PHYSICAL EDUCATION
RODNEY CARLSSON
MARILYN DENNY
PATRICIA GALLAGHER
ANDY HASTINGS
TRACY LAFOUNTAIN
CAROL LUNN
JAMES MOUSSEAU
BARBARA SANTAMORE
GREGORY WATERS

BEEKMANTOWN CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT

P. O. BOX 829

PLATTSBURGH, NEW YORK 12901

STEPHEN K. BROADWELL
DISTRICT DIRECTOR

HEALTH, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, ATHLETICS & RECREATION

TELEPHONE 518/563-8092

HEALTH & NURSES

CINDY FESSETTE
SUSAN LAWRENCE

KIM COREY, RN
ANN FELIO, RN
DONNA GENGENBACH, SNT
JOANNE PEETE, SNT

AUG 1 1 1997

Mr. Henry Kissinger
1800 K. Street N.W.
Washington, DC 20006

Dear Mr. Kissinger,

I am writing to request your philosophy, your secrets, or your formula for success. What do you believe helps to set you apart from others and what do you emphasize in your life. I am creating a "Wall of Success" in our school with insight of people such as yourself for our student-athletes and coaches.

I am a Director of Athletics in Northern New York and believe our students need to hear the positive messages from successful people. It helps them to focus on the future. We have received replies from successful people in sports, politics, and the world of entertainment. We would very much like to hear from you.

I sincerely appreciate your time and consideration. Your cooperation in this project would certainly be beneficial to our high school student-athletes. Thank You.

ART SERVICES INTERNATIONAL

a non-profit traveling exhibitions organization

Directors

LYNN K. ROGERSON

JOSEPH W. SAUNDERS

October 23, 1997

Dear Dr. Kissinger:

I am delighted to report to you that the Art Institute of Chicago has confirmed their important position on our museum tour of "Land of the Winged Horsemen: ART IN POLAND, 1572-1764" exhibition. I am indebted to you for sending a note of support for the project to Mr. Jim Wood, Director of the Art Institute of Chicago. He communicated to me that he was sincerely moved by your endorsement, and I am certain that this was instrumental in his final decision.

There remains only one additional unconfirmed venue on the tour -- and it is the Brooklyn Museum. This, too, would be a superb venue for the exhibition, and I write you today to kindly ask if you would send a letter similar to the Chicago letter (written in late July) to Arnold Lehman, Director of the Brooklyn Museum. His address is:

Brooklyn Museum
200 Eastern Parkway
Brooklyn, NY 11238

Phone: 718-638-5000

Fax: 718-638-3731

I feel confident that this would result in the confirmation of this New York City venue. The excellent itinerary of this exciting exhibition is attached.

I am, further, eager to learn if you will accept our invitation to serve on the Honorary Committee for the exhibition. The Committee is composed of Dr. Bzigniew Brzezinski; Nicholas A. Rey, US Ambassador to Poland; and Jerzy Kozminski, Ambassador of Poland. While an Honorary Committee, and one that does not require any active participation on your part, your key presence on the Committee would be invaluable in confirming the significance of the project. The Honorary Committee will be recognized in the scholarly all-color catalogue which will accompany this exhibition and will, of course, receive invitations to all openings along the tour. Your presence at these openings would, we fully understand, be contingent upon your schedule -- but you would be a most honored guest if you could attend.

I thank you, in advance, for your kind assistance with an endorsement of this

700 North Fairfax Street, Suite 220

Telephone: (703) 548-4554

Alexandria, Virginia 22314

Fax: (703) 548-3305

OCT-23-1997 17:35

ART SERVICES INTERNATIONAL

703 548 3305 P.04

ART SERVICES INTERNATIONAL

Alexandria, VA 22314

Telephone: (703) 548-4554

FAX: (703) 548-3305

PRELIMINARY ITINERARY

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1999</td><td>February 28 - May 9</td><td>The Walters Art Gallery<br>Baltimore, Maryland</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>June 5 - September 6</td><td>Art Institute of Chicago<br>Chicago, IL</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>September 25 - November 28</td><td>Brooklyn Art Museum<br>Brooklyn, NY<br>(reserved)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>December 18, 1999 - February 27, 2000</td><td>San Diego Museum of Art<br>San Diego, CA</td></tr><tr><td>2000</td><td>March 25 - June 18</td><td>Philbrook Museum of Art<br>Tulsa, OK</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Summer</td><td>The Royal Castle<br>Warsaw, Poland</td></tr></tbody></table>

10/10/97

OCT-23-1997 17:35

ART SERVICES INTERNATIONA

703 548 3305 P.05

[L]

ART SERVICES INTERNATIONAL

fact sheet

Art Services International is pleased to announce a major exhibition entitled "*Land of the Winged Horsemen: ART IN POLAND, 1572-1764*." This exhibition will include approximately 150 works of art drawn from major public collections throughout Poland. The first major multi-media exhibition in America of works from Poland, and the first ever of this scale and caliber, the exhibition will open in 1998 and travel to five major museums across the U.S. The project's Guest Director is Count Andrew Ciechanowiecki, often credited as Poland's "cultural ambassador at large." Count Ciechanowiecki holds a doctorate from the University of Tubingen, and is a former Professor at Jagiellonian University, Cracow. The Guest Curators of the exhibition are Professor Dr. Jan Ostrowski, Director of the Wawel Royal Castle, Cracow; and Professor Dr. Andrzej Rottermund, Director of The Royal Castle, Warsaw.

## Background

For much of the 16th-18th centuries, Poland dominated the Most Serene Commonwealth of the Two Nations, which included Lithuania and most of what is today Byelorussia and Ukraine. Extending to the Black Sea, Poland constituted the largest land empire in Europe. Poland claimed a diverse population comprised of Slavs, Russians, Armenians, Jews and Turks, who embraced the Roman Catholic, Greek Uniate, Jewish and Islamic faiths.

The Polish search for national self-definition found its expression in the concept of Sarmatism, whereby Poles claimed descent from ancient peoples who lived along the shores of the Black Sea. Sarmatism shaped the Polish national dress (which was related to Ottoman styles), the distinctive Polish funerary coffin portraiture, the famed winged Hussars (horsemen outfitted with armatures embellished with feathers) and the Polish saber (derived from an Ottoman prototype and considered the most effective fighting instrument in 17th century Europe). In addition, Polish culture enthusiastically absorbed Turkish and Persian cultural elements which easily entered Poland by means of the extensive and age-old east-west trade routes.

While Poland took pride in a national self-image that recognized historical ties to the East, a concurrent identification linked Poland closely with the West. As the furthest eastern extension of the Catholic church, Poland was regarded as the last outpost of western civilization, and the many shrines to Mary, especially that of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa, attest to the intensity of Polish belief. Viewed as the bulwark of Christendom, Poland assumed the role of defender of the faith against the neighboring Ottoman Empire, and the inevitable confrontation culminated in the Battle of Vienna in 1683. The victorious Poles, led by Jan Sobieski, carried off as battle spoils the tents, weaponry, and trappings of their Turkish opponent.

Not fifteen years later, Poland considerably strengthened its ties with the West when the Elector of Saxony was named King of Poland. After this date, Poland was especially admired for superb imported and locally manufactured ceramics, glass, silver and textiles.

Telephone: (703) 548-4554

Alexandria, Virginia 22314

Fax: (703) 548-3305

OCT-23-1997 17:36

ART SERVICES INTERNATIONA

703 548 3305 P.06

[LC]

page 2

## Content and sources

The works of art in the exhibition are of the finest quality and have been carefully selected by three of the most prominent scholars in Poland's artistic community.

Highlighted will be paintings, ceramics, glass, furniture, weaponry, metalwork and textiles (tapestries, carpets, Polish dress with its distinctive embroidered sashes, horse trappings and a Turkish tent). Included among the approximately 35 institutional lenders to the exhibition will be both The National Museum and The Royal Castle in Warsaw\; and the National Museum, Czartoryski Museum, Wawel Royal Castle, and the Cathedral in Cracow.

## Outline of exhibition

An eight-minute video will introduce visitors to Poland's landscape, historic castles and palaces, religious sites, and other key architectural monuments. The film will place the exhibition within its larger historic context and give special attention to the drama and color of the Polish Hussars and the Battle of Vienna.

The exhibition will have four sections. The **Royalty** section will feature objects relating to each of the monarchs in the period covered by the exhibition. Included will be the portrait of Ladislas IV by Rubens\; a portrait of the family of John III (Sobieski)\; the jeweled crown, scepter and orb used at the coronation of Augustus III\; and the throne of King Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski.

The second section of the exhibition, devoted to **Magnates**, will recreate the interior of a nobleman's house and evoke the exotic luxury of this lifestyle. This section will feature portraits of magnates in their national dress, as well as tapestries, chairs, a cabinet, table and mirror. A centerpiece will be a painting of the elaborate procession, complete with bedecked camels, that highlighted the entry of the Polish Ambassador Jerzy Ossolinksi into Rome in 1633. Superb examples of the decorative arts will capture the cross-cultural tenor of the age through: a silver vessel bearing the Radziwill coat of arms\; a Turkish coffee set\; Meissen figurines of Polish noblemen\; and examples of both the Meissen Swan and Coronation services.

The third section of the exhibition will focus on the **Military** aspect of Polish culture of this era. Two winged Hussars will be joined by scale armor, war maces, sabers, and spears. A Turkish tent captured in the Battle of Vienna will be accented by a banner, horse trappings, and a magnificently embroidered saddle. Paintings of Polish hetmen and of the Battle of Vienna will evoke and personalize the energy and drama of this historic moment.

The fourth section of the exhibition, devoted to **Religion**, will highlight a very important 17th-century image of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa, in oil on panel with silver decoration. Other outstanding pieces in this section include paintings, chasubles, chalices and a recreated *castrum doloris* (the traditional Polish funerary monument with funerary portrait, candlesticks and four polychrome lions).

OCT-23-1997 17:36

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703 548 3305 P.07

page 3

Jewish religious objects will include vessels for balm and Chanukah lamps.

## Catalogue

The handsome, scholarly catalogue of over 300 pages will illustrate all loans to the exhibition in full-color plates, and will contain numerous comparative illustrations. Included will be an introduction by Count Ciechanowiecki, an historical overview of the 16th-18th centuries by Adam Zamoyski (widely celebrated writer, and author of *The Polish Way* [1987]), and an essay on the Polish and European baroque and the network of influences by Professor Dr. Ostrowski. Three further essays will address: Polish culture and the East by Professor Dr. Zdzisaw Zygulski, Jr. (Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, and Curator, National Museum of Crakow); the social and religious context of Polish Art of the 16th-18th centuries by Professor Dr. Ostrowski; and Polish architecture from 1600-1750 by Dr. Piotr Krasny (Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow). A timeline (placing events and developments in Poland within the context of world activities), period maps, and a bibliography will complete the text.

## Organization and Patronage

The exhibition is organized and circulated by Art Services International, Alexandria, Virginia, in collaboration with the Walters Art Gallery. His Excellency, Jerzy Kozminski, Ambassador of the Republic of Poland, is the Honorary Patron of the tour.

TOTAL P.07

May-23-97 01:00P The National PAC

202 879 7728

P.02

# THE NATIONAL PAC: CELEBRATING FIFTEEN YEARS OF POLITICAL ACTIVISM FOR THE JEWISH COMMUNITY

* NatPAC...was founded in 1982 by Marvin Josephson, Chairman of ICM Holdings Inc., and a group of prominent Americans in the wake of massive arms sales to self-proclaimed enemies of Israel. Charter members include such individuals as Ralph Lauren, David Geffen, Marty Stein, Joan Rivers, Lester Pollack, and Marty Peretz.

* NatPAC...is the nation's largest bipartisan, non-connected PAC dedicated to promoting strong U.S. support for the survival and security of Israel. As a non-connected PAC, NatPAC does not have a corporation paying its overhead; all of its operating costs are covered solely by donations from NatPAC's 58,000 members in all 50 states. These members encompass the demographic spectrum, representing all ages, political affiliations, and occupations.

* NatPAC...has played a unique and vital role in promoting the security and prosperity of Israel by contributing to candidates of both parties who oppose anti-Semitism, support World Jewry, and recognize Israel as a strategic asset to America and our only reliable ally in the Middle East.

* NatPAC...is different from other pro-Israel organizations such as the UJA, the AJC, the ADL, and AIPAC who are prohibited by law from contributing to candidates for Congress; NatPAC has contributed over $7 million to candidates for Congress and ranks among the leading independent political action committees in the country.

* NatPAC...is constantly working to increase public awareness and increase support for the U.S.-Israel alliance. This is accomplished through mailings, publications, and forums, all designed to educate the public on the most effective way they can impact on the political process.

## WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT THE NATIONAL PAC

NatPAC's dedication to Israel's future can be seen in the response of those in Washington and across our nation.

- President Bill Clinton

The National PAC is recognized as a major political force, not only in Washington, but throughout the United States. I applaud NatPAC in its efforts to strengthen the U.S.-Israel relationship.

- Senator Phil Gramm (R-TX)

NatPAC is a major force on the American political scene.

- Lee Hamilton (D-IN)
Ranking Member of the House
International Relations Committee

I can personally attest to how important it is to have an organization fighting anti-Semitism impacting on key campaigns and elections. I urge you to join NatPAC today and be a part of this important political process.

- Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA)

JACK H. BROWN
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD,
PRESIDENT
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

Executive Offices: P.O. Box 150, 21700 Barton Road, Colton, California 92324 (909) 783-5000

July 31, 1997

Dr. Henry Kissinger
Chairman
Kissinger Associates
350 Park Avenue, 26th Floor
New York, New York 10022

AUG 0 4 1997

Dear "*Brother*" Henry:

The Horatio Alger Class Members of 1992, are very special people to me. It is almost like an extended family.

To have received the Horatio Alger Award in 1992, other than my wife and daughter's, was certainly the highlight of my personal life.

I thought you might be interested in what we have just accomplished here in our
Company. I know it is not anywhere near the size of transactions that you do, but I
wanted to share it with you, because it's plenty exciting for our Company, and our
10,000 members of the Stater Bros. "Family" of Employees.

I look forward to seeing you whenever the opportunity presents itself.

Kindest personal regards,

Jack

msr
Enclosure/

Proudly Serving The "Heartland" of Southern California

Executive Offices: P.O. Box 150, 21700 Barton Road, Colton, California 92324 (909) 783-0515

Contact:
Jack H. Brown
Chairman of the Board
President and Chief Executive Officer
(909) 783-5000

PRESS RELEASE

For Immediate Release

Friday, July 25, 1997

# STATER BROS. ANNOUNCES MAJOR EXPANSION AND CREATION OF OVER 1,000 NEW JOBS

JACK H. BROWN CHAIRMAN, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER HAS ANNOUNCED THAT STATER BROS. HOLDINGS, THE PARENT COMPANY OF STATER BROS. MARKETS, HAS JUST COMPLETED ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS IN THE 60 YEAR HISTORY OF STATER BROS. MARKETS.

BROWN STATED:

DURING MY 17 YEARS AS CHAIRMAN, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF STATER BROS. MARKETS, THERE HAVE BEEN TWO MAJOR CORPORATE OCCURRENCES.

1. THE SALE BY PETROLANE OF STATER BROS. IN 1983.

2. THE HOSTILE TAKE-OVER/PROXY BATTLE OF STATER BROS. IN 1986 WHERE MANAGEMENT, SUPPORTED BY THE WORKERS, WON CONTROL OF THE COMPANY.

3. THIS FINANCIAL TRANSACTION IS THE THIRD.

STATER BROS. IS PROUD TO ANNOUNCE THAT TODAY IT HAS CLOSED ITS OFFERING OF 100 MILLION DOLLARS ($100,000,000) OF 144A SENIOR SUBORDINATED NOTES, DUE IN THE YEAR 2004 THROUGH THE SOLE MANAGER, BANCAMERICA SECURITIES, INC.

THE NET PROCEEDS OF THE OFFERING WILL BE USED TO REDEEM ALL OF THE SHARES OF THE COMPANY'S 10.5 % SERIES B PREFERRED STOCK AND FOR GENERAL CORPORATE PURPOSES INCLUDING NEW STORE CONSTRUCTION, STORE REMODELS AND OTHER CAPITAL EXPENDITURES.

IN ADDITION, STATER BROS. ANNOUNCED THAT IT HAS RECEIVED CONSENT FROM NOTE HOLDERS REPRESENTING THE MAJORITY OF THE AGGREGATE PRINCIPLE AMOUNT OF 11% SENIOR NOTES DUE IN THE YEAR 2001. THE AMENDMENTS TO THESE SENIOR NOTES WERE EFFECTIVE FRIDAY, JULY 18, 1997. STATER BROS. CHAIRMAN, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, JACK H. BROWN STATED LAST WEEK THAT MEMBERS OF THE STATER BROS. MANAGEMENT TEAM TRAVELED 25,000 MILES AND VISITED CHICAGO, MINNEAPOLIS, NEW YORK, NEWARK, MORRISTOWN, BOSTON, SAN FRANCISCO, SAN MATEO, BEVERLY HILLS, AND LOS ANGELES TO MAKE TWENTY TWO (22) PRESENTATIONS TO THE INVESTMENT COMMUNITY.

BROWN ALSO STATED:

I CANNOT TELL YOU HOW PROUD I WAS TO REPRESENT THE STATER BROS. "FAMILY" OF EMPLOYEES, BUT ALSO HOW HONORED I WAS TO BE ABLE TO TALK ABOUT THE INLAND EMPIRE WHERE I AM A PROUD NATIVE SON.

NOT ONLY WAS THE WALL STREET INVESTMENT COMMUNITY VERY IMPRESSED WITH STATER BROS. MARKETS, BUT THEY WERE ALSO VERY IMPRESSED WITH THE INLAND EMPIRE AND THE ECONOMIC GROWTH THAT WE ARE EXPERIENCING AND WILL EXPERIENCE IN THE FUTURE.

PAGE 2

IT IS IMPORTANT THAT WE EACH DO WHATEVER WE CAN TO PROMOTE THE FINANCIAL FUTURE
OF THE INLAND EMPIRE.

I CALL UPON LOCAL OFFICIALS TO SPEND AS MUCH TIME AND MONEY ASSISTING THE SMALL,
MEDIUM, AND LARGE LOCAL BUSINESSES ... THAT ARE ALREADY HERE CONTRIBUTING TO THE
LOCAL ECONOMY AND SUPPORTING THE LOCAL COMMUNITY EVENTS AS WELL AS LOCAL
NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS FOR MANY YEARS ... AS THEY SPEND IN TIME AND MONEY TRYING
TO ATTRACT NEW BUSINESSES WHO DO NOT HAVE A LOCAL "TRACK RECORD" AND
GENERALLY BRING ONLY PROMISES.

1. STATER BROS. MARKETS IS THE NO. 1 PRIVATE EMPLOYER IN THE INLAND EMPIRE EMPLOYING OVER 10,000, ACCORDING TO INLAND EMPIRE MAGAZINE, JANUARY, 1997, AND INLAND EMPIRE BUSINESS JOURNAL, AUGUST 1996.

2. THE 7TH LARGEST PRIVATE COMPANY IN CALIFORNIA IN RETAIL SALES ACCORDING TO THE L. A. TIMES, MAY 7, 1996

3. THE 39TH LARGEST SUPERMARKET CHAIN IN AMERICA ACCORDING TO CHAIN STORE GUIDE, 1996;

4. THE 80TH LARGEST PRIVATE COMPANY IN AMERICA ACCORDING TO FORBES, DECEMBER 2, 1996.

THE STATER BROS. "FAMILY" OF EMPLOYEES AND OUR MANAGEMENT TEAM ARE VERY PROUD
OF WHERE WE CALL HOME ... THE "HEARTLAND" OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

STATER BROS. MARKETS WILL CREATE NEARLY 1,000 NEW JOBS (PRIMARILY IN THE INLAND
EMPIRE) BETWEEN NOW AND THE YEAR 2000.

THE COMPANY CURRENTLY HAS TWO NEW STORES UNDER CONSTRUCTION. ONE IN LAGUNA HILLS, CALIFORNIA, AT EL TORO ROAD AND CALLE SONORA. WHICH IS SCHEDULED TO OPEN IN THE FALL OF 1997; AND ONE IN YUCAIPA, CALIFORNIA, AT OAK GLEN AND BRYANT WHICH IS SCHEDULED TO OPEN IN THE SPRING OF 1998. IN ADDITION, THE COMPANY IS WAITING TO MOMENTARILY START CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW STATER BROS. MARKET IN LOMA LINDA UPON AUTHORIZATION FROM THE CITY OF LOMA LINDA. THE REFINANCING AT LOWER INTEREST RATES AND THE REDEMPTION OF THE COMPANY'S DIVIDEND PAYING PREFERRED STOCK WILL INCREASE THE COMPANY'S CASH FLOW BY APPROXIMATELY FOUR MILLION DOLLARS ($4,000,000) A YEAR, WHICH WILL PROVIDE SOME OF THE FUNDS FOR THE COMPANY'S FUTURE GROWTH AND EXPANSION. STATER BROS. WILL ACCELERATE ITS NEW STORE PROGRAM FROM TWO TO THREE STORES TO UP TO FIVE STORES A YEAR THROUGH THE YEAR 2000.

TODAY, FRIDAY, JULY 25, 1997 IS "TRULY" A GREAT DAY IN THE INLAND EMPIRE. STATER BROS. MARKETS, HAVING SERVED THE INLAND EMPIRE FOR OVER 60 GOLDEN YEARS, IS PROUD TO ANNOUNCE THAT BETWEEN NOW AND THE YEAR 2000 WE SHALL CREATE 1,000 NEW JOBS. THE STATER BROS. "FAMILY" OF EMPLOYEES CURRENTLY NUMBERS OVER 10,000 HARD WORKING, DEDICATED AMERICANS.

STATER BROS. MARKETS IS THE #1 SUPERMARKET CHAIN IN THE "HEARTLAND" OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. OF THE COMPANY'S 110 SUPERMARKET LOCATIONS, 45 ARE IN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, 35 ARE IN RIVERSIDE COUNTY, 15 ARE IN ORANGE COUNTY, 13 ARE IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY, AND 2 ARE IN KERN COUNTY. THERE ARE OVER 10,000 MEMBERS OF THE STATER BROS. "FAMILY" OF EMPLOYEES TO BETTER SERVE ITS "VALUED" CUSTOMERS.

STATER BROS. MARKETS ... SERVING THE "HEARTLAND" OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
FOR OVER 60 GOLDEN YEARS

# # #

11-DEC-1997 15:32 FROM GENERAL ORIENTAL H.K.

TO

00112127537248 P.01

MEMO

DEC 1 1 1997

11 December 1997

To: Henry Kissinger
From: Tobias Brown
Re: Ronnie Chan

Dear Henry,

I was sorry to have not had the chance to speak to you during Jimmy's memorial service. During the memorial I had to host several functions during the two day period for a number of corporate staff who flew in for the function and unfortunately we have had to let go. I enjoyed your speech and from afar and both you and Nancy looked well.

I am aware that you have a meeting today with Ronnie Chan. I just wanted to drop you a quick note to let you know that today is Ronnie's birthday. As I am sure you are aware, Chinese attach a great deal of importance to birthdays and I am sure Ronnie would be surprised and flattered if you offered your best wishes when the two of you meet.

I look forward to seeing you soon.

Best regards,

TOTAL P.01

HENRY A. KISSINGER

January 7, 1997

To the Director of Admissions:

I am writing to give my warm support to the application of
Charles Huebner for admission to Brown as a member of the
1997 freshman class.

Charles' parents are close family friends whom my wife and I
admire professionally as well as personally. His father,
Lee Huebner, was Publisher of the *International Herald
Tribune* for many years and is currently President of the
American University in Paris and a professor at Northwestern
University.

Charles is an engaging young man and strong and popular
student in the International Baccalaureat program of his
school in Paris. Having lived his entire life in France,
except for summers in the United States, he is completely
bilingual and bicultural. Charles has been president of his
class for two years, editor of the bilingual magazine and
active in student government, the newspaper, the yearbook,
and other school programs, including proposing and setting
up the computer lab and training the faculty in its use. He
is very well-read and has a broad range of interests in
literature, science, history and sailing.

In short, Charles is a well-rounded, stable and
exceptionally intelligent candidate who has chosen to
continue his education at a leading American university.

HENRY A. KISSINGER

February 3, 1997

Dear Zbig:

Just a brief note of thanks for your
comments on my NATO piece. It was
nice to hear from you.

The Honorable
Zbigniew Brzezinski
Center for Strategic
& International Studies
1800 K Street, NW
Washington, DC 20006

SUITE 1021 • 1800 K STREET, N. W. • WASHINGTON, D. C. 20006 • (202) 872-0300
TELEFAX (212) 753-7248

"The Grand Chessboard" is the book we have been waiting for: a clear-eyed, tough-minded, definitive exposition of America's strategic interests in the post-Cold War world. A masterful synthesis of historical, geographical, and political analysis, it is geostrategic thinking in the grand tradition of Bismarck."

SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON, Harvard University, author of
*The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order*

"The Grand Chessboard" is, at last, a lucid, brilliantly presented exposition of the necessary new framework for American foreign policy, tying together the objectives for the short, medium and long term which the country should now begin to implement. This fills a vital need."

FLORA LEWIS, columnist, *International Herald Tribune*

"In this incisive book—itself one of the most important documents to emerge in the wake of the Cold War's end—Zbigniew Brzezinski displays his legendary scope and intellectual acuity in giving purpose to American power. In this time of drift, Brzezinski remains America's paramount strategic mind."

NATHAN GARDELS, Editor, *Global Viewpoint / NPQ*, Los Angeles Times Syndicate

"The Grand Chessboard" will shock the timid, infuriate the unimaginative, and inspire the thoughtful reader. For those who believe America should lead but are unsure how, it offers a pragmatic and compelling vision. For those in charge of U.S. policy making, it is a required manual."

LT. GEN. WILLIAM E. ODOM, RET., Director of National Security Studies, Hudson Institute

"Zbigniew Brzezinski has established himself as one of the most penetrating analysts of international affairs and as one of the leading practitioners of the art of strategy. Here he combines both strengths to produce a provocative analysis of the shape of the world after the Cold War and of America's role in it. A 'must read,' and a good one, too."

PAUL WOLFOWITZ, Dean of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, and former Undersecretary of Defense for Policy

BasicBooks

A Division of HarperCollinsPublishers

http://www.harpercollins.com

US $26.00 / $37.00 CAN

ISBN 0-465-02725-3

9 780465 027255

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As the twentieth century draws to a close, the United States has emerged as the world's only superpower: no other nation possesses comparable military and economic power or has interests that bestride the globe. Yet the critical question facing America remains unanswered: What ought to be America's global strategy to maintain its exceptional position in the world? It is this question that Zbigniew Brzezinski tackles head-on in this incisive and pathbreaking book.

*The Grand Chessboard* presents Brzezinski's bold and provocative geostrategic vision for American preeminence in the twenty-first century. Central to his analysis is the exercise of power on the Eurasian landmass, which is home to the greatest part of the globe's population, natural resources, and economic activity. Stretching from Portugal to the Bering Strait, from Lapland to Malaysia, Eurasia is the "grand chessboard" on which America's supremacy will be ratified and challenged in the years to come. The task facing the United States, he argues, is to manage the conflicts and relationships in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East so that no rival superpower arises to threaten our interests or our well-being.

The heart of *The Grand Chessboard* is Brzezinski's analysis of the four critical regions of Eurasia and of the stakes for America in each arena—Europe, Russia, Central Asia, and East Asia. The crucial fault lines may seem familiar, but the implosion of the Soviet Union has created new rivalries and new relationships, and Brzezinski maps out the strategic ramifications of the new geopolitical realities. He explains, for example:

* Why France and Germany will play pivotal geostrategic roles, whereas Britain and Japan will not.

* Why NATO expansion offers Russia the chance to undo the mistakes of the past, and why Russia cannot afford to toss this opportunity aside.

* Why the fate of Ukraine and Azerbaijan are so important to America.

*(continued on back flap)*

1097

(continued from front flap)

* Why viewing China as a menace is likely to become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

* Why America is not only the first truly global super-power but also the last—and what the implications are for America's legacy.

Brzezinski's surprising and original conclusions often turn conventional wisdom on its head as he lays the groundwork for a new and compelling vision of America's vital interests. Once again, Zbigniew Brzezinski provides our nation with a philosophical and practical guide for maintaining and managing our hard-won global power.

ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI served as National Security Adviser to the President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He is a counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and a professor of American foreign policy at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University in Washington, D.C. His most recent books are *Out of Control, The Grand Failure, Game Plan, and Power and Principle*.

Jacket design by Rick Pracher

Jacket photograph © 1997 by Annbelle Breaky/Tony Stone Images

Author photograph by Trudy Werner

viii CONTENTS

<table><tr><td>4 The Black Hole</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><td>Russia's New Geopolitical Setting</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><td>Geostrategic Phantasmagoria</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>The Dilemma of the One Alternative</td><td>118</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>5 The Eurasian Balkans</td><td>123</td></tr><tr><td>The Ethnic Cauldron</td><td>125</td></tr><tr><td>The Multiple Contest</td><td>135</td></tr><tr><td>Neither Dominion Nor Exclusion</td><td>148</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>6 The Far Eastern Anchor</td><td>151</td></tr><tr><td>China: Not Global but Regional</td><td>158</td></tr><tr><td>Japan: Not Regional but International</td><td>173</td></tr><tr><td>America's Geostrategic Adjustment</td><td>185</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>7 Conclusion</td><td>194</td></tr><tr><td>A Geostrategy for Eurasia</td><td>197</td></tr><tr><td>A Trans-Eurasian Security System</td><td>208</td></tr><tr><td>Beyond the Last Global Superpower</td><td>209</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>Index</td><td>217</td></tr></table>

MAPS

<table><tr><td>The Sino-Soviet Bloc and Three Central Strategic Fronts</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>The Roman Empire at Its Height</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>The Manchu Empire at Its Height</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Approximate Scope of Mongol Imperial Control, 1280</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>European Global Supremacy, 1900</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>British Paramountcy, 1860–1914</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>American Global Supremacy</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>The World's Geopolitically Central Continent and Its Vital Peripheries</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>The Eurasian Chessboard</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>The Global Zone of Percolating Violence</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>France's and Germany's Geopolitical Orbits of Special Interest</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Is This Really "Europe"?</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Beyond 2010: The Critical Core of Europe's Security</td><td>85</td></tr></table>

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