# Bugging bugs Henry K.

By GREG O'BRIEN

Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger said yesterday it was wrong for a president to tape conversations without the knowledge of participants.

Kissinger, released for the weekend from a series of tests at Massachusetts General Hospital, said tapes create a "false impression" of life in the Oval Office and could cause statements to be taken "out of context."

Noting that conversations with a president are often less than candid, Kissinger said. "You don't go out of your way" to tell a president he doesn't know what he's talking about.

Kissinger paused for a minute, then said, "Well at least most people don't."

Kissinger was responding to reports this week that the late John F. Kennedy taped more than 600 conversations, including a 1963 meeting with Kissinger himself. Kissinger at the time was a foreign affairs adviser.

"I've been racking my brain," he said when asked about the conversation.

Kissinger said it was his understanding some presidents taped to prevent advisers from later denying they had participated in certain conversations and decisions.

"I've read that Nixon taped for the same reason," he said. "In fact I have heard it said by others that Nixon taped in order to prevent me from disassociating myself from some of his decisions. . . . It was (for Nixon) a high price to pay."

Kissinger, who will return to MGH Sunday night for one more day of tests, denied yesterday that he had any heart problems. "I feel fine."

'I feel fine'

— Henry Kissinger

s of the fleet cab companies that the airport. But they are having problems locating all the "gypsy" cab who picked up fares at Logan the Miss Webster disappeared.

George Webster, an executive for who has offered a $10,000 re- said finding the suitcase at the

daughter is alive, he is confident that she did not voluntarily disappear. Other passengers on the flight back to Boston reported that she talked eagarly of returning to her studies, Webster said.

"Absolutely nothing points to her quirkling off and doing something crazy like that," he said.

## Ch. 7's plug; Park in 30 days

### Justice Brennan deniesieve of order to RKO of license

s parent company, General Tire Rubber.

Yesterday, even the FCC seemed ed by Justice Brennan's deci- Usually, a licensee is able to op- era station until the full appeals is played out.

Is far as I know, this has never oned before," said FCC general el Stephen Sharp. "It obviously us in a very awkward positon, se if we don't have the authority dify the original order, Boston se all service on that channel in 7s."

FCC official, who did not wish named, said that RKO could now the FCC to again request more from the Court of Appeals. If the

court denies that petition? "RKO's plug is definitely pulled," said the official.

Kenneth Frankl, RKO General counsel, said in a statement yesterday that the coropration still intends to file with the Supreme Court and will do so by Feb. 17. Frankl said that RKO "assumss that the FCC will car- ry out its general policy and permit RKO to remain on the air on WNAC-TV until the judicial review process is completed." The only way ths FCC can carry out that policy now, how- ever, is go into court itself.

Meanwhile, David Mugar and his New England Television Corp. an- nounced yesterday that it is ready to operate the station beginning mid- night March 6 "given the necessary go-ahead by the FCC and given RKO's willingness to negotiate an in- terim operational agreement" allow- ing NETV use of Channel 7 facilities.

"It's high time," said NETV Corp. president Edward Fredkin, "that RKO stop pocketing the profits from Channel 7 while this case drags on."

almost 100 times what company of- ficials believe they sold it for. The metal is used as wire in aerospace applications where high con- ductivity is necessary. It was owned by the Department of Energy.

Hampton, 25, formerly of Hyde Park, and now living in Omaha, Neb., pleaded guilty Thursday to participating in the theft and sale of the metal along with Waxman, a Roslindale resident, who had plead- ed guilty earlier. Both men were placed on probation, and Hampton was fined $500.

"I don't think they knew what they were taking," said Magnetic Corp. spokesman Richard Oro- hotsky. "I think they just grabbed it and took it to a scrap dealer and sold if for like 73 cents a pound."

## Police seek $25,000 loser

Boston police are attempting to locate the person who lost "in ex- cess of $25,000" in cash.

The money was left in a paper bag by a customer of a Brighton grocery store yesterday, a police spokesman said.

It was turned over to police by store management who made the discovery.

Investigators were reluctant to provide further details, hoping they could be used to identify the person who lost the money.

In the meantime, the cash has been put in a bank safety deposit box.

THE BOSTON GLOBE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1982 19

# Fellow heart patients at Mass. General to miss Kissinger

By Loretta McLaughlin
Globe Staff

HENRY KISSINGER
Leaves today

After making a classic, textbook recovery from open heart surgery, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger was to be discharged from Massachusetts General Hospital today.

His fellow patients on the top floor at the Phillips House, where he has been staying, will miss him. As he has taken short strolls in the hospital corridor during the past week, he has "poked his nose" into the room of fellow heart surgery patients to exchange pleasantries.

He also has sent them the overflow of flowers that have poured in since he arrived two weeks ago for triple-bypass open-heart surgery.

While Kissinger has been deluged with mail and phone calls from around the world, "we have had to limit his visitors so that he could get some rest," according to Dr. Roman DeSanctis, chief of cardiac services at MGH, who has been chief consultant on Kissinger's case.

All visitors have been screened and have had to pass through a security check.

DeSanctis said Kissinger's recovery is typical of bypass patients today with one exception: Unlike some patients who become slightly disoriented, primarily due to sleep deprivation, "Kissinger remembers absolutely everything that has happened from the moment he woke up from anesthesia."

DeSanctis said Kissinger has been a very "cooperative and compliant patient, and a very good-humored one, too."

He has had no complications and already had begun reading reports and business documents for about an hour a day.

The first five postoperative days are rugged for all open-heart patients. "This is major, major surgery," DeSanctis said. "There is almost no other operation as big."

To work on the heart, the breast bone must first be split with a surgical saw and then wired back together.

In Kissinger's case, three areas of the coronary arteries that feed the heart were blocked or narrowed. To restore adequate blood flow and ward off a heart attack, three sections of vein were borrowed from his leg to form detours around the blocked segments.

Following the operation, Kissinger, like all such patients, spent the first night in an intensive care unit until he could be weaned from a respirator that continues to assist breathing after the operation is over.

During these first critical 24 hours, bypass patients also are carefully monitored for any signs of abnormal breathing, heart rhythm disturbances or other complications.

The patients then move to a special cardiac surgical floor and typically experience a feeling of euphoria. "They're a little high just from the relief of coming through such a big operation," DeSanctis said.

"Reality sets in over the next few days as discomfort from the surgery gets a little worse," he said. "They also have a number of tubes that must be removed - chest drains and intravenous lines for antibiotics and for drugs to control the rhythm of the heart and to promote fluid loss."

Patients who have had open-heart surgery tend to retain fluids after the operation and can gain 8 to 15 pounds in excess fluid.

Fever also is invariably present, he noted, not due to infection but as a mechanical side effect of the surgery.

Several times a day, heart-surgery patients must undergo respiratory physiotherapy - various deep breathing maneuvers - to prevent pneumonia.

"Over the first week or so they tend to get discouraged. It is very difficult for them to get any discomfort-free rest for any period of time. They hit the low point about day five and have what is classically known as 'day five blues,'" DeSanctis said. "But then the monitors come off and the IVs come out and they gradually become more active.

"The unusual aspect of the operation is that their heart and blood vessel condition is immediately better. The recovery really amounts to the rest of their body getting over the operation," he said.

Kissinger in 'Excellent' Condition After 4½

By Cristine Russell
Washington Post Staff Writer

Former secretary of state Henry A. Kissinger, 58, was in "excellent condition" yesterday after a 4½-hour heart operation, his Boston surgeons said.

A Massachusetts General Hospital team performed a triple-bypass heart operation on Kissinger to treat diseased arteries that threatened his health. The surgeons said they expected him to make a complete recovery.

The globe-traveling diplomat, who served in the Nixon and Ford administrations, remained heavily sedated late yesterday, and was not expected to be fully awake until this morning.

"We're all very pleased thus far," Dr. W. Gerald Austen, the hospital's chief of surgery and Kissinger's personal physician, said at a news conference. "I think that we all agree that the major risk is over with the surgery being completed. There is still some risk over the next 24 hours, but a very small risk."

Hospital spokesman Martin Bander said by telephone that Kissinger is likely to be hospitalized for about two weeks. Kissinger told reporters beforehand that he expected to restrict his normally busy schedule over at least the next six weeks.

Among the well-wishers calling him before the operation were President Reagan and former president Gerald R. Ford.

Kissinger joins more than 100,000 other Americans who have coronary artery bypass surgery each year, at a

"We're all very pleased thus far," Dr. W. Gerald Austen said. "I think that we all agree that the major risk is over with the surgery being completed. There is still some risk over the next 24 hours, but a very small risk."

cost of about $15,000 each. Massachusetts General is a major center, with 650 such operations annually, Bander said.

The surgery has become an increasingly common operation, as the estimated risk of dying from the surgery has fallen nationwide to less than 2 percent. But within the med-

ical community there has been an ongoing controversy about the long-term benefits in terms of improved survival and whether other medical treatment should be attempted instead of surgery.

Bander said that physicians at the hospital decided the operation was required after tests Monday. The

Kissinger
at MGH
for bypass

Henry Kissinger

By JOSEPH CAREY

A jovial and robust Henry Kissinger told reporters yesterday that he was scheduled for heart surgery early today to relieve obstructions in his coronary arteries.

The former Secretary of State underwent a routine physical and examination of a pain in his right shoulder at Massachusetts General Hospital last week.

"The tests concluded that the shoulder symptoms did not explain the pain, so the tests went in a cardiac

direction," Kissinger said.

"They concluded, one, that I do have a heart; and, two, that it is in need of some repair."

The operation would probably be a triple bypass, said Dr. W. Gerald Austen, MGH's chief of surgery.

Kissinger said he called the news conference because of reports last week which said that he was suffering heart trouble. The Herald American reported on Thursday that the diplomat checked into MGH for treatment by a heart specialist.

"I am now in the embarrassing position to report that you were correct, although not correct at the time," Kissinger said.

A coronary arteriogram test yesterday showed blockage near his heart. One artery is fully blocked and two others may be partially blocked.

"It goes without saying there are some risks to any major operation, certainly a heart operation. Dr. Kissinger and his family know that, and we certainly expect all to go well," Austen said.

How the
surgery
is done

In the past decade, coronary by-pass surgery has become a common surgical procedure for improving the flow of blood to the heart muscle. More than 100,000 such operations are done in the United States each year.

The surgery involves creating a new pathway from a coronary artery — one millimeter in diameter — which feeds the heart. It becomes necessary after a section of the artery becomes blocked, usually by plaque and cholesterol, causing a restriction of the blood flow.

A test called the coronary arteriogram is used to diagnose the blockage. In this procedure, a long thin tube is inserted into the artery, and the aorta. Dye injected into the tube turns opaque under X-ray and pinpoints the location of blockage.

Henry Kissinger's doctors believe that three of his arteries are blocked or partially blocked. In all probability these are his right coronary, left anterior descending and circumflex arteries, the major coronary arteries.

In large medical centers such as MGH and Brigham and Women's Hospital, about 50 to 60 percent of all coronary bypass operations involve three or more arteries, said Dr. Lawrence Cohn, a cardiovascular surgeon at Brigham and Women's.

In the bypass procedure, a section of vein — usually the saphenous vein from the left leg — is removed. About six inches of vein are needed for each bypass; if more bypasses are necessary, the entire vein can be used.

After opening the chest, one end of the vein graft is attached to the aorta, the major vessel to the heart. The other end is attached to the artery beyond the blocked area.

During the procedure, the heart is connected to a heart and lung machine which relieves the work load. After the grafts are in place — usually after about four hours the heart is taken off the machine and warmed. Electric shock is used to get it operating again. Recovery usually takes 10 to 14 days; normal activity can be resumed in about two months.

—JOSEPH CAREY

5

Boston Herald American, Wednesday, February 10, 1982

C4

# Kissinger will have heart surgery today

TRIPLE BYPASS

ED GALLAGHER DAILY NEWS

Surgery is designed to bypass obstructions in coronary arteries and increase blood flow to the heart muscle. Surgeons will decide on number of bypasses needed after surgery begins.

By EDWARD EDELSON
Science Editor

Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger will undergo open-heart surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital today, because of newly discovered obstructions in his coronary arteries.

Dr. W. Gerald Austen, chief of general surgery at the hospital, said that Kissinger will probably have a triple bypass operation. Austen said he anticipated a full recovery for the 58-year-old Kissinger.

"He is in excellent health," Austen said. "His heart muscle is excellent. It goes without saying there are some risks to any major operation, certainly a heart operation. Dr. Kissinger and his family know that and we certainly expect all to go well."

Kissinger, who appeared with Austen before reporters, was relaxed enough to joke about his condition.

"I do have a heart," he said. "It is in need of repair...I have complete confidence. I'll be stronger than ever—the most terrifying news my associates have received."

Kissinger flew to Boston last Wednesday to enter Massachusetts General because of persistent shoulder pains. Reports that he faced heart surgery were denied at first.

HE SAID YESTERDAY that doctors went "in the cardiac direction" after other tests were unable to find the cause of the shoulder pain. The decision to perform a bypass operation was made after an examination on Monday.

The tests showed that the pains were due to reduced blood flow to the heart caused by obstructions in the coronary arteries. The operation today will bypass those obstructions to increase blood flow to the heart muscle.

In the operation, portions of a leg vein are stitched to the aorta, the main heart artery, and then are looped around the obstructed portions of the coronary arteries. As many as four such bypasses may be done, depending on the number of arteries that are blocked.

Austen, who has been Kissinger's doctor for 10 years, said that surgeons will decide on the number of bypasses after surgery begins. Kissinger quipped that he was "holding out for a quadruple—one more than Haig." Secretary of State Haig had a triple bypass operation recently.

MORE THAN 100,000 bypass operations were done in the United States last year, about 1,200 of them at Massachusetts General. At the best centers, the surgical death rate is under 1%. However, the New York Heart Association says that 5% to 10% of patients suffer heart attacks during or just after surgery. An estimated 10% to 15% of the bypasses close within a year after surgery, so additional surgery or other measures are required, the association says.

THE WASHINGTON POST

Wednesday, February 10, 1982

...K

A3

Associated Press

Former secretary of state Henry Kissinger and his wife, Nancy, at Massachusetts General Hospital, where he will have surgery.

# Kissinger to Have Open-Heart Surgery

BOSTON, Feb. 9 (UPI)—Former secretary of state Henry A. Kissinger, appearing relaxed and in good humor, announced today that he will undergo open-heart surgery Wednesday at Massachusetts General Hospital.

The announcement came about a week after Kissinger, 58, flew here from Washington to have a chronic shoulder ailment checked. Kissinger and hospital spokesmen said then that his visit was unrelated to any heart problems.

Dr. Gerald Austen, a longtime family physician and friend who is to perform the operation, said Kissinger probably would undergo triple bypass surgery. He also said Kissinger had arthritis in his shoulder and spine.

Austen, chief of surgery at the hospital, said tests performed Monday indicated that one major artery was blocked and two were narrowed. He cautioned that doctors would not know for sure until they operated.

Speaking quietly to a packed news conference at the hospital, Kissinger said: "I came here last week because of a chronic shoulder ache. Tests were conducted, but the symptoms in the shoulder did not explain the pain."

After that, doctors went in the "cardiac direction" and he had a thorough checkup Monday, which he said was "of minimum enjoyment."

"They came to the conclusion that I do have a heart," he said, pausing for laughter, "that is in need of some repair, and they are going to do a bypass operation tomorrow morning.

"I feel fine. I have no other symptoms in addition to those I have described..."

"They told me I'll be stronger than ever afterward—which is the most terrifying news my associates have received," he joked.

Kissinger, secretary of state in the Ford and Nixon administrations, said he was concerned that he might have misled the media last week by saying he had no heart problems, despite a report to the contrary.

"But the media's usually right," he said.

Asked how many arteries would be bypassed, Kissinger quipped, "I'm holding out for a quadruple—I want one more than Haig"—a reference to Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr., who underwent triple by-pass surgery in 1980.

Washington Whispers.

Henry Kissinger Breaks a "Code" ... 25 Percent
Interest Rates? ... Why Jimmy Carter Was Left Out

Why is Henry Kissinger violating an unofficial code of behavior observed by former secretaries of state—not to publicly criticize successors—and leveling charges that the State Department is "soft" on Russia? Those who know Kissinger suspect he is currying favor with conservative Republicans in hope of succeeding Secretary of State Alexander Haig if the latter were to leave.

President Reagan is considering calling Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker into the Oval Office for a private talk. Subject: Loosening the Fed's tight grip on the money supply to avoid forcing interest rates to record highs in coming months.

Interest rates of 25 percent? One leading Republican senator tells friends he will not be surprised if borrowing costs soon soar that high as the Federal Reserve Board tightens up on availability of money.

Behind Reagan's sudden swing against asking for tax increases: Associates say the President was heavily influenced by discovery that the amount of money Americans are socking into savings recently took a sharp upturn. Some economists contend that increased savings will boost the supply of available funds, thus reducing pressure on interest rates from the huge government deficit.

Yet, pressure on Reagan from inside the White House for tax increases is not abating. Some aides intend to renew their pleas to boost federal revenues later this year, by which time they hope that the nation's economy will have improved.

Under White House consideration as the next move in a continuing campaign to check Fidel Castro's support

of revolution in Latin America: A speech by Reagan warning the Soviet Union to stop its buildup of arms shipments to Cuba.

Why wasn't former President Jimmy Carter included among leading Democrats who participated in a television show rebutting Reagan's state-of-the-union address? The terse explanation of a key Democrat: "He's not seen as an asset."

It took months, but friends report that Carter has fully recovered from the shock of his 1980 defeat and plans to do some campaigning this year for selected Democratic members of Congress.

Even top Republicans in Congress predict that Reagan reluctantly will sign tax increases and cuts in defense spending if they are sent to his desk. Said one GOP leader: "He has to compromise, and I think he knows it."

Publicly, relations between Reagan's Labor Secretary, Ray Donovan, and the AFL-CIO are as chilly as ever, with Donovan pointedly not invited to the union's winter meeting in Florida. But privately, officials on both sides admit there is more contact than ever between the two sides.

White House insiders confirm that William Clark, Reagan's new national-security adviser, already has made the inner circle. Proof: Only four wives of staff members were invited to witness the President's state-of-the-union speech—the spouses of Edwin Meese, James Baker, Michael Deaver and Clark.

Others may have their doubts, but Energy Secretary James Edwards is taking seriously Reagan's vow to dis-

mantle his department. Edwards, a dentist, has inquired about appointment as president of the Medical University of South Carolina, in the state he formerly served as governor.

Congressional leaders see one side effect of the uproar over Reagan's handling of tax-exempt status for segregated schools: The President, in order to avoid being accused of racism, is likely now to accept whatever extension of the Voting Rights Act is passed by lawmakers—even if it is stronger than he wants.

The Republican National Committee tried unsuccessfully to persuade the three major television networks not to carry the Democrats' rebuttal to Reagan's state-of-the-union speech. The GOP argument: The Democrats' show was nothing but "a slick Madison Avenue production" filmed before the President even spoke.

Western diplomats back from Tehran report that Ayatollah Khomeini is in no hurry to end Iran's war with Iraq. Why? As long as Iran's fighting men are pinned down in combat, they are less likely to launch a coup against the Ayatollah.

A sleeper proposal coming up in Reagan's new budget: Selling huge chunks of federal land to ranchers and mineral companies. Said one presidential adviser: "The potential is in the billions."

The fleet of cars used to shuttle members of the White House staff around Washington has been doubled—from 14 to 29—since the end of the Carter administration. A Reagan official's explanation: "The Carter cutback was pointless symbolism and inefficient. Aides have more important things to do than wait around for cabs."

U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, Feb. 8, 1982

17

Ailing Kissinger
rushed to MGH
for heart tests

By JOHN McGINN

Under an elaborate veil of secrecy, fromer U.S. secretary of State Henry Kissinger was flown from Washington to Boston during the night and was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital for treatment by a heart specialist.

The ailing diplomat was complaining of a "sore shoulder and pain in the left arm," a confidential source said when Kissinger was admitted.

Kissinger, 58, arrived at the hospital at 11:20 p.m. and was checked into a private room in the Warren Building at 11:37 p.m.

Dr. Kissinger appeared on national television yesterday morning and felt pain, the source said. Developments later in the day prompted the rush trip to Boston.

The hush-hush trip was arranged by the Secret Service, who flew Kissinger to LaGuardia Airport in New York by private aircraft.

He was then transferred to Delta Flight 1146 and was given the first seat in the first class section of the plane before the other passengers were allowed on board.

The flight landed 12 minutes late at the Delta terminal here at 11:07 P.M. The prominent statesman was taken through the departure section of the terminal by Delta passenger agents. The terminal was empty because the airline had no further departures last night.

A limousine was waiting at the curb with a State Police escort dispatched by Sgt. Geroge Windisch and composed of Troopers Arthur MacDonald and Vincent Phelan.

When the motorcade reached the Boston side of the Sumner Tunnel, a detail of Boston Police officers joined it for the trip to the hospital.

The main entrance to the hospital, usually closed at that hour of the night' was open to receive the prominent patient. Security guards were present to protect the secrecy of his arrival. Sources said he was admitted

Henry Kissinger

under an assumed name.

It was learned Kissinger is to be visited early this morning by the former chief of surgery at the hospital, Dr. W. Gerald Austen, a former president of the Massachusetts Division of the American Heart Association.

It was reported the Kissingers have known Dr. Austen for some time. He treated Mrs. Nancy Kissinger for an ailment several years ago.

Boston Herald American, Thursday, February 4, 1982 2

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# TIBERIO

## SALUTING KISSINGER

With some 1,600 Republicans, conservative think-tankers and celebrities from administrations past on hand at the Washington Hilton as guests of the American Enterprise Institute, the only commotion was when the guest-of-honor, former secretary of state Henry Kissinger, and his old boss, former president Gerald Ford, entered the crowd. Photographers' flashes were blinding as the two bear-hugged, then casually chatted about losing weight, golf and teaching. "Your profession is going to Hell," Ford teased the now-frumpish Kissinger (right), who has added some weight since his Washington days. With the start of dinner, guests settled into the ballroom for a long evening of filet mignon, conservative rhetoric and punchy one-liners. The ceremonies marked the end of AEI's public policy week conference.

Former national security advisor Richard Allen and his wife Patricia arrive under the strain of controversy, while nearby another former national security advisor, Brent Scowcroft (right), chats with Nancy Kissinger.

Political columnist James J. Kilpatrick talks over old times with his former editor at "The Washington Star", Murray Gart.

40/Dossier/February 1982

Kissinger's
bid to return
Nobel Prize

OSLO, Norway (AP) — The Norwegian Nobel Committee said Thursday that Henry A. Kissinger tried to return the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize two years later on grounds the Vietnam war's "anguish and tragedy" continued despite his efforts.

But the committee said it persuaded the then secretary of state to keep the prize by telling him the reasons for awarding it to him were still valid.

The prize was awarded to Kissinger and Hanoi's Le Duc Tho for negotiating the Vietnam ceasefire. Le Duc Tho refused to accept his half of the prize.

The Nobel committee issued a statement after several Danish newspapers printed excerpts from Kissinger's latest memoirs which are due to be published March 26.

E-4—THE PENINSULA TIMES TRIBUNE, Monday, February 1, 1982

# Kissinger: Polish 'disintegration' a 'dangerous temptation to Russia

By Anne Houghteling

Times Tribune staff

CUPERTINO — The Polish crisis is one more indication that Eastern European countries are in "various states of disintegration," which could tempt the Soviet Union "to substitute foreign success for internal achievements," Henry Kissinger said Sunday at Flint Center on the De Anza College campus.

After a few opening witticisms— "It was suggested I use this lecture to read the manuscript of my next volume of memoirs ... but I'm told the auditorium is needed by Tuesday" — the former secretary of state launched into his view of world affairs with an emphasis on Poland.

The crisis in Poland, Kissinger told a capacity crowd of 2,500, "is not an accident, nor a purely Polish phenomenon ... Fundamentally, the East European regimes, all of them including the Soviet Union, are in various states of disintegration."

The "stagnant" Soviet system with its lack of mechanisms for peaceful change is responsible, Kissinger said.

"They (the Polish regime) could improve the economy, could have labor-management relations but they can't do either of these things as long as the Communist party is in the predominant position."

In countries like Poland, though it becomes clear that "nothing is working over a period of years, nevertheless there is no mechanism by which you can adjust it short of a catastrophe," Kissinger said.

"The catastrophe has to become almost overwhelming and then there is that convulsive change..." such as declaration of martial law in Poland.

While the Communist system has failed at solving domestic problems, the Soviets in the last 20 years have been enormously successful in one sphere — arming themselves, Kissinger noted.

"Precisely because its (the Soviet Union's) domestic problems are so intractable, it may have a strong temptation to substitute foreign successes for internal achievements ... to make itself secure abroad before it tackles its domestic problems," Kissinger said.

Absolute security for the Soviets "means absolute insecurity for everyone else," since the Soviet Union will feel safe only when no country is strong enough to challenge it, he said.

Americans who have been most successful in dealing with the Soviet Union were the "most unsentimental" and "most insistent there was strict reciprocity" in negotiations, he said.

"If we want peace, we have to be willing to defend it. If we want to negotiate, we have to establish both rewards and penalties."

But that is not the typical American approach, he said.

"We have a constituency for penalties and a constituency for rewards, but we don't have a constituency for people who are willing do to both," he said.

The former secretary of state had just as little praise for the way some of the United State's longtime allies have reacted since martial law was declared in Poland in December.

Kissinger said he was "appalled" by NATO allies, especially Germany and France, who, he said, have declared that no sanctions against the Soviets are justified because sanctions are a type of economic warfare.

"That's exactly right. That's what they are," Kissinger said. "That's why we we probably want to employ them."

The biggest task now facing President Reagan is re-establishing common interests between the United States and those Western European allies, Kissinger said. No longer, he said; does the assumption hold true that the United States and its allies in Western Europe always share "a common concept of danger or some common objective to be achieved."

Now, the former secretary of state said, many of America's friends in Western Europe look on their alliance with the United States as, in effect, a "unilateral American guarantee" of defense that allows them to pursue their own policies toward the Soviets.

"I would not think it possible," Kissinger said, "that five years after there were Cuban troops in Angola, four years after Cuban troops in Ethiopia, two years after Soviet troops in Afghanistan and in the same year there are 30 Soviet divisions threatening Poland, that the demonstrations for peace in Europe would be directed at the United States, not against the Soviet Union."

Times Tribune staff photo
Henry Kissinger

THE PENINSULA TIMES TRIBUNE, Monday, February 1, 1982—E-3

## Many motorists believed this kind of war was extinct

**MODESTO (AP)** — Much to the delight of motorists, Modesto independent gasoline station operators revived a form of warfare that many people thought was all but extinct.

Gas wars!

USA, Gasco and Regal stations dropped their prices almost hourly Friday to attract customers lining up wherever the best pump price was displayed.

Prices for a gallon of regular gasoline plummeted 18 cents below the average for major brands before bottoming out at $1.079 by the end of the business day. And some station managers were threatening to continue the price cutting.

Lenny Soranno, a Gasco distributor in nearby Ceres who said his prices remained above cost, promised to "stay competitive in this full scale gas war among independents."

Stanislaus County Arco distributor Stan Boyett acknowledged, "The price is coming down on gas all over the world."

But Mobil station operator Don Keesler groused that Gasco was "trying to close the rest of us up."

With a three-cent margin between his costs and sale prices, Keesler asked, "What have I got left to pay the light bill?"

## Ford offer to share profits returns to forefront in talks

**DETROIT (AP)** — Ford Motor Co.'s offer to share profits with its workers returned today to the forefront of contract concessions talks with the United Auto Workers following the collapse of the union's discussions with General Motors Corp.

Ford, which lost more than $700 million in the first nine months of 1981, has offered to give employees a profit-sharing plan and unspecified job security arrangements in exchange for shorter vacations and other concessions.

Bargaining between the United Auto Workers and Ford began Jan. 11 but was put on hold Jan. 12, when General Motors Corp. and the UAW announced agreement on a framework for negotiations that thrust the GM talks into the spotlight.

The union focused its attention on the GM negotiations until late Thursday when the talks fell apart after bargainers failed to agree on a package of wage-and-benefit concessions sought by the No. 1 automaker.

Bargainers for Ford and the UAW met in separate committees this morning and joint negotiations were delayed until after noon, according to Jerry Sloan, Ford spokesman.

The committee meetings were delayed as bargainers struggled through 10 inches of snow that hit the Detroit area Sunday, he said.

The breakdown of talks at GM

"leaves the door open for serious negotiations," said Sloan. "If they would have reached an agreement at GM, they (UAW bargainers at Ford) would have used that as the pattern. This sort of clears the slate."

"Obviously the cutoff (of negotiations at GM) will have an impact on our people," Donald Ephlin, UAW vice president and head of the union's Ford Department, said. "It's an added burden to us."

GM sought — and Ford continues to seek — labor-cost reductions from the union in an effort to become more competitive with foreign carmakers. In exchange, the UAW wants job security guarantees and an end to the Ford purchase of parts and components from companies whose workers are not represented by the union.

Although UAW President Douglas Fraser refused Thursday to predict the outcome of negotiations at Ford, the chances seem much better for the union and the No. 2 automaker to reach agreement.

There has been much less resistance to the negotiations by Ford workers, and the union's Ford council voted by a much wider margin than GM's on Jan. 23 to continue the talks.

Ford also needs relief more than GM. GM is expected to report a profit for 1981 and made $237 million in the first nine months of the year. Ford is expected to report a 1981 loss.

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