1

January 6th, 1890.

Prof. A. C. Dawson,

Lake Forest University,
Lake Forest, Ill.

My dear Sir:-

Elkanah returned home and after two and a half or three years died. North is married and doing well. A letter addressed to him at Darlington, Ind. Ter., would reach him. After leaving us, Lamotte went home and took a course in Haskell University and in the University of Kansas, and while there was seized with some sudden illness which carried him off. I know no Indians in School near Chicago. I have heard something about a Catholic institution up that way but do not know of it certain. A very bright young fellow, an Apache, graduated from the Chicago Medical College two years ago and is now Agency physician for one of the Agencies in Nevada.

Yours sincerely,

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 18

January 6th, 1891.

Daniel Jackson,

Delwin, Mich.

My dear Sir:-

It is imperative that we carry our Indian youth
forward to some knowledge of something in books and in industry.
It is not possible for us to do that if we are to listen to the
importunities of parents to have them returned for this or that
cause. Your son Daniel is in the right hands and doing that which
is best for his future, and I cannot feel it at all right to bring
in on his education and send him home as you desire. You know
the good Book tells us that it is the little education that is
the dangerous thing. I hope you will allow me to keep your boy be-
yond that part, so that he will not have that dangerous thing, a
little education, but will know enough to be of some use to
himself and his times.

VOL. 18

3

January 6th, 1891.

Constant Bread,

First Sergeant Indian Scouts,

San Carlos, Arizona.

My dear Constant:-

I am very greatly pleased to get your letter
and to know of your promotion. Am glad also to read the sentiments
you express in regard to yourself and your people. Doing right
and working is what will bring peace and plenty to you and your
people. It is wrong doing and being lazy that kills them off.
Everybody that does right and works is not in the way, but those
who do wrong and do not work are always in the way.

We had a grand time here Christmas and New Years;
quite a number of nice entertainments. A great many of our
students came in so we had nearly 600 Indian boys and girls at the
table. Nearly 700 lbs. of turkey, several barrels of apples, nuts,
candies, raisins and many other good things. Of course, we have
an increase in the hospital on account of it for some must always
eat more than they ought. I am very very sorry to hear that so
many of your people get into the Guard House. That is not a good
record. Now that you are First Sergeant of the Scouts and have
something to do with good order, I trust next years' report will

VOL. 18

5

January 6th, 1891.

Col. R. G. Marmon,

Laguna, N. M.

Dear Colonel:-

I send Walter home with the greatest reluctance.

He is ambitious and settled in his determination to get an educa-
tion and graduate, and were it not for your personal interest I
should feel like denying it. Walter himself says that he only
agrees to go home if he can return. Of course, he wants to see
his sister if she is very sick. It will, as you can readily see,
complicate me in determining like questions from your quarter.
It will be held out that I yielded to you and to others and it is
a very simple thing to have one of the family sick and make de-
mands of this kind. I write plainly to you, because I know you
can understand and will appreciate the circumstances. So soon
as the crisis is past I trust you will notify me promptly, and I
will arrange for Walter's return to Carlisle. He is a good boy
and getting on well and deserves to go through to some sort of
substantial ground before he leaves us.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 18

6

January 6th, 1891.

Martin L. Smith,

Tiff City, Mo.

Dear Martin:-

If your health is entirely <u>immediately</u> restored, and I
should like to have a certificate of the Agency physician, I would
not object to your returning to Carlisle at any time you see fit.

In regard to the wagon, we can sell you one and
the cost to you would be $65. on board the cars here.

Hoping you had a pleasant Christmas and a good be-
ginning for the new year,

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 18

January 6th, 1891.

Henry J. Kendal,

New Mexico.

My dear Henry:-

I thank you for your letter and the good sense of
it. I did not know that the Messiah craze had reached your
people but I am exceedingly pleased that there was one Carlisle
student that could stand up and make some opposition to it.
I sincerely hope that you may be entirely recovered and able to
resume your education in September, as you propose.

With most cordial greetings to you, and best wishes,

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 18

8

January 6th, 1891.

Miss Laura A. Reed,

Care, Mrs. L. H. Warren,

Albuquerque, N. M.

Dear Laura:-

It is pleasant to get a letter from you again after
so long a silence. I am exceedingly glad to know that you are
living in Albuquerque with white people and that you are doing
well. I am sorry to hear about our returned boys and girls
going back to the Indian ways, but I do not think it will be
possible for them to go clear back to their old ways. What they
have received in the way of education will tell some time in favor
of the work that has been done for them.

We have nearly 800 children here. 214 are out in
families. We have good health and everybody is getting on nicely.
It will be a great pleasure to us to see you back here at any
time. General and Mrs. Morgan told me about some of our boys and
girls who were doing very well.

Give my kindest regards to Mattie, ask her to
write to me and write me again.

Sincerely, your friend,

VOL. 18

January 6th, 1891.

Dr. Ruel B. Karib,

University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Friend:-

Since receiving yours I have been in Washington
for a number of days or would have answered sooner. I am very
glad to know that you belong to that great class of Dr. Trumbull's
which has been such a good friend to us here at Carlisle. I thank
you for your cordial sentiments. I should be glad to see you
here at Carlisle again before you return. If you have the time
to spare advise me and I will send you tickets to go up and send
you back and entertain you while you are here

Sincerely yours,

VOL. 18

OVERLAPPING TEXT

January 6th, 1891.

O. A. Freeman, Supt.

Orphans' Home,
Watertown, N. Y.

My dear Sir:-

The children of the Indians of New York are not entitled to the benefits of this School, because there are no Treaty agreements between them and the United States covering such privileges. I have, at the suggestion of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, varied from this and taken children with a view of placing them in other schools, but it seems to me that New York ought to take care of her population and it is rather weak for them to appeal to the U. S. Government at this day. The same thing can be done in New York that we are doing here in Pennsylvania. We bring Indians from the lowest tribes, and after giving them a knowledge of English and discipline in our school, we find homes in families where they can work out their own salvation, giving their labor out of school for their keep and attending the public school. It is a very simple matter and only needs to be attempted to succeed. I trust you will be able to manage your little Indian protégé in this way up there.

Yours sincerely,

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PERMISSION.
THE YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VOL. 18

January 5th, 1891.

Miss Louise M. Keith,

3324 0 Street,

Georgetown, D. C.

Dear Friend:-

We remember our Baltimore meeting and your entertainment of our students. It has been quite a good many years since I have had any correspondence or relations with the Baltimore Indian interests, and I often hoped and wondered whether our visit had produced any results. I expect to be in Washington Wednesday night at the Ebbitt House, remaining through the meeting of the Board of Indian Commissioners Thursday and Friday. If at all possible, I will run over to Georgetown and see you. A note to me at the Ebbitt House that you will be at home will be my guide. It will not be practicable for me to stop with you for the reason that I will have use for every moment of my spare time, outside of the meeting of the Board, in attending to business matters connected with the School. Bears Heart died soon after his return home. We had every evidence of his being a sincere Christian. I cannot now recall the other students that were on that trip, or I could tell you something of them. Many are faithful; some are not. The deplorable condition of Indian

VOL. 18

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 18

L. M. K., 2.

affairs is a great weight upon us. It is well, however, for us
to remember that out of the 260.000 Indians the noise that per-
meates everywhere throughout the country relates to only about
3.000.

Yours sincerely,

January 6th, 1891.

Mr. Henry A. Kennerly,

Piegan, Mont.

My dear Mr. Kennerly:—

I have yours of December 26th, and I quite entirely agree with your position in regard to taking time and becoming fully satisfied of the worth of those that you bring in. I will say that if you bring us good worthy pupils you may add to the number very materially. I do not expect you to ignore mixed bloods entirely, but it has developed since you came that quite a number of those who came from Montana, not only in your party but in other parties, were attending Public schools there who could have continued. This, as you know, is entirely in my line of thought for Indians, and while the schools may not be in all respects able to advance them as rapidly as we do in the mere matter of books there is, in the association with other children and the struggle to acquire an education, so much that is of greater importance than books, that I feel that to bring in any who can have such privileges there to us is a mistake. I stand ready to cooperate with you and to forward you the transportation as soon as you inform me that it is needed. It would be rather better for us if they came in March than now.

VOL. 18

14

H. A. K., 2.

It is not practicable for us to lower the ages. Children under 12
are not capable of entering into the full routine of our school,
and it is better that they get a start in the Home Schools.

We anticipate the pleasure of seeing you here not a little. I am
glad to tell you that we got through the winter so far exceedingly
well, with 800 children under our care we passed now more than
four months without a death, notwithstanding we have had several
cases of pneumonia. My good doctor and his efficient nurse
seem able to carry through such cases most successfully.

With cordial greetings to you for the new year,

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 18

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 18

15

January 6th, 1891.

Felix Eaglefeather,

My dear Felix:—

Glad to hear of your safe return and your disposition to "work out your own salvation." I might add the rest of that sentence, which will be applicable in your case as it is in every other,— "with fear and trembling." If there is anything I should constantly caution my boys and girls about it is over-confidence. Before they know much of anything they think they know a great deal. I hope you will never be of this sort. If you should by any chance gain great mental power and be able to make yourself worthy in some important department of life you will realize that the more you know the more apprehension you will have in regard to your ability and your success or failure.

I grant you the permission which you solicit, to correspond once a month.

Faithfully, your friend,

16

January 6th, 1891.

Geo. Bush Otter,

Hedgesville, Western Va.

My dear George:-

The girls are back and report having had a good time. It was very kind of you to invite them to make a visit.

What a very sad condition of things it is up on the Dakota Reservation. I am waiting with no little anxiety to see what a day will bring forth.

With best wishes for you and yours,

VOL. 18

17

January 5th, 1891

Peter Wasaquam,

Charlevoix, Mich.

My dear Friend:-

I am doing the very best thing for Theresa. She needs just the experience I am giving to her. It is the kind of experience I give to my own daughter. She is not hindered in her School work, for she has opportunities in a good school where she is, and her constant association with bright, active young white youth will do more for her than being here at Carlisle in the midst of a large number of Indians who are, many of them, much more ignorant than she is. This you must admit yourself. As you have given her to me for a time in order that I might advance her education I trust you will not hinder me in doing that which I know to be for her own good. Under some impulse, probably from you she returned to Carlisle, brought all of her things but I am sending her back to her place to-day, and shall hold her there for the present. Trust me that I desire and will see that she is advanced as rapidly as her capacity will allow.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 18

January 7th, 1891.

Sarah J. Collins,
Penn's Manor,

Tullytown, Pa.

Dear Madam:-

Your note to Mr. Campbell asking why the case of
Tavern-keeper Sterling never came to trial comes to me.

We pushed the matter and had it squarely before the
U. S. Court. In addition to the influences Mr. Sterling brought
to bear to arouse our sympathy and his admissions of his guilt, but
claiming guilt without knowledge, he brought before the District
Attorney and myself evidence that he was, as most everybody else
appears to be, entirely ignorant of the United States laws govern-
ing these matters and begged that the case might be dismissed and
he kept from going to jail. His position was sustained and his
appeal pressed by most influential friends, particularly an
official in Washington of high standing who had known Mr. Sterling
all his life. It was the District Attorney's opinion, as well
as the opinion of his predecessor, that the ends of justice had
been fully met, that there would be no repetition of the offence
and that it would have its full weight and effect upon all whisky
sales in that section.

VOL. 18

S. J. Cg 2.

Under these circumstances, it seemed to me better
for this time to err, if there were error, on the side of mercy,
and I gave my consent that the case should be withdrawn. I knew
that our friends in that locality would have some feeling on the
subject and yielded to the pressure very reluctantly, but with the
fullest understanding that it should not in any way shield Sterling,
or any others in that locality, in the future.

Mr. Sterling was undoubtedly thoroughly alarmed and
greatly punished at the prospect of spending a portion of his life
in jail. All the fight was taken out of him and he begged for
mercy.

I should be glad if you would make these facts
known to our friends in your locality.

VOL. 18

20

January 7th, 1891.

J. W. Leeds,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Esteemed Friend:-

I do not think your *History* has had any influence to carry the few of our pupils who have gone with their parents and friends into the Messian difficulties, away from the good road.

I, on the contrary, think that had it not been for your *History* they would have gone much further and many more of them would have gone. Seven covers the number we have been able to hear about and they have all been led by parental and family pressure. I am hopeful that the end is close and that the atmosphere will clear and give us far better conditions in the near future.

VOL. 18

January 7th, 1891.

J. Churchill,

1111 Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

We often take up travelling entertainments like
yours, when passing Carlisle, at greatly reduced figures. I
think we would like the Obrey India entertainment, coming Feb.
10th, but it would all depend upon the cost to us. Will you
please notify me about this and what time we could have.

VOL. 18

22

January 7th, 1891.

Dr. Edward C. Mann,

128 Park Place,

Brooklyn, N. Y.

My dear Doctor:-

I have wanted to write to you for several days in regard to your letter of December 23rd, and to thank you for the account of your meeting. I am using the very bright remark by your young Indian in regard to the ancestry of the white man in our next "Red Man."

I think that your best chance to get what you want in the way of photographs will be through Major J. W. Powell, of the Ethnological Bureau in Washington. A letter directed to him would at least put you on the track. I could send you some pictures of our students belonging to the tribes named, but the tribal characteristics and dress would be wanting, and, too, their period in school will have, to a very great extent, removed the Indian appearance.

Eunice died very suddenly. We have a very bright little girl here of five who speaks English well and whom I think it is pleased with as any you could obtain, should

VOL. 18

Dr. M., 2.

you be able to persuade Mrs. Mann to agree to your wishes.

I hope you will read my next Red Man on environment.
I have not yet read Capt. King's campaign in with Crook, in fact
have not been where I could get it. I am exceedingly fond of the
way he writes.

My later reports from Nellie sind are excellent.

Nancy Cornelius has graduated and is in demand at
$15.00 a week, among the better families of the City of Hartford.

She has brought three typhoid cases through successfully and at
last accounts was taking a case of diphtheria. Beyond all question, we are on right lines in not only getting the Indians into our civilization but in keeping them.

VOL. 18

24

January 7th, 1891.

James P. Tustin,

Att'y. at Law,
Washington, D. C.

My dear Sir:-

I forward you herein a letter from Miss Florence Carter, one of my teachers.

It seems to me that there was clearly neglect on the part of the authorities in Washington and that Miss Carter is entitled to recover. Will you please advise me in regard to it, and if you agree with me will you indicate what you think the case should be. It seems quite certain that Miss Carter will lose at least, two months.

VOL. 18

25

January 7, 1891.

Capt. R.H.Pratt,Supt.,

Dear Sir:

During the holidays I went with a party from
Carlisle to Washington to spend a few days sight-seeing. There
had been a heavy snow-storm a few days before and the sidewalks
were very icy. As I was going from the Church of the Covenant on
Sunday morning, Dec. 28th. in company with several of our party
Miss Botsford and I slipped and fell on the ice in front of a house
on N. Street, occupied by a Mr. Robbins. The walk was entirely cov-
ered with ice and no ashes nor anything to prevent slipping had
been used. Miss Botsford was not hurt, but after the fall I could
not use my right foot, and when Dr.King whose office is on M. St.
N.W. near 9th. St. was called he said the ankle was sprained and
the end of the small bone broken, and that I must not use my foot
for six or eight weeks at least. Dr.Dixon, our school physician
thinks the bone is not broken, but the ligaments over the ankle
bone, and agrees with Dr.King that I cannot use my foot for six
weeks and possibly for a much longer period.

It has been repeatedly urged upon me to make a claim against
the City of Washington, covering at least my Doctor bills and loss
of time, and I fear I may be permanently injured. Will you please
advise me.

VOL. 18

27

January 15th, 1891.

William Denomie,

1220 E. St. Clair Street,
Ashland, Ashland Co., Wis.

My dear Sirs:-

If you have the certificate of the Indian Agent
at Ashland that you are entitled as an Indian to the benefits of
this School, and can furnish me some evidence that you are worthy
and well intentioned, I shall be very glad to have you come here
and continue your education. Your brother is younger than we
care to have. Our age is 12 years. Children under that had
better go to school at home. We have a large number, and they must
be old enough to take care of themselves to a considerable extent.
If entitled to the benefits of this school, your reporting here
would be sufficient. If a party were coming from your agency
you could be one of the party and avoid expense, but as I am not
arranging for any to come in you would have to pay your own trans-
portation.

VOL. 18

28

January 15th, 1891.

Mr. T. W. Potter,

Darlington, Ind. Ter.

Dear Mr. Potter:-

On inquiry I find that the blankets were not registered, that they were sent as ordinary official mail in regular mail box, just as we receive supplies in considerable quantities from Washington. The blankets are probably in use in some of the petty offices along the mail lines in the territory. I do not see why it is not perfectly practicable for the agent to charge up the blankets as an issue to the students who came here at the time. I am continually doing that with students who return to agencies. Talk to Major Ashley about it and see if that cannot be done. If not, and receipt from me covering blankets will do I am willing to take up five pairs and charge them to the same students here; but I think he can do it just as well as I can.

VOL. 18

29

January 15th, 1891.

Mrs. Louise M. Keith,
3324 0 Street,

Georgetown, D. C.

Dear Mrs. Keith:-

I twice attempted to get over to Georgetown
while in Washington, but it was not possible for me. Every
moment that I had, and more, was demanded by the urgent affairs
that took me to the City. I feel very sorry and intended to
write you before about it, but it was not practicable to do that.

Bear's Heart died soon after his return home in
1880 or 1881. Etahdeluh married one of our girls, returned home
and engaged in work among his people where he was rendering most
valuable service when he suddenly sickened and died within a few
hours.

At some time I visit Washington I hope to see you,
but it is very doubtful as when I do go I am kept so busy.

VOL. 18

30

January 15th, 1891.

A. M. Wood,

147 School Lane,
Germantown, Pa.

Dear Arthur:-

Your box has arrived safely. I only write a
word to say that I have been away for a week and am too busy to
give it immediate attention. When I get around to it I will open
it and return to you, as you desire, the slides sent before.

Nana is attending Prickett's College, at the corner
of Chestnut and Broad Streets, in the Girard Building, and board-
ing at 1614 Montgomery Avenue. She asked me about the interior
picture of her room, wondering if it had come out in good shape.

I trust you will get us a nice little heading for
our letter paper. When you have completed the number that you
propose send me a bill and I will forward you check.

VOL. 18

January 15th, 1891.

Mr. W. B. Beitzel, Agent,

Gettysburg Junction, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

It is quite impossible for me to add anything to the information in my letter. The boy has returned to the country, and I am sure I questioned him as closely as I could at the time. His statement was corroborated by the fact that he was furnished a sum of money by his employer, sufficient to pay his return expenses, and had not the money to give to me for a return ticket, so that I had to supply him from here.

As it must be evident to you that this ticket has not been used, if you will simply replace it to us we will not day anything more about it. The Railroad Co. is exceedingly kind and I am sorry that I have caused so much correspondence about so small a matter.

The correspondence and ticket are herewith returned to you.

VOL. 18

34

January 15th, 1891

J. H. Thiry,

Long Island City, Long Island, N. Y.

My dear Sir:-

I think that you must excuse me from furnishing
reports to you in regard to our Savings Bank system. It is
quite entirely as much as I can do to keep the Government informed
in regard to our business affairs, and that I am compelled to do.
I do not know that I concur entirely with your views and to fur-
nish you the reports you desire, and have you publish them, would
indicate that I do.

I say this in all kindness.

VOL. 18

35

January 15th, 1891.

G. Linn Ulmer, Esq.,
409 William Street,

Elmira, N. Y.

My dear Sir:-

We had 200 boys in line in the parade, aside from
the Band of 25 pieces and five floats representing the different
stages of Indian conditions, the Treaty of Penn, the Camp scene
and the Industries and School room. I send you a paper giving
an account of them. In addition to this I send you my last
annual report, which contains practically the sentiments that
inspire me in my work here.

VOL. 18

36

January 16th, 1891.

My dear Wotherspoon:-

I entirely agree with you in regard to the money which Jason Betzinez sent to his mother. I do not know what the appeal to him was, but it is a common occurrence for our boys to get appeals from home, and as the parents at the agencies are really generally in sore need I encourage the boys to send, especially to their mothers. If Jason's mother has a chance there to earn money it would be better that the $10.00 remaining came back to his account here. He is a good, industrious, thrifty fellow, with quite a little bank account. I am endeavoring to work the boys up to means enough to purchase Agricultural or other implements of civilized warfare when they go out from us.

I am still in slight hope that Mrs. Pratt and I can take a little run South before March is over, but things are bearing down on us pretty heavily, and it is not by any means certain. The enemies of the Indians are filling the country with such moralizing notices that we who have anything to do with them officially have had our difficulties very greatly increased.

Three of my boys have been killed at Pine Ridge;
others wounded.

VOL. 18

Harrisburg, January 8th, 1891.

Editor World Herald,

Omaha, Neb.

Dear Sir:-

A letter was handed me an hour ago, as I was leaving Carlisle, in which was a clipping from your paper of December 31st, being Mr. Tibbals' letter to you from Pine Ridge, dated December 25th. I utilize an hour's delay to write you this.

I wrote you Tuesday endorsing your sentiments in an editorial of some days previous. I am not inclined to make any special objections to Mr. Tibbals' warm statements and assertions, because they do not apply to me at Carlisle. I never made such claims of success for returned students as Mr. Tibbals truthfully says Genl. Armstrong has. In proof of this statement I send you a marked copy of my last annual report, with marked extracts from former annual reports for ten years back. By this you will see what the Carlisle purposes have been and now are. While I have never agreed with General Armstrong and his excessive claims of success, and have always esteemed them unfortunate for the whole school work, it is due to General Armstrong to say that, so far as I know, no pupils have ever gone from Pine Ridge to Hampton, and that Carlisle has had from that agency quite a considerable number.

VOL. 18

38

E. W. H., 2.

Being away from my records I cannot name them, but I have written back asking that a full list be sent Mr. Tibbals at once. Notwithstanding his course indicates him to be inimical, I believe his inquiries and other statements will help us to reach a basis of truth and proper action, and this is all we are striving for.

I am on my way to Washington in response to urgent invitations to be present and give my views at the meeting of the Board of Indian Commissioners, Church Secretaries, and other of the much denounced so called sentimentalists. Wishing to be sure of my words, I prepared a paper, and had triplicate copies made, that if what I say is to go to the press in any way I may have a couple of extras to give, and thus guard against being misquoted. To show you where I stand on the Indian question, I send you herein, with full liberty to use, a copy of this paper which I expect to read this afternoon.

Yours truly,

Capt. 10th Cav'y.,
Supt. Carlisle Indian School.

VOL. 18

39

January 15th, 1891.

Rev. D. H. Cooper,

156 Cottage Street,
Lockport, N. Y.

My dear Sir:-

Your letter of January 6th came in my absence, and
answer has been delayed on that account. In reply I inclose
you a copy of a letter I sent to Mr. Patterson, November 17th last.

I have no further advice or offers to make.

VOL. 18

40

January 16th, 1891.

Walter K. Almalle,
Laguna, N. M.

Dear Walter:-

I was very sorry indeed to hear that you did not
arrive in time to see your sister alive. It was not unexpected
to me that this should be the case. By the same mail bringing
your letter comes one from Robert Marmon telling me that you will
not return to Carlisle. I fear this is a mistake on your part
and on the part of your father and Robert.

Thank you for the information about our boys and
girls, and I shall be glad to hear of the others.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 18

41

January 16th, 1891.

Rev. James H. Cross,

Rosebud Agency, Dak.

My dear Mr. Cross:-

Thank you for the clipping and the little bit
of encouraging news about our students. So far I hear of three
who have been killed and two wounded, but under just what circum-
stances I have been unable to discover. The whole management of
affairs at the seat of war? is in the hands of those inimical
to Indian progress on true lines. I admire your pluck in stand-
ing by the situation, almost hopeless as it seems to be.

The difficulties within the Indian himself, which
block his way to civilization, self-support, etc., are not one
tenth as potent to hold him to his condition as the miserable
management and prejudices bequeathed to us from the past through
those who preach better and different things.

Cordially yours,

VOL. 18

42

January 16th, 1891.

Col. Robert G. Marmon,

Laguna, N. M.

My dear Colonel:-

It made us all sad to hear of the great loss
you have met in the death of your kind and faithful wife, and I
was sorry, too, that Walter failed to reach home in time to see
her. A letter from him gives me this information.

I feel that your conclusions, and those of Walter's
brother, in regard to Walter, as well as the previous action in re-
gard to Marie, have been unfortunate, amounting to almost quite a
calamity to them. We are confronted with constant difficulties
in reaching results because of the unwillingness of the parents
to give sufficient education to their children, and this leads
them to take them from school when they are still children, quite
entirely unable to contend in any way with mature people. I
apprehended the result in Walter's case, and said so to him, but
he seemed quite entirely determined, and asserted that it was his
intention to graduate from us. This, of course, would not give
him a very high education; it would only be reaching the Grammar
grade of our Public Schools, but it would be a great deal more
than he has at present and would tell immeasurably on his future.
A mere smattering of education, added to breaking up the school

VOL. 18

R. G. M., 2.

period before maturity is reached, invites all the failures and
retrogression we meet. When Marie returned we had every induce-
ment held out that she would return to us. It is no favor to
us, as most of the Indians seem to think, to send their children
to school. The loss is to them in not sending their children,
and in taking them away before they reach sufficient attainment.
However, you know all this just as well as I do, and it seems
absurd for me to speak of it to you. I do feel disappointed
that Walter is not to have the privilege which he himself most
emphatically asserted he wanted, and which was a condition of his
return. I realize at the same time how much the educational
advancement at Laguna is due to your good influences,
and the influence of your brother and Col. Pradt.

Please accept my condolence, and believe me,

VOL. 18

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 18

January 16th, 1891.

Hon. H. L. Dawes,

U. S. Senate,

Washington, D. C.

Dear Mr. Dawes:-

The Commissioner of General Land Office promised me some time ago that he would send me several new maps of the United States, issued by the Land Office, when they came out. I called upon him when in Washington a few days ago and he told me that Congress had taken entire control of the whole edition, and that they were being distributed under the direction of senators and members, that he himself had to ask members of Congress for copies when he wanted them, and that I could possibly get a couple by making such a request. If in your power to have a couple sent to me I should be greatly obliged.

Yours sincerely,

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 18

January 16th, 1891.

Chas. Aubrey,

Fort Benton, Mo.

Dear Mr. Aubrey:

Yours of January 2nd, containing a check for
$75.00, is just received.

Yours sincerely,

January 20th, 1891.

Mr. James M. Paul,

Omena, Mich.

Dear Sir:-

Your letter to Miss Eliza Paul at this school was opened by my order, and I have just read it. The character of such correspondence is so entirely contrary to our rules and the best interests of the young lady that I must inform you that no letters of yours will be allowed to get into her hands hereafter, and if you continue to write such stuff as XEXX to her, or any others at this school, I shall ask the Civil authorities to take charge of you. Letters containing such language are forbidden to be carried in the United States mails, and those who write them are liable to be prosecuted and sent to prison.

VOL. 18

52

January 20th, 1891.

Miss Ida Johnston,

Quapaw School,
v Baxter Springs, Kas.

My dear Miss Johnston:-

I have just received yours of the 14th,
and can again assure you of not only my willingness but ability
to help you to a training in a Normal School. The Government
will pay $167. per year towards your expenses. You may, if you
will, come here to Carlisle when you get ready, or if you know of
a Western School that suits you better you need not come here at
all, and I will arrange that you get this amount, at least; if
more is necessary I can help you with that. You write such good
letters and are under such good pay that I feel assured you must be
pretty well qualified as a teacher, without this special training.
However, one year in a good Normal School would be of great value
to you, as a year in a Women's College would also be. A young
lady of my acquaintance who had taught five years felt herself lack
ing in education to obtain the best results in her work, stopped
short in her teaching, and gave herself a course in Smith College
at Northampton, Mass., and I find on inquiry that quite a good
many, especially in New England, adopt this course. After teach-

VOL. 18

53

I. J., 2.

ing for years they go through college. The same sum could be
had should you desire to do that.

I think a great deal of the young man and believe
that your sister's interests will be in good hands.

In regard to the return of the children next year,
I am not willing to say at present that I think it best they
should return. Eva graduates from the High School in June, and
if she is not going to take any higher course, it would be right
and best that she should go to the place she may have selected for
her future home, or elsewhere.

The education and training for future usefulness.
should be exalted to very much greater importance and held far
above the desires of even the children or parents to be with each
other. Stopping short of sufficient education is the weakness
of it all, as in your own case, for instance. The children,
having had no experience, do not feel it as you do who have had
experience, and we who know how they will feel hereafter about it
should hold them to the lines of education while we have the
opportunity.

With cordial and best wishes,
Yours sincerely,

VOL. 18

54

January 20th, 1891.

Mrs. Osage,

Arapahoe, Cantonment, Ind. Ter.

My dear Friend:-

Your letter addressed to me and to your son, John W. Pipe, is just received. Your son is too weak to travel. It is not possible for him to go home. If it were possible, I would gladly send him. I am, of course, very sorry, but it was not possible to conclude that your son was going to get into this condition in time to send him home. We thought all the time he was going to recover and would return to the School. He is near Trenton, in the hands of a kindly family, and a great deal better cared for than he could be at home. I have great sympathy for you in this trouble. If it were in my power to grant your wishes I would gladly do it.

VOL. 18

55

January 20th, 1891.

Miss Laura J. M. Reid,

Albuquerque, New Mex.

My dear School-daughter:

I am very glad indeed to have your letter of the 11th, and to know of your desire to return to Carlisle.

It is not practicable for us to bring in a party of pupils from the Pueblos just now. If I knew that we could make up a party of twenty good students, I would arrange, in the course of two months, for them to come in. It is not best that we take your sister and her children, nor do I think it would be well for James Miller, of any of the older ones, to come here. They are now grown and have sufficient education and training to get on well, and there are so many children who have not this education and training that I believe it would be better for them to stick to their work and make the best of it. I should be glad to have you return, as I would have been glad to have you return when you first went home. There are quite a good many girls who should have come back to us, Marie Anallo, and others.

If in your talking to boys and girls of 13 or 14 to 18 years of age, you find there is a number of good ones who care

VOL. 18

57

January 20th, 1891.

Cecilia Londrosh,

Normal School,
Millersville, Pa.

My dear Cecilia:-

I congratulate you upon presenting a very
clean and nicely written letter on the type-writer. If you have
speed in proportion to the correctness you exhibit you are cer-
tainly making good gains. The shorthand I wish you would push;
make the most of that while you are there.

In regard to the other move you propose to make, I
suggest that you go on through the year at Millersville, and as I
am impressed now I am favorable to your taking up the other after
necessary you should go to work. It would be
itself for the work that you are intending and
yourself to work out higher things.

Clara has charge of Miss Carter's room. During a
visit in Washington, at the holidays, Miss Carter fell on the ice
and sprained her ankle, so that she has been laid up ever since
and is likely to be for some weeks to come. This made it necessary
for us to have some one take her place. Clara aspired to it and

VOL. 18

C. L., 2.

I sent her down to see Dr. Lyte who conceded that it would be a
good thing for her to have the experience. She seems to be doing
quite well.

The affairs of the school are made known to you
through the Helper, so that I need not spend time to tell you of
them.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 18

59

January 19th, 1891.

J. Henry Bartlett,

Principal, Friends' School,
140 N. 16th Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Mr. Bartlett:-

I am not able to give your friend any
hair-splitting notions on the obduracy of Indian women. I think
it is bosh that they are any more difficult to manage than the man.
savage
There are undoubtedly cases in such life where certain women hold
large sway, but there are also quite as many, or more, cases
where Indian men hold larger sway. I have not found in my ex-
perience that Herbert Welsh's theories amount to enough to con-
sider. Indian women and Indian girls are as amenable to good
common sense notions as Indian men and boys. I do not think that
the difficulties in solving the Indian problem are anywhere near
as numerous on the side of the Indian as on the side of the white
man. The white man is continually giving to the Indians qualities
that they do not possess, and through his own distorted notions of
the Indians consigning them to conditions that make their progress
impossible.

I invite your special attention to my notions in

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61

January 19th, 1891.

Otto Chief Eagle,

Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota.

My dear Otte:

Thank you for your letter and the information it contains. I am so glad to hear that neither Mack Kutepi or Edward Starr were killed. We had heard and published in the Helper that both were killed.

In regard to the three boys whom you tell me want to come to Carlisle, I have written Capt. Pierce, your agent, and if he favors it I will send some one or go myself to Pine Ridge for quite a party at once.

I am glad to hear that you have work to do and that you are sticking to it. I do hope that you will be one of the early and late boys, always industrious and careful to obey the orders given you. If you can do that right along I am sure Capt. Pierce and those over you will want you.

VOL. 18

January 19th, 1891.

Napoleon Laravde,

Niobrara, Neb.

My dear Sir:-

Your two brothers are both taking care of themselves
By their own labor they are in the line of developing and making
men of themselves, and I will not hinder them nor check their
progress by allowing them to return to you as you desire. It
would not aid you in any way if they were there. It is their
business now to become men and look out for themselves and get
away and out from the Government poorhouse.

Yours truly,

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63

January 19th, 1891.

Chester P. Cornelius,

1528 Market Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Chester:-

Thanks for your letter, and I rejoice at the
good accounts you give of your case. 25 copies of the report
and the Red Man you ask were sent.

I do not know that I sympathize with your joining
the Indian Rights forces, or Mrs. Cox' They will make use of
what you say in their favor and will leave out that which does not
agree with their purposes. That has been their course always.
They did the same with Joshua Given and finally captured him en-
tirely, and I think did a great deal to ruin his usefulness. They
are looking about for new means of support. They manage to
gobble the charity of the country and put out notions that are not
healthy or best on the Indian question. They will make much of
you and work on your vanity a great deal. My advice to you would
be to just simply say no, and keep away from them. However, I
do not want to limit your independence.

The school gets on nicely. We had a delightful
visit from Mr. Chamberlain of Brazil. Ex Agent Miles was here

VOL. 18

C.P. C., 2.

yesterday.

I have concluded that it is best to let Howard
Logan go home, for the present at least, and he starts this evening
Miss Burgess leaves for Washington to-day for an absence of two
weeks to rest, which she needs very much. In her absence Jim
will push matters and help on the Red Man. The Red Man coming
out this week contains some strong material on my lines. I hope
when you get it you will read it carefully and reflectively.

Please let me hear from you from time to time,

Cordially, your friend,

VOL. 18

January 19th, 1891.

Mr. Robert A. McFadden,

Amherst, Mass.

Dear Robert:-

I have been intending every day since my return to
drop you a line, but visitors and a rush of work have forced me to
lay aside many little matters.

We shall be very glad to make the acquaintance of
Miss Shaffner. Mrs. Pratt will call on her.

The Tribune of the 12th gave your telegram quite
entire, and the following day a squib editorial which was all
right. Since my return a letter from Dr. William Hayes Ward, of
the Independent, asks me for my paper, part of which he would like
to print in the Independent, and offers to pay me for it. I have
sent him the entire paper, hoping he will print it as a whole, and
declining the pay. I am not without a great deal of hope that
much good will come out of the recent disturbances; if new lines
of work are established the gain will be very great. It is hard
to tell what will happen. The Tribune's article has given healthy
editorials in several leading papers. If the Christian Advocate
prints the paper in full, as you seem to think it would, and the
Independent also, the notions that I have will be well before the

VOL. 18

69

January 19th, 1891.

J. Churchhill,

My dear Sirs:-

As we are entirely within ourselves here, it will
not be necessary for us to have much of an announcement. I would
thank you for a few copies of the programme, say two dozen, if you
could spare them, such as you sent me. We have a grand piano
in the Hall, and I am expecting Mr. Fischer's tuner, from Chest-
nut Street, here Friday and will have the piano tuned up.

I take it from your letter that we shall have
Mr. Obrey with us Wednesday night February 16th, and shall make
the arrangements accordingly. We will bring Mr. Obrey's trunk,
etc., from the Central Opera House, as you request.

Yours very truly,

Capt. & Sup't.

VOL. 18

January 20, 1891

W. A. & A. F. Mullin,
Mount Holly Paper Co.,
Mount Holly Springs, Pa.,

Please send
at your earliest convenience, 2000 sheets as per sample in
quality and size, plain.

VOL. 18

80

January 22nd, 1891.

Hon. Thomas J. Morgan,

Comnr. of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C.

Dear General:-

During your absence, on November 6th, a letter was written to me from the Office in reference to discrepancies between my annual report and my quarterly returns, for use in the statistics required for your annual report. I replied on November 7th, and, as I thought, very explicitly, but your report shows that my letter was not favorably considered. I am disappointed in this

I think it quite a mistake. I gave every dollar of cost

except the small sum paid under contract for the transportation of our pupils from New York here. All transportation of supplies paid for by me are included, also all transportation of students, the stock cattle, the $3,000.00 civilization fund, for Teacher's Dining Hall, and I even included the money taken up from the sale of condemned property and hides, which was really a part of our money and should not have gone in.

On looking over the appropriation for Haskell, for instance, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890, I find that Haskell was allowed $85,500, and in addition to that there was $15,000 of a former appropriation which they could use

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 18

81

2, T. J. M.,

For steam heating apparatus. I happen to know that that steam
heating apparatus went into the buildings. It is reasonable also
suppose that they spent a considerable sum for transportation
of pupils, as well as something additional for transportation of
supplies. I am led from this to believe that the reports of
the other Training schools are not represented on the same basis
as Carlisle, and that the figures in your report do not fairly
give the facts.

I do not think you intend to be unfair to us, but
your report, as it stands, certainly is. I invite your attention
to this matter and express the opinion that it is entirely right
and fair that every expense of whatsoever nature should enter into
the computation of the cost of the several schools, Hampton and
Lincoln, and other such schools, included. It is not fair that
there should be concealment. I insist that the difference in the
cost of transporting goods from East to the Western schools will
go a good way towards balancing the excess in cost we have to pay
for transporting pupils to the East, and that it would be right
not the cost of transportation of students, and the cost of trans-
portation of supplies, should go in, but buildings, and other in-
tractible property might properly be left out.

VOL. 18

January 24th, 1891.

Rev. J. M. Buckley, D. D.,
Editor, Christian Advocate,

150 Fifth Avenue, New York.

My dear Doctor:-

Your letter of January 8th lay in the Eobit House
at Washington until yesterday when it was forwarded to me here.
At the same time I receive four copies of the Christian Advocate
containing parts of my address at Northampton. I certainly feel
complimented by your little editorial notice, and am obliged to
you for giving me so much space in the Advocate. I would like
to talk very plainly to the public upon the present phase of the
Indian question, and would gladly do so through your columns, but
occupying as I do a double position, being an officer in the Army
specially detailed by Congress here, and being under the direction
of the Interior Department, and there being at the present time a
strong feeling between the two Departments, I do not think it
wise or best to go farther just now than I have in the views which
you have printed.

VOL. 18

January 24th, 1891.

George S. Fisher,

State Sec'y., Y. M. C. A.,

Topeka, Kas.

My dear Sir:-

Replying to your letter of 20th inst., I have to
respectfully inform you that such young men as we have at this
school, at all capable of filling the place you desire, are em-
ployed here, and for their own personal good and advancement it
is better they remain. I do not see how it is possible for us
to aid your praiseworthy purposes at the present time. My own
judgment is that it would be better you send an active capable
young white man who could organize and utilize the favorable ele-
ment already on the ground at Cheyenne and Arapahoe Agency.

Fraternally and Cordially yours,

VOL. 18

January 24th, 1891.

Mrs. O. Spruce,

L'Anse, Mich.

Dear Friend:-

Your daughter Nellie is getting on nicely. We
do send out a report every month in connection with her home letter
I cannot understand why you do not receive this. Our card re-
port indicates the health, scholarship and standing of each student
and each student is required to write to his or her parents once
a month. If you fail getting this hereafter, please let me know
and I will look it up again.

January 24th, 1891.

Mary McMillan,

Petoskey, Mich.

Dear Friend:-

From inquiries I find that you are much beyond the
years at which we accept of students at this school, and I do not
see how I can gratify your wish to come here.

Your sister is well and doing well.

VOL. 18

88

January 26th, 1891.

C. M. Gregg,

Treas., City Schools,

Crawfordsville, Ind.

Dear Sir:-

We have had repeated accounts from our students during the troubles in Dakota, and while some eight or nine went off with their parents into the ghost dance and got into difficulty and one of our students, while in company with other young men on a raid after horses, was killed, we have satisfactory accounts of the loyal and good behavior of most of them. A pretty large proportion of the young men were enlisted as scouts and served the Government, so far as we can find out, loyally, some of them being placed in a good deal of peril.

I send you copies of my last report, and copy of our School paper, containing article by me which may interest you to read.

Yours sincerely,

Capt. & Supt.

VOL. 18

89

January 26th, 1891.

Miss Augustine V. Julien,

\#7 Acacia Street,

Cambridge, Mass.

Dear Madam:-

I do not feel warranted in referring you to any of
the accounts upon the present Sioux outbreak that I have seen, and
these are all newspaper and have passed out of my knowledge. Each
persen would write on their own lines. The military side would
represent its view; the agent and Indian Department side would re-
present its view, and the missionaries would, perhaps, present an
entirely different view. Miss Goodale wrote something that I
saw in a number of papers, - a letter addressed to the Commissioner
of Indian Affairs, which seemed to me to contain rather a CREATIVE
account.

The Indians have received a part of that which was
to go to them on account of the Treaty of 1889. The other part,
now that the military have gone in and spent a great deal of
money in military operations, has, by a recent Act of Congress,
been allowed.

We do not find any difference between Sioux children
and other Indian children. There is really no very great differ-

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90

A. V. J., 2.

ence between Indian children and the children of any race. There
is not enough to warrant expenditure of time in trying to discover
a difference.

I send you my last annual report and a paper in
which you will find some views of mine. I particularly call your
attention to a marked article in the Red Man which is the un-
corrected production of one of our graduates of last year, whose
whole civilized and schooling experience is compassed in eight
years. Beginning with no knowledge of English he has reached what
that article demonstrates. Our Board of Trustees was to meet
here, and it was deemed best by some of us to have one of the
students make a little speech to them and to the school. This
young man was selected for that purpose, and in three days time
he had written and committed his little address.

We have probably reached the end of the great
demonstrations and newspaper war, but probably have not yet re-
ceived a full expose of what has happened.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 18

93

January 26th, 1891.

My dear Sir:-

Replying to your letter of 22nd. I had charge of
the Tonkawa scouts at Fort Griffin on the Northern Border of Texas
during the years '73 - 4. I was then a First Lieut. in the 10th
Cav'y, and these Indians were entirely under military control.
I was not an Indian agent in any sense of the word more than you
are at present. Young men were enlisted as scouts at Fort Griffin
I had command of them and also had to look after the general in-
terests of the tribe who were held there as quasi prisoners, in
order to protect them from the Kiowas, Comanches and other Indians
of the territory. When I took charge of them there was much
trouble with whisky dealers. I found it impossible to catch the
dealers until I secured the services of one of the Indians, and I
succeeded in capturing quite a number and brought them before the
United States Commissioner. They were imprisoned and punished.
The records of these cases are all, I have no doubt, within reach,
if the proper archives can be looked over for the district in
which Griffin is situated. Fort Worth was then the legal head-
quarters. There was no hesitancy on the part of the U. S. Att'y.
of of the Court. I thus broke up the whisky traffic with the
Tonkawa Indians while I had charge of them, but I found it necessary
to handle the Indians severely who offended as well as those who

VOL. 18

94

W. W. W., 2.

sold them the whisky.

While in Florida, in charge of prisoners at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, during the years '75 to '78, whisky dealers in the town commenced to demoralize the Indians by selling them whisky. I caught one case of four Indians having received whisky from a certain saloon. I issued public notice through the papers informing the dealers of the penalties and handled the four Indians with considerable severity. After that, during the whole period of my stay in Florida, I had no trouble, and I do not believe that my Indians had whisky at all, though they had the run of the town after the first year pretty freely.

We have had a number of cases here. In one instance it concerned an Indian coming from your party. One whisky dealer in Bucks County was fined $1.000, and sent to jail for six months for selling whisky to our boys. I think there is no doubt that our cases here are exactly analagous to yours and the District Attorney has had no hesitancy in taking them up. We have just had a case before the Courts, in which the dealer was a comparatively respectable man, keeping a hotel. Both he and his attorneys conceded the criminality of his act in selling whisky to our boys in violation of the U.S. statutes, and begged on account of his family, his relations and his respectability to be saved from going to jail. Being fully satisfied, after listening to a

VOL. 18

96

January 27th, 1891.

Cecilia Londrosh,

State Normal School,
Millersville, Pa.

Dear Cecilia:-

I think it just as well that you come to Carlisle
next Friday afternoon or Saturday morning and spend Sunday with us
and give our doctor a chance to look at your eyes. He has pro-
cured appliances and can give an opinion which will at least be a
guide as to whether it would be best to incur the expense of
your going to the City or not. I believe you have a return ticket.
If not I will send you one.

VOL. 18

97

January 27th, 1891.

James Alexander,

Winnebago Agency,
Nebraska.

My dear Sir:-

Mattie sent me your letter, and I drew up the enclosed little form, which she has signed, authorizing you to act for her for one year. If she choosing to renew it the next year, then again the next year, she can do it from year to year over her own signature, which will be all the legal evidence you need to sustain you in acting for her.

VOL. 18

98

January 27th, 1891.

Samuel Townsend,

508 Wooster Street,
Marietta, O.

Dear Samuel: -

I saw General Eaton in Washington in the Comrs.'
Office, and he told me that the matter about your allowance was
practically settled. He must know all about it. It has quite
entirely passed out of my hands.

I am very sorry to hear of your illness and can
only caution you to be very careful and escape if possible becoming
a confirmed invalid.

VOL. 18

99

January 27th, 1891.

Moses Culbertson,

Pine Ridge Agency,

South Dakota.

My dear Moses:-

I thank you heartily for sending me the pictures,
and for giving me the more comforting information of the safety
of Mack Kutepi and Paul Eagle Star. Ota Chief Eagle who wrote us
the news first has sincewritten and contradicted it, and I place
what he said in last week's Helper.

I wish you would give me the names of our Carlisle
boys and girls who went out with the ghost dancers. Tell me if an
of them were killed or wounded, and also tell me who it was that
killed Lieut. Casey. Some of the papers have said it was a Car-
lisle student, and Luther Standing Bear wrote that Plenty Living
Bear had killed an officer. I do hope it will turn out as has
the information about Mack Kutepi and Paul Eagle Star, to be en-
tirely false. Please write me quick about it and tell me all
you can.

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101

January 28th, 1891.

Rev. W. H. Pierson,

Chaplain, U. S. A.,

Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.

My dear Chaplain:-

While it is a little hard on the Indian to do so, I should say that having himself taken the responsibility of three or four wives, it is his bounden duty as a man to look after those that he casts aside, to some extent, while, of course, it is eminently proper for him to take the white man's road and be satisfied with but one. While not able perhaps to enforce such a doctrine, I should do all I could in the way of reasoning to establish it. If the castaway wives were able to support themselves, as probably they are, under the circumstances I should say that they ought to have the greatest freedom to do that, and also to marry other men, provided the other men had no other wives. In regard to the fellows who have left their wives and now wish to marry others, it seems to me that is something that can only be judged about in each individual case. In the light of conditions in Chicago and elsewhere among our highly civilized masses, we must exercise a great deal of forbearance and lead rather than attempt to drive. I think your position as a man of God requires that

P. 2.

should, by all you can do, enforce proper principles and ideas.

I entirely agree with Mr. Wotherspoon, and, Commanding officer, that it was best you marry the young folks and give them full instructions as to their duties and obligations. Even though you have no license or authority under the laws of Alabama, you are entirely covered by the righteousness of the act. We have very little marrying here at Carlisle; quite a number after they leave Carlisle.

To stop the drinking you must punish the Indian who drinks, as well as the white man who gives him the whiskey. The Indians are so completely under the control of the military there that it would be much easier to accomplish the purpose through handling them than through handling the offender who sells them.

Glad you liked my paper. The Advocate only gave a portion of it.

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104

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 18

January 29th, 1891.

Miss Elizabeth D. Edge,

Downingtown, Pa.

Dear Miss Edge:

Thank you for the clipping, but we have no candidate
for the place sufficiently capable to meet duties in connection
with the insane. The only one of our nurse girls that I could
think of for the place is well employed, and at a good salary.

January 29th, 1891.

Rev. Wm. Hayes Ward, D. D.,

Editor, Independent,
251 Broadway, New York.

Dear Doctor:-

Referring to your proposition to pay me for my
article, I wish to reconsider and say that I would be glad to have
as many copies of the Independent containing the article as what
you would pay me for it would buy.

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 18

105

January 29th, 1891.

Miss Ida Johnstone,

Quapaw School,
Baxter Springs, Kas.

Dear Miss Johnston:-

All right; come to Carlisle in September, and we will place you in the best lines possible. I quite entirely agree with you as to the value of the name, and also the social privileges to be considered. The matter is now before me and I will look it over during the intervening months.

I would advise that your wardrobe dwindle, and supply yourself after you have reached your new surroundings, which you can undoubtedly do as clearly as you can at Quapaw.

OVERLAPPING TEXT

VOL. 18

January 29th, 1891.

January 29th, 1891.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Mr. Robert A. McFadden,

Amherst, Mass.

My dear Robert:-

Perhaps when I get farther into the newspaper
business I may feel more responsibility. As it is now, my whole
thought is to get before the country the right ideas on Indian
matters. If my notions cannot be made to float them, amount to
nothing. I wrote Dr. Ward and advised him, as I did in the case
of the Editor of the Manufacturer, that he may furnish me as many
papers as the money he would have paid me for my article will buy.

I was very greatly pleased with Dr. Buckley's
editorial and wrote him so.

Whether you fail or succeed as the apostle of the
Carlisle idea you certainly are on the right track, or else my
experience goes for nothing.

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107

January 29th, 1891.

Miss Lenore D. Montgomery,

2125 Uber Place,
Philadelphia, Pa.

January 29th, 1891.

Dear Miss Montgomery:-

I send you a copy of our paper containing
some views on the Indian question; also my last annual report.

This in reply to yours of 28th.

January 29th, 1891.

My dear Friend:-

I wrote a letter to the young woman a few days ago.
I understand her mind is not quite right, and also that she is
older than we are entitled to take here.

You will be sorry to hear that Mr. Standing is quite
ill. Otherwise, we are generally in fair health, and all goes
well with us at the school.

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VOL. 18

January 29th, 1891.

Dr. Carlos Montezuma,

White Rock, Nevada.

My dear Carlos:-

Yours of 20th received. If you can make up
a little party of good healthy youth, both boys and girls, not less
than one third girls, say 8 to 12 in number, whom you can recommend
as being of good character and determination, healthy, etc.,
none under 12, none over 20, I will arrange the transportation
for you when the time comes, and you can bring them on. We
would be glad to see you under such auspices.

108

February 2nd, 1891.

Genl. T. J. Morgan,

Comnr. of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C.

Dear General:-

I enclose to you a letter just received from
William F. Campbell, the young man that you agreed to allow
$167. per year for while he is taking a law course in Minnes-
ota University at Minneapolis. I am sorry that the Depart-
ment cannot more promptly attend to these cases. Samuel
Townsend, at General Eaton's College, in Ohio, also writes
me that he hears nothing from his allowance.

Campbell's account of the substance of the
ghost dance in Minnesota seems important. If you think worth
while for me to publish it please return the letter.

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115

February 2nd, 1891.

Rev. James Miller,

Kewadin, Antrim Co., Mich.

My dear Sir:-

Your daughter came with a bad lot of girls,
and I find that she associates with them more than she should
simply because they were known to each other before. In time
she will get over that and associate more with our better
class of girls, and then I trust she will get on better.
She has made complaints here, and I have once myself investi-
gated a case. She is unfortunately rather weak and incline
to do what these bad girls want her to. She has to learn
wisdom by experience. I am glad to have your full letter
about her and shall have her more constantly in mind and trust
that her condition may improve constantly. She is a bright,
nice girl and there is no reason why she should not get on
well.

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VOL. 18

February 2nd, 1891.

Chester P. Cornelius,

34 Montgomery Street,
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

My dear Chester:-

I have your letter from Poughkeepsie,
which is without date but I judge must have been written
about the 27th. Glad to hear of your safe arrival at your
new feeding ground and that you are apparently settled. I
have quite a full letter from Mr. Goodyear about his and your
experiences.

There is no question about the wisdom of keeping clear of Indian Rights people, and being careful of what you say.

I am delighted to know that you are so fully
relieved of your malady and trust it may continue throughout
life.

I send you the blanks and would advise that you
have them made up as early as practicable and get them
back to me.

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February 2nd, 1891.

W. S. Soule,

Photographer, Boston, Mass.

My dear Mr. Soule:

I want to make up a selection of Indian camp scene slides for my stereopticon. I have a pretty fair collection of the principal Indians of the different tribes. Do you make such things and could you supply me? Suppose you send me a collection of such photographs as you think would make good slides, and allow me to select say as many as fifty. Send them at my expense, and I will return such as I do not want, and pay you for such as I keep.

VOL. 18

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February 2nd, 1891.

Thomas McCorkell,
7th & Market Streets,
Wilmington, Del.

My dear Sir:-

I think you could purchase such slides as you want from W. S. Soule, Photographer, Boston, Mass. I do not know his number but that address will reach him. He has the best collection of Indian photographs I know of, and I have no doubt he is able to make the slides.

Yours truly.

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February 2nd, 1891.

George W. Means,

Pine Ridge Agency,
South Dakota.

My dear George:-

I thank you very much for your letter of 25th. It has very greatly relieved my mind, yet there is much that I would like to know that you have not written. I wish I knew just how many of our boys and girls were with the ghost dancers; how many were engaged in any fighting which took place; whether any others were wounded besides Clayton Brave. I heard that one was killed while stealing horses. Is that true? How many of our boys were enlisted as scouts and policemen? Did any of them do anything that was distinguished? I heard that Guy Belly went out with another policeman and that the hostiles shot at them and killed their horses. Is this true?

I should be glad if you would write me a full letter as soon as you can after you get this, so that I may know the facts.

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February 2nd, 1891.

E. R. Gravels,
Lockport, N. Y.

My dear Sir:-

I wrote two days ago to Mr. Patterson that he
might bring his two boys here, and if he delivers them here,
and they are satisfactory, we will undertake to do what we
can for them.

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VOL. 18

February 2nd, 1891.

My dear Robert:-

What we want to do with the Indians is to
civilize them, train them in all sorts of industries, educate
them, get them out among the people. If the army itself was
a good exponent of these qualities in its practices we would
undoubtedly be able to accomplish what we want better than
any other force for the reason that it is the best controlling
force we have, but as the Army is not specially qualified in
any of these directions, it cannot properly undertake the
job.

Miss Burgess is away but will be back this
evening. We expect Stya to appear every day now.

Thank you for the Amherst Record. The con-
densation on the first page is admirable, and the editorial
notice gratifying.

I have nothing from the Editor of the North
American.

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122

It makes the best use of a medium if it furnishes me a
few uses of it.

Miss Anna Thomas,

Alma College,
Alma, Mich.

My dear Anna:-

I have your letter for several days and have
been exceedingly busy. It is a very great pleasure to me
to receive your letters always, and I feel sorry when so much
time passes without my hearing from you. The little accounts
that you give me of your daily life are most interesting, and
I like to see things just as you describe them. I think it
very well for you to take a little music, and by all means
recommend that you give as much attention as you can to vocal
music rather than instrumental. It is pleasant to know that
you have friends among your school-mates who kindly invite
you to their homes. I am sure that these experiences not
only broaden you, give you larger ideas of life in every way,
but that they add to your health. While you have a large
stock of good nature, as I know, and are always happy and
jolly, you cannot be too much so.

I enclose to you another check for $20.00, which

125

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VOL. 18

M. W., February 2nd, 1891.

Miss Marie Worthington,

Fort Douglas, Mich.

My dear Marie:

I must use my stenographer to answer your very kind letter of the 25th. Your mother spoke to me this morning about the matter, and I at once wrote Mr. Wood asking him to favor me by granting you a special rate ticket. I asked him to send the ticket here and I would forward it, and I think it will be all right, though it may not, because you are not an Indian. While I feel confident, I am not entirely certain, you understand?

I certainly do have the very kindest feelings for you and regard you as a very important item in my long service here at Carlisle. Your development has interested me greatly. The success of it has wonderfully gratified me. I am glad that you have the good sense to place yourself in the line of bread winners. I suppose you know that Nana is preparing herself for that future.

Wishing you all sorts of continued good fortune and excusing myself from saying more just now because of the

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VOL. 18

For personal information

L. J. Miles, 2.

Noting the town without permission, and being

M. W., 2 February 2nd, 1891.

I'm sorry to have to think it best to write
4 of seeing you soon.

L. J. Miles, Esq., U. S. Indian Agt.,

Osage Agency,

Pawhuskey, Ind. Ter.

Dear Sir:-

On Wednesday night I sent to your agency Henry Moncravie, a student of this school, who came to us from the Omaha Agency, but who has in the meantime been transferred to your care. Henry Moncravie was dismissed from Hampton for bad conduct. I accepted of him here under pressure of re commendation from the Omaha Missionaries and teachers. Throughout his stay here he has been constantly guilty of breaches of discipline, and after a number of trials of him I feel that he is a more incorrigible case than it is best for me to continue at the school and punish as I should. His last offence was in connection with a little colored girl of 15 years at which he was caught by quite a little party of the boys of the school.

I am very much afraid that Fred. Moncravie, his brother, is on the same line, as Charles, the older brother, whom I sent home a few weeks ago for a like offence, was also. Fred. is now in the dungeon undergoing two weeks solitary con

February 3rd, 1891.

A. W. Wood,

\#147 School Lane,
Germantown, Phila., Pa.

Dear Arthur:-

I send you my check for $16.00, covering your bill just received. I like the little heading very much. What will be the expense of having it nicely engraved? Please send me, if you can, samples of the work of the person you would recommend to do the engraving, at the same time you advise me of its cost.

The only duplicate lantern slide we have might as well rest here, and some time you are up you could have it back.

I send your bill back for receipt.

VOL. 18

February 3rd, 1891.

Benjamin Willis,

Burgess, Charlevoix Co., Mich.

My dear Sir:-

I have referred your note to the Doctor who reports that there is not much the matter with Jennie's eyes. She was under treatment for a little while but they seem now to be well, and she has been dismissed from treatment. She is going to school regularly and there is no occasion for you to feel uneasiness in regard to her.

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135

February 3rd, 1891.

Miss Alice I. Graham,

Spruce Hill, Juniata Co., Pa.

Dear Miss Graham:—

I have a letter from your father asking a place for you as teacher here. I am sorry to say that I am overwhelmed with applications and while there is a vacancy to occur in the spring there are so many applicants that I cannot give you any encouragement. I send you a set of forms which we use, and if you choose to make an application it will be filed with others and duly considered when vacancies occur.

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356

April 6th, 1891.

Miss Lena Green,

c/o Rev. Mr. Reed,
Newville, Pa.

My dear Lena:

I cannot certainly say that you Oneidas, who
come here from Martinsburg, will go home this summer, but I
think those of you who who demand it will be allowed to go.
This must not be regarded as a certain promise, it is only my
own thought about it. The home going party will probably
not leave until July 1st, so that it is some time yet and
also a matter of uncertainty. If you think you must go
home this year, either to make a visit or to stay, I think
it possible we shall have to let you go.

VOL. 18

April 6th, 1891.

Miss Mary E. Richardson,

#9 University Place,
New York City.

Dear Madam:

I have your application and will be glad to
know what experience you have had in teaching, and what you
consider yourself best qualified to do. It seems that there
may be one or two vacancies in our corps of teachers this
year and I should, of course, want to select the best among
the numerous applicants. What you say of yourself in regard
to industrial and drawing teaching strikes me favorably.

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361

April 6th, 1891.

A. E. Moister,

Lansford, Carbon Co., Pa.

Dear Sir:

We did some years ago allow our students to go out for such purposes as you name, but the applications became so numerous, and it was impossible for us to make a dividing line, that I was compelled to establish a rule that only when going out in the direct interest of the school would I permit them to be present at meetings of that kind. For this reason it is impracticable for me to meet your request.

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362

April 6th, 1891.

Mr. Chas. Walker,
Seaton, Isabella Co., Mich.

My dear Sir:

It is our habit in the early spring to allow considerable numbers of our students to go out among the farmers for the summer work and to earn money for themselves. Edward Campeau was one that his teachers thought of to remain at the school, but he himself begged earnestly to be allowed to go out for the summer and he has entered into arrangements and gone so that it would not be practicable for me to meet your request.

VOL. 18

363

April 6th, 1891.

Joseph Schanandore,

Sagola, Wis.

My dear Sir:

The enclosed will give you a memorandum of Jenosin's conduct, the composition of the court and the punishment inflicted. You will see that he was twice drunk, that the first time he pleaded guilty and the second time not guilty but was found guilty. Jenison has $15.56 in money here but seems to have carried off about all the property that he had that was worth anything. What he left here in the shape of clothing was what had been issued to him by government which, of course, he forfeited all right to by his leaving. As he deserted and disgraced the school I can not entirely sure as to what I ought to do about remitting you the money as you require.

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365

April 7th, 1891.

General M. C. Meigs,

1339 Vermont Avenue,

Washington, D. C.

Dear General:

I send you additional copies of my report and paper on environment, also of the last "Red Man." I cannot willingly let the matter drop without traversing some of your views. Permit me first to say that I thank you most heartily again for the word of caution. Belonging to the cavalry, as I do, I have rather gotten into the habit of dashing in.

Perhaps I may not be always as discreet as I ought, and yet after years of labor along these lines, and having, as I believe, reached sufficient results to fully warrant all that I ever asserted or thought on the subject in favor of my mode, I do not feel like letting any influence whatever step in to destroy or attempt to destroy without making the best fight I can. I am not aware that I have anything to fear from the catholics or others. I believe I have been as sincere and as honest in my efforts for the Indians, and a great deal more loyal to the government than they.

I must differ from you a little on the questions

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368

M. C. M., 4.

they were horses that had been brought up in a regular civi-
lied way. In 1875 I took the Cheyene, Kiowa and Comanche
prisoners to Florida. They were treated not unlike these
horses; they were in irons, some of them in double irons.
When I discovered that they were entirely broken in spirit
and ready to obey, I removed the irons. They were as thor-
oughly obedient and helpful as it was possible for them to be.
All the rest of the period they were under my care (three
years) I had them perform as hard work as any men are called
upon to do. I had two of them in the saw mill where they had
to handle the heavy logs and the lumber and slabs day in and
day out. Five of them successfully cleared five acres of as
dense growth of brush briers palmetto, as you could find in
the vicinity of St. Augustine. With hands both blistered,
and afterwards becoming as hard as bone, they stuck to it
and accomplished that which negroes and white men had given
up. Notwithstanding all the assertions to the contrary, and
I believe Gen'l. Sheridan made such an assertion, not one of
those men has since his return to his agency, after the three
years of that treatment, committed any act of violence or
shown themselves lawless in any way. I have the record and
the knowledge and know whereof I speak. General Miles in
his article in the North American Review states that these

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369

M. C. M., 5.

men were selected by the emaciated captives that they had
held and mistreated. Nothing could be more remote from the
truth than that. I have the records in my house. I sought
out and found the acts of which each one was guilty, except-
ing a part of the Cheyennes, and there was not one in the
whole party that was selected by any captive. Almost every-
one was selected because of information given by Indians
themselves. The girls that the General probably alludes to
as having selected were not brought in until after these men
had been sent away. I have followed them since individually
and I know that their general influence has been on the right
side. I could give you many instances of good loyal con-
duct and of faithful work. True they have been thrown back
with their people, and have put on the blanket in many cases
and live in a tepee, but that is not to be taken to their
discredit. General Miles says further that a few years
after that a good part of the U. S. Army, under the Lieut.
General, had to go down there to quell an insurrection that
was led by these people. General Miles' notion about that
matter is as incorrect as his statement in regard to the se-
lection of the prisoners. There was no insurrection there.
Mr. Cleveland had ordered the cattle men off the Cheyenne
reservation, and the whole attempt to get up an Indian scare

VOL. 18

371

M. C. M., 7.

are reckless of human life, and you know as well as I that
many of the whites there are not specially better than the
Indians.

I am not particularly an advocate of the mix-
ture of white and Indian blood; neither am I specially
against it. In the providences of the Almighty we are
thrown together here in one country, and if individuals see
their affinities in crossing the races, that is, in my judg-
ment, entirely their affair. I have seen enough in the last
24 years handling Indians to convince me a thousand times
over that the Indian belongs to the human family and is en-
titled to consideration and development. I recognize the
bad blood. I know that very largely that is due to our own
race. In the winter of 1868 and '69, when we first came
in contact with the Southern Cheyennes, I believe they were
freer from immorality and its diseases than any community in
America to-day. I have several treatises on immoral diseases
by medical gentlemen connected with the hospital service of
the City of Boston, from which locality we are to expect the
best of things. Nothing that I have known among Indians
excels the statements they make in regard to the people of
our own race that come under their care. I have been here
now nearly twelve years. I have had under my care almost

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372

M. C. M., 8.

two thousand youth of both sexes, coming from about fifty
different tribes. There has nothing occurred among these
Indians during all that time that at all equals in excess
some of the acts of the young gentlemen connected with the
great Christian Institution in this town, Dickinson College;
but I am not at all willing to say that the young men of
Dickinson college are not worth saving.

I entirely agree with you in the general statement that like begats like, but the beggetting of the form is one thing, and the beggetting of the powers of mind and body, and disposition, entirely another thing. One is birth, the other development. While we shall never reach perfection, there is none good in this world. "No, not one," there is everything in comparatively good surroundings. Behold Gerontimo, the merciless old villain that he is, having the compelling influences of law and order thrown around him, becomes a disciplinarian for a day school and a Sunday school. Remove the props of law that hold us up and the great mass of us would soon tumble. You and I were trained in early life, severely, it may be. Gradually we had responsibilities thrown upon us, and in your case you practically controlled the vital forces of an empire in the three of its greatest crisis; and I have gradually grown so that I can handle a few Indians,

VOL. 18

M. C. M., 9.

Keep them in shape, and carry them along, as the results show, to useful manhood and womanhood.

Suppose you had had no opportunity to develop in your line, nor I in mine, no environment of the particular business or obligation that has carried each of us forward to our separate conditions, would there have been any such results? Most certainly not.

I feel, General, that you ought to re-organize your ideas in regard to the Indians a little bit and help me to insist upon their having a better chance.

Begging your pardon for such an extension of remark, and thanking you most cordially for your interest,

I am,

With greatest respect,

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374

April 7th, 1891.

Miss Luzena Choteau,

In Hospital.

My dear Luzena:

I, of course, had your letter but felt when I received it that it was not necessary for you to write me thus. Things are going forward all right with you so far as I know. I am never inclined to hold bad counts against people unless they continue. In your case the matter had passed off and you were quite entirely relieved and nothing more was to be said or done but for you to go forward to your duties as quietly and efficiently as you could and forget the past and make a future for yourself. That I trust will be the spirit that will animate you in the future. Let by-gones all go. Like a good many others in this world your greatest struggle is with yourself. So far as your entanglements have tried you they need not any more.

Believe me,

VOL. 18

April 7th, 1891.

White Buffalo,

cared, William Kinman,

Kingfisher, Oklo, Ter.

My dear Friend:

I have your letter and have read it with a good deal of care. I have heard so much about your being off with wild west shows, being engaged in the messiah dance, and about your net being willing to work, and so on, that I must hesitate to use my influence with the Commissioner to press your grievances. I cannot tell the Commissioner that you have been an industrious worthy representative of Carlisle all these years, and yet if I say you have just cause for complaint he will want to know just what kind of a man you have been since you left Carlisle. You yourself have placed me at a disadvantage, and yet I do not want you to think that I would not, even though you were ever so wrong yourself, stand by you in protecting you from wrong from any quarter. What you say in the matter of wages is something that the agent cannot very well control. The Indian Department has always been very niggardly in what it pays out to Indian

VOL. 18

W. B., 2.
laborers. At one time when I visited your agency I found
Dan Tucker working at $15.00 a month. I tried very hard to
get the Department to add something to his pay. The Comm-
troller promised but failed to do it. I finally for quite
a number of months sent Dan money from here to help him out.
Of course, I cannot do that except in a very extraordinary
ease. Dan was a very worthy intelligent industrious man
setting a good example to all of our boys, and I could hear
nothing to his disadvantage.

The complaint you make about rations is one
that has been made about Indian rations always. The Indian
ration is a very small one, less in quantity than half of
the army ration of coffee, sugar and flour. The plan has
been only to aid the Indians supposing that they would do
something to help themselves. I should be rather slow to
believe on mere assertion that the agent was not giving out
what he received from the government to give. Of course,
if there is evident proof of his wrong-doing in any way we
must accept that.

When you were at Carlisle I tried in every
way to help you and felt that we had, because you had learned
something in the three years that ought to have enabled you
to go on and make a living for yourself. You could have
done that in the eastaway from the reservation. If you could

VOL. 18

377

W. B., 30

not do it on the reservation you might readily have left the reservation and gone elsewhere and make a living.

I regret very much to feel that it is right for me to talk to you in this manner. If you want to be heard at headquarters, I trust you will see the importance and go to work at once and make a good name for yourself. You know that then I shall be as glad to welcome you and to help you as I possibly can, though I may not be able to help you much. You have my sympathies as it is, because I feel that in great part your varied career since you left school has been owing to the limited amount of education and knowledge you have.

VOL. 18

378

April 7th, 1891.

Living Bear,

Pine Ridge Agency, S. D.

Dear Sir:

James Cornman, or Spider, as you call him, is now too ill to be sent home. When the chiefs visited Carlisle, I gave them full permission to talk to him and induce him to go home. They attempted it and then came themselves to me and said they found he did not want to go home and they thought it was better for him to stay here. He says he wants to stay here where he has good kind care, but if he wanted to go home now it is too late. He may live quite a while yet, but he is in bed and too weak to travel.

In regard to helping Plenty or Many Horses, xpress your son, I am not in a position to do that. I am exceedingly sorry for him. It was a very foolish weak thing for him to go with the ghost dancers in apparent rebellion to the government and he did a very wicked thing to kill Lieut. Casey. I do not, however, sympathize with the action that would condemn and punish him and leave the murderer of Few Tails go free.

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VOL. 18

April 7th, 1891.

Miss Bessie Patterson,

Sisseton, South Dakota.

My dear Miss Patterson:

I am going to use the hand of my clerk to answer you, for I find it difficult to meet all the obligations of letter writing that rest upon me. I beg to assure you and Miss Ella of my sincerest sympathy and anxiety. What the future has in store for me I know not, but I am not at all on the footing that I was, under an apparently much more initial administration. I can see your situation and it only makes me realize the utter absurdity of much that is said in regard to Civil Service reform. What business has General Morgan to put a personal friend into a government position? What business has he with any personal friends in the transaction of his government responsibilities? From what I have seen of the appointments of superintendents, of teachers, and other officials, there is a very large door for loss of political capital opening on just this line. A personal friendship government can be just as worthless and I think would be just as worthless as a political government. I wish I felt that I could safely show your letter, or talk

Miss P., 2a

freely about your ease to either the Secretary or the Com-
missioner, but such is the situation that I cannot, and it
is the first time in the history of this school that I have
been in such a position. There is really nothing left for
me, so far as I can see, but to wait

I beg you will remember, my dear friend,
that the discipline of doing things under such circumstances
as surround you and me is one of the best preparations for
good strong life work that we can have, and for my part I
do not regret it, though it grinds.

With kindest regards to you both.

Your friend,

380

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VOL. 18

April 9th, 1891.

Rev. J. J. Methvin,

Annadarke, Ind. Ter.

My dear Mr. Methvin:

I thank you for yours of 2nd. You are entirely right about the origin of opposition, and I see you know the character of the foe. I have no doubt they will plan and manipulate through the coming summer, and when Congress meets in the fall spring something just as they did last winter. Being forewarned with the one experience we are somewhat forearmed, I hope, and that they that be with us are more than they who are against us.

I will endeavor to meet your request about giving a note to you to any of our students returning. The conditions are so bad there that I have felt justified in working strongly with our boys and girls from all parts to hang on. Whether any will return to Annadarko this summer or not I doubt.

382

VOL. 18

April 7th, 1891.

Mr. T. W. Potter, Principal Teacher,
Indian Ind'l. School,
Fort Totten, N. D.

My dear Potter:

Quite a press of other business has led me to
overlook your letter for some days. I now send you the
blanks that we use. It is quite likely that you can im-
prove upon them for your purposes, but I think you will read-
ily understand them from the reading. I have also had made
for our use here a couple of cutting books which give me at a
glance the monthly history and conditions and the yearly
history and conditions of the out students, their accounts,
their conduct, their health, etc. I had them made by the
Department and the forms are doubtless there now, so that on
application to have them duplicated it could be done at the
Govt Printing office. I would suggest a slight change in
the book giving monthly accounts, health, conditions, etc.,
and to have the headings for the months changed so as to in-
clude the fiscal year. I made the mistake of taking the
linear year. If Mr. Canfield asks for one of these books
better let me know and I will write and explain so that his

T. W. P., 2.

could be gotten up right.

Things go on about as usual. I anticipate an explosion, of course, in time, for some never sleeps. I should be glad to have any data along this line that you can give me from time to time!

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384

April 9th, 1891.

Capt. M. M. Maxon,

Beaver Meadow P. O.,

Mobile, Ala.

My dear Maxon!

Clement is in favor with the man he is living with in Bucks County. Although he is a little fellow we expect him to receive about $7.00 a month this year. This in addition to his keep and wash. In reference to the route, that is, the War or Interior Department, by which to get at the matter, I judge that as the Interior Department is only doing this for the War Department that the War Department route would be the one. I quite agree with you, however, as to the relative qualities of business. I think, on the whole, that you will find it necessary to go at the matter through Wotherpoon.

Tell Go-Kitz his boy has an excellent report, that he is as kindly treated as possible and that he has had a good winter in school with white children. He also has a little bank account. Altogether he is nicely on his feet.

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385

April 7th, 1891.

Miss Winnie Connors,

Sasakwa, Ind. Ter.

My dear Winnie:

How very sad we all are to get the news
of your letter of 31st ulto. We were very slow to believe
that Jennie was trending downward, she looked in such good
health and always spoke so hopefully herself. Indeed it
was, as you know, quite against the Doctor's and my views
of necessity that I sent her home, and now poor dear Jennie
is at rest. It is from the all-wise Father, and while we
cannot understand it now we may hereafter.

Give my loving sympathy to your father, and
feel assured, dear Winnie, that we all join in your mourning.

Your friend,

VOL. 18

386

April 7th, 1891.

Samuel Townsend,

Marieta, O.

My dear Samuel:

Miss Clarke has gone to her post at Poncea, and that is her address. I advise you to write to her yourself at once. Tell her what you can do in the way of helping her. She, I believe, is entirely free to choose her own helps. She is to undertake the Poneas first, so that there will not be the reason to have your services that there will be when she gets down on the <u>lawne</u> reservation. Address her in care of the agent at Poncea. I write her a word in your behalf.

VOL. 18

387

April 7th, 1891.

Miss Helen P. Clarke,

Ponea Agency, Ind. Ter.

Dear Miss Clarke:

I enclose to you a letter from Samuel Townsend, one of our Pawnee boys, who has been with General Eaton at Marietta College for the last three years. He is in the freshman class, but has been always troubled about his health. He is a very competent printer and has considerable ability in the lines of that profession. I mean, in the way of arranging job work, correcting, etc., and I believe could be of some use to you. I judge that he will not need so much pay, being more for the opportunity of getting out doors that he cares to go than for the moneys. You would find him good, trusty and exceedingly willing to work early and late. I should be very glad if you could make use of him.

I send you a little clipping from the Pittsburgh Dispatch which will amuse you at least.

Your letter duly came to hand and I thank you for your very kind expressions. The new teacher seems to be getting on quietly, and, so far as we can see, successfully. Her knacks are not in the same lines as yours, but I trust

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Miss 0%, 2%

she will fill the place all right.

We are all greatly interested in the success
of your undertaking, and shall be greatly pleased to hear
from you.

I have been quite a little upset the last four
or five days and have lost quite a good deal of sleep: am
just starting out with Mrs. Pratt on a long ride to the
mountains, hoping to get some benefit from one of the most
delightful, clear, bright, sunny days we ever had here.

Gordially, your friend,

VOL. 18

389

April 7th, 1891.

Richard Davis,

West Grove, Pa.

Dear Richard:

When I read your letter I said "Oh! Oh! Oh!" at that part where you propose to enter the army. You certainly cannot realize what it is involved in that. Were you offered a commission so that if you might have a life position as an officer and ask me whether I thought you should accept or not, I would be in doubt as to whether I would advise you to do it. When you speak of enlisting as a private soldier, it is so much worse that I must not only advise you but I must urge you not to think of it for a moment. You may be having a pretty hard time and may think that getting up so early and working as hard as you do is tough and rough, but to go into the army as a private soldier would so far exceed your present surroundings in privations and hardships, and the loss of everything that is confidential and pleasant to a man who has learned to love his family and home and the associations of church and civilized Christian people, as to make it not to be thought of for a moment.

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390

R. D., 2.

This army scheme offers nothing specially good for the Indians; certainly, nothing of advantage to those who have received any material education. It means a complete surrender of independence and future prospects. When a man passes through a term of five years enlistment as a private soldier, in nineteen cases out of twenty he is handicapped for anything else in this life. If he does quit the army he drops into a low strata of society and becomes a mere nothing. I beg of you to give up entirely the notion.

I am glad you had the manhood to resist the temptations of Lieut. Hayes, and what you are now in ability and manhood is ample reward to you for adhering to that principle.

To enter the army as a private soldier one of the requirements is that a man shall not be married. If he is married he has to entirely forsake his wife and family. I am sure that all will work out right for you and that you need have no anxiety about these matters. I doubt very much if they succeed in getting the Indians into the regular army. They are not going about it right and it is not of sufficient importance to attract the attention of the Indians or the country to any extent. There is a certain class of

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391

R. D., 3.

young Indians who have never been at school, always restless
and wanting to fight, that would be benefitted if they could
be brought under army discipline, but such will not take up
with the opportunity. There are very few boys who have been
with us three years and more that I would be at all willing
to advise to enter the army, and those would be the rather
worthless sort who have developed no powers of self-centrall
or management, and the army would not specially want them.
It has looked to me a good deal like a project of the enemy
to capture one sweep into line, demoralize and destroy, so
that the finger of scorn can continue to be pointed at the
Indian.

Kish has gone home, I think, a little miffed.
The Y. M. C. A. wanted to send either him or Stacy to the
International Convention in Amsterdam, Europe. When the
committee waited upon me I advised that neither had the power
to well represent their race, and I did not feel that it was
a wise expenditure of their money. I think one of the
committee must have told Kish, for since he left I find that
he was feeling sore over it. The boys have planned a Car-
lisle colony, hoping to have their lands assigned together.
Kish has something to do with that. Even that, in my judg-
ment, is not a thing that should at present induce you.
As I told you before when you get through there arrange to

VOL. 18

394

April 8th, 1891.

Miss Uni Tsuda,

State Normal School,
Oswego, N. Y.

My dear Miss Tsuda:

My daughter sends me your note to her dated April 8th in reference to your paper. As that is about in type it seems to me I had better send you a proof let you make such corrections as you care to and let it go in the "Red Man" as I had intended having it done with the concurrence of Mrs. Morris and then we will give some additional note of the matter editorially, using the ideas you send in the clipping from the Ledger. Of course, the "Red Man" does not specially reach the people that you care to have it reach, but it will, at least, express our sympathy with your cause and may touch some responsive hearts and minds.

Had I the means how gladly I would join largely in your scheme. As I read the situation in Japan, one of the most important influences leading to the great changes of recent past has been that brought about by the education

VOL. 18

395

Miss T., 2.

of your youth in foreign lands, and I hail every movement
along such lines upon the part of any people so placed as a
harbinger of that true spirit of brotherhood of man and
fatherhood of God, which is to rule the world eventually.

I just have an appeal from Mr. Tsumura asking
my aid to a little scheme of his in which I was greatly in-
terested in Tokio, to help young men of the former soldier
class in their efforts to obtain industrial and religious
education. He has a small industrial home which contained
ten when I was there. They have a few acres of ground
attached to the home, and the boys in their out of school
times cultivate the land and raise vegetables, which are
sold in the markets of Tokio, by which means they very mater-
tially decrease the expenses of their living. They attend
the Meiji Gakuin. Of course, this is not so broadly on
my lines as your plan and yet I am somewhat committed to it,
and the very little that I can give now I wanted to give
there. Mr. Tsumura is making a special effort to enlarge
the home and the grounds and wants about $7,000, nearly as
much as you ask for.

Your please visit here with our good friends
now so deeply bereaved, my long trip to your beautiful country
the kindness of your good father and the many other Japanese

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Miss T. B.

friends I met while there forms one of the most pleasant
memories of my life.

Believe me,

My dear Miss Tsuda,

Your friend,

April 8th, 1891.

Jason Brown,

41207 Pine Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Sir:

I will hold the books subject to your order.

If I could sell them at $2.00, I should gladly undertake it,
but there is a general objection among those to whom I offer
them.

Yours truly,

VOL. 18

397

April 8th, 1891.

Blackfetter Agency,

Plegan P. O., Mom.

My dear friend!

You have been informed by your son of the sad accident which occurred to him while practicing in the gymnasium. He was there with other boys, rather independently not under the care of the instructor at the time, and brought on serious hemorrhage. It is now my most unpleasant duty to inform you of his death. He was kept as quiet as possible and most carefully nurses and attended to by the physician and hospital attendants. Such was his condition it was not wise to allow him to talk but very little, as every slight effort brought on the hemorrhage. The day before yesterday the doctor, who reported to me morning and evening his condition, told me that he thought he had mastered the situation, that there was very little blood now coming in his sputa and the secretions were more natural, but yesterday morning the hemorrhage came on again, and with such volume as to entirely overcome his strength and he was liter-

VOL. 18

398

L. M., 26

died browned in his own blood.

George was much a quiet manly fellow as to win all of our hearts and make us specially feel his loss sorely. The doctor informs me that George seemed to feel all through his sickness that he could not recover, and when the last hemorrhage came on his last words were, - "I am going now, good-bye, Miss Seabrook." Miss Seabrook is the nurse. He had said good-bye to John Sanborn, one of his friends, a few minutes before. It is reported that he spoke often of his mother and his half-brother Louis, of whom he seemed very fond. We laid him away in our little school graveyard over and in time will have a small stone erected from his grave, as we do over the others. He had a small balance of $1.44 to his credit on our books which I enclose, also a few pictures which are forwarded to his mother, as he requested. There was nothing else that you would probably care to have.

VOL. 18

399

Confidential

April 8th, 1891.

Hon. Andrew S. Draper,

State Sup't. of Public Instruction,
Albany, N. Y.

My dear Judge:

I enclose herewith, confidentially, letter
from Rev. Hubbell with enclosure. I have been reading
Hubbell's second report which he sent me, printed by the
Courier Co., Buffalo. You ought to read it. I have six
of your N. Y. Indians here, having taken them with the per-
sonal sanction of General Morgan. Now I am beset by dozens
of them on the different reservations who ask to send their
children here. Is it because they are fed, clothed, and
educated without expense or trouble to them?

I have referred the matter of taking an addi-
tional party to General Morgan and have no doubt that he will
be compelled to say no, for the reason that the New York
Indians are not included in those whom our appropriation
covers. It is rather odd that the very excellent Public
school system of N. Y. State should be eried out against by
your Indians who probably are as well able to judge as

VOL. 18

401

April 9th, 1891.

Rev. Naomori Tamura,

#2 Uraku Chio,
Sanehime, Tokyo, Japan.

My dear Friend:

I must first most heartily and cordially,
on my own behalf and on behalf of Mrs. Pratt, congratulate
you and your dear little wife on the arrival of her the little
daughter.

Your little note and your appeal carries me
back to the good time I had in your beautiful country, for so
much of which we were indebted to you and your good wife. I
often think of the little church and the queer people that
gathered there and my little giant minister so jolly and
entertaining socially and so useful to his people, and of his
schemes to help the youth of his race, with his little Home
and little wife and all, and feel sorry that I have not done
more by way of recognition, but my energies have been greatly
absorbed since I returned and I have scarcely been able to
keep even with the demands upon me.

About your plan for the enlargement of the
Industrial Home for the young men, I want to send you what I

VOL. 18

No. Tt., 2.

can personally, and here enclosed find 1,000 mo. I am
sorry that I have not the ability to help you very much more,
but just now it is impracticable; still, I want to keep in
line with you and hope to hear from you from time to time
when you are in need.

Please receive the assurances for both your-
self and Mrs. Tamura of Mrs. Pratt's and my warmest regards.

Faithfully, your friend,

April 9th, 1891

Frank Kiatse,

c/o Wu. H. Leiffert,

Churchville, Bucks Co., Pa.

My dear Frank:

I send you a letter I have just received from
William Patsano and feel that it is best that you yourself
determine what to do. I am willing to leave it quite on-
tirely to you. If you wonclude it best to go home and will
wait until the fore part of July I can pay your way. Should
you go home now I am not so sure that I can do that.

402

VOL. 18

H. D. P. 2.

meined a long time unanswered.

April 6th, 1891.

Chief White Cow,

Pine Ridge Agency, S. Dak.

My dear Sir:

As I wrote you before, it is not possible for
me to do anything in the matter of sending you a wagon.
That must be done entirely through your agent.

VOL. 18

406

April 9th, 1891.

Frank L. Lock,
Black Pipe Creek,
Rosebud Agency, S. Dakota

My dear friend:

You are certainly entitled to your proportionate share of the $100,000 appropriated to cover the robberies that occurred during the excitement of last winter, and the modest amount that you claim ought certainly to be reimbursed. I would advise you to prepare a careful list of each and every article and damage with the full amount of the loss or damage in each case and push it right forward to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. I forward your letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs that it may get into the list of claims to be investigated, but a letter direct from you to the Commissioner, in addition to that, would be, as I think just now, the best way. Just what method they will take to pay these claims I am not able to say.

With kindest regards to you and your good wife,

VOL. 18

April 9th, 1891.

Gen'l. R. M. Johnson,

St. Paul, Minn.

Dear General:

I find an unfinished letter on my desk in answer to yours of March 26th, thanking you for your notice of my paper and report, and that it is necessary for me to use the hand of my clerk to undertake acknowledgments to.

I do not return from the position as to the doubt about clothing any people with citizenship before they are educated sufficiently to exercise the duties which with some judgments. The Indians are numerically each a small item that we ought to at once and their case. In my experience, about all the difficulties that surround preparing them for the duties of citizenship centre in our own obsolescence. If we will only give them a chance to enter the body politic and stop the eternal imprisonment system, that problem, to my mind, is soon ended. As you know, I have continually contended for opportunities of citizenship after citizenship is educated in. That really is our problem. The Indians are surrounded by so many schemes to hold them together that

VOL. 18

410

April 15th, 18918

As. Spruce,

L'Anse, Mich.

My dear Sir!

Your daughter, Nellie, has something like crystals, which seems to accompany her periods. However, she has only had two in the past seven months. Her health is middling. It is not practicable to send her home. We are dealing with a large mass of children, nearly 800. We find that the Indians generally are unwilling to give their children a chance to become educated. They keep them in school for a little while and then take them out, or change them from one school to another, and in a great many ways interfere with the education of their own youths. Nellie is here and established and is improving, as per reports to me, so that everything indicates that you should encourage her to stay and should not try to have her give up her chances.

VOL. 18

April 15th, 1891

Anon. Grin.

L'Anse, Micht

My dear friend:

Your son is here; he is properly cared for;
he is receiving an education; he will probably live a good
many years! While I realize your desire to see him, and
realize the urgency of it, my feeling is that you should
send to him all that you want to say in writing, and save to
the government the expense of sending him home, and keep him
where he will get an education and amount to something, if
such a thing is possible. Sending him home might be the
turning point in his life. It may turn him into worthless-
ness and end his school career. Because, as you indicated,
you yourself are passing from the stage of action and cannot
further care for him, why not leave him where he is cared for
and press upon him the necessity of doing his best and making
good use of his opportunities? You have so far kept him
greatly distinguished by your incisive appeals for him to go
home!

My best friend, trust your boy to the care of Car-
lisle and leave it en. It is far better.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 18

412

April 15th, 1891.

Rev. John Jacobs,

Northport, Mich.

My dear Sir:

Your letter to Mr. Standing is handed to me.
I have no doubt the Catholics will invent all sorts of de-
vices to interfere and hinder our work. They have started
out on a campaign against the government and the government
schools, and you and I know that they are perfectly capable
of doing anything to accomplish their ends, and the truth
will not be specially considered in anything that they may
do. As Congress has given us a large enough appropriation
to enable us to carry 800 children, and money to erect a new
building, it does not look as though Congress intended to
destroy us just yet.

I know you will not rest content upon James coming
home. I could not stand him at our cost. It would have to be
at yours and would cost you about $25.00.

VOL. 18

414

April 15th, 1891.

Joseph Little Round,

Pine Ridge Agency, St.ought

Dear Joseph!

Felix is employed on a farm in Bucks County.
He has been out a long time and is doing remarkably well. He
has been in an graduated school this winter and has gotten for-
ward in his studies.

If your health is good when a party comes in
I should not object to your coming to Caritale if you think
it best, though, as you know, you are a good deal of a man
and ought to be at some business. I am always glad to hear
from you, and was especially glad to know that you did not
take part in the ghost dances although your father was re-
ported to be one of the leaders.

Your friend,

VOL. 18

April 15th, 1891.

William E. Harvey, See'y.
West Grove, Pa.

My dear Mr. Harvey!

It is not practicable for me to meet with
the Association on the 17th, such as I would like to do.

We are having a tussle with the measles,-
upwards of 30 cases in the school. We are using the old
chapel and the gymnasium as hospitals and isolating cases
as fast as they appear. Then, too, I am to be in Baltimore
on Saturday night!

With kindest regards,

Your friend,

VOL. 18

416

April 15th, 1891.

Frank Vulto,.

Baxter Springs, Kansas

Dear Sir:

Your brother George determined that he would try farming this summer, and I found him a place and he has gone there and entered into an agreement to remain through the season.

I do not remember to have had a letter from you about Lelia Davis. It is not practicable for us to send students to and from except under our regular arrangements. If their time has expired, then they are entitled to go, but if they themselves determine to stay, as in George's case, they are permitted to stay.

VOL. 18

April 15th, 1891

Henry Schanstedt,

Oneida, N.Y.

Dear Sirs:

It will not be practicable for me to send students home until after the beginning of the fiscal year. If then the students desire to go, and is entitled to by reason of having been here five years or more, I will send him We have, as you know, about 800 students, and if we were to listen to all such appeals as yours our school would go to please rapidly. While it may be severe in some cases it is good discipline for the students and better for the parents. What the government in willing to educate the children, the parents ought certainly themselves be more than willing to give them up for the time necessary. To be all the time bothering the government about returning the children while they are at school is annoying, to say the least.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

April 14th, 1891.

Mrs. Sara T. Kinney,

44 Winthrop Street,
Hartford, Conn.

Dear Mrs. Kinney:

We are having quite a siege of the measles something over 50 cases, and more coming, and needed an experienced nurse or two, hence my telegram. While I am sorry not to have Nancy come to us, I am, of course, greatly pleased that she is so well accepted and making her own way so favorably. Should it happen within a week or two that she is released from where she is, and it would be practicable for her to come to us, I would be obliged for a little assistance from you stating that fact in order that I might then, if necessary, have an opportunity of making use of her.

You captured quite a good many opinions on the question. Col. Ely Parker, being an Indian himself and a military man as well of high rank and good experience, I should prize his opinion more than either of the others, because neither General Miles nor General Schofield, nor any of the other officers, have had personal experience in handling

OVERLAPPING TEXT

419

Mrs. K., 23

the Indians in a subordinate capacity, and I am delighted to
know that Col. Parker agrees with me. However, it is not a
promising outlook for the Indians of any considerable moment,
under the best of auspices, for were the whole U. S. army
made up of Indians it would only take care of 25,000, or one
tenth of the whole!

Col. Henry is made to, infudiciously, make what is not a true statement. In the army things get on a run they are used every way, like, "The only good Indian is a dead Indian", or some other catch phrase of that kind. There was not a leading part taken by any former student of any school in the ghost dance! I talked with Two Strike, Little Wound, and the other leaders and found that the returned students were chiefly advising against the dance and were kept by the hostiles for the purpose of interpreting for them. That the last state of the returned student is worse than the first is simply ridiculous. It is bad enough, to be sure, but that it is anything like what it was before is the boogiest nonsense!

VOL. 18

421

April 14th, 1891.

Robert American Horse,

Corn Creek,

Pine Ridge Agency, S. Dak.

Dear Robert:

The Sioux are all in good shape now, except James Cornman, and him we expect to lose most any time. He is happy and glad that he is here with us to die, as he says.

I congratulate you on your new responsibilities and trust that you will be entirely successful in your work. Just now we are having a siege of the measles, - something like we had when you were here, - 50 cases are in hospital now.

VOL. 18

422

April 15th, 1891.

Capt. John Archiquette,

U. S. Indian Police,
Onida, Wis.

Dear Sir,

John Silas and Jenison Schanandore ran away
from Carlisle. I had already heard of the arrival of Jenison,
but not John. Evidently, some influences were at work among
the parents to lead them to continue to distress the pupils
and also bother me and the Department at Washington in re-
gard to them?

Thank you for notifying me. I shall be glad
to know from you any circumstances on this line that would
enable me to act wisely and circumvent the running away.

VOL. 18

426

April 17th, 1891.

Hon. T. J. Morgan,

Commodore of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C.

Dear General:

I have a letter from William F. Campbell, the young man who graduated two years ago from us, and who is studying law in the University of Minnesota. You will remember that you gave him, through me, the greatest encouragement that you would stand by him to the extent of $167, per year. Mr. Rice, Commodore to the Chippewas, was present in your office at the time and spoke commendatory of Campbell and of his assistance to the commission. The contract was drawn by the Dean of the Law school and forwarded to the Indian Office some time ago, but nothing has yet come of it. Campbell has been depending upon it, and is quite at a disadvantage because it is not attended to. Would it not be possible to at once make the amount available and cover as far back as possible? He is deserving, and the expenditure will bring good returns.

I regret not having seen you yesterday. I arrived in the morning and my time was accepted; and it was important I return in the afternoon.

VOL. 18

April 17th, 1891.

Miss Helen M. Higgitt,
Standish, M.D.

Dear Miss Higgitts!

I have filled the place I offered you, and
the prospect is that it will be quite satisfactorily filled
for the future. I anticipate, however, there will be a
vacancy, and if you are willing to come to us and take such
work in the teaching line as we may of necessity be compelled
to give you in the start. I have no doubt you will in a
short time find a place that will be in accord with your
wishes, as near as we could make them here. The salary and
all other conditions would be the same as I told you before.
I should be glad to have you come to us next year. It is
important I know soon as there are other applicants

I should only care to have you if you come to
stay, provided, of course, we were suited all around. I
feel assured you would like the work, and would find the
life here not unpleasant.

VOL. 18

428

April 17th, 1891.

Mrs. Sophia Lightly,

Gill's-Pier P. O., Mich.

Dear Mrs. Lightly!

Your daughter Marion has been during the past winter in one of the best Public schools in the eastern part of Pennsylvania. She has gotten on very nicely, so my out-agent reports and so the person reports who has her in charge. She has been good in every respect except one. The lady complains occasionally of her want of truthfulness, but is hopeful that Marion will see how wrong it is and will learn to speak the truth. She is in excellent health, and I think she is in as good hands and doing as well as she could under any circumstances that I could place her. I have written to have her write to you at once.

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

April 19th, 1881.

Miss Helen P. Clarke,

Pioneers Agency, Ohio, Ten.

Dear Miss Clarke:

I have just returned from Washington and find your note of the 12th. It is quite as I expected in regard to Samuel Tensand, and I so wrote him. Of course, when you come to deal with the Pioneers you will need some one to help you who has intelligence and understand the language. I think Samuel would be one of the best boys you would find for that purpose, as he would be in entire accord with the work you are trying to do and would help to argue the Indians into proper ideas on the subject. I anticipate, however, that you will have very little trouble with any of the tribes where you are operating, they are all so well advanced in ideas along the lines of allotment and citizenship.

We have quite a serious time with the Indians within the last two weeks, about sixty cases in all, among them every white child on the ground, except the doctor's. Mrs. Campbell's three children down at one time; Richenda has been very bad and is just recovering now, in fact, she seemed to have the disease once and then have it over again, the last

April 27th, 1861.

Chief of Staff,

Reconnoitrer, &. Delle

My dear friend:

I am much obliged to you for writing me in re-
gard to the intentions of the Indee. Some people have
been greatly misrepresenting you through the press. Pater-
Craff, a priest that was once stationed at Boston Agency
but was ordered away by the government, has written to a son
named Colonel J. B. O'Brien and his father has been printed
in the papers that there is danger of outbreak among
the Sioux in the spring. Nobody who has any sense and lovin-
ing anything about it has believed such stuff, but still there
are a great many people in the country who are always looking
for such things and are anxious to keep things stirred up.
You have taken the very best way yourself to show your good
intentions, and I will see that your side of the story before
the public. I hope Arthur will make a good soldier, as he
can if he will. If he happens out of the bad days of the
soldiers and takes only the good ways, it will do him no good
of good to serve a term of five years in the army.

Sincerely, your friend,

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

April 19th, 1901

Mr. A. R. Hart,

330 Pearl Street,
New York City.

Dear Girl

When in the Interior Department yesterday the chief of the stationary division told me that you could sale for me, by some new process, a picture for a letter heating. Before giving an order I would like to see samples of the work and know the prices. The enclosed is something like what I want. I have somewhere, but cannot just lay my hand on it, another print which is not so wide, and is a little longer, with the rest of an Indian before education on the left, and the rest after education on the right. If I cannot find that I will have a new print made, but would like to hear from you with samples.

VOL. 18

April 22nd, 1894.

Mrs. Hannah Fremont,

Omaha Agency, Neb.

Dear Mrs. Fremont:

Students come to this school to do that which we find best. It is one of the well known principles of the school to place our students out during vacation and to keep them out during the winter, and in schools where satisfactory conditions exist. We do this when we feel that it is the best thing to do for the individual student. With all due regard for your opinions, and what Nettie may have said to you about it, I am convinced that Nettie's outing has been the very best thing for her. She has been out during the past winter. It will soon be vacation period now, and she is well located for the summer. In the fall, when we make changes and bring in students, Nettie will be brought to the school and from that on stay here and push her education. I will see that she writes to you, and you must trust me that we are doing the best thing for her.

Yours sincerely,

435

April 22nd, 1891.

Dr. Carlos Montezuma,
Shoshone Agency,
Write Rock, Nevada.

My dear Doctor:

I have your letter enclosing one from Agent Plumb urging me to take a party of Shoshones. We have just to-day been examining up the conditions of our annual appropriation, and it is not possible for me to make any further expenditures this fiscal year from the balance of my appropriation for the year. Unfortunately the new appropriation becomes available I shall be glad, if the Commissioner approves to bring in as large a party as may be offered and suitable in all respects, but I do not see how it is possible now unless the Commissioner himself can see some way to accomplish it.
I write him on the subject. I want you to be here at our annual exercises, if such a thing is possible. We have had a siege of the mines, and not knowing how extended it would be, felt compelled to defer making arrangements for our annual commencement until it had passed. After about sixty days, it seems now to be passing away, only four or five having been taken within the last five days. When we are satisfied

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

April 22nd, 1901.

Jacob Schmandere,

Sugale P. O.,

Ogdensburg Co., N.Y.

Dear Girl-

It is not our habit to send students out into
the country unless they themselves request it. Ida will
not be sent out unless she asks to go, and if she is sent
out during vacation at her own request, the reference will
be had to her physical condition. There are many places
where a girl who is not strong has light work, and where a
change of food and good country air does her good, and it
might be that, should Ida ask to go, we could supply her with
a place suitable to her strength. In any event she will not
be sent unless she asks. I have given instructions that
Thomas shall write to you as you request.

439

April 22nd, 1892.

Rev. W. H. Pierson,

Chaplain, U. S. Air.

Mt. Vernon Barracks, Ala.

My dear Chaplain:

Replying to yours of 18th in relation to
ticket to New York, I must tell you that since my writing to
you, the combination of Railroad lines which has existed for
several years has been broken up, and the Gen'l. Eastern
Passenger Ag't. of the Shenandoah Valley route, through which
I had those special arrangements, has notified me that his
road has no longer any control, and it only remains for us to
pay the full regular rates. This I did with the last Indians
Lot Apaches, and the other that want south.

It has seemed impossible for me to get away
this winter and visit Mt. Vernon, as I had intended, having
been kept very closely here.

I rejoice in all you say about our returned
students' good conduct, and of the general progress of the
Apaches.' I was with the Secretary of War last week and he
spoke most kindly of their conditions and what had been and

VOL. 18

W. H. P., 2.

was being done for them, and is personally greatly interested
in whatever Lieut. Wathervleet and yourself may project for
their benefit.

Gordially yours,

April 32nd, 1891.

Joseph Bahanandore,

Yпита, Ind. For.

My dear Sir:

Under the law establishing this school, it is
not possible for me to take Cherokees, you having your own
system of schools, and the government having given large
means for educational purposes, some to your schools. I
should be very glad indeed to oblige you and have you here,
provided all the other conditions were satisfactory, but in
the absence of the right to accept of you as a pupil I must
send you an unfavorable answer.

Sincerely, your friend,

440

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

441

April 22nd, 1881.

Eben Beads,

Saw Mill,

San Carlos Agency, Arix.

My dear Eben:

I got your letter telling me that you are at
the Saw mill and gone to work, and I am very glad. I do
hope that you will be faithful in every way and make yourself
so valuable to Capt. Boules that he will give you employment
right along. If you are industrious and behave yourself
properly I am sure that he will be glad to keep you in ser-
vice. Do not be foolish in any way.

Since you left we have had quite a time with
the measles. About sixty cases have occurred in the school,
and we had to turn the gymnasium into a hospital for the boys
and the old chapel into one for the girls. All of our own
children, Mr. Campbell's children and Johanna Given, and my
little girl, have had them and it has been a serious time
with us. We have had to put off our commencement until later
in the year; otherwise, the health of the school has been
very good. None of the Apaches are seriously ill.

442

Personal.

April 25th, 1891.

Hon. T. J. Morgan,

Comdr. of Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C.

Dear General:

I rather expect to visit Washington on Wednesday next. An intimation from the Adjutant General indicates that the Secretary would like to see me then, though it is not entirely certain that I shall go unless the Secretary orders me down and covers my expenses, which, under present circumstances, is most desirable.

I thought we were well through with the measles, but the day before yesterday six extra new cases occurred, and there may be more.

I telegraphed you to-day about flour. I find that Slavens has been buying from the sub-contractor here at $2.25, giving him 340. per 100 lbs. profit. As we have been using about 600 lbs. a day, he has had a nice little income of $2. per day from us on account of his contracts.

I feel quite annoyed by the delay in regard to Wm. F. Campbell's allowance at Minnesota University and do wish that could be fixed up at once.

Yours sincerely,

VOL. 18

443

April 25th, 1891

With Annie Thomas,

Alma College,

Alma, Mich

Dear Annie:

I now send you another check for $40.00. At the close of the school year you had better come to Carlisle with all of your baggage. My resources for outside work have been very greatly curtailed, - almost entirely withdrawn, and I do not see my way to much future expense in that line. I can use Metzger Institute here at much less cost. Unless something comes to me between this and the end of the year, more than I know of now, you shall have to give up Alma.

Please take receipts and forward to me for all moneys you pay out.

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VOL. 18

April 27th, 1891.

Howard G. Logan,

Winnebago, Neb.

Dear friend Howard:

You see it is about as I anticipated in
reference to the school at Phoenix. It would be all right,
I have no doubt, when it gets to work, but like all great
machinery it takes time to get the parts adjusted and things
set in motion. I still feel that it would be quite to your
advantage to go to Phoenix. However, your own estimate of
your health conditions ought to lead you better than my judg-
ment.

You can return the $50 to me by Post office
order as well as any other way.

I should be glad to hear from you more de-
finitely about your health conditions. Does your throat seem
to improve or am improve?

We have had quite a siege of the measles, -
something over 70 cases in all, and had to break up several
departments of our school in consequence. I return Mr. Rich's
letter.

447

April 22, 1891

Mathias Faber,

Grand River, Ind. 46179

Dear Sir:

I am sorry to say that Clara has not been entirely satisfactory in her conduct, and it is that which has probably led her to write to you and brought the letter from you to me. Clara has had exceptional advantages for any young lady. I have spent quite a good deal of money in making her life pleasant at Millersville, having met her wants almost without objection, in order that she might have the best of reasons to do well. She has not entirely repaired my confidence and effort on her behalf with the conduct she ought. I am, therefore, not entirely willing that she should be allowed the special privilege of going home just now which you urge; indeed, she ought not to ask it or suggest it. If she does not come out all right it will be entirely her own fault for she has every opportunity to do well.

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

April 37th, 1891.

Mrs. S. T. Kinney,

Dear Mrs. Kinney:

The measles have so far disappeared that I will not now need Nancy.

I will say something in the next Red Man about Col. Harry's statements, and I reprint your collection of views in our next issue. The Secretary of War was quite determined in the matter of getting two thousand into Indian companies in the army. They seem to enlist in the Cavalry, but we do not take hold of the infantry. I think that army officers generally, that is, those who will have to come in immediate contact with the Indians, are not over-anxious that Indians should be enlisted.

450

April 27th, 1891.

Living Bear,

Care, Merchants Hotel,
Sioux Falls, S. Dak.

Dear Sir:-

You will remember when the chiefs were here
they desired to take James Corman home, and he told them he
preferred to stay here and die than go home. I had offered
to send him home before that, but he desired to remain at
Carlisle. I was not aware that you had any authority over
him. His stay here was entirely of his own motion. I
have now to inform you that he died on the 22nd inst., and
was buried on the 23rd. His death was peaceable and happy,
and even to the last he expressed his satisfaction that he
was under such good care and medical treatment as he had here.

VOL. 18

453

April 27th, 1891.

William B. Harvey,
West Grove, Pa.

Friend Harvey!--

Glad to get yours of this day, and especially
obliged to you for the counsel in regard to sales. We are
going to plant Bents' Prolific, and hope to have first class
enlistage.

In regard to milking cows, I rather expect to
be in the market for about 50 head after the barn is com-
pleted and have no prejudices or preferences. What we want
is big milkers, as well as good milkers, both quantity and
quality. It may be that you can aid me in getting held of a
good herd. I had thought of some registered but the larger
part only grade kept.

I have been intending for some time to run down
and see you, but somehow the opportunity does not offer.
Of course, we should have young cattle, but still old enough
to give us assurance of quantity and quality of milk. Mr.
Bennett has explained to me your system of water supply, and I
think we may follow you somewhat in our arrangements. What
cutter do you use, or esteem best? I am glad to have your

VOL. 18

W. B. H., 2.

advice, and do not at all esteem it meddling; on the contrary,
it is most helpful.

I think there will be no trouble about Richard
securing his lands without going to the territory. When
they get at the alloting I shall look after the Cheyenne
and Arapahoe students here and insist that they have the
attention they deserve, and Richard and his children can be
included.

VOL. 18

April 27th, 1891.

Wilson Elm,

Oneida, Wis.

Dear Sir:

I have your letter in regard to your adopted
daughter. It is a matter of some doubt as to who shall go
home this summer, and none will be sent home until the end of
June. I have laid your letter away and will give it due
consideration when the matter comes up.

April 27th, 1891.

Arthur Wood,

Dear Arthur:

Won't you please make me another print of the
last letter heading you designed? Would it not be practicable
to have it a photographic print? I find that I can get
just as good work done in New York, as you sent me samples of,
at a very much less rate.

VOL. 18

456

April 27th, 1891.

Rev. John Jutz,

Pine Ridge Agency, S. Dak.

Dear Sir:-

Replying to your letter, I have to say that I have learned, by extended experience, that what you S. J. gentlemen say is, too often, not supported by the facts. Your coadjutor at Pine Ridge during the estate there is a person of whom I have had considerable knowledge, and I should be quite as willing to take the word of an ordinary frontiersman as his word, or the word of many of the other priests that I have come in contact with in the Indian work. The outrageous and ridiculously untrue things that you, and men of your cloth, say against the government, its schools and its officials, are becoming pretty well understood; and when it comes to a question of veracity as between you and the correspondent whom you denounce, I should accept his word.

VOL. 18

April 27th, 1891.

Mrs. Jerusche Metoxen,

Sagola P. O., in Wis.

Dear Mrs. Metoxen:

I am grateful to you for your letter and kind expressions. Too often the returns for our work do seem small and the situation becomes burdensome, so very few of the parents seem to work together with us to accomplish Oneidas results. Among the difficulties this trouble is not so frequent as among the wilder tribes, and to have now and then a sensible, kindly word from the fathers or mothers is very glad some.

Your daughter, Susie, has been quit a model student throughout her whole career at Carlisle. She has promise of more than ordinary ability, and I am hopeful that you will allow her to continue with us until she graduates. I think it right, if you and she insist upon it, that she should go home this year, although I should be glad to save that expense to our appropriation; but if you desire I will send her with the hope that you will allow her to return in a couple of months and complete her course. There is so much need of better equipment for life's struggles than we have

VOL. 18

Mrs. M. 2.

been giving to our Indian youth, where there is good health
and ability we should held on and give higher education.
Susie's qualities call for this, and if you give her back to
me, I shall be glad to have her not only go through Carlisle
but forward her on to higher attainments after she has grad-
uated from us.' I am so situated I can do that at Metzger
Institute, a very excellent young ladies school in the town
of Carlisle.

The students returning this year cannot be sent
until after the beginning of July, because our funds for
transportation are exhausted.' The exact time I am not able
yet to tell you, but it will be one of the first days of the
month.

VOL. 18

459

April 27th, 1891.

Alexander Yellow Wolf,

Pine Ridge Agency, S. Dak.

My dear Friend:

I was glad to get your letter and pleased to
know you are at work at something. & then scouting is better
than doing nothing, but I think if you had a good place
offered to you east to work for some good man, as you write
your Lieutenant proposed, it would be the best thing for you
to do.

We could let you have one of our spring wagons
for $58.00, but you would have to pay the cost of transporta-
tion. If you send me $58 for one I would send you one at
once.

I suppose you read the Indian Helper and know
that we have had quite an attack of measles at the school.
Happily, it is now well past.

James Cornman died on the 23rd and was buried
in our school graveyard.

Spring is upon us; the trees are well leaved
out; the grass is up fresh and green. We have taken up the

VOL. 18

May 1st, 1892.

G. C. Bowen,

Medina, N. Y.

Dear Sirs,

I send you copy of my last annual report, also a paper prepared by me, and a copy of our school paper, which may contain much of the information you want.

In answer to your inquiry, I have to inform you that quite a number of our students became teachers; others fill various industrial places at the agencies, and a very considerable number are out in our eastern communities.

Very respectfully,

Capt. & Sup't.

VOL. 18

463

May 1st, 1891

Phoebe Howell,

Penna. Hospital,
Philadelphia, Pa.

My dear Phoebe:

I send you ticket back to Carlisle, but trust
that your condition will be such when you receive this that
you will not need to come. It would be so much better for
you not to spend your time and money in traveling backwards
and forwards; besides, it is a considerable inconvenience to
the people you are with. You have your place to fill and
should fill it. However, if it is likely that you will not
be able for duty in the hospital for some time we shall be
glad to have you come here for the benefits of our mountain
air and comfortable homes.

I am sorry, indeed, to hear that you are sick,
but there are so many down with the grippe and measles that
it is not at all to be wondered at, that even the doctors and
nurses themselves should occasionally fall by the way.

VOL. 18

464

May 1st, 1891.

Chief Two Strike,

Rosebud Agency, South Dak.

My dear Friend:

I have your second letter written by Lieut. Dravo. Your other letter I gave to the Secretary of War yesterday, and he gave it out to the Press from Washington, so that the country might know what you had done and what your intentions were. I shall print both letters in our "Red Man". The Secretary was very much pleased to know what you had done in the matter of enlisting your young men. I met Captain Lee there and had a long talk about it, - the Adjutant General, Secretary of War, Captain Lee and myself. Capt. Lee stood up for you and the Brules nicely.

The Commissioner of Indian Affairs is anxious that I should go to Rosebud and Pine Ridge, and get a considerable number of children from those two agencies, so that I shall probably see you before many weeks as I want to go after them myself. The people at Pine Ridge have written that a good many children want to come here, but I have no word from Rosebud, and I shall be glad to have you talk it up

VOL. 18

T. S., 2.

among the people, and Carlisle will join hands with the military to lifting the Brules out of their bad reputation.

The Sioux youth who have been with us are a great help to their people, as you know. They can talk English and are worth something. A good many of them are helping about the agency and some are teaching school. Some of the foremost young men and young women of this school are from Rosebud and Pine Ridge, and they are making good names for the Sioux Indians here in the east. We have a long hard fight to make and we must fight together with you out there, and we must overcome all these enemies who are trying to put down the Indians.

I congratulate you on being the first to fill a company of Indians for the U. S. service, which will make a record that will last in Washington. You remember, too, that when we began Carlisle the Rosebud Sioux were the first to give me their children. Spotted Tail spoke first and gave me five; Two Strike came next and gave me two; White Thunder gave me two and Milk gave me two. Many of the others, you will remember, gave me children, and it was the first party that I asked for for Carlisle, and I do not forget these things, and I am glad to know that it has helped to break

VOL. 18

May 1st, 1892.

To the Adjutant General, U. S. A.,
Washington, D. C.

Sir

I have the honor to report myself on duty in charge of this school under the provisions of the Act of Congress, approved June 27th, - per S. O. No. 184, Headquarters of the Army A. G. O. August 28th, and letter of instruction from the Hon. Secretary of the Interior, dated September 6th, - all 1879.

My address for the next month is as above.

Very respectfully,

Your obb. servt.,

VOL. 18

469

May 1st, 1891.

William Hitchcock,
Register of Deeds,
Leland, Mich.

Dear Sir:

Yours of 23rd April, enclosing Quit Claim Deed for
signature of Eliza Popsquin, or Eliza Paul, and Five dollars
for expenses, received.

From statements made by Eliza Paul, now a pupil of
this school, it appears that her husband abandoned her some
years ago, and has done nothing since towards her support.
It is, therefore, right and proper that she receive such
share of this property as the laws of your State give the
wife. Please advise me what valuation to put upon this
land, and what share the wife is entitled to. If amount of
this is sent me for Eliza, I will have the deed executed as
you request. I retain paper and money, awaiting your reply.

VOL. 18

471

May 6th, 1891.

Show-oo-ma,

Governor, Laguna, N. M.

Dear Sir:-

It is the desire of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs that we should, so far as possible, hold on to the children who are now somewhat advanced until they graduate. The children from Laguna are generally happy and in excellent health. It is their own desire to stick to school largely though some of them care to go home, and in all cases where it is at all practicable I shall feel it my duty to carry out the wishes of the Commissioner and hold on to the children. Where their health fails, or there is very strong reason at home, we has been the case, I of course must let them go home.

Assuring you of my earnest desire to do that which is best for you and for the children,

I am,

Most truly yours,

Capt. & Sup't.

VOL. 18

Personal.

May 5th, 1881.

Gen'l. T. J. Morgan,

Comdr. of Indian Affairs.
61 Wooster Street,
New York City.

Dear General:

Mr. Standing, just before my last visit to Washington, desired to make some suggestions in regard to the quality of goods of the Indian service, and I told him to write me at theebit House. He did write me but his letter was not received in time to submit to you and to just returned to me here. I forward it to you.

I question whether these suggestions may not
come too late, but if not too late I should think some
of them, at least, might be adopted with benefit.

VOL. 18

474

May 6th, 1953.

Mrs. Mary A. Smith,

Suspension Bridge,

Niagara Co., N. Y.

Dear Mrs. Smith:

I shall look after the condition of your boy
and will be guided by that. It is not possible for us to
make changes so frequent in the school, unless there is great
necessity. Our students come to us for a fixed period, and
unless their own health gives way we must hold on to them.
The reports so far are not such as to warrant me in thinking
of the change you ask. I think your boy will fare better
here than he would at home. He may feel a little out of
health, as a great many have during the past few months, but
there can be nothing serious the matter with him so far.

Sincerely, your friend,

VOL. 18

May 6th, 1891.

Col. Garrick Mallerý,

Bureau of Ethnology,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Sir

Below Cezed, formerly a pupil at this school,
from the Kiowa agency, but now at home for a year, is the
only Indian whom I know of having used the particular hiero-
glyphic writing, sample of which you sent me. I have no
doubt he is the author of that, Peter Oostoo, an Apache,
whose name appears to it, to here now, but says he never saw
anything like it and knows nothing about it. Below left
here a year ago, after being with us about three years. He
was 22 or 23 years of age, married, his wife and child being
left behind at the Kiowa agency. He received such letters,
some of them very long, from his wife while here, and he
wrote such letters to her. I procured one about two years
age and sent it to the Indian office, his translation being
attached. Below was a student in the Agency school when a
very small child, 14 or 15 years age, which explains his good
use of the pen. He told me, when giving the translation
to the letter that I sent to the Indian Office, that there

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

VOL. 18

G. M., 2.

were quite a good many Kieowas who understood the system; but
it is certainly something of recent origin, for I served among
Kieowas and Comanches for eight years, and often came across
their picture writing but never saw anything on this method.
At one time, Below had a number of such letters and I tested
him in the reading of them. He read and explained readily.
The apparent incongruity in the letter might result from his
lack of ability to give a good English explanation.

Some time ago I wanted samples of picture
writing for exhibition purposes and wrote Below sending him
a quantity of drawing paper and materials that he might
supply us. He sent me quite a stock of this sort of writing,
but no pictures such as I wanted! He is rather vain of his
ability in this direction, and if you care to correspond with
him about it I have no doubt he would respond promptly!
Write him care of the Indian Agent at Annenberg, Ind. Ten.

Yours truly,

Capt. & Sup'k.

VOL. 18

May 6th, 1891.

Mrs. Nellie L. Hawn,
 Emerson, Neb.

My dear friend:

I have yours and its enclosure relating to Cecilia's estate, for such I must call it, and I enclose to you a note from Dr. Lyte, from which you will see what the conditions are. I regard Cecilia in just as good hands at Millersville as she would be here, or at home, and I am satisfied, from my own school physician's report, that she is making capital of her situation. It has gone to the extent of becoming a matter of discipline. Dr. Dixon is quite positive that there is no good reason why she should be removed from Millersville to Carlisle, or sent home.

Cecilia showed herself quite obdurate when here. She had made up her mind against Millersville and that she would go to some other school, and this, I think, is at the bottom of the whole matter. However, I will take pains to keep myself informed as to her condition, and should it turn out to be at all necessary I will send her home.

VOL. 18

479

May 6th, 1891.

Dr. E. O. Lyte,
State Normal School,
Millersville, Pa.

My dear Doctor:-

I realize that Cecilia is making a very des-
perate fight to accomplish her purposes, whatever they may be.
I enclose to you a letter written by one of your other girls,
on her behalf, to Cecilia's sister, also a letter from her
sister, which you will please return, after reading.

I do not feel kindly disposed towards her
changes and shall be very slow to meet her wishes. I have
written her expressing my disapproval of her complaining
spirit, and telling her that even though the room was not
as comfortable as some other rooms, it only afforded her a
good opportunity of showing that she was a woman of some
character instead of giving her the opportunity which she has
seized upon to complain.

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

May 6th, 1891.

Mr. Good Thunder,
Morton, Rensville Co., Minn.

Dear Sir:

It will not be practicable for me to return
Willie until his five years are up. We cannot undertake to
send students backwards and forwards, and as the arrangement
is that they shall remain five years with us, even though you
paid the sum, it is not advisable. The shifting from school
to school, the unwillingness of the parents to let students
remain in any school a sufficient length of time to get an
education, interferes continually with the welfare of the
Indians, and if the government is willing to educate your son,
and give him clothing and board, certainly it is as little
as you can do to yield him up for the time necessary to get
the education. Very few white people in the land but would
be glad to have as good opportunities for their children.

May 6th, 1891.

Mrs. Madeline Stephen,
Osage Agency, Ind. Ter.

Madam:

I wrote the agent on April 27th of the running coay of your son, together with Eugene Simpson and Fred Mon-erowie on April 18th. I have heard nothing from them since. They were all under a cloud, which probably accounts for their action.

In regard to George, I shall have no objections to his returning this year. He had the measles recently but is now well and in school again.

VOL. 18

VOL. 18

May 6th, 1891.

Richard Davis,

West Grove, Pa.

Dear Richard:-

I think you are entirely safe in Mr. Seger's hands for selection of your allotments. You would not be safer in the hands of J. D. Miles.

Let Nannie come up here by all means and give us as long a visit as she will. We are always glad to see her and the children and you!

About the other matter, I am inclined to be just as favorable as the circumstances will permit. You are under obligations to Mr. Harvey, and so long as he treats you well, and things go all right, I must not interfere in the least, but, as I said before, I want you to think of Carlisle when you make a change rather than think of the West.

I must have information about cattle. I want to purchase at such rate as will give me the best results. It is no great object for us to have registered or imported stock. What we want is good milk and plenty of it.

483

May 6th, 1891.

WILLIAM Poisano,
Laguna, N. M.
See 'y. & Treas.

Dear William:

I have your letter written by request of the father of Bert Wetmore. My money for transportation is clear down, so that it is not possible for me to do anything more than that which I am compelled to do by the conditions here. Bert is in very good health, and there is no reason, so far as he is concerned, why I should send him home. After July 1st, when we are sending other pupils home, I shall not object seriously to sending Bert, if it is still considered necessary. Will you not let me know sometime the latter part of June?

Your friend,

VOL. 18

485

May 7th, 1891.

Coxing Bull,

care of L. Minugh,
Harlem, Mo.

My dear friend:

Your son John was taken suddenly worse yesterday and died last night. We are just now going to his funeral. For several weeks we have been hoping that he would rally and come up so that we could send him home, but the tendency has been constantly downward, and we have been disappointed. He was a good, kind, faithful boy and seemed content to meet his fate.

I need not assure you that he has had the best of nursing and the kindliest and most efficient care from our school physician and nurse, and it is because that distinctive itself was incurable that we have not been able to bring him up and send him back to you. Our hearts are very sad, and we sympathize with you in your great loss, which is ours as well.

Faithfully, your friend,

VOL. 18

491

May 11th, 1891.

Theodore D. Culp,

Gettysburg, Pa.

Dear Sir:-

I asked Charlie Dagenett, to whom your letter referred, to write you and give you potaters. He informs me that he did and that he sent you some material. The question of citizenship and its quality for every man depends upon his training for that responsibility. A man of good birth, brought up in excellent home surroundings with many lessons and much inspiration from a noble father and mother, easily becomes a good citizen, while the one who is brought up in the slums of a great city amid scenes of degradation and violence, easily becomes a bad citizen. The Indian is no different. Whites born of the best parentage, if brought up under the ignorant surroundings of Indian oaths, would make just as poor citizens as the Indians who are brought up under such surroundings. Indians, though born of savage parents, if brought up under the surroundings of good citizenship, easily become good citizens. I enclose to you my last report and a copy of a paper, from which you may clean some

VOL. 18

493

May 11th, 1891.

Mr. James Williams,

Leuten, Mich.

My dear Sir:

Your letter to Mr. Standing has been handed to me. Your daughter, Julia, asked to be sent to the country for the summer as we do with our students largely every year. She was out last year and made quite a failure of her outing. She begged to go out again this year and proved to me that she could make a success of it. I accordingly granted her request, and having made the arrangements would not feel worried in changing.

The policy of sending home students during vacation does not work well for them or for the school. It seems to be quite a waste of time and to be worse than barren of results, in some cases proving a real disaster. When students returned they lost their grip on application, and it takes sometimes months to get them back to where they were when they left the school. This might and possibly would not prove true in the case of your daughters, but where we have nearly eight hundred students the influence of vacation home going is very serious on the rest if we grant it in one

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J. W., 2.

or two cases. Both your girls have made excellent progress
since they came here and are changing rapidly into good
womanly women, and I trust you will be content with that and
not disturb them by projecting changes. It would be far
better to invest the money it would cost you to bring them
home and send them back, in cows or some kind of property
that would increase in value, or even to put it at interest
against their final return.

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VOL. 18

May 11th, 1891.

J. H. Cusinney,

Custer, Mich.

My dear Sirs:-

It will cost you $80 to get your daughters
home comfortably and bring them back. The fare will be
$26.48 for a round trip ticket. They should have a little
something for expenses on route. I think if you should in-
vest that $80 in cows or land or some substantial property
for the benefit of the girls, and leave them here, it would be
a much wiser proceeding. There certainly can be no such
pressure of necessity as would warrant a comparatively poor
man in indulging such an expense at this time. Your daugh-
ters are in excellent health, both of them apparently happy to be
here, as they say they are, and to let them have the full
benefit of our school course and of its opportunities would be
by far the best thing for them. A little bit of enduring
hardness is good for the young, as you perhaps know by this
time. Still, if you send me the money to pay for tickets to
Custer, and return to Carlisle, I will send them as I said.
Sincerely, your friend,

R. H. Poon
Captain & Sup's.

497

May 11th, 1891.

Lump Mouth,

Cheyenne & Arapahoe Agency,

Burlington, Ind. Ter.

My dear friend:-

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498

May 11th, 1892.

Thomas W. Potter,

Fort Totten, N. D.

Dear Mr. Potter:-

Supt. Canfield should make an application
to the Indian Office for the outing books and refer to mine
which were made in the government printing office. Sorry
that you have apprehensions in regard to the character of
your farmers out there. I have always felt confident that
attempts to farm out Indian youth from points near their
agencies would prove to be very difficult of success for the
reason that when they became discontented with their work, as
they sometimes do, they would quit their employers and go to
their homes. 500 miles to a young Indian, as you know, is
nothing. I have some trouble, even at this long range, but
still we have been able to make quite a success of it.

Thank you for the clippings. What is to become of
the catholic assaults I don't know. They are proposing to rule
the country, if they can.

In regard to the other matter, I think it just as
well that what you propose should be carried out; in fact, I

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