6 October, 1978

Mr. Henry Kissinger
Chairman of the Board
North American Soccer League
113 Avenue of the Americas
New York New York 10036

Dear Mr. Kissinger:

I'll begin by congratulating you on having been elected the League's
chairman. I share with you the view that soccer is a great and ex-
citing sport and that it deserves a higher profile in these United
States.

On the other hand, I must confess that I'd rather play it myself than
watch others do it.

My main reason for writing you is to bring to your attention a promo-
tional package that I have developed that would bring greater public
attention to soccer.

My basic concept is to stage a series of soccer skill tests for American youngsters (male & female) during the intermission of League games or any other appropriate opportunity.

Here is one of the tests that I have envisioned for this program. A
youngster leaves point A, with a ball at his feet. He must meander
through slalom-like gates and then return to his point of departure.
His time is his score. The less the time, the more adroit is the young-
ster in conducting the ball.

The same youngster may then move to the next station. This test may
require the youngster to travel while bouncing the soccer ball on his
foot, knee or head, or any combination of the three, without dropping
it. The distance traveled along the lateral would be his score.

The league could offer the sponsorship of such an event to one or more advertisers. The advertisers would contribute prizes to be distributed to the winners of each age category, 9 through 13 in age.

Local contestants would choose local winners, who then would go on to state or regional contests and eventually to national and even international finals.

Such a program would involve youngsters and the parents who would come to

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
First of Denver Plaza 633 17th Street Denver, Colorado 80202 (303) 534-8861

Page 2

see their children compete.

If you feel the idea has merit and deserves further elaboration, we
would be pleased to meet with you to do so.

For your information, International Marketing Communications, Inc.
is a Denver-based, full service advertising and public relations
company, with branch offices in San Francisco and Cincinnati. I am
responsible for the agency's public relations clients and activities.

LQ

(c)"

Officials

1. The NASL has several rules and customs not shared with the rest of the world of soccer. So long as this situation continues, it is unfair to the official and the teams and the public to have a lone foreign official on the field who cannot speak English. If foreign referees are again brought to the NASL next year, an NASL linesman with skill in the referee's native tongue should travel with that referee, and they should work every game together. The referee must continue to be the final authority, but even God needs to understand the local rules and be able to communicate with His subjects.

2. The past practice of using a traveling referee and local linesman has resulted in some cases of feeling by visiting teams that they have been unfairly treated, especially regarding off side calls. Whether this is true or false, it is a natural response, and could be sidestepped entirely by the use of traveling linesmen as well as referees. We feel that the NASL is mature enough now that the extra traveling expenses can be raised, with a consequent rise in the NASL's image of professionalism.

3. Consistency of interpretation of rules has been observed as much in the breach as in the practice, it seems to us. In some instances this has been associated with the use of foreign referees, but this cannot be the whole explanation. We feel that the NASL style of play has become unnecessarily rough and unsafe because of this lack of consistency. With imported players from so many different countries, it is perhaps inescapable that what one player considers normal marking and tackling may be felt by another to be unjustifiable violence. It is our opinion that the referees must establish lower limits on their patience with rugby or U.S. football types of violence. Particularly helpful would be more yellow cards in pre-and early season games. We might thus be able to prevent severe injuries to some fine players; some of whom are visitors to our country.

4. In spite of the above comments, we recognize the officials have an extremely difficult task to perform while still contributing to the players and spectators enjoyment of the game. Our suggestions are offered to help promote, not denigrate, NASL soccer.

Television

1. The number of televised games has grown markedly in the last few years, and league and team revenues have grown correspondingly. Unfortunately, the viewer's enjoyment is progressing at a much slower pace, largely due to the inability of the advertising community to adapt their commercials to soccer's special needs. This year's Soccer Bowl was only 75-80% televised due to one minute commercials being inserted every 4 or 5 minutes, with a resulting irritation to these viewers. We have some suggestions which might enlarge the horizons of the advertisers outlook:

a. Develop more "overlay" commercials which show the advertiser's message while keeping the pitch and the action in the background, but visible. Alternatively, reserve a corner of the screen for the action while using three-fourths of the screen for the commercial.

b. Pick up the action after a commercial at the point when it was broken for the start. This would result in the televised action getting a little further and further behind the action on the field, but this could be made up at halftime for the time lost in the first half. The second half kickoff could then be televised live, and the same process repeated. At most, this would delay the televised games' end by 10 minutes after the real end.

c. Allow advertisers to use the top 10% (or side or bottom) for their logos continuously through the game (or as much as they pay for). Soccer fields all over the world have advertising banners in front of the bottom row of seats in the stadium - why not on the boob tube in America?

d. Choose some combination of all the above. An occasional stoppage of play would probably allow the televised game to end almost at the same time as the real game.

Most importantly, the viewer would get more of the advertiser's message without feeling irritated with the product, the advertiser would get a better image with the public, more people would buy the advertised product, more money would flow into the TV network and the NASL coffers, and everyone would have a better time.

Game Decisions

1. The general subject of forcing a decision in each and every game is one which divides us. One opinion is that ties should be allowed, another that they should continue to be dis-allowed. We are unanimous, however, that the NASL rules in this regard need some changes. If ties are allowed, then there should be more difference between tying and winning than is allowed by the International Federation. For example, continue to count one point for each goal up to three in a game, continue to give six points for a win and zero for a loss, and award two points for a tie. This would make winning three times as attractive as drawing, and would continue to promote offensive play.

2. If ties are still disallowed, then the method of settling them needs revision. Sudden death overtime results in excessive attention to "not losing" rather than "winning", and should be eliminated. It should be replaced by an overtime of a fixed length with victory to the team ahead at the end of the period. If one overtime doesn't settle the issue, play another and another and.... Substitution should be allowed beyond the normal limit, perhaps even allowing re-entry after the first overtime period.

3. Other than being slightly preferable to the previous penalty kick method, the "shootout" has almost nothing to recommend it and should be dropped. Soccer is a team game, and should be decided by team play.

4. This is, we believe, the NASL's single most important decision. The nature of the game play must be retained, yet there should be a premium for offensive play rather than defensive. We do not envy your responsibility, but we believe the 1978 rules are still inadequate and must be changed.

Playoffs
---

1. We feel the present playoff format to be basically destructive of any incentive to win the regular season games. The home pitch advantage to the most successful team is their only recognition of a good season. We recognize the advantages to the league treasury and to the sport itself of the increased television exposure of the present format, but feel this can be accomplished in a more meaningful fashion.

2. We suggest consideration of the following playoff format: (See attachment for details.)

a. Round robin with the three division champions in each conference. Each team plays the other three times. Winner of round robin is conference champion.

b. Two conference champions play best two-out-of-three series. Winner is NASL champion.

c. All games are played to a decision (no ties).

3. As may be seen in the attachment, this format has at least twenty full games, and might have as many as twenty-five full games. This compares with the present format which results in twenty-one full games and may have an additional six mini games, for which, however, there are no additional box office or television revenues.

4. In our format, no conference champion is vulnerable to being eliminated after having played only a single game in the playoffs, as is presently possible.

5. We believe our round robin format is closer to the international form of the game, differing primarily in the rule for "no ties". Squabbles with the international federation (as reported in the media) might be solved or at least softened with our format.

6. Adoption of this format will reward superior performance throughout the regular season, prevent premature elimination of a good team having a bad night, promote national viewer identification of the better teams and better play, and, result in increased revenues from both the box office and television.

SUGGESTED NASL PLAYOFF FORMAT

1. Rank each division winner within a conference by its regular season record.

**Conference 1**
Best Record - Team A
in Conference
Second Best - Team B
Worst - Team C

**Conference 2**
Team D
Team E
Team F

2. Round Robin - Each team plays each other conference team three times. First and third game of each mini-series played at home pitch of higher ranking team. Each team plays six games to a decision.

| Home | Visitor |
|---|---|
| A vs B | D vs E |
| A vs C | D vs F |
| B vs C | E vs F |
| B vs A | E vs D |
| C vs B | F vs E |
| C vs A | F vs D |
| B vs C | E vs F |
| A vs C | D vs F |
| A vs B | D vs E |

3. In each conference, there are nine games with thirty-seven possible combinations of round-robin records.

a. If best team record is 6-0, they win.
   Twelve out of thirty-seven chances - 32.4%

b. If best team record is 5-1, they win.
   Fifteen out of thirty-seven chances - 40.6%.

c. If best team record is 4-2, they win six
out of thirty-seven chances - 16.2%
and tie three out of thirty-seven - 8.1%

d. If all three teams have 3-3 records, all tie one out of thirty-seven chances. 2.7%

89.2% Probability of clear decision. Same for Conference 2

8.1% Probability of two-way tie.

2.7% Probability of three-way tie.

e. Two-way tie decided by full game to a decision on pitch of team with better record.

f. Three-way tie decided by: full game between B (home) vs C, winner plays full game at A (home).

g. Winner advances to championship series.

4. NASL championship series is best two out of three games played to a decision. Team with better season record is home team two games.

LC

081 HFR 11-4,5

AS

BC-COLOMBIA ADV0405 11-2

ADV FOR WEEKEND EDITIONS NOV. 4-5

BY MARTIN MCREYNOLDS

BOGOTA, COLOMBIA (UPI) -- COLOMBIA, SITE OF THE 1986 WORLD SOCCER CUP, IS GOING THROUGH THE SAME KIND OF SOUL-SEARCHING THAT AFFLICTED ARGENTINA WHEN FACED WITH STAGING THE EVENT THIS YEAR.

POLITICIANS, EDITORIAL WRITERS AND EVEN SPORTS COMMENTATORS HAVE EXPRESSED GRAVE DOUBTS ABOUT COLOMBIA'S WORLD CUP ROLE.

THOSE DOUBTS REVOLVE AROUND THE QUESTIONS OF WHETHER COLOMBIA CAN MAKE THE NECESSARY PREPARATIONS IN TIME AND WHETHER THE COUNTRY SHOULD DEVOTE BADLY NEEDED FUNDS TO STAGING THE EVENT.

IF COLOMBIA FALTERS, BRAZIL AND THE UNITED STATES REPORTEDLY ARE EAGER TO TAKE OVER AS WORLD CUP HOSTS IN 1986, FOLLOWING THE 1982 WORLD CUP IN SPAIN.

"I CAN ASSURE YOU THAT COLOMBIA WILL ORGANIZE AND CARRY OUT THE WORLD SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP IN THE YEAR FOR WHICH IT IS SCHEDULED. THERE IS NO DOUBT ABOUT IT," SAYS ALFONSO SENIOR, PRESIDENT OF THE COLOMBIA FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION.

THE ASSOCIATION WON APPROVAL FOR COLOMBIA'S 1986 BID FROM FIFA, THE INTERNATIONAL SOCCER BODY. FOUR YEARS AGO WITH SUPPORT OF A PREVIOUS GOVERNMENT.

THE 3-MONTH-OLD ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT JULIO CESAR TURBAY IS UNDERTAKING A COMPLETE REVIEW OF THE FERIBILITY OF HOLDING THE CHAMPIONSHIP.

"WE CANNOT TAKE A HASTY DECISION BECAUSE THIS EVENT HAS A HIGH COST AND THE BENEFITS ARE RATHER DOUBTFUL," EDUCATION MINISTER RODRIGO LLOREDA SAID RECENTLY.

LLOREDA ADDED A DARK THOUGHT THAT TROUBLES MANY COLOMBIANS WHEN HE SAID IT WAS NOT EVEN CERTAIN THAT COLOMBIA WOULD HAVE A SOCCER SELECTION WORTHY TO REPRESENT THE COUNTRY WITH DIGNITY IN THE WORLD CUP. THE HOST COUNTRY AUTOMATICALLY QUALIFIES FOR THE EVENT BUT IT WOULD BE EMBARRASSING TO BE KNOCKED OUT IGNOMINIOUSLY IN THE FIRST MATCHES.

ONLY ONCE -- IN CHILE IN 1962 -- HAS A COLOMBIAN NATIONAL TEAM EVER GOTTEN PAST THE REGIONAL ELIMINATORY ROUND OF THE WORLD CUP.

UNLIKE ARGENTINA, WHICH HAS BEEN ONE OF THE WORLD'S MAJOR SOCCER POWERS FOR DECADES, COLOMBIA IS A RELATIVE WEAKLING IN THE SPORT. A COLOMBIAN CLUB, DEPORTIVO CALI, HAS QUALIFIED FOR THE SOUTH AMERICAN CUP FINAL THIS YEAR FOR THE FIRST TIME. BUT THREE OF ITS STAR PLAYERS

ARE ARGENTINES.

(LcJ)

AS IN ARGENTINA, ONE OF THE STATEMENTS OFTEN REPEATED IN RELATION
TO THE WORLD CUP IS THAT THE COUNTRY NEEDS HOSPITALS MORE THAN IT
DOES STADIUMS.

COFFEE EARNINGS KEEP THE COLOMBIAN ECONOMY HEALTHY IN GENERAL
TERMS BUT DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH IS STRIKINGLY UNEVEN. THE COUNTRY
LACKS COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH SERVICES, UNEMPLOYMENT PAYMENTS AND OTHER
BENEFITS FOR THE DESPERATELY POOR LOWER CLASS.

THE ARGENTINES OVERCAME POLITICAL TERRORISM, THE COUNTRY'S WORST
ECONOMIC CRISIS IN HISTORY AND A VIOLENT CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT TO HOLD
A SUCCESSFUL TOURNAMENT THAT WAS TOPPED OFF NICELY WHEN THE NATIONAL
SIDE WON THE CUP.

BUT THE COST OF PREPARING STADIUMS, TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES AND
COMMUNICATIONS WAS A SEVERE BURDEN ON THE LIMPING ARGENTINE ECONOMY.
HEAVY SPENDING FOR THE WORLD CUP MAY HAVE BEEN A MAJOR FACTOR IN
KEEPING THAT COUNTRY'S INFLATION RATE THE HIGHEST IN THE WORLD.

ARGENTINA'S LEFTIST GUERRILLAS, WEAKENED BY HARSH MILITARY
SECURITY MEASURES, GAVE THEIR BLESSING TO THE 1978 WORLD CUP AS AN
EVENT DEAR TO WORKING-CLASS FANS. COLOMBIA'S FIVE ACTIVE GUERRILLA
GROUPS HAVE NOT INDICATED YET WHETHER THEY WILL GO ALONG OR TRY TO
SABOTAGE THE TOURNAMENT AS A WAY TO STRIKE AT THE GOVERNMENT.

ON THE PLUS SIDE, A GOVERNMENT-APPOINTED COMMITTEE THAT VISITED
ARGENTINA SHORTLY BEFORE THIS YEAR'S WORLD CUP SAID COLOMBIA ALREADY
IS AHEAD OF ARGENTINA IN COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES. NORMAL
IMPROVEMENTS SHOULD BRING THE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK UP TO WORLD CUP
LEVEL BY 1986 WITHOUT AN EXPENSIVE CRASH PROGRAM, THE COMMITTEE SAID.

PLAYING SITES FOR THE 1986 WORLD CUP WILL PROBABLY BE SELECTED
AMONG BOGOTA, MEDELLIN, CALI, BARRANQUILLA AND BUCARAMANGA, ALTHOUGH
SEVEN OTHER CITIES HAVE ALSO EXPRESSED INTEREST.

THE NATIONAL SPORTS COMMITTEE ESTIMATES THE COST OF STADIUM
IMPROVEMENTS AT SLIGHTLY MORE THAN $6 MILLION IF CARRIED OUT NEXT
YEAR AND A MAXIMUM OF $12.5 MILLION IF DELAYED UNTIL 1982. SOME
CRITICAL COMMENTATORS HAVE QUOTED A FIGURE OF MORE THAN $25 MILLION.

BOGOTA, CALI AND MEDELLIN HAVE MAJOR STADIUMS THAT COULD BE
READIED FOR THE EVENT WITH RELATIVELY MODEST MODIFICATIONS AND THE
COMMITTEE HOPES TO HAVE ALL STADIUMS IN SHAPE IN TIME FOR A FIFA
INSPECTION VISIT IN 1982.

IN ARGENTINA, WORKMEN WERE PUTTING THE FINISHING TOUCHES ON NEW
AND REMODELED STADIUMS IN BUENOS AIRES AND FOUR SUBSITES ALMOST UP TO
THE LAST MINUTE.

ADV FOR WEEKEND EDITIONS NOV 4-5

NORTH AMERICAN SOCCER LEAGUE

1133 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, SUITE 3500
NEW YORK N.Y. 10036

Tel: (212) 575-0066

Cable: PROSOCCER NEWYORK

Telex: 12-6705

PHIL WOOSNAM
Commissioner

November 6, 1978

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Suite 520
1800 K Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20006

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

Please find enclosed a copy of a hastily produced brochure which has been dispatched to the FIFA meetings taking place in Spain late this week at which members of the World Cup Organizing Committee will be considering the possibility of increasing the number of participating nations in the 1982 World Cup Finals from 16 to 24. In discussion with Sir Walter Winterbottom who was Director of Coaching for the Football Association in England from 1946-1962 and has since been the Director of the National Sports Council supervising the expenditure of considerable sums of government funds in the area of amateur and professional sports, I am advised that in his role as Chairman of the World Cup Technical Committee, he has submitted a proposed format for consideration which would not only increase the number of finalists, but would also provide incentives for teams to produce a top quality performance in all the games throughout the tournament. As soon as I receive any word regarding the outcome of the discussions in Spain, I will keep you advised. In the meantime, no statement whatsoever is being made regarding the preparation of this brochure or what the outcome might be if a decision is reached to increase the number of participating teams to 24 nations.

Yours sincerely,

Phil Woosnam

PW:fc
Enclosure

[L.C.]

UNITED STATES SOCCER FEDERATION

Office of the President

401 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201

GENE EDWARDS

October 27, 1978

Dr. Joao Havelange, President
Federation Internationale de
Football Association
Aurorastrasse 60
CH-8032 Zurich
Switzerland

Dear Joao:

As you know, the United States Soccer Federation has made an
application to FIFA to host the World Cup in 1990, and at this
time I thought it appropriate to make you aware of the facilities
we can offer.

The United States provides a unique setting for a tournament of
this stature. In light of action taken at the last Congress
relative to increasing the number of teams in the final
tournament, we have put together this brief presentation to
support the final regardless of the number of teams participating.

The United States can provide all that is necessary to produce a
successful tournament -- stadia, hotels, transportation,
communications and vast commercial opportunities. The American
public and business communities have become accustomed to
supporting major events, and the staging of the World Cup in the
United States would lead to broader participation by these
entities in supporting soccer on a worldwide basis.

The purpose of this brochure is solely to give you an idea of the
stadia and population centers that the United States has to offer.
All of the stadia are of top calibre, capable of handling the
influx of fans and media that would be in attendance at each
World Cup match. I invite you to take a look at our facilities in
person, should your travel schedule call for a trip to North America
in the future.

Gene Edwards
President

cc: Dr. Helmut Kaser

(LC)

The Stadia of The United States of America

<table><thead><tr><th>Stadium Number</th><th>Location</th><th>Stadium Name</th><th>Type</th><th>Capacity</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Zone One</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Buffalo, N.Y.</td><td>Rich</td><td>Civic</td><td>80,020</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>E. Rutherford, N.J.</td><td>Giants</td><td>Civic</td><td>76,891</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>New Haven, Conn.</td><td>Yale Bowl</td><td>College</td><td>70,874</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Foxboro, Mass.</td><td>Schaefer</td><td>Civic</td><td>61,279</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>New York, N.Y.</td><td>Shea</td><td>Civic</td><td>60,000</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Zone Two</strong></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Philadelphia, Pa.</td><td>John F. Kennedy</td><td>Civic</td><td>102,000</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Columbus, Ohio</td><td>Ohio Stadium</td><td>College</td><td>81,000</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Cleveland, O.</td><td>Cleveland</td><td>Civic</td><td>79,891</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>University Park, Pa.</td><td>Beaver</td><td>College</td><td>76,017</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Philadelphia, Pa.</td><td>Veterans</td><td>Civic</td><td>66,052</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Philadelphia, Pa.</td><td>Franklin Field</td><td>College</td><td>60,546</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Cincinnati, O.</td><td>Riverfront</td><td>Civic</td><td>56,200</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Washington, D.C.</td><td>Robert F. Kennedy</td><td>Civic</td><td>55,000</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Pittsburgh, Pa.</td><td>Three Rivers</td><td>Civic</td><td>50,350</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Zone Three</strong></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Miami, Fla.</td><td>Orange Bowl</td><td>Civic</td><td>75,449</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Tampa, Fla.</td><td>Tampa Stadium</td><td>Civic</td><td>71,600</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Atlanta, Ga.</td><td>Atlanta-Fulton County</td><td>Civic</td><td>60,498</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Atlanta, Ga.</td><td>Grant Field</td><td>College</td><td>58,121</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Athens, Ga.</td><td>Sanford</td><td>College</td><td>58,000</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Zone Four</strong></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Austin, Tex.</td><td>Texas Memorial</td><td>College</td><td>75,524</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Dallas, Tex.</td><td>Cotton Bowl</td><td>College</td><td>75,000</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>New Orleans, La.</td><td>The Superdome</td><td>Civic</td><td>71,330</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Irving, Tex.</td><td>Texas Stadium</td><td>Civic</td><td>65,101</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Houston, Tex.</td><td>The Astrodome</td><td>Civic</td><td>50,000</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Memphis, Tenn.</td><td>Liberty Bowl</td><td>Civic</td><td>50,000</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Zone Five</strong></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Pasadena, Cal.</td><td>Rose Bowl</td><td>Civic</td><td>104,696</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Los Angeles, Cal.</td><td>Memorial Coliseum</td><td>Civic</td><td>92,000</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Stanford, Cal.</td><td>Stanford</td><td>College</td><td>86,352</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Berkeley, Cal.</td><td>Memorial</td><td>College</td><td>76,000</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Seattle, Wash.</td><td>The Kingdome</td><td>Civic</td><td>64,752</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>San Francisco, Cal.</td><td>Candlestick Park</td><td>Civic</td><td>61,246</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Seattle, Wash.</td><td>Husky Stadium</td><td>College</td><td>59,000</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Oakland, Cal.</td><td>Oakland-Alameda County</td><td>Civic</td><td>54,615</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>San Diego, Cal.</td><td>San Diego</td><td>Civic</td><td>52,568</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>Anaheim, Cal.</td><td>Anaheim</td><td>Civic</td><td>43,204</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Zone Six</strong></td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Ann Arbor, Mich.</td><td>Michigan Stadium</td><td>College</td><td>101,701</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Pontiac, Mich.</td><td>The Silverdome</td><td>Civic</td><td>80,500</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Kansas City, Mo.</td><td>Arrowhead</td><td>Civic</td><td>78,198</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Madison, Wisc.</td><td>Camp Randall</td><td>College</td><td>77,280</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>East Lansing, Mich.</td><td>Spartan</td><td>College</td><td>76,000</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>Denver, Colo.</td><td>Mile High</td><td>Civic</td><td>75,087</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>Lafayette, Ind.</td><td>Ross-Ade</td><td>College</td><td>69,200</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>South Bend, Ind.</td><td>Notre Dame</td><td>College</td><td>59,075</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>Chicago, Ill.</td><td>Soldier Field</td><td>Civic</td><td>57,359</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>Minneapolis, Minn.</td><td>Memorial</td><td>College</td><td>56,891</td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>Evanston, Ill.</td><td>Dyche</td><td>College</td><td>55,000</td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>St. Louis, Mo.</td><td>Busch Memorial</td><td>Civic</td><td>51,392</td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>Bloomington, Minn.</td><td>Metropolitan</td><td>Civic</td><td>46,479</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Busch Memorial

(Zone Six, Stadium #47)

Location: St. Louis, Missouri

Operated By: Civic Center
Redevelopment Corp.

Seating Capacity: 51,392

Lighted

Population Sphere: 2,366,542

## Tampa Stadium

(Zone Three, Stadium #16)

Location: Tampa, Florida

Operated By: City of Tampa

Seating Capacity: 71,600

Lighted

Population Sphere: 1,347,677

## The Kingdome

(Zone Five, Stadium #30)

Location: Seattle, Wash.

Operated By: City of Seattle

Seating Capacity: 64,752

Lighted

Population Sphere: 1,822,453

## Yale Bowl

(Zone One, Stadium #3)

Location: New Haven, Conn.

Operated By: Yale University

Seating Capacity: 70,874

Unlighted

Population Sphere: 760,336

## The Superdome

(Zone Four, Stadium #22)

Location: New Orleans, La.

Operated By: City of New
Orleans

Seating Capacity: 71,330

Lighted

Population Sphere: 1,094,423

## The Astrodome

(Zone Four, Stadium #24)

Location: Houston, Texas

Operated By: Astrodome
Operating Authority

Seating Capacity: 50,000

Lighted

Population Sphere: 2,286,247

### Oakland-Alameda Coliseum

(Zone Five, Stadium #33)

Location: Oakland, Cal.

Operated By: Oakland County

Seating Capacity: 54,615

Lighted

Population Sphere: 4,591,928

### San Diego Stadium

(Zone Five, Stadium #34)

Location: San Diego, Cal.

Operated By: City of San Diego

Seating Capacity: 52,568

Lighted

Population Sphere: 1,584,583

### Metropolitan Stadium

(Zone Six, Stadium #48)

Location: Bloomington, Minn.

Operated By: Municipal Authority

Seating Capacity: 46,479

Lighted

Population Sphere: 2,010,841

### Mile High Stadium

(Zone Six, Stadium #41)

Location: Denver, Colo.

Operated By: City of Denver

Seating Capacity: 75,087

Lighted

Population Sphere: 1,413,318

### Cleveland Stadium

(Zone Two, Stadium #8)

Location: Cleveland, Ohio

Operated By: Stadium Operating Authority

Seating Capacity: 79,891

Lighted

Population Sphere: 1,966,725

### William A. Shea Stadium

(Zone One, Stadium #5)

Location: New York, New York

Operated By: City of New York

Seating Capacity: 60,000

Lighted

Population Sphere: 16,331,705

### Soldier Field

(Zone Six, Stadium #44)

Location: Chicago, Ill.

Operated By: City of Chicago

Seating Capacity: 57,395

Lighted

Population Sphere: 7,658,335

### Giants Stadium

(Zone One, Stadium #2)

Location: East Rutherford, N.J.

Operated By: N.J. Sports Authority

Seating Capacity: 76,891

Lighted

Population Sphere: 16,331,705

### Liberty Bowl

(Zone Four, Stadium #25)

Location: Memphis, Tenn.

Operated By: Memphis Parks Commission

Seating Capacity: 50,000

Lighted

Population Sphere: 866,864

### RFK Stadium

(Zone Two, Stadium #13)

Location: Washington, D.C.

Operated By: Washington (D.C.) Armory Board

Seating Capacity: 55,000

Lighted

Population Sphere: 3,021,801

### Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium

(Zone Three, Stadium #17)

Location: Atlanta, Georgia

Seating Capacity: 60,498

Lighted

Population Sphere: 1,790,128

[L]

## Veterans Stadium

(Zone Two, Stadium #10)

Location: Philadelphia, Pa.

Operated By: City of
Philadelphia

Seating Capacity: 66,052

Lighted

Population Sphere: 5,643,223

## Three Rivers Stadium

(Zone Two, Stadium #14)

Location: Pittsburgh, Pa.

Operated By: City of
Pittsburgh

Seating Capacity: 50,350

Lighted

Population Sphere: 2,322,224

## Riverfront Stadium

(Zone Two, Stadium #12)

Location: Cincinnati, Ohio

Operated By: City of
Cincinnati

Seating Capacity: 56,200

Lighted

Population Sphere: 1,625,758

## Schaefer Stadium

(Zone One, Stadium #4)

Location: Foxboro, Mass.

Seating Capacity: 61,279

Lighted

Population Sphere: 3,553,203

## The Silverdome

(Zone Six, Stadium #37)

Location: Pontiac, Mich.

Seating Capacity: 80,500

Lighted

Population Sphere: 4,669,106

Anaheim Stadium

(Zone Five, Stadium #35)

Location: Anaheim, Cal.

Operated By: City of
Anaheim

Seating Capacity: 43,204

Lighted

Population Sphere: 10,350,362

Camp Randall
Stadium

(Zone Six, Stadium #39)

Location: Madison, Wisconsin

Operated By: University of
Wisconsin

Seating Capacity: 77,280

Unlighted

Population Sphere: 1,711,031

Beaver Stadium

(Zone Two, Stadium #9)

Location: University Park, Pa.

Operated By: Penn State
University

Seating Capacity: 76,017

Unlighted

Population Sphere: 2,322,224

Stanford Stadium

(Zone Five, Stadium #28)

Location: Stanford, Cal.

Operated By: Stanford
University

Seating Capacity: 86,352

Unlighted

Population Sphere: 4,591,928

Michigan Stadium

(Zone Six, Stadium #36)

Location: Ann Arbor, Mich.

Operated By: University of
Michigan

Seating Capacity: 101,701

Unlighted

Population Sphere: 4,669,106

Spartan Stadium

(Zone Six, Stadium #40)

Location: East Lansing, Mich.

Operated By: Michigan State
University

Seating Capacity: 76,000

Unlighted

Population Sphere: 4,669,106

Note: Population figures derived from U.S. Department of Commerce publication "County and City Data Book, 1977 (A Statistical Abstract Supplement)".

NORTH AMERICAN SOCCER LEAGUE

NASL

LCJ

NORTH AMERICAN SOCCER LEAGUE

1978 - 1979 Committees

1. Competition Committee

*Steve Danzansky, John Best, Freddie Goodwin, Charles Schiano, Clive Toye, (ex officio - Phil Woosnam, Ted Howard)

2. Executive Committee - League

*Bob Hermann, Walt Daggatt, Pat Dinolfo, Jim Ruben, Clive Toye, (ex officio - Lamar Hunt, Phil Woosnam)

3. Executive Committee - Marketing

*George Strawbridge, John Best, Derek Carroll, Jay Emmett, Keith Williams, (ex officio - Phil Woosnam, Steve Caspers)

4. Labor Relations Committee

*Derek Carroll, Pat Dinolfo, Bill McNutt, Joe Robbie, Bob Rolnick

5. Planning Committee

*Steve Danzansky, Frank Barселona, Herb Capozzi, Pat Dinolfo, Lee Stern, Keith Williams

6. Television Committee

*Derek Carroll, Ed Bleier, John Carbray, Jack Daley, (ex officio - Lamar Hunt, Phil Woosnam, Steve Caspers)

*Committee Chairman

NORTH AMERICAN SOCCER LEAGUE

NEWS
RELEASE

FOR RELEASE: Weds., Oct. 4, 1978

12:30 p.m.

DR. HENRY KISSINGER BECOMES CHAIRMAN OF NASL BOARD OF DIRECTORS

CHICAGO, Oct. 4 --- The Board of Directors of the North American Soccer League announced today that Dr. Henry A. Kissinger has purchased an option to buy a franchise in the NASL and will serve without compensation as Chairman of the Board of Directors, commencing Oct. 4, 1978. Dr. Kissinger's responsibilities in the newly created office of Chairman will include:

* Presiding over certain meetings of the Board of Directors and other meetings in which important policy matters are to be discussed;

* Counseling and advising the NASL on matters affecting soccer in the United States and Canada, especially on the development of viable programs for United States and Canadian National Teams.

The office of Chairman of the Board is novel in the administration of sports leagues in the United States. The day-to-day affairs of the League will continue to be administered by Commissioner Phil Woosnam, with assistance and direction on major policy issues from the Board of Directors.

Speaking from the NASL Annual Meeting here, Commissioner Woosnam said "I have met Dr. Kissinger on many occasions and know of his keen interest in soccer and especially its development in the United States. On several occasions throughout the past year or so, he has made himself available for consultation with the League and its Committees in matters involving the future of soccer in North America. We welcome his new commitment to soccer's growth and development. We know that his assistance, particularly with regard to the development of a National Team and to the establishment of the United States as a world soccer power, will be invaluable."

Dr. Kissinger formally convened the afternoon session of the 1978 Annual Meeting of Directors. Before assuming the chair, he commented, "Soccer has been a lifelong favorite of mine--I've loved the game since I was a child, and now I'm happy to be able to share and help in developing the sport in North America."

1133 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10036 / Tel: (212) 575-0066 / Cable: PROSOCCER NEWYORK / Telex: 12-6705

LAW OFFICES
DANZANSKY, DICKEY, TYDINGS, QUINT & GORDON

TENTH FLOOR

1120 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036

(202) 857-4000

September 27, 1978

RAYMOND R. DICKEY
BERNARD GORDON
MILTON QUINT
JOSEPH D. TYDINGS
ROBERT F. ROLNICK
MITCHELL S. CUTLER
LOUIS H. DIAMOND
STEPHEN I. DANZANSKY
ROBERT B. WASHINGTON, JR.
EDWARD R. LEVIN
IAN K. PORTNOY
ROBERT F. CONDON
ROBERT A. KLEIN
DAVID W. RUTSTEIN
LIONEL E. PASHKOFF
STEPHEN A. BODZIN
H. KENNETH KUDON
STANLEY A. LEVINE
AARON L. HANDLEMAN
MICHAEL E. KRIS
R. SCOTT FALEY
JEFFREY J. MILTON
PHILLIP H. HARRIS
JAMES BREMER
ROBERT BUNN
RONALD S. SHAPIRO
CURTIS A. RITTER
FRANK S. GORDON
CORY M. AMRON

JOSEPH B. DANZANSKY
COUNSEL TO THE FIRM

ROBERT H. FINCH
SPECIAL COUNSEL TO THE FIRM

RAYBURN HANZLIK
THOMAS J. WALSH
MARVIN WILLIG
OF COUNSEL

FRANK BUCKLEY (1944)
STANLEY H. FISCHER (1953)

CABLE: DANKEY
TELECOPIER (202) 857-4410
TELEX: 440429 DANZ

WRITER'S DIRECT DIAL

857-4040

Ms. Kris Vick
Suite Number 520
1800 K Street N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006

Dear Kris:

The League had a slight problem obtaining a large enough conference room for Dr. Kissinger's press briefing at the original time designated on October 3, 1978. Therefore, we have amended the schedule slightly to conform with the availability of the room, but this in no way changes the previously agreed upon arrival and departure times for Dr. Kissinger in Chicago.

Originally Proposed

1:15 - Dr. Kissinger arrives at Hotel
1:30-2:00 - Press conference at Hotel
2:00-3:30 - Dr. Kissinger convenes
afternoon session of League meeting

Amended Schedule

12:00-1:00 - Directors Luncheon
1:15 - Dr. Kissinger arrives at the
Hotel and convenes afternoon session
1:15-2:00 - Afternoon session of the
Annual Meeting
2:00-2:30 - Press conference
2:30-3:30 - Return to Annual Meeting
with Dr. Kissinger taking leave at
such time as he deems necessary

I am sending a copy of this letter to David Ginsburg for his records.
Thank you for your assistance.

cc: David Ginsburg

CALIFORNIA SOCCER ASSOCIATION
"NORTH"

Headquarters SAN FRANCISCO

Mailing Address
P.O. Box 12066
San Francisco, CA. 94112

Office Phone (415) 586-5800
Phone line open 7 days a week
Between 9:A.M. & 6:P.M.

Business Hours Monday-Friday
12 Noon to 5:P.M.
Closed SAT. SUN. & Holidays

Registration for Players:
Monday of each week or
postmarked by midnite of
each Monday addressed to
CSA"N" Office, all forms
must be submitted to CSA"N"
Office on time,

Executive Committee Meetings:
First Thursday of each Month
8:P.M. CSA"N" Office.

Balboa Soccer Stadium Sunday
Press Box Phone Number
(415) 586-9272

SEASON 1978-1979

pg2

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

<table><tr><td>Rudy W. Studnik</td><td>Executive<br>President</td></tr><tr><td>Robert Weiner</td><td>Executive<br>Vice President</td></tr><tr><td>Ted Cordery</td><td>Executive<br>Secretary</td></tr><tr><td>Adolph B. Washauer</td><td>Association<br>Treasurer</td></tr><tr><td>Kurt Silberstein</td><td>Vice President<br>Promotion & P.R.</td></tr><tr><td>Reiner Thoms</td><td>Vice President<br>Development of<br>the Game</td></tr><tr><td>Michael V. Nikol</td><td>Vice President<br>Development of<br>Game Officials</td></tr></table>

Executive Committee Members
Mrs. Frances Guardado
William Oare

Honorary Life Member of the
Executive Committee
Matthew J. Boxer

Office Manager & Registrar
George Wm. Long, Jr.

CALIFORNIA SOCCER ASSOCIATION pg3
"NORTH"

Board of Directors

ALCOSTA SOCCER LEAGUE
Larry Boldrini

CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
SOCCER LEAGUE
George Coulouras
Mike Zupan

EAST BAY SOCCER LEAGUE
Cliff Marks
Heriberto Portilla

LATIN AMERICAN SUMMER
SOCCER LEAGUE
George Quesada

NORTH BAY SOCCER LEAGUE
Guillermo Valle

PENINSULA SOCCER LEAGUE
Umberto Abronzino
Derek Werret

SAN FRANCISCO SOCCER
FOOTBALL LEAGUE
Joseph Battaglini
Jim Rally

SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY
SOCCER LEAGUE
Edward Baladjanian
Edward N. Nunez

[L]

C.S.A."N" APPOINTMENTS pg5

CITY HALL IN EACH AREA

Matthew J. Boxer Chairman

<table><tr><td>Alcosta</td><td>Larry Boldrini</td></tr><tr><td>Central Calif.</td><td>Otto Massara</td></tr><tr><td>East Bay</td><td>Cliff Marks</td></tr><tr><td>North Bay</td><td>George Wm. Long, Jr.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Guillermo Valle</td></tr><tr><td>Peninsula</td><td>Umberto Abronzino</td></tr><tr><td>San Francisco</td><td>Ezio Paolini</td></tr><tr><td>San Joaquin</td><td>Edward Baladjanian</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Edward N. Nunez</td></tr></table>

C.S.A."N" COUNSELOR

Ezio Paolini

C.S.A."N" AUDIT COMMITTEE

Jim Rally Chairman
Heriberto Portilla
George Quesada

RULES AND REVISIONS

C.S.A."N" EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

C.S.A."N" BOARD OF DIRECTORS

C.S.A."N" HALL OF FAME COMMITTEE

Matthew J. Boxer Chairman
Ted Cordery Secretary
Don Greer
Adolph B. Washauer

C.S.A."N" APPOINTMENTS pg6

INTERNATIONAL GAMES

Rudy Studnik Chairman

International games Committee

All Executive Committee Members
and who shall be appointed by
the Chairman (Rudy Studnik)

PROFESSIONAL AFFAIRS

Rudy Studnik Chairman

USSF STATE REFEREE ADMINISTRATOR

Henry R. Landauer

ASST. STATE REFEREE ADMINISTRATOR

Ricardo Quintanilla
P.O. Box 12066
San Francisco, CA. 94112
(415) 586-2907

Monday-nites 7:PM. to 9:PM.

C.S.A."N" Referee Coordinators

Alcosta Soccer League
Paul L. Nadon
45 Agate CT.
Livermore, CA. 94550
(415) 455-1643

[LC]

C.S.A."N" APPOINTMENTS pg8

WOMENS COORDINATOR

Ivar Hoftvedt

UNDER 21/23 PROGRAM

Kurt Silberstein
Peter Jebens

DISCIPLINARY COMMITTEE

Ted Cordery Chairman
George Quesada
Kurt Silberstein
Aldoph Washauer

ALL STAR TEAMS

Lothar Osiander-Head Coach
Alcosta-
Central Calif. Mike Zupan
East Bay
Latin American
North Bay
Peninsula
San Francisco
San Joaquin

C.S.A."N" PROPERTY MANAGER

George Wm. Long, Jr.

FILM LIBRARY

William Oare

USSF NATIONAL OPEN & AMATEUR CUPS pg9

Matthew J. Boxer National
Chairman

Ted Cordery Region #4
Director

Reiner Thoms CSA"North"
Commissioner

George Wm. Long, Jr. CSA "North"
Asst. Commissioner

North American Soccer League

Phil Woosnam Commissioner

Ted Howard Director of
Operations

Peter Ruocco Asst. Director
of Operations

NASL OFFICE
1133 Avenue of the Americas,
Suite 3500
New York, N.Y. 10036
(212) 575-0066

Oakland Stompers-Office
7901 Oakport Street, Suite 140
Oakland, CA. 94621
(415) 632-4625

[L.C.]

North American Soccer League pg10

San Jose Earthquakes-Office
2025 Gateway Place, Suite 272
San Jose, CA. 95110
(408) 998-5425

MEDIA & NEWSPAPERS

Bob Hall
82 Aptos
San Francisco, CA. 94127
(415) 586-1814

Soccer America
P.O. Box 23704
Oakland, CA. 94623
(415) 549-1414

Channel #20 Soccer Report

Al Bettucchi
609 Rocca Avenue
So. San Francisco, CA. 94080
(415) 583-5746 Office
(415) 583-1520 Home

American Soccer League

Nothing up to date submitted
to CSA"N" Office.

CSA"NORTH" MEMBER LEAGUES
PRESIDENT & SECRETARIES

pg11

Alcosta Soccer League

Tom Simmonds President
Larry Boldrini Secretary
625 Oak Cicle
Pleasanton, CA. 94566
(415) 846-3224 Or 4676

Central California Soccer League

Otto Massara President
John Ivanisch Secretary
5935 Brett Drive
Sacramento, CA. 95842
(916) 332-8554

East Bay Soccer League

Heriberto Portilla President
Cliff Marks Secretary
151 Montalvin Drive
San Pablo, CA. 94806
(415) 222-3993

Latin American Summer League

Mrs. Frances Guardado President
George Quesada Secretary
158 Bellevue Avenue
Daly City, CA. 94014
(415) 584-0749

North Bay Soccer League

Guillermo Valle President
1309 Stroven Lane
Santa Rosa, CA. 95401
(707) 542-8092

[L.C.]

CSA"NORTH" MEMBER LEAGUES pg12
PRESIDENT & SECRETARIES

Bob Rodrigues President
Umberto Abronzino Secretary
1336 Settle Avenue
San Jose, CA. 95125
(408) 292-7346 or 295-6533

San Francisco Soccer League
Ezio Paolini President
John Ardizzone Secretary
2424 Mariposa Street
San Francisco, CA. 94110
(415) 863-8892 or 467-1490

San Joaquin Valley Soccer League
Edward N. Nunez President
Vince Minniello Secretary
P.O. Box 232
Pinedale, CA. 93650
(209) 291-2720

On making phone calls to your respected leagues-Officers, be sure it's a respectable hour not after 10pm or before 9am unless you are instructed to do so, or it's an emergency, it will be greatly appreciated, by them, thank you.

[LC]

UNITED STATES SOCCER FEDERATION pg13

<table><tr><td>Gene Edwards</td><td>President</td></tr><tr><td>Werner Fricker</td><td>Senior Vice President</td></tr><tr><td>John O. Best</td><td>Vice President</td></tr><tr><td>Matthew J. Boxer</td><td>Vice President</td></tr><tr><td>Thomas E. Webb</td><td>Vice President</td></tr><tr><td>Don Greer</td><td>Vice President</td></tr><tr><td>Fr. Joseph Caffrey</td><td>Vice President</td></tr><tr><td>Phil Woosnam</td><td>Vice President</td></tr><tr><td>Foster Perry</td><td>Treasurer</td></tr><tr><td>Kurt Lamm<br>USSF Office<br>350 Fifth Avenue, Suite 4010<br>New York, N.Y. 10001</td><td>Secretary</td></tr></table>

(212) 736-0915

CABLE "SOCCER" NEW YORK

All Professional forms and Professional Release, and player clearances for Amateur & Professional are handled thru the New York Office, all the above forms are available at CSA"NORTH" Office San Francisco.

CALIFORNIA YOUTH ASSOCIATION
(CYSA)

pg15

DISTRICT COMMISSIONERS

1 Ernie Feibusch S.F. Area

2 Joe Wojciechowski Pen. Area

3 Addie Hamm Alcosta "

4 Dave Wickens East Bay "

5 Debbie Thompson Nrth Bay "

6 Marge Madriago CCSL Area

7 Joan Crozier SJVSL Area

8 Bub Foreman CCSL Area

9 Steve Robeson CCSL Area

Please note, for youth permits to play on your Senior Club, you must contact the above CYSA-District Commissioners for permission, phone numbers and addresses are listed in the directory. Upper Pen. Area contact District Commissioner #1, maxium 3 players per Club on any given day and only 3 trial games per player in a given season. If youth player wishes to remain with Senior Club, player must have permission of parent.

[LC]

NAMES & ADDRESSES pg17

Battaglini, Joseph
7 Carlsbad Court
South San Francisco, CA. 94080
(415) 588-4171

Benvenuti, I. L.
840 Alice Ave. Apt. #2
Mountin Veiw, CA. 94041
(408) 295-4420

Berling, Clay
P.O. Box 9393
Berkeley, CA. 94709
(415) 841-6175

Best, John O.
5017 "W" 58th Place
Los Angeles, CA. 90056
(213) 295-5796

Boxer, Matthew J.
1364 Madera Way
Millbrae, CA. 94030
(415) 697-8241
(408) 251-4540

Boyle, Dan
401 Chapman Street
San Francisco, CA. 94112
(415) 824-1896

NAMES & ADDRESSES pg19

Fields, Norrine
642 Mojave Avenue
Livermore, CA. 94550
(415) 447-6038

Forman, Bud
5449 Holiday Drive
Stockton, CA. 95207
(209) 478-4986

Fricker, Werner
350 5th Avenue, Suite 4010
New York, N.Y. 10001
(212) 736-0915

FR. Caffrey, Joseph
350 5th Avenue, Suite 4010
New York, N.Y. 10001
(212) 736-0915

Greer, Donald
18425 Ogilvie Drive
Castro Valley, CA. 94546
(415) 538-1107

Guardado, Frances
2336 Rollingwood Drive
San Bruno, CA. 94066
(415) 588-2295

Hamm, Addie
4364 Colgate Way
Livermore, CA. 94550
(415) 455-5022

[LC]

## NAMES & ADDRESSES pg21

Marks, Cliff
151 Montalvin Drive
San Pablo, CA. 94806
(415) 222-3993

Massara, Otto
3826 "Y" Street
Sacramento, CA. 95817
(916) 456-4615

Minniello, Vincent
P.O. Box 232
Pinedale, CA. 93650
(209) 291-2720

Negoesco, Steve
18 Sonora Way
Corte Madera, CA.
(415) 924-5406

Nikol, Michael
2263 35th Avenue
San Francisco, CA. 94116
(415) 566-7611

Nunez, Edward N.
490 "E" Calimyrna #103
Fresno, CA. 93710
(209) 431-3677
(209) 431-0292

Oare, William
582 35th Avenue
San Francisco, CA. 94121
(415) 752-0415

[LC]

## NAMES & ADDRESSES pg22

O' Connor, Jack
587 Ruby Road
Livermore, CA. 94550
(415) 455-0903

Osiander, Lothar
1112 Studebacker Road
Walnut Creek, CA. 94598
(415) 937-5860

Pane, Julio
1231 55th Street
Sacramento, CA. 95819
(916) 455-8521

Paolini, Ezio
4657 Mission Street
San Francisco, CA. 94112
(415) 586-3600

Perry, Foster
350 5th Avenue, Suite 4010
New York, N.Y. 10001
(212) 736-0915

Portilla, Heriberto
4880 Webster Street
Oakland, CA. 94609
(415) 654-3277

Quesada, George
158 Bellevue Avenue
Daly City, CA. 94014
(415) 584-0749

[LC]

## NAMES & ADDRESSES pg24

Studnik, Rudy W.
P.O. Box 12066
San Francisco, CA. 94112
(415) 586-5800
(916) 393-0314

Sundquist, George
541 Sequoia Avenue
Redwood City, CA. 94061
(415) 368-4764

Thompson, Debbie
1720 "W" Steele Lane
Santa Rosa, CA. 95401
(707) 542-4510

Thoms. Reiner
1509 Drake Avenue
Burlingame, CA. 94010
(415) 347-4870

Toon, James
915 West Home Avenue
Fresno, CA. 93726
(209) 266-9086

Valle, Guillermo
1309 Stroven Lane
Santa Rosa, CA. 95401
(707) 542-8092

Washauer, Adolph
3930 San Bruno Avenue
San Francisco, CA. 94124
(415) 781-5600 Office
(415) 467-6989 Home

NAMES & ADDRESSES pg25

Waterman, Cliff
1434 15th Street
San Francisco, CA. 94103
(415) 626-2301 Day
(415) 355-5107 Nite

Weiner, Robert
96 Avalon Drive
Daly City, CA. 94015
(415) 755-5819

Werrett, Derek
4537 Alex Drive
San Jose, CA. 95130
(408) 379-8643

Wickens, Dave
3245 Judith
Lafayette, CA. 94549
(415) 283-3292

Wojciechowski, Joe
758 Azule Avenue
San Jose, CA. 95123
(408) 227-1702

Zupan, Mike
6526 Wyndham Drive #15
Sacramento, CA. 95823
(916) 392-4571

NOTES

AMERICAN CONFERENCE-WESTERN DIVISION

Home Games Underlined

<table><thead><tr><th colspan="2">OAKLAND</th><th colspan="2">SAN JOSE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>4/1</td><td>Detroit SUN 2:00</td><td>3/31</td><td>Portland SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>4/6</td><td>@ Vancouver 8:00</td><td>4/7</td><td>@ Detroit 2:00</td></tr><tr><td>4/11</td><td>Memphis WED 7:30</td><td>4/13</td><td>Oakland SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>4/14</td><td>@ San Jose 8:00</td><td>4/21</td><td>@ San Diego 7:30</td></tr><tr><td>4/22</td><td>California SUN 2:00</td><td>4/28</td><td>Los Angeles SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>4/28</td><td>@ Portland 8:00</td><td>5/5</td><td>Vancouver SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>5/5</td><td>@ Los Angeles 7:30</td><td>5/12</td><td>@ Seattle 7:30</td></tr><tr><td>5/9</td><td>New England WED 7:30</td><td>5/19</td><td>Seattle SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>5/13</td><td>Rochester S 1/2 2:00</td><td>5/26</td><td>@ Oakland 7:30</td></tr><tr><td>5/19</td><td>@ Detroit WED 7:30</td><td>6/2</td><td>Memphis SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>5/23</td><td>Philadelphia 7:30</td><td>6/6</td><td>@ Minnesota 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>5/26</td><td>San Jose SAT 7:30</td><td>6/9</td><td>Toronto SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>5/30</td><td>Vancouver WED 7:30</td><td>6/13</td><td>@ Tampa Bay 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>6/6</td><td>@ Ft. Laud 8:00</td><td>6/16</td><td>@ Ft. Laud 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>6/10</td><td>@ San Diego 6:00</td><td>6/20</td><td>@ Portland 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>6/13</td><td>Portland WED 7:30</td><td>6/23</td><td>Chicago SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>6/16</td><td>San Diego SAT 7:30</td><td>6/27</td><td>New England WED 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>6/20</td><td>@ Chicago(S) 7:30</td><td>6/30</td><td>@ Philadel 7:30</td></tr><tr><td>6/23</td><td>@ Memphis 7:30</td><td>7/4</td><td>@ Houston 2:00</td></tr><tr><td>6/27</td><td>@ Washington 8:00</td><td>7/7</td><td>Ft. Laud SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>6/29</td><td>Tampa Bay FRI 7:30</td><td>7/11</td><td>Philadelphia 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>7/4</td><td>Seattle WED 7:30</td><td>7/14</td><td>@ Los Angeles 7:30</td></tr><tr><td>7/11</td><td>@ New England 8:30</td><td>7/18</td><td>Houston WED 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>7/14</td><td>@ Tampa Bay 8:00</td><td>7/21</td><td>Tulsa SAT 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>7/18</td><td>@ Atlanta 7:30</td><td>7/25</td><td>@ Chicago(S) 7:30</td></tr><tr><td>7/20</td><td>Los Angeles FRI 7:30</td><td>7/29</td><td>@ New York 7:30</td></tr><tr><td>7/25</td><td>Dallas WED 7:30</td><td>8/1</td><td>California WED 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>8/1</td><td>@ Seattle 7:30</td><td>8/4</td><td>@ California 7:30</td></tr><tr><td>8/3</td><td>Houston FRI 7:30</td><td>8/8</td><td>@ Vancouver 8:00</td></tr><tr><td>8/8</td><td>@ California 7:30</td><td>8/11</td><td>San Diego SAT 8:00</td></tr></tbody></table>

NASL

[L]

March 20, 1981

TO: Owners and General Managers

FROM: Phil Woosnam

Please find enclosed a copy of an article published in the
**London Daily Mail** on Tuesday, March 17th.

Following yesterday's news release, from the League meeting, we have received numerous calls from Europe and the wire services in regard to the FIFA matter. The general feeling of those who have called is that FIFA will not be prepared to take strong action when its executive committee meets on May 7th. All of this was discussed at our meeting yesterday, of course.

Before the end of next week, however, we might find that we have greater public and media support throughout the world than we might have expected. Furthermore, at this time, I have not heard from anyone who is not supporting our cause.

PW:mew

MAR 24 1981

NASL

March 20, 1981

FR: Phil Woosnam

It is with great concern that I am finding an increasing occurrence of club representatives making various accusations and exerting enormous pressure against League office personnel including threats in regard to their continued employment. On many occasions, the more vociferous club representatives will try a range of methods to influence the decision making process of this office. This includes telephone calls to representatives of the Executive Committee and/or other vociferous people within the league in an effort to undermine the integrity and judgement of the person in the League office.

We have had many instances of owners and management representatives giving pressure in order to gain an unfair advantage for their clubs in regard to scheduling and an interpretation of the League regulations. On other occasions such bullying tactics have been used when, for example, the basic problem is simply that transfer fees to other clubs have not been paid on time, or there has been an incomplete disclosure of documents relating to a side deal with a player who has been traded. Similar pressures in an effort to seek benefits additional to those received by other clubs, have been exerted on representatives of NASL Marketing, Inc. in regard to television and other marketing responsibilities. In summary, a limited number of people have continually put pressure on League office personnel in an effort to seek an advantage or favor on matters including disciplinary action which are handled by the operations, game officials, legal, financial and marketing departments of this office.

In the past, I have elected to keep such confrontations and the basic issues which produced the confrontation, a matter of confidence between this office and the club concerned. There have been times however, when clubs have gone extremely public with their report of the situation by giving the press, the public and other clubs a one-sided and quite often, incomplete report of the situation.

MAR 24 1981

continued.....

NASL

Page Two

March 20, 1981

There are times, I am sure, when the judgement call made by
a League office employee needs to be reviewed, but the proper
machinery for such review is already set in place and it does
not call for bullying and the various other forms of pressure.

Should such tactics continue, I shall have no alternative but
to make all clubs aware of the nature of the problems and the
pressure being used in an effort to obtain a more favorable
decision. It is grossly unfair for me to require League office
personnel to remain silent on such matters, when certain owners
and club personnel are talking publicly and often attempting to
bring media pressure on this office. The same one-sided situation
exists with game officials. They are not permitted to discuss
certain issues publicly. They can only provide facts for purposes
of clarification. Quite often, however, they are subjected to
media and public pressure due to intense criticism because of
the inability of club personnel to demonstrate self-control. Again,
the machinery is in place for matters of dispute to be dealt with
in an orderly manner. With the 1981 season about to open, I trust
that this letter will encourage all of you, and particularly the
small minority, to handle matters of equal concern to you and
League office personnel in a proper and fair manner.

PW/psc

North American Soccer League

file

March 27, 1981

Mr. Joseph Riley
National Savings & Trust Company
15th and New York Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20005

Dear Joe:

As discussed at your breakfast meeting on Monday, March 23, I would be most grateful if you would present the enclosed checks to HEROES, INC. and Special Olympics, Inc. on behalf of the Greater Washington Sports Authority and the North American Soccer League.

Since our conversation earlier this week, League office personnel have been able to collect all monies due except for one payment of $250 which we are told is on its way. In making these payments to the charities, we are assuming that the check will, in fact, be received. Each of the two enclosed checks, for $32,763.84, represent, therefore, a 50% share of the final profits derived from the Awards Dinner and the Dinner Program.

Everyone at the League deeply appreciates the enormous part you and your associates played in making Soccer Bowl-80 and the related functions so successful. I hope that sometime in the near future, we will both be able to give consideration to the possibility of Washington being chosen again as the site of our championship game.

cc: Mayor Marion Barry
Stephen Danzansky
Leonard B. Doggett, Jr.
R. Robert Linowes
Louise Lynch
Eunice Schriver
Derwood Settles
John Tydings
David A. Werblin
Marion Whiting
NASL Owners and General Managers

APR 1 1981

1133 Avenue of the Americas. New York, NY 10036 / Tel. (212) 575-0066 / Cable: PROSOCCER NEWYORK / Telex 12-6705

North American Soccer League

HAND DELIVERED

Phil Woosnam, Commissioner

[L]

March 12, 1981

Mr. Kurt Lamm
United States Soccer Federation
350 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10118

Dear Kurt:

Thank you for your letter of March 9, 1981, although I must say that I was somewhat disturbed by the tone of the letter. In my previous correspondence on, this entire subject, I have simply requested that the North American Soccer League have the opportunity to meet FIFA, USSF and CSA to discuss this matter, or FIFA agree to conduct a detailed technical study during our 1981 season regarding the use of the 35 yard offside line and three substitutes. With a League meeting scheduled on Thursday, March 19 in Chicago, we have also requested that a response be received at the League office by Monday, March 16.

In this day and age, and under the extremely complex circumstances we have to operate, I do not consider such a request to be ill mannered or inappropriate. In all walks of life, people are entitled to a hearing although apparently this is not considered to be appropriate as far as the USSF and FIFA are concerned. Furthermore, I would remind you that at previous USSF Executive Committee meetings it has been noted that another national league affiliated with the USSF has been making changes in the playing rules which are in conflict with the FIFA rules in regard to substitution. The NASL has absolutely no problem with the fact that the other league has chosen to do so because we understand the problems of trying to stay alive while developing professional soccer in North America. However, the NASL members are somewhat concerned that the NASL has been singled out by both FIFA and USSF in being directed to comply.

In your letter, you refer to certain conduct being "unconscionable" and "an unwillingness to face up to reality." You have had the opportunity to meet with certain representatives of NASL clubs in

continued.....

MAR 16 1981

1133 Avenue of the Americas. New York. NY 10036 / Tel: (212) 575-0066 / Cable: PROSOCCER NEWYORK / Telex: 12-6705

United States Soccer Federation
Affiliated with the Federation Internationale de Football Association

[LC]

March 9, 1981

Mr. Phil Woosnam, Commissioner
North American Soccer League
1133 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 3500
New York, NY 10036

Dear Mr. Woosnam:

It is obvious you do not intend to pay any attention to plain facts.
So that you will understand the situation, I will repeat it once again.
My letter to you dated January 26th requested a simple reply to FIFA's
directive. Not receiving such, my follow-up letter of March 2nd repeated
such request. Your letter of February 10th and 19th do not release you
from answering by attempting to set up conditions for others to comply
with.

You have been told, but I will repeat once again, to set the record straight if need be. The President personally contacted FIFA executives and others in an attempt to obtain an extension for your League for 1981. It was his feeling, although not guaranteed, that there might have been a possibility for consideration if the League would agree to abide by the laws following 1981. This was communicated to you in a suggested draft letter and was unacceptable to you. (Copy attached).

The FIFA has made its decision and the President was informed of such, so
that your attempting to put the onus on the FIFA rather than comply with
its directive or respond to the Federation's request to do so, is unconscionable.

If you need this for the record, these are the facts, and attempting to shift
the responsibility elsewhere will not resolve the problem with which all
soccer in the United States is confronted, by your unwillingness to face
up to reality and abide by FIFA rules.

KL:aa

cc: Gene Edwards
    USSF Board of Directors
    William Stirling
    Eric King
    encl.

350 FIFTH AVE. • EMPIRE STATE BLDG., SUITE 4010 • NEW YORK, NY 10118 • TELEPHONE (212) 736-0915-6-7 • CABLE "SOCCER" NEW YORK

NASL

[L]

March 11, 1981

FR: Phil Woosnam

Enclosed please find a copy of press clippings regarding a meeting scheduled by New York's Mayor Koch last week to discuss his proposal to legalize professional sports gambling. Also enclosed is a copy of the notes used by John Keenan, Chairman and President of the New York City Off-Track Betting Corporation, who made the presentation on behalf of the Mayor and a copy of a statement issued at that meeting by the Commissioners for Football, Baseball, Basketball and Hockey clarifying their position. They had not contacted me prior to determine whether or not I would be in agreement with their statement.

You will see from the article in the *New York Times* on Saturday, March 7, that I took a different position to those representing the other sports in the belief that further discussions on this subject need to take place before any door is closed. Before leaving that session I made arrangements to schedule a meeting at some future date with John Keenan. It has been my experience that a pools system of betting, based purely on results, can be organized without the danger of players "fixing" games. On the other hand, gambling on individual games and/or the point spread provides too many opportunities for players to be approached regarding a possible "fix".

Please advise me regarding any views you might have on this matter. I am attempting to schedule a meeting with John Keenan prior to March 19, so that I can give you a further report at the League Meeting in Chicago.

PW/psc

enclosures: copies of clippings
statement by other Commissioners

cc: Steve Brenner
Ted Howard
Vince Casey
Steve Caspers

28

NEW YORK POST, MONDAY, MARCH 9, 198

NEW YORK POST

RUPERT MURDOCH Publisher and Editor in-Chief

ROGER WOOD Executive Editor

KEN CHANDLER JOHN CANNING Managing Editors

BRUCE ROTHWELL Editorial Page Editor

STEVE DUNLEAVY Metropolitan Editor

Koch's betting program:
realism vs hypocrisy

Mayor Koch is encountering predictable resistance in his effort to liberalize a wide range of sports wagering at Off Track Betting parlors. But the opposition is as unpersuasive as it is familiar.

Everyone knows that underground gambling on sports — football, baseball, basketball, hockey and even soccer — is a vast, flourishing industry. Maybe the country would be a better place if it weren't; too many families are the victims of incorrigible addicts who can see "a sure thing" in their dreams.

But few seriously propose a prohibition law as a rational answer in this realm. The major argument piously voiced by the sports commissioners is that Koch's plan would increase the risk of corruption by players by "point-shaving" operators and other breeds of fixers.

Yet betting on horse races — surely as vulnerable to manipulation, no matter how virtuous the horses — re-

mains untouchable; it is, of course, the wholly lawful business of the OTB parlors.

What is the moral distinction between sanctioning this enterprise and allowing its facilities to be used for bets on other sports (with an estimated annual revenue of $56 million for the city)?

The truth is that the bookies and their underworld cronies are the chief beneficiaries of the hypocritical double standard that prevails.

If the sports commissioners cannot police their games to combat seduction in their ranks, the danger of scandal will remain; it will not be altered by the site of the betting arrangements and the lifting of the un-enforced taboos.

Moreover, the Koch plan requires thatbettors choose among four to 12 games on a card, a clear deterrent to fixing of individual contests.

Keep slugging on this one, Mr. Mayor.

JOINT STATEMENT

BY

Bowie Kuhn, Commissioner, Major League Baseball

Lawrence O'Brien, Commissioner, National Basketball Association

Pete Rozelle, Commissioner, National Football League

John Ziegler, President, National Hockey League

REGARDING

THE

SPORTS LOTTERY BILL, STATE OF NEW YORK

Friday, March 6, 1981

We are unalterably opposed to legalized gambling on professional sports because it would dramatically change the character of the fan, and eventually change the character of the game itself.

When you make it more convenient to gamble, you intensify all the problems inherent in gambling. Widespread suspicions would be generated whenever something, a misplay or whatever, happened in a contest that determined, or even threatened, its outcome. And the "outcome" to the fan would no longer be the final score, but the *margin* of the victory or defeat. The emphasis would inevitably change from winning a game to winning a bet. A generation of fans would be created who are geared not to the spectacle of the sport, but to measuring it by gambling standards and to the winning and losing of a wager.

It is our understanding that the Sports Lottery Bill which has been introduced in the 1981 State Legislature not only provides for wagering on the outcome of professional games, but also would initiate forms of so-called exotic betting, a somewhat recent innovation in state-controlled horse racing which has not so incidentally spawned scandals in that industry.

As a balm or bribe, the Bill provides for the professional sports leagues to share in a percentage of the handle. That proposal alone is repugnant to each of us. We view it as nothing more than an up-front payoff to the victims.

[L.C.]

It is a well known fact that each of us has strict rules against gambling, or association with gamblers, and each of us spends considerable amounts of money and time maintaining the integrity of our game. Legalized gambling would greatly multiply the security problems confronting each of us. Professional sports must not only be free from scandal, but from the suspicion of scandal as well.

The Bill would make it legal for our players and personnel to bet on games in direct violation of our own rules which prohibit such wagering and call for severe penalties ranging from fines to suspension for life. And what of relatives of our personnel who are seen at the betting window and are overheard placing a wager on the opposing team?

Legal betting on games played by our leagues would, we believe, create a substantial risk of actual scandal. In Western Europe, many forms of betting are legal. In Great Britain there has been a market rise in incidents involving bribery and other gambling scandals since the passage of the Betting and Gambling Act of 1960. There have been three major soccer scandals in Italy in the last two decades; one last year implicated some 40 leading soccer players and officials in game-fixing and bribery. Several players were suspended for life.

Just this week, the March 3 editions of The New York Times carried a story headlined: *Soccer in Europe Falling From Pedestal*. The story reported that attendance at major league soccer games in Italy last year dropped 800,000 from the 1978 total. Mere coincidence, or the fallout of scandals?

-2-

And after professional sports, what next? It is a fact
that from the original simple state lottery has emerged all forms
of multi-priced games of chance. So when there are not sufficient
professional sports games to complete a weekend card, will a few
college games be sprinkled in with the pros? A Princeton-Columbia
game at Baker Field? A St. John's-Fordham game at Rose Hill? No
Student Union Building would be complete without its own OCB window
for On Campus Betting. Wouldn't that foster more scandal of the
kind experienced twice in recent decades in college basketball and
currently in the sports pages involving three former Boston College
players?

The National Football League experienced a brush--a prickly
one, at that—with a form of legalized gambling in the State of
Delaware in 1976. A national survey revealed that this venture
undertaken in Delaware, though an absolute failure, impugned the
respected reputation of the NFL because half of the people interviewed
believed that the league either sponsored or approved of the venture.
This enterprise by the State of Delaware fell nearly 90 per cent
short of anticipated revenues and was abandoned.

In every other case where the government has gone into the
gambling business, it has created a commission to police the
operation. Is New York State prepared to deal with events taking
place outside its borders, but wagered on heavily within the state?

History has shown that legalized gambling on professional
sports will not bring about the public benefits commonly ascribed
to such proposals by proponents. Such gambling will not have any

-3-

[lc]

appreciable positive effect on the social welfare and revenue problems
of cities and states or on the elimination of organized crime or
police corruption.

We take strong issue with those who say that people are
going to gamble anyway, so why not make it legal and let the city
or county or state or federal government share in the income. There
is a vast difference between friendly, casual wagering and the kind
of habitual betting that legalized gambling on professional sports
would produce.

The reality is that none of that income will inure to the
government. People who presently gamble on sporting events with
bookmakers will continue to do so since illegal betting provides the
advantages of credit, anonymity and insulation from tax on their
winnings. The Bill would merely expand the number of people in our
society who gamble by enticing to both illegal and legal activities
those who do not now participate in illegal gambling.

We sympathize with efforts to raise money to ease the
burdens of cities and states. But the answer does not lie in
effectively appropriating and misusing a vehicle not designed
for betting.

The backbone of every professional team sport is integrity.
Remove it and only chaos results.

#####

-4-

-2-

[1c]

school districts in proportion to total Sports Lottery betting in each city or county. A State tax of 3% of total Sports Lottery betting will be paid into the State Treasury and used in aid of education.

## A Share for Racing

OTB corporation Sports Lottery expenses will include a commission of 1% of total Sports Lottery betting to New York's racing industry, in proportion to off-track betting at racetracks in the preceding year.

## A Share for Sports

Similar commissions on Sports Lottery betting will be paid to the professional sports associations: 1/2 of 1% of total Sports Lottery betting to pension or health and welfare funds and 1/2 of 1% to professional sports clubs, in proportion to the betting on each sport.

## How the Sports Lottery Will Work

Players will be able to purchase Sports Lottery tickets listing at least four and no more than twelve major league games for a minimum price of $1. For example, during the professional football season, weekly Football Lottery tickets listing the week's professional football games and point spreads will be sold. These weekly Football Lottery tickets will record the player's choices of the winning teams of from four to twelve games: the player may try to choose the winning teams of four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, or twelve games.

## The Sports Lottery Will Be Pari-Mutuel

After the games have been played, the value (or price) of winning Sports Lottery tickets will be determined pari-mutuelly, as in pari-mutuel horseracing. There will be a four games out of four pool, a five out of five pool, and so on up to a twelve out of twelve pool. Because the OTB Sports Lottery will be a form of pari-mutuel betting, in which players are wagering against each other and not against the OTB corporations, government cannot lose. As in pari-mutuel horserace betting the OTB corporations will retain a statutory percentage.

-3-

This statutory retention for the sports lottery will be 35% of the
lottery pools, to be used for statutory revenue distributions and
operating expenses; the remaining 65% will be divided among the
holders of winning Sports Lottery tickets.

Because Sports Lottery bets will typically involve at least
four correct selections from at least twenty-four possible betting
interests, unusually heavy wagering on a single team would not produce
Sports Lottery winning prices markedly lower than winning prices
offered by illegal sports cards.

Identical Sports Lottery wagers purchased from OTB offices any-
where in New York State will be combined into a single State-wide
pool to produce uniform Sports Lottery winning prices throughout the
State. Winning Sports Lottery tickets will be paid on the day after
the day the games are played. For example, winning Sports Lottery
wagers on Sunday football games will be paid the next day, on Monday.

## The Point Spread

The margin of victory in major league games listed on Sports
Lottery tickets will be according to point spreads, or betting lines,
printed on Sports Lottery tickets. Half-points will be used to
prevent questions arising from games that end in tied scores.

## Cancelled Games

Sports Lottery wagers that include a subsequently cancelled game
will automatically enter the next lowest pool. For example, if a
professional baseball game is cancelled after a Sports Lottery wager
on seven out of seven games including the subsequently cancelled game
is made, the seven out of seven wager will automatically drop down
into the six out of six pool and so forth. Sports Lottery wagers on
four out of four games including a game that is subsequently cancelled
will be refunded.

## Cost of Operating the OTB Sports Lottery

OTB Sports Lottery tickets will be sold in existing OTB offices
by currently employed OTB personnel. OTB's existing computer systems
are able to process Sports Lottery bets with only minor modifications.

-4-

[L]

The cost of operating the Sports Lottery will consist almost wholly of the additional direct expenses of handling the new wagers: ticket stock, computer transaction changes, advertising and so forth. OTB estimates that these direct expenses will amount to at most 10% of Sports Lottery betting.

## Sports Lottery Revenue Estimates

The NYCOTBC's revenue estimates for the proposed sports lottery are based in part upon the 1976 Final Report of the Commission on the Review of the National Policy Towards Gambling, the 1972 Quayle survey prepared for the Fund for the City of New York, and a 1973 study prepared by the United States Department of Justice. The Justice Department Report estimated that in 1973, approximately $2.8 billion was wagered illegally in New York City on sports events other than horseracing. An analysis of the Quayle Study, Justice Department figures and the New York City Police Department estimates indicate that in 1972 the total pool card handle in New York City alone exceeded $100 million. These figures predate much of the extensive and rapidly growing media coverage which such games as football and basketball have received in the last decade.

The NYCOTBC has estimated that its net incremental handle from the sports lottery will be approximately $200,000,000, with a resulting increased revenue to the City of approximately $56,000,000.

Because of the size of the NYCOTBC's existing labor force and the complexity and capacity of its data processing configuration, both of which are presently competent of handle this new form of wagering, the costs relating to starting the sports lottery are minimal.

The major statutory distributions of the total handle from the sports lottery are:

(a) 3% to the state;

(b) 1% to the racing industry; and

(c) 1% to the major organized professional sports leagues, to be divided as follows:

(i) .5% to the leagues' pension or health and welfare funds; and

(ii) .5% for distribution by the leagues, to the leagues' member teams.

March 3, 1981

NASL

(L.C.)

February 23, 1981

FR: Phil Woosnam

I am attempting to set up a meeting with Dr. Kissinger early in March to review the status of our relationship with FIFA and to discuss the possibility of his participation in any forthcoming meetings. He has been out of the country on vacation for the past month and apparently has a heavy schedule on his return.

At this meeting, I also hope to have the opportunity to check into his availability to make special appearances on behalf of our franchises. In the past, his busy schedule has made it impossible for him to travel to any city just to attend a game. However, he has shown a willingness to attend such official functions as press conferences, sales meetings with local sponsors and the occasional game when visiting a franchise city on other business.

If you have any specific request for him to participate in any function, particularly if you are aware that he will already be visiting your city on other business, please advise Edie Whiting immediately so that she can compile a list of requests from all clubs.

Please understand that any appearance by Dr. Kissinger will involve tight security which personnel from his office will supervise.

cc: Edie Whiting

FEB 26 1981

NORTH AMERICAN SOCCER PLAYERS ASSOCIATION

February 18, 1981

Dear NASL Official:

We have been asked by some of your colleagues to form
a union for all North American Soccer League game officials.
It is appropriate that you have your own association to bargain
for benefits, set priorities, and plan for your future.

The first group in professional sports to receive
recognition from the National Labor Relations Board was the
Baseball Umpires in 1969. Since that time, NBA officials
have successfully formed a union. We think it is time for the
NASL officials to have the same protections as your colleagues
in baseball and basketball.

We have enclosed an authorization card and an envelope.
If you sign the card and return it to us, we can assure you that
management will never find out that you signed the card. The card
is simply an indication that you wish to have representation
and, if 30 percent of the officials send these cards back, the
National Labor Relations Board would hold an election to determine
whether a majority of the officials wish to be represented by us.

We feel it is important to receive the cards before your
meeting in Memphis. As soon as the North American Soccer League
learns of our efforts to organize you, they will say and do
whatever they can to frighten you. There is no reason to shy
from this task as we will take every necessary legal step to
protect you in this organizational effort. While the NASL
has a history of refusing recognition, they cannot refuse if
a majority of you wish to be represented.

We urge you to sign the enclosed card. By doing so, you
will permit us to seek recognition not only from the North American
Soccer, but also from the National Labor Relations Board.

We think we have much in common with you. We know we can
help you achieve better wages and better working conditions. We
have a staff of approximately 21 people, and we have the experience
of negotiating contracts in football, soccer, track and other sports.

We plan to be present in Memphis to talk with you, but please
send the card back in advance so that we do not have to solicit cards
at that meeting.

If you have any questions, feel free to call either one of
us at our toll-free number: 800/424-2800.

National Headquarters: 1300 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 • Tele: (202) 463-2200

Western Regional Office: 26 O'Farrell Street, Suite 906, San Francisco, CA 94108 • Tele: (415) 392-4371

# Debt and Social Change Sending European Soccer Into a Decline

[10]

about 200,000 fans and Straub says five or six of the major league teams "are going beyond what we consider reasonable debt limits."

The simplest explanation for the trouble is the general economic recession, but for professional soccer's backers this argument is painfully thin. Regardless of unemployment, other leisure industries continue to expand in Europe, as do the purchase of non-essential luxury items such as video recorders.

Other justification usually involves the idea that you need a winner, flashy players and plenty of goals to make money. Many consider this the only foolproof combination. In Hamburg this year, that contention falls apart: the local club is leading the Bundesliga standings, has not lost a game at home, is tied for the lead in goals scored and can offer the fans Franz Beckenbauer, who recently returned from playing with the Cosmos of the North American Soccer League. Home attendance there is down by 10,000 a game.

Explanations that seem more logical for the decline involve hooliganism associated with young soccer fans, and a kind of irritation about the high level of players' salaries and the amounts clubs pay to buy player contracts from other teams. In 1979, Trevor Francis cost Nottingham Forest more than $3 million, and Paolo Rossi, a star striker, cost $6 million in Italy. More surprising is that the transfer of a journeyman player consistently involves sums of $500,000 or $600,000.

The explanation that most troubles men like Straub, or Glen Kirton, spokesman for the Football Association in London, though, is that professional soccer is a victim of social change. The sport basically grew up in Europe as a working class diversion, a man's event, as natural a part of his life as a glass of beer.

The social change seems linked to attitude. Now, if the working class still

exists in terms of the jobs people do, it is pretty much dissolved in relation to its members' middle-class aspirations. This means, according to Straub, that the man or boy who used to go to six or seven matches a year is now going to two. The rest of the time he is participating in sports himself, or shopping, or vacationing or taking trips with his family. Women, who have a greater input now in deciding on family activities, have traditionally not gone to soccer games in Europe. In West Germany they make up 10 percent of an average crowd; in England the figure is smaller.

But there are other criticisms that seem to have considerable validity. Hennes Weisweiler, coach of the Cosmos who returned home this winter, found the caliber of the game in trouble. Offensive play had diminished, he said, and real wingers — the men who could make a long, spectacular dash

down the sidelines — had virtually disappeared. In Italy, play has become synonymous with the word "catenacchio", or total defense, and 0-0 ties. Newspapers in Britain complain that the pro game has become over-coached, endlessly technical and boringly cautious because managers are afraid of losing their jobs. Young players with flair are pushed into a gray mold that demands no risks and no losses.

The remedies are far from clear and sometimes amusingly contradictory. In Italy, where major league soccer is played Sundays, there is talk about shifting to Saturdays. In West Germany, where the Bundesliga plays Saturdays, Friday nights are seen as a solution. There has also been discussion of running the season through the summer and taking a break during the winter, when the weather is at its worst.

In England, where the kickoff time is

traditionally 3 P.M. Saturday, Sunday games were authorized for the first time at an emergency meeting earlier this month. Besides Sunday soccer, the emergency meeting in England also produced a rule that will give a team 3 points in the standings for a victory. But it was immediately attacked. Terry Neill, the Arsenal manager, said, "It will fail to encourage attacking football and could have the opposite effect with teams sitting on a one-goal lead."

Although soccer as played in the United States is usually not regarded seriously by Europeans — some experts refer to the N.A.S.L. as "the operetta league" — Weisweiler has been insisting that Europe has plenty to learn from Americans about the considerate handling of fans. Adopting the looser American rules on off sides, and the N.A.S.L.'s overtime play, and shoot-outs would help create new interest and

liven up the game, Weisweiler says.

Straub's reply: "What do you expect from Weisweiler? He's got a contract with those people. What he didn't say was that most of the American clubs are in miserable financial condition."

NASL

March 5, 1981

TO: Owners
FR: Phil Woosnam

While in Memphis from February 26-28, for the Game Officials
Clinic, I met with Henry Evans, Chief Administrative Office
for the City of Memphis and an ardent fan of soccer. He worked
extremely hard in the latter months of 1980, following the sale
of the Memphis Rogues, in an effort to relocate another franchise
in the city.

He indicated that the city officials are still anxious to
have an NASL franchise in Memphis to play both indoor and regular
soccer, and requested me to advise all of our franchises accordingly.
I informed him that any franchise wishing to relocate normally would
make that decision in July or August.

It was pointed out during my visit to Memphis, however, that a
group who had previously indicated an interest in acquiring an
NASL franchise is expected to make a commitment to acquire a
franchise in the MISL, for location in Memphis, by March 23.
The enclosed copy of an article published in the Memphis Commercial
Appeal on March 2, will provide you with additional information in
regard to the possibility of the MISL locating a franchise in Memphis.

Should any of you wish to discuss, in a confidential manner, with
Henry, the question of relocation of your franchise in Memphis
following the 1981 season, he can be reached by telephone at his
office number, 901-528-2586.

PW/psc
enclosure

cc: Henry Evans

MAR 9 1981

MISL Casting Eyes Toward Memphis

By RAY JORDAN

The Major Indoor Soccer League, perhaps sensing new vulnerability in the rival North American Soccer League, appears to be gearing up for a war of supremacy with the older league.

A group seeking to return pro soccer to Memphis is keenly monitoring the confrontation and will decide soon which side to line up with.

Indications that the MISL is ready to challenge the NASL head-on surfaced last week in Atlanta, where officials of the NASL Chiefs acknowledged they had talked with MISL representatives. The Chiefs were one of the NASL's indoor attendance leaders this winter, averaging more than 9,000. But the franchise has been a gate flop outdoors and is approaching the decisive season of a three-year trial period imposed by owners.

"We want to go into cities that we think can be successful and Atlanta is one of those," said Ed Tepper, MISL deputy commissioner and co-founder.

Tepper doesn't view the MISL's latest moves as an act of war. "We have never looked at the NASL as competition. In the arenas where we play, hockey and basketball are our competition."

He concedes, however, the NASL probably doesn't have the same light regard for the MISL. "I think the NASL is worried about us. They've been worried. But we're not worried. We look at it this way: We offer cities 22 dates in major arenas. The NASL offers eight or nine dates. Their concentration is on the outdoor games."

Tepper believes the NASL made a serious mistake when it decided to launch an indoor season two years ago. "It's difficult to do both. They should have put all their efforts into one direction. If they believe in outdoor soccer, that's where they should go."

Like the U.S. looking over its shoulder at a Russian army buildup, the NASL has seen its numerical superiority over the MISL dwindle. Bowing to financial strain, the NASL lopped off three franchises — Houston, Rochester and Washington — after the outdoor season last fall. Of the remaining 21 franchises, 19 competed indoors this season. MISL, meanwhile, expanded to 12 teams this season and promises more next winter.

The NASL has exhibited several areas of weakness. Friday, a month before the outdoor season will open, the league approved the transfer of the Detroit franchise to Washington. There were two other franchises shifts — Memphis to Calgary and Philadelphia to Montreal — following the outdoor season last fall. All that instability has tended to make the upstart MISL look more attractive to potential owners.

"We had a lot of people at our all-star game (Feb. 11 in New York) who were interested in obtaining franchises," Tepper said. One of those groups, he confirmed, was the Athletes In Action-affiliated group which is trying to land a team for Memphis.

"We think highly of that group," Tepper said. "But nothing was promised."

David Hannah, AIA national director and chief spokesman for the group interested in Memphis, said his associates will decide which league to pursue by March 28, date of an NASL exhibition at Memphis' Liberty Bowl. If it is the MISL, Hannah said, the group would seek an expansion franchise; if it is the NASL, the group would go after an established franchise.

Hannah said his group would make its decision based on which league offered the better chance for financial stability. Indications are that Hannah's group presently is tilting toward the MISL

for the same reasons as the Chiefs.

"The Chiefs have to decide whether they want to risk losing a large number of dollars playing both outdoor and indoor or possibly turning the corner financially playing indoor," Tepper said.

He said the MISL has no long-range plans to play an outdoor schedule because league officials are convinced pro soccer's future in the U.S. is indoors.

"I wouldn't be in it if I didn't think that was the trend."

Tepper, citing Memphis' support of the Memphis Rogues during the 1979-80 NASL indoor season, said the MISL has a favorable attitude toward the city.

"The size of your arena is not ideal," Tepper said of the Mid-South Coliseum, which seats slightly more than 9,000 for indoor soccer. "But I've been in touch with (coliseum manager E.E. 'Bubba') Bland and he tells me there's a possibility it might be expanded."

Tepper added, "If the right people came along and made an application for a franchise, we'd have to think very seriously about it."

### SOCCER NOTES
The Calgary Boomers sold former Memphis Rogue David Stride to the Minnesotan Kicks last week. Boomers general manager Rudi Schiffer said Stride and his wife were unhappy living in Canada... Don Wilkinson, president of Soccer For Memphis which is sponsoring the March 28 NASL exhibition between Calgary and Dallas, said almost 2,000 tickets were sold Friday when sales began... Steve Bradshaw, the Memphis Wooddale High graduate with the Boomers, is on a make-good contract. "He'll have to make the team in spring training," Schiffer said. "We've got three positions open for Americans and about five players are seeking them." The Boomers begin training March 12 in Santa Barbara, Calif.

North American Soccer League

Stephen A. Brenner, General Counsel

March 5, 1981

David Ginsburg, Esq.
Ginsburg, Feldman & Bress
1700 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006

Dear David:

This letter will serve to confirm our conversation of
yesterday afternoon during which I advised you that the
League's Detroit franchise was relocating to Washington, D.C.
Once again, I must apologize for not notifying either you or
Dr. Kissinger earlier regarding this franchise relocation.

This matter was not brought to the attention of the
League Office until last week. With the opening of our
season only 4 weeks away, it was critical that this pro-
posal be acted upon immediately. It was the belief of both
the ownership of the former Detroit franchise and the League's
Executive Committee that a soccer franchise was more viable
at this time in Washington than in Detroit.

I hope that this action has not interfered in any way
with plans which Dr. Kissinger may have regarding his option
rights. In order to avoid similar problems in the future,
I have forwarded a letter to the Directors and Alternate
Directors of each of the League's clubs to remind them of
certain of the rights which Dr. Kissinger has acquired. A
copy is enclosed for your reference.

Thank you again for your assistance.

SAB:pmp
Enclosure

cc: Dr. Henry Kissinger
Mr. Phil Woosnam

MAR 9 1981

1133 Avenue of the Americas. New York, NY 10036 / Tel: (212) 575-0066 / Cable: PROSOCCER NEWYORK / Telex: 12-6705

North American Soccer League

NASL

Phil Woosnam, Commissioner

HAND DELIVERED

March 4, 1981

Dear Kurt:

In response to your letter of March 2, requesting a reply to your letter of January 26, I must advise you that a letter was sent to Gene Edwards on February 10 in response. Upon hearing that Gene was not going to send a copy of that letter on to FIFA, another letter was sent to Gene on February 19, 1981, with a copy sent to FIFA. In both instances a copy was sent to you.

In the letter dated February 19, I requested a response from either FIFA and/or USSF by March 16, so that the NASL Executive Committee could review the entire situation with the representatives of the NASL clubs at a meeting in Chicago on March 19. It is our belief that FIFA should respond to our request for a complete technical study of the use of the 35 yard offside line and three substitutes throughout our 1981 season, by an appropriate technical group of people appointed by FIFA.

Earlier today, I forwarded to you a copy of the article published in the *New York Times* on March 3, which pointed out the problems faced by clubs at the professional level of soccer in West Germany, Italy and England. If clubs in those three countries, in addition to those in the North American Soccer League are saying there is a problem, I would have thought it was time for administrators to take notice. I am still hopeful that we will hear from FIFA and/or USSF before March 16, confirming that a technical study would be carried out in 1981 and/or a meeting could be held as soon as possible involving representatives of FIFA, USSF, CSA and NASL.

continued.....

MAR 9 1981

1133 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036 / Tel: (212) 575-0066 / Cable: PROSOCCER NEWYORK / Telex: 12-6705

HENRY A. KISSINGER

JAN 2 1980

Dear Mr. Brenner:

Thank you for informing me about the
proposed sale and relocation of the
Rochester franchise to Montreal. I
have no interest in exercising my op-
tion at this time and no objection to
the transfer.

Mr. Stephen A. Brenner
North American Soccer League
1133 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036

cc: David Ginsburg, Esq.

LAW OFFICES
GINSBURG, FELDMAN AND BRESS

1700 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N. W.
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20006

DAVID GINSBURG
MYER FELDMAN
J. W. ROSENTHAL
E. WILLIAM HENRY
JOHN H. ZENTAY
MARTIN JACOBS
JAMES E. WESNER
FRED W. DROGULA
MICHAEL I. SANDERS
RONALD P. WERTHEIM
JOEL S. BURTON
JAMES HAMILTON
ALFRED J. EICHENLAUB
RICHARD P. SILLS

DAVID G. BRESS (908-1976)

CABLE: "LEGIS"

TELEX: 89-2422

TELEPHONE
(202) 637-9000

August 6, 1979

PETER H. RODGERS
ANDREA JILL GRANT
JACOB DWECK
MARTHA JANE SHAY
BRUCE H. RABINOVITZ
ROBERT W. HAWKINS
JOSEPH E. RESENDE
DAVID J. FREEMAN
DAVID GALBRAITH
CELA ROADY
GARY J. KLEIN
PHILIP M. BATTLES, III
LAWRENCE P. KELLER
PAMELA C. KELLOGG
ALAN S. WEITZ
MARK M. LEVIN *
SCOTT W. STUCKY
GEOFFREY M. DUFFINE *
KATHRYN GIBBONS JOHNSON
GAIL B. TRACHTENBERG
PATRICIA N. BLAIR
GAYLE FORST
RICHARD A. COHN

* NOT ADMITTED IN D.C.

WRITER'S DIRECT DIAL NUMBER

(202) 637-9020

Mr. Robert R. Hermann
1708 So. Hanley Road
St. Louis, Missouri 63144

Dear Mr. Hermann:

This is with further reference to your letter dated May 23, 1979, addressed to Dr. Kissinger, which I acknowledged on June 8.

When I returned from Europe, Dr. Kissinger was still away; he's been so busy that I've only just been able to review the matter with him. Your letter was extremely thoughtful; I apologize for not being able to respond sooner.

As Steve Danzansky and Steve Brenner can tell you, we had extensive and detailed negotiations on the very points that you raise; both sides tried hard to address the problems in a rational and flexible way. As we finally worked it out (Para. 1.4), the 20-day notice can be given before the franchise owner concludes the transfer deal with a purchaser in the new city. The agreement requires only that the notice be given when the owner of an existing franchise "intends or seriously contemplates" transfer. It was only after a good deal of discussion and reflection that Dr. Kissinger agreed to accept notice while the franchise owner is seriously negotiating with one or more prospective purchasers even before a particular purchaser is finally identified. He accepted this language to minimize and, in most cases, avoid the exact problems to which you refer.

Even apart from the specific language of the agreement, you should understand that Dr. Kissinger certainly intends to do his best,

AUG 8 1979

GINSBURG, FELDMAN AND BRESS

Mr. Robert R. Hermann

August 6, 1979

Page 2

on a case-by-case basis, to help resolve any unforeseen problems
arising from the notice requirement. He has no desire to hinder
franchise transfers; if he's not interested, I doubt very much that
he'll take the full 20 days to respond.

Dr. Kissinger's basic objective in his association with the League
has been and remains to strengthen the League and to further the growth
and progress of soccer. He has specifically asked me to tell you that
he has no intention, particularly in view of his position as League
Chairman, to exercise his rights under the agreement so as to under-
cut what, for him, are important goals.

DG/cjs

cc: Stephen A. Brenner, Esq.

R. J. D. HARRIS
1201 S. STANLEY ROAD
St. Louis, Missouri 63144

May 23, 1979

Dear Dr. K.,

In behalf of the league I'd like to tell you how apprecia-
tive we are of your association with us as Chairman of
the North American Soccer League. Again this year we
have made excellent progress and are showing increases
in attendance which should be even more pronounced at
the end of the school year.

I wanted to discuss with you a practical problem which
has been pointed out regarding the paragraph in your con-
tract dealing with notification to you of a move by a
present owner to a new city. As your contract now reads,
you have 30 days to exercise your option for the new city
after the owner has negotiated the transfer and/or sale.

Examples of how this might create a problem are:

of all or part of the stock (as is almost always
the case), the prospective purchaser might change
his mind when he finds out about the thirty day
delay.

delay.

...If the thirty day period should come in November/
December - just when the league is finalizing the
next year's schedule, this would have to be delayed
until the thirty days is up which could possibly
cause a hardship to clubs in sale of season tickets,
etc.

As the reason for the thirty day time period was to make
certain all the remaining "good" cities weren't sold with-
out your knowledge, I propose the following which would
give you the protection we want you to have and at the
same time simplify the potential problems for the League
and present owners.

MAY 25 1979

Dr. Henry Kissinger

May 23, 1979

We would give you a list of the six largest/best vacant
cities which the league feels are most acceptable and
guarantee that not less than three of them would be avail-
able to you. If at any time there were fewer than three
cities on this list, the language in your present contract
would again prevail.

I really can't see any problem in the foreseeable future
as there are at least twelve good cities having no soccer
team at present. However, I feel this portion of your
contract should be rewritten now to forestall potential
difficulties. Let me hear from you as to whether this
is generally agreeable to you and we will draft a more
formal amendment to your contract.

I will look forward to hearing from you.

RRH/df

cc: Steve Brenner

ROBERT R. HERMANN

1750 SO. HANLEY ROAD
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63144

September 26, 1979

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Suite 520
1800 K Street, N. W.
Washington, D.C. 20006

Dear Dr. K.,

As per our conversation at the N.A.S.L. Awards
Dinner regarding notification to you of either
a change of city for a franchise or awarding of
a new one, following is a plan which should give
you the security you need and at the same time
be much easier for the league.

You will recall we presently must give you thirty
days notice of any change of city. We feel this
delay could cause us to lose a prospective pur-
chaser while he waits for your approval. As per
our discussion, we suggest this alternative:

We would keep you supplied with a list of the seven
largest cities acceptable to the league. We would
be free to delete one of the cities at any time
leaving you with six large acceptable cities. If
we begin to expand at some future date (which we
have no intention of doing at present), and the
number of "good" cities remaining was declining,
we could then go back to the present arrangement.

As you know, we are presently negotiating to move
Rochester to Montreal. We are very close to finaliz-
ing this, and the path has not been easy. I would
hate to have to hold this up for another thirty days
after we get all parties together.

OCT 1 1979

[L.C.]

NASL

Page 2
August 8, 1979

7. Number of tickets (or amount of revenue) facility is willing to guarantee.

8. Total stadium expenses, with a breakdown of rent, day of game expenses, municipal/state taxes, preparation of soccer playing field, etc.

9. Availability of facility for practice sessions and youth skills contests prior to Soccer Bowl.

10. Split of and projection of concession revenues.

11. Split of and projection of parking revenues.

12. Advertising and promotion plans of Soccer Bowl throughout the year--also degree of support to be given by city, media, business community, etc.

13. Press box facilities, seating, and communication services.

14. Radio and t.v. production facilities - location of booths and camera locations etc.

15. Lockerrooms for teams and officials.

The above items are not necessarily exclusive, and we should be interested in any other type of proposal which the club and/or stadium entity would like the League members to consider.

In addition to the staging of the championship game, we would like to be advised of the following arrangements regarding the site:

1. Availability of hotel and meeting rooms.

2. Approximate cost of rooms.

3. Availability of public transportation to stadium.

4. Press room capabilities at hotels.

5. Facilities for large receptions (over 1,000 persons).

August 8, 1979

FROM: Phil Woosnam

Re: 1979 NASL Awards Dinner

In an effort to prevent the misunderstanding which occurred over tables at last year's Awards Dinner, we have made provisions this year for every club to have a table of ten seats at the 1979 Awards Dinner. Payment for tables allocated to the clubs will be taken out of this year's playoff funds.

The Dinner will be held this year at the Waldorf-Astoria on Thursday, September 6th. Cocktails will begin at 6:30pm in the Jade/Astor Salon with dinner at 7:30pm in the Grand Ballroom.

Other tables are on sale to our sponsors and approximately 400 seats must be made available free of charge to dignitaries, award winners, and the media. The cost of tables available to major companies and private individuals is $1,500 ($150 a plate).

Enclosed with each Club Contact's copy of this memo is a form to be filled out and returned to Edie Whiting by Monday, August 20. Please provide your Club Contact with the names of those persons attending the function who you would like seated at your table. The League Office will use its discretion to place other guests at any extra seats at your table. It is imperative though that we know exactly who is coming so that dinner tickets can be distributed.

If any club would like additional seats at a cost of $150 or a table for ten at $1500, please call Edie. She will send you the forms to be returned directly to the agency handling the dinner.

cc: Edie Whiting
Steve Senatore
Soccer Bowl Club Contacts

Introduction

No other sport has so captured the world's attention as soccer. Association football, or football, as it is known just about everywhere, is the preeminent game in over 160 countries, territories, and principalities, and its popularity continues to grow. Almost 20 million players around the world are registered with official governing bodies, and over 275,000 clubs participate in authorized leagues and tournaments. A billion people on six continents watched the most recent World Championship on television. In some parts of the world, its popularity is matched by other games of long standing--field hockey in India and Pakistan, cricket in the British Caribbean, and baseball in the Spanish Caribbean--and it still lags behind other types of football in Australia and New Zealand, but soccer is firmly established in these areas as well. In the United States and Canada, its status is rising year by year, and by the mid-1980s it will surely take its place among North America's top sporting institutions.

The legendary popularity of soccer is derived from the game's potency as a social force, especially in Europe and Latin America. In the past, most Americans and Canadians have viewed soccer as a kind of peasant foreign intrigue, and the first thought of soccer to pop into their minds has been that of a South American mob sacking the archrival's local consulate after a match. As Americans and Canadians have gained increased exposure to the game, and especially since the arrival of Pele in the United States in 1975, this image has subsided, though, in fact, it contains an element of truth. An historical understanding of the passionate rituals attendant to the game helps to explain the legend of fútbol hysteria and put it into perspective.

The birthplace of soccer as we know it was the England of the late industrial revolution. Though the game had earlier been developed and codified by upper-class students and university graduates, its evolution into a popular

[Lc]

sport was the work of laborers, coal miners, and textile workers in the English North and Midlands. By 1888, when the first league was formed, working- and middle-class values had replaced those of the gentlemanly sportsmen who had governed English soccer since the founding of The Football Association in 1863. The deposed Victorian gentlemen, finding their amateur ideals brushed aside by the adoption of professionalism, turned to rugby and other more acceptable pastimes. The game now lay open to a vast and impoverished population.

The growth of soccer coincided with Britain's zenith as a colonial power. Since it required little more than a ball or round object to kick, it was easily exported to the far reaches of the empire and other ports of call by sailors, engineers, technicians, and missionaries, and by 1880 soccer had been introduced in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. It was played exclusively by the British at first, but gradually, as the British and indigenous populations interacted, it was adopted by local residents as well. Wherever the presence of the British--and later the French, Spanish, and Portuguese--was strong and a large segment of the local population poor and hungry for diversion, soccer gained a foothold.

The birth of soccer in Czarist Russia typically illustrates the exportation of English football to the four corners of the globe. In 1887, a British cotton mill opened outside Moscow at the invitation of the Russian government. Unskilled jobs at the factory were doled out to local laborers, but the managers remained entirely British. To while away management's tedious leisure hours, the directors imported a soccer ball from England, and a handful of teams were organized. When the workers expressed an interest in learning the English game, another ball was ordered from London, and before long the Russians too were playing in the mire near the factory gates, using a pair of fence posts for a goal. Barred from playing on management teams, the workers eventually formed their own. The pattern was repeated at other factories under British ownership, and a league of factory teams was introduced. Morozov, as the team representing the cotton mill was called, went on to become the best in the league, winning a

[Lc]

large following. Thirty years later, under the new Soviet government, it was
adopted as the official club of the electrical workers' union under a new name,
Dinamo Moscow, and is now the most famous club in Russian soccer.

This pattern--the key to understanding the game's unique position in the
world of sports--was followed until the post-World War II era. Factory workers
and miners from Sweden to Bolivia were drawn to the same qualities that had
earlier attracted British workers: simplicity, low cost, and the possibility
for self expression. Smoky centers of European commerce and industry--Lancashire,
Glasgow, Budapest, Prague, Vienna, Genoa, Madrid, and others--became the first
hotbeds of soccer activity. Their clubs dominated early league and cup compe-
titions, and to this day remain among the most hallowed in the game. The magic
of their names ultimately surpassed anything known in the American experience,
though perhaps the old Brooklyn Dodgers-New York Yankees rivalry came close. The
likes of Preston North End, Celtic and Rangers, Ferencváros, Sparta Prague, Rapid
Vienna, Genoa F.C., and Real Madrid were--and still are--major cultural institu-
tions and the focus of a life style whose horizons seldom went beyond city
boundaries. Memberships were sold to the general public, teams in a dozen or
more sports (with soccer always at the center) were sponsored, and loyal fans
were turned into devoted participants in the competitive process.

Between 1888 (the founding of The Football League in England) and 1933
(when professionalism was sanctioned in Brazil), the game rose in stature from
a simple diversion to mass ritual. Crowds of 100,000 or more spectators attended
weekend matches in London as early as 1901. Partisanship and club loyalties
became a serious matter, providing a rallying point around which individuals
developed a keen sense of identification. In some cases, loyalties were divided
along ethnic or religious lines, and bitter rivalries that have continued to
retain their old flavor even today were born. The most notorious of these are
Scotland's Celtic (Roman Catholic) vs. Rangers (Protestant), Spain's Real Madrid

[Lc]

(Castilian) vs. Barcelona (Catalan), and Peru's Alianza Lima (black and mestizo) vs. Universitario Lima (Creole), but others have existed in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Argentina, Brazil, and several countries in Africa.

In South America, where the industrial revolution of the 19th century made little impact, the familiar pattern of growth was intensified by an unabashed Latin style. The entire region, except those countries that fell mainly under the influence of the United States, latched onto the new game like a magnet. Argentina, in fact, was the first country other than Great Britain to introduce a league. Buenos Aires and Montevideo became the soccer capitals of the western hemisphere, and remained so until Brazil came to prominence in the 1930s. In Brazil, the game permeated every fabric of society. Clubs were founded in the most obscure corner of the Amazon basin as early as 1919, and a new word was added to the Brazilian dialect: *futebolistico* ("supreme football," e.g., that of Friedenreich or Pelé). With the World Championship of 1938, it became evident that Brazil would someday hold a special place in soccer history--and that it has. The mystical quality of their style, their depth of talent, the honorable status of the game at the very center of Brazilian culture, and the unparalleled success of their national teams in the World Championship have all contributed to the Brazilian legend. Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyse has explained it in classical terms: "It can well be said that a peculiarly Brazilian style of playing has evolved, which displays the talents of a colorful population. It is not responsible to the formalism of Apollo but is open to the movement of Dionysus."

In Africa, public interest in soccer intensified after World War II, and several world class African stars have already played for major clubs in Europe. Large and fanatical crowds have been filling stadiums in Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco for decades, and Sudan, Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, and Zaire have emerged as Africa's great powers. In Asia, this intensity can also be seen in Singapore and Hong Kong, and to a certain degree in Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea, Indonesia, and India. Soccer has even grown by leaps and bounds--quite literally--on the islands of Oceania, the game's newest horizon.

[L.C.]

What, then, of soccer in the United States and Canada? According to the present structure of FIFA, the world governing body, the game in North America is administered with that of Central America and the Caribbean (known collectively as CONCACAF). For decades, the runaway powerhouse of this region has been Mexico, with flashes of success achieved by Costa Rica, Cuba, and Haiti. All questions about gradual shifts of power in CONCACAF have been overshadowed in recent years by the shock waves rippling from the North American Soccer League (NASL), as dozens of world famous stars have been lured away from Europe and South America by vast sums of American money. This trend, in addition to a series of controversial rule changes adopted in the NASL, has put the United States and Canada on the soccer map. The entrance of American capital into the world soccer market and the potential leverage that may be gained from its economic power--both in the transfer market and in pressuring FIFA to make controversial changes in the laws of the game--is viewed abroad as a possible threat to the game's stability. Meanwhile, success on the international playing field continues to elude the United States and Canada, where officials point optimistically to the burgeoning youth soccer movement. In spite of the upward trend, the best analysis would indicate that American and Canadian national teams now rank about 40th or 50th in the world out of a possible 145.

International controversies--whether economic, legal, or political--have been part of the world soccer scene for decades. Soccer first became a scapegoat for international diplomacy during the Balkan Wars of the pre-World War I era, when the frightened Ottoman rulers of Turkey suppressed teams of Greek and Bulgarian students on the grounds that student gatherings might develop into organized revolutionary activity. Countless other examples have followed. In 1920, the four British football associations withdrew from FIFA over the issue of Germany's membership, and they were not persuaded to come back until four years later. The USSR's 30-year political and cultural isolation from the rest of the world following the October Revolution was ultimately broken by the reaffiliation of its soccer

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federation with FIFA in 1946; this in turn led to the Soviets rejoining the Olympic movement and an eventual opening up of cultural links with the West.

Since World War II, soccer has become a major conduit for militant or benevolent political expression in new ways: the murder in 1955 of a Communist battalion by rival Karen insurgents in Burma on the pretext of a soccer game; the refusal in 1957 by Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia to allow South African participation in the new African Football Confederation as a protest against the latter's racial policies; the so-called "Fútbol War" in 1969 between El Salvador and Guatemala, which was sparked (though not caused) by soccer matches between the two national teams; the famous cease fire during the Biafran civil war in 1969 that Peié could visit both sides of the front; the rise of soccer in the oil-rich Persian Gulf states during the 1970s as a means of gaining further international recognition and prestige; the perennial FIFA and Asian Football Confederation membership battles involving the two Chinas and Israel; the assassination by guerrillas in 1976 of the president of the Argentine World Cup Organizing Committee; and, the most common example of all, refusals to engage political enemies on the playing field.

Soccer has also been a vehicle for reconciliation between nations, and its pervasive influence the world over has sometimes achieved rare moments of unity. International cooperation and excitement reach their highest level with the unfolding of traditional competitions. The greatest of these, the World Championship, or World Cup, is staged every four years midway between Olympiads, and brings together the community of nations in a common goal unlike any other event, including the Olympics.

The insatiable desire of soccer players everywhere to compete on an international scale has produced a host of quaint, if not curious, competitions. One, the Seven Seas Football Series, is a "world football championship at sea," contested by teams representing ocean-going vessels from over 60 nations. In one recent edition, 975 ships took part, and every continent was represented. The scheduling of these

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games demands extraordinary planning on a global scale, but incredibly, the series is completed each year. Norwegian teams have recently dominated the competition, and the Norwegian Football Association has expressed the hope that "the victories will set an example for Norwegian football ashore."

The cultural and political significance of a sport so widely accepted is a subject of endless fascination, and, indeed, the game's statistics are staggering. It is clear that soccer is an important social force and diplomatic tool, and it has unified groups of people or nations as an embodiment of collective pride, but these considerations mask others that are equally intriguing. To the individual, there is a more intimate response to the game--an aesthetic, or intuitive, urge rather than the learned response of a citizen, comrade, or fan-- and this aspect of soccer's popularity brings us to the delicate question of sport and art and the inseparability of the two. From ancient times to the present, men and women have relied on sports, no less than the arts, to release their creative energy. The presence of studio arts, music, architecture--and ball games--in all advanced cultures has affirmed people's essential desire to express themselves.

The fine distinctions that separate art from sport have become clearer since the earliest known football game, *tsu chu*, was played in ancient China. The creative act of playing skillfully with a ball was viewed by the Chinese as little more than artistic expression--an outpouring of joy on the occasion of the emperor's birthday. Ball juggling exercises in ancient Egypt, perhaps the earliest forerunner of modern football games, were indistinguishable from sculpture and painting as artistic expressions of their day.

In our own time, soccer encompasses such a broad range of characteristics --strength and delicacy, power and subtlety, speed and caution--that it sometimes appears to bridge the gap we have fashioned between art and sport over the centuries.

Vladimir Beara, Yugoslavia's great goalkeeper during the 1950s, was a ballet master at the Belgrade Opera, and Bela Guttmann, the famous manager of Honved and Benfica, had been a dancing master until he turned to soccer. And who would deny that Garrincha, the "Little Bird," dribbling down the right wing resembles the movements of the samba, his native Brazilian dance.

To watch one's favorite team dominate the opposition or win an important game is a familiar source of satisfaction, but the private pleasure--the aesthetic response --in watching an accomplished ball artist dazzle our senses in a fleeting image is an uncommon experience. Appreciating the versatility displayed in a great game or by an individual player with complete skills such as Alfredo Di Stefano is much like listening to a symphony by one of the 19th-century masters. There are movements of depth, lyricism, dance, and quickness in either case. As the Hungarian soccer proverb says: "A team must contain people who can carry a piano, and others who can play it." Soccer is unique in having a form, rhythm, and harmony of such scope.

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showing ever. After losing a semi-final match to India, 3-0, the Afghan team advanced as far as the third place match against Japan but fell short of winning a bronze medal by a score of 2-0. In the 25 years since, Afghanistan has not fared as well in the Asian Games, and it has not played in the final rounds of any Asian Cup competition. Nor have Afghan clubs participated in the final rounds of Asian Champions' Team Cup, though the number of registered players has increased seven times since World War II, and it is one of the few Asian countries with any players of non-amateur status. There is little doubt that the interest displayed by Afghans since British soldiers and residents introduced the game during the aftermath of World War I has resulted in a high degree of organization and enthusiasm, especially among the important ethnic groups, Pushtun and Tajik.

## Africa

See: African Football Confederation

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## slug-african cup of champion clubs

### African Cup of Champion Clubs

Coupe d'Afrique des Clubs Champions.
The African club championship was introduced in 1964, by which time the success of the African Nations' Cup was assured and the number of new members in the African Football Confederation (CAF) was growing rapidly. The domestic champions of each member nation of the CAF are invited annually to play for the Kwame Nkrumah Trophy, named for the former President of Ghana. All rounds, including the Final, are played on a home and away knock out basis.

The series has been dominated almost entirely by clubs from the sub-Saharan regions of the continent, though Arab North African clubs appeared to be coming into their own by the mid-1970s. Two clubs, Zaire's Englebert Lumbumbashi (later renamed Tout-Puissant Mazembe) and Guinea's Hafia de Conakry, have won the title twice. Englebert was also a losing finalist twice and established a dynasty of sorts during the late 1960s. While Ghana's Kotoko Kumasi, on the other hand, has won a single championship, it has managed to reach the final five times in a 12-year period. Two countries have produced more than one winner: Zaire (Englebert and Vita Kinshasa) and Cameroon (Oryx de douala and Canon de Yaounde). Egypt's Ismaili, Ivory Coast's ASEC Abidjan, and Nigeria's Rangers Club also rank high on the list of all-time successful clubs.

The series is usually played between February and December. In 1977, 26 countries took part in the competition, the newest being Mauritania. Of the 36 members of the CAF, only Mauritius and Morocco (the latter a continental power to be reckoned with), have not yet participated, and the competitions have never included all 34 others of the same time. Only newly independent state, Guinea-Bissau, entered champion teams in 1976 and 1977 without having acquired full membership in the CAF. Expelled FIFA member South Africa and suspended FIFA member Rhodesia have never been seriously considered as participants, and Chad did not participate before its expulsion from FIFA in 1971.

### Winners:

* 1964 Oryx de Douala (Cameroon)

* 1965 no competition

* 1966 Stade d'Abidjan (Ivory Coast)

* 1967 Englebert Lumbumbashi (Congo-

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* Mseto Sports—Green Buffaloes (Zambia)

* Rangers Club (Nigeria)—Express

* Omnisport Lomé I (Togo)—Jaraafs

* Djoliba—Hafia de Conakry (Guinea)

* ASEC Abidjan (Ivory Coast)—Silures

* Kotoko—Renaissance Aiglons

0-1, 2-3

0-0, 2-2

1-1, 0-1

2-1, 0-2

2-0, 2-0

1-0, 1-2

Quarter-Finals

* Mouloudia Chalia—Luo Union F.C.

* Green Buffaloes—Rangers Club

* Jaraafs—Hafia de Conakry

* Kotoko—ASEC Abidjan

6-3, 1-0

3-1, 0-3

2-2, 0-4

2-1, 0-1

Semi-Finals

* Rangers Club—Mouloudia Chalia

* ASEC Abidjan—Hafia de Conakry

2-0, 0-3

3-0, 0-5

Final

* Hafia de Conakry—Mouloudia Chalia

(Mouloudia Chalia won on penalty kicks)

3-0, 0-3

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## African Cup of Nations

Coupe d'Afrique des nations.

Introduced in 1957, the biannual African Nations' Cup is the world's third oldest continental championship for national teams. It has been dominated primarily by Egypt, Sudan, Ghana, and Zaire, but in recent years it has become apparent that no single nation can claim absolute preeminence. Ehtiopia, Ivory Coast, and the Congo have been strong secondary powers, while Nigeria, Cameroon, and Guinea, whose leading clubs have been prominent in international club competition, have not yet approached the front rank in Nations' Cup competition.

The stature of this series among African national associations, players, and spectators is very high. With the lone exception of 1976, when the African Football Confederation (CAF) experimented with an anticlimactic league system, all editions have been played according to the same elimination procedures that are found in the World Cup and European Football Championship, i.e., qualification rounds followed by elimination rounds, semi-finals, and a Final. In case of a draw during qualification or elimination rounds, the away goals rule applied: If there is still a draw, penalty kicks are taken. A three-time winner retains permanent possession of the trophy. The host country and holders automatically qualify for the final rounds.

1957. With only four countries participating, Khartoum was chosen as the site of the first cup and the first CAF Congress in 1957. Egypt was still in the throes of war, while Ethiopia had no suitable stadiums, and South Africa was barred from entering because it intended to field a team without blacks. The Sudan Football Association rose to the occasion, and the tournament was carried off successfully. A new stadium for 30,000 spectators was built, and Egypt and Ethiopia were enthusiastically invited to celebrate Sudan's independence, barely one-year-old. Egypt, which for over 30 years had been Africa's most advanced soccer nation, won both its matches and was declared the first winner of the cup. The respected leader of the Egyptian team was 21-year-old right half Rifaat Al-Fanaguili, who would later be offered hefty signing on fees by Barcelona and A. C. Milan. But the undisputed hero was Egyptian inside right Ab-Diba, who scored five of Egypt's six goals, including all four against Ethiopia. Fanaguili's home club throughout his career as Al-Ahli of Cairo; Ab-Diba played for Union Alexandria.

1969. The second competition took place in Cairo at the giant stadium of Al-Ahli, but again only three countries were entered, as

most of sub-Saharan and French North Africa had yet to achieve independence, and South Africa was out of favor even more than it had been before. The growing power of Nasser's new United Arab Republic as a political force buried Ethiopia's chances of staging the second tournament, though no one could claim to be more responsible or eager to contribute to the growth of African soccer than the Ethiopian Football Federation. Unlike the first cup, each of the participants played the others once, and the winner was decided strictly on a point system. Egypt again emerged victorious with two wins, though among the leading players of 1957, only Fanaguili had returned. Egypt's inside forward Gohri was high scorer with a hat trick against Ethiopia, but the major attraction was Egyptian idol Salah Selim, the center forward of both Egypt and Al-Ahli, whose total number of international appearances were said to reach over 100 before he joined Sturm Graz of Austria in 1962. New CAF members Ghana, Nigeria, and Uganda declined to participate while the South African question was still under review.

1962. The widespread political upheavals caused by independence of former colonies in the early 1960s forced a delay of the third Nations' Cup until January 1962. Ethiopia was selected as the host country, and the proud Ethiopian Football Federation unveiled its remodeled Haile-Selassie Stadium, which had originally been constructed in 1955. Sudan, still affected by the military coup of 1958, declined to participate, but Uganda and Tunisia entered for the first time. The final saw the host team upset Egypt by 4-2 in extra time. It was one of the most exciting finals in the history of the cup. With the Emperer himself in the stands, Ethiopia put so much pressure on Egypt's defense during the overtime period that 11 defensive players could often be seen hovering in front of Egypt's goal. Ethiopia's captain, Luciano Vassalo, was the hero of the tournament, but the greatest credit should have gone to Tunisia, most of whose team arrived in Addis Ababa suffering from malaria after a tour of Nigeria. Ethiopia surfaced from the 1962 Nations' Cup as the most complete and best prepared national team in Africa, and the recently independent black African states, in the form of Uganda, began slowly to enter the mainstream of African soccer.

1963. In an effort to maintain their original biennial schedule, the CAF scheduled the fourth edition of the cup for November 1963. Ghana was chosen as the host country, and for the first time the opening round was held in two cities (Accra and Kumasi). The competition was dominated by the zealous spirit of Ghana's national team, the Black Stars, which emerged as the finest group of players yet seen in Africa. Their fiery center

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forward, Wilberforce Mfum, whom African journalists likened to Scottish idol Denis law, led the Black Stars to victory in the final over Sudan. Nigeria was the only new entry, other than Ghana, but the Green Eagles conceded the worst record in the competition. Egypt was still led by the invincible Fanaguli, and narrowly missed advancing to the final on goal average. It was generally agreed that the level of play as a whole was higher than in any previous edition of the cup.

1965. The fifth Nations' Cup, held in Tunis, marked the real beginning of sub-Saharan participation in the competition. Egypt refused to enter, having broken off relations with Tunisia, and at the last minute Sudan followed suit. Senegal, Ivory Coast, and Congo-Leopoldville entered for the first time, and the CAF grouped three of the black African teams together in the opening round. Despite a complete change in their lineup, the Black Stars of Ghana were touted as not-so-strong favorites, with host team Tunisia given a strong change. Senegal, relatively unknown in most parts of the continent, was the surprise of the tournament. Excluded from the final by the slimmest of goal averages, they drew with Tunisia, and crushed Ethiopia before losing their confidence in a third place defeat at the hands of Ivory Coast. In the final, Ghana won its second trophy in succession of defeating Tunisia in extra time. The hero was outside left Frank Odoi, who slipped the ball into the net from a Kofi Pare corner kick for the winning goal.

1967. The 1967 Nations' Cup was delayed until January 1968. The host was again Ethiopia, but the opening rounds were played in Eritrea's largest city, Asmara, as well as Addis Ababa. The two new entrants were Algeria, perennially under the shadow of Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco in North African soccer, and Congo-Brazzaville. With the defensive tactics of Europe otherwise infiltrating the African game, Senegal and Ethiopia shined brightly as attractive, attacking teams, and astute observers were saddened when these two were not able to face each other during the course of the competition. In the end, it was the most defensive-minded of the participants, Congo-Kinshasa (later Zaire), who won the cup with a team selected almost entirely from Englebert Lumbumbashi, the African club champions. The victory was achieved with a 1-0 win over Ghana. In the third place game, the spectacular Ivory Coast avenged their earlier loss to Ethiopia. Congo-Brazzaville and Uganda were the weakest teams on the field, and Algeria appeared to be noticeably affected by the high altitude of Ethiopia's capital city.

1970. The competition returned to the Sudan. Two locations were chosen to host the opening round: Khartoum, the grand capital, and Wad Medani, a cotton producing center

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African cup of nations tape 2

1972. The eighth edition of the cup is fondly remembered for its abundance of great international stars. There was Cameroon's Tokoto, Mali's Salif Keita, and the Congo's M'Péle, as well as the Moroccan national idol, Ahmed Faras; all excelled for their respective teams. Emergent soccer power Cameroon, whose champion club, Canon de Yaoundé, had won the African club championship the year before, was the host country. The chosen sites, two omnisport stadiums in Yaoundé and Douala, were the largest and most modern in central Africa. Morocco, Africa's representative in the 1970 World Cup, Mali, Togo, and Kenya reached the final rounds for the first time, though only Mali achieved success.

In one of Africa's most bitter rivalries, the Congo succumbed to a shutout by Zaire after numerous clashes both on and off the field, but in the semi-finals Mali slipped by Zaire on an overtime goal by striker Fantamady Keita, and the possibility of a second meeting between the Congo and Zaire in the final was thwarted. In the other semi-final, perhaps the most tense of the competition, Cameroon lost to the Congo's Red Devils by 1-0, and a pall fell over the host country. Mali, Africa's first great Cinderella team, was its own victim in the final against the Congo. Three quick Congolese goals after the half put the game away, and Brazzaville became the capital of African soccer for the first time. It was also the first and only time that all four semi-finalists were countries from south of the Sahara.

1974. The competition returned to Cairo where the highly-touted Leopards of Zaire would seek to unseat their Congolese rivals. There were two new finalists: Zambia, an emerging power from southern Africa, and little Mauritius, otherwise known as the Islanders, who escaped from qualification rounds to enter the final pack of eight. Egypt, the host country, was still feeling the effects of the Yom Kippur War five months after the fact, and two weeks before opening ceremonies, 49 spectators had been trampled to death in a tragic stampede at Zamalek Stadium in Cairo. The tension this accident caused lingered among the football masses. As a result, Egyptian authorities publicly discouraged fans from attending Nations' Cup games.

Zaire, who had already qualified for Africa's berth in the 1974 World Cup by defeating Zambia twice, now faced Zambia again in the Nations' Cup final. The magnificent Nasser Stadium provided a fair setting, but the gloom of recent events still pervaded the atmosphere. In the final, the score stood at 1-1 at the end of regulation time. Three minutes before the end of extra time Zaire's Ndaye scored his second goal to put his team ahead; but, in the 120th minute, Zaire's goalkeeper

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was accidentally screened by his defense from a strong cross by Zambian left wing Sinyangwe, and the ball hit the net to tie the score and force a replay. Two days later, Zaire and Zambia squared off again, but this time Zambia's defense was less solid and Zaire's attack more vigorous, and Ndaye's two goals brought the trophy once again to Zaire.

1976. The trophy returned to North Africa, and Ethiopia, fulfilling its role as the diplomatic center of the continent, played host for a record third time. The chosen venues were Addis Ababa and a new location, Dire Dawe, since the 1967 site of Asmara was now embroiled in the Eritrean civil war. Twenty-four nations, another record, attempted to qualify for the final rounds. Frightened by the potential violence of the Egyptian situation in 1974, the CAF decided to structure the finals on a league basis, eliminating the need for semi-finals and a final. The results at the box office were a disaster, and unfortunately, Ethiopia itself did not qualify for the final loop. There were no new countries in the final rounds, and Guinea and Morocco won their opening groups, followed by Egypt and Nigeria. In the final round robin, Morocco and Guinea drew in the last game of the competition to give Morocco the edge on points and its first Nations' Cup. Morocco's deserving victory was sadly marred by the anticlimactic format in which it was won, and the CAF announced immediately that in the 1978 Nations' Cup in Ghana and the 1980 edition in Senegal, the old knockout format would be revived.

## Winners

1957 Egypt

1959 Egypt

1962 Ethiopia

1963 Ghana

1965 Ghana

1968 Congo-Kinshasa

1970 Sudan

1972 Congo

1974 Zaire

1976 Morocco

## Cumulative Ranking (1957-76)*

(number of editions in parentheses)

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>P</th><th>W</th><th>D</th><th>L</th><th>F</th><th>A</th><th>P</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1. Egypt (7)</td><td>25</td><td>15</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>59</td><td>34</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>2. Ghana (4)</td><td>16</td><td>10</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>35</td><td>18</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>3. Zaire (6)</td><td>24</td><td>9</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>40</td><td>43</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>4. Sudan (6)</td><td>17</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>24</td><td>22</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>5. Ivory Coast (4)</td><td>16</td><td>7</td><td>2</td><td>8</td><td>27</td><td>24</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>6. Ethiopia (7)</td><td>21</td><td>7</td><td>1</td><td>13</td><td>28</td><td>50</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>7. Guinea (3)</td><td>12</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>19</td><td>18</td><td>14</td></tr></tbody></table>

[LJ]

The African Football Confederation

Address: 5 Shareh Gabalaya, Guezira, Cairo, Egypt.

Members: Algeria, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Congo, Egypt
Arab Republic, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malwai, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Tunisia, Uganda, Upper Volta, Zaire, Zambia. Affiliated clubs: 8,056; registered
players: 361,695.

Founded in 1956 when the Egyptian delegate to the FIFA Congress in Lisbon proposed the formation of an African confederation. The four existing African members of FIFA—Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, and South Africa— were charter members. In 1957, when Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia organized the first African Cup of Nations in Khartoum, the all-white South African delegation was barred from participating, and the South African association was subsequently expelled from the new confederation. The African Football Confederation/Confederation africaine de football (CAF) was officially established in Khartoum during the 1957 Nation's Cup. It was the first major international organization of any kind formed by independent African states. The founding of the Organization of African Unity at Addis Ababa in 1963 was to some extent an outgrowth of the momentum created by the fourth CAF Congress, which was held in the Ethiopian capital at the same time.

Twenty-four countries were affiliated by the early 1960s. It now has the largest membership of any continental confederation (36), and many new members are due in the near future: Seychelles, Djibouti, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, and Cape Verdes. Botswana's and Swaziland's memberships are imminent. Chad (a former member of FIFA until it was expelled for not paying dues), Rwanda, and Equatorial Guinea, however, are not expected to seek affiliation until well into the 1980s. South Africa's ostracization has remained constant, but Rhodesia's exclusion will be subject to the transition to majority rule.

The CAF is responsible for the biannual African Cup of Nations, African Champions' Cup, African Cup Winners' Cup, the African Junior Tournament, and the soccer competition of the African Games. A peculiarity of African soccer is the presence of several unofficial regional confederations, which the CAF has encouraged as an aid in organizing the interests of developing soccer countries. These organizations include the West African Football Union (1975), East African Football Confederation (1965), East and Central African Football Confederation, and the older North African Magreb Football Confederation.

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## African Footballer of the Year

"Le Ballon d'Or D'Afrique", like its European counterpart, is an award sponsored by the French weekly *France Football* (African Edition). It is presented annually to the best African player of the year by a vote of *France Football's* African correspondents.

### Winners

* 1970 Salif Keita (Mali)

* 1971 Ibrahim Sunday (Ghana)

* 1972 Cherif Souleymane (Guinea)

* 1973 Bwanga Tshimen (Zaire)

* 1974 Paul Moukila (Congo)

* 1975 Ahmed Faras (Morocco)

* 1976 Roger Milla (Cameroon)

* 1977 Dhiab Tarek (Morocco)

## African Games, Football Tournament of the

### Tournoi Football des Jeux Africains.

The African Games, all amateur and based on the Olympic model, are an outgrowth of the Friendship Games, which were introduced in 1960 for all French-speaking nations of the world. The three editions of the Friendship Games were all held in Africa (Tananarive in 1960, Abidjan in 1961, and Dakar in 1963), and were eventually reconstituted as the African Games in 1965. The football tournament has sometimes conflicted with the more important African Nations' Cup, but it has remained significant in many countries.

### Winners:

* 1965 (in Brazzaville) Congo-Brazzaville

* 1973 (in Lagos) Nigeria

* 1976 (in Algiers)

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# slug - Albania

## Albania

Fédération Albanaise de Football

Rruga Kongresi I Permetit Nr. 41

TiranaUEFA: 1954

Founded: 1932

FIFA: 1932

Affiliated clubs: 33; registered players: 4,070; national stadium: Qemal Stafa, Tirana (24,000); largest stadium: Qemal Stafa; colors: red jerseys, black shorts; season: September to June; honors: Balkan Cup winner (1946).

The very fact of Albania's participation in European soccer, sporadic though it has been, is the most intriguing aspect of the Albanian game. In recent years, soccer has provided most of the fleeting glimpses that western countries have had of this barricaded Balkan state. It is without doubt the odd man out in Europe, but certain periods in the growth of Albanian soccer have revealed a serious national interest in the sport.

Soccer was introduced in Albania at the turn of the century by a variety of foreign residents, but Albanians themselves played the game very little before World War I. As in other parts of the Ottoman Empire, their Turkish rulers forbid its inclusion into the social order, and it was left to foreign residents in Tirana to form the first league around 1909. Albanians did not participate in the league, nor were they members of its affiliated clubs. With the demise of Ottoman rule in 1912, the new principality was ravaged by war and anarchy, and again the game was not able to gain a foothold.

At the close of World War I, however, occupation forces, especially the British, revived interest, and Albanians quickly took to soccer and other sports as they shook off the legacy of Turkish domination. During the 1920s the game spread rapidly. With the accession to power of Kin Zog in the coup of 1928, organized sport became government policy, and the Albanian Football Association was founded in 1932, two years after Formation of the Albanian Sports Federation. The local leagues that had sprung up during the 1920s were structured into a national league, and a leading club, SC Tirana, emerged to dominate the next decade. Plans were made to enter the qualifying rounds of the 1938 World Cup, and for a while it seemed Albanian soccer was on the verge of entering the mainstream of Europe. Administrative difficulties, however, beset the league after 1936, and all

ALBANIA

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hope of advancement was ended by the Italian occupation in 1939. Until the end of World War II the game stagnated in a state of disarray with Albania yet to make its international debut.

The People's Democracy, established in 1946, immediately set out to put the game on a firm footing, and had as its motivating force a new community of neighbors in the Balkan region. Given the Balkan Cup of 1946 to host, the Albanian national team opportunistically finished on top of the standings, despite a 3-2 loss to Yugoslavia, with wins over Bulgaria (3-1) and Rumania (1-0). This was Albania's first foray into international competition, and it remains to date its only high placing in an international tournament. Between 1947 and 1953, Albania regularly played against all the nations of Eastern Europe, other than the USSR, gaining victories over Rumania, Bulgaria, Poland, and Czechoslovakia twice, while drawing five and losing nine during the same period. The relative progress of Albania's development, however, was put into perspective in 1950 when the Magnificent Magyars of Hungary waon by 12-0 in Budapest on 5 goals from Puskas, and lowly rumania crushed them 6-0 in Bucharest two weeks later. There must have been some consolation in its two wins over the powerful Czechs in 1952, but by the mid-1950s, Albania had begun its long, self-conscious exile.

On the field, a pattern of defensive play had already become characteristic of the Albanians, (against the Czechs for example), and the few existing western accounts of domestic competition points to this as well. In Albania's 22 internationals before 1954, only 21 goals were scored by Albanian players. Indeed, the pattern has remained consistent. Only 19 Albanian goals have resulted in the 27 internationals *since* 1954. The most prolific Albanian international of all time, Panajotis Panou, has scored only 11 goals in his record number of 40 international appearances.

From 1954 to the early 1960s, Albania remained almost totally isolated from international competition, although there was one game with the German Democratic Republic in 1958 at Tirana (1-1), and a selection from the People's Republic of China visited Tirana as early as 1961. In 1965, it made its first attempt to qualify for the World Cup, but its hard, defensive tactics were badly received, and in 1967 Albania's application for the next qualifying rounds was filed too late to be accepted. A surprising breakthrough, however, occured in 1962 when the national association entered its champion, Partizan Tirana, in the European Cup, and its national team in the European Nations' Cup. Partizan lost in the first round to IFK Norrköping of Sweden, and once again western observers who traveled to Tirana for Partizan's home leg complained of rough tactics on the field and hostile crowd behavior. Albanian champions

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went on to enter three successive European Cup competitions.

In the Nations' Cup of 1962-64, first round opponent Greece refused to play the team, and in the second round Denmark won by 4-1 on aggregate. Its 4-0 loss in Copenhagen was the first Albanian international ever played in Western Europe. In the next Nations' Cup (1966-68), then renamed the European Football Championship, the national team entered a second time, grouped with Germany FR and Yugoslavia. It managed to draw 0-0 in its home leg against the West Germans, its most surprising result ever, but finished at the bottom of its group. In the 1970-72 edition of the European Football Championship, it was grouped with Germany FR, Poland, and Turkey, but again finished last. Once more, the national association pulled back, and in 1974 Albania was the only member nation of UEFA that did not enter the Fifth European Football Championship. In 1975, the national team made its first known visit to Africa and lost by 4-2 to Algeria in Algiers. In 1976, Albania participated in the revitalized Balkan Cup, and placed third in a field of five with a draw against powerful Yugoslavia and a sound defeat of Bulgaria. Albania's cumulative international record (1946-76) now stands at 50-11-9-30-40-109-31, eight of its victories occurring before 1954.

The structure of the national league's first division is similar to that of Switzerland and several countries in South America. there are two phases. In the first, all 12 clubs meet each other on a home and away basis until a total of 22 matches have been played by each club. The top six clubs of the first phase form Group A of the second phases to determine the national champion, all clubs meeting once again on a home and away basis. The bottom six clubs from the first phase form a Group B and play each other on a home and away basis, and the bottom club in Group B is relegated from the first division. In both groups, points from the first phase are accumulated with points from the second phase to determine the final standings.

The first division currently includes four clubs from the capital city Tirana (Dinamo, Partizan, 17. Nendori, and Shkendija); one each from Shkoder in the north (Vllaznia); Durrës on the Adriatic coast (Lokomotiva); Gjirokastër (Luftetari), Korçë (Skënderbeu), and Vlore (Flamurtari), all in the south; Kavaje (Besa), and Lushnje (Traktori), in the central lowlands; and Elbasan (Labinoti), in the central highlands. By far the most successful postwar clubs have been Dinamo, the team of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (police, security, etc.), and Partizan, the army team. The leading prewar club, SC Tirana, was disbanded in the mid-1940s. A cup competition for all affiliated clubs of the upper and lower divisions was introduced in 1968. The national association is under the tutelage of

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Algeria

Fédération Algérienne de Football
4, rue Emir Abdelrim El Khattabi
Alger

Founded: 1962

FIFA: 1963

CAF: 1864

*Affiliated clubs:* 723; *registered players:* 39,033; *national stadium:* Stade Olympique d'Alger, *Chéraga (80,000)*; *largest stadium:* Stade Olympique d'Alger; *colors:* green jerseys, white shorts; *season:* September to June; *honors:* Mouloudia, African Cup of Champion Clubs winner (1976).

Among the Arab nations of North Africa, Algeria has been only modestly successful in the face of more stringent opposition from Egypt, Sudan, and even Tunisia and Morocco, but the game has been established since World War I.

French colonists and workers introduced the game in Algiers and Oran at least as far back as the 1890s. As was the custom in colonial Africa, regional football associations were formed in the key population areas. They remained in existence until a national association could be formed at the time of independence. Each Algerian association was affiliated with the Federation Francaise de Football. The Ligue d'Alger was founded in 1918, and a championship of the Algiers district was introduced in 1920. The early years were dominated by FC Blidéen, which won the first four titles in succession, but in time other important clubs emerged: AS Boufarikoise, Gallia Sports, Racing Universitaire, AS Ste-Eugene, and Olympique d'Hussein-Dey. By the late 1940s, there were four divisions in the Algiers league, and at its height 125 clubs were affiliated.

The Ligue Oranaise de Football Association was founded at Oran in the western part of present-day Algeria in 1920, and its championship was introduced the same year. The first champion was A.S.M.O., but the league was eventually dominated by S.C.B.A. during the 1920s, C.D.J. in the 1930s, and U.S.M.O. in the 1940s. As in Algiers, a championship was held every year until independence, with the exception of 1939. The game in the eastern part of present-day Algeria was centered in Constantine. The Ligue Constantinoise de Football Association was founded in 1922, and a championship began the same year. The first successful club to emerge was US Constantinoise, but during the 1930s, JS Guelmoise was the only club to win three titles in succession. After that there were few perennial winners. The league was suspended from 1940-44 as the war in North Africa raged nearby. Eventually over 120 clubs became affiliated with the Constantine league.

In addition to these local competitions, an annual series of Inter-League matches

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developed between Constantine and Tunis (1931), Algiers and Tunis (1932), and Constantine and Algiers (1949). During the late 1930s and '40s, Algiers participated in the Constantine-Tunis series, and in its own series with Tunis it was victorious on all but a few occasions. These precursors to international competition are the only measures available by which the relative level of play among the regional selections of French North Africa can be determined. On the club level, however, one can turn to the North African Championship, which dates from 1919, and the North African Cup, which dates from 1930. Both competitions were played by teams from Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco, and were won primarily by teams from Algiers, Oran, and Constantine.

The national Fédération Algérienne de Football was founded in 1962, the year of Algeria's independence, and joined FIFA and the African Football Confederation almost immediately. The association is also a member of the North African Magreb Confederation. Algeria's inclusion in the mainstream of African soccer, however, was slow in coming. It has advanced only once to the final rounds of the African Nation's Cup in 1968 at Addis Ababa, and was disappointed to place third in a group of four. Despite Algeria's 4-0 trouncing of Uganda, the elegant Ivory Coast eleven outwitted the Algerian defense and won decisively, 3-0. Four days later a 3-1 loss to Ethiopia before a clamorous partisan crowd was blemished by rough tactics and two ejections, and Algeria was eliminated. In subsequent Nations' Cups, the country has been eliminated in qualifying rounds each time, most recently by Uganda in 1974 and Tunisia in 1976.

Algeria's first international breakthrough was on the club level. In 1976, Mouloudia Chalia, the first Algerian club to enter either of the African club cups, won the African Champions' Cup by defeating the defending champions, Hafia of Guinea. After splitting home and away legs, 0-3 and 3-0, the winner was decided on penalty kicks. Among Mouloudia's difficult opposition in the earlier rounds was the famous Nigerian club Rangers, runner-up to Hafia the previous year.

Shortly after independence an AShortly after independence an Algerian national league was established. The First Division of 14 members now includes clubs from Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Sétif, Batna, Guelma, and the Algiers suburb El Harrach. The Oran derby, M.C. vs. R.C.G., attracts 30,000 spectators twice each year, and the great Olympic Stadium in Algiers is generally thought to be the best in Africa.

## Alpine Cup

Coupe des Alpes, Coppa delle Alpi.

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A summer (i.e., off-season) tournament for clubs of the Alpine region, it was introduced in 1960 as the Coppa Alpi Italo-Svizzera, and Italy and Switzerland were the only participants. France and West Germany entered clubs in succeeding years, but the four together have never competed in the same year. The format has varied enormously; at present, it is played on a home and away basis with the winners of two groups meeting in a final.

In 1960 and 1961, when only Italian and Swiss clubs were entered, the country whose teams had accumulated the most points was awarded the cup. From 1963 on, the trophy was given to a winning club. French clubs entered for the first time in 1963, but only Italy and Switzerland returned in 1964. The tournament was suspended altogether in 1965. Italy and Switzerland reactivated the series in 1966, and West German clubs were entered from 1967 to 1969. Only Italy and Switzerland participated again in 1970 and 1971. In 1972, the Italians withdrew once again, never to return, and the French stepped in. It has remained solely in the hands of the Swiss and French ever since.

### Winners:

1960 Italy

1961 Italy

1962 Genoa (Ita)

1963 Juventus (Ita)

1964 Genoa (Ita)

1965 no competition

1966 Napoli (Ita)

1967 Eintracht Frankfurt (GFR)

1968 Schalke 04 (GFR)

1969 FC Basle (Swi)

1970 FC Basle (Swi)

1971 Lazio (Ita)

1972 Nimes (Fra)

1973 Servette (Swi)

1974 Young Boys Berne (Swi)

1975 Servette (Swi)

1976 Servette (Swi)

1977 Reims (Fra)

### América, Copa

See: Sudamericana, Copa

### Andorra

There are two clubs in the Principality of Andorra, C.F. Andorra and F.C. Pena Blaugrana, both of which are affiliated to the Federacion Catalana, Provincia de Lérida, Spain. C.F. Andorra competes in the first category of the Federacion Catalana. The principality does not support a national association and is therefore not separately affiliated to either UEFA or FIFA.

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