[Y]

Mr. President, distinguished colleagues and friends.

We owe our host country and its leaders a profound debt of gratitude for sponsoring this meeting. Personally, I have spent many happy days in this great country. And I have had the privilege of the advice, wisdom and on occasion the tenacious opposition of your President and Foreign Minister. I look forward to an equally frank, friendly, intense but constructive dialogue at this conference.

On a plaque in Mexico's imposing Museum of Anthropology are etched phrases which carry special meaning for this occasion:

"Nations find courage and confidence to face the future by looking to the greatness of their past. Mexican, seek yourself in the mirror of

[Y]

-2-

this greatness. Stranger, confirm here the unity
of human destiny. Civilizations pass; but men
will always reflect the glory of the struggle to
build them."

We assemble in the splendid shadows of history's
monuments. They remind us of what can be achieved by
inspiration and of what can be lost when peoples miss
their opportunity. We in the Americas now have a great
opportunity to vindicate our old dream of building a
new world of justice and peace, to assure the well-being
of our peoples -- and to leave what we achieve as a
monument to our striving.

Our common impulse in meeting here is to fulfill the
promise of America as the continent which beckoned men
to fulfill what was best in them. Our common reality is
the recognition of our diversity. Our common

[Y]

-3-

determination is to derive strength from that diversity.

Our common task is to forge our historical and geographical
links into shared purpose and endeavor.

In this spirit the United States offered a new
dialogue last October.

In this spirit the countries of the Americas
responded in Bogota last November.

We meet here as equals -- representatives of our
individual modes of life, but united by one aspiration --
to build a new community.

We have an historic foundation on which to build;
we live in a world that gives our enterprise a special
meaning and urgency.

On behalf of President Nixon, I commit the United
States to undertake this venture with dedication and
energy.

[Y]

The U.S. Commitment

One concern has dominated all others as I have met privately with some of my colleagues in this room. Does the United States really care? Is this another exercise of high-sounding declarations followed by long periods of neglect? What is new in this dialogue?

These questions -- not unrelated to historical experience -- define our task. On behalf of my colleagues and myself let me stress that we are here to give effect to a new attitude and to help shape a new policy. The presence of so many distinguished leaders from the United States Congress underlines the depth of the United States concern for its neighbors and the determination of our government to implement our agreements through a partnership between the Executive and Legislative branches.

The time has come to infuse the Western Hemisphere relationships with a new spirit. In the nineteenth and

[N]

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early twentieth centuries, the United States declared
what those outside this hemisphere should not do within
it. In the 1930's we stipulated what the United States
would not do. Later we were prone to set standards for
the political, economic and social structures of our
sister republics.

Today we meet on the basis of your agenda and our
common needs. We agree with one of my distinguished
colleagues who said on arrival that the time had come
to meet as brothers, not as sons. Today -- together --
we can begin giving expression to our common aspirations
and start shaping our common future.

In my view, our fundamental task at this meeting --
more important even than the specifics of our agenda --
is to set a common direction and infuse our efforts with
new purpose. Let us therefore avoid both condescension

[Y]

- 6 -

and confrontation. If the United States is not to presume
to supply all the answers, neither should it be asked

Our dialogue should not then enter into a set of yin and yang demands to bear all the responsibilities. Let us together bring about a new commitment to the inter-American community.

Let us use the specific issues we discuss here as a road-map for the future.

Let us not be satisfied with proclamations but chart
a program of work worthy of the challenge before us.

Let us create a new spirit in our relations -- the
spirit of Tlatelolco (DLA TE LOLCO)

## An Interdependent World

A century ago a U.S. President described to the
Congress the difficulties facing the country: "It is a
condition which confronts us -- not a theory."

The condition we confront today is a world where
interdependence is a fact, not a choice.

- 7 -

[y]

The products of man's technical genius -- weapons of incalculable power, a global economic system, instantaneous communications, a technology that consumes finite resources at an ever expanding rate -- have compressed this planet and multiplied our mutual dependence. The problems of peace, of justice, of human dignity, of hunger and inflation and pollution, of the scarcity of physical materials and the surplus of spiritual despair, cannot be resolved on a national basis. All are now caught up in the tides of world events -- consumers and producers, the affluent and the poor, the free and the oppressed, the mighty and the weak.

The world and this Hemisphere can respond in one of two ways.

There is the path of autarchy. Each nation can try to exploit its particular advantages in resources and

[Y]

-8-

skills, and bargain bilaterally for what it needs. Each
nation can try to look after itself and shrug its
shoulders at the plight of those less well endowed.

But history tells us that this leads to ever more
vicious competition, the waste of resources, the stunting
of technological advance, and -- most fundamentally --
growing political tensions which unravel the fabric of
global stability. If we take this route, we and our
children will pay a terrible price.

Or we can take the path of collaboration. Nations can
recognize that only in working with others can they
most effectively work for themselves. A cooperative
world reflects the imperatives of technical and economic
necessity, but above all the sweep of human aspirations.

The United States is pledged to this second course.
We believe that we of the Americas should undertake it

- 9 -

together. This Hemisphere is a reflection of mankind.

Its diversity reflects the diversity of the globe. It

knows the afflictions and frustrations of the impoverished.

At the same time, many of its members are leaders among

modernizing societies. Much has been done to overcome

high mortality rates, widespread illiteracy, and grinding

poverty. This Hemisphere uniquely includes the perceptions

of the post-industrial societies, of those who are only

beginning to sample the benefits of modernization and of

those who are in mid-passage.

The Americas reach out to other constellations as
well. The nations of Latin America and the Caribbean
share much of the stirrings of the Third World. The United
States is engaged in the maintenance of peace on a global
basis. Pursuing our separate ways narrowly, we could
drift apart towards different poles. Working together,

- 10 -

we can reinforce our well-being and strengthen the
prospects for global cooperation.

So let us begin here in this Hemisphere. If we,
here in this room, fail to grasp the consequences of
interdependence, if we cannot make the multiplicity of
our ties a source of unity and strength, then the
prospects for success elsewhere are dim indeed. The
world community which we seek to build should have a
Western Hemisphere community as one of its central
pillars.

President Echeverria foresaw the gathering force
of interdependence in 1972 when he set forth his Charter
of the Economic Rights and Duties of States as a guide
for the conduct of relations among countries at different
levels of economic development. Last September before
the United Nations General Assembly I endorsed that concept.

[N]

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At first, some were concerned because they saw the Charter as a set of unilateral demands; it has since become clear that it is a farsighted concept of mutual obligations. In the emerging world of interdependence, the weak as well as the strong have responsibilities, and the world's interest is each nation's interest.

We can start by making the concept of the Charter a reality in the Western Hemisphere.

## The United States View of the American Community

The United States will do its full part to see that our enterprise succeeds. We can make a major contribution, but it would be in nobody's interest if we raised impossible expectations, leaving our peoples frustrated and our community empty.

We will promise only what we can deliver. We will make what we can deliver count.

- 12 -

[N]

I have carefully studied the agenda for this meeting
you prepared in Bogota. I will respond in detail to its
specifics in our private sessions. But I will say here
that I have come to a greater understanding of the deeply
felt motivations behind the phrases.

You are concerned:

-- that the United States has put aside its special
commitment to the Hemisphere;

-- that we will allow old issues to go unresolved
while new ones are created;

-- that we seek not community but dominance;

-- that our relationship does not adequately
contribute to human welfare in the hemisphere,
that it is often irrelevant to your needs and
an obstacle to their fulfillment.

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[Y]

In response let me outline the direction the United
States proposes to its friends in rededicating itself
to a new era of Western Hemisphere relationships. I
look forward to hearing your own views so that together
we can make the Western Hemisphere Community a reality.

The United States will do its utmost to settle
<u>outstanding differences.</u> During the past year, the
United States and Mexico solved the long-standing
Colorado River salinity dispute. Two weeks ago Panama
and the United States -- taking account of the advice
of their partners at Bogota -- signed a document that
foreshadows a new relationship. And just 48 hours ago,
Peru and the United States settled a dispute over
compensation for the exercise of Peru's sovereign right
to nationalize property for public purposes.

- 14 -

[N]

The United States is prepared to work with the other nations of this hemisphere on methods to eliminate new disputes or to mitigate their effect.

Some of our most troublesome problems have arisen over differences concerning the respective rights and obligations of private United States firms operating in foreign countries, and the countries which host them. These differences are based largely on differing conceptions of state sovereignty and state responsibility.

On the one hand, in keeping with the Calvo Doctrine, most nations of this hemisphere affirm that a foreign investor has no right to invoke the protection of his home government. On the other hand, the United States has held that nations have the right to espouse the cause of their investors if they believe they have been unfairly treated. This conviction is reflected in the

[Y]

-15-

legislative provisions of the Gonzales and Hickenlooper
Amendments.

Realistically, we must admit that these two elements cannot be easily or quickly reconciled. But the United States is prepared to begin a process to this end and to mitigate their effects. Even before a final resolution of the philosophical and legal issues, we are ready to explore means by which disputes can be removed from the forefront of our inter-governmental relations.

In our private meetings I shall make specific proposals to establish agreed machinery which might narrow the scope of disputes. For example, we might consider the establishment of a working group to examine various procedures for fact finding, conciliation, or the settlement of disputes. Other approaches are possible, and I shall welcome the views of my colleagues. Let me affirm here that a procedure

-16-

acceptable to all the parties would remove these disputes
as factors in United States Government decisions
respecting assistance relationships with host countries.
We would be prepared to discuss with our Congress
appropriate modifications of our legislation.

* * * * *

But we cannot achieve our goals simply by remedying
specific grievances, or even by creating mechanisms
that will eliminate the sources of the disputes. A
special community can only emerge if we infuse it with
life and substance.

We must renew our political commitment to a Western
Hemisphere system. Thomas Macaulay once observed, "It is
not the machinery we employ, but the spirit we are of
that binds men together." We are here because we recognize
the need for cooperation. Yet we can only

[N]

-17-

cooperate if our people truly believe that we are united
by common purposes and a sense of common destiny.

The United States will be guided by these principles:

- we will not impose our political preferences;

- we will not intervene in the domestic affairs
of others;

- we will seek a free association of proud peoples.

> In this way, the Western Hemisphere community can
> make its voice and interests felt in the world.

We realize that United States global interests sometimes
lead to actions that have a major effect on our sister
republics. We understand, too, that there is no wholly
satisfactory solution to this problem.

However, to contribute to the sense of community we
all seek, the United States commits itself to close and
constant consultation with its hemispheric associates on

- 18 -

[Y]

political and economic issues of common interest --
particularly when these issues vitally affect the
interests of our partners in the Western Hemisphere.

In my view, the best way to coordinate policies is
to make a systematic attempt to shape the future. I
therefore recommend that today's meeting be considered
the first of a series. The foreign ministers assembled
here should meet periodically for an informal review of
the international situation and of common Hemispheric
problems. In the interval between our meetings, the
heads of our planning staffs or senior officials with
similar responsibilities should meet on a regular basis
to assess progress on a common agenda. The principle
of consultation on matters affecting each other's
interests should be applied to the fullest extent possible.

[Y]

- 19 -

Specifically:

- the United States is prepared to consult and adjust its positions on the basis of reciprocity, in the multilateral trade negotiations.

- the United States also recognizes a fundamental congruity of interests among the countries of the Hemisphere in global monetary matters. We favor a strong voice for Latin America in the management of a new monetary system -- just as we favor its effective participation in the reform of this system.

- the United States is ready to undertake prior consultation in other international negotiations such as the Law of the Sea Conference, the World Food Conference and the World Population Conference.

- 20 -

The Western Hemisphere community should promote a decent life for all its citizens.

No community is worthy of its name that does not actively foster the dignity and prosperity of its peoples.

The United States as the richest and most powerful country in the Hemisphere recognizes a special obligation in this regard.

Let me sketch here the program which President Nixon has authorized and which I shall discuss in greater detail with my colleagues this afternoon.

-- First, in trade. During the period of great economic uncertainty arising from the energy situation, it is essential that nations behave cooperatively and not take protective or restrictive action. I pledge to you today that the United States will do its utmost to avoid placing any new limitations on access by Latin America to its

[Y]

- 21 -

domestic market.

In the same spirit we renew our commitment to the
system of Generalized Tariff Preferences. We shall
strongly support this legislation. Once it is enacted,
we will consult closely with you on how it can be most
beneficial to your needs.

-- Second, in science and technology. We want to
improve our private and governmental efforts to make
available needed technology, suited to varying stages
of development in such vital areas as education, housing
and agriculture. Private enterprise is the most effective
carrier of technology across national borders, but
government, while not a substitute, can usefully appraise
the overall needs and spur progress. The United States
therefore recommends that we establish an Inter-American
Commission on Technology. It should be composed of leading

[N]

-22-

scientists and experts from all the Americas and report
to governments on the basis of regular meetings.

-- **Third, in energy.** This Hemisphere, linking
oil-producing and oil-consuming countries, is uniquely
situated for cooperative solutions of this problem. The
United States is prepared to share research for the
development of energy sources. We will encourage the
Inter-American Development Bank to adapt its lending and
fund-raising activities to cushion the current strains.
We are also prepared to explore ways of financing oil
deficits, including the removal of remaining institutional
impediments to your access to United States capital markets.

-- **Fourth, in development assistance.** The United
States government in its Executive Branch is committed
to maintain our aid levels, despite rising energy costs.
On the other hand, the development problem can no longer
be resolved simply by accelerating official assistance.

- 23 -

[Y]

We need a comprehensive review and recommendations on how all flows of capital and technology -- whether from concessional assistance, world capital markets or export credits -- can contribute most effectively to hemispheric needs. I recommend charging an inter-American body with these tasks.

-- Fifth, in reshaping the inter-American system.

We must identify and preserve those aspects of the Rio Treaty and the Organization of American States which have shielded the Hemisphere from outside conflict and helped preserve regional peace.

Some form of institutional structure for peace and cooperation is clearly necessary. However, we must reinforce the formal structure of the OAS by modernizing its institutions and agreeing on the principles of inter-American relations.

The United States is prepared to cooperate in creative adjustments to meet new conditions.

[Y]

- 24 -

## Next Steps

A Spanish poet once wrote: "Traveler, there is no path; paths are made by walking."

This is our most immediate need. We are not here to write a communique but to chart a course. Our success will be measured by whether we in fact start a journey. I suggest we move ahead in three ways:

- First, let us make clear to our peoples that we do have a common destiny and a modern framework for effective cooperation.

- Second, let us agree on an agenda for the Americas, a course of actions that will give substance to our consensus and inspiration to our peoples.

- Third, let us define a program to bring that agenda to life.

[N]

- 25 -

Mr. President, my distinguished colleagues, four centuries ago totally alien cultures met for the first time near here. We are moving towards a world whose demands upon us are nearly as alien to our experience as were the Spaniards and the Aztecs to each other.

Today, if we are to meet the unprecedented challenge of an interdependent world, we will also have to summon courage, faith, and dedication. The United States believes we can build a world worthy of the best in us in concert with our friends and neighbors. We want future generations to say that in 1974, in Mexico, the Nations of the Western Hemisphere took a new road and proclaimed that in the Americas and the world they have a common destiny.

SECRETARY'S SCHEDULE

Wednesday, February 20, 1974

12:30 p.m. Depart Andrews
2:00 p.m. Met with Senators Mansfield, Scott, and McGee; and Representatives Albert, Mailliard and Fascell
3:15 p.m. Arrive Mexico City
Arrival Statement
3:40 p.m. Arrive Caminio Real Hotel
4:05 p.m. Saw Eagleburger and Lord
4:30 p.m. Saw Kubisch and Jova
4:45 p.m. Bilateral with Brazilian For. Min. Gibson Barboza
5:15 p.m. Bilateral with Colombian For. Min. Vasquez
6:00 p.m. Bilateral with Argentine For. Min. Vignes
6:45 p.m. Bilateral with Peruvian For. Min. de la Flor
7:30 p.m. Bilateral with Venezuelan For. Min. Calvani
8:20 p.m. Saw Eagleburger
8:25 p.m. Saw Kubisch and Maw
8:30 p.m. Saw Eagleburger
8:45 p.m. Saw Kubisch
9:30 p.m. Dinner - In room
Continued working on speech rest of evening

SECRETARY'S SCHEDULE

Thursday, February 21, 1974

7:00 a.m. to 7:45 a.m. - Bremer & Eagleburger in and out

7:30 a.m. Breakfast
7:45 a.m. Saw Kubisch
8:10 a.m. Saw Eagleburger
8:20 a.m. Depart hotel for Wreath Laying Ceremony at Independence Monument
9:30 a.m. Foreign Ministers Conference Convenes

1:40 p.m. Saw Eagleburger
1:50 p.m. Saw Vest
1:55 p.m. Called Gen. Scowcroft
2:00 p.m. Depart for lunch at Chapultepec Castle
4:40 p.m. Return to Hotel
4:45 p.m. Saw Eagleburger
5:55 p.m. Saw Eagleburger
6:00 p.m. Saw Kubisch
6:10 p.m. Met with President Echeverria of Mexico
7:25 p.m. Return to Hotel
7:26 p.m. Saw Eagleburger
7:30 p.m. Called Rabasa
7:35 p.m. Saw Eagleburger
7:45 p.m. Saw Eagleburger
8:30 p.m. Saw Hennessy, Lord, Bloomfield
8:50 p.m. Senator Mansfield returned call
9:00 p.m. Called Gen. Scowcroft
9:15 p.m. Cocktails with Mr. & Mrs. Joe Kraft
10:00 p.m. Worked on communique for rest of evening

SECRETARY'S SCHEDULE

Saturday, February 23, 1974

8:00 a.m. Breakfast
Saw Eagleburger
Saw Bremer
9:30 Brief Congressmen at Hotel Maria Isabel
a.m. Conference Resumes at Conference Site
5:30 p.m. Conference Concludes
6:45 p.m. Depart Mexico City
7:05 p.m. Met with Congressmen on the Plane
8:30 p.m. Met with the Press on the Plane
12:30 a.m. Arrive Andrews AFB

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Washington, D.C. 20520

CONFIDENTIAL

THE SECRETARY'S SCHEDULE

February 20, 1974

<table><tr><td>12:30 p.m.</td><td>Depart for Andrews AFB</td></tr><tr><td>3:00 p.m.</td><td>Arrive Mexico City International Airport (met by Foreign Secretary Rabasa and conducted to Official Reception Room). Press will be present.</td></tr><tr><td>2:20 p.m.</td><td>Depart airport for Hotel Camino Real</td></tr><tr><td>2:50 p.m.</td><td>Arrive Camino Real</td></tr><tr><td>4:30 p.m.</td><td>Bilateral Meeting with Brazilian Foreign Minister Gibson Barboza (Suite 2638)</td></tr><tr><td>5:15 p.m.</td><td>Bilateral Meeting with Colombian Foreign Minister Vasquez (Suite 5638)</td></tr><tr><td>6:00 p.m.</td><td>Bilateral Meeting with Argentine Foreign Minister Vignes (Suite 2618)</td></tr><tr><td>6:45 p.m.</td><td>Bilateral Meeting with Peruvian Foreign Minister de la Flor (Suite 3618)</td></tr><tr><td>7:30 p.m.</td><td>Bilateral Meeting with Venezuelan Foreign Minister Calvani (Suite 1618)</td></tr><tr><td>8:30 p.m.</td><td>Depart Camino Real for "Mexican Night" reception hosted by the Regent of the Federal District at the Hacienda de los Morales Restaurant</td></tr><tr><td>8:45 p.m.</td><td>Arrive Hacienda de los Morales Restaurant. Function will continue for several hours.</td></tr><tr><td>-----</td><td>Depart Hacienda de los Morales and return to Camino Real</td></tr></table>

CONFIDENTIAL

VISIT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE

OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

THE HONORABLE HENRY A. KISSINGER

TO THE

CONFERENCE OF FOREIGN MINISTERS

SCHEDULE BOOK

MEXICO CITY

February 1974

[L]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>Page</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Vehicle Assignments Upon Arrival</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Alphabetical Accommodations Listing</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Schedule of Activities for Conference Participants</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Schedule of Activities for Participants' Wives</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Embassy Escort Officers for Congressional Advisors</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Passengers Aboard the Secretary's Aircraft</td><td>8</td></tr></tbody></table>

4

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
FOR CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS

Wednesday, February 20

Evening
Mexican night offered by the
Mayor of the City for the
Delegation at the Hacienda
Los Morales (Dress: Business
suit)

Thursday, February 21

Morning
Inauguration of the Tlatelolco
Conference at the Juarez Salon of
Foreign Secretariat Conference
Site

Early Afternoon
Luncheon hosted by President and
Mrs. Echeverria at Chapultepec
Castle

Afternoon
Conference resumes at the Foreign
Secretariat Conference Site
Plenary Salon

Evening
Free

Friday, February 22

Morning
Conference resumes at the Foreign
Secretariat Conference Site Plenary
Salon

Early Afternoon
Free Time for Luncheon

Evening
Free

5

[LC]

Saturday, February 23

<table><tr><td>Morning</td><td>Conference resumes at the Foreign Secretariat Conference Site<br>Plenary Salon</td></tr><tr><td>Early Afternoon</td><td>Free Time for Luncheon</td></tr><tr><td>Afternoon</td><td>Conference resumes at the Foreign Secretariat Conference Site<br>Plenary Salon</td></tr><tr><td>Evening</td><td>Possible Reception hosted by Secretary and Mrs. Rabasa at the Salon Juarez of the Foreign Secretariat (Dress: Dark suit)</td></tr></table>

6

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
FOR PARTICIPANTS' WIVES

Wednesday, February 20

Evening
Mexican night hosted by the
Regent of the Federal District
at the Hacienda De Los Morales
(Short Dress)

Thursday, February 21

Morning
Inaugural Session of the
Tlatelolco Conference at the
Salon Juarez (Foreign Secretariat)

Late Afternoon
Visit to Chapultepec Castle

Evening
Free

Friday, February 22

Morning
Possible special tour of the
National Museum of Anthropology,
Mexico City

Evening
Free

Saturday, February 23

Late Morning
Possible Charro Festival offered
by National Federation of Charros

Evening
Possible reception hosted by
Secretary and Mrs. Rabasa at the
Salon Juarez of the Foreign
Secretariat (Dress: Dark Suit)

7

[LC]

EMBASSY ESCORT OFFICERS FOR CONGRESSIONAL
ADVISORS TO THE UNITED STATES DELEGATION

<table><tr><td>Senator Mansfield</td><td>Mr. David T. Paton<br>Conference Officer</td></tr><tr><td>Senator Scott</td><td>Mr. Richard W. Teare<br>Political Officer</td></tr><tr><td>Senator McGee</td><td>Mr. Andre C. Simonpietri<br>Scientific Counselor</td></tr><tr><td>Speaker Albert</td><td>Mr. William M. Tappe<br>U.S. Travel Service</td></tr><tr><td>Representative Mailliard</td><td>Col. Stanley P. Converse<br>Assistant Army Attache</td></tr><tr><td>Representative Fascell</td><td>Mr. Francesco J. Alberti<br>Political Officer</td></tr><tr><td>Mr. Francis R. Valeo</td><td>Mr. Edmund M. Parsons<br>Economic Officer</td></tr></table>

DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Executive Secretariat

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

March 7, 1974

SUBJECT: Secretary's Trip to Mexico City, Mexico, February 20-24, 1974

On February 20, 1974, Secretary Kissinger flew to Mexico City to attend the Latin American Foreign Ministers Conference. He returned to Washington on February 24.

The aircraft was MAC VC-137 No. 86970 piloted by Lt. Col. Thomas T. King. The Secretary departed Andrews Air Force Base at 1240 on February 20 and arrived at Mexico City at 1500 local time. He departed Mexico City at 1935 on February 23 and arrived at Andrews Air Force Base at 0015 on February 24.

The passenger list is attached.

cc: S
S/PRS
Each Passenger