"Is a warning involved? Is Mr. Brezhnev inquiring about
the hidden prospects of Belgrade-Peking rapprochement?
Or is he merely suggesting to Marshal Tito to sound the depths
of Washington's intentions toward China on the occasion
of the official visit which he is tentatively to make to Washington
this autumn?

"These three assumptions seem likely and they jibe. It is
thus possible that they were the subject of a document from
Mr. Brezhnev."

West German TV Coverage

West German television reported Moscow Pravda's reaction to President Nixon's announcement that he has accepted an invitation to go to Peking. The first network ran films showing U.S. students returning from Communist China.

A journalists' roundtable on the first TV network was devoted to the planned China visit. Participants were from Taiwan, South Vietnam, Great Britain, West Germany and the U.S. Participants agreed that no solution to the two-China issue was in sight.

The South Vietnamese participant, Phuc Vinh Phan, said that Hanoi and Saigon agree that "never in the course of history has China done anything for Vietnam. There is a deep historical conflict between the two countries and therefore this trip can do nothing for my country."

West Berlin: "U.S.-Soviet Meeting First?"

Independent Der Abend of West Berlin on Saturday cited reports that Washington is considering "a bilateral U.S.-Soviet meeting before Nixon's trip to Peking" as evidence that the U.S. is trying "not to defy the Kremlin unnecessarily by the possible improvement of relations between Washington and Peking." It continued:

"Nixon's trip to Peking... will only influence the climate of Sino-American relations for the near future, without altering the ground rules. By accepting Chinese admission to the U.N., Washington would only have climbed the base of a mountain set with obstacles to real normalization."

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Independent *Tagesspiegel* carried its chief editor's view on Saturday that Hanoi's reactions "show... that a solution to Vietnam will not automatically emerge from a China trip by Nixon. However, Hanoi's present insecurity at least balances the insecurity which America's Asian allies might feel about the new American policy toward China."

## Rome TV Notes Moscow's Reaction

State-run Italian TV's Moscow correspondent reported that for the first time since the joint announcement of the visit, "Pravda has taken a stand and admonished China. This is the Soviet Union's analysis of Sino-American rapprochement:

> "The Soviet State and Party will take into consideration all possible consequences of the contacts between Washington and Peking, says Pravda. The normalization of Sino-American relations should not exert pressure on the Soviet Union or her allies, should not be used against the international Communist movement and should not be conceived as a maneuver directed against other countries, mainly against Moscow."

## Austria: "Tito Can Advise Nixon"

Commenting on the announcement that President Tito will visit the U.S. in October, Socialist *Neue Zeit* of Graz yesterday carried a by-line writer's report that "in view of Belgrade's latest contacts with China... Tito will presumably be able to give Nixon some useful advice to facilitate his ideological understanding of Chinese policy."

Independent *Die Presse* of Vienna, in an article on Friday discussing the impact on Asian countries of the President's planned trip to Peking, said that public opinion in Japan "had been exerting pressure on the Government for a long time to normalize relations with Peking...."

"But if Sato acts now in the wake of Washington's move, national feelings will be hurt. Moreover, the Premier was not informed about Washington's shift, so Sato has lost face, with his party likely to suffer from this in the elections...."

"Increased cooperation with the Soviet Union surely would be more practical for New Delhi than an alliance of the weak. The Kremlin might be quite amenable to this, since it would fit in with the ever more obvious strategy of penetrating the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean in order to hold China at bay by a giant pincer movement from the south."

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Tokyo TV: "China's Neighbors Uneasy"

A commentator on public-financed NHK-TV asserted that although the world had welcomed a Nixon visit to Peking as a contribution to world peace, "the circumstances behind the visit are still unclear." He said this was the reason for "the air of uneasiness among the countries neighboring on China."

He thought it unlikely that the visit would lead to "an easy solution" of the Vietnam war, since Hanoi had taken "a critical stand towards Mr. Nixon's decision."

"Diet Failed to Restore Japan-China Relations"

Leading independent-liberal Asahi of Tokyo expressed regret today that because of "the poor leadership of the Sato Government," the special session of the Diet which ended on Saturday had failed to pass a resolution "calling for restoration of Japan-China diplomatic relations."

Nixon Visit to Japan?

Moderate Tokyo Shimbun today called for "top level talks between the U.S. and Japan... if possible through President Nixon's visit to Japan." Noting that no U.S. President has ever visited Japan, the paper asserted:

"We believe that such a visit is an indispensable condition for coping with the new multipolar influence structure in Asia....

"Since the Japanese want to support the President's decision of the century and his efforts towards a new Asian peace, there should not be too many people who would try to block an opportunity for the President to visit Japan to talk, not only to Japanese Government leaders but also to a broad range of the Japanese people."

Seoul: "No Discussions Without Consulting ROK"

Seoul news media played prominently a Foreign Ministry spokesman's statement that he thought the U.S. would "not discuss with any third country matters that may affect Korea's interests directly or indirectly, without prior consultations with the Korean Government," and that "the Korean Question can not be a subject of bargaining in the course of Sino-American rapprochement."

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Manila: Marcos Proposal of "Asian Summit"

Manila media headlined President Marcos' proposal for an Asian summit meeting to discuss the "pervasive and overwhelming effects of President Nixon's scheduled visit to Red China."

Papers also reported that the World Anti-Communist League, meeting in Manila, had adopted a resolution appealing to President Nixon to cancel his visit to Peking.

Sydney: "U.S. Could Not Have Consulted Asian Allies"

The prestigious _Sydney Morning Herald_ noted "the spate of tough statements that have emanated from Tokyo this week... over Washington's failure to consult Tokyo on President Nixon's... initiative." It commented:

"It is unrealistic to suppose that the U.S. could have consulted, in advance, Japan or any other of its Pacific allies."

"U.S. Must Tread Warily with USSR"

The influential _Canberra Times_ described the tone of the _Pravda_ commentary on Mr. Nixon's move as "conciliatory but cool." It observed:

"The announcement that President Nixon would go to China caught the USSR by surprise no less than it did America's friends and allies.... It is supremely important that President Nixon and his advisers not lose sight of the need to maintain good relations with the Russians.... If the Americans intend to use détente with China as a bargaining counter in negotiations with the Soviet Union, they will need to tread very warily indeed."

Bombay: "An Asian Nation Comes Of Age"

A columnist in the _Economic Times_ of Bombay wrote that "for the first time in recent history, an Asian nation... has 'come of age' by her own unaided endeavors, and has reached a position of such strength that even the superpowers have to respect her and seek her cooperation."

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# "Pie in the Sky in Peking"

The *Indian Express* of Bombay ran this editorial-page assessment:

> "With American public opinion no longer prepared to let the Administration launch any more Asian adventures, President Nixon has to resort once again to the old British concept of the balance of power....

> "Now it is Nixon's turn to repeat Nehru's blunders, sacrificing trusted friends and allies to snatch the pie in the sky in Peking."

# "Much Hard Bargaining Ahead"

The independent moderate *Statesman* of Calcutta and New Delhi predicted yesterday that "much hard bargaining will follow the extravaganza of Mr. Nixon's arrival in Peking." It suggested that "Hanoi's criticism" would make the bargaining still harder. It continued:

> "On the one hand... the Chinese leaders... seem to have concluded that a possible Japanese military threat, with Formosa and Taiwan as springboards, is more dangerous than the American presence in Vietnam, which in any case is steadily shrinking. On the other hand, they cannot go back on their commitment to the Vietnamese Communists without losing face among the revolutionary fraternity."

# Tehran: "Key to Peace in Peking or Vietnam?"

Influential pro-Government *Kayhan* of Tehran said solving the Vietnam war was one of Mr. Nixon's goals in his new China policy. But it argued:

> "If he seeks the key to Vietnam peace in Peking, we should say that the key is buried under huge difficulties and obstacles there, and removing them will be much harder than if the key were sought in Vietnam itself."

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Moscow: The Pravda Editorial

Soviet media ended ten days of hesitant, indirect and low-key comment on the announcement of Mr. Nixon's planned visit to Peking with a long and authoritative editorial in *Pravda* yesterday which was also broadcast by Moscow radio domestic service and carried in advance of publication by TASS.

It said in part:

> "Nixon's statement is intensively publicized by circles close to the U.S. Government as an expression of Washington's 'peace-making' line. But there is a great gap between the words and the deeds of U.S. ruling circles. In fact, the U.S. continues to wage an aggressive war in Indochina, supports the Israeli extremists, and prevents a relaxation of tension in Europe. It is not by chance that the contacts with Peking are also regarded by many in the U.S. as a continuation of precisely this reactionary anti-Communist course..."

The editorial said that assessments of Peking-Washington contacts by the U.S. press and public figures have been diverse, even "diametrically opposed," but they express a common "satisfaction over the opportunity for normalizing relations between the PRC and the U.S. However, the reasons for the satisfaction are, again, very different."

Some, it said, see the move as "a sign of a turn toward realism in the policy of the U.S. Administration.... It is noted also that the invitation for Nixon to visit Peking is probably testimony to the desire of the Chinese leadership to take up a special position on the international scene through rapprochement with a number of capitalist states..."

"Reactionary anti-Communist circles," it asserted, "link the Sino-American contacts with their intention of undermining the unity of anti-imperialist forces, of weakening the positions of world socialism."

The editorial concluded a roundup of selected world press comment, drawing heavily on East European and local Communist organs, with this judgment:

> "All the progressive, peace-loving forces show keen attention and vigilance with respect to the maneuvers of certain circles which would like to use normalization of Sino-American relations

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to the detriment of the interests of socialism, the inter-
national Communist and working-class movement, and the
peoples struggling against imperialist aggression.

"Nobody in the Soviet Union sees in the Sino-American contacts any cause for sensation. Soviet people regard these contacts from the viewpoint of the Marxist-Leninist analysis of the international situation and the basic tendencies of its development that was made at the 24th Congress of the CPSU...

"Of course, the further development of events will better
reveal the true intentions of Peking and Washington. Our Party
and state will take into account all the possible consequences
of the Sino-American contacts.

"It goes without saying that any designs to use the contacts between Peking and Washington for any kind of 'pressure' on the Soviet Union or on the states of the socialist community are nothing but the result of a loss of touch with reality."

Peking Attacks on "U.S. Imperialism"

Peking media continued to attack "U.S. imperialism," "the Nixon Government," and "the Nixon Administration" in connection with Mr. Laird's recent trip to Asia, the visits to China of high-level Algerian and Sierra Leone delegations, and in support of the Viet Cong's seven-point "peace proposal."

And as broadcast by Peking radio domestic service yesterday, a message of greeting from Chou En-lai to Fidel Castro said in part: "The Chinese Government and people will, as they always have in the past, resolutely fight alongside the Cuban people, and we will learn from each other, support each other and carry the struggle to defeat the U.S. aggressors and all their running dogs through the end."

Communist Chinese media have, however, refrained from attacking President Nixon personally, and they have given no further attention to the announcement of his planned visit to Peking.

Hanoi, VC Media: Still Silent

Hanoi and Viet Cong media remained silent on the prospective visit.

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... Western Europe, p. 2

... Asia, p. 8

... India, Pakistan, p. 13

... Communist Countries, p. 15

PEKING TRIP: IMPLICATIONS, REPERCUSSIONS

Summary

Overseas media attention to Sino-U.S. relations focused on implications and repercussions of President Nixon's dramatic announcement two weeks ago that he had accepted an invitation to go to Peking.

Figaro of Paris said that "the fallout from President Nixon's July 15 'Chinese bombshell' still is hardly perceptible." But it thought the announcement had bought time for the Administration in taking a position on the Viet Cong's "seven-point" plan at the Paris talks.

Some news interest attached to the arrival of Huang Hua as Peking's Ambassador to Canada. The London *Daily Telegraph* said he was "emerging as the key figure in American-Chinese diplomatic discussions in preparation for President Nixon's visit to Peking."

Most comment centered on concerns of Asian nations about their future in an altered world power balance:

--The *Times* of London said "Mr. Nixon's plan to visit China is already sending tremors through the political life of Japan."

--An Austrian weekly, *Die Furche*, said the trip announcement had produced "euphoria in Europe and the U.S. but disenchantment in Asia."

--Leading *Asahi* of Tokyo said the visit plan had "dealt a staggering blow" to Premier Sato's Government.

--Seoul's *Kyunghyang Shinmun* today expressed concern that if Korea is discussed in Peking, "the U.S. is more likely to make concessions on the Korean issue than on questions concerning Indochina and Taiwan."

--A *Philippines Herald* columnist reported "deep anxiety over the long-range implications of the trip... should the U.S. agree to a complete withdrawal from the area..."

Moscow TASS reported an *Izvestia* article which termed "very relative" the "suddenness" and "unexpectedness" of the "rapprochement" between Washington and Peking. Peking, avoiding any personal attack on President Nixon, attacked the Administration and "U.S. imperialism."

* * *

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Paris: "Mr. Nixon Does Not Intend to Rush Things"

Today's moderately conservative Figaro of Paris carried a report by its Washington correspondent that "two weeks after the event, the fallout from President Nixon's July 15 'Chinese bombshell' still is hardly perceptible.

"The White House is maintaining total secrecy, for once, on the Chou-Kissinger talks....

"On the eve of the famous TV message to the nation, the entire liberal opposition, widely echoed in the press, still was urging the Chief Executive to take a position immediately on the new Communist peace proposals stated in Mrs. Binh's seven-point plan. Now all that appears to have been totally forgotten.

"Without raising a general outcry, the White House was able ... to confirm that Mr. Bruce would leave his post on August 1 and would be replaced by his successor, Mr. Porter, only a few weeks later. This unequivocally means that there is no longer any question of negotiating in Paris before the October 3 South Vietnamese elections, or before the Chinese take the initiative to permit an enlargement of the conference, regardless of the opposition of their allies in Hanoi.

"And by the sole magic of the announcement of the mysterious visit to China, everyone here appears to find this quite natural...

"Obsessed by the potential Soviet menace, China is interested in facilitating an orderly departure of U.S. troops from Vietnam and also in granting Chiang Kai-shek some respite....

"Has all this already been solved between Kissinger and Chou En-lai? Is it to be negotiated in the days to come through Mr. Huang Hua, the new Chinese Ambassador to Canada? Nothing permits us to say so thus far. What is clear is that Mr. Nixon does not intend to rush things."

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# "Facing Up to the Chinese Reality"

A by-line writer in intellectual-left *Combat* of Paris remarked that "no one can deny that Nixon has lent substance to his remarks on the era of negotiation which was to replace the era of confrontation.... One now understands why he remained so serene in the face of the Viet Cong's seven-point plan."

"What American President can hope to do better?.... The man who in the 1950s was the leader of the lobby against Communist China has decided to face up to the Chinese reality.... The man whose principal goal was to contain the USSR and arrive at a compromise with the Kremlin has not hesitated to put into a cold sweat those Soviet leaders who now receive the bitter news that Mr. Nixon's journey for peace will lead him not to Moscow but to Peking.... Mr. Nixon is now a virtually unbeatable candidate...."

Yesterday the paper carried a by-line writer's view that no further progress was to be expected at the Paris talks in view of President Nixon's announcement that he will go to Peking.

Financial *Les Echos* observed on Wednesday that "difficulties have been piling up in the past few weeks for the leaders in the Kremlin. Passing over the tragic failure of the Soyuz experiment, the most serious blow has been the announcement of President Nixon's visit to China."

## Radio: "Obviously" Nothing Further at Paris

Commercial Europe One radio asserted yesterday that from the time of the announcement of the Nixon visit, it had become "obvious" that there was nothing to be expected from the Paris talks on Vietnam.

## London: "Bumpy Road to Peking"

The conservative London *Daily Telegraph* reported yesterday:

"Mr. Huang Hua, the new Chinese Ambassador to Canada, is emerging as the key figure in American-Chinese diplomatic discussions in preparation for President Nixon's visit to Peking. Many of the contacts over the Nixon trip will be conducted through the Chinese Embassy in Ottawa, according to officials in Washington. No contacts have been made as yet..."

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The paper asserted that "the road to Peking is expected to be a bumpy one and Mr. Nixon and Dr. Kissinger have issued strict instructions that there is to be no official response to any public statements about the talks that the Chinese make during the next few months."

Today's independent *Times* of London reported that the U.S. had "ended spy flights over China so as to avoid any incident that might upset President Nixon's forthcoming visit to Peking. Administration officials had no immediate comment on the report in *The New York Times* but it appeared logical that such a step should be ordered."

*"Sends Tremors Through Japan"*

Yesterday the paper observed that "Mr. Nixon's plan to visit China is already sending tremors through the political life of Japan. Mr. Sato, the Prime Minister, had a bad time in the Diet Monday defending the absence of diplomatic relations with Peking. His defense seemed to lack conviction, which was understandable, for Japan can scarcely continue for very long with a policy which made sense only as an extension of American policy...."

"Gradually Japan is bound to emerge in Asia with political and perhaps even military power commensurate with her economic power. How this power will be used is still a question."

The paper said in a story from Tokyo on Tuesday that "political pundits" there were talking of the possibility of Mr. Sato's resignation "before the year is out."

*"Unsettling Question of Japan's Future"*

The influential weekly London *Economist*, out today, stated:

"The news that President Nixon is going to Peking has stirred up a flurry among the politicians in Tokyo and has put the Prime Minister in a difficult position. It looks as if Mr. Nixon has inadvertently put his foot through two central planks in Mr. Sato's policy, his refusal to have diplomatic dealings with Peking and his faith in the American alliance as the basis for Japanese security..."

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The weekly declared that "the fact that the Nixon trip was sprung as a total surprise has provided a useful debating point for chauvinists on both right and left who decry the present relationship between Japan and the U.S. Some of them have called for a policy of 'armed neutrality' that raises a very big and most unsettling question about Japan's future....

"The question remains: Would the emergence of Japan as a military superpower tilt the strategic balance in favor of the West? The memory of the 'Asian co-prosperity sphere' will deter over-optimistic predictions....

"It would be extraordinary... if the Japanese did not feel compelled in the course of the 1970s to behave as a great power in the political and military as well as the narrowly economic sense."

Frankfurt: "Game of Three Superpowers"

Right-center Frankfurter Allgemeine asserted on Tuesday that the emergence of "three poles of power" in the world "is producing a basic change" in international relations. It continued:

"The medium and small states, which would have preferred an end to the age in which world politics is determined by two competing powers forced into coexistence, are disappointed by recent developments. Whether forming a triangle or an axis, the big powers act over the heads of the small.

"Ties such as those between Washington and Taipei, or Peking and Hanoi, may temporarily slow down decisions by the great powers without, however, staving them off permanently. Nevertheless, a game among three superpowers leaves the others with more latitude than they would have by dealing with two."

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# "U.S. Has Given Green Light on China"

A number of West German commentators in the past week have called upon Bonn to follow President Nixon's example by seeking to normalize relations with Communist China. Such prestigious papers as *Die Welt* of Hamburg and *Frankfurter Allgemeine* argued that more active contacts between Bonn and Peking would cause Moscow to be more forthcoming on Berlin.

Dieter Cycon complained in right-center *Die Welt* on Tuesday that "even though the U.S. now has given the green light, the Federal Government refrains from acting in the German interest." He suggested that the FRG "seek rapprochement with China with EEC assistance; that the West European countries formulate a joint China policy, and that the FRG avail itself of mediation by West European states maintaining ties with China.

"The first step could be a Sino-German trade agreement, to be followed by diplomatic ties. This would be our only diplomatic bond with a Communist state for which we do not have to pay heavily, and which may even prove profitable."

# "Sino-German Relations Would Do No Good"

On the other hand, Bonn's independent *General-Anzeiger* reported yesterday:

"Bonn Government circles said yesterday that Bonn-Peking ties do not have priority in German foreign policy. The activation of Sino-German relations now would certainly not do any good. It would not support America's quest for an accommodation with China, but it would interfere with efforts to bring about detente in Europe and to solve the Berlin problem. Furthermore, it would weaken Bonn's position toward Moscow.

"The FRG cannot pursue great-power politics, and it must seek its place in an international configuration established by others."

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Rome TV: "Hanoi Fearful of Superpower Agreement"

Italian TV last night cited "reliable Western sources" as saying that Communist China and the USSR were strengthening forces along their common border, and noted that "the U.S. has meanwhile halted all spy flights... over Communist China to avoid incidents that might have repercussions on Nixon's trip."

On Wednesday night, television reported that "Le Duc Tho has left for Moscow, confirming that the Paris talks are stalemated until Porter gets there, and that Hanoi is interested in analyzing 'in depth' with the Soviets the prospects opened by the announcement of Nixon's trip to China.

"This turn of events has made Hanoi fearful that the superpowers may come to an agreement at the expense of the Indochinese."

"Much Will Depend on Way Trip Is Prepared"

Left-center La Stampa of Turin ran a page-one editorial titled, "Nixon Between Russians and Chinese--America's New Risks." It said:

"It will be advantageous to include China among the great powers, but it will not be easy for America to talk to Moscow on one side and to Peking on the other.... Nixon's lot may be success or a failure worse than Johnson's. Much will depend on the way the trip is prepared and on unforeseeable events once it is ascertained that influences on Hanoi change with the circumstances, and that Vietnam is the theater of the Sino-Soviet dispute, which has so influenced the Americans.... Vietnam will be the most dramatic test for the three powers..."

Vienna: "Distrust, Fear"

A Far Eastern affairs writer stated in the Austrian Catholic weekly *Die Furchte* that President Nixon's announcement of the invitation created "euphoria in Europe and the U.S. but disenchantment in Asia....

"Distrustful and fearful, Washington's allies have watched their big partner grow tired.... The prestige of the U.S. in Asia has sunk to a low point....

"Washington's staunchest ally, Japan, has lost face; Sato will not run for re-election.... India feels left in the lurch, betrayed, duped.... Distrust has assumed mammoth proportions these days--everywhere in Asia, in anti-Communist countries, in neutral states and in Communist circles outside China."

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Tokyo: "PM Irritated"

Independent-moderate Yomiuri of Tokyo headlined today:

"PRIME MINISTER IRRITATED AT U.S. 'END-RUN'
DIPLOMACY: Inconsistent With Morals of the Orient"

The story said that Mr. Sato, during negotiations last Saturday with special envoy David Kennedy on trade liberalization of textiles and shoes, had countered by referring to Mr. Nixon's planned China visit. According to Yomiuri, Mr. Sato said:

"There are some things which America itself should reconsider before denouncing Japan.... It is natural that diplomacy should be conducted in secret. However, there should have been earlier notification to our country, which has hitherto emphasized friendship.... The U.S. Government's step this time is inconsistent with the morals of the Orient."

The paper also reported that today's issue of the Japanese Communist Party organ Akahata would carry "an editorial to the effect that President Nixon's visit to Japan should not be permitted."

Yesterday the paper reported that a Foreign Ministry source had denied as "absolutely not true" press reports that Japanese overseas diplomatic missions had received "instructions" to establish contacts with Chinese missions in order to sound out the possibility of a Sato visit to China.

The paper added, however:

"According to the same Foreign Ministry source, unofficial contacts with the Chinese side have hitherto been maintained in Paris and elsewhere. There is a strong possibility that such contacts will be established in Canada, Burma, and Pakistan..."

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# "A Staggering Blow"

Leading independent liberal _Asahi_ of Tokyo commented on Wednesday:

> "The visit by President Nixon to the People's Republic of China, announced over the heads of the Sato Cabinet, dealt a staggering blow to the Premier's Government, which only recently carried out a Cabinet reshuffle in which the main emphasis was on improving U. S. -Japan cooperation."

## "U. S. Acted For U. S. Reasons"

Business-oriented _Sankei_ on Wednesday criticized opposition attacks against the Government. It said, "They advocate the broad concept of restoration of Japan-China relations...without presenting a definite policy." The paper argued:

> "The problems facing Japan and China are more complex than those between the U. S. and China.... The U. S. decided on President Nixon's visit to China because of U. S. circumstances, and China accepted... because of Chinese circumstances...."

> "The Sato Government does not seem to have a trump card on China diplomacy. If negotiations take place without a trump card, Japan will be forced to make one-sided concessions and this will not serve Japan's real national interest."

## TV: Foreign Ministry on U. N. Entry

Public-financed NHK-TV reported on Wednesday that Acting Foreign Minister Kimura, "in the first expression of opinion by a Japanese Government leader on the prospects of Peking's membership in the U. N.," had said his Ministry believed Peking's entry this fall would be "impossible to block," but that Japan wanted Taiwan to keep its seat in the U. N.

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## Seoul: "U.S. More Likely to Concede on Korea"

Pro-Government Kyunghyang Shinmun of Seoul expressed concern today that if the Sino-American summit meeting does consider the Korean Question, "the U.S. is more likely to make concessions on the Korean issue than on questions concerning Indochina and Taiwan."

Media yesterday played reports attributed to high Government sources that Seoul had informed Washington that it should not deal with Peking on any matters affecting Korea's security or reunification "without due prior consultation with the Korean Government."

## "If U.S. Can Maintain Balance..."

Leading independent Donga Ilbo commented in a broader vein today:

> "If the U.S. is successful in maintaining a balance in its relations with both China and the Soviet Union, without leaning toward either of the two, it will find itself in a more advantageous position in its global relations."

## Manila: Marcos Proposal For Asian "Summit"

Manila papers gave inside coverage to President Marcos' proposal for an Asian summit meeting to discuss Mr. Nixon's planned Peking visit, reporting favorable reactions from Djakarta and Bangkok, and noting that Foreign Minister Romulo would take up the proposal at the U. N.

## "Deep Anxiety... Endangered Stability"

A columnist in the Philippines Herald wrote yesterday that the "deep anxiety over the long-range implications of the trip... stems from two facts: The endangered stability of the Southeast Asian nations, should the U.S. agree to a complete withdrawal from the area, and... the large, thriving and dynamic Chinese communities spread all over Asia... whose loyalty could easily shift from Taipei to Peking."

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"Expect Shift in Philippine-U.S. Relations"

In the leading *Manila Times*, a columnist declared:

> "With the U. S. making overtures to try to penetrate the China market and to work out a passably honorable exit from Vietnam, a shift in Philippine-American relations--for so many years founded on the grand doctrine of anti-Communism and 'containing' China--can be expected."

Sydney: McMahon's China Speech

Leading Australian newspapers commented yesterday on Prime Minister McMahon's Wednesday speech in Melbourne on China policy.

The leading political writer for the influential *Australian Financial Review* of Sydney called it "a watershed in Australian foreign policy" which could bring "a definite end to Australia's involvement in Vietnam and a bipartisan policy towards China... likely to defuse foreign affairs entirely as an election issue."

The independent *Australian* of Canberra, under the title, "Somewhat Faster Boat to China," said the "key phrase" in the speech was the statement, "and neither will we seek by any procedural device to exclude Peking." The paper said this indicated "a most dramatic change... in the Government's China policy."

The prestigious *Sydney Morning Herald* welcomed the speech, "particularly ... the assurance that... Chinese responses indicate that Peking is 'positively interested' in establishing diplomatic relations....

> "He has made it clear that... normalization of relations with China is a major objective, with our concern for Taiwan as a reservation.... This is one occasion when Australia has not waited for an American decision before announcing its own intentions. That, too, is welcome."

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The paper, in an earlier editorial titled "Growl From The Bear," observed that "Moscow has broken the chilly silence with which it received the news of President Nixon's initiative to utter a low growl of warning against any anti-Russian Sino-American alignment.

"Such a development belongs to sheer fantasy, as even the Russian neurosis should acknowledge."

### New Zealand: "Fear, Suspicion, and SALT"

The *Press* of Christchurch, New Zealand commented yesterday that Moscow had "taken time to weigh the implications of the invitation" and that "the angry Russian reaction must have been expected both in Washington and Peking....

"It will be sad if Russian fears or suspicions of American and Chinese motives lead to the virtual abandonment of the SALT debate. This is more than a possibility...."

### Bangkok: "Could Lead to Nuclear Arms Limitation"

*Prachitipatai* of Bangkok argued today:

"Should America and Communist China 'shake hands,' it might result in Russia's feeling the pressure to reach agreement on problems... such as the limitation of nuclear weapons."

### "Asian Nations Still Threatened"

A columnist in the *Bangkok World* concluded today that "ping-pong diplomacy will not provide the solution for our immediate problems.... Asian nations are still threatened."

Similarly a columnist in top-circulation *Thai Rath* wrote, "Should the two giants become reconciled, all the small countries that have been following in the footsteps of America will have to change their attitudes to a greater or lesser extent. They will not be able to oppose Red China on their own."

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Another column in the paper maintained:

> "The political leaders of the Democratic Party, most of whom espouse an antiwar policy, have become persons of almost no meaning for the American people as a result of President Nixon's decision to visit Peking."

> **New Delhi: "India a Second String to U. S. Bow?"**

The independent *Hindustan Times* of New Delhi asserted on Wednesday that "the U. S. attitude toward India and Pakistan is perhaps best explained in terms of Washington's evaluation of its global relations with China and the Soviet Union.

> "The U. S. has for some time been gradually moving towards a detente with China, partly as a result of increasing weariness with the Vietnam war. Nevertheless, China can only be a long-term threat to the U. S. in the 1980's, the immediate threat being the only other superpower, the USSR, which is feared to be expanding south into the Mediterranean, West Asia and the Indian Ocean.

> "The Soviet Union may be expected to counter a Sino-U. S. rapprochement as best it can, by further strengthening its relations with Delhi, among other things. Could it be to neutralize India that both the U. S. and China wish to bolster Islamabad in order to promote an artificial balance of power in the subcontinent as in the past?...

> "... The U. S. possibly also does see India (apart from Japan) as the principal countervailing economic and political power to China in Asia--in the long run. But this is probably envisaged as a second string to the American bow that can be tied later. Nothing else can explain the extreme cynicism of U. S. policy towards the subcontinent."

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## Pakistan: "Yahya Khan's Good Offices"

The *Pakistan Times* of Lahore, referring today to the "facilitating role" which President Yahya Khan played in Dr. Kissinger's visit to Peking, cited the *Baltimore Sun* as suggesting that President Nixon meet with President Yahya Khan before going to Peking. It concluded:

> "So long as the two powers do not reach a concrete agreement for a final and complete reconciliation of their points of view, the good offices of our President Yahya will remain needed and available."

## Cairo: "Sino-U.S. Ties Would Help Middle East"

Editor Haykal of Cairo's semi-official *al-Ahram* observed today that "U.S. - PRC rapprochement, manifested in Nixon's forthcoming visit to Peking...in addition to its effect on the world balance of power and the chances of peace in Asia...would have a positive effect on the Middle East."

Haykal reasoned that "if the Southeast Asia problem is solved, then the Middle East problem will be the only focal problem in the international arena and attention will be concentrated on it.

> "This will be true especially if the USSR feels that a deal in Asia is being made behind its back, a matter which will make it take a firmer stand in the Middle East..."

## Rabat: "U.S. Considering New Spheres of Influence"

The opposition Istiqlal Party's daily *al-Alam* of Rabat said on Tuesday:

> "It would be far from an exaggeration to say that by accepting the visit, Mao insured President Nixon's re-election. Consequently he has secured the pursuit of a pre-defined American policy toward Asia for another four years."

> "At the moment, the U.S. is considering the possibility of the creation of a situation in Southeast Asia similar to that prevailing in Europe, that is, dividing the region by an imaginary line which would define spheres of influence of the U.S., China and Japan."

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Moscow: "Very Relative 'Rapprochement'"

TASS's international service circulated an article published in Wednesday's *Izvestia*, which observed that "the temptation has evidently arisen for some circles to engage in speculation concerning possible agreements between Washington and Peking and their influence on the situation in Asia and the Far East and on the international situation as a whole."

The paper termed "very relative" the "suddenness...unexpectedness" of the "rapprochement" between Washington and Peking. "In their activities in the international arena," the author declared, "there has existed for a few years a tacit agreement of a kind between Washington and Peking, concerning a number of spheres where their interests are likely to clash.

"Few people take seriously nowadays the periodic sallies of Peking propaganda against U.S. policy. As far as the U.S. is concerned, anti-Chinese propaganda has not only practically died down in that country, but it has even been replaced by various benevolent declarations. It is worth noting that this 'benevolence' has grown noticeably every time Peking has activated its hostile actions against the Soviet Union.

"Analyzing the objective conditions of the secret flight to Peking by the U.S. President's special assistant, one finds that both sides have failed to show any wish to reassess critically their initial positions of foreign policy. The U.S. Government continues to carry out its aggressive policy in Indochina and is not preparing to take the road toward a political settlement. Nor does anything on the Chinese side point to any tendency toward a revision of Peking's conceptions and stands which, as experience has shown, threaten peace and run counter to the interests of the peace-loving peoples.

"The progressive, peace-loving public would like to hope that an improvement in relations between the PRC and the U.S. will lead to real normalization in the interests of easing international tension and settling acute international problems....

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"Any combinations, any development of relations with one set of countries at the expense of the interests of another, are alien to the Soviet Union....

"The CPSU Central Committee and the Soviet Government are doing everything they can to achieve the normalization of relations with the PRC, and are ready to contribute by every means to the reestablishment of good neighbor relations and friendship between the two countries. In its relations with the U.S., the USSR, without overlooking the U.S.' aggressive actions in various parts of the world, proceeds from the principle that an improvement in Soviet-American relations is possible under conditions of a real wish on the American side to solve problems at the negotiating table, and not from a 'position of strength.'"

"Massive Buildup for Trip"

TASS yesterday circulated a report from Washington which called U.S. "evasion" on the Viet Cong proposal in Paris an "aggressive maneuver." The report then referred to the "massive propaganda buildup" of President Nixon's planned trip to Peking, and asked why American newspapers were calling it a "peace trip." The report continued:

"This question is now being asked by many commentators now getting over a certain embarrassment. Indeed, the U.S. is waging war, not in China, where the President is going, but in Vietnam, and the White House has not said a word about the end of the war in Vietnam."

The report said that the "only way" to end the Vietnam war "honorably" was "serious talks" in Paris.

Another TASS report from Washington on Wednesday said Ambassador Bruce's replacement was "a deliberate move to play down the importance of the Paris talks."

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Peking: Attacks on Administration Continue

Peking media have not elaborated on their original announcement of the visit.
Refraining from any personal attack on President Nixon, routine propaganda
has continued.

Thus Peking NCNA noted today that the U.S. budget deficit had "soared to 23 billion dollars," and attributed this "grave financial crisis" to "the Nixon Administration's... policies of aggression and war."

Yesterday, NCNA attacked Secretary Laird's recent visit to Japan and South Korea, charging that "U.S. imperialism, badly battered by the heroic Indochinese people, is vigorously stepping up its collusion with the...reactionary chieftains of Japan and South Korea."

Hanoi, VC: Mme Binh Accusations

Hanoi's Vietnam News Agency and the clandestine Liberation Press Agency, reporting yesterday's session of the Paris talks, emphasized that Mme Binh had "strongly accused the Nixon Administration of persisting in its negative attitude toward the seven-point proposal."

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SECRETARY ROGERS ON CHINA SEATING IN U.N.

Summary

Overseas media generally welcomed Secretary Rogers' announcement that the U.S. will support the seating of mainland China in the U.N. while opposing the expulsion of Nationalist China as "a logical followup" to President Nixon's decision to go to Peking.

At the same time a substantial number of observers voiced skepticism about the U.S. position, based in most instances on Peking's and Taipei's stated opposition to a "two-China" concept. Some doubted that the U.S. could prevent the expulsion of Taiwan, while others thought the U.S. might even be prepared to see the Republic of China out of the U.N.

Editorialists in Great Britain and France suggested that Henry Kissinger reached an understanding with the PRC on the U.N. seating issue during his talks in Peking. Their assumption was that neither side wants to jeopardize a Sino-American rapprochement.

These views also emerged in extensive comment:

- The decision marks an important and "realistic shift" in U.S. policy that "sets the stage" for Mr. Nixon's planned visit to Peking.

- The U.S. position may have been designed to allow Peking and Taipei to settle the representation issue themselves.

- The question of Chinese seating is likely to produce a "stormy" U.N. session this autumn.

In Japan, Tokyo Shimbun and Sankei approved the U.S. statement but Asahi said it would be "very dangerous" for Japan to "blindly follow" the U.S. move because of PRC and ROC opposition to a two-China arrangement.

Peking NCNA contended today that Secretary Rogers was "flagrantly playing the 'two Chinas' plot.... In so doing, he vainly tries to continue to obstruct the restoration to the PRC of all her legitimate rights in the U.N..."

Moscow TASS carried a brief, factual account of the announcement. Monitored Hanoi and Viet Cong broadcasts have not mentioned it.

* * *

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London: "Looks Like a Fair and Logical Solution"

Today's independent London *Financial Times* asserted that "the U.S. decision to support the admission of the People's Republic of China to the U.N. this autumn while simultaneously opposing the expulsion of the Chinese Nationalists looks...like a fair and logical solution to a problem which has been plaguing the world for far too long....

"The U.S. has evidently decided that those who take this position are numerous enough to provide support for a 'two-China' motion which would not only present an appearance of fairness but would also let Washington off the hook represented by its developing relationship with Peking and its traditional commitment to Taipei."

Nevertheless, the paper said, "the U.S. proposal is...vitiated by two very serious objections.... The first is that it appears to violate the terms of the U.N. Charter .... The second objection is that Peking will certainly refuse to enter the U.N. while the Nationalist delegation retains its seat....

"If no solution to the problem is available, Washington should not delude itself that it can produce one by the exercise of American diplomacy on the parties concerned. In the long run it is clear that the People's Republic will have to be a member of the U.N., and that it will have to be the sole occupant of the Chinese seat in both the General Assembly and Security Council.

"The future of Taiwan is more doubtful, both with regard to the U.N. and to the internal situation on the island itself. It cannot be solved by pretending that two governments have an equal claim to represent China."

The paper's Washington correspondent reported today that "the U.S... is said to have acknowledged privately that it is touch and go whether Taiwan can retain representation."

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Yesterday the paper stated:

"Given President Nixon's intention of visiting Peking and his basic desire to deal seriously with the Chinese Communists, Wednesday's statement was hardly unexpected. It nevertheless marks a considerable volte-face from the early days of his Presidency."

"Gradual Shift in U.S. Thinking"

The independent *Times* of London commented today, "An American vote for China at this year's U.N. General Assembly would be welcomed in any case by all those who think that the omission of the world's largest country makes nonsense of a supposedly universal body. But after the excitement of Dr. Kissinger's secret visit and President Nixon's invitation to Peking, the announcement in Washington will be seen in the context of a changed American relationship with China, with all that could entail for the neighbors of China...."

"The change must mean a gradual shift in American thinking from de jure recognition of the so-called Republic of China in Taiwan to de facto recognition, since the argument for having both governments represented in the U.N. is a de facto one...."

"It must be inferred that a majority in the U.N. is expected this year for the policy that the Americans now favor but that, if in the future this majority melts away, the Americans would accept the changed realities."

The paper judged yesterday that "although expected," Mr. Rogers' announcement "is of historic importance."

"It is the most significant step so far in President Nixon's steady drive to normalize relations with China. It sets the stage for his coming visit to Peking and is almost certainly a prelude to the establishment of full diplomatic relations at some future date."

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"A Workable Compromise"

The liberal _Guardian_ of Manchester and London yesterday called the decision "a logical followup to the surprise announcement that President Nixon is to visit Peking. It represents a welcome change in policy, but it comes only just in time to save the U.S. from humiliation...."

"The formula the U.S. has settled for is a workable compromise.... The U.S. appears also to be leaving China and Formosa to find their own levels of representation in the U.N."

The paper's diplomatic correspondent wrote, "It is expected that the British Government will not support the Americans on the Formosa issue when the admission of China comes up at the autumn session of the General Assembly...."

"There is satisfaction in London at the Americans' decision to recognize realities in Asia and to face the need to have the Chinese seat in the U.N. Security Council occupied by the delegate of those who hold real power on the mainland. But this appreciation, and the concept of a special relationship between London and Washington which President Nixon revived... does not mean that Britain is prepared to adopt a deferential attitude on the issue..."

"A Whiff of Equivocation About It"

The conservative London _Daily Telegraph_ commented today:

"America's undertaking...to support Peking's admission to the U.N. but to resist Formosa's expulsion has a whiff of equivocation about it. For there is no sign that either Peking or Formosa would accept such a two-China policy..."

However, the paper suggested that "it is hardly likely that a professional like Mr. Kissinger would spend three days in Peking with Chou En-lai...without reaching an understanding on such lethal booby-traps as U.N. membership and Formosa--the Vietnam war, too, for that matter."

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"The hard line that Peking is putting out just now on all these matters should perhaps be taken to some extent at its face-saving value. Just how far down the river America will be obliged to sell Formosa when the time comes...remains to be seen."

The paper said in a story from Washington that "experts" here predicted that "seating Communist China at the U.N. would be a complex constitutional and political matter and might not be achieved until autumn next year." The report continued:

"The 'tactics' employed by the Americans may turn out to include a fair measure of cajolery and arm-twisting. Almost overnight Formosa has changed from being a useful counter to Communist expansion into a pawn..."

### TV: "Taiwan Will Go Out"

BBC-TV's popular "Twenty-Four Hours" program last night carried an interview with Chiang Kai-shek by CBS correspondent Morley Safer. In a studio discussion after the interview, Robert MacFarquar, a writer on Chinese affairs, speculated on mainland China's seating in the U.N.

MacFarquar stated that "it would be very difficult to imagine...now that America changes her tune, that other people are going to stem the tide" of Peking's admission. Moderator Ludovic Kennedy declared, "What you're saying is that Communist China will get in and Taiwan will be thrown to the wolves." MacFarquar replied, "Yes, Taiwan will automatically go out."

### Paris: "Washington Unable to Choose"

Elite Le Monde of Paris said yesterday that Washington was unable to choose between "the perfectly irreconcilable theses of Taipei and Peking." The paper said it could not see how such a "Solomon-like judgment" could contribute to solving the U.N. representation problem. It suggested that Peking must have known in advance of Washington's position "and decided not to make it an obstacle to rapprochement already underway."

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"Deliberately Ambiguous"

Moderately-conservative Figaro of Paris declared yesterday that Secretary Rogers "deliberately took a very ambiguous stand." It saw in this "a convincing sign that Kissinger and Chou En-lai agreed that the U.N. issue would not be an obstacle to the opening of a constructive dialogue." It suggested that Peking was "ready to wait a bit outside the U.N. in exchange for the satisfaction of seeing its rights recognized by a majority...and its prestige raised" by the Nixon visit.

Today the paper carried a by-line writer's view that "judging by the manner" of the Rogers announcement, "it is clear that the safest way to make headway in this somber matter is practically to mark time."

"Oddly enough, it is not this crucial point which is being raised in Peking today, but the other, the Indochinese question. And their not so daring intent here is not just to mark time but probably to do a reverse march...."

"The cost of Mr. Nixon's plane fare to Peking is likely to go up."

## Rumor of Early China Trip

The paper's Washington correspondent asked today:

"Is President Nixon already packing secretly for the grand trip to Peking? This rumor in any event has been spreading insistently for the past 48 hours in certain Republican Congressional circles known for their close connections with the White House."

The writer said diplomatic observers who had believed the President would go to Peking only after the U.N. debate on China "are much less certain of this now" since Mr. Rogers defined the U.S. attitude.

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"This attitude, which is very ambiguous to say the least, is bound to give rise to a bitter debate on procedure in the General Assembly that certainly will not contribute to a favorable climate for the grand Sino-American summit."

"Would not Mr. Nixon, then, be much better advised if he tried to open the discussion of major problems with the Chinese leaders before the Taiwan question can once again poison the atmosphere of a dialogue he found so difficult to initiate? This indeed seems logical, but it remains advisable to remember that logic and speculation do not always get on well together."

A writer in moderate-right *Aurore* yesterday foresaw "dissatisfaction among America's Far East allies, particularly Japan, and in the Soviet Union, as well as on the U.S. domestic scene, where an important segment of American public opinion disapproves of Nixon's moves."

## "Sensational Decision"

The most enthusiastic French reaction was from moderate-left *Combat* of Paris, which saw the Rogers announcement as one of a series of "sensational decisions" that show how far the U.S. is willing to go in new directions and with what care President Nixon is preparing his trip, "almost scientifically." The paper said Mr. Nixon "has the great gift of understanding the importance of China."

"As in all previous times when a great power has accepted and faced up to inevitable realities, the immense concessions made by the U.S. will soon be forgotten and everyone will see as a triumph its boldness in making these moves despite considerable criticism."

## China Visit Jeopardized?

On state-run radio yesterday, a correspondent back from China speculated on "whether Mr. Nixon has not jeopardized his visit to China. It is certain that Peking will turn its back on the U.N. without hesitation if the subterfuge of two Chinas is maintained. After the diplomatic euphoria comes the cold shower."

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West German TV: U.S. Doubts About Taiwan

West German television's first network last night ran a Washington correspondent's report that the initial reaction in Washington to Secretary Rogers' announcement was "serious doubt" that the U.S. would succeed in preserving Taiwan's U.N. membership. The correspondent concluded:

> "Politicians here hope that it will be possible to straighten out the American position behind the scenes before the next meeting of the U.N. General Assembly in order to avoid an open confrontation which could seriously disturb Mr. Nixon's Peking talks."

The second TV network reported that Senator Kennedy had called for the exclusion of Taiwan from the U.N.

"Not a Big Surprise"

Duesseldorf's pro-Christian Democratic Rheinische Post commented yesterday:

> "After President Nixon surprised the world by announcing he would visit China, he could no longer insist on Red China's exclusion from the U.N. Thus, Rogers' announcement does not come as a big surprise..."

The paper held that "America has dissociated itself for good from the bipolar world concept, and envisages a triangular relationship, which opens up breathtaking perspectives." It wondered if other states that opposed Peking's admission to the U.N. "will imitate Washington's shift, which might be interpreted as their bowing to tutelage.

> "The coming U.N. Assembly meeting will be explosive and will increase perplexity in Moscow's camp. The FRG will have to formulate and conduct a China policy of its own. The days of practicing passivity for Washington's sake are gone."

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"Seems Wishful Thinking"

Pro-Christian Democratic Frankfurter Neue Presse maintained that the U.S. desire to see both Chinas represented in the U.N. "seems wishful thinking in the present situation" and that "this confronts Nixon with new decisions. Reacting to Peking's conduct in the coming weeks and months, he will have to formulate a realistic China policy. He cannot afford to visit China at any price, or to make a dream trip with unrealizable hopes."

Right-center Frankfurter Allgemeine judged that Mr. Rogers' announcement "represents a strong reaffirmation of Washington's resolve to make rapid progress" in normalizing Sino-American relations. It added: "Washington is engaging in a game with high stakes, hoping that Peking can and will honor its action."

The Washington correspondent of right-center Die Welt wrote that "for reasons of prestige Nixon does not want Taiwan to be sacrificed for his new China policy. But he would accept that if necessary because he is on a course of no return..."

West Berlin: "An Elegant Way Out"

Independent Berliner Morgenpost today called the substance of Secretary Rogers' announcement a "one China, one Taiwan" formula which "offers American diplomats an elegant way out" of the problem of Chinese representation in the U.N.
The paper said:

"It smartly evades the dispute caused by the contrasting claims of the two Chinese governments. Whether the People's Republic of China legally claims to rule over Taiwan, or whether Chiang Kai-shek states that he represents the only legal government for all of China-- is unimportant for Washington for the future. It is ready to recognize all that each of them holds; for the enforcement of further claims, neither can expect American support."

Today's independent Tagesspiegel predicted that a U.S.-Japanese effort to help Taiwan retain its seat in the U.N. would fail on account of the opposition of the smaller Asian nations.

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"No Trip Before Decision in U.N."

Last night's Der Abend said that Secretary Rogers' announcement "demonstrates that Nixon was serious when he... said that moves toward Peking must not be at the expense of old allies of the U.S.

"Still it remains to be seen what consequences it will have on Nixon's travel plans if there should be a lengthy discussion about the proper representation of China in the U.N. General Assembly and if it ends with a settlement not satisfactory to the People's Republic of China. For it is considered certain that Nixon can undertake his trip to Peking only after a decision has been made in the U.N."

Yesterday's independent Spandauer Volksblatt declared that "there now appear to be no more obstacles to Peking's entry into the U.N., unless it blocks its own way by maintaining its demand for simultaneous exclusion of Taiwan from the world organization."

Rome: "U.S. Probably Hopes Taiwan Will Leave"

Middle-of-the-road Messaggero of Rome said the announcement "means that the anachronistic and counterproductive directives that for two decades have seriously weakened the operations of the U.N. and delayed the solution of the periodic Asian crises have been cancelled...."

"One may gather that the U.S. initiative is based on a delaying strategy which would not be prejudicial to Nixon's trip to China, and which would leave the responsibility to the U.N.... Rogers maintains that the U.S. will oppose the ousting of Chiang's regime... but he has not indicated how this is to be achieved...."

"The U.S. probably hopes that Taiwan will leave the organization of its own free will, but this is far from certain.... The scope of the new American policy with regard to Communist China is uncertain and nebulous."

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Rightist *Il Tempo* of Rome similarly suggested that Washington was "hoping
Formosa might leave the U.N. of its own free will," but that the U.S. seemed
"determined not to show its hand." It added:

"This attitude is... realistic if we consider that neither of
the Chinese parties has so far shown the least inclination
to change tactics or strategy."

Socialist *Avanti* maintained yesterday:

"It is obvious that Washington would be delighted if Chiang
left the U.N. 'spontaneously' slamming the door, but it is difficult
for the Taiwan gang to present the Americans with this gift."

Communist *L'Unita* of Rome saw "negative repercussions on the normalization
process in Sino-American relations." Crypto-Communist *Paese Sera* of Rome
said the Rogers announcement was "unavoidable... the U.S. had to lose this fight."

TV: "Normalization the Main Objective"

Italian TV reported last night:

"Rogers explained that U.S. opposition to Chiang's expulsion
will not take the form of a veto but a request for a two-thirds
majority.... Despite U.S. action in defense of old Chiang...
normalization of relations with Peking is the main objective
of U.S. policy."

Stockholm: "U.S. Policy Unresolved"

Swedish television said that since Peking has rejected the two-China formula, "it is generally felt" that the U.S. will have to make further compromises including eventual withdrawal of support for Taiwan.

Liberal *Dagens Nyheter* said "a deeply mistaken aspect of American superpower
diplomacy has passed into history, but Secretary Rogers' statement indicates
that U.S. China policy remains to be resolved.... A new troublesome phase
...is commencing. To begin with, China's entry will renew and sharpen the
question of other divided nations."

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Oslo: "Adjusting the Map to the Terrain"

Norwegian media gave extensive treatment to Mr. Rogers' statement.

Oslo's conservative _Aftenposten_, the country's largest daily, welcomed the announcement and said that Norway should support a "two-China policy" at the U.N.

The Labor Party's _Arbeiderbladet_ asserted that the statement was "another step in the direction of a complete change of American policy vis-a-vis Peking," and continued:

> "This action confirms that President Nixon is systematically adjusting the map to the terrain. This is an important and proper operation which will be welcomed by reasonable people all over the world....

> "It must be left to the Chinese to decide what will happen with Taiwan. The most important thing is that Mao's China take its seat in the U.N."

Helsinki: "Hard to Tell What He Meant"

Helsinki's leading independent _Helsingin Sanomat_ contended that the Rogers statement was "so contradictory that it is hard to tell what the Secretary of State actually meant... If the U.N. seat of China is now finally given to the right representative of true China, the representatives of the former Government, which fell long ago, must of course leave the organization..."

The paper speculated that the U.S. may be "aiming at such a situation where China will remain outside the U.N. by its own wish--and not because of U.S. objection. But in that case it is hardly worthwhile for President Nixon to travel to Peking."

"Compromise Satisfies Neither Side"

Social Democratic _Suomen Sosialidemokraatti_ stated:

> "A policy of two Chinas is of course for the U.S. a step forward compared with its former rigid position, but it has all the faults of a compromise--it satisfies neither of the parties."

A Finnish TV commentator predicted a "stormy" General Assembly session over the China issue.

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Tokyo TV: "U.S. Kept in Touch This Time"

Japanese media gave top coverage to Mr. Rogers' announcement and to
Acting Foreign Minister Kimura's statement that the U.S. position was
"in complete agreement with Japan's thinking."

NET-TV observed that "the Japanese Government seems to be satisfied
this time because, unlike the unexpected announcement by President Nixon"
of his plan to visit Peking, "the U.S. Government kept in close touch with
Japan on the China U.N. representation problem."

"Only a Transitional Proposal"

Independent-liberal Asahi of Tokyo maintained today that the new U. S. policy "should be regarded only as a transitional proposal until the concept of 'one China' is realized...

"The U. S. policy reveals an inconsistency in that it... is linked with the two-China concept which is opposed by both Peking and Taipei.... This stems perhaps from the difficulties Washington faces in trying to change its policy at a stroke--but we should regard a defect as a defect....

"Acting Foreign Minister Kimura has... implied that our Government will fall into line with Washington.... We must stress here that any attempt blindly to follow this U. S. policy--which has the defect noted above--will be very dangerous.... Japan should stay out of the lead in any moves to retain a Taipei seat in the U. N."

On the other hand, independent moderate Mainichi argued that "it would be
contrary to international good faith to disregard completely.... the very close
and complicated" relations between Japan and Taiwan.

"Japan should refrain from making any positive move
against Nationalist China."

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Moderate _Tokyo Shimbun_ declared that "in principle, we approve the Govern-
ment's support for the new U. S. policy.... We have advocated the participation
of mainland China in the U. N. and giving it a seat in the Security Council."

"Temporary Policy Born of Agony"

Business-oriented _Sankei_ said the U. S. had adopted "a temporary policy...
born of agony." But it declared:

"We welcome the U. S. move because it reflects a realistic understanding by the U. S. that international order cannot be established without the restoration of China's place in international society."

Seoul: Press Concern

Seoul papers gave the announcement top play and reported the Foreign
Ministry's prompt reaction that "this was expected and was no surprise."

Newspapers, however, expressed concern. Conservative _Kyunghyang Shinmun_
declared:

"If Red China gets a seat in the Security Council, the U. S. will find it very difficult to keep its promise that it would not approve the admission of Red China at the expense of Nationalist China.... We cannot afford to be optimistic... since the Communists will be sure to raise the problems of the withdrawal of U. N. forces from the Republic of Korea and the disbanding of UNCURK."

Taipei: "Violation of Truth and Justice"

Taipei papers prominently carried news agency accounts of the Rogers announce-
ment and the full text of the Foreign Ministry's statement on U. N. representation.

The official _Central Daily News_ said the U. S. proposal was "in violation of
international truth and justice...also inconsistent with the American heritage."

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The privately-owned *United Daily News* said "the defeatism displayed by the U. S.... is completely unnecessary."

The official *China Daily News* declared that "Nixon's move also causes damage to other U. S. allies, and Japan is one of them.

"U. S. moves to appease Peiping... are mainly motivated by a desire to counter the USSR, while Peiping's ostensible willingness to reach a compromise with the U. S. is mainly motivated by its desire to check Japan."

## One Paper's View: "Responsible, Effective Formula"

The privately-owned *China Times* ran a sympathetic explanation of the U. S. position. It editorialized:

"We pointed out long ago that the 'important question' proposal for this year was already beyond the control of the Republic of China and the U. S.... Therefore, strictly from the strategic point of view, the Nixon Administration's decision to adopt the new formula... seems to be a responsible and definitely effective formula for preserving the Republic of China's basic rights and interests in the U. N."

## Hong Kong Reactions

In extensive comment in the Hong Kong press, Communist papers condemned a "two-China plot," pro-Nationalist papers advised--some of them for the first time--that Taipei should stay in the U. N. and fight for its rights, and independent papers generally predicted that Peking would not accept a two-China arrangement.

Independent-liberal *Ming Pao* suggested that while Peking would hold out until Taiwan was expelled, it would, at the proper time, "reciprocate" the "significant concession" Washington had made.

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## Manila: Romulo Statement

Dispatches from Manila quoted Foreign Secretary Romulo as saying that the new U. S. policy was in accord with that of the Philippine Government.

## Kuala Lumpur: "How Resolute Is U. S. ?"

The independent influential *Straits Times* of Kuala Lumpur and Singapore noted today that "the abandonment of one of the pillars of American foreign policy has taken no one by surprise. The secret was out when Mr. Nixon, as long ago as the beginning of June, rebuked the Cabot Lodge Commission for its 'two Chinas' recommendation.

"The unanswered question was on what terms America would back China's claim to China's seat. The President still has not given a complete answer.

"How resolute will America's 'resolute opposition' to the expulsion of Taiwan from the U. N. really be? Up to the point of vetoing an unwelcome decision by the Security Council?....

"At first sight the complications overwhelm the face value of the American decision."

## Bangkok: Kittikachorn Statement

Dispatches from Bangkok yesterday quoted Premier Kittikachorn as saying he now believed Communist China would be admitted this year to the U. N., but that the Thai Government had made no decision on how to vote on the issue.

## Sydney: 'Puts the Onus on Peking'

Reports from Canberra said Prime Minister McMahon had welcomed Mr. Rogers' statement and said that Australia would not oppose Peking's representation in the U. N.

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The prestigious _Sydney Morning Herald_ commented today:

> "Mr. Nixon is wise not to bother trying to save face with half-measures... The decision positively to vote for admission puts the onus firmly on Peking to show how sincere is its desire to join the world body and, by implication, to end its isolationism."

## "Farcical Situation Will Buy Time"

The independent _Australian_ of Canberra observed that "this time, it seems, America gave its allies advance notice of something it intended to do." It said this explained the "near-identical statements" by Japan, the Philippines and Australia. The paper predicted:

> "It is highly likely that this year will end with China voted into the U. N. but declining to take its seat, and Taiwan voted out by... the Albanian resolution... yet keeping its seat by... a follow-up resolution making Taiwan's expulsion a most important question.

> "This farcical situation will buy time for, and perhaps salvage the honor of, Taiwan's friends. But it cannot last. Taiwan has apparently decided to fight for its seat... But by the end of next year only mainland China will sit in the Security Council and the Assembly."

## Auckland: "Immense Reversal"

New Zealand media reported that Prime Minister Holyoake had welcomed the U. S. announcement as "a step in the right direction" and that opposition leader Kirk had called it "a major step and a courageous one."

The _New Zealand Herald_ of Auckland commented today:

> "The American decision... is scarcely cause for surprise. Yet the event has to be recognized as an immense diplomatic reversal, a landmark in postwar relations and, probably, the pivot for a delicate and intricate shift of balance on the international scene.

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"Perhaps the most hopeful aspect of the new American policy is that the Administration felt able to initiate it. That fact alone signals a major change in American public opinion....

"The New Zealand policy, repeated last night by Sir Keith Holyoake, is that Peking should have the seat. It would surely be difficult to sustain any other view."

## New Delhi: "Clever Move" to Ease Taiwan Out

The Washington correspondent of the independent *Times of India* of New Delhi and Bombay asserted today that Secretary Rogers' statement on U.S. readiness to abide by a U. N. majority wish is "a clever move" to ease Taiwan out of the U. N. because "the Nixon Administration is convinced it is short eight votes to block any attempt to expel Taiwan."

The correspondent of the moderate-conservative *Hindustan Times* of New Delhi today predicted that "Taiwan's ouster from the U. N. with U. S. connivance" will materialize after President Nixon's China visit because by then public opinion in the U. S. "may change sufficiently for the Administration to ease Taiwan out without inviting the conservatives' wrath."

## Report: Taiwan Plan to Halt Peking Entry?

The influential *Indian Express* of New Delhi and Lucknow yesterday front-paged its own *Hong Kong* report that Taipei is "actively consulting allies, mainly Japan, on an undisclosed plan which might make it difficult for Washington to pave the way for Peking's admission to the U. N."

## Tehran: "Peking Would Improve U. N."

The Iranian radio yesterday predicted that in the General Assembly debate "a great majority will vote to seat China, while not necessarily favoring the expulsion of Nationalist China....

"Should the road somehow be paved for Communist China's membership in the U. N., not only will the organization be improved, it will also create a more favorable basis for cooperation to settle many world problems."

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## Tel Aviv: Tekoah on PRC, Taiwan

Media reported that Israeli Ambassador to the U. N. Tekoah, who arrived yesterday in Tel Aviv, said that Israel should vote in favor of PRC membership in the U. N. Reports stated that he said he "knew of no proposals" to solve the problem of Taiwan's representation, but that it was still "premature" for Israel to make its decision on that issue.

Today's influential independent Haaretz of Jerusalem supported Japan's efforts to make sure that Taiwan remained a member of the U. N. but not of the Security Council. The paper declared that Israel should support this effort "for reasons of principle and of self-interest."

## Dangers of Peking Entry

The Jerusalem Post asked yesterday whether Communist China's presence in the U. N., particularly in the Security Council, might not undermine the organization. It concluded that Israel would be expected to side with the majority in backing Peking's entry, but not at the expense of Taiwan. It said: "In any case, we are likely to be the losers as the result of Communist China's presence at the U. N."

Religious party Hatzofeh said the admission of Peking would probably mean another big power on the Arab side.

## Kampala: "Defeat For U. S. Imperialist Policy"

The independent Uganda Argus of Kampala today declared that the "contradictory statements" by Mr. Rogers on support for the seating of the PRC and continued membership for Taiwan "make us believe that international support for China has boldly defeated the U. S. imperialist policy of blockading and isolating Peking.

"What we want to see in the world today is that every nation, big or small, enjoys the privileges of the international political arena, the U. N."

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Dar es Salaam: "A Sense of Satisfaction"

The Government-owned **Standard** of Dar es Salaam said today, "It is with a
sense of genuine satisfaction that we welcome the announcement by Secretary
of State Rogers that the U. S. will now support the seating of China at the U. N....

"Only a major new development, like the presence of
China at the U. N. debates, will reawaken the enthusiasm
and faith that characterized the U. N.'s founding genera-
tion....

"There can be no question of separate representation
for the Chiang Kai-shek clique."

Mexico City: Warning on Fate of Formosa

Business-oriented _El Universal_ of Mexico City said today that the U. S. position is "just," but warned of "the grave responsibility of admitting Communist China to the U. N. if, at the same time, Nationalist China is expelled. According to recent statements of Red Chinese leaders they would occupy Formosa, and the fate of its 14 million people can be guessed...."

Conservative _El Sol de Mexico_ today: "The sacrifice of Taiwan to a transitory international situation will be, flatly, genocide."

"U. S. Twists Logic"

Progressive, influential _Excelsior_ of Mexico City maintained that "logic
seems to be twisted in the hands of American diplomats." It said:

"The United Nations was not created to serve the exclusive interest of the U. S. nor to follow closely the changes in its international policy."

Peking NCNA Comment: "Two-Chinas Plot"

Peking NCNA asserted today that in his announcement, Secretary Rogers was "flagrantly playing the 'two-Chinas' plot... In so doing, he vainly tries to continue to obstruct the restoration to the People's Republic of China of all her legitimate rights in the U. N. and insists on being the enemy of the Chinese people....

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"Rogers' statement, which peddles the preposterous proposition of 'two Chinas,' was dished up against the background of the doomed utter failure of the U. S. policy of obstinately insisting on making itself the enemy of the Chinese people at the U. N. The Government has for a long time always supported the illegal usurpation of all China's seats in the U. N. by the Chiang Kai-shek clique, which has long been spurned by the Chinese people, and has therefore been denounced by all justice-upholding countries and people of the world....

"Faced with the predicament of being more isolated than ever, the U. S. Government has to make some changes in its tactics....

"Resorting to the sophistry in defense of the U. S. Government's 'two Chinas' plot, Rogers asserted in his statement that 'President Nixon has been adapting American foreign policy with these facts in mind--forging policies directed to the future while taking fully into account the legacies of the past,' that 'we are seeking to accommodate our role to the realities of the world today,' and that the U. N. 'must deal with the realities of the world in which we live.'

"This is barefaced lying. Everybody knows clearly that 'the legacies of the past' Rogers talked about glibly mean the Chiang Kai-shek clique, which has long been spurned by the Chinese people, and that this was created single-handed by U. S. imperialism through occupying China's Taiwan Province and the Taiwan Straits by armed forces. Rogers' so-called 'realities' of 'two Chinas' are his sheer fancy. There is only one China in the world, that is, the People's Republic of China. U. S. imperialism will never succeed in its plot if it insists on making itself the enemy of the Chinese people, obdurately pushing the 'two Chinas' scheme and euphemistically describing this as 'realities.'

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"While advocating the 'two-Chinas' scheme, Rogers said that 'the decision we have taken is fully in accord with President Nixon's desire to normalize relations with the People's Republic of China in the interests of world peace.' This fully lays bare the counterrevolutionary double-dealing of U.S. imperialism which says one thing and does another.

"In order to realize the 'two-Chinas' plot, Rogers... repeatedly stressed his readiness to claim the expulsion of the Chiang gang as an 'important question',...This shows what painstaking efforts U.S. imperialism is making to have the Chiang gang hang on in the U. N.

"The Japanese reactionaries have offered advice and worked energetically, openly and behind the scenes, for the 'two-Chinas' plot dished up by Rogers.... Before Rogers issued his statement the reactionary Sato Government of Japan had played up 'two Chinas' singing one and the same tune as Rogers.

"The clumsy 'two Chinas' trick played by U.S. imperialism is absolutely illegal and futile. Taiwan Province is an inalienable part of China's territory. The Chinese people resolutely oppose 'two Chinas' 'one China, one Taiwan' and other similar absurdities. We are deeply convinced that the justice-upholding countries and people of the world will also never allow anyone, under the signboard of 'two Chinas,' to continue forcibly to occupy China's territory, Taiwan, and obstruct the restoration to the People's Republic of China of her legitimate seat in the U. N."

## Moscow: Brief, Factual Report

As of 3 p.m. today, monitoring indicates no further reporting on Secretary Rogers' statement following yesterday's brief, factual TASS account. That report stated that Mr. Rogers had said the U.S. would not oppose the admission of the PRC to the U. N. but would oppose the expulsion of "Chiang Kai-shek's men." No comment in USSR media has been monitored.

Hanoi and the Viet Cong have circulated neither news nor comment on the announcement.

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... Western Europe, p. 2

... Asia, p. 12

... Latin America, p. 18

... Communist Countries, p. 19

EAST-WEST RELATIONS: PRESIDENT'S PRESS CONFERENCE

Summary

Foreign media gave moderate to prominent news play to President Nixon's
Wednesday press conference, emphasizing his caution against expecting "instant
detente" with Peking as a result of his projected trip there.

Much news treatment and comment assumed that the press conference was a
response to Peking's broadcast denunciation of Secretary Rogers' announcement
of U.S. policy on Chinese seating at the U.N. However, observers did not
conclude that Communist China's harsh language would jeopardize the Presidential
visit.

Writers voiced varying degrees of concern about possible difficulties and risks
of the Peking trip and Sino-U.S. rapprochement.

--The BBC said official circles in London were "beginning to feel that no clear
understanding was reached between... Chou En-lai and... Mr. Henry Kissinger...
and that Washington has not yet succeeded in finding any practical way of
reconciling the President's new approach to Peking with previous statements
and policies."

--Corriere della Sera of Milan warned, "The Chinese maneuver is very clever: The U.S. President cannot turn back. If he gave up his trip and if the meeting ended in failure, it would be a defeat for him and for his party in the elections..."

A number of editors said Moscow and its allies were becoming increasingly concerned
about implications of Sino-U.S. rapprochement. For example, West Berlin's
Tagesspiegel said the President had implied "that for Nixon the Soviet Union has
become the second power..."

Similarly, the *Times* of London reported that "the Soviet bloc's view of President
Nixon's impending visit to China... seems to be becoming more gloomy and negative
as all the implications sink in."

Communist Chinese media have not reported or commented on the President's press
conference, North Korea's wire service cited Premier Kim Il Sung as saying today
that "Nixon's visit to China will not be a march of a victor but a trip of the defeated
... This is a great victory for the world's revolutionary people." Moscow radio's
report of the Mr. Nixon's press conference omitted reference to his statement
that he would not hold a summit meeting with Soviet leaders before the Peking visit.

* * *

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Hamburg: "Will Not Clear Peking Trip With Moscow"

West German headlines emphasized the President's statement that he would not meet with Soviet leaders before his trip to Peking.

The Washington correspondent of nationally-circulated right-center *Die Welt* of Hamburg today made this interpretation:

"Nixon will not follow the advice of the advocates of indiscriminate detente by meeting with Soviet leaders before he goes to China.... He refused to be influenced by suggestions that by this gesture he could dispel Soviet mistrust.

"Nor could anyone seriously believe that Nixon would voluntarily devalue the psychological success he has scored by Peking's invitation, prepared with so much patience and diplomatic circumspection, which has refurbished the prestige of U.S. foreign policy.

"The President will be careful not to weaken this impression by seeking in Moscow a clearance for accommodation with China."

## TV Treatment

Newscasts on both West German TV networks yesterday summarized President Nixon's press conference, emphasizing his warning against too-high expectations.

## Plight of Taiwan, Asian Nations

In a 50-minute special report on China, a first TV network's correspondent reported yesterday from New York that the U.S. had initially hoped that Taiwan would "leave the U.N. under protest," but that "it now looks as if Taiwan will not do that." The U.S. decision about China's seats in the U.N. has an added dimension of difficulty, he said, in the concerns of "the smaller nations of Asia which are now insecure and uncertain of the effects of the Peking visit" for America's allies in Asia. The correspondent concluded with the observation that "after the initial enthusiasm, the difficulties of Nixon's new China policy are appearing."

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A Tokyo correspondent stressed that Japan "seemed insecure and helpless after President Nixon's announcement....

"All Japanese political leaders feel that they have lost the foundation of their foreign policy, which consisted of loyal support of the U.S. Overnight, Japan has had to realize that it stands alone and must develop its own concept."

A Washington correspondent for TV's second network asserted that Secretary Rogers' statement on Chinese representation in the U.N. "was clearly an attempt to gain some time.

"Here in Washington, the air is full of opinions and speculation on future developments. But these all smash against the wall of silence around Kissinger's talks in Peking."

### West Berlin: "Moscow Second to Peking"

The chief editor of independent *Tagesspiegel* said yesterday that President Nixon's remark that China is potentially the most powerful nation "is important, for it implies...that for Nixon the Soviet Union has become the second power to which Washington is offering an era of negotiation instead of confrontation....

"Right from the start, it was clear that Nixon did not plan to meet in Moscow with Soviet leaders before his meeting with the Chinese leaders. This would be a contradiction of his new policy and would endanger it.

"However, the explanation which Nixon gives is interesting. He referred to the fact that Washington is already in negotiating contact with Moscow in various fields--the Middle East, SALT, and Berlin--where there are sufficient opportunities for a breakthrough to understanding. Nixon thus pointed out to the Soviet Union the path it might take in case it feels concerned about a Washington-Peking rapprochement."

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London Headlines
---

These were headlines on the President's press conference in yesterday's London papers:

"MR. NIXON SAYS PEKING TALKS WILL BRING NO 'INSTANT DETENTE'"

(Times)

"NIXON RULES OUT INSTANT PEACE"

(Guardian)

"Cautionary Note, Awareness of Disadvantages"

The conservative London *Daily Telegraph* carried two stories which were headed: "Senate Warned of 'Disastrous' State of U.S. Economy" and "Nixon Wary Over Peking Prospects."

On the President's remarks about his planned China trip, the paper asserted, "The cautionary note about over-optimism coincides with a growing awareness of some of the disadvantages of having handed the diplomatic initiative on the visit to China...."

"Some observers think the Chinese believe that they are the arbiters of whether Mr. Nixon wins or loses next year's Presidential elections. He has to visit Peking and if the affair is not to end in a fiasco, he has to make concessions acceptable to the Chinese."

"There are no indications that the Chinese are preparing to make compensatory concessions in their support for the North Vietnamese...and they are taking a tough line on Formosa."

Today's *Times* of London said that "the Americans have begun their lobbying of member states of the U.N. in an attempt to counter the Albanian resolution which would expel...the Taiwan regime from the organization while admitting the Peking Government to the China seat."

"But China's status in the world is steadily growing, eroding any majority that the Americans might hope to rally."

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# "Soviet Bloc Gloomy"

The paper declared in a story from Moscow:

> "The Soviet bloc's view of President Nixon's impending visit to China, which began cautiously hostile, seems to be becoming more gloomy and negative as all the implications sink in. The impression is growing that China was a main topic of discussion at the short meeting in the Crimea Monday attended by the Soviet, Mongolian and East European leaders with the exception of the Romanians."

## "North Vietnamese Fear Communist Split"

The independent weekly Economist, out today, speculated that "the North Vietnamese may now fear that improved American-Chinese relations will confuse and even split the Communist world, which might in turn impede the Communist world's support for North Vietnam's war effort. They must also be afraid that an agreement between Washington and Peking would create pressures for a settlement of the war that would fall short of North Vietnam's objectives."

## "No Clear Understanding With Chou?"

BBC radio's diplomatic correspondent stated on Wednesday that Peking's "sharply worded rebuff to Mr. Rogers' proposal seems to be based on confidence that even if the U.S. tries to organize an opposition to the expulsion of Taiwan from the U.N., it won't find enough support."

The correspondent added that official circles in London were "beginning to feel that no clear understanding was reached between... Chou En-lai and President Nixon's envoy, Mr. Henry Kissinger, when the latter visited Peking last month, and that Washington has not yet succeeded in finding any practical way of reconciling the President's new approach to Peking with previous statements and policies."

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"Old-Fashioned Kick in the Teeth"

BBC radio moderator Gerald Priestland commented:

"...I see that Peking has replied to America's position on U.N. membership with an old-fashioned kick in the teeth and Mr. Nixon has warned against undue optimism.

"After the initial euphoria over the President's trip--which has yet to take place--it's pretty clear that Peking hasn't changed its objectives and may even have raised its price. Nonetheless the Chinese Foreign Office is inundated with eager requests for visas from very important Americans, especially Presidential candidates."

Paris: "U.S. Pleased to Serve Notice to USSR"

The Washington correspondent of independent Le Monde of Paris reported yesterday that although a Nixon trip to Moscow preceding the planned China visit "is officially denied, Washington is rather pleased to serve notice to Messrs. Brezhnev and Kosygin that from now on the USSR is no longer the only talking partner of world stature for the United States. In particular the time is past when the American leaders expected, somewhat naively, to find in Moscow the solution to most of their difficulties--in particular to the Vietnam problem...."

"For the time being, Mr. Nixon has obviously scored points: Internationally he has put the Soviet Union on the defensive; internally he has surprised most of the Democrats aspiring to dethrone him in 1972...."

"Yet the game is not won in advance, and this is realized among the Presidential entourage: Mr. Nixon... is virtually under penalty not to come back from Peking empty-handed. If he did, how could he explain to a public always prompt to rally to success--but also to condemn fruitless initiatives--the virtual abandonment of Taiwan, the increasingly bitter relations between Washington and Tokyo, and the possible communications gap with Moscow?

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"....As a State Department official said: "Nixon must face an election 15 months from now. Chairman Mao, on the other hand, has nothing of the kind to fear and he undoubtedly knows it."

"Visit Is Not Compromised"

Under the heading, "The First Year of Detente," independent-left Combat
today commented:

"....It is commonly admitted that the era of detente began after the Cuban crisis, when the two superpowers realized that they could not afford a nuclear war. That detente, based on a negative factor, has not borne the expected fruit.... Recognition of China by the U.S. constitutes a much more positive factor of detente than the mutual fear between Washington and Moscow...."

"The official reactions of China are indeed not encouraging, but Mr. Nixon's planned visit so far is not compromised.... The beginning of the era of negotiations of which Mr. Nixon spoke at the start of his term of office thus appears to be manifesting itself."

"An Indication to the Soviets?"

The Washington correspondent of moderately conservative Figaro wrote:

"....Mr. Nixon did not make any reference to the Taiwan problem. He could not have indicated more clearly that for him it is one of those points of detail that should not be obstacles to the materialization of his grand design...."

"For the first time he publicly declared himself favorable to the convening of 'an Asian conference'....Is this a way of indicating to the Soviets...that it depends entirely on them whether a Vietnam settlement is reached behind their back? Mr. Nixon certainly does not want this to happen, but he could not have told the masters in the Kremlin more clearly that it is high time for them to come off their position of watchful waiting."

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# "Detour to Helsinki?"

State-run France-Inter radio yesterday reported of the press conference:

> "Nixon warned the optimists: There will be no miracle in Peking. He did not say a word about Taiwan, did not set any date for his visit to Peking, and said that he will not visit Moscow before Peking. But will he not make a detour to Helsinki on his way back?"

## "Nixon Reacted to Brutal Rejection"

Europe One radio, which has studios in France, opened its main morning newscast yesterday by saying Peking's reaction to the Rogers statement was "a cold shower for the Americans." This reaction was so "brutal," it said, "that Nixon felt he had to react immediately in the face of public opinion."

## "Not a Word on Taiwan!"

A New York correspondent reported:

> "Nixon flatters the Chinese pride. He does not see the use of going to Moscow before his visit to Peking.... Not a word on Taiwan! As a matter of fact, Washington and Peking have much more serious things to discuss than Taiwan. What primarily matters for Nixon is to have Peking insure his re-election."

## Rome TV: "U.S. Will Look for Compromise at U.N."

Italian media gave fairly extensive treatment to Mr. Nixon's press conference remarks about his planned trip to Peking.

State-owned TV stressed that the President "ruled out the possibility of meeting with Soviet leaders before his trip to China" and "said that the Peking trip requires long and careful preparation."

The broadcast said Peking's "refusal to accept a U.N. seat while the Taiwan Government retains membership...was expected, but the reaction to Rogers' proposal, announced through a dispatch released by the New China News Agency, is particularly sharp." Meanwhile, it continued, "the U.S. will look for a compromise formula in the U.N. rules, but at present this compromise seems a bit hard to find."

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"Chou Takes Off His Mask"

Independent, influential *Corriere della Sera* of Milan commented yesterday:

"Chou-En-lai was well aware that President Nixon needed a success and that a trip to Peking and a rapprochement were just the success he needed. When he invited Nixon...all America rejoiced...."

"At that point, Chou took off his mask: No compromise; we want all, and all you have to do is just withdraw.... The Chinese maneuver is very clever: The U.S. President cannot turn back. If he gave up his trip and if the meeting ended in a serious failure, it would be a defeat for him and for his party in the elections..."

Left-of-center Stampa of Turin speculated yesterday that Mr. Nixon held the press conference "to counterbalance the negative effect of Chinese reaction to the U.N. strategy announced by Rogers..." The paper saw Mr. Nixon's statements as "reassuring while firm," and continued:

"The President succeeded in emphasizing that the situation is complex and in warning public opinion not to be unduly optimistic. At the same time he said very clearly that there will be a dialogue in any case, and that it will be fruitful on a long-term basis..."

Today the paper characterized Mr. Nixon's remarks on Sino-American relations as "wary but also moderately optimistic..."

Rome's middle-of-the-road Messaggero reported today:

"Even Washington is rather uncertain about the prospects for success of the American formula.... Much depends on the attitude that People's China and Nationalist China take in the next few months..."

Rightist Tempo of Rome maintained today, "The U.S. policy of 'two Chinas' does not seem to have reaped very encouraging results, at least up until now.... Neither Communist China nor Nationalist China seems willing to accept the Solomon-like decision proposed by Washington..."

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Vienna: "Danger of Alarming U.S. Proteges"

Socialist Arbeiter-Zeitung of Vienna saw the U.S. in a dilemma arising from "the fact that on the one hand it is interested in better relations with the People's Republic while on the other it cannot abandon the Nationalist Chinese regime without alarming all other U.S. proteges overseas." The paper held that "Peking can hardly be expected to pay for its U.N. seat by recognizing the existence of another China."

Independent Kronen-Zeitung called the U.S. position on China seating in the U.N. "sensible," and added: "Angry and disappointed, Chiang Kai-shek presumably will withdraw from the world community."

"Doubtful" That PRC Will Join U.N.

Socialist Neue Zeit of Graz asserted that Peking had "thrown cold water" on Mr. Rogers' announcement and maintained that it was now "doubtful" that the PRC would join the U.N. or carry through with its invitation to Mr. Nixon. It continued:

"China's about-face must be interpreted as a serious warning to Nixon who, shortly before the election, sees his attractive China policy jeopardized and himself in a predicament."

"U.S.-Japan Low Point"

The Washington correspondent of independent Oberoesterreichische Nachrichten of Linz, commenting on a "low point in American-Japanese relations," asserted that "economic misunderstandings" are said to have made Nixon so angry that he did not give Tokyo sufficient time and notice of his new China policy. Washington's irritation at Japan's conduct climaxes in allegations to the effect that Tokyo is deliberately annoying the U.S..."

Brussels: "Slow Death Sentence for Taiwan"

Several Belgian papers expressed concern about the fate of Taiwan in the wake of Mr. Rogers' announcement on China. Thus influential conservative Libre Belgique of Brussels maintained that the U.S. position "for all practical purposes amounts to sentencing Taiwan to a slow death." It continued:

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"One must admit that the White House is only halfheartedly
defending Taiwan's representation in the U.N.... It is to
be feared that sooner or later Nationalist China will have
to yield its seat.... When this takes place, Communism
will have scored a new point against the free world."

Socialist La Wallonie of Liege remarked:

"If China enters the U.N., it will be the end of an absurd
anomaly.... But China, with its veto power in the Security
Council, is likely to block the solution of many problems
and create new disputes and problems, particularly with the
Soviet Union. But that is for tomorrow."

### Copenhagen: "Absurd Policy"

Independent Information of Copenhagen commented:

"Seen from a diplomatic point of view, the newly proclaimed
American policy on China in the U.N. is simply absurd. The
idea that Taiwan can maintain her membership simultaneously
with membership for the Chinese People's Republic ignores
reality....

"It is hard to imagine that President Nixon's Administration
is not aware of this. The question is why it launched a so-
called two-Chinas policy anyway. Probably the answer is
to be found in U.S. domestic policy."

### Helsinki: "Indicates Shift on Divided Nations"

Finland's independent Turun Sanomat judged that "the budding two-Chinas U.N. policy of the U.S...means a shift in the approach to the question of U.N. membership of all divided states. Up to now neither of the two Germanies, two Vietnams, two Koreas or two Chinas has been admitted as a U.N. member."

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Tokyo: "China Trip Unaffected by Peking Reaction"

Leading independent-liberal Asahi of Tokyo observed yesterday:

"Although Peking's commentary strongly criticized America's two-China policy, it did not touch on President Nixon's forthcoming visit to Peking, thus indicating that mainland China has no intention of cancelling the Nixon visit."

Similarly, influential business-oriented Nihon Keizai concluded:

"The President's plan to visit Peking and hold summit talks will not be affected."

Notes Peking's Criticism of Japan

The paper also noted that the Peking commentary had criticized Japan's "participation in the two-China plot." The paper warned that "as long as Japan pursues its present policy, normalization of Japan-China relations will be difficult."

Most papers welcomed the Rogers statement and Japan's support of the policy, generally concluding that seating both delegations was the most equitable and desirable solution to the China representation problem.

Sato, Foreign Ministry Plans

Independent moderate Yomiuri of Tokyo reported today that Prime Minister Sato was forming a consultative council of 15 scholars to advise him on China policy.

Yesterday the paper reported from Foreign Ministry sources that leaders in the Ministry were "very greatly worried" after a tabulation of probable U. N. votes revealed that "the expulsion of the Republic of China is unavoidable." The paper added:

"Therefore, the Foreign Ministry has decided to discuss further tactics with the U. S. Government and to study countermeasures."

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Sato's Advice to Taipei

Media reported Mr. Sato's advice to Nationalist China against isolating itself by withdrawing its ambassadors from countries which have recognized or will recognize Peking.

At a press conference, he also stated that Japan would propose at the U. N. that the expulsion of Nationalist China should be voted as an "important question." As quoted by Kyodo news service, the Prime Minister explained:

> "It is a good thing to admit the People's Republic of China into the U. N., but I believe the expulsion of Nationalist China deserves being treated as an important matter."

Seoul: Turkey-PRC Ties, PM Kim Views

Seoul papers yesterday headlined Mr. Nixon's press conference and Peking's negative reaction to the new U. S. China policy. Today's papers led with Turkey's recognition of China and Prime Minister Kim's "state of affairs" speech before the National Assembly. Accounts quoted the Prime Minister as saying Korea was prepared to establish diplomatic ties with any non-hostile country. He was also reported as saying:

> "Developing world currents toward peace and the situation in which the U. S. President plans to visit Communist China... leave us no choice but to adjust ourselves to changing realities.... We are now working out our new postures, which are very cautious, but flexible and somewhat aggressive."

Concern About Korean Question

Newspapers discussed the possible impact of the new U. S. China policy on the U. N. debate of the Korean question.

The Washington correspondent of independent Hankuk Ilbo maintained that there would be "no serious change in the vote pattern" on the question.

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However, the Washington correspondent of leading independent *Donga Ilbo* quoted Mr. Rogers as referring to a "respect for realities," and argued that it was "very doubtful" whether the Korean question would be an exception to this principle.

## "Two Sides May Seek Coexistence"

The paper editorialized today:

> "We should carefully weigh...whether or not prevailing world opinion will favor reaffirmation of the traditional U. N. resolutions on the Korean question...or favor putting aside the question of Korean unification until the remote future, thus seeking a formula of coexistence between North and South Korea."

On Wednesday the paper editorialized:

> "It may be that for different reasons, both mainland China and Nationalist China will seek coexistence in the U. N."

## Report: Albert Group to Peking?

This afternoon's Seoul papers reported that a group of Congressmen headed by Speaker Carl Albert would arrive in Seoul on August 9 for a five-day stay during their Asian tour.

The accounts hinted that the group might visit Communist China if Peking extended an invitation.

## Hong Kong: "Agreement Not Expected"

Independent-liberal *Ming Pao* of Hong Kong said today that Mr. Nixon's remarks on his China trip indicated that its purpose was "to hold talks without necessarily expecting any agreement." The paper noted statements attributed to Chairman Mao by Edgar Snow in a recent magazine article, and concluded that the Communist Chinese leaders seemed to hold "a similar view of the coming meeting."

Yesterday the paper described Peking's reaction to Mr. Rogers' statement as "strong" but "not indignant," since the U. S. had "considerably shifted" its policy. It said Peking knew the U. S. well enough not to expect it to drop altogether its support for Taiwan.

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Rangoon: "Up to Chinese to Decide"

A columnist in the *Rangoon Daily* maintained today that Peking was "sure to be admitted" to the U. N., while Taiwan would be "hard to expel.... The two-China question will remain in the U. N." Earlier the columnist declared:

"The issue is a matter between the Reds and the Nationalists. It is for them to decide the matter."

Sydney: "Nixon Comments Welcome"

The conservative *Daily Telegraph* of Sydney said today that President Nixon's "down to earth comments" at his Wednesday press conference "should be welcomed by realists...."

"The journey to Peking... must not be expected automatically to lead to peace and understanding. In fact, the visit may well end with many attitudes on both sides completely unchanged. But at least the visit will have taken place...and that is a very important happening."

Secret U. S. -NVN Talks?

The independent *Australian* of Canberra commented:

"That was a muted flute that President Nixon played at his Washington press conference yesterday. He warned, wisely, against expecting too much from his forthcoming visit to China."

The paper said that on specific points, "Mr. Nixon was equally cautious and equally low key," but it found that on Vietnam, he was "highly interesting, despite his restraint...."

"We are entitled to believe, from hints he dropped, that secret talks are going on between America and North Vietnam; that the Paris peace table is just the tip of the iceberg. That assumption adds spice to today's mysterious report that America has chartered an SAS plane to ferry 187 people... out of Vientiane...."

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"In all, his remarks were a neat exercise in dis-
pelling euphoria and reasserting the status quo--
hardly inspiring, but reasonably realistic. We
should not forget, however, that things are in fact
happening out there. The world is different and is
daily getting more so."

New Delhi: "A Secret Understanding?"

The independent English-language *Indian Express* of Bombay and New Delhi
declared:

"That the Nixon Administration is keen to normalize U.S. relations with China admits of no doubt, but whether in its anxiety to ensure that nothing happens to obstruct the U.S. President's projected visit to Peking it is prepared to go farther than was indicated in Mr. Rogers' statement of August 2 remains to be seen....

"Peking knows that Mr. Nixon is in a hurry because he wants results before the U.S. Presidential election... It seems certain that in the coming weeks concerted efforts will be made to find a face-saving formula for a compromise, if a secret understanding between the two countries does not already exist."

"Chiang Is Expendable..."

Independent, left-of-center *Free Press Journal* of Bombay said:

"That President Nixon would stop at nothing to placate the People's Republic of China and make his projected visit to Peking possible and useful is evident from the statement of the U.S. Secretary of State....

"President Nixon has decided that normalization of relations with China is in the highest U.S. national interest; anything that stands in the way of its realization is, therefore, expendable. Chiang is expendable, if Mao can be befriended...."

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## Taiwan Like Byelorussia?

The independent conservative *Hindustan Times* of New Delhi stated that Chou En-lai had in recent months been saying that a compromise with and on Taiwan was possible. It commented:

> "An optimistic interpretation on this can be that China may be persuaded to allow Taiwan to remain a member of the U. N. provided it is recognized as being in the same over-all relationship to the latter as exists between the Soviet Union and the Ukraine or Byelorussia, both of which are units of the Soviet Federation but are nonetheless members of the U. N. Whether Taiwan will find this acceptable is another of the many imponderables in the situation."

### Islamabad: U. S. Taiwan Support "Untenable"

The influential English-language *Pakistan Times* of Lahore and Islamabad applauded "the statesmanship of the Nixon Administration" for ending the long-standing U. S. opposition to Communist China's entry in the U. N., but stated that U. S. opposition to Taiwan's expulsion was "untenable, legally and morally." The paper concluded that nothing should be permitted to detract from "Mr. Nixon's momentous decision to normalize relations with the People's Republic of China."

### "Unseat Formosa Later"

Strongly pro-Peking *Mussawat* of Lahore, organ of the Pakistan People's Party, speculated that "China will not make Formosa's expulsion a pre- condition for entry into the U. N., and will make diplomatic efforts to unseat Formosa after getting in the U. N."

### Kathmandu: "Responsibilities of Membership"

The independent *New Herald* of Kathmandu said yesterday:

> "... The two-China principle is now proving an anachronism in the present pattern of world politics. It is absolutely certain that the People's Republic of China will now have its rightful place in the U. N.

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"Once it becomes a member of the U. N. it is hoped that it will deal with all other nations more pragmatically than now, because the membership of the world organization will visit moral and political responsibilities on it...."

## Cairo: "Far-Reaching Transformation"

In his weekly article in Cairo's semi-official *al-Ahram*, chief editor Haykal, writing of "far-reaching Arab and international transformations that are taking place," noted among the latter:

"There is a Sino-U. S. rapprochement which will turn the international balance upside down. Its effect will be the strongest in the U. N., to which we must go, one way or another, asking it to implement its resolution on the Middle East crisis by the force of law or to let us implement this solution by the law of force."

## Rio: "Coexistence Will Benefit All"

Independent *Jornal do Brasil* of Rio de Janeiro declared that "to the extent that continental China's presence in the U. N. will strengthen the cause of peace... everything else certainly will point toward a coexistence that will benefit everyone."

A columnist felt that the Brazilian Foreign Minister had been "wise... in not prematurely promising Brazil's vote before all facts of the problem are known.

"There are two principles we cannot give up: the right for Formosa to maintain its U. N. membership, and an absolute refusal to permit imposition of an unwanted regime on 14 million people who inhabit a well-defined territory that meets all the requirements of a sovereign state."

## Buenos Aires Views

A commentator in conservative *La Prensa* of Buenos Aires stated today that "Nixon earned the title of champion of peace" with his China overture, "which will pay him excellent political results, even with youth and the extremists." A writer in strongly anti-Communist *La Nacion* of Buenos Aires argued that the U. S. is "already determined to deliver Taiwan to its fate, generating change of enormous importance in the world's strategic situation."

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Peking: No Comment on Press Conference

Communist Chinese media have not reported or commented on President Nixon's press conference.

"Japanese-U.S. Collusion"

NCNA yesterday continued its attack on Secretary Rogers' announcement on Chinese seating at the U.N. (see WTCI No. 104, August 4, 1971) in the form of a commentary circulated in its English service. It stated:

> "The reactionary Japanese Government headed by Sato has played an ignominious role in colluding with U.S. imperialism in carrying out the 'two-Chinas' plot. This has fully exposed the ambition of Japanese militarism once again to occupy China's territory of Taiwan by force.

> "After Rogers... dished out a statement on August 2 in which he opposed the idea of driving the Chiang gang out of the U.N. and continued to obstruct the restoration to the People's Republic of China of its legal seat in the U.N., the Japanese reactionaries immediately stepped forward to express their cooperation with this statement.

> "Japanese Prime Minister Sato declared on August 3: 'Rogers' statement was issued on the basis of close contacts between Japan and the U.S.'...

> "The Japanese reactionaries have long been working hand in glove with U.S. imperialism to promote the 'two-Chinas' plot....

> "The Sato Government is presently stepping up its activities in order to enable the Chiang gang to hang on in the U.N....

> "It is not accidental that the Japanese reactionaries should be so enthusiastic in furnishing ideas to U.S. imperialism and in cooperating with U.S. imperialism to create 'two-Chinas.' They aim not only to prevent the People's Republic of China from recovering its legal seat in the U.N., but also to interfere with China's internal affairs and occupy Taiwan. However, the schemes of the Japanese reactionaries can never succeed. They can only serve to further expose the ugly features of the Japanese reactionaries as running dogs of U.S. imperialism."

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## Pyongyang: "A Trip of the Defeated"

North Korea's KCNA news agency today circulated the text of an address by Premier Kim Il Sung delivered on the arrival in Pyongyang of former Cambodian head of state Prince Norodom Sihanouk. Kim said President Nixon's intention to visit Peking was evidence that the U.S. policy of hostility toward mainland China "has finally come to complete bankruptcy...."

"As the U.S. imperialist aggressors who had suffered a defeat in the Korean war in the past came out to Panmunjon with a white flag, so Nixon, in the end, is going to turn up in Peking with a white flag...."

"Nixon's visit to China will not be a march of a victor but a trip of the defeated, and it fully reflects the destiny of U.S. imperialism which is like a sun sinking in the western sky. This is a great victory for the world's revolutionary people."

## Moscow Report of News Conference

Monitored Soviet media have not yet commented on the President's press conference. Moscow's domestic service on Wednesday ran a 12-line report of the conference which stated that the date of the Peking visit would be fixed within two or three months and that he would be accompanied by Secretary Rogers and Dr. Kissinger. The report, which omitted reference to the President's statement that he would not hold a summit conference with Soviet leaders before the Peking visit, concluded:

"In Nixon's words, his talks with the Chinese leaders would not mean the immediate ending of the Vietnam war. The President acknowledged that the American Government is being criticized for failing to answer the PRGRSV peace proposals made in Paris. He refused to say when the U.S. would reply to the seven-point PRGRSV proposal for a peace settlement in Vietnam."

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