DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Washington, D.C. 20520

February 27, 1975

Mr. Secretary:

Here is a draft of your remarks to be given at Cardiff on March 6 when James Callaghan receives the Freedom of the City. Attached at back are EUR materials about Callaghan and the occasion.

The cable asking for the draft specified "... a 5-10 minute speech mainly about US-European relations . . . . There should be a light introduction followed by personal remarks about Callaghan which would lead into the substantive comments."

EUR concurs in the present draft. Copies of this entire package have been sent to Hartman and Sonnenfeldt.

Winston Lord

CONFIDENTIAL

Attachment

2/24/75

SECRETARY KISSINGER'S SPEECH AT CARDIFF

March 6, 1975

Thank you, Mr. Lord Mayor, My Right Honorable friends,
ladies and gentlemen:

-- The possibility of my coming to Cardiff arose when
Jim Callaghan was in Washington recently for talks. He said I
could never understand the positions he was taking without understand-
ing the political situation he has to face at home. So I offered to
come to Cardiff as his interpreter.

-- My resolution quailed, I admit, at the thought of having to
learn Welsh. Jim said helpfully that if I mastered it, Hebrew and
Arabic would be easy. But I replied that I had had to learn too many
foreign languages already, starting off with English.

-- The real attraction of coming here was to experience first-
hand the meaning of political asylum. In former times, the Freedom

-2-

of the City was extended to people fleeing political oppression.

Well, Jim is fleeing from London and I am fleeing from Washington.

-- The thought occurred to me that if you are willing to extend the Freedom of Cardiff to an English politician, you should be more than willing to extend it to an American historian.

In fact, this is a very interesting and historic city. It is also the Capital of the Principality of Wales. No one can come here from overseas without realizing that he stands at the center of a historic civilization. Cardiff and Wales have made many seminal contributions, both old and new, to the life of Great Britain and the wider culture of the Western world. This is a land of great poetry and song, of economic leadership from the beginnings of the industrial age, of social and political idealism. Wales looks out upon the ocean that touches all the Western nations. Your ideals and your spirit, which

-3-

gleam far beyond your shores, have been among the beacons
which join those nations into a single civilization.

I have been asked to speak for the assembled guests
in extending our congratulations to the two men who have
been honored today, James Callaghan and George Thomas.
It is difficult to speak for so many and even more difficult
to do justice to the achievements of our Right Honorable
friends. Today, you have honored them for three decades
of distinguished service to you in the House of Commons.
Both have, in addition, been eminent Ministers of the Crown.
James Callaghan has held a number of major portfolios before
assuming his present position of Foreign Secretary. George
Thomas has been Minister of State for the Commonwealth,
Secretary of State for Wales, and is now Deputy Speaker of
the House of Commons.

-3a-

But I confess I may view these achievements, particularly
those of my friend Jim Callaghan, from a perspective different
from your own. By conferring the Freedom of the City upon
him, you have symbolically welcomed him as a citizen of
Cardiff and of Wales. But I know him as a citizen of the world,
as a statesman who has become my valued colleague in our
common search for a more secure peace and prosperity for

Britain, for America, and for Europe

and a friend in whose
I know one can always rely and whose steadily
is a consistent source of strength

One of the strengths of Britain has been her ability to
find, in her domestic politics, statesmen with the vision to
speak for her wider interests, and the interests of mankind
abroad. The British

-4-

Foreign Secretary must be a politician and a parliamentarian first of all. By supporting Jim Callaghan during his long career in parliament, Cardiff has given him the opportunity for the broad experience, at home and abroad, that now allows him to speak so effectively for Britain in the world community. Not only Britain but America must be grateful for your trust.

Jim Callaghan has already given Britain distinguished service as Foreign Secretary. I can testify to this personally. Over the past year, we have been close partners in the effort of all Western countries to reassert our unity and cope together with the serious new challenges that face us. It is a time for toughness and realism, but

a realization that only ideologists can be strong and also for vision and hope. Time and again in the past year I have deeply appreciated Jim Callaghan's inherent grasp of this paradox.

His proposals have invariably been hard-headed and practical. But he has never forgotten that immediate solutions must prove barren

-5-

unless they serve some larger conception of what the security and
well-being of the West requires. Our challenge is not simply to react
to the dangers that confront us. It is to build new structures for
security which can preserve our way of life in our own time and for
generations to come.

The cornerstone of that effort must be cooperation between
Europe and the United States. For more than a generation, this
trans-Atlantic relationship has been the foundation of our mutual
safety and prosperity. And within that relationship the close tie
of Britain and the United States has occupied a special place.
Statesmen of both parties in both our countries have contributed
to its construction.

It was Winston Churchill who foresaw, in the darkest hour of
World War II, that the alliance of our nations could be a basis for
the deliverance of the West from the dangers of tyranny, hardship,

-6-

and war. "If we are together," he said, "nothing is impossible.

If we are divided all will fail. I therefore preach continually the
doctrine of the fraternal association of our two peoples, not for any
purpose of gaining... advantages for either of them, ... but
for the sake of service to mankind and for the honour that comes to
those who faithfully serve great causes."

It was Ernest Bevin, one of the greatest British Foreign Secretaries, who joined following the war, with the leaders of the United States to forge the system of collective security under which we still live.

Today, James Callaghan carries on that proud tradition. I
am thankful that his view of relations between Britain and the United
States has invariably been friendly, reasonable, and constructive.

Under his guidance, we may be sure that the association between our
peoples will, in Churchill's phrase, "just keep rolling along", as

-7-

inexorable and irresistible as ever. On a broad range of issues vital to our security and prosperity, cooperation between our countries established has become so firmly institutionalized that for us to consult and assist each other has become second nature. And the strength of our association has lent stability to the growing relationship between America and Europe as a whole.

We must remember that much has changed in the last 35 years. Europe has shaken off many of the weaknesses of the past. She has risen to new heights of economic strength and political self-consciousness. Old reasons for Western solidarity, such as the Cold War, have diminished in urgency. New powers, notably Japan, have joined the industrialized world, and new centers of influence, such as the oil producers, have arisen within the developing world. Today, relations between the United States and Europe must be based on equality between us. And, as we seek a new basis for security for ourselves, we must be Atlantic盟

-8-

more aware of relations with the rest of the world than ever before.

But at a time of change, let us also reaffirm the enduring
principles that have guided, and still guide, relations between America
and Europe:

-- Our association is based upon a deep community of interests and values. Our strategic interests closely coincide. Our economies have become closely interdependent. The Americans, most of whom are the descendants of Europeans, share Europe's commitment to the ideals of freedom, democracy, and a life of richness and opportunity for all our peoples.

-- A major purpose of our common policies is to preserve
our common civilization from whatever pressures of insecurity or
scarcity may threaten it.

-- Our ideal is an association based on partnership rather than
dominance by any one country or group of countries. For only when
the responsibilities, as well as the prerogatives, of leadership have

-10-

general progress of detente are all part of that
process. With persistence and with continued close
consultation among us, there is hope that political
* and military insecurities dating from the past may
increasingly be set aside.

-- We have moved towards a resolution of the energy
crisis, on the basis of cooperation among the
industrial democracies. A number of important
steps have already been taken. They include the
establishment of the International Energy Agency,
an agreement on oil sharing arrangements in the
event of future oil emergencies, agreement on the
creation of a $25 billion recycling fund, and progress
towards mutual policies for energy conservation and

-11-

the development of alternative supplies. These initiatives give us firm cause to believe that Western prosperity will not be overwhelmed by forces beyond our control. We have the capacity, if we have the will, to remain the masters of our fate.

But the solidarity of the West is not dependent on the presence of external threats. It is grounded in a common history and the common purposes which our nations have pursued over centuries. Rather, it is the deeper levels of our mutual trust that have always allowed us to overcome our divisions and then, together, to overcome whatever adversity has threatened us.

-12-

Today, Jim Callaghan and I have the privilege of serving two nations whose historic partnership has been central to the unity of the West. Our nations are distinct, but they are also servants of common purposes that transcend the interests of Britain, or America, or Europe. They are the inheritors of a vision of what the unity of the West can mean for the future of all our peoples.

Jim Callaghan and I are friends, but one of the reasons is that our peoples are friends. Therefore, I repeat to you my thanks for the opportunity to be here today. One understands a man better for seeing where he is from. I want to extend my deep gratitude to Cardiff and to Wales for having helped make Jim Callaghan the man and the statesman he is.

THE RT. HON. THE LORD MAYOR

( Councillor Albert Huish, JP. )

LYJ

TELEPHONE
(0222) 31033

CITY HALL.
CARDIFF.
CF1 3NB

15th January, 1975

I believe you are aware that the City of Cardiff will be honouring The Rt. Hon. James Callaghan, M.P., Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by confering upon him the Freedom of the City at a ceremony to take place at the City Hall, Cardiff, on Thursday, 6th of March. At the same time another Member of Parliament, The Rt. Hon. George Thomas, who is at present Deputy Speaker at the House of Commons will also be receiving the Freedom.

This is an unique occasion in the history of the City, when we shall be honouring two Members of Parliament who have served Cardiff continuously for over 30 years, and have both held high office and are Privy Counsellors.

The Freedom Ceremony will commence at 12 noon and last for approximately one hour, and on the evening of that day a Civic Banquet will be held here in honour of the two new Freemen.

It would give me, and in particular, Mr. Callaghan the greatest of pleasure if you would be in a position to accept the invitation to come to Cardiff on that day and be the guest of the city, and I need hardly say that as Capital of the Principality of Wales a warm welcome will be extended to you by all our citizens. I am aware of your extremely heavy list of engagements, but hope that nevertheless you will be able to accept this invitation and, if you are able to do so, it would give me added pleasure if you and any colleagues who may accompany you, would accept a further invitation to be my guests overnight at the Mansion House here.

May I look forward to receiving your acceptance of this invitation, and I extend my very best wishes to you in your admirable work in seeking to bring peace throughout the world.

Yours sincerely,

The Honourable Henry A Kissinger,
Secretary of State
United States of America.

BRITISH
INFORMATION
SERVICES

Reference
Biography
Service

THE RT. HON. JAMES CALLAGHAN, MP

While the Labour Party was in office from October 1964 to June 1970 Mr. James Callaghan was a member of the Cabinet, first as Chancellor of the Exchequer and then as Secretary of State for the Home Department, being created a Privy Councillor when he received the former appointment. Labour MP for Cardiff South East, he held ministerial office in the two first post-war Labour Governments, and while his Party was previously in Opposition was continuously a member of the Shadow Cabinet. From 1961 he was Labour's chief spokesman in the House of Commons on Treasury affairs. Since the 1970 change of Government he has been elected to the Shadow Cabinet each year. Since 1972 he has been the Labour Party's chief spokesman in the House of Commons on Foreign and Commonwealth affairs.

Mr. Callaghan was born on 27 March 1912, son of a Chief Petty Officer in the Royal Navy. He was educated at an elementary school and at the Portsmouth Northern Grammar School, and in 1929 entered the Civil Service as a Tax Officer in the Inland Revenue Department. He joined the Inland Revenue Staff Federation, became a branch secretary and sat on its Executive, and in 1936 resigned his Civil Service appointment to become its Assistant Secretary. This post he held until 1947. He also lectured on industrial history for the Workers' Educational Association.

In 1942 Mr. Callaghan volunteered and joined the Royal Navy as an Ordinary Seaman, serving with the East Indies Fleet, stationed then at Ceylon. Later he was commissioned and promoted Lieutenant, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, and served at the Admiralty. He had joined the Labour Party in 1931, and in 1944 was adopted as prospective Labour candidate for Cardiff Souty. (Since 1950, when there was a redistribution of Parliamentary constituencies, his seat has been Cardiff South-East.)

Elected in July 1945, Mr. Callaghan became Parliamentary Private Secretary to Mr. John Parker, Under-Secretary of State for Dominion (later Commonwealth) Affairs, but a few months later resigned as he wished to be free to criticise Government policy if he felt so inclined. He spoke on Far Eastern affairs, and on financial questions; he also took a great interest in all Service matters, pressed the Government on its demobilisation plans and as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party's Defence and Services Committee (1945-47) was largely responsible for the reduction of the conscription period of service from 18 to 12 months.

N.B. This document has been prepared for British Information Services by Reference Division, Central Office of Information, London, and is intended to be used for reference purposes. It may be freely used in preparing articles' speeches, broadcasts, etc. No acknowledgment is necessary. Please note the date of preparation.

Mr. Callaghan was promoted to junior ministerial office in the Government changes of October 1947, when he became Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport. During his term of office the nationalisation of the railways took effect, and a big drive was made for road safety, Mr. Callaghan becoming chairman of the Ministry's New Road Safety Committee. He next held office, during the 1950-51 Parliament, as Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty - of which he had already gained experience during his war service.

Mr. Callaghan visited Russia in the winter of 1945-46 and in 1947 was member of a Parliamentary delegation to West Africa. In 1949 he was appointed to the first meeting of the Council of Europe, and deputised for Mr. Herbert Morrison when the latter was absent from Strasbourg; he returned to Strasbourg in 1950 and 1954.

In Opposition he continued to take an interest in overseas affairs generally, both foreign and Commonwealth, travelled widely, and early in 1959 attended the 6th unofficial Commonwealth Relations conference, held that year in New Zealand. Since his appointment as the Labour Party's spokesman on Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, he has visited the Soviet Union, South East Asia, Eastern Europe and vavour other European countries.

As Chancellor of the Exchequer Mr. Callaghan was strongly identified with measures to maintain the exchange value of the £ sterling. However, following the acceptance of his advice to devalue in November 1967, he tendered his resignation as Chancellor, being appointed Secretary of State for the Home Department.

An important measure for which his Department was responsible while he was in this office was the Race Relations Act of 1968, which extended the fields in which racial discrimination becomes unlawful; re-constituted and strengthened the Race Relations Board, and established the Community Relations Commission under the aforesaid Act to promote harmonious race relations. As Home Secretary Mr. Callaghan was also prominent in support of the Northern Ireland Government's programme of social, political and economic reform.

Since 1957 Mr. Callaghan has been, apart from a short interval, a member of the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party, from 1967, as the Party's Treasurer. At the Labour Party's Conference in 1973 he was elected chairman of the Party for 1973-74. He has in the past written frequently in the press on political subjects and has taken part in political features on sound radio and television. In September 1973 he published a book on Northern Ireland, entitled *A House Divided*. Formerly a Visiting Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford, he is now an Honorary Fellow.

He married Audrey Elizabeth Moulton in 1938; they have a son and two daughters.

Photograph No ZZZ 177820 issued by COI Photographs Division

January 1974

2

CYJ

March 6, 1975

-- Thank you, Mr. Lord Mayor, my Right Honorable friends, ladies and gentlemen:

-- When Jim Callaghan was in Washington recently for talks, he said I could never understand the positions he was taking without understanding the **political situation he faces at home**. So I offered to come to **Cardiff as his interpreter**.

-- My resolution quailed at the thought of having to **learn Welsh**. Jim said helpfully that if I mastered it, **Hebrew and Arabic** would be easy.

-- What I really hope to learn is the meaning of **political asylum**. Traditionally, the Freedom of the City was given to people fleeing political persecution. Jim is fleeing from London, and I am fleeing from Washington.

-2-

-- Cardiff is an interesting city and the center of a historic civilization. Cardiff and Wales have made many contributions to the common civilization of the West, including great poetry and song, industrial leadership, and social and political idealism. Your shores look out upon the ocean that touches all the Western nations. Your ideals and spirit have helped to unify them into a single civilization.

-- I have come to extend the congratulations of all the guests to the two men honored today. Both have given three decades of distinguished service to Cardiff and Wales in the House of Commons. Both have also been eminent Ministers of the Crown.

-- James Callaghan: formerly Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary, now Foreign Secretary.

-3-

-- George Thomas: Minister of State for the Common-
wealth, Secretary of State for Wales, now Deputy
Speaker of the House of Commons.

-- This *combination of foreign and domestic experience* is
unusual in the world, but common in Britain. Britain has
always been able to find in her domestic politics statesmen
who could speak for her larger interests and the interests of
mankind abroad.

-- My friend Jim Callaghan always makes me conscious of this.

Today, by conferring the Freedom of the City upon him, you
have symbolically made him a *citizen of Cardiff and Wales*.

But I know him as a *citizen of the world*, as a statesman who
has been my colleague in our common search for a more
secure peace and prosperity for Britain, America and Europe.

-4-

-- Jim Callaghan has given Britain distinguished service as Foreign Secretary. He has made invaluable contributions to the common solutions sought by all the Western nations to their new challenges.

-- He has inherently grasped the paradox that foreign policy must be practical and idealistic at the same time. His proposals are always realistic and hard-headed, but he never forgets that immediate solutions will not be fruitful unless they serve some larger conception of what the security and well-being of the West requires.

-- Now, as for the past 35 years, the cornerstone of Western security must be cooperation between Europe and the United States.

-5-

-- And within the Atlantic relationship, the _close tie of Britain_
_and the United States_ has occupied a central place. Statesmen

of both parties in both countries have helped to build it:

-- Winston Churchill foresaw, in the depths of World
War II, that the partnership of our nations could
provide a basis for the deliverance of the West.

"If we are together," he said, "nothing is impossible,
If we are divided all will fail. I therefore preach
continually the doctrine of the fraternal association of
our two peoples, not for any purpose of gaining . . .
advantages for either of them . . . but for the sake
of service to mankind and for the honour that comes to
those who faithfully serve great causes."

-6-

-- Ernest Bevin, one of the greatest British Foreign Secretaries, joined with the leaders of the United States, following the war, to forge the system of collective security which has protected the West ever since.

-- Today, James Callaghan carries on that tradition. I am thankful that his view of relations between Britain and the United States has invariably been friendly and constructive.

-- It is true that the association of the United States and Europe must meet different conditions today than 35 years ago:

-- Our challenges are changing: Old reasons for Western solidarity, such as the Cold War, have diminished in urgency, while new ones, such as the energy crisis, have arisen.

-7-

- **Our partnership must be more equal:** The United States has learned the limits of what it can accomplish alone, while Europe has overcome many of its past weaknesses and asserted a new political consciousness.

- **Relations with the rest of the world have new importance:**
New industrial powers, notably Japan, have arisen outside the West, and new centers of influence, such as the oil producers, have arisen within the developing world.

- Nevertheless, the **principles** that guide relations between America and Europe **have not changed.** Our association is grounded upon:

- **Common interests and values:** Our strategic and economic interests closely coincide. Our nations share a common belief in the values of freedom,

-8-

for our peoples.

- **Common security:** A major purpose of our common policies has been to preserve our civilization from the pressures of military insecurity or economic scarcity.

- **The ideal of partnership:** The West has mobilized its resources fully, not when one nation or group has dominated, but when the responsibilities, as well as the prerogatives, of leadership have been shared.

- Today, we must draw on that **heritage** to address **new challenges.** We must forge a new, more balanced partnership:

  - To heal the **Cold War divisions** in Europe

  - To deal with a global economic crisis and, in particular, the **energy problem**.

-9-

-- There has been _encouraging progress_ on both fronts:

-- The _relaxation of tensions_

- SALT

- CSCE, MBFR.

- Detente in general

-- The _energy crisis_.

- IEA

- _Oil sharing agreement_

- Agreement on the _$25 billion recycling fund_.

- Progress toward mutual policies for _energy_.

_conservation_ and the development of _alternative supplies_.

- The success of all these efforts depends on _close Western cooperation_.

- And through cooperation we can remain the _masters of our fate_.

-10-

-- The Solidarity of the West is ultimately based, not on external threats, but on common history and common purposes.

-- Our nations are different, but common heritage has always allowed us to overcome our divisions and then, together, to overcome the adversities we have fared.

-- Today, Jim Callaghan and I serve two nations whose partnership has been central to Western unity.

-- Britain and America must act, not only for themselves but as inheritors of a vision of what the unity of the West can mean for the future of all our peoples.

-- Jim Callaghan and I are friends because our peoples are friends.

-- I thank you for the opportunity to be here today and for having helped make Jim Callaghan the man and statesman he is.

Mead First Draft

2/24/75

March 6, 1975

- 2 -

of the City was extended to people fleeing political
oppression. Well, Jim is not felling from London, but
I am fleeing from Washington.

-3-

- 3a -

But I confess I may view these achievements, particularly those of my friend Jim Callaghan, from a perspective different from your own. By conferring the Freedom of the City upon him, you have symbolically welcomed him as a citizen of Cardiff and of Wales. But I know him as a citizen of the world, as a statesman who has become my valued colleague in our common search for a more secure peace and prosperity for Britain, for America, and for Europe, a friend in whose word one can always rely, and whose steadiness is a constant source of strength.

One of the strengths of Britain has been her ability to find, in her domestic politics, statements with the vision to speak for her wider interests, and the interests of mankind abroad.

- 4 -

Over the past year, Jim Callaghan and I have been close partners in the effort of all Western countries to reaffirm our unity and cope together with the serious new challenges that face us. It is a time for toughness and realism, but also for a realization that only idealists can be strong and only men of vision can reflect true reality. Time and again in the past year I have deeply appreciated Jim Callaghan's inherent grasp of this paradox. His proposals have invariably been hard-headed and practical. But he has never forgotten that immediate solutions must prove barren unless they serve some larger conception of what the security and well-being of the West requires.

- 5 -

all our

The cornerstone of that efforts must be cooperation
between Europe and the United States. For more than a
generation, this trans-Atlantic relationship has been
the foundation of our mutual safety and prosperity.
And within that relationship the close tie of Britain
and the United States has occupied a special place.
Statesmen of both parties in both our countries have
contributed to its construction.

-6-

If we are divided all will fail. I therefore preach continually the
doctrine of the fraternal association of our two peoples, not for any
purpose of gaining . . . advantages for either of them, . . . but
for the sake of service to mankind and for the honour that comes to
those who faithfully serve great causes."

- 7 -

inexorable ~~and irresistible~~ as ever. On a broad range of common process issues vital to our security and prosperity, cooperation between our countries has become so firmly established that for us to consult and assist each other has become second nature. And the strength of our association has lent stability to the growing relationship between America and Europe as a whole.

We must remember that much has changed in the last 35 years. Europe has shaken off many of the weaknesses of the past. She has risen to new heights of economic strength. Old reasons for Western solidarity, such as the Cold War, have diminished in urgency. New powers, notably Japan, have joined the industrialized world, and new centers of influence, such as the oil producers, have arisen within the developing world. As we seek a new basis for atlantic relations, we must be

-8-

- A major purpose of our common policies is to preserve
our common civilization from the pressures of insecurity or
scarcity,

- 9 -

been shared has the West been able to mobilize its entire
resources to overcome its challenges.

Today, our task is to draw upon this heritage to address the new dangers and opportunities before us.

Jim Callaghan and I have the privilege of serving two nations whose historic partnership has been central to the unity of the West. Our nations are distinct, but they are also servants of common purposes that transcend the interests of Britain, or America, or Europe. They are the inheritors of a vision of what the unity of the West can mean for the future of all mankind.

Jim Callaghan and I are friends, as our two peoples
are friends. Therefore, I repeat to you my thanks for
the opportunity to be here today. One understands a
man better for seeing what shaped him. I want to extend
my deep gratitude to Cardiff and to Wales for having helped
make Jim Callaghan the man and the statesman he is.

MARCH 6, 1975

THANK YOU, MR. LORD MAYOR, MY RIGHT HONORABLE FRIENDS,

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:

-- THE POSSIBILITY OF MY COMING TO CARDIFF AROSE WHEN JIM CALLAGHAN WAS IN WASHINGTON RECENTLY FOR TALKS. HE SAID I COULD NEVER UNDERSTAND THE POSITIONS HE WAS TAKING WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING THE POLITICAL SITUATION HE HAS TO FACE AT HOME. SO I OFFERED TO COME TO CARDIFF AS HIS INTERPRETER.

-- MY RESOLUTION QUAILED, I ADMIT, AT THE THOUGHT OF HAVING TO LEARN WELSH. JIM SAID HELPFULLY THAT IF I MASTERED IT, HEBREW AND ARABIC WOULD BE EASY. BUT I REPLIED THAT I HAD HAD TO LEARN TOO MANY FOREIGN LANGUAGES ALREADY, STARTING OFF WITH ENGLISH.

-- IN FORMER TIMES, THE FREEDOM OF THE CITY WAS EXTENDED TO PEOPLE FLEEING POLITICAL OPPRESSION. I DO NOT KNOW WHETHER JIM IS FLEEING FROM ANYTHING, BUT THOSE OF YOU FAMILIAR WITH THE WASHINGTON SCENE CAN DRAW YOUR OWN CONCLUSIONS AS TO WHO IS

2

IN NEED OF ASYLUM.

COMING HERE FROM OVERSEAS WE REALIZE THAT WE STAND AT
THE CENTER OF A HISTORIC CIVILIZATION. CARDIFF AND WALES HAVE
MADE ~~MANY~~ SEMINAL CONTRIBUTIONS, BOTH OLD AND NEW, TO THE LIFE
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE WIDER CULTURE OF THE WESTERN WORLD.
THIS IS A LAND OF GREAT POETRY AND SONG, OF ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP
FROM THE BEGINNINGS OF THE INDUSTRIAL AGE, OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
IDEALISM. WALES LOOKS OUT UPON THE OCEAN THAT TOUCHES

ALL THE WESTERN NATIONS. YOUR IDEALS AND YOUR SPIRIT, WHICH
GLEAM FAR BEYOND YOUR SHORES, HAVE BEEN AMONG THE BEACONS WHICH
JOIN THOSE NATIONS INTO A SINGLE CIVILIZATION.

I HAVE BEEN ASKED TO SPEAK FOR THE ASSEMBLED GUESTS IN
EXTENDING OUR CONGRATULATIONS TO THE TWO MEN WHO HAVE BEEN
HONORED TODAY, JAMES CALLAGHAN AND GEORGE THOMAS. IT IS DIFFICULT
TO SPEAK FOR SO MANY AND EVEN MORE DIFFICULT TO DO JUSTICE TO
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF OUR RIGHT HONORABLE FRIENDS. TODAY, YOU

3

HAVE HONORED THEM FOR THREE DECADES OF DISTINGUISHED SERVICE TO
YOU IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. BOTH HAVE, IN ADDITION, BEEN EMINENT
MINISTERS OF THE CROWN. JAMES CALLAGHAN HAS HELD A NUMBER OF MAJOR
PORTFOLIOS BEFORE ASSUMING HIS PRESENT POSITION OF FOREIGN
SECRETARY. GEORGE THOMAS HAS BEEN MINISTER OF STATE FOR THE
COMMONWEALTH, SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WALES, AND IS NOW DEPUTY
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.

I CONFESS I MAY VIEW THESE ACHIEVEMENTS, PARTICULARLY
THOSE OF MY FRIEND JIM CALLAGHAN, FROM A PERSPECTIVE DIFFERENT
FROM YOUR OWN. BY CONFERRING THE FREEDOM OF THE CITY UPON HIM,
YOU HAVE SYMBOLICALLY WELCOMED HIM AS A CITIZEN OF CARDIFF AND
OF WALES. BUT I KNOW HIM AS A CITIZEN OF THE WORLD, AS A STATESMAN
WHO HAS BECOME MY VALUED COLLEAGUE IN OUR COMMON SEARCH FOR A MORE
SECURE PEACE, A FRIEND ON WHOSE WORD ONE CAN ALWAYS RELY, AND WHOSE
STEADINESS IS A CONSTANT SOURCE OF STRENGTH. BY SUPPORTING JIM
CALLAGHAN DURING HIS LONG CAREER IN PARLIAMENT, CARDIFF HAS GIVEN
HIM THE OPPORTUNITY FOR THE BROAD EXPERIENCE, AT HOME AND ABROAD,
THAT NOW ALLOWS HIM TO SPEAK SO EFFECTIVELY FOR BRITAIN IN THE

4

WORLD COMMUNITY. NOT ONLY BRITAIN BUT AMERICA MUST BE GRATEFUL
FOR YOUR TRUST.

OVER THE PAST YEAR, JIM CALLAGHAN AND I HAVE BEEN CLOSE
PARTNERS IN THE EFFORT TO COPE TOGETHER WITH THE SERIOUS NEW
CHALLENGES THAT FACE US. IT IS A TIME FOR TOUGHNESS AND REALISM,
NEEDS STRENGTH, BUT ALSO FOR A REALIZATION THAT ONLY IDEALISTS CAN BE STRONG AND
FORGOTTEN THAT IMMEDIATE SOLUTIONS MUST PROVE BARREN UNLESS THEY
SERVE SOME LARGER CONCEPTION AND RELATE TO SOME DEEPER HUMAN VALUE.

THE CORNERSTONE OF ALL OUR EFFORTS MUST BE COOPERATION
BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES. FOR MORE THAN A GENERATION,
THIS TRANS-ATLANTIC RELATIONSHIP HAS BEEN THE FOUNDATION OF OUR
MUTUAL SAFETY AND PROSPERITY. AND WITHIN THAT RELATIONSHIP THE
CLOSE TIE OF BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES HAS OCCUPIED A SPECIAL
PLACE. STATESMEN OF BOTH PARTIES IN BOTH OF OUR COUNTRIES HAVE

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CONTRIBUTED TO ITS CONSTRUCTION

IT WAS WINSTON CHURCHILL WHO FORESAW, IN THE DARKEST HOUR OF WORLD WAR II, THAT THE ALLIANCE OF OUR NATIONS COULD BE A BASIS FOR THE DELIVERANCE OF THE WEST FROM THE DANGERS OF TYRANNY, HARDSHIP, AND WAR. "IF WE ARE TOGETHER," HE SAID, "NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE. IF WE ARE DIVIDED ALL WILL FAIL. I THEREFORE PREACH CONTINUALLY THE DOCTRINE OF THE FRATERNAL ASSOCIATION OF OUR TWO PEOPLES, NOT FOR ANY PURPOSE OF GAINING . . . ADVANTAGES FOR EITHER OF THEM, . . . BUT FOR THE SAKE OF SERVICE TO MANKIND AND FOR THE HONOUR THAT COMES TO THOSE WHO FAITHFULLY SERVE GREAT CAUSES."

IT WAS ERNEST BEVIN, ONE OF THE GREATEST BRITISH FOREIGN SECRETARIES, WHO JOINED, FOLLOWING THE WAR, WITH THE LEADERS OF THE UNITED STATES TO FORGE THE SYSTEM OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY UNDER WHICH WE STILL LIVE.

TODAY, JAMES CALLAGHAN CARRIES ON THAT PROUD TRADITION. I AM THANKFUL THAT HIS VIEW OF RELATIONS BETWEEN BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES HAS INVARIABLY BEEN FRIENDLY, REASONABLE, AND

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CONSTRUCTIVE. UNDER HIS GUIDANCE, WE MAY BE SURE THAT THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OUR PEOPLE'S WILL, IN CHURCHILL'S PHRASE, "JUST KEEP ROLLING ALONG," AS INEXORABLE AS EVER. ON A BROAD RANGE OF ISSUES VITAL TO OUR COMMON SECURITY AND PROGRESS, COOPERATION is intimate consultation, advice & mutual assistance become US TO CONSULT AND ASSIST EACH OTHER HAS BECOME SECOND NATURE. AND THE STRENGTH OF OUR ASSOCIATION HAS LENT STABILITY TO THE GROWING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMERICA AND EUROPE AS A WHOLE.

WE MUST REMEMBER THAT MUCH HAS CHANGED IN THE LAST 35 YEARS. EUROPE HAS SHAKEN OFF MANY OF THE WEAKNESSES OF THE PAST. SHE HAS RISEN TO NEW HEIGHTS OF ECONOMIC STRENGTH. OLD REASONS FOR WESTERN SOLIDARITY, SUCH AS THE COLD WAR, HAVE DIMINISHED IN URGENCY. NEW POWERS, NOTABLY JAPAN, HAVE JOINED THE INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD, AND NEW CENTERS OF INFLUENCE, SUCH AS THE OIL PRODUCERS, HAVE ARISEN WITHIN THE DEVELOPING WORLD. AS WE SEEK A NEW BASIS FOR ATLANTIC RELATIONS, WE MUST BE MORE AWARE OF RELATIONS WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD THAN EVER BEFORE.

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WEST. OUR NATIONS ARE DISTINCT, BUT THEY ARE ALSO SERVANTS OF
COMMON PURPOSES THAT TRANSCEND THE INTERESTS OF BRITAIN, OR
AMERICA, OR EUROPE. THEY ARE THE INHERITORS OF A VISION OF WHAT
THE UNITY OF THE WEST CAN MEAN FOR THE FUTURE OF ALL MANKIND.

JIM CALLAGHAN AND I ARE FRIENDS, AS OUR TWO PEOPLES ARE
FRIENDS, AND WE ARE PARTNERS AS WE TWO PEOPLE ARE PARTNERS.
THEREFORE, I REPEAT TO YOU MY THANKS FOR THE OPPORTUNITY
TO BE HERE TODAY. ONE UNDERSTANDS A MAN BETTER FOR SEEING WHAT
SHAPED HIM. I WANT TO EXTEND MY DEEP GRATITUDE TO CARDIFF AND TO
WALES FOR HAVING HELPED MAKE JIM CALLAGHAN THE MAN AND THE STATESMAN
HE IS.

AND I JOIN MY VOICE TO YOURS IN COMMEMORATING THE GREAT
HONOR YOU HAVE BESTOWED UPON BOTH OUR RIGHT HONORABLE FRIENDS.

THANK YOU.