# Schlesinger Warns Turks on Arms Aid

## ARMS, From A1

vent the current Greek regime from being driven into a corner, that . . . there is ground for hope that Greece will not withdraw from NATO."

Both Turkey and Greece are members of the alliance.

Asked if the United States would be satisfied with an agreement that stopped the fighting and allowed Turkey to hold its captured land, Schlesinger, cautioning that he was engaging in specula-

tion, said: "I think that if one moves in the direction of federalization, and if that is acceptable to all parties, that the Turks' control of 50 or 55 per cent of the arable land probably is regarded as inappropriate by most objective observers."

Appearing on "Face the Nation" (CBS, WTOP), Schlesinger warned that the United States cannot undergo severe annual cuts in the defense budget and still remain a "first-class military power." He

said a $5.1 billion cut in the voted by the Senate Appropriations Committee goes too deep.

"I have observed the tendencies on the Hill and I suspect that some cuts are inevitable," he said, "but I think that a cut of the depth that has been taken by the Senate Appropriations Committee would be difficult for the nation to live with over the longer period."

### Ribicoff and Kennedy
To Seek Aid Cutoff

WILLIMANTIC, Conn., Aug. 18 (AP)—Sen. Abraham A. Ribicoff (D-Conn.) said today he and Sen. Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) are co-sponsoring a bill to cut off U.S. aid to Turkey.

Ribicoff said in an interview the bill would serve two purposes—bring peace to Cyprus

and curb the cultivation of opium poppies in Turkey.

Ribicoff said the halting of aid to Turkey would "get justice for Greeks and Armenians in Cyprus."

By Tim O'Brien
Washington Post Staff Writer

Charging that Turkish forces have advanced too far in Cyprus, Defense Secretary James R. Schlesinger yesterday said the United States will have to reexamine its military aid programs for Turkey.

"We're understood the desire of the Turks to protect the minority Turkish population," Schlesinger said. "But the Turkish moves at this point have gone beyond what any of its friends or sympathizers would have anticipated and are prepared, I think, to accept."

In a strongly worded criticism of Turkish military action in Cyprus, Schlesinger said the "continued movement of the Turks is posing problems, very severe problems, for the new and democratic regime in Greece, and that is a source of concern to us. We would not want to see that regime left with no honorable option."

Asked about American military support for Turkey, he said: "I think that these questions will have to be examined very seriously in the days and hours immediately ahead."

"I would think that the spill-over of the Turkish forces into areas that no one had expected them to move into is a new element to the problem, and that that we will have to take cognizance of it," he said.

Portraying the U.S. role in Cyprus as that of an "honest broker" between Greece and Turkey, Schlesinger said he remains hopeful that Greece will not carry out its announced decision to withdraw from NATO because of the alliance's failure to stop the advancing Turks.

He said that "if we are able to achieve a settlement that protects the rights of the majority in Cyprus, and we pre-

See ARMS, A16, Col. 1

driveway yesterday morning in front of
Immanuel Episcopal Church on the Hill
in Alexandria.

At 10 a.m., a black limousine bearing
the presidential seal, followed by a car-
load of Secret Service men and a van
full of reporters drove up to the church
door. Cameras clicked and whirred, re-
porters wrote and onlookers waved as
President and Mrs. Gerald R. Ford, con-
gregation members for 20 years, stepped
out of the car.

The President said, "Good morning,
everybody. How are you all?" to the small
crowd. Then the Fords, both of whom
looked uncomfortable at the attention,
took their seats in the church's last pew
under the choir loft.

"Wasn't that a thrill!" said Joyce Segal
after she saw the president. Mrs. Segal,
who took pictures of the President com-
ing and going from Immanuel church
yesterday, said she has been a diligent
Ford watcher since he assumed the pre-
sidency 11 days ago. She lives near the
Ford neighborhood and watches the
President come and go from work every
day.

"He's very friendly. He's very approachable. He waves. He says 'Nice to see you.' He comes and goes like anyone else. It's really thrilling," Mrs. Segal said.

Fords, who are
solemn confin-
g Congregation
Fords' pew, a
the man in
the woman in
with the red
dent and First
Jesus' and
Dols Jr.'s rec
city of Jerus
taken and
people, like
ing away an
As to po


 Congregation
Fords' pew, a
the man in
the woman in
with the red
dent and First
Jesus' and
Dols Jr.'s rec
city of Jerus
taken and
people, like
ing away an
As to pos


The Fords
joined in sin
Jesus" and in
Dols Jr.'s rec
city of Jerus
taken and
people, like
ing away an
After the
of the oth

They listened
Dols Jr. rec-
city of Jerus-
taken and
people, like
ing away an
After the
of the oth

As to pos
 drew a smile
 President wi
 said, "When
 it terrifies
 After the
of the oth

of the other
day's service
velope and
passed around
The usher
dential pew
the plate. A
the Fords f
for the Pre

The ushered
ential pew
the plate. A
the Fords f
for the Pre

Supports Women Priests

Episcopal Lay Official R

SYRACUSE, N. Y., Aug. 18, during a quiet service

Oxford Accepts 'Plumber'

OXFORD, England, Aug. 18 (AP)—David R. Young, a former White House aide who was a member of the “plumbers” unit, has been accepted for graduate studies at Oxford University, a university spokesman said today.

Young, 36, last fall pleaded innocent to California state charges of burglary and conspiracy to commit burglary in the break-in at Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office. The charges were dismissed in March of this year.

A spokesman at Queen's College, Oxford, said Young had been an undergraduate there from 1961 to 1963 before starting work in Washington.

According to the Oxford spokesman, Young is expected to spend a year or two at the university doing research in social studies and American foreign policy.

named in the article continued to be issued yesterday. The Associated Press contacted 15 of the 20 named and all denied the charges.

According to the Star-Telegram, one of the most unusual forms of discrimination occurred in four job orders, three this year, from the office of

can-American, Young said.

* Rep. Bill Nichols (D-Ala.), who said, "We've had blacks on our staff in the past and we would hire one again ... It could be that my former administrative assistant made some sort of racial specification, but I don't know because he's no longer with us."

Turn
spare time
into

Clayton Fritchey

Wash. Post

8/19/74

Elec.

# New Presidents and Foreign Policy

If there seems to be some uneasiness abroad over the sudden change of power in the United States, it probably can be traced not so much to doubts about President Ford as to the fact that nearly all new Presidents have posed problems for the rest of the world.

For more than 50 years, most of our new chief executives have first approached foreign policy in a cautious, conservative, even hard-line frame of mind, suspicious of "foreign entanglements" on the one hand, yet, on the other, often practicing Pax Americana. After being in office for a time, many of them have relaxed and liberalized their policies.

The advent of the Harding administration in 1921, for instance, spelled the end of U.S. participation in the League of Nations and the Wilsonian dream of "saving the world for democracy." Contemporary Americans think of Franklin D. Roosevelt as a supreme internationalist, but he wasn't at the beginning of his long reign.

One of his earliest major acts was to torpedo the famed London Economic Conference, which was called in an effort to relieve the world depression then existing. Nevertheless, FDR ended up as an architect of the United Nations.

Today, Americans admire the late Harry Truman as the leader who sponsored the Marshall Plan, NATO and the Atlantic Alliance. Nonetheless, Truman also is the President who, upon succeeding Roosevelt, promptly killed lend lease and left a war-crippled Europe exposed to communism. Like FDR, however, he later reversed himself.

Even Dwight Eisenhower, who served all over the world, began his

presidency in a cold arm's-length way in the area of foreign policy, notably in allowing Secretary of State John Foster Dulles to threaten Europe with an "agencizing reappraisal" for resisting Washington's views on unification.

The first year or so of John F. Kennedy's presidency was especially disturbing to the rest of the world. Coming to office as a hard-liner and an apostle of bigger arms, he quickly became involved in the disastrous invasion of Cuba, the Vienna confrontation with Khrushchev and U.S. intervention in Vietnam and Laos. He, too, settled down. At his death his proudest achievement was the nuclear test ban treaty with Russia.

From his campaigning in 1964, the world had a right to believe that Lyndon Johnson would liquidate U.S. involvement in Vietnam rather than enlarge it as he did, into a full-scale war just after his inauguration. It was a painful period for America's allies.

The opening days of Richard Nixon's administration were not auspicious either. At his first press conference he pointedly slammed the door on rapportement with Communist China, while calling for bigger and better missiles. Looking back, it seems improbable that this is the President who accomplished detente with both China and Russia and possibly ushered in a "generation of peace."

So, all in all, the rest of the world has good reason to be wary when the United States changes Presidents, for it usually means changes for them, too. Nevertheless, for special reasons, Gerald Ford may turn out to be the exception. There are good reasons for thinking so.

In the first place, he was not elected and, hence, takes over without the burden of restrictive, even reckless, campaign commitments on foreign policy which have sometimes handicapped

other new occupants of the White House.

Moreover, he inherits from Mr. Nixon an ongoing policy that still has a lot of momentum. Mr. Ford obviously recognizes that the policy is esteemed by a public which rightly regards it as effective and successful—at least up to this point.

Finally, in Henry Kissinger he also inherits perhaps the ablest and most admired Secretary of State of his time. Nobody seems to appreciate this more than Mr. Ford, who has gone out of his way to secure the continued services of the Secretary.

In the circumstances, it would seem that our old allies as well as our new detente friends can relax, for Mr. Ford is not likely to rock the Kissinger boat, certainly not in the foreseeable future. The President's most immediate problem centers on the internal debate over the detente with Russia, where there appear to be differences between Dr. Kissinger and Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger over arms agreements, and between Kissinger and Sen. Henry Jackson (D-Wash.) over other aspects of U.S. relations with Moscow.

There is reason to believe, however, that the Kissinger-Schlesinger differences are not as great as reported and will probably be resolved without a public showdown. The Secretary of State is to be a witness at the Senate Foreign Relations Committee debate on detente. His testimony will unquestionably reflect the views of the new President.

Furthermore, it ought to provide some clue as to how Mr. Ford is going to reconcile his ardent lifetime support of the Pentagon (as a representative, the military's wish was his command) with his more recent support of the Nixon-Kissinger detente and its centerpiece, strategic arms limitations.

Columnist Joseph Alsop is on vacation.

© 1974, Los Angeles Times

Kissinger Seeks
To Assure Athens
On Cyprus Issues

8/20/74

By BERNARD GWERTZMAN

Special to The New York Times

WASHINGTON, Aug. 19—Secretary of State Kissinger, seeking to persuade Greece to resume peace talks with Turkey in the Cyprus crisis, pledged today that the United States would use its influence “in any negotiation to take into full account Greek honor and national dignity.”

At a hastily arranged State Department news conference, Mr. Kissinger offered as a negotiating incentive to Athens assurances he received this morning by telephone from Premier Bulent Ecevit that Turkey would be flexible in negotiating demarcation lines between the Greek and Turkish Cypriote communities, would reduce the size of her holdings on Cyprus, and would carry out phased reductions of forces on the island.

## Irritation Over Charges

Moreover, speaking for President Ford, Mr. Kissinger said the United States would insist on "the strict maintenance" of the Cyprus cease-fire, and would press Turkey "to display flexibility and a concern for Greek sensitivities, both in terms of territory and the size of military forces on the island."

But Mr. Kissinger also expressed irritation over repeated charges by Athens that the United States had tacitly supported the Turkish military takeover of one-third of Cyprus and had shown a pro-Turkish

Continued on Page 4, Column 4

THE WASHINGTON POST Tuesday, August 20, 1974

A 9

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Slain Envoy Praised

By Lee Byrd
Associated Press

According to Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger, there wasn't a better officer in the entire Foreign Service than Rodger Paul Davies.

Davies, 53, was killed by a Greek Cypriot mob early yesterday in a gunfire attack upon the U.S. embassy in Nicosia. A former deputy to Kissinger at the State Department, he had been ambassador to Cyprus only a month.

President Ford, who learned of the killing while en route to Chicago, was said to be "shocked and deeply saddened" by it. He immediately dispatched a plane to Beirut to pick up Davies' two children, whose mother died last year after a long illness. Ford mésaged Ann Davies, 20, and her brother, John, 15, that "Mrs. Ford and all our family join with me in sending you both our deepest sympathy on this tragic day ... Your father was a fine offi-

cer whose performance was a great credit to you and to his country."

[In Placerville, Calif., Davies' mother yesterday said that the United States or United Nations should have acted to halt the Cyprus fighthing, United Press International reported.

"I think the United States should have stepped in, I really do," said Kitty Davies, 78, in a televised interview. "I don't believe in war, but I think there could have been something else done."]

Kissinger disclosed that he recently had sent two cables to Davies, one on July 22 and the other on Aug. 10, which paid high tribute to his service. One cited his "steadiness and good judgment" and the other a "magnificent performance ... under the most dangerous and trying circumstances."

As evidence of his sincerity, Kissinger noted that "My associates will tell you

that the highest praise they usually get from me is the absence of criticism."

"The Foreign Service," Kissinger continued, "has produced no better representative."

In his own message to the children, Kissinger said "Your father was loved, respected and admired by all of his colleagues ... You should be proud of him: We are."

Davies, a native of Berkeley, Calif., was the third American since 1968 ambassador murdered while serving abroad. Nine other American embassy officials were killed in the last decade. He was sent to Nicosia after 12 years in other department jobs, none of them as ambassador. The most recent was as a close adviser to Kissinger on the Middle East crisis.

Davies' predecessor as ambassador to Cyprus, Robert J. McCloseky, said "He was one of the gentlest people I ever had the pleasure of knowing."

Couple Had Brief Honey

By Eugene L. Meyer
Washington Post Staff Writer

The bride wore an accoutable Indian-weave dress and turban she had bought in Georgetown and hand-crafted metal earrings purchased from a Connecticut Avenue vendor. The bridegroom wore khaki pants and military style shirt.

The bride's mother cried and, when it was all over, there were lots of smiles, hugs and kisses. But there will be no honeymoon—for a while, anyway.

The bridegroom, George Edward Jackson, Jr., 22, is a prisoner at the D.C. jail, serving a sentence of six months to three years for

grand larceny. Soon, he will be serving his time in a Michigan federal penitentiary.

The couple was married yesterday by the D.C. Superior Court Judge Charles W. Halleck, who sent Jackson to jail. The wedding was held in the judge's chambers. Present were the bride's two children by a former marriage, and mother and two brothers, the bridegroom's mother and brother, and two deputy U.S. marshals.

The bridegroom was taken to the courthouse with other prisoners who had hearings and trials. The bridegroom's day at court, like theirs,

would begin and end in the basement cell block of Superior Court Building B.

"We met on the Rte. 92 bus in March," said the bride, Linda Thomas, 23, a part-time secretary. "I was on my way to my mother's house in Southeast."

Jackson was on parole then from a 1971 burglary conviction. The month before they met, according to indictment papers, a Southeast Washington apartment had been broken into and money, jewelry and other items were stolen. Jackson was charged with the theft.

Last month, Jackson appeared before Halleck to plead guilty to one count of grand larceny in connection with the break-in.

"We were going to get married before he got locked up," the bride said. "Then, that put it off until he would get home. Last week, we decided not to

City and State

Merchant Announces

Council Race Entry

Frank H. Rich, 51, president of Rich's Shoe Stores chain, announced yesterday

unable to attend the public meeting and will be con-

Turkey Hints Return of Some Land,
Pledges Cease-Fire, Kissinger Says

Washk POST 8-20-78

By Murrey Marder

Washington Post Staff Writer

Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger said yesterday that Turkey has told the United States it will cease firing on Cyprus and is prepared to negotiate over the territory it has conquered.

With the Ford administration and Kissinger personally facing stormy pro-Greek demonstrations charging the United States with favoring Turkey, Kissinger addressed that country firmly yesterday in the President's name.

In a press conference statement which he said was issued at the direction of President Ford, Kissinger said that in projected negotiations:

> "... We believe it will be necessary for Turkey, as the stronger power on the ground (in Cyprus), to display flexibility and a concern for Greek sensitivities, both in terms of territory and the size of military forces on the island."

After a telephone conversation yesterday morning with Turkish Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit, Kissinger said, it is his "understanding" that the Cyprus territory held by Turkey "can be reduced in size." Turkey now reportedly holds about 40 per cent of Cyprus, 10 per cent more than last Friday when the United States erroneously expressed confidence that the Turkish advance had ceased.

President Ford and Kissinger expressed shock and grief over the slaying of Ambassador Rodger P. Davies, who was shot to death by anti-Ameri-

See DIPLOMACY, A10, Col. 1

By Ellsworth Davis—The Washington Post

SECRETARY OF STATE KISSINGER

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# U.S. Says Turkey Pledges Cease-Fire [10]

## DIPLOMACY, From A1

can demonstrators in the American
Embassy in Nicosia.

Mr. Ford, addressing the Veterans of Foreign Wars in Chicago, said the 53-year-old career diplomat "gave his life in a foreign war" and made "his supreme sacrifice on behalf of all Americans." The President sent a military plane to Cyprus to bring back Davies' body and to Beirut to return the ambassador's children, Ann, 20, and John, 16. Davies' wife died of cancer last year, and the children were recently evacuated from Cyprus.

The President asked Kissinger to
conduct yesterday's State Department
news briefing on Cyprus personally,
White House officials said, to under-
score American concern over the Cy-
prus crisis and also to show that the
President and Kissinger are in accord
on it. Kissinger has been getting some
of the most bitter attacks in his career
over his month-long policy of "quiet
diplomacy" on Cyprus, which he de-
fended yesterday.

"We are disappointed by the out-
come, by the actions of the parties at
various times on Cyprus," Kissinger
said, but "our judgment was that un-
der the circumstances, that quiet diplo-
macy" would be the most effective
course.

Although Turkish Prime Minister
Ecevit over the weekend praised
American policy and said the United
States "refrained from pressures," Kis-
singer said yesterday that "the United
States made many demarches to Tur-
key to prevent the threatened military
action." Kissinger said the United
States believed "a public statement
would freeze the positions" without
"thwarting a military attack."

Kissinger said the United States gov-
ernment "has the highest regard" for
Greek Prime Minister Constantine
Karamanlis, whose government last
month replaced the Greek military
 junta that supported the July 15 coup
that deposed Cyprus President Makar-
ios.

Denying again that the United
States "tilted" in favor of Turkey, Kis-
singer said, "The situation on Cyprus
tilted toward Turkey, not as a result of
American policy, but as a result of
the actions of the previous Greek govern-
ment which destroyed the balance of
forces as it had existed on the island."
Turkish forces invaded Cyprus on July
20 to undo the coup, then kept moving
to seize territory that Turkey failed to
get in diplomatic bargaining in Ge-
neva. Kissinger yesterday criticized
"the inflexibility of all the parties in
Geneva..." "We understand the frus-
trations of the Greek community," said
Kissinger.

The United States will use its influ-
ence to support "Greek honor and na-
tional dignity," said Kissinger. How-
ever, he said, "We will not be pres-
sured by threat of withdrawal from
the alliance, or anti-American demon-
strations which in any event are to-
tally unjustified by our record."

Greece last week said it was withdraw-
ing its military forces from the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Kissinger said the United States will
insist on "strict maintenance of the
cease-fire on Cyprus," and will support
all negotiating efforts.

He said that "in order not to interna-
tionalize the issues too much," the
United States had chosen to support
Britain as the prime mediator, because
Britain was one of the guarantors of
the 1960 Cyprus independence accord.

British Foreign Secretary James Cal-
laghan is "considering an initiative,
which we shall support" to restart ne-
gotiations, said Kissinger. The United
States was rebuffed by Greece on Fri-
day when it offered to serve as a medi-
ator.

Kissinger said "it is understandable
that Greek emotions run very deep at
this moment," but he said he believes
that on "calmer reflection" the present
democratic government in Athens will
recognize the "deep sympathy" the
United States holds for it.

The current President of Cyprus,
Glasfос Clerides, Kissinger said, tele-
phoned him yesterday morning to ex-
press sorrow over the death of Ambas-
sador Davies whom Clerides described
as "a close personal and very trusted
friend."

Kissinger said he assured Clerides
"that the United States fully under-
stood the lack of responsibility of the
Cyprus government for this tragic
event." He said he told Clerides the
United States will "continue a major
effort to bring about peace," but that
anti-American demonstrations could
only hamper those efforts.

The Cyprus Ambassador to Wash-
ington, Nicos Dimitriou, also lauded
Davies as a close personal friend and
termed his death a "terrible and atro-
cious crime," resulting from "the des-
perate and confused situation" on the
Mediterranean island.

"What has happened in Cyprus," said Dimitriou, with "a nation of 650,000 attacked and invaded by a power of 35 million people" is "a crime against humanity"

Although only 18 per cent of Cyprus'
population is of Turkish origin, said
the envoy, Turkey now holds "40 per
cent and perhaps even more" of Cy-
prus, with the agricultural heartland
that produces about "70 per cent" of
the island's economy.

The ambassador said he "would not
like to be in any way critical of the
State Department," but "Perhaps all
this was underestimated. Perhaps
those who are responsible for running
the foreign affairs of this country . . .
never assessed that Cyprus would be-
come such an enormous world issue."
Turkey, he charged, "has been ignor-
ing everything"—United Nations' reso-
lutions, cease-fire accords, appeals
from its allies.

Kissinger said yesterday that "there
is a limit to what diplomacy can
achieve." He said, "The United States
has never claimed, and could not ac-
cept the proposition, that it must stop

every local war between smaller
states" wherever one occurs.

In response to criticisms about U.S.
failure to cut off American arms aid to
Turkey in order to halt its forces, Kis-
singer said there were two reasons for
that.

First, he said, it was decided that
"such an action would be ineffective"
in stopping Turkish forces. Second, he
said, alluding obliquely to the control-
ling American interest in Turkey's
strategic position on the border of the
Soviet Union, Kissinger said that a cut-
off of aid to Turkey "will have the
most drastic consequences and not just
over a period of time covering a few
days, but over an extended period of
time."

"Short of this," said Kissinger, "we
made the most repeated and urgent
representations to Turkey in order to
prevent the military action that hap-
pened." Turkish sources, however,
have said that they calculated the
United States would not take extreme
action to halt the Turkish landings and
subsequent advances on Cyprus.

Kissinger said yesterday that Turkey
now, in addition to expressing its read-
iness to negotiate on the "demarcation
line" in Cyprus, "will carry out the
provisions of the Geneva agreement
calling for phased reductions of troops
on Cyprus."

Pentagon officials said yesterday
that the United States now has moved
both aircraft carriers of the American
Sixth Fleet into the Eastern Mediterr-
anean, closer to Cyprus, as a matter of
prudence.

Officials said the carrier Forrestal
left its base at Naples to join the car-
rier Independence, an amphibious war-
fare group including the helicopter
carrier Inchon, and the cruiser Little
Rock, flagship of the Sixth Fleet. This
outs about two-thirds of the fleet in
the Eastern Mediterranean.

In Congress yesterday, the slaying of
Ambassador Davies was described by
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Chairman J. W. Fulbright (D-Ark.) as a
"terrible tragedy which is going to exa-
cerbate feelings."

At a committee hearing on the nomi-
nation of career diplomat Jack B. Ku-
bisch to be the new U.S. ambassador to
Greece, U.S. policy in Cyprus was
called "a calamitous failure" by Reps.
John Brademas (D-Ind.) and Paul Sar-
banes (D-Md.). Brademas and Sarbanes
are among a group of congressmen of
Greek origin who previously called for
a cutoff U.S. aid to Turkey.

Yesterday, Rep. Benjamin S. Rosen-
thal (D-N.Y.), chairman of the House
Europe subcommittee, said he will
move to suspend all $242 million in aid
to Turkey despite her pledge to nego-
tiate a halt to military force on Cyprus.

As a temporary replacement for the
slain Ambassador Davies in Cyprus,
Kissinger announced that an unusually
senior diplomat, L. Dean Brown, dep-
uty under secretary for management,
will operate the Nicosia embassy until
a new envoy is designated,

THE WASHINGTON POST,

...

8/21/74

Rowland Evans and Robert Novak

# Cyprus' Military Ramifications

The menacing prospect of an American defense system in southeastern Europe without either Greece or Turkey as fully participating allies is now being examined by top administration strategists as the possible outgrowth of the Cyprus disaster.

It may not come to that. But the fact it is under discussion here dramatizes the Ford administration's drift and helplessness throughout the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.

The Cyprus crisis has pushed Greece out of the NATO military alliance, with the further danger of an anti-American leftist government taking over Athens. If, as seems likely, the U.S. cuts back sharply on military grant aid to Turkey because of Cyprus, Turkey would probably be knocked out of the defense system, too. That, in fact, is the reason why the U.S. at this writing has refrained from moving against the Turks.

"Start a cutback in military aid shipments," one high administration official told us, "and it will be at least 10 years, if ever, before we get back to the status quo ante."

Turkey is one of the prime world benefactors of outright U.S. military aid, now running close to $60 million a year. With Congress already up in arms against the Turkish takeover of an ever-larger chunk of independent Cyprus, a decision by President Ford to cut down on this absolutely essential asset to Turkey's invasion forces would immediately assume a life of its own. Congress would take it as a major policy switch ruling out any further congressional approval of military grant aid for years to come.

That would mean Turkey would have to buy its share of military weapons under the North Atlantic Treaty commitment, imposing an unbearable financial burden on Ankara. Result: the military security of Turkey, squeezed between Russia, its ancient enemy, and Syria, a Soviet military ally, would be mercilessly exposed.

That's why President Ford and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger have been so loath to tamper with the existing arms arrangement. Besides, Kissinger believed Turkish Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit's pledge that once Turkey gobbled up the northeastern third of Cyprus, his forces would stop. Kissinger has pegged all his hopes on that dubious premise. But Ecevit's military commanders, their appetite increasing with conquest, refused to go along.

Thus, Mr. Ford may soon be forced to risk the Turkish alliance by cutting back aid. But by waiting this long in an effort to maintain Turkish ties, the Athens-Washington military relationship has become, if possible, even worse.

To stay in power in the face of humiliating reverses in Cyprus, the new pro-U.S. prime minister just returned from exile Constantine Karamanlis, must act as though the U.S. were his harshest enemy, in league with the hated Turks. To foster that image, Karamanlis renounced his country's military obligations under NATO but is being pressed harder every day to go further: end the bilateral defense relationship with the U.S., close down American defense installa-

tions and in effect terminate Greece's nearly 30-year military alliance with Washington.

With Kissinger and the United States dirty words in Greece, Karamanlis would invite a revolution from the left if he did anything less. Indeed, there is growing concern here that continuation of Turkey's "mopping up" operations in Cyprus might soon encourage left-wing parliamentary leader Andreas Papandreou, also just returned from exile, to move against the prime minister.

Such a dread eventuality has been long warned against by farsighted critics who charted the growth of anti-American sentiment during seven years of military dictatorship in Athens blessed by the Johnson and Nixon administrations.

The extremely delicate political position of Karamanlis, in power and helpless during his country's Cyprus humiliation, has ripened that prospect for the well-financed Greek left—workers, students, intellectuals—as nothing else could have. But even if he does survive, Karamanlis will not be able to quickly resume normal relations with Washington, perhaps not for years to come.

Accordingly, the stage now seems tragically set for permanent, dangerous alteration of America's quarter-century domination of foreign and military policy in Greece and Turkey. What finally takes its place, no one yet knows. But it is now too late to salvage the easy old relationship no matter what happens on the bloody island of Cyprus.

© 1974. Field Enterprises, Inc.