[LC]

# A World Restored

*Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 1812-1822*

HENRY KISSINGER

This study of European diplomacy in the crucial decade when Metternich and Castlereagh established the 'Concert of Europe' is a major work of historical scholarship. Henry Kissinger, of Harvard University, analyses the personalities, aims and policies of Metternich and Castlereagh within the framework of a narrative history of European diplomacy. In discussing the conception of 'Legitimacy' and the international 'Equilibrium', he also shows how the events of this decade illuminate the general problems of the essential nature of international relations.

440 pp., *Dy 8vo, 42s.* NOVEMBER

## THE LIBRARY OF IDEAS

### Alexander Herzen

*From the Other Shore and The Russian People and Socialism*

INTRODUCTION BY ISAIAH BERLIN

Herzen's famous essays and dialogues, written during those years of high promise and terrible disillusion, 1847-1851, are here translated into English for the first time. Herzen was an eye-witness of the 1848 revolution in Paris, and this book is at once an analysis of the failure of the revolution and Herzen's own political testament. The pyrotechnic style, thought and wit made it one of the most remarkable and fascinating political books ever written.

244 pp., *Cr 8vo, 16s.* SEPTEMBER

*Already published in the Library of Ideas:*

* Austin: THE PROVINCE OF JURISPRUDENCE DETERMINED. Introduction by H. L. A. Hart. 12s 6d*

* Dante: MONARCHY. Introduction by Donald Nicholl. 9s 6d*

* Condorcet: SKETCH FOR A HISTORICAL PICTURE OF THE PROGRESS OF THE HUMAN MIND. Introduction by Stuart Hampshire. 12s 6d*

10

[LC]

EARLY 1957

# The Roots of Crime

LORD PAKENHAM

What makes today's criminals turn to crime? Family environment, or lack of it? Want of religious belief? The effects of the War? Or of the Welfare State? Or, bluntly, original sin? Lord Pakenham was commissioned by the Nuffield Foundation to undertake an inquiry into crime. He talked to prison officials, psychologists, magistrates and welfare workers and to the criminals themselves. This book is based on his official report, but it is written in popular form for the general reader and its startling evidence and challenging conclusions will make it one of next year's most widely discussed books. 256 pp., *Dy 8vo, 21s*

# The World's Caves

ANTON LUBKE

A comprehensive survey of the caves of all countries; their geology and archaeology; their flora and fauna; the life of their prehistoric inhabitants and the explorations of modern speleologists. 256 pp., *Dy 8vo, Illustrated, 25s*

# Doctor at Court

WILHELM TREUE

The physicians and surgeons who have attended the great are among the most intriguing minor characters in history; there are few secrets even a king can hide from his doctor. Dr Treue gives a fascinating series of portraits of famous physicians and of their famous patients who were so often their victims. 320 pp., *Dy 8vo, 25s*

# Kings of Fashion

ANNE LEVY-LATOUR

A history of the great dress designers who have ruled the world of fashion from Leroy, who created the post-revolutionary look in France, and Worth, the Englishman who founded the Paris *haute couture*, down to the great couturiers of today. 320 pp., *Dy 8vo, Illustrated, 25s*

11

FICTION

The Naked Hill

GERT LEDIG

This powerful novel, winner of a German literary prize, describes a forty-eight hour battle on the Russian front near Leningrad—a barrage, break-through, and counter-attack. It contains, as no other book has done, all the horror, heroism and terror of the campaign which dwarfed all others in the Second World War, and gives an unsurpassed picture of human beings in total war.

Gert Ledig was himself a German soldier and he writes of an experience he can never forget. This novel, which has already established him as one of Germany's leading post-war writers, has been enthusiastically received in America.

192 pp., Cr 8vo, 12s. 6d. SEPTEMBER

The Return of
Gunner Asch

HANS HELLMUT KIRST

This third and final volume of the great *Zero Eight Fifteen* trilogy takes its hero, Gunner Asch, to the end of the war —to the collapse of Germany and the demobilization of the German Army. In the chaos of defeat we meet again the ever-resourceful Kowalski, the bull-dozing Schulz, the enigmatic Luschke; but there are new characters, too, drawn with the love and the hatred, the sense of tragedy and the no less real sense of comedy which led John Wain to write of the first two volumes in the *Observer*: 'Herr Kirst is many things besides a satirist; his love scenes have real tenderness, his battle scenes, real terror. . . . This Gunner Asch, the soldier who is determined to stay a human being, is a character with whom it is possible to feel intensely'.

320 pp., Cr 8vo, 15s. NOVEMBER

Also available:

Zero Eight Fifteen (288 pp., Cr 8vo, 12s 6d)

Gunner Asch Goes To War (336 pp., Cr 8vo, 13s 6d)

12

[Lc]

# The Unfaithful Wife

JULES ROY

When the news of Ferrer's crash comes through to his fellow pilots on the station, their first thought is for his widow; but greedy curiosity plays more part in their solicitude than pity. Where is the beautiful Madame Ferrer? And where had she been at the time of her husband's death? For Helene Ferrer—cold, shallow, yet intensely voluptuous—is a woman who cannot help arousing the lust of the men who surround her. Captain Dumard is sent to break the news to her of her husband's death. He feels the power of her attraction, and when he realizes that his companion, Rousseau, is on terms of intimacy with the widow, his jealousy is aroused despite himself.

This ferocious tale of adultery and its consequences is written with an elegance and a brilliant economy of language that will confirm Jules Roy's reputation as one of the outstanding younger novelists writing in France today.

160 pp., Lg Cr 8vo, 10s. 6d. OCTOBER

# The Company She Keeps

MARY McCARTHY

This is the authoress of *A Charmed Life's* first—and in the opinion of many critics her most brilliant—work of fiction. It is the story of a young woman trying to escape the inhibitions of her rigid Catholic upbringing. Margaret Sargent's search for a meaning, and emotional excitement, in a world of neurotic compulsions and illicit love, leads her to desert her husband and to indulge in a succession of casual affairs. But she has brains as well as beauty, and as the men in her life change so, too, do the jobs she takes up and the causes she champions. Mary McCarthy's astringent style and frightening truthfulness of personal observation have never been more happily employed than in *The Company She Keeps* which has long deserved a new edition.

192 pp., Cr 8vo, 12s 6d. NOVEMBER

13

[LC]

RECENT SUCCESSES

Beggars on Golden Stools

PETER SCHMID

BOOK SOCIETY NON-FICTION CHOICE FOR JULY

In this brilliant account of a journey through Latin America, Peter Schmid describes its many lands in all their exotic variety. He recalls the people he met: dictators and generals, communist agitators and Indian peasants. And the cities he visited: Lima, on the equator but where the sun never shines; Mexico City sinking beneath its weight of skyscrapers; polyglot Panama, roaring Sao Paulo and ruined Chan Chau. And he gives an illuminating insight into the debonair jungle warfare of Latin American politics.

325 pp., Dy 8vo, *Illustrated*, 25s

Great Opera Houses

SPIKE HUGHES

Personal visits to twenty famous European Opera Houses provided the material for this book which is both an entertaining history of opera and also a practical guidebook for the opera-loving traveller.

362 pp., Dy 8vo, *Illustrated*, 30s

Report on the Vatican

BERNARD WALL

'An extremely interesting, dignified and enlightening book. . . . His portrait of the present Pope, his account of contemporary gossip among the Cardinals, his researches into the state of the religious orders and their money affairs are fascinating.' —V. S. PRITCHETT

247 pp., Dy 8vo, *Illustrated*, 21s

A Prince of Mantua

MARIA BELLONCI

The life and times of Vincenzo Gonzaga, the most splendid figure of the Italian late Renaissance by the authoress of *Lucrezia Borgia*.

320 pp., Dy 8vo, 25s

Beaverbrook

TOM DRIBERG

'Wonderfully entertaining, fast moving, spiced with anecdotes.'—
A. J. P. TAYLOR, *Observer*.

332 pp., Dy 8vo, *Illustrated*, 21s

Our Samoan Adventure

FANNY *and* R. L. STEVENSON

Mrs Stevenson's diary of the last years of R. L. S.'s life in Samoa.

'Delightful, informative, illuminating, entertaining.'—*Economist*

288 pp., Dy 8vo, *Illustrated*, 21s

14

## CHURCHILL
His Life in Photographs

edited by RANDOLPH S. CHURCHILL &
HELMUT GERNSHEIM

'An indispensable and enduring study. . . . An enchanting panorama of the world of Winston Churchill.'

LEONARD RUSSELL, Sunday Times

224 pp., Dy 4to, 25s

## Where the Turk Trod
### ANTHONY RHODES

The entertaining record of a summer's journey through Moslem Yugoslavia. 'He succeeds in conveying to the reader his own cultivated kind of pleasure, dry, relaxed, knowledgeable . . . an unusually agreeable travel book.'—*The Times*

188 pp., Lg Cr 8vo, Illustrated, 18s

## The Book of Poisons
### GUSTAV SCHENK

'This fascinating book.'—CYRIL CONNOLLY, Sunday Times

242 pp., Dy 8vo, 18s

## The Age of Extravagance
### An Edwardian Reader

*Introduction by James Laver*

'An altogether fascinating book, not least for the photographs.'—

Star

352 pp., Dy 8vo, Illustrated, 25s

## I Looked for Adam
### HERBERT WENDT

'A book that cannot be put down. . . . Takes in not merely the history of evolutionary theory and palaeontology, but that of biology and geology, philosophy and political economy. . . . Really magnificent drawings and photographs.'—Books & Bookmen

576 pp., Dy 8vo, Illustrated, 30s

## Man Against Nature
*edited by CHARLES NEIDER*

'Thor Heyerdahl, Albert Schweitzer and George Custer are among the great names, past and present, which help to make this volume an omnibus of heroism, suspense and excitement.'—Sphere

512 pp., Dy 8vo, 21s

15

[L.C.]

# A History of Sweden

INGVAR ANDERSSON

'A well-sifted synoptic account of Sweden's history from the time of the earliest Stone Age settlements to the 1950s.'—*Times Literary Supplement*

488 pp., Dy 8vo, Illustrated, 2nd Imp., 35s

# The Men behind Space Rockets

HEINZ GARTMANN

'Strongly recommended, especially to those now working on rocketry ... but also to the general reader.'—*Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society*

185 pp., Dy 8vo, Illustrated, 18s

# Recent Fiction

## A CHARMED LIFE by Mary McCarthy

'Witty, merciless and revengeful, she is the scourge of institutions, cults and prevalent ideas.'—*Sunday Times*

'Must certainly be given an X-certificate of high quality.'—*Observer*

340 pp., Cr 8vo, 15s

## A LEGACY by Sybille Bedford

'Witty, informed and radiant with *la douceur de vivre*. '—JOHN

DAVENPORT, *Observer*

'A book of entirely delicious quality.'—EVELYN WAUGH, *Spectator*

360 pp., Cr 8vo, 15s

## A DANCE IN THE SUN by Dan Jacobson

'A beautiful performance ... the real subject of the book, race relations in South Africa, is so insistently present that it will touch and move the stupidest and most callous reader.'—JOHN WAIN, *Observer*

208 pp., Cr 8vo, 11s 6d

## CARDS OF IDENTITY by Nigel Dennis

'One of the three or four most mercurially alert, unnervingly funny books to have appeared in the twentieth century.'—*Sunday Times*

387 pp., Lg Cr 8vo, 15s

## A YOUNG GIRL'S TOUCH

by Barbara Skelton

The picaresque adventures in wartime London and an exotic native kingdom of a girl too young and pretty to live alone.

224 pp., Cr 8vo, 12s 6d

## DEATH IN ROME by Wolfgang Koeppen

The powerful story of the last days of a former Nazi leader by one of Germany's leading post war novelists.

224 pp., Cr 8vo, 13s 6d

16

[1c]

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MARCH, THE: Saul Bellow 15s

AGENCY GAME, THE: Bernard
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ALFRED AUSTIN VICTORIAN:
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APES, ANGELS & VICTORIANS:
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BAUDELAIRE AND THE SYM-
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BLUE CONTINENT, THE:
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BUBBLEMAKERS, THE:
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DAY LINCOLN WAS SHOT,
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EAGLE FLEET, THE:
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EASTER EGG HUNT, THE:
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FOUNDATION: Isaac Asimov 5s

GERMINIE: Edmund and
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Edited by Cyril Connolly 25s

HEDGEHOG AND THE FOX,
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IDEAS AND PLACES:
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IDOLS AND THE PREY, THE:
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IT GIVES ME GREAT
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MARCEL PROUST AT THE BALL:
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MONARCHY: Dante 9s 6d

NINE TALES OF SPACE AND
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NO TRAVELLER RETURNS:
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SAID AND DONE: O. G. S.
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SECRET DIARY OF HAROLD L.
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SIMPLE TRUTH, THE: Elizabeth
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SKETCH FOR A HISTORICAL
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OF THE HUMAN MIND:
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SO FULL A GLORY: Sir Guy
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SPRING IN SICILY: Peter
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WINGED LIFE, THE: Richard Rum-
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A WORLD RESTORED: METTERNICH, CASTLEREAGH AND THE PROBLEMS OF PEACE, 1812-22. By Henry A Kissinger. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1957. Pp. xi, 354. / 6.00)

This book is less a history of Europe's defeat of, and reconstruction after, Napolleon, than an interpretation of that history in universal terms. The author recognizes that history does not repeat itself exactly, but he insists that the problems of different periods, the methods of dealing with them, and the motivation of the actors may be similar. Consequently "generalization" may be "abstracted from the uniqueness of individual experience" (p.331). He seldom makes explicit an analogy between the post-Napoleonic and post-Hitlerian periods but the alert reader is continuously aware of an implicit analogy. The Russia of Czar Alexander and that of Stalin were similar in manifesting "the indeterminacy of a (revolutionary) policy of absolute Moral claims". The France of Napoleon and the Germany of Hitler were similar in manifesting "the (revolutionary) claims of power, as the France of Talleyrand and the Germany of Adenauer were similar in repudiating revolution and supporting moderation, restoration and unity. The Britain of Castlereagh and the United States of Roosevelt, each in its time on the periphery of world politics with a tradition of isolation, were similar in marrying the conceptions of equilibrium to that of collective security," maintained by recognition of the self-evident advantages of peace". The Austria of Metternich and the Britain of Churchill, each in its time conservative and in the center of world politics were alike in seeking stability in a world of nationalism (self-determination) and liberalism (human rights) though "equilibrium maintained by an agreement on a legitimizing principle". The Prussia of Hardenburg and the France of De Gaulle each struggling for emancipation from a satellite status, were alike in sacrificing rational policy for the "saving of face". (pp.170, 316, 331).

Dr. Kissinger demonstrates his scholarship both by his critical bibliography and by his skill in digesting materials in a lucid text. He is familiar with the official sources, the memoirs, the biographies and the histories. Like his great predecessor in the field, Sir Charles Webster (The Foreign Policy of Castlereagh, 2 vols London, 1925, 1931) he pays high tribute to the British Foreign Minister, but he is more impressed by the diplomatic skill and intelligence of Metternich. Though the latter's task was in the long run impossible to maintain an absolute monarchy over a polygamous people in an age in which "legitimacy" was changing from the principle of hereditary right to that of liberal, democratic, nationalism — he succeeded for a generation, always aware that time was against him. His "policy, was diplomacy in its purest sense, a virtuoso performance of an essentially instrumental kind, whose very skill testified to its ultimate futility". (p.281)

The central theme of the book, like that by Hans Morgenthau (Politics among Nations, N.Y. 1950) is the difference between policies of revolution (imperialism) seeking expansion, reform or the realization of an idea, and policies of conservatism (status quo), seeking tranquillity and stability. The latter depends on moderation, renunciation, law, and continuous negotiation to maintain equilibrium, the former on power, personality, pugnacity and propaganda. Kissinger also emphasizes the close relation of the states foreign policy to its domestic constitution. The latter, resting on tradition or public opinion, is likely to obstruct a foreign policy seeking stability. (p.323) Metternich's task of persuading his emperor, and Castlereagh's of persuading his government and parliament were often more difficult than their tasks at the international conferences. Woodrow Wilson faced the same problem. This

-: 2 :-

consideration leads the author to a discussion of the relative values
of the methods of education and propaganda, of bureaucracy and
administration, of diplomacy and politics, and of law and adjudication
in the conduct of international relations. Though recognizing that
the statesman must also be an educator (p.329) Kissinger finds a basic
incompatibility between bureaucracy and statesmanship (p.327). He also
notes that public opinion is more attracted by the prophet or conqueror
than by the statesman of stability (pp.316). Though little is said of
the role of international law, perhaps its theory is implicit in the
author's definition of the statesman's task: "to keep latent the tension
between organization and inspiration; to create a pattern of obligations
sufficiently spontaneous to reduce to a minimum the necessity for the
application of force, but, at the same time, of sufficient firmness not
to require the legitimization of a moment of exaltation. (p.317)

The book will be read with profit by both students and practitioners
of international politics. It skillfully distills history to enlighten
the philosophy the science and the art of international relations. Many
of the author's aphorisms deserve reflection. "The conditions of victory
are commitment, the condition of stability is self restraint". (p.138)
"It is not balance which inspires men but universality, not security
but immortality". (p.317) "Disputes over policy never concern a dis-
agreement over the wisdom of safety but over its nature, nor about the
desirability of security but about the best means to accomplish it".
(p.325). "The effort to identify the legitimizing principle of the
international order with a parochial version of justice must lead to a
revolutionary situation." (p.328)

Quincy Wright.

Books—Authors

An appraisal of Europe after the collapse of Napoleon's empire is given by Henry Kissingler in "A World Restored." The author discusses the problems that faced the diplomats at the Congress of Vienna and of the work of Metternich and Castlereagh to return the world to stability. Although this is the author's first book, he has contributed numerous articles to Foreign Affairs, World Politics, The Yale Review and The American Political Science Review. The book will be published by Houghton Mifflin on Oct. 14.

9 STREET COMM. AV. BETHESDA SILVER SPRING

SHIRLINGTON FALLS CHURCH

All-Out! Month-End!

FRENCH ROOM

adjusting our stocks,
you profit greatly!

This is a pleated insert in skirt,

Sen. Estes Kefauver of Tennessee are also keeping a finger in the political wind. By 1960, you probably won't be able to see the trees for the presidential timber.

Southern Author

IT WASN'T MENTIONED in the press release, but a Southerner drafted the strong civil rights statement issued last week by the Democratic Advisory Council.

He was Camille Gravel, Louisiana Democratic leader, whose draft was accepted by all members except North Carolina's Mrs. Benjamin Everett. In fact, the civil rights issue provoked only mild debate behind closed doors.

THE NOVEL THAT ROCKED THE SOVIET UNION

NOT
BY
BREAD

THE ORIGINAL
ROMEIKE
PRESS CLIPPINGS

330 TOMPKINS AVE.
STATEN ISLAND 4, N. Y.
Tel. Gibraltar 7-6800

Cir. [D 336,443] ($ 528,253)

This Clipping From

NEW YORK, N. Y.
HERALD TRIBUNE

OCT 14 1957

Books Out Today

[LC]

Non-Fiction

THE AGE OF REVOLUTION, by Winston S. Churchill (Dodd, Mead, $6). Volume III of "A History of the English-Speaking Peoples." Comment today.

A WORLD RESTORED: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace, 1812-22, by Henry Kissinger (Houghton Mifflin, $6).

THE NATURE OF BIOGRAPHY, by John A. Garraty (Knopf, $5).

A TRAVELLER IN ROME, by H. V. Morton (Dodd, Mead, $6).

HOME IS THE PLACE, by Stefanie Lauer (Knopf, $3.95). Day-to-day life of a family in the Berlin of just before the war.

INDEX TO THE STORY OF MY DAYS, by Edwards, George and Craig (Viking, $7.50). Memoirs.

ANTARCTIC NIGHT, by Lt. Cmdr. Jack Bursey, U. S. C. G. R. (Rand McNally, $4.95).

JADOO, by John Keel (Messner, $3.95). Search into the mysteries of black magic in the Orient.

MARA MOJA: From Northernmost Scandinavia to the Cape of Good Hope, by Lars-Narvik Otoson (Roy, $4.75).

AMERICAN PANORAMA, edited by Eric Lerrabee (New York University Press, $4.95).

THE LASTING SOUTH, edited by Louis D. Rublitz and James Kilpatrick (Regnery, $5.00). Fourteen Southerners look at their home.

SPEAKING OF PIANISTS, by Abram Chasins (Knopf, $4).

THE OLD FARMER'S ALMANAC SAMPLER, edited by Robb Saggendorph (Ives Washburn, $5).

AMERICAN HERITAGE, Vol. VIII, No. 6 (American Heritage, $2.95).

THE RELIC, AND OTHER POEMS, by Robert Hillyer (Knopf, $3.50).

HE'S STANDING BY YOU, by Grace Loveless (Vantage, $2). Poems.

A WHISPER OF ETERNITY: The Mystery of Edith Cavell by A. A. Hoehling (Joseloff, $3.95).

THE ACCUSING GHOST OF ROGER CASEMENT, by Alfred Noyes (Citadel, $3.50).

DOSTOYEVSKI IN RUSSIAN LITERARY CRITICISM, 1846-1956, by Vladimir Seduro (Columbia, $7.50).

THE MESSAGE OF THE SCROLLS, by Yigael Yadin (Simon & Schuster, $3.95).

SEVEN STEPS TO: CREATIVE CHILDREN'S DRAMATICS, by Pamela Prince Walker (Hill & Wang, $3).

LAFF INSURANCE, by Larry Shields (Vantage, $2.95). Humer.

Fiction

ROOM AT THE TOP, by John Braine (Houghton Mifflin, $3.75). Comment later.

A DOUBLE AFFAIR, by Angela Thirkell (Knopf, $3.95). Another Barsetshire novel.

THE MAKIOKA SISTERS, by Junichiro Tanizaki (Knopf, $4.95). Story of an Osaka merchant family on the eve of war.

THE TWELFTH STEP, by Thomas Randall (Scribners, $4.95). An alcoholic's search for a genuine integrity.

AMERICA WITH LOVE, by Kath

leen Winsor (Putnam, $4). A story of three American children in the 1930s.

THE GHINKGO TREE, by Sheehagh Burns (Rinehart, $3). A girl flees from the intellectual squalor of her New York life to a Caribbean island.

THE TEMPLE OF GOLD, by William Goldman (Knopf, $3.75). About adolescence.

ODDS AGAINST TOMORROW, by William P. McGivern (Dodd, Mead, $3.50). Two human beings caught in the grip of their own hatreds and fears.

WHERE THE SOIL WAS SHALLOW, by Jose Maria Gironella (Regnery, $4.95). Modern man in search of himself.

THE DRUMMOND TRADITION, by Charles Mercer (Putnam, $3.95). Story of a professional military man in a time of peace.

THE TARNISHED TOWER, by Ann Marbut (McKay, $3.95). Novel of educational huckstering.

STIGMA, by Williams Forrest (Crown, $3.50). Story of the making of a hero.

Paper original: SERGEANT BILKO, by Nat Hiken (Ballantine, 35 cents).

Reprints: THE TRIAL, by Franz Kafka (Knopf, $4.50); COLD COMFORT FARM, by Stella Gibbons (Longmans, Green, $2.50).

THE HOUSTON POST
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1957

History Repeats at Arms Talks

"In a stable order the diplomatic conference attempts to adjust differences among the contenders. In a revolutionary situation the purpose of a conference is psychological; it attempts to establish a motive for action and is directed primarily to those not yet committed."

These two sentences, taken from "A World Restored" (Houghton, Mifflin), a forthcoming book by Henry A. Kissinger on the political restoration of Europe after the Napoleonic wars, were written about the failure of negotiations on an Austrian peace proposal to end the wars in the late spring of 1815. They diagnose equally well the failure of the United Nations disarmament talks in London.

Western disarmament proposals sought not only a ban on nuclear testing but international agreement to an inspection system that would give practical effect to bans on testing and on the production of fissionable material for belligerent purposes. The Russian proposals omitted machinery for the practical enforcement of any weapons agreement.

The two positions are, of course, in fundamental disagreement and no amount of negotiation could reconcile them. In the latter days of the conference the Russians almost abandoned the pretext of seeking an agreement.

In columns appearing recently on this page, Henry Tanner, The Houston Post's foreign affairs analyst, discussed another book by Kissinger published last month in which he stated the necessity of limiting the

scope of future wars by limiting their objectives to well-defined political ends. The clear implication of Kissinger's theory is that, while we may not be able to avoid conflict with Russia, we may be able to limit that conflict and achieve the finite goal of the preservation of the international order as we know it.

For Russia, like France in the last century and Germany earlier in this century, is a revolutionary power, seeking not merely a higher place in the international order of precedence, but the destruction of the order itself.

Generalizing from a similar Nineteenth Century situation, Dr Kissinger remarks:

"Whenever there exists a power which considers the international order . . . oppressive, relations between it and the other powers will be revolutionary. In such cases it is not the adjustment of differences within a given system which will be at issue, but the system itself. . . .

"Diplomacy, the art of restraining the exercise of power, cannot function in such an environment. . . . Diplomats can still meet but they cannot persuade, for they have ceased to speak the same language. In the absence of agreement on what constitutes a reasonable demand, diplomatic conferences are occupied with sterile repetitions of basic positions and accusations of bad faith or allegations of 'unreasonableness' and 'subversion.' They become elaborate stage plays which attempt to attach as yet uncommitted powers to one of the opposing systems."

May 14, 1957

Dear Mr. Pryce-Jones:

Nothing is more futile than for an author to protest about a review of
his book. If I nevertheless presume on our brief acquaintance to write to
you, it is because the review in your issue of May 26 seems to me to go be-
yond the bounds of responsibility and indeed of ethics.

Let me begin by stating that the merit of my book is not at issue.
Authors are notoriously bad judges of the quality of their own work and a
review to be helpful must state its disagreements and criticisms fully and
frankly. This is why I have always admired the practice of anonymity in
the Times Literary Supplement.

At the same time a review, particularly an anonymous review, imposes
the obligation of a measure of fairness. A review as full of innuendo and as
misleading as that of my book can be of no use to anyone. An author has the
right to expect that his thesis be stated before it is derided, that the views
ascribed to him have some relationship to those of his book and that sentences
which are made the object of criticism be quoted in some reasonable context.

Your reviewer claims that the purpose of my book was to provide moral
instruction and that as a result I lost Castlereagh on the way. Despite con-
stant ominous references, your reviewer never makes clear the nature of this
moral instruction. Nor does he state the generalizations to which he objects
except for a few isolated sentences drawn from widely separated chapters and
therefore totally out of context. One reason for the difficulty your reviewer
had in defining the nature of my "moral" is that the purpose of the book (as
stated on pages 3-6) is not moral instruction but a study in diplomatic method
and of the relationship between diplomacy and domestic policy. Castlereagh
was selected because the British domestic structure made a policy of non-
intervention in the domestic affairs of other states inevitable. This is stated
if anything too repetitiously (for example, on pages 5, 31, 185, 222, 265, 308,
among many other examples). In "refuting" my unstated thesis, your reviewer
alleges as a personal insight that Castlereagh was closer to Canning than to
Metternich. But this precise point is made by me on page 314.

Mr. Alan Pryce-Jones

- 2 -

5/14/57

Metternich is discussed not as a "hero" as your reviewer claims but to illustrate an attempt to adapt international affairs to the rigid domestic structure of an archaic state. Whatever admiration my book exhibits is for his diplomatic virtuosity which ultimately had to prove empty because it lacked conception (Pages 11, 83, 213, 281, 321-325). All the other adjectives are your reviewer's not mine. A brief look at the bibliography will indicate that your reviewer's statement about the judgment of Metternich by his contemporaries is one-sided to say the least. It is not clear why in order to oppose what Metternich stood for -- as your reviewer obviously does, and as I do to some extent -- it is also necessary to prove Metternich a fool and a coward.

Your reviewer gives the impression that my book is based on the proposition that the millenium had arrived with the Congress of Vienna and that the world lived henceforth with a consciousness of harmony. My claim is much more modest: Between the Congress of Vienna and World War I there was no general war and only between 1854 and 1871 were there wars between major powers. Your reviewer cites the "appalling turmoil" after the Congress of Vienna as evidence that my book is "historically out of tune." In fact, pages 215 through 332 are devoted to the following events: revolutions in Spain, in Naples and in Germany; Austrian intervention in Italy, Russian intervention in the Balkans and French intervention in Spain. This hardly indicates an unawareness of turmoil. My only claim was that the revolutionary outbreaks were localized and wars were limited through conference diplomacy.

To refute all misstatements in the review would transcend the bounds of a letter. It does seem to me, however, that the method of quoting out of context is almost deliberately misleading. Your reviewer quotes three isolated sentences to demonstrate my obtuseness. One wonders how many authors could withstand such a method of analysis and what it would prove could they do so. The first two sentences are drawn from widely separated paragraphs in a long discussion about the nature of change in different historical periods. The sentences quoted sought to explain the thinking of the makers of the Vienna settlement. Since Metternich was one of the chief of these it is not surprising that they parallel his views, although this should not excuse the reviewer from coming to grips with their substance. The third sentence appears towards the end of the book. It is part of a discussion comparing a nation's domestic with its international experience. Had your reviewer quoted the next sentence as well, the quotation would have made sense though he would have lost the opportunity to score a debating point.

I would like to repeat that I do not object to your reviewer's dislike of my book or of my point of view although I am not sure he has understood

[LC]

(THE SPECTATOR, April 5, 1957)

A WORLD RESTORED: METTERNICH, CASTLEREAGH AND
THE PROBLEMS OF PEACE, 1812 - 1822. By Henry
Kissinger. (Weidenfeld and Nicolson,)

No one who looks at history can imagine, as James I, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Woodrow Wilson imagined, that there is one single formula, valid at all times, which establishes the legitimacy of governments, but in any society that at all attains to stability there is at any given time a formula which is for the moment generally accepted -- be it consecration, primogeniture, constitutional election, self-determination or what you will. The statesman has little say as to what may be the formula of his age. All that he can do, if he wishes to give peace to his age, is to see that governments and frontiers are as far as possible shaped in accordance with that formula. Where there is no generally accepted formula then, as Mr. Kissinger truly says, there is a revolutionary situation and the result is war. If up till the present democracy has always brought war in its train, that is not because democracy is of its essence more bellicose than other forms of government but because its moral title has always been challenged -- in the past by aristocracy, in the present by Communism.

The eighteenth century had its own notion of legitimacy, and Mr. Kissinger is very right in saying that the extravagances of Encyclopaedists' criticism were then tolerated not because the *rois philosophes* were prepared to allow their authority to be undermined but because they thought that their authority was utterly unassailable. To them criticism was but a harmless amusement. Then came the Revolution and Bonaparte. Now it is a further truth that a Restoration never really restores. A revolution which has enjoyed temporary power may in its turn fail and the forms of the *ancien regime* be restored, but the memory of it remains and the restoration will only endure if the masters of it are wise enough in some way to pay respect to the memory of that interlude. This Charles II understood in England and James II did not. Louis XVIII understood in France and Charles X did not. Metternich understood it well enough up to a point, but it was his difficulty that he could do little about it. He understood well enough that the Napoleonic adventure and the revolt against it had between them filled Europe with a spirit of nationalism and that it was going to be difficult to get a stable society which was not built upon nationalist lines. But the trouble was, as he also saw, that it was going to be difficult to get a stable society which was built on nationalist lines. The formula of nationalism might be invoked, as it was to be invoked before the century was through, to build nationalist States in Germany and Italy, but its invocation in the Hapsburg Empire must inevitably reduce society to chaos -- to a chaos that would in its turn spread chaos to all Europe -- so inextricably

-2-

were the nationalities there intertwined. Broadly speaking, he has been proved right.

But what did he do? and what ought he to have done about it? As Mr. Kissinger shows, he set himself not only to oppose all change but by brilliant trickery to manoeuvre all other Powers in Europe into supporting him in his opposition. I confess that I do not admire Metternich's trickery as whole-heartedly as Mr. Kissinger. After all he did it all by flattering hereditary monarchs, and all the hereditary monarchs at that time were, as Bagehot has pointed out, mad. (Britain was at a great advantage over other Powers in that she alone had the constitutional machinery for declaring her Kings mad.) But in any event Mr. Kissinger is surely right in saying that it was just a delaying action and the policy essentially sterile, nor, I think does he sufficiently condemn the means which Matternich habitually used -- stolen letters, blackmail, robbery, the betrayal of confidences and the like -- and his intolerable delight at his own imagined cleverness. One who aspires to build his power in moral foundations cannot afford the habitual use of blackmail. The trouble about Metternich was that he was always an aristocrat but never a gentleman.

Now Mr. Kissinger is acutely conscious that Metternich was only delaying an inevitable end. But what should he have done? It was Metternich's belief -- and any study of the Italian Risorgimento such as that of Mr. Hales on Mazzini substantially confirms it -- that the lower classes at that time cared little about nationalism or constitutionalism. The demand for these came entirely from the middle class. But Metternich, having stated this, never seems to have inquired why it was -- never seems to have reflected that methods of production were changing, that people were now demanding the new goods which the middle-class manufacturers produced, that the middle class was growing restless because it was more important and demanded that its importance be recognised. The only chance of saving the Austrian Empire was surely that it should wean its middle classes away from nationalism by offering them more than the nationalists. Perhaps that was impossible granted that the Emperor was such as he was. Perhaps it was impossible anyway. Perhaps to give Europe peace for a third of a century was as much as could be asked of any man and he was entitled to challenge the men of the new generation to find the solutions for the new problems and to pronounce his 'after me the deluge' if they could not do so. But, if so, then there was nothing for it but to admit that there was no abiding place for a powerful Hapsburg Empire in a nineteenth-century world. As it was, the story was a story of great irony. Metternich, the great Conservative, saw in the Hapsburg Empire the major force for stability. Acton, the great Liberal, praised it because there alone the narrowness of nationalism was transcended, and yet in 1914 it was Austrian aristocrats like Conrad von Hotzendorf who in a crazy ambition to reassert their Austrian Germanity plunged humanity into its Armageddon.

Christopher Hollis

9 STREET CONN. AVE. BETHESDA SILVER SPRING

SHIRLINGTON FALLS CHURCH

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$145 Silk Organza Cocktail Dress, pleated insert in skirt,

Harriman's skiing and youthful appearance might help offset the calendar. At any rate, his political adviser, Jim Lannigan, attended the Democratic Midwest conference to take soundings on political sentiment.

Other possible candidates such as veteran campaigner Sen. Estes Kefauver of Tennessee are also keeping a finger in the political wind. By 1960, you probably won't be able to see the trees for the presidential timber.

Southern Author

Aviation Publications, which just come out with Missile Week a weekly news service. Volume No. 1, says: "World War III has started. The U. S. has lost the first battle. . . . It is technologic warfare, a kind of combat which this country was and still is."

TWENTY SECOND FLOOR
25 KING STREET WEST,
TORONTO, 1.

April 6, 1957.

Dear Walter:-

I enclose a review of a book entitled "A World Restored" "Metternick, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 1812-1822", by Henry Kissinger, which appeared in The Economist of March 30, 1957. The review is so praiseworthy of your brother's work that it appears to me that it establishes beyond question that henceforth among people who can read without moving their lips that you will be known as Henry's brother.

As an objective citizen of a nation which receives no Marshall aid, I may say that it is refreshing to see some wisdom emanate from south of the border.

Presumably your catholic puppy has kept you advised of the various requirements of fasting and abstinence during Lent. It may be that I will take my annual pilgrimage to New York and Stamford when the season of mortification comes to an end.

The recent suicide of the Canadian Ambassador to Egypt, which appears to have been prompted by irresponsible statements made before a U. S. Congressional Committee, has created a good deal of bitter comment here. I know that you feel strongly about those witch hunting Committees of the U.S. Congress. This recent incident has brought home to Canadians the full effect of the damage which such Committees can cause.

I will be obliged if you would attain, for me a copy of Henry's book and I shall be pleased to pay the invoice upon the receipt thereof, or within a year or so thereafter. I can either purchase the book from England or the United States because both countries are in the soft currency area, but I selected the U. S. in order to give Henry some hard currency as royalties.

THE ECONOMIST

March 30, 1957

A WORLD RESTORED: Metternich, Castlereagh and the
Problems of Peace, 1812-1822

By Henry Kissinger

Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 365 pages, 36s.

Diplomatic history can be fascinating as well as boring. For some people it is insufficiently human, for others insufficiently mechanical and scientific, but few will not find some intellectual excitement in the complex and deceptive manoeuvres of a major diplomatic conference. Mr. Kissinger has selected the classic period 1812-22 for a detailed study of diplomatic method. It is familiar ground, and the author does not put forward the fruits of any new research or any radically new interpretation. But he is quite remarkably penetrating on the psychology of statesmen and the workings of international politics. This is a reflective and subtle book, written with great care and with great concentration of meaning. It is diplomatic history at its best.

The chief interest is in the finesse and deviousness by which Metternich managed to secure the stability of Europe. Metternich was for a time virtually the prime minister of Europe and the continent was near to feeling a unity. This Austrian statesman was to suffer from having his history written by opponents who were unable to explain his success. Today he is in vogue again, and we are better able to appreciate his masterly inactivity or the way in which he duped others by himself appearing to be the dupe. We can learn from Metternich that the aim of diplomacy is to win the greatest possible freedom of action and a greater range of choice than is open to any potential opponent. He himself gave a virtuoso performance in this r'espect, and in so doing he also showed how diplomatic skill can achieve what may be impossible by force.

Mr. Kissinger is so successful in sympathising with Metternich that just occasionally he provokes a feeling of doubt. It is always a temptation to make out that statesmen are more conscious and deliberate than in fact they are, and one sometimes suspects that Metternich's ruses and delaying tactics rather reflect indecision or even outright incomprehension. Another temptation is to suggest that

even outright incomprehension. Another temptation is to suggest that Metternich's rules and delaying tactics rather reflect indirectness or tipstaffness than in fact they are, and one sometimes suspects that that just occasionally he provokes a feeling of doubt. It is always a Mr. Klaasen is so successful in sympathising with Metternich what may be impossioble by force.

and in so doing he also showed how diplomatic skill can achieve
opponent. He himself gave a virtuoso performance in this Klaasen,
action and a greater range of choice than is open to any potential
that the aim of diplomacy is to win the greatest possible freedom of
by himself appearing to be the dube. We can learn from Metternich
abandon his masterly inactivity or the way in which he duced others
his success. Today he is in vogue again, and we are better able to
having his history written by opponents who were unable to explain
near to feeling a unity. This Austrian statesman was to suffer from
for a time virtually the prime minister of Europe and the continent was
Metternich managed to secure the stability of Europe. Metternich was
the chief interest is in the finease and devounness by which

It is diplomatic history at its best.
book, written with great care and with great concentration of meaning.
workings of international politics. This is a reflective and subtle
remarkably penetrating on the psychology of statesmen and the
new research or any radically new interpretation. But he is quite
temperate ground, and the author does not but forward the fruits of any
period 1815-32 for a detailed study of diplomatic method. It is
diplomatic conference. Mr. Klaasen has selected the classic
excitement in the complex and deceptive manoeuvres of a major
mechanical and scientific, but few will not find some intellectual
some people it is inadvisably human, for others insufficiently
Diplomatic history can be fascinating as well as boring. For

Weldenteld and Nicolson, 362 pages, 36c.
by Henry Klaasen

Problems of Peace, 1815-1832
A WORLD RESTORED: Metternich, Castlesberg and the

March 30, 1927

THE ECONOMIST

[L]C]

- 2 -

where Metternich failed the cards must have been stacked against him, but where he succeeded it was his own good play. The author sometimes assumes rather than demonstrates this good play, and he can make Napoleon by comparison appear something of a zany. The picture of a pathetic Napoleon trapped by a man of greater insight and elusiveness is overdone.

Exaggeration aside, Metternich is still one of the giants. He was the architect of a settlement which helped to keep Europe out of any major war for a century. Mr. Kissinger recognises that he was fighting for a losing cause and that he was outside and against "the spirit of the age." Metternich himself was aware not so much of his success as of impending disaster and of the fact that the attempt to preserve the _ancien regime_ in Austria might ultimately prove futile and sterile. For him, statesmanship was not the art of making concession at the proper time, but of avoiding any concession at all and hoping for the best. Other statesmen today, faced with the same question, can learn from his own mixture of success and failure.

failure.

the same question, can learn from his own mixture of success and
at all and hoping for the best. Other statesmen today, faced with
making concession at the proper time, but of avoiding any concession
above tittle and tittle. For him, statesmanship was not the art of
that the attempt to preserve the <u>ancient regime</u> in Austria might ultimately
not so much of his success as of impending disaster and of the fact
against "the spirit of the age." Metternich himself was aware
he was fighting for a losing cause and that he was outside and
out of any major war for a century. Mr. Kießinger recognizes that
He was the architect of a settlement which helped to keep Europe
exaggeration aside, Metternich is still one of the giants.

insight and elusiveness to overcome.

The picture of a bathetic Napoleon trapped by a man of greater
he can make Napoleon by comparison appear something of a sissy.
sometimes assumes rather than demonstrates this good play, and
him, but where he succeeded it was his own good play. The author
where Metternich failed the cards must have been stacked against

- 3 -

70 PINE STREET
NEW YORK 5

October 15, 1957

Dear Henry,

It was kind of you to send me
your new book on "A World Restored." I have
only had a chance to read around in it; but
the introduction alone makes it clear that
the effort was worth while. I really hope it
achieves the circulation of your other book
--in fact, more so. For your other book is
obviously being bought by a great many
people because the subject is timely, but
many of the buyers will not read it and many
who read it will not understand it. The hi-
story of the post-Napoleonic war settlements,
however, can be read and can be understood and
the conceptions could be of great use to states-
men today. That is, if there are any.

With kindest regards and my con-
gratulations, I am,

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger,
Rockefeller Bros. Fund,
22 West 55th Street,
New York, New York.

220 W. 19th St., NEW YORK 11, N.Y.
0988-3 3-8860

Cir. (7,356)

This Clipping From
BOOK REVIEW DIGEST
NEW YORK, N. Y.

DEC 1957

KISSINGER, HENRY ALFRED. World re-stored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the prob-lems of peace, 1812-22. 354p $6 Houghton 940.2 Europe-History. Europe-Politics

57-10969

A study of international politics in the at-tempts and achievements of European states-men to bring peace to their countries after the Napoleonic wars. Bibliography. Index.

"The reconstruction performed by Kissinger astonishes the reader by its insight, percep-tion and capacity to clarify the baffling in-congruities of diplomatic tactics. The captious may say the style is plodding and perhaps un-duly calculating but for the student of his-tory and politics, this book will be truly a feast."

+ Kirkus 25:707 S 15 '57 160w

Reviewed by Hans Kohn
NY Times p12 O 13 '57 650w

Reviewed by Christopher Hollis
Spec p451 Ap 5 '57 900w

"Mr. Kissinger tries to present Metternich as a hero, wise, courageous, foreseeing. All Metternich's contemporaries agree that he was vain, superficial, timid, sententious. Until now only Metternich has had a high opinion of Metternich. With Mr. Kissinger this makes two."

Times [London] Lit Sup p252 Ap 26 '57
850w

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57-10335

Chris' busy day involves words to fit the
letters of the alphabet in all the things she
does and sees from A for awakening to Y for
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Bookmark 17:14 O '57 30w

"A sprightly introduction to verse and to the
alphabet which will do its best to ease the way
into reading."

+ Kirkus 25:476 J1 15 '57 80w

"Delicate drawings in blue, yellow, green,
and gray by the author-artist combine with
a rhyming text to present a charming and un-
usual alphabet book for little girls." L. E.
Cathon

+ Library J 82:2693 O 15 '57 90w