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CHAPTER IV

YALE IN CHINA.

*A Christian Educational Mission in the heart of the Middle Kingdom.*

At the Northfield Summer Conference some years ago, Mr. Dwight L. Moody, introducing Professor Henry Drummond to about five hundred students, said "Now do your best, Drummond, for every man before you counts for ten!" This statement expresses the conviction which moves those who are interested in modern missions in the East, that to influence deeply and permanently these ancient civilizations, their future leaders of thought and action must be moved to think and do the best of which they are capable. Professor Drummond was addressing selected lives, many of whom are to-day standing in the front rank of leadership in various activities and whose influence is counting some ten, some fifty, and some an hundred fold. If, in an atmosphere permeated with Christian teaching and example, we can give the youth of China the educational advantages they are seeking, we may be raising up men, who in commanding positions, will turn the materialistic tide of national life in that country towards Christian ideals.

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The missionary spirit which has characterized Yale since the founding of the college in 1701 was focused in 1902, when the Yale Foreign Missionary Society was organized and incorporated under the laws of the State of Connecticut. The object of the Society as stated in the Constitution is "the permanent support and direction of a mission or missions on the foreign fields, to be manned and controlled by Yale men and to be known as 'The Yale Mission.'"*

Other American institutions of learning, through voluntary and organized contributions, had supported individual missionaries, but none had ever undertaken the daring experiment of manning and supporting a separate mission of its own. The idea was born in the minds of a few members of the Student Volunteer Bands of 1898 and 1900 at Yale, who had attended the Ecumenical Conference at New York in 1900, and that same summer the stirring news of the martyrdom of Horace T. Pitkin '92, at the hands of the Boxers in North China had inspired them with the determination that Yale must see to it that his blood had not been shed in vain. The wisdom begotten of experience was displayed in making the movement from its inception voluntary, non-sectarian and educational. As a voluntary association of Yale graduates and undergraduates it does not commit the Corporation of the University by its actions, nor draw from or encroach upon its funds. Yet from the beginning, it has enjoyed the coöoperation and advice of University officers. As a non-sectarian body not laying stress upon any peculiar creed, it has enlisted among its sup-

* The Chinese characters "Ya-li", the name given to the College in China, imply the College of the Elegant Proprieties.

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porters and in its corps of workers men of different denominations, has secured the interest of the various missionary societies and has commended itself to thoughtful Chinese. As an educational enterprise seeking to meet the avowed need of China for trained leadership, it has escaped much of the suspicion with which officials and literati view evangelistic missions and has secured the aid of men at home who cannot be induced to subscribe to church missions.

It was natural that China should be selected as the field of operations, for no American university is so favorably known there as is Yale, whose sons have long been devoted to the welfare of the Chinese people. Peter Parker '31, first secretary of the American Legation in China, and later American Commissioner to China, founded at Canton the first hospital in the empire, which is still in existence. Samuel R. Brown '32 started the first higher school of western learning in China and gave the initial impulse to that scholastic movement which is revolutionizing the land. Yung Wing '54 introduced western machinery to the empire and organized the Educational Commission which brought numbers of young Chinese to New England in the seventies to be educated and return to serve their own country. And space would fail if we should tell of that long line of Yale pioneers who have cured diseases, built railways, written books, organized commerce and in varied ways have given and are increasingly giving of their best of mind and heart to help China to help herself.

In the year of its organization, 1902, the Society commissioned the Rev. J. Lawrence Thurston '98 to go out to prospect for a location for the proposed

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mission. A home was purchased for Mr. Thurston and his wife in Peking and they settled there to learn the language, and to ascertain by contact with the missionaries and by correspondence, the neediest, most available and most strategic city. After less than a year of service, Mr. Thurston developed an illness which compelled his return to America and resulted in his death. But, before he passed to his reward, the seeds of interest which he had already sown bore fruit in a remarkable invitation from the missionaries of the province of Hunan. The missionaries of ten different societies and denominations in conference at Changsha, the provincial capital, on June 19 to 21, 1903, passed the following resolution:—

Resolved, That the conference extend a cordial invitation to the Yale University Mission to establish an educational center in Changsha. It recommends the societies working in Hunan to entrust the higher education in the province in science, arts and medicine to this mission, and also to work as far as possible in primary education on lines that conform to the plan of higher education that might be adopted by the Yale University Mission. The conference would also recommend the Missions to consider the question of entrusting theological education to the Yale University Mission, but does not feel able to give any indication of what the result of such consideration will be. The conference heartily welcomes the prospect of having University Extension and special work for the Literati carried on in Hunan.

Among these missionaries was Dr. Frank A. Keller '92, of the China Inland Mission, the first foreigner to effect a permanent residence within the walls of Changsha, and to his influence coupled with that of Rev. G. G. Warren of the Wesleyan Mission was due much of the intelligent enthusiasm with which the conference acted. The invitation was transmitted to the

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Society through Mr. Thurston and was carefully considered by the Executive Committee. They recognized the strategic importance of Changsha, an ancient center of Chinese culture and conservatism, with a population of about 250,000 in a province of not less than nineteen million people. The city is situated on the Hsiang river, a tributary of the Yangtse, about 200 miles south-west of Hankow, and on the railway which will some day connect Peking, the capital in the north, with Canton, the largest city in China, in the south. The committee voted to accept the invitation and on October 6, 1903, sent the following reply to the missionaries of Hunan. Though the document is lengthy it is so basic and historical that it demands full printing in an article which attempts to chronicle all important steps in the beginnings of this movement:

To The Hunan Missionary Conference, Changsha, China:

Gentlemen: We acknowledge with profound gratitude the invitation extended to our Society by your body through Mr. Thurston to unite in the work of missions in China with the Protestant organizations now in Hunan, and, in accepting the offer made to us in so generous a spirit of Christian comity, we realize with the honor conferred upon the Yale Foreign Missionary Society the grave responsibilities involved in the high calling thus set before us. The invitation has, moreover, to our minds a special significance as marking not only the ungrudging welcome of your own members to a new society but an evident desire to introduce in the newly-begun work in your province the element of coöoperation with which we cordially sympathize and agree.

In view of the fact that the purpose of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society appears to have been somewhat misunderstood, through press reports in China, it is proper here to advise you of the policy which with God's blessing we

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hope to pursue. While the Society cannot place in the field
so large a number of men as has been rumored, it intends
eventually to send out a sufficient body of well-equipped
instructors to man any educational institution it may estab-
lish. It must also be definitely understood that the Society,
though including officers of the university and of its several
faculties among its most active and devoted members, is not
formed or operated by Yale University as such, but is a vol-
untary association of its graduates.

The aim of the Society is twofold: To establish in our
university an organization capable of enlisting in behalf of
a Christian and philanthropic enterprise the loyal interest of
its members and alumni; and

To direct this interest especially to the welfare of China.

From this it follows that the Society must be without
denominational bias, as our students here belong to all com-
munions; it is also our supreme desire to only add a new
force to those already laboring for the promotion of Chris-
tianity in China, not to conflict with agencies now at work
or interfere with plans contemplated by others. It is a con-
structive not a destructive purpose that actuates us.

With these ideas in mind it has seemed reasonable from
the outset of our undertaking to expect some success in
devoting our endeavors chiefly to teaching. A college com-
munity naturally understands and sympathizes with the
needs of another college and can supply its intellectual
requirements.

In establishing its institution of learning in China the
intentions of this Society are: (1) To furnish a company
of missionaries who are strongly and sincerely Christian as
well as men technically fitted for educational work. (2) To
assist China in her great need by raising up through such
an institution a body of native students acquainted with the
truths and accepting the spirit of Christianity; by training
these men as effectively as possible in scientific and advanced
studies to become leaders in their own country; and by
reproducing in the Far East the wholesome moral and social
influences of an American college community. (3) To
coöperate with the missionaries of other societies in unifying
and making effective the Christian schools of the province

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so that they may be of the highest service to the church and
may become an object lesson to the government schools in
the country.

To outline such a scheme for higher education, although
our ultimate "university" purpose is clear, does not imply
the expectation of immediately accomplishing great things.
We realize perfectly that it requires years to equip an edu-
cational establishment of this sort and to prepare its teach-
ers, but for our own sakes—for the reflex influence of the
work undertaken as a broadening and deepening factor in
the university at home—and for the cause of Christ and
civilization, we are determined to persevere.

It is our earnest hope that the missionary groups in Hunan
and others so far as possible, will concur in this conception
of the work we are asked to take up. We need their counsels
and prayers, and we entreat also their patience in our inex-
perience and during the inoperative years when language-
study and the slow work of foundation-building must be
our main task.

The success of such an undertaking depends largely
upon the ability and consecration of the working staff.
The representatives sent out have fully justified the
confidence reposed in them. The first of these, the
Rev. Brownell Gage '98, and his wife, a fully qualified
physician, arrived in China in March, 1904. They
spent the first year in the study of Chinese at Hankow
and in laying plans for the securing of property for
the school at Changsha. Mr. Gage has served the
mission as chairman, treasurer, dean of the Collegiate
department and chairman of the Governing board.
While on furlough in 1910-11, he secured his M.A.
degree from Yale in the department of education,
finished work at Union Theological Seminary, for
which he received his B.D. and was ordained to the
ministry at a service in Battell Chapel. The Rev.
Warren B. Seabury 'oo joined the Gages at Hankow

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in November, 1904, and in March, 1905, the three
moved to Changsha where, until a permanent habita-
tion could be secured, they rented quarters in the
buildings of the Norwegian Mission. The personal
charm and unusual ability of Seabury made a deep
impression upon official Chinese and his loss to the
mission by drowning, in August, 1907, was a calamity.

The passing of these pioneers, Thurston and Seabury, at a time when their aid seemed indispensable, was a severe blow, but their lives are yet speaking to generations of Yale men in the tablets placed in Memorial Hall, in New Haven, in their biographies* and in their memories at Changsha, which are bracing rather than depressing. Dr. Edward H. Hume '97 left medical work in India to accept Yale's call, and arrived at Changsha in July, 1905. His whole-souled devotion to the practice and teaching of medicine as a Christian physician and his rare linguistic gifts have made him a marked man in China. In recognition of his services, he was granted the honorary degree of M.A. at the Yale commencement in 1912. In October, 1906, the Rev. William J. Hail, B.D. '04, M.A. '06, a son of missionary parents in Japan, where the name of Hail is as prominent in missionary circles as that of Hume in India, arrived at Changsha. Mr. Hail has served the mission in the offices of registrar, bursar, dean of the preparatory department and treasurer, in addition to carrying, like all other teachers, a full schedule of class work. He has also led the students in physical drill and given some training in running

* "A Life with a Purpose" (a memorial of John Lawrence Thurston), by H. B. Wright, New York, Fleming H. Revell Co., 1908.
"The Vision of a Short Life" (a memorial of Warren Bartlett Seabury), by Rev. J. B. Seabury, Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1909.

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81

and thus encouraged physical development and clean
sport, an essential part of education for Orientals unac-
customed to the benefits of bodily exercise. In Novem-
ber, 1908, Miss Nina D. Gage, a sister of Brownell
Gage '98, assumed the position of Supervising Nurse.
Miss Gage is a B.A. '05 of Wellesley, and R.N. '08 of
the University of the State of New York. She
received her professional training in the Roosevelt
Hospital in New York. Dickson H. Leavens, B.A.
'09, arrived in Changsha in September, 1909, on
a three-year appointment with the understanding
that if recommended by the Mission he should be
permanently appointed and should return to America
at the end of that period for further preparation. His
salary during the three years was generously provided
by a classmate. Mr. Leavens' services proved indis-
pensable, and at the conclusion of his work in the
Yale and Columbia Graduate Schools after receiving
the M.A. degree in Mathematics in 1915 at Yale he
resumed his position at Changsha.

In Fu-Chun Yen, Yale '09 M.D., the mission
secured its first American-trained Chinese. Dr. Yen
was educated in the preparatory and medical depart-
ments of St. John's College, Shanghai, until 1903.
Subsequently, he had valuable professional experi-
ence among his countrymen in the Transvaal. He
took the full course in medicine at the Yale Medical
School, graduating with distinction, and, after accept-
ing an appointment to the Yale Mission Hospital,
he proceeded to China, via England where he took
work in tropical medicine for which he received
the degree of D.T.M. (Doctor of Tropical Medi-
cine) from the University of Liverpool in 1909. Dr.

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Yen arrived at Changsha in February, 1910, and during the lengthened furlough of Dr. Hume, from the summer of 1911 to the fall of 1913, he was in charge of the hospital. By the appointment of Dr. Yen the mission initiated the far-reaching precedent of receiving on terms of equality Chinese colleagues who have had adequate foreign training, and introduced the kind of leader to whom, in the fulness of time, the Yale enterprise will be entrusted. At the annual meeting of the Society in 1909, before returning to his native land, Dr. Yen gave his *apologia* for devoting his life to this work. He said:

> My firm belief is that China must have Christianity. No matter how fast she is able to learn the sciences and the modern inventions of the West and to utilize them in the development of the country, if the hearts of the people remain unchanged, China cannot be transformed into a truly great nation. The work of purifying the hearts of the people must be done through Christianity. The quickest and the most efficient way of Christianizing her will be through education. It will be through just such institutions of learning as the Yale College in Changsha.

Dr. Kenneth S. Latourette (B.S. McMinnville '04, and Yale B.A. '06, M.A. '07, Ph.D., '09) joined the staff at Changsha in August 1910. Upon the earnest solicitation of officials of the Student Volunteer Movement, the Executive Committee of Yale in China reluctantly allowed him to spend the year previous to his going to the field in traveling through the United States and Canada in the interests of the Student Volunteer Movement. The effects of application to Chinese studies, climatic change, and duties in the school so affected his health that, after an illness in China, he was obliged to return to America to recu-

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83

perate in the spring of 1912 and has up to the present been unable to resume his post. The Rev. Edwin D. Harvey (Yale B.A. '07, M.A. '09, B.D. '10) was ordained to the Christian ministry, May 12, 1910, in Battell Chapel by an interdenominational council called by the Church of Christ in Yale University. So far as is known, it was the first interdenominational ordination to take place in America. After a year's study in Germany under the direction of the Executive Committee, Mr. Harvey joined the staff at Changsha in October, 1911, and has served the college as secretary and librarian for some years. James W. Williams (B.A. Yale '08, M.A. Trinity College 1915) accepted a permanent appointment in October, 1912, with the understanding that, after completing a teaching engagement at the Choate School, he should pursue further graduate studies in America. The multiplying duties of the home office, however, made it necessary to draft Mr. Williams for executive service in 1913-14. With the appointment of Mr. Amos P. Wilder '84, as Executive officer, Mr. Williams was relieved and began his specialized preparation for teaching in the fall of 1914.

Very truly does Dean Gage report of the faculty that our service to China has been rendered and our reputation made by the quality of our teaching force. The brightest star on our eastern horizon is the fact that there is something in the purpose and work of the institution which grips the interest of the kind of men we need. The best type of men at Yale feel the appeal of the work we are doing and are willing to come out here. When they come for a short period, they are eager to remain and invest their lives here.

The first of those to reinforce the permanent staff by a temporary residence was Dr. William H. Sallmon

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'94, who volunteered to relieve the strain at Changsha caused by the growth of the school and the loss of Warren Seabury. He arrived there in the fall of 1908, and returned to America in the summer of 1909 where he became Secretary of the Executive Committee.* During part of Dr. Hume's furlough in America, from September 1911 to April 1913, Dr. Herman C. Little, M.D. Yale '10, assisted Dr. Yen at the hospital. Dr. Little assumed charge of the foreign patients and of the greater number of operations and helped in the wards and clinics. Harold V. Smith, B.A. '12, and Oliver C. Morse Jr., B.A. '10, accepted appointments, the former for one year and the latter for two years, with a view to permanent appointment, and arrived at Changsha in September, 1912. Both came back to America for further preparation when their terms expired; the former returning to the staff as instructor in geology in the fall of 1916. Paul S. Achilles, B.A. '13, and S. Ellsworth Grumman, B.A. '13, accepted one year appointments and taught at the school during 1913-14. It was Mr. Achilles who first effectively introduced modern methods and ideas of athletics. In the same year, the medical staff was strengthened by Dr. Alfred C. Reed (B.L. Pomona '06, M.D. Bellevue Medical College '10), to serve as physician for one year, and Miss Beatrice Farnsworth (R.N. Johns Hopkins Training School '12), to serve as nurse for two years. Four recruits, Donald P. Frary, Robert S. Platt, Robert M. Scotten of the class of 1914, and Harold W. Smith 1914 S. joined the ranks in that year.

* Mr. Sallmon filled this position with great effectiveness until he resigned in 1914, owing to ill health.

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Their places were taken upon their retiring in the following year by F. L. Chang 1913 S., M.F. 1915, a trained forestry specialist, and A. D. Fisken and J. D. Robb, both of the Class of 1915. Dr. D. T. Davidson (B.A. Yale '09, M.D. Univ. of Penn. '13, D.P.H. '14) and Mrs. Davidson (M.S. Women's College, Philadelphia, '13) reached Changsha in March, 1916. Dr. J. R. B. Branch (B.A. Johns Hopkins '04, M.D. '08) and Mrs. Branch reached Changsha December 25, 1916. The following under appointment sailed in the fall of 1916: James W. Williams, B.A. '08, M.A. '15, wife and two children; R. W. Powell (B.S. Michigan '11, C.E. Cornell '14, and Ph.B. Yale '16) and wife; Harold V. Smith (B.A. '12, M.A. '16) and wife; H. J. Dunham (ex-College of New York) who goes to be Business Agent; Miss Marguerite D. Warfield (Johns Hopkins Training School for Nurses '14); Miss Gertrude P. Carter (Hartford, Conn., General Hospital '15, and Johns Hopkins Training School); Nelson M. Graves '16 S.; John D. Shove '16; Russell H. Lucas '16.

Honorable mention should be accorded to Mrs. Lawrence Thurston, who returned to China in 1906 and did an instructor's work in teaching sciences in the school until her resignation in 1911 to accept the position of prospective head of the Woman's department of Nanjing University; to Mrs. Gage, a graduate of the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia, for assistance in clinics and attendance upon many female patients, whom it might have been otherwise hard to treat; to Mrs. Hume, who rendered valuable assistance with Mrs. Thurston in the work of the nurses, the care of supplies and in social and religious efforts

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among native women; and to other wives of the faculty, who have generously volunteered time and services without money and without price.

These workers have not thrust themselves upon an unwilling community. They have received many evidences of appreciation from the literati and the Provincial Government. They have recognized the opportunity for service to a great nation at the time of its new birth, "the greatest opportunity," says Dr. Arthur H. Smith, "any university ever had for doing a matchless work for humanity." They have assembled a corps of native assistants, who, in school and hospital and Christian homes, have constantly before them an exemplification of the spirit of Christianity and who, in that atmosphere, are rendering devoted service.

The faculty and their families have been encouraged and the work has received impetus from time to time by the visits of Yale men. In 1904, Professor Harlan P. Beach, of the Executive Committee, and the Rev. Henry W. Luce '92, together with Dr. Frank A. Keller '92, and Dean Gage, were received by the Provincial Governor. In the spring of 1905, during the visit of Mr. James B. Reynolds '84, a notable series of interviews was granted to the Yale missionaries, when Messrs. Reynolds, Gage and Seabury were received by Tuan Fang, a famous and scholarly Manchu Governor of Hunan, afterward murdered in the Revolution of 1911. The Governor proffered good advice, especially as to the need of a broad rather than a specialized training. While visiting New Haven the following year as Imperial Commissioner of China, His Excellency expressed his good-will in these words:

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87

I am particularly interested to see Old Yale the tree from which springs the New Yale in my province, Hunan. All of the officials in China, including myself, look upon this project most favorably, and we will do all in our power to further the work.

Making due allowance for Oriental courtesy, this statement was prophetic of a changed attitude from hostility to toleration, or even friendliness, on the part of the official class, and as go the high officials in the Orient, so go the people, for it is profoundly true in China according to the proverb, or at least it was under the old régime, that "Great men are the mirrors by which the people dress themselves." Regarding his visit to Changsha, Mr. Reynolds wrote:

> I had long conferences with Gage and Seabury and wish that all the other trustees of the Society could plan for a similar visit. I am sure that they would without exception leave the place as enthusiastic as I am regarding our opportunity and the spirit and ability of the men we have chosen to undertake the work.

In June, 1907, Professor Beach attended the first commencement exercises of the Collegiate School and delivered an address in which he explained the reasons for bringing Western learning to the heart of China. In November, 1907, Mr. Amos P. Wilder '84, then U. S. Consul General at Hong Kong, while journeying from Hankow to Canton before the days of railroads in that region, paid a visit to Changsha, which he reported in glowing terms:

> It is Yale at her best, this foundation in Hunan . . . .
> Some day there'll be five hundred and then a thousand, and
> Yale will mean even more at Peking and on the Seats of the
> Mighty, and the old saints and sages in Yale's coronation list
> will lie silent in their graves as if this potential thing did not
> trace back to their dreams and faith.

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Yale in China

In 1910, Mr. Harold Phelps Stokes '09, of the *New York Evening Post*, and Mr. Allen T. Klots '09, on their way around the world, pushed past modern China to Changsha, brought inspiration and took away golden opinions as it is hoped increasing numbers of Yale travelers and globe-circlers may do.

The Gages and Seabury had reached Changsha in March, 1905. It was felt that, though the study of Chinese necessarily prevented them from teaching, their presence in the city would accustom the inhabitants to tolerate foreigners and would, in the course of time, pave the way for securing property. The missionaries devoted themselves immediately to the arduous and complicated process of finding and securing a suitable site and property. Negotiations through mediaries and intermediaries, inscrutable to the Occidental mind, resulted in the conveyance of a plot of land two or three miles south of the city walls, which seemed at the time to be the only available site. Later developments made it seem advantageous to abandon the idea of building at this place and to seek property north of the city. Meanwhile, the Society received from the class of 1848 a gift of $2,000 in memory of the Rev. Henry Blodget, '48, who spent forty years of his life in North China, and in August 1904 the British Minister handed to the Mission a fund of TIs. 38,357 ($24,345.78), from an indemnity payment (known as the Chen Chou Fund) obtained from the Chinese Government for the murder of British subjects at Chen Chou; the Yale Mission, because of its educational character and interdenominational standing being in a position to receive the money when others could not.*

* Consul General G. M. Playfair wrote under date of August 31, 1904: "This sum you will use exclusively for the benefit of the

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A gift of $10,000 gold from a Yale graduate made possible the purchase in August 1906 of buildings and land on the main thoroughfare (West Monument Street), in the center of Changsha, for TIs. 10,700. The rambling buildings were altered to contain dormitories, classrooms and chapel, and residential quarters for the faculty. Here in 1906, on the 1st of the 10th Chinese moon, i. e. on November 16, the opening session of the school was held by Messrs. Seabury, Hume and Hail, and three Chinese teachers, Mr. Lin, Mr. Tsai, and Mr. Kao. The thirty students were selected by competitive examination from fifty applicants, the required subjects being Chinese classics, history and literature, arithmetic and geography; also as optional subjects, English, history and natural science. Dr. Hume wrote of the opening as follows:

> At eight o'clock on Friday morning, November 16, the exercises of the school were commenced by prayers. It was a very simple service externally viewed, but it was full of great meaning to every one who is connected with or interested in the progress of the work of the Yale Mission. The exercises were conducted by Seabury. We were able to sing a hymn, Mrs. Hume officiating at the little organ. After prayers, each member of the Chinese and American teaching staff said a few words, and we were ready for actual work.

Thus Ya-li started with a larger membership and faculty than Mother Yale had at her beginning two hundred years ago.

The first catalog, 1906-07, a modest pamphlet of

inhabitants of the province of Hunan. You will render an account of your disposal of this money to His Majesty's Government, and you will make known to the people among whom your work will be carried on, the circumstances of this gift, as indicated in my despatch of July 24."

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sixteen pages, states that the purpose and aim of the institution is

to instruct Chinese students in all branches of modern science in the most complete way . . . . to broaden the learning of its students, build up character and train in loyalty to the Empire and patriotism to the Nation.

The preparatory department is first established; the other departments will be inaugurated as students appear who are fitted to attend them.

In the five-year preparatory course are English, mathematics, chemistry, physics, geography, drawing, European and Asiatic history and Chinese classics taking the places of Greek and Latin. Thirty-five dollars (Mexican) was charged each student for each of the two terms for board, tuition and uniform. The tolerant Christian position of the institution is expressed in these words:

> All the Trustees in America, as well as the American resident instructors, are believers in Christian truth, and they wish to make the College an illustration of true Christianity. Thus the College proposes to keep Sunday and hold religious exercises thereon; nevertheless, its students have full liberty to follow their own religion.

There is a suggestion of Alma Mater in required attendance at daily chapel at eight o'clock and at Sunday worship, and the century-old New Haven custom of bowing the President out is retained for state occasions when "students shall bow three times to the faculty members."

The timeliness in opening the Yale School was thus described by Professor Beach:

> The work of the Yale institution has begun at a critical point in China's educational development. The great exodus of her students to Japan has proved disappointing. Before

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any study of sciences or other branches can be begun the Japanese language must be mastered as the medium through which instruction is given. This involves a great loss of time and has led many students to return within a year. This short sojourn there has not sufficed to give them any adequate knowledge of Western learning. On the other hand, it has plunged them into a veritable maelstrom of temptation to the grossest vices and has subjected them to the influence of radical or even revolutionary Chinese reformers, so that they return home with little useful knowledge and much that is harmful to personal and national life.

The desire for western learning which swept over China about this time took thirteen thousand of her young men to Japan for study in 1907, but the influences mentioned by Professor Beach had reduced the number to five thousand in 1909, and subsequent events withdrew nearly all of these.

The two-storied buildings within the city "compound" where the students were lodged, fed and taught and part of the faculty lived were rebuilt and enlarged from time to time until at the end of five years the number under instruction had doubled and in eight years it had trebled, totalling more than a hundred with applicants in greater number than could be received. The premises were always inadequate and not entirely sanitary and gave grave concern to the Executive Committee for the health of the students, the faculty families and especially their little children. The pressure for more commodious quarters outside the city walls where more room and better ventilation could be secured than within the crowded city was emphasized by the remarkable growth of the medical department. As the school had been gradually and consistently developing into a college under

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the wise guidance of Dean Gage so the hospital and dispensary had again and again burst their bounds under the unquenchable enthusiasm of Dr. Hume.

The beginnings were modest and meagre. A letter from the faculty dated at Changsha, April 5, 1907, announced "A dispensary and small hospital will be opened this spring by the Medical Department of the Mission, to prepare the way for a medical school." A building located across the street from the school was leased for six years at a rent of eighteen dollars per month. This was remodelled to contain a dispensary, eight beds for the more serious cases, sleeping rooms for the staff, a room for classes in medicine and facilities for both medical and surgical treatment. During the first seven months, from September 1, 1907 to March 31, 1908, 1229 patients were seen at the dispensary, 40 in-patients were treated in the hospital wards and 283 out-patients were seen mostly at their own residences. The degree of confidence shown by the natives, especially in their willingness to be operated upon, was amazing. Officials advised great caution in receiving very ill patients and subjects for operation lest disturbances might be aroused against foreigners, yet in these first months ten operations were performed under general anesthesia, twenty-four under local anesthesia and fourteen without anesthesia. Such results indicate an opening of the eyes of the understanding on the part of the Chinese to the quackery of native doctors. They have never, apparently, studied anatomy scientifically, know little of the reasons for actions and counteractions, have very little knowledge of surgery, and, as a rule, cannot

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set a bone. Men whose limbs could be easily healed may be seen on the streets of Chinese cities as permanent cripples. Many of them have probably received from the native doctor plasters, or even medicines to take internally, for their broken bones. The cures wrought by foreign doctors, for instance on paralytics and the blind, are to these people like the miraculous stories of the New Testament. A man has been shot by brigands or by marauding troops and is paralyzed down one side as a result. The foreign doctor opens his head, takes out a little piece of metal and the man begins at once to walk and talk. Or, a woman blind from cataract, goes to the foreign doctor and receives her sight.

Important as this ministry of healing is, the Yale Mission from the beginning has kept steadily in view the greater need of medical education. Years before the Rockefeller Commission visited China to investigate her medical and surgical needs and discovered that an army of foreign doctors, even if available, could not solve the problem, the Yale men had reached the conclusion that the Chinese must be taught to heal themselves by modern methods, and not rely, except for the present, upon foreign medical men. The country is so vast and the need of medical men so extensive that all the doctors and surgeons in America could be utilized in China. Such a great invasion, or even enough to make any wide impression is impracticable. The solution must be the training of Chinese doctors. The American Board deputation to China in 1907 expressed this feeling in their report, "The great medical work in China will be the training

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of Chinese medical men." This has always been the profound conviction of Drs. Hume and Yen, who have also felt just as strongly that the scientific minds of New China must be charged with the Christian spirit. The medical work found favor not only in the eyes of the people but also among the officials, some of whom made generous contributions towards its extension. The quarters were enlarged until they could be made to hold no more. In six years the total number of beds had been increased to 45. The total number of patients treated in the hospital wards in the year ending March 1913 was 400; while 14,639 out-patients were seen, of whom 3,318 were classed as medical, and 8,552 as surgical, cases. In addition, there were 713 out-calls to the homes of Chinese and foreigners. In the establishment of a Public Health Bureau, a Red Cross Society, a city hospital, the treatment of opium patients and the suppression of the pneumonic plague the leadership of the Yale staff was eagerly sought.

In the riots of 1910, when much foreign property in Changsha was destroyed, the Yale property was defended and preserved by the good-will of the gentry and the friendliness of neighbors towards both school and hospital.* After the interruption of work occa-

* A free translation of the poster which saved the hospital from destruction in the riots of 1910 is as follows: "The Yale Hospital is truly a rented building, and inasmuch as at this crisis they have abandoned it, the residents of these streets have sealed it to keep it from harm. To relieve the needs of the poor, a fund for purchasing rice has been started which will amount to one hundred thousand, and all are gladly contributing. Having given you notice of this in advance, under no circumstances must you injure the property.

The Residents of
Yoh Wang Street,
Hsi P'ai Lou"

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Yale in China

sioned by the riots, as also after the revolution, the opportunities for advance were unprecedented. A more friendly feeling on the part of officials made possible the purchase of a much-desired plot for building in a suitable locality, and a scheme for coöoperation with the Government in medical education, conceived by Dr. Yen, and endorsed by the Governor, was, after Dr. Hume's return from America, furthered by the latter with his contagious enthusiasm. Such an unheard-of proposition brought great encouragement to the supporters of the Yale work at home and abroad. The third Hunan Missionary Conference meeting at Changsha, June 24 to 27, 1913, resolved that:

> We recognize God's leading in the friendly approach of the Hunan Government to a missionary society requesting coöoperation in medical education without religious restriction and believe that such a coöperative endeavor would offer an unprecedented opportunity for exerting Christian influence upon the rising generation of doctors.

They recommended that societies working in the provinces coöperate in order to make it an efficient union enterprise, that a cablegram be sent to the Executive Committee in New Haven, "urging a favorable reply to the request of the Government for their coöoperation in medical education," and that a letter be written from the conference to the Governor "expressing satisfaction at his proposal that Chinese and foreigners work together in this important department of educational endeavor." The Chinese proposed to furnish land for the erection of medical school buildings and to provide the funds for current expenses, except the salaries of the foreign staff, and a Yale

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graduate who had previously offered $12,500 for a
hospital building increased his offer to $150,000.*†

The development of the building program and the
conception of necessary outlay have been considerably
altered by the increased cost of materials and labor
and economic and social factors involved in the unfor-
seen and rapid changes in the New China. In a circu-
lar issued by the Executive Committee in 1904 it was
announced that the fund, originally about $25,000,
entrusted to the Society by the British Government,
"makes possible the erection of a recitation and faculty

* The China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation voted in 1915 an annual subvention of $16,200 for five years to be used in engaging certain members of the faculty of the Medical School. A number of these appointments have already been made. It is important for Yale givers to this work to understand that this aid is exclusively for medical work and new work; and is conditioned on sustained support by the Yale constituency (July, 1916).

† Under the Siangya Agreement (ratified by the Governor of Hunan province May 15, 1914) between the Hunan Ru-Chun Educational Association and the Yale Mission, it was provided that a Hospital and one or more dispensaries, a Medical School to conform to the regulations of the Board of Education, a School of Nursing and a Department of Obstetrics, and a Laboratory shall be operated under joint supervision. The native Educational Association (made up of gentry and literati) agrees to erect a Medical School building and a Nurses' building at a total cost of about $156,000 Mexican with the alternative of substitution of native official buildings; also to meet annual running expenses but not to exceed $50,000 Mexican. The Mission agrees to provide the Hospital and salaries of Western graduated medical teachers, physicians and nurses. The Board of Managers includes ten Chinese and ten Yale Mission representatives. "Since physicians have a very intimate relationship with society, the teachers engaged shall in addition to giving instruction in the principles of medicine lay stress on moral character. Moreover they may outside of the required curriculum explain and lecture on the principles of religion. But respect shall be paid to everyone's individuality of belief." The agreement is for ten years. Provision was made for preliminary financing until the opening of the new Hospital (about March, 1917) and of the Medical School (Fall of 1916) and it is gratifying to report that the Chinese paid in $30,000 in 1914-15 and $25,000 in 1915-16 as they pledged.

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97

hall and a dormitory,” and “a fully equipped hospital
can be erected for ten thousand dollars.” Another
circular issued in 1909 pushes up the figures;

The Executive Committee is greatly desirous of securing $12,000 for a hospital and instructional building for the medical department and also $9,000 for three residences for professors. If to these sums $4,000 could be added making a round $25,000 we should be fully equipped with apparatus and be able to build walls about the campus and do some necessary grading.

In 1911, through the help of Dr. Yen, a tract of nearly twenty acres was acquired about half a mile from the North gate of the city, near the new railway station on the line between Hankow and Canton. This new campus was purchased for about $19,500 from the Chen Chou Fund. The chairman of the Executive Committee wrote of the larger plans entertained at this time:

Plans are prepared for a dormitory, lecture-hall, library, refectory, hospital and five faculty residences, some few of which are already promised either wholly or in part. Without an expenditure of about $75,000 on the college buildings, and as much more on the hospital and its laboratories, it will be practically impossible to leave the present buildings, and consequently to grow in the least particular.

The architects, Murphy and Dana of New York, who gave their services to the Society without profit over expenses, worked out a plan of buildings placed around a series of quadrangular courts, adapting the Chinese style of architecture to modern uses in a way which won approbation at home and abroad. In 1913, the Committee was able to announce the gift of a hospital to contain one hundred beds and provision for laboratory work, and so constructed as to provide for future

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enlargement; $10,000 from Miss Olivia Phelps Stokes for a chapel to be named the Atterbury Memorial Chapel; three faculty houses at $3,500 each, later increased to four at $4,500 each, including one provided in part by the Blodget Fund; about $10,000 subscribed towards a library in memory of Warren Seabury, and $18,000 promised towards a dormitory building. It was estimated that $25,000 more would be required to provide the minimum plant to enable the mission to move from its crowded and unwholesome quarters to the open country. In addition to the property and funds enumerated, the Society owns two bungalows and lots at Kuling among the hills on the Yangtse to which the faculty and their families repair during the intense heat of the summer. One of these cottages was purchased with the proceeds of the sale to the American Board of the house bought for Mr. Thurston at Peking, and the others by specially provided funds.

A decisive step in the building campaign was taken in 1913 by the employment of Mr. Stanley Wilson of New York as supervising architect in charge of construction, and of Mr. George W. Shipway, an engineer living in China, to initiate building operations. Mr. Wilson arrived at Changsha in December, 1913, and the first sod in excavating for the new dormitory was turned on February 28, 1914, by Dean Gage. An interesting sidelight on the difficulties to be overcome in working on a plot encumbered with rice ponds and graves, and the spirit with which the builder undertook his task, is contained in the following extract of a letter from Mr. Wilson:

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Contracting for work here is a slow process, especially in our case because we are asking the builders to estimate on kinds of work they never have done, so that it takes considerable explaining before they understand what is wanted. In the store yard adjoining the office on the property we have several hundred cubic yards of broken stone and over 100,000 brick. The stone is all handbroken chiefly by famine refugees who work for three hundred cash a day. A cash is about one-twentieth of a cent, gold. The bricks are made ten miles south of the city and are brought down the river in junks and carried by coolies to the site half a mile from the river. Owing to the expense of native lumber we find it cheaper to use Oregon pine, 300,000 feet of which we are expecting in June. All supplies for plumbing, heating and electric work, as well as the hardware, must come from home. We are exciting great interest among the more progressive of the contractors by our methods of doing things, the result of which, we hope, will be of lasting good to the people at large, as they will benefit by having their houses built in a more substantial and modern way.

The continuance and enlargement of this enterprise so auspiciously launched in faith and prayer depends upon the immediate provision of adequate resources. It will require faith and works—energetic works—to keep out of debt and to maintain and increase what has been established through the efforts of the Executive Committee. This committee of nine men, seven of whom are members of the faculty or officers of the University, have generously cooperated in the provisions of ways and means. They have employed a secretary-treasurer on full time, and members of the staff on furlough have given their aid, the campaign of Dr. Hume during his first furlough yielding large results. The money required for building and the

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increase for current expenses occasioned by the extra-
ordinary growth of the work, call for the raising of
an endowment, and this may require the employment of
a Field Agent who shall devote all his efforts to the
cause. The Executive Committee discharges in gen-
eral the responsibilities of a Foreign Mission Board,
selecting and commissioning missionaries, conducting
the active management of the Society and preparing
and securing the budget. In the first year, 1902-03,
an initial fund of $12,225 was raised, including a loan
of $5,000, and $915 in annual subscriptions. This fund
was spent largely in sending Mr. and Mrs. Thurston
to China and in purchasing the residence for them
at Peking. The budget this year calls for $29,000.

The salaries of married men are fixed at $1,200 each, and of the unmarried men and nurses at $800 each. Allowances for children are at the rate of $100 per year for each child under seven years of age and $200 for each child between seven and fourteen. An allowance of $300 per year is also promised for each unmarried child between fourteen and twenty-one but the Society is not obligated beyond a maximum allowance of $1,000 per annum for the children of one family. Insurance is also granted to insurable members, the standard being an annual premium on $10,000 straight life insurance in the case of a normal risk of twenty-five years of age. Summer allowances are added for travel to and from Kuling, at the rate of $75 per annum for each family and $30 per annum for each unmarried missionary. Traveling expenses are at the rate of $325 for each adult going to or from the field. Outfit allowances provide $500 for each family, or $250 for each unmarried missionary on the

first journey to the field, or $250 when needed for
refitting at the end of the first furlough. Two men
are secured if possible each year without salary,
whose allowance for board is $513, and the allowance
from New Haven for general expenses of school and
hospital, including rents, repairs, salaries of personal
language teachers and Chinese faculty is about $6,000.
This budget is paid quarterly in advance from New
Haven and is contributed in large part by Yale alumni
in annual and occasional subscriptions ranging from
$1 to $200.* The undergraduates, through the Chris-
tian Association, contribute from $1,200 to $1,500 per
year. Efforts have been made from the beginning
to secure the support of each missionary among his
classmates. While the proposition has merit and a con-
siderable amount has been raised in this way, no single
salary group has been completed, and it has not been
found practicable to rely upon the plan. The only royal
road to successful money-raising seems to be the
ordinary method of getting all the solicitor can on
the strength of any interest or connection which can
be presented. The Society cannot appeal to churches
which have their own missionary agencies to care for,
and must therefore rely chiefly upon the Yale brother-
hood. The amount required to meet the budget does
not come easily and, making due allowance for grow-
ing income on the field, it will increase with the
demand for more teachers and doctors and ordinary
expenses occasioned by the new buildings. In addi-
tion to what can be secured by annual pledges and
occasional gifts every effort must now be made to
interest wealthy Yale men in providing the endowment

* The total number of subscribers in 1914 was about 900.

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which alone can place the business on a substantial
basis. Several welcome bequests have already been
received by the Society, and it is known that others
are contemplated, but the time of receiving these is
uncertain and the present need is urgent.

Meanwhile, other funds must also be cared for. The Administration Fund, started by the Treasurer in 1908, is an accumulation of gifts by friends, several of whom are not Yale graduates, for the expenses of the home office. This fund has covered heating and lighting of the office, printing, stationery, typewriting, postage, cables, and most of the salary of the Secretary. This arrangement which appeals to some who are interested in the executive officer and his work, and who would not otherwise contribute, enables the Society to send the contributions of Yale men to China without reduction. In 1905 the home office was established in comfortable and convenient quarters on the college campus at 233 Durfee Hall without expense to the Society, largely through the efforts of Mr. Arthur C. Williams '98.* Mr. Williams, who was prevented from carrying out his desire to spend his life on the foreign field, had spent himself unselfishly at home as a member of the Executive Committee from its inception and was its first assistant-treasurer. The headquarters are not only the office of a working organization but a center where students and visitors are received and introduced to the visible memorials of its activities. They also serve as a meeting-place for the Chinese students of the University.

* The preliminary meetings of the Executive Committee were held in Dwight Hall until the formal incorporation took place at the home of Secretary Stokes, 73 Elm St. Here the regular meetings of the Executive Committee were held for a year or two prior to the securing of quarters in Durfee.

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With the coming of Dean Jones and the new plan of grouping college classes in adjacent dormitories the rooms in Durfee were required by the college authorities, who offered the present commodious offices at 5 White Hall. The Blodget Fund, a gift of $2,000 from the class of 1848 towards the building of a Faculty house, in memory of Dr. Henry Blodget '48, amounting to $2,882.08 in 1914, was raised to the necessary $4,500 by the generous gift of Mrs. M. W. R. Wayland. The Hoppin Fund, originally $1,456.88 from the estate of the Rev. J. M. Hoppin '40, increased by interest in 1914 to $1,866.07, has been designated for the purchase of a bungalow at the summer resort in Kuling. These two funds (Blodget and Hoppin) which have been maintained separately now fall naturally under the Building and Land Fund, Mr. Thatcher M. Brown '97, Treasurer. This Building and Land Fund, opened by the Treasurer of the Society with sundry specified gifts in 1910-11, amounted in 1916 to $123,500 paid in, and several unpaid pledges. To carry out the present building program for which plans have been completed to include a dormitory for 130 students and two instructors, a lecture hall, a chapel, a library, four houses for married professors, a hospital, a sewage system, an electric lighting plant and pumping station, a central well for water supply, a brick wall around the property for privacy and protection, about $70,000 must be secured additional to the funds mentioned. To these, in the not-distant future, must be added dormitories and lecture halls to accommodate not less than 500 students, a dining hall, an administration building, additional faculty houses and a gymnasium with athletic field. Two other specified funds are sepa-

104 Yale in China

rately maintained, the Joy Bed Fund, a gift of $1,000 from Mrs. James Joy, in memory of her husband, James Joy, '69, the interest of which goes towards the support of a bed in the hospital; and W. J. Hail Insurance Fund, a gift of $1,500, the interest on which, in addition to $200 per annum set aside by the Executive Committee, is accumulating as insurance for Mr. Hail. The Yale in China Woman's League, organized in 1911-12 largely through the efforts of Mrs. Edward H. Hume and Mrs. Edward B. Reed, raised the funds in 1915-16 for two American trained nurses, a woman physician, one Chinese district nurse and three free beds in the hospital.

The property and funds accumulated or expended in the first twelve years of its existence by this purely voluntary association of Yale men represent an altruistic out-reaching of that energy known as the "Yale Spirit" which is encouraging and prophetic. The assets of the Society in 1916 may be stated roughly as follows:—

Land and buildings in Changsha $120,000
Land and buildings in Kuling 3,500
Balance in all funds and pledges 11,000

Total $134,500
Total which may be added, for hospital and other buildings $200,000

The administrative machinery of the Society was admirably designed. The membership consists of all graduates and undergraduates of Yale University who have contributed during the year to its work whether by funds or services. These members elect half of a Council of forty members in groups of five annually,

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each group serving four years, the remainder being a permanent body including officers of the University, faculty members and alumni residing in New Haven. Thus representation and advice from alumni in all parts of the country and from different college generations was provided for. The Council has final decision in all matters of large import pertaining to the Society. Recognizing the historical connection of Yale with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and the advantages to be obtained through association with a well-established, thoroughly-equipped and trusted missionary organization, the Society elects to its Council three members of the Prudential Committee of the American Board. The Board on its part gives to the Society its moral support and good offices, and places at the disposal of the Mission its agencies for the purchase and forwarding of supplies and funds.* The Council commits the active management of the affairs of the Society to an Executive Committee of nine members,

* The following is the basis of the relationship of the Mission to the American Board, as set forth in the constitution. As there agreed, the Yale Mission "affirms its earnest desire to labor in harmony with the Board," elects the President and two members of the Board as members of its council, and sends it a copy of its yearly report. On its part the American Board:

"1. Gives its hearty support to the Yale Mission, recognizing it as an undenominational missionary movement, independent of any existing board, but acknowledging a connection with the American Board, as provided above.

"2. Places at the disposal of the Yale Mission its agencies for the purchase and distribution of missionary supplies and the forwarding of funds.

"3. Will give to the Yale Mission, in case of any important difficulty arising with native governments or people, the same moral support and good offices with the home government, if necessary, as would be brought to bear in the case of one of its own missions under similar circumstances."

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men of different denominations, clergymen and lay-
men, selected at the annual meeting of the Society and
Council held on the evening of Baccalaureate Sunday.
As a matter of fact the Executive Committee does the
work and accepts the responsibility for its acts. The
meetings of the Council are formal and it would be
difficult at any time to assemble a majority of its
members to discharge its constitutional functions.*

As the Society has been fortunate in enlisting
the services of a staff characterized by high scholar-
ship, sound judgment, splendid enthusiasm and con-
secrated character, it has likewise been blest in the
quality of its leadership at home. The first two presi-
dents were, Dr. Timothy Dwight, '49, 1903-04, the
revered ex-president of the University, and Professor
Henry P. Wright, '68, 1904-06, for twenty-five years
beloved dean of the College. The present president is
Mr. Clarence H. Kelsey, '78, one of New York's lead-
ing business men and a member of the Yale Corpora-
tion. The vice-presidents have been the Right Rev.
Edwin S. Lines, '72, 1902-09, Protestant Episcopal
Bishop of Newark, Mr. Amos P. Wilder, '84, U. S.
Consul General at Hong Kong and later at Shanghai,
appointed Executive Secretary since his return to
America, and Mr. Ye-tsung Tsur, a graduate of Yale
in 1909 and at present President of the Tsing Hua
College in Peking. The first recording secretary was
Mr. William Sloane, '95, 1902-10, chairman of the
Advisory Board of the University Christian Associa-
tion, followed by Professor Henry B. Wright, '98,

* At the annual meeting held at Commencement 1916, constitutional changes were effected which substitute for the old Executive Committee a Board of Trustees of fifteen members ultimately to be chosen in three classes of five years' term each.

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1910-12, the acknowledged leader of undergraduate
religious activities, and Dr. George Blumer, '07 Hon.,
Dean of the Yale Medical School. Mr. Pierce N.
Welch, '62, president of the First National Bank, New
Haven, and benefactor of Yale, served as treasurer
until his death in 1909, when he was succeeded by Mr.
William H. Sallmon, '94, assistant treasurer, who
served as Treasurer and Executive Secretary until he
suffered a breakdown in 1914. Mr. James W. Wil-
liams, '08, assistant treasurer, who had been assigned
to field work, was then called in to take up temporarily
the duties of treasurer and executive secretary until
the arrival of Mr. Wilder in September 1914.

The Executive Committee has had from the first an
able, wise and devoted chairman in Professor F. Wells
Williams, '79, and he is supported by Professor
Harlan P. Beach, '78, professor of the Theory and
Practice of Missions, the best-known missionary author
and editor in America; Professor Williston Walker,
'01 Hon., a member of the American Board; the Rev.
Anson Phelps Stokes, '96, secretary of the University;
Professors Lester P. Breckenridge, '81 S., George
Blumer, '07 Hon., Dr. J. C. Greenway, '00, Professor
Edward B. Reed, '94, and Messrs. Samuel Thorne, Jr.,
'96, and Arthur C. Williams, '98. Three of the mem-
bers who have served during the formative period of
the mission's affairs, Messrs. Beach, Williams and
Sallmon, have visited Changsha and have consequently
had personal knowledge of the exact situation and
needs, while two others have been in China. Men who
rendered acceptable service on the committee in the
earlier years were: Dean Henry P. Wright, '68, Pro-
fessor Frank K. Sanders, '89 Hon., formerly dean

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of the Yale Divinity School, and Mr. Lewis S. Welch, '89, former editor of the *Yale Alumni Weekly*. The office of assistant secretary, now assigned to the University secretary of the Yale Christian Association, was formerly filled by Mr. Arthur C. Williams, '98, the Rev. D. Brewer Eddy, '98, and Mr. William H. Sallmon, '94. There was added to the Committee in 1914, Mr. H. Harold Vreeland, Jr., '12 S., former secretary of the Sheffield Christian Association and now Registrar of the Sheffield Scientific School. Two officers of the Society who have rendered valuable gratuitous service from the beginning are Mr. Eli Whitney, '69, who has audited the accounts, and Dr. Walter B. James, '79, who has acted as medical examiner of candidates. The administrative work of the home office has been cared for by men who already had their hands full, Messrs. A. C. Williams, D. B. Eddy, E. B. Reed and W. H. Sallmon. In 1912-13 the experiment was tried of appointing a Field Secretary with an office in New York to give his whole time to the stimulating of intelligent interest among the alumni and to the raising of funds for the budget of current expenses and for building. An office was secured in the Presbyterian Building, 156 Fifth Avenue, and Mr. Howard Richards, Jr., '00 S., was appointed with the title of Associate Secretary to work under the direction of the Finance Committee consisting at that time of Messrs. Kelsey, Sallmon and Thorne. Professor Beach conducted the correspondence with Changsha as general secretary until, by constitutional change, that office was abolished, and the duties committed to the Executive secretary.

The burdens of the executive officer became so

onerous that, when Mr. Sallmon was obliged to give up his work, it was realized that the time had come in the development of the enterprise when a leader must be found whose energies should be devoted solely to the cause. It seemed providential that Mr. Amos P. Wilder, '84, former U. S. Consul General in China, should be available. He is a man peculiarly fitted by temperament, training and ability to add to the reputation and usefulness of the work. He knows China and the Chinese because of his residence at Hong Kong and Shanghai, and a visit to Changsha in 1908 made him an instant champion of Yale's chosen field and endeavor. In view of his appointment to manage the affairs of the Society, it is interesting to recall his impressions of the city, the faculty and students and the opportunities presented as published in the *Yale Alumni Weekly*:

Changsha itself is a city of wealth, of political importance, it is the abode of many retired officials, its government schools are of high native standard; it is styled "the cleanest city in China." It is a field where a hearing is most needed but only America's best can secure it. Each teacher at Changsha has a history of quality . . . no ordinary men are sent out. Their stories are found in the records of scholarship, athletics, and literature, in the honors of professional schools and in the hearts of classmates. We visited the classrooms. I even made a few remarks to the young men. The Hunan youth are not so finished in appearance as the Cantonese, where for a century foreign contact has burnished them. But there is something leonine about them—a strong suggestion of silent power. A university is being built up that shall offer the highest form of training to young men. It is a Christian institution but broadly so. In China, many an American, for the first time, realizes what a full program Christianity proposes—much more than an election of one of two permanent abodes. It is a promise to be led into

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## II O

### Yale in China

all truth, and this means for China cleanliness, physical as well as moral, common honesty, official rectitude, a renovated home life. Money is needed for the new plant and for general purposes. Men who know what a force in the Empire is one Chinese, highly educated on modern lines, self-respecting, and ambitious for his people, do not need incitement to give to such a work as Yale men are doing in Hunar

It is extremely fortunate that such a man of broad Christian sympathy and practical experience should be chosen to rally the Yale forces and lead them in the era of expansion now at hand.

It would be impossible to tabulate the influences set in motion by this movement, but it may, even at the risk of some repetition, be valuable to sum up the more outstanding results achieved at home and abroad. Starting in 1902 with a group of earnest men possessing faith in the historic continuity of the consecrated Christian spirit of Yale, and inspired by a vision of the need and opportunity for service presented in China, the interest of an enlarging group of leaders has been enlisted, who, in turn, have engaged the services of a number of Yale men of whom Dean Wright says, "They rank well among the best men that Yale has graduated during the past ten years." The Society has kept out of debt, has raised a budget averaging about $20,000 per year, and has accumulated property at Changsha and Kuling which is constantly increasing in value. It has conducted a campaign of education which has won the sympathies of more than eight hundred alumni who contribute to its funds, many of whom are not interested in missions in the abstract; has introduced to the undergraduates a wholesome, altruistic purpose which has called forth their contributions partially

## III

### Yale in China

supporting their representatives on the field, and an entire issue of the "Yale Record" wholly kindly in tone! It has advertised Yale in a way to counteract in some measure the heralded misdeeds of individuals or groups often magnified and discolored by yellow journalism. As the pioneer in establishing an educational mission in the Far East, it has influenced the students and alumni of other universities in similar undertakings. Its success has strengthened the hands of the churches and given encouragement to all missionary bodies at home. On its chosen field in the capital of an anti-foreign province the Mission has largely overcome the hostility naturally levelled against foreigners who are regarded as exploiters of mines and other natural resources, desecrators of graves, and wholly given to self-profit, and has dissipated, or even turned to friendship in the case of many in high places, the prejudice which at first regarded the Mission as an impertinent work of supererogation or a disturbing proselytizing agency. Governors and other officials send their gifts and propose coöperative effort, educated literati send their sons to be instructed, and wealthy gentry assist in the purchase of property. These are some of the amazing things that our ears have heard and our eyes have seen.

It was not found possible "to begin operations with a college of the thorough-going Yale sort having preparatory and collegiate courses" as the founders proposed. It was necessary to begin with such students as could be found, most of them with imperfect elementary education, and take them up through the grammar and high school grades, thus laying foundations for the college that was to be. The foundations

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were well and truly laid. The first class to finish the five year course graduated in 1911; in the three graduating classes of 1911, 1912 and 1913 there were eight students—while Yale college at home had only five graduates in its first three classes—and in 1914 the Dean at Changsha was able to write an article telling of the “Alumni and non-graduates of Ya-li.” Extra-curriculum activities such as glee club, literary society, athletics and Young Men’s Christian Association have helped to develop team work and a spirit of school loyalty. In the progress towards self-support six-sevenths (in 1913) of the salaries of the Chinese staff and the running expenses of the dormitory and boarding departments were met by income from tuition. The hospital has alleviated untold suffering, has gained many and strong friends and has stood in the community as a witness for Christian charity which could not be gainsaid. The medical department has instructed the people in modern hygiene and preventive measures, has secured the establishment of an isolation hospital, a tuberculosis sanatorium and a Red Cross Society and has been entrusted with the supervision of anti-opium treatment throughout the province of Hunan, thus discharging some of the functions of both a city and a state Board of Health. It has given elementary instruction in medicine and surgery to a group of native assistants, thus laying the foundations for the medical school and nurses’ school, and has set unusually high standards for entrance to and graduation from these schools. In conference with the Chinese authorities it was determined that students should be admitted to the study of medicine only after two

Yale in China

113

years of collegiate study following a standard high school course, and five years of true medical studies were deemed a necessary preliminary to the medical degree. At the entrance examinations in 1913, 961 candidates registered, of whom 325 were for the preparatory department of the medical school, 523 for the school of male nurses, and 113 for the school of female nurses.

The Mission represents a ministry of service the meaning of which the conservative Oriental mind gradually but surely perceives. Already there are signs that the leaven is slowly permeating and that the work of transformation has begun. The following paragraph from the report of the Dean in 1912 is full of significance, encouragement and prophecy:

> Towards the close of the term we learned that five or six of the students have been greatly moved by the Christian message and are on the point of applying for baptism. Among the number are some of the best and most respected students in the school.

The form in which the sons of Yale are delivering the message of light and truth is the most appealing to the Oriental—an acted parable to a parable-loving people. The inner meaning of the parable, the spirit of it, is succinctly and beautifully expressed in the following extract from a letter written by an officer of the Mission in Changsha to a friend in New Haven:

> Christianity is to me a spirit rather than a doctrine,—a spirit toward God and toward man, to be first conceived and then gradually lived up to. And I look upon our mission as an exemplification or expression of that spirit. The classical expression is the good Samaritan and the prodigal son. We have found a neighbor in need, in sore need of education, and we take it to him as efficiently and scientifically as we

YALE IN CHINA PROGRESSING.

ANNUAL REPORT SHOWS CO-
OPERATION OF CHINESE WITH
VARIOUS MOVEMENTS.

Medical Department Decided Success—
Training School for Nurses Under
Way—Athletic Training of Students
Looked After Carefully.

The annual report of the College of
Yale in China, published at New Haven
early in October, is an account of excel-
lent progress being made in this well-
established effort to inaugurate higher
education of the best Christian type in
Central China. This report is drawn up
under two heads to describe the work
of the two departments, College and
Medical. The College has a history of
eight years of teaching behind it, and
during this time it has won itself a place
of great esteem among the gentry of the
provinces, who are quick to appreciate
effective work. It has grown steadily,
till now there are enrolled a hundred and
forty sutdents, under seven American
instructors and as many more Chinese.
teachers. The Medical Department has
maintained a hospital, the first to be
established in the city of Changsha, and
it has won the favor of the people of the
city as no other means could have done.

etc., as regular work will begin on fifth page.)

Beginning Monday, November 2, ketball will not be allowed on between 4:30 and 5.

PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT

The last year of a Middle school course and the first two years of a High School course are now open to students. The third year of the High School will be open in 1909.

TERMS OF ADMISSION.

Evidence of good moral character and a satisfactory examination in the following subjects :-
- Arithmetic, through fractions, common and decimal;
- Geography, general and Chinese in particular;
- Chinese, the Classics, History, and Composition.
A competent guarantor is required for unknown students.

EXAMINATIONS IN OTHER CITIES.

Examinations for admission may be held in any city where missionaries agree to superintend them in person. Papers will be sent upon application by such missionaries. The answers, when returned, must be accompanied by the signed statement that the missionary was present throughout the examination.

ADVANCED STANDING.

Candidates for classes above the lowest must pass an examination in English and the studies already pursued by the class they wish to enter.

STUDIES.

English, Chinese, the Bible, geography, history, hygiene, physics, music, and mathematics. Other sciences will be introduced in the later years of the course.

LE FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY,
the Yale Collegiate School and Hospital, Changsha
5 White Hall, New Haven, Conn.

ates and a trained nurse now represent
Changsha. We have enlarged our quarters
waiting-list. We have purchased a Camp
for the buildings. Two professors' hou-
uals, and we are looking for friends wh-
ro dormitories, a recitation building, an
a budget of about $18,000, for salaries an-
iate at this time a renewal and, if possi-
l. Checks should be made payable to

WM. H. SA

urer,
ale Station,
New Haven, Conn.

ose herewith
{ money order
check
cash

for $...

to The Yale Foreign Missionary Socie-
Very truly yours,

Signed

Address

[2]

CALENDAR.

First term begins, 20th day of first moon; ends June 25. Second term begins Sept. 8; ends 15th day of 12th moon.

FEES, INCLUDING BOARD AND UNIFORM.

Middle School, $80. High School, first two years, $70. High School, last two years, $60.

All fees are payable in advance.

SCHOLARSHIPS

May be given in case of need, upon sufficient
recommendation. Except in unusual circum-
stances, these do not include charges for board
and uniform.

PRIZE SCHOLARSHIPS

Are given to the students receiving the highest
marks in all studies and in conduct, one in each
class.

Prospectus will be sent upon application to
the Dean, Brownell Gage.

NORMAL SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

A NORMAL CLASS

Especially for the teachers in mission schools,
will be opened September 8th, 1908.

COURSE.

One term, September to the 20th of the 12th
Moon.

## PREPARA

The last year
the first two years
open to students
School will be open

### TERMS OF ADM

Evidence of good factory examination Arithmetic, through decimal; Geography, particular; Chinese Composition. A course for unknown student

### EXAMINATIONS

Examinations any city where mis them in person. Pass cation by such mis returned, must be statement that the throughout the exan

### ADVANCED STAN

Candidates for pass an examination already pursued by the

### STUDIES.

English, Chinese history, hygiene, physics. Other sciences will be of the course.

[ 3 ]

## TERMS OF ADMISSION.

Satisfactory recommendation of character, creditable Chinese scholarship, with a pur- teach.

### STUDIES.

Applied psychology and pedagogy, arith- geography, history, hygiene, physics, the Chinese reading and writing. Most of the to be studied chiefly with the aim of finding methods of teaching them, with such equipment as may be had in the ordinary sc

### LANGUAGE.

Chinese only will be used in all classes

### FEES.

Three dollars for the term. Boarders charged three dollars per month extra, but in this department may board and room the school if their attendance is regular.

### ADVANCED COURSES.

Further courses for teachers may be later, according to the demand and the re- of the college. The course now offered experiment.

### REGISTRATION.

Missions desiring to send teachers to the course are requested to register the candidates before July first. After that date, correspondence should be addressed to Kuling. Only a number can be accommodated, and in many applications, the later ones may be

Address correspondence to Mr. Brown.

THE YALE FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY, Inc.
Supporting the Yale Collegiate School and Hospital, Changsha, China,
5 White Hall, New Haven, Conn.

DEAR SIR:

Eight Yale Graduates and a trained nurse now represent us on the staff of School and Hospital at Changsha. We have enlarged our quarters this year in order to let in some of the school waiting-list. We have purchased a Campus of about twenty acres and are planning for the buildings. Two professors' houses and a hospital are promised by individuals, and we are looking for friends who will give us two more faculty houses, two dormitories, a recitation building, and a library. Meanwhile we must provide a budget of about $18,000, for salaries and current expenses.

We should appreciate at this time a renewal and, if possible, an increase of your valued subscription. Checks should be made payable to

WM. H. SALLMON, Treasurer.

## COMMENT

The Palmer Memorial Princeton vs. Dartmouth information conveyed to public by the press. Act 24, 1914, means infinite Princeton than the mere football game; it meansaugmentation of the Pan StADIUM, a revenue-producing hall large on the create, asathletic and scholastic led, etc., as the beginning in of a new ketball which may be allowed on between 4 and 6.

WM. H. SALLMON, Treasurer,

Yale Station,
New Haven, Conn.

DEAR SIR:—I enclose herewith

{ money order
check
cash
}

for $...................., being my

subscription for this year to The Yale Foreign Missionary Society.

Very truly yours,

Class....................

Signed ....................

Date....................

Address ....................

["YALE IN", "THE YALE FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY, Inc.\nSupporting the Yale Collegiate School and Hospital, Changsha, China,\n5 White Hall, New Haven, Conn.", "ANNUAL\nOPERATI\nVAR", "DEAR SIR:", "Eight Yale Graduates and a trained nurse now represent us on the staff of\nschool and Hospital at Changsha. We have enlarged our quarters this year in order to\nget in some of the school waiting-list. We have purchased a Campus of about twenty\nacres and are planning for the buildings. Two professors' houses and a hospital\nare promised by individuals, and we are looking for friends who will give us two\nmore faculty houses, two dormitories, a recitation building, and a library. Mean-\nwhile we must provide a budget of about $18,000, for salaries and current expenses.", "We should appreciate at this time a renewal and, if possible, an increase of\nyour valued subscription. Checks should be made payable to", "WM. H. SALLMON, Treasurer.", "WM. H. SALLMON, Treasurer,", "Yale Station,\nNew Haven, Conn.", "COMME\nThe Palmer Men\nPrinceton vs. Dart\ninformation conveye\npublic by the press.\n24, 1914, means in\nPrinceton\nfootball gan\nauguration\nStadium, a\nwill loom la\nathletic and\net, at the ushering\nBeginning Mor\nnetball will not be\nbetween 4:30 an\n\nDEAR SIR:—I enclose herewith\n\n} for $...................., being my\n\nsubscription for this year to The Yale Foreign Missionary Society.", "Very truly yours,", "Class....................................

SUPPORTING THE YALE COLLEGIATE SCHOOL AND HOSPITAL
IN CHANGSHA, CHINA

Yale University, New Haven, Conn., April, 1911.

Dear Sir:

A relatively small number of Yale graduates established six
years ago a College and Hospital in the middle of China, and they
have supported them ever since. During these six years Yale her-
self has received more money and increased her influence abroad
more rapidly than in any six previous decades.

YALE IN CHINA is one of those unusual enterprises that Yale
men have always been famous for--where other people seem to get
the benefit, but the credit comes to Yale. The going concern
which would receive large gifts is the one which itself gives out
something of value all the time.

The College thus set up in Changsha is trying to teach China
to help herself without unnecessary interference with her own
habits or institutions. The officials of the place have showed
their approval of the project by sending their sons to our School,
the people by sparing our buildings when they attacked those of
other foreigners in the riots of April, 1910. A recent change of
sentiment there on the part of the gentry class has just enabled
us to acquire twenty acres of desirable property for a Campus.

We need money now to build upon this property, as much as we
can get. But we need even more the support of a larger number of
Alumni who are willing to give what they give annually--anywhere
from two to two hundred dollars--and stand behind a characteristic
Yale proposition. Another physician and another professor must be
sent out this fall to keep up work now well begun. We have to
raise at least $3,000 more this year than we did last, and next
year we shall use twenty times as much in building.

United English Service

HELD IN

Fuh Ch'ing Kiai, Changsha.

(House of REV. W. H. WATSON.)

List of Preachers, Oct. 4 '08 to Feb. 28, '09.

Each Service at 5 p. m.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Oct. 4 th</td><td>Rev. J. W. Wilson,</td><td>London Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 11 th</td><td>Bishop L. H. Roots,</td><td>Am. Prot. Epis. Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 18 th</td><td>Dr. E. H. Hume,</td><td>Yale Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 25 th</td><td>Rev. M. B. Birrel,</td><td>Chr. and M. Alliance</td></tr><tr><td>Nov. 1st</td><td>Rev. W. H. Sallmon,</td><td>Yale Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 8 th</td><td>Rev. H. Jowett,</td><td>Wesleyan Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 15 th</td><td>Rev. W. J. Hail,</td><td>Yale Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 22 nd</td><td>Rev. G. G. Warren,</td><td>Wesleyan Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 29 th</td><td>Rev. Brownell Gage,</td><td>Yale Mission</td></tr><tr><td>Dec. 6 th</td><td>Rev. M. E. Ritzman,</td><td>United Evang. Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 13 th</td><td>Mr. Allen N. Cameron,</td><td>Broadcast Tract Press</td></tr><tr><td>" 20 th</td><td>Rev. A. A. Gilman,</td><td>Am. Prot. Epis. Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 27 th</td><td>Rev. J. A. O. Gotteberg,</td><td>Norwegian Mission</td></tr><tr><td>Jan. 3rd, 1909.</td><td>Rev. W. H. Watson,</td><td>Wesleyan Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 10 th</td><td>Rev. T. L. C. Suhr,</td><td>United Evang. Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 17 th</td><td>Rev. V. Johnson,</td><td>Wesleyan Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 24 th</td><td>Rev. C. D. Little,</td><td>" "</td></tr><tr><td>" 31st</td><td>Rev. W. W. Gibson,</td><td>" "</td></tr><tr><td>Feb. 7 th</td><td>Rev. M. B. Birrel,</td><td>Chr. and M. Alliance</td></tr><tr><td>" 14 th</td><td>Dr. E. H. Hume,</td><td>Yale Mission</td></tr><tr><td>" 21 st</td><td>Rev. W. H. Sallmon,</td><td>" "</td></tr><tr><td>" 28 th</td><td>Mr. T. T. Giffin,</td><td>" "</td></tr></tbody></table>

Yale in China

The college at Changsha has reached an important stage
in its development, and every Yale alumnus ought to have the
opportunity to know about it at first hand. The Executive
Committee of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society has asked
Dr. Edward H. Hume, '97, who has been six years in Changsha,
to act as its Field Secretary during the present winter so that he
may, in person, tell Yale men at many centers, of the progress
already made, and may outline the program of development
that is imperative in the face of a remarkable educational
opportunity.

WILLIAM H. SALLMON,

*Executive Secretary.*

NOVEMBER, 1911.

THE PHILOSOPHIA SOCIETY

No. 1

JUNE, 1911

Vol. 1.

THE HISTORY OF THE PHILOSOPHIA SOCIETY

The English Speaking Society of The Yale College in China was begun in 1909. It was composed of the students of the Second Class. The first term of the next year (1910) the students of the First Class did not come, (Since the class has change year by year, so there was no society in the school.)

The second term of 1910 there was an English Speaking Society begun in the Fourth Class (Now the Third Class). The rule was that only that one class's students could be members, but now all the school may belong. This April (1911) we also made an English Speaking Society for our class. Several weeks afterward we remembered that we come to school not to study English only, so we change the name of our Society and tried to do something to help in all the subjects that we are learning.

This is a short history of our society which my friends asked me to write for our society.

John E. S. Han,
President.

THE RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PHILOSOPHIA SOCIETY

I. Members are allowed to use Chinese in talking with one another only on Saturday afternoons. If they use it at any other times they shall be fined by the president.

2

The Philosophia Society

II. If members, in talking with each other during the week, are unable to express their ideas in English they may go to the school guest room and use Chinese.

III. In case any question arises not provided for by these rules, the president shall call a meeting for the society to consider it.

IV. The society shall meet each Friday afternoon at half-past four, at each meeting there shall be two speakers, of whom one shall be a teacher or student of another class who shall have been invited by the president, and other a member so selected by the society.

V. The society shall print a semi-annual magazine, the money for which shall be raised among the members by voluntary subscription. In case the members' subscription should prove insufficient the president shall endeavour to secure the balance from the teachers.

VI. Every member shall each week write an English composition which the president shall ask one of the teachers to correct. Any member, however, may at any time, in case he is too busy, omit the composition for the week.

THE NAMES OF THE MEMBERS

Mr. John E. S. Han.

” Y. Zee.

” Jeffrey C. Chen.

” K. Yang.

” T. K. Chu.

” D. C. Liu.

” H. Pen.

” K. S. Dai.

韓恩綬

徐淵

陳樞

楊焜

朱德光

劉敦樂

彭騫

戴夔生

The Philosophia Society

# OUR SCHOOL

W. J. Hail.

Dean of The Yale College in China.

The Yale School was founded by a society of men organized in Yale University about ten years ago. They wanted to do something to help Chinese students who are learning western subjects. The best way they could find for doing this was by starting a school where they could teach what they had learned from their school. One of the great motives which all Yale men in America have, is to help other people and do useful work.

Krowing that some of the things they had learned would also be of value to China at the present time, they sent the teachers and doctors to Changsha to open the school and hospital here.

These teachers and doctors come with one motive, namely, to put into practice and to teach to the people here the subjects that have been of value to them and to make useful men of the students who come to the school. This is a very hard task. There are very many difficulties in the way. China is a very old country and has an ancient civilization; America is a new country with a new civilization. The Chinese students who are learning about the Western civilization and science, have also their anceint civilization and their ancient manners and customs to keep and make use of. we hope in our school to make our students understand what are the important sciences from the West, and yet to go from the school with a love for all that is good and valuable in the Chinese learning and civiligation. There is nothing more pitiable than a Chinese who despises the good customs and the excellent literature of his ancestors. But if he wishes to make his country strong, each man must reform the evils in

4

The Philosophia Society

the land and prepaer himself so as to use the best things that can be used to advance his country. Some of these things come from the West. Some are already here.

In our school we hope to have students who will learn to work hard and get the best education they can; who will love China and use all they get to help her; who will be best and good and true men; and who cannot be bought at any price. If we are able to do what the school was founded for, we shall develop that kind of men. They will carry all their work what we have learned to know and love as "The Yale Spirit" — the spirit of service that seeks to bring light and truth to all places where there is now darkness and ignorance, the spirit that was really brought into the world among the hills of Galilee where the Son of Man walked, and taught and lived it.

## YALE UNIVERSITY.

D. H. Leavens.

Teacher of The Yale College in China.

Yale University is situated in New Haven, Connecticut, a city of more than one hundred thousand inhabitants about two hours by railroad from New York. It was founded in the year 1701 with a few students and teachers and has grown since then to a University consisting of nine different schools, with five hundred teachers and officers, and more than three thousand students.

About one third of the students are from the state of Connecticut, but the rest come from every state and territory of the United States, and then are also nearly one hundred from foreign countries including sixteen from China. Of the different schools, the largest two are the College, which gives a general education, and the

The Philosoophia Society

5

Sheffield Scientific School, which trains men for scientific and engineering work. Together these two schools contain two-thirds of the students. The others are in the Graduate School, for higher studies, the Art School, the Music School, the Forest School, the Theological School, the Medical School, and the Law School.

The University has more than fifty buildings for recitations and for students to live in, covering a large amount of land. These are in the central part of the city, so that there is not very much room for playing ball and tennis, and the field for these games are some distance away.

Most of the students in the College live in buildings be-
longing to the University. These are usually arranged for
two or three students to live together, sometimes in one room,
sometimes with two small bedrooms and a larger one for a
study. As in a college the students must study in their own
rooms, these must be larger than in a school where they only
sleep in their rooms. Usually the students of the same class
will live in the same buildings, for each class has more than
three hundred students, and it is difficult enough to know all
the students in one class, without trying to live with and be
come acquainted with many of other classes.

The students are allowed to eat wherever they wish. About one thousand eat in the "Commons" or University Dining Hall, where food is provided by the University at its cost. This is a very large building, with about one hundred long tables, each seating ten or twelve students, and when it is full it is a very interesting sight to see numbers of students coming in and out and eating, and the negro waiters hurrying about the room with large trays of food. Some students join together in clubs of ten or twelve and eat at some private house where they pay for their food.

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The Philosophia Society

Students usually have fifteen hours a week of recitation but the lessons are often much longer and require more time to prepare than the lessons in our school here. Students are allowed to choose some of the things that they study, and there is a large variety of different subjects, so that some times two students in the same class may be studying entirely different things. Various prizes of money or books are offered every year for excellence in studies or for writing essays.

A large part of the students take part in some kind of athletic games or exercise. In the spring and fall, many students play tennis, baseball, and football, or run and jump or row in boats. In the winter, when the weather is not good for outdoor sports hundreds of students go every day to the large gymnasium, where they exercise with dumbbells and various machines, or swam in a large tank of water.

Beside their studies and exercise, most students do some other thing in the life of the college. There are many things to choose from. There is a newspaper published every day in the college, which takes the spare time of many students, and there are several others published monthly for which the students write stories and essays. Those who can sing or play some musical instrument join the musical clubs, which give concerts every year; those who can act, join the Democratic Association, which gives two or three plays every year, while a large number of students take part in the work of the Young Men's Christian Association, which has Bible classes among the students, and also has many clubs for the poor boys of the city, to which the students go to play games with them and teach them. There are also many societies among the students which are chiefly for pleasure and friendship.

The Philosophia Society

While there are many students who are very rich, there are others who are poor. They often do some kind of work and earn the money for much or all of their expense in college. Many students wait on the table bringing food to other students; others work in stores in the city; those who are good in their studies earn money by helping rich students who and stupid in their studies. In all, these students earn many thousands of dollars every year. The other students do not despise them because they must work, and if they are the right kind of men they are often very much liked and honored by their fellow students. Of course, if they work, they do not have so much time to be with their classmates and made friends, but otherwise they are as well-treated as the richest student.

There are many old and interesting customs among the students, but there is time to mention only a few. The Senior or highest class is allowed to do many things that the others are not. For instance, only Seniors are allowed to go outdoors without hats, even in warm weather. The Fresh-men, or members of the lowest class, are not allowed to sit on a fence in the courtyard of the college. These and many other customs, of course are not made by the teachers, but by the students and have been observed for many years, with -out any particular reason, except that they are customs.

## THE YALE MAN

K. S. Latourette.

Teacher of the Yale college in China.

We frequently hear or see the phrase, "A Yale Man". What does it mean? What kind of a man fits these words? It means, of course, that he has studied at Yale, but those

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is far more in the phrase than this. It means that Yale he
influenced his character, has trained him to live up to certain
ideals, has changed his life in some way, so that when he
see him they recognize that he has been at Yale, and the
he is showing in his life the things for which Yale stands.
For what does Yale stand? What are the main characteristics of the real "Yale Man"?

First of all, Yale stands for a clean, healthy body. Yale
is known for honest healthy sports, for playing games and
playing them well, for living much in the open air. She
believes that if a man to do his best work in the world he
must have a strong body, must know how to take care of it,
and must have learned how to keep it under control and to
make it serve him. Moreover, Yale teaches in her games not
only control of the body, but "team play". She teaches her
sons to work together, without quarreling to help each other,
and all men who are fighting for the right, each doing in his
the part he can do best, and each helping the other man to
do his part.

Yale stands not only for a strong body, but for a clean,
honest, well-trained mind. She believes in teaching men to
think for themselves, to think honestly and fearlessly. She
tries to give to her students a little insight into the knowledge
which the wise men of the past have handed down to the present,
and no encourage them to add to it.

Yale stands for true democracy. She teaches that poor or
rich, all of her sons must have a fair chance, that a true man
should be recognized as such, no matter what cloth he wears
or from what class he springs, and that each man should stand
on his own merits. She detests false pride, snobbery, and the
feeling that a man is disgraced because he works with her

The Philosophia Societvy

9

hands. Yale teaches, too, the true safeguard of any democracy, the duty of the educated man to give his life in service for others. She teaches her sons that they must use their lives not for themselves but for their fellows, that they must serve their country, whether as private citizens, officials, or as ministers and teachers in the church. As a result all through the world there are Yale men giving their time and talents to lifting up their fellows, either through private life, as officials, through the church, or in philanthropic enterprises which embody the spirit of the church.

More important than any of these characteristics of the Yale man is his spiritual nature. At the center of the Yale seal are words meaning "Light and Truth" grouped on and around an open Bible. It is for this that Yale has always stood, the conviction that "the fear of the Lord is the beginning of, wisdom, that reverence to God and loyalty to him who is made known nowhere better than in the Scriptures, are at the foundation of every well-rounded, fully educated life.

## THE BUDDHIST TEMPLE AT SHANGHAI

R. S. Pan, Teacher of the Yale College.

Some of the most conspicuous features in China at the present day are the old Buddhist temples. They can be found in almost every city. The Cheung waung temple at Shanghai is a good example. Near the door way of this temple there is a tree said to be brought from India, a speci -men of the bodhi tree. A shoot of tree under which Buddha sat; croaching lions at the side of the door are the emblems of Shakyamuni, He is the king of men as lions are King of beasts. At the front door a martial figure with

10 The Philosophia Society

defiant look appeared armed to the teeth, with sword in
hand, the image of Veda. The four figures having black
blue, red, and white faces are also at this door. Between
them and the south wall two figures in military attire stand.
These are the two generals Heng and Ho. In the same build
-ing opposite the door na image of Mei-Li-Fo, his statue is
very short with breast and abdomen exposed. Behind him
stands the image of Wei-Do-Bvo-Sth Oo-Veh-Wei-Do pro-
tects this temptle. He clapt in complete armour and holding
a sceptre shaped weapon.

Then comes the great Hall in which are Shakyamuni
and a select number of his disciples. The former is sitting on
the lotos leaf with a young man and an old man on his right
and left sides, On the east and west stand the eighteen Lo-
Hans. Along the north wall stand the image of Buddhas
teacher and six other images. Behind the three central
images, there is the image of Kwan-Ying. She was painted
in bright colours. Omi-Do-Veh rules the western paradise.
Public auctioners and theatrical perfomers are in front of this
hall and around the pond. All monks in the temple are
constantly repeating Omi-Do-Veh's name. The temple is in
fact the seat of the hideous gods.

All these gods are represented in the temple by woollen
images, before which officers of both the civil and military
rank as well as the people prostrate themselves with great
ceremony, on the first and fifteenth day of each month. This
kinders China from reforming her government, for worshipping
these gods is a system of despair. No motive is furnished to
induce men to sacrify to make the condition of the world better,
for the world and life are considered as helplessly evil.

Each monk repeats "Omi-Do-Veh" for his own sake.

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So it promotes selfishness for each man thinks only of his
own salvation. The motive for doing good to others is to ob-
tain merit and shorten the course of transmigration of souls.
The monks are very superstitious, dealing in alchemy and
geomancy. All animals and birds are preserved from death
It is called the "Faung Sung" (放生). This is due to the
belief in the transmigration of souls.

The appearance of these various gods appeals too much
to the motive of fear. All gods are looked upon as possessing
supernatural power. Their faces are painted like the red
Indians and black Africans. Their hands are represented as
holding swords, snakes, and guitars. These make men sub-
missive to their will. So the tree of man's religious nature
is completely ignored. God says, "Thou shall have no other
gods besides me." It means that we cannot have conflicting
motives in our religious nature. So the worshipping of so
many gods in this religion undoubtedly induces men to have
more than one motive.

Again the monks say nothing in regard to the origin of
all things. There is no god at the back of the universe.
The wooden images in the temple are considered as the
source of all things. All life is sacred. A man receives
punishments and rewards in this world for his previous
existence.

No religious building is so debased as the Buddhist
temples in China. Shops of various kinds are located within
them. Buyers and sellers with noisy clamour are running to
and fro through the building. Theatricals are delivered to
the gods for the money and blessing of these wooden images.
It looks like a stage. People gather around with sacrifices of
incense and meat for certain disease or begging for fortune.
They kneel down before the idols and repeat Omi-Do-Veh's

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name. In short, it is really due to the ignorance of the
Chinese population at large.

MALARIA.

John E. S. Han.

Malaria is a kind of fever which comes from a kind of
microbe called the malarial parasite. It grows in the body of
a kind of mosquito which is called anopheles If you let this
kind of mosquito bite you, you will afterward be sick with
malaria, because the microbes will get into your blood from
the mosquito's saliva. When the microbes come into the
blood the oxygen of the blood corposcles will be changed into
a kind of black substance called melavin, so that the patient
will feel evry cold and his skin will become a bluish-white.
Then the eggs of the microbes will hatch and give out a kind
of poisonous substance called toxin. The toxin is converted
into oxygen and the siek man feels very warm. This is the
reason why the malarial patient has fever. I have malaria,
but am glad that the mosquitoes of Changsha do not inoculate
one with it. Mine came from another city. In the old
time they had no medicine to cure malaria, but now they obtain
a kind of medicine from Peru called quina or quinine.
Its usual medical form is a sulphate, a bisulphate, or a hydro-
chloride of quinine, because it has the property of a base.

FRIENDSHIP.

Y. Hsii.

Every man in the world must have friends to help him
in every thing. But in getting friends we must be very careful,
because we do not know whether the man whom we intend
to became acquainted with is honest (by his outward

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appearance. ) Bad companions always lead one to bad place and induce to do all sort of unworthy things.

In our school there are a great many friends among our schoolmates. All of them always try their best to help those who are inferior to them in knowledge. They hold meetings every week for us so as to help us improve our speaking faculty. In short we can get countless benefits from good friends. For instance when we are in difficulties they will help us and when we meet hard expressions in our books they will explain them to us freely.

It is said in the Bible "A friend is sometimes a dearer than brother." Certainly this sometimes proves true.

Our coniacius, the great sage, said in his four books, "when I walk with two other men, they are my teachers, I follow their good examples and avoid bad ones." This shows that one must be very careful in choosing men for his friends for good friends get mutual help from each other.

## DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RIGHTEOUS MAN AND A BASE MAN.

K. S. Dai.

All the people in the world wish to be righteous men and do not wish to be base men. But among the people of the world, the base men are very many, and the righteous man are very few. When a man is born into the world he is neither a righteous man nor a base man.

If the man wish to be a righteous man then he will be a righteous man. If he wishes to be a base man then he will be a base man. Therefore from ancient times until now, the appearance of the righteous man and the base man have been different. So the appearance of these two kinds of people of two kinds, I will give an example of this.

When you see the water and oil then you will know that

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the righteous man and baseman are different.

The water is just like a righteous man, because
is cold, white, and has a flesh taste.

If something is dirty, you may wash it with water when it will be clean.

when you put some oil into the hot water, you will see
the water and oil are different, and you can see that the
water is in one place and the oil in another. So you see the
water is really like a righteous man.

And the oil is just like a base man, because it is very
smooth and has a thick taste.

If we pour some water into boiling oil, then the oil will
rise in bubbles, and will make clean things dirty. So the
oil is really like a base man.

If one understands these two examples then he will
know the difference between the righteous man and the
man.

I hope that all people will do that duty requires as
superior man does not do evil things as a mean fellow does.

## THE FISHERMAN AND THE FLUTE.

### Jeffrey C. Chen.

There was once a fisherman. Every day when he finished his fishing he sat beside the river under a large tree, and played his flute. Though he had no sweet musical talent, but he could make it low or high, so that the sounds were pleasant to hear. When he played the neighbouring children came and listened gradually as the fisherman blew his flute, the more he played the sweeter the notes became, and the man who came and listen became more numerous.

One morning, when the fisherman bought out his fish basket and fish-net, he suddenly thought, "Whenever I blow my flute a great many people come, why should I not blow

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it and many fishes into my net? I can never think of any
thing in the whole world that is more interesting than this."
Then he look his flute which he blow everyday and come to
the fishing grounds by the side of the river. He never askel
whether the water was deep or not, whether the river was
narrow or not, but set his net into the water and l ow his
flute as well as he could, possibly more sweetly, than ever; he
thought he left up his net, not a fish he could found.

Then he thought again, "It must not have been well
played and for that reason do not wish to come. I must blow
in another melody, and see whether they will come." So he
blow it for a long time. there was nothing to be heard save
the sound of water, flowing along in the river, the sound of
the trees, trembling with the wind and the sound of birds on
the shore singing pleasantly among the bushes, which seemed
as though they were melodious with the sounds of the flute,
But when he lifted and looked at the net, it still had nothing.
By and by, when the fisherman got houngry and started for
home with his empty fish basket.

Before he could reached home he met an old neighbour
who asked him that why he had no fishes or crabs in his
basket suggested that perhaps that he had been idle and had
not set his net in the water. Then the fisherman told him ful
-ly what he had been done, and the old man smiled and said
to him, "Man's heart can't do two things. He can't be a
merchant who is a farmer. He can't be a wagoner who is a
rider. If he tries to do two things as a farmer his fields will
be full of grass, and a rider he will not ride well, the right-
hearted-man does not serve two masters, He who likes opium
must be the enemy of win, of course, you can not get fish
when your heart is divided, but you can get much, if you will
only use your heart in your fishing."

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Then the fisherman thought it all over, and look his
basket and net, again to the shore. This time he did not
turn his eyes or head to hear or to see other things. As a
result in the mean time his basket was filled with fishes and
crabs as much as an ordinary whole day's work. All this
was the result the old neighbour's speach. So the fisherman
was very happy, and joyfully brought his basket home and
sold them all, save out one large fish which he cooked and
sent to his old neighbour togather with a pitcher of wine.

An old gentleman had two sons who were studying in a
school. At this moment, they were walking home-ward with
their books. They sang songs as they run along the street
and when they reached home they took their books from
their shoulders, and stood by the side their father, and listened
well to what happened between the fisherman and their
father.

At last, the fisherman went away, the old father taught
his sons that the student's life is just like fishing. They must
studiously study and then of corse, they can both get progress
day by day.

Remember this good motto :—

Faithful work is the mother of success.

A WALK ON YULEU MOUNTAIN.

K. Yang.

One day in the spring, just after the rain. The sky was
blue, the flowers were in blossom, and the wind blow softly.
I took my friend by the hand and crossed the Shiang Kaim
river to Yuleu mountain.

Sometimes the forst was thick and dark, sometimes
was like a beautiful garden, gay with sunshine and flowers;

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17

We passed a great home, before which stand an old woman,
her face winkled, and hair almost white, and her eyes very
kindly. She lived along in the house with six children, and
was called grandmother by the children. When we passed
the side of her house, she looked at us with her kind eyes,
and wented to speak with us, so we stoped on and rested in
her house. Suddenly we heared some voice going by.

These were the children going back from school. Every
afternoon as they back home they must stop at their grand-
mother's house to see her, because they love the grand-
mother as she loves them. When the time comes for the
children to go back she stands out-side the door and wait and
carried some food to give to them, sometimes children left to
keep the chicken so the wolf cannot harm them.

While we sat there it was very comfortable and the
grandmother spoke kind words to us. As we come out of her
house, she directed us the mountain and watched at us until
we were out of her sight, then she turned away.

In the road we met a dog stood and I know that my
fried was coming, because the dog belong to him. So we
mot him and accompained him along the road. By and by
we came to a large hole in which was very cold. There are
some wonderful things in it. We found it hard to say, how
the hole was made, for the people do not agree. I think it
was made by some thousand years ago.

Beside it grow a large tree on which hung a bell. It is
said to have here in the old time, but that is not true. As
night come on we returned.

News Bulletin

OF THE

Dale Collegiate School
and Hospital

Changsha, China

April, 1912

"A word to the wise"

JULY, 1912

OF

## THE COLLEGIATE SCHOOL

**ENROLLMENT.** A steady increase from seven at the end of the first term in 1906, to nearly eighty at the opening of the fall term in 1911; and that, too, in spite of the raising of the tuition fees by nearly fifteen per cent.

**HOLD ON THE COMMUNITY.** Teachers from nearly every high school in Changsha, attend the Collegiate School for normal work or to consult on matters of discipline and policy. School rules in several institutions are modeled after ours.

**ACTIVITY DURING REVOLUTION.** Although Hunan was one of the first provinces to make a revolutionary declaration, the school was closed for only twenty days during the local disturbances. This is all the more satirical when it is remembered that practically all the government schools had to be closed. Their re-opening may be prevented this year because of lack of government funds, thus making the Yale work all the more acceptable and needful.

**GRADUATION OF THE FIRST CLASS.** The first group of students has been carried through four years of preparatory school work and one year of collegiate study. In order to conform to the government system this course of five years is called the High School Course and three students have just been graduated. Every man who graduates is immediately in demand, usually for some government bureau, educational or postal, or for the customs service.

**NATIONAL LEADERSHIP.** America can do no greater service for China than to train in a broad Christian college, men who will lead the state as educators, engineers, doctors, etc., at this time of national reconstruction.

## THE HOSPITAL

**RED CROSS CENTRE.** During the revolutionary activities, the Yale Hospital was officially declared to be the Red Cross centre for Hunan, (a province as large as New England and with a population of twenty-two million).

**CO-OPERATION OF CITIZENS.** Because only forty patients could be crowded into the Yale Hospital, the provincial officials together with benevolent citizens raised enough money to secure another building as an adjunct to the Yale Hospital and this was put in charge of our physicians. At the end of the war this building will be used as an opium refuge and will still be under our control.

**OPIUM TREATMENT.** The staff of the Yale Hospital has been given entire charge of opium-cure methods throughout the province. All samples of medicine used by individual native practitioners must be submitted to our physicians for analysis.

**DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH.** Dr. F. C. Yen, Associate Physician in charge of the Yale Hospital, has been asked to become director of the Department of Public Health, which the provincial government is establishing in Hunan. As Dr. Yen says, "Even if we are unable to make much headway at first, we shall at least be able to guide the authorities and keep them from doing harm. If we refuse the opportunity some hot-headed students, returned from Japan, will be apt to step in and may set the whole scheme in confusion".

**PATIENTS SEEN.** The last report showed 10,000 out-patients seen and 324 in-patients admitted to the wards in twelve months. Four-fifths of current expenses for the hospital were secured locally.

YALE IN CHINA

OFFICERS

CLARENCE H. KELSEY, '78 - P.
AMOS P. WILDER, '84 - VICE-P.
WILLIAM H. SALLMON, '94 - SEC'y
F. WELLS WILLIAMS, '79 CHAIR. OF

**PROGRAM.** A campus of 20 acres on
City walls of Changsha has been
Library, two professors' houses and
are promised. Two dormitories, lees
refectory and other buildings must be
without delay. Growth is impossible
new buildings, for the old city school is
to a stifling point.

Five professors on the staff of the
School and three doctors and a nurse
Hospital staff are over-run with work.

More science men, more doctors and
equipment must be sent to Changsha.
impossible unless their expenses are guar-
guarantees.

This is an appeal to you to make an
ment which will yield large dividends in
uplift in the new Republic across the Pac-

¶ The following notes, sent out for the consideration of Yale men in different cities, record some of the good suggestions received as to ways in which they can be of service to Yale in China.

¶ 1st. An interesting meeting of some kind in behalf of Yale in China should be held at least once a year in cities where there is a group of Yale men. Such meetings may be made to serve the additional purpose of increasing the general interest in the welfare of China. It would probably be most effective to co-operate with others interested in China and to arrange for a joint meeting, a "China dinner" or a "China luncheon," such as was held at the University Club, Philadelphia, in May, 1912. It has been pointed out that the local Yale in China Committees have a unique opportunity to lead in drawing together others who are having a part in the uplift of China, in addition to building up the new Yale.

¶ 2d. It would be best to have one man in each city who would arrange for a reasonable amount of publicity. Reports, news-letters and pictures can be obtained from the offices in New Haven or New York.

¶ 3d. A play such as "Jim Don-lee's Music Drama" which followed Dr. E. H. Hume's talk on the Chinese Revolution, at the Cleveland Yale smoker in April, suggests a novel and attractive method of getting men to consider the situation in

China. The play was written by C. R. Housum, '08, who, by the introduction of such good characters as "Pres. Had-lee," gave a strikingly oriental aspect to Yale life.

¶ 4th. The matter of bequests might well be borne in mind. There are, undoubtedly, people who, on account of their desire to assist the Chinese, would be glad to have the Yale in China work brought to their attention and to leave part of their money for some phase of its development.

¶ 5th. It would be well to have a number of men in each city prepared to speak on Yale in China. They would find that the story of the starting of this enterprise, and the achievements of the past few years, make stimulating material to put before any audience.

¶ It is a help to those at Changsha and others here in the United States to know that busy men in many cities have the interest of our work at heart.

Yale in China

OFFICERS

CLARENCE H. KELSEY, '78

AMOS P. WILDER, '84

WILLIAM H. SALLMON, '94 - Secretary
5 White Hall, New Haven,

HOWARD RICHARDS, Jr. '00 S. . .
156 Fifth Avenue, New York

Twenty acres outside the wall have been purchased as a site for The students and teaching staff the present crowded quarters to Campus as soon as possible. Some work of construction will commence as soon as possible are secured for the two most noted Dormitories and a Recitation Hall.

Additional copies of this pamphlet may be obtained from the
New York Office of Yale in China, 156th

YALE UNIVERSITY,

New Haven, Conn.,

Nov. 9, 1910.

Dear Sir:-

During undergraduate days you were a subscriber to our
Yale in China. We desire to retain your interest and support.
The School and Hospital which we maintain at Changsha are not only
giving immediate relief and supplying pressing needs but are also
training a generation of leaders who will be influenced by the
Christian Yale spirit which pervades the class-rooms, clinics and
hospital wards. It is a big, broad-minded, non-partisan enter-
prise which merits your help.

Last year we sent out a doctor and a nurse. This year
K. S. Latourette, '06 joined the staff in Changsha in August, and
E. D. Harvey, '07 is studying in Germany preparatory to proceed-
ing to the field next year. The Budget of expenses is therefore
growing with the expanding work. Will you share in the sowing
now, even the other generations of Yale men may see more of the
reaping than we? A subscription of $2, $5 or $10 (or even $25,
$50 or $100!) would be appreciated.

Yours sincerely,

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will be of no small importance as Changsha lies in the latitude of
Tampa and has tributary a vast territory in which tropical and sub-
tropical diseases are rampant, and where public health conservation is
intrusively absent.

Yes, Yale-in-China is getting to be a pretty big affair and
the bigger it gets, the bigger gets its opportunity. It is refresh-
ing in these days of persecution of the long-suffering doctor, by those
gentle souls who fasten on him the chimaeric sins of vivisection and
self-interest, in these days when "isms" and strange fads rob him of
the credit while leaving him the responsibility, it certainly is re-
freshing to find that a pair of doctors have found a soul-satisfying
thing to do where the people after judging their work by its results,
give them the honor of complete confidence, and the sincere flattery of
imitation, and the practical support of co-operation.

A PAIR of DOCTORS in CENTRAL CHINA.

By Alfred C. Reed./N.D.

In the year 1858 there began in a village near Canton a vast politico-religious upheaval which was destined to wipe from the earth's face some 12 million subjects of the Son of Heaven. As the conquering army of these Taipings swept northward from Kwantung Province into Hunan, on to Hankow and down the broad Yangtze till stopped by Chinese Gordon at Shanghai, but one city held out against their assault. Changsha, the ancient capital of Hunan, was this city. The old smooth-bore cannon on the southwest wall which killed the commander of the rebels after eighty days' siege and set the Taiping flood pouring around the city instead of through it on the way to Hankow, this aged weapon is still worshipped as Defender and Preserver of the city.

Just as staunchly and successfully as Changsha resisted the Taipings, did she also resist the foreigner and his ways. Not until 1897, when Hunan opened to foreigners and even then Changsha was opposed, and rioted, and even rebelled, before admitting any desirability in western things, did it stop. However, change had been rapid. In this time Changsha has made greater advance than in any one of the previous twenty centuries of her history. This old, proud, rich city, in which were doubly distilled and crystallized the implacable reactionary wisdom of old China, is making enormous strides toward modern streets, modern sanitation, western commerce and up-to-date urban administration. The kaleidoscopic review in the capital is being made in the province. Not without foundation have the Hunanese won their spurs as the most recalcitrant, independent and turbulent people in China. Not without reason have the provinces of the Middle Kingdom feared and hated them for their warring prowess, for

2.

their generals, statesmen, self-sufficiency and wealth. But the qualities which wrought this reputation are equally forceful when they are directed in other lines. True, the Hunanese is stubborn and hard convinced, but when he is won over by reason, and he is always open to reason, his stubbornness and indomitable pride of achievement make him as doughty a champion of the new as he was formerly of the old. But why has he turned to the new and why does he want a Board of Health, and a sanitary police, and governmental control of public health measures? What levers have pried him from the rock of his ancient prejudice and made him welcome the cult of the west? In truth many levers, some big and some infinitesimal, have pried together and pried with a success. One of the big levers is just a pair of doctors who dropped into Changsha a few short years ago, and began quietly prying the Hunanese off his ancient rock. They were very clever doctors though very modest. They were very clever in that, with peculiar facilities, they had studied the Hunanese and knew them intimately. They were so modest and so busy that they had never time to really tell anything about the prying process, and now when they are beginning to reap results, no one can actually tell how it has all been done.

This pair of doctors is quite unique in many ways. In the first place one is a Chinese and one is an American. A rare combination this for such a far-sighted ideal as they had, when one of them was Fu-chun Yen, A.B., M.D., D.T.M., and the other was Edward H. Hume, graduate of Yale and Johns Hopkins and for three years special student of tropical medicine in Liverpool and India. In the second place, they combine the best in heredity, in training, in personality, of the oldest east and the newest west. In the third place, their abilities and their spheres of influence are supplementary. In the fourth place they have a new kind of backing, a kind never before heard of. Here then are four reasons why this pair of doctors in Central China are unique not only in China but quite unique in the world's whole humdrum history. Let us look closer at these reasons.

3.

There is no doubt that one of the pair is a Chinese and one an American. When that same Taiping rebellion had flowed past Changsha and on down the Yangtze valley as far as Fukien Province, one of the men who became refugees rather than submit, was Z.S.Yen, the father of Fu-chun, who with his brother Y.K.Yen, moved into Shanghai. After the brothers had received all the mission schools of Shanghai could give them, they went on to America and entered Kenyon College in Ohio in time to enlist in an Ohio regiment in the Civil War. Then back to college to win the distinction of being the first Chinese students in America.

When they returned to Shanghai, that port was just being opened to the trade of the world and they found a great demand for English-speaking Chinese with an American education. Both became clergymen of the Episcopal church, a calling to which their education had been preparatory. Y.K.Yen later became president of ST. John's college in Shanghai. Z.S.Yen died at the age of forty-two and Fu-chun was born in Shanghai in 1882. His mother, a Miss Wu, came from a missionary family and had a brother who now lives is the oldest living Chinese missionary. This brother also was an American student and fought in the Civil War. His old American rifle is a family relic today. Fu-chun Yen himself graduated from St. John's in 1899 and four years later received his degree from the medical department of the same institution. Following this he went to Africa a year as physician in the south African gold mines. In 1905 Africa was left behind for America, and he matriculated at the Yale Medical College. He had already the best medical training China could provide but his family instinct of scholarship and thoroughness led him to take the full medical course at Yale.

He graduated from Yale Medical in 1909 standing second in his class and with a "cum laude". A cousin, Y.S.Tsao, about the same time won the Yale philosophical oration in both his sophomore and

4.

junior years. But Yen did not stop and went on immediately to Liver-
pool for another year's study and the degree of Doctor of Tropical
Medicine from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, in 1910. Then
he allied himself with Yale-in-China. Why? The answer is very simple
In his own words," The Yale motto, 'To serve God, country and Yale'
meant so much in America I thought it would apply equally well in
China". Therefore he joined the Yale forces in China. And there he
is, and what he has done and is doing we will soon see.

Two things have characterized the family of Fu-chun Yen. One
of these is a passion for the best of American scholarship. The other
is a habit of getting into places of influence, importance and human
service in China. A cousin, S.K.Tsao, is secretary of the Chinese
Y.M.C.A. in Shanghai. Another graduated from Vanderbilt University
and is chief of the Pukow Railway. An uncle is taotai of Szechuen
Province and the chief of foreign affairs and customs. Another uncle,
a graduate of the New York Law School, is employed at the Hanyang
Arsenal. Another uncle, a graduate of the University of Virginia,
China's minister to Germany. Another, a graduate of Lehigh,
a managing director of the Hankow-Canton trunk railway. Of his two bro-
thers, one is a teacher, and the other, a graduate of Purdue, is
constructing engineer on the American section of the Szechuen-Hankow
railway. Not the least to be mentioned in the family of Br. Fu-chun
Yen, three bright-eyed youngsters, Hilda, Willy and Dorothy, who
with their mother are already planning for the next trip to America.

So much for the one. The other of the pair of doctors has
had also an eventful life and a long preparation. Edward H. Hume
came from a long line of pioneers and missionaries. His grandfather
went to India from New England in a sailing ship around the Cape of
Good Hope. Twenty years later this grandfather died on another sailing
ship off the Cape when on his way home with wife and five children.

The wife went on to New Haven and the father of E.H. Hume later began his career at Yale, graduating in the class of 1872. He in turn went to India where Edward H. was born in 1876 at Ahmednagur. While still an infant his family removed to Bombay, where he lived until 14 years old. Then the boy was sent to the United States where he graduated from Yale in '97 and from Johns Hopkins in medicine in 1901. Following this he spent a year as research fellow in the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine where he identified and studied some of the first cases of para-typhoid fever observed in England and published his studies. Returning to America he spent a year as assistant in surgery at Johns Hopkins, and then went to Bombay for two years under the United States Public Health Service. Here on his ancestral hunting grounds, he learned Mahrati and studied the chances for opening medical work among the high-caste Brahmins. About this time Yale-in-China came into being and E.H. Hume was the logical choice to head its medical work. So in 1905 he gave up his Indian plans and went to China. Already by education and heredity endowed with the understanding of the spirit of the Orient, and a fluent speaker of Mahrati, in one year's time he became fluent in Chinese. This first year he spent at Kuling in the mountains of central China studying the language. Thus it seems quite clear that Edward H. Hume had a rare endowment and an exceptionally good training for the job he now has in hand.

It remains that the story should be told of the backing that this very unique pair of doctors have. For until they dropped into Changsha no other doctor had ever received this kind of support or represented this kind of an idea. After other nations have finished explaining just why a certain thing can not be done, America has got into a habit of doing it. And America has extended the habit to doing many things that other nations never even thought of. That is why we see the Rockefeller Foundation fighting the fight of public health and human betterment, armed with gold millions and directed by the

6.

best brains and hearts to be had. That is why we have a national Public Health Service, an institution quite unique among nations yet one of our oldest and most valuable institutions,--typically American too for it was founded by Congress in 1798 without precedent. Because of this habit America has got into, we see many strange, and useful and beneficent ideas spring up, bud and blossom, and in turn present to their parent the soul-satisfying fruit of a unique and effective service of human kind, in which every American can take a proprietary pride.

Once more such an idea has quietly taken its place in American life, and after its seed-time is now beginning to bud and blossom. This idea crystallized in a group of alumni, students and faculty of Yale University, and as it had never been done before and as there were no precedents, the American habit again came into play and the result is a unique movement in university circles whose possibilities seem quite unbounded, and which out of American university life presents to the world a distinctly new line of social and philanthropic endeavor. This group of Yale men have evolved an idea which preserves the broad and primitive meaning of the word "mission". Many of them are churchmen, some are not. Some are teachers, doctors, students, business men. Some believe one thing and some another thing. They seem to have however two points in common. They are Yale men and proud of it. They see the logic and agree on the principles of the "idea". All of them, diverse in interests and belief as they may be, all of them are supporting hard the idea of Yale-in-China. They are backing to win a school of collegiate rank in Changsha, manned by Yale men and teaching the studies, the ideals, the manners of old Yale. They are backing to win a big modern hospital and medical school in Changsha, and it is here that our pair of doctors come in.

Yale-in-China leaves for the established missionary organizations the tasks of evangelism and religious education. For herself she takes the task of furnishing American university education at its

best, and American medical practice and teaching, to a China which is pathetically eager to get them. It is a big job, man-size, and big men are doing it. At the present we are concerned with what this pair of doctors are doing on the medical side of Yale-in-China.

It is quite fitting that this new university idea which no one had ever thought of before, should find its location in China where everything is so contradictory to western example and precept, and above all in Changsha, one of the very strong-holds of Chinese conservatism and up-side-down-ness. On the streets of Changsha it is rare indeed to see a woman with unbound feet, and the men are clad in skirts while the women wear pantaloons. Even the carpenter and artist work back-wards and draw their plane, saw or chisel toward them, while the coolies yoke themselves like oxen to their barrows which instead of pulling, they push. The national animal of China is undoubtedly the pig, and he enters into the houses, shops and streets of Changsha with as unperturbed omnipresence as he pervades every feast and most of the sweet-meats offered for sale. Every part of him is utilized even to the squeal which is attached verbatim to every wheel-barrow so that no grease or oil is needed.

The Changsha gentleman of leisure and taste must perforce wear spectacles, highly colored and often of enormous size. These must be doffed on bowing to a friend although the cap or hat is not removed. The idiosyncracies of adapting western ways to Changsha needs are ever new and often thrilling. A stately funeral cortege with a score of women wailing in sedan chairs trips merrily along to the strains of "Marching Through Georgia". Boston garters and knitted underwear are worn as external articles of adornment. Queues are no more and heads are shaved in all manner of fantastic fashions according to the artistic views or the caprice of the owner. One goes seldom over fifty yards without seeing a shop piled high with stacks of coarse brown paper which men are busily cutting up with multi-shaped chisels

8.

into an assumed resemblance to paper cash notes. These pseudo-notes
are burned at the grave of the deceased to furnish him with ghostly
money for the continuance of his travels. Likewise the devils and
pursuing spirits are prevented from catching the spirit of the depart-
ed by scattering behind the funeral procession quantities of paper
slips each with a hole punched in it. Through the hole in each paper
must go the devil and his progress is so retarded that the departing
spirit gets a good head-start. Well, the list is really endless be-
cause the Chinese does nothing as his western brothers do it, and
his manner of thought is just as opposite to ours as are his actions.

All of these things and what they represent make it rather
surprising that a pair of doctors, even such a pair as Fu-chun Yen
and Edward H. Hume, should have as much to show as they have in Chang-
sha after 10 years' work. It has become the popular and recog-
nized thing for officials of the city and province to consult them on
all manner of occasions and to seek their advice for sanitary urban
improvements. In the fall of 1913 small-pox swept through central
China as it does periodically. The Chinese from ancient times have
practiced the custom of inoculating persons with material from small-
pox cases. These inoculations are made into the nose of the victims.
The result is often fatal and equally often horribly disfiguring., so
that altogether the method could not be said to have attained any par-
ticular degree of success. After our pair of doctors had explained the
western method of vaccination to the commissioner of police of Changsha,
the police department suddenly proposed that the doctors of the Yale
Hospital should vaccinate free all the people who applied and that the
police should pay for the vaccine. This was accordingly done and in
the next few months some twenty thousand persons were vaccinated, inclu-
ding the entire police department. Quite an achievement this in a
city which but four years previously had attempted a wholesale eradica-
tion of foreigners and foreign ideas. But not content with this, the

9.

Commissioner of Police followed out a little plan suggested by Fu-chun Yen and erected a large hospital for contagious diseases, especially small-pox, and here were taken all cases found within the city. Naturally the epidemic was nipped in the bud and while Fu-chun Yen neglected to mention how he had done it all, nevertheless the nipping of the epidemic was most effective and had a most educative effect on the Chinese. The idea of the temporary contagious hospital was so good that the Governor took it up and is now building a permanent isolation hospital.

Then in June 1914 when the Siang River, a yellow torrent half a mile in width at low water, rose forty feet in as many hours, this pair of doctors were again on the job, and relief measures and life-saving measures went hand in hand with public health measures. As the water lowered a squad of 500 sanitary police were detailed and under the instruction and direction of these same doctors the houses, dyer 5000 of them, in the flooded district were clean and disinfected, drains and sewers were opened and the people were instructed in the merits of boiled water and cooked food. Of course too, Governor Tang of Hunan Province, who resided for five years in France, and who is as astute a ruler of his twenty two million subjects as he is a shrewd man of affairs, has Fu-chun Yen as his private and family physician.

One could multiply instances ad in infinitum illustrating the position held by this pair of doctors in the confidence add affection of the Chinese. There is indeed no doubt that they are the most unique pair of doctors in China today. And here is what they went to Changsha to do and here also is the result of their doing. It is known as the Changsha Yale Hospital and the Siang-Ya Medical School. Here they have gathered together a large medical plant with modern equipment and western trained doctors and nurses. There is really no cost in living, the gift of a New York City graduate, in two hospitals. One of these is the Yale hospital and is for women. The best in China, MissAGE, the best Nurse, was DEAN only. The other is the Hunan Red Cross Hospital for men only, having to be in the front line of the war. The past summer near a hundred beds and twice the size of the women's hospital.

Then there are two house physicians, both Chinese, another foreign doctor, another Chinese doctor with foreign training, making a total of six doctors on the staff.

Naturally where doctors work there must be nurses. So to the staff have been added two American registered nurses, one a graduate of the (New York Hospital and the other of the Johns Hopkins Hospital). Under their supervision are two nurses' training schools, for men and women respectively, each with a three years' course and a regular schedule of lectures, theoretical and practical instruction. There are now twenty women and twice as many men enrolled as student nurses.

Dr. s Yen and Hume have built up a big medical plant which runs full blast the year around, with no respite for the tropic summer. They have gathered about them a strong staff of doctors and nurses. They have met the usual difficulties of such pioneer work. They have met the unusual difficulties of establishing such an enterprise in such a hostile province as Hunan, in such an unprogressive country as China. But they have not at all lost the ideal with which they started, an ideal of building up an institution of which America and Yale could be proud. They have not succumbed to the very plausible temptation to do cheap work because there were none to judge and because there was so much work to do. No, they have very consistently set their mark at quality and not quantity of medical work. Hence western medical practice is getting a very enviable reputation in Changsha and the long-headed Hunanese are taking it very much in earnest.

Just how much in earnest they are taking it may be judged from the fact that a powerful society of the gentry and officials of Hunan have asked this same pair of doctors to co-operate with them in a scheme for medical education in Changsha. Of course Fu-chun Yen may have suggested such a thing quietly in the ears of a few of the more or less influential Hunanese such as the governor and perhaps a few of his rich friends. He is always suggesting things and arranging

11.

things, and saying a little here and doing a little there, and he is
always more surprised than anybody when these little unintentional
suggestions and schemes take root and become big proposals and far-
reaching plans. And of course Edward H. Hume may have unconsciously
abbetted the thing and unwittingly supplemented some of the chance
remarks of Fu-chun Yen with other chance remarks. He is always doing
such things. And of course the Hunanese had before them the example
of the Yale Hospital and its growth and the kind of work it did.
And of course the Hunanese put rather a high estimate on the skill and
reliability of this pair of doctors. So that after all perhaps it is
not really so surprising as one would at first think, that the Hunan-
ese acted as they did in this matter.

The Hunanese in fact proposed that they should build a modern medical college, and equip it and furnish the land on which it should stand, and then agreed to pay the running expenses. What they wanted Yale's doctors to do was to furnish the teaching staff, and administer the whole thing and provide a big modern research and teaching hospital. It certainly is strange how those Hunanese caught the idea. Nothing like it had ever happened in China before, and none but a pair of doctors like these would ever have believed it could happen. But being Fu-chun Yen and Edward H. Hume they just went ahead and did it and then were as surprised as anyone at what had happened.

12.

doing impossible things. And moreover they too did not know Dr. Yen
But he had gotten the habit just the same, and the thing had really
been done.

So now we see the Siang-Ya Medical Education Association,
an organization representing the government of Hunan and including
many gentry and officials, and having the written authority and indiv-
idual support of the Peking government. This organization has pledged
itself for a space of ten years to support a modern medical college in
Changsha and immediately to provide suitable buildings and land. Yale
men will not be the only ones to help this pair of doctors get the two
dozen additional doctors they need and are going to have. It did not
take long for the Rockefeller Medical Commission to China to come
over to see the unusual kind of things being done in Changsha, nor
did it take long for them to recognize the ideals of sound scholarship,
scientific efficiency and effective human service which prevail there.
Nor does it take long for anyone who takes the trouble, to see these
things. It did not take long for one Yale man to see them and he lost
no time in giving a fine new hospital of 120 beds equipped to rank
with any in Asia. He seemed to think this was really quite an unusual
chance to get in on the ground floor of something rather big, and
decidedly new and of assured human value. This hospital will be ready
in a year or two on a plot of land given by the Chinese outside the
north gate of Changsha.

It is very likely that one of the pair of doctors may have
had something to do with the location of this hospital plot as it ad-
joins the new Yale-in-China campus on which an entire new set of modern
buildings have been erected now. The new school of medicine will be
all necessary facilities for medical instruction including this hospi-
tal which in turn will offer interne service to the best of the gradu-
ates. Then too in the hospital will center the men's and the women's
nursing schools, and there will be housed extensive laboratories for
investigation of the diseases of China. This latter point indeed

NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDA

HER COURT SITS TO
GIRLS TO

(Copyright, 1913, by the New York Herald Co. All rights reserved.)

T
UCKED away in a plain
little room on the tenth
floor of the Cook County
Court House, in Chicago,
is a court presided over
by a woman, served by
women clerks and stenog-
raphers, and prescribing justice for girl
offenders or delinquents. Men are ex-
cluded from it.

This court was established a few weeks
ago, its raison d'être being that it is a
crime against society and against the in-
dividual to compel an erring girl in her
teens to stand before a bar and tell her
story to a man judge in the presence
of hearing of male hanzers.

o'clock in the afternoon. She disposes of
thirty to fifty cases each week. She has
been called the official mother-at-law of
Cook county. Those who have been privi-
leged to sit in her court and to observe
her method of dealing with wayward
girls say she appears more a mother,
friend and adviser than a judge.

There is no literal bar of justice in the
little room. Miss Bartelme does not oc-
cupy a dais. A dock is lacking and there
are no impressive enclosures. The mis-
tress of the place sits at an ordinary desk,
a stenographer at her side to take down
in shorthand what is said. The delin-
quent girl usually is accompanied by a

YALE MISSION COLLEGE IN CHINA

HOME OFFICE, 233 DURFEE HALL, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

STATEMENT

PRESENT CONDITION

A Collegiate School of thirty students and four Chinese instructors, also a Dispensary with eight beds and good facilities for both medical and surgical treatment, have been founded by Yale men at Changsha, Hunan Province, in Central China.

The American staff now includes four Yale graduates; Dr. Hume, '97; Gage, '98; Seabury, 1900, and Hail, M. A., '06; also in special work, Mrs. Lawrence Thurston, the widow of our first representative in China.

Dr. Schell, 1900'S, will join them this fall.
A fund now amounting to over $30,000 has been received from the British authorities and is held for the erection of the first buildings when the proper campus site is secured.

Land and buildings to the value of $10,000 are owned by us in Changsha.

PURPOSE

This auspicious beginning will ultimately grow into a University with its Hospital, Medical School, Scientific Department, etc.

By these and other agencies it is hoped to develop intelligent leadership and sterling Christian character among Chinese young men.

The work is undenominational, and hence an influence for unity.
It is believed that it will gradually become self-supporting.

INFLUENCES

This can be made one of the best manned and best equipped institutions of higher learning in China, exerting a profound influence for Christian service and civilization.

The spirit of our own University is receiving a strong impetus. Other Universities have already been stirred to similar efforts thereby.

Dr. Arthur H. Smith has called this: "The greatest opportunity any University ever had for doing a matchless work for humanity."

BUDGET

The present annual budget, including salaries and running expenses, is estimated at $7,500.

The salaries of the men are met by groups of classmates and friends.

Annual subscriptions for these and the general running expenses now amount to about $5,000.

Officers in America give their time without cost and the slight home office expense is met from separate sources.

NEEDS

The earnest interest and co-operation of every Yale man.

One gift of $10,000, to replace in the general treasury the money advanced for the purchase of the property in Changsha.

Fifty annual subscriptions of $100, for expenses and emergency fund.

One hundred annual subscriptions of $25 or more from Yale doctors and scientific men for the medical department (Dean Wright inaugurated the $100 list and Director Chittenden the second).

General subscriptions from all those interested, averaging $10.

GOVERNMENT

The policy, control, and ownership of property are vested in the incorporated Society with its Council of forty prominent Yale Alumni.

The management is entrusted to an Executive Committee of nine in New Haven, and to the Faculty in Changsha.

OFFICERS: Clarence H. Kelsey, '78, President; Rt. Rev. E. S. Lines, '72, Vice President; William Sloane, '95, Recording Secretary; and Pierce N. Welch, '62, Treasurer.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Prof. F. Wells Williams, '79, Chairman; Prof. H. P. Beach, '78, General Secretary; Prof. E. B. Reed, '94, Executive Secretary; Prof. H. P. Wright, '68; Prof. Williston Walker, D. D.; Lewis S. Welch, '89; Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr., '96; Arthur C. Williams, '98; D. Brewer Eddy, '98, Assistant Treasurer.

(CHECKS ARE MADE PAYABLE TO PIERCE N. WELCH, TREAS.)

May, 1907.

PROGRESS TO DATE

a. Society incorporated in New Haven, 1902

b. Ya-li Collegiate School, Changsha, opened 1906

c. Hospital and Dispensary started in 1908

d. Real Estate owned in Changsha, $10,000

e. Red Cross Society organized in Changsha, 1911

f. Twenty-acre Campus outside the walls of Changsha, purchased in 1911, $19,500

g. Annual Budget raised 1912-1913, $20,000

Five Thousand Dollar Increase in Budget is necessary

in 1913-1914

NEW YALE'S ORGANIZATION

OFFICERS

President

Dean Henry P. Wright, Ph.D., LL.D., '68
(Dean of the Faculty, Yale College)

Vice-President

Rt. Rev. Edwin S. Lines, D.D., '72
(Prot. Epi s. Bishop of Newark)

Chairman of Executive Committee

Prof. F. Wells Williams, '79
(Modern Oriental History, Yale College)

Treasurer

Pierce N. Welch, '62
(Pres. First Nat. Bank, New Haven)

Assistant Treasurer

Arthur C. Williams, '98
(201 Durfee Hall, Yale Campus)

Recording Secretary

William Sloane, '95
(New York City)

Executive Secretary

Prof. Edward B. Reed, Ph.D., '94
(English Literature, Yale College)

Medical Examiner

Walter B. James, M.D., LL.D., '79
(New York City)

Auditor

Eli Whitney, M.A., '69
(Fellow of Yale University)

THE YALE FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY, Inc.
(Headquarters, 201 Durfee Hall)

(N. B. For "Council" and "Executive Committee," see back cover)

A NEW YALE IN THE FAR EAST

UNDERLYING IDEAS

As Yale is called a university, Yale men must see that her influence is really universal. They already begin to understand that the Yale of the future will be to the Yale of to-day what we now are to the Collegiate School of 1701.

An Offshoot
of Yale

The expansion thus begun is developing a greater Yale at home and abroad. There is instant need of saving China from herself and from harpies of the Occident. This must be accomplished by the two agencies of Christianity and education. The Yale Foreign Missionary Society is an organized effort on the part of the graduates and students of Yale University to consecrate some part of that energy known as the Yale spirit to the service of God and the good of their fellow men in the Far East. In setting up an offshoot of Yale in the center of China we leave the active evangelistic work to the missionary bodies with which we are in hearty co-operation. Like Robert College in Turkey, this is a patriotic effort to increase the influence of what is best in our national civilization in a backward but awakened empire. And ours is a purely voluntary association of Yale men, organized to accomplish this end without encroaching upon the income of the University.

It is a magnificent chance for good. Whatever the outcome, China cannot now choose but advance, and he who helps China in this crisis helps the world. The agency is an institution which shall raise up Chinese to teach the Chinamen. Its

two main features deserve especial emphasis; it is primarily educational and it is absolutely non-sectarian. If our college education is worth the name, it ought, in such an environment as

The Opportunity
and the Agency

this, to meet and contest for intellectual supremacy with the best Chinese minds; and, through friendships formed in social intercourse among men of refinement and training, much may be expected in the way of improved relations and the development of mutual respect. In such ways antagonisms are dissipated. Incidentally, moreover, interest and responsibility in

such an institution will not fail to broaden the scope of scholarship at Yale by centering attention on the East and eventually by attracting to its classes both students from Asia and students of Asiatic subjects.

### Non-Sectarian Basis

The other feature, its denominational character, is no less vitally significant. Its missionary professors are of different churches, and their support may be expected to come alike from believers in missions and from those who, though without belief in the supernatural, are yet willing to concede that Christianity is a useful moral agent. The practical value of this unsectarian character has already been shown in the willingness of the American Board to recognize a relationship with the Society and to place at its disposal its agencies for the purchase and forwarding of supplies and funds, and also in the cordial invitation on the part of all the Protestant Missions at work in the newly opened province of Hu-nan to settle there and establish a college to which all alike might send their scholars and converts. These two facts, that we come to teach and that we do not intend to lay particular stress upon peculiar dogmas, commend our institution to the governing class of China, which is now profoundly convinced of the need of regenerating the Empire by acquiring the knowledge of the West, but which is still suspicious of the denationalizing influence of strange creeds.

## YALE IN CHINA

### The Remaking of China

China presents itself as unquestionably the most promising field in the world for the kind of work which a university mission is fitted to undertake. The difficulties here are such as appeal peculiarly to educated men. A people justly proud of their ancient culture and entertaining no illusions as to the tender mercies of the great Western Powers, though compelled by the shock of recent events to acknowledge their own political incapacity, cannot be successfully cajoled or frightened into adopting revolutionary reforms. They must be convinced of the sincerity of offers made to enlighten them. Once assured of this they accept eagerly the instruction available in

the few schools of Western science already set up in the country. They have established some of these themselves with Japanese as instructors, but have already found that the teaching is often far from satisfactory. The leading men of the Empire are calling upon foreigners from Europe and America with almost pathetic insistence to teach them in the right way, and according to the response made to this call will China be fundamentally reformed or compelled to assume a veneer of Western culture to her lasting detriment. Here is an ideal opportunity for the propagation of the type of learning and character engendered in an American college.

### "China's Only Hope"

The only hope for the wide penetration of new ideas is from educated Christians and the sons of the Literati, young men who are not yet mandarins. In a country whose aristocracy is one of letters rather than of arms or of wealth, the object of a college founded for higher instruction will inevitably be regarded with favor; it will be liked better, if conducted by Americans than by any other foreigners; and it will be especially acceptable as an offshoot of Yale, because Yale is the American college best known to the Chinese. It is proposed, therefore, to begin operations with a college of the thorough-going Yale sort, having preparatory and collegiate courses, to which in time may be added normal, medical, technological, and perhaps theological departments. The curriculum must of course be made to fit the needs of the nation, but the training will be that of our Alma Mater. It is a brave project that may not be fulfilled for a generation, but it is broad and elastic enough to apply to the whole vast desire of a backward people.

### Yale's Chosen Field

Changsha, the capital of Hu-nan, where the College is located, is situated on the Hsiang River about eighty miles south of the Yang-tzu and 250 miles from Hankow. The province has a population of more than twenty million people, on the whole the most intelligent in China. Until the year 1900 they refused to have any dealings whatever with foreigners, fearing a "White Peril" as subversive of their ancient institutions, but after the Boxer uprising they were convinced that their salvation lay in the opposite policy of learning from the West

["all that they could. The various missionary societies that entered Hu-nan in consequence of this changed attitude, realizing the advantage of united effort under such auspicious beginnings, resolved to recognize only one institution of higher education in the province and invited the Yale Society, as being undenominational, to establish a college to which all alike could send their pupils. In accepting this proposal, the Yale Mission secures the cordial co-operation of all the other workers in the same field and obtains a location of immense promise in the capital of a community that earnestly desires to learn. Since the decision to locate there was made, the Mission has received the sum of £5,000, the remainder of a fine paid by the Chinese Government for the murder of two English missionaries, which the officials wished devoted to undenominational education or medical work, and which, as no English society in the province was able to fulfill the conditions, the British Consul-General turned over in October, 1904, to our treasurer. With this sum in hand it will be possible to proceed at once to the erection of the first College dormitory and hall.", "ORGANIZATION", "Membership in the Society, which has been incorporated under the State law of Connecticut, is limited to Yale graduates and undergraduates of all departments who contribute to its work during the year. These members elect half of a council of forty members in groups of five annually, each group serving four years. The remainder are a permanent body, comprising the University President and Secretary, the General Secretary of the University Young Men's Christian Association, and others from the Corporation, the different Faculties, and the Prudential Committee of the American Board. This Council delegates its work to an Executive Committee of seven, who select professors for the college and devise the policy, ways and means of the Society. At its annual meeting in June the Council passes upon the plans and operations of this Committee. The purpose of the large Council is to secure representation and advice from graduates", "4", "of all parts of the country and from different college generations; of the smaller and permanent portion, to obtain the assistance of a corps of men devoted to the University and living in New Haven. While in no sense officially a part of the University, it is thus most intimately connected with the University life and instructors.", "The administrative machinery, thus briefly described, is effective in many ways. It is fully representative of the University, while it does not commit the Corporation by its action, or hamper itself by requiring assent or advice; it has to deal with a highly intelligent body of supporters, among whom differences of denomination count for little, who are generally capable of distinguishing in matters of transient and of supreme importance, and who can therefore be trusted to sustain the Mission in patience and confidence of the ultimate issue; it can count upon the intimate personal friendships of its missionaries and subscribers and the consequent reliance of all concerned in statements coming from the scene of its operations, thus rendering the literature of accounts and apologies unnecessary in its reports; and finally, it wastes no money in paying for the offices and running expenses of a board at home equipped solely to raise funds to maintain its missionaries abroad. Such simple and inexpensive mechanism enables the Mission to devote every dollar raised directly to its real object.", "Effective\nMachinery", "PERSONNEL", "The future of the college depends largely upon the efficiency of its corps of instructors, and the men who are on the field or preparing themselves for service are of such a caliber as to guarantee success:", "EDWARD HICKS HUME, M.D., '97", "REV. JOHN LAWRENCE THURSTON, B.D., '98 (deceased)", "REV. BROWNELL GAGE, B.D., '98", "REV. WARREN B. SEABURY, B.D., M.A., 1900", "ORVILLE H. SCHELL, M.D., 1900 S.", "Other candidates, whose names can not be announced at present, are working for positions on the faculty. No man is accepted until he has earned a second degree in his studies", "5", "May, 191", "A. M. S. B. L. M. S. L. M. S. L. M. S. L. M. S.

and proved his ability. The Committee has an unusual opportunity for following a man's work through his college course and in the professional schools. The New Yale in China will thus have a faculty of which any American college might well be proud.

## PROGRESS TO DATE

The Society, besides the faculty, is negotiating for a college campus and is already planning for the buildings to be erected upon it. The fund entrusted to the Society by the British Government makes possible the erection of a recitation and faculty hall and a dormitory. All the college buildings will be erected in the Chinese style of architecture, as far as is compatible with the requirements of a modern college. The College is to be an institution for China, and every building must emphasize that fact. Messrs. Atterbury and Phelps, architects in New York, have generously offered to draw the plans for the buildings. The Class of 1848 has contributed the sum of $2,000 in memory of Dr. Henry Blodget, and the money can be used to build a professor's house to be called "The Blodget Memorial." The ground for these buildings will be broken in the fall. The Society has secured at Kuling two lots and has already one house. This is the Summer sanitarium among the hills on the Yang-tzu to which the instructors will retire during the heat of the Summer vacation,—a most important provision for the welfare of the teachers.

## FINANCES

The basic plan of this movement is the support of each teacher by his class at Yale. The salaries paid the married members of the faculty will be $1,200; the unmarried teachers receive $800. These amounts will be contributed by small groups of from six to a dozen men. Such a small body of contributors can keep in close communication with the man they support, and thus have a personal interest in the work he is doing for them.

For buildings, the Society must rely upon special gifts. The

### Buildings

Committee is confident that when the work of instruction is well under way, donors of buildings will not be lacking, especially when the cheapness

6

of construction in China is considered. A fully equipped hospital can be erected for ten thousand dollars.

There will always be many items of general expenses, such as traveling for the teachers sent to China, equipment, maintenance of buildings, etc. The home expenses are practically nothing, the Committee gladly contributing their time and service, but allowance must be made for a constantly increasing general expense account. To meet this, a large number of annual contributors, who may be depended upon for specified sums, must be obtained. Class agents are being appointed to see in their respective classes the men who would naturally be interested in such a movement and to ask for their co-operation. This plan has already been tested and the Society is gaining a constituency of men interested in the work that offers such large opportunities for the highest Christian service. The undergraduate body of Yale has shown its confidence in this undertaking by subscribing liberally. Committees are at work in every class and the attitude of the undergraduates is clearly shown by the following editorial, published in the Yale News, February 3, 1905.

### General Expenses

### Yale News Editorial

"Yale is soon to exert a powerful influence in the Far East. An undertaking of inestimable value and historic importance is being carried on that bids fair to equal the greatest achievement ever attempted by this University. We speak of the college now being established in Changsha, Province of Hu-nan, China. The character and purpose of this institution are not as yet fully realized by undergraduates. It is to be a college, in its real sense—a branch of Yale, but laying special emphasis on science and medicine. It is not to be begun on a large scale. A limited amount of land is now being secured and the teaching staff will at first be small. But in establishing an educational institution with only five instructors, Yale is laying the foundations for the only non-sectarian Christian college in the whole Chinese Empire. A definite system of education will be instituted that will have for its field of work a province with a population more than a fourth as great as that of the United States. The proportions to which this college will grow and the national

7

prominence it will secure are purely matters of speculation. The little college founded at Saybrook over two hundred years ago had no brighter prospects.

"Since the plan was conceived three or more years ago, its development has been gradual and consistent. The University committee having it in charge are fully conversant with the conditions of the country and have made adequate preparation for the establishment of the college. The greatest care has been, and will be, exercised in the selection of instructors. Two degrees are required, and the character and standing of such men are so emphasized that the ability to undertake the work is certified. The governing board comprises some of the ablest men of the Yale Faculty, who will prepare the curriculum and be kept in close touch with every phase of development.

"Financial support is, of course, necessary, and to that end committees have been formed to canvass the University. As this is distinctly a University movement, and not simply Academic, support from every department is sought. We thoroughly believe that undergraduates will realize the enormous advantages involved both to China and to Yale and will respond liberally toward the success of the plan. From now on, Yale men everywhere will watch with interest the growth and development of this offshoot of their University."

COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY

PERMANENT MEMBERS

<table><tr><td>President Arthur T. Hadley, '76</td><td>Prof. B. W. Bacon, '81</td></tr><tr><td>Dean H. P. Wright, '68</td><td>Prof. R. N. Corwin, '87</td></tr><tr><td>Rev. C. R. Palmer, D.D., '55</td><td>Prof. H. B. Ferris, '87</td></tr><tr><td>Rev. J. W. Cooper, D.D., '65</td><td>Prof. W. L. Phelps, '87</td></tr><tr><td>Eli Whitney, '69</td><td>Dean F. K. Sanders, '89</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. Theodore S. Woolsey, '72</td><td>Prof. Edward B. Reed, '94</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. F. Wells Williams, '79</td><td>Rev. A. P. Stokes, Jr., '96</td></tr><tr><td>Prof. G. T. Ladd, '81</td><td>Prof. C. C. Torrey, 1900</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>R. S. Smith, '03</td></tr></table>

From the American Board

<table><tr><td>President S. B. Capen</td><td>Rev. Judson Smith, D.D.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Prof. Edward C. Moore</td></tr></table>

ELECTIVE MEMBERS

Term expires June, 1905

<table><tr><td>Rev. G. E. Day, D.D., '37</td><td>J. M. Whitehead, '77</td></tr><tr><td>Rt. Rev. C. B. Brewster, D.D., '68</td><td>C. H. Kelsey, '78</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>E. S. Harkness, '97</td></tr></table>

Term expires June, 1906

<table><tr><td>Rev. Timothy Dwight, D.D., '49</td><td>J. S. Houghteling, '76</td></tr><tr><td>Pierce N. Welch, '62</td><td>Gifford Pinchot, '89</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>J. F. Ferry, '01 S.</td></tr></table>

Term expires June, 1907

<table><tr><td>Rt. Rev. E. S. Lines, D.D., '72</td><td>William Sloane, '95</td></tr><tr><td>J. B. Reynolds, '84</td><td>R. S. Brewster, '97</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>A. C. Williams, '98</td></tr></table>

Term expires June, 1908

<table><tr><td>Rev. R. C. Morse, '62</td><td>Rev. H. P. Beach, '78</td></tr><tr><td>Rev. W. R. Richards, D.D., '75</td><td>Lewis S. Welch, '89</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Henry B. Wright, '98</td></tr></table>

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

*Chairman*

*Executive Secretary*

Dean Henry P. Wright, Ph.D., LL.D., '68
(Dean of Yale College)

Dean F. K. Sanders, Ph.D., D.D., '89 Hon.
(Dean of Yale Divinity School)

Rev. Harlan P. Beach, M.A., F.R.S., '78
(Specialist in Missions)

Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, M.A., '96
(Secretary of Yale University)

Lewis S. Welch, '89
(Editor of Yale Alumni Weekly)

Arthur C. Williams, '98
(Assistant Treasurer)

[Confidential—not for Publication]

# Yali's Service During Recent Political Disturbances.

From a letter from Dr. Hume dated April 5, 1918.

You will have seen from the papers that there has been a serious Civil War during the past five months. Of the activities in Changsha last November you have already heard and the accounts in the Alumni Weekly indicate that you felt considerable apprehension about our well-being. From the middle of November till the middle of March the Southern party was dominant in Hunan, their Commanding General for the Armies of Kwangtung, Kwangsi and Hunan, having his quarters at Changsha. The struggle was carried northwards, the Northern army retreated from Yochow, and the South might have dictated terms if it had pressed vigorously forward. Serious inactions, however, gave the North a chance to unify its forces. The tide was turned and now Changsha is again under complete military subjugation to the law. Northern military party. The streets are bristling with soldiers, the countryside is filled with fear of law-lessness and the whole atmosphere is uncertain with doubt as to whether further struggles are impending and the whole community is uncertain with doubt as to whether further struggles are impending. The enclosed letter to Mr. Johnson (American Consul at Changsha) will tell you of an incident which seems to us one of the real evidences of Yali's activity on many years, being separated from the medical property by less than fifty yards and from the Academic property by about the same distance. During times of civil preponderance in the Government a small corporal guard was sufficient to watch it and prevent frontal attack and danger. Fire starting in the barracks to the North would always have been a terrible danger. During the period of real anarchy which existed on Tuesday, March 26th, when there was absolutely no Government here, I conferred with leaders of the gentry and commercial interests and after securing their approval, telephoned to Mr. Johnson to the effect that I could no longer carry the responsibility of this expensive property with a powder magazine so near and so likely to be set on fire. I told Mr. Johnson that I would try to secure a large junk or barge to carry the explosives upon it and moor it, if possible, at a safe distance, say five miles south of the city, I also said that if I could not make this arrangement on the river, I should have to sink the powder in the mote adjoining the magazine. It was a great satisfaction to have him say "go ahead."

The sequel has been satisfactory for we are now able to provide for the army a commodious, though simple emergency hospital which is proving of the utmost use at this time of military activity. Within three days after the occupation of this building, which we now call our Hospital Annex, we had the satisfaction of seeing in it about 46 sick and wounded soldiers. This is entirely outside of the number in the main hospital, where both medical and surgical wards on the men's side are full to overflowing and outside of several hundred cared for in the Red Cross Hospital inside the city.

We are hoping that this Hospital Annex may be permanently placed at our disposal for military medical needs or as a Isolation Hospital. No one has failed to express the relief and gratitude at the conversion of a danger into a public service. Dr. Davidson has kindly consented to supervise the building and has the assistance of an emergency force of orderlies. Serious cases are sent into the main hospital. Dr. Branch has the responsibility for the greater proportion of the professional work as most of the case are surgical.

Extracts of letter from Dr. Hume to Mr. Johnson, Consul at Changsha, dated March 28:

I have to report that at 12:30 P. M., on Tuesday, March 26, 1918, I went to the powder magazine adjacent to the Hospital property and found the guardhouse entirely deserted. After passing through the guardhouse, I found the main gate locked and while investigating the property, one of the guards dressed in plain clothes appeared. Although he told me at first that the keys were inside the city, I searched him and found them concealed in his clothes. He turned the keys over to me and I entered the magazine.

As no junk could be secured to which the gunpowder could be taken and stored I removed with the assistance of the hospital staff the entire quantity of the gunpowder and threw in into the water of the moat surrounding the magazine.

There has been thus removed from this neighborhood a menace which has caused great apprehension to the entire community for a number of years. *** During the twelve hours preceding the removal of the gunpowder, three extensive fires had occured Northeast of the city and sparks from these fires would have fallen upon the magazine enclosure in large numbers if the wind had been from the Southeast. *** The further fact that the place was entirely unguarded and might easily have been forced open by ruffians provided abundant ground for the emergency measures. *** The question of the ultimate disposal of this magazine, must, I believe, be postponed until we have in Changsha a stable and recognizable Government. *** When Government has become stable I shall look forward to your co-operation in securing official permission to use the building permanently either for the care of sick soldiers or as an annex for cases of infectious disease, such as smallpox, scarlet fever, etc., for which there is at present absolutely no provision in this vicinity. *** I am confident that if this matter is laid wisely before the officials, we shall secure not only their approval but their thanks for converting the menace of the powder magazine into an institution meeting a very real public need.

THE GATE HO

YA-LI IN WORLD RECONSTRUCTION

What Some Authorities in Orient Trade, Politics and Uplift
Say of the Changsha Enterprise

THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

New York, October 18

America needs Yale College in Changsha almost as much as
China needs that institution and neither country can afford to
have Yale activities in China diminished in the least degree.
( The feeling of confidence in America's motives has resulted not
in a small degree from the activities in China of such institutions)
as the one supported by Yale College. It would be a great mis-
fortune if there were any relaxation in the financial or other
support of Yale-in-China at the present time.

Yours very truly,
M. A. OUDIN,
Manager Foreign Dep't

THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS

Philadelphia, October 17

In my opinion, (American colleges and hospitals in China are of incalculable value, not only in alleviating suffering and the reduction of disease, but generally in the spreading of knowledge, and particularly knowledge of our country, its institutions, and altruistic aims. The heart of America beats in sympathy with the aspirations of the Chinese nation.)

Very truly yours,
ALBA B. JOHNSON,
President

INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION

55 Wall Street, New York,
October 22

I am glad to be able to give my hearty endorsement of the
splendid work being done by "Yale in China" and to set down my
conviction of its great value to the Allied cause.

The informing of public opinion in China—in these times when enemy influence is active there against us—is of paramount importance not only to ourselves but to the Chinese as well; and work such as "Yale's" is certain to accomplish great good in this direction.

Most sincerely yours,
H. T. S. GREEN,
President

SAN FRANCISCO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

October 23

From the knowledge I have of the Yale-in-China work, I am
deeply impressed with the benefits to be secured from such educa-
tional campaigns.

Every possible encouragement should be given to the furtherance
of such intelligent activities, which afford an opportunity to the
Chinese to themselves develop those characteristics and to become
imbued with those principles and ideals of democracy for which
the right nations of the world are battling.

Very truly yours,
ROBERT NEWTON LYNCH,
Vice President and Manager

UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD
EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION

Philadelphia, Pa., October 19

An organization of this kind in a far-off country is a splendid thing. It affords a common meeting ground for American citizens who may be living there, gives them an opportunity to discuss and interpret home ideas, keeps up their patriotism and at the same time helps to alleviate any feeling of home-sickness that they may have. Much splendid work can be done in off-setting enemy propaganda. )

Sincerely yours,
C. M. SCHWAB,
Director General

THE ROBERT DOLLAR COMPANY
SHIPPING AND LUMBER

San Francisco, October 24

Your work has been a godsend to China and the good work done at Changsha is an inspiration for us all to do our share in helping China to help herself and also to increase the friendship between the two nations.

I wish you godspeed in your great and good work that is certainly making the world better to live in.

ROBERT DOLLAR

AMERICAN ASIATIC ASSOCIATION

New York City, October 10

I should like to be recorded in most emphatic approval of the work which is being done through the instrumentality of Yale-in-China. No sincere friend of the young Republic can fail to see that its chief and crying need is an intelligent public opinion and I can imagine no more effective instrument for its creation than the influence of such an institution as that in which you are so deeply interested. There is the further and vital necessity of informing the Chinese people in regard to the ideals in whose defense the Allied nations have gone to war.

Yours very truly,
JOHN FOORD,
Secretary

THE CHINESE LEGATION

Washington, October 5

I hope that every effort will be made to maintain the educational activities of the college at the highest efficiency at this time.

As an exponent of all that is best in Western education, the college has done a valuable service in China in propagating those democratic principles and ideals for which the United States and the other Allied Powers, including China, are fighting in the present World War.

V. K. WELLINGTON KOO

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION
CHINA MEDICAL BOARD

New York, November 11

Among the great privileges of my trip to China in 1915 was that of visiting Yale-in-China at Changsha. The work which you and your associates are doing there is of the highest character and you all enjoy the enthusiastic confidence of the Chinese. The China Medical Board has made practical its approval of the work by its contributions to your medical work.

Cordially yours,
WALLACE BUTTRICK

Legal Designation: "Yale Foreign Missionary Society, Inc."

New Haven Office, 5 White Hall

AMOS P. WILDER, Secretary and Treasurer

# Resisting German Intrigue in China, Safe-guarding Her from Dissolution, and Reinforcing Her as an Ally--Yale-in-China a Strategic Center

The first duty is to win the War. Everything must yield to that. And there must be no neglected precautions.
Mr. Hail, acting Dean of the College of Yale-in-China, writes:

"Our alert and resourceful foe is carrying on a ceaseless propaganda with the aim of keeping China so stirred up that no aid may go from her to the Allies. The efforts of others are being ably seconded by all manner of factions in China through whose dissensions the anarchy within the states grows worse from day to day, while the economic resources of the land are being shamefully wasted. Thus China is rapidly becoming a source of danger to the world."

Through anarchy and disintegration, China may become a vassal state furnishing the sinews of warfare to an inconceivable extent to some sinister military empire; or China may break up into several nations mutually hostile, some under the power of other countries,—a second Balkans; or China may be regenerated by the aid of friendly nations and transformed from a plague spot to a strong, friendly, democratic power.

It is at this point that Yale can render a mighty service. Thirteen years ago a little group of Yale men organized a center of influence in mid-China that to-day is one of the mighty forces working for a united and aspiring nation. Gage, Hume, Yen, Chang and their associates—American and Chinese—are known in Peking, Tientsin and Canton, and their opinions heeded. There are 400,000,000 people in China but every one of the *intelligentsia* knows of the community at Changsha where ardent scholars are at work and both races are determined on a Better China. Thousands of select youths have studied there or are now working on the campus. Each one of them grateful to America and instilled with American spirit. They scatter over the Eighteen Provinces to tell their story of the skill, the unselfish interest, the goodwill that abound in the group of fifty American men, women and children who make up Yali. Don't for a moment conceive of this Changsha activity as a burden during this War —it is one of the big things that America and Yale are doing.

Typical of this is the Hospital towering over all other buildings in a province of 22,000,000 people, ministering to over 32,000 cases of suffering each year,—the center of medical and nursing studies to set standards,—a mighty message of better things to the impoverished, rebellion-ridden and dazed myriads of China.

What does China need most? She needs *patriots*. The conception of unselfish, loyal-to-the-death devotion to the Nation is new to the Chinese, though they will fight desperately for their village. There is lack of *national* pride and devotion. Only here and there is a public man grimly determined to carry through a constructive program. *These are the Western-trained men.* It is from Chinese trained by Americans and British that the country draws her true patriots. The New Haven Yale and the Changsha Yale and like institutions train men to respond to the call of patriotism and duty. They grasp the relationship of China to the rest of the world. They recognize the factor of character and the place of moral and religious training in the making of men. They shatter the barriers that bar the democracy that Woodrow Wilson seeks.

## YALI'S SERVICES IN WAR.

Yali has released Brownell Gage, '98, to organize educational work among the hundreds of thousands of Chinese in the Labor Corps in France. Dr. Branch, our head surgeon, is in Washington, being commissioned as Captain in medical service. Dr. Davidson, '09, will return in February for governmental medical service. Miss Carter, one of our nurses, is booked for Siberia. Miss Gage, head of this department, was one of the faculty at the Vassar Training School during the past summer. Clement, Olsen, Gould, '17 men, who went out to relieve the overtaxed teaching staff, promptly returned—all now are with the colors.

There are 53 students in the college; and 125 in the Preparatory School. In addition to these are the fifty Chinese youths studying in the Medical School, and the pupils of the Nursing School for men and women. Internal disorders are closing many of the government schools; Yali apparently is the only school of standing left in Hunan and adjoining provinces to meet the need. To put the American, the Ally, the Christian stamp on these future leaders of China is not a task that we can shirk.

We can do the work if the alumni will give us the money. We have trimmed all sails; expenditures are down to a minimum; needed buildings must wait. The China Medical Board and the Hunan Provincial Government are helping, but on the medical side exclusively, and the latter's grant is in depreciated currency. To secure these gifts and to supplement we must raise $40,000 this year in America from the alumni. The high price of silver resulting in unfortunate exchange compels 60% additional in money remitted to China.

We must look chiefly to older graduates and to Yale families. The army of regular givers among the younger graduates is now scattered in the army of our country. Will not the parents, the relatives of these Yale men in service, safeguard their deep interest in Yali in their absence? We ask present givers, if possible, to double their gifts. Some must give largely. We appeal to that large class of Yale men who have silently watched the growth of this work of their fellows in the Orient, wondering what it was all about. Surely these must now be convinced that Yale with characteristic vision and courage has instituted in mid-China a work that is worthy of her.

When the War ends and the distracted nations have opportunity to look about them, let them find Yale-in-China "carrying on." As patriots and Yale men it will gratify us to see both nation and university doubly entrenched in the affection of the Chinese because we did not fail them in their hour of need.

Offices of Yale-in-China, 5 White Hall, New Haven,
AMOS P. WILDER, Treasurer.

XXVIII, No. 3

October 4, 1918

YALE

PIERSON

1701

ANDREW

1707

CUTLER

1719

WILLIAMS

1726

CLAP

1740

ACCOMP

1756

ALUMNI
WEEKLY

STILES

1778

DWIGHT

1795

DAY

1807

WOOLSTON

1846

PORTER

1871

DWIGHT

1885

The University Union Abroad

An Account by Lee W. Dodd, '99 S., Recently Secretary of the Yale Bureau in Paris, of the Work Being Done by the American University Union in Europe and the Yale Bureau, Which is a Part of the Union

University News

President Hadley's Matriculation Sermon
Preached Last Sunday—Preliminary University Enrollment Figures—News
from Yale in China—War Training
Notes—The Howe Bequest

Office 120 High Street, New Haven, Connecticut
$3.00 a Year
10 cts. a Copy

HADLEY 1899

1783

1701

1901

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

October 4

of our usual practice in these matters could only embarrass
me charged with the accomplishment of the present great task.
ough the men in all of the units have full schedules,—some
odd hours a week,—Saturday afternoons will be free and
ought to be possible to have numerous inter-unit impromptu
ests which would be fun for both the participants and the
ators.

All of our athletic facilities have been placed at the disposal
the Commandant and he has been assured of the support of the
letic organization in any plans for athletic sports which may
made.

The Howe Bequest to Yale

was learned during the past summer that by the will of the
late Elmer P. Howe, '76, whose death occurred on June 13,
8, Yale University would receive one-half of the residual
its share being estimated at about $200,000. An equal
ount will go to the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Private
ests also made by Mr. Howe amounted to between $35,000 and
000. This bequest to Yale is one of the largest received from
raduate of the University. Mr. Howe was the dean of all
uate Yale interests in Boston and leaves a host of Yale
nds.

THE LIFE OF ELMER P. HOWE

Elmer Parker Howe was born on November 1, 1851, the son
Archelaus Matthias and Hannah Janette (Brigham) Howe.
m his family moved in 1860 to Worcester, Mass., he received
early education in the public schools and learned the ma-
ist's trade in his father's shop, a training which was to prove
reat value to him later in his professional practice. He spent

the years 1868-71 studying at the Worcester County Free Insti-
tute of Industrial Science (now the Worcester Polytechnic In-
stitute), where he received the degree of B.S. After a year of
study with Charles R. Lanman, '71, he entered Yale, where he
was awarded prizes in English composition in Sophomore year,
received a Junior Dissertation and a Senior Second Dispute, and
was president of the Yale Navy in his Senior year and a member
of Skull and Bones.

For two years after his graduation from Yale, he studied law
in the office of Hillard, Hyde & Dickinson in Boston, Mass., and
at the same time attended lectures at the Boston University Law
School, going to Worcester in the summer of 1878 and continu-
ing his studies in the office of Hoar & Nelson, being admitted to
the bar in September. On January 1, 1879, he was made junior
partner in the firm of Hillard, Hyde & Dickinson, and the June
following, when the senior partner, Mr. George S. Hillard, died,
the firm became known as Hyde, Dickinson & Howe. From 1896,
when the partnership was discontinued by mutual consent, Elmer
P. Howe practiced alone and made patent and corporation law
his specialties, being known as one of the leading patent lawyers
of the American bar.

From 1881 to 1910, he was counsel for the American Trust
Company in Boston, continuing as a director of the company until
1911, and he was also the counsel for the Goodyear Shoe Ma-
chinery Company, of which he was also vice president and a
director from 1890. One of the five men who promoted the
organization of the United Shoe Machinery Company in 1899, he
afterwards served as its counsel and a member of its board of
directors and executive committee, continuing in this capacity
until his death.

He was a member of the Alumni Advisory Board, representing
the Boston Yale Club from its organization in 1909. From 1897
until 1915, when he resigned, he was a trustee of the Worcester
Polytechnic Institute. He was a member of the Boston Bar
Association and the American Chemical Society and of a number
of Boston and New York clubs. Both in this country and abroad
he had traveled extensively.

For some years he had been in poor health. A severe shock
suffered on June 13 caused his death. He was buried in Pine
Grove Cemetery in his native town of Westboro. In the last few
years he had made his home in Marblehead a great deal of the
time. He was unmarried.

The October Yale Review

The amazing changes wrought by the war in American ideals
and institutions are subjected to penetrating analysis by Professor
Albert Bushnell Hart in the leading article of the October *Yale
Review*. Equally significant for these times is John Galsworthy's
"American and Briton," in which Mr. Galsworthy interprets the
Englishman of to-day to his American comrade in arms. Alfred
Noyes in a poem entitled "The Union" pays high tribute to the
United States as a leader of the new spiritual federation of free
peoples. Our increasingly important relations with Japan and the
Far East are frankly discussed from the Japanese viewpoint by
K. K. Kawakami. Professor E. G. Nourse, a specialist in agri-
cultural economics, writes upon the Revolution in American Farm-
ing which the war has done much to hasten. Tanks and the gos-
pel of Tanks are cogently set forth by Henry Seidel Canby, who
recently visited the headquarters of the famous arm of the British
service in France. Can a nation become bankrupt through war?
When can we best pay for the war? These are some of the
questions answered by C. Reinold Noyes in an article on "Falla-
cies of War Finance," outlining the fundamentals of sound war
tax legislation. Ralph Adams Cram, the greatest American
authority on Gothic, estimates the loss to the world in the destruc-
tion of Reims Cathedral, and explains what should be done for the
magnificent ruin now happily delivered from Teuton savagery.

Readers of fiction will be keenly interested in two literary
articles which appear in the October *Yale Review*. Dean Wilbur
Cross, editor of the magazine, overwrites the conventional views
of Fielding, and substitutes for them an entirely new interpreta-
tion of the author of "Tom Jones." Katharine Fullerton Geroud
has a criticism, written with her accustomed verve and sanity, of
the much discussed War Novels. "Cap'n Tom Beebe's Choice,"
by E. M. Chapman, is an amusing story of a September day's
fishing in mysterious waters. Sara Teasdale contributes a char-
acteristic group of "Songs to Myself," and Grace Hazard
Conkling a sonnet to Francis Ledwidge. Frederick E. Pierce and
Karle Wilson Baker are also represented by verse, and the body
of the magazine closes with a war poem by Miss W. M. Letts of
rare beauty and deep appeal—"The Road that Goes West."

THE LATE ELMER P. HOWE, '76

Who made Yale University and Worcester Polytechnic Institute his residual legatese

1918

THE YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY

65

Reports from Ya-li

REPORTS from Yale-in-China show that the staff is at work, despite the War and unsettled conditions. The following shows the distribution of students during the last Fall term:

<table><thead><tr><th>COLLEGE</th><th></th><th>PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Seniors</td><td>0</td><td>Fourth year</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Juniors</td><td>2</td><td>Third year</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Sophomores</td><td>6</td><td>Second year</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Freshman A</td><td>29</td><td>First year</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Freshman B</td><td>16</td><td>Special</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>53</td><td>Total</td><td>125</td></tr></tbody></table>

The first College class was graduated in June, 1917. It consisted of eight men. Their names (in Chinese form with surname written first) are as follows:

Chang Tsen, who is this year preaching for the United Evangelical Church.

Cheng Nai-hsun, who is now employed by the Standard Oil Company.

Hwang Pu, who has gone to America for Graduate work.

Hwa Tsu-hsu, who is employed in the Hunan Yale Hospital.

Lao Chi-chiang, who is an instructor in Ya-li.

Liu Nan-seng, who is studying medicine in the Hunan Yale Medical School.

Ouyang Chi, who is preaching and teaching for the United Evangelical Church.

Wen Nan-tu, who is studying theology in Peking.

Mr. Hail, acting dean of the college, writes of the services that Ya-li students are rendering. They conduct a primary school for the village children just outside the gates. When the Northern soldiers were defeated and several thousands imprisoned in Changsha, the students (so long as the Southern authorities permitted) went to the camps and wrote home letters for the prisoners, giving addresses and conducting religious exercises. This kindness later saved the life of one student who on a visit to his parents was seized on suspicion of being a spy; he was recognized by one of the soldiers who had been aided. The students contribute to the support of the local orphanage and blind school. When Liling was burned and 500 refugees came to Changsha, Ya-li students aided in their relief. During the summer student groups conducted schools in their native villages and lectured to the people on hygiene, sanitation, geography, and other subjects.

To compensate for those of the staff retiring for war service, two workers sailed this Fall. One is Mrs. Edith C. Huang, a Chinese lady whose education, begun under the missionaries at Foochow, has lately been continued in Philadelphia as a trained

nurse. Another is Sylvester Smith, '18 S., the youngest man in his Class, not subject to the original draft.

The need of physicians at Ya-li for the coming year is very great. Especially is there need of instruction in anatomy, physiology, and in "eye and ear." It is trying that the large classes offering for the medical school shall not receive the attention they should have. Friends of Ya-li are urged to notify the New Haven office of any man or any woman competent to give instruction in these topics.

A Changsha correspondent writes:

This city certainly has been fortunate, for there has been no real fighting and comparatively little looting here; while other parts of the province have suffered almost the fate of Belgium: massacres, looting, rape, burning, etc. The tendency for some foreigners who formerly were most enthusiastic about China's changes as a Republic is to lose hope of her possibilities and even to wonder whether Japan might not make a better job if she came in and run things. However, China has muddled through plenty of trouble and we'll hope she will survive this civil war.

We have in the last month had visits from several Yale men: first, the Eddy party, with Sherwood Eddy and Sherry Day, '12, in it. They did fine work in Changsha and our student body was much influenced. Then a brief visit from Dr. F. K. Sanders, formerly Dean of the Divinity School at Yale, now Secretary of the Board of Missionary Preparation. Lastly, a five days' visit from Henry K. Murphy, '99.

The Outlook for Athletics

UPON the invitation of the ALUMNI WEEKLY, Professor Robert N. Corwin, '87, Chairman of the Athletic Association Board of Control, has made the following statement to show the situation regarding athletic sports as the University begins the year under an intensive war-training régime:

The War Department has assigned to the colleges and universities of the country the task of discovering and developing officer material for the United States Army. This new task will involve radical and far-reaching changes in most matters which concern college life. The need is pressing and the work must be intensive. Many things, therefore, which have been considered essential must be discarded or replaced by a training hitherto quite unknown in college.

We, therefore, do not know what place in this new régime can be assigned to athletics. It has been demonstrated at our training camps that men under intensive training need recreation and that athletic sports provide this in a most healthful form. It is evident that intercollegiate athletic sports as practiced in the past are impossible, even if they should still seem to some desirable in this time of stress. Any insistence upon a continua-

LOOKING NORTH TO THE YA-LI CAMPUS, THE GATE HOUSE APPEARING IN THE FOREGROUND.

THE GUEST HALL.

By November 12th, it became evident that we should be able to carry out our intention of opening on the 1st of the 10th Chinese moon, i. e. on November 16th, and so we sent out notices to the missionaries resident in the city saying that we should commence our exercises in a quiet way on the set day. As it was so late in the Fall, and as our modern furniture was not yet here, we thought it best not to make the occasion a brilliant and formal one by inviting the provincial and local officials to be present, but sent word to them that such an occasion would probably occur after Chinese New Year.

At eight o'clock on Friday morning, November 16th, the exercises of the school were commenced by prayers. It was a very simple service externally viewed, but it was full of great meaning to every one who is connected with or interested in the progress of the work of the Yale Mission. The exercises were conducted by Seabury. We were able to sing a hymn, Mrs. Hume officiating at the little organ. After prayers, each member of the Chinese and American teaching staff said a few words, and we were ready for actual work. I was able to get two photographs of the occasion, and I send them here with. You will get a fuller idea of the present arrangement of studies when you receive a copy of the time table. At present I am giving you just an outline of our activities. Till Gage returns, we are rather short handed for teachers of English, and therefore it has become necessary for Seabury, Hail, and myself, each to give two hours per day to this subject. Arithmetic, History, and Science are in charge of Mr. Kao, while Mr. Ts'ai has all the purely Chinese work, i. e. literature and history. There are six hours of class room work per day, the four morning sessions beginning at 8.30, 9.30, 10.30, and 11.30. Lunch is served at 12.30 and there are classes again at two and three in the afternoon.

Of the thirty who were originally admitted, two or three were unable to come, and their places were filled at once. The chances are that there will never be trouble in getting all the students we have room to accommodate, especially as in the future we shall be able to open our schools as early as the other schools in the city.

In the two weeks that have elapsed since the school opened, the striking thought in our minds has been that things have gone on so smoothly. The men seem to be in good spirits, and their whole attitude has been satisfactory. One interesting case of discipline must be reported. It was the case of a young man, who during the first few days of school signed a certain name, and then, after about a week, began to sign it otherwise. Inquiry before the Faculty showed that he had not been present at the regular examinations in October, but that the first named fellow had been there. The present student after hearing of the school from the first named, who had taken the examinations, decided that he would like to

come. So he bought him off, arranging to come in his stead, and also bought the right to use the name so long as it should seem wise to him to do so. He thought that after a few days in school, he could safely use his own name, and that as he was a good student, we should probably want him to stay, and should overlook the little irregularity. He soon found out his mistake and left us.

So far, we have invited one of the ministers in the city to come in and preach on Sunday mornings. We have had Rev. Mr. Wilson of the London Mission, a man of long experience and good knowledge of the Chinese, who was associated with Seabury in the famine relief work; Rev. Mr. Gotterburg of the Norwegian Mission, and the Rev. Mr. Hwang, an able Chinese clergyman of this city. Sunday evenings, we shall probably have informal gatherings, either for singing, or for conversation in English along lines that would be helpful for boys. This brings one to the matter that is on all our hearts, i. e. two of our great needs, a good talking machine,* and a good stereopticon, with slides. They would do much to solve the problem of evening entertainments.

Of the medical work, I shall speak in another letter.

Yours very sincerely,

EDWARD H. HUME.

There are several comments to make on the above report. The friendly attitude of the Changsha officials was clearly shown in furnishing tables and chairs for entrance examinations. This unusual courtesy is the more marked as the school was, at the time, an entirely unknown quantity so far as its actual work was concerned. It is interesting to note that the charge for each student is thirty-five dollars, gold. This includes room, board, and instruction. The medical work referred to by Doctor Hume was the opening of his dispensary, located directly opposite the school property. This dispensary contains rooms for ten beds, for the more serious cases, sleeping rooms for the staff, and a room for classes in medicine. It has been leased for six years at the low rent of eighteen dollars a month. The Executive Committee believe that the Yale Mission College will be in every way worthy of its name. Its teachers are men of courage, determination, and ability. It has an unequalled field for work, and it is the firm purpose of all connected with it to make it a powerful factor in the development of Hunan and a source of pride to the University.—EX. COMM.

## Regulations and Curriculum of the College as Described in the First Catalog.

Yale men will regard with some interest the first catalog of the College which recently began its real work in Changsha, the Chinese text of which has just reached New Haven. It forms a modest pamphlet of sixteen pages that sets forth the purpose and program of the College of the "Elegant Privileges," as the characters *Ya Li*, which have been selected to represent the sound *Yale*, imply when translated. It is the aim of the institution, we are told, "to broaden the learning of its students, build up character and train in loyalty to the Emperor and patriotism to the Nation." The College places equal emphasis upon both Chinese and Western learning, but special attention is to be paid to English as the chief medium of modern education." It begins work with a Preparatory Department only, but expects when there are students at hand sufficiently trained to proceed further in their studies, to have also an Academic Department and special schools for graduate work and professional study. Accommodation at present is limited to thirty boarding students, who are called upon to pay the very modest sum of seventy dollars (silver) for a year's tuition and lodging; in the near future the number admitted will probably be raised to one hundred. "Those who wish to enter this institution as students will

* It is pleasant to be able to add that both the "talking machine" and the stereopticon are already on their way to China; through the kind efforts of Dr. F. Winthrop Pyle, '97, and Dr. Norton A. Kent, '95.

Yale-in-China Office,

# THE YALE MISSION IN CHINA
## NEWSLETTER FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR OF 1908-1909

### FIVE YEARS IN BRIEF

In April, 1904, the first representatives of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society arrived in Changsha, the capital of Hunan, a central province of China with a population of more than twenty millions. They were Rev. Brownell Gage, Yale '98, and his wife, a fully qualified physician. The Society did not own a foot of property, but they were accorded a royal welcome by representatives of the various missions in the city. Their homes were ours, as were their hearty co-operation and sympathetic interest.

At intervals others joined them:—the family of Dr. Hume, Yale '97, of India, where he had been born and had labored for some time; Seabury of 1900, whose lamented death by drowning two summers ago has been so serious a blow; “Billy” Hail, Yale's record-breaking athlete, a Divinity School and graduate student; Mrs. Thurston, the devoted and effective continuator of the work of her husband who had been the pioneer of the Mission and had secured our call as educators from all Hunan missionary societies; and as a temporary adviser and superlative teacher, Dr. W. H. Sallmon, Class of '94, who accepts a position here at Yale the coming year. The latest accession to our force is Miss Gage, a graduate of Wellesley and of the training school of nurses at Roosevelt Hospital, who joins her brother and will be head of our nursing staff in the Yale Hospital in China.

All who have had the opportunity have made good use of their time as students of Chinese, and are proving themselves excellent all-round missionaries. They can play a strong game of tennis; one of them trains and conducts the large chorus whose musical skill constitutes much of the charm of Kuling, the great summer sanitarium of Central China; all are decidedly *personæ grates* in the social life of the city and region round about; they have an enviable name already as educators; and some of Central China's best preachers are members of our staff.

We own excellent school premises in the very heart of Changsha. Our rented hospital and dispensary are on the opposite side of the street, while another residence is also within the city walls. Owing to the absence of wheeled vehicles and draught animals, our School yard is as quiet at noon as the Yale quadrangle is at dawn; yet we shall be better located when we are able to build on a spacious campus some two and a half miles outside the city. Because of this anticipated removal and enlargement, the School enrolment has been purposely kept small. It has thus been possible for our men to give more time to Chinese study than if they had had a hundred students to care for.

Our missionaries have more than realized the expectations of the thirteen societies that invited us to come to Hunan; and among those Europeans who are usually hypercritical objectors against missions, we are held in esteem. In the latest Chinese work descriptive of the Province, “The Hunan Village-Earth Geography,” just published and written by a professor in one of the Government institutions, there is a very favorable reference to our School. Its author subsequently came to our men for instruction, thus illustrating the accepted opinion of the Chinese as to our educational standing.

### SCHOOL WORK DURING THE PRESENT YEAR

Owing to the anti-foreign sentiment prevalent in Hunan until 1900, our Mission has been obliged to begin its work from the foundation, so far as the knowledge of English and Western sciences is concerned. Hence, nearly three years after opening our School, we are still at the preparatory stage of the work, corresponding to the last year of American Grammar Schools and the first two years of High Schools.

The attendance during the year in the regular classes has been thirty-four, all of them boarders. Many of the students are sons or grandsons of officials. They are most eager students and are likely to bring honor to the parent University as thorough-going scholars. Just at this period when New China on its student side has developed the strike spirit and has exhibited a decided inclination to insubordination, the Faculty report the best year in our brief history. The students have come to know our position, and are not only glad to be subject to the wise regulations of the institution, but are also proud of the good name and growing reputation of New Yale.

Important lines of advance are to be noted since the last report. A special normal class for teachers in mission schools has been in successful operation. This is a very important step for the reason that though China for millenniums has produced innumerable scholars, their training has been mainly that of the memory and of form. Moreover, the vast majority of these men have been taught individually, rather than in classes. As a result, at this time when there is a demand both from mission schools and

from Government institutions for teachers of the new order, the supply is practically nil. The beginning that our School has thus made will probably need to be continued and considerably improved upon.

Another special class is of even greater interest because of its closer relation to Yale University. There are in Changsha a considerable number of men who have been educated in China's best colleges—St. John's in Shanghai, the North China College near Peking, the Presbyterian College in the province

of Shantung, and the Nan Yang Government College, for example. These young men are anxious to continue their studies under our staff, a number of them with the desire of preparing for entrance into American universities. A class of eight has been enrolled from this promising material, and our men are finding them excellent students. It makes one feel quite at home to read in the letters of Sallmon and Hume enthusiastic accounts of work in Latin, college entrance English, etc., and to see the stiff paper on "The House of Seven Gables," for instance, which they passed very creditably. As most of these men are teachers in Government schools, and as it is the common ambition to study at our University, China's New Yale may one day become one of the most important fitting schools for New Haven. The first Yale preliminaries will be passed at Changsha this summer.

There is another outer circle of young men who are coming to us for

help—men in mining and other engineering works of the Province who have been educated in America and who crave fellowship and intellectual stimulus, and a still larger number of persons who cannot leave their positions to enter school, but who are studying English under our missionaries.

YALE SCHOOL CHINESE GUEST ROOM

## THE IMPERIAL MOURNING

One event described in letters written immediatlely after the death of Their Imperial Majesties, the Empress Dowager and the Emperor, illustrates how sedulous our men are to conform to all rightful requirements of Chinese etiquette. At the time when the deaths were announced in Changsha, Government Schools were ordered closed, and signs of mourning, both personal and corporate, were to be displayed. Our School promptly heeded these suggestions, though being a private institution under the charge of foreigners this was not obligatory. White bands worn on the arm—in lieu of the Occidental crape—and a white decoration displayed upon our street front bearing four large blue characters signifying, “From Sea to Sea We Grieve Together,” were more acceptable to our students than the one hundred days of enforced abstinence from shaving and haircutting and from all use of musical instruments, as well as abstention from singing. The prompt desire of our missionaries thus to show respect upon learning that the Emperor “had mounted his Dragon Chariot and ascended to be a guest (of the Gods),” and that the “Compassionate, God-favoured, Upright, Protecting, Tranquil, Joy-giving, Glorious, Ever Ready, Dignified, Sincere, Venerable, To be Revered, Imperial, Sacrificing, Lofty, Splendid, the Dowager Empress” had “ascended in the fairy chariot to the far distance,” was officially used, so the story goes, to put to shame a director of one of the Government Schools, who had been remiss in his duties, ostensibly because he did not know in what way to show due respect to the August Departed.

## MEDICAL WORK OF THE MISSION

Dr. Hume reports a very busy year, despite the fact that he has been reinforced by a Chinese physician trained most admirably by Dr. Neal, Yale '77, and more recently by Miss Gage on the nursing side. The hospital has been so full that there was no alternative but to turn many away. The appreciation in which it is held and the helpfulness of fellow missionaries to our cause may be seen in the devotion to our medical work shown by one of the English Wesleyan missionaries, Dr. Heyward, who has been a constant and most welcome factor, particularly at the dispensary.

On November sixteenth last, precisely two years to a day after we had first opened our School, medical instruction began—the virtual opening of our Medical Department. Dr. Keller, Yale '92, had

had under his care two medical assistants, and these are the nucleus of the first class. He and Mrs. Keller, Dr. Hume and his Chinese colleague, Dr. Hou, are teaching them physiology, anatomy, chemistry, and English, together with that more practical clinical knowledge which men in America covet as hospital internes.

Previous to the beginning of our own teaching work, Dr. Hume had been lecturing in Chinese to a class of students in the Medical School at Hankow. A prominent physician, also a lecturer in that School, has borne testimony of the most flattering sort as to Dr. Hume's remarkable grasp of the Chinese language, which finds a crucial test in lecturing on so technical a subject in the vernacular. He also regards our Society as being particularly fortunate in having at the head of our Medical Department one of the most promising physicians of his age and experience to be found in the Empire. Dr. Hume has turned his linguistic gifts in the direction of preparing for free distribution, at

periods when small-pox and diphtheria were epidemic in the city, printed posters on these scourges, with an accompanying offer of free consultation and attendance,—an offer which has still further commended our cause.

VIEW OF CHANGSHA ROOFS, LOOKING FROM THE CITY WALL

## THE CAMPAIGN OF FRIENDSHIP

Because of the growing recognition of the value of the work in its varied phases, our representatives are gathering around the Mission an influential coterie of friends. The step taken in 1907, whereby we secured the co-operation of some of the strongest missionaries of the Province in an Advisory Committee, has been an increasingly valuable asset. The enthusiastic support and personal friendship of the Right Rev. Herbert Logan Roots, D.D., the Episcopal Bishop of Central China, and of other men of large influence, both in diplomatic and ecclesiastical spheres, have greatly strengthened our position.

More important, however, from the viewpoint of our primary aims, is the increasing hold that we are getting on our Chinese constituency, quite largely as a result of the medical service which we are rendering. Thus our negotiations for an ample campus outside the city walls had been looked upon with suspicion and had even met with opposition. The mastery of Chinese etiquette, which our men possess to a marked degree, has made a series of complimentary calls and the patient endurance of concomitant feasts the avenue into the very citadel of opposition. *Veni, visus sum, vici,* is the brief summary of the campaign, though it has meant constant and genuine devotion to the interests of these leading men who had regarded our ultimate aim to be that of opening mines, or erecting dangerous oil tanks, not to speak of the far more serious desecration of ancestral graves, of which there is a generous sprinkling on the new property. The son of a "Leader of trained bands," a key man in the ranks of a former opposition, is now an assistant in our hospital and is studying to fit himself to enter as a pharmacy student, while the "Squire" is friendliness itself, and his brother has been in the hospital in order to be cured of the opium habit.

## OUR RELIGIOUS WORK

Most of our students are from homes in which Christianity has not been known; consequently the religious life of the School has not been as vigorous as it will be when the proportion of Christian students is larger. It is encouraging to hear of the nucleus of praying men who have formed themselves into an embryo Dwight Hall, under the leadership of Chinese members of the Faculty. The President was formerly a professor in the North China College and is one of the most winsome Christian workers in the Empire. His father was in 1889 the first Chinese President of the first native Young Men's Christian Association of the Empire.

The Bible instruction of the School has been immensely aided by Dr. Sallmon, whose long experience in such matters has been turned to good account. So successful has this work proved that he has been asked to prepare special studies for the use of Chinese students of the college grade. It is hoped that he will be able to do this and that they may be published in our Mission's name.

At Chinese New Year we were able to aid in a promising innovation. At that time calls of ceremony are the order of the day and are very burdensome because of the large amount of time consumed.

from Government in
that our School has
Another special
There are in Chang-
St. John's in Shang

help—men in mining and who crave fellowships in their positions to enable

## THE IMPERIAL

One event described by Empress Dowager requirements of Chinese Schools were ordered. Our School prompt foreigners this was a white decoration of Sea to Sea We Grief enforced abstinence abstention from sin the Emperor "had "Compassionate, Dignified, Sincere, Empress" had "asp put to shame a direct because he did not

## MEDICAL WORK

Dr. Hume reported most active. The hospital has been which it is held and our medical work is constant and most valuable. On November medical instruction

On this occasion, the plan was consummated of gathering together Christians of all the Missions in Changsha at our School premises. They met in large numbers and after an interesting religious service, presided over by Dr. Keller of the China Inland Mission, they had a delightful social time together and were able to discharge many of their ceremonial obligations in a less taxing way than is customary. At other times, our School has been the recognized center for interdenominational fellowship.

## OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE PRESSING

At a meeting of Changsha missionaries called to hear the report of a young English missionary, Mr. Jowett, upon the work for Chinese students in Tokyo, there was expressed a strong united feeling, first, of responsibility for this student class, and, second, the conviction that the Yale Mission was the natural center for such work, whether it should take the form of lecture courses, concerts, reading room schemes or other activities. While the New Haven Committee has from the first had in mind some such development in the way of extension work, its members do not yet feel authorized to urge the initiation of the enterprise. A dream of the future, and one which Seabury had much on his heart, is the use of our present premises in the heart of the city for Association and settlement work after our new buildings make them available for such a purpose. It would thus furnish a base for a general Christian work, both for Faculty members and our students, and could readily be made a University Extension center that would be highly appreciated in a city where there are so many literati and young men of influence needing these privileges and safeguards.

A second opportunity has also been urged upon our Mission. The various missions have appointed a committee whose members have been discussing plans for the preparation of books and even for the publication of a newspaper in order to stem the growing tide of sceptical and theistic literature. The committee was unanimously of the opinion that the Yale Mission was the one body best fitted to lead in this kind of work. When one remembers the immense value to young Hindus of "The Epiphany," published by the Oxford Mission in Calcutta, this suggestion is very attractive.

## OUR NEW RECRUITS

The Executive Committee is glad to announce that two new men will join the Changsha force this year. One of them is Mr. Dickson H. Leavens, of 1909, who sails a fortnight after graduation. He goes out on a three years' engagement, after which he returns for further study and preparation. A classmate most generously provides for all the expenses of these years.

In the second candidate, Dr. F. C. Yen, the mission has its first American trained Chinese. Educated at St. John's College, Shanghai, both in the Preparatory and Medical Departments, Dr. Yen subsequently had valuable professional experience among his countrymen in the Transvaal, whence he came to the Yale Medical School. After taking the full course, he graduates in June with distinction. Dr. Yen proceeds to China via England, where he will take work in Tropical Medicine in London before joining Dr. Hume at Changsha. His charming personality, his excellent scholarship, his family connection with the famous educator and churchman of his own surname, and his confirmed Christian character, make Dr. Yen an ideal man with whom to initiate the Mission's plan of receiving on terms of equality Chinese colleagues who have had adequate foreign training.

## THE NEXT STEP FORWARD

This will be the erection of the first permanent buildings on the new Yale Campus. Situated far enough from the city to avoid its insalubrity and other influences harmful to the students, this site is yet near enough to permit of easy access. Money is in hand for the main building and possibly a dormitory as well. The Executive Committee is greatly desirous of securing $12,000 for a hospital and instructional building for the Medical Department, and also $9,000 for three residences for professors. If to and be able to build walls about the Campus and do some necessary grading, We would thus be able to enter upon the college stage of our China enterprise.

The time is certainly ripe for taking this step. Chang Chih-tung, head of the Government's educational students abroad except for higher forms of postgraduate study. For work of the collegiate and pro-rush to Japan has ceased to a large extent. In 1907 there were over 13,000 students there, while today Chinese officials on her graduate list than any other Occidental university, the New Yale in China has the best of prospects for a still wider influence over the Empire—exerted this time from within and greatest empire of Asia what all her graduates regard as of inestimable value to themselves and to America, will find in the Yale Collegiate School and in the later Yale College in China, the best medium for placing as large an investment as they may choose to make.

NEW HAVEN, May, 1909.

32.1

Warren Bartlett Seabury

Born in Lowell, Mass., September 17, 1877

Died in Kuling, China, July 29, 1907

EXTRACTS FROM HIS HOME LETTERS

"My way seems to have been wonderfully laid out for me, as I look back upon it from this little eminence. Surely through all these years I have been providentially led and prepared for this work and you rejoice with me in my growing joy. I am glad I kept at it and that so large a work is before me. Pray, as I do, that I may have the strength to take it up and not prove a disappointment to those who look to me to do my part."

"A very happy morning this has been, with good health, many friends, a fine work, all to be thankful for. I cannot put into suitable words the joy of living that I feel, the wine that is pressed from sweet relationships, the wealth of experiences, the strong hopes for better service and happier times still to be, — for all the unbidden pleasures coming at a time like this."

"All I want is strength (with wisdom, tact and faith), and God seems to have made me strong. That given I can make something of it out here."

"Always think of me with joy, because of what I am doing and because of the joy there is in it."

"All my wishes for you are for your happiness, and so I only hope that I may never cause you anything else."

"I think I have found my place and I expect to be happy trying to fill it full."

"The work looks very bright to-night and I am thankful for all that brought me to China; your prayers, God's manifold guidances and his direction in our choice."

"I do not know what is before me, but I am 'building my nest in the greatness of God.'" (To a class-mate)

"I have fought a good fight." —Text of the sermon which he preached in this church August 14, 1904.

"If I have finished the work which Thou hast me to do"

IN TENDER AND GRATEFUL
MEMORY OF

Arthur Sitgreaves Mann

GENEROUS, HEROIC, SELF-SACRIFICING,
WHO GAVE HIS LIFE IN REPEATED EFFORTS TO SAVE THE LIFE OF WARREN
B. SEABURY.

"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends,"

Order of Service

SAMUEL B. CAPEN, LL.D., Presiding
Representing the American Board.

INVOCATION . Rev. PARRIS T. FARWELL, Pastor of this church.

MUSIC. "Love Divine, all loves excelling"
Sung at the funeral in Kuling.

SCRIPTURE READING. Rev. W. B. STOSKOPF, the Church of the Advent, Boston.
Room-mate at Yale.

ADDRESS . . Rev. ANSON PHELPS STOKES, Jr., New Haven.
Representing Yale University.

ADDRESS . . Rev. D. BREWER EDDY, East Orange, N. J.
Representing the Executive Board of the Yale Mission in China.

MUSIC. "Sometimes a Light surprises"
Sung at the funeral.

ADDRESS . Rev. Prof. MELANCTHON W. JACOBUS, D.D., Hartford, Conn.
Representing Hartford Theological Seminary.

ADDRESS . . Rev. FRANK K. SANDERS, D.D., Boston.
Instructor and friend.

MUSIC. "Crossing the Bar"
One of his favorites.

ADDRESS . Bishop L. H. ROOTS, Amer. Epis. Mission, Hankow, China.
A friend in the foreign field.

PRAYER . . Rev. JOHN R. THURSTON, D.D., Whitinsville, Mass.
Father of the late Rev. Lawrence Thurston, first missionary of the Yale Mission in China.

MUSIC. "Not now, but in the coming years"

BENEDICTION . . Rev. EDWARD H. RUDD, Dedham.
Pastor of the church of which he was a member.

Singing: THE ALBION QUARTETTE. Organ: Miss HELEN G. HOOD.

"And His servants shall serve Him"

"My way seemed
from this
tially led
I am glad
I may have
who look

"A very happy
to be that
the wine is
strong to
den please

"All I want is

"Always think
joy there

"All my wishes
cause you

"I think I have

"The work lo
China; yo

"I do not know
God."

"I have fought
church A

### III. Immediate Needs
To meet accelerated growth in the new era now opening:

a. $25,000 for Recitation Hall.

b. 7,000 for two Professors' Houses at $3,500 each.

c. 15,000 to complete Dormitory Building.

d. 5,000 to complete Library Building.

e. 1,000 to complete Professor's House.

f. 1,675 as "Salary Group" from Class of 1908.

g. Salary of Construction Engineer.

h. Salaries of two new Doctors.

i. To meet increase in Annual Budget:

50 Annual Subscriptions at $100 each.

50 " " at 50 each.

100 " " at 25 each.

500 " " averaging 10 each.

### IV. What share will you take in this Yale work, characterized by Dr. Arthur H. Smith of China as "the greatest opportunity any University ever had for doing a matchless work for humanity?"

*We need the hearty moral and financial backing of every loyal Yale man.*

Headquarters, 5 White Hall, New Haven

CLARENCE H. KELSEY, '78, President

AMOS P. WILDER, '84, Vice President

HARLAN P. BEACH, '78, General Secretary

WILLIAM H. SALLMON, '94, Treasurer

New York Office, 156 Fifth Avenue

HOWARD RICHARDS, JR., '00 S., Associate Secretary

32 6

hospital in San Francisco suffering from stomach trouble.

Yale-in-China Office,
5 White Hall, New Haven, Conn.
October 18, 1918.

To Classmates of F. L. Chang, '13S., and M.F.'15,- now a teacher at Yale:-

It occurs to me that the following letter from Chang may be of interest to his classmates, now so widely scattered. Even during the war it may warm some man's heart, perhaps in camp and in peril. The letter is a mixture of religion and forestry and to those who do not know Chang might seem incongruous. But everything from Chang is genuine.

He married the daughter of a Chinese pastor in New York City, whose wife is an American woman. This daughter is herself an admirable helper for Chang and letters from Changsha speak of the fine influence of them both at Yali. Chang is developing much leadership among the Chinese and is peculiarly strong with his students.

Yours in Yale,
Amos P. Wilder, Secretary and Treasurer.

Kuling, China,
August 8, 1918.

As the coming September marks my fourth year at Changsha, I want to write to you in a personal letter as to how happy have I been working at Yali. The high ideals of Yali, the pleasant association of my colleagues and the strategic location make the work at Changsha a happy, lofty and fruitful one.

Of course I have made a lot of mistakes especially in the beginning but the tolerance of my co-workers made me soon feel at home. At first I was enthusiastic in giving a Christian education, which I received at New Haven, to the students at Yali. Soon I grew dissatisfied. Then I strived to get into close contact with students and know them. Even at this I soon felt not enough. Since last summer I have found something more. Unless my work brings fruits and propagates life, I will not feel content.

There is no doubt that forestry is one of the greatest needs in China today. The Great Tientsin Flood of last year brought home to the people of China the lesson of forestry. But only a month ago, the great forests of Manchuria, the only forest resources that China possesses, were given away for a song. The only hope of China today is Jesus Christ who alone is able to save China from her own unscrupulous men in power and from her grappling neighbor. The more educated are the men in power, the greater is their need for Christ. So I am trying to teach forestry and other subjects religiously, i.e. in the Christian spirit of ministering unto others.

During these three years I have had a number of projects of doing some practical forestry work and forestry education. The internal strife and the constant change of the government brought all these projects to naught. Perhaps God has saved me from all these immature plans and is preparing me for a bigger and more fruitful work. Whatever the future may prove, let this be my present belief.

To give a Christian education to the young men of China, I believe, is not enough. To know the students one by one is only a means not the end. Therefore I am sure that we all feel out here that unless we bring Jesus Christ to our students and our students to Jesus Christ, our work at Yali fails in its most important phase.

I started this letter three days ago. In the meanwhile God has blessed us with the most wonderful gift. A baby boy arrived on August 6. We have named him Irving after one of his uncles, a captain of U.S. Engineers, who has been fighting for his country and democracy "somewhere" in France since last August. We shall prayfully bring up this boy of ours that when he becomes a man, he may like his uncle, at the call of duty, give up his life, if necessary, for God, country and Yale.

Both mother and baby are doing well. With kindest regards from us all,

Sincerely yours, F. L. Chang.

2

THE YALE DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1918.

"The Oldest College Daily,"  
Founded January 28, 1878.

Entered as second-class matter at New Haven
Post Office. Act of 1879

EDITORS.

D. J. Renkert, '20 S. E. V. Hale, '21
A. M. Scaife, '20 S. M. Jenckes, '21
L. C. Sheridan, '20 S. J. P. O'Brien, '21

EDITORS IN SERVICE.

L. C. Benis, '19 S. C. S. Heminway, '20
G. G. Depew, '19 F. T. Hobson, '20
A. W. Hawkins, '19 H. R. Luce, '20
F. H. Knight, Jr., '19 P. J. Prentice, '20
C. A. Lynch, '19 S. A. Sheldon, '20
E. M. McKee, '19 C. D. Trowbridge, '20
M. Peierolas, '19 W. D. Whitney, '20
C. M. Walker, Jr., '19 S. R. E. Blum, '21
J. N. Whipple, '19 J. W. Dwight, '21
B. Hadden, '19 W. C. Fleming, '21
W. D. Litt, '21

Lieut. A. A. McCormick Jr., '19, killed in
action, September 24, 1918.

In order to insure publication, all advertising
copy must be in The News Office at 9:30
a. m. on day preceding publication.

In order to insure publication, all reading matter, notices, etc., must be in THE NEWS Office not later than 6 p. m. on day preceding publication.

THE NEWS requests that all reading matter
be sent to the Office as far in advance as pos-
sible.

Issued Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday,
throughout the college year.

Subscriptions, $4.50 per year; $4.00 if paid
before December 1. Single copies, four cents,
may be obtained at the Office.

Address Lewis C. Sheridan,
Business Manager,
YALE DAILY News Office,
Fayerweather Hall.

News Editor for this issue. J. P. O'Brien

One hundred issues per college year.

Thursday, October 17, 1918.

S. A. T. C. Chemistry Courses
To Meet Great War Demand.

(Continued from first page.)

for the last four terms of training in
research, will be men who have dis-
played exceptional ability.

The War Department recommends
that the subject matter in all Chemistry
courses be revised so that special atten-
tion be paid to those portions of the
subject having direct bearing upon some
phase of the war.

The War Department assumes that
students may enter the courses at the
beginning or the middle of the college
year, and arrangements to repeat courses
every six months must be made. The
Department further assumes that at the
end of every term a report on the work
of all students will be made by the
President of the institution and the
military commandant. On the basis of
these reports, those students whose work
is unsatisfactory will be withdrawn from
the courses and given other assignments.

The courses have been arranged so
that all students will be under strict
military discipline, and that 42 hours of
work the first four terms, and 45 hours
of work per week during the second
four terms will be available for study
and instruction.

Gymnasium Notices.

All clothing left in the lockers dur-
ing the summer will be held in storage
until Saturday, October 19, when it will
be disposed of by the Gymnasium
authorities.

All men must secure their Gym. lockers at the cashier's office. Lockers are $1 apiece. No man will be allowed to use main floor until he has secured his locker and a gym.

Physical examinations will begin on
Monday, October 21, and a prescription
book will be given to every man who
uses the main floor. Make appoint-
ments at office.

Old Hampshire Bond
The Stationery of a Gentleman

Merely selecting it for your per-
sonal stationery is a tribute to
your correspondence — and to
yourself. A sample packet will
be mailed upon request.

Hampshire Paper Company

South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts

Whitlock's Sells Hampshire Paper

SAYS
TO-DAY

EVERYTHING that the
S. A. T. C.

or
Y. N. T. U.
MAN REQUIRES

The only difference here
is—popular prices only.

BROADWAY FOR YORK ST.
OPEN EVENINGS.

WE CORDIALLY INVITE
OUR OLD FRIENDS TO
COME IN AND RENEW
ACQUAINTANCES AND
EXTEND A HEARTY
WELCOME TO ALL NEW
MEN TO VISIT OUR
STUDIO.

The
Roger Sherman
Studio

1052 Chapel Street

Look at this one. A cork-
ing piece of genuine
French Briar, sterling
ring, vulcanite hit, the
smoothest workmanship
—a shape that makes
it mighty convenient to
have in your room.

YOU will see W D C
Pipes on every campus
in the country—American
pipes for American men,
and not bettered anywhere.
You can get any shape, size and
grade you want in a W D C.
The best shops carry them at $6
down to 75 cents.

WM. DEMUTH & CO., New York

World's Largest Pipe Manufacturer

STUDENTS' FURNITURE

On hand: slightly used desks, chairs
chiffoniers, lamps, etc., reasonable.

S. STEIN

57 Broadway

Near Broadway Bank

Porter's House of Quality

112 AND 114 COLLEGE STREET

Officers' Mess

Faculty Table

Enlisted Men

6th Successive Year

THE C. S. LONGLEY CO.

243 ELM STREET

154 GROVE STREET

CLEAN LUNCH ROOMS

ANNOUNCEMENT

ALEXANDER'S ARMY AND NAVY SHOP

160 Crown Street
Makers of Army and Navy Uniforms and Equipment

Have opened a Branch Store at
245 ELM STREET
3 doors above the Gym.

Any orders given to the Rosey boys will be immediately
attended to.

Open evenings.

ALEXANDER'S

Telephones:

Elm St. Store—Liberty 6327

Crown St. Store—Liberty 6324-2

3

DELUXE
MILITARY STOCKS

Smooth and Even Patented
Back Crossing

CLUETT, PEABODY & CO., Inc., Troy, N.Y.

Work of Yale in China
Described by Dr. A. P. Wilder.

(Continued from first page.)

that was full, the Yale doctors promptly
seized an old powder magazine, and
equipped it as an annex.

Yali is more than a conventional
school; it is a center of activities that
touch all sides of Chinese life. It must
be that at this stirring time, and with
so much ability and skill as the faculty
includes, both American and Chinese,
it could not be other than an influential
factor. These men are the advisers to
the officials and they work in co-opera-
tion for all things that make for an or-
derly and civilized nation. Of course

faculty and students, of whom there are
some three hundred, are keen for the
Allied cause and resist the German and
other intrigue aimed at weakening
China, that she may be of little use dur-
ing the war and an easy prey to ambit-
ious powers seeking trade and supremacy
after the war. Recent pictures show
crowds in the streets of Changsha buy-
ing Red Cross stamps under Yale in-
centive. Placards and exhibits inform
the people as to what this world society
is doing in many countries, and the
American Consul set up a booth in a
public place to receive subscriptions.

The enemies of China are working for
a disorganized and weak nation that
they may profit by its deterioration; but

China is an Ally in this war, and Yali
proves a bracing center for right senti-
ments. Especially has the Yali commun-
ity developed some very able Chinese
among its teachers, notably Dr. Yen,
'09 M.S., the Physician, and Mr. Chang,
'13, the Forestry expert. Some of the
Americans have grown to wide influ-
ence with the Chinese. These forceful
young leaders are consulted by their fel-
lows in the largest affairs, even in Pek-
ing.

The School and College continue to
do their work, indeed the closing of
Government schools, due to the disor-
ders, make Yali the only institution of
standing in the province of 22,000,000
people in a position to receive students.

(Continued on fourth page.)

20
Cents

Reprinted from
The American Journal of Nursing

THE WAR IN CHINA

BY NINA D. GAGE, R.N.

*Head of the Yale-in-China Nurses' Training School, Changsha, China*

The Hunan-Yale Hospital, Changsha, China, felt itself a part of the world war when in November, 1917, it had to expand from 130 beds to 600, to care for wounded soldiers. Trouble had occurred between the Northern and Southern forces, with a strong suspicion that it was fomented by the Germans to keep Chinese troops occupied at home and prevent their helping the Allies. During October, Northern troops poured into Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, thinking to reduce it to submission, but they were driven out during

Caring for Refugees at Yale Mission.

November with heavy losses. Shooting was so violent in the streets that no one dared venture out. Foreigners in town, unless they had important business, took refuge on an island in the river. The river front was strewn with dead. Men nurses went out in squads, with the doctors and coolie stretcher bearers, and brought in the wounded. Women nurses did the extra sterilizing and preparation of dressings necessitated by the sudden influx of patients. Before long every available inch of space had been utilized, and still the grim procession kept up, so a house across the street had to be rented and hastily adapted to hospital uses. Fortunately, Chinese houses, all on one floor, with easily moved partitions, adapt easily. Chinese patients prefer boards to soft beds, and the Red Cross furnished comfortables which are used by the Chinese instead of blankets.

Patient on an Improvised Bed in the Old Hospital.

There is a well developed Red Cross organization in Changsha, a branch of the national Red Cross, and it has operated a hospital since the revolution of 1911. Since 1913, our nurses have done the nursing in that hospital. The people of the town support the hospital by subscription, by organizing benefit entertainments at the theatres, and by Red Cross drives, quite in the approved American style.

The land in China is as highly cultivated as that in Belgium, and soldiers' clothing is as badly infected. Not as much tetanus is seen, so it is not necessary to give antitoxin as a routine treatment, but the gas bacillus of Dr. Welch is not infrequent. Dakin's solution has also saved many amputations here, as in Europe.

As no medical or surgical supplies can be bought nearer than Shanghai, a five days' trip away, the sudden expansion of the hospital to five times its normal capacity necessitated some rapid telegraphing. We try always to have six months' supplies in stock, as in China one never knows what will happen next, and these tided us over, though stricter economy than hitherto we had thought possible, became the order of the day.

To keep peace within the hospital walls, Northern and Southern soldiers must be kept in separate wards, and must not be allowed to meet when convalescent. As soon as they are able to leave, the Northern soldiers have to be escorted by the foreign doctor to a foreign steamer, because only a foreigner's presence can keep them from molestation by their foes, now in control of the city. Once on a foreign steamer, the Northerners can be conveyed safely to join their comrades in Hankow, unless the steamer is hit when it goes between the lines which have been drawn up along the Yangtse River. All steamers are covered with sandbags, and some have armor plate; all are escorted by foreign gunboats, British, American, or Japanese. Several have been hit by shells.

The province to the south has been laid waste by the Northern troops; houses and crops not destroyed by shells have been burned, and another No-man's Land created. Now a new disease has broken out through the devastated area, said to resemble plague, which is again active in Mongolia. Our hospital pathologist, Dr. Shen, trained at Harvard Medical School, has gone to investigate, and see what preventive measures will be most effective. As the city is still under martial law it will be necessary to win over the military authorities to put in force any of the regulations deemed necessary, but we hope they will help to protect the city.

Wilder: Yale's Medical Activities in Changsha.

Chinese call it, has developed beyond all expectations. Hunan Province has 22,000,000 people, and while the foreigner was an object of aversion, to put it mildly, before the Boxer year (1900), the

An old powder magazine converted into an emergency hospital at the Yale Medical Mission, Changsha, China.

Yale doctors made themselves so useful that the Chinese saw an opportunity and for once native conservatism was overcome.

The gentry and litterati made overtures for a

2

medical school, which is now in operation under the joint supervision of Chinese and Yale teachers with sixty pupils. A nurses' training school has been developed under Miss Nina D. Gage, who served during the past summer at the Vassar School; and the hospital, a $200,000 building, the gift of a member of the Harkness family, has proved very useful during the recent revolutionary troubles, which largely centred in Hunan. The China Medical Board makes a liberal grant to the

A street scene in Changsha, China, showing the "office" of a native doctor who for a cent and a half will put on a plaster while you wait warranted to "cure major and minor infirmities."

medical activities for a period of years; and the provincial government does the same and—which does not always follow in that country of shifting administrations—has actually paid the money for a period of years. While the preparatory school and college are staffed exclusively by men with Yale degrees, among the seven doctors are men of other training; and the hopes of expansion after the war are so great that cooperation from a number of quarters is proposed. The medical students at

3

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1919.

Printed for the first time as to the *Alumni Weekly*. It is by Mr. Clarence H. Valedictorian of the Class which Mr. Taft was second p. Mr. Kelsey says that not only promotes learn-ཉིས "but is a factor in early, loyal and progressive work well known that Yale is a top college among the Chines due to the fact that Yale is first of the Chinese to America beginning with a grad- And now with this School of 250 pupils and the Medith 65 young men studying and a Nursing School of under American women Johns Hopkins, Yale's presi- in the Flowery Kingdom. ing to get the details of this list before the 8,000 graduates of *Alumni Weekly*. They will be by the fact that the per- fecters are all men of two de- in expert. Among the doc-

The Architecture

A great deal of study was made of the Chinese architectural style for the Yung, a Chinese teaching staff style was made only after the Chinese adapted it, as the natives call them, the objections to it raised by Miaos, etc., scholars institution. The attempts of Chinese language and literature to not prove this false have been in vain. The Chinese style had not suffered any change since it was first introduced in China, and an attempt to preserve it in the upper cities of China—and an attempt to adapt it to the needs of the West. Chinese architects have been able to build such details as the untapered columns, which contribute so much to the beauty of the buildings. The luxuriant weavings of Chinese temples are designed to please the Chinese justifiable in the Yale building industry. The idea of their own country. The idea of building in the West is good thing to export great Chinese to America for education. The Chinese are regarded with favor; the Chinese that is possible, in the most modern ideas in plash talk are able to build their own architectural heritage. The Chinese have a Ya-li an opportunity to serve useful not only on the mediaeval, but in providing counsel for Chinese in all ways. Chinese focus of the fighting, being the capital, and Hunan with its

Yale-in-China Has a Co-op.—Leavens, 1909, Distributing Supplies.

Bringing in Refugees—Note Yale Native Nurses.

22,000,000 people, has ever been an Ireland of contention. It is interesting to see how these Yale folk have won the confidence of the Chinese. The Hospital and the Medical School are under joint auspices of the two nations, ten Chinese litterati sitting with Yale men about a table to manage their affairs. A number of the staff has had a part in the war. Mr. Gage is in France supervising Chinese laborers; Dr. Branch is in Army Medical Service; Miss Carter, one of the nurses, is in Siberia. The building of a Laboratory of Biology, Chemistry and Physics is one of the present concerns. There is difficulty in securing needed teachers and Yale men who would consider a permanent career in China or graduates of '19, Academic and Sheff., who would like post-graduate year or two at Changsha as teachers and elder brothers to the students may confer with Secretary Wilder or with Professors Williams, Breckenridge, Williston Walker, Dean Blumer or others of the Trustees.

Finals in Wrestling Meets

Will Be Held Monday at 7.

(Continued from third page.)

in the 129-pound class, wrestled to a draw, and in the second extra period Berry got a fall.

The finals for the University and Freshman championships will be held Monday on the main floor of the Gymnasium at 7. The finals were previously announced for to-night at 7, but due to the conflict with the Columbia basketball game, they have been postponed until Monday.

All men who are signed up for wrestling must report to Dr. Anderson at the Gymnasium for a physical examination.

Four Trial Crews Out on Harbor.

Four trial crews went out on the harbor yesterday for the first time this year. There was little ice to hinder the work. As the launch had not been put in the water, Coach Abbott went out as Coxswain, and took each crew up the river. The work will continue as long as the mild weather continues.

THE YALE DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1919.

The Red Cross Crusade at Changsha Was Led by Yale Men and Women

## LANGDALE
Makes the Suit That Suits
Former Yale Men Have Found
Him Best
LANGDALE . . . 302 ELM ST.

### Seniors May Have Chance
To Visit Yale-in-China.

(Continued from first page)

a dozen Chinese teachers, and others of the staff. To carry an enterprise of this sort it must have the confidence of the whole Yale constituency. They must believe that it is not only a good thing for the Chinese masses but that to do the work means benefits to the New Haven Yale.

Of late, happily, the hope of the management to see Yale more broadly interested is being realized. The Secretary, Mr. Wilder, spoke to the Meriden alumni Friday night, showing lantern slides and the Association of that city increased its gift to the work, showing that "Ya-li" is being considered as something in which Yale as a whole may take pride. Conditions have favored this widening place of the college in the thoughts of Yale. China's entrance into the war was traced to pro-American sentiment due largely to foreign centers of which Changsha was one. It is a Provencial capital of a quarter of a million of people. It is not strange that the Yale teachers and doctors are influential among the Chinese, including high officials. These men have lived many years in China; they speak the language; they know more about China's problems than they do of their own. The Chinese are quick to see that these foreigners whose children play with their own are able men and they heed what these Yale Americans advise, not merely on education and health issues but American ideas and ideals and lodgment in their minds.

The Annual Report of Yale-in-China

is this year printed for the first time as a supplement to the *Alumni Weekly*. The foreword is by Mr. Clarence H. Kelsey, the Valedictorian of the Class of 1878, of which Mr. Taft was second in scholarship. Mr. Kelsey says that Yale-in-China not only promotes learning and righteousness "but is a factor in a more orderly, loyal and progressive China." It is well known that Yale is the best known college among the Chinese. This is due to the fact that Yale educated the first of the Chinese to come to America beginning with a graduate of '54. And now with this School and College of 250 pupils and the Medical School with 65 young men studying to be doctors and a Nursing School of fifty pupils under American women trained at Johns Hopkins, Yale's prestige is high in the Flowery Kingdom. It is a big thing to get the details of this annual report before the 8,000 graduates who read the *Alumni Weekly*. They will be impressed by the fact that the permanent teachers are all men of two degrees, each an expert. Among the doctors are four foreign-trained Chinese men and Dr. So, a woman physician educated by Americans in Canton. There is also a Chinese teaching staff of ten "sages," as the natives call them, —Wangs, Chows, Miaos, etc., scholars trained in Chinese language and literature; and these see to it that every Ya-li student has attainments in his own tongue to enable him to keep the respect of his people. It is a curious fact bemoaned by the missionaries and others interested in promoting Western ideas in China, that not a few Chinese trained in American institutions return to their own country fully equipped to write books and conduct propaganda in many useful lines but without the needed facility in writing Chinese to enable them to tell what they know. Yale-in-China is designed to give a Western education to select Chinese youth in their own country. The idea that it is a good thing to export great numbers of Chinese to America for education is not regarded with favor; the privilege should be reserved to select men of sturdy character who come to America with denite aims. The recent revolution gave Ya-li an opportunity to make itself useful not only on the medical side but in providing counsel for thoughtful Chinese in all ways. Changsha was a focus of the fighting, being a Provencial capital, and Hunan with its

### Finals in Wrestling Meets

Will Be Held Monday at 7.

(Continued from third page.)

The finals for the University and Freshman championships will be held Monday on the main floor of the gymnasium at 7. The finals were previously announced for to-night at 7, but due to the conflict with the Columbia basketball game, they have been postponed until Monday.

### Four Trial Crews Out on Harport.

Four trial crews went out on the harbor yesterday for the first time this year. There was little ice to hinder the work. As the launch had not been put in the water, Coach Abbott went out asoxswain, and took each crew up the river. The work will continue as long as the mild weather continues.

## WHEAT CAKES AND GOOD MAPLE SYRUP

If you want to get in in this treat drop in at the CHATEAU CAFETERIA, 109 COLLEGE STREET, below Students' Dining Room,

### TO-DAY

Between 7:15 A.M. and 10 P.M. Anything from One Egg to a Semon Merangue Pie served to you in Quick Time. SPECIALTY IN

### FANCY PASTRIES

OPEN ALL DAY, FROM 7:15 A. M. TO 10 P. M.

SUNDAYS, 7 A.M. TO 10 P.M. Drop in and Look Around.

8

YALE IN CHINA

larger sum is being used in the erection of a hospital. No other university has ever secured contributions of anything like the same importance in men and money for such a purpose. It is not anticipated, of course, that gifts from the friends of a single institution can be expanded indefinitely to meet increasing needs. But in this respect the Chinese may be trusted to do their share, and their response to the opportunity has been perhaps one of the most notable results thus far of the Society's policy. Leaving the general educational work to its faculty, they have agreed to support a medical school and erect the necessary buildings to be operated by the staff of the Yale hospital, the management to rest with a Board composed of Chinese and Americans in equal numbers. As the gentry class in China has heretofore held aloof from missionary activities, this entirely unprecedented fusion of native and foreigner in Hunan made a profound impression upon the China Medical Board when investigating the medical undertakings of missionaries in China.

The outcome of the visit of this Board to Changsha is sufficiently declared in the accompanying articles. It has made it possible for the Society to set up a first-rate medical school and provide the region of Central China with facilities for instructing its youth in the science which appeals most urgently to their sense of national need. But if their medical training is to be no makeshift process the secondary and college instruction must be vitally important to such a school. Graduates of the provincial schools are as yet entirely unprepared for medical studies, and some years must elapse before there are many students who are capable of conforming to a high standard of professional instruction. Ya-li already has facilities for giving the required drill in English, and proposes forthwith to offer such introductory courses in science as are essential, so there need be no duplication in pre-medical training. The immediate requirement for this preparatory work is a laboratory for chemistry and biology, which might

be erected this coming year while the hospital is being completed and its newly appointed physicians are engaged in language study. While the financial aid thus recently offered opens a splendid opportunity for Yale to provide a technical instruction that appeals most immediately to Chinese desires, it does not lessen the burden of supporting the college that has made this expansion of usefulness possible. It is a great undertaking—one that has already increased the prestige of Yale in Asia—but one that has proved its validity and is not beyond the means of an alumni body that are accustomed to respond to claims upon their generosity.

FREDERICK W. WILLIAMS, '79

## The Chinese Minister to the United States on Yale in China

In my estimation the Yale-li College at Changsha, Hunan, is one of the best institutions of learning in China. It has contributed no small share in the modernization of Hunan, which used to be considered a conservative province by foreigners, but which is now recognized as one of the most progressive of all the provinces in the country.

The powerful gentry and enlightened officials of Hunan have not been slow in showing their appreciation of what the Ya-li College has done for the general education of the people. In 1913, when a large amount of money was secured in the United States for the erection of a new Yale hospital at Changsha, they immediately made it an occasion to demonstrate their appreciation by entering into an agreement with the Ya-li Medical College, by which a medical school was jointly established. It is deserving of heartiest support, moral as well as financial, from all the good people who believe in the uplifting of mankind by means of education.—DR. V. K. WELLINGTON KOO (Chinese Minister to U. S. A.).

DR. YEN TRANSLATING GOVERNOR TANG'S ADDRESS AT HUNAN-YALE HOSPITAL CORNER-STONE LAYING

YALE IN CHINA

7

CHINESE FOOTBALL UNDER YALE AUSPICES

China, as one feels it there, and thrills to her tradition and spirit and future! The glory of Yale in China, the one thing more than anything else that assures her a future worthy of the name "Yale" is truly the spirit of old Yale in New Yale—a spirit that is at its truest and best in Gage and Hume and Hail and the other men out there. We younger men sometimes get a bit weary of talk about Yale spirit. Is not that because we call it a thing of emotion and not a way of life?

The men of the Yale Mission see the vision and are building for that future time. They must make the foundations strong and broad now, worthy of a great monument to Yale and to America. These beginnings are the time of greatest need. Don't you want to have a share in the work?

FREDERICK L. GATES, '09

## IV

### What Ya-li Stands For

An enterprise like the College of Yale in China is kept alive by its appeal to the highest ideals; it has to contend against only one serious obstacle, that is ignorance. As we grow best by cherishing our ideals, the ALUMNI WEEKLY is willing to devote considerable space to accounts of what Yale is doing in China, so that ignorance may not prevail. It hopes to raise the sense of duty to a higher plane than caring for our own affairs alone, and help us to realize the inspiration which comes from an effort of pure altruism. In attempting this it wants every Yale man to know what is involved in maintaining an educational endeavor in China and what has already been done to give that endeavor very encouraging prospects of permanence and success.

A prejudice against the word "Mission" has condemned this enterprise in the minds of some who entertain grotesque ideas of what a mission in a non-Christian country meant. The college which goes by the name of Ya-li in Changsha is no more and no less a missionary college than Yale in New Haven. Both alike try to train students in accordance with Christian conceptions of honor and righteousness. Much might be said of the type of men to whom the career of a missionary appeals. In no other way could Yale have secured the service of graduates of such character and enduring zeal as have already gone out as teachers. They are the sort of men of whom Yale has at all times reason to be most proud, whose reward is never money, seldom even fame, but an

opportunity to become an influence for good to the greatest number.

Of course the objection has occurred to many reasonable alumni that the Chinese, being a people of ancient culture, should not need to be taught a new learning at our expense. But the necessity for leadership in imparting a knowledge of "Western" things is recognized by the Chinese themselves. They see, what every student of Eastern affairs understands, the danger of a mighty mass of people taught by interested persons or tempted by selfish and political schemers to accept some makeshift for education. The aim of Yale in China is to emphasize sound scholarship and show how inevitably character is involved in training a man to real usefulness. In a great province where no effective preliminary school work had been begun it is necessary to commence with young boys and elementary studies; but these can ultimately all be instructed in private and provincial schools while Ya-li builds up the type of university which we believe in at home. When leaders of the people have been raised under the inspiring and moral influences of such an institution they will find professors of their own to carry it on, and the work of Yale will devolve upon a thoroughly Chinese Ya-li. There is no desire here to subject the Chinese to an imported American control of education. Their sense of their own needs in this matter has already led them to employ great numbers of Europeans and Americans, as well as Japanese, to help them install a school system. The scale of the effort is so vast, and China's lack of coordination after centuries of misrule so complete, that she has been unable to effect—as Japan did in forty years—a comprehensive State scheme. The results of trying to apply different types and different nationalities to her needs have been generally unsatisfactory and sometimes distressing. Yale's voluntary contribution to the problem is a noble one: it offers a model set up in the capital of a province noted for its enlightenment; it mans the college with a faculty as rigorously selected as her own; it does this prompted by the same motives as those which induced the American Government to surrender sixteen millions of indemnity money for educating Chinese here, and the Rockefeller Foundation to finance great hospitals for medical research in Peking and Shanghai. The result already attained is a homogeneous group of Americans, all imbued with the spirit that pervades their old college and intent upon imparting the same spirit to the youth of China.

This specific contribution by a great university to the welfare of a friendly nation is now in its tenth year of operation at a cost (last year) of nearly $27,000 subscribed by Yale men. About $100,000 have been spent on land and buildings, and a

a Provincia

YALE IN CHINA

6

Dr. Hume; Dr. Simon Flexner; Gov's Aide; Dr. Gates; Dr. Buttrick; Gen. Chew; Gov. Tang; ex-Consul General Greene; Dr. Welch; Dr. Yen; Consul Johnson

But the surroundings were nothing to the words and spirit of these leaders of Chinese thought and action in Hunan. The great motto at the end of the room read "Your Philanthropy is a model to the world. The Republic grips your hand in welcome." In the speeches that followed the dinner we were astonished at the grasp which these men had of the benefits which western civilization had to offer to their city. They knew of the work of modern hygiene at Panama, in Servia, and in the combating of hook-worm disease in our own Southern states. They were keenly alive to the necessity of introducing public health and social service work in their own city. Their civic consciousness was thoroughly aroused, and their eager interest in the work of the China Medical Board and the Yale Mission was a challenge to all of us, as well as an invitation. Their vision of the future goes far beyond present hopes and accomplishments. They look beyond the needs of Changsha and Hunan to the future of all China, and have ambitions for her that were expressed in earnest words. "It is our intention to lead the Chinese to meet the requirements of a twentieth century nation." "I hope that from the center of western medicine that will be established here, students may go out to spread the western learning throughout the rest of China." We felt that in intelligent appreciation of what China needs, in vision, in responsiveness to the call, and in zeal and eagerness to lead in the new movement for China's great future, these men of Changsha lead all their countrymen. Dr. Buttrick told them that the evening was a mountain-peak in our experience in China.

And this dinner was not so much a tribute to our Commission and the China Medical Board, as to Dr. Hume and the other members of the Yale Mission, and the great work that Yale is building up.

The personal interest and support of the Military Governor, the highest official in the province, was shown the next day when Dr. Welch laid the corner-stone of the Hospital. The Governor had not been able to attend the banquet, but we had luncheon with him the following day, and true to his promise he went out to the ceremonies on the new campus that afternoon. All the way out the streets were cleared and lined by his guards. He may have been in peril of his life, for the strength of his authority has created enemies, and he leaves his yamen but a few times in the year. The unique relationship between the Yale Mission and the influential Chinese is due in large measure to the sterling character and the enterprise and devotion of the Yale men at Changsha. We have sent Yale's very best out there, and the Chinese admire and love them as we do ourselves. The

Hunanese themselves are a virile people, eager now for western knowledge and progress and civic betterment. With it is the same intense provincial loyalty that kept out the Taipings, has made Hunan a hot bed of revolt and reaction in the past and has gained for the Hunanese the appellation of the "Tigers of China." What a wonderful opportunity the Yale men have there, and what a wonderful fortune for the Chinese to have such leadership.

Now the essence of the co-operative relationship between the Yale Mission and the Chinese, the factor that makes the situation unique in China, is that Ya-li is treating with a whole city and a province officially, instead of with scattered individuals without united influence. In other places the missions have come in contact mainly with scattered individuals, and have only a tenuous and uncertain relation to governments and the body politic. The Yale men are advisers to a city, and are working hand in hand with government for the betterment of civic conditions. Changsha has adopted Ya-li for its own, and Ya-li has accepted whole-heartedly the claim on its devoted service.

How does this vital partnership of a Mission and a city show itself? First, in the intimate personal friendships, with mutual admiration and confidence between the members of the Yale Mission and the officials and influential gentry of the city. That is the only possible basis for effective coöoperation. Second, in the connection of the Yale men with the police administration of the city under the able direction of the commissioner, Mr. Chang Shuh Huang. The important steps in improving the health conditions in Changsha, which the commissioner told us about so proudly, have resulted from joint endeavor. Thirdly, in the formation of the Social Service League, a splendid organization of about a hundred women of the best families in Changsha, under the leadership of Mrs. Hume and Mrs. Yen, which is eagerly active in social service, establishing milk stations, supporting anti-tuberculosis work, distributing health literature, and, best of all, perhaps, teaching the women themselves the place they ought to have in work for the public good.

Last May the Social Service League, the Y. M. C. A., and the Police Department, held a six-day health exhibit with Dr. Peters' material from Shanghai, and four lectures a day could not accommodate all who came. Thirty thousand attended, and gave four thousand dollars towards a tuberculosis sanitarium. Could we do so well in America?

But I have left the most important relationship until the last. The Hunan-Yale Association for the establishment and maintenance of the Hunan-Yale College of Medicine, can hardly be over-estimated in importance and promise. The Hunanese are vitally interested in the school. They are supporting it loyally, not as a courtesy or a tribute to Ya-li, but eagerly, intensely, for the sake of their sons, and Hunan, and China. We dare not refuse the challenge to do our part. "We have been behind in the development of science, and we must begin at the bottom and try to catch up in the next few decades with the most advanced nations. We are glad if we can avail ourselves of the help of our brothers across the sea. There must be developed a hearty coöoperation. If your science comes to us as a charity it may pauperize us, and hinder our progress, and yet without you we have neither the men nor the compelling force to do the work. Here in Changsha we are trying a plan that will give us the benefits of your help, and yet be a spur to us also." This is an unique opportunity. Do you wonder that the hearts of the Yale men are in their work?

My topic is the relations of Ya-li to the Chinese, and I've tried to stick to my subject. But I can't stop with a mere handful of facts and opinions. That would be to fail miserably in what I long to impart. I crave for you the same sort of enthusiasm and admiration for Yale in China that you have for Yale here. If I could only make you *feel* Yale in

China, spirit and more than a spirit, a spirit Hail and a time for that and for better and for better Don't you

An excellent book by its only author, by choice in China to raise the question whether it is already prospected by a foreign Christian in China.

YALE IN CHINA

5

Seated: Hail, '06 M.A.; Hume, '97; Gage, '98; Yen, '09 M.
Standing: Smith, '14 S.; Scotten, '14; Dr. Reed (Pomona); Harvey, '07; Platt, '14; Frary, '14

field of medicine, as may be illustrated by the control over pestilential diseases gained through the application of the new knowledge concerning the origin, nature and mode of spread of infectious diseases.

We are far short of the goal, but much has been gained. America has given one of the greatest gifts in the boon of anesthesia. We who realize what it would mean for China to have this new knowledge introduced and applied feel that there is no opportunity for doing good comparable to this of coming here to promote the spread of this knowledge. Dr. Hume and Dr. Yen have felt the call and are doing what they can. But they lack men and equipment. If we can do anything to promote their work we feel that it would be a great opportunity for you and a great privilege for us.

Speaking to you as young men, I would like to emphasize two or three things. First, you should all know something of the structure and functions of the human body, and how the more important diseases are spread, especially tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid, dysentery, schistosomiasis, etc. Then it is important for you to know that you can strengthen your powers of resistance to the invisible causes of disease by proper care of your health, so that the germs may fall on stony ground. Especially you should realize the value of fresh air, of living and sleeping in the open.

I have spoken of the spirit and methods of modern science. It has also an important influence on character. It inculcates a love of truth, of accuracy and precision. The time will come when the spirit of scientific inquiry will arise among you. Your scientific man will have a love and a joy in the search for truth. Lessing said that joy comes in the search for truth, not in the acquiring of it. I believe that high ideals of character are imparted by the true knowledge and spirit of science.

The other great fruit of the scientific spirit is the zeal for service. The true scientist has a love for truth and a desire to know about things for themselves, but he always rejoices when his knowledge finds useful application for the benefit of mankind. Who could have foreseen any relationship between the discovery of the aniline dyes in the fifties, and the application a quarter of a century later of these dyes for the demonstration of the tubercle bacillus and the resulting cru-

sades against tuberculosis? Yet that is a striking example of the way in which new knowledge does find application. And such possibilities of usefulness engender in the man of science the desire to be of service to mankind.

Character, the spirit of truth, and the spirit of service are the Christian virtues engendered by science. There is no real difference between the scientific spirit and the Christian spirit. For the spirit of Christianity has as its foundation the upbuilding of character, the spirit of truth, and the desire to be of service.

I congratulate you all on your opportunities here and wish you all success. I hope some of you may have stirred in you the spirit of science which we are trying to introduce into China.

### III

#### Winning the Confidence of the Chinese

The Commission of the China Medical Board had but two days to spend in Changsha, but in that time we saw and heard and felt enough to thrill and deeply impress us with the great meaning and hope of the work of the Yale Mission. Dr. Welch and I went up a day earlier than the others to get a taste of Yale, and had a climb and a picnic, and a glorious view from the top of one of the hills overlooking the city, and Dr. Welch addressed the students of Ya-li at the Sunday morning chapel service.

The real significance of the unique relationship which the Chinese of Changsha and Hunan have developed with the Yale Mission, began to be apparent to us at a banquet given on Sunday evening by forty-eight of the officials and leading gentry, to welcome our Commission to Changsha. Held in the Tseng Gardens, the ancestral home of that famous line which included General Tseng Quo Fan, guardian of the city, and conqueror of the Taipings, the dinner, with its distinguished company, its enchanting surroundings, its decorations of Chinese and American flags, and the big gilt mottoes on red silk that hung from ceiling to floor, gave us an inspiring sense of the earnestness and reality of the eager vital interest that the Chinese are taking in this work for China's good.

NN.,

CH
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The Annual Report of Yale-in-China a Provençia