Nixon seeks new
racial approach

Continued from Page 3

many employable males (to)
earn enough to support their
children," he said, "is usually
a family in poverty, unrelieved
by public assistance." Finally,
mother and children, left on
their own, "go on welfare."

CLARK, reviewing the civil
rights struggle for Negro
equality in the 60s, said pub-
licly what former Rep. Adam
Clayton Powell used to tell
newsmen privately: that the
late Rev. Martin Luther King's
methods, used successfully in
the South, would not work in
the Northern cities.

"Chicago merely absorbed
the thrust of the Southern
Christian Leadership Confer-
ence," Clark said. "The mass
protest approach of Negroes in
Chicago, as in other Northern
cities, has not brought about
any fundamental structural, or
functional, change in education,
housing or employment."

Clark said the "polarization"
of racial hostility increased
when the Negro civil rights
struggle moved into the North.

Clark called organized lab-
or "an integral part of Amer-
ican racism." It has "contrib-
uted significantly to the sub-
jugated condition of Negroes,"
he said.

BLACK nationalism, feeding

on bitterness and disappoint-
ment, has provided the oppor-
tunity for both white and black
racists to form a "convert al-
liance" so as "to perpetuate a
racial ferment that would be
conducive to the entrenchment
of racial segregation," Clark
said.

The Vietnam war, with a
heavy burden on the Negro
"a disproportionate number
have been casualties" — has
further embittered the black
man and has "tended to solid-
ify the right-wing whites and
divide the liberals."

"Piecemeal approaches" to the problems of whites and Negroes "will no longer work," said Clark, and a "comprehensive plan for the stabilization of the cities" must be made.

FIRST, he suggests a "crash
program of ordinary rehabil-
itation and "clean-up" of the
ghetto.

After that would come the
main effort: "reorganization of
education, social welfare and
health services, and signifi-
cant expansion of job oppor-
tunities."

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# Nixon rules out 'consensus' in shaping foreign policy

By JULES WITCOVER
OF OUR WASHINGTON BUREAU

President-elect Nixon apparently plans to make good on his campaign promise of resurrecting the National Security Council as a major foreign-policy instrument with emphasis on crises — avoidance rather than crises-management.

Nixon's appointment yesterday of Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, of Harvard University, indicated the President-elect's desire to strengthen the State Department as the operating foreign-policy arm of the government, and to concentrate White House staff work on long-range planning.

At the same time Nixon said it will be Kissinger's job as the chief White House national security adviser to make sure the President gets "a broad spectrum" of views on policy rather than "a bland paper" that represents a watered-down "consensus" of viewpoints.

"What this really involves," Nixon said, "is my concern that when great decisions have to be made over these years ahead, I am not presented with a paper that represents a consensus, the least common denominator of what the various departments are

(Continued on Page 2)

President-elect Nixon stands with Prof. Henry A. Kissinger of Harvard, following Nixon's announcement in Manhattan that Kissinger will be his assistant for national security affairs.

play at the Marc Ballroom, 27 Union Square West, Manhattan, to discuss the situation. The chairmen do not have the authority to call a strike.

The violence Monday by hundreds of shouting teen-agers was to protest the 45-minute extension of the school day—time added under the terms of the teachers' strike settlement.

The predominantly Negro crowds of youths assaulted teachers, hurled rocks and bottles at police and smashed school, shop and subway windows in a rampage that moved from high school to high school.

Three teachers, a principal, three policemen and a newspaper reporter were among the injured. Police arrested 22 persons outside schools on charges ranging from disorderly conduct to inciting to riot.

There were demonstrations or disorders in 13 schools throughout the city. The protests began as an effort by the week-old Citywide Student Strike Committee to shut down the high schools.

About 200 helmeted police confronted 500 youths near JHS 271 after the rampage through the high schools and a rally at Washington Square Park in Manhattan.

Leslie R. Campbell, a suspended JHS 271 teacher who is active in the African-American Teachers Association, urged the students to go to the Brooklyn junior high.

Police began to move toward the students when a barrage of rocks, bottles and cans were hurled into their ranks. The police charged and the youths ran. Some policemen were brandishing nightsticks. One youth was seen bleeding from the head. Several reports said a member of the governing board was struck in the face and some youths were pinned down and kicked. Again and

spoke to them, some 70 of the students returned and were marked late. The rest went home. Police were called but no incidents were reported.

Last week, there were six arrests stemming from student demonstrations in this borough.

Since the strike, which cost a million pupils 36 class days, there have been student protests over the Board of Education's order canceling 10 holidays and adding 45 minutes to each school day for 14 weeks.

Student protesters have charged the only purpose of the makeup time was to permit teachers to regain the pay they lost during the strike.

high school dismisses its students at 5:20 p.m. under the new timetable. Most schools have added 25 minutes at the beginning of the day and 20 minutes at the end.

Earlier, a threatened confrontation between members of the Ocean Hill-Brownsville governing board in Brooklyn and state authority over the controversial school district fizzled out.

A group defied a state order yesterday morning and entered JHS 271, one of the district's eight schools. There had been threats by some community residents to take over the school.

In another development, a

meant to include not only Spanish speaking principal for a predominantly Puerto Rican experimental school, but "black principal for a black experimental school, an Italian speaking principal for a predominantly Italian speaking school and a Chinese principal for Chinatown, for example."

The courts have held four Ocean Hill's principals—including Fuentes—held their jobs illegally because they were not entitled to them by civil service examination. The four have been suspended.

Ramos felt the union would not object to his plan because only experimental districts would be involved.

ADVENT SERVICES

This Evening - Dec. 3rd
Mass at 8 P.M.

Sermon - "Mother of God
and Christmas"

By Fr. Norman Galloway, O.S.A.

at
OUR LADY OF GOOD COUNSEL

10 AUSTIN PLACE

FUTURE ADVENT SERVICES: DEC. 10-17 & 23

Advance

ED

HOME-DELIVERED, DAILY & S

Open JHS

planned to stay all night and open for classes in the morning. Police said they left peacefully several hours later. Oliver called for the reopening of JHS 271 today and urged parents to send their children to the school.

Albert Shanker, president of the 55,000-member United Federation of Teachers, said the closing of JHS 271 had "someWHAT EASED" the possibility of a new citywide strike against the 1.1 million-pupil public school system.

Since Sept. 9 the city has been hit by three teachers' strikes that kept most youngsters out of class for 35 days.

Earlier in the day Shanker had said: "We are now on the verge of another citywide shutdown of the schools." He charged the strike-ending agreement had been "violated almost every day."

Shanker said that he had been told that Johnson had been "physically threatened at knife-point" by someone in a group that had entered JHS

ct disside

WESTERN
PRESS CLIPPING
EXCHANGE
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

MINOT (N D) NEWS E. 29,784
MONDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1968

Harvard Teacher
Receives Nixon
Security Post

NEW YORK (AP) — President-elect Richard M. Nixon announced today he is making Harvard Prof. Henry A. Kissinger his assistant for national security affairs to oversee the foreign defense policy machinery of the White House.

Nixon, at a news conference, said the 45-year-old Kissinger, a native of Germany, will revamp the entire security planning machinery at the White House with an aim to preventing global crises rather than simply dealing with them as they arise.

SUNDAY, TELEGRAM
WORCESTER, MASS.
CIRC. 107,892

DEC 8 1968

New
England
Newsclip

# Long-Range Planning Viewed as Kissinger's Forte

By DONALD R. LARRABEE
Telegram and Gazette
Washington Bureau

WASHINGTON — Prof. Henry A. Kissinger, who will head the Nixon national security staff operation at the White House, can smell a crisis before it occurs.

The 45-year-old director of Harvard's defense studies program takes a historical approach to international relations. He sees things in patterns and trends.

According to friends and associates, he has the great facility to be able to blend the theoretical and the practical in his approach to world problems.

The foregoing assessment comes, in part, from a Shrewsbury woman who has worked with him

Larrabee

and who just

might wind up doing it again, although she's not seeking new Washington horizons at the moment.

Diana (Heidi) Wolf, the attractive daughter of the late Harry Wolf, President of Denholm and McKay's, prepared disarmament studies for Kissinger a couple of years ago at Harvard before she came to Congress. She is a legislative researcher for the newly appointed senator from New York, Charles Goodell.

Kissinger apparently will function more as a long-range planner than as an administrator. This is his forte. He has strong links to scholarly groups, both here and abroad, and will be able to draw on their thinking as part of his regular routine.

## 'An Ideal Bridge'

"He's sort of an ideal bridge between the academic and political worlds," Miss Wolf remarked, "and I think we need people like that in government."

One of his gifts is an ability to play with the ideal and recognize the pragmatic. Heidi Wolf explains it this way: "Some scholars theorize about our world problems and can't adjust to realities. Prof. Kissinger can project long and short-term goals and have the flexibility to plan several alternatives that could work. He's a contingency planner who will prevent things before they happen, if possible."

His friends say he accurately predicted the Czechoslovakian invasion by the Russians.

## Strategic Doctrine

Kissinger's articles and books concentrate on the need for the United States to have a clear-cut strategic doctrine. He has been deeply concerned with finding ways for the world to survive in the nuclear age, has specialized in Soviet-American relations and the problems of NATO nations and his native Germany.

Miss Wolf said she prepared memos for Prof. Kissinger covering the relationship between disarmament, arbitration and security measures. "He wanted to see this in a historic framework to see what had happened before," she recalled.

## Must Be a Correlation

Kissinger also feels strongly there must be a correlation between America's economic, political and social development policies if U.S. interests abroad are to be best served.

All of the thinking fits nicely into the Nixon recipe for reordering the Washington establishment. The president-elect is eager to replace what he considers "crisis diplomacy" with established machinery and channels — a system of well-thought-out contingencies to apply when a crisis erupts.

By all accounts, Harvard's Kissinger has a passion for the "orderly conceptual thinking" that will be the order of the day in the next four years.

each jealous of its political autonomy
and suspicious of its neighbors' mo-
tives.

So far it has been mostly the latter.

Wachusett is beset with a crowd-
ing problem in its 14-year-old high
school in Holden. The building has
been added onto once, and adding
again is a less than satisfactory solu-
tion. Yet parochialism has been a
roadblock on site selection for another
building, and the district is falling
back on portable classrooms as a tem-
porary expedient.

In order to broaden the issue and
the range of possible solutions, the
five towns — Holden, Paxton, Prince-
ton, Rutland and Sterling — created a
district planning board to find a way
out. Its principal job is to determine
whether a full regionalization, from
kindergarten through high school
wouldn't be a better setup for educa-
tion.

After several months, the planning
group is stymied by the old, familiar
hang-ups of parochialism, jealousy and
suspicion.

Rutland and Sterling members of
the planning board won't buy a dis-
strict school committee that might give
a preponderance of membership to
Holden, the largest town. The three

counties that would eliminate the
one-town veto power on capital ex-
penditures.

The beauty of the system is that
the new facilities would be paid for
on a proportional, per-pupil basis by
the town or towns using them. Thus,
if the district built an elementary
school in Paxton for Paxton pupils,
that town would make all the pay-
ments on the bond issue. If Holden
later made use of the school, then
Holden would begin paying a share of
the bonded debt.

The planning board has reached
such a point of frustration that Holden,
Paxton and Princeton have voted to ex-
plore forming a three-town district
that would exclude Rutland and Ster-
ling.

As the chairman pointed out, that
is no solution at all to immediate
problems. At best, it is a complicated
and costly way out for the future to
think of breaking up the district, par-
celing out the real estate, and starting
all over.

At stake is not only the future of
the Wachusett district, but the oppor-
tunity for excellent education for 6,-
000 school children, whose welfare
and future are hostages to the un-
yielding political boundaries laid out
by pioneer surveyors who have been
dead two centuries or more.

'Ugly problem - fortune

The Bay Stater

Beacon Hill's Nervous

By Howard S. Knowles

The Telegram and Gazette Boston Bureau

BOSTON — The gossip index may
have set a new mark on Beacon Hill
last week. And with some reason. A
possible switch in governors was
worth gossiping about.

Enjoying it the least, perhaps, were
the two men who

A Sargent aide, in an unglu-
moment, told a reporter that the
tenant governor was "nervous
kitten," and the phrase found its
into print.

It was hardly the public rel-

VIRGINIA (MINN.) MESABI NEWS E. 11,131
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1968

Kissinger May Become Nixon Advisor

NEW YORK (AP) — Three meetings in five days between President-elect Richard M. Nixon and Henry Kissinger have prompted speculation Kissinger may become Nixon's personal adviser on national security matters.

Kissinger had another meeting Friday with the President-elect. Ron Ziegler, Nixon's press spokesman, later described Kissinger as "a man well respected in the field of foreign affairs and national security." Kissinger, 45, is director of Harvard University's defense studies program and head of the Harvard International Seminar.

There has been no word from the Nixon camp so far as to whether the President-elect even plans to have a special assistant for national security affairs — a top post occupied during the past eight years by McGeorge Bundy and Walt W. Rostow.

17

2

AMERICAN

Press Clipping Service, Inc.

Tel. WOrth 2-3797

NOV 30 1968

From

NEWS

DALLAS, TEXAS

M-230,000

S-267,000

# Mideast Views Sought by Nixon

NEW YORK (AP) — President-elect Richard M. Nixon has called on the heads of states in six Middle East nations to give a "full and frank exposition" of their views to his special emissary, former Pennsylvania Gov. William W. Scranton.

Nixon confirmed Friday that he has asked Scranton to undertake a fact-finding, "reportorial" tour of the Middle East next week, similar to the trip he made to Western Europe for Nixon in October.

Scranton's schedule calls for him to see heads of state and governmental leaders in Israel, the United Arab Republic, Iran, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Jordan. The diplomatic message to President Gamal Abdel Nasser of the U.A.R. was transmitted via the Spanish Embassy.

The president-elect said during his campaign that he favors American arms support to Israel, and said that if the sale of Phantom jets to Israel is necessary for Israel to maintain military superiority in the

Middle East, the sale should be made.

Nixon said he favored such action in order to maintain stability in the area.

THIS LATEST mission for Scranton again raised speculation he might become Nixon's secretary of state or ambassador to the United Nations in the new administration.

Scranton, however, has said he does not want a permanent post with the Nixon administration, but will take on special missions for the president-elect.

Another focus of speculation Friday was Dr. Henry Kissinger of Harvard University, a specialist in foreign affairs and national security, who appeared at the Nixon transition headquarters at the Pierre Hotel for the third time.

Ronald L. Ziegler, Nixon's press spokesman, said Kissinger talked with aides to the president-elect, including designee White House assistant Bryce N. Harlow and John N. Mitchell, who was Nixon's general campaign manager.

In addition to talking with the aides, Kissinger spent 15 minutes with Nixon.

ZIEGLER, asked about Mitchell's role in the transition, described him as a key adviser in all matters, including personnel, cabinet selection and foreign policy.

"He is involved early in conversations on all matters," Ziegler said. Mitchell is one of Nixon's law partners.

Ziegler said Scranton will not carry any special messages to the Middle Eastern leaders. "The mission will be reportorial in nature," he said "and he will give his findings to President-elect Nixon immediately on his return."

Scranton will leave New York City Dec. 2, accompanied only by his aide, J. G. Sasall.

Nixon discussed foreign affairs with two other visitors Friday, Robert Krausz-Hupe, director of the Foreign Policy Research Institute at the University of Pennsylvania, and William Kinnter, the associate director.

Nixon Names
Kissinger His
Security Aide

Henry Kissinger
Jeins Nixon's team

NEW YORK (AP) — President-elect Richard M. Nixon announced today he is making Harvard Prof. Henry A. Kissinger his assistant for national security affairs.

Kissinger will oversee the foreign and defense policy machinery of the White House.

Nixon at a news conference, said the 45-year-old Kissinger, a native of Germany, will revamp the entire security planning machinery at the White House with an aim to preventing global crises rather than simply dealing with them as they arise.

THE president-elect said he was concerned that, after inauguration day, he gets a broad spectrum of news on foreign policy problems and is "not presented with a paper that represents a consensus — the least common denominator."

He said he was calling on Kissinger, a professor of government at Harvard, to bring in new men and promote new ideas so he will have the benefit of divergent views.

Asked if Kissinger might overshadow the man Nixon eventually appoints as secretary of state, the incoming chief executive said, "I intend to have a very strong secretary of state." But he insisted he has not decided on nominees for either the state or defense Cabinet posts.

KISSINGER said he foresaw no prospect that he would be in competition with the men who

See KISSINGER—Page 3, Col. 2

UPI Telephoto

mes

two persons were in the car
ent tied up holiday traffic
ore than an hour.

Police
Probe

were pelted with stones, bricks
and bottles as they pulled down
the red pennant.

POLICE and demonstrators
faced each other in lines that
looked like the moment before a
battle. The police rushed for-
ward, the report said.

Clubs ripped into the crowd.

"In the wink of an eye, the
police appeared to have lost all
control," one witness was quot-
ed as saying. But the battle at
the flagpole was still just a
prelude to what was to come
that night.

Protesters outflanked National
Guardsmen and burst out of the
park at dusk to besiege the main
hotel. The taunts to police esca-
lated in obscenity. At 7:57 p.m.
the police started the arrest
and, in the words of one patro-
man, "Everything went up fo-
grabs."

One witness among the dem-
onstrators charges that the

THE Jordanian spokesman
said Israeli jets bombed a con-
voy of trucks on a desert high-
way yesterday, destroying six.
During the night, he continued,
jets returned to bomb the vil-
lage of Kfar Yuba in northern
Jordan, killing two soldiers and
wounding a third.

The spokesman said helicop-
ters brought the Israeli com-
mandos who blew up 100-foot
road and rail bridges on the
highway between Amman and
the port of Aqaba.

He said two civilians were
killed and four were injured,
and the helicopters took the
commandos out before Jordan-
nian troops arrived.

The Israel spokesman said the
raid was in retaliation for at
least 50 Arab sabotage attacks
from Jordan since Nov. 16, when
King Hussein and the sabotage
groups were reported to have
reached an agreement restrain-
ing the saboteurs.

THE attack on the bridges
was the second Israeli command-
do raid in a month. On Oct. 31 a
task force blew up two bridges
and a power station on Egypt's
Nile River after an Egyptian
artillery attack across the Suez
Canal in which 15 Israelis were
killed.

5

AMERICAN

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Mon., Dec. 2, 1968

THE MINNEAPOLIS STAR

7A

# Nixon Holds Fourth Talk With Kissinger

By FRANK CORMIER

NEW YORK, N.Y. — (P.) President-elect Richard M. Nixon was to meet today with Henry Kissinger, a Harvard braintrustor, in their fourth publicly announced meeting in eight days.

The meeting comes at a time when reports around Nixon headquarters say that an important noncabinet appointment would be announced today.

Kissinger, 45, director of Harvard University's defense studies program and head of the Harvard International Seminar, was a federal consultant on national security matters early in the administration of the late President John F. Kennedy.

Kissinger has continued to serve as a consultant on nuclear weaponry.

Sunday's developments around the Nixon camp hinted at the possibility the president-elect might not go as far as his campaign speeches indicated in substituting tax credits—requiring congressional approval—for direct federal subsidies in some aspects of the antipoverty program.

Robert Ellsworth, a top assistant to Nixon, had lunch here Sunday with Henry Ford II, board chairman of the Ford Motor Co. and chairman of the National Alliance of Businessmen created earlier this year at the behest of President Johnson.

The alliance has a goal of creating 500,000 jobs for the hardcore unemployed by early 1971. Businessmen train the recruits for regular jobs, with the federal government paying the difference between the normal cost of such training and—in about one-third of all cases—the higher cost of preparing the disadvantage for similar employment.

Congress appropriated

$200 million for such subsidies to business in the fiscal year ending June 30.

During the campaign, Nixon often talked about substituting tax credits for subsidies in this type of situation but, after Sunday's luncheon, Ellsworth said Nixon is "hopeful and desirous" of continuing the alliance program "aggressively and progressively."

The alliance reports it already has trained 110,000 workers at an average cost to the government of $2,000 per worker.

89

2

AMERICAN

Press Clipping Service, Inc.

Tel. WOrth 2-3797

From

POST NOV 30 1968/
DENVER, COLO. C)
E-252,000 S-340,000

Kissinger
Rumored for
Advice Post

NEW YORK — (AP) — Three meetings in five days between President-elect Richard M. Nixon and Henry Kissinger have prompte speculation Kissinger may beome Nixon's personal adviser on national security matters

Kissinger had another meeting Friday with Nixon. Ron Ziegler Nixon's press spokesman, iter described Kissinger as "a man well respected in the field of foreign affairs and national security." Kissinger, 45, is lirector of Harvard University's defense studies program and head of the Harvard International Seminar.

There has been no word from the Nixon camp so far as to whether the president-elect even plan to have a special assistant for national security affairs — a to post occupied during the past eight years by McGeorge Burdy and Walt W. Rostow.

AMERICAN

Press Clipping Service, Inc.

Tel. WOrth 2-3797

From DEC 1 - 1968

PRESS
LONG ISLAND, N.Y.

E-348,000 S-407,000

NIXON MAN? — Henry Kissinger, 45, director of Harvard's defense studies program, has had three meetings in five days with President-elect Richard M. Nixon, prompting speculation he may become Nixon's personal adviser on national security matters. (AP Wire-photo).

25

2

Tel. WOrth 2-3797

From DEC 4 - 1968

POST
NEW YORK, N.Y.
E-703,000 Sat-355,000

TIMES: "Henry A. Kissinger of Harvard is distinguished among the country's 'defense intellectuals' for his awareness of the effect of military decisions on international politics. His appointment as President-elect Nixon's assistant for national security should assure the new Administration of strategic assessments that keep military and political factors in balance. . . . As an active participant in arms control studies in Cambridge, Washington and abroad since the early 1960s, he is known as a strong proponent of the nuclear nonproliferation treaty and of talks with Moscow to curb the missile race. No contribution he can make in his new post will be more important than the role he plays as efforts are made to bring these measures to fruitions."

20

2

AMERICAN
Press Clipping Bureau, Inc.

Tel. WOrth 2-3797

From NOV 30 1968

L-TIMES
Kansas City, Mo.
M-332,522

NIXON MAY PICK AIDE TO ROCKY

Henry A. Kissinger Has
Been Meeting With
President-Elect

EXPERT IN TWO AREAS

Defense and Security
Specialist Is From
Harvard

(New York Times News Service)

New York - Richard M. Nixon is thought to be seeking the full-time services of Henry A. Kissinger, a defense and national security specialist from Harvard university who serves as Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller's adviser on foreign affairs.

Kissinger conferred yesterday with the President-elect in his temporary headquarters in the Pierre hotel for the third time in five days. The two men met pre-

viously on Monday and Wednes-
day.

Offer Not Confirmed

Nixon sources would not con-
firm that a firm offer had been
made, but conceded that the
President-elect would welcome
into his administration a man of
Kissinger's range and abilities.
Sources in the academic com-
munity of which Kissinger is a
part and elsewhere asserted that
overtures had been made but
that Kissinger had made no final
decision.

It is believed that if Kissinger
accompanied Nixon to Washing-
ton he would occupy one of two
posts, either chairman of the
policy-planning council at the
Department of State or special
assistant to the President for na-
tional security affairs.

The latter post is currently
held by Walt W. Rostow and was
occupied during the Kennedy ad-
ministration by McGeorge Bun-
dy.

Naturalized in 1943

Kissinger, 45 years old, was
born in Germany and became a
naturalized citizen in 1943. Now
head of the Harvard internation-
al seminar and director of the
defense studies program at Har-
vard, he was a consultant to the
National Security council in 1961
and 1962 and has been a consul-
tant to the Arms Control and
Disarmament agency since 1961.
He is regarded as a specialist

on European security, the North
Atlantic Treaty organization,
and the Mediterranean. He and
Nixon share cautious views
toward the Soviet Union and
their belief that the United
States must maintain strategic
strength both as a deterrent to
hostilities and as a bargaining
counter in negotiations.

Weekend for Jewish Youths

ed with the study guide,
s a lot of work, but fun
Donna Ozar, Roberta Ep-

Miss Lain awards a portable
typewriter to Evelyn K. Tur-
ner, Houston, for her question:

"Will you please write about
the field of sociology?"

A—I like the down-to-earth way Dr. Robert C. Angell identifies sociology. The dynamic executive director of Sociological Resources for the Social Studies says:

"The man on the street wants to do something about what's wrong with the world . . . listen to a dozen people and you get as many opinions. It's the role of the sociologist to provide scientific knowledge of how the world works in human terms.

"Let's take poverty, for example. The sociologist does not offer his personel recipe for how best to eliminate it, but rather, provides the sound basis of factual data—based on his sociological study of groups of people—to help decision-makers choose most intelligently from the alternatives. The sociologist is...