# China's Defensive Strategies

By C. L. Sulzberger

A MILITARY HEADQUARTERS, North China.—Field Marshal Montgomery once told me: “There are two rules of war. The first rule is never invade Russia. The second rule is never invade China.” As far as the first rule is concerned, I am convinced this country hasn’t the slightest intention of breaking it. But it is clearly preparing for the contingency that Moscow itself might violate the second.

There is no effort to hide this worry. In a Shensi village I saw a large poster on the main square showing Chinese troops fighting the Russians in 1969 along the Ussuri River. I saw the same picture in a textile factory at Huhehot, Inner Mongolia.

A high ranking officer of the People's Liberation Army told me: "Political education in our unit stresses Russia, both in class struggle education courses and situation education courses." Another commander said: "We build tunnels, but the Russians talk about our threat."

Tunneling is indeed a main feature of Chinese preparation. I have seen tunnels in various places including one in a Peking factory, linked to the capital's extensive underground network, displaying Mao Tse-tung's slogan: "Dig tunnel deep. Store grain everywhere."

Tunneling is an old Chinese stratagem. Sun Tzu, who taught "the art of war" in 500 BC and is Chairman Mao's favorite strategist, counselled: "The general who is skilled in defense, in effect, hides in the most secret recesses of the earth."

I have read a popular book and seen a popular movie both entitled: "Tunnel Warfare." All cities are riddled with underground shelters and connecting links. Tunneling is even regarded as an offensive tactic and I wouldn't be utterly astonished if portions of the Soviet frontier had been honeycombed by clever Chinese engineers.

The other aspect of Maoist defensive strategy is distributing food and key supplies around the country. Chen Chung of the Agriculture Ministry says: "Each district must become self-sufficient in grain as a preparation against war. In wartime, communications can be cut."

## A Vast Army

People's China has a vast army with limitless reserves. The full strength division—volunteers who may be retained after their three-year enlistment expires—comprises somewhat over 10,000 men with five regiments: three infantry, one artillery (20 guns) and one armored (80 tanks).

Morale, training and small arms appear excellent. Artillery relies heavily on the 120-mm. piece. The air force is unimpressive, depending mostly on outmoded Soviet type MiG-10s and Il-28 twin-jet medium bombers. I saw plenty of both on airfields.

Maoism teaches: "Weapons are an important factor in war, but not the decisive one; it is man and not material that counts." Thus cunning (of which tunneling is an example), loyalty (insured by party control of the army) and ruse are vital to Chinese planning. Sun Tzu taught: "All warfare is based upon deception." Chairman Mao wrote: "The Red Army generally operates by surprise attacks."

Nevertheless, the nuclear-missile age and the break with Russia have had a sobering effect. Mao admitted to Nehru once that an atomic conflict might kill half—not all—of mankind but "imperialism would be razed to the ground and the whole world become socialist." However, as China has pressed forward its own nuclear-missile program, its leaders have increasingly respected that weapon's implications.

Mao says no nation really dares employ atomic arms but there is no ringing confidence in that assertion. Therefore China's own nuclear-missile potential is being increased at great expense.

As the Sino-Soviet split widened, China nuclear weapons program has enjoyed high priority.

During the 1960s there were 11 test explosions and the rate has accelerated together with deployment of operational medium-range missiles. China's steadily mounting potential stimulates talk among Soviet hawks of the desirability of destroying it before it grows too big.

There has been a perceptible increase of Soviet forces stationed near this country's borders, now estimated at some 44 divisions. The People's Liberation Army is aware of the implied menace but there is no special state of alert. My own hunch is that Montgomery's second rule will prevail —unless Moscow's policy-makers are tempted by the possibility of an unstable situation here.

THE CITY POLITIC

BY AARON LATHAM

New York

10/8/73

## OUR MAN AT WATERGATE

### Faltering

President Nixon, who evidently does not have time to watch the Watergate hearings on television, does manage to find time to watch televised football games. And from his study of that sport, he knows about momentum. He knows that when the other side seems to be running away with the game, it is a good time to call time-out. Last summer, the Watergate committee seemed to have momentum, but their August-September recess may have been just the time-out the President needed. As the second round of the investigation opens, everyone seems somewhat listless, even Senator Howard Baker, the early but fading star of the hearings.

During E. Howard Hunt's testimony, Baker left the caucus room momentarily to stretch. He paused in the corridor where the television people have set up a small command post with several monitors. For a few minutes, the senator watched the hearings on television like the rest of America.

A technician said, ironically, "Hunt's certainly one of your more interesting witnesses."

Baker agreed, "He certainly is."

The technician said, "Bring back Tony Ulasewicz."

Baker said, "Oh, no, you can only take Tony so long."

The technician asked, "Where are we going from here?"

Baker said, "I don't know. The whole thing is sort of faltering."

For better or, probably, for worse, some of the senators seem inclined to hand the ball off to the courts.

### Friendship

Dr. Henry Kissinger, the Dr. Strange-love of the Nixon Administration, is famous for dating beautiful women, but his real talent is wooing the press. At a summer party, Kissinger was seen with his arm around Carl Bernstein, the reporter who helped break the Water-gate story in *The Washington Post*. The party was for a journalist who was leaving the White House press corps, and the guests were almost exclusively reporters. But Kissinger showed up, hoping to win a few hearts and minds.

Bernstein, who had been there awhile, confronted Kissinger and seemed to be lecturing him. The reporter and the director of America's foreign policy knew each other only by reputation. Bernstein had only been a city reporter until the Watergate made him famous, and he was therefore not a veteran of the Washington dinner-party circuit, where Kissinger is a regular. In fact, Bernstein's role in exposing the Water-gate scandal was somewhat sobering to practitioners of dinner-party journalism. Bernstein had not been able to call White House insiders by their first names, and yet, as it turned out, he knew more about the high and the mighty than reporters who had dined with them. But now Bernstein was finally face to face with the insider of all insiders, and he had a few things to say.

One of Bernstein's friends, fearing the reporter was being too frank, attempted to intervene. But Kissinger, according to one guest at the party, put his arm around Bernstein's shoulder and said:

"I like Carl."

It was further proof of the doctor's strange affections. Kissinger has repeatedly complained that the Watergate scandal has undermined his grand design for United States foreign policy, but he was too diplomatic to play that old song at that party. He went on to say that he could not look at television anymore because he found himself watching all his old friends. Kissinger, surely the second most powerful man in America, added:

"They let the power go to their heads. They let the power go to their heads."

Kissinger kissed the girl whom Bernstein had brought to the party and said goodnight.

### 'Vice Chairman President'

Senator Howard Baker had to choose last Tuesday between appearing on television and watching television. He chose to watch. The program which pulled him away from his place in front of the Watergate cameras was a special report on the problems of Vice President Agnew. Baker was not an entirely disinterested spectator.

The senator stood squarely in front of one of the monitors set up in the hallway outside the Senate Caucus Room. Highly speculative rumors have suggested that he has already been offered the vice presidency should the incumbent resign. (Reporters covering the Watergate hearings have recently been passing around a note which reads: "Vice Chairman President.") So it was perhaps understandable that Baker, like America, was (Continued on page 11)

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(Continued from page 11) ment seemed to feel that writing was like smoking and that, if he tried, he could cut down. Since George Higgins was on his way to making his first million as an author, he would not promise to quit, even though he could see the habit could be dangerous to his career.

Higgins resigned from his job as a government prosecutor in June in order to cover the Watergate scandal for *The Atlantic Monthly*. His magazine articles will later be expanded into a book which he expects to call *The Friends of Richard Nixon*. The package deal for the magazine pieces and book was reportedly $90,000.

When Higgins's articles begin appearing, the Nixon Administration may appreciate his writing even less than they did when he worked for them. The Watergate senators may not like what he writes about them either. His conversation is sprinkled with asides which suggest that he thinks the senators' television ratings are higher than their I.Q.'s.

"I find it hard to believe," he said of the senators one day as he was leaving the hearing room, "that anyone behind that table is bright enough to arrange to catch anyone else. Of course, this would not be the first time in history that one stupid person has taken advantage of the stupidity of others."

Higgins especially likes one story that has been making the rounds:

"If Joseph Montoya were questioning a witness . . . and the witness said, 'I walked into the Oval Office and saw the President bare-ass naked with the Gemstone file in his mouth' . . . Montoya's next carefully thought-out question would be, 'And when was the next time you saw the President?'"

### The Other Scandal

Leslie Stahl of CBS News passed a copy of the Congressional Record around the Senate Caucus Room one day last week that caused a sensation. One imagined that the key to the Watergate scandal had been found, or at the very least, that there had been a call for impeachment. Instead, it turned out that the item which had set the Watergate hearing room buzzing had to do with another nationally televised spectacle which may have irreversibly shifted the balance of power in this country.

It seems that Senator James Abourezk had risen on the Senate floor to offer some urgent thoughts on Billie Jean King's defeat of Bobby Riggs: "Mr. President . . . is it not just like a woman to lure a man to a meeting at night, to exhaust him physically, to take his money, and then to humiliate him in front of his friends?"

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UVT 10/9/73

# Kissinger Cites Risk in Pushing Soviet Too Hard on Emigration

Special to The New York Times

WASHINGTON, Oct. 8 — Secretary of State Kissinger warned tonight that there were limits to how far the United States could press Soviet leaders for changes in their system without running the risk of reviving the cold war and increasing international tensions.

Speaking at the start of a three-day foreign-policy convocation in Washington, Mr. Kissinger devoted much of his largely philosophical address to American relations with the Soviet Union and the "goats of detente."

He strongly defended the Administration's much-criticized efforts to extend normal trade status — most-favored nation treatment — to the Soviet Union without linking it to a more liberal Soviet emigration policy toward Jews and others.

Senator J. W. Fulbright, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, the other speaker tonight, support Mr. Kissinger's attack on the Congressional efforts led by Senator Henry M. Jackson, Democrat of Washington, to make such a linkage.

"The Russian people have lived under dictatorship throughout their history," he said. "It is not for us, at this late date, to try to change that by external pressure, especially at a time when there is a better chance than ever to build a cooperative relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States."

## 'Genuine Moral Dilemma'

Mr. Kissinger said this dispute with Congress had spawned "an intense debate" in America, and he acknowledged "a genuine moral dilemma." But he said that although the Administration would continue to urge humane principle on Moscow, "the issue comes down to the limits of such efforts."

"How hard can we press without provoking the Soviet leadership into returning to practices in its foreign policy that increase international tension?" he asked, "Are we ready to face the crises and increased defense budget that a return to cold-war conditions would spawn?

"Is it detente that has prompted repression—or is it

detente that has generated the ferment and the demand for openness which we are now witnessing?"

Mr. Kissinger's speech to association, "Pacem in Terris III" ("for Peace on Earth III"), was released to the press in advance.

The convocation is sponsored by the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions and has brought together several thousand specialists on foreign affairs. The title comes from an encyclical of Pope John XXIII in 1963, that led to convocations in 1965 and 1967.

## 'We Are Not Neutral'

Mr. Kissinger stressed that the Administration was not turning its eyes from repugnant policies and would 'never forget that the antagonism between freedom and its enemies is part of the reality of the modern age.'

"We are not neutral in that struggle," he continued. "As long as we remain powerful we will use our influence to promote freedom as we always have."

"But in the nuclear age we are obliged to recognize that the issue of war and peace also involves human lives and that the attainment of peace is a profound moral concern," he said, arguing that in the long run more could be gained by improved relations with the Soviet Union than in pressing it too hard.

First Line Report
With Bernard Kalb

October 9, 1973

BERNARD KALB: Once upon a time, just a few weeks ago, to be exact, Henry Kissinger roamed the world with only one title to his name: National Security Advisor to the President. In that capacity his diplomatic coups were the stuff of headlines. Now he enjoys a second title: Secretary of State, and he has come face to face with a fresh sort of reality, with war, instead of a shakey truce, dominating the Middle East. More after this.

(Announcement)

BERNARD KALB: Now, more than ever before, Henry Kissinger is at the front line of U.S. diplomacy, the point man, as they say in the military. As Secretary of State, not only in name but in fact, he is the fellow out front, exposed, leading the way, hopefully sure footed. In the old days, as America's diplomatic 007, Kissinger would slip away from a crowded Washington dinner party. The next thing you knew, he had been to China, chatting with Premier Chou En-lai, or he had made a quick secret trip to Moscow to see Leonid Brezhnev. It wasn't a Walter Middy dream, it was the real thing.

Now he is Secretary of State as well, determined to institutionalize some of the innovations, the achievements, of U.S. foreign policy during the last four years. Policy, after all, often has a longer life than just one Administration. But he hasn't had much time to relax in the new job. He would have preferred to concentrate on some personnel changes at the State Department, but the Middle East war blew up, his tenure began with an explosion between the Israelies and the Arabs. Not that he did not try, as reports have it, to head off the war in those last few hours before the killing began, but he had no control over the motivations, the antagonisms that dominated the Middle East.

- 2 -

His first challenge as Secretary of State also seems to have had an element, as some analysts see it, of being misled by one side in the war. In New York he had probed for an opening toward an eventual negotiated settlement in the Middle East. Egyptian Foreign Minister, so the reports went, had indicated a willingness to continue his talks with Kissinger in November, matching an earlier commitment by Israel's Abba Eban, but later, after the war broke out, a State Department official would say that in going back over the conversations that the Secretary had had in New York, there was never any indication that there was a military action intended.

"Do you think Kissinger was had," one reporter asked an official after the shooting began. "Oh, I guess a little," was the reply. It is the sort of thing that diplomacy sometimes is made of.

Sometimes it is the sort of thing that a conference is made of, too, despite the best intentions of the organizers. Last night Kissinger delivered what was advertised as a philosophical statement on U.S. foreign policy, a speech before the Peace on Earth Conference, but midway, an interruption -- a couple of anti-Vietnam war protesters heckling a surprised Dr. Kissinger, passing out a leaflet denouncing him as "The High Priest of Slaughter."

Kissinger won applause when he picked up a line from his speech, "The prerequisite for a fruitful national debate is that the policymakers and critics appreciate each other's perspectives and respect each other's purposes."

As Secretary of State, Kissinger still inhabits the same diplomatic world he did when he was only National Security Advisor, but now, as the point man for U.S. diplomacy, he is way out front, in pursuit of the target of peace as well as the target of those who disagree with U.S. policy.

* * * * *

14
NOTCH

MANCHESTER (N. H.) U

(Continued from Page One)

The 1973 highway act calls for a "parkway type highway" built "to geometric and construction standards...which the secretary determines are necessary for the safety of the traveling public, for the protection of the environment, and for the preservation of the park-like and historic character of the Franconia Notch area adjacent to the highway."

"The State of New Hampshire, with the concurrence of the secretary, is authorized to permit the use of the above section of highway to specified types of vehicles during specified times of the day and of the year," the act says.

"My personal expectation is the secretary's response will probably set the various requirements that will have to be met. We think in terms of a parkway," Whitaker said.

Federal sources said they expected the secretary would okay whatever plan the state suggested, as long as it met the broad definition of a parkway.

"The parkway clause permits a real letdown in the standards which are specified for the interstate highway system," Whitaker said. "It permits the incorporation of all sorts of features such as sharpened curvatures to make the highway fit the terrain with the least possible change."

"The word parkway does in some people's minds preclude the use of trucks," Whitaker said. "I think it was the intent of the congressman (Rep. James Cleveland, R-N.H., a senior member of the House Public Works Committee) that trucking be permitted on it except possibly during heavy tourist or skiing weekends."

"I would see no reason to preclude trucking during the night hours either, except perhaps certain limited night," Whitaker said.

He said Cleveland had been "most helpful" to the department in its efforts to complete Interstate 93.

## CONTROLS

An Editorial

# Kissinger Rejects Judaeo-Christian Ideal

(Continued from Page One)

but the protest DID tell the world that the United States stood for certain basic principles of freedom, decency and law which have seldom been honored by ANY Russian government, Czarist or Communist.

Now, the course advocated by President Nixon and Dr. Kissinger amounts to an abandonment of those principles and of the Jews and other minorities who want to leave the Soviet Union.

This is not only an amoral act by President Nixon and Dr. Kissinger but also it is stupid. When the Russians see us abandon our principles they very logically come to the conclusion that we don't have the courage or the intestinal fortitude to stand against them and for what we believe. Therefore, they will push us ever harder.

Furthermore, considering the results of the wheat deal, this newspaper's faith in Dr. Kissinger and President Nixon as bargainers on our behalf with Soviet Russia is exactly nil. We believe that reflects pretty well the way the rest of the United States feels. Thus, if we follow Secretary Kissinger's advice, we will be exactly in the same position as the young lady who sacrificed everything and ended up without a wedding ring. We will have lost our honor and sacrificed our principles — and gained nothing in return.

It is very tragic that Dr. Kissinger is attempting to import to the United States and introduce into our foreign policy the amoral principle-less and outmoded ideas of a tired and jaded Europe, instead of doing what a far greater Jewish statesman, Golda Meir, did-in bringing to Israel the principles of freedom and decency which she enjoyed and came to appreciate as she grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Would that we could trade Kissinger for Golda Meir — but the Israelis are too smart to make that kind of deal, and we don't blame them. Only an incompetent President such as President Nixon would want a Secretary of State like Dr. Kissinger.

PROGRAM DIRECT Farm at UNH was Owen M. Rogers, ing a group at the re

## LICENSES

(Continued from Page One)

Carnahan, 52, Derry; Pat Carney, 30, Keene; Joe Carpenter Jr., 50, Westfield; Frederick J. Cle Lebanon; Timothy J. C Holderness; John W. W. 30, Keene; Dorothy Cross Ashton, R.I.; Norman lum, 40, West Lebanon; F. Dagenais, 28, Dover E. Davis, 35, Weare.

Helen Davis, 42, H. Joseph J. DeLuca, 66, Kingston; William A. 22, Salem; Joseph P. D. 19, Nashua; Ellsworth Jr., 30, Newburyport; James J. Egan, 53, Dana Farr Jr., 18, Paul E. Fessenden, 49, Wallace M. Fisher, 49, L. Kenneth R. Flynn, 31, I. Melvin O. Fowler, 51, H. Albert French, 41, G. Stewart A. Frizzell, 67, brook; Edgar Gaglia Enfield; Nelson A. Ga

Bradley's Daughter Pleads
Guilty To Drugs Charge

Phyllis Bradley, 28, daughter of
Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley,
was fined $50 and placed on six-
month probation last week after
she pleaded guilty to being under
the influence of a drug.

Police who stopped Miss Brad-
ley's car a year ago said they found
a small amount of marijuana in
it. During her appearance on the
drug charge, she was served with
warrants on four outstanding
traffic tickets and was released on
$70 bail on those charges.

History: Alabama Gov. George
C. Wallace passes gavel to Virgin
Islands Gov. Melvin Evans, who
became the first Black chairman
of the Southern Governors' Con-
ference when he was elected last
week at a meeting of the group
in Point Clear, Ala. Gov. Wallace
is the outgoing chairman of the
group.

Kissinger To Name Two
Blacks As Ambassadors

A Milwaukee councilman, Orval
Pitts, who challenged Georgia
State Rep. Julian Bond to a de-
bate during the 1968 presidential
campaign, and veteran U. S. diplo-
mat Rudolph O. Aggrey are ex-
pected to be named to ambassador-
ial slots by Secretary of State
Henry Kissinger, JET learned.

Aggrey, whose father was
known through Africa for his pio-
neering work in education, is now
a regional officer in the African
branch of the State Dept. Fluent
in French, Aggrey is expected to
be named as the U. S. envoy to
Senegal, a major post in Africa.

On the other hand, Pitts is ex-
pected to be assigned to an En-
glish-speaking African country.

JET Publisher Is Named To
Board Of Arthur Little Inc.

John H. Johnson, president of
the Johnson Publishing Co., pub-
lishers of JET, EBONY, BLACK
WORLD, BLACK STARS and EBONY
JR! magazines, was elected a
director of Arthur D. Little Inc.

Arthur D. Little Inc., head-
quartered in Cambridge, Mass., is
one of the oldest, largest and most
diversified research and manage-
ment consulting firms in the world.
The organization has offices in
principal cities throughout the
United States, Canada, South
America, Mexico, the United King-
dom and Europe and its services
range from basic and applied re-
search in the sciences to the for-
mulation and implementation of
corporate reorganizations.

AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Liberia Ends Dealings
With South Africa Govt.

The West African nation of Liberia has assumed a hard anti-South Africa posture, with a ban of all political contact and commercial dealings with the white racist-operated nation. The ban carries with it a fine of $10,000

Charles Diggs

William Tolbert

or seven years imprisonment or both for violators.

"I think that kind of leadership on behalf of Liberia ought to be followed by other nations," said Rep. Charles C. Diggs (D., Mich.), chairman of the African Affairs Subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. "I think the South African government ought to be isolated."

Diggs gave high marks to Liberian President William R. Tolbert. He said Tolbert "has taken on a different thrust, not only domestically but now on an international scene."

Tolbert succeeded the late President William V. S. Tubman, who died July 23, 1971. "The Liberians have long been noted for being starchy and formal. President Tolbert has caused a more relaxed attitude," said Diggs.

Kissinger Promises Better
Deal For African Nations

Secretary of State Henry Kissinger predicted that the U. S. will take a greater interest in African affairs now that the military endeavors are slowing down in Southeast Asia.

Appearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in Washington, D. C., Kissinger said that "it is true that over the recent years (that) the United States has let Europe play the leading role in Africa. That was partly because of traditional ties, and partly because of our concern with other areas of the world."

In light of the new trend, it was brought out that Kissinger has already summoned U. S. ambassador to Tanzania W. Beverly Carter to Washington for consultations, and that the former Pittsburgh Courier publisher may be named the first Black. assistant secretary of state for Africa.

In Africa, alone, are choice diplomatic openings in the Ivory Coast, Senegal, Kenya, Gabon, Togo and Ghana.

A move already is afoot to put Blacks in the State Dept. protocol office and in ambassadorial positions outside of the continent of Africa. The current four Black ambassadors all serve in Africa and officials report that the U. S. plans to send even more ambassadors to nations on the continent which are Black-controlled.

UN Health Organization
To Fight River Blind

The United Nations' Health Organization received it has prepared million, 20-year program out a disease called river disease which is ravaging several nations.

WHO estimated one million concentrated in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Togo and Upper Volta had the disease, which is caused by threadlike worm spread by flies which penetrate the skin.

WHO officials say about 200,000 persons in the seven nations are blind or have sight impaired from the disease.

African Woman 'Set
By Marriage To Stran

Since it took marriage British citizenship, Moira was more than willing to route. All she needed was her partner.

Melvyn Sharman didn't Miss Simbi but felt that men for a cause was just. So he in handy.

Thus, Miss Simbi (now Sharman), a Black native of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, and Sharman, a white businessman, were married almost they had met only once their wedding. But they did something in common. They both 27 years old.

The marriage came about because Moira Simbi was able with immigration authority who wanted to deport her

64

ruct.

higher, but I'm not. I covet my
ogs. I loved this blue bathrobe
well — one of the sleeves is
God, she speaks of what I want
stomach squeezes like a leaky
at I want for dinner is a shiny
ow does that grab you?

one. The precisely timed ring
is a form of torture. Let it go
up the receiver, and hear a
y case, I will not move from
og and I ignore it.

ave go on a cruise on the S.S.
. Sounds like a midnight pizza
when I was a teenager I dat-
Psychiatrists, please decode it
ets met the enemy and they

a shower. A vengeful glass
of kinds of water — ice and
. The soap is made by Elmer.
the radio on. I'm sufficiently
the shock of more bad news.
organizing a hunting club to
nouncements? Survivors can be
ons in fundamental English."
have lost your hearings aid.
are now receiving messages
the spine. The fingers move-on
this is what it is like to be
ng. Molly Goldberg used to
fit?"

NOTE: Bob Considine is on
lumn will be resumed on his

&Tears

is not demonstrative, as a
shows emotion of any kind
best is unselfish, devoted,
ng little and giving much —
sacrifice for others ... Leo
netic, clever and make fine
let them take the lead.

s: "They're like a couple of
e's nursing a grouch" and
ocode tears!" ... A new
feminine musical group
" is making a big hit at
erica's Jockey Club. The
ungsters sing, and play a
it instruments.

n's shoes are scuffed too
lish, rub them with a raw
will shine like new when
pots from ballpoint pens can
shirts by a quick rinse with
a wash in soapsuds ...
will come out of washable
soaked in a strong saltwater

en screwtop jars, gently
the lip of the lid — to release
opening easier... Try a
onia to ease the pain of a

The Fair Was Great!

This year's Baltimore City Fair was
undoubtedly the best ever. Everyone was
very impressed by its coordination and

EDWARD G. METTON

Bible Verse

...who hath called you out of dark-
ness into His marvelous light." I Peter 2:9.

News Am. 10/12/73

RABBI SAMUEL ROSENBLATT

Our Secretary of State

America's first foreign born Secretary of
State was sworn in several weeks ago and has
since then been busily engaged in the
performance of his duties of office.

In contrast with the experience of other
Nixon nominees to cabinet positions, several
of whom had a rather rough time in obtaining
their confirmation while others did not make
it at all, the designation of Dr. Kissinger to a
number one post in the executive branch of
our government met with but little opposition.
Even those: members of the senatorial
committee who, like George McGovern,
voted against him, did so, not because of
dissatisfaction with the candidate personally
but in order to register their protest against
the policies of the administration of Richard
Nixon in general.

What makes the virtually unanimous approval of the recommendation, to entrust the conduct of our nation's affairs of state to this refugee from Nazi anti-semitism, all the more remarkable is the fact that it was given notwithstanding the fact that the hate mail, attacking exceeded the volume of letters written by private citizens endorsing his appointment, by a ratio of 10 to one. That bigotry should still be able to flourish in a country with a nearly two-century-old tradition of liberty and justice for all may be disturbing though not exactly surprising. Prejudices die hard.

At the same time it is heartening to know
that the members of our Senate did not
permit themselves to be swayed by such
bias, but that, in considering the qualifica-
tions of the man proposed as the future Sec-
retary of State, they were motivated solely
by the nation's foremost interests and most
urgent needs and his ability to promote the
former and fulfill the latter.

Dr. Kissinger had proven that he was
eminently fitted for the discharge of his new

responsibilities and worthy of the trust
reposed in him not only by the high regard in
which he was held by his colleagues on the
faculty of Harvard University, our nation's
oldest and leading institutions of learning. He
had underscored his fitness by his solid ac-
complishments as a negotiator during the
few years in which he served as President
Nixon's advisor on foreign affairs. It was his
efforts that led to the truce with North Viet-
nam, which made it possible for us to with-
draw our troops from Indochina and thus put
an end to our unfortunate military involve-
ment there. It was because he had done the
groundwork that President Nixon's visit to
Peking became a reality after two decades of
complete non-communication between us and
the most populous country in the world. And
it is also to his credit that a thaw in the cold
war between our United States and the Soviet
Union was initiated as a result of the person-
al encounter in Moscow between the highest
executive of our republic and the political
leaders of the U.S.S.R.

The task of effecting a lasting peace and
true brotherhood is far from completed.
There still remain many differences to be
ironed out. In the meantime there is cause for
rejoicing over the fact that ours is still a land.
of opportunity, a country in which a person,
who is not a native of the U.S.A., who speaks
with the accent of the land of his birth, a son
of parents who are communicats of a
minority religion, can, by reason of this
intellectual qualities and his integrity, rise to
the very top and earn the plaudite of his
fellow-countrymen even though he has been
sponsored by a president who is presently
very much out of favor.

It our fervent hope and prayer for the sake
of our beloved country as well as all mankind,
that Dr. Kissinger may be successful in the
completion of the unfinished business before
him.

BEN BURROUGHS

Sketches

It's rough to be without a love... a some-
one close to you... it's a lonely road your
journey... when it's not traveled by
two... life itself is without
meaning... when you have to walk
alone... even a gay party... seems like:
a barren zone... nothing seems to

there's no love... no one who
understands... each thing you feel you feel
without... the use of heart or
hands... so we all are seeking... to find
a someone... who when rains of trouble
come... helps you find the sun... some

024A

POLICY 10-16

DAY LD

BY JOHN BARTON

WASHINGTON (UPI) -- SECRETARY OF STATE HENRY A. KISSINGER SAYS THE UNITED STATES DOES NOT PLAN TO SEND TROOPS INTO THE MIDDLE EAST, BUT MAY RECONSIDER IF THE SOVIET UNION SENDS ITS TROOPS TO AID THE ARAB COUNTRIES.

"WE HAVE NO INTENTION OF SENDING TROOPS TO THE MIDDLE EAST," KISSINGER TOLD REPORTERS MONDAY NIGHT DURING A WHITE HOUSE DINNER GIVEN BY PRESIDENT NIXON IN HONOR OF FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE WILLIAM P. ROGERS. BUT, HE ADDED, "IF THE RUSSIANS SEND TROOPS IT WILL BE A DIFFERENT MATTER."

MEANWHILE, AMBASSADORS TO THE UNITED NATIONS FROM ALGERIA, KUWAIT, MOROCCO AND SAUDI ARABIA SOUGHT APPOINTMENTS WITH NIXON TODAY, PRESUMABLY TO URGE THE UNITED STATES NOT TO ARM THE ISRAELIS.

KISSINGER MADE HIS REMARKS AT THE END OF A DAY IN WHICH THE STATE DEPARTMENT ANNOUNCED THE UNITED STATES HAS STARTED TO RESUPPLY ISRAEL WITH ARMAMENTS BECAUSE OF INCREASED SOVIET AIRLIFTS OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT TO ARAB STATES.

"WE HAVE BEGUN SOME RESUPPLY OF ISRAEL," STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN ROBERT J. MCCLOSKEY TOLD NEWSMEN. "TO AN APPRECIARLE EXTENT THIS IS DESIGNED TO PREVENT THIS MASSIVE AIRLIFT BY THE SOVIETS FROM UNSETTLING THE MILITARY BALANCE IN THE AREA," HE SAID.

OTHER U.S. OFFICIALS SAID THE SOVIET UNION STARTED SENDING TANKS AND OTHER HEAVY EQUIPMENT TO SYRIA AND EGYPT OVER THE WEEKEND. THEY ALSO SAID THE SOVIETS HAD STARTED USING CIVILIAN AS WELL AS MILITARY AIRCRAFT IN THEIR AIRLIFT.

THE UNITED STATES IS KNOWN TO HAVE BEEN SUPPLYING ISRAEL WITH MISSILES AND AMMUNITION SINCE THE OUTBREAK OF THE WAR, SENDING THEM VIA COMMERCIAL AIRLINERS CHARTERED BY ISRAEL. ON MONDAY THE UNITED STATES STARTED SENDING HEAVIER EQUIPMENT ON U.S. MILITARY PLANES FLYING TO ISRAEL VIA THE AZORES.

U.S. OFFICIALS SAID THAT NOT EVERY ISRAELI PLANE LOST WOULD BE REPLACED, SINCE ISRAEL COULD NOT USE THEM DUE TO HEAVY LOSS OF PILOTS AND CREWS.

SEN. HENRY M. JACKSON, D-WASH., TOLD UPI THAT "THE NUMBER OF F4S THAT ARE MOVING TO ISRAEL IS WHOLLY INADEQUATE."

PENTAGON OFFICIALS SUMMONED COMMERCIAL AIRLINE EXECUTIVES MONDAY TO REVIEW OF THE U.S. MILITARY AIRLIFT TO ISRAEL. COMMERCIAL PLANES WERE CONTRACTED BY THE PENTAGON DURING THE VIETNAM WAR.

PENTAGON SPOKESMAN JERRY FRIENDHEIM SAID "NO FINAL DECISION HAS BEEN MADE AT THIS TIME ON WHETHER OR NOT ADDITIONAL CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT ASSISTANCE WILL BE NECESSARY IN SUPPORT OF NORMAL MAC (MILITARY AIRLIFT COMMAND) ACTIVITIES."

DEFENSE SECRETARY JAMES P. SCHLESINGER SAID ON CAPITOL HILL MONDAY "WE ARE NOW ENGAGED IN A SIGNIFICANT RESUPPLY EFFORT TO ISRAEL, BUT WE HOPE TO BE ABLE TO TERMINATE THE HOSTILITIES IN THE NEAR FUTURE."

UPI 10-16 03:10 AED

Associated Press

President Nixon, right, congratulates Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger, co-winner of the

1973 Nobel Peace Prize with North Vietnamese diplomat Le Due Tho for their efforts to end war.

ARIZONA REPUBLIC
10/17/73

Viet negotiator shares award

Kissinger wins Nobel Peace Prize

Associated Press

OSLO, Norway — Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger and Le Due Tho of North Vietnam were awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize Tuesday for fashioning the cease-fire which officially ended the Vietnam war.

Mrs. Aase Lionaes, chairwoman of the Nobel committee, announced the award would be shared equally by the architects of the truce, who conducted 42 months of on-and-off, tough negotiations in Paris before reaching agreement in January.

In a brief statement, Mrs. Lionaes said the prize winners "had acted in accord with Alfred Nobel's idea ... that conflicts should be solved through negotiations and not by war."

Asked if the choice had been difficult, Mrs. Lionaes said, "no."

Kissinger, 50, and Tho, 62, a member of the North Vietnamese Politburo and the first ranking member of a Communist government to win the prize, will each receive 255,000 Swedish crowns, or about $60,000, and the Nobel medal and peace prize diploma.

The presentations will be made in a formal ceremony at the University of Oslo Dec. 10. Mrs. Lionaes said she hoped both winners would attend. She said both had been notified immediately before the public announcement at the Nobel Institute.

Kissinger was attending a White House meeting on the Middle East when he received the word. He was beaming as he left to drive to the State Department, saying, "I'm very pleased." No comment was available from Tho.

President Nixon said, "By jointly citing Dr. Kissinger and Le Due Tho, the Nobel Committee has also given deserved recognition to the art of negotiation," which Nixon said "will be more essential than ever as we seek to build and maintain a structure of peace in the world."

Kissinger, who was Nixon's chief national security adviser when the cease-fire was negotiated, is the 16th American to win the peace prize. Tho is the first Asian to be so honored.

Four other U.S. secretaries of state have won the Nobel Peace Prize—Eli-

hu Root in 1912, Frank Kellogg in 1929, Cordell Hull in 1945 and George C. Marshall in 1953.

A total of 47 candidates had been nominated for the 1973 prize, including Nixon and Yugoslav President Joseph Broz Tito.

The winners had been proposed by University of Oslo Prof. John Sanness, a committee member since 1970 and one of Norway's best-known foreign affairs analysts.

Mrs. Lionaes told a news conference that when the Paris cease-fire was signed Jan. 27, the gratitude of the world went to Kissinger and Tho, "who for more than three years had employed all their ability and good will to bring about a peaceful solution."

She said it was the hope of the world that the parties involved in the agreement would live up to their "moral responsibility" and that the truce would lead to "lasting peace for the peoples of Indochina."

Kissinger and Tho earned their prize the hard way—in hundreds of

Continued on Page A-2

Kissinger, Le Duc Tho
Win Nobel Peace Prize

1973

OSLO, Norway (AP) — U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese Politburo member Le Duc Tho were awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize today for their efforts to officially end the Vietnam war.

Kissinger and Tho defeated 45 other accepted candidates, including President Nixon, President Tito of Yugoslavia and 10 international organizations.

The prize was about $120,000 and will be shared equally between the two winners.

The Nobel committee chairman, Mrs. Aase Líonaes, a judge and member of Parliament, announced the decision after the five-member committee reviewed the candidates for 2½ hours.

When announcement of the award came, Kissinger was reported in a meeting at the White House and was unavailable for immediate comment.

Kissinger, 50, is the 16th American to win or share the peace prize since it first was

awarded in 1901.

The last American winner was Norman E. Borlaug, who developed a new type of high-yield grain for use in underdeveloped countries. He won the prize in 1970.

Le Duc Tho is the first Asian to win the prize.

The prize has been shared by two individuals 11 times previously.

No Nobel Peace Prize was awarded last year, as has happened on 18 occasions since 1914.

Chancellor Willy Brandt of West Germany won the last prize in 1971 for his reconciliation policy toward Communist Eastern Europe.

“I’m very pleased,” said a

beaming Kissinger after the announcement.

Kissinger said that he would have a formal statement later at the State Department later concerning the award.

But he gave his personal reaction as he stepped into his black limousine to drive from the White House to his State Department office, a daily commuting routine that he has been following since he became secretary of state.

There was no immediate reaction from Nixon to an award of the peace prize to a man who was carrying out his administration's foreign policy in trying to bring the war to a halt.

HENRY KISSINGER

AP Photos

LE DUC THO

Demolition equipment was to
move into the area today to
knock down the shaky chimneys
and tottering walls — all that
were left of gutted buildings in
the industrial-residential area.
The refugees spent the night
in schools, churches, armories
and other buildings. Service
agencies like the Red Cross and
Salvation Army were in the
area setting up temporary meal
production and other help.

Civil Defense officials said a
major need was for canned and
nonperishable foods, which
were being stockpiled by the
Salvation Army for homeless
residents.

Agencies appealed for
listings of housing available.
The state Division of Employ-
ment Security set up a job bank
of opportunities in the area.

The Red Cross and state
Public Welfare Department
began work on financial aid to
families displaced.

Gov. Francis W. Sargent af-
ter a tour of the area, asked
President Nixon to declare the
city a disaster area, and pledg-
ed "all appropriate state
resources."

Skylab May Go
One Day Earlier

WASHINGTON (UPI) —
The space agency may ad-
vance the launch date for the
last Skylab space station crew
one day to Nov. 10.

A NASA spokesman said
Monday that refined tracking
data for the orbiting laboratory
show it would be easier for
astronauts Gerald P. Carter,
Edward G. Gibson and William
R. Pogue to carry out a normal
rendezvous with Skylab Nov. 10
than on Nov. 11 as originally
planned.

Now You Know

By United Press International
The Liberty Bell weighs 2,081
pounds.

$4.65
½ Qt.

$10.60
½ Gal.

CANADIAN WHISKY - A BLEND • 80 PROOF • IMPORTED BY NATIONAL DISTILLERS PRODUCTS CO., NEW YORK

PRESS
DEPARTMENT OF STATE

October 16, 1973

No. 384

REMARKS OF
THE HONORABLE HENRY A. KISSINGER
SECRETARY OF STATE
ON BEING NOTIFIED OF THE
AWARD OF THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE

OCTOBER 16, 1973

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I don't have a formal statement. I thought I would make a few informal observations.

Nothing that has happened to me in public life has moved me more than this Award, which represents a recognition of the central purpose of the President's foreign policy which is the achievement of a lasting peace.

I am grateful to the President for having given me this opportunity and also for creating the conditions which made it possible to bring the negotiations on Viet-Nam to a successful conclusion.

When I shall receive the Award, together with my old colleague in the search for peace in Viet-Nam, Le Duc Tho, I hope that that occasion will at last mark the end, or symbolize the end, of the anguish and the suffering that Viet-Nam has meant for so many millions of people around the world — and that both at home and abroad it will mark the beginning of a period of reconciliation.

The news of this Award reached me while I was chairing a meeting at the White House in which we were discussing means to speed peace in the Middle East. Nothing could underline so much that the search for peace is never ended. And nothing could have given us a greater impetus to work with even more energy and more dedication to end the hostilities that are now going on in the Middle East, and to move from there rapidly to bringing about a just and decent and lasting peace in the Middle East.

But beyond all these immediate crises, perhaps the most important goal any Administration can set itself is to work for a world in which the Award will become irrelevant, because peace will have become so normal and so much taken for granted that no awards for it will have to be given.

Thank you very much.

For further information contact the U.S. Department of State.

*****

THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1973

c

9

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Kissinger,
Tho Get Nobel
Peace Prize

By Murrey Marder

Washington Post Staff Writer

Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger and North Vietnam's Le Duc Tho were awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize yesterday for their negotiations to resolve "a gruesome war."

The awards, rarely given to two persons, carried a declared political significance. Although the United States disengaged from all combat in Indochina on Aug. 15, considerable fighting continues between Vietnamese, and the award was given for the added purpose of encouraging a halt to those hostilities.

Kissinger and Le Duc Tho will divide a cash prize of $120,000, and each will receive a gold medal from Norway's King Olav V in Oslo on Dec. 10. It is customary for the winners to deliver lectures at that time. These could have a diplomatic impact on the future of peace in Indochina.

In the past two weeks North Vietnam has made increasingly harsh charges about alleged American and

South Vietnamese breaches of the original Vietnam cease-fire, signed in Paris on Jan. 27, 1973. There have been Communist walkouts from recent talks between the two South Vietnamese parties dealing with implementation of the cease-fire and a political settlement.

On the U.S.-South Vietnamese side, there is suspicion that Communist forces in South Vietnam may attempt a new offensive in the months ahead.

Mrs. Aase Líonaes, chairman of the Nobel Committee, said in Oslo yesterday:

See NOBEL, A4, Col. 5

HENRY KISSINGER

... "brought their talents and goodwill to bear"

LE DUC THO

UPI 8/52

ADD NOBEL, OSLO

IN AT BRIEFER FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT THE COMMITTEE SAID:

"THE WAR IN VIETNAM WAS THE MOST GRUESOME AND LONGEST MILITARY CONFLICT SINCE THE SECOND WORLD WAR WAS BROUGHT TO AN END WITH A CEASE-FIRE. THE NORWEGIAN NOBEL PRIZE COMMITTEE HAS GIVEN THE PEACE PRIZE OF 1973 TO THE TWO NEGOTIATORS WHO WITH A JOINT ACHIEVEMENT BROUGHT ABOUT THE CEASE-FIRE JAN. 23 THIS YEAR, DR. HENRY KISSINGER, USA, AND LE DUC THO OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM. AT THE TIME OF THE NOBEL ANNOUNCEMENT, KISSINGER WAS IN WASHINGTON AT THE WHITE HOUSE, MEETING WITH OTHER SECURITY ADVISEPS, PRESUMABLY ON THE MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT.

BEFORE THE AWARD WAS ANNOUNCED, NOBEL INSTITUTE DIRECTOR AUGUST SCHOU NAMED TWO NOMINEE WHO WOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED--SOVIET PHYSICIST ANDREI SAKHAROV, A LEADING RUSSIAN DISSIDENT, AND THE LATE PRESIDENT SALVADOR ALLENDE OF CHILE, OVERTHROWN RECENTLY IN A MILITARY COUP.

UPI 10-15 11:51 AED

PROJECT SANGUINE...................CONTINUED

Is Sanguine necessary? The navy says that it is the most survivable and most effective way to communicate, even during a nuclear attack, over long distances to submerged submarines. Two currently deployed communications systems that provide shore-to-ship communication with submarines are the fixed (i.e., land-based) and airborne very low frequency (VLF) systems. The former has been described by navy spokesmen as constituting a "highly reliable fixed VLF network which is our primary communications today" and, further, as "a highly reliable network in a peace-time situation." Even more reliable is the advanced airborne VLF force now being deployed. Designated TACAMO IV, this system consists of C-130 type aircraft fitted with VLF transmitters. The VLF radio waves used both by the US and the USSR can penetrate seawater down to a depth of 50 feet. The submarine can therefore remain submerged and trail its antenna, at several hundred feet above its deck, so that it can receive the VLF messages. Not only does this make it "very difficult for us to detect it [the submerged submarine]," as was admitted by navy spokesmen before the Senate committee, but the TACAMO air system is rendered practically invulnerable by keeping part of it airborne at all times and by using randomly chosen airfields to keep an adversary unsure of its position.

The need for Sanguine is put in further doubt by the proposed deployment of longer range submarine missiles. The primary rationale given for these expensive vessels is that their long-range missiles would make it possible (unlike the present Polaris) to keep them very close to the continental United States. If so they would be well within VLF range, with no need for Sanguine.

Faced with the admitted redundancy of two communications networks, either of which is apparently adequate for the communications needs of missile submarines during peacetime—and one of which appears adequate for wartime needs—the navy has found it difficult to base its case for Sanguine on any proven deficiency in the existing systems. Instead, it resorts to the unknown. Thus the following rather painful colloquy between Admiral Healey and the Senate committee counsel:

Mr. Fine. In your opinion, are all emergency shore-to-ship communications systems other than Sanguine inadequate to meet communications requirements in the event of emergency?

Admiral Healey. They could be inadequate.

Mr. Fine. Can you elaborate on that? Under what circumstances?

Admiral Healey. Let's say they could be inadequate (deleted).

Only with obvious reluctance does the navy mention the possible efficacy of the satellite communications efforts of the air force.

Are there meaningful alternatives to Sanguine for use in the event of an emergency? Sixteen different alternatives were considered separately by the navy and were rejected. The most effective combination, it appears to us, would be a mix of land-based VLF transmitters and a larger force of the TACAMO aircraft kept airborne. This differs only in quantity from the VLF systems already in existence. Qualitative improvements could be obtained through procurement of aircraft with improved transmitters and longer endurance

than the C-130s. For the long term, satellite transmitters appear very promising as a means of communicating with submerged submarines.

In the event of a nuclear war, it would be an adversary's highest priority to prevent a Polaris/Poseidon missile strike by the US. Sanguine, as the means for ordering such a strike, would become a prime enemy target. The USSR, for example, would use its sea-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), since they have the shortest time to target. The US would, conversely, attempt to locate the Sanguine antenna system so as to lengthen the attacking SLBM's flight time. A check of any map of the US will show that the choice of east central Texas in this context is quite illogical. Alternate sites proposed for Sanguine, in Michigan, Colorado or Wisconsin, are farther from the sea and hence would extend the attacking missile's flight time. The vulnerability of the Texas site will not improve with time. US officials have already predicted that the USSR will eventually deploy a depressed trajectory SLBM. This flattening of the missile's path over that utilized in today's models can only further reduce the warning time for an SLBM attack that could be launched on Sanguine from the Gulf of Mexico.

The navy claims that, due to a combination of dispersion, burial and hardening, Sanguine will survive a nuclear attack. Most Soviet SLBMs carry one-megaton nuclear warheads which, if programmed to penetrate underground to a depth of 50 feet before exploding, would create a crater 300 feet deep and 1400 feet across. The underground burst would, further, initiate a shock wave in the earth. Damage to buried structures would be caused by a combination of direct ground shock and shock induced in the ground by air blast. These effects can extend to distances many times the radius of the crater. The capability of the USSR to blast Sanguine will indeed improve significantly once they deploy MIRVs (multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles) for their SLBMs. Even if the Soviets only equal Poseidon's capacity of 10 individual warheads per missile, they will increase the number of transmitters that can be targeted by this factor of 10. While it is true that these MIRV warheads are smaller (50 kt.) they will still be adequate to reach and destroy the transmitters.

If pushed hard on this delicate question of Sanguine's survivability, navy spokesmen can always come up with the prediction made at the Senate committee hearings: "... it is unlikely the enemy would choose to attack it."

Another argument used by the navy to justify Sanguine is that it will make our retaliatory posture more credible by guaranteeing that even if attacked, the US could always launch its Polaris, Poseidon and ULMS missiles. This credibility is certainly desirable, but the USSR could argue quite reasonably and logically that Sanguine can best be used to direct US missile submarines into position for a first strike on the Soviet Union. Such a coordinated attack is difficult if not impossible for our present short-range radio systems. Sanguine could subsequently be used to coordinate US attack submarines in an attempt to destroy Soviet missile submarines.

Sanguine, in sum, is not essential unless the US is planning a first strike. It appears more likely intended as a tactical system for alerting attack submarines in a conventional war. But since existing communications systems appear quite adequate for this purpose, Sanguine's tactical value is marginal at best.

Richard D. English & Dan I. Bolef

9-F

# American Foreign Policy
—Where Fumblers Are Rewarded

10.17.73

Nel
Manch tin
Bulldog

It is probable that one of the reasons for the
nationwide popularity of contact sports such as
football and baseball — aside from the vicarious
experiences they provide for millions of former
and would-be athletes — is the fact that they
supply instant gratification of the average citi-
zen's desire to see justice triumph and misdeeds
accorded swift punishment. The popularity of
Western movies, even in their 47th television
reruns, probably is attributable to the same
human tendency. A fumble in football, a "booted"
ground ball in a close World Series baseball game
— the consequences of these acts are immediate-
ly apparent, the perpetrators are quickly identi-
fied and officially penalized, and the scoreboard
immediately reflects the just results.

It is perilous to draw exact parallels between
the world of sports and the serious issues of the
day, but the average citizen can be forgiven
if he wonders why the fumblers and bunglers
in the political arena who are shielded from the
electoral process, particularly the appointed offi-
cials in the area of foreign policy, are allowed to
continue in office and, indeed, to receive ever
higher incomes seemingly in direct proportion to
the number of diplomatic debacles in which they
have been involved.

Consider, for example, the case of W. Averell Harriman, who was repeatedly selected for high diplomatic posts in which he dealt with the Russians — and usually lost Uncle Sam's shirt. Should anyone have been surprised? As far back as the 1920s, the Russians were hornswogglung Harriman, who represented an American syndicate that was interested in investing in the production of manganese. Failing to learn from the sad experiences of a German combine, Harriman allowed himself to be led down the primrose path until within a year the Communists expropriated his $4,000,000 investment. When he was "on the ropes," the Russians offered compensation in the form of long-term bonds, but in exchange they maneuvered Harriman into wheedling a commercial loan for them. Succeeding in that, they then boasted throughout Europe that if they could borrow money from Harriman, their credit must be good!

Today's "Harriman" is Dr. Henry Kissinger, who has been rewarded for his role in helping President Nixon rezone on his campaign pledges vis-a-vis Red China and for engineering the disastrous wheat deal with the Soviet Union by being elevated to the position of Secretary of State.

This fumble in the field of foreign policy has
resulted in empty American granaries, a chain
reaction of high food prices, price controls which

drove chickens, beef and pork off the market, and
the sandbagging of American taxpayers to the
tune of at least $400,000,000 in subsidies to the big
grain middlemen and the Soviet Union.

In a recent column in this newspaper, Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina pointed out that Helmut Sonnenfeldt, Kissinger's longtime associate and chief adviser on the grain deal, was considered a security risk by the Kennedy administration because he had given highly classified documents, to a foreign power.

Senator Helms also placed in perspective the
other trade agreements Dr. Kissinger is now
pushing so hard and raised some questions about
the agreements that already have taken place:

"On the Berlin agreement, the Soviets constantly defy the meaning of the terms, and press for illegal advantages.

"The Shanghai communique completely upset our relationships with our Asian allies, and caused them domestic upheaval.

"The interim agreement on strategic arms
limitation froze us into quantitative inferiority,
while the Soviets now turn out to be much further
advanced qualitatively than was admitted at the
time.

"The Vietnam agreement has been constantly
violated from the moment it has been signed,
with the Communists seeking to take over as
much territory in South Vietnam as possible.

"Dr. Kissinger presses the trade bill, even though we are assured by every responsible voice that such measures cause the Soviets to crack down even harder upon dissidents and those who desire to emigrate."

Dr. Kissinger considers himself a realist who would defend vital national interests while considering the plight of Soviet Jews an "internal matter" for the Soviet Union and ignoring the persecution of Sakharov, Solzhenitsyn and other Russian intellectuals. But the truth of the matter, we believe, is that our amoral secretary of state is not even realistic. As the distinguished author and columnist Nathaniel Weyl pointed out in a recent (October 9th) column in the Union Leader: The policy of indifference which Kissinger recommends might serve to persuade the Russian dissenters "that they stand alone, that their courageous resistance to tyranny is useless, and that the United States no longer believes in the principles of its founders. Yet, if people like Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov are effective catalysts of the sort of peaceful transformation of the Soviet system which the U.S. wants, it is shortsighted in the extreme to abandon them."

November 2, 1973

THE INDIANAPOLIS STAR

# Kissinger, Le Duc Tho Are Named Joint Nobel Peace Prize Winners

Oslo, Norway (AP) — Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger and Le Duc Tho of North Vietnam were awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize yesterday for fashioning the cease-fire which officially ended the Vietnam War.

Mrs. Aase Lionaes, chairwoman of the Nobel committee, announced the award would be shared equally by the architects of the truce, who conducted 42 months of on-and-off tough negotiations in Paris before reaching agreement in January.

IN A BRIEF statement, Mrs. Lionaes said the prize winners "had acted in accord with Alfred Nobel's idea . . . that conflicts should be solved through negotiations and not by war."

Asked if the choice had been difficult, Mrs. Lionaes said, "No."

Kissinger, 50, and Tho, 62, a member of the North Vietnamese Politburo and the first ranking member of a Communist government to win the prize, will each receive 255,000 Swedish crowns, or about $60,000, the Nobel medical and the peace prize diploma.

THE presentations will be made in a formal ceremony at the University of Oslo Dec. 10. Mrs. Lionaes said she hoped both winners would attend. She said both had been notified immediately before the public announcement at the Nobel Institute.

Kissinger, who was Mr. Nixon's chief national-security adviser when he negotiated the cease-fire, is the 16th American to win the peace prize. Tho is the first Asian

to be so honored.

(AP Wirephoto)

LE DUC THO, HENRY KISSINGER SHAKE HANDS
Photo Taken Last January During Peace Negotiations

FOUR OTHER U.S. secretaries of state have won the Nobel Peace Prize—Elihu Root in 1912, Frank Kellogg in 1929, Cordell Hull in 1945 and George C. Marshall in 1953.

A total of 47 candidates had been nominated for the 1973 prize, including Mr. Nixon and Yugoslav President Tito.

THE INDIANAPOLIS STAR

The Indianapolis Star
#ck Egyptian Missile Sites

(UPI Telephoto Map)

NOW AT WAR WITH ISRAEL
Join Egypt And Syria In Battle

Israel reported a major counterattack by Syrian tank units defending the road to Damascus. Israel said 50 Syrian tanks were destroyed, but indications were that the main Israeli armored forces still were bogged down 22 miles from Damascas.

Sadat offered Israel a cease-fire yesterday if Israel withdrew its forces from the Sinai Desert, but did not couple it with the missile threat as an ultimatum.

MRS. MEIR, in a speech shortly afterward to the Israeli Knesset (parliament), also spoke of a cease-fire and said Israel could not accept one unless it provided for the complete exchange of war prisoners.

She said Israel's enemies had not been "hit hard enough" yet to accept a truce and then disclosed that Israeli units had crossed the Suez Canal. "But," she added, "I cannot give you the exact details of the attacks."

The Meir and Sadat statements were the first discussions of a cease-fire since the war began 11 days ago Oct. 6. But political observers said the conditions laid down so far by both sides appeared unacceptable to the other. For Israel to give up the Sinai, they said, would amount to surrender.

the Soviet Union for the outbreak of the fourth Middle East war in 25 years and said the aim of the Arab attackers was the "occupation and destruction of the state . . . their true intentions (being) the final extermination."

Here was the military situation as reported by the two sides:

Israel said its troops crossed the Suez Canal and in a land, air and sea strike were hitting at the rear guard of the 100,000-man Egyptian army — seven full divisions — which are on the east bank of the Suez Canal. The military command said the behind-the-lines operation had already hit several Egyptian installations, including artillery units and the SAM missile batteries hurting Israeli air operations.

ISRAEL said its warplanes and missile boats attacked radar stations on Egypt's northern Mediterranean coast as far west as Alexandria and said its pilots hit an interior airfield. A spokesman said the attackers scored "good hits" on the radar stations. Egypt said its navy and air force sank four Israeli warships in a sea battle.

Israel reported that Egyptian armor tried to break out of the Suez bridgehead in the central sector toward Mitla Pass leading to the interior of the Sinai but that the attack had been contained.

Egypt said its tank forces surprised an Israeli tank force Monday night and destroyed 21 tanks. Egypt also said Israel mounted a major counterattack yesterday afternoon and was suffering heavy losses in severe fighting.

ISRAEL reported a major counterattack by the Syrians and Iraqis on the northern front where a spokesman said Syria began the war by using more tanks against Israel than Adolf Hitler used in his world War II invasion of Russia. Israel said it destroyed 100 Syrian tanks in the first few hours of the battle. A Syrian communique merely reported that "since daybreak today fierce tank and artillery battles are under way between our forces and those of the enemy in the central and

Kissinger, Tho
Awarded Nobel
For Viet Peace

By OYVIND NORSTROM

OSLO, Norway (AP)—State Sec. Henry A. Kissinger and Le Duc Tho of North Vietnam were awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize yesterday for fashioning the cease-fire which officially ended the Vietnam war.

Mrs. Aase Lionaes, chairwoman of the Nobel Committee, announced the award would be shared equally by the architects of the truce, who conducted 42 months of on-and-off, tough negotiations in Paris before reaching agreement in January.

In a brief statement, Mrs. Lionaes said the prize winners "had acted in accord with Alfred Nobel's idea . . . that conflicts should be solved through negotiations and not by war."

Kissinger, 50, and Tho, 62, a member of the North Vietnamese Politburo and the first ranking member of a Communist government to win the prize, will each receive 255,000 Swedish crowns, or about $60,000, the Nobel medal and the peace prize diploma.

(Continued on Page Eight)

PRESIDENT NIXON congratulates Sec. of State Kissinger for winning the Nobel Peace Prize.

AP Photo

rate of speed.

He explained "that much weight any speed — the column would run no match for it — and it could run the same for a lesser vehi-

as asked why the access ramp around an unspecified com- building and it there were considerations in the shape of

CHOSE DAYS our standards of did not include the high price for and the higher price for en- tital concerns," Rogers said.

Thank you people are astute enough into the records, see who the of that building was and draw conclusions.

Years after the bridge was Rogers said, "the owner of the died and it was torn down four ter."

hing his testimony to the he commented that hundreds ofanger of collapse. In response to by Rep. Roger S. Babb (R-

Rogers said the DPW was a nightmare with railroad and perhaps worse than that."

DPW recently inherited from Central Railroad 303 bridges that rough shape and have not been ed for 30 or 40 years."

Of the bridges are 75 to 80 years of wood, are narrow in width only link between communities. he has a real headache in just determine if they can stand by

DPW REPORTS that 80 percent will have to be replaced and earned "there are hundreds that make 10-tons."

ke playing Russian roulette— don't even bother to read the . Some of these people are past that even if they saw a 12- sign, they could not stop in

ROYAL BRIDEGROOM IN BAY STATE—Capt. Mark Phillips, fiance of Britain's Princess Anne, rides Maid Marion, an 8-year-old bay mare, during practice for

next weekend's Ledyard Farm Horse Trials in Hamil- ton. He is a member of Britain's Olympic Gold Medal Team.

AP Photo

Witness Who Worked for Troy
Threatened with Contempt Charge

By JIM DRONEY

The treat of a contempt citation against a witness spiced the Executive Council's hearings resumed yesterday on a petition of address to remove Dorchester Judge Jerome P. Troy.

But after a five-minute recess, witness Thomas Dennison of Easton, who had defiantly told the Council he would not produce records of his work on the Tenean Beach marina project, agreed tohave the records copied in the presence of the Council's special counsel, John E. Fenton Jr.

DENNISON TOLD the committee he wouldn't give up the records because they are part of evidence he is using in a law suit to collect money he claims Troy still owes him — upwards of $5000 — for work as equipment maintenance man and bulldozer operator at the project from September, 19 8, to January, 1969.

Dencson stated he worked "five or six" days a week at the project and was provided living quarters on the second floor of a red brick building at the site.

He even worked one Sunday, he said.

He lived at the project so he would be available for work earlier in the morning and could work later at night, he said.

Asked by Councilor Nicholas Mitchell, Fall River, if he had records of his work

said he had. The charge was larceny of andirons from the Tenean site, according to the testimony.

Earlier, Dennison was asked if he had ever been arrested for stealing and he said he had. The charge was larceny of andirons from the Tenean site, according to the testimony.

"I went before Sadie Shulman. (He referred several times to Judge Sadie Lipman Shulman, who served on the Dorchester court bench for over 40 years before her retirement in 1972, without prefixing the title "Judge" to her name.)

"She gave me six months in the House of Correction," he said.

Judge Shulman didn't even ask him if he wanted to appeal, but went right on to the next case, he said.

ASKED IF had had counsel re- presenting him at the district court hearing, he replied.

"I appeared for myself. I knew I'd never get a NOT GUILTY verdict in that court." On appeal Superior Court he said, the case was dismissed.

"I didn't have counsel there either," he said. "I didn't need it because there was no case."

He was pressed by Mitchell and again vy Councilor Thomas Lane, Lawrence, to explain why he remained on the Tenean

said Troy was always out of the country and he couldn't contact him. Later however, he said Troy was on the Te- nean site practically everyday.

At one point he accused Dorchester District Court officers of refusing to let him use his own resources to bail himself out, after Judge Shulman held him in $3000 bail on the appeal. Instead, he charged, he had to use a bail bondsman recommended by the court officers. He also charged that Troy's brother-in-law was connected with the bail bonding operation and that Charles Kritch had complained to him several times at Tenean that Kritch wasn't get- ting his kickback on bail money.

He gave Troy's brother-in-law's name as Rice and then later as Proctor, but finally said he didn't know which was Troy's relative, but that the men were around the Tenean project.

Asked how he supported himself and his family during the four months he worked at Tenean, he said he borrowed money.

Earlier in the day, Albert Tobin, a housing inspector for the city of Boston who prosecuted housing code violations in Dorchester District Court for some 33 years beginning in 1938, testified before the Court.

DETROIT FREE PRESS 10/17/73
# Kissinger and Hanoi's Tho Share Nobel Peace Prize

OSLO — (UPI) — U.S. Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger and North Vietnamese special counselor Le Duc Tho won the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize Tuesday for their successful negotiations ending the "gruesome" Vietnam war, the Norwegian Nobel committee announced.

Kissinger, as President Nixon's national security adviser, and Le Duc Tho, whose title is special counselor to the North Vietnamese government, worked out the Paris peace treaty, which ended more than a decade of American involvement in Vietnam.

President Nixon was among those nominated, the committee said. Also named was Daniel Ellsberg, who released the secret Pentagon Papers on the Indochina war.

MR. NIXON congratulated Kissinger and expressed "most fervent hope" that negotiations will lead to lasting peace in Southeast Asia, the Middle East and throughout the world.

In a statement, Mr. Nixon said:

"I am sure that all Americans will join me in extending congratulations to Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger upon his richly deserved selection as co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize of 1973.

"By jointly citing Dr. Kissinger and Le Duc Tho, the Nobel committee has also given deserved recognition to the art of negotiation itself in the process of ending a war and laying the groundwork for peace, an art that will be more essential than ever as we seek to build and maintain a structure of peace in the world.

The winners were a surprise to most observers, since neither man had been previously mentioned as a nominee. The committee deliberated for a year before awarding the prestigious prize.

The committee said the two men were nominated by Prof. Jon Sanness of Oslo Uni-

Le Duc Tho and Henry Kissinger in Paris on Jan. 23, 1973, the day the Vietnam cease-fire agreement was initialed.

versity, who is director of the Norwegian Foreign Policy Institute.

The two diplomats will share a $122,000 cash prize. In addition, each won a gold medal and a diploma. They are scheduled to receive the prizes from King Olav V in Oslo on Dec. 10 and to deliver lectures the next day.

AP Photo

# Maoism as Seen From Its Cradle

By C. L. Sulzberger

YENAN, China.—Maoism holds a position in contemporary China which is the equivalent of both political doctrine and ideology, almost a religion. The new party constitution specifically defines “Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung thought as the theoretical basis guiding its thinking.” A plenum agreed: “Mao Tse-tung’s thought should be taken as the guide for action.”

Chairman Mao has written several works, some not yet published. His mottoes, strategy, policy guidelines, dogma are familiar to most Chinese. “Go all out and aim high,” he is quoted on a huge placard at airports. “Dig deep,” he advises the vast network of tunneled air raid shelters. “Store grain,” he tells peasant communes.

His enormous photograph is widely displayed on a larger scale than the familiar Communist quartet: Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, generally all alone. In the first Central Committee headquarters built outside this town in 1942, where Mao ran meetings, played ping pong and chess with delegates and elaborated theory, his picture dwarfs other Marxist heroes.

## Personality Cult

Chairman Mao himself has acknowledged there is political use in such a personality cult and told the late writer Edgar Snow that Khrushchev probably fell because he had none. As Alain Peyrefitte, the French parliamentarian, perceptively points out, Maoism is not just a theory but essentially a method. It has to be lived. It also has to be related to the ancient Chinese thought patterns, above all yin and yang, the positive and negative that makes up any whole.

To demonstrate what this means in Maoist strategy, he once said when retreating from this town: “One wins Yenan by losing Yenan.” His wife, the politically important Chiang Ching, says: “Good” is the “thought” of Chairman Mao and those inspired by it; “evil” is everything else.

Intellectually, Mao Tse-tung's thoughts have not been codified sufficiently to weigh their philosophical import. His strategic teachings, derived from Clausewitz via Lenin and then modified, have had major importance. His political doctrine of a continuing revolution may prove as significant, over the decades, as his military doctrine of revolutionary warfare.

But one realizes here that despite the Chinese personality's pragmatic aspect, there is another aspect of Maoism which the West would call religious. He himself is not devout and, as a youth, sided with his unbelieving father

against his Buddhist mother whom he otherwise preferred.

All the old faiths are rarely practiced, even Confucianism, which was not quite a creed but more a practical philosophy. Nevertheless, Marxism, Chinese-style, has become a faith and Mao Tse-tung is its prophet.

This is evident in the extraordinary respect paid to the chairman when one is shown, like Stations of the Cross, quarters in and around this cave-rimmed town where he dwelled during the revolution's heroic days. In terms of "protracted warfare," Yenan is the Valley Forge of Maoist China.

The chairman has shown himself an earthy, commonsensical man and yet he is audacious in the revolutionary sense of Danton. He argues: "Don't be afraid to

make trouble... confusion and trouble are always noteworthy." He once exuberantly proclaimed: "It will be intolerable if after several decades we are not the greatest nation on earth."

In this chilly gray-green mountain town with its generations-old cave dwellings where a 1,300-year-old Tang dynasty pagoda leans from a hill, one is reminded of the eternal China from which Maoism stemmed.

In the 1st century BC, the Emperor Wu Ti advocated state ownership to protect the destitute. In AD 8 the Emperor Wang Mang ordered great land reforms. In the 11th century, Chancellor Wang An-shih instructed the state to "take management of commerce, industry and agriculture into its own hands, with a view of succoring the working classes."

But apart from this eminently practical heritage to which Maoism is historically related, there is its religious aspect. Jean-François Billetter stresses this in a study of China's beliefs. This points out that Confucianism (now under attack) "was above all a moral system and a political ideology, that of the scholar-official class." This is perhaps why Confucius is now being criticized as "reactionary." As Billetter writes, Confucianism was "an ideology of the ruling class."

In China, traditional theology was less preoccupied than elsewhere with metaphysics. The logic practiced is unusual to a Westerner. There is less interest in quests for abstract truth than in practical application of wisdom. I would venture to say this is the kernel of Maoist thought.

Jiet
Kerued-
Tibine
10/17/73