8/20

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Personalities

Henry Kissinger of State Department fame is quietly offering his memoirs to publishers for a cool $2 million and an open-ended promise of a chartered jet while he writes them.

That's according to The Boston Globe, which also said Kissinger intermediaries have been asking for promises of limousines to meet Kissinger at the plane when he trots about to gather material. He also wants a staff of secretaries and research assistants.

"New York publishing circles say the reaction to the requests for extras has been generally cool, in that they are so open-ended," the Globe reported.

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# Mr. Kissinger's Folly?

By Anthony Lewis

LONDON, July 28—The Italian loan caper, as it could be called, has seemingly aroused only mild interest in an America preoccupied by politics. But on this side of the Atlantic there has been sharp reaction to the report of an informal agreement by United States, West German, British and French leaders to withhold further loans to Italy if Communists have any Cabinet posts in the new Italian Government.

The reactions in Western Europe have been overwhelmingly negative—and puzzled. One informed Briton put it: "In the current situation, such a threat is quite unnecessary. If the situation changes, it could be a disaster."

The puzzling aspect of the affair is that, since the Christian Democrats came in first in the Italian elections last month, there has been no serious possibility of Communist participation in the new Government to be formed. The Communists themselves have indicated that they do not want Cabinet responsibility right now.

In short, even on the assumption that other Western countries should resist a Communist role in Italian government, there was no occasion now for an intervention that inevitably proved embarrassing when disclosed. It was so embarrassing, indeed, that the British and French denied being parties to any agreement. But it is known that the four heads of government and their foreign ministers discussed the Italian question during a lunch at the economic meeting in Puerto Rico last month, and the indication is that they did reach some kind of informal understanding.

But the drawbacks of such a démarche go much deeper than its irrelevancy and mistiming. That is evident if one considers the realities of the West's options if Communist participation in an Italian Government were in fact an imminent possibility.

Suppose that, a year from now, a Christian Democratic Government in Rome collapsed under the pressures Rome collapsed and that, by general agreement among a broad spectrum of Italian leaders, the only effective way to restore public confidence was to give the Communists a modest role—say the ministries of agriculture and public works.

If a coalition regime of that kind were formed, it would immediately be subject to every kind of doubt and rumor in the world's financial markets. If the pillars of the system, the United States and West Germany, refused to continue the usual support, the likely result would be collapse of the lire—and the Italian economy.

That scenario indicates the doubtful utility of crude threats in the Italian situation. Would chaos in Italy be a desirable result for the West? If the Italians themselves ever did decide to try the experiment of a coalition with the Communists, what theory of democracy would entitle non-Italians to veto that idea? How would such an intervention, financial and political, differ in moral terms from the Soviets' decision to invade Czechoslovakia in 1968 because they disagreed with its Government's policy?

None of this is to deny that the idea of Communist participation in a Western government raises very serious questions. Opinion in Europe as in America is divided on its wisdom.

Some Europeans are convinced that the Italian Communist Party has genuinely moved away from totalitarianism. They see in it a hope of easing the monolothic character of Soviet Communism and allowing more diversity in, for example, Czechoslovakia. The other view is that, while individual Italian Communists may be more enlightened, the party as a whole has not broken with the totalitarian Soviet model and cannot be trusted.

The uncertainties make it the more important for Western leaders to act with care and sensitivity on this issue. And so the puzzle remains: How could they have blundered into something so crude and self-defeating as the Puerto Rican fiasco?

Politics is the most visible explanation. Helmut Schmidt, who broke the news, is in a tight election contest with the German Christian Democrats and wants to look anti-Communist. Ditto Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan. But my guess is that there is more to it.

Henry Kissinger may be the crux of the matter. According to the authoritative account by Leslie H. Gelb of The New York Times, the Secretary of State advanced the no-loan formula at Puerto Rico. That is consistent with his known zealotry on this issue, his rigid opposition to any role for Communists outside their established sphere of influence. As in Chile, Mr. Kissinger might well prefer an Italy in chaos or in the hands of the extreme right to one with Communists in government.

Mr. Kissinger has been down-playing differences in foreign policy between himself and Jimmy Carter, but this is one area where a Carter Presidency might be sharply different. Mr. Carter said in a European telecast recently that Communist participation in governments over here "would not be a catastrophe" and that he would "keep avenues open to Western Communist leaders, if they are chosen in the future, and not force them to move inevitably into the orbit of Soviet domination."

Kissinger Presses for Ocean Accord

By PAUL HOFMANN

Special to The New York Times

UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., Aug. 13—Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger warned today that the United States might unilaterally permit American companies to go ahead with proposed ocean-bed mining ventures unless an international consensus on the issue was reached soon.

He recalled that the United States had acted unilaterally earlier this year by enacting legislation establishing a 200-mile fishing limit off American shores.

"We may act again unilaterally," the Secretary said, "with respect to the deep sea beds."

He made it clear, however, that the United States would prefer to proceed in agreement with other nations.

Mr. Kissinger, who was addressing the staff of the American delegation to the Law of the Sea conference here, said the question of deep-sea mining was the meeting's "most difficult" issue.

His remarks recalled a statement he made in a speech in New York in April. He declared

then that the United States was "many years ahead" of any other country in sea-mining technology.

"If the deep seabeds are not subject to international agreement the United States can and will proceed to explore and mine on its own," the Secretary said in April.

Alluding to third-world countries, he noted today that some participants in the conference here tended to deny a role for private enterprise in the exploitation of deep-sea resources. Mr. Kissinger said that such a position was aimed at undoing earlier agreements, adding that "we will never agree to it."

At stake is a wealth of strategic metals — foremostly nickel — contained in small rocks, or nodules, on the ocean floor, two to three miles beneath the surface.

United States corporations have developed technology to retrieve the modules, and are eager to start ocean-floor mining. Bills before Congress would authorize American companies to start such operations.

Plans by the United States and other industrial nations to encourage private mining are opposed by developing coun-

tries. Many members of the third-world coalition want to reserve the ocean-floor industry to a proposed international agency with a global "enterprise" as its operative arm.

Earlier this year a compromise seemed to have been worked out whereby exploitation of ocean-bed sites was to be split between the future International Sea-Bed Authority and private Western and Japanese companies.

Since then, the third-world stand has stiffened again. Mr. Kissinger observed today that the United States had accepted what he called a "double-access system" in sea-bed mining, but was determined to defend the right of American companies to have a share in the new industry.

"There are limits," the Secretary said, "beyond which we cannot be pushed."

Mr. Kissinger announced that he would return in two to three weeks for another visit to the maritime conference, at which the United States delegation is headed by T. Vincent Learson. If no solution has been reached by then, he said, he will invite Foreign Ministers of other countries to help try to break the deadlock.

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Friday, August 13, 1976

The Washington Star

A-5

# Kissinger Dead Weight In Ford's Race to Wire

By Jack W. Germond

Washington Star Staff Writer

KANSAS CITY — Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger is proving to be a clear political liability to President Ford in the contest for the Republican presidential nomination that is under way here.

On the one hand, Ford obviously feels a need to defend and justify his chief foreign policy adviser. And, such Ford lieutenants as Vice President Nelson A. Rockefeller have been doing just that in their appearances before the platform committee.

On the other hand, the President cannot go beyond perfunctory support for Kissinger without risking repudiation by the convention he hopes will give him the presidential nomination next Wednesday night.

Supporters of Ronald Reagan, President Ford's competition for the nomination, recognize this and are constantly probing the sore spots in the debate over foreign policy and national security.

IN TESTIMONY submitted to a platform subcommittee and widely ignored, Reagan's chosen running mate, Sen. Richard S. Schweiker of Pennsylvania, delivered a stinging attack on the secretary of state and the policy that he and the President have been following in foreign affairs. And although the tone may have been lost on the press, it was not missed by party leaders who have been closely following the debate over the foreign and defense planks in the platform.

In his exposition, Schweiker derided the record of what he called the "Ford-Kissinger" stewardship as one "so weak that our platform cannot embrace it." And, in language that even Kissinger's harshest critics from the far right have been slow to use, the Reagan ally said: "I believe that the American people have had enough of cynical big power politics conducted by one man with a briefcase who is more afraid of the American people than of our adversaries."

The impact of the criticism can be best measured against a statement in the draft platform originally prepared as the White House starting point in arriving at a statement of

Republican policy for the 1976 campaign. Although the section on foreign policy never mentioned detente specifically, it defended the Kissinger positions on a whole series of issues and pointedly on his feeling that some questions of national security should be left outside the arena of national debate.

THAT DRAFT platform said the national defense planning should be left to Congress and to the President, and no one else.

"It cannot be the subject of partisan disputes. It should not be held hostage to domestic political advertising," the draft platform said, using language almost identical to that the secretary of state himself used earlier this year in trying to rebut Ronald Regan's attacks on American military preparedness.

Reagan's campaign strategists have not decided yet how far to go in trying to make an issue of Kissinger, but some of the extremists from the right supporting the California conservative have shown little hesitancy.

For example, John East of North Carolina, a conservative academician, spent much of his time testifying before the foreign and defense subcommittee the other day in attacking Kissinger's policies on everything from South Africa to Rhodesian chrome.

THE ASSAULT WAS so harsh that one of Ford's principal spokesmen on the subcommittee, Senate Minority Leader Hugh Scott, felt obliged repeatedly to try to place attacks on Kissinger in the context of Republican public criticism of a Republican President.

One proposal by East, for example, Scott characterized as language that "can only be interpreted as an attack on the present policies of a Republican President. I don't think we should be jumping on our own."

At another point Scott said that the criticism of Kissinger policies meant that Ford was "being wounded" by those who were supposed to be his friends.

A-6

The Washington Star

Friday, August 13, 1976

WELFARE

Continued From A-1

state comptroller's office by the state's legislature in 1971, it has the specific mission of catching welfare fraud, abuse and maladministration. Horan's office received over 20,000 complaints during its first four years of operation. (A House Government Operations subcommittee, which has discovered that the secretary of HEW has only 10 fraud investigators, is preparing a bill to install an Office of Inspector General within HEW.)

Since taking the job Horan has:

* Discovered a high degree of fraud in the issuance of duplicate checks to AFDC welfare clients who claimed their checks were lost or who claimed emergency needs. Failure by the city's welfare department to police the duplicate check issuance system, he asserts, has cost the city as much as $20,246,942.

* Uncovered a Rochester, N.Y., man who allegedly was collecting welfare checks using two names. The claims were approved by the man's sister, a welfare eligibility examiner.

* Traced a sample of welfare checks being cashed by New Yorkers out of state and discovered that one-fourth of them had been issued improperly. Some of the recipients had not lived in New York in years.

"AFTER A while in this job, you aren't surprised by anything," said Horan, who believes that as much as $1 billion of the $6 billion spent on welfare in the state every year is diverted from the legitimate needs of the poor through fraud, waste and mismanagement.

How many of these cases are prosecuted successfully? Horan and his aides don't know. But if his experience in New York is anything like the state of California's record in prosecuting fraud, the conviction rate is probably around 5 percent. Dave Dawson, head of the AFDC section of California's Department of Benefit Payments, claims welfare fraud is generally blown out of proportion by the press.

Alvin M. Thacker Jr., director of the office of administrative review of West Virginia's Department of Welfare, puts the number of prosecutable fraud cases in his state at 4 percent. Of those sent to the prosecutors, though, only a fraction ever get to trial.

FOR YEARS the inherent problem in prosecuting AFDC fraud cases has clouded the debate over welfare and AFDC program managers, 

Some of the 42 governmental employes at York on charges of defrauding the welfare 

Most of these center around the computer. Wayne Dixon, a computer specialist who has studied AFDC problems as a consultant to HEW, recently gave the state of Michigan an interesting proposal.

Using data from Michigan's Department of Social Services, which manages the state's AFDC program, Dixon concluded that a high proportion of welfare error could be traced to a small group and that in this group, a high number of "absent" families are working, many of them in Detroit's auto industry. The likeliest place to find them, he asserts, would be at home with their families for they have never really left.

Dixon estimated that in one welfare office, the Lyndon Street office in northwest Detroit, the monthly loss due to this type of fraud amounts to $2 million.

How Polaroid

WALTHAM, Mass. (UPI) — Polaroid Corp. President William McCune has a dislocated finger and a lump on his head today — the price of his battle with one of the FBI's most wanted fugitives and a buddy who made the list a few hours later.

A source managed to avoid getting

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# South Africa Pledges Help To U.S. Plan for Rhodesia

## Foreign Minister Says Failure Would Provide Soviet and Cuba With New Opportunities for Intervention

By JOHN F. BURNS

Special to The New York Times

JOHANNESBURG, Aug. 13—South Africa pledged full support today for the United States effort to promote a negotiated settlement in Rhodesia, warning that failure would create fresh opportunities for the Soviet Union and Cuba to intervene in southern Africa.

"It will be disastrous for

of Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger for South African support.

"The South African Government welcomes this initiative," he said, referring to Mr. Kissinger's efforts to engage, Britain, South Africa and black African states in the search for a solution. "We are prepared to comply with the request to demonstrate our commitment to Africa by giving our full support for a peaceful outcome."

Excerpts from Muller speech are printed on page 8.

Africa and for the free world if a situation were to be allowed to develop which will give the Russians justification to step in under the pretense that they are acting as the protectors of black Africa," the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Hilgard Muller, said in an address before a congress of the governing National Party in Durban.

In the fullest statement that South Africa has made on its attitude towards the Rhodesian crisis, Dr. Muller gave no details of the steps that Pretoria might take to encourage a settlement. However, he promised a positive response to the bid

### 'Prepared to Comply'

Dr. Muller noted that American officials had acknowledged the key role that South Africa could play in the crisis as Rhodesia's sole source of supplies, but there was nothing in the speech to indicate how much leverage South Africa was prepared to apply beyond diplomatic suasion.

The speech, as much political as diplomatic, appeared designed to ease concern among conservatives here who are suspicious of any South African move that might undermine

Continued on Page 8, Column 5

to bicycles to reach positions in Beirut as a result of the war.

## Lebanon Closes Lebanon Frontier

People seeking to escape the gathering war.

Travelers from Syria in the last few days reported a substantial of Syrian movement between the border and the Bekaa Valley in eastern Lebanon, where the bulk of Syrian troops in this country are stationed.

Lebanese leftists and the Palestinians have reported that Syria was reinforcing its troops in Sofar, about 13 miles east of here on the Beirut-Damascus highway, and at the Christian town of Jezzine in the southern Chouff district, some 22 miles south of here.

In a speech last month, President Hafez al-Assad of Syria said that nearly a million people had gone to Syria from Lebanon in the last year and a half. He said they were Syrian residents of Lebanon as well as Lebanese and Palestinians.

Mr. Assad also drew an analogy between this flow of refugees and the 1971 rush into India from East Pakistan, now Bangladesh. That flow, he said, caused a refugee problem that provoked India into war with Pakistan.

According to Arab diplomatic sources, Syria's ability to absorb the influx may be at an end now. Bread and gasoline shortages in the Syrian capital were reported by travelers in the past week.

They also spoke of security problems, with at least one explosion heard in Damascus every night this week. The anti-Syrian leftist press here printed a statement today purportedly issued by a new underground organization calling itself the "Syrian Revolutionaries" and claiming responsibility for the explosions.

## 37 Priests, Bishops From U.S.

The affairs of our country," he added.

Mr. Manrique said several to the priests had been expelled from their countries: adding that 13 bishops and archbishops and two nuns were among those attending the meeting.

## East Germans Bar Protest

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The Washington Star

Wednesday, July 28, 1976

# Henry's Lesson: An Arab With a German Accent

One of the unforgettable things he learned from Egyptian President Sadat while serving in the State Department, said retired undersecretary Joe Sisco at the huge party Henry Kissinger gave for him Monday night, was that "there is such a thing as starchless spaghetti."

Another was that Syrian President Assad's fascination with history was so deep that the first 45 minutes of every meeting Assad had with historian Kissinger was on history only. As a result,

## Betty Beale

Assad "is one of the very few Arabs I know who speaks English with a German accent," said Sisco.

But amid all the banter exchanged by the host and honored guests, each paid real tribute to the other. "I think you have really earned the titles of the pre-eminent architect of foreign policy in the United States and in the world," said Sisco, who has served under six secretaries of state.

"On the issues of peace in the Middle East, on Cyprus, on UN affairs, his cool judgment, his noisy persistence and his professional skill and dedication have been absolutely invaluable," said Kissinger about Sisco.

A measure of the tribute paid Sisco was the number of parties given him by Kissinger. Henry had told Joe he wanted to give him a party and for him to submit a list; then he left town. Sisco, who became president of American University a few weeks ago, sent in a list of assistants and secretaries for an in-house party. Henry thought it too modest. So he tossed

the big one and followed it up with a dinner of 24 people who were deeply involved in the "shuttle diplomacy" between Egypt, Israel and Syria of 1973-75.

Wayne Hays and his young wife, who decided to brave a social appearance loaded with reporters, said, sober-faced, "it's been tough." But their faces brightened on other subjects. Asked what he thought of Ronald Reagan's choice of Sen. Richard Schweiker as a runningmate, Hays said, "he must be desparate. Schweiker almost never votes with the Republican Party. You know what they're saying on Capitol Hill? That Rea-

gan offered it to Schweiker because Javits turned it down."

Nancy Kissinger, some people said, looks too thin. It worries Henry but he says it's the result of the operation that removed some of her stomach. "If most people ate what she does they would be roly-poly," said Mrs. Lawrence Eogleburger, who went to the Washington Star tennis matches with Nancy the other day and "we ate the whole time. Knockwurst with sauerkraut and potato chips, two or three Cokes and ice cream."

Norwegian Ambassador and Mrs. Soren Sommerfelt were at the State Department reception, Soren fresh in from the Olympics. "Why aren't you at the Olympics? That's where all the social life is," he told a party-goer.

Nancy Reuter, new owner of the Red Fox Tavern in Middleburg, and husband Turner were there and said their son Turner Jr., who is OAS Secretary-General Alex Orfila's partner in Interhorse in Middleburg, left this week to buy horses in South America. "He's going to Argentina, Chile and Peru because thoroughbred race horses there are less expensive than here despite the transportation cost."

"Then there's the excitement of finding a new blood line to breed here," said Nancy. "They're buying potential brood mares and race and steeple chase prospects. They may breed some but they're getting them primarily to sell. Turner will probably have to charter a plane to bring them back. They are also going to bring back some of those miniature horses that are smaller than Great Danes but are perfectly proportioned horses."

"Would you believe it?" said Gretchen

Gorog. "People don't hesitate to open the door to the presidential box and look in." She and her husband, Bill, who is deputy to presidential assistant Bill Seidman, had the use of the Kennedy Center box the other evening and took the Pat O'Donnell and the Leo Dalys to see "Fidler on the Roof." Although the box is always occupied by someone from the White House contingent, more than one overly curious Kennedy Center goer opened the door that evening to see what it looked like inside.

Baron Welton von Thyssen of the famous steel and munitions family in Germany suddenly pops up on the Washington scene as chairman for international development for Wolf Trap. He is even launching the idea at his own dinner party of 70 or more for Elliot Richardson and the Robert McNamaras next Wednesday night at Wolf Trap. And Princess Nora Lichtenstein, who now lives here and is an old friend, will be his hostess.

It seems that the 30-year-old Baron, whose wife died a year ago, decided to embark on a project of his own by buying the control interest in Impecx Inc., a small freight forwarding company here that has branches in Frankfurt and Bonn. Since his stepfather is American he already has U.S. citizenship, so working here was no problem. His committee, he said, aims to attract the support of the international community and international corporations. His ambassador-studded dinner will precede a performance by the Jeffrey Ballet.

Joe Sisco

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