokyo to the Sanriku beach in Iwate Prefecture, partly to protest Government negligence in anti-earthquake measures. When we telephoned Kimura, he said, "What is frightening about earthquakes in a big city is that energy sources such as power and water are cut off immediately. No one is seriously studying how to prevent power and water supplies being cut off."

He went on, "It is just coincidental, but the relationship between the epicenter off Kinkazan and Sendai City is similar to the relationship between a big Tokai earthquake, which will probably have Suruga Bay as its epicenter, and Tokyo. It is as if the gods were teaching us what it might be like in Tokyo."

In connection with the Tokai earthquake, Prof. Toshi Asada of Tokyo University says, "It could happen at any time."

## Editorial Digest

### Soviet military exercises

**HONGKONG (AP) — The South China Morning Post on**
**Soviet amphibious exercises:**

"Apprehension is felt by Japan, China and the United States not just over the dimensions of the exercise but the locality — the maneuvers taking place on or near one of the four islands seized from Japan at the end of World War II. The intentions of the Soviet Union could not be clearer—to exert pressure on what may be described as Japan's back door.

"The exercise, which has been going on for a month, is obviously designed to kill several birds with one stone.

"First, Japan had been expected to sign a peace treaty with China but held back when Peking insisted on the inclusion of an anti-hegemony clause for fear of offending Moscow.

"Following constant producing from Peking and lately an expression by President Jimmy Carter that Americans would like to see the treaty

signed, Japan had finally come round to agreeing to the pact. This has angered the Soviet Union and the maneuvers may therefore be designed to exert pressure to sabotage the signing.

"In recent months, there are increasing signs of both the United States and China coming to agreement on a number of issues in various strategic areas. This was characterized by Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski's declaration that the United States and China have parallel interests...

"Hence, an alliance of the United States, China and Japan, described by the American envoy to Japan, Mr. Mike Mansfield, as the Asian NATO, cannot entirely be ruled out. If this does materialize, the Kremlin can be expected to do everything to frustrate it.

"The current maneuvers, demonstrating Soviet might, could therefore be designed to discourage any such thinking..."

### On Rhodesia's guerrilla war

**NEW YORK (Reuters)—In its lead editorial, The New York Times called upon the**
**Government of Rhodesia to end the guerrilla war by adhering to the Anglo-American settlement plan.**

The struggle "between civilization and the red tide" is not what is at stake. "The issue remains what it has been since Mr. Smith declared independence from Britain in 1965: how to give real political power to Rhodesia's black majority.

"Mr. Smith, himself,

as he would wish, by calling in Western or South African help, but by accepting the Anglo-American settlement plan that has been on the table for nearly a year." It should be realized that the conflict is "between black majorities and ruling white minorities."

In another editorial the Times said that Anwar Sadat's "political crackdown may prove counterproductive. If the Egyptian leader seeks to demonstrate that he is still in

dience

## G THE WORLD

flowers in the sections that had been leveled by bulldozers. They talked with policemen and representatives of the power company.

All the entrants, one-third of whom were women, were arrested 24 hours later. They were all led away unresting and cheerful. There was no charged atmosphere,

"I escaped arrest because I was in one of the groups off the site," Aki recalls. "I had come with people I had met in America.

"There were not enough police vans for the prisoners, so school buses supplemented them. Since the local jail was too small, some of the prisoners were detained in the local gymnastics hall.

"The large number of the prisoners involved slowed down their trial to a snail's pace. It was only late last year that 64 of them drew sentences, some suspended, to prison terms from two to six months.

"The construction of the Seabrook plant started in earnest in June 1977, following formal approval by the Federal Government.

"Yet Seabrook has become

Pompidou for him to feel that the country had given him a new mandate at the age of 78. He dropped Pompidou and was soon bitterly quarreling with him. Pompidou had in a few unwary words in Rome hinted that he would eventually be available to take over from the old man.

Without apparently consciously intending to commit political suicide, De Gaulle fashioned himself a referendum of baffling intricacy on administrative decentralization. With his usual "me-or-chaos" warcry, he went into battle one last time — and the voters chose chaos in the comfortable form of Pompidou.

By then the atmosphere around De Gaulle had become more like Timon of Athens than As You Like It. He was a great curser and he cursed everything in sight. He cursed the Americans, the British, the French political party leaders — but most of all he cursed the French themselves.

### 'Incapable of discipline'

"This country is incapable of discipline," he said. "I have raised it to its present level. After me it will fall back into chaos and decadence." And again: "What more can I do? I have tried to pull France out of the mire and she returns to her squalid ways and her vomit. I can't prevent the French from being French. A country doesn't escape from its demons. The French are ungovernable."

When he resigned and returned to Colombey at the end of April 1969 it was for the last time. He had only 18 months to live. Gaullism was getting on very well without him, and he gave it a formal but frosty blessing. He refused to see Pompidou or any of his former Ministers who had taken office in the new Government. "He is not very sad," said his closest companion the writer Andre Malraux. "But even so, he is as sad as a man whose wife has taken to sleeping with the servants."

If that was all there was to be said about the De Gaulle career few people would bother to take the road to Colombey. But in those 11 years De Gaulle gave France a new sense of purpose. He devised a Constitution that, though its flaws are now showing, has lasted 20 years and provided the political stability essential for a great economic and industrial resurgence.

It took De Gaulle four years to end the Algerian war and he did it with a reliance on ruse—a weapon that he had always insisted was essential to the statesman's armory — which sometimes looked like sharp practice. But when he took over no one had any idea how it could be done

another university, and intimidating them as well. The situation seems incorrigible. The head and deputy head of the cheering squad and members of the Sumeragijuku (one of the student's clubs), who are called the "karasu-gundan" (crow corps), were arrested. Violence at Kokushikan University was taken up as a problem five years ago, and a modernization committee was established. But the character of the university has not changed at all. "What? Again?" is our feeling.

In the last two years there have been 66 incidents after which students were punished. There have been many violent crimes, including armed robbery and assault and battery resulting in injuries, as well as pocket-picking and pilfering. According to the School Education Law, the purpose of universities is "to dispense knowledge as the nucleus of learning," and, as things are going, it can't be helped if Kokushikan University is criticized for being a hotbed of violence.

Suspicions that the president of the university, Bonten Shibata, had obtained his doctorate in economics in an improper manner have been voiced, and the matter was debated in the Diet. The problems of back-door entry and back-door graduation were also taken up. If the moral will of the university leaders is paralyzed, there must be adverse effects on the students.

It is not easy to change the character of this university where dishonesty and violence are rampant. But unless improvements are made, the great majority of the students will continue to be inconvenienced by the actions of a few.

The problem is not restricted to Kokushikan University, and we should not overlook the fact that violence in schools and universities is often collective. Much of the violence is perpetrated by groups of students who wear school uniforms, such as cheering squads and kenpo clubs. Students who belong to a group go along with the will of that group as if they had abandoned their moral judgment. Violence designed to instill "fighting spirit" comes naturally in such groups.

University education, which should "nurture intellectual, moral and practical abilities," has deteriorated in Kokushikan University and now nurtures brutal, immoral and violent abilities,

## Editorial Digest

### On U.S.-China relations

HONGKONG (AP)—The English-language newspaper *Star*, in an editorial on normalization of U.S.-China relations, said:

"Reports appearing almost simultaneously in newspapers in Tokyo and Taipei link the speedup in the normalization schedule to the trip last month to Peking of President Carter's national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski,

"The Tokyo report gave January as the target date.

"The Taipei report said the date would be February as by second month of 1979. The dust of the November elections will have settled and other unrelated, important bills will have had an adequate amount of time to be passed by Congress.

"China's conditions for establishing full relations with the United States always have hinged on a break in U.S. diplomatic relations with Tai-

wan, denunciation of the U.S.-Taiwan security treaty and withdrawal of American troops and military installations from the Nationalist island,

"In return, the U.S. wanted an assurance that China would not seek to take Taiwan by force.

"Obviously, Mr. Brzezinski's trip resulted in definite concessions and assurances including an apparent realization that the U.S. could not stick by its demand about Taiwan as China repeatedly had maintained that this was an internal Chinese affair and that China never would be told how it should be solved.

"One thing does seem certain: normalization of Sino-U.S. relations have moved a step closer.

"And that step is unlikely to please Russians at a time of rickety efforts to establish détente between Moscow and Washington."

### Cuban involvement in Africa

LONDON (AP)—The Financial Times on Cuban involvement in Africa:

indefinitely with Soviet-Cuban mischief-making. It will not make the Cubans go home.

Royal Pretender the Comte de Paris—by the Capetian Kings, and he had a great contempt for the democratic process. While he was tailoring the French State to fit his outsize measurements, democrats were so alarmed by what he might do that they sometimes hit out too fiercely at what he did. For instance, the idea of electing a President by universal suffrage hardly merited the indignation that was put into opposing it.

Now that he is safely out of the way there has been some reassessment. Opponents have warmed to him (he has become a Communist hero) while the pure doctrine of Gaullism has had to be transposed into a generalized patriotism to retain its appeal.

## Perplexed about future

Though no man was more self-assured the General was a great deal more perplexed about his future course than he allowed to appear. He was apt to bombard his immediate circle with contradictory views about the same subject delivered in an even tone of certainty. Only when he had made his policy public did he consider it infallible: he admitted, defeats, but never errors.

He was nowhere more divided than in his attitude to what would follow him. He wanted to establish a constitution that would last and inspire followers who would keep France strong. But he had too high an opinion of his own stature to think that anyone could carry on his work in his absence. He believed in the incorrigible mediocrity of the French character salvaged in extremis by the eternal return of the French hero.

"In hours of difficulty France has always found the men she needs," he declared.

What he could not see, what his whole onslaught on the French character was intended to prevent him from having to face, was that it was quite as sure an instinct that led France to drop these providential men once the danger was passed. He had only understood the part of France that comes to the fore in a time of emergency.

France recovered; his ideas lost their magic. He had readily accepted that his lease of power would be short-lived, but he never doubted the immortality of his mission. The French had turned their back on him because they were "clogs": he could find no other explanation that accounted for his shunned superiority.

The remarkable aspect of his career was that he was needed twice. When the third call comes a different country road will be daubed with patriotic emblems and lined with cheering faces. No doubt the new savior will be human enough to think himself superhuman. One prays that he will also have his predecessor's built-in restraints.

(Concluded)

Institutions which depend on the will of the people are not so free as those in related organizations—there is no end to the evils of gambling. If so, it is not wise to increase the seeds of evil. Rather we should put our minds to work on eliminating the various evils arising from existing facilities.

The Japanese become too engrossed in gambling. We understand that in America people say, "Don't spend the second most important money in your life on gambling. Spend only the money which is fifth in importance." Japanese tend to spend their second most important money. At the end of the Taisho Era (1912-26), a book with the title, "Research on Gambling and Pickpocketing," was published. It was written by Takeshi Osatake of the Supreme Court.

In the book Osatake wrote: "By nature, the Japanese are lacking in philosophical and scientific thinking. Rather than doing something after careful consideration or methodically, the Japanese prefer to play for all or nothing. This became the Edokko (Tokyoite) spirit of "never save until tomorrow what you can spend today."

We do not believe that the Osatake theory is completely correct, but there are aspects of the Japanese character to which it applies. Just listen to the conversations around you when you eat at a restaurant where company workers are having lunch. Most of the talk is about the mahjong party the night before, or horse races, or golf. At one time there was a theory that gambling would ruin the nation. Although the nation has not been ruined, it is certain that the poisoning of the country has advanced considerably.

There is no need whatsoever to accelerate this poisoning. Forty percent of those who gave answers in the public opinion poll have accurately grasped this point. People are in sad straits when they say gambling is their only joy in life. Gambling should be fifth in priority. There is a need to consider new ideas for life's second, third and fourth priorities.

## Editorial Digest

### Carter's Annapolis speech

WASHINGTON (AP) — The Washington Star on U.S. President Jimmy Carter's speech:

"The basic theme of the Annapolis address, we take it, is that it is still up to the Soviet Union to fashion the relationship it wants with this country, and with the free world.

"A civilized, cooperative and conciliatory approach will be reciprocated; a suspicious, pushy and meddlesome one will meet with firm resistance.

"In your hands and not in

mine, Mr. Carter might have said, paraphrasing Lincoln's first inaugural, is the momentous issue of (cold) war. We do not, in so gathering, overlook the obvious: that the U.S.-Soviet relationship is made of mutual gestures and interlocking responses; is both dynamic and two-sided.

"Yet what Mr. Carter said at Annapolis is about all that any American president of the postwar period has found it possible to say, in general, about the U.S.-Soviet relationship. We will hope for the best but prepare for the worst."

## The 4:05 A.M. Beef Soup Hungarian Style

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