February 18, 1916.

ero so that yfliouut an hlow seori elay edt jadk gniit to balh edt al jadk
Jenlaga woy jodduug hns to

Dear Bert:

al yfliouut ib edt to notjulea jadk edt jadk em of amee a I
has notjulea. Your special delivery letter has just been received, and I
am returning the contract to you with the request that you again read
Article 4. You will see that your analysis has not been correct. The
proposal is not that you pay a commission to the Yale Press in addi-
tion to the expenses of the Yale Press, but that you pay actually
to the Yale Press is the commission which covers such things as travel
eling expenses of their representatives, postage and express, expense
in connection with their work for the book. The statement in Article
4 that you agree to pay the Yale Press for the materials furnished
or services rendered in accordance with said agreements, refers to the
bills that they have got to pay to the printers, etc., after you have
approved of the estimates and bids, etc. I think if you will re-read
the latter part of Section 4, you will see that all you pay to the Yale
Press for its services is the 10 per cent. They usually charge 20 per
cent for the books which they manufacture; but, as I explained in my
former letters, on account of their friendship for the expedition and
their appreciation of what you are willing to do, they agreed to do
this for 10 per cent and so are actually "contributing something".

You are quite wrong in thinking that one of your assistants
could do all the work which they are going to do at an approximate
cost to the Society of $2500, without any further expense to the Soci-
ety. The ten per cent covers all the work they do,-- Their experience
in dealing with publishers, their good taste in manufacturing (as shown
by the way they published Mr. Stokes' Memorials), and their knowledge
of the details of manufacture.

You say you have been expecting daily to receive the speci-
fications requested in your letter of February 9th. Have you not re-
ceived my letter of February 11th which explains why it is quite im-
possible to furnish these specifications? Please read that letter, a
copy of which I enclose, and re-read Section 4 of the contract, and
let me have your views again.

I quite agree with you that the contract ought to give some
protection against bad work by printer, engraver, or paper maker, but

February 21, 1916.

Dear Bert:

Many thanks for stirring up Mr. Cook. Evidently you succeeded,
for a complete set of his prints has been received today.

Erdis arrived safely a day or two ago, so all are now back from
Peru.

Now, I want to ask your advice about incurring the expense in-
volved in the shipment of our collections. A decree has been issued by
the President of Peru, permitting the seventy-four (74) cases containing
bones, potsherd, pots, etc. to be shipped to this country on the condi-
tions in the decree, a copy of which, with the translation, I am enclosing
for your benefit. Owing to the interminable delays and ridiculous hindrances
placed in our way it took several months to get permission for the boxes
to be examined! And then several weeks elapsed before any decree could be
gotten out of the Peruvians. Apparently none would have been received had
it not been for the constant pressure brought to bear by Mr. Morkill in
Lima. Erdis was on the job nearly five months. The collections have not
actually left Lima. It will be possible to stop them if we do not care to
accept the responsibilities and obligations thrust upon us by the decree.
Perhaps it would be well to have your research committee consider carefully,
as soon as possible, these obligations.

The material consists of about twenty-four (24) cases of sherds
of very small value, hardly worth paying the freight on if we must pay it
both ways. Nevertheless they are sherds that I have not seen, which were
collected near Vitcos too late to reach me at Ollantaytambo before I left.
Most of the sherds collected on this expedition were examined at Ollantay-
tambo and left there. The other boxes contain chiefly bones and skulls,
including some very interesting trepanned skulls, and a number of archae-
logical objects of no great value. The decree of the Peruvian Government
is practically a hold-up, for a lot of the material is duplicate material
for which they could have no possible use, and which will merely be thrown
into their cellars or out into the street, and they know it. This decree
is merely a sop to the multitude to show the people how careful the poli-
ticians are of their archaeological treasures.

It may be well to get Mr. Henry White's advice in the matter be-
fore proceeding further. I understand that the material will not leave
Lima before the first of March, so there is time to stop it by cable if we
desire to do so. It is to be shipped on one of W.R.Grace & Company's
through steamers.

Faithfully yours,

This morning I have received a copy from Mr. Bathburn, Assistant Secretary, in charge of the National Museum, in which he says that he cannot recommend the acceptance of the conditions because Dr. Hrdlicka says it would take him nine months to work up the material, and that he would require the services of an expert clerk during that time; and also that they could not furnish us with five hundred copies of the printed report because we do not offer to add anything to the collections of the Museum. I, enclose a copy of this letter.

Evidently the National Museum authorities do not feel that the expense to which we have been put in having ahman spend a large portion of his time making these careful measurements and taking photographs, deserves their cooperation and support, partly because the work is so important that it would require quite a little labor and partly because we "add nothing to the collections of the Museum". Evidently they do not consider the records and photographs and Ford's report on his work as adding anything to the collections of the Museum.

I presume there is little use in going further in this line, although at first I was tempted to take the matter up to Dr. Walcott, who is now considering the proposal I made to him in regard to Heller's collections. I find that Museum people are among the most difficult in the world to have any dealings with. They apparently stew in their own juice such a lot and have so few dealings with human beings that they are not always likely to adopt what seems to the average man as simply common sense. Of course where Museum people have done a lot of teaching and come in frequent contact with students it tends to humanize them very much and put them in an entirely different category.

The point for us to consider now is how to make these valuable measurements of Mr. Ford's available for the advancement of science. I am tempted to offer them to Dr. Ferrie, but I doubt whether he would care to handle them, particularly as his report on the 1912 measurements, which was completed a year ago has not yet been published, a delay due in part to the editor of the American Anthropologist, Have you any suggestions to make? If not, and if you think it advisable to take the matter up to Dr. Walcott, I will proceed at once to make investigations as to who is the best person to approach on this subject, and see what arrangements can be made for getting the results published later.

P.S. I have had no reply as yet to my letters of February 18, 21 and 26th. A further delay in replying to the letter of February 18th may prove expensive.

March 3, 1916.

Dear Bert:

Will you please send to Mr. C. F. Cook of the Department of Agriculture, six (6) tickets to my afternoon lecture and two (2) for the evening lecture; and to Mr. G. B. Gilbert, of the same Department, six (6) tickets for the evening lecture.

Will you please send to Miss Kate Trott, 602 East Capitol Street, three (3) of the best tickets you can procure for the afternoon lecture, Miss Trott and her brother and sister are among my wife's oldest and most revered relatives, and I particularly desire to pay them every possible courtesy. As they are somewhat aged and infirm I think the afternoon lecture will be more agreeable for them than the evening lecture.

I should like also to have two tickets sent to Mr. and Mrs. George Myers, whose address you know better than I and whose desire to go to either the afternoon or evening lecture can readily be ascertained by your secretary if you will be so goog as to give the requisite orders.

I should like to have four tickets sent to my cousin, Mr. Reynolds, of Foster and Reynolds, at the "Ask Mr. Foster" Information Bureau. I am writing to ask them whether they would prefer the afternoon or evening lecture.

I should like also to have two tickets sent to Dr. and Mrs. William G. Erving for whichever lecture you have most spare tickets.

This, I believe, concludes my list.

March 6, 1916.

Dear Bert:

I am just in receipt of a long letter from Dr. Walcott, en-
closing a report from Mr. Stejneger, Head Curator of the Department of
Biology of the National Museum, relative to the collections made by
Heller. Evidently there has been considerably oral misunderstanding be-
tween Heller and the Museum authorities. I can understand this, knowing
Heller's somewhat haphazard method of talking. The matter is somewhat
confused by Heller's recent statement to me that he wanted to go to China
in about four months, but could finish working up the collections before
he starts for China. I rather doubt his ability to do so. At all events
the meat in the coconutnut is as follows:

The Museum authorities are apparently unwilling for Heller to
have access to the collections which he has made. They want him to prepare
merely the popular report, with field notes and an account of the habits
of the mammals, based on a preliminary determination of generic and smaller
groups, to be made in the National Museum "by members of the Museum staff
who are accustomed to the routine of research and caring for collections".

It further appears from Stejneger's report that Miller has now
decided that the technical report on the mammals cannot possibly be written
in this country, on account of the importance of the collection, and that
the only place where the proper facilities exist is in the British Museum.
Accordingly they desire Mr. Oldfield Thomas, whom they consider the greatest
living authority on South American mammals, to do the work. Mr. Stejneger
adds: "It goes without saying that in the meantime no other technical work
on the collection must be attempted, much less published by Mr. Heller".

Please take this up with Dr. Mählmann at once, and then talk it
over with Dr. Walcott. In the meantime I have written Dr. Walcott intimat-
ing that the suggestion did not appear to me to be quite a fair one as far
as Heller is concerned, and further telling him that while we mentioned the
duration of time as three or four months, we were prepared to pay a salary
for as long as it was necessary in working up the collections.

Heller is a queer person, one of the kind that will not be
bound down to written agreements. He makes oral agreements somewhat too
readily, and is altogether too haphazard.

March 4, 1916.

My dear Bert:-

The last album goes off to you today. There
are only a half dozen or so of pictures marked in it that
I think it would be well to use. There are one or two
more maps which will be done in a few days and I hope you
can find room for them. I am awaiting with interest your
comments on the character of the material presented in the
report.

A letter just received from Heller tells me that
he now wants the collection to go to Dr. Merriam. A
letter arrived from Dr. Walcott a few days ago, stating that
he expected the collections to go to the National Museum
as originally planned. I am now writing him suggesting
that perhaps it would be just as satisfactory if they went
to the Biological Survey where they will be equally access-
ible.

The report on the spiders collected on the Yale
Expedition in 1911 has just been published at Harvard. You
will be amused to note that they make no mention anywhere
in the report of the director of that expedition. I confess
it is rather discouraging, but I do not feel greatly worried
about it, even though it would have been pleasant had they
said a little more about the expedition. The truth is I
put all the animals collected in 1911 in charge of Professor
Foote. I am doing my best to see that all reports of the
expedition under joint auspices come to me in proof before
they finally go to the publisher, but must admit that the
scientists are an aggravating crowd to deal with.

Referring to your letter of March 22nd, when will
it be convenient for you to let us have the appropriation-
of five thousand dollars requested for 1916? Can we have
it before the first of May?

National Geographir Society

WASHINGTON, D. C.

GILBERT H. GROSVENOR, DIRECTOR AND EDITOR

March 4, 1916

Professor Hiram Bingham,
Yale University,
New Haven, Conn.

Dear Hi:

I telegraphed you this morning as follows:

"Conference advisable here regarding Heller report. Can you be in Washington next Wednesday or Thursday? Geographic banquet March 7 will be telephone evening and most interesting. Hope you and Mrs. Bingham can be present. We could have conference next day."

This afternoon I received your letter about the Heller matter and believe that the most satisfactory and quickest solution of the difficulty will be obtained if you can come down here. I am very much incensed at the attitude of the Museum. The National Geographic Society spends thousands of dollars for a collection for them, only to be treated in this "Czar-like" manner. Any other museum in the country would have jumped at such an opportunity. It looks to me very much like malicious persecution of Heller. As you are the Director of the Expedition, I think it would be better for you to handle the proposition, though I have no hesitation in tackling the job. In fact, I have already told Stejneger what I think of the whole business.

On Tuesday evening we shall have the annual banquet of the National Geographic Society. We shall hear conversations with San Francisco, Seattle, El Paso, St. Augustine and Montreal, and also have the first public demonstration of long distance wireless telephony. The evening marks the fortieth anniversary of Mr. Bell's telephone patent. We are going to have a most notable gathering, which I believe you and Mrs. Bingham would enjoy. Can't you both come down to it?

The next day we could have a conference and settle up the matter of Heller, and also the question of the book. Instead of paying the $2000 commission to the Yale Press, I should much prefer to put this amount into extra pictures for the book or into extra fine paper. The commission seems to me an unnecessary expense.

I regret the delay about your book, but the more I think of it the more disinclined I am to make the proposed arrangement with Yale Press

National Geographic Society
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Prof. Bingham

-2-

March 4, 1916

I would rather you would decide the matter referred to in
your letter of February 21. I am sure we shall stand behind your decision.

I will be very glad to send out the tickets for your lecture as
per your letter of March 3.

I especially hope you can fit your plans to be here March 7.

G:B

I wish I could say more about my plans, but I am afraid I must stop here. I will continue next week, and I hope you will be able to hear me then. I am sure you will be pleased with what I have done so far, and I hope you will be as pleased as I am with the results. I think you will be very pleased indeed.

March 9, 1916.

as of course I will not attempt to say more than has already been said.

Name of person evoked: Bagdad

Dear Bert:

I am so pleased to hear from you.

For your information I am enclosing copies of my letters to Dr. Walcott and Mr. Heller. I think we can get out of this mess all right. It certainly was decidedly worth while to go to Washington and get at the inside history of some of it. I hope you can keep Dr. Merriam and Dr. Coville from going up in the air at a decision which must seem to them like a repudiation of their advice at the morning conference. Heller's popular stuff is extraordinarily good and will be one of the best things in the Magazine. It was

It was very good of you to invite us to the dinner and allow us to say we enjoyed it hugely. Like the other dinner that I attended (the North and South Pole dinner) it was a real dinner, one to be remembered for a long time, and not merely an 'annual banquet'. I have just

I have just been talking with Mr. Hackett, who tells me that he can go to Washington any day next week and will telegraph you accordingly. I shall be interested to know how he impresses you. Personally I believe him to be one of the best informed publishers that I have ever known. He has had a wide experience and has high standards of artistic excellence. There are two reasons why, personally, I am anxious that your original aquiescence in my proposal that the Yale Press publish the book should stand. One is that as their offices are just across the street from mine it will greatly facilitate work on the book and avoid all the delays and misunderstandings that arise from correspondence where personal conferences cannot be had frequently and without delays; and second (and this is even more essential than the other), because I believe so heartily in Hackett's good taste and remarkable artistic sense. Look at the generally appearance of that little book, the "Journeys to Bagdad", an inexpensive little thing and yet done in such a manner as to appeal to one's sense of what is delightful in book making.

Nobody makes any money out of the Yale Press; in fact Mr. Day, the President, has personally put in a great many thousands of dollars in getting it on its feet with no hope of ever getting any personal recognition. The Yale Press is, in fact, closely tied up with the University in every way, except that the University is under no financial liability in case the Press falls. It can publish no books under its own imprint without the approval of the faculty committee on publication, an approval which is distinctly more than a form, as the record of rejections shows. I have no desire, however, to press the matter any further, and

(COPY)

March 21, 1916.

Dear Bert:

You have a copy of my letter of March 9th
to Dr. Walcott. To this he now replies:

"The proposition you now make regarding
the working up of the mammals involves certain arrange-
ments in which the Smithsonian Institution would not con-
sider itself justified in participating, and I, therefore,
feel that it would be better to return to your suggestion
of March 2, allowing Mr. Heller to take the collection
of mammals to New York for determination."

After the experience I had on my last visit to Washington, I
hesitate to take final action without talking things over with
you and Dr. Walcott, and finding out just what the trouble
lies. If you approve of this idea, will you arrange for a
conference on Saturday morning?

Thank you for arranging for a room for me at
the Cosmos Club. I have an engagement here in New Haven for
Thursday evening, so shall not be able to leave New Haven un-
til eight o'clock Friday morning. That train is due to get to
New York at 9:44 and this ought to allow me plenty of time to
get the 10:08, which reaches Washington at 3:20. If it is
late, I can get the 11:08 which reaches Washington at 4:20. As
I understand the lecture is not until 4:45, this ought to give
me plenty of time to get to the lecture, if I dress on the
train. I am sorry there is no longer a night train between
here and Washington,

March 22, 1916

Dear Hi:

Replying to your letter of March 21, I am sure our Research Committee will be glad to make you the appropriation of $5000 requested for 1916. This contribution, of course, to be entirely apart from the appropriation required for the publication of your book.

I had a very satisfactory talk with Mr. Hackett, of the Yale Press, last week. He is getting up a more complete dummy. I believe we can make an arrangement that will be agreeable to all parties. We both want to call the book "The Lost City of the Incas." You can put Machu Picchu in as a sub-title.

I got Heller to help me trapping a short time ago. We have practically driven all the mice and rats off our farm as a result of his directions.

You and Mrs. Bingham and Mrs. Mitchell are most generous in your support of this Peruvian work. Your family for several generations will, I am confident, be very proud of your investment in that work.

I shall be glad to see you Friday.

G:B

March 30, 1916.

Dear Bert:

The albums are going to you by express tonight as agreed. I have marked in blue those pictures that seem to me most desirable or most interesting. If you will have proofs made of the pictures you desire to use in the Magazine, and will send me the proofs as you did before, I will then arrange the proofs in the desired order and prepare the titles for the pictures. It is not intended to use for the pictures the brief titles given in the albums which are merely for purposes of identification. The

The manuscript will be mailed to you on Friday, March 31st, as agreed. It will probably not contain Cook's envelope on subsequent Agriculture, which we have not received, nor one or two stories from Heller which I asked him some time ago to prepare, but which, in his daudling way, he has not done, preferring to do something else. The manuscript as sent you will contain approximately 55,000 words. There are at least 300 (possibly 400) fine pictures which might well be used in illustrating the articles. It appears to me as though hypnotically I had supplied enough material for two whole numbers of the Geographic, instead of merely for one.

Please have your secretary send me as soon as possible a list of the pictures you have selected so that if you omit any that I am particularly anxious to use, I may take the matter up with you at once.

In addition to the pictures in the albums I am sending you a few separately mounted on cardboard, including those we selected from Mr. Cook's pictures, that are not in the albums. There are a few of Heller's zoological pictures that have only just arrived from Eastman today. Accordingly I have not had time to have them labeled and make selections from them to illustrate Heller's stories. But I shall do this within a day or two.

Faithfully yours,

Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Esq.,
Washington, D.C.

CONVERSATION OVER THE TELEPHONE WITH MR. GROSVENOR IN WASHINGTON.

APRIL 14, 1916.

"Yes."

"Hello Bert."

"Good morning."

"Yes; I can hear you."

"Yes; I know it."

"Yes."

"How many pages did you say it was going to take ?"

"Yes; you don't want more than twenty thousand words."

"What is that ?"

"Yes; you would not have more than seventeen thousand words for the magazine, but would keep the whole thing in its present form and get it out in book shape later."

"What is that ?"

"All right - yes."

"Not at all."

"First rate."

"I had to telegraph to the Smithsonian to send those collections here. You know they made it impossible for the Biological Survey to keep them; going to send them to New Haven and have Heller do the work here."

COPY

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.

April 28, 1916

My dear Mr. Grosvenor:

Yours of April 25th, in re Peruvian mammal collection, received.

I have just had a talk with Mr. Heller, and he now understands that our not dealing with him direct was chiefly due to Dr. Bingham's early insistence that we treat with him (Bingham) as leader of the expedition and not with a subordinate.

That the main contention of the Museum zoologists was that the collection be standardized by Mr. Oldfield Thomas, of the British Museum, by comparison with the types in that Museum, and as a condition that no technical report be previously published; and that if this arrangement was not satisfactory to Dr. Bingham, the Museum, in view of what has taken place, does not want to have anything to do with the report and its publication;—

That the Museum, when the report is made, would be glad to receive and care for the collection as originally contemplated, as it is regarded as a very valuable collection for the Museum.

Mr. Heller, under date of April 20th, in writing to me in relation to the matter, stated:

"The only request in my behalf, I believe, which has been asked for by Dr. Bingham and Mr. Grosvenor, has been the privilege of classifying a few of the larger mammals in which I am especially interested." (Mr. Heller explains to me that by "a few of the larger mammals" he meant half a dozen ungulates and possibly as many large carnivores, which he possibly might wish to now identify and name if new forms.)

I told him that the trouble was that neither Dr. Bingham nor yourself, nor anyone else, had requested such a thing, but that if they had, there would probably have been no objection on the part of the Museum.

Mr. Heller's attention was called to the memorandum of February 24th with regard to the report on the Peruvian mammals, in which was pointed out the desirability of having two reports, an early report by Mr. Heller based chiefly

2

(Dr.C.D.Walcott) April 28,1916

on the collector's field notes on the habits, etc., of the animals, and later
a technical report to be brought out by the Museum in such manner as it might
demain to be consistent with the importance of the collection.

He now thinks that a paper containing his report on the environment,
habits, etc., of the mammals based on his field notes and examination of the
collection, would probably be more useful if published simultaneously with the
report by Mr. Oldfield Thomas, of the British Museum, on the identification of
the species, and in this I agree with him. He expressed the hope that the
collection would eventually come here, and agreed that next to having Mr. Miller
personally make the comparison with the types in London, the ideal arrangement
would be to have Mr. Thomas do it. He also expressed the hope that the pres-
ent difficulty would be smoothed over on the lines indicated in this letter,
and in this I fully agree with him. Mr. Heller understands that the Museum
is barred from dealing with him directly without Dr. Bingham specifically
authorizing him to negotiate on this basis.

The collection is a valuable and important one and would be a notable
accession to the mammal collections from South America, and I would feel per-
sonally very grateful to the National Geographic Society for having had the
material collected and presented to the Nation. This, of course, applies to
the other portions of the collection as well as the mammals.

In accordance with the request contained in yours of April 25th, the
boxes containing the mammal collections are held subject to your order. I
will have them delivered to the National Geographic Society building if you
so wish, or we will arrange to have the collection sent to the British Museum
for identification.

(SIGNED) C. D. WALCOTT

May 3, 1916

Dear Hi:

I don't understand your statement in your letter of May 2nd: "Frankly, I find it difficult to accept the situation as it now appears to be outlined."

I do not think you realize the botch that has been made of the Heller matter. Although the National Geographic Society has been paying his salary, a large portion of his time this winter has been wasted, owing to the fact that you, as Director of the National Geographic Society-Yale University Expedition, did not make a contract with the Museum beforehand.

I was not at all anxious to enter into the controversy that has arisen between you and the Museum officials, which has assumed much bitterness, judging from their expressions, but I have given you my assistance, at your own solicitation last winter.

You will remember that I telephoned you before I sent my letter to Mr. Walcott stating that we would send for the collections, and that you fully agreed with the steps taken.

I send you enclosed a draft of a letter which I had completed after consultation with Dr. Merriam and Coville. I wish you would revise it to suit your views and return it as soon as possible, as Heller leaves for China in early June, and several months of valuable time have been lost.

G:P

May 3, 1916

Prof. Bingham

Later:

I have just had a telephone conversation with Dr. Walcott.
Time is getting so short that I have decided to send this letter as
it is.

As I understand the situation, Heller has sent you con-
siderable popular material -- much more than we can print in the
magazine, but it seems to me that the material not printed in the
Magazine should come out in a special pamphlet probably printed by
the National Geographic Society. He advises me that he has much
other material, field notes, etc., practically in shape for publica-
tion or which will be ready before he leaves. I would suggest, in
order to save time, that you return Heller's unused material to me
so that I may hand it to him to combine with the material on which
he is now engaged.

G.H.G.

G:B

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
GILBERT H.GROSVENOR, DIRECTOR AND EDITOR

May 3, 1916

Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary,
Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C.

My dear Dr. Walcott:

Your letter of April 28, in reference to the Peruvian collections made by Mr. Heller for the National Geographic Society-Yale University Expedition, is received.

We note with pleasure your statement that Mr. Heller's mammals are "regarded as a very valuable collection for the Museum." The National Geographic Society went to great expense in making these collections, having paid Mr. Heller's salary of $250 a month, beginning February 1, 1915, to June 10, 1916, also traveling expenses from Washington to Peru and back, all his expenses in the field, and all freight charges on the collections. The amount invested in these collections, as detailed above, is approximately $6,000.

Mr. Heller had the advantage of being on the staff of an expedition which had been working for several years in Peru and which had made all the arrangements for his transportation and commissariat while in Peru, so that none of Mr. Heller's time was required for these details.

Mr. Heller's operations were confined to the Urubamba watershed, from the source of the river at La Raya Pass, where he collected guanacos and vicunas at altitudes of 15,000 and 16,000 feet, down to the great bend of the river in the low, hot Amazonian forests at 1,800 feet altitude. Several of the tributary streams of the Urubamba were explored, so that practically the whole watershed was examined. Dr. Bingham gave every assistance in furthering the natural history work, and supplied Mr. Heller with an excellent camp equipment, with pack and riding mules and with three excellent men (a packer, a Peruvian soldier) who remained with him throughout the trip, besides Indian hunters and beaters whenever necessary. The soldier was obtained by Dr. Bingham through the courtesy of the Peruvian Government, and his presence put an official stamp on Mr. Heller's work and made dealings with the people of the country at all times possible and convenient.

Nearly all Mr. Heller's collecting stations were suggested by Dr. Bingham, who knew the country and the facilities it had to offer, so that Mr. Heller was thus able to avoid making mistakes or wasting time by delays, which are the usual lot of travelers in South America.

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, D.C.
GILBERT H. GROSVENOR, DIRECTOR AND EDITOR

May 3, 1916

2. Dr.C.D.Walcott

Mr. Heller advises me that he had "never traveled with an
expedition which was supplied with so excellent an outfit and food as
Dr. Bingham provided for the Peruvian expedition, and if he were at
any time to do further field work in South America, I should take with
me an identical outfit."

Mr. Heller brought back:

(1) Approximately 900 specimens of mammals, representing
approximately 80 species; one hundred and fifty (150) specimens are
of *Caenolestes*, a rare marsupial, the only living member of a large
family, now fossil in Argentine and the United States. This rare
marsupial was previously known by six specimens, one from Ecuador and
five from Colombia. In the collection is also a rare tree raccoon,
*Bassaricyon*, known from Ecuador (one specimen) and a few others from
Central America. Judging from the presence of such rare forms, the
collection may contain a large per cent of new races or species.

(2) Seven hundred (700) specimens of birds, representing approximately 400 species, some of which are tinamous, seed-snipes, curassows, guans, pigeons, doves, trogons, mot-mots, toucans, hummingbirds, woodpeckers, goat-suckers, parrots, swallows, jacauars, wood-hewers, ant-thrushes, tanagers, finches, flycatchers, warblers, wrens, ducks, geese, plovers, gulls, hawks, owls, herons, moor-hens.

(3) Approximately 200 specimens of reptiles.

(4) Approximately 100 specimens of fishes.

Our understanding is that the reptiles and fishes, which have
been forwarded to Mr. Thomas Barbour, of the Peabody Museum, are to be
classified and described by Mr. Barbour, and that the birds, which have
been forwarded to Mr. Frank M. Chapman of the American Museum of Natural
History, are to be classified and described by Mr. Chapman.

Mr. Frank M. Chapman writes me regarding Heller's birds as
follows:

"Heller's collection, made between altitudes of 14,000 and 1,800 feet, contains representative forms from all four life zones of the Colombian Andes, and shows that the region in which he worked is one of great faunal interest. It therefore at once occurred to me after seeing the collection what if I could visit the country in which the collection was made and at the same time add some material to it, I should then be in a position to gain much information at first hand, and to prepare a paper which would be of far greater value than one based merely on a study of so many bird-skins."

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
GILBERT H. GROSVENOR, DIRECTOR AND EDITOR

May 3, 1916

3. Dr. G.B. Walcott

Dr. Chapman is sailing for Peru and Bolivia on May 7 to make, on behalf of the American Museum of Natural History, certain ethnological studies around Lake Titicaca, etc. The National Geographic Society has made him a special grant of $1,000, so that he may proceed to the Urubamba Valley and supplement Heller's collections.

Regarding the mammals, we approve your recommendation that there be two reports on the Peruvian mammals:

(1) A paper by Mr. Heller "containing his report on the environment, habits, etc., of the mammals based on his field notes and an examination of the collection," and

(2) A technical report by Mr. Oldfield Thomas of the British Museum on the identification of the species.

In this connection I beg to remind you that the principal object of Dr. Hiram Bingham and the National Geographic Society in making Mr. Heller a member of the staff of our Peruvian Expedition was to secure collections for the National Museum. Dr. Bingham, during 1913, 1914, had been conducting very successful explorations for the National Geographic Society and Yale University, principally in the Urubamba watershed, and had such a complete organization that a biological survey was possible in 1915 at a minimum of expense. The National Geographic Society, for a botanical survey, offered similar facilities to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, who detailed two members of its staff, Messrs. O. F. Cook and G. B. Gilbert, to accompany Professor Bingham's expedition. The National Geographic Society paid most of the expenses of Messrs. Cook and Gilbert and provided them with assistants and commissionariat, the same as it had provided Mr. Heller, but the Department of Agriculture paid the salaries of these two men while in the field. The Department of Agriculture has been very much impressed by the results secured.

gratified

We are very pleased indeed that the Museum finds Mr. Heller's collection "a valuable and important one," and that it "would be a notable accession to the mammal collections from South America," and I can assure you, on behalf of Professor Bingham and the National Geographic Society, that the Expedition will have great pleasure in presenting all this valuable material to the National Museum as soon as the necessary classifications and descriptions of the material have been made.

Inasmuch as you have granted Mr. Heller permission to consult his specimens at the National Museum, there is no reason for having them brought to the National Geographic Society buildings. There has been so much delay in arriving at this decision, and the time of departure of Mr. Heller for China is so near, that we assume the curator of mammals will be willing to assist Mr. Heller in identifying the specimens that are accompanied by important field notes.

(COPY)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

Washington D.C.

May 4, 1916.

Mr. Gilbert H. Grosvenor,
Director and Editor,
National Geographic Society,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Mr. Grosvenor:

In reply to your letter of May 3 relative to the mammal
collection of the Peruvian Expedition, I beg to express my great
satisfaction that you approve of my recommendation that there be
two reports on the Peruvian mammals, one by Mr. Heller on the en-
vironment, habits, etc., and a technical one by Mr. Oldfield Thomas
on the identification of the species. From the tenor of your re-
marks I take it that the detailed specifications contained in my
letter of April 28 are satisfactory to you.

Acting on this understanding I have given instructions
that Mr. Heller be given the necessary facilities at once for carry-
ing out his share of the arrangement, and also that the specimens be
kept and cared for until he has completed his work, which I under-
stand will be about June 1. I will also communicate with Mr. Oldfield
Thomas as soon as possible asking him officially to favor us with the
technical report, a subject which of necessity hitherto has been brought
to his attention only in an informal way. If in any way I have mis-
understood you please notify me at once.

In conclusion permit me to say, that the Museum from the be-
ginning has fully realized the very great value of the collection so
forcibly called to my attention in your letter. As a matter of fact,
it was the realization of its very exceptional scientific interest
which inspired the Museum authorities with the desire to have it re-
ported upon only in a manner which should be commensurate with its
importance. With a less valuable material the Museum would not have
felt the same responsibility.

May 22, 1916

My dear Hi:

I haven't mailed you the proofs because we have had
such a time with your article. At least twenty-five people
have read it, and everyone has made the same report---that it
should be very much curtailed. This is now being done.

At least three-fourths of the article is a repetition
of what was contained in the article printed in 1915 or in 1913,
but not nearly so well stated. Our readers are supposed to re-
member what is printed in a magazine for at least five years, and
it is safe to say that at least 50 percent of our subscribers keep
every number, which is another reason why we have to be particular
against reprinting.

I can't help feeling that you have not done your best in
this article. It is full of phrases like "peculiarly difficult job"
and many other instances of bad writing.

All this makes me very nervous about the book. We simply
can't put $10,000 into the book unless it is a masterpiece.

I have tried to get you on the telephone this morning but
am advised that you are out of town.

Cook has delivered to me a remarkable paper summarizing
his botanical explorations.

G:B

May 30, 1916.

Dear Bert:

I have been working hard to try and make the report over to please you. Judging from the marks in the manuscript and the nature of the criticisms that have been made, I have come to the conclusion that if you had had the time to do the editorial work on this, as you did on my first big report in 1913, we should have had no trouble. Whoever edited this may be an excellent writer and editor of the kind of stuff that goes into Sunday supplements, but he lacks your appreciation of the value of trying to describe the Expedition in which the members of the National Geographic Society take a personal interest. Furthermore, I now realize that it is perfectly impossible for me to please such a critic, although I have no doubt of being able to please you if I can get you to read my story unprejudiced by silly journalistic criticism. Some of the very best stuff in the report has been cut out.

I have lectured enough on Peru, and talked with enough people who have read about our expeditions, to feel sure that the judgment of your assistant is very seriously at fault. I feel so strongly about this, that I am unwilling to do any more work on it unless I can deal directly with you. I respect your judgment, but not that of your assistant. Perhaps you are right in accusing me of letting my assistants write too much of this report; but I also feel sure that there is no hope of my being able to please your assistants, nor any use in my trying. If you value my friendship and care for my future cooperation, please drop whatever else you are doing, as I have had to do, and give your own undivided attention to this problem. Otherwise we shall continue to work at cross purposes.

Faithfully yours,

National Geographir Society

WASHINGTON, D. C.

June 12, 1916

Dear Hi:

I hope you will be pleased with the appearance of your
article in the current magazine, copy of which will go forward to
you about the end of this week. I spent many hours polishing your
article and also re-arranging certain portions. I have only one
regret, namely, that the rotagравure pictures do not come until
after your article. These 16 pages of rotagравure were sent to
the engraver in March, as the process of engraving and printing
is very slow, so I was obliged to calculate the page numbers. When
I sent them I allowed 46 pages preceding these pictures for your
article and illustrations. As it turned out, your article took
only 43 pages. However, every photograph is probably credited to
you (with the exception of one).

I concluded that it was better to print Cook's article
in the same issue as yours so that the entire Magazine is devoted
to our National Geographic Society--Yale University expeditions.

You will note that we have spared no expense in making
your third article on the Peruvian work as attractive as possible.
The panorama of Sacsahuaman will cost $4,000. and then the rotagравure
pictures involve as much more extra cost.

I am planning to motor from here to Amherst, leaving here
on July 5, and shall hope to stop by and see you all.

With cordial regards, and hoping you have entirely recovered
from the Chicago Convention, and with congratulations that the country
is saved from any more Roosevelt hysteria, I remain

G:B

June 20, 1916.

Dear Bert:

We shall not be in New Haven in July,
but expect to be at our farm in Salem, Conn.,
at that time. I wish you might find it pos-
sible to motor to Amherst by way of Saybrook,
Lyme, Hamburg, North Plain, and Norwich, in
which case you would pass close to our camp,
and we might have the pleasure of giving you
and your family a picnic lunch. If there is
any possibility of this, do let me know so
that I may give you full details.

Many thanks for your kindness in send-
ing me twenty-five copies of the May number,
which have reached me safely.

Faithfully yours,

John Kennedy
HON. M. CAN. SOC. C. E. M. INST. C. E.
M. AM. SOC. C. E.
Consulting Engineer
MONTREAL

57 COMMON STREET

MONTREAL,

July 6th. 1916.

The National Geographical Society,

Hubbard Hall,
Washington. D.C.
U.S.A.

Dear Sirs:-

In the N.G. M. on page 439, there is a general discussion
of "Rations" used by the Peruvian Expedition of 1915. I would like you
to kindly send me a more detailed list of the quantity and kind of
provisions which composed the weekly ration boxes described.

I have been a member of the National Geographical Society
for a number of years and have introduced several other members and
have paid the annual fees for some years past. I presume on this as
giving me the privilege to trouble you with this request.

Thanking you in advance,

Per....

JOHN E. PILLSBURY, VICE PRESIDENT
O. P. AUSTIN, SECRETARY
JOHN JOY EDSON, TREASURER

O. H. TITTMANN, PRESIDENT
GILBERT H. GROSVENOR, DIRECTOR AND EDITOR

JOHN OLIVER LAGORCE, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
FRED'K. B. FICHELBERGER, ASSISTANT TREASURER
GEORGE W. HUTCHISON, ASSISTANT SECRETARY

P

August 14, 1916

Miss Blanche M. Eberly,
% Professor Hiram Bingham,
Yale University,
New Haven, Conn.

Dear Madam:

Your letter of August 10th, enclosing copy of
Mr. Chapman's letter to Professor Bingham, is received
in Mr. Grosvenor's absence, but will be brought to his
attention on his return, in October.

Thanking you for your letter and the enclosure,

I am

P

August 21, 1916

Miss Blanche M. Eberly,
% Prof. Hiram Bingham,
Yale University
New Haven, Conn.

Dear Madam:

I beg to acknowledge receipt of copy of
Mr. Frank M. Chapman's letter of July 26th, from Cuzco,
to Dr. Bingham, and will bring it to Mr. Grosvenor's attention
on his return in the fall.

Thanking you for forwarding the letter, I am

November 28, 1916.

My dear Bert:-

You will remember that we eventually succeeded
in bringing back from Peru on the last expedition, some
seventy-four boxes of potsherd s, bones and a few archaeological
objects of interest to science, but nothing of value. Many
months elapsed after this permission was given, because, owing
to the war, no space could be found in any steamers for their
being shipped. Thanks to the courtesy of Messrs. W. R. Grace &
Company, they were eventually shipped and were received here
during the latter part of the summer.

The more valuable part of the collection is made
up of the skeletal remains, which I offered to the National
Museum for study. They cannot accept them, however, unless
they are to become their property. Now they do not belong
to us, but to the Peruvian Government, who allowed us to
take them out of the country on condition that they be
returned in eighteen months. Owing to the great delays
that were occasioned in Peru, the first six months expired
before the boxes reached us, and the entire term ends in
August 1917. Acting on a suggestion from the Smithsonian
Institution I have been endeavoring for the past few months
to secure permission from the Peruvian Government for the
bones at least to remain in this country and become the
property of our National Museum. Messrs. Grace & Company
have been kindly using their good offices in this regard,
but I have just received a letter from them informing me that
the Peruvian Government will probably object to such an
arrangement. It is suggested, however, that a written
application be presented to the Peruvian Government through
our State Department, applying for an extension of the term
allowed. Messrs. Grace & Company feel that it would be
extremely inadvisable to make any effort to obtain permanent
cession of the bones, even though there is no law in Peru
forbidding their exportation. The whole matter could so
easily be used as a pretext by the political enemies of the
present Government and the yellow press of Lima, that it is
doubtful whether any good would come from this attempt. The
matter has assumed a very large importance in the eyes of the
Peruvians, who feel that we are trying to rob their country
of its treasures.

I wish you would talk the matter over with Dr. Erdlicka and Dr. Holmes, and see whether you think it is worth while to attempt to save the skeletal remains. They include about twenty fine specimens of trepanning, besides the most remarkable instance of trepanning of which we have knowledge, namely a skull with five holes. I am almost tempted to let the Preuvians "whistle for it", but I suppose that would not be fair to any future work that the National Geographic Society might try to do in Peru. If only Pezet were still Peruvian Minister we might accomplish something, but on the whole, I fear the game is not worth the candle. My suggestion is that the collection of skulls be turned over to the best anthropologist in this vicinity that is willing to handle it, on the condition that it is to go back to Peru in the near future.

By the way, have you seen Ferris's monograph on the Indians of Guzco and Apurimac? I think you will be pleased with it. It is a fine, scholarly piece of work and the conditions imposed by your offer to pay for the cost of the Memoirs have been faithfully carried out. In accordance with your desire that a note, stating that the expense involved in the publication of this Memoir has been assumed by the National Geographic Society, be placed at the foot of the first page of the text, this has been done exactly as you requested. As soon as we receive them, one hundred copies will be sent you in accordance with your request.

With kind regards,

Faithfully yours,

Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Esq.,
National Geographic Society,
Washington, D.C.

December 1, 1916.

Dear Bert:-

Since the receipt of your letter this morning, I have seen
President Hadley and made arrangements with him whereby the skeletal
material will be studied in time to allow of its return to Peru in
accordance with the letter of our agreement with the Peruvian Government.
Your suggestion about plaster casts being made of the more remarkable
skulls is a good one and I will see that it is carried out. Would you
like to have two or three of the more remarkable for the Geographic
Society? I suppose duplicates might readily be made.

I want to take up with you the question of our topographer
on the last expedition, Mr. Clarence F. Maynard. He graduated from the
University of Syracuse with a degree of C.B. some four years ago and spent
a year or two in railroad work in western Canada before he went to Peru
with us on the last expedition. His work was entirely satisfactory.
He is anxious to devote his life to scientific exploration. He has the
requisite training for making excellent reconnaissance maps of unexplored
territory. Needless to say he is not as good a draftsman as Bumstead;
at the same time he is a good draftsman and is about to complete the office
work connected with the mapping of ruins and his own topographical studies
on the last expedition. We cannot use him advantageously after the end
of this month. Bumstead has had occasion to see something of the accuracy
of his astronomical observations. I can personally vouch for his energy
and ability in the field. Toward the end of the season he was given
a difficult piece of reconnaissance engineering and did it remarkably
well in the face of great obstacles, - obstacles that would have daunted
most men. Can you not find some way of keeping him busy? It seems
too bad that when a well-trained topographical engineer is willing to go
into foreign countries for the sake of scientific exploration, he should
be obliged to go back into commercial work.

With kind regards,

Faithfully yours,

P.S. Chapman writes me that he has a balance left over from your appropriation and is anxious to use it to employ one of the Anglo-Peruvian naturalists to complete the ornithological survey of the Urubamba Valley. It seems to me an excellent idea.

Geographic Society Adds $20,000
to Government Fund.

Grove in Center of National Park,
but Privately Owned—Sum Appro-
priated by Congress Too Small for
Purchase—Scientific Body Gives
Balance of Money.

Through a unique instance of cooper-
ation between the United States gov-
ernment and the National Geographic
Society, with headquarters in Washing-
ton, one of the most magnificent play-
grounds in America has been preserved
from destruction for all time and been
given to the people. The tract is
known as the Giant Forest, in the heart
of the Sequoia National Park, the only
scenic section of this great preserve of
more than 160,000 acres which is ac-
cessible to motor-driven and horse-
drawn vehicles at the present time.

The saving for the American people
of this forest tract containing the big-
gest and oldest trees in the world, trees
that were 2,000 years old when Christ
was born, has come about in an unusual
manner, now made public by the De-
partment of the Interior with the con-
sent of the National Geographic So-
ciety.

## Trees Not Protected.

The Giant Forest, which is a table
land, fairly circular in shape and about
2 miles in diameter, lies in the west
central section of the Sequoia National
Park, Cal., and contains the finest speci-
mens of "big trees" in the world—the
sequoia washingtoniana. In fact, the
largest tree in the world, the General
Serman, having a circumstances at its
base of 102 feet, a diameter of 36.5 feet,
and a height of 279.9 feet, stands here.

Numerous others trees of slightly
smaller growth are found in groups in
this forest, but on lands patented by
citizens of California many years be-
fore the creation of the park. And
while the park was created for the pur-
pose of protecting these very trees
standing on these holdings, they have,
up to the present time, not been pro-
tected at all, but are subject to destruc-
tion at the will of their owners, no pro-
vision having been made heretofore
for their preservation.

## Appropriation Too Small.

During the last session of Congress
the Interior Department secured an ap-
propriation of $50,000 for the purchase
of these private holdings, but when ne-
gotiations were entered into with the
owners, the latter refused to part with
the sequoia forest lands except on con-
dition that adjacent holdings be pur-
chased at the same time, the additional
tracts bringing the price up to $70,000.

Inasmuch as experts of the Interior
Department estimate that the timber
standing on these private holdings has
a value of $156,411, the price asked
seemed exceedingly reasonable, but
$20,000 was needed to complete the
purchase. However, a six months' op-
tion on the 670 acres was secured.

The Interior Department, realizing
that there was small hope of an addi-
tional appropriation from Congress be-
fore the expiration of the option, con-
ferred with the board of managers of
the National Geographic Society, which
has always been active in movements
for the perpetuation and extension of
America's playgrounds and parks and
for the preservation of its song birds
and wild game.

The appeal met with a cordial re-
sponse, and the necessary $20,000 has
just been appropriated by the society.
Thus, through the cooperation of the
national government and the National
Geographic Society, the preservation of
the noble trees of the giant forest for
the benefit and enjoyment of posterity

The Giant Sequoias.

No better gift has ever been made to
the nation than the transfer of the pri-
vately owned tract of the world's largest
trees in the heart of Sequoia, national
park, California, to the government.

The saving of this forest tract, contain-
ing the oldest trees in the world, was the
result of the generosity of the National
Geographic Society.

During the last session of Congress an
appropriation of $50,000 was made at the
request of the Interior Department for
the purchase of the private holdings, but
the owners refused to part with the Se-
quoia forest lands except on condition
that adjacent holdings be purchased at
the same time at an additional cost of
$20,000.

Realizing that there was small hope of
an additional appropriation in time from
Congress, Secretary Lane, of the Interior
Department, appealed to the board of
managers of the society. The appeal met
with immediate response, and the neces-
sary $20,000 was appropriated by the so-
ciety.

Through the generosity of this volun-
tary association real conservation, which
will mean much to future generations, has
been made possible. The timber standing
on the land acquired has a value of $156,-
411, but in a better sense it is beyond
price. The trees were flourishing giants
when Athens was the light of the world
2,000 years before the Christian era be-
gan. They are now to be preserved for fu-
ture generations, and doubtless posterity
will be grateful for this bit of proof that
the twentieth century was not wholly
given over to waste and suicide.

D. C. POST

12/5/16

Editorial

December 11, 1916.

My dear Grosvenor:-

Please do not confuse Anderson and Maynard. You speak in
your letter of December 6th about Anderson, who turned out to be one
of the most unreliable men that we ever had in Peru. I wrote you about
Maynard, one of our most reliable men.

I recommend most heartily that you make arrangements with
Gregory to go to Peru this summer and tackle the geology of our particular
newly mapped region which he hoped to do in 1915 but was unable to get there.
I suggest that you send Maynard and an assistant topographer to finish
the mapping of that region and then follow it by sending Gregory and an
assistant geologist to combine with the earlier party in the summer and
finish up the work. We have done so much there that it would be too bad
to leave this geological part incomplete. Furthermore, it need not take
more than three or four months to complete the map of the Urubamba Valley,
join the portions done on various expeditions, fill in certain difficult
side valleys and bring to a proper topographical and geological conclusion
a job which otherwise would have the disadvantage of being not quite
completed.

The work proposed here would cost for the year 1917, including
the office work on the return of the topographic party, about $6000.

Your November number is perfectly splendid, - one of the
finest I have ever seen. I hope you will be so generous as to let me have
a few cloth-bound copies of it to send to some schools and children that
I am interested in.

Faithfully yours,