APR 02 2001

Mrs. Phyllis Stein
2 Sheldrake Circle
Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418

Dear Henry Kessinger

On June 15, 2001, our parents will be celebrating their 60th wedding anniversary. We are trying to make this a very special occasion. My parents, Eli and Norma Stein were married in Philadelphia, PA after the start of WW II. Eli served in the Army in North Africa and Italy and did not get to see his first son until he was 2 years old. Eli worked hard in the restaurant equipment business his whole life. Now in his retirement he volunteers at our local Veterans Hospital. Norma was a mother who helped assure her children would go to college and graduate schools. She had been a talented sculptress until arthritis prevented her from continuing her work. Together, they have raised 3 talented children, who have provided them with 6 special grandchildren.

Our family would like to surprise them with a very special book of memories of the many people they admired through the years. We know that they have greatly appreciated your talents, and we would greatly appreciate anything you could contribute for this special occasion. A letter, note, signed picture, or message of congratulations would be appreciated.

Please address your correspondence to Eli and Norma and mail it to The Stein Family, at 2 Sheldrake Circle, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418

With our sincere appreciation,

GEORGE STEINBRENNER ¶

¶

We've definitely learned a lot about ourselves and each other in the past two
months – but I didn't need a terrorist attack to tell me how tough New Yorkers are. ¶

I learned that lesson a long time ago, long before we began hanging more
championship banners at Yankee Stadium. Long before I came to New York, even. ¶

My first exposure to New York's legendary grit came during my college years at
Williams College – in Massachusetts. ¶

I was a Midwestern boy, from Bay Village, Ohio, who went to Culver Military
Academy in Indiana and wore military uniforms from the time I was 12 years old. As I
think back to the years in college, it really was my first connection with New York guys
to any degree. ¶

I was very impressed with how they carried themselves. There was something in
them that made them different in my eyes. At times, I was a little overwhelmed with
them. They had such confidence about them. At times it seemed that there was something
a little bit bigger than life about the guys who came from New York. They seemed to
know exactly what they wanted and how to go about getting it. ¶

Some years later, I got my first big lesson in what really makes New York a
special place. I was a minor partner in the production of a Broadway show with a man
who became, and still is today, one of the closest friends and partners that I've had. I
remember Jimmy Nederlander telling me way back then, "New York is a star vehicle
town, they worship their stars." ¶

In 1970 he produced "Applause," with the wonderful Lauren Bacall in the starring
role. It won the Tony Award for the Best Musical, and of course Ms. Bacall was a
legendary star that got a Tony for Best Actress in a Musical. The runner-up that same
year was "Coco," and the star of that show was the great Katherine Hepburn. (So what
Nederlander told me upon my introduction to the New York scene, certainly held true.) ¶

From then on, the other lessons about New York, I learned on my own during 30
years as the principal owner of the most successful franchise team in sports history. ¶

I understand people better today than I did 30 years ago, and I've really grown to
understand this city. ¶

That's why I want the Yankees to represent New York and the people of New
York. I won't say that we will always be able to win, no one can guarantee that. But you
can guarantee that we have a mentally tough team that will battle, and who will never
stop battling. It was so very important to me that we deliver this year for New York. I
think that the people must admit that we battled this year, and showed them a "mental
toughness" that I am very proud of. ¶

New Yorkers, and I've said it from day one, are "mentally tough," they are a
group of battlers. You still fight for the cab, I don't care who you are, your hand is up and
you are battling for that taxi; that always impresses me. ¶

I've tried to instill in my ball club one important thought, "Winning may not be
the most important thing, but it is sure as hell is second to breathing." ¶

I love New York, although I am really a New Yorker by proxy, living in
Cleveland and Tampa, Florida. ¶

If you don't appreciate New Yorkers for what they represent, then you really
don't understand a hell of a lot about life. It's just like the great Sinatra says in his song

IRWIN M. STELZER

NOV 16 2001

Dr Henry Kissinger
350 Park Avenue
26th Floor
New York
NY 10022

November 12, 2001

Dear Henry,

You may recall that we have met at several of Rupert
Murdoch's functions, among other places. So I thought I might
presume on our very casual acquaintance by commending to you a
friend, Andrew Roberts.

Andrew, who was our dinner guest in London a few nights ago,
told us that there is some possibility that he might be selected to write
a biography of you, with your cooperation. I do hope that project
comes off, as (1) the world awaits such a work; and (2) there is no
one better than Andrew to write it.

For one thing, Andrew is, as Lady Thatcher might say, "one of
us" - his world view is similar to your own. Second, he is a first class
historian and biographer, as any reader of his books will know.
Finally, he is a brilliant writer, combining fine scholarship with
accessible prose.

I am taking this opportunity to enclose a brief pamphlet I
prepared for the Hudson Institute; it benefits from your latest book, to
which I refer in a few places.

I hope this letter finds you well.

Thursday, October 25, 2001

PIONEER PRESS

# Skokie friend recalls Kissinger as a youth

By KATHY ROUTLIFFE
STAFF WRITER

Millions know of Henry Kissinger the globe-trotting diplomat and presidential advisor, whose policy recommendations made him a darling of some political observers and a villain for others.

More know him currently as a media pundit, while others remember his past as the unlikely date of stars like Barbra Streisand.

But Skokie resident Paul Stiefel remembers a serious-minded, studious high school student from a religious family, whose physical frailty made it difficult for him to take part in the soccer that he loved.

Until Monday, Stiefel expected a chance to see his old friend during a Kissinger speaking engagement at Niles West High School. Financial problems on the part of the sponsoring company forced Kissinger to cancel, but Stiefel still has vivid memories of his childhood chum.

"We used to beat up on each other, like boys do," Stiefel said Monday. "He was a very frail little guy, and he wasn't able to compete at anything that took strength, but he made up for all his physical frailness with his mind."

"I would say he was among the top five students in the class — not the top student, but among the top five," Stiefel said.

"Any deficiencies he had, he made up for with his mind. He didn't need protection."

Shortly before both boys and their families escaped Nazi Germany, Henry Kissinger (far left) and Paul Stiefel (far right) posed with members of their graduating class. Stiefel, a long-time Skokie resident, has maintained connections with his childhood classmate.

Staying safe was a priority for the two boys and their families. Raised in the city of Furth, near Nuremburg, Stiefel came to the Israelitische Realschule from a general high school, after Hitler expelled Jewish students and directed them to segregated Jewish schools.

He stayed at the school between 1936 and 1938 and it is where he met Kissinger, whose father taught Stiefel's sister in a nearby girls' school.

"Our problems were to try to keep our heads above water, to keep together and help each other. We didn't know if we'd get out of Germany. We left that up to our

parents," Stiefel said.

While adults worried about their families' fates, the boys devoted their non-study time to an after-school sports club. Kissinger may not have been good at soccer, but he was as enthusiastic a member as anyone else, Stiefel said.

His real strengths were inside the classroom. Stiefel joked, "I like to say he copied his lessons from me, but the truth of it is that I probably copied from him. He was a very nice guy."

Their two families were able to leave Furth, and Germany, shortly after the boys graduated in 1938. They graduated a year earlier than they normally would, Stiefel said, "because Hitler wanted to get boys into the army, and the early graduation included us, too."

Kissinger's family emigrated to New York, while Stiefel's moved to Green Bay Wis. where relatives awaited. Before they parted, however, the two promised to stay in touch as much as possible.

It became difficult, as Kissinger's life centered around his east coast life while Stiefel eventually moved to Chicago in 1941. But they continued to exchange letters.

That year, Stiefel knew his friend had become a political scientist and, as the years went on, a Harvard professor whose views were sought by many, including President Lyndon Johnson.

(Continued on page 9)

Paul Stiefel (left) of Skokie was a boyhood friend of former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. This picture was taken when the two met at Chicago's O'Hare Airport in 1966. Kissinger was a security advisor to President Lyndon Johnson at the time.

Stiefel

*Continued from page 8*

"To be honest with you, I could see some ability in him. The way he got into government was that he befriended (former New York governor Nelson) Rockefeller. Rockefeller advanced him up the ladder, realizing the man was brilliant.

"He didn't just do it on his looks."

As Kissinger's place on the world stage grew larger, chances to see his old friends grew steadily fewer. But he found time when he could. For instance, he saw Stiefel in 1966 at O'Hare and gain during the 1970s, when Kissinger had become Secretary of State under then President Richard Nixon.

It was then that Kissinger displayed the charm that many people claimed was one of his most important diplomatic tools.

"I met with him at the University of Illinois once. He was kind enough to meet with my wife and my sister. He and his entourage came, and he sent the entourage out into another room. Then he charmed my wife, who he didn't know, and my sister, who he did," Stiefel said.

"He charmed the two women to the extent that I

was superfluous."

He also shows flashes of understated humor, Stiefel said. When Stiefel sent him a playbill of a recent play about Nixon, and noted Kissinger's arrival age in America was incorrect, Kissinger wrote to say if that was the only thing the play had wrong about him, he "got off lucky."

Stiefel, who calls himself a conservative independent politically, said he and Kissinger have not always agreed on issues. He remembered one argument they had over the fate of the British pound, one which Kissinger won when the pound dropped in value a few weeks later.

He'd like to talk over other issues, now that both he and Kissinger have retired, Stiefel said.

That may have to wait until his friend's still-busy schedule cools off a bit, but Stiefel was optimistic.

"In the very beginning, at the time when he was national security adviser, I said, 'Henry, you're getting up in the world. Are you going to forget about your friends?' He said, 'Paul, I will never forget about my friends, not with all we've been through together.'"

Thursday, October 25, 2001

SKOKIE REVIEW

3

Your
Local
# NEWS

# Kissinger cancel not due to security

By **MIKE ISAACS**
STAFF WRITER

With little more than 24 hours before former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger was to appear at Niles West High School Tuesday, the sponsors of the event got word he had cancelled his presentation.

Kissinger didn't appear because Chicago Celebrity Forum, which runs a series of lectures at the high school, failed to pay his fee, said his agent Don Walker.

But that wasn't the story from Chicago Celebrity Forum, which late Monday cited "security reasons" for canceling the appearance. Kissinger was to have met with reporters and selected District 219 students prior to speaking before paid ticket holders.

Forum spokeswoman Penny Beatty said Celebrity Forum notified her Monday that security concerns forced halting the event. But there turned out to be another explanation, Beatty said.

"It was a misrepresentation to us. We provided this information to the media Monday, which turned out to be untrue. That is not how we do our business here, and we can only apologize for this misrepresentation."

In trying to verify the information, Lindstrom Beatty Communications Inc. learned the truth, which is that the series has some major financial

problems.

The firm has severed its relationship with Chicago Celebrity Forum as have some sponsors including American Airlines and the Doubletree Hotel, Beatty said Tuesday.

Sanders could not be reached for comment. Her voice mailbox was filled to capacity Tuesday morning. On Wednesday, her phone line played a recorded announcement telling callers tickets would be exchanged or refunded, and that ticket holders would get a letter of explanation.

## Defamatory

"I was absolutely dumbfounded when I heard it was being said that Dr. Kissinger was not coming because of security reasons," Walker said. "That's not only untrue but it's defamatory. Dr. Kissinger has been traveling all over, and he was ready to get on a plane and meet his obligation."

The agency gave Chicago Celebrity Forum every opportunity to pay Kissinger, he said.

"They kept missing dates again and again and we kept giving extention after extention," he said. "We were assured that the money would be coming. When it became clear that the money was not going to come forward before the event, we had no choice but to cancel at the 11th hour."

Walker said Kissinger has been paid only a small percentage of what he was owed. The remainder of his money was due before the event, he said.

It is the first time in 25 years that Kissinger had to cancel an event because of a breach of a financial commitment, Walker said.

Kissinger was to be the second of eight speakers in the Chicago Celebrity Forum series scheduled at Niles West High School during this school year.

It was unclear Tuesday whether the series will continue. When asked about future series dates, Beatty declined to comment.

Kissinger has been in demand by the media recently as a pundit regarding the U.S. war on terrorism.

A District 219 spokesman late Tuesday morning said the district was still under the belief Kissinger's cancellation was due to security reasons. The assistant principals of both schools had been contacted by Chicago Celebrity Forum and told Kissinger was not coming because of security reasons and what is happening in the world, the spokesman said. The district was told the real reason is due to financial problems by the public relations firm.

Advanced placement history students from both Niles West and Niles North, who were scheduled to meet with Kissinger, were notified Kissinger would

*(Continued on page 9)*

MARTHA STEWART
CHAIRMAN
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

MARTHA
STEWART

Living
OMNIMEDIA

APR 19 2001

April 17, 2001

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Kissinger Associates, Inc.
350 Park Avenue, 26th Floor
New York, NY 10022

Dear Henry,

I know that Barnard College and President Shapiro have thanked you profusely, but I would be remiss not to do so myself. I was really honored to be the first Barnard graduate to receive the *Iphigene Ochs Sulzberger Award*.

It means a lot to me that my work has been celebrated by such a fine institution. That so very many friends and associates and members of my family attended and contributed bolstered my spirits -- and greatly increased Barnard's scholarship coffers. Oftentimes, such evenings are arduous and long, but this one was warm, and friendly, and lively, and meaningful.

I thank you -- and Barnard and President Shapiro -- for your generosity and your caring. And to those of you who spoke so nicely, with humor and with seriousness, additional thank yous.

MARTHA STEWART LIVING OMNIMEDIA, INC.

11 WEST 42ND STREET, 25TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036
TELEPHONE 212 827 8100 FACSIMILE 212 827 8102
WWW.MARTHASTEWART.COM

University of San Diego

Distinguished Professor of Global Diplomacy
Dr. John G. Stoessinger

APR 10 2001

April 9, 2001

Dr. Henry Kissinger
350 Park Avenue
Twenty-sixth Floor
New York, NY 10022

Dear Henry,

Early this afternoon, just as I was drafting a letter to you, my favorite student from Columbia University, Mel Klein, called and reported that he met you at the private reception for Horatio Alger Members in Washington DC on Friday. Both of us came up with the same idea: to ask the President to send you to Washington to help us out of the present impasse. [insertiang China]

With your enormous prestige in China, having opened that country for the United States almost exactly thirty years ago, you would be the right man to save us from yet another foreign policy embarrassment. Surely, the present leaders still have a memory of your meetings with Mao and Zhou En-Lai back in 1971 and with President Nixon in 1972. Your critical role in the history of China may be sufficient to replace the apology on which China's government currently insists.

We are also old enough to remember UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold's mission to Beijing in 1954 when Zhou En-Lai decided to release fifteen American airmen who had been shot down over North Korea and were being held prisoners in China. They were released by Zhou En-Lai as a present to Hammarskjold on his fiftieth birthday. Perhaps the Chinese will do the same for you on the thirtieth anniversary of your opening of China.

I'm fully aware of the enormous difficulties involved, and of the fact that the present leaders do not have the historical or philosophical depth of Zhou En-Lai. Yet your own enormous knowledge of Chinese history and your unique diplomatic talent may just pull it off.

I saw you on CNBC on Friday, and was delighted to hear that you would be willing to go on such a mission if asked. I have taken the liberty to write the President and National Security Adviser to ask you to do just that.

5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, California 92110-2492 619/260-6824 Fax: 619/260-6840

University of San Diego

APR 27 2001

April 23, 2001

Dr. Henry Kissinger
350 Park Avenue
Twenty-sixth floor
New York, NY 10022

Dear Henry,

It was truly wonderful to see you last Friday afternoon, although I was distressed to hear that your heart attack was considerably more severe than the media had indicated. Also, the news about the loss of vision in your eye concerns me deeply and I would like to ask you to let me have more specific information about this event. With your permission I would like to make some inquiries, (without mentioning your name, of course) at the University of California at San Diego. They have an outstanding medical school there with a great deal of research going on on the frontiers of medical science.

Our reminiscing on Friday about the dubious behavior toward you of some of our former colleagues in academia during the most difficult years of your White House tenure made me recall Hans Morgenthau as an extraordinary exception. Hans, as you know of course, never wavered in his deep and genuine affection for you. During his last years when he came to dinner at my house on an almost weekly basis, he often talked about your visit to New York in a flight from Washington during a snowstorm to honor him in on his seventieth birthday. He was truly moved by your generous gesture on that occasion. I took the liberty of mentioning it in an article that I wrote about you and Hans in the enclosed volume (P.236). I have a beautiful picture of yourself and Hans, taken on that occasion, which I am having reproduced and will send you as soon as possible.

Thank you for agreeing to be a candidate for the Kyoto Prizes, and I shall pursue the matter with all deliberate speed.

Thank you also for reminding me that angiograms are no longer essential to the discovery of the status of one's arteries. I shall take immediate steps in that direction.

It would be marvelous to welcome you and Nancy to my home in Encinitas to watch the sunset before enjoying an illegal Schnitzel. In the meantime, I remain

HENRY A. KISSINGER

October 2, 2001

Dear Michele:

Thank you for your outstanding service during my arrival and departure in Frankfurt in September. I appreciated your help which was consistently professional and courteous and I commend you highly.

Ms. Michele Stoll
VIP Service
Deutsche Lufthansa AG
FRASX12 V/VIP Service
D-60546 Frankfurt/Main
Germany

TWENTY-SIXTH FLOOR · 350 PARK AVENUE · NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10022 · (212) 759-7919
FACSIMILE (212) 759-0042

AUG 3 0 2001

August 25, 2001

Henry Kissinger
350 Park Ave.
New York, NY 10022

Greetings Mr. Kissinger,

My name is Kristin Stouffer, and I am a resident of Minneapolis. I am writing to ask a favor of you. My father, Ralph Stouffer, turns 60 this fall. To commemorate his birthday, my family and I are compiling a "birthday card book." We are asking friends, colleagues, and family members to send a birthday wish to him. We are also asking people whom he admires, like you, to send a letter or card congratulating him on his sixtieth birthday.

Would you be willing to send a happy birthday greeting to him, in care of me, which we can include in this book? I have enclosed a self-addressed, stamped envelope, in which you can include a signed note of some kind. We are having a party in late October, at which time we will present the book to him.

Thank you for helping to make my dad's sixtieth birthday a great one!

Kristin Stouffer
Ralph Stouffer
c/o Kristin Stouffer
3505 Humboldt Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55408

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

Orig: CFR

xref: Stringer

58 EAST 68TH STREET • NEW YORK • NEW YORK 10021

Tel 212 434 9400 Fax 212 434 9880 www.cfr.org

Leslie H. Gelb
President

Board of Directors

Peter G. Peterson,
Chairman

Maurice R. Greenberg,
Vice Chairman

David Rockefeller,
Honorary Chairman

Paul A. Allaire
Roone Arledge
Mario L. Baeza
John F. Blyson
Lee Cullum
Kenneth W. Dam
John Deutch
Thomas R. Donahue
Peggy Dulany
Jessica P. Einhorn
Martin S. Feldstein
Leslie H. Gelb, ex officio
Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.
Carla A. Hills
Robert D. Hermats
Bette Bao Lord
Vincent A. Mai
William J. McDonough
George J. Mitchell
Michael H. Moskow
Warren B. Rudman
Robert E. Rubin
Frank Savage
Theodore C. Sorensen
George Soros
Laura D'Andrea Tyson
Garrick Utley
Andrew Young
Robert B. Zoellick

JAN 25 2001

January 23, 2001

The Honorable Henry A. Kissinger, Chairman
Kissinger Associates, Inc.
350 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10022-6022

Dear Henry:

This is just to let you know that the Board of Directors of the Council has voted to invite Mr. Roger C. Kline & Mr. Howard Stringer to membership in the Council. Thank you for endorsing them. Mike Peters, the Council's Senior Vice President, Elise Lewis, our Vice President of Membership & Fellowship Affairs, and I very much appreciate your interest in strengthening the Council membership.

In order to encourage these new members to become actively engaged early in their tenure, we hope that you, as their supporter for membership, would personally invite them to a Council event. They will soon begin receiving the Council's monthly calendar of events, but a phone call from you would, I'm sure, be additional incentive to become active in Council affairs.

All best,

May 18 01 02:49p

Ken Khachigian

949 498 6197

AMERICAN POLITICAL ANALYST: SITUATION AROUND FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN RUSSIA IS PUMPED UP ARTIFICIALLY

MOSCOW, April 19, 2001 /from RIA Novosti correspondent Anna Dovgan/.

The situation around freedom of speech in Russia is "to a considerable degree pumped up", Nixon Centre president Dmitry Simes told journalists in the State Duma (the lower house of the Russian parliament). As he puts it, "the situation is pumped up by many, including numerous representatives of Mr Gusinsky." "Huge sums of money being spent on services of his American lawyers and his spin control" evoked a certain response from the US public opinion, Simes said.

The Nixon Centre president also noted that in connection with the pumped-up situation around freedom of speech in Russia, the US State Department could not help "expressing its own opinion". However, he said, it was "nothing more than an opinion", it should not be regarded as interference. Simes believes that "all those sanctions, ultimatums and threats are interference." Thus, he thinks that "one should have a calm attitude" towards the concern, expressed by the State Department.

"Hot discussions around Gusinsky do not in any way affect the interests of the two states and do not pose a threat of war," Simes said.

At the same time he stressed that "some Russian oligarchs, who have stolen a lot of money in Russia, already have former American ambassadors, senators, Cabinet members at their disposal", spending on their services "millions of dollars".

Simes said that his Centre had also been under pressure. "They wanted us to give up our unbiased attitude towards the problem and even did not allow, for example, Mr Kokh to speak." While speaking on the attitude of the American press towards the problem of freedom of speech in Russia, Simes noted that some newspapers, for instance the Washington Post, "reacted sharply" in connection with the situation. However, Simes explained, the newspaper was "Gusinsky's business partner". Besides, the Washington Post has always supported the so-called "radical reformists". He believes that almost everything that has been written in the newspaper about Russia, is absolutely wrong.

Thus, Simes stressed, one who regards the opinion of such mass-media as "the opinion of the American people and the US Administration, is mistaken".

As for exaggerations made by Gusinsky's US lawyers and spin doctors, it is a matter of conscience. "The White House is not responsible for it," Nixon Centre president Dmitry Simes concluded.

4/20/2001

May 18 01 02:49p

Ken Khachigian

949 498 6197

p.4

TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN

RUSSIA-US-SIMES-OLIGARCHS -2

RUSSIA-US-SIMES-OLIGARCHS -2

An American analyst asserts that Russian oligarchs are attempting to buy political influence in the US.

Expanded version

Moscow, April 19th - INTERFAX - Dimitri Simes, an American analyst and President of the Nixon Center accused Russian oligarchs of using the Russian money in an attempt to buy political influence in the US.

The Nixon Center delegation led by Simes is currently visiting Moscow. When talking to journalists, the Center President stated that "your political methods, which are sometimes absolutely unacceptable, are being transferred to the US, and I am somewhat upset by it."

"Your oligarchs looted a lot of money here (in Russia), and now they are buying the best representation that this money can buy in the US. They already have former US ambassadors, cabinet members, and senators working for them," said Simes.

And first of all, the Center President said, I am talking about Vladimir Goussinsky. According to Mr. Simes, The Nixon Center experienced certain pressure, "to make sure that we do not take an objective position on this issue (NTV situation - Interfax), and to even see that we would not allow Mr. Koch to speak on the issue."

"This system of political contest was created in Russia. An attempt is being made to spread it to the US," he said.

When mentioning the statement made by the US Department of State where concern was expressed regarding the freedom of press in Russia, the Center President noted that the reason for the statement was a current US view that "right now the freedom of press in Russia is being attacked to a certain extent."

Mr. Simes believes that the situation around Russian media is being "intensified also by numerous representatives of Mr. Goussinsky." "Huge amounts of money are being spent to pay his attorneys and for his PR," added the analyst.

As far as what the State Department's statement means, in his opinion, it should be taken lightly, since "nothing moved beyond concern." "It would be just great if you would start dealing with them - the Russian businessmen and politicians - yourself," said Simes.

He also noted that in many respects the US attitude towards what is going on in Russia would depend on what will happen to NTV and other media. "If it turns out that there is a massive attack against the Russian media, if it does turn out that this is only the tip of the iceberg, and there will be serious repression in Russia, then it will influence how the US interprets the situation in Russia," he said expressing the hope that "it will not happen."

FORUM

Mittwoch, 20. Juni 2000

## LEITARTIKEL

# Gesucht: die Pax Atlantica

VON MICHAEL STÜRMER

Amerika wird amerikanischer, Europa europäischer. Das organisierende Prinzip, das einmal die sowjetische Bedrohung von außen lieferte, muss von innen ersetzt werden durch die Einsicht, dass jenseits des atlantischen Sicherheits-, Wirtschafts- und Rechtsraumes die Welt wenig Verlässliches zu bieten hat. Die Antwort ist die Pax Atlantica. Aber sie macht sich nicht von allein.

Innerhalb des „beltway“, der Washingtons abgehobenes Politikmilieu umgürtet, wird die EU schlecht verstanden, jenseits davon noch schlechter. Aber auch die Europäer begreifen schlecht, wie sich Amerikas Horizonte verändern. Die Nato indes bleibt Mittelstück globaler Sicherheit, zusammen mit G 7, OECD, Welthandelsorganisation, Weltbank und Weltwährungsfonds – und möglichst auch der UNO.

Die Europäer waren in ihrer streitbaren Geschichte noch nie so frei von Angst, die Amerikaner sehen sich verwundbarer als je zuvor. Die strategische Geographie verändert sich. Aber die Europäer messen die Verschiebungen an der Vergangenheit, die Amerikaner an der Zukunft. Der amerikanische Horizont umfasst den Globus. Der Große Nahe Osten, Zentralasien und Fernost nehmen Washingtons strategische Aufmerksamkeit gefangen. Die Europäer schauen gerade noch bis aufs Mittelmeer und sind beschäftigt mit den laibyrinthischen Prozeduren der Vertiefung, der Erweiterung – und der Ratlosigkeit über den Euro.

Alte Klischees werden neue Klischees. In Europa hat George W. die Chance, Rein-

karnation des hässlichen Amerikaners zu werden, verschwenderisch mit der Natur, technikbesessen, machtbegeistert; in amerikanischen Augen sieht Europa sklerotisch aus, mit sich selbst beschäftigt, profitierend von Amerikas Wacht am Golf und unwillig, weltpolitische Bürden zu teilen. Dass die meisten europäischen Regierungen Mitte-links sind, Bush aber eine rechte Agenda umsetzt, erleichtert die Kordialität nicht.

Eine neue Generation, in weltpolitischen Prüfungen unerprobt, ist an den Hebeln der Macht: Zweiter Weltkrieg und Kalter Krieg sind ihnen Märchen aus uralten Zeiten. Mit anderen Worten, Washington wie die europäischen Hauptstädte leisten sich den Luxus ihrer Vorurteile, statt ihre Unterschiede zu akzeptieren und gemeinsam die Wagnisse einer gefährlichen und gefährdeten Welt anzugehen. Auch dies ein Ergebnis der ersten europäischen Visite des neuen US-Präsidenten.

Der unausgesprochene Vertrag aus den späten vierziger Jahren hat ausgedient – unterdessen definieren Europäer und Amerikaner. Lastenteilung und Partnerschaft anders. Amerikaner betonen politische Fragen und harte Macht. Die Europäer konzentrieren sich auf ihren wankenden Sozialvertrag, Wirtschaft und das, was Harvard-Don Joe Nye beschreibt als „soft power“. Die Bedrohungsanalysen klaffen auseinander. „Hinten fern in der Türkei...“ ist für die Amerikaner Brennpunkt ihrer Interessen, für die Europäer Zuschauersport.

Amerikaner und Europäer teilen demokratische Grundwerte, aber jenseits davon behauptet jeder das höhere moralische Gelände. Die politischen Strukturen auf beiden Seiten sind unübersichtlich und unberechenbar, Verantwortlichkeiten unklar, Vetopositionen im Wachsen. Intergouvernementale Zusammenarbeit und innenpolitische Debatte trennen sich. Die Politiker winken der Galerie und stellen sich in Pose, die Medien sind innenpolitisch beschäftigt, und es entsteht ein Verständnisdefizit.

Die transatlantischen Beziehungen driften auseinander. Amerikanischer Unilateralismus und europäischer Provinzialismus sind einander wert. Die Bush-Agenda wird schmerzhafte Änderungen erfahren, namentlich durch die neuen Kraftlinien im Senat. Unterdessen werden die Europäer unsanft daran erinnert, dass die Welt noch immer ein gefährlicher Platz ist. Das wird zu der Einsicht verhelfen, dass Freunden und Prosperität einer neuen atlantischen Gemeinschaft bedürfen: in den alten Formen, aber mit neuen Inhalten.

Wenn Europa europäischer wird, Amerika amerikanischer, so muss das nicht Schwäche bedeuten. Richtig verfugt, kann es Stärke sein. Strategische Horizonte, Interessen und Identitäten dürfen – und müssen – unterschiedlich sein. Die Segnungen der Pax Americana aber können nur dauern, wenn die Europäer daraus eine Pax Atlantica gestalten.

Den Autor erreichen Sie unter: stuermer@welt.de

SEP 25 2001

Henry Kissinger hat nicht nur Bewunderer
Rezension von:
Herbert Hitchens, Die Akte Kissinger. A.d. Engl. Von
Peter Toörberg und Jürgen Bürger. Deutsche
Verlagsanstalt Stuttgart 2001, 250 Seiten, DM 39,80

Von Michael Stürmer

Zu Lebzeiten schon eine Legende zu sein, ist nur
wenigen gegeben, Henry Kissinger darunter. Harvard
Professor und Nationaler Sicherheitsberater,
Außenminister und Großdenker der Geschichte und
der Strategie. Das ist mehr als genug für drei Leben,
und jedes einzelne davon würde Bewunderung auf
sich ziehen, aber auch Kritik und Hass.

An Bewunderung hat es dem in Fürth in
Mittelfranken als Sohn eines jüdischen
Gymnasiallehrers, dem 1938 die Emigration glückte,
nie gefehlt. An Hass aber auch nicht, namentlich in
der Zeit des Vietnam-Kriege4s, als Kissinger alles
daran setzte, die Hunderttausende amerikanischer
Truppen aus dem Indochina Sumpf zu ziehen, ohne
Sieg und ohne Niederlage. Er wusste, dass der Krieg
nicht zu gewinnen war, und er war es, der durch die
Öffnung zu China und die strategische
Rüstungskontrolle mit der Sowjetunion die
Abdeckung konstruierte für den amerikanischen
Rückzug. Das war klassische Realpolitik.

Aber wer in der Zeit des Vietnamkriegs politische
Verantwortung trug, und wenn er auch den Krieg
beenden wollte - Kissinger gewann immerhin den
Friedensnobelpreis - der muss unschuldig schuldig
werden. Es kommt die Kategorie des Tragischen zur
Anwendung, und so auch für Kissinger. Die Harvard-
Studenten und Professoren indes, die gegen ihn
demonstrierten, die gesteuerten Kampagnen, die
Filme und Bücher, die ihn zum Kriegsverbrecher
stempeln, wollen von tragischer Verstrickung nichts
wissen, sondern fordern Anklage, Gericht und
Verurteilung. Niemand hat das mit größerer Schärfe
und Radikalität getan als jetzt der Brite Herbert
Hitchens. Er ist Staatsanwalt, Richter und Henker in
einer Person. Verteidigung - Leser seien gewarnt - ist
nicht vorgesehen.

Hitchens kann man, ohne ihm zu nahe zu treten, als
moralischen Eiferer, verbissenen
Enthüllungsjournalisten und Wichtigtuer bezeichnen.
Zu den von ihm in anderem Zusammenhang
Vorgeführten gehören Mutter Theresa, Princess
Diana, und Präsident Clinton. Hitchens will Kissinger
vor Gericht bringen - und je aussichtsloser dieses
Unterfangen ist, desto giftiger seine Angriffe.
Hitchens interessiert nicht, ob ein Sicherheitsberater
oder Aussenminister operative Verantwortung für
bestimmte Ereignisse und Entwicklungen trug. Er will
Kissinger vernichten: moralisch, politisch, bürgerlich.
Dafür nimmt er sich vor, wörtlich...jene Vergehen

Strafverfolgung dienen könnten und sollten.“ Er bietet auch einen ganzen Katalog angeblicher Straftatbestände an: „Kriegsverbrechen, Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit und Delikte gegen das allgemeine Rechtsverständnis oder internationales Recht, darunter Verschwörung zum Mord, Entführung und Folter“. Es besteht indes nicht die geringste Aussicht, dass irgendein ernstzunehmendes Gericht dieser Welt Hitchens und seine Streitschrift ernstnimmt.

Handwerklich ist sie miserabel, ein Pamphlet, und man fragt sich, warum ein angeschener Verlag sich darauf einließ. Vieles, was Hitchens vorbringt, sind Behauptungen und Unterstellungen. Belege und Beweise fehlen zumeist, so auch der Handlungszusammenhang oder die Motivation der behaupteten Untaten. Von Völkerrecht hat Hitchens wenig Ahnung, und so auch von den tatsächlichen Handlungs- und Entscheidungsmöglichkeiten des amerikanischen Sicherheitsberaters und Außenministers. Der Leser soll in moralische Wallung gebracht werden. Da spielt es keine Rolle, ob es sich Tatsachen, Behauptungen, Annahmen oder Erfindungen handelt.

Es ist eine lange Liste, die Hitchens da zusammenstellt. Aber es fehlen die rechtlichen oder tatsächlichen Voraussetzungen für die Anklage. In den letzten Amtstagen des Präsidenten Johnson, als es um Waffenstillstand in Vietnam und Verhandlungen ging, habe Kissinger ein doppeltes Spiel gespielt und den Vietnamesen zukommen lassen, sie könnten unter Nixon bessere Bedingungen erwarten und sollten erst einmal weiterkämpfen. Das stützt sich auf wenig mehr als auf die Aussagen einer älteren Dame – und sonst gar nichts. Es soll aber dazu herhalten, Kissinger für die Toten und die Verwüstungen zwischen 1968 und 1973 verantwortlich zu machen. Weiter: Kissinger habe den pakistanischen Diktator Yahya Khan nicht am Hindumord in Ostpakistan gehindert – woraus der Krieg Indien gegen Pakistan entstand und die gesonderte Staatswerdung von Bangladesh. Weiter: Kissinger habe auch nicht die Massaker des indonesischen Militärdiktators Suharto verhindert und die Unterdrückung in Ost-Timor. Ebenso phantasievoll und abwegig erscheint die Behauptung, Kissinger habe sich persönlich engagiert für die Ermordung des Staatspräsidenten Makarios auf Zypern.

In Chile gab es 1970 Erdrutschwahlen zugunsten der Linken. Salvador Allende gewann, und die Amerikaner fürchteten, zu Recht oder zu Unrecht, ein zweites Cuba. Lange vor dem Armeeputsch gegen Allende gab es eine Verschwörung, den regierungstreuen Stabschef General Rene Schneider zu entführen. Die amerikanische Central Intelligence Agency war verwickelt – soweit ist der Tatbestand unumstritten. Ob der Chef des Nationalen

[LCO]

Kissinger, die Operation kannte, abzeichnete und abdeckte, gilt bis heute als offene Frage. In seinen „White House Years“ hat Kissinger zwar aus seiner Abneigung gegen die chilenische Linksregierung kein Geheimnis gemacht, sonst aber geschwiegen. Die Operation entglitt jedenfalls ihren Hintermannern, als der General sich gegen die Entführung wehrte und erschossen wurde. Bis heute liegt da viel Dunkelheit. Keine beweise gibt es für die angebliche Schlüsselrolle Kissingers beim Staatsstreich von 1973 und der Ermordung Allendes: das erscheint bisher als pure Erfindung.

Dann also die Kriegführung in Vietnam, genau genommen die Ausweitung des krieges auf Laos und Kambodscha - mit fürchterlichen Folgen. Das amerikanische Problem bestand darin, dass der Nachschub des Vietkong aus Nordvietnam den Weg durch die Dschungel von Kambodscha nahm, ungestört. Hier hat Kissinger mitgewirkt an der Interventionsentscheidung: wie weit aber, und mit welchem Grad an Verantwortung, das ist eine ganz andere Frage.

Hinter Anklagen wie denen von Hitchens stehen sicherlich Geltungsbedürfnis und Wichtigmacherei, aber auch mehr. Es gibt zwei Schulen des außenpolitischen Denkens. Die eine geht davon aus, wie die Welt sein soll: Human, vernünftig, friedlich. Sie ist vor allem in philosophischen Fakultäten und pazifistischen Intellektuellenzirkeln verbreitet. Die andere, zu der Kissinger gehört wie vor ihm Metternich, Bismarck und Harry S. Truman, sieht die Welt, wie sie ist: gefahrvoll, bedrohlich, stets am Rande des Absturzes ins Chaos. Kissinger hat die Sicht seiner Herkunft und seiner Erfahrungen: Er hat in Nazi-Deutschland das real existierende Böse kennen gelernt und als Soldat dagegen gefochten. Er hat die Nuklearwaffen begriffen nicht als Mittel der Kriegführung, sondern als Mittel der Friedensstabilisierung. Er hat Amerika aus dem Vietnam Krieg herausmanövriert: das bleibt ein hohes verdienst, und nur Träumer können meinen, das sei ohne Blut und Schuld zu haben gewesen. Hitchens will die Weltgeschichte als das Weltgericht- und zum Teufel mit der Wirklichkeit. Seine Fußnoten zu Kissinger sind wenig mehr als das. Kissinger dagegen ist eine der großen Gestalten des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er glaubt an die tragische Gestalt der Geschichte, und das ist auch Leitmotiv seines eigenen Lebens.

73

APR 2 0 2001

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02138

April 10, 2001

Mr. Henry Kissinger
350 Park Avenue, 26th Floor
New York, NY 10022

Dear Henry:

Thank you for your note of congratulations on my appointment as President of Harvard. I am honored and excited about returning to Cambridge.

With the increasing global emphasis on knowledge, recent progress in so many disciplines, growth in the University's finances and physical resources, and the outstanding quality of its students and faculty, this seems to me a moment of great opportunity. I look forward to working with the University community to carry forward Harvard's central mission of teaching and scholarship.

I hope we keep in touch and will always welcome any advice you have.

HENRY A. KISSINGER

Personal

November 26, 2001

Dear Larry:

Tom Pepper has sent me a copy of his letter to you urging an honorary degree for me. Since he may pursue the subject and extend his appeal, let me end the discussion by stressing that I would, under no circumstances, accept such an honor either this year or in the future. Whatever the merit of a show of confidence by my alma mater earlier, the time for a meaningful gesture is past. It surely is not worth the controversy it would produce. Nor should a new president burden his office with a battle over decade-old issues.

You know my high regard for you. You can always count on my personal support. It goes without saying that I will make no public use of this letter.

The Honorable
Lawrence H. Summers
Office of the President
Massachusetts Hall
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA 02138

CONFIRMATION COPY

W. SYCIP

Founder, The SGV Group
Advisor, Arthur Andersen

6760 Ayala Avenue
1226 Makati City Philippines
Tel (632) 817 7847 • (632) 818 9208
Fax (632) 818 1377 • (632) 819 0872

February 19, 2001

Facsimile (212) 759-0042

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Kissinger Associates, Inc.
Twenty-Sixth Floor
350 Park Avenue
New York, N. Y. 10022-6022

Dear Henry:

This is to update you on the Philippine situation.

It is now almost exactly a month since Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in as Philippine President by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, with the unanimous support of all the other justices. The recognition of the new government by the U.S. and other important countries came very quickly, although there were some constitutional questions raised by Lee Kwan Yew and other academics about the "process" by which the new government came in when Estrada claimed that he did not resign and was just temporarily unable to govern. Many believe that this may be just a negotiating position to enable him to keep some of the confiscated bank deposits and houses of his mistresses.

The new President is faced with a May 14, 2001 election of half of the Senate and the entire House. She has moved fairly quickly and decisively on choosing a "winnable" Senate slate (since election is on nationwide basis, name recognition is important) that has been criticized by some of the NGOs and civil societies groups who supported her. It is essential that the May elections should give her a Congress that will enable her to carry out her legislative program. The President will have to stand for election in 2004. If successful, she will have a chance to be in power for 9 years. This will enable her to undertake long term projects and institute much needed reforms to enable the economy to catch up with neighboring countries.

Efforts to reduce budget deficit and check corruption have started but tangible results will probably be clear only after the May 14 elections.

The foreign exchange rate that went as high as P56 to $1 has now settled at about P47.50 to $1. Share prices have improved (there is now a net inflow of funds from abroad) and interest rates have now declined to pre-1997 crisis levels.

Domestic business confidence has greatly improved. Judging by the announced investment missions coming from abroad, there seems to be strong indications of much greater confidence in the new government. Both the Secretary of Finance (Alberto Romulo) and the Secretary of Trade and Industry (Mar Roxas) are receiving strong support from the business community.

I will be letting you know of new developments when they occur.

Hank Greenberg is coming about the end of April and is expected to meet the new President.

Best regards.

W. SYCIP