The Chronicles
of England, from Brute
vnto this present yeare
of Chrift, 1580.

Collected by IOHN STOW
Citizen of London,

Printed at London by Rælphe
Newberie, at the aſsignement
of Henrie Bynneman.

Cum Privilegio Regie Maiestatis.

To the right Honorable the
Lord Robert Dudley, Earle of Leicester,
Baron of Denbigh, Knight of the most no-
ble Orders of the Garter, and of Saint Michael,
one of his Maiesties moste Honourable
priuie Counsell, and Maister
of his Horfe.

He good acceptatiò of my
Summarie dedicated to
your Lordship five yeares
since (right honorable &
my singular good Lord)
hathe so emboldened this

Treatise, growne now to a greater Volume,
that it presumeth with assured hope of like
acceptance, to pre sent it selfe to your Honor,
& under the protection therof, to venture in-
to the world, and viewe of men: and that the
more boldly, being an Historical Discourse
of this oure native Countrie, setting before
our eyes, to our instruction & profite, the in-
credible inconftancie, & continuall altera-
tions of this transitorie world, wyth the wor-
thie exploites of our Kings and Gouernors.

q.iij.

What

The Epistle Dedicatorie

What I haue performed herein to the common commoditie in searching out the truth: and what varietie of worthy matters I haue recouered, with no small coste and care, out of the graue of Obliuion, wherein they haue laine buried, I referre to your honorable cen-fure, and the indifferent Reader, not doub-ting but your Lordship, whiche hath gotten grounded experience by the administration of most weighty affaires, & furnished your wisedome wyth diligent reading of Sundrie Histories, will bothe vouche safe to accepte this Monument of my affectionate minde with your wonted curtesie, and shield it vn-der the autoritie of your name against thofe, whiche in this age requite honest endeouours with vnhonest speeches. The Almighty God preferue your Honor, with continual en-crease of his benefits, to his glory, and your aduauncement.

Your Lordships most humble to command.

JOHN STOW.

The Preface to the Reader.

of our famous Antiquities: What I haue done in them before time,
the former editions of my Summarie of Chronicles maye wel testifie,
but howe farre (be it spoken without arrogancie) I haue laboured for
the truth more tha some other, this last edition wil evidently declare:
wherein, that I differ from the inordinate and vnskilful collections of
other men, it is no maruel, seeing that I doe not fully agree with my
selfe, as some malitious persons haue fondely charged me: but lette
it be considered, that there is nothing perfect at the first, and that it
is incident to mankinde to erre and slippe sometime, but onelye the
point of fantasticall fooles, to perfeuer and continue in their errors.
Wherfore, seeing that the perusing of auncient Records and best ap-
proued Histories of all times (not without great difficultie obtained)
doe not onely moue me, but for their authoritie drive me to acknow-
ledge both mine and other mens errors, and in acknowledging to cor-
rect them, I truste to obtaine thus muche at your handes, that at the
least you wil call to remembraunce a moste gentle and wife lawe of
the politike Persians, wherein it was enafted, that a man accused to
bee in their lawes a trespaffer, and founde guiltie of the crime, should
not straight waye bee condemned, but after a diligent enquirie and
searche of his whole life and conversation (no slander imputed unto
him as of importaunce) if the number of his laundable faictes didde
counteruaile the contrarie, he was full quit of the trespasse. The same
lawe do I wifhe the readers of these my Chronicles to put in vre, that
if the errors be not so plentiful, as Histories truely alleaged, they
wil beare with them: for as I promised, so haue I tried all matters
worthie of immortalitie, by the certaine Touchstone of best
allowed Historiographers: and yet notwithstanding,
some faults by misprinting haue escaped the
correction, whiche easily may be seene
and amended by the dili-
gent Reader.

A description of England,

tingdon, Buckingham, Oxford, Northampton, Rutland, Leicestershire, Nottingham, Warwike, and Lincolnshire. After these there be, by, which border westward bepon Wales, as Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester, Shropshire, Stafford, Chester, and Monmouth. About the middle of the Region lie Darbshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Cumberland. On the left hand toward the West is Westmerland. Against the same is the Bishopricke of Durham, and Northumberland, which boundeth upon the North in the Marches of Scotland.

These shires be divided into, etc. Bishopesses, which by a Græke Wozke, be called Dioceses. Of which Dioceses, Canterbury hath Kent, Rochester hath part of Kent. London hath Ester, Middlester, and part of Hartford. Chichester hath Suffolk. Winchester hath Hampshire, Surrey, and the Isle of Wight, Salisbury hath Berkshire, and Wiltshire. Exeter hath Devonshire and Cornwall. Bath and Welles hath Somersetshire. Worcester hath the Worcestershire, and parte of Warwickshire. Gloucester hath Gloucestershire. Hereford hath part of Shropshire, and Herefordshire. Couentrie and Lichfield hath Staffordshire, Darbshire, part of Warwickshire, and part of Shropshire. Lincolnne which is the greatest, lying betweene the Thames and Humber, hath Lincolnne, Leycester, Huntington, Bedford, Buckingham, and the residue of Hartfordshire. Ely hath Cantabridgeshire, and the Isle of Ely. Norwich hath Suffolk, and Northumberland, and part of Cantabridgeshire. Oxforde hath Oxfordshire. Peterborough, hath Northamptonshire, and Rutland. Bristolowe hath Dorsetshire. And this is the province of the Archbishop of Canterbury, which is the Primate of all England, wyth Wales. The Archbishop of Yorke, hath Northshire, Notinghamshire, and a piece of Lancashire. The Bishop of Durham hath the Bishoprike so commonly called, and Northumberland. Chester hath Cheshire, most part of Lancashire, Richmond, part of Flintshire, and part of Denbighshire. Carlile conteyneth Cumberland and Westmerlande ; and this is the other Province of the Archbistroppe of Yorke, which is another

Scotland, Wales, &c.

another primate of England, and was of long tinte also pri-
mate of al Scotland: but these Diocleses take their names of
the Cities where those Seas be placed, the chiefe whereof, is
London where in the beginning was the Archbishops Sea,
but afterwards transposed to Canterbury, a Cittie in Kente,
placed in a soyle amiable and pleasaunt.

London Standeth in Middlester, on the North side of
the Thames. That most excellent and godly river hath first
the name of Iſe, and beginneth in Coteswolde in Glocester-
shire, about a mile from Titberp, and as much from the high
waye called Frolle : and it taketh firste the name Tamsfo,
nere to Dorcester bridge, where the river Tame and the
foſtayde Iſe meete, and so with a maruellous quiet course it
passeth by London, and then breaketh into the French Dce-
an by maine tydes, whiche twice in prity. hours ſpace doeth
ebbe and flow more than I馀myles, to the great commoditie
of trauellers, by whiche all kindes of Marchandice be easilye
conueyed to London, the principal kozze & kraple ſoz al como-
dities within this realm. Upō y same river is placed a kone
bridge, a work very rare and maruellous, which bridge hath
(reckning y draw bridge) rr. arches made of foursquare kone,
of height. I馀kote, of bredth. xxx. kote, diſtant one from another
xx. kote, compacte & iopned togither with vaults and cellers.
Tappon both sides be houses builded, that it ſaemeth rather a
continual křeſte than a bridge.

London Bridge.

The Dceſa Sea doth bound England, the firſt part of Byp-
taine, Calf of South, Wales & Cornwall Waeſt. The river of
Twede deuideth England & Scotland North. The length of
the Jland beginneth at Doſtsmouth in y South parte, & em-
deth at Twede in the North, contapning. 320. myles.

Thys Realme aboue other is moſte fruitefull on thys
ſyde Hombre : ſoz beonde it is fuller of Mountaines. And
althoughe to the beholders of that Countray a farre off,
it mape ſeeme playne, yet it is full of manye hilles, and
those ſoz the moſte parte doyde of trées, the valleys where-
of be verpe delectable, inhabited ſoz the moſte part by noble

A. y. men,

A description of England,

men, who according to auntiente and old order, desire not to
 dwell in Cities, but neare vnto valleys and riuers in feu-
tall villages, so auoyding of behement windes, because that
 Jland naturally is llormie.

Humbre hath his beginning a little on this side Pozeke,
by and by runneth Southward, and then holdeth his course
Eaftward, and so into the maine Sea, greatly encreased by
the Riuers of Dune and Trent.

Trent beginneth a little from Staffordre, running through
Darbifhyre, and Leicestershire, pafling by Litchfielde & No-
tingham on y right hand, & Dune on the left haſo: so that both
those riuers do make an Ileland whiche is called Auxolme,
and then ioyning togther on this side Kingstone upon Hul,
a godly marchaunt Towne, they fall into Humbre: by whi-
the riuer they may ariue out of Fraunce, Germanie and Den-
marke.

England is fruitefull of beaſtes, and aboundeth with cat-
tel: wherby the inhabitants be rather for the mock part graſ-
ers than ploughmen, because they give themeſelues more to
ſeeding, than to tillage. So that almoſte the third part of the
Countrep is employed to Cattell, Dære red and fallowe,
Cotes, (wherof there be koze in the Porth parts) & Conies,
for enerp where there is iolly maintenaunce of those kindes
of beaſtes, because it is full of great woods: whereof there ry-
ſeth pastime of hunting, gretly exercis'd, specially by the Po-
bilitie and Gentlemen. (Andrew Bourd ſayth, there be moe
Parkes in England than in all Europe beside.)

Scotland an other part of Brytain, (wherof in this place I
hane thought good to treate at large, that no further mentiò
of the situation therof might be made hereafter) began some
time at the Hill called Grampius, nolwe called Grantsbeyn
stretching to the furtheſt coaſſe Porthwarde, but after the o-
uerthzowe of the Pides, it began at the Riuer Twede, and
sometimes at the Riuer of Tyne, the foſtune of warres alte-
ring the fame, as it doth al other things. Therfore the length
of Scotland from Twede to the furtheſt coaſſe, is eſtæmed to
be

Andrevv Bord

Scotland.

Scotlande, Wales, &c.

be 480 miles: But as Scotland is longer than Englande, so it
is narrowe and endeth like a wedge. For the mountayne
Grampius is emil fauoured and craggie, which Tacitus in the
life of Iulius Agricola doth remember, pearing throughe the
bowels of Scotland, from the coast of the Germaine Sea, that
is to say, from the mouth of the River of Dee to the Jrolhe Sea,
euen to the Laake of Lomunde, whiche lyeth betweene that
Countrey and the same hil.

Corresponding
Tacitus.

The river of Twede (which springeth out of a little اله,
not far beyond Korbozough) is mingled with the Germaine
Ocean, iopning Southward with that Countrey whiche is
called the Marches, being the east bounds between England
& Scotland. The said river of Twede separateth the Marches
from Northumberland, the furthest Countrey of Englande,
having p[ro]spect to the Germaine Sea, the chiefest town wher-
of is Barwicke, nowe in possession of the English.

The Westerne limit of Scotlande whilom was Cumber-
berlande, whiche the River of Solue deuideth from Annan-
dale. Betweene, these two Regions the Cheuiot Hils appere.

Fert to the Marches Pictlande borodereth, nowe tearmed
Loughdean, bounding vp[on] the Cast, a very hillie Countrey,
barren almost of any trees. The most famous townes of the
same be Dunbar, Hadington, Leith, Northberwic, & Eden-
bozough, the Kings seate, where also is the Castel of Pap-
dens, a very strong and defensible place. The same Citie the
river of Forthea (commonly called the Frith) doth water and
passe by: whiche being caried into the Germaine Ocean, ma-
keth great[e] armes of marines, commonly called the Scottish
sea: wherein besides other is the Iland of Saint Columbe,
by name called Amonia. The same river agapne deuideth
from Loughdean a Countrey adiopning (aboundant of all
things) called the Fife, in which Country are many townes,
as Donfermile, Cupze, but the notable town of Saint An-
drewe, especially famous for the University, and beautified
with the sea of the Archbishops[ie] and priuate of all Scot-
lande. On the other side towards the Jrolhe side North-
ward
A.lff.

A description of England,

warde, is Nidisdalia, so called of the Riner that pafeth ther
by, where bee the strong townes of Douglasse and Don-
frieſe.

Upon the South adiopneth Galloway, more aboundaunts
of Fodd er soz Cattel, than of Wheate, wher is the Towne
of Candida Casa, now called Whitherne, and the auntient té-
pte of Saint Ninian, adourned also with an Episcopal Sea.
In those parts besides the towne of Wighton is a laake of a
wonderfull nature, bycause the one side in Winter doeth
fréſe, and the other not. By that itandeth the Countryp of
Carieta, once renoumed, wyp the towne Carleton, whereof
perchaunce it toke the name. Above Carieta towardes the
Well, is Elgonia (by which name Ptolome calleth the Coun-
tryp) bozdering oppon the Ocean, wherin is the Laake Lo-
munde, whiche is very brode and large, contayning manye
Ilandes, ſituate at the towne of the mountaine Grantesbeyn,
evght myles from the Cattell of Donbriton, besides the riner
Bodotria, now named Leuinus, entring into the riuer of Glota
oz Clude. Here some do contende that the name of Bodotria is
not well applied to Leuinus, bycause it appeareth by Cornel.
Tacitus, that Bodotria & Glota haue sundry paſſages into ſea,
and are clearely dirempte one from the other, as Leuinus and
Glota are not: wherfore they iudge rather the riuer nowe cal-
led the Frith to be that which of olde time had to name Bodo-
tria, and to prieue the ſame, they adde manye other reaſons,
whiche here ſomitte. But a good ſpace on thys side
Grampius richeſt the riuer of Taus, the grealeſt in all Scot-
land, taking his name of a Laake from whence it ſpringeth,
whiche falleth by Atholia and Calidonia by many places, but
chiefly by Perthum now called Saint Iohns towne, and lastlye
by Dunde, in time past called Alectum, and there breaketh in-
to the Germaine ſea, and at the mouth sozeth great eſtuar-
os armes of the ſea, whereof Tacitus maketh mention. A-
gainſte Taus is Anguife, whiche by meanes of that riuer is
fertile and p[ro]sperous, and is deuided from Fife.

To þ same vp[on] the North adiopneth Athel, not the barré-
neſt

Scotlande, Wales, &c.

neſt Countrep, as well ſo2 water as ſo2 plentie of loyle. On the other ſide Arguile theweth it ſelfe, whyche being full of laakes, yeeldeth greater plentie of fodder than fruite, whose ottermost bounds ſtretch so farre, as Ireland is not diſtante paſſ.xvj.miles, about which the promontorie o2 ſo2eland, called Lands hed standeth. That coaſt whilom the Silures did in habite, as Polidor gathereth by these wozdes of Plinie in hys 4. boke, the. 16. Chapter.

Ireland being ſituate ouer againſt Byptain, is diſtant fro the nation of Silures by the chortell cut. rr. mples. Dowbeit, ſome other, ſo2 that it is manifeſt by the ſame Plinie in y ſame Chapter, and also by other ſ writers, that Byptaine was not in hys tyme well knowen so farre North, suppose he mente not by this, that the Silures ſhoulde inhabite Arguile, but raſher South Wales, from whence the paſſage ouer was beter known (and as he mighte haue understanding) chortell. Wher also as wel Tacitus, as Antoninus ſeme to place that people.

Betweene Argile and Olgouia Westwarde lyeth the Countrep of Sterling, so called by a towne there. Here the ſo2reſt of Calydonia began on the left ſide, which within kretcheth farre and bzoade. This ſo2reſt sometimes bred white Bulles, long maned like Lions, whiche were so wilde as theyp coulde not be tamed, but bycause the ſleth was pleafant and daintie to the mouth, the whole race of them almoſt is erſtinguiched. There likewise is the Cattel of Calydone, ſituate by Taus called Doucheldine. From a little hil of the ſo2reſt ryſeth Glota, o2 Cluid, which by a bzoade chanel ſalleth into the Jriſhe Ocean : ſo2 ſtaped in a manner by the bankes of the mountaine Grampius, it ſlydeth into the sea by greate tydes, so (as witneſſeth Tacitus) the Romaines thought it to be another Jlande. Of that riuer the Dale was called Glotevale, whyche Countrep that Riuer runneth by : and in the ſame is the Citie of Glaſco, a godlype Antuerſtitie.

Agayne towardes the Cattel is iwyned the Countrep of Anguifh and Merne oppon the Sea coaſſe, wherein

A.iiij.

Fordune

A description of England,

Fordune by situation is verpe strong, and so; the reliques of
S. Palladius the Scottish Apoſtle famous.

Of the ſame lyde of Scotlande, is the Countrey of Marre,
garniſhed with a Citie called Aberdone, a landing betwene
the two Riuers of Dona and Dea, with a Schole also ador-
ned. Then followeth Morrey, whiche the two notable Ri-
uers doe compasse aboute, called Nefſa and Spea. At the
mouthe of thys last Riuer, andeth the Towne of Elgis, a-
boute the banckes whereof be huge woods repleniſhed wyth
all ſoſtes of wilde beaſtes. There is a Laake also called Spi-
na, koared with plentie of Swannes : but in the middle part
andeth the broad Countrey of Roffia now called Beane Ro-
zen, kretching to the bittermoſt angle euen to both the Seas,
and the further it goeth Calktwarde, the better it is inhabited.
In the ſame is a bosome of the Sea, molwe and then ſo conue-
nient ſo3 Sailers, as comonly it is called the port of Health,
(oz the Hauen of Hafetie) and the towne Thana. The bzeadth
of the Jland is very short, ſo2 falling into y ſo2me of a wedge,
it is ſcant. xxx. mile ouer, which defended with thiz p[ro]in-
otzies like towers, repelleth the greate waues and surges of
the Sea: and inuironed with two gulſes, whiche those p[ro]
montozies doe inclose, the entries be quiet and calme, and
the water peaceable. The Straite of that lande is at this day
called Cathanes, coaſting upon the Sea Deucalidon.

Thus much of the particulars of Scotlande. But y ſame
is in every place ful of good Hauens and navigable entries,
Laakes, with Harthes, flouds, fountaines, very full of ſiſhe,
and mountaines, upon the tops whereof be pleasant plaines,
p[e]elding great ſtoſe of graſſe, and plentie of ſodder ſo2 Cattel,
wooddes likewise full of wilde beaſtes. That part of the land
is well ſuſtained with commodities, and therefor the peo-
ple harde to be banquihed at anye time, by reaſon the woods
and Harthes be at hande ſo2 refuge, and hunger eated wyth
Uenelon and Fith. About Scotlande in the Irishe Seas, are
rl. Ilandes, of Plinie tearmed Brytannia, other call them
Menania, other Hebrides. Panpe of these in length at leaſte

are

Scotland, Wales, &c.

are thirty miles, but in breadth not above xii. Amongest the
is Iona beautified with the Tombe of the Scottish Kings.
The Jlanders generally speake Jrithe, whiche declareth
them to take their originall of the Jrithe nation. Beyonde
Scotlande towarde the Morthe, be the Jles of Orchades,
whiche (as Ptolome saith) be. xxx. in number, some lying in
the Ducalidon Sea, and some in the Germaine Ocean, the
principall of whiche Jlandes is Pamonia, bycause it is a Wy-
shops sea, and is under the gouvernement of Scotlande. The
Jlanders use the Gothes spæche, whiche argueth them to
proueide from the Germaines. They be tall of stature, but
verie helthie and lustie of body and minde, liuing very long,
althongh their chiefest fode is fiche, fo; the lande almost con-
tinually beset with colde, in many places is not able to bear
come, and generally almost without fide or bulhe. Beyonde
the Orchades standeth Thule, in the Frozen sea nowe called
Jelande, to which our marchauntes repaire fo; fithing once
every yeare in the Sommer. And thus much haue I to say of
the Scite of Scotlande: nowe of the nature and maners of the
people.

The Scottes whiche inhabite in the Southern parte, bée
wel nurtured, and liue in good civility, & the most ciuile, use
the English spæch. And fo; that wood there is geason & scant,
their common fewel is of a blacke stone, whiche they dig out
of the Earth. The other part Northern, & ful of mountaines,
a very rude and homely kinde of people doth inhabite, which
are called the redhankes of wilde Scottes. They be clothed
with a mantel and chyrte saffroned, after the Jrithe manner,
going bare legged to the knee. Their weapons are boves &
dartes, with a verie hode sword and a dagger, sharp only at
the one side. All speake Jrithe, feeding on fiche, milke, chèse, &
fleshe, haning a great number of Cattell. The Scottes differ
from the English in laws and cultomes, bicause they use
the ciuill lawe as almost other Countries doe. The English
haue theyr own laws and edicts. In certain other conditions
they be not farre unlike, but their language is one, their ha-
bits

A. b.

bits

A description of England,

bite & complection like, one cozage in battel, and in the po-
bilitie one desire and pregnancie in hunting. The countrep
houses be narrow, couered with straw & ræde, wherein the
people and beafts do lodge togither. Thep; towns besides
S. Johns towne are unwalled, which is to be ascribed to their
animositie & hardinesse, string all their succo; & helpe alway
in the valiancie of their body. The Scots are derye wise, as
their learning declareth. For to whatsoeuer Art they do ap-
ply themselves, they easily p[ro]fite in the same. But the p[ole
e]louthful, and such chiefly as thun and auoyd labour, liue
in great pouertie, & yet wil not sticke to boast of their nobili-
tie and gentrie, as though it were more seemely for the ho-
nest to lacke, than comely, (by exercise of some honest Arte,)
to get their liuing. But the Scots generally be deuoute ob-
feruers of Religion. And thus muche of Scotlande.

Wales the third parte of B[ry]pfaine lyeth upon the lefte
hande, whiche like a P[or]monfozie or sofeland, or an Isle (as
it were) ouer every side is compassed with the maine Sea, ex-
cept it be on þ Southeaſt part with the riuer of Sabrine, com-
monly called Semern, which diuideth Wales from England,
although some late w[riters] affyrme Hereſoſt to be a bound
betwæne Wales and England, and ſay that Wales begin-
neth at Chepſtow, where the riuer W[ey] (augmented with an
other riuer called Lugge,) paſſing by Hereſoſde, doth runne
into the Sea, whiche riuer r[ys]leth in the middle of Wales
out of that hil (but vicerfayne whether ouſe of that Spr[ing
that Sabrine doth,) for euen to that place there goeth a great
arme of the Sea, which paſſing through the land westward,
on the right hand leaueth Co[rn]wal, and on the left Wales:
whiche Topographie or description, althoughe it be neſwe,
yet I thought good to follow. Therefore Wales is exſended
from the towne of Chepſtow, where it beginneth almost by a
ſtraight line a little aboue ſh[o]wſburie, euen to Westche-
ſter P[or]thward. Into that part, so many of the B[ry]p[ta]ines
as remayned aliuie after the slaughte and loſſe of their coun-
trap, at the length being diuuen to their Chiftes, did repayze,

as

V Vales.

This arme of
the Sea, as I
 judge, is novve
called A[us],
vvhere is a paſ-
sage betvveene
the village of
A[us]t and Chepa
ſtowe.

Scotland, Wales, &c.

11

as auntient writings report, where partly through refuge
of the mountaines, and partly of the woodes and marishes,
they remained in safetie: which part they enjoy euen to this
day. That land afterwards the English men did call Wales:
and the Bztaines the inhabitants of the same, Walhmen:
soz amongs the Germaines, Walshman, signifieth a stran-
ger, an alien, an outbozne oz strange man, that is, suche a
one, as hath a còtrarie language from theirs, soz Wal in their
tongue is called a stranger bozne, as an Italian oz French-
man, which differ in speech from the Germaine. Man signifi-
eth Homo, which is a Man in English. Therefore English-
men, a people of Germanie, after they had wonne Brytaine, cal-
led the Bztaines, whiche escaped after the destruction of
they? Country, after their Country maner, Walhmen, bi-
cause they had an other tongue oz speach besides theirs: and
the läd which they inhabited Wales, which name afterward
both to the people and country did remaine. By this meane
the Bztaines with their ringdome lotte their name. But
they which affirme that name to be deriued of their Kyng oz
Duène, without doubt be deceyued. The countrey soyle
towardes the Sea coast, in other places in the valleys and
playnes, is molle fer tile, whiche yeldech bothe to man and
beak great plenty of fruite and graffe: but in other places soz
the moſt part it is barraine ſelle fruitful, bicause it lacketh
tillage: soz whych cause hufbandmen doe liue hardly, eating
Oten cakes, ſdrinking Hilke mirt with water. There bee
many towns ſtrong Caffels, ſoure Bishoſickes, if the
Bishoſicke of Hereford be counted in England, as the late
Wzeters declare. The firſſe Bishoſicke is Meneue, so called
of Meneua, which at this day they call Saint Dauids, a Citie
very auntient, ſtituated oppon the Sea coast, and houndeth
Westwarde towarde Irelande. An other is Landaffe, the
thirde Bangor, and the fourth Saint Asaph, which be under y
Archbishop of Canterbury. The Welthme haue a language
ſto the Englishmen, which (as they ſay y fetch their pedigree
ſko y Troians) doth partly ſounde of the Trojan antiquittie,
and

Giraldus Coman
brancis.

Foure Bishops
in V Wales.

A description of England,

and partly of the Græke. But howsoeuer it is, the Walthe-
men doe not pronounce their speache so pleasauantlye and
gently as the Englishmen doe, bicause they speake more in
the thçeate:and contrariwise, the Englishmen rightly follo-
wing the Latines, do erpzeile their voice somewhat within
the lips, whiche to the hearers seueneth pleasaunt and swæte.
And thus much of Wales, the thirde part of Bzptaine.

Powe followeth the fourth and last part of Wzptaine na-
med Cornwal. This part beginneth on that side which lan-
deth towarde Spaine Westward: Toward the Easte, it is of
bredth foure sze and ten miles, extending a little beyond S.
Germains, which is a very famous village situate on y right
hand oppon the Sea coaste, where the greatest bredth of that
Countrey is but xx miles: for this parcel of land on the right
hande is compassed with the coast of the maine Sea : and on
the left hand with that arme of the sea, which (as befoze is de-
clared) parteth the land, and runneth vp to Chepstown, wher
the Country is in forme of a hozne: For at y first it is narrow,
and then groweth bzooder a little beyponde the sayd town of S.
Germain. Eastward it bozdzeth vp of Englåd: West, South,
& North, y main sea is round about it: it is a very barren soile,
ppeelding fruite more thzough travel of y tillers & hussådme,
than thzough the goodnesse of the ground : but there is greate
plentie of Lead & Tin, in the mining & digging wherof doth
specially consiff the living and suffentation of the inhabitants.
Their tong is far diffonant from English, but it is much like
to the Walsh tong, bicause they haue many words common to
both tongs: yet this difference there is between them, when a
Walsh man speaketh, the Cornish man rather vnderstandeth
manie words spoken by the Walshman, than the whole tale
he telleth, whereby it is manifek, that those thzæ people doe
vnderstand one another, in like maner as y Southern Scots
doe perceiue and vnderstand the Northern. But it is a thing
very rare and maruellous, that in one Island there should be
such barietie of spæches. Cornwal is in the Dioclesie of Erce-
ter, whiche was once wozhpy to be counted the fourthe parte

of

Coranval.

Scotlande, Wales, &c.

13

of the Jland, for the contrariety of the language. Afterwards
the Pozmas, which constituted a kingdome of all those threes
parts, reckened Cornwall to be one of the Counties of Shires
of the Countrey. Thus much of the particular description of
Bryfaine, that the whole bodie of the Realme (by the mem-
bers) maye be the better knowne to some peraduenture that
neuer heard the same before.

The forme of the Jlande is Triquetra, or threes cornered,
hauing threes corners, or threes sides: two whereof, that is to
saye, the corner toward the Caste, and the other toward the
Wealt (both extending Northwardes) are the longest.

Strabo, lib. 4..

The thirde side whiche is the South side, is farre Whoster
than the other : for the Jlande is greater of length than of
hredth. And as in the other two partes is conteyned the
length, euen so in last, the hredth, in which place the hredth
beginneth : and so continuing from the Southe parte to the
South, it is but narrowe. The first and right corner of which
Jland Castwarde, is in Kent, at Douer and Sandwich. From
whence to Callais or Boloigne in Fraunce, is the distance
of xxx. mples. From this Angle, which is against France, to
the thirde Angle, which is in the Southe in Scotlande, the
maine wherof boundeth upon Germanie, but no land saine,
(and there the Jland is like unto a wedge euen at the verve
Angle of the lande in Scotlande,) the length is seauen
hundred mples. Againe, the length from this corner at Do-
ner in Kent, to the uttermoste parte of Cornewall, being S.
Michaels mount (whiche is the West parte or West Angle)
is supposed to be threes hundered mples. From this lefte An-
gle being the West part and the uttermost part of Cornwal,
which hath a prospect towardes Spaine, in which parte also
standeth Irelande, situate betweene Britaine and Spaine
to the South Angle in the further part of Scotland, in which
parte the Jland doth end, the length is eight hundred miles,
in which part there be very good hauens, and safe harbo roughes
for thippes, and apte passages into Ireland, being not palle
one dayes sapling : but the Whoster passage is from Wales to

Water.

Of the first habitation
of this Flande, a short note to
the Reader.

Here it is recorded by the sacred and most aun-
tient Historie, that after the vniiuerfal floud, the
Isles of the Gentiles were diuided by the posteri-
tie of Iapheth the Sonne of Noah, wee doubt
not but this Isle of Brytaine was also then peo-
pled by his progenie, the Historie of whom, as it is

to be wised and appertinët to this purpose, so fith it is irreconvera-
ble, not onely vnto us, but also to other nations, I thinke it better to
say nothing therein, than to set downe here Samothes, Magus,
Sarron, Druys, and Bardus for his succeffours, which are uphol-
den and boulstered onely by the credite and authoritie of a newe
smal pamphlet falsely forged, and thraste into the worlde under
the title of the auntient Historian Beroſus. For that is the censure
of al the best learned, as concerning our common Beroſus, which at
his first appering, about one hundred yers since, was partly Suspect
by Lodouicus Viues, afterwarde conuinceed to be fabulous by
the lerned Gaf. Varrerius, in a feueral treatife, and now vniuer-


fally reiected of all skilful Antiquariesas, a mere fable unworthy
the name of Beroſus. Therefore I dare not grounde the beginning
of our Historie vppon the credite therof, vnleſſe I woulde be pre-
judicial to the trueth wherevnto I leuel al my endeauour. I hope
it ſhal bee ſufficient in this Historie for the Brytaines time, to
follow the authoritie of the receiued Brytisb Historie, which Gef-
frey Archdeacon of Monmouth tranflated out of the Brytishe
tong about. 400 yeares ſince, beginning with Brute, who after the
progenie of Iapheth ſeemeth to be firſte discouerer, namer, and
Ruler of this land. Yet before we enter into the History of Brute,
it ſhal not bee impertinente to note here that where as Pompo-
nius Mela mëtioneth that one Hercules killed Albion a Giant

abons

Genealogies.

Lodovicus Viues.

Gesparus Varres

13

The Brytans.

pecte, yet are they very antient indeede, and that they might
sème moze auntient, vse the moste auntient name of Coun-
treys and peoples. And some Englishhe writers aboue an
hundred yeares since, usually doe name it Brutan, and not o-
therwise, through a large hiftozie of thys lande, translated
oute of Frenche. Brute builded the Citie of neue Troy, now
called London, he stablished therein ŷ Troian laws, & gaue ŷ
bttermosſe Welſerne parte of the Realme to his companion
Corineus, of whose name it was called Corinea, and to thys
dap Cornval. Iohn Harding ſayth, that Brute bare Gules two
Lions rampant endozed Oze. Also a Banner of a Clerpian
of Golde fichule, crowned, and entronized, that were Æneas
armes when he entred the land of Latins. Iohn Hanuil in Ar-
chiuie, and Nicholas Vpton, ſaith he bare Oze a Lion paſſant
Gules.

I. MandEUil.

John Harding.
Iohm Hanuile,
Nichol.Ppton.

a barna vert, a diana

tremie

When his death approched, he divided the whole
Ilande among his thre fonnes, whiche he had by Innogen
his wife, Locrine, Camber, and Albanaſt. Unto Locrine he
gaue the middle parte betwene Humber and Seuern, whiche
of him was called Loëgria. To Camber he gaue all the regi-
on bevonde Seuern, which of him twok the name of Cambria,
and is now called Wales. To Albanaſt he gaue all the lands
beyond Humber, whiche of his name was called Albania: at-
ter whiche partition he deceaſed, when he had raigned. 24.
yeares, and was buried at neue Troy.

L
Ocrine, the eldest ſonne of Brute raigned. rr. yeares : hce
chased the Hunnes, whiche inuaded this realme: and pur-
fued them so harpely, that many of them with their Ryng
were drowned in a riuer whiche then parted Englande and
Scotland. And for somuch as the king of Hunnes, named Hü-
ber, was there drowned, the riuer is til this daye named
Humber. This king Locrine had to wife Guendoline, daugh-
ter of Corineus, Duke of Cornwall, by whome he had a ſon
named Madan. He also kept as Paramour, the beautifull
Lady Eſtrilde, by whom he had a daughter named Sabrine.
And after the death of Corineus, hce putte from hym the
ſaide

1084

Gauſtride.

Hovve Humber
cooke that name

The Brytans.

Sayde Guendoline, and wedded Estrilde: but Guendoline
repayzed to Cornwall, where theê gathered a greate po-
wer, and foughte with King Locrine, and siewe hym. Hêc
was buried at newe Troy. She drouned the Ladp Estrilde,
with hir daughter Sabrine in a Ryuer, that after the young
maydens name is called Seuerne.
Seuerne.

Vendoline the daughter of Corineus and wife to Locrine
(forsomuch as Madan hir son was two yong to gourne y
lande) was by common assent of all the Brytaines, made
ruler of the whole Isle of Brytaine, whiche the well and dis-
cretely ruled, to the comfozte of hir subiectes,rd. yeares, and
then left the same to hir sonne Madan.
Adan, the sonne of Locrine and Guendoline, was made
ruler of Brytain: he vsed great tiranny among his Bz-
tons: and being at his dispozt of hunting, he was deuou-
red by wild Wolues, when he had raigned. xl. yeres. He left
him two sons, named Mempricius and Manlius. One olde
pedigrêe faith, he builded the city of Madan, now of the riner
Don called Doncafter.
The King de-
nonored by
V Volues.
Doncafter
builded.

Empricius, the son of Madan, being King, by treason flue
his brother Manlius, after whose death he lyued in moze
tranquilitie, where through he fell in slouth, & so to lechery,
taking his wiues & daughters of his subiects: & lastly, became
so euil, that he forsoke his wife and concubines, and fell to
the sinne of Sodomie with beafts, whereby he became odible
to God & man. And going on huting, he lost his company, &
was deftroped of wilde Wolues, wherof the land was then
ful, when he had raigned. rr. yeares.
Branke, y son of Mempricius, was made ruler of Brytaine,
he had. rrj. wiues, of whom he recevued. rr. sons, and. rrr.
daughters: whyche were sente by their fathers to Alba
Siluius, the fourth King of Albanois in Italy, to be marryed
to the Albanes. This Ebranke firke after Brutus at-
tempted to inuade Fraunce wyth an armye, as Ia-
cobus Bergomas sayeth in hys firte of hys Chronicles, and
Iacobus Lestabeus in the description of Henault affyzmeth
B. y. the

1064

Gyvendoline
a Queene
raigned.
Gaufride.
Flores Historiar.

1049

The King de-
noured by
V Volues.

Doncafter
builded.

1009

A trayer to hys
brother, deuou-
red of yvilde
beafts.

989

Gaufride.

Flores Histaviar.

Iacobus
Bergomas.
Iacobus
Leffabem.

20

The Brytans.

Germanie toke
the name of
Ebranke his
sonnes, vvho
conquered the
same.

Bergomas.
Hector Boetius.

Dunbretain,
Edenbrough,
Bamburgh, and
Yorke builded.

the same, and that he was driven backe by Brunchildis Lord of Henault with no small losse of his men. Assaracus the second sonne of Ebzanke, with the rest of his yonger brethren 18.at the least, by the aide of Alba Silvius, conquered all Germanie, which was then no great matter, for then Europe was very smally inhabited, saue only about the Sea coasts, as Dalmatia, Italie, and the coasts of France, as in reading the hiftories may easily be scene how the East people at sundry times came swarming into Europe. Of these brethren had Germanic the name, à Germanis fratribus, that had subdue'd it. Ebzanke was a founder of many Cities (sayth Bergomas) as Alcluid in Albania (now Scotland) whiche is after Hector Boetius, Dumbetaine, but other thinke the same to be cleane destroyed. He made the Cassetl of Maidens, called Edenbrough. He made also the Cassetl of Bamburgh. In the rityl peare of his raigne he builded Kayrbranke, nowe called since by the Sarons, Euorwike, nowe corruptely Yorke, wherein he builded a Temple to Diana, & set there an Archflame, and was there buryed when he had raigned. LR. yeres.

John Rouse sayeth he builded Caier Menuir after it was called Bellisitum, at length Caier Boffa, Rhydohen, and Oxenford, of a certaine Foode, which John Leiland calleth Isis, in Englishe Ouse, and faith it is namely called Oxforde for Ouse forde.

929

B Rrutus, 2. the eldest son of Ebzanke, succeeded in the kingsdome, and for that his father had receyued suche a repulse at the hands of Brunchildis Lord of Henault, he, in reueng'e thereof inuaded Henault with a great army in the Fennes and Marchlande at the mouth of the Riuer Scaldis (of olde time named Stadus) and encamped him selfe upon the Riuer Hania, where betwene Brutus and Brunchildis, was soughten a strong battaile in that place, which to this day is called, Estam bruges, of the fation and campe of Brutus, as Iacobus Leffabeus writeth in his description of Henaulte. This Brute of his lustie courage was surnamed Græne Thielde, he raigned, xy. yeares, and was buried at Pozke.

Leill

The Brytans.

21

917

John Bradshaw.

Leill the sonne of Brute Greeneishelde, béeing a louer of peace, builded Carleile and repaired Carleon, whych was since by the Romaines reedified, when a legion of Souldiers was sent thither, and by them named The City of Legions, nowe called Chester, of the auntient bupldyng wypth baulges and towers, eche house like a Caffell, whych sometpme hadde béene of greate pleasaunce. A legion of the Romaines (as Vigetius repozteth) contained 6000.warriours 02 moe: whiche legion was divided into 10.bands, but the first palſed all the reſt, both in number of ſouldiours, and also in eſtimation: for this band bare the Eagle, whyche was the chiefest Standarde of the Romaines. This first bande contayned 1105. ſotemen, heauy armed hoſſemen 132. and was named Cohors militia, that is to ſay, a companpe of a thouſand and moe ſouldiours. This band is the head of all the legion: whensoeuer they muſte fight, these beginne the battaile, ¢ are first ſet in order in the front of the battell. The ſeconde band containeth 555. ſotmen, and 66. hoſſemen of heauy armour, and this bande is called Cohors quingentaria, that is to ſay, a company of 500. and moe ſouldiours. The thirde bande likewise hath 555. ſotmen, and 66. hoſſemen, The fourth bande hath 555. ſotemen, and 66. hoſſemen. The fifth bande hathe as many. These ſive bandes are ſet in araye in the firste battaille. The firſte bande hath 555. ſotemen, and 66. hoſſemen. The ſeauenth bande hath 555. ſotemen, 66. hoſſemen. The eighte bande hath 555. ſotemen, 66. hoſſemen. The ninth bande hath 555. ſotemen, 66. hoſſemen. The tenth hath 555. ſotemen, 66. hoſſemen. These ten bands make a ſul and perfect legion, contayning 6100. ſotemen, and 726. hoſſemen. King Leill in the ende of his, raigne ſel to ſlouth and luff of the body, by mean wher of ciuill strike was rapſed, and not in hys dayes ended. He raigned. rrb. yeares, and was buried at Carleile alias Chester.

W. ity.

Chester

Canterburie-
V Winchelver, &
Shaftſbury
built.

Loyd
the ſe-
thzen
Cer-
rope
aſts,
ding
ſun-
zen
ſub-
Ber-
s af-
te to
ens,
gh,
owe
orke,
rche-
res.
was
ford,
En-
duſe-
ing-
ulſe
liege
nes
olde
Ri-
was
is
as
ite.
ne-
leil

The Brytans.

chester and Caerfpton now called Shafizburie, wherein he
built thre Temples, and placed in the same Flamines,
He raigned rrr. yeres.

Flores Historiarum

863

Stamford an
Vniuersitie.

Ladud the sonne of Rudhudibras, who had long studied at
Athens, brought him with him from Philosophers, to kæpe
Scholc in Brytaine: for the whiche he builded Stamforde, and
made it an Universitytie, wherein he had greate number of
Scholars studying in all the seauen liberall Sciences: who-
the Universitytie dured to the comming of Saint Augustine.
At whiche time the Bithoppe of Rome interdited it for here-
sis that fel among the Sarons and Brytons togither mixt,
so sayth Harding. He builded Caier Badon or Bathe, and made
there a Temple to Apollo, and placed there a Flamine: he
made also the hote Bathes, and practised hys Eccroman-
cie: he decked himselfe in feathers, and presumed to flie, but
by falling on his Temple, he brake his necke, when he had
raigned. rr. yeres.

John Harding.
I. Roufe.
John Bale in
hys Votaries.
Bathe vyvth the
hote Bathes
built.
The King at-
tempteth to flie.

L'ire sonne of Bladud succeeded his father. He builded Caier
Lair upon the Riuer Sore, now called Lyecester, and made
there a Temple of Ianus, placing a Flamine to gouverne the
sime. He had thre daughters, Gonorel, Ragan, & Cordeile,
whyche Cordeile for hir vertue and wisedome towards hir
father, succeeded him in the kingdome. When he had raigned
rl. yeres he deceassed, and was burped under the channell
of the Riuer Sore, wythin Leicester. Thys vault under the
earth was builte in honour of Ianus Bifrons. There all the
Wozkemen of that Citie, when the Solemnitie of the dave
came, begun al things that thep had to do the yere following.

Leycester built.
Flores Historiarum.

844

I. Roufe.

Ordila, y yongest daughter of Leire, succeeding his father,
was sovered by his two nephues, Morgan of Albanie,
& Conedagius of Camber and Cornwall, who at the length toke
& cast him in prison: where he being in dispayse of recovering
his estate, clewe his selfe, when he had raigned v. yeres, and
was burped at Leicester in Ianus Temple, by his father.

805

Organ, the eldest sonne of Dame Gonorell, claymed
Brytaine, and warred on hys nephewe Conedagius, that
was

800

The Brytans.

23

was King of Camber (that nowe is Wales) and of Corn-
wall: but Conedagius mette with Morgan in Wales, and
there flewe hym: whyche place is called Glamorgan till
this daye. And then Conedagius was Kyng of al Brytaine.
He builded a Temple of Mars at Perche, that now is Saint
Johns Towne in Scotlande, and placed there a Flamine:
He builded another of Minerua in Wales, whyche now is
named Bangor. The thirde he made of Mercurie in Corn-
wall, where he was bozne. He reigned. xxxiij. peares, and
was burped at newe Troy.

Hovv Glamorganshire tooke that name.

Saint Johns toyvn builded.

Bangor built.

Ruallo, sonne of Conedagius, succeeded his father, in whose
tyme it rained bloude thzée dapes: after whyche tempes
enfued a greate multitude of venemous Flies, whych flewe
muche people: and then a greate mortalitie thzoughout this
land, which caused almost desolation of the same. This Ri-
uallo reigned ouer this whole Jland. xlvij. yeares, and then
deceafled, and was burped at Caierbranke, that nowe is
Torke. Rome was builded in Italy by Remus and Romulus
356. yeares after Brute arruied in this lande.

766
Blonde rayned.
Flores Hifloriarh.

Rome builded.

G Vigustus, sonne of Ruallo succeeded in the Ringdome of
Brytaine, who reigned quietly, but was a common dzunt-
kard, wherof followed all other vices. When he had raig-
ned. xxxviiij. yeares, hee deceafled, and was buried at Yorke.

S Cicilius, brother of Gurgustus, succeeded in the Ringdome:
of whome is lefte but little memorie: hee reigned. xlix.
yeares, and was buried at Bathe.

I Ago o: Lago, Cousin of Gurgustus, reigned. xxx. yeares:
foz his euil gouernement he dyed of a Litargie, and was
burped at Yorke.

Johannes de
Vigney.
Game of Chesse
deuiſed.

John de Vigney, in his Booke named The Moralization
of the Chesse, ſayeth, that the ſame game of the Chesse,
was deuifed by Xerxes the Philosopher, otherwise named
Philometre, to repreoue and coorlete the cruell minde of a ſa-
mous Tyzant called Enilmerodach Kyng of Babilon (as is
suppofed) about the peare beſoze Chzytkes byzih. 614.

Kimmacus reigned. liiiij. peres, and was buried at Yorke.

B.iiy.

Gorbodug,

612

24

The Brytans.

559

Flores Historiarum.

496

The brother
flue the brother,
and the mother
murthered his
ovyne sonne.

Brutes line ex-
singuished.

442

First King that
vvare a crovvn
of gold, vvho
builded Black-
vvell Hall.
The secoude
Lavves vvere
Mulmutius
lavves.
Flores Historiarum.

401

Flores Historiarum.
I. Leiland,
Gansfride.

GOrbodug raigned thzée scoze and thzée peares, and was
burped at newe Troy.

Ferrex with his brother Porrex, ruled Brytaine flue peres:
but it was not long ere they fell at civil distozde for the
foueraigne dominion, in whyche Ferrex was slaine, and
Porrex afterwardes by his mother, whose name was
Idoine, was killed in his bed. Thus cruelly was the bloude
and house of Brute deslroyed, when this realme by the space
of 616. peares had bæne governed by that lynage.

After this the realme was divided with civil warres, for
lacke of one soueraigne governoz, vntil Dunwallo reduced
the same into one Monarchie.

MULmutius Dunwallo, the son of Cloten, Duke of Corn-
wall, reduced this Realme into one Monarchie, being
befoze by civil warres and diffention senered and hzoughte
into diuers dominions : he was the firste that ware a crown
of golde : he constituted good lawes, whyche long after were
called Mulmutius Lawes. These lawes holy Gildas wote
oute of the Bizith spæch into Latine. He gaue prieuledges
unto Temples, and ploughes, and beganne to make the
foure notable wayes in Brytaine. In newe Troy he builded
a greate Temple called Templum Pacis, which some suppose
to be Saint Paules, some Blackwell Hall, and wythoute
doubte, the olde worke of Blackwel Hall now remayning,
was the Jewes Synagogue. He raigned. rl. peares, leauing
after him two sonnes, Belinus and Brennus. He was buryed
in the Temple of Peace whiche he had builded.

Elinus and Brennus, sons of Mulmutius and Cornou-
na, divided this whole Isle of Brytaine betwene them.
Unto Beline the elder brother was appointed Englande,
Wales, and Cornwall. Unto the other the North parte be-
yond Humber. This Brennus, a pong man, desirous of glo-
ry and dominion, rapsed warre againste Beline. But in
conclusion, by means of their mother, they were accorded,
and Brennus being wholly giue to study of wars, left his
country to the government of his brother, and wet into France amon-
gest

The Brytans.

25

geſt y Galles, where for his ercellèt qualities he was great-
ly effeemed, & made of them theyz soueraigne Captaine, with
who he palled into Italie, ſacked Rome, and expelling the Tur-
canes, builded Millain, Brefcia, Como, Bergamo, Vincenza, Trent, &
Verona, whiche he called after his owne name Brenona. After Iuſtine,
this (as writeth Trogus Pompeius, abridged by Iuſtine,) hee
raised an holſe of 150000. ſwemen, and 15000. horſemen, &
inuaded Macedone againe. When Soſthenes ſawe how they
lawked the Countrey and villages, he mette them with his
holſt of Macedones well appointed. But by reaſon they were
ſewe, and their enemies manpe, they were ſone put to the
worſer. Wherefore while the Macedones being beaten, kept
them within the walles of their Cities, Brennus like a con-
querour, againſt whom no man durſt thew his head to make
reſſuſaunce, foraged al the Iles of Macedone. And from thence
as though those botties and ſpuples ſeemed two base and ſim-
ple in his eye, he tourned his minde to the Temples of the
Goddes immorſtall, malapertlye ſcoffing that the goddes
were riche, and ought to departe liberally to men. Therfore
he toke his iournep towards Delphos, setting more by y gaint
of the gold that had ben offered to the Goddes, than by theyz
displeasure.

The Temple of Apollo at Delphos, is ſituate in y mount
Parnassus, upon a cliffe on euery ſide falling ſtæpe downe.
There the confluence of men hath made a populous Cittie.
Moreouer both the Temple and the towne are enclosed
with the ſkæpenesse of the rocke. The middle part of the rocke
inwarde is in ſaſhion like a Theatre, by meanes whereof
when men make any thouting, or any Trumpet is ſounded,
the ſame breaketh & redoundeth in ſuch wised upon the ſtones
from one to another, that the Echo is herd double and treble,
the noyce refounding farre lowder than it wente forſth. The
whyche cauſeth the ignozaunt to ſtande in moze ſeare, thin-
king it to be the preſence of the Godheade. In the winding
of the rocke, almost mid-way to the toppe of the Hil, there is
a little playne, and in the ſame a dæpe hole into the ground,
B.b.
which

B.b.

which

The Brytans.

which serueth to giue Dracles: Out of the which a certaine
colde breath ascending vpwarde, stirreth the mindes of the
Prophetes into a madnesse, and so compelleth them to giue
aunsweare to such as come for counsayle. In the same place
therefoze, there are to be scene many and riche gifts of kyngs
and peoples. Wherefoze when Brutus came within the view
of the Temple, he was in doubt a greate whyle, whether he
wer better to attempt the matter foorthwith, or giue his soul-
diours that nights respite to rest them. Euridanus and Thef-
salonus, who for courtousnesse of the praye, hadde iopned
themselues with him, willed to cut off al delay, while they
enemies were onprouided, where as by giuing them that
nights respite, theyr enimes should perchance get both cou-
rage and succour: but the common soultours of the French-
men, when after long penurie, they founde a Countrey re-
plenished with wine, and all other kind of viduals, they dis-
persed themselues in the fields, making hauock of al things
like conquerours, by which meanes the Delphians had respit
to lap for themselves, and manned the towne by the helpe of
theyr nepghbours, or ever the Frenchmen could be called
from the wyne Fat to their randarde. Brennus had thre SCOZE
and five thousand chosen fowtenen of the best in al his houſe,
where as the Delphians were in al but. 4000 fighting men.
In disdayne of whiche small handful, Brennus to the enfente
to sharpen the mindes of his men, chewed them all, what a
riche and plentiful pray they should haue. The Frenchmen
being by this bouching of their Captaine, or rather by theyr
owne beholding, stirred vp, and also wounded with the wine
they had poured in the day before, without respite of any da-
ger ran heXLong to the encounter. On the contrarie part, the
Delphians putting more truffe in God than in their owne
strength, resuffed theyr enempes, and what with kones, and
what with their weapons, chized the Frenchmen (as they
scaled,) headlong from the top of the mountain. While the
two parties were thus kriuing one with another, sodainely
the Priektes of al the Temples, and the Prophetes, wþth
theyr

The Brytans.

27

they have about their ears, &c. like men draught out of their wittes, came running into the front of the battle, crying out, that while they were making their supplications to God so apride, they met a pong man of beautie and personage, far excelling any mortal creature, and in his company two virgins in armour, wherefore they besought them, seeking the Gods did garde their handarde, they should not sticke to dispatch their enimies. And therewithall they forthwith perceived that God was present on their side. For both a piece of the mountaine being broken off, by a sodaine earthquake, overwhelmed the French holt, and the thicket of they ennies (not without gret slaughter,) were opened and put to flight. In the necke whereof there ensued a tempest, with hayle, thunder, and lightning, consuming as manye as were anye thing soe wounded. The Captaine Brennus himselfe not being able to abpyde the smarte of his wounds, soke a swoode and killed himselfe. Thus farre abridged out of Iustine.

Brennus killeth himselfe.

Beline in the meane time bothe in civil justice and also Religion, greatly encreased his realm. He made three Archflamines, whose seas were at new Troy, Kayrbranke, & Kayrlegion. He knifed the soure greate wayes begon by his Father: he subdued and made tributarie unto him Danmarke. In newe Troy he made the Hauen, whiche at this day refapneth the name of hym, called Belines Gate: And as John Leland wapteth, he builded the Towne of newe Troy. He married his daughter Cambria, unto a Prince of Almaine called Antenor, of whome these people were called Cymbri, and Sycambri.

Archflames. Foure notable vrayes.

Belines gate. builded. John Leland.

Tovver of Lande. do first builded.

Finally, after he had raigned with his brother and alone rroj. yeares, he dyed: and after the Pagan manner, with great pompe was burned, and his albes in a dessell of brasse set on a hygh Pynacle ouer Belines Gate. He builded Carlheon hoppoll the River Vike, which since by a legion of the Romanes there placed, was named Caerlegion, now cleane destroyed.

Flores Ristoratiuam.

Gurgunftus

The Brytans.

29

with it, by whom he was clean denoured when he had raigned eight yeares.

Orbomannus, eldest sonne of Morindus, raigned eleauen yeres: a Prince iuste and religious: he renued the Temples of his Gods, and gouerned his people in peace & welth. This Gorbomannus builded Grantham in Lincolnshire. Dur English Chironicle faith, he builded bothe the townes of Cambridge and Grantham : but seeing that Cambridge in auntient Chironicles is called Grant (as it is also Grant-chelfer, Cairgrant, and Grantbridge) it was an easie matter (as Gramarians knowe) to translate Grantham into Cambridge, and so ascribe the building of bothe Townes to him that builded but one of them.

303

Caxton
Grantham
builded.
I. Rouse.

A Rchigallo, brother to Gorbomannus, was crowned pyng of Bystaine: he was in conditions unlike to his brother: for he deposed the noblemen, and eralted the vnnoble. He erforted from men their goods to enriche his treasurie: for which cause by the effates of the Realme he was depriued of his roupall dignitie, when he had raigned five yeares.

292

The King
depriued.

E Lidurus, the third sonne of Morindus, and brother to Archigallo, was elected King of Bystaine: a vertuous & gentle Prince, who gouerned his people iustly. As he was hunting in a forest, by chaunce he met with his brother Archigallo, whome moſte louingly he embraced, and found the meanes to reconcile him to his Lords, and then resigned to him his roupall dignitie, when he hadde raygned five yeares.

286

A Rchigallo, thus reſtored to his roupall effate, ruled the people quietly and iustly tenne yeares, and lyeth burped at Pوزke.

282

E Lidurus afozenamed, after the death of his brother Archigallo, for his pietie and Juitice, by the generall consent of the Bystaines was again chosen King. But he raigned not paſſing two yeares, but that his yonger breathen, Vigenius and Peredurus rapsed warre againſt him, toke him prieſoner, and caſſe him into the Tower of newe Trop, where hee

272

The Brytans.

he remayned during their raigne.

Vigenius and Peredurus, after the taking of their brother, reigned togither seuen yeares. Vigenius then dyed, and Peredurus reigned after alone two yeres. He builded a town of Pickering in the North parts of Yorkeshire.

Lidurus, the thirde time was made king, who continued his latter raigne honourablie and justlye : but being soe bused with age and troubles, he finished his life, when hee had no we lastlye reigned foure yeares, and was buried at Carlile.

Gorbonian reigned in Brytaine ten yeares.

Morgan guided the Realme peaceably fourteene yeres.

Merianus his brother, when hee had tyzannouslye rayned seauen yeares was deposed.

Val was chosen King for his justice, and temperance, which governed peaceably twentie yeares.

Imo governed this Realme sixteene yeares, his time was peaceable.

Geruncius reigned in Brytaine twenty yeares.

Atellus reigned peaceably ten yeares, he hung up all op- pzeffozs of the poze, to give example unto other.

Oilus succeded Catellus, who quietlye reigned twentie yeares.

Porrex, a vertuous and gentle Prince, reigned five yeares.

Hirimus, throughe his drunkennesse, reigned but one yeare.

Fulgen his son reigned two yeares in Brytaine.

Eldred, reigned in Brytaine but one yeare.

Androgius, likewise reigned but one yeare.

Rianus the sonne of Androgius, wholy gaue himselfe to the lukes of the fleshe, and reigned thre yeares.

Eliud reigned five yeares, who was a great Alkronomer.

Dedantius King of Brytaine reigned five yeares.

Detonus reigned in this lande two yeares.

Gurgineus reigned thre yeares in Brytaine.

Merianus

The tovne of
Pickering built.
Caxton.
I. Roufe.
270
261

A good example.

The Brytans.

31

Merianus was king of Brytaine two yeares.

115

Bladunus governed this lande of Brytaine two yeares.

112

Capenus reigned king of Brytaine three yeares.

111

Ouinus ruled this land of Brytaine two yeares.

108

Silius reigned in this land of Brytaine two yeares.

106

Ledgabredus reigned ten yeares, and gaue himselfe to the
Studie of Musicke.

104

Archemalus was king of Brytaine two yeares.

94

Ldolus reigned foure yeares. In his time diuerse prodigies were seene, as Globes of fire, burking out of the ayze with great rayse, etc.

91

Prodigious
Agnes.

88

Rodianus was king of Brytaine two yeares.

86

Redargius reigned king of Brytaine three yeares.

83

Samulius reigned king of Brytaine two yeares.

81

Penisellus was king of Brytaine three yeares.

78

Pyrrhus ruled this land of Brytaine two yeares.

76

Caporus, was king of Brytaine two yeares.

74

D Inellus, the son of Caporus, a iust and vertuous prince, governed this Realme foure yeares.

70

H. Elius his sonne, reigned not fully one pere. Of this prince the title of Elie toke the name.

66

L Vd the eldest sonne of Hely, succeeded his father: he ame-
ded his laws, and toke away al vsages that wer nought:

Lud repayred &
fortified Lon-
don.

Flores Hift.

mozeouer he repayred the Citie of new Troy with faire buildings and walles: and builded on the Weale parte thereof, a strong gate, which vnto this time retayneth the name of him and is called Ludgate. Finally, he dyed, leauing after hym two sonnes: Androgius and Theomantius: who not being of the age to gouerne, their dncle Cafsibelan obtayned the Crown. London toke the name of Lud, and was called Ludston. He was buried nere to the same Ludgate, in a Temple which he there builded.

Ludston, or Lon-
don toke the
name of king
Lud.

C Afsibelanus, the sonne of Hely, after the deathe of his houether Lud, was made gouvernour of Brytaine, which ruled rir. yeares. In the viif. yeare of his raigne, Iulius Cæsar comming vnto that parte where Caleps and Boloigne

58

Iobu B. Ict.

Iulius Cæsar his
first voyage
into England.

Eustropus.

now

The Brytans.

now stand, determined to make warre into Wizptaine, which
until that time remained unfrequented and unknown of the
Romains. His quarrell was, because in the wars of France,
he percepued the Frenchmen to haue much succour and apde
from thence: And because he could not understand nor learn
the greatnesse of state of the Ilad, neither what nations they
were whiche inhabited the same, nor what laws, customs,
our kinde of gouvernemente they used, nor yet what Pauens
they had, able to recepue any number of chips, he sent Caius
Volusenus before with a Galley, to discover as muche as hee
coulde, concerning those matters, who within fivee daves af-
ter retourned to Caesar, declaring such things as he had learn-
ed by coasting alongst the shore, so he durste not soke ore of
the Wizptaines stirre out of his Galley. In the meane space
there came Embassadours from many Cities of the Ille, and
delivered him Hostages, with whom he sent Comius of Ar-
ras, charging him to exhort and perswade the refle of the Ci-
ties and Counties to do the like. And he himselfe soothly ab-
ter hauing prepared lxxx. ships, layed into Wizptaine, where
at the first being wearied with an harde and tharpe battaple,
and after with sodaine tempeft his nauie almost destroyed: he
refourned againe into Fraunce, there to winter his men.

The next Spring (which was the yere before Christ, 51.)
his Paupe being newe rigged and encreased, he passed the
Seas againe with a greater armee, but whiles he went to-
wards his enimies on land, his ships lying at Anker, were
driuen on the sands, where they stacke fast: or else through
beating one against another, with force of the tempeft, they
were destroyed, so that rl. were lost, the other with muche la-
bour were saued. In the meane space Sæua one of Cæsars sol-
diours, with foure others, who before in a small vessel were
conueyed to a rocke neare the Ille, and by ebbing of the Ocean
being sofaken, a great number of Wizptaines fell on a sove-
Romaines, and some of his companions (though but fewe)
found meanes to returne by boate, but Sæua remained with
out fear in the midft of his enimies darts: first with his speare
he

Eustropius.

Cæsars Com-
mentaries.

Tito
voyages
of Caesar.

Eustropius.

The Romanes.

33

speare he resifted them, after with his sword he alone foughte
against many of them, and when he was both wearie & wou-
ded, and had loft his helmet and shielde, with two light har-
nesses, he ranne to Cæsars tents, and asked pardō of the Em-
perour for his ouerboldnesse, who not onely forgaue him, but
honozed him with the Office of a Centurion. Upon land Cæ-
sars hozſſemen at the firſt encounter were banquished, & La-
berius Durus the Tribune ſaine in a place now called Chesto
lwood neare vnto Rochester, (as faith the Chronicle of Wyg-
more.) At the ſecond conflict, not wout great daunger of his
men, he put the Bzptaines to fight, from thence he went vnto
the riuer Thamis, on y further side wherof Caffibelanus with
a great multitude of people was keeping the banks, who had
ſet all the ſayde bankes, and al the shallow places, vnder the
water with sharpe ſtakes, every one of them as big as a mās
thighe, bounde aboute with leade, and diuuen so ſaſt into the
bottom of the riuer, that they can neuer be remoued, (so faith
Bede, and Aſſer.) who affirme that in their times the ſayde
ſtakes were eſaile perceived to remaine as aforesayd. But
Caffibelanus and his Brytains not being able to refiſt the big-
lence and ſorce of the Romaines, hid themselves in woods, &
with sodaine eruptions oftentimes inuaded them: but in the
meane time London their ſtrongest Citie submitted it ſelfe, &
delivered hoffages to Cæsar, who at their requeſt placed Mā-
dubratius to be their gouernour, whose Father called Ima-
nentius, being chieſe Lord oſ ruler of the Trinobants, Caffi-
belane had before ſaine, wherewith Mandubratius ſled, and
comming to Cæsar, not only submitted hym ſelf, but also was
a great meanes (as many doe wive) for Cæsar to subdue the
reſt: pet did Caffibelane ſende messengers to the ſoure Kings
that ruled in the quarters of Kente, that with al they puſ-
sance they hold ſet on the Romaines that lap next the: their
names wer Cingetorex, Caruilius, Taximagulus, & Segonax,
who obeving his requeſſe were discomſited, and Cingetorex
taken, wherewithal Caffibelane being dismaped after many
loſſes, was conſtrayned to giue pledges, and to agrée that

C.

Brytaigne

Cro Wigmore.

Cæsars Comen.

Bede.

Aſſer.

London submitted to Cæsar.

The Romanes.

Brytaine should become tributarie to Romaines. Then Cæsar like a conquerour, with a great number of prisoners sayled into Fraunce and so to Rome, where after his retourne out of Bypaine, he consecrated to Venus a surcotte of Bypayne Pearles, the desire wherof partly moued him to inuade this Countrep : shortlie after he was by the Senate slaine in the Counsel house. Iohn Lydgate, Iohn Roule and others write, that Iulius Cæsar builded in this lande the Castels of Doner, of Canturburie, Rochester, and the Towne of London, the Castell and towne of Cæsars Burie, taking his name after Cæsar, the which is now called Salisburie. He also edified Cæsars Chester, that now is called Chichester, and the castel of Excester.

Cæsar in his Commentaries sayth, the Brytons comve was of bzaffe, or else rings of Iron fixed at a certaine waight, in feade of money : they thoughte it a hepnous thing to taffe a Hare, a Hen, or a Cowse: they clothed themselues in Lether: they dyed theselues with woade, which setting a blewith colour upon them, made them moze terrible to beholde in batel: they ware theyz haire long, and thaued all partes of their bodies, sauing the head and upper lippe : they had tenne or twelve wines a piece, common with themselues, specially theyz brothers with bzothers, and parentes wyth theyz children, but the issue that came of them was accounted his that firme married the mother.

Theomantius, the sonne of Lud, and nephew to Caisibelan, succeeded in the Realme of Brytaine, and raigned quietlie riiij. peares: he was burped at London.

OCTAVIUS Augustus desiring to be like Iulius Cæsar his Father (soz so he alwayes tearmed him) prepared an expedition in Bypaine, but being come so farde into Fraunce, understanding that the Panonians lately subdued, rebelled, he tourned his power againstke them, and altered his minde as touching our Countrep.

The fourthe vere after, he opened the Temple of Ianus at Rome, fully determining to inuade Bypaine, but when he had marched on his way, as far as Ariminum, Ambassadois

ak

Iulius Cæsar
conquering the
vvorld yas
slain vvith
bodkins.
Eutropius.
Iohn Lydgate.
Flarie.
Stuetonius.

The Castels of
Doner, Cancer-
bury, Rochester
&c. tovver of
London built.
Salisbury, Chi-
chester, & Ex-
cester builded,

Cæsars Comen-
mentaries tou-
ching the bar-
barousnesse of
Brytons.

37

34

Dion.Caſiua.
Lib. 4.5.

25

The Romanes.

35

of Bzptaine met him, humbly suing for peace, & submitting
thenselfues vnto his obedience and protection. Wherfor he
kayed again to settle some troubles then raised in Fraunce.

The peare following, bycause the couenats between hym
and the Bzptains could not be agreed upon, he made pro-
uision for a thirde expedition into thys Ile, but an actual re-
bellion in Biscaay and Sauoy with heldo him then also. But
choykly after Ambassadours came from Bzptaine to Rome in-
treating for peace, wearing filthily in the Temple of Mars,
offering giftes in the Capitoll to the Gods of the Romaines:
and submitted part of the Ile vnto Angustus. Now the Bzpy-
taines beganne firft to pay tolles and tribute without grud-
ging, for all wares which they traded, whiche were for that
time, Juozie bores, fonges, ouches, & other trinckets of am-
ber and glasse. And all here were so quiet, that one bande of
souldiers and a felwes hozemen were sufficiente to kepe the
Ile in the Romaine posseffion.

Vnobelinus the sonne of Theomantius raigned king in
Bzptaine. xxxv. yeares, and was buried at London. In the
rity. yeare of his raigne Christe our fantioure was bozne in
Bethlehem of Iuda.

From this place following, the yeares from Christ
his byrth are placed in the
Margent.

When Cæsar Augustus the seconde Emperoure, by the
will of GED hadde kablifhed moſte sure peace
throughe the Worlde, our redemer Iesu Christe, verye
God and man, was bozne in the rity. yeare of the raigne of
Augustus, he began to prieache the xv. yeare of Tiberius, and
suffered his passion the rv. yeare of the ſame Tiberius, ac-
cording to the Porpheries. But here is to be noted, that the
firſt pere of our Loxd hath but ſeven days, after ſome compu-
tation, for he was bozne the rrv. day of December, & the firſt
of Januarie following, began the ſecond yeare.

C.H.

Guiderius.

Dio. 55.
Golezius.

24

Strabo.lib.4.

14

Anno Christi

I

Ex Eufchi.
Paulus Oroſi.
Baptista Platina.
Martinus
Polonius.

36

The Romanes.

21

Flores Hifloriarı

G Viderius, þ first son of Cunobelinus, was orðayned Ryng. This man was valiaunte, hardie, wealthie, and klusted muche in his strengthe. And for that he thought the Romains had their tribute wongfullye, he of great courage denyed to pay the same.

Wherefoze Tiberius the Emperour purposed to come hither in person, but death preuented him. Guiderius raygned 23. peares. Aruiragus, or rather (as the Brytapnes tearne him) Monrigus, the pongest sonne of Cunobelinus, and brother of Guiderius. Was orðayned King of Brytaine: he flew Hamon neare to a haué of the sea, þ threw him gobbet meale therin, it is now called South-hampton. He streigthned the Castell of Douer, and also the Castle of Richbourgh, neare unto Sandwich in Kent. He reigned, rrvit. yeres, and was buried at Gloucester.

Geffrey Mow.

Hunfrey Lhuyd.

G. Mon.

Chre. Douer.

40

Suesonius.

Diæ. lib. 59.

The ridiculo'rs
expedition of
Caligula into
Brytaine.

A lbeit the Brytaine Historie doth here place Aruiragus, yet it is probable þ Cunobelinus as yet lined, for about, 40. peares after Christ: Adimus the sonne of Cunobeline banched out of Brytaine by his Father, was received into protection by Caius Caligula the fourth Emperour, who was the first forwarde with greate preparation againste Brytaine, but when he came into the parties of Holland againste Norfolk hekkaped, writing haunting letters to þ Senate, that al Brytaine was yeielded onto him, because Adimus had so done. Afterwarde as though he would immediately fight a fielde, he cast his men into battayles, and squadrons vpon the sea coaste, disposing all his Engines in most warlike manner (no man knowing what he ment): this done he hymselfe in a Gallye launched into the sea, and immediately returning, he caused the Trumpets to sound to battayle, and sodainly commaunded them to gather cockles and muscle shelles, and therewith to fill their helmets, saying they were spoyles due to the Capitoll, and in these spoyles he greatlie triumphed, as though he had subdued the Ocean. He rewarded his souldiers, and refourned to Rome, after he had built a high watche Towne in token of his victory against the sea, the ruins wherof are great

The Romanes.

37

great remaining in Holland, but overflowed by the water, and is to this day called the Brytons house, in remembrance of this ridiculous expedition against Brytaine, by the persuasion of Boricus banished out of Brytaine.

Brytaine house
in Holland.

45

Laudius the Emperoure dispatched Aulus Plantius to an armp into Brytaine, when after diverse conflicts who he had received part of the Bodum into his tuition, and hadde flaine Cataracus and Togodinus sonnes of Cunobeline, & thereby had made the Bztains more eager to reuerge, he sent for Claudius himselfe, who with great preparation and Ele- phants, came into Brytanne to his armp, then encamped near the Thames, with which he passed over into Essex, fought with the Bztanies, obtained the victorie, took the chiefe Cityte of Cunobeline, and all weapons from the Bztaynes, and so returned to Rome the sixth month after he sette forth from thence, where he triumphed, furnaming his sonne Brytanicus: to whom the triumphe he permitted not only the presidents of provinces, but also certain banished prisoners to repape to Rome: and amidst the spoyles taken from the Bztains, he fired on the top of his Pallace a crown of gold be set with: and so he was and so he was banquished the Bztish Ocean. He behaued himselfe very courteously towards diverse of his friendes, in so much that when Plantius (a notable man) who in his voyage whych he made into Brytaine, achieved diuers notable acts, and shold triumph for the same, the Emperour himselfe accompanied him, and (the use being such as that with his triumph he shold go by into the Capitoll) Claudius gave him the preeminence, and went on the left hand.

Dio.
Suctonius.

At this time Vespasian who was after Emperor, was sent by Claudius into Bztain, when he fought 30 times with the Brytaines, subdued to the Roman Empire two worthy nations, above 20 townes, and the Isle of Wight.

Storius was appointed lieuetenaunt in Brytaine for the Romans, who at his first entry in the beginning of Win- ter assailed the Bztaines, & purposeth to pen them down and

City. include

50

38

The Romanes.

include the with rivers & fortifications, where once he made an insurrection, which when he had pacified some slaughter, he marched again with Gangi, so raging at the Countries as he passed, but was forced by new tumults to tourne from them again with Brigants, who with some slaughter, & promise of pardon, he pacified. The one made soouisio again with Silures which inhabited South-wales, bearing these laws bold upon the puissance of Caratacus a valiant British king, who being skilful of the Country, remoured with war into Shropshire, where he fortified an amBILE craggie mountainess a place strong by situation, where neither theelle the Romans prievated. The wife daughter, and bezethen of Caratacus were taken, and he flying to Cartismünde a q. ruling in Shropshire, was by his deliuered captive to his enemies. in the places after the warres began, who sending him to Rome, was ther in open assemblie brought before him, Claudius, with his wife, daughter, bezethen, and friends, and such spouses as had bin taken from him, where he (nothing dismembered in spirit or countenance,) spake after this fashion to Claudius:

If my moderation of prosperous successes had bin correspondet to my state and nobility, I might have come to this City, rather a friend than a Captain: neither you have disdayned to admit me into league, being descended of noble parentage, and soueraigne over many nations. This present state of mine, as it is villanous toward me, so it is honorable to you. I had hope, men, money, munition, & what wonder is there, if I had lost them unwillingly. For if you will rule and raigne over all, of necessity all must come into Slavery: if I had pleased at the first, neither my fortune nor thy glory had bin renouned, & the oblivion of me had ensued immediately after my execution: but if you save my life, it shall be an euerlasting example of your clemency. At these words Claudius remitted his offence, granted him life, & the Senate adjudged Ostorius worthy to triumph: but in the mean time the inhabitants of South-wales, to revenge Caratacus captuitedie intercepted & discomfited certain bands of the Romans, amidst which new wars, Ostorius tired his travel, departed this life.

Claudius

In Ostorius time certaine Cities were given to Cæsarumque a British king, and a Colonia of Romans where placed here.

The Romanes.

39

42

TACITUS. 3. 11. 10.

CLaudius sent Didius to supply the place of Ostorius now he departed, but in the mean time he Silures fought so fortunatly against the legions which was under the conduct of Manlius Valens. In this time war broke out between the Cartifmanda and of the Brigantes. Venutius hir husband, whom he refused, matched hir self with Velloccatus his Esquire: whereupon Venutius fauozed of the people, all apyed hir territory, and the succoured by his Romains, after he had intercepted by treacherous Venutius brother and allies, fought with him. When after a sharp fight, he by the ayde of his Romaines, preuayled, as also Cælius Nasica did his legion against the Brytans in an other place: so Didius vsed others in these matters, because he was aged, so onely kept his which others had heretofore conquered.

61

CLaudius being now poysoned by Agrippina his wife, Nero Chir son obteyned his Romain Empire, about the. 7. yeare of his raigne Verennus was appointed lieutenant here, who died within three yere of his government, saying he would have subdued provinces, had he suruied but so. yeares, but about this time great slaught er was here of the Romaines.

62

SVetonius Paulinus was the son of hither, who at his arrival purposing to subdue Anglesey, whither many Bzymtains had wurdzawne these Melues, he in bests w flat keels ferried ouer his fottme, bringing ouer his horse me by some fourdes, wher as on these shores fford closely togither great numbers of Bzymtans, among these women gadding vp down frantickly in mourning weedes, their haire hanging about their ears, making fire brands: he Druydes also casting vp their hands toward heauë thundred out cruel execrations, w which vncomely fightes he Romaines at first founde dismayed, but after encouraged by these Generals peroration, they brought in among these, made great slaught er, got these people of these Jles, and felled downe woods, consecrated to superstitious vses: two Cities belonging to these Romains were taken, so many of their people slaine, as the whole Island revolted, so to the Romanes repsonch, the slaught er was committed by a woman, being so feted about by many strange signes of tokes. For in his court was heard a noise so much slaught er.

Dion. Cat. xii.

C.iiij.

In

40

The Romanes.

In the Theatre a greate tumulte and muche wondering,
when there was no man ther, that either spake or mourned.
Besides, in the riuer of *Thames* certaine houses or buildings
were Æn. The Image of the goddesse Victoria in the Tem-
ple of *Camulodunum* tourned hir backe as though she had pël-
ded to hyz enimies: the women ranne as madde here and
there, laying, and singing, Destruction is at hande.

Finally, betwirt the Island of *Fraunce*, the Ocean sea ap-
peared as it flowed with bloud. The occasion of this war was
a coſſocation of the Brykains gods, which being remitted by
Claudius the Emperours, Decianus Catus then Procuratoz
of the Isle, faide that it ought to hane bene renued. To this
cause was added, that wheras (againft theyz wils Seneca had
lent them fourtie *Sestercies* upon great vsurie) he now wyth
greate force and all kinde of violence compelled them to
paye all the whole summe at one payment, and also persua-
ded them to make warre on the Romaines.

Bunduica of Brytaine, a woman of noble byzth, not onely
wyth muche honour ruled amongst them, but also was the
foueraigne in theyz wars, & had in dæd a ſtomack moze ma-
ly than womanlike: who hauing gotten togther an armpe
of 120000. men, gotte hir upon hyz seate made of Marrische
turues, after the manner of the Romaines, and being a tall
woman, of comely shape, and ſeuere countenance, ſtarp voice,
with yealowe haire hanging downe to hyz skyptes, (Ponti-
cus Virunius faith to hir thyghes) the ware a great chayne of
golde, and hadde on hyz backe a coate of sundrye colours,
& a playted Kirtle. Wliche she was thus apparelled, and had
in hir hands a gret speare, the spake vnto them to this effect.

First the commended libertie, the wing them, how pouer-
tie wyth libertie, was farre better than great riches in mis-
rie and bondage: on the other side, wyth great eloquence the
declared the mischiefes and calamities they suffered at the
handes of the Romaines, who eracving Tributes of
paymentes, so oppzessed them, that muche better it were
once to dye, than long to lyue in suche extreame ſlauerie.

Secondly,

Ponticæ Virunius

The Romanes.

41

Secondly, the reproued them, for not expelling their eni-
mies, as their foze fathers had done Iulius Cæsar, Claudius,
and Caligula: And againe, the praised them for their pze present
readinette to helpe hir, and recouer their auntient kate.

Thirdly, the disabled the Romaines, for that they were
kelve, combined with armoure, and so faint of courage, that
they had rather fight a far off, than encounter with them by
hand. (Brokes: the comended the Brytaines, to be moze in nu-
ber, of greater balance, and farre moze able to abide hunger,
colde, thirtke, raine, winde, heate, etc. Shee added the bantage
of the place, as being at home, where the Wooddes and Ry-
uers, Lakes, and all other things were well knowne to e-
very one of them.)

Lately, the ehorrcted them for theve themselves as Dogs
and Wolues among fearefull Hares and Fores: where-
withall, the let out of their lap a quicke Hare, thereby to learn
the event of their enterprise. The Hare hauing a prosperous
passage, all the multitude gaue a greate showte, and Bun-
duica clapping their hands, gaue thankes to their Gods, that
the ruled not the Romaines, as did Nero, (who, though she
were a man, yet was in deede but a woman, for that he sang
and playde on the Harpe) but the Bypans, who estedmed it
guion to.

better to be Warriours than Ploughmen, who, as they had
all things in common, so had they both wives and children,
and that hauing a kingdome amongst suche a kinde of peo-
ple, the praised their devine aydes agapnte a spitefull and
wicked kinde of men, if they were to be called men, who be-
sed hote bathes, dainty fare, wine, ointmentes, laye in softe
beds, and were ballalles to such a wanton minstrel as their
Emperors. (Niceneſt. of the Romaines.)

Nero was.

VVhat the
Brytaines vvers.
guion to.

Niceneſſe of
the Romaines.

Bunduica hauing spoken these and suche like amongst hir
people, with all her holde the sette forward agapnte the Ro-
mains, who at that time were without head or governor, for
that Paulinus was gone with his army into Angleſey, (as is
before reherſed,) which is an Iland nere Brytaine, by meane
whereof Bunduica kowe two of their Cities, and committed

the
C.b.

ndering
nourishing
up
the Tem-
ple
had pur-
ished
here an-
in sea
war
had
notted
by
ocurate
To this
place
had
be
so
beyo-
up
them
in
per
fume
of
only
was
the
no
in an
army
Darrise
ing a tall
p
(Ponti-
hayne of
colons
and hal-
s eſſed
p
pouer
in mil-
ence
at the
ates of
it were
here.
condly,

42

The Romanes.

the notable slaughte before remembered.

She exercised all kind of crueltie on such men as she
toke. As for the noble women that she gat, she hanged them
bppe, and cutte off their paps, and sewed them to their moun-
thes: besides this, the stretching their bodies oute at length,
thustke sharpe flakes cleane the zoughe them: al which things
were done in despighte, when they sacrificed and seafled in
their Templas, but specially in the woodde called Andates.

Paulinus, who had now subdued Anglesey, heaving of the
fozesaide slaughte, returned to Brytaine, yet woulde he not
adventure the foztune of battaile with them, fearing they
number, but when he wanted vidual, and that his enimies
approched, he was compelled to abide the battell. Bunduica,
who had in his army 230000. men, was his selfe placed
in a Chariot, and ordered his men at length: but Paulinus
could not stretch his company so long, for that they were
not of any suche number, but at length he deuided his army
into three partes, so that at one time they mighte fighte in
sundry places, erhozing them not to be abashed at the mul-
titude of their enimies, for both they and their fozeathers,
hadde wyth selfe number atchiued greater matters, and
gotten greater victories. Adding, that now was the time to
play the men, to enjoy that in quiet, which before their au-
cessours had won, and recouer that whiche they had loste, or
else to liue for ever in misery and chame. Againe, he shewed
what crueltie their eyes had seene, by those barbarous peo-
ple, to suche as they had ouercome, erhozing them in re-
venge thereof to fighte manfully, and there was no doubte
but the Gods (who were always favourable to such as had
suffered crueltie) woulde helpe them: and better it were to
die fighting valiantly, than with repтоche to be taken, and
die in their enimies hands like Dogges. Finally, (sayeth
he) whether we liue or dye, Brytaine shall be ours, for, though
the other Romaines lose it, yet shall our bones continually
keep it. When he hadde thus spoken, the signe of the battel
was given, and ech part prepareth himselfe: the Bztaines
with

The Romanes.

43

With great and strange noise, the Romaines in silence came
so neare, that they might throue their dartes to them: and
perceiving their enimies to appzoche, with greate violence,
rushed in amongst them, and brake their arape: but after
being compassed with the multitude of their enimies, the
battel waned doubtfull. The lighte harnessed men beganne
to smife eache other, and thole of heauy armoure togither
with the horzemen encountréd, and the Romaine Ar-
chers foughte againste the Britishe Chariots. They whiche
foughte withoute break-plates, were slaine with Dartes.
This encounter was made in three several places, and was
foughte with greate courage on bothe sides. At the laffe the
Romaines departed Conquerours, many were slaine in the
battaille, and many were taken. Create numbers whych es-
caped, prepared to fight againe, but in the meane space Bun-
duica died of a disleafe which she had, and they mourned and
buried hir verpe honozablpe. After, thole that remapned
were easily overcome and dispersed.

Tacitus faith, that Praefutagus King of the Iceni, a Prince
of greate wealth, appointed, that Cæsar and his owne two
daughters shoulde inherite his landes, hereby thinking all
his life to be more quiet: and being deceaſſed, his wife and
daughters shoulde be the more ſaker by meanes of such pzo-
tection, but it fell oute farre otherwise, for the Centurions gat
his Realme, theyz ſeruauntes spoyled hys house, beat hys
wife, and deſlowred his daughters: beſides, the chiefest men
of his lande were displaced of their inheritaunces, and
handled extremely. In reuenge whereof, Bunduica ray-
sed the warre, and committed the ſlaughter before remem-
bred, and at laffe hir army once ouerthroune by Paulinus,
being afraid to fall into hir enimies hands, the poisoned hir
ſelfe.

Cornelius Tacitus.

Policletus then a ſeruaunt of Nero, was ſente hither to
ſuruey the state of Brytaine, who discharged Paulinus Sueto-
nius of the gouvernement.

Petronius

44

64

Petronius Tur-
pilianus.

The Romanes.

P[etronius Turpilianus] was sent into Brytaine as a man; for as he to be entreated, and being not altogether acquainted with offences of the enemies, was the readier to receive the grace: who setting matters in their former state, and attempting no further, delivered the province into Trebellius Maximus: Trebellius being both faint-hearted and too slugshe, and also utterly unacquainted with experiments of arms, ruled the province with a certain mildenesse of government. P[ro]we had the barbarous people also learned to winke at infesting vices, and the civil warres of the Romaines then happening, was a cloake to his cowardise: but there presently arose disconscience of R[o]scius and Cælius, legates of the xx. legion, when the souldiers (accustomed to be employed in erpeditions) gaue themselves to la[ci]uiouſnesse: whereupon Trebellius took his flighte, and hid his head, to auoyde the furie of the army, and in moste base and beakly maner, governed (as it were) by entreatie, so as they mighte ſem[e] to haue compounded, that the souldiers shoulde live in all libertie, and the Generall at his safetye. This time ſo[u] a peare and halſe there was deadly civil war: amog the Romaines ſo[u] the Empire, between Galba, Otho, and Vitelius.

69

V[ectius Vo-]
[lanus.

Tascitum.

V[ectius Volanus, then was sent hither by Vitelius, he did not have any discipline or correcti]n in Brytaine, so as there continued the like slough and cowardise in the souldiours, toward their enimies, and the Campe still as full of wantonnesse, sauing that Volanus was a good and mild man, and thereby made himselfe beloved where he shoulde have bene feared. In this time Vitelius aduanced many Souldiours in the Brytaine legions, and Herdonius Flaccus brought him into hym 8000, chosen men of warre oute of Brytaine. The B[ry]ptans seeing ſ[ir] Romaines thus encombed with civil war, began to trouble them, wherefore Volanus would send no succour to Vitelius at his commaundement, when Vespasian warred againſte him ſo[u] the Empire, and all the B[ry]ptaines fauored Vespasian.

W[hen]

The Romanes.

45

70

When as (with the rest of the world) Vespalian had recovered Brytaine, they were there placed great Captaines, and notable armies, the enemies hope abated, and Petilius Cerealis brought great seare uppon the Brytaines. The Citie of the Brigantes (which was accounted one of the greatest of the lande) beyng by hym allayled, he hadde manye encounters, and some not withoute slaughter, whereby hee eyther conquered or allayled a great part of their country.

Petilius
Cerealis.

Iulius Frontinus, a man as worthye and valiant as was
possible, tooke then the charge upon him, and subdued the nation of the Silures, being both valiant and warlike, notwithstanding the valour of the enemy and difficulties of the places.

Iulius Frontinus.

This was the state of Brytaine, and course of the warres,
which Agricola found arriving in the middle of Sommer,
the Souldiers even then beginning to retire to their strengths,
and the enimpe searching for his most aduantage.

Iulius Agricola.

The Citie of the Ordovices fewe dayes before hys arrivaall almoste wholly defeated a company lying uppon their bozdures. This beginning tirred vp the province, seruing forz an example to them, who coueted the warres, and yet desired to see what was in their newe Government. Agricola, although the Sommer were nowe well spent, the bandes divided all aboute the province, the Souldiers had determined to rest for that yeare, the time being late and incommensious to commence the warre, thinking it woulde be better to manne the pæces moste suspected: yet he determined neither thesse to pseuent daunger, and gathering togither the Standards of the Legions, with a few of his fozraine aides, for that the Ordovices durst not take the field, marched forzth agaynste them hymselfe in the baulwarde of his armye, that others might take like courage in the same danger, and put almoste that whole nation to the woode: then following hys good successe, he invaded Anglesey, (where he Suetonius had before attempted) causing certaine Brytaines that serued him, and knewe the Thalows and maner of swimming, wyth hoze and harnette to palle ouer into the isle on a fozdaine.

27th

46

Tactius:

The Romanes.

daine, wherewith the inhabitauntes were so amazed (who
feared nothing bycause they sawe no naie) that they sub-
mitted the Ile onto him, immediately. Powe hauing some
quietnesse, and percevuing that warre would little prieuale
againste the Bzptaines, if they were inuriously handled,
he purposed to cut off al causes of quarrel, and first refozming
his owne familie, did nothing partially, onely respected the
vertue of men, loosened tributes, and behaued himselye moste
honourably. And thus muche the firste peare.

When the Sommer beganne, he assembled his armies,
trapped his souldiours, sozraped the enimes Countries
with sodaine inuasions to their greate keare, and yet so fauo-
rably, as many Countries willingly yelde d onto him, and
suffered Castelles to be builte among them. The Winter
following he spente in ciuill administration, counsaying
the people pziately, and helping them publikely, to builde
houses, Temples, and Courte houses. He procured noble
mens children to study liberall Sciences, and then beganne
the Bzptaines to confozme themselves to Romaine kafi-
ons and attyze.

The third peare he discovered people in the Porthe hi-
therto vnknowne, euen as farre as Tau, terrifying the peo-
ple, and placing foztelles moste wisely to the annopaunce
of the enimie,

The fourth Sommer he employed getting those Coun-
tries whiche hitherto he had passed throughe, euen to the E-
denborough Frith, and Cluid, the narrowe space betwene the
Whych waters he fortified.

The fifth peare by Sea he discovered and banquished fur-
ther nations in the Porth, and placed garrisons in the coast
toward e Irelande, where onto he also aspired, and to that end
retpyned an Irish Prince with him, that was dziuen oute of
his Country by civil dissention.

But in the Sommer whiche beganne the first vere of his
gouernement, he searched the Hauens by a naie for that
purpose sent to the Sea, fearing leaffe all those nations be-

yonde

The Romanes.

47

yond had united themselves and kept the passages by land : but afterward he marched forward, his naue coasting with his army by land, so as sometime in the same Campe, he had hoarsemen, footemen, and Seamen, lodged togither. It was repor ted by such as were taken prisoners, that the fighte of the naue much affioned the Byrtaines as men from whom all refuge was cutte off, the secrets of their Seas being discovered, wherefor e determining to trie it with hand blowes the inhabitantes of Calidonia with greate preparation, although the reporte thereof were greater (as it often hapneth in unknowne matters,) of their own accoode, affayled some Castelles, and séeing themselves rather to be affaylantes than defendauntes, putte the Romaines in some doubte: whereupon the cowards pzeending policie, aduised to retire on this side Bodotria, rather than to be driven thereto by force, when as in the meane while, Agricola knowing that the enimpe woulde charge hym in feuerall troupes and companies, and fearing to be overmatched and couped in wyth number, or deceyued by the ignozaunce of the place, divided his army into thre battailes, and so marched forward : whiche order marked by hys enimyes, made them alter their purpose, and in the night killing the watch, brake in upon the ninth legion, halfe alléepe and halfe afrighted, which (as they troke it) was the weakest, so the fighte continued within the Camp til it was day light, at which time the Romaines began to gather courage, and the Byrtaines were discomfited, so as, hadde it not bene so the wodes and bogges, that victorie had ended the whole strike, after which battaile the Romain foultioz grew to be of hautie cozage, crying out to pierce the country of Calidonia, that they might finde oute the uttermoſte poztes and boundes of Brytaine. The Romaynes on the other side, ascribing the praple of this victorie, not to the prouelle of the Romaine Souldioure, but to Fortune, and the wilinesse of their Capitaine, vsed al meanes possible, to hearten vppe and arme their youth: beſtowing their wiues and children in places

of

48

The Romanes.

of safegarde, and by sacrifices and holy assemblies unite all their Cities togither, upon these resolutions they removed.

In the beginning of the next Sommer which was y .biy,
yere of his charge, Agricola seding his fleet before him, which
often put a land and spopled the Countreys, thereby cau-
sing a great and uncertaine keare: himselfe with a picked ar-
my, wherunto he added of the valiantest Wzptains, came to
y' mountain Grampius, whereon his enimies had encamped,
(foz the Wzptaines nothing quailed by the successe of the foze-
mer encounter,) and expecting nothving but a reuenge, or
bondage, learning at length, that common daunger is on-
ly to be refisted with common consent, by leagues and em-
ballages hadde stirred vppe the mindes of all the Cities a-
boute. Howe were there to be ſene in armes thirtie thou-
sande and vpwarde, onte whiche number, the Youth, and
all such as were of strong and luffie peares, every man bea-
ring his tokens of p[]ayse about him, continually repayed
from al ſides. When amongst mane other Capitaines,
Calgacus a man bothe in nobilitie and baloz above the reft,
spake to the assembly in this manner: As often as I behold
the causes of this warre, and oure necessitie, my minde gy-
ueth me greate hope, that this day and youre mutuall con-
sent that be the beginning of libertie to all B[]rytaine, fo[], eu-
rpe one of you hauing tryed seruitude, and hauing no other
land no[]z sea, whiche can faue vs (the Romaines nauie being
at our elbowes) the verpe warre and weapons whyche are
the honoure of the worthy, multe be the onelpe safetie of the
faint-harted. With these and mane luche reasons d[]awne
from the calamitie of their future seruitude, the p[]ride & tir[]
ny of their Gouernoures, the fickle friend ship of the kr[]
gers, seruing in their enimies Campe, ready to change vp-
on anye highe occasion, and the presente remedye of all mi-
sery, whyche, as he ſayde in the beginning, was onel[y bal-
ancie, he so stirred vp all mens mindes, that they applau-
ded his D[]zation after theyz manner, with songs and diuers
kinde of n[]oyes. This D[]zation being ended, as also Agrico-

la

["The Romanes.", "la hys spéeche to hys Souldiours, the two armies beganne\nto encounter. Agricola placed hys battaples in this order:\nhe made his mayne battayle of the kraungers (his aydes)\nwhiche were in number biy, thousand, on eche side wherof,\nso2 wings he placed hys hozrlemen to the number of th2ce\nthoufande, and his legions he caused to guard the trenches\nof his Campe, that if it were possible, the victorie mighte be\ngained without the sheading of Romaine bloude, or if his-\nmaine battel were broken, they might be gathered againe,\nand the fighte restored by hys legions. The battaile of the\nBryptaines (to terrify their enimies, as also to make their\nbzaueft thew,) stode on higher ground, so as their bawarde\nbeyng come vppon the playne, the rest were on the stode of\nthe hill, their Chariots, in the meane tyme, galloping vp-\nand downe the fielde, making greate showtes and cries.\nThen Agricola perceyping the number of his enimies to bee\ngreater than his owne, and fearing to be charged bothe on\nthe face and kanke of his battayle at one time, and that ma-\nnye thoughte necessary to haue the legions aduaunced so2-\nwarde, remayned notwythstanding, firme in his firste re-\nsolution, causing his battaile to be somewhat drawn in len-\ngthe, himselve alighted from his horse, and stode on stode\nbefore his Standerdes. The first fighte was with thotte of\nArrowes and Dartes, during whiche time, the Bryptaines,\nboth skilfully and couragiontely with their huge Swordes &\nsmall Bucklers, eyther bare or brake the Romaines thotte,\nand answered them with an infinite number of the like, un-\ntill Agricola was perswaded by bandes of Holanders, and\nBrabanders, that the matter mighte be broughte to Swordes\nand hand-strokes, whiche kinde of fight they were acquain-\nted withall, by long haunting the warres, and the same was\nvery incommodious for their enimies, bearing but small\nshieldes, and unmeasurable Swordes: For the pointlesse\nSwords of the Bryptaynes, were unskitte for a throng, and\nwhere they wanted roundh. Wherefore the Holanders strucke\nthicke toghether, and throuft them ouer the Bucklers, woun-\nding.", "D. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

The Romanes.

ding them in the faces, and hauing broken that battell,
passed forward toward them whiche kepte the hill, whiche
sene by the reste of the Romaine bandes, they partelye mo-
ued by enupe of the others glorye, and partelye by heate
of their owne courages, cutte in pieces thofe that they
firke encountréd, leauing notwythstanding, some halfe
deade, and others not touched, so haffe, to obtaine a per-
fecte victorie. In the meane whyle, the troupes of
the Brytaine hozsemenne, dydde take their fighte, but
the Chariots putte themselves piece-meale among the
sowe bandes, whiche kinde of fighte, (at firke) semed
somewhat terrible to their enimies, but it long served
not their tournes, being allapled woth a thicke pice
of their ennimes, and the grounde not commodious
for the Chariots, no their ryders all of the helte. So
as at the laffe, they? Chariot hozles, courting uppe and
downe the field without guiders, ouer-ran manpe of their
owne company, as they fled so seare from one place to an
other. The Bzytaines, whiche at this while kepte the hill, e
came not to fight, making little reconing of the small num-
ber of the Romaines, beganne by little and little to descend,
entending to hem them in, in the midde of their conquell,
which surel they had done, if Agricola, suspecting the same,
hadde not dispatched soure companies of hozsemen (whiche
he kept so all sodaines) to encounter with them, who, the
more fiercely they allapled, so much the more sharply repul-
sed them, and sent them to flight: whereupon the devil of
the Bzytaines turned to their owne harme. Moreouer, by
Agricola his commandement the wings of hozsemen were ta-
ken from the front of his battel, e were made to charge upon
the battel of his enimies, standing ouer against them. Then
might you beholde in the open field, a greuous and lamen-
table spectacle, some followed the chace, some toke prizoners,
and after killed them to take others. How the enimies as e-
very one thoughte helte, fled, some in heapes and armed
fled

The Romanes.

51

fledde from a smaller number: other, thonghe unarmed,
tarrved and were slaine: every where laye weapons, car-
casses, and lymmes, out of the ground all bloudy: sometime
the banquished approaching neare to Waddes, woulde make
hed, and entrap the hædlesse followers, so as, if Agricola
hadde not caused certayne lusty bandes in the manner of a
search, and also diuers hoſſemen, leauing their hoſſe where
the Waddes were thicke, and other on hoſſebacke, where
the Waddes would suffer, to raunge them all aboute,
there might haue bæn some detriment receiued by two much
hardinesſe. But when the Wyptaines ſawe themselves pur-
fued in order of battaile, they toke againe their flight, not
in companies, as before, nor tarrying one for an other, but
here and there, euen as men glad to eſcape, ſought long, and
by wayes. Right ſt wearinesſe of slaughtering ended the chafe.
There were slaine of the Wyptaines about tenne thousand:
of the Romaine army, threescored and fortye, among
Whome Aulus Atticus, Capitaine of a band, whom the heat
of his youth, and cozage of his hoſſe broughte into the hands
of his enimes. That might the victors made mery wyth the
ſpoyle, but the Wyptaines wandering vppe and downe, men
and women lamenting togither, reløued, and fetcht alwaye
their hurte men, assembled togither the whole, foſſowe their
houses, and foſſ anger ſette fire on them, choosing themselves
turking places, which ſtraite they foſſowe againe: sometime
conceyuing god hope, whyche ſtraighte wape quayled
agayne: and some were knowen to kyll thep Wyues
and chyldren, as though they hadde therein taken com-
passion bypon them. The nerte dave made the victorie
moze manifeſt, in which there was nothing but ſilence, the
hilles being then foſſaken, and also the houses smoking a
far off.

Agricola ſendyng abzoade his espialles, coulde finde
no ennimpe to make hed, wherefore Sommer being two
ſarre ſpente to p[ro]ceede any further in the warre, he hadde
his ſouldioures into the coasses of the Horesſi, and there

D.h.

taking

52

The Romanes.

taking hoffages, caused his nauie to coakte aboute Brytaine,
whiche at laste arruied at the Hauen called Trutulensis, after,
warde hauing bestowed his souldioures in their wintering
places, departed Brytaine, and lefte the province in quiet to
his succelloz.

Firste Christians
in Brytaine.

Nicephorus.

Diuers Authours affirme, that about this time, the Go-
spell of Chrisme our sautour was first preached in this Jland.
Nicephorus a Greek Authoz, in his second book the. 40. Cha-
hiter, hath as foloweth. Simon bozne in Cana Galilei, who
soz his feruent affection to his Maikcr, ¤ the greate zeale he
toke by al meanes to the Gospell, was surnamed Zelotes,
he hauing recepued the holyp Cholke from abone, trauapled
throughe Aegipt and Affrike, then through Mauritania and
all Lybia, preaching the Gospell. And the fame Doctrine he
brought to the Occidentall sea, ¤ the Iles called Brytanie, &c.
And in the third Boke the first Chap. he saith. The holp A-
poftles (like as we haue declared already) beeing dispersed
throughout the whole earth, did divide the provinces amon-
geff them by lot, to preach the Gospel in. Peter undoubted-
ly first at Hierualem, then in Galatia, Bythinia, with the higher
Asia, Capadocia, and all Italie, taught the Gospell: Iohn in A-
fia, who ended his life there: To Andrew fel the Provinces
on the coakte of Euxine, all Scythia, Byzans, Macedonia, and the
firme land of Greece: Thomas amongst the Parthians, Indians,
and the Ile of Taproban did publifhe the Gospell: Another
chole Aegipt and Lybia: another the uttermoste coactes of
the Ocean, with the Iles of Brytaine, &c. Dorotheus Izy-
teth thus. Simon Zelotes palling through Mauritania, ¤
Affrica, preached Chzill, at length was crucified, flatne and
buried in Brytaine. Also he faith, Ariflobulus, whom y Apo-
tle to the Rom. remembeth, was made a Bishop in Brytaine.
George Maior wrizeth in a preface, that immediately after
Chzill's resurrection under Claudius the Emperoz, the light
of y Gospel was kindled in Brytaine by Ioseph of Aremathia
that buried the body of Chrisme. Tertullian writing against
the Jewes of those times, sayth: The Bzptaines inhabitats

Doroskeus.

of

The Romanes.

53

of places unknown to the Romaines, yet did obey and were
subiect to the kyngdomes of Chziff. William of Malmesbury,
in his Book of the Antiquities of Glastenburie, alleageth Fre-
culphus to wzyfte in his second Book and fourth Chapter, as
followeth: Philip the Apostle, preaching the word of God
in Gaule (nowe called Fraunce) chose oute. xy. amongst his
Disciples, whome he sent into Brytaine to preache the word
of life, and upon euery one of them, he most devoutly stret-
ched out his right hande: ouer these he appointed for chiefe,
his deare friende Ioseph of Aramathie, that buried our Lozd.
These (saieth John Capgrae, who alleageth Melkin and
Merlin) came into this lande the ycare of Chziffes incarna-
tion, 63, in the tyme of Aruiragus, who gaue to them the
Jle of Avalon, where they builded an Dratorie of wzythen
Iwandes, and after there were burped: whiche place beyg
since encreased, and newly builded by diuers Princes, was
named Glastenburie. For confirmation wherof, Lyng Hen-
ry the second having diligently perused the Priuileges and
Charters, which he caused to be presented and read, not on-
ly of William the first, of William the seconde, and Henry
the first his Grandfather: but also the Charters of the Prin-
tes his predecessors, of more antient time, to wæte, of Ed-
gar, Edmond, Edward, Elfred, Bringwalthius, Kenthwin, Bal-
dred, Ina, Arthur, and that noble man Cudred, and many
other Chziffian Kings beside, also of Kenewalla, sometyme
a Heathen and Pagan Lyng, concerning the house of Gla-
stenburie, found, that in some of those Charters it is called the
Mother of Saintes, of some other, the Graue of the Saints,
and that the sayde place was firste builded even by the very
Disciples of Chziffe themselves, and by them dedicated to
our Lozd, as the firste place whiche he chose to himselfe in
this Realme: al which the fozefaid King Henry established
by his Charter.

M
Arius sonne of Aruiragus, an excellent wife man, was
or dayned King of Brytaine. At this season Rodrike King
of the Pictes, (whiche were people of Scythia) accompanped
D. if.

Antiquities of
Glastenburie.
Freculphus.

Glastenbury
first Church of
Christians in
Brytaine.

John Capgrae,
Melkin and
Merlin.

Charta Regia.

73
Galfridus.

390

Round Table
in Fraunce.
Scala Croni.

Tbo. de la More.

Battayle at
Morleys.

## Edvard the third.

The same time Phillip de Valoys king of Fraunce, bupled
a Rounde Table in his Countrey, to the ende he mighte
allure the menne of Warre of Germanie and Italie, and so
to keepe them from the Kyng of Englandes Rounde Table.

Kyng Edwarde in succour of Iohn Mountfort Duke of Brytaine, and of his wife and children, who then remayned in the kings custodie, sent the Earles of Northampton and of Oxforde, Hugh Spencer and Richard Talbot Knightes, and mailler William Kilesby Clearke, euerpe one of them having under them many me of armes and archers, into Bristaine, who entred there into, in despight of al theyr enimies, whych ressited them, making many conflictes. They toke as well walled Townnes as other, with diuerse Fortresses and Castelles, both by assaulte and surrender, by whiche meanes they had the whole Countrey under theyz subiecti on, conquering till they came to the Towne of Morleis, where Charles de Bloys mette them wyth a greate armye. Therfore in the Champion grounde nygh unto Morleys the two armpes made greate and molte koute battaple, wher in the worthinesse of both fortes opd full well appeare : for they sought so kout on both sides, that in the first conflicte it chaunced as the like had not bene sane: for the chiche Castaines, Charles de Bloys, to whom the Frenche king hadde giuen the Dukedome of that Countrey, and William de Bohune Earle of Northampton, who soz the defence of his right of Iohn de Mountfort, naturall heire and Duke of that lande, the king of Englande had made a generall ouer the armp of the English men, who soughte so long wyth hands asrokas in the fielde that daye, that no manne but a lyar coulde giue more playse to the one than to the other. Thys tymes that daye they beyng wearied on both sides, wyth dze we themselves to take breathe, and then felt so it again with Speare and Chielde, and twozde and Targe, but in ende the right wozthy and koute Charles de Bloys, his men fléeing.

Edvard the third.

fleeing away, was also forced to flee himself, whereupon
after many slaines on both sides, the victory fell to the Englishmen.

Geffrey Wichingham: Thomas Legge, the. 28. of Sep.
John Hamond, the. 28. of October.

Sherifes. ?
Maior. §

King Edwarde sente ouer Henrie Earle of Darbie, son to the Earle of Lancaster his cousin, with more than five hundred men of armes, amongst whom was the Earle of Penbroke and Walter de Many, with manye Archers, into Gascoigne, with Ralph Baron of Staffordde, Heneschal of Gascoigne, who being come thytther, the sayde Earle made fiftie knightes of his armye, and after wanne manye walled Townes and Castelles, making many wozthy skirnites, and at length won the towne of Daguilown by assaulte, to the keping wherof they appointed Ralph Stafford, afterward they appointed thirtie tourneys toward other townes, as especially to Brigerecke (so called soz the strength thereof, and also called the Chamber of Fraunce) and also to Æ town of Saint Iohn de Larnel, and to many other greate and strong townes well fortified, which with great toynes and diuerse daungerous assaultes they wan: where the Earle of Darbie and his souldiours undermining the Towers and Walls of the sayde towne, were very soze assaulted by them whiche defended.

Ro. Auesbery:
Anno reg. 19

Thus he Conquered Cities, Townes, Castelles and
Fortresses, to the number of one hundred and fifty,
bringing a greate parte of Gascoigne under subiection, even to
Tolouſe, into the whiche Citie he did no domage, neþther
to the inhabitantes therof, but that he made them wonder-
fully afrayde: as certaine of them tolde me, (sayeth my au-
thour,) their fear was such, that the religious people were
conſtrapned to beare armour, and the P[ro]priété of the Carme-
lite Friers of our Lady of Tolouſe, hauing a Banner of our
Ladye in Golde set in a field of SILUER, displayed the same,
prouoking thereby many to take armour.

Tho. de la Mors.

Wb.iiiij.

About

392

Edward the third

About the second Sunday in Lent, the Earles being fully fraught with botie, prisoners, gold and silver, they returned towardes Burdeaux, where John de Valoy's eldest sonne to the French king, being accompanied with a great number of hyzed Dutche souldiours, besieged the Towne of Agnlowne, and the Captaines thereof the Earle of Stafford, and other so entrenched the same Towne, that without greate danger, the Englishmen could have no accesse vnto them: but the Earle of Darby bet awaye them that besieged the Citie, and eft sones new vintualled the same, notwithstanding they were not able to raise theliege, bycause they hadde so entrenched themselves without the towne, who refusing to fight in the fielde, would auemore, that they came not to pitch a fielde, but to besiege a Town: Wherefoze they continued the sameliege until the decollation of Saint John, but understanding then that the King of England chaced his Father Phillip very soze at Grecie, and fearing, that he should come verpe late to the ayde of his Father, he gaue vppe theliege, setting all his tentes on fire, and fled in the darke, but the Earle of Stafford de wyth his power pursued them, cut off theyr taple, towke a greate manye of theyr hozelles, and prisoners, and retourned.

After this certaine bowmen are murthered in England, appointed to be sente ouer sea, who comming ouer, are layde in garrison for defence of the Countrep. Also twenty thousande lackes of Woll are graunted to the king. Hozéouer Geoffrey de Harecourte a Norman, came to the King, requiring apd against the French king, who wongfully withehelde his landes from him: at his first comming he did kealtie, and were homage to King Edward, but afterward he reuolted.

Eboe. Talbot.

Thomas of Hatfield, the Kings Secretary, by meanes of the Kyngs letters to the Pope was admitted Bythoppe of Durham, and when certaine of the Cardinalles layde, that

Edward the third.

that the layd Thomas was a light person, and a lay man,
the Pope answered, truly if the king of England at this time
had made his request for an Anne, he should have obtained it.

The same peare dyed Adam Tarleton, Bishop of Win-
chester, that had bin long time blind, after whom Succumbed
William Edendon, Treasurer of England.

This man founded the Monasterie of Edendon, the reli-
gious biographien whereof were called Bonhomes.

The same peare dyed Henry Earle of Lancaster, father
to Henry Earle of Darby, and was buried at Leycester, in
the Monasterie of Channons, the King, and both the old
and young Quænes being present, with Archbishops, Bi-
thops, Earles and Barons, in manner of all the lande,
whose sonne was then in Gascoigne doing chivalrous actes.

This peare, the Scottes to the number of thirtie thou-
sande, William Dowglas being their leader, entred into
Westmerland, and bytt Carelile, Penreth, with many other
Townes, wherefoze the Bishop of Carelile, with Thomas
Lucy, Robert Ogle, and a great number, compassed them
in the night season, and with lightes and noyse so disquiet-
ted them, that they neuer durst go out for viduals, no, giue
their bodies to slæpe, but at the last Alexander Stragan
koutely prepared to go out for vidualles, whome the Bi-
shop and Robert Ogle mette, and with a speare throu gh him
through the body, so that the Scottes were some after ouer-
some and slayne.

Edmond Hemenhall : John of Glocester, the 28.of Sept.
Richard Laget, the 28.of October.

This peare was the first congregating, and first Cultus
of gardian of the fraternitie of the Grocers in the Citie of
London elected.

The Earle of Northampton, and the other Lozdes in Bri-
teine committed certaine Caffels wonne by them in Bri-
teine, to the safekeeping of faithfull Captaynes and Houldi-
oures, and then returned into England.

King Edward prepared to make a voyage into Normandy,
Bb. v. his

Anfere of
the Pope.

Liber Edendon.

Scots overcome

Sherifes.
Maior.

Anno reg. 20

1346

Edvard the third

At this Citie the armie remayned five dayes, and the
spoyle thereof they solde to those Marriners whiche follo-
wed the coast as the King went. Then they wente to the
Monasterie in the Towne of Toward, a very strong thyng,
and well defended. Afterwarde, they came onto Argons by
nighte, burning till as they wente, till they came to the
Citie of Licens, where they founde the Cardinalles of Cla-
rimount, and of Naples, and one Archbishop, who offered the
King a treatie of peace, and there the King continued thée
dayes, refusing to treate of peace. Then they wente to
Loftentnoland, and to the Towne of Briue, and lodged at
New Burge, and after at Selelefe upon Sayne, and there the
Welchmen swamme throughe the water of Segan, and béeing
refitted by the inhabitantes, they flewe many of them.
Then they passed nigh to the Towne and Cattell of Pount
Darch, béeing strong places, and not sautable. Thys
nighte he lodged at Lury upon Segan, nigh onto the good
Towne of Louars, whiche they did burne. After, they pas-
fed by the Towne and Cattell of Gaylon, whiche they toke,
and bente, and lodged at Lingeuie, whiche is nigh the good
Towne and Cattell of Vernon, whiche they touched not,
and there they first entred into France, and the same night
they bente the Cattell of Roche Blanche, whiche standeth
on the other side of Segan, and lodged at Fremble upon Se-
gan. After that, they passed by the Towne de Maunt, lod-
ging that night at Oporne. On the nerte day they passed to
Frigmas, and the nerte daye to the good Towne of Poecie,
where béeing a Bridge to passe ouer the Riuer of Segan,
the Frenche had spoyled it, but the Kyng caused it to bee
reedified: and the nerte daye they came onto Amias,
where were thée greate Armies appopnted to kéepe the
King from passing that way : but hée making a greate
conflicte with them, flewe thée hundreth of them at the
firle charge, put the residue to slighte, and spopled their
Tentes, burning thée hundreth and two Cartes and Wa-
gons ladé with Crottebowes, Quarels, Armor, and victuals :
the

396

## Edvard the thirde.

the King laying there two dapes, they went to Crengle nigh
unto Pountoys, then to Antell: the next day they passed by the
Citie of Wenneys, which they touched not, and so by Troso-
lours at the water of Some, where they lodged. The next day
they wan the Towne of Poys, and hent the Castell. From
thence they went to Aregnus, then to Achen, where they lod-\ged. The next day they came to Noell upon the Sea side: the
Frenchmen of Dabuile and the Countrey came to the Swzdes
side to hinder their passage, with whome the King had a
soze conflict, but the enimies were put to the wozze, and
more than two thousand slayne, and the Towne of Croytoy
taken and hent, and above thze hundred Germanes slayne.
The next day they followed the King on the Riuer of Some,
and on the banckes side where the King with his holt were
lodged, came trauelling Phillip de Valoys the French king,
with the Kings of Boheme and Malegre, leading an armp of
men innumerable, deuided into eight great battels. King
Edward sent to the French King, offering him free passage o-
uer the Swzde, if he would come and choose a place apt to
fight a field in: but this Phillip would not fight, but went
to another place of passage. On the morrow King Edward
remoued to Creſifield, where ſy armie of the French King met
him. The King therefoze set his sonne the Prince of Wales
to gouerne the baward: The middle warde the Earle of
Northampton: The third he toke to guide himselve.

The armp of the Frenchmen were deuided into nine
troupes. The baward was committed to the King of Bo-
heme. The French King commaunded his banner called O-
liflam to be set bp, after which time it was not lawfull on
der payne of death to take any man to saue his life.

This banner, that it might differ from his standard, had
in it Lillies of gold very bzoade.

On the other side, King Edward commanded his Ban-
ner to be erected of the Dragon, which signified fiercenelle,
and crueltie to be turned against the Lillies.

These armies being thus appoynted, it code in the fielde
from

Theo. de la More.

Battayle of
Crecy.

The French
Banner of oyly
flame signified
no mercy more
than fire in oyle.

## Edward the thirde.

From one of the clocke, untill the euening. Aboute the Sunne setting, after the armies had iusted, theye beganne by sound of Trumpettes to giue signe of battayle, but theye themselues felt the force of the English Archers, and as foiz their Quarels, theye fell thort a great way. Hozcouer, their footemen being placed among their owne hozlemen, were by them (when they were gaulled with the English thotte of arrowes) ouerrunne and troden upon, that a great outtrie was made as it were to the Starres, and the whole forme of the array was broken, and theye fighting with the English armed men, are beaten downe with Poleares.

In this so terrible a bickering, the Prince of Wales being then but stricte yeares olde, thelved his wonderfull wardness, laying on very hotely with Speare and Shield. This battell dured thre'e partes of the night, in the which time the Frenchmen gaue five great affaultes againste oure men, but at the length they being conquered, ranne away.

On the morrow, there came four armies of fresh Souldiaries to the French side, and making semblant as though their part had suffered no harme, they come against the Englishmen, and gaue them a fresh battaple. On the other side, the Englishmen withflode them very skoutely, and after a sharp conflict they forced their soes to flye, and in chacing of them togither with them that were slayne in the conflict, they flew the thousand men in the day two dapes. There were slayne in the battaple of Crecy, the Kings of Boheme and of Majorica, the Archbishop of Zanxinus, the Bishop of Noyone, the Dukes of Lorayne, and Burbon, the Earles of Антон, Harecourt, Awmarle, Sauoy, Nois, Mountbilliard, Niuars, and of Flanders, with the graund Prieour of the Hospitall of France, and foure thousand men of armes, beside common souldiaries without number.

The third day after, King Edward passed by the Abbey of Mountney, and the next day they came to the Towne of Mountney, and from thence to the Punrie of Saint Ioce, and after they passed ouer a Fwode, and came to Newcastle,

where

Edvard the third

where they Kayde two days, and from thence they came to
Caleis, which presently they entrenched to beseege, being
the fourth day of September.

John Croydon: William Clopton, the 28. of September.
Geoffrey Witchingham, the 28 of October.

The French King in this meane time sent a number of
Genoways, and other hired Souldiours, unto David King of
Scottes, earnestly requesting him that he would invade Eng-
land with all his force: wherefore about the seauenth of De-
tober, he with a mightie power entred England, passing a-
long by Berwike, which was strongly defended by the Eng-
lishomen, and so ranging ouer the Foze of Alnewike, they
wonne a certayne Manmour place called Luden, belonging
to the Lord Walter Wake, who pelded himselfe on condi-
tion to be ransomed, where Selby a knight, be-ing desu-
rous by law of armes to saue his life, he was taken, which
when it was knowne to David, he commanded him to be
slayne: but Selby intreated for him, that he mought be-
brought alive to the presence of David, who having obte-
ned his request, he falleth downe before David, requesting
his life for aunsome, but he was agayne aduzged to dye.
The malice of the Tirant was such, that he commaun-
ded two of the children of the pize a knight to be strangled
in fight of their father, and afterwarde himselfe being al-
moff madde for sozrow, was beheaded.

From thence the Scottes passed forwarde, waiting along
the Countrey, wherein were many Farmes belonging
to the Monasterie of Durham, and comming within two
miles of Durham, theyp toke certayne of the Monkes, which
they kept prizoner for their aunsome, making couenant
with the residue for a certayne summe of money and cozne
to redeme theyp aunsnores from spoyling. The English-
men of the Marches flæing before the face of the enimie,
William de la Zouch, Archbishop of Yorke, Whizegerent to
the King in the Marches, calling togither the Bishop of
Carelile, the Earle of Anguise, the Lord Mowbrey, the Lord
Percy.

King Edvard
befeege[d] Ca-
leis.

Sherifes. }
Maior. }

Sir VValter
V Wake and his
fonnes cruelly
slayne by the
Scottes.

Edward the third.

Percy, the Lord Neuell, and other of the North, with all
their ayde, togither with the Archers of Lancashire, went
towards the armie of the Scottes, and on the euen of Saint
Luke, mette them at a place called Bewre Parke, uere Ne-
nuels Croffe. The Scottish Parliament not accustomed to flie, with-
flode them koutly, and hauing Headpæces on their heads,
and Targets on their armes, preasing soze upon the Eng-
lishmen, they abode the brunt of the Archers: but the men of
armes which were in the sozefronts, gaue their enimies
many deadly wounds. The Marshall of the Scottes, Earle
Patrike, who had the charge of the rereward, when he per-
ceyued his men to be beaten downe, he flede alway with
other that were pzuie to his cowardinesse : he being fled,
the refidue of the Scottes continuing faithfully with theyz
King, flode about him like a round Tower, keeping hym
in the middle, who so continued till there was scarfe soztie
of them left aline, of the which not one of them coulde es-
tape alway. At length, Dauid their King béeing taken pzu-
soner by John Copland, the refidue aboute him béeing ta-
ken on flayne, the Englishmen pursued the chace after them
whiche were flede, slaying and taking them as farre as
Prudishow and Corbridge. In this great battayle were taken
Dauid de Bruse King of Scottes, the Earle of Mentife, the
Earle of Fife, the Lozde Maleolin Fleming, the Earle
Wixton, William Dowglas, William de Lemingstone,
Walter de Halliburton, Iohn Dowglas, Dauid de Anade,
Iohn de Saint Clere, William Mowbray, Dauid Fitz Ro-
bert, William de Ramfey, Adam Moygne, Iohn Stewarde,
Roger de Kirkpatrike, Iohn Hume, & Wil. Morrey knights,
Iames Sudelflour, Iames Loren, Henry Delker Baronets.
There were slaine in this battell the Earle of Morife, the
Earle of Straterne, also Alex. Stragy, Iohn de Haliburton,
Hen.de Ramfey, Nafo de Ramfey, Adá Nillkenson, Thomas
Boid, Iohn Stiward, Allen Stiward, Dauid Delahay, Edward
Kethe, Iohn Crawford, Iohn de Kindefey, Philip de Maldré,
Hen. Ramfey, Alex, Morey, Hum, de Boys, Gil, Inchmarten,

Robert

King of Scottes
taken.

## Edvard the thirde.

Robert Maltallent, and his brother Humfrey Kirkepatrike, Iohn Strange, and Patrike Hearing Knightes. There were many clayne in the chase, but there were no more coate ar-mours found in the mayne battayle than we have reckned.

This battayle was fought on the seuenteenth of October. The prisoners were conuayde to London about Christmas, Dauid le Bruce except, which might not trauell by reason of two deadly wounkes in his head with arrowes, but the se-conde of January he was brought vp, and conuayed from Westminster to Æ Tower of London, in sight of all the people, and there lodged in the blacke nouke of the sayd Tower, nere to the Connestables gard, there to be kept.

While these things were done in England, the King was busied at the seege of Calleys, which Towne is situated in the marches of Artoys, being closed aboute with a double wall, and a double ditche, hard on the shore of the English Sea, right ouer against the Caffell of Douer. And there is longing to the same Towne an Hauen, wherein Shippes may lie very safe withoute danger. This Towne was sometime with the Caffell thereof very strongly built by the force and valiantnesse of the Romanes, for after that Luli-us Cæsar had broughte all France under his subjection, hee built Calleys in Artoys, and the Caffell of Chipstowe in Venedo-cia, on Southwales, and the Caffel of Douer in Kent. What time he had conquered Britayne. King Edward caff a ditch aboute his Camp, and layde his Pante of Shippes against Caleis Hauen, to the intente that the Frenchmen should make no inuasions upon his Souldiatures, neþher they within re-cepue any vicularles by water. The Norman Pirats at sun-dry times took the fifthene of his Shippes, whereof some of them they carried alway for their owne occupying, the other they brought, and Sir Thomas Haclut, with Sir William Borton Knights, as they were sailing into England, were taken prisoners on the Sea.

King Edward having fortified the seege, lay without giuing any assault, knowing that it was not possible to fight with

Anno reg. 21
Tho. de la More.

Calleis descri-
bed.

Caleys builded
by the Ro-
manes.

Caffels of Chep-
novy in vvales,
and Douer in
Kent, built by
the Romanes.

1347

## Edvard the third

with his enemies without great loss of men, considering
the depth of the ditches, and heigth of the walles: neither
would he erect any engins against the Towne, so there
wanted firme grounde whereupon to place them. Besides
that, if he should beate downe the walles, yet were the dit-
ches so deep, and full of salt water, let in on every side,
that they were able to withstand all the world, with little
strength and defence.

On that side of the Towne on which the Bolloners were
wont to victuall Caleis, that is along on the Sea side, and es-
pecially when the Shippes could not be suffered to passe by
Sea, but alongst the shore with small boates, the Carle of
Northampton made a Vampire, wherewith he kept alway
and beate backe such boates, and afterwarde when the Ad-
mirall of France had purposed to come with his Shippes of
warre to fight against our English Shippes that lay at the
séege, thinking that in the meane time whilest they were a
fighting, the small Boates should passe to Caleis with victu-
alles, the sapd Carle of Northampton meeting with him va-
liantly, put him to flight.

This séege during in such sort, from the keast of the Pa-
tiuitie of our Lady, and all the whole winter, with a great
part of the Sommer, and still waring stronger and stronger,
on Monday next before the keast of Saint James, the Frenche
King came to the Cattell of Gyfnes, with his eldest son John,
and the Kings Sonne of Boheme, and a great power, to haue
removed the séege from Caleis. Also the Emperour (promi-
sing by oth, that he would remoue the séege euther by warre
or peace, or at the keast, he would victuall them that were
beseege) came with his armie towards the English Camp,
and lodged scarse a mile from thence, requesting by messen-
gers a treatie of peace. He sent the Duke of Detenes, and the
Carles of Bulone and Darminake, who parleing with the
Duke of Lancaster, and the Carles of Northampton and Hun-
tington, touching a truce, could not obteyne their consente,
wherepon after they had exercised a little warlike iusting,

Cc., they

A Vampire
built at Ca-
leis.

The French
King came to
reise the séege
of Caleis.

Edvard the third.

they returned to their Tentes. The second day following,
the French King offered the King of England a day of battell,
which the King on certayne conditions accepted very glad-
lye. In the meane season, they which were besøged, made
knowne their state to the French King, by signes and to-
kens, foz at his kirk comming, they within the Towne set
up his auntient on the chiefest Tower of the Caffell, and
also they set out Banners of the Dukes and Carles of
France, and a little after the shutting in of the evening, they
made a great light on the toppe of one of the highest To-
wers, which was towards the armie of the Frenchmen, and
therewithall they made a greate thoute and nopfe wyth
Trumpets and Drommes: the second night they made the
like, but somewhat lesse: the third night a very small fire,
giving sozth therewith a sozrowfull doyce, signifying there-
by that their strength touching the keeping of the Towne,
was quite spent and done: and the same night they toke in
all their flagges and antients, except their Standart. At
the laft, the day of battayle drew on, against which tyme,
there came out of England and Dutchland, toward the helpe
of King Edwarde, seauentéene thousande fighting men,
wherebpon the French King betimes in the mornning of the
second day of Auguſt, making fire in his Tentes, he fledde,
whole taple the Duke of Lancaster, and Earle of Northamp-
ton cutting off, they flewe and toke many of them. When
they of Caleis percepued thys, they toke their Standart
downe, and with greate sozrow caſt it from the Tower
downe into the ditch, and on the Saterday following, John
de Vienna their Captayne, a man very ſkilfull in warlike
affayres, opening the gates of the Towne, came out to the
King of England, sitting on a little nagge, foz that he being
lame on his foete could not well goe, with an halter about
his necke, with the other burgesses and ſouldtours follo-
wing on foote, bare headed, and bare ſwet, having halters
about their neckes. The Captayne comming thus before
the King, offered him a warlike word, as into the chiefest
Prince

The French
King profered
battayle.

The French
King fleeth.

Wil.Nornell.

Caleis is yceſt
4ed.

The order
hovy Caleis'
~~1772.~~ycelded.

## Edvard the thirde.

Prince of armes amongst all Christian Kings, and as one
that had taken that Towne from the mightiest Christian
King by noble cheualrie. Then he delivered to him the
keyes of the Towne. Thirdly, he requesting of him pitie,
asked pardon, and delivered him the word of peace, where-
with he should give right iudgement, spare and sozbeare
the humble and lowly, and chafen the proude harted.

The King receiving that which was offered him, sente
the Captayne with sixtene Knightes, and as many burges
into England, enriching them with large giftes. The
common sort of people, and such as he found in the towne,
being somewhat refreshed with the Kings almes, he com-
manded to be sake conducted to the Castell of Guifnes.

After the taking of the Towne of Caleis, the Souldiers at the Kings commandemente toke the Mannour of Markes, and of Hoy, and with great difficultie they built in them Foztes, setting in order where walles wanted Hoggesheads filled with stones against the enimies, whilest the walles were a building within. Immediately after the taking of Caleis, there began in those parties a general peltilence of the Flir, coming from the Cast parties, into many other parties of the world, wherebò it came to palle, that a great multitude of people died. This peltilence gaue occasion y certayne Cardinals were sent on y behalfe of the French King, to craue a truce from that time, unto the feast of Saint Barnabe next following, which was agréed upon on the 28. of September.

Adam Braplen : Richard Bas, the 28. of September.

Thomas Leggy Skinner, the 23. of October.

The truce being taken as afozé is said, A. Edward built a
Castell at Ristbanke, betwirt y towne of Caleis, and the Baués
mouth, to the intent to kæpe off all y enimies force of chips
frô the said towne; and he made Captaine of the towne Sir
Iohn Mongomery, and thence conueying the Quæne with his
eldeft soune, with a great company of noble men, he toke
hys iournyp towardes Englande by water, and bæpyng

on

Cc. ij.

403

Guifnes.

Markes.
Hoy.

Bloudy Flize,

Sherifes.
Maior.

Castell at Rist-
banke builded.

Edvard the third.

404

King Edvard returned from Caleis into England, nor without great danger of drovvning.

Commodities of peace.

Anno reg. 22

1348

on the Sea, he was beaten with such a Tempeft, that he lost many of his Shippes, and hardly escaped himselfe, not withstanding he came on land the fourteenth of October, and came to London.

This peace being made, it seemed through England as a new Sommer had followed, by cause of the plentie of all things, for there was no woman of any name, but she had some of the prises of Cane and Caleis, or of other Cities beyond the Seas, whereof the matrones being proude, did zagge in French matrones apparell.

At the sealt of Caffer, Iames Dowglas, who was taken at Durham in the warres, and brought to London wyth the King of Scottes, was licenced to departe home agayne, swearing to the King peace and sealtie, who afterwarde liuing peaceably in the marches, and being requested by William Dowglas to ride a hunting with him, was by him comming behind his backe moft trayerously lyayne.

After Caffer, the King held a Counsell, wherein it was decreed that none of his seruantes should take vp any viduables of any man against his will, no; but that he payde for it ready money, vpon payne to be punished and banished the Courte, Richarde Talbot high Steward of the Kings house being appoynted to see execution of that Proclamacion.

Men of th

The Earle of Ments was rached, areigned, and comuixed, for that contrary to his faith and homage sworne to the King of Englande, he did againes beare armes agaynste him, and for that fact he was drawne, hanged, and quarteRED. To this Counsell came two Carles and two Clearkes sente from the Princes electours, signifying that their election was made to the King, for the dignitie of the Kingdome of Almayne. These messengers the Lyng receyued with due honour, but answered them, that he would not take so great honour vpon hys shoulders, vntill he had the Crowne of France, due vnto him, in peaceable possession.

King Edvard elected King of Almayne.

## Edvard the thirde.

A little after Easser, there were great Justings holden at Lincolne by the Duke of Lancaster, where were present many Ladies, with the Countesse, and also certaine messengers sente from the King of Spayne, for the Lady Ioane, daughter to the King, that should be married to their Master the Kings Sonne, whome his husband mecting, the dpyed of the great Pestilence, so that he followed his to the graue.

Lustling at
Lincoln.

The same peare, King Edward with his eldest Sonne, the Earle of Warwike, and the Bishop of Winchester went to Caleis, from whence the King sente the Duke of Lancaster to Denemere, to receue in his behalfe sealtie and homage of the Earle of Flanders, which thing was by the sayd Earle perfourmed.

Henry Picard: Simon Dolfeby, the 23. of September.
John Loueken Fithmonger, the 28. of October.

Sherifes.
Maior.

Tbo. de La More.
Great Pestilence.
Tbo. Walfing.

There beganne amongst the Caff Indians and Tartarians a certainne Pestilence, which at length wared so generally, that it destroped the Sarasins, Turkes, Sarrians, Palestinians, and the Gretians, with a wonderfull, or rather incredible death, in so much that those peoples being exceedingly dismappele with the terror thereof, consulted amongst themselves, and thought it good to receue the Christian Faith and Sacramentes, so they had intelligence that the Christians whiche dwelte on this side the Greekish Sea, were not so greatly (more than common custome was) troubled wyth sicknesse and mortalitie. At length this terrible slaughter passed ouer into those Countreys which are on this side the Alpes, and from thence to the partes of France which are called Hesperia, and so by other along into Germany and Dutchland. And the seauenth peare after it beganne, it came into England, and first beganne in the Townes and Ports iopning on the Sea coastes, in Dorsetshire, where, even as in other Countreys, it made the Countrey quite boyde of inhabitantes, so that there were almost none left alinere.

Cc.,iiif.

From

## Edvard the thirde.

From thence it passed into Devonshire, and Somersetshire, cuen unto Bristol, and raged in suche sozt, that the Gloucestershiremen woulde not suffer the Bristolmen to haue anye accesse unto them, oz into their Countrey by anye meanes: but at length it came to Gloucester, yea and to Oxford, and London, and finally it spread ouer all England, and so walked and spoyled the people, that scarce the tenth person of all soztes was lefte aliue: when Church yardes were not sufficiente and large enough to burie theyz dead in, they chose certayne Fields appoynted soz that purpose.

Gualter Mayny, Lord of Mayny, bozne in Cambray, who served in company of Henry Duke of Lancaster in his great actes of Gascoyne and Guien, after this time made Knight of the Charter in England, having a respect to the danger that might fall in time of this Destilence then begonne in England, if the Churches and Church yardes in London might not suffise to bury the multitude, he purchased a piece of ground called Spittle Craft (soz that it belonged to the Mayster and bisethzen of Saint Barthelmewes Spittle) conteyping thirtæne acres and a rodde, without the barres of West Smithfield, and caused the same to be enclosed, and dedicated by Ralph Bishop of London, in the which place in the yeare following, was buried moze than fiftie thousand persons, as is affirmed by the Kings Charters which I haue ſène, and also by an inscription fired on a stone crosse in the same place. And in memorie thereof, the same Gualter Mayny caused upon the same grounde a Chappell to be builded, and after founded the same to be an house of Charterhouse Monkes.

Also about the same time, one John Cory, procured of Nicholas, Prior of the Church of the Holy Trinitie, nere unto Aldgate, one toft of ground nere unto East Smithfield, soz the buriall of them that dyed, that it might be called the Church yard of the Holy Trinitie: which ground he caused to be enclosed, and dedicated by Nicholas Northbroke, Bishop of London, in the which place, King Edward the third, by

Records of the
Garter.

Register of the
Charterhouse.
Ex Carta.

Charterhouse
Church-yard
By London.

Anno reg. 23.

Ro. de Auesburie.
Charterhouse
at London
founded.

## Edvard the thirde.

407

by consent of the sayd Prioſ and Couent, founded the Ab-
bey of Saint Mary of Grace in the yeare 1359, placing there-
in an Abbot and Monke of the order of Cisteaux, whiche
were white Monkes, and named the place Eastminster.

All futes and pleading in the Kings Bench, and other
places, ſoſ a ſeason ceaſed.

Very ſelwe noble men dyed, among whome departed
John Mountgomery, and his Lady: the Lord Cisteles Cap-
tayne of Caleis dyed at Caleis, and was buried in the white
Friars at London. Of the common people, togither with
Religious and Clearkes, there dyed an innumerable ſoſte,
ſoſ no man but God onely knewe how many. There dyed
from the first of January, to the first of July, in the Citie of
Norwich 57374. persons, besides Ecclesiastical Mendicants and Dominikes. There was buried in the Church
and Church-pard of Yermouth, in one yeare 7052. men and
women, before which time the Personage there was worth
700. markes by peare, and afterwardes was ſcarle worth
ſoſtie pounde the peare. This note was certified to King
Henry the ſeauenth, in the 22. of his raigne, and the fame is
written on the gates of the Church of Yermouth. This great
Pestilence began at London about the ſeall of All Sainces,
in ſ peare 1348. What time this Pestilence had wafled all
England, ſ Scots greatly reioping, mocked ſware oft-times
by the bile death of ſ Englishmen, but ſwozd of Gods wath
departing fro thence, ſlew ſ costumed the Scots in no lesſe nüſ
bers, than it did the other. It also wafed the Welchmen, and
within a while paſſed ouer into Ireland, where it deſtroyed a
great nüber of English people that dwelt there, but ſuche as
were right Irishmen bozne, ſ dwelt in the hilly countreys, it
ſcarcely touched, ſo that ſelw of the died therof. This plague
cōtinued ſometime in one place, ſometime in another, un-
till the peare of our Lord 1357. The fame peare ſoſ a truce
in ſoall peace to be concluded, the W. of Norwich, the Earle
of Northampton, the Earle of Stafford, Richard Talbot, Walter
Mayny Knightes, ſapled ouer the Sea into France, whom ſ

Cc.lliiij.

Frenchmen

Nevv Abbey
by the Towver
of London
founded.

Eiſer trimita Lond.
Lib. Eastminſter.

1349

Norwich.
Regift. of Norwich
Anti. ecclesi. Litt.
Yermouth.

408

Edward the third.

Frenchmen met peaceably, but they would not agree to a final peace, unless that Caleis were reforced to the againe, which would not be granted: and the truce whiche was taken for a yeare was so continued. But the Earle of Flanders, who would not in any case receue conditions of peace, unless the French King were quite forfaken, notwithstanding his solemne oth, not long after entred into Flanders with a great power of Frenchmen, burning and killing where ever he came: but the people of the Countrey with a few English-men with him skoutely, and gave him a soze skirmish, in the which, beside that many Frenchmen were slayne, the Earle himselfe was forced to slie, for the whiche worthy acte, many Knightes were made, amongst the which was John de Filebert, an English man.

In the feast of the Patiuitie of Saint Iohn, the Quene was purified at Vindesore, where were solemne Juries, and running at the Tilt, at the which, David King of Scottes was present, and the Earle of Ewe, the Lord Tankeruill, Lord Charles de Valoys, and many other Strangers captives, who by the Kings licence were permitted to runne also at the Tilte, at the which pastime the price of the field was adjudged to the Earle of Ewe. After in Sommer seafon, these Strangers passed their time in hunting, in the company of the King, and other nobles of the Realme, at Claringdon in Wiltshire nigh Salisbury, and in diners other Fozrettes.

Whiles the King was thus occupied, the Frenchmen notwithstanding the truce, entred the marches of Britaine, but the sonnes of Sabater, with a few other, who went out a so raging, twke Thomas Dagworth Knight, a man of great experience, who but with a few men, so weete, furtene and med men, entred the woodde against these robbers, and innaded them, slaying to the number of thzee hundred, but at the length being stricken five times in the face with Quarels, all his men being first slayne, he himselfe was througth through the body with a twood.

Adam

Inches at
V Vindsore.

Sir Thomas
Dagwyorth
slayne.

Edvard the third.

409

Adam of Burie: Ralph of Limne, the. 28 of September.
William Turke Fithnonger, the. 28 of October.

Sherifes. ?
Maior. §

Ro. Auesbery.
Adam Mers.

About the feast of Saint Michael, more than 120 persons of Sealande, and Hollande, comming through Flaunders unto London, sometime in the Church of Saint Paule, some time in other places of the Citie, twice in the day, in the lighte of all people, from the lopnes, unto the hæles, couered in lynnen clothe, all the rest of their bodies being bare, hauing on their heads hats with red crosse before and behinde, every one in their right hands a whip with thre cozdes, eache cozde hauing a knotte in the middel, beat themselves on their bare cloudie bodies going in procession, foure of them singing in their owne language, all the other answering them.

A bloudy Procession of publicans.

The same peare the Earle of Lancaster, the Barons of Stafforde and Greystoke, also the heires of the Lordes Percy and Neuel, and the Lord Burniual, with Barthelmew Burwath, and diverse other, about the feast of Al Saintes, passed over sea into Gafcoign, to delay the furious vpzoze that John de Valoys sonne to the French king had made in that duke's dome, greatly spoyling and walking the same. Also the kings counsel ordained, that none of the kings Justices duering the time of their offices, should receue any fee, gift, or reward of any man, except it were of the king himselfe.

A Serpent with two heads in Oxfordshire.

Also this yeare in the Countie of Oxford, nephe vnto a towne called Chippingnorton, there was founde a Serpent hauing two heads, and faces like women, and being shaped after the newe type of that time: another after the maner of the old attyple, and it had great wings, after the manner of a Flyndermouſe or Bat.

About the feast of Al Saintes, kynge Edwarde beynge ac companyed with the Earle of Lancaster, and Southfolke, and diverse others, passed ouer the seas into Flaunders, and theſe leading his armie towardes Fraunce, the French men made meanes vnto him to reneue their truce : and nowe the Earle of Flaunders submitted himselfe the third time vnto

K. Edyvvarde
fayled to vvarde
Flaunders.

Cr. h. the

410

Edward the third.

the kings mercie and dominion. Then the king returning
toward Englande, to solemnize the translation of S.Tho-
mas the Confessour and Wathoppe of Hereforde, dyd wyth
his presence and Nobilitye honoure the fame, to the
greate erpences of Nicholas Cantulupus Baron, and cou-
sin to the sayde Saint Thomas: during whiche kekke and lo-
lemnitie, it was signified to the King by the Secretaries of
Emericus of Padua, who was a sced manne to the king of
Englande, that on the fourteenth day of Januarie nexte com-
ming, Geoffrey Cherney Knight, and manpe other Frenche
men shoulde be receyued into Caleis, vnto whom the sayd
towne was solde by the sayde Emericus: but the Towne
beyng presentlye rescued by king Edwarde, the sayde Eme-
ricus of Padua with other Genoways cõtinued in Caleis, beyng
maintayned there at the costes of the Frenche king againste
the king of Englande, when he besieged it, who also after
the pælding of it to the King of England, being pardoned
bothe of life and lymme, from thenceforth continued and
dwelte as a sced man of the kyngs in the sayde Towne
foz the defence thereof. At that time the sayde Geoffrey
was Lozde of Matas, a man more skylfull in warfare than
anpe Frenche man in Fraunce. Wherefore he was greatlye
effemed, euen to the time of his death. This craftie de-
uiser indeuozed by his letters, wherin he made promise of
large giftes of golde, and other sophisticall perſwaſtions,
quite to subuert the kapyth and loyaltie of the sayde Emeri-
cus.

Caleis like to
haue bin be-
trayed.

Finally, this craftie deuiser agreed with this false man,
that for twenty-time thousande French crownes he should let
in the Frenche menne to the Towne, and as much as
laye in him, delvuer vppe to the Frenche menne both the
Towne and Castell. This bargaine being most trayto-
rougly, made by the and breaking of the Sacrament betwixt
them, yet all this notwythstanding, he wrote letters vnto
the Kyng touching the rate of the whole matter, but
herte prouilbe, howe that he was readie to the we friendly
Chip

Edward the third.

Chippe to the Frenche menne, yet meanyng to make fru-
krate theyr purpose, whereby theyr shoulde be conu-
ted of breakyng the truce, and also manye of them
thoulde be taken to bée raunsomed, wherefoze kyrng
Edwarde spéciallye passed ouer, beyng accompanped wyth
hys eldrest Sonne, the Earle of Marche, and a sewe
other, cominyng before the tyme appoynted for the
pèldyng of the Towne certayne daves. There-
fore hée beyng come to Callayes, hée layde certayne men
of armes wythin the Vaultes whyche were betwirte
the outter gate and the inner parte of the Cassetell,
buyldyng a thinne and slender Wall before them newe-
lye sette vppe, not made of Playster, but of counter-
sayte matter, whyche iopned to the other Wall, crafti-
lye deuised and made like the olde worke, so that no
manne woulde Judge that that anye were enclosed ther-
in. Also he caused the mapnepostes of the dazwe
bridge to bée sated almoſſe in ſunder, yet in suche forſt,
that armed hozſtemen mighte ryde ouer it: and for the
purpose he hadde a greate ſtone, whiche was layde vppe
in a hole made in ſoſme of an Arche, beyng in the
ſoſeparte of the Towne hangyng ouer the Bridge, in
whyche hée appoynted a Faythſull ſhouidiour should bée
in due tyme to throuſe downe the layde ſtone bypon
the Bridge, that wyth the fall thereof, the Bridge
beyng halſe cutte in two, should be broken in ſunder,
and so that hole where the ſtone was layde, shoulde bée
wrought in suche ſoſte, that hée wythin shoulde perceine
throughe the hole howe manye dyp enter in: sewe were
made prinie to this practice, nepther did many knowe of the
kings presence on of the prince of Wales, who when they had
wroughte thys keate, ferretely conueped themselves into
the Towne. The dave before the tyme of delyueris
of thys Towne, Geoffrey Cherney ſente fiftène of his faith-
fulleſt menne wyth the greater parte of the golde whiche
was to be payde, who shoulde also trye the faythe

Anno reg. 24.

ak

Edvard the third

of Emericus, and the order of the Casset, who searching eu-
uerp where, in euery Tower and corner whiche they could
finde open, coulde percepue nothing contrarie to theyz ly-
kyng, wherebpon on the next day in the mozing, they set
bp the French kings fanderde in the highest Towze of the
Casset, and the auntientes also of Geoffrey, and of other
Lordes upon other Towers and places. Then the people
of the Town who kept common watch and warde, not kno-
wing of this secrete deuice, were gretly terrifyed therwith,
in so muche that they taking weapon in hande, beganne to
give a charge against the Casset : bp and bp the French men
who hadde entred the day before, toke Thomas Kingstone,
then flcing awaye, quite ignozaunt of that whiche was de-
uised, and forzeably they set him in the flockes. Then cer-
taine of them being sent out to the French men their compa-
nions and mailters, who lape without in ambushes
thewed them the auntients and fanderd set bp, and all to
be well, euen as they woulde haue it, haftning them for-
warde to come to the defence of the Casset, againfte the
townes men : wherfoze they rpying from their lurking pla-
tes, aduaunced themselues in pride and bragging, and came
bp heapes in at the gates of the Casset. The townes men
perceyping this, had muche adoe to fozebeare their handes
from them, had not their chiefe leaders withdrew them
from it, least some daunger should haue happened to them
that lape hid : bp and bp those that lape hid closed under the
Arches of the Walles, prepared themselues to breake out
upon their enimies. In like forste also he that with the great
Kone was thut bp in the hole, after that he see so manp en-
tred in, effemning that his fellolves were sufficient to ouer-
throwe them, with that great Kone put to his cullodie hée
brake the drawe bridge, bp the whiche the enemies had en-
tred in, but being once in, coulde not goe that wape out a-
gaine: when the Kone was thus downe, and had discharged
the thing for the which it was layde bp, & the French men de-
ceiued bp that pollicyp, they wer enclosed safe ynough. At the
noyle

## Edward the thirde.

noyse of thisalone and the bridge that brake, these armed
men of whom before I spake, breaking downe their coun-
terfaite wall, behinde the which all the decepte was hyd,
they presently set themselves in order to inuade the French
men, bidden to a bitter breakfaunce. The conflict was sharp for
a good season, but at the length the enimies being ouer-
come, yelped themselves to the pleasure of the conquerours.
They which were without and had not entred, as some as
they perceyued theyr companions to be deceyued, fled, after
whome the king with scarce fiftene men of armes and as
many Archers followed a pace, the runnawayes not kno-
wing what company woulde followe them: many in thys
chase were wearied, and many moe slaine, and in a small
time the king ouercame daungerous and great labours:
but at length, when it was under stroke by them that fledde,
howe sewe there were that chased them, fourescore armed
men turned them against the king. I dare not ascribe thys
boldnesse of the king in chasing of his enimies, to hiss wisedom,
but only to the koutnesse of his minde, the whiche is
well knownen through Gods grace to be brought to good effect
by his meanes, though the daunger were neuer so gret:
for when he perceyued that the French men had turned the-
selues to withstande him, he calfe away the scaberde of his
sword, and comforting his men about him, setting them in
good order, erhżted them to play the men lustily. The Ar-
chers being placed in the Marche against the sides of the e-
nimies stroke on dry Hilles, which were compassed aboute
with quag-nyers and foggie places, that nepther hozze-
men no: fotemen might approach them, but they should ra-
ther be drowned in mud than come nere to hurt them: these
also did the king comfort, saying to them (doe well you Ar-
chers) play the men lustily, and knowe that I am Edwarde
of Windsor. When the presence of the king, and necessitie of
the matter, flyed by the hartes to doe well: the Archers
concering theyr heads, stripping by theyr fleures, bente
themselues to bestow theyr arrowes in such fashion that they
might

Tho, de la More.

Edvard the third.

might not be lost: and as the French men decline towards
the, they saluted the after with their arrows. The armed
men of both parties fight in order to fight upon a long
and narrow causeway, the third whereof was not able
to receive some twenty men of archers in a fronte, having
on both sides thereof the Partridge, in the which the Ar-
chers were placed, who gauled and wounded them en-
mies on the sides, fighting as thick as hay. The flying
and his men before, wyth the Archers on the side, flying
and take a greater many: and many of them fight well
into it, till at the length by the coming of the Prince
of Wales, the French were put to flight: after a long
chase in pursuing the enemies, they returning back again
into Caleis, numbered those which were fled, as well as
which were taken, and they found, that for the taking of
the Castell (as the prisoners repotted) there came a thou-
sand men of archers, and fire hundred armed men, but they
which served, were above twice thousand: among the which
were taken, was Geoffrey Charney and his sonne, Edwarde
de Renty, Robert Danquile, Otto de Gulo, the Baron of
Martingham, Baldyne Saylly, Henrie de Prees, Garinus Bay-
lofe, Peter Renel, Peter Dargemole, Eustace de Riplemount
and many other, Lords, Knightes, and Barons, who
were chased and ranne away with them, auntresses, as the
Lord de Mountmarice, also Laundes, who married the La-
dy Saint Paule Countesse of Penbroke in England, also the
Fenas, the Lord de Planckes, and another Eustace de Reple-
mount. There were slaine in the skirmish the Lord Henrie
de Boys, the Lord Archibalde, & many others, whose names
the Conquerors were not able to certify. Thus by policie
and deuised treason the authors thereof came to death and
destruction: neither Eustachius himselfe escaped free from
the snares, for he within a while after being taken by the
French men, was burned alive with a hotte pyon, and degra-
ded from the order of Knighthood by the cutting off his heads,
and depriuing of his tongue by alacrity: afterward, he was hâ-
ged

ged

Edward the third.

417

like as Caffels to cotages, sharply allapled our men, y stone
& squarels flying fro the tops, soze & cruelly wounded our
me, who no lesse búsie to fight alofe with launce and sword,
& with the sozeward manfully defende themselves, at length
our archers perced theyz Arbalusters with a further retch thay
they coulde strike againe, and thereby compelled them to
fozake their place, and caused other fighting from the
Hatches to shade themselves with tables of the ships, and
compelled them that threwe stones from the toppes, so to
hyde the, that they durst not chew theyz heads, but tumble
down: then our men entring y Spanish Wessels with swozds
& Halberds, killed those they met, win a whyle make boyd
y dessels & furnish them wþth English men, until they being
beset with darknesse of the night, could not decern the. rrvy.
yet remapning ontaken : our men caff ancker, studying of
the hoped battayle, supposing nothing finithed, whilest a
ny thing remayned undone, dzeffing the wounded, throuw-
ing the myserable Spaniards into the Sea, refreshing them-
selves with vidualles and fléepe, yet committing the digi-
lant watche to the armed bande. The night ouerpalled, the
English men prepared (but in vaine) to a new battayle, but
when the sunne began to appeare, they viewing the seas,
coulde percyue no ligne of refyllaunce, for rrvy. chippes
flying away by nighte, lefte rvy. spoyled in the euening,
to the kyngs pleasure, but agaynke they wil.

Battaile on the
Sea,

The King returned into England with victorie and tri-
umphe, the King preferred there. ²⁰. noble ympes to the
order of knighthode, greatly bewayling the louse of one,
to witte fir Richard Goldesborough Knight.

Thys yeare Phillippe de Valoys Frenche Lyng,
deceased, and hys eldett Sonne Iohn was crouned.

John Notte: William Worcester, the 28. of September.

Richard Killingburie, the. 28. of October.

Two hyzed souldiours of the Lyng of Armenia, came
into Englande, into the presence of the King, where they the-
wed the letters of the afozelsayde King of Armenia, wherein

it
Dd.

Phillip the frenc
King died.

Sherifes.

Maior.

418

## Edvard the third

it was signified that the one of them, to witte, John de Vif-
count, a man borne in Cipres, had flanderously charged the
other, that is Thomas de la Marche, a Frenche man borne,
and balfarde sonne to Phillippe late King of Fraunce, saying
that the sayde Thomas shoulde haue recepued of the Turkes
a certaine some of Golde, for the betraying the armye of
the Christians into the Emperour of the Turkes; and for the
prize of this flaunder, this John challenged a combat wyth
the sayde Thomas, to be tryed by the judgement of Edward
King of Englande, and that by him (as by a molle worthy
Prince,) all strike shoulde be ended. For this therefore were
these two worthy souldiours appointed to fight, which they
performed within the liffes of the Kings Pallace at West-
minster, on Mondaye nerke following after the feaffe of
Saint Michael, where Thomas, in declaration of his inno-
cencie, in that he was accused of, overcame his enimpe,
but yet killed him not, for he could not, by cause he was not
able to wounde him be wing so armed, with anye kynde of
piercing weapon, except it were in his face, whiche was
bare. For after that they hadde runne at the Tilte, and
soughte on fote, as they were striuing togither on the
grounde, wyth certaine prickes bothe chozte and sharpe,
then called Gadlings, being closed in the iopntes of his
righfe Gauntlet, the sayde Thomas strucke the sayde John
in the face, and forze wounded hym: but on the other side
John hadde no suche chozte kinde of weapon, wherewhyl
hée myght hurte Thomas face, and therefore cryed out a
londe molle hozribly, wherupon by the kings commande-
mente the combatte was ended, and the victorie adiudged
to Thomas, who gaue the sayde John, being thus ouer-
come, to the Prince of Wales for a Captive, and offered by
his owne armoure to Sainte George, in Sainte Paules
Churche at London, wyth greate devotion. These mat-
fers be wing thus finished, the Cipres man is manumitted
and lette at libertie as a free man againe. And Thomas
thinking

Edvard the third.

thinking boldely to goe into the presence of his brother the
Frenche King, toke hys journey thyther, and at his com-
ming, founde the sayde King and the nobilitie of Fraunce,
greately offended, and in indignation against him, for that
he agreed that the combat shoulde be tried before the King
of England. Wherefore Thomas thinking secretly with him
selke hewe to winne the false friendship of his brother, be-
ing desirons to shewe that therein hée hadde done well, a-
mong all other things he greately praysed the nobilitie of
Edwarde and his worthy fame spiedde ouer al the worlde,
and also the iustice whiche he vled in judging, not accep-
ting the person of the manne of Cipres, (pea thoughe he lo-
ued the Kyng himselfe verpe well) nepther suffered him to
be preferred before me, whiche am a Frenche manne, and
brother, and friende to thée my Lozde Kyng of Fraunce,
iudge ouer the sayde King Edwarde my aduerfarie. Also
the Earle of Eure hyghlye praysed the King of England, for
that hée hadde receued greate comforte and commoditye
at hys hands during the tyme of hys Captiuitie in Eng-
lande, shewing also hewe farre that good Kyng hadde ba-
nished enuie and hatred from hys hearte, who at a time
of instyng, beyng in the selde at that exercise, and the
Kyng also, was commaunded by the Kyng hymselfe to
beare alwaye the price and pricke from them all. Those
commendations did the Frenche Kyng enuie at, and for
indignation, he moste wickedlye commaunded the set-
ters for the of those prayses to be beheaded. And for to co-
lour the matter the better, he fayned that the Earle vled so
muche familiaritie with the Quene his wife, and that his
brother was guiltie of treason againste the king of Fraunce,
because he committed his cause and the combat to be tryed
by the iudgement of the king of Englande. After he had thus
murdered his brother, he tormented his wife to death by fa-
mine, who was daughter of the noble King of Boheme, late
ly plaine in battaple by Geoffrey.

Dd. if. William

Dd. if.

William

410

Groates and
halfe groates.

Anno reg. 25

The Walising.
Histo. Auria.

Parliament at
V. Veitminister.

A fat Covv
sixtene pence.

1351

## Edvard the third.

William Edington Bithoppe of Winchester, and treasurer of England, a wise man, caused a newe copny called a Groate, and halfe Groate to be copned, but these were of lesse wayght than the pence, called Esterlings, by reason wherof vidualles and merchandice became the dearer through the whole realme.

After the Octaues of the Purification of our Lady, in a Parliament holden at Westminster, Henrie Carle of Lancaster was created Carle of Lincolnne, Leicester, Derby, Grosmount and Ferrers, and Duke of Lancaster, vnto whome also was giuen great prinuiledges, suche as neuer any Carle had before his time. Also Lionel of Antwerpe the kings sonne is made Carle of Vlstar in Irelande, Iohn of Gaunte his brother is made Carle of Richmonde, and Ralph Baron of Staffordre, is made Carle of Staffordde.

In the Lent following Walter de Maine, and Roberte Herle Captain of Caleis, rod into France, making gret paces and doing great domage, brought away gret Coze of beaaks, thepe, and Swine, so that at Caleis a fat Cowe was scartelve solde for sixtene pence sterling. About Easter the Duke of Lancaster departing from Caleis marched alongst the Sea coasts of Artoys, and Picardie, went the Suburbes of Bulloign, but affaulting the Towne he prieuapled not, for that only the ladders were too short. Therefize he wafsted the Cities of Tirwin, and the hauen, also the Townes of Fauconbridge and Staples, and in the same hauens he went above. 120. shIPS of diverse moulds. After this hzenning the Champion Countrep, he rode vnto Saint Omers, and winning by force manye Foztresses, with a great pza p and many prisoners he retur ned to Caleis. About the feast of Saint George things pزلpe red wel in Gascoine, for the Marthal of France, with a greate number of armed men spopled the Countrep about S. Dan gel, where Edmond Role a Norffolke man was Captayne, who with the garison, baliaunkly encomtred the enimes, flew many of them, and toke the layde Marthal and manye other nobles of Fraunce, chafing above 400. knightes.

The.

Edvard the third.

The same yeare the Spanish chippes by a treatie of peace
came into Englande, where the last yeare they were retrap-
ned, but nowe a truce was taken for twentie yeares, be-
twixt England and Spaine, and a truce betwixt Englande and
France for one yeare, whiche the French men brake, by rea-
son of taking the Casset of Guifnes, as in the next yeare shall
be shewed.

John Wroth: Gilbert of Steinehorpe, the.28.of Septem.
Andrew Auberie Grocér, the.28.of October.

Sherifes.
Major.

About this season the old coin of gold was changed in-
to a new,½ old Noble was worth much above the tared rate
of the newe were, and therfore the Marchauntes boughte
the olde and conueped them out of the Realme to the greate
lofte of the king and kingdome, to the whiche there was a
remedie provided, by the chaunging of the Stampe.

About the beginning of Januarie, the French men bee-
ing occupied about the repaying of the Walles of Guifnes
Towne, being afore that time destroped by the English men,
some men of armes of Caleis understanding their doings,
devised how they might ouerthrow the worke, in this sort.
There was an Archer named John Dancaster, in prison in
the Casset of Guifnes, before that time take, who not having
wherwith to pay his raunsome, was let lose, with conditi-
on that he shoulde worke there amongst the French men.
This fellow chaunced to lye with a Laundnes, a Trumpet,
& learned of him where beyond the principal ditch, from the
bottome of the ditch, there was a Wall made of two fote
bzoade stretching from the rampiers, to the brimme of the
ditche within forthe, so that being couered with Water it
could not be seen, but not so drowned, but that a man go-
ing aloft theron, shoulde not be wette palle the knés, it
beyng made for the vse of Fishers : and therefoze in the
middeft it was discontinued for the space of two fote:
and so the Archer (hys Harlot the beyng it to hym,) he mea-
fured the heygth of the Wall wyth a threede. These things
thus known, one day slipping down from the Wall, he pac-
Dd. iy.
led

Anno reg. 26.

The getting of
Guifnes by the
Englishe.

Edvard the third

fed the ditche by that hydden Wall, and lying hidde in the
Marilh till Cuening, came in the night neare vnto Caleis,
where tarrying for the cleare daye, he then wente into the
Towne (foz else he might not:) here he infructed them that
were grædie of pize and to scale the Cassetell, hove they
might enter the same; they caused ladders to be made to the
length by the Archer appointed. Thirtie me conspyzing to-
gither, clothing themselues in blacke armour without any
brightnesse, they went to the Cassetell by the guiding of the
fayde Iohn de Dancafter, and clyming the Wall with their
ladders, they flewe the watchmen, and thze we them down
headlong beside the Wall: after this, in the Hall they flew
many whom they founde vnarmed, playing at the Chesse
and Hazarde. Then they brake into the Chambers and
Turrets upon the Ladyes and Knightes that lape there a
fleepe, and so were made maillers of all that was within:
and shutting all their prisoners into a strong Chamber, be-
ing bereft of all their armour, they toke out the English men
that had bin taken the yeare before and there kept in prison,
and after they hadde relieued them well with meate and
drinke, they made them guardens ouer them that had them
in cultodie: and so they wanne all the Fortresses of the
Cassetell, vnknolwen to them that were in the Towne, (ap-
pointed to ouersee the repaying of the broken Wals) what
had happened to them within the Cassetell. In the mo-
ning they commaunded the Wozkemen in the Towne to
teale from theyz Wozkes, who therebpon perceyuing
that the Cassetell was wonne, kreyghte wayes fledde,
and the newe Castilians, suffered the Ladyes to depart
on hoyslebacke, wyth theyz apparell, writings, and Hu-
nimentes, where they oughte to holde theyz fæs: and
the same daye there came from Caleis to theyz apde luche
persons as they sente for, by whose apde they kepte the
Cassetell: and aboute thze of the clocke there came two
Knightes, sente from the Carle of Guisnes, who demaun-
ding.

Edward the third.

ding a truce, willed to know of them that were thus entred
the Caffel, who they were, to whom they belonged, and by
whose authoritie they kept the Caffell so taken in the time
of truce, whereunto they aunsweread, that being intruded,
they would not declare to any man theyz purpose, til they
had tryed a longer possession: and therefoze on Saint Maw-
rice day, the Abbot (the King being busy in Parliamente,)
the French men being sente from the sayde Earle of Guifnes,
declared, how in preiudice of the truce, the sayd Caffel was
taken, and therefoze by right of mutuall sayth it ought to be
restored unto them. The King aunswered, that without his
knowledge that enterprize was made, and therefoze hee
gane commaundemente to his subiectes, that none of them
thoulde detepne the Caffell of Guifnes, but deliuer it unto
the lawfull Lords thereof. The messengers being retur-
ned home, and reporting what they had done, the Earle of
Guifnes commeth to the Caffel, demanding of them within,
as at other times, in whose name they kepte it. Who con-
stantly affirming that they kepte it in the name of Iohn
Dancafter, he required to knowe if the same Iohn were the
King of Englandes liegeman, or woulde obey him: who an-
swearing that he knewe not what messengers hadde bin in
Englande, the Earle offered for the Caffle, besides all the
treasure founde in it, many thousands of Crownes, or pos-
sessiones for erchaunge, and a perpetuall peace with the king
of France. To this they aunsweread, that before the takyng
of that Caffel they were English men by nation, but by theyz
demerites bannited for the peace of the king of Englande,
wherefore the place which they thus helde, they would wil-
lingly sell or erchaunge, but to none sowner than to theyz
naturall king of Englande, to whom they sayde, they woulde
sell their Caffel, to obtaine their peace: but if he would not
buy it, then they woulde sell it to the King of France, or to
whome soever would give molt for it.

Dd.itg.

The

424

## Edvard the thirde.

The Earle being thus shifted of from them, the king of Englande boughte it in dæde, and so had that place whyche he greatlye desired. This Foztresse was wont to stoppe vppe the paſſage into the higher Countrep, gyuing to some greate ſuertye from the Fozragers, that were to illue foath of Caleis. The Counſell of France therefore wifhing to haue that Caffell agapne, oz to builde another of like utiletie, foz the defence of the Countrep thereaboutes, they ſente foz Geſſrey Charney latelye redæmed out of Englishe Captiuitie, with auchozitie to builde and foztiſpe as followeth.

To them that trauaple from Guifnes to Caleis there was a place on the leſte hande ſtrong, but decayed, hauing a Churche, in which certaine ſunnes were resident, and it was called Lalbastie : this place was so neare to Guifnes, that the Englishe menne standyng without the gate of theyr fortresse might thowte to it . Thys Monasterie of ſunnes mighte easiely be made defenſible, foz it hadde high Walles like a Caffell, and a highe Towze, and verpe large foz a keeple, and beypng ſcituatě in a marithe grounde, it mighte with ſmall labour be compassed with a ditche. This place the Englishe men hadde ſpared foz denotion ſake, until that the foſkapde Geſſrey, in bzeache of truce, wyth a mightye power besieged Guifnes, and remoued the ſunnes from the Churche, making a Caffell of the Church, and ſensing the Walles with vampire and ditch: and this was about Pen-tecolle, in whiche ſeason the Waters not impeaching hym, his people myghte worke in the Marithe. They wythin the Caffel thereſore being besieged, were vnneſt able to come abroade wyth theyr boates by the ditches that were ſul of Water, and by the Marith unpaſſable and alſo full of Waſter, nepther theyp of Caleis coulde victuall them by anpe manner of meane, by reaſon of the ſiige, and wardyng that was kepte at Lalbastie. They that were thus besieged oft times failed out and fought with the ſ of Lalbastie, but ſue herp ſew, ſometime with arrows, ſ sometime w other wea-

pous.

Lalbastie
fortified.

Edvard the third.

pons:at length, upon a day appointed, the Californians, with the
of Oye & Markets on the one part, and they within Guisnes on
the other, met, set on their enimies, flew many, and chased
many away, and finally set fire and burned up Lalbastie, and
dismanteling the walles, made all plaine with the ground.

This yeare, the Duke of Lancaster going into Spruce, by
the aduise and ordinance of the King, his daughter was
dispousate in England to William Duke of Zeland, eldest
sonne to Lewes Duke of Baure, that intruded upon the Ro-
mane Empire.

This yeare, about the fifteenth of August, Walter Bent-
ley Captapyne, Robert Knolles, and other, in the marches of
Britaine, valiantly encountered their enimies, where in a
fight doubtfull for a god while, were Capyne the principall
Marshall of France, also the Lords of Quintin, of Curtinoke, of
Richmont, of Mount Albon, of Legenell, of Launey, of Montbech,
of Vile Chastel de la March, and other Knightes, in number
140, and Bachelers, to the number of five hundred, whose
coatearmours were brought away: the number of commos
were not compted. There were taken the Lord of Brusebeke,
sonne of the Marshall Bertram, also Tristram de Maleis, al-
so the Lord of Maletret, the Wicount of Comaine, Geoffrey de
Graues, William de la Vall, Charles Darchesfill, Iohn de
Baule, and other Knightes, with Bachelers, above 130.
This armie of the Frenchmen, under the conduct of the Cappe
Marshall, of purpose deuised by him, was so beſette on the
backehalſe, with the ſkepenesse of a Mountapne, that ſie
they could not, to the end that hope of flight being taken from
them, their courage to fight might be more encreaſe. There
were many of those Knightes surnamed of the Starre, who
in their p[ro]ſession had conspired neuer to turne their ſeaſ,
full backes to their enimies, of which number of Knightes,
there were among them Capyne and taken, numbere of
From that dangerous encounter ſew escaped unhurt, and
among other, the koſeſapd Walter Bentley Captapne was
kore wounded, who commanded thirtie archers to be con-

Dd.v.

demned.

Lalbastie brent
and rafed.

V Valter Bent-
ley, and Robert
Knolles make a
voyage into
France.

Knights of
the Starre.

426

Edvard the third

demned, koz that in the greatest heate of the fight they fledde.

The Earle of *Stafford* also entered into *Gascogne*, where encountering with a greate armie of the *Frenchmen* that were issued forth of the foztresse of *Gagent*, he discomfited, toke, and chased them: about the Patiuitie of our Lady there was taken that valiant Knight Brule Gaude, and seauen Knightes of the Starre. Shoztly after, dyed John Dediafes, and Thomas Wale, Knightes of greate baloz.

John Peeche: John Stotley, the 28. of September.

Adam Francis Mercer, the 28. of October.

The same peare, it being heard that Pirats troubled the Seas, there were seauen Shippes of warre ordempned, certayne Pinesses attending upon them: ouer the whiche were Admiralles, Thomas Cooke, and Richard Tottlesham Knightes, who scoured the Seas about the coast of Picardie and Normandie, but before the keast of Saint George, they returned as they wised.

Whilet these things were a doing by Sea and Lande, Otto, sonne to the Duke of *Brunswike*, the *French* Kings fow man, sent letters to the Duke of *Lancaster*, being returned out of *Spruce*, by the tenour whereof he accused him, affir ming, that as he returned out of *Spruce* by *Colein*, he maliti oullie infor med the *Colenors*, that the *Sayd* Otto went about by kealth to haue taken him prisoner, and to haue præsen ted him to the *French* King, adding hærebunto, that bycaufe he neuer meant any such taking of him, he was ready in de claration of his god name, by a singular Combate onely in the *French* Kings Court, to proue the Duke of *Lancaster* a lyar touching the *Sayd* Article. The Letters were not lea led, and therefoze, least it might hane bin thought follie to haue giuen credite to the letter, deliuered by a seruant, the Duke sent onto Otto two Knightes to learne the cause of the chalenge, and to demaund thereof his letters patentes, sealed with his seale of armes, which Knightes accompli

hing

Sherifes.

Maior.

Otto of Bruns-
vvike chalen-
geth to comba-
vvith the Duke
of Lancafter
before the
French King
at Paris.

Edvard the third.

hing the effect of their journey, and returning with spède,
the Duke sent to the French King for a safe conduct to him-
self and his men, and with much ado obtepyning it, he went
to Paris, where in the liſſes, in presence of the French King,
the King of Nauarre, and the Duke of Burgoigne, and many
Pèeres, and other of the Realme of France, he mounted on
his steede in ſeemely wife, readie in all ſignes, without de-
fault, to trie the Combate, and so ſayde till his aduersarie
was readie, and the boyle of the Herault and Canton to be
had by their common othe, for the assurance of his word,
and to obey the Law. On the contrary parte, the ſayde
Otto starcely was set on his Horse, it was not able decently
to set on his helmet, nor to wèlde his Speare (or else
he fapned) whose vnablenſe bœing percepued by the
French King, the King of Nauarre, and other, the Kyng
ſoke the quarrell into his hands, whereupon Otto was
commaunded firſt to departe the liſſes, and so wente his
way, but the Duke abode ſill within them. After this, by
commandement of the Frenche King, Otto ſware that he
should neuer after that day appeach the Duke of Lancaster
of that Article : and so from thence the Duke returned
home by Zeland.

After the Epiphanie, a Parliament was holden at West-
minſter, wherein, an ordinance was made at the instance of the
Londoners, that no knowne whoze should weare from thence-
forth any howde, excepte reped or striped of diuers cou-
lours, nor Furre, but garmentes reversed or turned
the wrong ſpade outwarde, oppon payne to foſſkeyte the
ſame.

This yeare, the dearth of Cozne by them of Ireland, and
the Irisſonen that brought in Cozne to sell unto diuers Ha-
uens of the Realme, was awaged, to the great releſe of the
people.

King Edward altered the Chappell, which his progeni-
tors before had founded of Saint Stephen at Westminſter, in-
to a Colledge of twelve ſecular Canons, twelve Clicars, &
others.

Anno reg. 27
Parliament at
V Westminſter.

Apparell ap-
poyned to
harlots.

Edvard the third.

428

Saint Stephens
Chappell at
V Westminister.
Ex Carta.

1353

Staples of
V Voill to be
kept in Eng-
land.

Sherifes.
Maior.

Treatie of
peace.

Counties.

Annoreg. 28.

other Ministers accordingly, and endebted it with reue-
neues, to the summe of five hundred pound by peare.

The morrow after Saint Matthies day began a Parlia-
ment, wherein it was ordained that the Staple of Woll be-
foze kept in Flanders at Bridges, should from thenceforth be
holden in diuers partes of England, Wales, and Ireland, as at
Newcastell, Yorke, Lincolne, Canterbury, Norwich, Westminister,
Chichester, Winchester, Excester, Bristow, and Carmarden.

The Earle of Northampton went into Scotland wyth a
great companp of armed men, and Archers, where he rode
throughe the marches, and enfozced y Caffell of Loghmaban,
and other foztresses to yeeld, and towe the Scottes that were
laide in ambushes. He also held a treatie of peace with the
Scottes, who gladly would haue redeemed their King, and
made a perpetuall peace with the Englishmen, but yet so as
the King of Scottes should not hold his land of the King of
England.

William Weld: John Little, the 28. of September.
Adam Francis Mercer, the 28. of October.

Innocent the 6. for the desire of peace, sent the Cardinal of Bononi to Caleis, to heare the treatie of the finall peace be-twixt the Ringdomes of England and France, to whome re-paired the Counsellours of both Realmes, with full autho-ritie to treate and constitute the conditions of the same peace, and at length they agreed upon this poynt, that the King of Englande should resigne all his right that he had to the Realme of France, and remitte it to the French King, and should haue therefoze the Dutchie of Aquitayne, and the Counties of Artoys and of Guifnes, for him and his suc-cessors Kings of England, without that he should holde the same of the French King in any manner of wife. To these conditions the King of England gaue his consente, and for the assurance of the covenants, Embassadoures are sente to the Sea of Rome from euther Realme. In the King of Eng-lands behalfe went the Bishop of Norwich, the Duke of Lan-caster, the Earle of Arundell, and other knightes, who going to

Edvard the third

to Auinion, there came to them the Archbishop of Rohan, the
Duke of Burgoigne, Geoffrey Charney, and other of the French
Kings Countell: all these were recepued in great honor:
many Cardinalles and Bishops met the Duke of Lanca-
fter, who brought him for the space of two miles vnto Au-
nion, and to the Popes Pallace: at length in the Consistorie
of the Pope, he with the Cardinalles and Embassadoures
being present, the causes of their message was declared, and
the Embassadoures of England requestied to haue the cone-
nants confirmed, which had bin concluded at Caleis: to whom
the Frenchme answered, that gladly they would haue peace,
but touching Aquitaine, and the fozeaid Countreys, as they
sayde, the French King could not, noz they might giue their
assents that the same Thoulde be alienated from the entire
body of the Kingdome, to the which, as well the King as
they had taken an oth to mayntepne, but yet they could be
contented that the profitable dominion of the sayd Duchy
and Countreys should be deliuered, and come to the King
of England, as his auncellers had Aquitayne, but so yet as the
regalitie of the Crowne of France should euer be reſerued.
The Englishmen requestied that these sayd dominions should
be absolutely, and without any condition reſtored to the
King: anſwere also was made to the reaſon of the French-
men, touching the oth of their King and themselves, where-
by they were bound to conſerue the integritie of the ho-
nour of their Kingdome, to wée te, that the Pope for the be-
neſite of peace might aſſoyle them from the ſaide othe, and
this as to certayne articles premitted, it Thoulde be very
well done: but yet nothing was done that might be of force
to the furthering of the peace. And so the Embassadoures
without effect returned home, the Bishop of Norwich ercep-
ted, that deceaſed, and was buried there, to whome Succc-
ded Thomas Percy.

The King of Nauarre through a hzawle rapsed, clewe
Charles de Spayne, Marthall of France, wherebpon to auoyd
the displeasure and punithment of the French King, he fled

into

43º

Edvard the third.

into his owne Countrey, sending his Uncle unto the
Duke of Lancaster with Letters, humbly beseeching him
that he Woulde come into Normandie to his ayde and de-
fence, and to receyue an oth of fidelitie and amitie of hym a-
gainst all men. The Duke therefore getting licence of the
King, assembled togither a great Paule at Southampton,
where when the Duke was readie to haue made Sayle,
Knightes that he had sente into Normandie, came backe
to view the truth of this businesse, by whome it was no-
tified to the Duke, that the layde King of Navarre hys
Coulin, was reconciled to the King, and so the Dukes
bopage was layde.

The Friers Augustines Church in London was reedified
by Humfrey Bohun Earle of Hereford and Eustex, whole
body was burped in the Duire of the same Church.

A great dissention fell in Oxford, betwene a Scholler
and a Tintner, for a quart of Waine, so that the Scholler
poured the Waine on the Tintners head, & brake his head
with the potte, by reason whereof, a great conflict was made
betwixt the Schollers of the Univerſitie, and the Lay men
of the Towne, in the which, many Lay men were woude,
and about twentie flaine. These troubles continued the
space of two dayes , and then the Religious men of the
Towne labouring to make peace, the Lay men pursued a
Scholler, and wounded him to death, yet that day the tw-
mult was appeased, but on the morrow, the people of the
Tillages about Oxford, being cōſederate with the Lay men
of the Towne, came with great force, and erected a blacke
Banner, wherupon, the Schollers fled to their Colledges,
but the Lay me breaking vp the dozes, few many of them,
and threw them into their printes : they cut and rent their
Bokes, and bare away what they liked. By this meanes
the Univerſitie was dissolved, the Schollers (sauing of
Marton Colledge) went to their friends, & so continued mo-
than a yeare. Many, both Schollers and Lay men were en-
dited by their Kings Justices, amōgt which, four burgesses
had

Frier Augu-
stines Church
in London.
Ro de Auesberie.

Diffention at
Oxford.
Hifio. Auria.

Citizens of
Oxford en-
dited.

had

Edward the third.

had bin Daioz of Oxford, were sente to the Tower of London.

William Totingham: Richard Smelt, the 28. of Septem.

Thomas Leggy Skinner, the 28. of October.

Sherifes.

Maier.

Ro. Auesbery.

About the rr. of November, H. Edward held a Parliament at Westminster, in the which was granted towards the recovery of his title in France, fiftie Shillings of euery sache of wold to be transported over the seas for the space of five peares then next following, by means whereof, the King might dayly dispense during the said fire peares, more than 1000. markes sterling, for by the common opinion, there were more than an 100000. sakes of wold yearely into fozaigne lands transported, so that during those fire peares, the sayd grant extended to fiftene húdzed thousand pounds sterling.

King Edward held a great Jesting at Wodstoke, for his honor of the Quæne, who was then purified of his sonne Thomas.

Anno reg. 29
Infling at
V Vodstock.

1355

After Cafter, in a Parliament at Westminster, the King gave the quarell of Oxford into his hands, and sauing every man's right, he forgave the Schollers all the whole trespass, so that in the Sommer following, the Uniersitie beganne agayne to flourish, and the King gaue to the Chancellour of Oxford the only view of the affise of Bread, Ale, and Wine, and all other victualles, excluding the Daioz utterly from that office. The communaltie of the Towne gaue to the Uniersitie 250. poundes for amends, sauing unto them neuerthelesse the actions which they had unto every singular person of the Towne.

Ro. de Auesburie.

Vniersitie of
Oxford reſto-
red.

In this Parliament, the procedure of the iudgement made against Roger Mortimer Earle of March, was revoked, so that the young Roger Mortimer, sonne to Edmond Mortimer, was reſtozed to the title and possessions of the Earle's dome of March, as Cousin and heire to his Grandfather.

Ex Reruns.

King Edward being about Sandwich, on his journey to wardes France, and the Prince of Wales at Sutton in Deuonshire, on his bopage towardes Aquitayne, looking for a pious winde, by the space of forty days more, all things

King Edwarde
fayled into
France.

King Edward

432

Edvard the third.

things else being readie, the French King had his armies
deuided in sundrie places about in the Hauens of Normandie,
and other partes, to empeach the landing of the King
and Prince, and so long they lay there, that the Frenchmen
with their hired Houldioures did fowly walt their owne
Countrey, and consumed so many thouands of Crownes
out of the French Kings coffers daynely, that in the ende he
being needie, payde not his people, and so he was soz taken
of them, that when King Edward walked France, the French
King had not men to encounter him, but fledde before him,
as he followed, wenning his owne Townes, and des trop-
ing viduals, that the King should kind neyther harbozough
noz meate.

After the moneth of Auguſt, the King of England, and the
Duke of Lancaster, with ſeauen thousand armed men, and
their retinue, entered France, and by the space of nine daies
journey, as they went, walking all by fire that came in their
way, and returning to Caleis, the King heard that the Scotts
entred by stealth, and had taken the Towne of Berwike, the
Baron of Graystoke being in the armie with the King, to
whome the charge of that Towne had bin committed,
wherebpon the King hafed unto Berwike, and within ſi-
tune daies recovered the Towne againe, being delivered
unto him, life and libertie to depart, being given unto them
that were found therein.

After this, he passed throug h Scotlande unto the Scottis
Sea, but because viduals fayled for his armie, the King
giving them licence, they all returned towarde Englande.
There followed on the fayle of the armie, by the space of
twelue miles, Robert Herle, Almerike de Saint Edmond,
Robert de Hildeſley, and other, whome the Scottes in the
night ſeason found asleepe and at reſt, doubting nothing of
any misaduenture, wherefore they gave a cruell affault by-
pon them, with an hideous noyſe and cry, where after long
reſistance, Robert de Hildeſley, and Iohn Branceſter KNiſt-
tes were taken prisoners, Robert Herle and Almerike haf
ing

Bervvike taken
by the Scottes,

Bervvike taken
by the English-
men.

ving

Edvard the third.

using much ado to escape, for the said knightes perceiving
the Scottes to be two strong for them, thought with them
selues, that their Lords being Barons, of whom they held
in fee, would redeem them, and so wypie with drawing, de-
linered them from the Scottes captiuitie.

The Duke of Lancaster being appoynted chiefe Admi-
rall of the English Naue, landed it at Hogges about the feast
of Saint Barthelmew, and from thence, rode towards Nor-
mandie, being accompanied with Philip, brother to the King
of Navarre, who desired aide of the sayd Duke, and reque-
sted him to come to help him. At this season, the French
King having the King of Navarre, Geoffrey Harecourt, and
duers other noble men in greate suspection, touching the
Realme and Kingdome, bidde them all to a feast, where he
toke the faide King of Navarre, and call him in prison, and
murthered the rest of the noble men, sauing Geoffrey Hare-
court, whome he caused to be beheaded with an are.

The King of Navarre being thus empsoned, his bzo-
ther Phillip sealed many Castels and holds into his hâds
which were in Normandy and there about, strongly forifying
them with men and dittualles, through the help of the
Duke of Lancaster, being manned as well with Englishmen,
as with the men of the same Countrey, to withstand the
Frenchmen.

Walter Forester: Thomas Brandon, the 28. of Septem. Sherifes.
Simon Frances Mercer, the 28. of October. Major.

The same time, when the King passed over to Caleis
and France, his eldest sonne Prince of Wales, having with
him the Earles of Warwike, Suffolk, Salisbury, and Oxford,
toke chipping in the beginning of October, at Sutton Hauen
in Devonshire, and luckily sayled, and landed at Burdeaux,
where he was honourably receyued by the Bishop and
Cleargie, being accompanied with all the common people
in the first Sonday of that moneth. The Monday follow-
ing, the Prince going out, lodged two miles from Burde-
aux, in the Castell of Vrnoun. On the nexte daye, he passed
Ee. through

Edvard the third.

throughe a freight wode, and so through the middle of the
Towne of Lorgan, sometimes walled, but nowe defaced:
and so passing on a long iourny, he lost many Hozzles, and
came at length to the strong Caffel of Dandert. On Thurse-
day he came to the Citie of Befas, hauing in it a Cathedrall
Church, and a touent of Friers Minoz. On Friday Pizo-
clamation was made in the armie, that every man should
beare the armes of Saint George, and it was said that his e-
nimies bare the same also. On Saturday he passed to the
Caffell of Nan, where stand th'æ Caffels of th'æ Lordez,
whereof one the weth a farre off. On Friday the twelfth of
that moneth, his armie passed the lands of Wordiux, whiche
are belonging to the Earle of Flux, this daye iourny be-
ing long and tedious, he lost many of his Hozzles in the
wall grounde called the Laundes. Two miles from the
Towne of Areule, he displayd his Banners, and deuied
his armies into diuers troupes. In the baward, wherein
was th'æ thousande men of armes, were the Earle of War-
wike high Conneftable, Reignold Cobham, Lord Marshall,
Lord Beawchamp, a Somersetshire man, the Lord Clifford,
and the Lord Thomas of Hampton, belonging to the Aunty-
ents, and with them seauen Barons of Gafcoigne. In the
middleward, wherein were seauen thousande men of armes,
besides Clearkes and Pages, there was the Prince him-
selfe with a double Auntyent, the Earle of Oxford, the Lord
Barthelmew Burwath, the Lord John de Lile, the Lord
Wilowby, the Lord Le Ware, the Lord Maurice Berkeley, son
to Thomas Lord Berkeley then living, very old, the Lord
John Bourfers, the Lord John Rose the elder of Burdeaux, Cap-
kayne de la Busch, the Lord Camount, the Lord Mounter-
raunt, with their Auntyents. In the rerewarde it was foure
thousand me of armes, comitted to the charge of the Earle
of Suffolk, the Earle of Salisbury, and the Lord Nemers, who
led the Bernences. In the whole armie was of me of armes,
Clearkes, Pages, Archers, Brigants, & other, aboue 60000,
men, and this day was Ienken Barefort, and diuers other

made

Edvard the third.

made Knightes, and the village of Aurule, with thre other villages (wherof Wil. Lord Raymond was Captaine) were deliuered vp onto ſ Prince, wherein he lodged his armie, and refing there two dayes, as many as would wer suffered to go out, and twke viduals, and hzenned their enimies coutrep. On Tuesday, thep lodged in ſ towne of Mount Clere, where ſ Caffel belonging thereunto was giue vp to the Prince, and after he left it againe to the Frenchmen, by the reafon of fire which brake vp in the towne, whereupon, the Prince went out into the field, and lodged in his tentes, ener after refusing to lie in any towne. This day hauing taken thre Townes, and hrenning them, he made Knightes Gilotus de Straton and diuers other. Also John de Lile stricken with a Quarell at Austage, died. On Wednesday thep lay til, on Friday he came before the Krog town of Loegeron, where he lodged in his tentes. On Saturday he came before Placence, a herp faire towne, and a Krog, the inhabitants whereof fled away into ſ Caffell, where the Earle of Moleſni, and many Knightes were taked by Captaine de la Bouch, and the Lord Mountferraunt, and de Loichis, who was ſ day made Knight. On Sunday S. Lukes day, thep laid at Emant, taking the foſt of Galian by force, they set it on fire, and rent it. On Monday caſting fire in the townes of Placence, they paſſed along, leaving the towne of Beal Marchi on the right hand, and lodged before the Towne of the Archbishop of Anſer, called Le Bafe. On this day, Richard Stafford, brother onto the Earle of Stafford, led his men with his Antient towards ſ towne, on the next day being Tuesday, ſ town was pælded unto him, and bicause it belonged to ſ Church, the Prince would not suffer any man to enter into it, ercepting certain persons appointed of purpose, for the delinering of viduals. On Wednesday thep leaning ſ faire towne of Eſcamount, on ſ left had, thep came before the noble towne of Merand, belonging to ſ Earle of Commegé, which was ful of armed ſouldiours, and the Prince lodged in the great Monastery of Bartons, in ſ which Abbey, there was not so much as one liuing creature found.

Ce. if.

Dn

436

## Edvard the thirde.

On Thursday they lay still, doing no harme to the sayde Abbey. On Friday they went out of the faire and rich Coütrep of Arminake, entred the Coütrep of Austrike, thzough the which, the passage was very hard & hilly, and lodging at Saxaunt a towne, they set it on fire, contrarie to the comandement of your Prince. Al that day, and thzæ dapes following, they passed alongst by the high hilles of Aragon. On Saturday, they came to the towne of S. More, where your rereward of the army lodged in a great Monasterie of blacke Ponkes, where they were all fled away: the middleward at Vilfrankes, and the ba ward at Tremaine: these villages being very rich, and full of vidualles, had no man in the, for all the inhabitants were fledde. Monday, the riiij. of October, they passed a certaine sozd, and entred into the lands of your Carle of Comenge, which reached unto Tolouse, but these Coütreys were waffed with fire & sword, and leauing on the left hand the towne called Sannetere in Austrike, they passed by the strong Citie of Winbers, where Pope John the 22. removing the blacke Ponkes, erected a Bishops sea, and they were lodged in a great rich towne called Sotanco, belonging to your Carledome of Comenge, where was a coust of friers Dinozs: burning this towne, on Monday they passed thzough a goodly wide countrep, very plaine, so came to the townes of S. Foy, and S. Litz. On Tuesday they rested, and on Wednesday being the feast of Simon & Iude, the armie passed thzough your River of Gerouz, being a wafer very fierce, & terrible: again the same day, thzough your River of Arage, much more dangerous, & came unto Tolouse: before that time, neuer durst any hozemæn pass over these waters, wherefore your people of this coütrep being wonderfully made aserd, could not fell what to do, for being so deinly fak, they could not flée: that night, the Prince lodged at Falgard, a little towne, one mile from Tolouse. On Tuesday, they came unto the faire & great towne called Mount Gistard, being parte of the inheritance of the Lord Almerike de la Foslad, the which towne the French King had taken from him, because he was your King of England, so did.

Edward the third.

fed man. Fait by the sayde Towne were twelve Wind-
milles, the which they set on fire all at once. There were ta-
ken two espies, that certified the Prince that the Earle of
Arminake was at Tolouſe, and the Conneſtable of France at
Mount Maban, four leagues from Tolouſe. On Friday, they
palled on towards Anunion, by the good towne of Baſige, and
the towne called Franke, and the whole armie lodged at the
great Towne called Anionet, and the middleward and rere-
ward lay in one side of the suburbs, and the baward lay on
the other side of the Towne, which the Towneſmen percei-
uing, fled every one. There was about this Towne twenty
Windmilles, which they set on fire. On Saturday the laſt
of October, they lodged in the great Towne called Clasſal-
nannar, where a Church of Chanons, a couſt of Friers Di-
nors, and another of Carmelites, with an Hospitall, and a
Village called Les mauns de Pucels, with a couſt of Friers
Augustines, were al cōſumed with fire. On Sunday, the feaſt
of All Saints, the armie reſted, out of the which army, cer-
taine going to take boties, they toke a little towne, the in-
habitant's whereof to be spared from spoyling, gaue them r.
D. Flozens of golde. On Monday, they marched along by
the Townes of S. Mathele Port, and the great Towne called
Vilkapinch, and fro thence, they entred the Countrep of Car-
kafon, and the Prince lodged at a little Village called Alſe.
On Tuesday they came to Carkafon, a faire towne, rich and
well built, bigger than London. Within the walles, betwixt
the towne of Senburge, and the Citie being double walled,
there ranne a goodly water, which palled under a faire stone
Bridge, at the fowe whereof, were ſoure couents of Religi-
ons, of ſy which, the Friers ran not alway, but the other fled
into the Citie. The whole armie was lodged in the towne,
which abounded with Hulkadell, and all other delicate bi-
uals: this day, the ſonnes of the Lord Libret, and Mayſter
Basset, with Rowland Daues, and many other, were made
Knights. On Wednesday & Thursday, the armie lying
till in the Towne, and having made a truce, they parlied

Ce.iij.

with

438

Edvard the third.

Carkason in
France burned,

with them of the Citie concerning a peace, the Citizens
offering for saving the Towne from burning 250000, of
golden Houses:the Prince answered,he came not for gold,
but to take Cities and Townes, togither with their inha-
bitantes, and the nerte day commanded the Towne to bée
bient. On Friday, the Towne being bient, the army de-
parted, leauing on the left hand the Castell of Botenake un-
touched, paalling through the champion Countrep, burning
Townes called La Rustican, and all the Countrep there-
about. On Saturday they trauayled through a great wind
and duff, leauing on the lefte hande a great pole of kreshe
water, béeing in compasse aboute thirtie leagues, and is
called Casibon. They came to a Towne called Silony, whiche
was pielded to the Prince, and therefoze neuer touched :
and the Prince was lodged that night at a good Towne
called Canet. On Sunday the evght of November, they paſ-
sed the water of Sandey, partly at the Fowd called Chastel de
Terre, and partly ouer a Bridge, and so trauapled betwirt
high hilles, vnto the great Citie of Narbon, whereof that
Countrep taking his name, is called Gallia Narbonensis.
This Citie was very strong, and well walled, having in
it a great Cathedrall Church: also, a notable Castell, be-
longing to the Bishop, and a very strong Tower for the
Earle of the same Towne. It had also a Suburbe called a
Borzough,much bigger, and better built,than the Borrough
of Carkason. In the Borrough, were foure Countents of Reli-
gious persons. Betwirt the Borrough and the Citie, there
runneth a water called Ande, comming from Carkason, and
runneth into the Greekish Sea. Betwirt the Citie and the
Borzough are two Bridges of one, and the third of tim-
ber, built with closehouses for diuers Merchandises. The
Prince was lodged in the house of Carmelite Friars. On
Tuesday the Borrough béeing set on fire, the army paalling
to the water side, wente ouer it in diuers places. From
thence, they went and lodged at the Towne and Castell of
Ambion. On Wednesday they trauelled an euill iourney,
and.

## Edvard the thirde.

and hurtfull to the Hozſſe ſoſ lacke of water. On Thurſe-
day, Theodorike Dale, Poſter of the Princes Chamber,
was made Knight: thence the Armp paſſed by a good towne
talled Vlmes : the middleward paſſed onſo the towne
of the Earle of Lile, called Arnile, where they lodged that
night. The Prince lay at the Friers Hinozs, where was
greate abundance of Mulkadell, bæing prouided ſoſ the
Countefſe of the Ile, which was all ſpoyled. This daye
also, the good Towne of Pipions was deſtroyed, with the
Caffell thereof called Redote. On Friday, the armp paſſing
by a long ſtonie way, lodged at Lamian. On Saturday, re-
turning backe towarde Gaſcoigne, they leſſe on their right
hand the great pole of Eſbone, and Carkaſon, and all the iour-
ney that they wente before, and the rereward lodged at a
good Towne called Abier, and the middleward at Puchſi-
ancies, where a Caffell bæing defended, withſtode them a
ſeason, but at length was wonne, and the Prince lap be-
yonde the Bridge, by a faire running water, on both ſydes
whereof, the Countrey was ſpoyled with fire, togither
with the good Towne of Pefaunce, where the bawarde was
lodged ſ night. On Sunday they trauelled a long journey,
bypause the Prince ſhould be lodged in the great Abbey of
our Lady de Prolion, where in ſeverall Clopſters, did line
100. Predicants, wherevnto, the Prince was deuoutely
received. In þ day, the armp ſet on fire þ towne of Lemeins,
where there was far greater Couents of Religions, than at
Carkaſon. Also, they bient the faire Towne called Falanges,
onto which towne belonged rri. Windmilles. They bient
also the townes of Vnlard, ſ Serre, with all þ whole Countrey
lying theraboutes. On Monday the middleward lodged at
the good towne called Dealpuhbon, which long time was de-
fended, but at length gotten by force, the Caffell whereof
yeelde, onſo the which Towne and Caffell, the Prince con-
manded that no harme should be done by fire. On Tuesday
earely paſſing ouer þ riner of Befeile, they entred into a cou-
trey which was hzoade. About one aclocke, they came before

Ce.iiiij.

a great

Edvard the third.

a great abbey called Bourgbon, where the Earle of Fluxens
with great ioy receyued the Prince, he being newly esca-
ped out of prison from Paris, where he had laine by the space
of two yeares;and the said Earle remained from that time
faithful to the Prince. This day they rode in the Lordships
and seigniories of the same Earle, by the Townes of Mafell
and Colmon, and on the right hand they passed by the greate
Towne of Saint Canole, and the high Castell called Hautripe:
but on this day they went nothing so farreverence of the soze-
faid Earle and his Tineyards, but passed agayne ouer the
water of Arage, leaving also Tolous as they did at the first;
but then one mile on the left hand, and now four leagues
on the right, and the middle ward was lodged in the great
Towne of Mermount, which togither with the Castell was
went. On Wednesday, they passed by the Castell of the
Earle of Flux, called Mounthane, at the kote whereof, all the
hozsemen passed ouer the great water of Geround, and there
toke the Towne and Castell of North, then leaving the Ri-
uer of Gerond on the left hand, and so passed unto the towne
of Marconaw, which they take : then they returned ouer the
River againe, and toke the strong Towne of Carbone. On
Thurseday they armie rested. On Friday word was brought
to the Prince that the French were vp, and had gathered a
great force, which they had deuided into five great battels,
being in the field not far from them, whereupon our men set
themselues in battaple aray, about one mile from the place
where they lodged, and being now readie to fight, some
one of the Souldioures by chance start a Hare, whereupon
a great shout was made, which the enimies hearing, they
sente out fortie light Hozsemen, to see what was the cause
thereof, who drawing nigh to the English armie, and percei-
uing them to be set in battaple aray, returned backe a-
gaine, and declared what they had seene : whereupon pze-
sently the whole armie of Frenchmen fled with great feare.
The same day, Barthelmew Burwaßh, Iohn Chandos, and
Lames de Audley, with十三ij. light hozsemé, were appointed
Countes.

Edward the third.

scoutes, & comming to y tayle of y Frenchmen, they toke piz-
soners rrry. Knightes & gentlemen, amongst whome, they
toke the Erle of Romeme, also they flewe many Carters and
Wagoners. The Prince lodged in y towne of Muwoſe. On
Saturday they marched to the Caffell of Oradrie, in which
Caffell the Prince lodged, and in the morning they hzent it.
On Sunday the two and twentith of Pouember, about
euening, they percepued that theyz enimies were on the o-
ther side of y gret Hil harde by the great towne of Gemount,
so that the English men being be-nighted, ſent out. Ix. lyghte
hoſſemen, and certaine bowmen vnto the righte hande of
the towne called Auremount, where finding. 400. menne of
armes of the Conekſable of Fraunce, they chafed them out of
the Towne, and flewe and toke many : the middle Warde
lodged at Auremount, and the Warde at Colimont. Carelpe
in the morning the Wagoners being commaunded to re-
mapne in the Towne of Auremount, all the reſidue being
deuided into troupes, went into the kielde, wapting ſo? the
comming of theyz enimies, all in baine : ſo? the Pynce ta-
king the Towne of Gamount, was tolde that his enimies
ſled alway at midnight. On Tuesday the armpe lodged in
the kielde, and ſo lacke of Water, their hoſſe were faire to
dzinke Wayne, whereof it came to palle, that the nerte dave
their hoſſes were ſo dzunke they coulde not goe right ſo?th,
and many of them dyed. On Saint Katherines dave, wyth
muche a doe they came to Water, and leaving the Towne
of Florence on theyz righte hande, they paſſed to the greate
towne called Silard, and the middle warde was lodged at a
Towne called Realmount, which they toke by maine ſoſce,
and therefoze hzent it. On Thursday they reſſed. On Fry-
day they trauayled a long tourney, by Walled townes and
ſtrong Caffels, the middle warde lodged at Serde. On Sa-
terday they paſſed ouer a certaine Water with great diffi-
cultie, and through woods, till they came to a good Towne
called Mefin. On Sondave the Prince reſſed, and toke ho-
mage and athes of the Towneſmen. Monday Sainte An-
drewes.

Ce.b.

drewes

Edvard the third.

drewes dave trauelling a long journey, they came to the
Towne of Tolons, where were thre Cassetels. On Twelfth
the prince trauelled to the Casset of Melan, wher he lodged.
On Wednesday the Prince came to Regla, wher his hoijles
and Wagons passted throughe the river of Gerond. In thys
towne of Regla, the Prince appointed diverse Barons and
suche like to Winter in diverse places of the Marches, to
the intente they should keepe the inland parts of Gascoigne
against the French men.

Anno reg. 30

The Prince of Wales touching these matters alozelsayd,
and so other considerations also, caused a newe copne of
golde to be made in Gascoigne, being buſied himselfe aboute
the repayring of such things as were decaped and througwen
downe. And in this season, there spang vp a foulish fantasie
in the French mens heades, that the King of Englande was
come into Normandie, the cause of which rumour rose vppe,
so that the Duke of Lancaster, after that he had foztifyed the
strong places belonging to the King of Navar, whiche were
in the Isle of Constance and other places, did direct his iour-
nep Edwardes Brytaine, whereof he was newly made chieſe
Captaine. Another cause was this, Philippe brother to
the King of Navar, came into England, and earnestly cra-
ued ayde of the King, againſt the Frenche King, who kept
his brother in prison, that he mighte by force of armes
restoare all such lands vnto him as were wongſully with-
holden from him, whereupon hee offeryng to doe homage
and fealtie, he hadde (of the Kings appoyntmente,) Miles
Stapleton, a manne of great integritie, and in martiall af-
fayzes very kilſul him (I ſay) the king appointed to be his
faithſul felow. These men with two thousande men well
appoynted trauellling throughe Normandie, toke townes
and Foztresses, burning diuerſe of them, paſſing along
tyll they came to a Cassetell nine leagues diſtantaunte from the
Citie of Paris: nepther did they aſlake theyz trauayle, until
they hadde forſced theyz enpimes to enter into a pearelye
true,

1256

Edward the third.

truce. By this means a great report and no lesse fear killed
the heartes of all French men, whiche report at length came
to the eares of the Prince lying at Regla, wherefoze he ga-
thering all the power he had with him in hys Dukedome,
to the intent to mæte hys Father, whiche he muukte doe by-
trauelling through Fraunce, he came at length to Brugetat,
where he was certified that the Earle of Armenia, Woude
after his departure hauë spoyled the Countrep, and so that
intent had prouided a greate bande of men : wherefoze hée
sente backe to the gouvernour of Gascoigne, vnto Barnarde de
Libret, and other. From thence the prince went into France,
through the coaſtes of Barny and Lymon, ſtil encouraging his
men againſt their enimies, ſending before him Iohn Chan-
dos, Iames Dawdeley, and other complices, to trye out the
kate of their enimies countrep, leaſt perhaps some crafty
ambushment might fodainely affaunte our men, aſoze they
were ware. He himselfe remouing his campe euery day, and
now being entred into Pictania, his espies broughte wozde
that the French king had gathered a greate armpe, beping
now in Aurelian, who also knewe of the Princes comming,
foz he ſente out espies to discouer our armpe, amongst who
Griffin Micco of Chambly, petic Captaine of two hundered
men, meeting with other espies, came to his coaſte: foz oure
espies toke thirtie of the, and flew the refideue, so that there
was not one of them leſte to carrpe wozde what was be-
come of they, ſellowes. Our espies prieccedt towardes
Romerentine, where meeting with the Lord Crone, and Lord
Brifgande, they sette oppon them and flew them, their chief
Captaines being forced to flee to a cawle, and hauing taken
their lodging in a town, the prince commanded that on the
morning a great affault should be giuen to the of your Caffell.
The day following our men being al armed, paffed through
the ditches, as came vnto your walls of the Caffel, some applied
to scale your wall with ladders, some burne the gates, and en-
tring, flew a gret many of the chief men, but your Lords before
named fled vnto the principal tower of your caſſel: but your
prince
determined

Edvard the third.

determined not to depart, til they that were beslieged, were
epther taken or pælded: at length the Castell being under-
myned, the men beslieged, with all humilitie pælded by the
Castell. After this the Spies declared that the Frenche King
was come downe to Turon, to prouide armies to go against
the Prince, of the which tydings the Prince being gladde,
he pighte his tentes againfte the Frenche King, but could
not palle the riuer of Leger, by reason of greate floudes, and
the Frenche King hadde broken all the bridges, to the intent
there shoulde be no passage betwirfte the Prince and the
Duke of Lancaster, whose armpes might wel euerpe nygh
perceyue eache others fiers in the Campes; but the Prince
folowing alongt the riuer of Legers Caltwarde, he ppygte
hys tentes neare unto Turon, where loking for the Frenche
Ryng foure dayes, hoping to fighte with him, for that he
was diftaunte but one league off, he onderkilde that the
Frenche King was retpyed backe to Blamia, ten leagues off:
passing ouer by a Bridge the Riuer of Legers at a place bled
betwixt two strong Townes, and so towarde Poyters. This
retpying of the Frenche king certifyd, the Prince returned
backe, intending to haue mette him in his waye, whych he
could not doe: yet crossing ouer all, as he imagined the ne-
rer way, he sette upon the taple of his enmies, and cut frô
them the Earles of Inymi and Winters, and also the Parthall
of Burgonie, these being takè, died, as was thought, throug
the great tople they had taken: night drawing on, our men
gaue themselves to rette in a wood, intending the next day
to take thep journey towarde Poyters, and by the way they
were certifyd that the Frenche King, with greate prouifion
prepared himselve to battaple, and drelw nigh to our tents :
the Prince therefoze committed the walwarde of the armye
to the Earles of Warwick and Oxford, the middle ward was
guided by the Prince, and the rerewarde was led by the
Earles of Salisbury and Suffolk. In all the whole armye of
the Prince there was not abone foure thousande menne of
armes, one thousande armed souldiers, and two thousand
Archers.

The Batzyle
of Poyters.

## Edvard the thirde.

Archers. The pompous nobilitie of the French men d'izewe
nghb, greatly difdayning the small company of the Englishe
men, for they had in number eight thouzande fighting soul-
diours, they had also seuen auntsients. At this matter a gret
many of our men murmured, bycause of late, a great part of
our army was sent to defende Gascoigne. There was among
the French men a certaine Scotte called William Douglas, a
man of great force and practise in the Warres: this manne
did the French king make Knight, and bycause he knewe he
woulde be a deadly enimie to the English men, he gladlpe
hearkned to his aduices. This William was Captain ouer
two hundred Scottes: these men onderwode wel that it was
the cuffome of the Englishe men in those dayes to fighte on-
kote, in which point they followed the Scottes, and the Scots
also prouoked the French king and other French men to fight
in like maner. The French king obeying his fowlih counsel,
gladly agréed onto his sayings, wherebpon he sente lighte
hozflemen into the Cittie, that they shoulde suffer no man
to make any chafe, but only, 500. hozflemen well appointed
to come out againske the Archers, in the beginning of the
conflict, and to runne them ouer and to treade them under
theyz hozſſe féete: but these perſoemed not that whiche was
commaunded them, as it appeared by the ſequele thereof.
The armies being set in a readinesſe on both sides for to
ſighte early on Sunday in the moorning, which was notable
fayze, beholde there came the Cardinall of Petragoren, and
charged the p[]rince, in the name of God who was crucified,
that it mighte please him to deferre the warre for a tyme,
both for eccleſiastical peace, and also for the sparing of Chri-
tian bloud, and to the ende there might be a treatie had of
peace, the whiche he p[]romised shoulde be perſoemed w[]yth
great honour on both sides. The p[]rince nepther feared no
refused peace, but modettly agréed to the request of this Fa-
ther. All this day nowe being appointed for the obtaynnyng
of peace, the army of the French men encreased by the num-
ber of a thouzande men of armes, and also of other. On the
m[]ozrow

Edvard the third.

mozrowe after, the Cardinall came againe from the Frenche
king, in his behalfe to request a truce, which should endure
for one whole peare, the whiche the Prince denyed, yet at
the important lute of that Cardinal, he graunted a truce
to continue till Christmasse next comming. Therefore the
Cardinall returning to the Frenche king, requested him of
pledges for the truce, but the Marshall Dawdenam, Geoffrey
de Charney, & Douglas the Scot, perswaded him that by com-
mon reason it could not come to pass that the English men
thould be at that time prieuaple, and especially, because they
were but fewe, and in a straunge Countrep, & wearyed out
miserably with their toyle in travel, & therefore not able to
indure so great a number of the French men of Fraunce, who
stood in defence of their own lande. The Prince of Wales be-
ing certified, that the Captaines of the French, wold have no
kind of peace, but such as they could get by force of arms, &
calling his men fogither, he made to them an exhortation first
in generall, and then to his Archers as followeth: your ma-
hode (saith he) hath bin always known to me, in great da-
gers, which theweth you are not degenerate from true sons
of English men, but to be descended from the блоке of them
which heretofore were under my fathers dukedome, & his
predecessors kings of Englande, unto whom no labour was
paineful, no place inuincible, no ground unpassable, no Hil
(wer it neuer so high) inaccessible, no lower unscaleable, no
army inpenitrable, no armed souldiour, or whole hoffes of
men was formidable. Their liely couragiousnesse tamed
the French men, the Ciprians, the Stracusians, the Galabrians, &
the Ples Timis, and brought under the skiffe necked Scottes, and
unruely Irish men, pea and the Walsh men also, which could
wel indure all labour. Occasion, time, and daungers, ma-
keth of keareful, dervie strong and koute, and doeth manye
times of dull witted men make wittie : honour also, and
loue of the Countrep, and the desire of the rich spyle of the
French men, doth stirre you vp to follow your fathers steps.

With her we

Edward the third.

Wherefore follow your auntients, and wholy be intentine
to follow the commaundement of your Captaines as well
in minde as in body, that if vicerie come with life, we may
kill continue in firme friendship togither, having alwayses
one will, and one minde : but if enuious Fortune (whych
God fozbidde) should let vs at this presente, to runne the
race of all fleshe, and that we ende both life and labour to-
gither, be you sure that your names shall not want eternall
fame and heauenly ioy, and we also with these gentlemen
our companions, will deinke of the same cuppe, that you
shal doe, vnto whom it shal be an eternal glozie and name,
to have wonne the nobilitie of France; but to ouercome (as
God fozbid) is not to be ascribed vnto the daunger of time,
but to the courage of the men. Having spoken these words,
he perceyued that there was a Hill harde by, whiche was
planted on the toppe with hedges and ditches, the inside
whereof was very playne, and a pafture fielde on the one
side thereof, with manpe roughe bushes, and on the other
side it was all planted with vines, and the residue was
playne, in the top wherof he did imagine the armpe of the
French to lye betwixt our men and the Hill. There was gret
and lowe ballyes, and a piece of marish ground. One com-
pany of the Prince finding out a narrowe paftage, entred
the valley and toke the Hill, where among the bushes they
bidde themselves, taking the aduantage of the place. The
fieide wherein our men laye, to witte, the walwarde and
middle warde, was deuied from the playne where the
Frenche armpe laye, with a long hedge and ditche, the one
ende whereof dyd reache downe to the Marithe aforeelayde :
that of the Hill nerte the Marithe, the Earle of War-
wicke kept, Captaine of the walwarde. In the upper part of
the hedge, toward the hanging of the Hill, there was a gret
gap, from the whiche a kones cast fowde our rereward, ouer
the whiche the Earle of Salisburie was Captayne. Dure
enymies perceyuyng our Princes auntiente to bée dif-
played, and ofttymes to bée remoued from place to place,
and.

Edward the third.

and by reason of the Hill to be some time quite out of sight,
they judged that the Prince fledde, yet Douglas the Scorte
and Marshal de Clarimount, layde that it was not so, but
 Marshal Dawdenam being deceived in his own opinion,
thought otherwise, crying out kill to followe and chase the
Prince now fleeing, and with him also Douglas, to the intent
to get preferment and a worthy name of his new warfare:
but Clarimount to walhe awaye the cuill opinion which
was conceived of him touching his fidelitie, was the more
behement to perswade them so warde, so to unto them the
charge of the bawarde was deputed: before these went out,
as the fashion was, certaine to chase and to iustle, againste
whom certain that wer under the Hill of our baward came
to meete Marshal Dawdenam, who slaying to see the end of
the iustling, kept himselfe from encountring. In the meane
time Clarimount thinking to come out by the gap in the
hedge, and so to come at the backe of our bawarde, and so
compasse them in, met with the Earle of Salisburie, who per-
ceeping his comming and purpose, suspected his whole in-
tent, and so they whiche governed our rereward, making
hasse to take the gap, and keepe the enimie from pausing that
way, sutfapned the first charge of the battaille. Then began
a terrible mæting betwirte the armed menne, who laide on
loade with two des and speares, nepther dyd the Archers
flacke theys duetie, but lying in safe trenches, start vp above
the dische and shot ouer the hedge, pæuaying more with
their arrowes, than they did that fought in armes: thus our
rerewarde slaying the enimies, who came stragling to the
gap, and the bawarde which lay on the hanging of the Hil,
to warde the Marish, being governed by the Earle of War-
wicke, were alwayes readye and met with the French men,
beating them downe. The Archers of the bawarde were
placed in the Marilhe, out of daunger from the horsemen,
yet so al that they did pæuatile there somewhat, so þ þo:
men were appointed to no other purpose but to onerrunne
the Archers. The Earle of Oxforde considering the discom-
modite

## Edvard the thirde.

modity that might ensue therof, departed from the Princes
ward, and leading with him the Archers, sette them on the
one side of the French men, commaunding them to showe at y
hinder partes of the hozzles, by meanes whereof the hozzles
being gauld and wounded, fel to tumbling with them that
sat on their backes, or else turned backe and ran upon them
that followed after, making great flaughter upon their own
maifters. The hozzemen being thus beaten backe, the Ar-
chers reptyzed towardes the place from whence they came,
thoting & gauling the sides of the French men which sought
right over againft them: by this time the sozce and heate of
the battaple beganne to be in prime, when as the Carles of
Warwicke and Salisburie, like fierce Lions endeuzed of pur-
pose which of them shold dung the land of Poyters moſt with
French mens blond. Hether was the wife Counſeller Tho.
mas Daford of Suffolke yole at that season, who righte woz-
thyplie in all his acres behaued himselve, being experte and
thilkfull in actiuitie. Foz he continually running from ward
to warde, and into all troupes and companies, comfozted &
flyzed them vp with good words to doe well, hauing a great
regarde that the youthfull sozte of lullie ſouldiours beping
to bolde upon their good heartes and courage, shoulde not
without regarde go out two farre, and placed the Archers at
sundry times to great aduantages, and oftentimes as lea-
fure would suffer him, he woulde encozage vp the minds of
the ſouldiours. Clarimount was flaine, William Dowglas
also being wounded fledde, hauing with him a selve Scots of
hys bande, with Archebald Dowglas hys brother: our men
retiring, put themselves in good array, and our balward and
middle warde toyned themselves togither, by and by there
marcheth sozth a newe armye of the French men, the whiche
the eldest son of the French king, Dolphin of Vienna, brought
sozth. The order and array of this army was more terrible
& fierce than the chewe of that which was last oppzeffed, yet
foz al that could be not it make our men affrayde, who were
tharp set, and very desirous of honoz, & also of reuenge, both

fl. foz

450

Edvard the third.

foz themselves, & their fellowes, whiche a little before were
slayne and wounded. And thereforeboldly they goe to it
on both sides, making showts and noyfes, crying out, Saint
George to bozrow, oz Saint Denis be for vs. Within a while
they were come to fight man to man, & every man readie to
dy, fight now to sau e they lyues, neither doth he Lion make
the Wolf afraid, oz the Tegre is moze terrible to the sim-
ple beast, than our lusty gentlemen were to their enimies,
who chaced them, & few them like as the Wolues chace e
kil Shæpe. And though that his battel with his own our men
more than the firste, yet, after they had lost a great many of
their men, they had suche a device, that they sau ed manpe,
and yet, not by running away, but by a fatre retreate, whi-
the Frenchmen are accustomed to use. But our men con-
sidering, that the victory of the field was doubtful, as long
as the French King mighte be in presence wyth his armpe,
who lay there halfe hid in a Valley, they woulde not after-
ward, when they had chaced any that fled, go out of the field,
but the worthy man Maurice Barkley, son of Thomas Bark-
ley, had no regard thereunto, who for space of two hours
fogither with his men, neuer spared, but wold be still in the
fozefront of the battaple, inuading his enimies w the firste.
This Maurice being in the midst of the Dolphens guard sowed
blowes among them, first with a speare, than with a sword,
& at length he being al alone compassed w the multitude, &
fozely wounded, he was taken prisoner. In the meane time
our me carried those which were wounded of their camp, &
laide the under bushes & hedges out of the way, of her hauing
spent their weapons toke the speares & swords from them who
they had overcome: & the Archers lacking arrowes, made
hast to draw them from poze wretches who were but halfe dead:
there was not one of them all, but eyther he was wounded oz
quite wearied with great labor, except 400, who kept the
chief standard, wer appointed to meete the French king. The
Dolphin being thus put to flight, one came to the French
& sayd, my Lord, the field is fallen to the English men, and
your eldest son hath withdralen himselfe: onto who the French

Edvard the third

King answered with an ofthe, þ he would not þ day forþake
þ field buleſſe he were taken of slain, & so by þ means carri-
ed alway by forſce: wherforſe the auntiente bearers are comā-
ded to march forwards, after whō followed two gret cōpa-
nyes of armed mē into a wide fielde, cheling themſelues to
our men, & ftruck a gret ſeare into their heartes, in so much
þ they were out of hope to conquire any moze. The whyshe
thing a mā of great wifedome standing by þ prince ſignif-
ed w a howling doyce, (ſaping alas we poze wretches are
ouercome,) but the prince hauing a great truſt and faith in
Christ, checked him, ſaping, thou liest thou daſſardly fellow,
for þou canſt not ſay þ we can be ouercome as log as a line.
Captain de la Buche, a noble man in al affayres, as ſwone as
he percepued the armes of the French King, marching forſth
of their tentes, aſking licence of the Prince departed alway
with Ir. ſouldiours, and a hundred Archers, whom many of
our men thought to haue fled alway: wherfore our ſouldioſs
(excepting the chieſe Captaines) being quite out of hope of
victorie, committed the ſelues whoſp to the mercie of God.
Then the Prince comanded his Auntient bearer fir Walter
Woodland, to march forſeward towarde his enimies, and wi
a few freſh men he iopned battaple with þ gret army of the
French king: by & by they ſounde their trumpets, one giuing
anſwere to anotber, they made ſuche a nopſe þ the Wals of
Poyters ſouſed w the Eccho therof like a wood, in ſuch forſ þ
a man would haue thought þ the hils had bellowed out to þ
valleys, & that þ clouds had giue forſth a moſt terrible thun-
der, to þ which ther wated no cruel lightnings, whyleſt the
ayre ſhone on þ bright armour & ſpears dafhing againſt thi-
ning harneis. The came on the cruel company of crosſdowne,
making a darkneſſe in þ ſkies with þ multitude of quarels
which they hot, againſt whō came a worth company of Eng-
lish bowmen: out ſlies also Darts of Althe which met w the
enimy a far off: but þ Freſh army being ful of diuers troups,
& many armed mē deſſding their bezells, with their shields,
procéd for: warde againſt their enimies: wherefor ſo ure

Ff. y.

Archers

452

## Edvard the third.

Archers having emptied their quivers in vain, being armed only with swords and Targets, are fayn to encounter with them that were laden with armour. Then bestirreth him selfe the worthye Prince of Wales, cutting and hewing the French men with a tharp word. In the mean time Captain de la Buch marcheth a compasse about, under the hangyng of the Hill, which he with the Prince a little before sooke, and primarily compalling about the field, at the length commeth close under the place where the Frenche Campe laye, from thence he ascended to the toppe of the Hill that laye, whiche the French men had beaten with the tranayle, and so sodainely breaking forth unloked for, and the wing by the ensigne of Saint George that he was our friend, the Prince with great courage giueth a frethe charge on the French armye, being desirous to brieke their ranke, before the captaine aforesayde, thoulde set on the side as the battayle. The Prince lullilye encountering with his enimes goeth into the middle of the thong, and where he seeth most compaunce there he layeth aboute hym on euerpe side.

In the meane time on the other side, his friends which serued with Captaine de la Buche, were at the backes of the enimes, beating down and killing without pittie, and the Archers also placed for the purpose hot so thick, wounding the backes and sides of the French men, in suche force, that the forme of the battayle was quite spopled, nepther could they put themselves in order or array any moe. This was the courage of the Prince, who at the length thusteth through the thongs of them, that guarded the Frenche Army, then thoulde you see an auntient beginne to nod andumble, the bearers of them to fall downe, the bloud of slanes and Princes ran mingled togither into the waters whiche were nigh. In like force the Bore of Cornual rageth, who seeth to hane none other way to the French Kings standard, this by bloud only: but when they came there, they met with a company of llout men to withstand them, the English men fight, the Frenche men also lap on, but at length Fortune making

halk

Edvard the third.

hast to turne hir whole, the Prince prieaceth sozelwarde on
his enimies, and like a fierce Lion beating down the proud,
he came to pælding vp of the French Kyng. The French men
being scattered abroade in the fieldes of Poyters perceyping
that the standard with the flowerdeluce was beaten down,
fledde with all spède towards the Towne, which was not
farre off : the Englishe menne perceyping them to be fleeing,
though themselves were epther soze wounded or wearied,
followed them in chafe euen to the gates of Poyters wher in
a great kirmithe and verie daungerous, they clewe a great
number of French men. At the last our me being called back
by retreate with þ found of trumpet, & assembling togither,
there were diverse pauiltons and tents set vp in the fieldes,
and the whole company being throughly comforted wyth
this victorie, gave theys whole endeauour to prouide soz
them that were wounded, soz the quiet rest of them that wer
wearied, soz safe keeping of them that wer taken prisoners,
and soz the refreshing of them that were almost famished,
untill they had ful understanding who and how many were
wanting : Among them which were found halfe dead, was
founde the Lord Iames Dawdeley, by reason of his broade
buckler, and being caried in the armes of his souldiours,
was brought to the Princes lodging, and the Prince hym-
selfe rose from his supper, and came to him, and caused him
to be tripped and layd in a soft bedde, and being somewhat
better come to his remembraunce, the Prince comforted
him, wearing onto him that he had the Frenche King pæl-
ded onto him, whiche newes when the languishing Noble
man hearde, he freighted wayes reuined. The Prince retur-
ning to the French king, willed him not to denp that to bée
an unworthy dæde of his that rose from his supper to com-
fort him that was almost deade, who spared not hys owne
bloude to purchase victorie. After that they hauing had some
talke concerning the warres whiche Iames Dawdeley
made, the Frenche king sayde that amongst all otherROUTE
Champions, which valiauntly that day behaued themselves

F. if.

ues

Edvard the third.

ues, he did gretly wonder at the noble deeds of that knight,
and he spake not muche more in all his supper, but what he
spake to the Prince, who comforted his noble praye. Such
like words, it is sayde that the French king spake: Although
it be our chaunce to fall into an eueralsting sozrowe, yet for
all that we thoughte it god to reffrayne from the same by a
kinde of measure, for though we be under subjection by law
and righte of war under our noble coust, yet are we not as
rascals, or faint harted runne alwayes, or taken lying hidde
close in a corner, but after the maner of the fielde by the end
and successe of warre, where we were as readie to dye as
lieue for justice sake. And in the same fielde were many rich
men taken, whose liues were reserved for raunsome, the
fainte harted and lewde chased away, but the worthyeft and
kouteft were spopled of theyz liues. This battayle of Poy-
ters was fought on the nineteenth day of September.

The nexte day after the battayle, al the prisoners were
numbred, to wit the French king, also Phillip his sonne, the
Archbishop of Senon, the Erle of Ponte, the Erle of Longuile,
the Earle of Ewe, the Erle of Tankeruile, the Earle Daunter,
the Earle of Vendadour, the Earle of Spaucer, the Earle of
Wademount, the Earle of Vandome, the Erle of Inyuy, the Erle
Don Martin, the Earle of Selabruſe, the Earle of Saffo, Vi-
count Nerbon, the Lord Daubeny, Marshal Dawdenam, the
Lord Guicharde de Angle, Seneshal de Seintong, the Lord
Mores Mawnimet, the Lord Leonard de Guilhoy, the Sene-
shal of Poyters, the Lord great Maifter, the chiefe mailler of
the Hospitall of Spaigne, the Lord of Saint Tigre, the Lord
Damboyd Seneshal of Annar, the Lord Tower, the Lord
Dars, the Lord Durual, the Lord of the Towne of Ernell,
the Lord Maugeler, the Lord Planke, the Vicount de Beo-
limount, and the Lord of Suly: there were also the bodyes
founde of many that were slayne, as the Duke of Burbon, the
Duke Dalines, the Conestable of Fraunce, Marshal de Gari-
mount, the Lord Geoffrey de Charney, the Lord Pounce, of
Bishop of Chaloner, the Lord of Laundas, of Lord Ripemout,

the.

Edvard the third

the Lord Chaneny, the Lord Iocle, the Lord Nele, the Lord
Aunger, the Lord de Mount Iohn, the Lord Dargenton, the
Loze Groose, the Loze Ruas, the Lord Rochechicheward,
the Lord de Vilem. The Prince bought all the prisoners &
Captives of them that kept them, and carried them wyth
him to Burdenux, there to remain in safe custodie, during his
abode there.

Richard Notingham: Thomas Dossel, the 28. of Septem.
Henrie Picarde Vintener, the 28. of October.

    Sherifes.
    Maior.
    S.
    V.
    1
    2
    5
    7

Edward Prince of Wales returning into Englande wyth
Iohn the French King, Phillip his Son and many other pay-
soners, arriued at Plymouth, on the fifth of May, and the.
24. of May entred London with them, where he was receyued
with greate honour of the Citizens, and so conuayed to the
kings pallaice at Westminster, where the King sitting in his
effate in Westminster Hall, receyued them, and after conuey-
ed the French King to a lodging, where he lay a season: and
after the sayde French King was lodged in the Sauoy, (which
then was a pleafant place belonging to the Duke of Lanca-
ster.) In the Wintner following were gret and rovat iuffes
helden in Smithfielde at London, where many knightly fightes
of armes wer done, to the gret honour of the king & realm,
at the which were preſent the Kings of England, Fraunce, and
Scandinque, with many noble eſtates of all thofe Kingdomes,
wherof the moze part of the strangers were prisoners.

Henrie Picarde Vintener, Maior of London, in one day
wdp sumptuously feaffe Edwarde King of Englande, Iohn
King of Fraunce, the King of Cipres (then arriued in England)
Dauid king of Scottes, Edward Prince of Wales, wyth many
noble men and other, and after the sayde Henrie Picarde
kepte his Hall againſt all commers who ſoemer, that were
willing to play at Dice and Hazard. In like maner the La-
dp Margaret his wife did also kepe his Chamber, to the
ſame intente. The King of Cipres playing wyth Henrie
Picarde in hys Hall, dpd wynne of hym 50. markes, but
Henrie being verpe milſull in that arte, altering hys
Fk.iiij.
hand

Año reg. 21

Edward the third.

457

John Barnes: John Buris, the 28.of September.

John Louekinstoke Fishmonger, the 28.of October.

John of Gaunt the Kings Sonne (by dispensation) toke his wife Blaunch, daughter of Henry D. of Lancaster his kinswoman.

The French King under couleur of peace, offered to King Edward Flanders, Picardie, Aquitayne, and other lands, which the Englishmen had ranged through and spoyled, for the perfourmance wherof, messengers were sent into France, but the Frenchmen would not perfourme the offer, wherfore King Edward being angrie, with a Paule of Shippes passed the Sea to Caleis, wherefore deuiding his armie into threee partes, committed one companie unto Henry Duke of Lancaster, another to Prince Edward, and the third he reserved to himselfe, and so passed into Burgundie.

In the meane season, the Normans with a small Paule arrived at Winchelsey, and partly went the Towne, and flew such as did withstand them: wherefore the Pzelates of England assembled from all partes in armour to withstand them, but when they had prepared themselves to battaple, the French were gone.

Simon of Benington: John of Chichester, the 28. of Sept.

Simon Dolfeby Grocer, the 28.of October.

King Edward with his power rode through France, by Picardie, Artois, Roan, Champaine, and so to Briteine, destroying the Countrey before him. And here is to be noted, that the fourteenth day of April, and the morrow after Easter day, King Edward with his hofft lap before the Citie of Paris, which day was full darke of mist and hayle, and so bitter cold, wherefore unto this day it hath bin called the blacke Monday. The King of Navarre vered soze the marches of Normandie. Thus was the Realme of France unilaterally bet set on all sides. At the last, a small peace was concluded on this condition, that King Edward should haue to his possession, the Countreps of Gascoine, Gwyen, Poytiers, Limosin, Bale-

F.R.H.

Sherifes. ?

Maior. ?

Anno reg. 33

King Edvvarde inuaded Bur- gundie.

1359

Frenchmen arrived at Vinschelsea.

Sherifes. ?

Maior. ?

Anno reg. 34.

1360

Peace with France.

458

## Edvard the thirde.

uile, Exantes, Caleis, Gwifnes, and diuers other Lordships, Castels, Townes, and all the Landes to them belonging, without knowledge of any Soueraigntie or subiection so the same. This peace being confirmed by writing and by oth, King Edward came into England, and so freight to the Tower to see the French King, where he appoynted his raunsome to be threé millions of Flozences, and so deliuered him of all imprisonment, and brought him with great hono to the Sea, who then sapled ouer into France.

The Wall.

French King
recalled.

Sherifes. ~
Maior. §

John Denis: Walter Berney, the 28. of September.

John Wroth Fishmonger, the 28. of October.

King Edward the 24. of Januarie beganne a Parliament at Westminster, where the forme of the agreement was redde, and allowed of all eftates, where the King on the last of Januarie caused his Nobles to swoare to holde and høpe the sayde agrément, especially those as well Pzelats as other that were not at Caleis, where he sware, and other that were there with him.

Anno reg. 35
1361

A great dearth of pestilence hapned in England, which was called the second pestilence, in which died Henry D. of Lancaster in March at London, and was buried at Leycester, in the colegiate Church which he had founded, with a Deane, twelve Chanons, Prebendaries, as many Wickers, and other ministers accordingly.

The seconde
mortalitie.

There dyed also Reginald Lord Cobham, and Walter Fitz Waren, valiant and famous Knightes, and five Blithops, to wæte, Reginald of Worcester, Michael of London, Thomas of Eelie, John of Lincoln, and Robert of Cicester. To Worcester was preferred John of Barnet: to London, Simon Sudburie: to Ely, Simon Langham: to Lincoln, John Bokingham: to Cicester, William Linlinere.

Eab.Lichfield.

Leonell Carle of Hulster by his wife, and sonne to King Edward, went into Ireland to recounter the Irishmen that were red the English.

Edward Prince of Wales fowe to wife by dispensation the Countesse of Kent, daughter vnto Edmond Carle of Kent, byother

Edvard the third

brother to King Edward the second: he had bin before wife
unto Thomas Holland, and before that, the was wife to the
Earle of Salisburie, and diuotced from him.

A route of the great company of the Englishmen were comanded to depart out of France, and they discomfited in Ankerne the Frenchmen, and took diuers prisoners of the nobles of France that had bin afore take of the Englishmen, and there was clayn Iaques de Burbon, and the Countie of Salbrig. Also a route of Britons, part of the great company afore said, were discomfited in Limosin alias Garet, by Wil. Felton knight, of England, at that time Steward of the Countrey of England.

William Holbech: Iames Tame, the 28 of September.
John Peche Fischmonger, the 28 of October.

The King helde his Christmas at Windfore, and the 2d.
day following, afoze and dehemet Southweast wind brake
fozth, so hideous, that it ouerthrew high Houses, Towers,
Steeplees, and Trees, and so bowed them, that the residue
which fell not, but remapned standing, were the weaker.

The first true dapes of May, at London in Smithfield, were
Judges holden, the King and Queen being present, and the
most part of the Chivalrie of England and France, and of o-
ther Pations, to the which came Spanyards, Cipriots, and Ar-
mentians, knightly requesiting the King of Englands ayde a-
gainst the Pagans that had innuaded their confines. The
Staple of wols, notwithstanding the other received of the King
of England, and other great men of the land, is sent to Caleis.

In the feast of the Apollies, Peter and Paule, King Edward at Westminster by his Charter, gaue to the Abbot of Westminster, and Couent, two Stagges of his Henison, yearly to be taken in the Fozeft of Windfore.

Edward Prince of Wales, about the feast of Saint Margaret, at Westminster in presence of the great men of the Realme, recevued of his father the principalitie of Aquitayne, kealtie and homage first made to him, but yet he left not the principalitie of Wales, the Duchie of Cornewall, the Counties of Chester and Kent.

Sherifes. ?
Maior. S

Sore remeft
of vvinde.

Anno reg. 36
Iusting in
Smithfield.

1362
First Staple of
VV 001 at Caleis

Edvard the
Kings eldest
fonne Prince of
Aquitayne.

Simon

## Edvard the third.

Simon Islip Archbishop of Canterbury did ordain, that more should not be given to Priests for their yearly living, than that pound, fire willings, eygh t pence, which caused many of them to die.

John of Saint Albons: James Andrew, the 28. of Sept.

Stephen Candish Draper, the 28. of October.

The firtenth day of October, began a Parliamente at London, which continued till the feast of Saint Brice, the thirteenth of Pouember, on which day the King was born, having now accomplished the 50. yeare of his age, whereupon, he pardoned such as were giltie of Treason to his person, releaffed prifoners, revoked outlaws, and at the petition of the commons, he commanded pleas to be used in English, and not in French, as they had continued since the Conquest. He made Leonell his Sonne, Earle of Hulster, then being in Ireland, Duke of Clarence: and his Son John, Earle of Richmond, he made Duke of Lancaster: and Edmond his Sonne, he made Earle of Cambridge.

In the faide Parliamente was granted to the King for three yeares following, fire and twentie willings, eygh t pence, of euery Sacke of wold to be transpozted beyond the Seas.

Joane Duaine of Scottes, and wife to David Brule, and sister to King Edward the third, dyed, and was buried in the grey Friers Church at London by his mother.

A Priest in London was murkhered, and being cutte in four quarters, was cast contemptuouſlie in foure partes of the Citie, þ doers wherof were not knowne what they were.

Sir John Cobham Knighte, founded the Colledge of Cobham in Kent.

The French King, the King of Cipres, and the King of Scottes, came all into England to speake with King Edward, who received them with great honoſ, and gave them great gifts: the Kings of Cipres and of Scotland returned home whoſtly, but the French King fell ſcke at London, whereof he whoſtly after died.

Priestes became the cues, for lacke of living.

Sherifes.
Maior.

The, Walsing.

Subſedie of
vwoolles.

Sta. Cro.

Cobham Col-
ledge.

Anno reg. 37

1363

Three Kings
came into
England.
The French
King dieth.

Edvard the third.

A Froll in England lalled from the midl of September,
to the moneth of Aprill.

Richard Croydon: John Hiltoft, the 28. of September.

John Not Peperer, the 28. of October.

This yeare, the Cattell of Quinborough was builded by
King Edward.

The ninth day of Aprill, died Iohn King of France, at the Sauoy beside Westminster, thzough grieſe of minde, that the Duke of Angiow one of his pledges had deceyped him, and came not into England, accoing as he had p[r]omised and twozne. His corps was honourably conueyed to Douer, and to Saint Denis in France, where he was buried.

John de Mitford: Simon de Mordon, the 28. of Septem.

Adam of Bury, Skinner, the 28 of October.

Ingram, Lord of Cowſie, married Ladp Isabell the Kings daughter, at Windsore.

John Bukulfworth: Thomas Ireland, the 28. of Septemb.

John Loukin, Fis[]hmonger. Adam of Bury Skinner.

The 28. of January, Iohn Louekin Fis[]hmonger, was elected Maior, and Adam Bury remoued by the Kings com[]mandement.

The King commanded that Peter pence should no more be gathered no[?] payde to Rome. Saint Peters pence is the Kings almes, and all that had twentie peny w[or]th of good, of one manner cattell in their house of their owne p[ro]per, should giuſ that penie at Lammas.

The third day of Aprill was bozne at Burdeaux Richard, ſonne to Edward the blacke Prince, who was after King of England, by the name of Richard the Second.

John Ward: Thomas at Lee, the 28. of September.

John Louekin Fis[]hmonger, the 28. of October.

This Iohn Louekin Stockſi[]hmonger, four times Pa[]to[?] of London, twice by election, and twice by the Kings ap[]pointment, to[?] that he was bozne in the Towne of Kingſton upon Thamis, he builded there a Chappel called Magdalenes, to the which he iopned an Hos[]pitall, wherein was a Pay[]

Great Froſ.

Adam Merino.

S[]herifes.

Maior.

C[ro col. regn. oxe.]

Anno reg. 38

1364

S[]herifes.

Maior.

Anno reg. 39

1365

S[]herifes.

Maior.

Anno reg. 40

Peter pence
forbidde.

1366

S[]herifes.

Maior.

John Leyland.

Hospitall at
Kingſton upon
Thamis.

462

Edvard the thirde.

Saint Michaels
Church in
Crooked Lane
built.

ter, two Prieles, and certayne pove men : and so that the
parish Church of Saint Michaell by Crooked Lane of London,
in whiche Parish he then dwelled, was a very small and
homely thing (standing in part of that ground, where now
of late the Personage house is builded) and the ground ther-
about a filthie plot, by reason of the Butchers in Eastcheape,
who made the same their Leest haw, he on the same grounde
builded the faire new parish Church of Saint Michaell, now
standing, and was there buried in the middle of the Quire,
under a faire Tombe of Stone, with the images of him and
his wife grauen in Allablaker upon the same Tombe. He
also (as writeth Iohn Leyland) founded a Colledge to the
same Church nere therevnto adiopning. The layde parfish
Churche of Saint Michaell, hath bin since encreased Caff-
warde, with a new Quier, and side Chappels, by Sir Wil-
liam Walworth Fishmonger, and Maioz of London (as shall
be shewed in the fourth yeare of King Richard the second.)
Also, the Tombe of Iohn Louckin was remoued, and a flat
stone of grey Marble, garnished with plates of Latin, and
an Epitaph, was layde upon him, as it yet remapneth.

Edward Prince of Wales, taking compassion upon Peter
King of Spayne, who was drinen out of his kingdome by
Henry his Baftard brother, entred Spayne with a great pu-
issance, and in a battell at Nazers, the third of Aprill, put to
flight the foze layde Baftard, ouercame his power, and flew
fire thoufande of his men, where there was taken thie-
fcoze persons of name, and two thoufande of the common
Souldioures, whiche done, he reffozed the layde Peter to
his former dignitie, and returned home with greate tru-
umph and victorie, but not long after, Henry the Baftarde,
whiles King Peter fate at a Table, fodeinly thauft him tho-
rough with a Speare, and timaded the Lande by Treason,
which by open warre he could not do.

John Tornegold: William Dikeman, the 28. of Septem
James Andrew Draper, the 28. of October.

The Frenchmen toke diuers Townes and Caffels in

Poytow,

Tho. Wall.

Anno reg. 41

The Baftard
brother disheri-
teth the lavvful.

1367

The Baftard
brother murthe.
reth the lavv-
full.

Sherifes.

Maier.

## Edward the thirde.

Poytow, that belonged to the King of England, and to the ende they mighte the more effectually deceyue the King of England, the French King sent him word, that he was readie to pay the residue of his fathers raunsome, and to perfourme the conditions of peace. Also, he sente him Wines out of Boheme, and other presents, in token of loue, but it foxtuned whiles the Embassadoors were in the Kings presence, the lamentable newes were brought of the fozeible inuasion of the Frenchmen in Poytow, whiche when the King hearde, he commaunded the Embassadoors to gette them home with their de receiptfull presents, to their de receiptfull Lord, whose mockes he woulde not long leaue vnreuenged. The Embassadoures returning home, were mette by the menne of Caleis, who toke their Wines, and other godes from them.

Robert Girdler: Adam Wimondham, the 28. of Sept.

Simon Mordin Stockfislmonger, the 28. of October.

The thirde mortalitie of Pestilence was this yeare, whereof dyed Blaunch, Duches of Lancaster, and was buried in Paules Church at London.

This yeare was a great dearth of Corne, so that a Bu-
thell of Wheate at London was solde for two shillings fire
pence, of Barlie twentie pence, of Dtes twelue pence.

The rv. of Anguist died Quéne Philip, wife to Edwards
the third, and was buried at Westminister.

Quenesborough, Kingston upon Hull, and Saint Botolphes, alias
Bostowne, made Staples by Parliament.

The Kings sonne John Duke of Lancaster, and Hume-
frey Bohan Earle of Hereford, with a greate Armie wente
into France, where they little prieuayled, by cause an huge
Armie of Frenchmen had pitched their Tentes upon the
toppe of Chalke hill, nere vnto Caleis, so strongly, that
they coulde not be sette on without e greate lolle and
dammage, but thortlye after, Thomas Beawchampe,
Earle of Warmike, arriued at Caleis wyth a number of
Chosen Souldiers, at whose comming, the Frenchmenne

leauing

463

Anno reg. 42.

1368

Sutteltie of
Frenchmen.

Sherifes. ?

Maior. 5

Anno reg. 43.

Third Pefti-
lence.

Dearth of
Corne.

1369

464

## Edvard the thirde.

leauing their tentes and vidualles, fledde alway, neuerthelesse, he passted forth, spoyling and walking the Isle of Caw with fire and sword, but as he returned towarde Caleis, he fell sicke, whereof he dyed, and the other Captaynes returned without honoz.

John Piel: Hugh Holditch, the 28.of September.

John Chichester Goldsmith, the 28.of October.

King Edward bezowed of the Pzelates and other, many great Summes of money, saying, he would below the same in defence of the Church and Realme, but about Hidsomer he sente a greate armie into France, whereof Sir Roberte Knowles was generall, a man, who befoze time had so fastly handled the beyond Sea warres, so long as they were ruled by his counsell, but toward Winter, the yong Lords sayde they ought not to be subiect to him who was not so noble of birth as they, and so dividing themselves into divers companies, Sir Robert Knowles departed into Braine to his owne Castels which he had conquered. The Lords being so divided, the Frenchmen set vpon them, toke prisoners whome they liffed, and flew the residue.

A great part of Gafcoigne fell from the Prince, because of the strange eractions he layde upon them: also sicknesse encreasing vpon him, he returned into England with his wife and his sonne Richard, and resigning into his fathers hands the gouvernement of Gafcoigne.

The Monasterie of Abingdon, kine miles from Oxford, was spopled by them of Oxford, togither with the Artificers of Abingdon.

William Walworth: Robert Gayton, the 28. of Septem. John Barnes Mercer, the 28.of October.

This John Barnes gave a Chest with thre lockes, and a thousand Markes, to be lent to yong men vpon sufficiente gage, so that it passted not one hundred Markes: and for the occupying thereof, if he were learned, to say at his pleasure Deprofundis, for the soule of John Barnes: if he were not learned, to say Pater noster: but how so ever the money is lent, at

Sherifes.

Maior.

Anno reg. 44

The King bovved great fummes.

1370

Mathew Parker.

Sherifes.

Maior.

A Chest with three lockes, and neuer a penie.

Anno reg. 45

1371

## Edward the third.

at this day the Chest andeth in the Chamber of London
without money or pledges.

In a Parliament at London, the King demaunded of the
Cleargie and Communaltie, a subsedie of 50000. pounds,
for the leuping whereof, Chauntrie Priekes, and small be-
neficed were tared. Also, the Bishops were remoued from
the offices of Chanceler, Treasurer, and Priuie Seale, and
Lay men put in their stæde.

Robert Hatfield: Adam Staple, the 28. of September.

John Barnes Mercer, the 28. of October.

John, Duke of Lancaster, and Edmond Earle of Cambridge, returning out of Gascoigne, brought with them two daughters of Peter late King of Spayne, whome afterwards they took to be their wives: the Duke married the elder, and from that time wrote himselfe King of Castile.

The Englishmen fought a battaille on the Sea with the Flemings, and took five and twenty ships laden with salt.

The Frenchmen besieged Rochell, to the remouing whereof, was sent the Earle of Penbroke, with a number of men of arms, upon whom fell the Spanish Paule in the Hauen of Rochell, who flew and took the Englishmen, and burnt their Paule. The Earle and many noble men were carried into Spayne, together with the Kings money. King Edwarde with a great Paule entred the Seas towards Rochell, to have rescued the same, but the winde being contrary, with heauie chére he returned agayne, having spente in this preparation (as it was fayde) nine hundred thousande pound.

John Philpot: Nicholas Brember, the 28. of September.

John Piel Mercer, the 28. of October.

John Duke of Lancaster entred France with a strong power, and passed through the Realme without battaple, but in the Deserts and Mountaynes of Aluerne, so lacke of bi-
tualles, many of his armie dyed: from thence, he went to Burdeaux, and brought scantly fourtie hozzles backe with him: it was commonly talked that he lost thirtie thousande

Eg.

Hozzles

Great subsedie.
Adam Meri.

Sherifes. ?

Maior. 5

Anno reg. 46

1372

Battayle on the Sea.

Sherifes. ?

Maior. 5

Anno reg. 47

1373

Edvard the third.

466

The. Walfing.

Hozles in that unluckie doyage. It was a great miserie
to see the pwee state of the men of warre, suche as were
Knightes of great wealth in their Countrey, hauting loft
men and Hozles, were glad to begge from doze to doze,
and found no relieke, soz the Countrey was destroyed, and
not manured, by reason whereof, such dearth was in that
Countrey, that vidualles could scant be gotten soz any mo-
ney. The Duke yet wintered. The tenth of Aprill follo-
wing, a day of battayle was appoynted betwirte him and
the Duke of Aniow at Tholouse. In the meane time, truce
was taken till the twentith of May nert following, but the
King of England knew nothing of it. When the day came,
a great power of armed men soz the French appeared, the
which the Duke of Aniow had assembled, but yet that day
passed without battayle, to the great name and repzoch of
the English, soz the Frenchmen sayd, they were ready in fielde
the day appoynted to take soz their comming, that came
not at all, wherefoze they spake many repzochfull words
against the Englishmen, calling them false cowards, and hart-
lesse. And such was the end of that iourny.

John Northwold Mercer of London, was slayne at the
Blacke heath, soz whose slake, began great debate among
the Craftes of London, at the White Friers in Fleet Streete,
soz him, and Sir William of Windsor.

Lib. Maior &
vic. Lon.

The Cleargie granted to the King tenthes, and the
Laptie a fiftcenth.

John Awbrey : John Fished, the 28.of September.
Adam of Bury Skinner, the 28.of October.

Sherifes.

Maier.

John Duke of Lancaster came againe out of Gascoigne, al-
ter whose departure, almost all Gascoigne fell from their al-
legeaunce, which they had couenaunted with the King of
England, taking Burdeaux and Bayon.

Anno reg. 48

1374

John Duke of Lancaster, William Earle of Salifourie,
Reignold Lozd Cobham, with Simon Sudbery and other,
assembled at Brudges to treate a peace betwene the Realmes
of England and France, where mette with them the Duke of

Aniow.

Edvard the third

Anion, and many other Nobles of France. This treatie continued almost two years, and ended without conclusion of peace, but on a truce.

Richard Lions: William Woodhouse, the 28. of Septem.

John Walworth Fishmonger, the 28. of October.

The sixteenth of April died John Hastings, Earle of Penbroke, coming into England, after he had raunfome himselse for a great malle of money, which he neuer payde. The Isle of Constantine was deliuered to the French King, to the great detriment of Englande, for whiche cause afterward Sir John Anfley appreached Thomas Catrington of Treason. A great heate was in England, so that many both men and women died thereof.

John Hadle: William Newport, the 28. of September.

John Ward Grocer, the 28. of October.

A Parliament, commonly called the good Parliament, was holden at Westminster, in the which, when a Subsidie was demaunded, answere was made by Peter de la Mare, Prolocutoz of the Parliamente, that the King needed not the subfiance of his poze Subiects, if he were well and faithfully gouerned, which he offered to proue effectually, and promised that if it were found that the King had neede, his Subiects should be readie molte gladlye to help him acconzing to their power.

The Knightes required to haue the Lord Latimer with other, remoued from about the King, whome they sayd did gius him euill counsell, whiche being done, certaine Pzezates, Carles, and other, were ordeyned to gouerne the King, who then was an olde man, but this endured not long. The commons also requesled to haue remoued out of the Kings house, a certayne proude woman called Alice Perce, who by ouermuch familiaritie that she had with the King, was cause of muche mischiefe in the Realme, the exceeding the manner of Women, late by the Kings Juftices, and sometimes by the Doctors in the Consillories, perswading and disswading in defence of matters,

Eg. if.; and

Sherifes.

Maior.

Anno reg. 49

1375

A note from Anfes.

Sherifes.

Maior.

Anno reg. 50

Good Parlia
ment.

1376

Edvard the third.

and requesting things contrarie to law and honestie, to the great dishonor of the King.

Also Richard Lions and Adam of Bury, Citizens of London, were accused by the commiss, of diuers fraudes and de ceipts, which they had done to the King : Richard Lions for money did wisely compoud and escaped, the other conuayde himselve into Flanders, but Sir Peter de la Mere, who tolde the troth, was at the instance of Alice Pierce condemned to perpetuall prison at Nottingham.

The eighth day of June, Prince Edward departed out of this life, who was in his time the cloure of Chivalrie: he was buried at Canterbury, and then King Edwarde created Richard sonne of Prince Edward, Earle of Chester, Duke of Cornewall, and Prince of Wales, and bycause the King wared feeble and sicklie, he betokke the rule of the lande to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster.

The Earle of Warwickes men made a great spyle of the Abbey of Eustham, and the tenementes thereto belonging, beating and fleying many of the Abbots men, but by the King an agreement was made betwirt them, but no full satisfaction.

John Northampton : Robert Laund, the 28. of Septem. Adam Staple Mercer, the 28. of October.

In a Parliament at London, there was granted such a tare as neuer was heard of before, to wit, of every Lay person both man & woman, aboue the age of fourteene yeares, four pence, and of euery Religious person, both man and woman, that had any Ecclesiastical promotion, twelve pence, and of them that had no promotion, four pence, except the four orders of begging Friers: and also the Statutes of the good Parliament were disanulled, and the abjured persons restor'd.

The Londoners at S.Iohns June of Jpres, being stirred by with furie, sought to kill the D. of Lancaster, for a certaine proud word which he spake against their Bishop, & they had bent his Manour of Sauoy, if the W. had not staid their rage: this

Adam Bury
Littre Maior.
Richard Lions
late Sherife,a
Goldsmith.

Blacke Prince
deceased.
Adam M.rimo.

Euisham
spoyled.

Sher ifes.
Maior.

A great taxes,

The Londos
ners meant to
have slayne the
Duke of Lan-
gaster.

Richard the second.

471

When this King first beganne to raigne, the Lawes neglected were,
Wherefore good fortune him forsooke, and th'earth did quake for feare.
The people also whome he pollde, against him did rebell,
The time doth yet bewayle the woes, that Chronicles do tell.
The foolish counsell of the lewde, and yong he did receyue,
And graue aduise of aged heads, he did reiect and leaue.
And then for greedie thirst of Coyne, some fubiectes he accused,
To gayne their goodes into his hands, thus he the Realme abused.

You clamorous,
John Gower.

The King at his Coronation made foure Earles, Thomas of Woodstock, King Edwardes yongest sonne, Earle of Buckingham & Northampton. To him he gaue 1000 Markes yearly out of his Treasurie, till he had prouided him lands to that value. Thomas Moubray Earle of Nottingham, Gifford Angolisme, a Gascoigne, Earle of Huntington, to whome he likewife gaue 1000. Markes the yearly out of his Treasurie, till he had prouided him Landes to that value: and Henry Percy Earle of Northumberland.

Earles created.

On S. Peters day, the Frenchmen with 50. Ships arrived at Rye, and spoyled the Towne and bient it. The same time the Scottes bient the Towne of Rokeborow. In the kalendes of September, the Frenchmen toke the Ile of Wight, sauing the Caffell, which Sir Hugh Tirell kept manfully. When the Frenchmen had spoyled the Countrep, they toke 1000. Markes of the inhabitants, to spare their houfes unbzent.

The Tovvne
of Rye spoyled,
The Ile of
V Vight taker.

After taking of the said Ile, the Frenchmen entring their Galleys againe, coafted the Sea trond, till they came ouer against the Towne of WinchelSEA, and understanding that the Abbot of Battaill was come thither to defend it, they sent to him, that he should redeme the Towne: the Abbot answered, that he needed not redeme the thing which he had not lost, the Frenchmen then requesled there might be sent forth to fight ma to man, or a moze number, to trie the matter in view of armes, but the Abbot answered, he was a Religious man, and therefoze not lawfull for him to admitte anye suche petition, and that he came not thither to fighte, but to defend the Towne & Countrep. These things being

The Frenchmen
Iye before
V VinckelSEA.

Eg.iiiij. heard,

47²

Richard the second.

heard, the Frenchmen supposing that the Abbot and his people wanted courage, they assayed the Towne with such instruments of warre as caulk forth a farre off, whereof they had plentie, not ceasting from none till evening: but by the proudest of them, and such as were with him, the French prieuayled nothing. In the meane time, whilest they were busie thus at WinchelSEA, they sent part of their company into HASTINGS, where finding the towne almost emptied, they began it. The Frenchmen perceiving they could do no good at WinchelSEA, departed from thence, and left it as they found it.

Andrew Piekeman: Nicholas Twiford, the 28. of Sept.
Sir Nicholas Brembar Grocer, the 28. of October.

The same peare, the Frenchmen comming vp at y towne of Rotingdon in Suffolk, nere to the Towne of Lewes, where the Prior of Lewes, with a small companie met them, and by a multitude of Frenchmen that came vpon him, he was taken, and ledde to their Shippes, with two Knightes, to wéete, Sir John Falleſſley, and Sir Thomas Cheynie, and a Squire, called Iohn Brokes. There died in this battlepalmoſt an hundred Englishmen: the Frenchmen therefore with all their Paule returned home, being 37. Calleys, eight Caruales of Spayne, and certaine Barkes: freight twaypes therefore as they came to land, some of them went onto the swége, that was about Arde, and by treason, which allwayes is familiar to them, the keeper of that Caffell being an Almayne, to wéete, the Lord of Gunney, delivering to them the Towne, they freight got the Caffell also, for the which the fame keeper being taken by Sir Hugh Caluerley, keeper of Caleis, was sent into England, and committed to prison.

A Parliament was holden at London, which ended about Saint Andzewes tide, in the whiche Parliamene, Alice Peres was banithed the lande, and all her mowable godes being forfeited to the Kings dfe.

There was graunted to the King of the Cleargie two tenthes to be payde that peare, with condition, that from thenceforth the King should not exiozt from his subiectes by such

The Towne of Hastings
brent by Frenchmen.

Sherifes.
Maior.

The Prior of
Levves taken
by Frenchmen.

Alice Peres
banished.

Two tenthes
granted by the
Cleargie.

Richard the Second.

473

such petitions as demaundes but line of his owne, and continue his warre, so as it was aunsweread there, his owne goods pertayning to the crowne, sufficed both to the finding of his house, and mayntayning of his warres, of the same were beſto wed by ſitte minſters, and so the keeping of the money, two Citizens of London were appointed, William Walworth, and John Philpot. The English men hearing of a number of Spanishe chippes to remayne at ſluce so wante of winde, assembling a great company of armed men, and a great nauie, meant to take the seas, their chieſe Captapnes were Thomas of Woodſtocke, Erle of Buckingham, the duke of Brytaine, the Lord Latimer, the Lord Robert Fitz Walter, Sir Robert Knowles, and many other baliaunt perſonages, who being entred the Sea, taſted Fortune diſſauourable, so by a tempeſtuous winde that roſe, theyz chippes were ſcattered in ſunder, theyz maſſes are broken downe, theyz ſaples rent, and many of the ſmall beſſels that were vicuallers were diowned, at length, the chippes got togither againe, and arrıuèd in Englande, and being nowe rigged are eſtſomes freight with men, and to the Sea they go. About ſame time, Sir Hugh Caluerley, making a iournep towards Bulloign, found a Barge in ſhauen of ſ town, ſhare ſ name of the towne, and another that was the French Kings ſ a rrbj. other beſſels moſe and leſſe, all the which with a great part of the Suburbeſ of Bulloigne, he cauſed to be diſpoyled, taking with him whatſoener was there to be deſired, with certainne priſoners: he drone aſoze him alſo a gret bootie of chéepe and beaſſes, which he founde paffuring nær e the towne, which might well ſerue to vicuall Caleis so a great time: he recouered the same day the caſtel Marke, of which throughe negligence before had bin loſſ.

The English flæſte whereof we spake, returned without any great good ſuccesse, theyp toke an eyght Spanish chippes in the Brytish coaſſes neare to Brest, and moſe had take if there businſeſe had bin so well done, as was p[re]tended; and there soſe the flæſte returned home, so toſſed with ſtozmes and Eg. h. contrarie.

1378

Richard the second.

contrarie weather, and after with intessine disconde, that it
semed there wanted among them gods favour. The Lozde
Percy (this flæte remaining for the mending of his shippes,
whilest the other were abzode) went now to the sea, woth a
great chip and some smaller vessels, and meeting with fiftie
ships laden with French wares and marchandize, of which he
some were of Flaunderes, some of Spame, he set on them al, who
beholding his bolde enterpize, and thinking that he hadde
some apde at hande gaue ouer to make refiokaunce, and so
rrbitij. escaping by flight. rrtij. yéelde themselues to the sapd
Thomas Lozde Percy. Sir Hugh Caluerley with a power se-
cretly armed, wente to the towne of Staple, where the kayze
was then, to the which were come manye Merchauuntmen
from Bulloigne, Mutterel, Amience, and Paris, where he falling
on them that were bnarined, flewe manp, toke manp to be
put to their ransomes, sacked al the goods, and set fire in the
town, so that it was wholy consumed, few places excepted.
This done, he returnede to Caleis with his men in safetie,
bringing from that faire wares which turned to the greate
profit of the Califiers many peares after.

The men of Winchelse and Rie, gathered a great number
of people togither, and imbarqued themselves towards
Normandie, desirous to requite some losses which before they had
received, and so in the night arriving in a Town called Pe-
ters Hauen, entred the same, slaving so many as they met, &
those whom they thinke able to pay rausome, they carry to
their shippes : they spopled the houses with the Churches,
where they founde many rich spoyles which sometime had
bin by the French men set from Rie, and especially the belles
and such like, which they whipped, set the rest on fire, and the
they land at Wilet, not far from thence, wher they practiced
like cheuance, & so with their riche spoyle returned home.

About the same time John duke of Lancaster requesled
& mony granted to the R. by & clearie & laitie, might be com-
mitted to his cultodie, affirming & he would kepe & enimies
of from the coakles of England, by the space of one yeare with
that

Richarde the Second.

If only, as much as bring to pass some further great commodities, to whose important pettiot the Lords, although against them wills agreed. They appoint therfore if first the day of Marche to meete in counsel, in which every of those hold go forth on this journey: if least if sea should in any mean time want that if hold kæpe if, there were ir. chips hired of the of Baion, to defend if sea, and from incursions of the French of others. These chips being furnished with sufficiët numbers of armed men, win a short time coasting if seas, met the naive and marchandice of the Spaniards, and entering battaple with them, in short time take, viz.: of their chips laden with wines and other marchandize, to returne to England iopfully: onto Sir Robert Knowles, captain of Brest, they give the firste fruites of the sea, pray, an hundred of their beste wines as they passed by him homewardes. In the meane time Henric of baccard, calling himself King of Spain, hearing if they of Baion, had done such harme unto his people, as that the D. of Luccaster had prepared a great number to enter if sea, he was sofe afraid, thinking if he minded not only to defest the sea, but rather to sowe his kingdome, which by right of his wife if lawful inheritour of Spaine, he ment to challenge: wherfore if said Henric comanded a nauie to be prepared of all his land if he might lay the said D. from entring his country, as he might, to take him prisoner, which happily they had done, if if king of Portugal was almost an innumerable number had not entred if kingdome of Spain, if self same time if the baccard Henric prepared him selfe against if D. but the D. deferring his journey from day to day, they if were appointed captains over the nauie, if certain men of war, got the if sea, there to lay for the Dukes coming, effecting it more glorious to lie on the sea by prayes taking from the enemies, than to lie by spoile of their owne countrymen at home. When they had certain dayes wasted by us, done the seas, the Spaniardes met with them with an armed company of men, so that either part in hope of prayes iopned togther in fighte, but our menne hauing the winde and weather contrary to them, lost the victory to their

Richard the Second,

they? enimies, some escaping by flight, and some being taken, amongst the which Sir Hugh Courtney a noble Knight was one.

About the same time John Mercer a Scot, gathering together no small number of French men, Scots, and Spaniards, set upon certaine chips of Scaborow, toke them and led them into Scotlande, this he did in reuence of his Fathers inuirie, who was befoze taken by the English men, and kept prisoner in the Castel of Scarborow.

John Philpot a Citize of London, a man of jolly wit, and very rich in substance, considering the want of a Duke of Lancaster and other Lords that ought to have defended his realm, and lamenting the oppressions of the inhabitants, hyzed wyth his owne money, to the number of a thousand foulours, the whiche mighte take from the sayde John Mercer both his chippes and goods, whiche he had by reuence take, and defended the Realme of England from suche incursions: and it came to palle within a small time, that his hyzed me take the sayde John Mercer with all his chips, which he had violently taken from Scarborow, and fifteenne Spanish chippes that were laden with muche riches, and were with him in ayde at that present. There was great joy made among the people, all men prapsing that wozthy mans bountifulneſse and loue towards the king. The Earles and Barons seeing so laudable an acte, atchteued by John Philpot, toke it grieuously, although they knewe themselves guiltie, and take they secretly lye in awayle, to do him some displeasure, and after they spake againſt him openly, saying it was not lawfull for him to doe such things without the counſell of the King and Realme, certaine of the Lozdes but the chieſe being Hugh Earle of Stafford that rehearsed these things thus againſt him, were aunſweared by the same John Philpot, Sir, know (sayth he) that I neyther ſent e my money noz men to the daunger of the Seas, that I would take from you, or your fellowes, the good renoume of Chilualrie, and winne it to me, but being so rowfull to see the peoples my

serie,

Anno reg. 2.

Richard the second.

ferie, in my Countrep, whych nowe through your clouthful-
nesse, of the most noble Lady of Nations, is brought to lye
open to the spoyling of euerye vilest nation, when there is
not one of you that doth put hys hande to the defence there-
of. I haue therefore set forth my selfe and mine, for the sa-
ing of my nation and Countrep: the Earle had not to aun-
swere.

The rj.of Anguist, certaine wicked persons of the Kings
house being armed, at high Masse tyne entred the Churche
of Westminster Abbay, and there set uppon two baliaunt Es-
quiers, John Schakel and Robert Hawley, whych had esca-
ped out of the Tower of London, to the sayde Abbay, for re-
fuge of Sanctuarie : they flewe the sayde Robert Hawley in
the quire before the Pzours Ital, and flewe a Monke which
intreated them to spare the sayde Robert in that place. Syr
Ralph Ferreis, and Sir Alan Buxule, Captain of the Tower
(some say the Lord Latimer) wer the captaines of this mil-
chiefe.

The aforesayd two Esquires, Robert Hawley and John
Shakell, in the battayle of *Nazers in Spaine*, toke the Earle of
*Dene* prisoner, who deliuered onto him his fò for a pledge:
and bycause they would not present the sayde Earles son to
the King, who woulde giue them little or nothing for hym,
the fozesayde Allen Buxule with other were sent to do thys
myschiefe, who flewe the one, and called the other in pri-
son.

John Boſeham: Thomas Cornewalis, the 28. of Septem.
Sir Iohn Philpot Grocer, the 28. of October.

This Iohn Philpot Maioz of London, gaue to the same
Citie certaine tenementes, for the which the Chamberlain
payeth yearly to riy. poze people, euerye of them seauen
pence the wéeke for euer, and as any of those thirtene per-
sons dyeth, the Maioz appointeth one, and the Recorder
another.

The Scottes beganne to Rebell, and a Squire of theirs,
talled Alexander Ramsey, with foztye persons, in a nighte
toke

Murder in the
Church of
Westminster.
Theo Walſing.

Sherifes.
Majors.
John Philpot
his charitie.

1379
Theo, Walſing.

Richard the second.

toke the Caffell of Berwicke, but the ninth day following, the
Erle of Northumberland recouered it, and flew the Scots that
were therein.

The Marchauntes of London wickedly flew a rich man
chaunt of Genua, for that he would carry to a better market
the spices that he had promised to bring into this Country,
the doers wherof were after appzehended, and some for that
fact executed, as after that appeare.

So great a moztality of men hapned in the North part
of England, as neuer had bin seene befoze, which the Scotts fea-
ing raunged through and slewe with the word, them that
were siche of the plague, and so pursued them that had not
the plague, that they droue out of the Countrey almost all
the able men.

In a Parliament at London, it was decreed, that every
Duke should pay ten markes to the King, the Archbishops
the like, Carles, Bishops and mitered Abbots should give
fire markes, and every Monke, n. pence, no religious per-
son, man or woman, Parson, Uicar, or Chapleine escaped
this tare. John Mountfort Duke of Brytaine, returned to his
countrey, where he was receyued with great honour.

A bushel of Wheate was solde for fire pence: a gallon of
white Wine fire pence, and a gallon of red Wine for four
pence.

John Heylifdom: William Barret, the 28. of September.
John Hadley Grocer, the 28. of October.

John of Arundale, brother to the Earle of Arundale, was
sent to helpe the Duke of Brytaine, with manye other noble
knightes and Esquires, who beginning their voyage wyth
spoyling their own Countrey, rauching wines, widowes,
and Airgins, and robbing of Churches, were by tempeske
driuen on the rockes of a certaine Islande in Ireland, where
they were al most miserablye drowned, with their treasure
and prouissions which was of inestimable value. Sir T.Bu-
nifter, sir Roger Trumpington, sir Nicholas Kiriel, sir Tho-
mas Dale, sir John Sentcler and fire other knightes perished
there

Perpetence in
the North,
Thus Alf.

Taxe.

Anno reg. 3.
V Wheat and
V Vine cheap.

Sherifes.
Major.
Tho. W. Alstme.
S. John Arundale
drovynd.

Cresc. Maioria Lon.

Richard the Second.

479

there the sixteenth of December.

In a Parliament at London was graunted to the Kyng a tenth of the Ecclesiastical persons, and a fifteenth of the secular, upon condition that no other Parliament should be holden from the Calendes of March til Michaelmas.

A combat was foughte at Westminster in the kings presence, betwene John Anley knight, and Thomas Catrington Esquire, whom the forsayde knight had appealed of treason, for selling the Casset of Saint Saujours, whiche the Lord Chandos had builded in the Ile of Constantine in France, and the knight ouercame the Esquire.

Thomas of Woodstocke Earle of Buckingham, Thomas Percy, Hugh Caluerley, Robert Knowles, Lozde Basset, Sir John Harleston, William of Windsor, appointed and tried Knightes, were sent with a great power to apde the Duke of Brytaine, who were conuayed to Caleis, and from thence rode aboute throughe Fraunce, spopling the Countrey, and slaying the people to the borders of Brytaine, and entred the same without loste, eyther of man or beak.

In this journey Sir John Philpot, Citizen of London deferued great commendations, who hyzed ships for them of his owne charges, and with his own money released the armour which the souldiours had gaged for their victuals, more than a thousand in number.

The Scottes entred Comberlande, Westmerlande, and y forreft of Engelwood, slewe the inhabitauntes, droue alway the Cattle, and robbed the Market and Towne of Penreth, and whiles the Earle of Northumberland prepared to haue bene revenged, the king sent letters to the contrarie. John Vian knight with the French kings galves take the town of Wincelfa, put the Abbot of Battaile to flight and take one of his Montes.

He also bient the Townes of Apledor and Rie about the keale of Saint Laurence.

The eight of September koure Galeys of Fraunce came to Grauesende, and burnt a great part of the Towne.

Walter

1380

A combat at V Velleminter.

John Philpot
his goodieruice

Anno reg. 4.

French men
tooke V Vin-
chelley.

450

Richard the second.

Walter Ducket: William Knighthood, the 28. of Sept.
William Walworth Fishmonger, the 28. of October.

About this time the making of Gunnes was founde, by
a certaine Almaine, who having the poudcr of Brintkone in
a Pozter which he had beaten for a medicine, and couered
with a stone, as he stroke fier, a sparke chaunced to fall into
þ poudcr, wherby a flame out of the pozter railed the stone
a great height, whiche after he had perceyued, made a Pyepe
of pron, and tempered the poudcr with other, and so fini-
shed that deadly engine, as repozteth Blondus, and R. Vo-
laterianus, the first that vsed shot, to their behalfe and poff,
were the Venetians againste the inhabitauntes of Genoa.
During the Parliament at Northampton, beginning the first
of Pouember, was hæged Iohn Kirby that flue the merchat
of Genoa, whom he spake of before.

In this Parliamente an erceving greate Tare was de-
maunded, which afterwardes was cause of greate diffu-
baunce: Of all religious persons men and women free chyl-
lings eight pence, secular priefts as muche, and euery per-
son, man or woman, foure pence to the King, whiche was
payde.

It was also oxdapned, that euery couple wedded, should
pave two chillings, for euery fote of Beale, and also home-
gilde, but this was neuer asked.

By means of which payment, in þ Sommer following,
the commons of Kent and Essex, sodainely rebelled, they be-
ing animated therebunto by John Ball a seditious Prieffe,
who in hys sermons vsed to take for his Theame, When
Adam dalfe and Eue (panne, who was then a Gentleman,
&c. Affirming that al men were made a like by nature, and
therefore ought to lape away the poke of bondage, that they
might eniope the wighed libertie, &c. two chamefull, sedic-
ous, and damnable to bæ taughte, whyche neuerthe-
lesse so pleased the common people, that they cryed hæ
should be Archbithoppe of Canterbury, and Chauncellour of
England.

This

Shevifes. 2

Maior. 3

Guns inuen ted.
Polidor.

Sch. f. i. Manufeyt.

1281
Great Taxe.

Commons rebelled.
John Bal his
Sermon.
Tho. Walising.

Richarde the second.

481

This rebellion began at Dertford in Kent, in manner as followeth. The Collectours appointed to gather the soze layd groats 02 pole mony, comming into the house of John a Tiler, demanded 3 same for him, his wife, his daughter, & other hys family: but the Tilers wife denied to pay for his daughter, saying the was under age. The layd of Collectours, that thal I sone wit, and toke the mayde violently, and dishonorably searched whether the were of age or no, wherwith the mother made an outcrp, his husband being in his towne at wozke. When tidvings came to him, he caughte his lathing kaffe in his hande, and ranne raking home, where he reasoning with the Collectour who made him so bolde, the Collectour being a proude fellow, let spe at the Tiler, but the Tiler vopding the stroke, smote the Collectour on the heade wyth his lathing kaffe, that the braynes fell out, where throughe great nopes arose in the kreatres, and the poze people being glad, enuerpe man arrayed hym to suppozt this John Tyler. Thus the commons dzeve together and went to Maidstone, from thence backe againe to Blacke Heath, and so forth to London, and entred the Citie on Corpus Christi day, where they deſtroped many godly places of the nobles and other, as the Sauoy, Saint Iohns by Smithfielde, the Manour of Highburie by Yfeldon, and the Temple where the Pzentifes of law were lodged for the encreafe of theyr clode. They fet out of the Tower of London (where the King was then lodged) Simon Sudburie, Archbishoppe of Canterbury, Lozde Chauncellour of Englande, Robert Halles Prior of Saint Iohns, and Treasurer of England, William Apleton a Frier Minoz the Kings confessour, and John Legge a Sergeaunt of the Kings, and beheaded them on the Tower hill: they beheaded diverse other in manye places, as Sir John Cauendithe Lozde chieſe Juitice of Englande, the Prior of Sainte Edmundsburie, and other. Rychard Lions a famous Lapidarie of London, was dzeawen out of his house and beheaded in Chepe. They beheaded all men of Law, as wel pzentifes, and other Bareſters, as Juitices, and al Juchers.

Rebellion begat at Dertford.
Cro. S. Almons.

Rebels entred London.
Sauoy S. Iohns.
Highburi brent.

The Archb. of Canterbury.
The prior of S. Iohns a Frier & John Legge beheaded.

482

Richard the Second.

rers that they might get into their hands, they spared none
whom they thought to be learned, were it neuer so little, e
specially if they founde anye to haue penne and ynke, they
pulled of hys whode, and all with one bopte of crying out,
as they had bin so many Diuels, hale him into the Krées
and cut of his head.

They also beheaded all Flemmings, not sparing anye
for reuerence of the church or other place, where they found
them: they set thirtene forth of the Frier Austines Church,
and seauentene out of another Church in London: they toke
two and thirtie in the Vintrie, and many other here: there
in the Citie and Southwarke, all whiche if they could not
plainly pronounce Bread and Chéese, but Brot and Caus,
lost their heads. They spopled all bokes of law, recorces,
and monuments they coulde mæte withall, and set al pav
soners at libertie.

The king to pacifie their furie, offered them peace, on
condition they woulde cease from burning of houses and
slaughter of men, whiche the Essex men toke, and returned
home, but the Kentishe men remapned burning and slaying
as afore. Whereupon the King sent four John Newton
Knights, to Wat Tiler their Captaine, to intreate him to
come and talke with him about his owne demaundes: the
Knight doing his message, Wat Tiler answered that he
woulde come at hys owne pleasure, neuerthelesse he follo
wed softly, and when he came neare Smithfielde, where the
king aboade his comming, the same Knighte was senta
gaine to mæte hym, and to knowe his requestes, but Wat
Tiler sawing the knight come nere unto him on hozzeback,
sapde it hadde become hym better so bée on kowe in his pe
fence: the Knighte answered that it was no harme, and
himselfe was also on hozzebacke, therewith Watte Tyler
delwe his dagger, and offering to strike, called the Knight
trapfour. The knighte aunsweread that he lved, and delw
his dagger. The King sawing the Knighte in daunger,
comaunded hym to alighte one kowe and to deliuer his dag

Flemmings beheaded.

Essex men pacified.

The King sent to Vat Tiler.

The Routnesse of Vat Tiler.

get

Richard the second.

ger vnto Watte Tiler, and when his proude minde woulde
not be pacifyed, but woulde nèdes runne on the Knighte,
there came to the King the Maioz of London William Wal-
worth, and manpe other Knightes and Esquires, al-
firming it to be a shamefull repzoche if they shoulde per-
mitte the Knyschte to be murdered : Where vppon the
Kyng taking boldenesse upon hym, commaunded the Ma-
ioz to arretke the Rebell, whiche Maioz being a man of in-
comparable boldenesse, streyght arretted hym on the head,
in suche softe that he altonyed hym : and sothwyth they
whyche attended on the Kyng inuironed the Rebell, and
thoufke him in, in diverse places of his bodye, with theys
weapons, and then dzeve hym from among the peoples
fète, into the Hospitall of Saint Bartholomew, which when
the commons percevued, they cryed out that they? Cap-
taine was trayteroulye slayne, but the King rode to them,
and sayde, what meane you to doe, I am your King, I wil
be your Captaine, followe me into the fielde, there to haue
whatsoener ye will require. Theyp therefoze followed hym
into the fieldes wypthout the suburbs towards Yfeldon, and
in the meane time the Maioz rod into the Citie, rayled the
Citizens, and thortly returned with a thousande wel armed
men, Sir Robert Knowles being they? leader. The King &
other in hys companye reiopxing of this unloeked for ayde,
sodainelye compaffed the multitude of the commons wypth
fighting men, which commons sothwyth throuwing downe
bowes, billes, and all other their weapons, fel themselues
to the grounde, humbly crauing pardon, which was graun-
ted, and Charters deliuered to the Captains of euery shire,
who then departed home. The rude multitude being thus
dispersed, the King made William Walworth Maioz, Ni-
cholas Brember, Iohn Philpot and Robert Lande Aldermen
of London, Knights in Smithfield, and upon the said Hil were
created the Erles Marshal and Penbroke. And a little after
Nicholas Twiforde, and Adam Francis Aldermen of London
were made Knightes.

Hh. y.

lacke

Vat Tiler as
re lued & llaine.

The Citizens of
London, deliuered
the King.

Richard the Second.

Iacke Straw being taken, when at London he should be
judgement of the Maior lose his heade, confessed as follow
eth.

The same time (sayth he) that we came to Black Heath,
when we sent for the King, we purposed to have murdered
all the Knights, Esquiers and gentlemen that should have
come with him, and to have ledde the king roially bised,
bp and downe, that with the light of him, al men especially
the common people mighte have come unto us the more
boldelye, and when we had got togither an innumerable
multitude, we would have sodainly put to death in every
Countrey, the Lords and maisters of the common people,
in whom mighte appeare to be epyther counsell or resistance
againste us: and specially we would have destroyed the
Knightes of Saint Johns, lastlye we would have killed the
King himselfe, and all men that hadde bin of any posseffion,
Bishoppes, Honkes, Chanons, Parsons, to be brieſe, we
would have dispatched: onlye beggting Fryers shoulde
have liued, that might have sufficed for miniftring the Sa-
cramentes in the whole Realme, for we would have made
Kings, Wat Tiler in Kent, and in enuerpe other three one.
But bycause this oure purpose was hyndered by the
Archbishops, we audited howe to bring him shortly to his
ende.

Againſte the same daye that Wat Tyler was killed, we
purposed that enening (bycause that the poore people of
London ſeemed to ſavour us) to lette fire in ſoure corners of
the Citie, to haue bient it, and to haue deuided the riches
at our pleatures amongſt us. He added that these things
they purposed to have done, as God should helpe him at the
end of his life.

After this confession made, he was beheaved, and
his heade lette on London Bridge by Wat Tilers and many
other.

The principal leaders of the commons were Wat Tiler,
the

The coſſessor of
lacke Stravne.

Conſpiracie of
the Rebels.

Principal Cap-
daines.

Richard the second.

the second Iack Straw, the third John Kirkby, the fourth Ale
Threder, the fifth Thomas Scot, the sixth Ralph Rugge: these
and many others were leaders of the Kentishe and Essex me.
At Mildenhall and Bury in Suffolk, was Roberte Weftbrom
that made himselfe king and was moste famous after John
Wraw, who being a priest wold not set crown upon crown,
but left the name of king and crowne to the sayde Roberte.
At Norwiche John Leicester a Dier exercised the name and
power of a king, til he was taken and hanged for his pains.
Here I thinke god to note some Epistles of John Ball and
others, wyth some short notes of their Diuellish demeanoz,
under the colour of zeale and conscience, and so to ende thys
matter.

Jacke Strary
beheaded.

John Bal Saint Marie Priest, greeteth wel all maner of men,
and biddeth them in the name of the Trinitie, Father, Son,
and holy Ghost, stande manlike togither in truth, and helpe
truth, and truth hal helpe you: now raigneth pride in price,
couetise is holde wife, leacherie without shame, gluttonye
without blame: enuie raigneth with treason, and flouth is ta-
ken in greate season. God doe bote, for now is time amen.

Epistle of L. Bal
ye may read an
other in 1 ho. of
V Vailingham
n evy in Prat.

Acke Milner asketh helpe to turne his Mil aright, hee hathe grounden finall, final, the kings fonne of heauen hefhal pay for all: loke thy Mill go right with foure sayles, and the poſte ſtande in ſtedfaſtneſſe, with right and might, with skill and with wil, let might helpe right, and skil before wil, and right before mighte, then goeth our Mill arighte: and if might goe before righte, and will before skill, then is oure Mill miſdight.

Epistle o
Milner.

Acke Trewman doeth you to vnderſtande that falſenefſe
and guile hath raigned too long, and trueth hath bin ſette
vnder a locke, and falſenefſe raigneth in euery flocke, no man
maye come trueth too, but hee ſings Si dedero: ſpeake, ſpende,
and ſpeede, quoth Iohn of Bathon, 'and therefore ſinne fareth
as wilde floude, true loue is awaye that is ſo good, 'and
Clearkes for wealth wurcheth them woe: God do bote, for
now is time.

I leave out Iack
Carter, and this
is Iack Trevy-
mans Epistle.

Thy.ih.

When

Richard the second.

When these rebels burned the Saucy, one of them foke
a godly filuer pæce and hid it in his bosome, but anether
had spye him and tolde his fellowes, which hurled hym to
the pæce of plate into the fire, spaying: we be zealous of truth
and Justice, and not theues and robbers.

Two and thirtie of them entring the seller of the Saucy,
drunke so muche of swecte Twines that they were not able
to come out, but were chutte in with wood and stones that
mured vppe the dwie, they called and cryed Seauen daves,
and were heard of many, but none came to helpe them and
so they dyed there.

After a number of them hadde sacked the new Temple,
what with labour, and what with wine, they lap down bur-
der the wals and howling, and were slaine like Swine, and
one of them killed another for olde grudge and hatred,
and others also made quicke dispatch of them.

Watte Tiler being killed, Iacke Strawe and other they
principal Captaines hanged, the hope and confidence of the
commons decayed, but because the mindes of the King and
Pobles was yet wauering, fæing the people readie to mis-
chiefe, they graunted to them Charters of manumission
and suffered them to departe, the whiche being done, the
King caused an armp to be assembled from London, and sente
into al Countries that those who were his friendes should
make halle to come to hym to London, furnished with houſe
and armour, and it came to palle that wythin thée daves
he had a .xl. thousande houſemen about him in lymely forſt
armed, he muſtered them on Blacke Heath, himſelfe ryding
on a greate courser, with his fandarde bozne before hym,
when therefoze so myghtye an armpe was assembled, the
Kyrng was aduertised that the Kentifthe men had eſtlownes
conſpried, whereupon hee koffhwyth ſette foſelwarde, but
by the mediation of the Pobles and greate men of Kentef
that underſowe for them, he was layde and pacified wyth
them, and then firſte Juitices were sente to ſæke and in

quite

One of the re-
bels by his fe-
loves, cast into
the fire.

xxxvij. of the re-
bels mured vp.

The ende of the
Rebels.

Richarde the second.

quire of malefactours, and that Countrep became quiet at
the fight of them. Then the Maior of London sitting in
judgement, caused the malefactours to be tried, as well of
the Citie as also of Kente, Essex, Southsex, Norffolke, and Suf-
folke and other Countries, that might be taken within the
liberties of the Citie, and all those whome he founde guil-
tie of the foze sapde Treason, he caused to hoppe headleffe,
among the which were lacke Strawe, Iohn Kirkefty, Alen
Threder. &c. also Iohn Starling of Essex, that glorie
to haue beheaded the Archbithoppe, was beheaded hym-
selfe.

The king remeaynd nowe at London, nowe at Waltham,
with a greate armpe of armed menne, considering what
was to be done for the commoditie of the realme. At
length the Counsell thoughte god to sende the Kings
commission into euery chire, for the refitting of the di-
quieters of the peace of the kyngdome. These commissi-
ons did muche comfozte the kapthfull subiectes, and trou-
bled the kalle, for they were nowe compelled to seeke cos-
ners, that before toke upon them to doe all things abroade.
lawyers nowe durst come forth of their dennes, and those
which before fledde from the tyrannie of the time, looked for
those that nowe feared iudgement and iustice to be done
on them.

The commons being thus feared, but not in all pla-
tes alike, they of Essex gathering a newe multitude tog-
ther at Byllarica, a village neare to Hatfield Peuerell, de-
creed eyther to inioye Iybertye gotten by force, or to
dye in spylting for the same, they sente to the Kyng
then béeing at Waltham messengers to knowe if bée
thoughte god to permitte them to inioye their permitted
Iybertie, Iyke to theyr Loirdes, and that they thoulde
not be cōpelled to come to Courts but only to gret Lètes
twice in the yeare, onto the which the King answered thus.
Oh miserable and hateful both to Land and Sea, not woz-
the

Anno reg. 5.

Anno reg. 5.

Richard the second.

thy to line: Do yæ require to be equall to your Lords yæ
were worthy to be put to moste shame full death: But liff
yæ are come as Messengers, yæ shall not dye nowe, to the
ende yæ may declare your answereas to your fellowes: de-
clare to them therfore on the Byngs behalfe, that as they
were Husbandsmen and bondmen, so shall they remaine in
bondage, not as before, but more vile, without comparison
far, onto thys. Whilest we lyue, and by Gods sufferaunce
thal gouverne the Kingdome with Wit, Strength, & gods,
we wil endeouour our felues, to kæpe you under, so that the
duety of your seruice, may be an example for posteritie, and
that your matches both present, and that shall succede, may
euer haue before their eies, and as it were in a Glasse, your
misery, and to you matter to curse, and keare to commit the
like. When the Messengers were gone, there was fente
straightwyves into Essex, Thomas of Woodstocke Earle of
Buckingham, and Sir Thomas Percy brother to the Earle of
Northumberland, to reppezelle the boldnesse of the sayde com-
mons. These Commons hadde rozified themselves wyph
ditches and carriages: neuer thelesse, although there was a
great number of them, with small businesse, they were scat-
tred into the woods, where the Lords enclosed them, leaft
any of them might escape: if it came to palle, that b. C. of
them were slain, & vity. C. of their horses taken, the other
& escaped this slaughter, being gotte together, hallowed to Col-
chester, & began to stir the towne men to a new tumult, and
when they rozified not there, they went to Sudbury, but the
Lord Fitz Walter & Sir John Harlestone followed them, and
slewe as many of them as they lift, & shut vp the rest in pri-
sons. The king came to his Panour of Hauering at Boure, &
after to Chelmefford, where he appointed Sir R. Trifilian his
Justice to set & enquire of the malefactours, wherofore & Essex
men being the evils & hung ouer their heads, there came
aboue 500. humbly to the King barefotted & bareheaded, be-
seeching him of pardon and mercie. To whom pardon was
grauanted, with condition, to deluyer the kyrers of the
sayde.

Richard the Second.

It came therefore to pass, that many were committed to warde, upon whome, the Justice charged VIIII, men of their conscience to say the truth, and many being condemned, were put to execution, by drawing and hanging, nine or tenne being hanged on one beam. The Justices that before had sitte in Essex, Kent, London, and other places, for all the multitude that were to be executed, vsed to head the commons, till now it seemed not a kinde of death answerable to so many and manikell crimes. These things were done in Essex, the King being present : the like by his Justices was done in other Countreys.

John Ball was hanged at Coventrie, was brought to Saint Albans, and there before the King condemned, drawn and quartered, the fifteenth of July. He would not take the King forgiuenesse, but utterly despised him.

John Rote : John Hinde, the 28. of September.

Sherifes.

John Northampton Draper, the 28. of October.

Maior.

About the feast of All Saintes, a Parltamente was be-gonne, which endured long, to small purpose, by reason of contention among the Lords, especially the Duke of Lan-caster, and the Earle of Northumberland, whose quarrell in the ende was taken vp by the King, and then the Lords procéded to treate of the Kings businesse and the Realme, but they lingered so long in bayne, that nothing was brought to effect, for hearing of the new Quænes comming to Caleis, the Parliamët was proroged. There were diuers of þ Nobles sent to mæte the Bride, and she was conuayde with all the glorie of the world unto Douer, many both of hir Countrey, and also of England, attending on hir.

After the feast of the Epiphany, all the Nobilitie of the Realme assembled at London, to be present at the Kings marriage, and to do their seruice according to the custome of every one in auntient time vsed. This Virgin named Anne, the daughter of Veselaus King of Bohemia, is at West-minster consecrate to the Kings wife, and by the Archbishop of Canterbury is Crowned Queene. There were

The King was married.

Dy, v.

kept

Richard the second.

kept for the honor of such a solemnization, certain days
together, in which, both the Englishmen shewed their force,
and the Queens Countreymen their prowesse.

In this Queens days, began the detestable use of piked
shoes, tied to their knees with cheines of siluer and gilt. Al-
so, noble women used high attire on their heads, piked like
harnes, with long trapned Gownes, and rode on side
Saddles, after example of the Quene who first brought
that fashion into this Land, for before, women were used to
ride astride like men. The solemnitie of the marriage be-
ing ended, the Parliament is now begon againe, in which,
many articles are proponed and decreed, to weete, of admis-
ting Strangers to sell personally their wares, without
impeachment of the Merchants of Englande: of the abzoga-
ting of Furres, and siluer garnishing of girdles &c. of the
price of Wines, that is, that the Tonne should not ercede
fire Markes &c.

William Vfford Carle of Suffolke, in this Parliament, be-
ing elected by the Knightes of the Shires, to pronounce on
their behalfe the buſinelle of the Realme, the very day and
houre in which he should haue executed the buſinelle he had
taken in hand, as he was going vp the Staires that ledde vp
into the Chamber where all the Nobilitie of the Realme
fate, he sodeinly fell downe, and among his mens handes
that were about to holde him, he pælded vp the ghost, al
though being very merie, and feeling no euill, a little be-
foze, as euen at that instant he had entred Westminister Hall,
of whose sodeine death, not onely all the Nobles of the
Realme were greatly amazèd, but all the meaner soſt, for in
all his life time he had shewed himselfe amiable to al men.
After his death, the Parliament was ended, after the Mer-
chants of England had granted to the King a subsedie, the
customes of all the Soure peares next ensuing, which the
commons called Le Maltot. In this Parliamèt, the Lords
and commons requesting it, Sir Richard Scrope, Knight, was
ordeyned as the man which in excellent knowledge and in
ſtensible

Piked shoes,
high heads, and
long kayled
govvnes, vith
vvomen riding
alide firſt vſed
in England.

Custome of
vvoolles.

Richard the second.

flerible justice, had not his like for his calling in this
realm. Sir Hugh Segraue Knight was made L. Treasurer.

Edmond Mortimer Earle of March, departed this life in
Irelande, after he had brought that land all in manner unto
peace and quietnesse, having governed it most nobly and wisely.

About the feast of S. John Ante port latine, all the nobles
of the Realme were called to London, and other that of cu-
stome were wont to be called, although he Lent before that
had bin another Parliament, as before we haue shewed, in
which, by the petition of the Knightes of the Shires, John
Wraw Prieff, that was leader of them that did rise at Mil-
denhale and Burie, was aduised to hanging and drawing,
though many belieued that he would haue bin redeemed
with money. The rri. of May was a great Earthquake in

England at nine of the clocke, fearing the hearts of many, but
in Kent it was most behement, where it sencke some Chur-
ches, and threwe the downe to the earth. There followed al-
so another Earthquake the viiij. of May in the morning be-
fore the Sunne rising, but not so terrible as the firſt. Sir Ri-
chard Scrope is deſtained of the Chacellorship, which he had
governed lawfully, e Rob. Braybroke B. of London, is made
Chancellor. There arrined in a great tempeſt, a Shippe
called a Carike, at Sandwich, an huge vessel, and so fraught
with riches, that the might haue furnished the want of al the
land, if the enuke of the inhabitants would haue permitted,
but e Merchats of London having much old wares, asfrutes,
spices, oples, e such like, they copounded with e Ienewayes to
fozſake e Hauen, e to palle ouer into Flanders, e so for e cou-
tousnes of a few, e whole Realme ſuſteined great hinderace.

Adam Bawme: John Sely, the 28. of September.

About the feast of S. Thomas the Apoſtle, great rapines
and inundations of waters chanted, so that the water rose
four times more in heigth than before, dzowning by Til-
lages and Cattell, destroying Bridges and Hilles.

The Fithmongers in London, through the counſell of John

Northamp-

Anno reg. 6.

John VVravv
hanged.

Earthquake.

Kd.flo.Auſſe

Sherifes.

Maior.

Richard the Second.

Northampton then Maiot, William Eſſex, John More, and Richard Northburie, were greatly troubled, hinſored of their liberties, and almoſt deſtroyed, by congregations made against them: but in a Parliament at London, by the Kings Charter patent, they were reſtored to their liberties.

About the moneth of May, the Bifhop of Norwich ſayled ouer the Seas into Flanders with a greate power, where he wanne the Townes of Graueling, Brugh, Dunkerke, and Newport.

Whileſt these things are thus doing in Flanders, the King of England and his Quéne, with their Bohemians, bilſted the Abbeys of this Realme, to the Whiche, their coming was very chargeable, for they came with an erceſſive number, all which came to take, but not to giue.

The Scottes taking occasion of the time, for that a great number were gone ouer with the Bifhop of Norwich, entred into Northumberland, and did much hurt to the inhabitants, taking p[ra]apes in every place, and leading away the people prisoners, and carrying them into Scotland: they took the Castell of Warke upon the River of Twede, and b[ent] it.

Simon Winchcombe: John Moore, the 28. of September.
Sir Nicholas Brembar Grocer, the 28 of October.

About the feast of All Saincts, a Parliament was holden at London, in which, the halſe fifteenth was granted to the King by the Laptie, and thortly after the halſe of a tenth by the Cleargie, a poſtion of which moneyp, the Lords of the North demaunded, bycauſe in this Parliament they were appointed to defcnde those partes against the irruptions of Scottes, to whome, anſwere was made by Sir William Wikeham, Bifhop of Winchelſter, that they were made for that cause, of poſe men, rich men, and Lords, that they might the moſe franckly keepe the Scottes, and that the King and Lords of the South partes should be the leſſe troubled. And bycauſe the Scottes came not to this Parliament, according to couenant, and beſide that did displeaſures unto the inhabitants of the North parts, it was decréed by this Parliament,

Stirre against
Fishingers.

1383

Anno reg. 7.

Sherifes.
Maior.
Parliament at
London.

Richard the Second.

ment, that unto faithbreakers, faith thoulde be broken againe, and that a chosen power should be sent thither, forth of Englande, under the leading of Thomas of Woodstoke, to wæte, a thousand Launces, and two thousand Archers, to restrepne their attemptes. These things being knowne, the Scottes being asrayde of themselves, in the ende of the Parliament came, and were desirous to entrate of peace on truse, but the Englishmen hauing tried their falsehode so often times, woulde nepther treate, no compounde with them, but commanded them to returne home, and warned them to saue their heads as well as they might, and to desend their rightes. The Scottes being returned, the Lords of the North toke vpon them to defende the Countrep, till Thomas of Woodstoke Earle of Buckingham were readie to come with a greater power.

Thomas of
V Woodstoke
sent against the
Scottes.

The King toke the temporalities of the Bishop of Norwich into his hands, bycause he was disobedient to his commandement when he sent to haue asrayde him from his tourney into Flanders, and the Knightes that were ouer with him were put in prison, till they were redeemed with gold.

Temporalties
of the Bishop of
Norvvich
seafed.

King Richard held his Christmas at his Manour of Eltham, and with him his Quæne Anne.

After Christmas, Iohn Duke of Lancaster, which before Christmas went ouer into France to treate of peace betwirt the Realmes, returned into England, bringing with him an abstinence of warre till the feast of Saint Iohn Baptist, at what time he was to returne to treate againe, and to confirme the peace if it might be agræd upon betwirt þe Kings.

The night of the Purification of our Lady, great Lightning and Thunder happened, that put men in great feare: and shortly after Iohn Northamptō, otherwise called Combartowne, that had bin the yeare before Maioz of London, that with his seditions had killed the Citie full of comber, attempted new troubles, for in contempt of the Maioz that was elected for that yeare, Sir Nicholas Brembar Knight, he went vp and down with a multitude of seditions people

to

1384

Richard the second.

to gard him, not once, but oftentimes, to the terror of man,
nie, and when the said Breinbar Maioz woulde haue with,
tanded his attemptes, the fauourers of the said John Com-
bertowne were turned into suche a furie, that a Cobler,
which in his owne estimation saemed to be Maioz, required
the vopces of the community, for which cause, by the coun-
sell of Sir Robert Knowles Knight, he was drawne out of
his house, and committed to prison, as a stirrer of insurre-
tion, which acte for that time staide the commotion of the
commons, that were sayd to hane conspired at that time to
haue murthered the elect Maioz, and many other wortlie
men.

When Lente aproched, John Duke of Lancaster,
with his brother Thomas of Woodstoke, Earle of Buckingham,
and an innumerable number of Knightes, Esquires, and
Archers, went toward Scotland, but sayd in the North till
all the vidualles in the Countrep were consumed: he did
moze hurt to the inhabitants, than the Scottes had done be-
foze, at length, about the feast of Easter, he entred Scotland,
but did little good.

The cultodie of the Caffell of Dover was vacant, by the
death of Robert Ashtonwald, then was made Connektable
thereof Simon Burley.

After Caffter, the Nobles came to a Parliament at Sa-
lisburie, whither a certaine Irish Frier, of the order of the
Carmelites, or white Friers, a Watcheler of Diuinitie, na-
med John Latimer, haffed, and accused the Duke of Lanca-
ster, that he had deuised the Kings death, which Frier, was
committed to Sir John Holland Knight, till a day that was
aligned him to make prowse of that he had sayde, but the
night before the day given to the Frier, the sayde Sir John
Holland, and Sir Henry Greene, Knightes, put a corde a-
bout the Friers necke, and with the same corde tying him
by the stones, hanged him up from the grounde, laying a
stone of great weight upon his bellie, till they by forzmente
had made an ende of his life. The mozrow after, they cau-


sed

Parliament at
Salisburie.

Duke of Lanca-
ster accused.

A Frier torme-
ted to death.

Richard the Second.

fed the Friers body to be dzawne thzough the Towne as a
Traytoz, that they might put away all inspection, that he
were put to death Wzongfully : but it is to be wondzed at,
that nepther Esquire, Pcoman, noz Grome, or any other of
meane estate, would harme the Frier, but the Knightes did
it themselves, they were Judges, Officers, and Executio-
ners, and this was the fruite of this Parliament, ercepte
that the King asked and had of the Laitie halse a sixteenth,
and of the Cleargie halse a tenth.

About this time, by cause the Scottes ceaffed not to do di-
ners domages to the Northumbers, the Earle of Northumber-
land Henry Percy, przeparth to innade Scotland, and to re-
quite domage for domage, which enterprise accomplished,
the Earle was no soner returned, and sent home his army,
but that the Scottes came againe, and heaped vp domage vp-
on domage in the Countrep.

Anno reg. 8.

This Sommer, Sir John Philpot, Knighte, and a mol
noble Citizen of London, that trauelled for the commoditie
of the Realme more than all other, and both with erpences
lade for th, and god affection borne, had oftentimes rele-
ued the King, departed this life, leaving none behinde him
his like in god affections.

Sir John Philpot deceaffed.

About the beginning of Auguſt, the Duke of Lancaster
went into France, to treate with the Frenchmen of peace, or
else of truce to be had, the Duke with his company of noble
men remapping long there, when it was thought that he
should haue brought glad and joyfull news to his Coun-
trey, he returned with knowledge of warres, to followe the
beginning of the next Sommer, the truce to endure but til
the first day of May, and so he returned, after he had spent
500000 Markes of Siluer.

Many of the Nobles assembled at Reading, to repzesse the
feditious murres of John Northampton, late Daioz of Lon-
don, that attempted great and hepnous enterprizes, of
the whiche he was conuicd, hys owne Chapleyne utte-
ring manpe thynges that hee wente aboute and hadde

deuiled,

John Northam-
pon conuicd, and
committed to
perpetual pri-
son.

Edward the fifth.

so krake him to the heart, that within sewe dayes after hee
withered and consumed away.

Then on the Tuesday following this sermon, there came
into the Guild hall in London the Duke of Buckingham, accom-
panyed with diverse Lords and Knightes, more than hap-
pily knewe the message that they brought. And there in the
Cask end of the hall, where the Maior keepeth the Hulations,
the Maior and all the Aldermen beþng assembled aboute
him, all the Commons of the Citie gathered befoze them:
after silence commaunded bypon great payne in the Pro-
tectors name: the Duke of Kent bp, and (as he was neþther
unlearned, and of nature maruellously well spoken) he said
unto the people with a cleare and a loude boycxe in this
manner of wife.

Frien des, for the zeale and heartie fauour that we beare
Epon, wæ be come to breake onto you, of a matter ryght
great and weightie, and no lesse weightie than pleasing to
God, and profitable to all the Reame: no: to no part of the
Realme moze profitable, than to you the Citizens of this
noble Citie. For why, that thing that we wote wel ye haue
longe tyme lacked, and soze longed for, that ye woulde haus-
given great god for, that ye would haue gone farre to fetch,
that thing we be come hither to bring you without your la-
bour, paine, coff, aduenture of ieoperdie. What thing is
that: Certes the suertie of your owne bodyes, the quiet
of your wypes and your daughters, the sauegarde of your
gods: of all whych things in tymes palle ye скode ever
more in dubte. For who was there of you all, that
woulde recken him selfe Loode of his owne god among so
many grens and traps as was set therfore, among so much
pilling & polling, among so many taxes & tallages, of which
there was neuer end, & oftentimes no nede: of if any were,
it rather grew of rot, & unreasonable wak, that any neces-
sary of honorable charge. So þ there was dæply pilled frô
god me and honefl, great substance of gods to be lashed out
among vnthrifts, so farre forth that affekenes sufficed not, nor
any

The Duke of
Buckingham
Oration.

au

Edvard the fifth.

any usual manner of knowne tares: but under an easy name of benevolence and good will, the Commissioners so much of every man take, as no man could with his good will haue giuen. As though that name of benevolence, had signified that every man should be pay not what himselfe of his own good will lyft so graunt, but what the King of his good will lyft to take. Which neuer alked little, but every thing was haused aboute the measure, amerciaments turned into fines, fines into raunsoms, small trespasses in mispris, on, misprisition into treason. Whereof I thinke no man knoweth that we should be remember you of examples by name, as though Burder were forgotten, that was for a word spoken in haft cruelly beheaded, by the misconstruing of the laws of this Realme, for the Princes pleasure: wyth no lesse honour to Markam then chiefe Justice, that left his office rather than he would beffent to that iudgement, than to the dishonestie of those, that eather for keare or flatterie gane that iudgemet. What Cooke pour owne worshipful neighbour, Alderman and Daioz of this noble Citie, who is of you eather so negligent that he knoweth not, or so forgetful that he remembeth not, or so hard hearted that he pitieeth not that worshipfull mans losse: what speake we of losse? his better spople and vnderserved destruction, onely for that it happened those to fauour him whom the Prince fauoured not. We neede not I suppose to reheare of these any mo by name, if there be (I doubt not) many here present, that eather in themselves, or in their nigh friendes haue knowne as well their goods as their persons greatly endaungered, eather by feyned squarels, or small matters agremed wyth heynous names. And also there was no crime so great, of which there could lacke a pretert. For if the King preemoting the time of his inheritaunce attayned the Crowne by battayle: it sufficed in a riche man for a pretert of treason, to haue bene of kindred or aliaunce, neare familiaritie or longer acquaintaunce with any of those that were at any time the Kings enimies, which was at one time and other, more

Edvard the fifth.

813

more than halse the Realme. Thus were neither your goods
in suertie, and yet they brought your bodies in iesperdie,
beside the common aduenture of open warre, which albeit
that it is euer the will and occasion of much mischiefe, yet
is it neuer so mischieuous as where any people fall at di-
taunce among themselves, no, in none earthly nation so
deadly and so peстilent, as when it hapneth among us : and
among us neuer so long continued diffention, no so many
battayles in that season, no so cruell and so deadly fought,
as was in that Kings dayes that deade is, God forgive it
his soule. In whose time, and by whose occasion, what a-
bout the getting of the garland, keeping it, leasing, and win-
ning againe, it hath cost more English bloud, than hath twice
the winning of Fraunce. In which inward warre among
our selues, hath bene so great effusion of the auncient noble
bloud of this Realme, that scarcely the halse remapneth, to
the great enſebling of this noble land, beside manp a good
towne ranſacked and spopped by them, that hath bene going
to the kielde oz comming from thence. And peace long al-
fer not much ſurer than warre. So that no time was there,
in which riche men ſo their money, and great men ſo their
landes, oz some other ſo some keare, oz some displeasure
were not out of perill. For whom trusted he that miſtruſ-
ted his owne brother? who ſpared he that kylled hys owne
brother? oz who could be perſitly loue him, if his owne bro-
ther could not? What manner of ſolke he moff ſauoſed we
shall ſo his honour ſpare to ſpeake of, howbeit, this wote
you well all, that who ſo was beſt, bare alway leaſt rule,
moſe ſute was in his dayes unto Shores wife, a bile and an
abhominable trumpet, than to all the Lozdes in Englande,
ercept unto those that made hir their p[rotecto]z: which ſimple
l[w]oman was well named and honest, tell the King ſo, hys
wanton luſt and ſinful affection bereſt hir from hir husband,
a right honest ſubſtantiall p[ong] man among you. And in
that point, which in good ſayth I am ſoſie to ſpeake of, ſa-
uing that it is in vaine to kepe in counſell that thing that

Open vvarre:

Civill vvarre.

all

314

Edvard the fifth.

all men knowe, the Kings greedie appetite was inflatable,
and euery where ouer all the Realme intollerable. For ne
woman was there any where, yong or olde, riche or peste,
whom he set his eye upon, in whom he any thing liked, ey-
ther person or fauour, spéche, pace, or countenaunce, but
without any feare of God, or respect of his hono', murmur
or grudge of the worlde, he would impoetzunely pursue his
appetite, so haue he, to the great destruiction of many a good
woman, and great do loz to their hufbande and their other
friendes, which being honest people of themselves, so much
regarde the cleannesse of their house, the chafitie of the
wines, and their children, that they were leauer to leave al
that they haue beside, than to have such a villanie done the.
And all were it that wyth this and other impoztable dea-
lyngs, the Realme was in euery part annoyed: yet special-
ly pe here the Citizens of this noble Citie, as well so that
amongest you is most plentie of all such things as minifter
matter to suche iniurpes, as so that you were nearest at
hand, lith that neare here about was commonly his most a-
byding. And yet be ye the people whom he had as singular
cause wel and kindly to entreat, as any part of his Realme,
not onely so that the Prince by this noble Citie, as hys e-
speciall Chamber, and the speciall well renowned Citie of
hys Realme, much honourable fame receieth among all
other nations: but also so that ye not without your great
coste, and fundzie perils and ieoperdies in all his warrés,
bare euen your speciall fauour to his parte, whyche your
kinde myndes bozne to the house of Torke, sithe hee haue
nothyng wozthply acquited, there is of that house that now
by Gods grace better shall, which thing to the weypon, is
the whole summe and effecte of this our present errante.
It shall not I wote well, necede that I rehearse you against,
that ye haue alreadie hearde, of hym that can better tell
it, and of whom I am sure ye will better believe it. And
reason is that it so be. I am not so proude to loke therfore
that ye should recken my words of as great a chafitie

London the
Kings especially
Chamber.

as

## Edvard the fifth.

as the Preachers of the Word of God, namely a man so cunning and so wyle, that no man better woteth what he shouldle saye, and thereto so good and vertuous, that he woulde not saye the thing which he wylt he should not saye, in the Pulpet, namely, into the which no honest man commeth to lye, which honozable Preacher yee well remember subikntially declared unto you at Paules Croffe, on Sunday last passed, the right & title, that the most excellent Prince Richarde Duke of Glocester, now Pzotector of this Realme hath into the Crowne and Kingdome of the same. Foz as the worzhipfull man groundlye made open unto you, the children of King Edward the fourthe, were neuer lawfully begotten, foz as much as the King (leaning his very wyfe Dame Elizabeth Lucie) was neuer lawfully married unto the Queene their mother, whose bloud sauing that he set his voluptuous pleasure before his honoz, was ful unmortly to be matched with his, and the minglyng of whose blonds togther, hath beene the effusion of great parte of the noble bloud of this Realme. Whereby it may well seeme the marriage not well made, of which there is so muche mischiefe growne. Foz lacke of which lawfull ac coupling, and also of other things which the sayde worzhipfull Doctoz rather signified than fully erplaned, and which things shall not be spoken foz me, as the thing wherein euery man foz beareth to say that he knoweth in auopding displeasure of my noble Lord Pzotector, bearing as nature requireth a filiall reverence to the Duches his mother, foz these causes I say before remembred, that is to wit, foz lacke of other ilfue lawfullye comming of the late noble Prince Richarde Duke of Yorke, to whose royall bloud the Crowne of Englande and of Fraunce, is by the hyghe authoritie of Parliament entayled, the right and title of the same, is by the full course of inheritaunce according to the common lawes of thys Lande, denolute and commen unto the most excellent Prince the Lord Pzotector, as to the very lawfully begotten sonne of the formeremembred noble Duke of Yorke.

Which

Edvard the fifth.

Which thing well considered, and the great knightly pape
was pondered, with manikinde vertues which in his noble
person singularly abound, the Nobles and Commons also
of this Realme, and specially of the North part, not willing
any baftard bloud to haue the rule of the land, nor the abu-
sions before in the same used any longer to continue, haue
condiscended and fully determined to make humble petiti
on to the most puiffaunt Prince the Lord Protector, that it
may lyke his grace at our humble request, to take upon him
the guiding and gouernance of this Realme, to the wealth
and encreafe of the same, according to his verie right and
intakt kytle. Which thing I wote it well, he will be lothe to
take upon hym, as he whose wisedome well perceyuenth the
labour and studie both of minde and body, that shall come
therewith, to whom soeuer so will occupie the rome, as I
dare say he will if he take it. Which rome I warne you
well is no childes office. And that the great wile man well
perceuied, when he sayd: *Væ regno cuius rex puer est: Wo is
that Realme that hath a childe to their King. Therefote so
much the more cause haue we to thanke God, that this so-
ble personage which is so righteously intituled therunto, is
of so sad age, and therunto so great wisedome iopned with
so great experience, which albeit he will be loth (as I haue
sayd) to take it upon him, yet shall he to our petition in that
behalse the more gracioufly incline, if ye the worshipful Cl-
tizens of this the chiefe Citie of this Realme, iopne both
vs the nobles in our satde request. Which for your owne
weale we doubt not but ye will : and nathelesse I partly
pray you so to doe, whereby you shall doe great poffit to all
this Realme beside, in choosing them so good a King, and to
your selfe special commoditie, to whom his Maieustie shall
euer after beare so much the more tender favour, in howe
much he shall perceue you the more pnone and benevolent
ly minded toward his election. Wherin weare friends what
minde you haue, we require you plainely to shew vs.

When the Duke had sayde, and looked that the people
whom

Edvard the fifth.

whom he hoped that the Daioz hadde framed before, should
after this proposition made, haue cryed King Richard,
King Richard, all was hufft and mute, and not one word
answered thereunto: wherewith the Duke was maruel-
lously abashed, and taking the Daioz nearer to hym, with
other that were aboute him priuie to that matter, sayde
unto them softely, what meaneth thys, that thys peo-
ple be so skyll? Syr (quoth the Daioz percase they per-
cepue you not well. That shall we e mende (quoth he) if that
will) helpe.

And by and by somewhat louder he rehearsed them
the same matter agayne in other order and other wordes
so well and oznately, and napthelelle so evidentlye and
playne, wyth boyce, gesture, and countenaunce so come-
ly, and so convenient, that enerp man muche maruelled
that hearde him, and thought that they neuer had in they
lines heard so evil a tale so well tolde.

But were it for wonder of keare, of that eche lookt that
other should be speake firck : not one word was there aun-
swered of all the people that kowde before, but all was as
skyll as the mydnight, not so muche as rowning amongst
them, by which they myght feme to commune what was
best to doe. When the Daioz saue this, hee with other part-
ners of that Councell dzewe aboute the Duke, and sayde
that the people had not bæne accultomed there to be spoken
unto, but by the Recorder, which is the mouth of the Ci-
tie, and happily to him they wpl aunswere. With that the
Recorder called Fitz William, a sad manne, and an honest,
which was so newe come into that office, that he neuer had
spoken to the people before, and lothe was wyth that mat-
ter to begynne, notwithstandyng, thereunto commaun-
ded by the Daioz, made rehearsall to the Commons of
the Duke had twice rehearsed them to himselfe. But the
Recorder so tempered hys tale, that he thewed every thing
as the Dukes wordes, and no parte of hys owne. But all
this noting, no chaunge made in the people, which alway

Fff.

after

Fitz William
Recorder.

818

Edvard the fifth.

after one, скань as they had been men amazed, whereby the Duke rowned onto the Maioz and sayde: this is a marvellous oblique silence, and therewith he turned into the people agavne with these words: Weare friendes we come to move you to that thing whiche peradventure we not so greatly needed, but that the Lords of this Realme, and the commons of other parties might have beneficied: sauing that we suche love beare you, and so much for by you, that we would not gladly doe without you, that thing in whiche to be partners is your weale and honour, which as it seemeth, either you see not, or weep not. Wherefore we require you give us answere one or other whether ye be minded as al þ nobles of the Realm be, to have this noble Prince now Protector to be your King or not.

At these words the people beganne to whisper among themselves secretly, that the voice was neither lowe nor distinct, but as it were the sounde of a swarme of Bees, flyt at the last in the neather end of the Hall, a bushment of the Dukes seruaintes and Palfristdes, and other longing to the Protector, with some prontises and laddes that they into the Hall among the prease, beganne sodainly at men's backes to crye out as loude as theyz throotes woulde gryne King Richarde, King Richarde, and thze we by their cappes in token of ioy. And they that lowde before call backe their heads marcelling thereof, but nothing they sayde.

And when the Duke and the Maioz salwe this manner, they wisely turned it to their purpose, and sayde it was a goodly crye, and a ioyfull to heare, every man with one boyce, no man saying nap. Wherefore friendes (quoth the Duke) since that we perceive it is all your whole myndes to have this noble man for your R. wherof we shall make his grace so effectuall report, that we doubt not but it shall redounde into your great weale and commodie: we require ye that ye to mozoł go with us, and we with you into his noble grace, to make our humble request unto him in maner before remembered. And therewith the Lords came

## Edvard the fifth.

came downe, and the company dissolued and departed, the
more part all sad, some with glad semblance that were not
very merrie, and some of those that came thither wyth the
Duke not able to dissemble their sozrow, were faine at his
backe to turne their face to the wall, while the colour of
their heart burst out of their eyes.

Then on the mozrowe after, the Maioz with all the Al-
dermen and chiefe commoners of the citie in their best ma-
ner apparelled, assembling themselves together, resozte
unto Baynardes Castell, where the P[rotector] lay. To which
place repayed also according to the appoyntment, the
Duke of Buckingham, with diverse noble men wyth him,
besyde many knightes and other Gentlemen. And there-
pon the Duke sent worde unto the Lordde Protector of
the being there of a great and honozable companie, to mone
a great matter unto his grace.

The Maiors
comming to
Baynardes Ca-
nell.

Wherepon the P[rotector] made difficultie to come out
unto them, but if he first knewe some part of their errand, as
thoughe he doubted, and partly distrusted the comming of
a number unto him so sodenly, without any warning or
knowledge whether they came soz good or harme. Then the
duke when he had thewed this unto the Maioz other, that
they might therby see how little the P[rotector] looked soz this
matter, they sent unto him by the D[elfenger] suche louing
message againe, and therewith so humbly besought him to
bouchsafe, that they might resozt to his presence, to purpose
their intent, of which they woulde unto none other person
part disclose, that at the last he came sozth of his Chamber,
and yet not downe unto them, but so wode aboue in a Gal-
lerie ouer them, where they might see him, and speake to
him, as though he woulde not yet come to nære them spyl
he wist what they ment.

And thereupon the Duke of Buckingham, first made humble
petition unto him on the behalfe of them all, that his grace
would pardon them, and licence them to purpose unto his
grace the intent of their comming without his displeasure,

F.f. y.

with

Edvard the fifth.

Without which pardon obtained, they durst not be bolde to
moue him of that matter. In whiche albeit they ment as
muche honour to his grace, as wealthe to all the Realme
beside, yet were they not sure howe his grace would take
it, whom they woulde in no wyse offende. When the Pray-
tector (as he was verie gentle of himselfe, and also longed
sore to witte what they ment) gave him leave to purpote
what him lyked, verily trusting for the good minde that he
bare them all, none of them any thing woulde intende unto
himward, wherewith he ought to be grieued.

When the Duke had this leave and pardon to speake,
then warded he bolde to shew him their intent and purpote,
with all the causes mouing them thereunto as ye before
haue heard, and finally to beseeche his grace, that it woulde
like him of his accustomed goodnes & zeale unto the realme
nowe with his eye of pitie, to beholde the long continued
distresse and decaye of the same, and to let his gracious han-
des to redresse and amendment thereof, by taking upon him
the Crowne and government of this Realme, according
to his right and kytle lawfullynde unto him, and to
the laude of God, profile of the Lande, and unto his
grace so muche the more honour, and lesse payne, in that
that neuer Prince rayned upon any people, that were
so glad to lyue under his obeysance, as the people of this
Realme under his.

When the Profecto[?r] had hearde the proposition, he lo-
ked verie straungely therat, & answered: that albeit it were
that he partly knewe the things by them alledged to be true,
yet such entire loue he bare unto King Ed. and his children,
that so much more he regarded his honor in other realmes,
about than the Crowne of any one of whiche he was never
despyous, that he could not finde in his heart in this poppy to
encline to their desire. For in all other states where
the truth were not well knowne, it should be peradventure
be thought, that it were his owne ambitious minde and
deuiſe, to depose the Prince, and take himselfe the Crowne,

with

## Edvard the fifth.

With which infamy he woulde not haue his honour kayned for any Crowne, in which he had euer percepued much moze labour and payne, than pleasure to hym that would so vse it, as he that woulde not, were not wozthie to haue it. Notwithstanding he not onely pardoned them the motion that they made him, but also thanked them for the loue and heartie favour they bare hym, praying them soz hys fake to gyue and beare the same to the Prince, vnder whom hee was, and woulde bee content to lyue, and with hys labour and counsell, as farre as should lyke the King to vse him, he would doe his uttermost devoutie to get the Realme in good state, whiche was alreadie in this lyttle whyle of hys Protectorthippe (the prayse gyuen to God) well begunne, in that the malice of suche as were before occasion of the contrarie, and of new intended to bee, were nowe partly by good policie, partly moze by Gods speciall prouidence, than mans prouision repzessed.

Upon this aunswere giuen, the Duke by the Protectours licence, a lyttle rowned, aswell wyth other Noble men aboute hym, as with the Maioz and Reкоzder of London. And after that upon lyke pardon desired and obteyned, he chewed aloude vnto the Protectoz, that soz a finall conclusion, that the Realme was appoynted King Edwardes lyne should not any longer raygne upon them, both soz that they hadde so farre gone, that it was nowe no suvertie to retreate, as soz that they thoughte it soz the weale vnierfall to take that waye, althoughe they had not yet begonne it.

Wherfore if it would lyke his grace to take the Crowne upon hym, they woulde humbly beseeche him there vnto. If he woulde giue them a resolute aunswere to the contrarie, which they woulde be lothe to heare, then must they needes seeke and shoulde not fayle to spnde some other noble man that would.

These wozdes muche moved the Protectour, which else as euerie man may wit, woulde neuer of likelyhod haue

Fkk. if.

enclyned

822

## Edvard the fifth.

enclyned therebunto. But when hee sawe there was none other waye, but that eyther he must take it, or else hee and hys both goe from it, he sayd unto the Lords and Commons: Sith wée perceypue well that all the Realme is so set, whereof wée bée very soie that they will not suffer in any wise King Edwardes lyne to gourne them, whome no man earthly can gourne agaynst their wyltes, and we wel also perceypue, that no man is there, to whome the Crowne can by iust tytle appertayne, as to our selfe, as verie ryghte hepze lawfully begotten of the bodie of our most deare father Richarde late Duke of Yorke, to whiche tytle is noye iopned pour election, the Nobles and Commons of this Realme, which wée of all tytles possible take soz most effectuall: Wée bée content and agrée favourably to enclyne to your petition and request, and accor ding to the same, here wée take bpon us the royall estate, preeeminence and kingdome of the two noble Realmes, Englande and France, the one from this dave soz warde, by us and our hepzes to rule, gourne, and defende: the other by Gods grace, and your god helpe, to get agayne and subdue, and effablisse euner in due obedience unto this Realme of Englande, the announcement wherof wée neuer alke of God longer to live, than we intend to procure.

The Proteaor
taketh vpon
him to be king.

With this there was a greatqhout, crying King Richarde, King Richarde. And then the Lords went by to the King (soz so was he from thatyme called) and the people departed, talking diversely of the matter, every man as hys fantasie gaue him. But much they talked and maruedled of the manner of this dealing, that the matter was on both partes made so: Kraunge, as though he neyther had euner communed with other thereof before, when that they selues wylke there was no manne so dull that hearde them, but hee perceypued well ynoughe, that all the matter was made betwene them. Howbeit some excused that agayne, and sayd all must be done in god order ? And menne must somtyme so the manners sake, not be aknowen what they

Richard the third.

and onifie, he made an open proclamation, that he did put
out of his minde all enmities, and that he there did openly
pardon all offences committed against him. And to the in-
fent that he might thewe a pize thereof, he commaunded
that one Fogge, whome he had long deadlye hated, shoulde
be broughte then before him, who being broughte out of
the Sanctaurie (for that ther hadde he fledde for seare of
him) in the sighte of the people, he toke him by the hande.
Which thing the Commo people reiopced at, and piapeed,
but wive men toke it for a banitie. In his returne home-
warde, whom soeuer he met, he saluted. For a mynde that
knoweth it selfe guiltie, is in a manner deiected to a seruile
flatterie.

When he had beon his raigne in June, after this moc-
kisse election, then was he Crowned the sixth dave of the
same moneth. And that Solemnitie was furnished for the
most part, with the selfe same prouifion that was appointed
for the coronation of his nephew.*

Now fell there mischieues thick. And as the thing euill
gotten is neuer well kepte, thoughouge all the time of his
raigne neuer ceassed their cruell death and slaughter, till his
owne destruption ended it. But as he finished his time with
the best death and the most righteous, that is to witte, his
owne, so beganne he with the most piteous and wicked, I
meane the lamentable murther of his innocent nephewes,
the yong King and his tender brother: whose death and ki-
nall infoztune hath nathelesse commen so farre in queffion,
that some remapne yet in doubt, whether they were in his
dayes destrovéd or no. Not for that only that Perkyn Wer-
becke by many folkes malice, and moe folkes folly, so long
space abusing the worlde, was as well with Princes as
the pomer people, reputed and taken for the yonger of these
two, but for that also that all things were in late dayes so
couertly demeaned, one thing pietended, and another mét,
that there was nothing so plaine & openly proued, but that
yet for the commo custom of close & couert dealing, men had

F.f.t.b.

Sir Thomas
More againe.

Perkyn VVerga
becke.

826

Richard the third.

if ever inwardly suspect : as manpe well counterfayed he
wels make the true mistrusted. Howbeit concerning the o
pinion, with the occasions mouing eyther partie, we shall
haue place moze at large to intreate, if we hereafter happen
to write the time of the late noble Prince of famous memo-
rie King Henrie the Seauenth , or percase that Historie of
Perkin in any compendious processe by it selfe. But in the
meane time for this present matter, I shall rehearse you the
dolozous ende of those babes, not after euery wape that I
haue hearde but by suche men and by suche meanes as me
thinketh it were harde, but it should be true.

King Richard after his Coronation, taking his waye to
Gloester to visite in his newe honour, the Towne of which
he bare the name of his olde, deuised as he rode, to fulfil the
thing which he before had intended. And so far as much as his
minde gaue him, that his nephtes liuing, me would not
recken that he could haue right to the Realme, he thought
therfore without delay to ridde them, as though the killing
of his kinsmen could amende his cause, and make him a
kindely King. With herbpon, he sent one John Greene, whom
he specially truokt vnto Spur Robert Brakenburie, Cones
Kable of the tower, with a letter and credence also, that the
same Sir Robert should in any wise put the two children to
death. This John Greene did his errand vnto Brakenburie,
kneling before our Lady in the Tower, who playnely an
Ouered, that he would neuer put them to death to die there
foze : with whiche aunsweare, John Greene returning, re
comped the same to King Richard at Warwicke yet in his
wape. Where with he tooke suche displeasure and thought,
that the same night he layde vnto a fccrét page of his : As
whom shall a man truok : those that I haue brought vnto
self, those that I had wened would most surelily serve me,
tien those layle me, and at my commaundement, will do no
thing for me. Sir (quoth his page) there lyeth one on your
pallet without, that I dare well say, to do your grace please
sure, the thing were right harde that he would refuse, mea-
ning

John Greene.
Robert Bracke-
burie Conestaz,
ble of the
Towver.

Richard the third.

827

ring this by Sir James Tirell, which was a man of right god-
ly personage, and so? natures giftes worthy to haue serued
a much better Prince, if he had wel serued God, as by grace
obtained as much troth and god wil as he had strength and
witte. The man had an high hart, and soze longed upward,
not rising yet so falt as he had hoped, being hindered as kept
under by the meanes of? Sir Richard Ratcliffe, and sir Wil-
Catesby, which longing so? no mo partners of the Princes
fanour, and namel? not so? him, whose pride they will wold
beare no pere, keepte him by secrete drizkes out of all secret
truff, which thing, this Page wel had marked and knownw:
wherfoze this occasion offered, of very speciall friend ship he
toke his time to put him so? ward, as by such wise to doe him
god, that al the enimies he had, ercept the Duel, could ne-
uer haue done him so much hurt. For how this pages words
King Richard arose (so? this communication had he sitting
at the dzaught, a convenient Carpet so? such a counsel) and
came out into a Pallet Chamber, on which he found in bed
sir Iames & sir Thomas Tirels, of person like and bzethen of
blond, but nothing of kin in conditions. Then sapde the K.
merily to them, what firs be pée in bed so? wne; and calling
bp sir Iames, bake to him secretly his minde in this mische-
uous matter. In whiche he founde him nothing Kraunge.
Watherfoze on the mozow he sente him to Brakenburie wPTH
a letter, by which was commaunded to deliuer sir Iames all
the kepes of the Tower so? one night, to the ende he might
there accomplish the Kings pleasure, in such things as hee
had giuen him commaundement. After which letter deliue-
red, and the kepes receined, sir Iames appointed the mighte
nert ensuing to delirop them, deuiling before and przparing
the meanes. The pince as wne as y p'otector left y name,
and toke himselfe as king, had it shewed unto him, that hee
hold not reaign, but his oncle hold haue y crown. At which
word, y Prince soze abashed, beganne to ligh & said: Alas, I
would my oncle woulde let me haue my life yet, though I
kisse my Kingdome. Then he that told him the tale, bese
hym wyth god words, and putte hym in the beste com-

Sir James Tirell.

Authoritie los
uth no part-
ners.

828

Richard the third.

fozt he could. But forthwith was the Prince and his brother both chut vp, and all other remoued from them, onely one called Blacke Will, or William Slaughter except, set to serue them and see them sure. After whiche time the Prince neuer tyed his pointes, nor aught roughe of himselfe, but with that yong babe his brother, lingred with thought and heaninesse, til this trayerous death deliuered them of that wretchednesse. For Sir Iames Tyrell deuised y they should be murthered in their beds. To the erecution whereof, he appointed Myles Forrest, one of the foure that kept them, a fellow flethy in murther before time. To him he toyned one Iohn Dighton his owne hozssekæper, a bigge, hode, square, strong knaue.

Then al the other being remoued from them, this Miles Forrest, and Iohn Dighton, about midnight (the felie child lying in their beddes) came into the Chamber, and sodainly lapped them vp anong the clothes, so to bewrapped the and intangled them, keeping downe by force the featherbed and pillowes hard vnto their mouths, that within a while, smothered and stifled, they z breath kapling, they gave vp to God their innocent soules into the iopes of Heauen, learning to the tormentors their bodyes deade in the bed. When che after that the wretches perceyued, first by the struggling with the paynes of death, and after long lying still, to be throughly deade, they layde their bodies naked out vpon the bed, and fetched Sir Iames to see them, which vpon the sight of them, caused those murtherers to burie them at the staire foot, meetly dæpe in the ground, under a great heape of stones.

Then rode Spur James in greate haffe to King Richarde, and chewed him all the manner of the murther, who gave him great thankes, for (as some say) there made him knight. But he allowed not as I haue heard, the burying in so bile a corner, saying, that he woulde haue them buried in a better place, because they were a Kings sonnes. Loe the honorable courage of a King. Whereupon they say, that a Dielectric of

The yong king
and his brother
murthered.

Richard the third

Priest of S. Roberte Brakenburie toke uppe the bodyes a-gain, and secretly entered them in such place, as by the occasion of his death, which only knew it, could be neuer since come to light. When troth is it, and well knowen, that at such time as Sir Iames Tyrell was in the Tower, so Treason committed against the most famous Prince King Henry the Seauenth, both Dighton and he were examined, and confessed the murther in maner aboue written, but whether the bodyes were remoued, they coulde nothing tell. And thus as I haue learned of them that muche knewe, and little cause had to lye were these two noble princes, these in-nocente tender children, bozne of most royal bloud, brought up in great wealth, likely long to live, raigne, and rule in the Realme, by tracterous tirannie taken, depriued of their effect, so shortly that up in prison, and prively flain and murthered, their bodies cast God wot where, by the cruel am-bition of the most unnatural uncle and his dispiteous tozmen-toz. Whiche things on euery part wel pondered, God neuer gave this world a more notable eraple, neither in what vnfuturetie standeth this world lye weale, or what mischiefe wozketh the proude enterprise of an high heart, or finallye, what wretched ende ensueth such dispiteous crueltie. For first to beginne with the Minifters, Miles Forrest, at Saint Martins peacemeale rotted away. Dighton indede yet wal-keth on alive in good poſsibilitie to be hanged ere he dye. But Sir Iames Tyrell dyed at the Tower while beheaded so treason. King Richard himself, as yee thal hereafter heare, flaine in the kelde, hacked and hewed of his enimies hands, caried on Hozzeback dead, his heare in despight tozne and tugged like a cur dog. And the mischiefe that hee toke, was within lesse than thze yeres of the mischief that he did. And yet al the mean time, (pent in much paine and trouble out-ward, much keare, anguifhe and sozrow within. For I haue hearde by credible report of suche as were secrete with hiss Chamberlaine, that after this abhominable dæde done, he neuer had quiet in his minde. He neuer thought hymſelfe sure,

830

Richard the third.

fure. Where he went abzoade, hys even whirled about, hys
bodie pziely fenced, hys hande ever upon his dagger, hys
countenaunce and maner like one, alwayes readie to strike
againe, he toke ill reft a nyghtes, lay long waking and un-
sing, soze wearied with care and watche, rather slumbered
than slept, troubled with fearefull dzeames, sodainely some-
time stert vppe lept out of his bedde, and ranne about the
Chamber, so was his restleſſe hearte continually toſed and
tumbled with the tedious impreſſion and kormie remem-
braunce of hys abhominable dæde.

Sherifes.
Mator.

Thomas Norland: William Martin, the 28. of Septem.
Robert Bylifdon Haberdasher, the. 28. of October.

Powe had he outwarde no long time in reſt. For here
upon, ſone after, began the conspiracie, oz rather god con-
federation, betwene the Duke of Buckingham, and manye o-
ther Gentlemen against him.

The occasion whereupon the King and the Duke fell
out, is of diuerſe ſolke diuerſe wive pretended.

Thys Duke (as I haue for certaine ben enſoymed) as
ſone as the Duke of Gloceſter, upon the death of King Ed-
warde, came to Yorke, and there had ſolemne ſuneral ſer-
vice for King Edward, ſent thyther in the moſt ſecreſt wifc
he coulde, one Perſall his truſſie ſeruant, who came to John
Warde, a Chamberer of like ſecreſte truſſe with the Duke
of Gloceſter, desiring, that in the moſt close and couert man-
ner, he might be admitted to the presence and ſpæch of hys
maſſer. And the Duke of Gloceſter aduertised of hys dæde,
caused him in the dead of the night, after al other ſolk un-
ded, to be brought vnto him in his ſecreſte Chamber, where
Perſall after his maſſers reſcomendation, the weddym, that
he had ſecretly ſent to ched him in his new wozd, he would
take such partas he woulde, and wayte upon him with a
thousande god ſellowes, if ne’de were. The meſsenger
ſente

Richard the thide.

fente backe with thankes, and some secreate inſtruction of
the Protectors minde: yet mette hym agapne with farther
fröh the D. his Mafter, within few dapes after at Notinghá:
whither the Protectors from Yorke, with many Gentlemé of
the Mothe Comitrey, to the number of ſire hundred hoz-
ſes, was come on his waye to London warde, and after ſe-
creak mæting and communication had, eſtſome departed.
Wherebyon at Northampton, the Duke met with the Pro-
tector, himſelf w thce hundred Hozſes, and from thence til-
cotinued with him partner of all his deuſes, till he after his
Coronation, they departed as it ſeemed very greate friends
at Glouceſter. From where, allſone as the Duke came home,
he so lightlye turned from him, and so highlye conspired a-
gainſte him, that a man would maruell whereof the change
grewe. And ſurely, the occasion of their variance is of dy-
uers men diuerſely reported. Some haue said I (beard ſay) he
the Duke a little before the Coronation, among other thin-
ges, required of the Protectors the Duke of Hertſords lands,
to the which he pretended himſelfe iſſe inſheritoz. And ſo-
afmuch as the title whiche he claymed by inheritance, was
somewhat interlaced with the title to the Crowne, by the
line of King Henry before depriuſed, the Protectors concep-
ued ſuche indignation, that he reiected the Dukes requeſte
with many ſpiteſull and minatozie words, which ſo woun-
ded his hart with hatred and miſkruffe, that he neuer after
coulde enoure to loke aright on King Richard, but euer fea-
red his owne life, so far kozth, that when the Protectors rode
throughe London towarde his Coronation, hee ſayned him-
ſelſe ſicke, bycause he woude not ride with him. And the
other takyng it in euill parte, ſente him word to rife, and
come rive, or he woude make him be carrped. Wherebyon,
he rode on with euill will, and that notwithstanding on the
mozrow, rose from the keaſſ, kayning hym ſelſe ſicke, & Kyng
Richard ſaid, it was done in hatred and despite of him. And
they ſaide, that euer after continually, ech of them lined in
luch hatred & diſkruff of other, that he Duke verily loked to
haue

833

Richard the third.

haue bin murthered at Gloceſter. From which naſheleſſe, he
in faire maner departed. But ſurely some right ſecrete at
that dape denp this: and many right wife men thinke it be
likely, (the dæpe disſembling nature of those both men do
ſidered, and what nède in that gréne wozlde the P[rot]eſtor
had of the Duke, and in what perill the Duke k[no]wde, if he ſel
once in ſuspition of the Tyzant) that eyther the P[rot]eſtor
woulde giue the Duke occasion of displeasure of the Duke
the P[rot]eſtor occasion of miſtruffe. And verely, men
thinke, that if King Richard had anye such opinion concep-
ued, he would neuer haue ſuffered him to escape his hands.
T[ier]p troth it is, the Duke was an high minded man, and
euill could beare the glozie of an other, so that I haue heard
of some that ſay they ſawe it, that the Duke at such time as
the Crowne was firſt set upon the P[rot]eſtor's head, h[is] ey
coulde not abyde the ſight thereof, but w[iz]yed his head an
other waye. But men ſape, that he was of troth not twel at
eſe, and that both to King Richard well knowne, and not
ill taken, no[z] any demaunde of the Dukes uncureuſly re-
ieſted, but he both with greate g[iſ]tes and high beheſſes in
moſt louing and truſſie maner, departed at Gloceſter. But
ſone after his comming home to Breckn[ocke], hauing ther in
cultodie by the commaundement of King Richard D[odo]
Morton, B[ys]hoppe of Ely, who (as p[er] before hearde) was fa-
ken in the Counsel at the toſer, w[ar]ed with him familiari:
whose w[ise]dome abuſed his p[ri]de to his owne deliveraunce
and the Dukes deſtruction. The B[ishop] was a man of gret
natural witte, very well learned, and hono[ra]ble in behauior,
lacking no w[ise] wayes to winne ſauour. He had ſin
ſaſt upon the part of King Henrie, while that parte was in
wealth, and naytheleſſe, leſte it not no[z] ſo[ſ]w[he] it in woe,
but ſiedde the Realme with the Nu[ca]ne and the P[ri]ince,
why]le King Edwarde hadde the King in p[ri]ſon, neuer
came home, but to the ſielde. Aſter whiche l[oſſe], and that
parte utterly ſubdued, the tother ſo[z] his ſaſt ſayth and w[is]
dome, not onel[ye] was contente to receiue him, but al[lo]
word

word

Richard the thirde.

woed him so come, and hadde him from thenceforth both in
secreate trust, and very speciall fauour, whiche he nothing
deceived. For he being (as ye haue heard) after King Ed-
wards death kisse taken by the tyzante, for his truth to the
King, founde the meane to set this Duke in his foppe, iop-
neued Gentlemen togither in aide of King Henry, deuising first
the marriage betwene him and King Edwardes daughter,
by which his faith, he declared the good seruice to both his
markers at once, with infinit benefite to the realm by his con-
tinuation of those two blonds in one, whose several titles had
long enquieted the land, he fled the realm, went to Rome, ne-
uer minding noze to meddle wite the world, till the noble
Prince King Henry the seauenth gate hym home agayne,
made hym Archebysthoppe of Canterbury, and Chauncello of
Englande, whereunto the Pope joined the hono of Cardinal.
Thus, lyuing many dapes in as muche hono as one man
mighte well wisse, ended them so godly, that his death with
Gods mercie well changed his life.

This man therefoze, as I was aboute to tell you, by the
long and often alternate pize, as well of pfoseritie, as ad-
uers foztune, hadde gotten by greate experience the verye
mother and miſſresse of Wisedome, a dæpe inſiſtbte in polli-
tique wozldly dziktes. Whereby, perceyuing nowe thys
Duke glad to commune with him, fed him with faire woz-
des, and many pleasaunt pzaſes. And perceyuing by the
pzoſelle of their communication, the Dukes pize, now and
then balke oute a little hzedde of enuie, towarde the glozpe
of the King, and thereby feeling him eafie to fall oute if the
maſter were well handled: he craftely ſought the wayes to
pzicke him forwarde, taking alwayes the occasion of his
comming, ſo keeping himſelfe so close within his bounds,
that he rather ſemed to follow him, then to leade him. For,
when the Duke kisse beganne to pzaſe and boast the king,
and the we howe muche pzoſite the Realme thoulde take by
his raigne: my Lozde Morton anſwered: Surely my Lozd,
ſollie it were for me to lye, for if I would weare the contra-


Cgg. rpe,

834

Richard the third.

rie,your Lordship would not I wæne belieue, but that it
wold would haue gone as I wold haue wighed, B.Henries
son had had the Crown, not King Ed.But after that God
hadde ordered him to lose it, and King Edwarde to raigne,
I was neuer so madde that I woulde with a deade manne
frue against the quicke.So was I to King Edward a faithful
Chaplaine, and glad woulde hane bin that his chylde
hadde succæded him.Howbeit, if the secrete indugemente of
God hane otherwise prouided, I purpose not to spurre a-
gainst a plicke, no laboure to sette vppe that God pulleth
downe.And as for the late Piotector and now King.And eu-
uen there he left,saying y he had already meddled to muche
wyth the wozld, and would from that day meddle with his
Boke and his beades,and no further.Then longed the D.
soze to heare what he woulde hane sayde, by cause he ended
with the King,and there so sodainely stopped,and erhozze
him so familiarly betwæne them twayne,so be volde to say
whatsoever he thoughte, whereof he saythfullye p[ro]mitted,
there should neuer come hurte, and peradventure more
god than he woulde wæne, and that himselfe intended
to vse his faithfull secrete aduise and counsell, whiche he
sayde was the only cause so which he procured of the King
to haue hym in his cultodie, where he might recken himself
at home, and else had he bin putte in the handles of them
with whome he should not haue founde the like favour.
The Bithoppe righte humblye thanked hym, and sayde in
god faith my Lord, I loue not to talke much of Princes, as
a thing not all out of perill, thonghe the wozde he wythout
faulte, so as muche as it shall not be taken as the parte
meante it, but as it pleaseth the Prince to conkrue it. And
euer I thinke on Elops fale, that when the Lion hadde p[ro]
clapmed, that on payne of death, there should none hozned
beast abide in that wod:one that had in his foode a bunch
of fleth,fled away a great pace.The Fore that saw him run
so fall, asked him whether he made all that hafte : And his
answered, In kayth I neuer wole, no recke, so I wer once
hence,

Richard the thirde.

hence, bicause of thys proclamation made of horned beasts.
That foule quoth the Fore, thou mayst abyde wel ynough,
the Lion meant not by thê, soz it is none hozne that is in
thine heade. Po marry (quoth hee) that wote I wel ynough.
But what and he call it an hozne, where am I then ? The
Duke laughed merily at the tale, and said, By L. I warrast
you, neyther the Lio nor the Boze shall pike any matter at
any thing here spoken, soz it thal neuer come to their eares.
In good faith Sir sayde the Bischop if it did, the thing that I
was about to say, taken as well (as afoze God, I meant) it
coulde deferue but thankes. And yet taken as I wæne it
woulde, might happen to turne me to little good, and you
to lester. Then longed the Duke yet muche more to
witte what it was, wherebpon the Bischoppe saide, in good
faith my Lôrd, as soz the late Protector, sithe he is now Lîng
in possession, I purpose not to dispute his title, but soz the
weale of this Realme, whereof his grace hath now the go-
uernaunce, and wherof I am my selfe one power member, I
was about to wiche, that to thole good abilities whereof he
hath alredy righte man, little needing my prayse: it might
yet haue pleased God, soz the better kozze, to haue giuen
him some of such other excellente vertues, mæte soz the rule
of a realme, as our Lôrd hath planted in the person of your
grace: and there left againe.

The Duke somewhat maruapling at hys sodayne
pauses, saide my Lozde I note your often breathing and
sodayne stoppyng in your communication, so that to my
intelligence, your wordes neyther come to anye perfecte
sentence, whereby eyther I mighte haue knowledge what
your entente is nowe towarde the Lîng, or what affe-
tion you beare towarde me. For the comparison of good
qualities ascribed to vs both, maketh me not a little to
muse thinking & you haue some other priuie imagination,
imprinted in your hearte, which you be abashed to disclose,
and especially to me, which on my hono'r do assure you to be
as secrete in this case as the deafe and dome. The Bypchop

Egg.ij.

being

This that fol
loveth is as
bridged out of
Edvard Hall.

Richard the third

being somewhat bolder, considering the Dukes promise,
but moste of all animated, because he knewe the Duke des-
rous to be magnified, and also he percepued the inward
hatred whiche he bare towarde King Richard, hée opened
hys stomake to the botome, and saide, my singular god
Lozde, fifth the tyme of my captivity, whyche beeing in
your Graces custody, I maye rather call it a libertie, then
a straight imprisonment, in auoyding of piouselle mother
of all byces, in reading Bokes and ancient Pamphlets, I
haue founde this sentence written, that no manne is boze
free and at libertie of himselfe onely, so one part of duty
oweth to his parents, an other parte to his friends and kind-
folkes: but the native countrey, in the which he firste taffed
this pleasaunte and flattering Lozde, demaundeth a debte
not to be forgotten, whyche saying causeth me to consider in
what case this realme my native countrey nowe standeth,
and in what effect and alluraunce befoze this time it bathe
continued: what government we now haue, and what ruler we
might haue, so I plainely perceive (the Realme being in
this case) must needs decay, so be brought to confuïo: but one
hope I haue, that is, whé I consider your noble personage,
your iustice and indifferencie, your fervent zeale and ardent
loue toward your naturall country, so in like maner the loue
of your countrey toward you, the great learning, pregnant
witte, so eloquence, which so much doth abounde in your per-
son, I muste nædes thinke this realme koztimate, whyche
bathe such a Prince in knoze, mæte and apt to be gouvern.
But on the other side, when I call to memorie the god qua-
lities of the late Protector, and nowe called King, so viola-
ted by tyranny, so altred by usurped authority, so clouded by
blinde ambition, I muste nædes say, that he is neither mæte
to be King of so noble a realme, no so famous a realme
mæte to be governed by such a tyrant: Was not his first
entertainment to obtaine the Crowne begunne, by the further
of dyuers noble personages? Did he not secondarily proceed
againste his owne naturall mother, declaring his openlie

Richard the thirde.

to be a woman ginen to carnall affection, and diffoulute ly-
ing, declaring furthermoze hys two bethren, and two
nephewes, to be Walfardes, and to be bozne in aduoutrey,
yet not contented, after he had obtapned the earlande hæ
caused the two poze innocents his nephe wes committed to
him, to be thamefully murthered, the blonde of whiche lit-
tle babes daply cry to God, from the earth for vengeaunce,
what suretie shall be in this realme to any person, eyther
for like or goodes under suche a cruell Prince, whych regar-
deth not the destruacion of his owne bloud, & then the lesse,
the lolle of other : but nowe to conclude what I meane to-
ward your noble person, I say, & affirme, if you loue God,
your linage, or your native country, you must your selfe take
upon you ſt Crowne of this Realme, both for maintaininge
of the honour of the fame, as also for the deliveraunce of
your natural Countreymé from the bondage of such a Ty-
rante. And if your selfe will refuse to take upon you ſt Crowne
of this Realme. The I adiure you by the faith of you owe to
God, to deuise some way how this realme may be brought
to some convenient regiment, under some good gouernour,
wher the B. had ended his saying, the D. lighed, & spake not
of a gret while, so ſt night they comoned no moze. The next
daye the Duke sent for the B. vnto whom he sayd, my L. of
Ely I must needs in hart thinke, and with mouth confesse,
that you be a sure friende, a truffie counsylour and a verye
louer of your Countrey. And if at our last communicatió,
you haue disclosed the secrets of your hart, touching ſt new
blurper of the Crowne, and also haue a little touched the
auauncement of the two noble families of Yorke and Lanca-
Ster, I chal likewise declare vnto you my private entents and
secrete cogitations', and to beginne, when King Edwarde
was deceased, I then beganne to studye and with delibe-
ration to ponder in what maner this realme should be go-
uerned. I perswaded wyth my selfe to take part wyth the
Duke of Gloceſter, whom I thought to be as cleane without
diffimulation, as trackable without iniurie, and so by my
Egg. if. meanes

Richard the third.

means he was made Protector both of the king and realm,
whiche autoritie being once gotten, he neuer ceased prin-
ly to require me & other Lords, as wel spirituall as tempo-
rall, that he might take vppon hym the Crowne, till the
Prince came to the age of xxity, yeares, and were able to go-
uerne the realme as a sufficient king, which thing, when he
law me somewhat sticke at, he then brought in instruments,
autentike Doctors, Doctors, and notaries of the law, with
depositions of diuers witnesses, testifying King Edwardes
children to be ballards, whiche deposition then I thought
to be as true, as nowe I knowe them to be kayned. When
the sayde deposition were before vs read and diligently
hearde, he сковode vppe bare headed, saying: Warrant my Loz-
des, euen as I and you would, that my nephewes should
haue no wong: so I praye you do me nothing but right,
for these witnesses and sayings of famous Doctors
be true: for I am onelye the undubitate hevye to Ri-
CHARGE PLANTAGENET Duke of Yorke, ad-
tudged to be the verpe heire to the Crowne of this realme,
by autoritie of Parliament. With hyche thynges, so by
learned men for veritie to vs declared, caused me and other
to take him for our lawful & undoubted Prince and Sone-
traigne Lorde: so agayne by my aide, he of a Protector was
made a King, but when he was once crowned King, and,
in full possession of the realme, he caste alwaye his olde con-
ditions. For, when I my selfe sued to him for my parte of
the Earle of Herefords landes, which his brother Lyng Ed-
ward wongfully detained from me, and also recupred to
haue the office of the highe Conestableship of Englande, as do-
uers of my noble auncellours before this time haue hadde,
and in long descent continued, in this my firſt fute, he did
not only firſt delay me, and afterward deny me, but gane
me ſuche vnkind words, as though I had neuer furthered
him al which I suffered pacietyl, but whel I was inſormed of
the death of the two pong innocentes, D. Lord my heart in-
wardly.

Richard the thirde.

Wardly grudged, in so much that I abhozred y light of him.
I toke my leane of the Court, and returned to Brecknocke to
you, but in the journey as I returned, I had diuerse imagi-
natiòs how to deprive this banatural vntle. First I fantised
y if I lift to take upon me the Crowne, now was the way
made playne, and occasion given. For I sawe he was dyb-
dayned of the Lords tempozall, and accursed, of the Lozdes
spiritual. After diuerse cogitations of this matter, As I rode
betwæne Worcester and Bridgenorth, I encountered with the
Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmonde, now wife to y Lord
Stanley, which is the very daughter and sole heire, to John
Duke of Somerset my grandfathers elder brother: so that the
and hir sonne the Earle of Richmonde, be both betwæne me &
the gate, to enter into the Maiestie ropall, and getting of the
Crowne: and when we had a little comoned, concernyng
hir sonne, and were departed: I then beganne to dispute w
my selfe, whether I were best to take upon me, by the electi-
on of the nobilitie and communaltie, or to take it by power.
thus standing in y wauering ambiguitie, I considered first,
y office, dutie, and pain of a King, which surelý I think that
no mortall men can tufftlye, and truely obserue, excepte hée
hée elected by G D as King David was: but further I
remembred that if I once toke on me the gouernaunce of
the Realme: the daughters of King Edwarde and
theyz Allices, being bothe for hys sake muche beloved,
and also for the greate iniurye done to them muche
pyfied, woulde neuer cease to barke at the one syde
of mée. Semiblabye my cosin the Earle of Riche-
monde hys aydes, and kinsfolke, wyll surely attempte
epther to byte or to pierse mée on the other syde, so
that my life and rule shoulde euer hang onquiet in
doubte of death, the or deposition. And if the syde two ly-
nages of Torke and Lancaster, shoulde iopne in one as-
gainfte mée, then were I surely matched. Wherefore
I haue clérelye determyned vitterlye to relinquish the all
Egg.iij.
imagina

Richard the thide.

imaginations concerning the obtayning of the Croome:
For as I told you, the Countesse of Richmond, in my returne
from the newe named King, meeting me in the high wape,
prayed me first for kinred sake, secondly for the love I bare
to my grandfather Duke Humfrey, whiche was two ne
brother to his father, to move the King to be good to his son,
Henrie Carle of Richmonde, and to license him with his fa-
nour to returne againe into England, and if it were his plea-
sure so to doe, the promised that the Carle his sonne should
marrie one of king Edwards daughters at the appointment
of the King, without any thing demaunded for the sayde
espousalles, but only the Kings fauoure, whiche request I
sone ouer passed and departed, but after seruice I called to
memorie moze of that matter, I am bente, that the Carle
of Richmonde heire of the house of Lancaster, shall take to wife
Lady Elizabeth eldest daughter to R. Edwarde, by the which
marriage both the houses of Yorke and Lancaster, mape be b-
nite in one: when the Duke had sayde, the Bishop Morton,
whiche fauoured euer the house of Lancaster, was wonder-
rous iopfull, for all his imagination tended to this effecte,
and least the Dukes courage should ege or his minde
alter, he sayde to the Duke my Lord of Buckingham, little
by Gods provision, and your incoparable wisedome, this
noble coniunction is first moned, it is neceffarie to consider
what persons we shall first make private of this politike
conclusion, by my troth quoth the Duke, we will beginne
wyth my Ladye of Richmonde the Carles mother, whiche
knoweth where he is in Brytaine, sith you will begin that
wape (sayde the Bythoppe) I have an olde friende wyth
the Countesse, called Reignalde Bray, for whom I shall feno
if it be your pleasure: so the Bythoppe wrothe for him to
come to Breckenocke, who streight came backe with the meb
fenger, where the Duke and Bythoppe declared what they
hadde deuised for the prefermente of the Carle of Richmonde
sonne to his Ladye and Maistresse: willyng his firste
to compasse holwe to obtayne the good wyll of Duane

Elizabeth

Richard the thirde.

Elizabeth, and also of his eldest daughter: and after secretly
to send to his sonne into Britaine to declare what highe ho-
nour, was prepared for him, if he would weare to marrie
the Lady Elizabeth as sonne as he was King of the Realme.
Reynold Bray with a glad heart returned to the Countesse
his Ladie. When Bray was gone, the Wyschoppe tolde the
Duke that if he were in his Isle of Elie, he could make many
friendes to further their enterprize. The Duke knewe this
to be true, but yet lothe to lose the companie of such a coun-
seller, gaue the Wyschoppe sayze words, saying he shoulde
thoatly departe well accompanied for seare of enemies, but
the Bishop of the Dukes company were assembled, secretly
disguised, in a night departed, and came to Elie, where he
founde monep and friendes, and so sayled into Flaunders,
where he did the Earle of Richmond good seruice, when Rey-
nold Bray, had declared his message to the Countesse no
marualle if she were glad, wherefore she deuised a meane
how to breake this matter to Quene Elizabeth then being
in Sanctuarie at Westminster. And having in his family a
certapne Welchman called Lewe learned in Phisicke, nowe
having opportunitie to breake his minde unto him, decla-
red that the time was come that his sonne should be iopned
in marriage with Ladye Elizabeth daughter and hepze to
King Edward: and that King Richard shoulde out of all ho-
nour and effate be detected: and required him to goe to
Quene Elizabeth, not as a messenger, but as one that came
friendly to his seife, and as tyme and place should serue, to
make his priuie of this deuise. This Phisition with good di-
ligence repayd to the Quene, and when he saw tyme con-
uenient, he said unto him: Madame although my imagina-
tion be verpe simple, yet for the entire affection I beare to
you and to your children, I am so bolde to bette unto you a
secrete conceit that I haue compassed in my bayne. When
I remember the great loffe that you haue suffered by the
death of your louing husband, and the great sozom that you
haue suffered by the cruell murther of your innocent chyl-


Egg. v.

dren:

Richard the third.

dien. I can no lesse doe that daylve Studie howe to bring
your heart to comforTE, and also to reuenge the quarrell of
you and your chilzen on that cruell fyzaunt King Richard.
And first consider what battaple and what miehiese hath
risen by the dissention betwene the two houses of Yorke and
Lancaster, which two families if they may be iopned in one,
I doubt not but your line shall be againe restored, to your
great ioye and comforTE. You knowe Madame that of the
house of Lancaster, the Earle of Richmond is nexte of bloud,
and to the house of Yorke your daughters nowe are hepes.
If ye couldc inuent the meane howe to couple your eldest
daughter with the Earle of Richmond in matrimonie, no
doubt but the burper should be shortly deposed, and your
heire agayne to his ryght restored. When the Queene had
heard thys friendly motion, shee instantly besought hym
that as he had beene the first inuenter of so good an enter-
prise, that now he would not desist to follow the same, require
ing him further, that he would restore to the Countesse of
Richemond mother so the Earle Henrie, and to declare to him
on the Queenes behalfe, that all the friendes of King Ed-
warde his husband, should affixt and take part with the Earle
of Richemond his sonne, so that he would take an othe that
after the Kingdome obteyned, to espouse the Lady Eliza-
beth his daughter, etc. After Lewes so expedde his bufsesse
that he made a finall end of this bufsesse betwene the two
mothers: so the Ladpe Margaret Countesse of Richemond
brought to a good hope of the preferment of his sonne, made
Reynold Bray chiese solicitor of this conspiracie, geuyng
hym in charge secretely to inuegle suche persons of secre-
tie to iopne wyth him and take his parte as he knewe to be
kaythfull.

This Reynold Bray within seve dapes broughte to his
lure, fir Gyles Daubeney, fir John Cheinie, Richard Guilford
and Thomas Rame Esquiers & others. In the meane season
the Countesse of Richemond sent Christopher Vrvwike into
Britaine to the Earle of Richmond, to declare to him all agré-
mentes

Richard the third.

mentes betwene hir to the Quene agréd: but the remem-
bizing that the Duke of *Buckingham* was one of the first in-
uentors of this enterprise sent Hugh Conway Elquier into
*Britaine* with a great sum of money to hir sonne, giuping him
in charge to declare to the Earle the great loue that he molte
part of the nobilitie of the Realme bare toward him, wyp-
ling him not to neglect so good an occasion offered, but with
all spæde to settle his minde how to returne into *Englande*,
giving him Counsell to take land in *Wales*. When he Earle
had receyued this toypull message, he brake to the Duke of
*Britayne* all his secretes, aduertising hym that he was ente-
red into a sure and stedfast hope to obtayne the Crowne of
*England*, desiring hym of helpe towarde the atchieuing of his
enterprise, which the Duke promised and after perfozmod.
Waherbpon the Earle sent into *England* Hugh Conway, and
Thomas Ram, to declare his comming shortly into *England*.
In the meane season the chiefe of the conspiracie in *England*
beganne many enterprises, which beþng neuer so priuely
handled, yet knowledge thereof came to Lyng Richard, and
because he knewe the Duke of *Buckingham* to be the chiefe
heade and ayde of this commination, he thought it molte
necessarie to plucke hym from that parte, wherebpon he a-
dressed his louing letters to the Duke to erhozte the Duke
to come to the Courte: but the Duke required the Lyng to
pardon hym, excusing himselve that he was not well. King
Richard not content wyth this excuse, directed to the Duke
other letters wyth checkyng words commanding hym
wythout delape to repapre to hys presence. The Duke
made to the messenger a determinate aunswere, that he
woulde not come to his moztall enempe: and immediate-
lye, prepared warre agaynste hym, and by this meanes,
Thomas Marques Dorset came out of Sancturie, gathered
a great bande of men in *Yorke shire*, to Edward Court-
ney and Peter his brother, Bythoppe of Excester, raped an
esther armie in *Devonshire* and *Cornwall*.

In

Richard the third.

844

In Kent his Richard Gilforde and other gentlemen rayled a
companie. But King Richard in the meane tyme had got
ten together a great strength, with whom he remoued from
London towarde Salisburie, to the entent he myght set on the
Dukes arnp, the King was scarce two dapes journey from
Salisburie: when the Duke of Buckingham accompanied with
a great powre of wilde Welchmen which in the ende sofwike
him. The Duke with his powre marched through the fo
rest of Dene intending to haue passed the rpuer of Seuerne at
Glocester, and there to haue iopned in armie with the Cour-
neys & other Westerne men, which if he had done no doubte
but King Richard had bæne in great ieoperdie. But before
he could attayne to Seuerne Spde, by force of continuall raine
the river rose so high that it overflowed all the countrey ad-
toyning, which rage of water lapsed. After dayes, by which in
undacie, the passages were so closed that neپther § Duke
could come ouer Seuerne to his complices, nor they to hym,
during which time the Welchmen lyngering ydle and wyth
out monep or victuall, sodainly scaled and departed. The
Duke thus left almost alone, was of necessitie compelled
to flie, and conueped himselse into the house of Humfrey Ba-
nifter his seruant beside Shrewsburie, whom he had tender
ly brought up, which wher it was knowne to his adherents,
euer man shifted so himselse and fled. And some of them
sapled into Britaine, among the which, were Peter Courtney
Byhop of Excester, and his Edward Courtney his brother,
Thomas Marques Dorset, John Lord Welles, his John Bour-
chier, his Edmond Woodvile brother to Duène Elizabeth,
his Robert Willoughbie, his Gyles Daubrey, his Thomas
Arundale, his John Cheynie and his two brethren, his Will-
am Barkerley, his William Brande and Thomas his brother,
his Richard Edgecombe, and John Halwell, Edwarde Pow-
nyngs, &c. Proclamation was made and a thousande pound
promised to who so could bring out the Duke of Bucking-
ham, whereupon Humfrey Banifter bezaped his guest and
maister to John Mitton then Sherike of Shropshire, whiche
with

Richard the thirde.

with a stronge powre apprehended the Duke in a little
groue adiopning to the manors of Humfrey Banister,and in
great halle conueped him to the Citie of Salisburie, where
King Richard than kept his housholde. This Banister af-
ter he had betrayed his mailfer,his sonne and heire waned
mad and dyed in a Bozes eye, his eldest daughter was so-
dainely striken with a foule leperie, his seconde sonne mar-
uellously deforzmed of his lymmes and made lame, his pon-
ger sonne in a small puddle was drowned, and he himselfe
being of extreme age arraygned and found guiltie of a mur-
ther and by his clergie sauen. And as for his thousande
pounde, King Richarde gave him not one farthing, saying
that he which woulde be untrue to so good a mailfer, would
be false to all other.

The Duke after he had confessed all the whole conspira-
tie upon the second of November without araintement of
judgement was at Salisburie beheaded.

Whilest these things were thus handled in England, Hen-
ricie Earle of Richmond prepared an armie of five thousand
Britons, and softe wel furnished chippes. When al thyngs
were prepared, and the day of setting forward was appopn-
fed, which was the day of October, the whole armie hopted
up sayles and toke the sea, but toward night the wind tur-
ned and so huge a tempest arose that the chips were disper-
sed a sunder : some diuuen into Normandie, some againe in-
to Britaine. In the morning after when the tempest was af-
swaged, the Earle appoched to the South parte of England,
at the mouth of the Hauen of Pole in Dorcet, where he might
see all the bankes full of men of warre, appopnted to defend
his arriuall, wherfore he gaue charge that no man thoulde
lande, until such tyme as the whole Paule were assembled,
but after that he percepued none of his chips to appeare, he
hopted vp Ankers and away, where he arrined safe in Nor-
mandie, and returned by lande into Britaine, where he was
sone aduertised that the Duke of Buckingham had loffe his
head, and that the Parques Dorcet and a great number of
noble

Banister that he
trayed his] mai-
fer miserably
plagued, let the
like traitors
looke for the
like or vvorfe
to them and
theirs, vithout
speedie repen-
tance.

Duke of Buc-
kingham be,
headed.

846

Richard the third.

Poble men of England had a little before enquired for hym
there.

In the meane season King Richarde apprehended in de-
uers partes of this Realme certaine Gentlemen of his
Earle of Richmondes faction, amongst whom his George Browne his
Roger Clifford, and others, other were put to death at London
after December. Sir Thomas Sentlegar which had married
the Duches of Excester the Kings owne sister and T. Rame
with diuers other were executed at Excester.

The xxx. of December was a great fire at Leaden hall in
London, where through was brent much housing and all the
stocks of gunnes & other like provision belonging to the city.

Fire at Leaden
hall in London.

1484

After this King Richard called a Parliament, in which
he attainted the Earle of Richmond, and all other persons,
which were fled out of the Realme for fear, or any other
cause as enempes to him and to their natural country, and
all their landes and goods was confiscte to the Kings dfe,
and yet notwithstanding he laid on the people a great taxe.
In this troublesome season, nothing was moze maruelled
at than that the Lozde Stanley had not bene taken, confide-
ring the working of the Lady Margaret his wyfe mother to
the Earle of Richmond, but for as muche as the enterprize
of a woman was of hym reputed of no regarde, or estimati-
on, and that the Lozde Stanley his husband had purged hym
selse to be innocent of all attempts by his committed, it
was giuen him in charge to keepe hir in some secrete place
at home, without hauing any feruaunt or company, so that
from thence forth she thoulde neuer send letter to hir sonne
or to any of his friendes, by the which the Kyng myghte be
molested, which commaundement was a whyle put in exre-
cution.

Anno. reg. 2.

This pere King Richard began the high towre at West-
minister, which remaineth yet unfinished. Also he caused the
body of King Henry the first to be removed from Chertesey
Abbey in Surrey, and to be buried at Windsor, where he nowe
resteth, on the xy. of Auguſt.

K. Henry the
ſixt removed to
W. Windsor.

Richard

Richard the thirde.

Richard Chefter : Thomas Britaine the 28. of September. Sherifes.
Ralph Auftry the 6.of Februarie.

Tho. Hill Grocer the 28. of October. W. Stocker draper the Maiors.

24.of Sep.in anno.1485.John ward grocer the 29.of Sep.

William Collingborne made a Ryme of. it. of King Colingborne
Richards Coustellers, the Lord Louell, Sir Richard Ratcliffe,
and Sir William Catesby which was : executed.

The Ratte the Catte and Louell our dogge,
Rule all England vnder the hogge.

For the which he was drawne from Westmin. to the Towne
of London and there on y hyll hanged, headed & quartered.

King Richard considering y amities concluded betwene
princes are the cause that their Realmes are sozified with
a double power, that is to say, with their owne strength, &
the ayde of their friendes, practised a league with the King
of Scots, which not long before had made diuers incursions
& roades into the Realme of Englande, and therefore sued to
have a truce of peace concluded. Wherfore Commissioners
were appointed which met at Notingham, & there in the end
concluded for the peace of the Kingdom.

This peace thus concluded, King Richard nowe doubting
his owne people, was continually dered with feare of the
returne of the Earls of Richmond and his complices. Wher-
fore, nothing was for his purpose more then once agayne
with price & prayer, to attempt the duke of Britaine in whose
territoie y Erle then abode, to deliuer him into his hands,
wherfore incontinent he sent certaine Ambassadors to the
Duke of Britaine, which take upon them that King Richard
thoulde perelp pay and aunswere the Duke of Britaine of al
the reuencewes, rentes and rozities of the landes & posseffi-
ons as well belonging to the Earle of Richmond, as to any o-
ther noble or gentlemã which then were in the Erles com-
panie, if he after that time would keepe them in continuall
prison and reekrayne them from libertie. The orators fur-
nished with these & other instructions arived in Britaine but
could not speake without the duke, by reason y he being weakned
by

Truce vvit.  
Scotland for  
three yeres.

by

847

48

Richard the third.

by a long and naply infirmitie, began to ware vpde of his re-
membraunce, foz Iwhiche cause Peter Landoyc his chaste
Treasurer,ruled all things at his pleasure,vnto whom the
English Ambassador's moued to him their message,offering
to him the same rewardes and lands that they should have
offered the Duke.This Peter faythfully promisèd to accom-
plishe King Richardes request, so that he kept p[ro]mise wyth
him, but foztune was so fauourable to the publike Weale of
England,that this deadly compact towke none effect, fo[ur] John
Morton Bythop of Elie fojourning then in Flaunders, was of
al this craftie deuise certified: wherfoze he sent Christopher
Vrswike, to declare to the Earle of Richmond all the decept,
giving him charge in all half possible with his company to
retire out of Britaine into Fraunce. When these newes came
to the Earle, he incontinent sent to Charles the French king
requiring that he and his myght safely passe into Fraunce,
which desire was graunted, and the Earle with the rest did
patched as priuily as mought be into Fraunce, no man sul-
specting their departure. After this, the Earle towke his tour-
ney to Charles the Frenche King, to whô after great thanks
given, he disclosed the occasion of his accesse to his person.
After that he required of him helpe and succour, to the in-
tent he myghte returne to the Nobilitie of his Realme, of
whô he was generally called to take vp[on] him the Crowne.
King Charles p[ro]nプsed him ayde, and bad hym be of god
comfozte, fo[ur] he assured him that he woulde gladly thewe to
him his bountifull liberalitie. Whiles the Earle of Riche-
mond thus attended on the Frenche Court, John Vere Earle
of Oxforde so perswaded James Blonte Captaine of Hames
Castle, and fir John Forteskewe Po[ster] of the Towne of
Calleis that he him felfe was not only set at libertie, but they
also leauing their fruitfull offices condeſtended to goe with
him into Fraunce to the Earle of Richmond.

In the meane ſeason King Richard was credibly aduer-
tified what p[ro]prises and othes the Earle and his confede-
rates had made and tworne, and how by the C[er]les meanes,
all

1485

Richard the third.

all the English men were passed out of Britaine into Fraunce.
Wherefore being in manner desperate, imagining howe to
infringe the Earles purpose by an other meane, so that by
the marriage of Lady Elizabeth his niece, he should pretend
no clayne to the Crowne, there came to his minde a thing
not onely detestable, but much more cruell to be put in ex-
ecution, so he clereлыe determined to reconcile to his fa-
nour his brothers wife Quene Elizabeth, and so by that
meanes the Earle of Richemond, of the affinitie of his Pite
thoude bée utterly defrauded, and if no ingenious reme-
die coulde bée otherwyse invented, if it should happen
Quene Anne hys wyfe to departe out of this worlde, then
he himselfe would rather take to wyse hys cosin and Pice
the Ladye Elizabeth, than so lacke of that affinitie the
Whole Realme thoude runne to ruyne. Wherefore hée
sent to the Quene being in Sanctuary, diuers and often
messengers whiche thoude excuse hym of all things be-
foze agaynst him attempted, and after thoude so largelye
pnomyse pnomotions, not onely to him but to him Sonne
Thomas Marques Dorfet, that they should bryng him (if
it were possible) into some wan hope. The Messengers
so perswaded the Quene, that shee beganne somewhat to
relent, in so muche that shee faythfully pnomyed to yelde
him selfe to the Kyngs wyll and pleasure. And so shee
first delvered up to Kyng Richardes handles his spue
daughters. Afterward shee sent letters to the Marques
him Sonne being then at Paris wyth the Earle of Riche-
mond, wylling hym in any wyse to repayre into Englande,
where so him were promised great honours, affertayning
him that all offences on both parties were forgiuen and
forgotten: After that King Richarde hadde thus pleased
the mutable mynde of Quene Elizabeth, he caused all his
daughters to bée conueped into his Palace with solempne
recepving. Nowe nothing was contrarie to his purpose,
but that his manors was not boyde of a wyse: and first
he abtayned both from the bedde and companye of hys
Hhh.

Wpke.

850

Richard the third.

wyfe: after, he complayned to many of the infoztunate bar-
rennesse of his wife. After this, he procured a common ru-
moz to be published among the common people, that the
Quæne was dead. When the Quæn heard tell that so hoz-
rible a rumoz of hir death was spzong among the commu-
naltie, the soze suspected the woold to be almost at an ende
with hir, and not long after, howsoever it soztuned, the
Quæne departed out of this life, and was with due solem-
nitie buryed at Westminstër.

The King thus losed out of the bonds of Patrimony,
began so caff a fancie to Lady Elizabeth hys Péece, making
much suite to haue hir iopned with him in lawsfull Patri-
monie: but bycause all men, and the Mayden hir selfe moft
of all detested thys onlawsfull copulation, he determined
to deferre the matter till he were in a more quiet case, for
all thys season he was oppressed with weighty affayres on
euer spde, considering that dayly parte of the Mobilitie
sayled into France, other pruily fauoured the Earle of
Richmond, amongst the noble men whome hee most suspe-
cted, these were the principall, Thomas Lozde Stanley,
Sir Wyllyam Stanley hys brother, Gilbert Talbot, and
fire hundred other, of whose purpose, though King Richard
were ignozant, yet he gane no credence to any one of them,
and least of all to the Lord Stanley, bycause he was iopned
in Patrimonie wyth the Lady Margaret, mother to the
Earle of Richmond, for when the sayde Lozde Stanley would
haue departed into hys Countrey, the King in no wyfe
woulde suffer hym to departe, bezoze he had lefte as in ho-
flage in the Courte George Stanley, Lord Strange, his first
begotten sonne and heire.

Whyle Upng Richarde was thus troubled, sodeynely
hée hearde nelwes that the Cattell of Hames was delyue-
red into the handles of the Earle of Richmonde, by the
meanes of the Earle of Oxford, and that not onely he, but
also Iames Blunt, Captayne of the Cattell, were fledde in
to France, to apde the Earle of Richmond.

Henry

Annoreg. 3.

Richard the thirde.

Henry Earle of Richmond obteyning of King Charles a small crue of men, and borowing certayne summes of money of hym, and of dyuers other hys private friendes, hée departed from the French Court, and came to the Citie of Rouyne. Whyle he taryed there, making prouision at Harefleete, in the mouth of the River of Seyne, for all things necessary for hys Pauye, tydings were broughte to hym, that Kyng Richarde bëyng wythout Children, and a Widoower, intended thortly to marrie wyth Lady Elizabeth, hys brothers daughter, whyche newes, hée toke of no small momente, for hys thyng onely toke away from all hys companions, they hope to obteyne an happye enterprize, by reason whereof, hée judged that all hys friendes in Englande woulde thinke from him, yet notwithstanding, Earle Henry of Richmonde, by cause he woulde no longer linger and wærie hys friendes, lyuing betwene hope and keare, determined in all hault consequent to sette for warde, and carped to hys Shippes armour, weapons, bit-tayle, and all other ordinances erpedient for warre, which bëyng done, onely accompanied wyth two thousande men, and a small number of Shyppes, weped vp hys Ancients, and in the kalendes of August, hée sayled from Harefleete wyth so prouerous a wynde, that the seauenth day after hée arrıuèd in Wales in the euening, at a Port called Milford Hauen, and incontinentè toke lande, and came to a place called Dale, and at the Sunne rising, remoued to Hereford Walest, where he was receyued of the people wyth great iop.

Henry Earle of
Richmond, lan-
ded at Milford
Hauen.

From thence, he remoued to Cardigan, five mile from Hereford Walest, whether came to the Earle Richard Griffith with all his men and power. After him the same day came John Morgan wyth hys men. Then the Earle advanced for warde, making no abode in any place, and sodechnly hée was ascertapned that Sir Walter Harbert, and Rice appe Thomas, were in barnesse before hym, readye to encounter wyth hys Armye, and to stoppe theyn passage, Uhh.ty? Where?

852

Richard the third.

Wherefore he first determined to set upon them, and after to destroye or to take them into his fauour, and after with all his power to gyue battayle to King Richarde. But to the intent his friendes shoulde knowe with what dertertie he attempted his enterprise so farre, he sent messengers with letters and instructions to the Ladye Margaret his mother, to the Lozde Stanley and his brother, to Talbot and to other, declaring to them, that he holpe with the ayde of his friendes, intended to paſſe ouer the river of Seuerne at Shrewſburie, and so to paſſe directly to the Citie of London, requiring them as his speciall trust was in the hope of their fidelitie, that they woulde mete him by the waye with all diligent preparation. When these messengers were depar ted, he marched forward towards Shrewſburie, in his paſſage there mete and saluted him. Rice, ap Thomas, with a goodly band of Welchmen, which submitted himselfe whole to his order and commandement. In the meane time the messengers laden with rewardes returned to him the same daye that he entred into Shrewſburie, and made relation to him that his friendes were readie in all points to do all things for him which they myghte doe. The Carle Henrie continued his journey and came to a little towne called Newporte, and pitched his campe on a little hill adioyping, reposing himselfe there that myghte. In the Euening of the same day came to him Sir George Talbot with the whole power of the young Carle of Shrewſburie, then beeing in warde, which were accounted of thousand men. And thus his power increasing he arriued at the Towne of Stafford, and there paused. To whom came Sir William Stanley accompanied with a ſelwes persons. After that the Carle de parted from thence to Lythfield and lay without the walles in campe all that night. The next morning he entred the towne and was lyke a Prince receiued. A day or two before the Lozde Stanley hauing in his band almost five thousand men, lodged in the same towne, but hearing of the Carle of Richemond was marching thetherward, gane to him place, diſlodging

Richard the thirde.

diluding him and his, and repaired to a towne called A-
drestone, there abiding the coming of ý Carle, and this he
did to auopde all suspition, being afraide least if he should be
ſene openly to be a fawtoz or ayder to the Carle his ſonne
in law before the day of battaple, that King Richard which
yet did not betterly put in him miſkruſt, woulde put to ſome
cruel death his ſonne ſ heire apparat George Lozd Strange,
whom King Richard had in hoffage. King Richard at this
ſeason keeping his house in the Castle of Notingham was in-
ſozmed that the Carle of Richmond with ſuch banifhed mea
as were ſled out of England to him, were arryued in Wales,
and that all things neceſſarie to his enterpſiſe were vnpur-
ueped and very weake, nothing meets to withſtande the po-
wer of ſuche as the King hadde appointed to reſuſt him, yet
notwithſtandyng he ſent to Iohn Duke of Norſtolke, Henrie
Carle of Northumberlande, Thomas Carle of Surrey, and
to other of hys truſſie friendes, willyng them to muſter
and vielde all theyp ſeruauntes and tenaunts, and to electe
the moſte couragious and active perſons of the whole num-
ber, and with them to repaire to his p[]esence with al ſp[]eede.
Also he w[]rote to Robert Brakenburie Lieutenaunt of ý To-
wer, commaundyng him with his power to come to his ar-
mie ſ to bring with him his ſellows in armes T. Bouchier,
and fir Walter Hungerford and diners other kniſhts ſ El-
quiers in whom he had callt no ſmall ſuspition. While he
was thus o[d]ring his affayzes, tidings came that the Carle
of Richmond was paſſed Seuerne, and come to Shrewſburie with
out any detriment or encomblaunce. At which m[]ellage he
was ſoze moued, and cryed out on them that contrarie to
their of[]the had deceyued him, and in all hafte ſent out to
vielde what way his enemyes kepte and paſſed : it was de-
clared to the king, that the Carle was encamped at ý towne
of Litchfield. W[]herof, w[h]e he had perfect kno[]wledge, he ha-
ui[]ng coſtinauall repayze of his ſubjects to him, he incoſtinent-
ly made his battaples to ſet ſo[]warde toward ý way where
his eni[]mies ( as was to him re[]port[]ed, ) intended to p[]aſſe,
Dhh. iy.

and

Richard the thirde.

and keeping his array, he with great pomp enfired his towne
of *Leyceſter* after the Sunne set. The Earle of *Richmond*
replied his Campe from *Lichfield* to *Tomworth*, and in the
midde way paſſing, there saluted him Sir Walter Hunger-
ford, and Sir Thomas Bourchier Knightes, and diuers o-
thers, which submitted themſelues to his pleasure. Diuers
other noble personages likewise resoſted to him with all
their power. There hapned in this progression to the Earle
of *Richmond* a ſtrange chance, for he was not a little aſtraſd,
because he could not be affured of his father in law Thomas
Lozd Stanley, whoche as yet enclypned to neyther partie,
wherefore the Earle, accompanied with twenty light hoſſe-
men, lingring in his journey behind his holt, in the meane
while, the whole armie came before the Towne of Tom-
worth, and when he foſ darkenſe coulde not perceyue the
ſteppes of them that paſſed on before, and had wandred hy-
ther and thither seeking after his companpe, he abode in a
little Village, about threes miles from his armie, where he
tarried all night. The next moſting in the dawning, he re-
turned, and by good ſoſtune came to his Armie, excuſing
himſelfe, not to haue gone out of his way by ignoſance, but
of purpose: this excuſe made, he priuily departed agayne to
the downe of *Aderſtone*, where the Lozd Stanley, and Sir
William his brother, with their bands, were abiding: then
the Earle came to his father in law, in a little Clole, where
he saluted him and Sir William his brother, and after con-
ſuſted how to giue battaple to King Richard, if he would a-
bide, whome they knew, not to be farre off with an huge ar-
mie. In the enening of the fame day, Sir John Sauage, Sir
Brian Sanford, Sir Simon Digby, and many other, leauing
King Richarde, turned, and came to the Earle of *Richmond*
with an elect company of men. In the meane ſeason, King
Richard marched to a place merte foſ two battaples to en-
counter, by a Village called *Bosworth*, not farre from *Leyce-
ſter*, and there he pitched his field, refreshed his Armie, and
toke his reſt. The next day after, King Richard being fur-
niſhed

Battayle at
Bosvworth.

Richard the thirde.

nished with men, and all abiliments of warre, bringing all
his men out of their Camp into ſ playne, ordered his foze-
warde in a maruellous length, in which he appoynted both
hoſſemen and ſotemen, and in the fozekfront he placed the
Archers.

Duer this battaple was Captayne John Duke of
Norffolke, with whome was Thomas Earle of Surrey hys
fonne. Aſter this long bauntgard followed King Richarde
with a krong company of appoyued men of warre, hauyng
hoſſemen for wings on both ſides of his battaple.

After that the Earle of Richmond was returned from the
communication wyth hys friendes, hée wyth all diligence
pitched hys Fielde inſt by the Campe of hys Enimies,
and there he lodged that nighe. In the morning betime,
he caused hys men to put on theyz armour, and appar-
rell themſelues to fight and gyue battaple, and ſente to
the Loſde Stanley, requiring hym wyth hys men to ap-
proche nère to hys armpe, and to helpe to ſet the Soul-
 dyers in array : he anſWERED, the Earle ſhoulde ſette hys
owne men in good order, whyle hée woulde come to hym in
ſyne conveniente . The Earle made hys foze warde
somewhat single and ſlender, according to the ſmall num-
ber of hys people. In the front hée placed the Archers,
of whome hée made Captayne John Earle of Oxfordc.
To the right wing of the Battaple he appoynted Sir Gil-
bert Talbot to be the leader. To the leſte wing he affig-
ned Sir John Sauedge, and hée wyth the apde of the Loſd
Stanley, accompanied wyth the Earle of Pembrooke, ha-
upng a good companpe of hoſſemen, and a ſmall num-
ber of ſotemenne, ſoz all hys whole number crcéded
not gyue thouſande menne, beſyde the power of the Stan-
leys, whereof thylée thouſand were in the ſielde vnder
Sir William Stanley. The Ryngs number was double
ſo much, or moze. When both these Armpes were thus
ordred, and all men ready to ſet ſo warde, King Richard
called hys Chieſetaynes togethier , perſwadyng them

Hhh, iijj.

to

356

Richard the third.

to be valiaunt, etc. But his people were to him vnkaythfull
in his ende, as he was to hys Nephewes, vntrue and vn-
naturall in his begynnng. When the Earle of Richmond
knewe that the King was so nere embattapled, he rode a-
boute hys armie giupng comfoztable wordes to all men,
after the whiche he made to them a pithie Diation, per-
wading them to haue the victozie, for that they were to
fyght in a iust quarrell, he had scantly finithed hys say-
ing, but the one armpe espied the other : betwene bothe
armpes there was a great marrilhe which the Earle lefte
on hys ryght hande, and so dopng, he hadde the Sunne at
hys backe, and in the face of hys enempes. When the
King gave the Carles companpe was palled the marrilhe,
he commaunded wyth all haffe to set vpon them : the ferri-
ble shotte on both sides palled, the armyes iopned and came
to hande itrokes, at whiche encounter the Lozde Stanley
iopned with the Earle.

The Earle of Oxford in the meane season fearing leaft
while his company was fighting, they should be compassed
of the enemies, gaue commaundement that no man should
go aboue. Aske frō the Standard, which commaundement
once knowne, they knit themselves together & ceased a little
frō fighting: the enemies sodainely abalhed at the matter.
& miltруking some fraude, began also to pause. The Earle
of Oxford bringing all his band together on the one part, set
on his enemies fresh ly; againe the aduersaries perceiving
that, placed their men slender and thinne before, and thicke
and broade behynde, begynnng agayne the battaple.
Whyple the two fize wardes thus moztally foughte, Lyng
Richarde was admonished that the Earle of Richmond ac-
companped wyth a small number of men of armes was not
farre of, and as he approched to hym, he perfectly knewe
hys personage, and bæping inflamed with yze, he put hys
spurres to hys horse and rode out of the side of the range of
his battaple, leaupng the bauntgardes fighting, and wyth
specare in wrezl ranne towarde him. The Earle percep-
ted

ued

Richard the thide.

ued well the King furiously comming towarde him, and
bycause the whole hope of his wealth and purpose was
to beë determined by battayle, he gladly ptofered to en-
counter with him body to body and man to man, King Ri-
charde set on so sharply at the first bunt, that he ouerthrew
the Earles standard, and flew fir William Brandon his kka-
derdbearer, and matched hand to hande with fir John Che-
ny, a man of great force and strength, which would haue re-
sisted him, and the Saide John was by him manfully over-
throwne, and so he making open passage by dint of twoode
as he went forward, the Earle of Richmond with his body
violence and kept him at the twoode point longer than his
companions thought, which being almoſt in dispaire of vi-
tozie were sovainelie recomfozted by fir William Stanley,
whiche came to succour with 3000. fall men, at which be-
ry inſkaunt, King Richards men were drieuen backe and fled,
and he himselfe manfully fighting in the middle of his eni-
mies was flaine. In the meane season the Earle of Oxforde,
with the ayde of the Lozde Stanley after no long fight diſco-
fited the foze ward of King Richarde, wherof a greate num-
ber were flaine in the chafe, but the greatest number y came
to the field neuer gaue froke. In this battaile died ſewe a-
boue the number of a M. persons, and of the ſobilitie were
flaine John Duke of Norffolke, Walter Lozde Ferrers of Chart-
ley, fir Richarde Ratcliffe, and Robert Brakenburie, liuetenäſt
of the Tower, and not many Gentlemen moe, fir William
Catesby, learned in the lawes of the Realme, and one of the
chieſe Counſellours to the late King, with diuerſe other
were two dayes after beheaded at Leicester. Amongst them
that ranne awaye were Spä Frauncis Vicount Louel and
Humfry Stafford with Thomas Stafford his brother, which
toke Sanctuary in Saint Johns at Gloceſter. On the Earle of
Richmonds part wer ſlayn ſcarce 100. persons, amongſt who
the principal was fir William Brandon his landarbearer.
This battel was fought at Boſworth in Leceſtershire, the 22.
of Auguſt, in the yeare of our Lozde. 1485. the whole conflict
indured.

Yhh. V.

indured

860

Henrie the Seuenth.

In the meane season the Kyng remoued towards London, and when he had approched the Citie, on the 27. of August, the Maior, magistrates, and companies, all clothed in violet, met him at Shoredich, and with great pompe conveMED him through the Citie to Saint Paules Church, where he offered his standards, one of Saint George, the Seconde a red Dragon, the thirde a dun Colwe; after his prayers saide and Te Deum sung, he departed to the Wihoppes Pallaice, where he sojourned a season.

The Sweating beganne the one and twentith of Sep-
tember, and continued till the ende of October : of which
ficknesse, a wonderfull number dyed, and in London beſids
other, dyed Thomas Maior, in whose place was choſen Wil-
liam Stocker, who likewise deceased about ſeauen daies af-
ter, in which ſpace departed other ſoure Aldermen, Thomas
Ilam, Richard Ramſon, Thomas Norland, and Iohn Stocker,
and then was choſen Maior, Iohn Warde, who continued
til the keaſt of Simon and Iude.

John Tate: John Swan, the 28. of September.

Sir Hugh Brice Goldsmith, the 28. of October.

On the euen of Sainte Simon and Iude king Henrie came
from Kenington his house, onto Lambeth, and there dyned w
Thomas Bourcher Archbithoppe of Canterbury, Cardinal of
Saint Ciria in Thermis. And after dinner with a goodwill com-
pany of the eſtates of this Realme both spirituall and tem-
poral, from thence wët to the Tower of London by land, w
uer London bridge, his nobles riding after the guife of Frace,
upon small Hackneys, two and two byppon a Hoſſe, and at
London Widge ende the Matoz of London with his breathen
and the Craftes, met and receyued the King, and the King
proueſed to Grace Church corner, and so to the Tower. On
the mozrowe being the keaſt dape of Simon and Iude, King
Henrie created Thomas Lord Stanley Earle of Darby, Ed-
warde Courtney Earle of Denonſhire, and Iasper Earle of
Penbroke, was created Duke of Bedforde, all at one time in
the Tower of London.

Sherifes.
Maior.

Dn

Henricethe Seuenth.

On the thirtith of October King Henricewas Crowned
at Westminster, and o'dayned a number of chosen Archers,
being strong and hardie persons, to giue daply attendaunce
on his Parson, whome he named Yeomen of the Guarde.
The seauenth of November beganne a Parliamente at

Westmin'ter, fo:z the establishing of all things, in the whiche
he caused to be proclaimed, that al men were pardoned of al
offences, and Thoulde be restored to their landes and goods,
which would submit themselues to his clemency. After this
he began to remember his especial friendes, of whom some
he aduanced to honoz and dignitie, and some he enriched
with posseffions and goods: and to beginne, the Lord Chan-
dew of Brytaine, he made Earle of Bath: fir Gyles Dawbeney
was made Lord Dawbeny: fir Robert Willoughby Lozde
Broke: and Edward Stafford eldelf sonne to Henrie late D.
of Buckingham, he restored to his dignitie and posseffions.
The Parliament being dissolued, the King redeemed the
Marques Dorfset, and fir Iohn Bourcher, whom he had left as
pledges at Paris, fo:z mony there befoze borrowed. And sent
also into Flaunders fo:z Iohn Morton Byshop of Ely.
The eighteenth dave of Januarie

The eighteenth dave of Januarie King Henricemarried
the Lady Elizabeth, eldelf daughter to Edward the fourth, by
whiche meanes the two families of Yorke and Lancafter,
which had long bene at great diviuion, were united in made
one.

King Henric sente the Lozde Treasurer with Maifter
Bray and other onto the Lozde Matoz of London, requiring
hym and the Citizens of a Prieſe of 6000. markes, where-
foze the Matoz with hys brieſhien and Commons graunted
a prieſt of two thouſand pound, which was levied of the co-
panies and not of the wards, which prieſt was repayzd a-
gaine in the peare next following.

Wheate was sold fo:z it. thillings the Wulhell and Bay
ſalt at the like price.

In the moneth of September Quæne Elizabeth was de-
t Kuiered of his first Son, named Arthur, at Winch ester.
Iohn.

361

1486

Loane to the
King.

Anno.reg.2.

Iohn.

Henrie the Seuenth.

John Percival! Hugh Clopton, the 28. of Septemb.
Sir Henry Collet Mercer, the 28. of Octob.

The beautifull Crotte in Cheape was newe builded, to-
warde the building whereof Thomas Fither Mercer, gaue
600. markes.

Sir Richard Simon, a wilp Prieke, came to Geralde erle
of Kildare, and Deputie of Irelande, and presented to hym a
lad his Scholler named Lambert, whom he fained to be e
sonne of George, duke of Clarence, lately escaped the Tower
of London. And the childe hadde learned of the Prieke, such
Princely behauour, that he lightly moued the Earle, and
manpe Nobles of Irelande, fendering the bloude royall of
Rycharde Plantagenet, and George his sonne, as also ma-
ligning the advancement of the house of Lancaster in Hen-
ry the Seauenth, eyther to thinke or make the world wene,
they thought verily this childe to be Edward Earle of War-
wicke, the Duke of Clarence lawfull sonne. And althoughe
King Henrie moze thá halfe marred their sport, in thewing
the right Earle thozowe all the kreatres of London, yet the
Lady Margaret Duthes of Burgoigne, sifter to Edwarde the
fourth, Iohn de la Poole hir nephewe, the Lorde Louell, fir
Thomas Broughton Knight, and other Capitaines of thys
conspiracy, devuised to abuse the colour of this yong Carles
name for preferring their purpose, which, if it came to good,
they agréed to depose Lambert, and to ereate the verpe Earle
in dæde, nolwe prisoner in the Tower : for whose quarrell,
had they pzetended to fight, they dæmed it likely, he should
haue bæne made awape : wherforze it was blazed in Ireland,
that the Kyng, to mocke his subiects, had scholed a boye to
take vpon him the Earle of Warwickes name, and had the-
wed hym aboute in London, to blind the eies of simple folke
and to defeate the lawfull inheritor of the Duke of Clarence
theyz Countrepman and Pzotectour during hys lyfe, to
whose lynage they also divided a tytle of the Crowne.

Au

Henrie the Seuenth.

In al þ halh they assemble at Dine line, and there in Christs Church, they crowned this Idoll, honouring him with tytles emperiall, feaking and triumphing, rearing mighty thowtes and cries, carping him thence to the Kings Casset Oppon tall mens shoulders, that he might be scene and noted, as he was surely an honourable boy to loke Oppon.

In thys meane tyme, the Earle of Lincoln, and the 102d
Louell, hadde gotten by the ayde of the Sapde Margaret, a-
boute 2000, Almaines with Martin Swart a Germaine, and
in martiall acres verpe erperte, to be their Capitaine, and
so sayling into Ireland, and at the Citie of Dinelin, cauſed
yong Lambert to bée proclaymed King of Englande, and so
with a greate multitude of Irishemen, of whomome Thomas
Gerardine was Capitaine, they failed into Englande wyth
the newe King, and landed at Fowdrey within a little of Lan-
caster, truſking there to be ayded with money by fir Tho-
mas Broughton, one of the chiefef of thys conspiracy.

Edward Hall.

Lyng Henrie not sléepping in his matters, when he had
gathered hys hoff together, ouer the whych, the Duke of
Bedforde, and the Earle of Oxforde were chieſe Capitaines,
he went to Couentrie, where he being certified, that the Erle
of Lincoln was landed at Lancaster with his newe King, he
remoured to Notingham, to whom thortly after came George
Talbot Earle of Shrewſburie, the Loode Straunge, fir Iohn
Cheyney, with manpe other.

In this space the Earle of Lincoln beypng entred into
Yorkſhire, directed his way to Newark Oppon Trent, and at
a little village called Stoke, thazee oz four miles from Newark,
nighe to the King and his armpe planted his Campe.

The nexte daye following, the king divided hys num-
ber into thazee battailes, and after approched nighe the towne
of Stoke, where bothe the armies iwyned and ſoughſe egre-
lype on bothe parties : but at the length the Lyngs
kore warde ſette Oppon the aduersaries, wyth ſuche a
violence, that they ſelwe manpe, and puſte the reſſe
to flighte. For there their chieſe Capitaines, the
Earle

864

HenricetheSeventh.

Earle of Lincoln, and the Lord Louel, Sir Thomas Brough-
ton, Martin Swart, and the lord Grardin, (or (after Champi-
on) Morise Fitz Thomas) Captaine of the Irishemen, were
flaine, and other aboue soure thousande. This battaile was
sought on the sixteenth of June: Lambert, and the prieft wer
both taken, to the no small grieſe of Margaret Dutcheſſe of
Burgoine.

Anno.reg. 3
Sherifes. ?
Maior. 5

John Fenkell: William Remington, the 28.of Septem-
Sir William Horne Salter, the 28.of October.

The rrp.of November, Quæn Elizabeth was Crowned
at Westminster.

In the moneth of July was a prieſe for the Kyng made
in the Citie of London, of ſoure thousande pounde, and thot-
ly after was an other prieſt of two thousande pounde, which
were both repayde againe in the nerte peare following.
These ſummes of monep, and manpe more were levied to
ayde the Archeduke of Burgoigne, agaynſte the Duke of
Brytaine.

Anno reg. 4.
Sherifes. ?
Maior. 5

William Isaac: Ralph Tinley, the 28.of September.
Robert Tate Mercer, the 28.of October.

A tafle of the tenth penny of all mens goods and landes
was graunted to King Henric, to ayde the Duke of Brytaine
againſt the French Kyng, through which tape for John Egrem-
mount, and John a Chamber, wyth the commoſs of 9 Moorth,
made an inſurrection, and flewe the Earle of Northumber-
lands and certaine of hys houyholde ſeruauntes, in a place
called Coke-lodge, by Thurske, eighſtene myles from Yorke, on
the eighte and twentith of Apzyll. Wherefore John A-
chamber was hanged at Yorke uppon a Gibbet ſette uppon
a ſoure ſquare Gallowes, and the other his accomplices
were hanged on the Gallowes round aboute him, but for
John Egremount fleuſe into Flaunders to the Lady Marga-
ret Dutches of Burgondie.

John Skelton.
1489

Anno reg. 5.

It was 92 dayned by Parliament, the Daioz of London to
have conſervation of the riner of Thomis, from the bridge of
Stanes, into the Waters of Yendale, and Medway.

William

Henrie the Seuenth.

William Capell: John Brooke, the 28. of September.

William White Draper, the 28. of October.

Roger Shaucloke a Taplour, within Ludgate of London,
being a man of greate wealth, slewe hymselfe, foz whose
godes was greate buffinesse and crife betwene the Kings
Almoner and the Sherifes of London: but in the ende, the
Almoner pzeuailed, and gaue to the widowe hir godes a-
gaine, upon condition, that the Thoulde marry with one of
his seruantes named William Flower.

Henry Coote: Robert Reuell, the 28. of September.

Hugh Pemberton, the 1. of February.

John Mathew Mercer, the 28. of October.

The twelfth of March, Sir Robert Chamberlaine knight,
was arraigned and adiudged at Stratforde of the Langthorne,
and after beheaded on the Tower hill.

King Henry required a benevolence, whych was gran-
ted towarde hys iourney into France. The Citizens of Lon-
don gaue toward this iourney. 9682.L. 17.s.4.d. to the whi-
che the summe many Aldermen gaue 200.L. the pæce, and some
of the meaner sozte 100.L. the reste the common people sup-
plied.

Henry the Kings second sonne, was bozne at Greenwich,
the two and twentith of June.

The Conduite in Grace-Streete, was begunne to bée buil-
ded by the executours of Sir Thomas Hill Grocer, late Pa-
tioz of London, of his godes.

Wheate was solde at London for twenty pence the bushel,
whiche was accompted a great dearth.

Thomas Wood: William Browne, the 28. of Septemb.

Hugh Clopton Mercer and Bacheler, the 28. of Octob.

This Hugh Clopton Payoz of London, and of the Staple, a
Gentleman, bozne at Clopton village, halse a mile from
Stratforde upon Auen by noth, continued during hys lyfe
a Bacheler: he builded the greate and sumptuous Bridge
of Stratforde upon Auen, at the Eaffe ende of the Towne:
thys Bridge bathe fourtene greate arches, and a long caw-

Jii.

sev.

365

Sherifes.

Maior.

1420

Anno. reg. 6.

Sherifes.

Maior.

1491

Henry the
kings son borne.

Anno. reg. 7.

Conduite in
Grace-Streete.

Dearth of corn.

Sherifes.

Maior.

1492

Henrie the Seventh.

fey with smaller Arches, all made of stone, ne we walled on
eche side at the west ende of the bridge, he buyped a fayre
large Chappell towarde the south ende of that towne, and
neare into the same a pzeatye house of Bricke and Tym-
ber, where he laye, and ended his life. He glazed the Chan-
cell of the parthe Churche in that towne, and made a way
of foure myles long, thée miles from Alefburie towarde
London, and one myle be yonde Alefburie,

The first day of April the Mayor of London, his brathen
the Aldermen, and the Craftes in their Liueries, assem-
bled in Paulles Churche, where Doctor Morton Chauncey
lour made to them an Oration, declaring, howe the Kyng
of Spaine hadde wonne the great and riche Citie and coun-
trep of Granade from the Turkes: for top whereof, Te Deum
was sung wyth greate Solemnitie.

In the moneth of May following, was holden a greate
and valiaunt iustking wythin the Kings Palaice of Shine
nowe named Richmonde, the whyche endured by the space of
a moneth, sometime wythin the saide Palaice, and some-
time wypthout, upon the Grène before the Gate of the said
Pallaice. In whiche Juites, the first James Parker Knight, run-
ning against a Gentleman named Hugh Vaughan, by ca-
sualtie was so soze burte and brused, that he dyed thereof.

The ninth of September, King Henry tooke his voyage
into France with a greate armyp to aide the Britons against
the Frenche King, where he besieged Bolloigne til a truce was
taken.

William Purchas: William Welbecke, the 28 of Sept.
Sir William Martin Skinner, the 28. of October.

King Henry returned into Englande the seventeenth of
December.

Two Pardoners were sette on the Pillozie in Corne-
hill the market dayes, soz forzging of falle pardons, wheres
wyth they hadde deceyued the people and gote much mo-
nep: and soz that one of them hadde fayned hym selfe to be
a Prieffe, he was sente to Newgate, where he dyed: the o-
ther

Anno. reg. 8.

Sherifes.
Maior.

Henry the Seuenth.

ther was dzyuen oute of London wyth Thame ynoughe.

The ninth of October was a ryot made upon the Ca-
sterlings of Stiliarde men, by Percers seruauantes, and o-
ther of the Citie of London, for the which many of them were
soze punished.

Robert Fabian: John Winger, the 28.of September.

This Robert Fabian Sherike afozenamed and Aldermã,
made a Chronicle of Englande and of Fraunce, beginning at
the creation of the worlde, and ending in the thirde yeare of
the raigne of King Henrie the eight, which boke is impinz-
ted to the ende of Richarde the thirde.

Sir Ralph Auftry Fishemonger, the 28.of October.

This sir Ralph Auftry roffed with tymber, and couered
with Lead the Pariche Churche of Saint Martin in the Vim-
trie of London, and also glazed the same Churche very beau-
tifully, as partely appeareth.

The two and twentith of February, were arraigned in
the Guild ball of London soure persons, Thomas Bagnall, John
Scot, John Heth, & John Kenington, the whiche were San-
tuary men of Saint Martin le Grand in London, and latelpe
befoze were taken out of the saide Sanctuary, for sofging
of seditious billes, to the leslaunder of the King, and some
his Counsell, for the whiche, thzée of them were iudged to
dye, and the fourth named Bagnall, pleaded to be reffozed to
Sanctuarie : by reason wherof he was reprizled to the To-
wer till the nerte Terme : and on the fire and twentith of
February, the other thzée with a Fleming and a Peoman of
the Crowne, were all sive executed at Tyborne.

The evyghte and twentith of Aprill Ione Boughton wi-
dowe, was hent in Smithfielde, for holding certaine op-
nions of John Wicklife.

Wheate was solde at London at fire pence the bushell,
Bay Salte for thzée pence halse peny the Bushell, Nant-
wiche Salte was solde for syre pence the Bushell,
White hearring nine chillings the barrel, red hearring at

Jii. y.

thzée

867

1493

Fray against the
Stilward men.

Anno reg. 9.

Sherifes.

Maior.

1494

Anno reg. 10

268

Henrie the Seuenth.

thzée chillings the cade, red spzots fire pence the cade, and
Gascome wine, foz fire poundes the tunne.

Nicholas Alwine: John Warner, the 28. of September.
Richard de Chawry, Salter, the 28. of October.

Sherifes.
Maior.

Sir Robert Clifford bearing kauoz to the house of Yorke,
had long since sapled ouer to the Lady Margaret Dutchesse
of Burgoigne, by whome he was there perfuaded and bezou-
ghte in beliefe, that one Perken Werbecke, a Fleming bozn,
was the verpe Sonne of King Edwarde the fourth: but after-
wardé, bæpng Sente foz by King Henry, and pardon pzo-
mised him, he returned into Englande, and comming to the
Kings presence in the Tower of London, hée, on hys knees
moffe humblye craued pardon, which chozelyp he obtained,
and after accuſed manpe, amongeſt whome he accuſed ſie
William Stanley, whome the Lyng hadde made his chieſe
Chamberlaine, and one of hys prieie Counſaile. The re-
pozte is, that this was hys offence. When communi-
cation was had betwene him and Sir Robert Clifforde,
as concerning Perken Werbecke, ſir William Stanley affir-
med there, ſh he would neuer fight noz beare armoz agaynſt
the yong man, if he knewe of a trueth, that he was the un-
doubted Sonne of King Edward the fourth. Foz this offence
ſir William Stanly was appzehended, araigned, and on the
rbj. day of February beheaded on the Tower hill. This
ſir William Stanley was the chiefest helper of King Henrye
to the Crowne at Bofworth fielde againſt King Richard the
thirde. He was a man of greate power in his Country, and
also of great wealth, inſomuch, as the common fame ran that
there was in hys Castell of Holte, founde in readye coyne,
plate, and Jewels, to the value of foztie thousand marks
oz more, and his lande and ſees extended to thzée thousand
poundes by peare.

In Lent white hearring being god, were sold foz. it.
it. of the barrell at London. Sir W Capel Aldermã of London.

was

1495

Henrie the Seuenth.

869

was condemned to the king in rvbj.C. and xliij.pound ker-
ling, for the breaking of certain Statuts, made before times,
for the which he made his end with the King for x.rvj.C. and
fiftiene pounde fire Willings eight pence.

Chronicle of Lord.

Pierce for Perken Werbecke, which by the counsaile of Margaret Duteshes of Burgoigne named himselfe Richarde of Yorke, King Edwards seconde sonne, arrined at Deale in Kent, the thirde daye of July, where when he and his companye sawe they coulde have no comforte of the Countrep, they withdrie we to their Whippes againe, at which so withdrew, the Mayor of Sandwich with certaine commons of the countrep bickered with the residue that were vpon land, to take aliume of them an hundred threescore and nine persons, among the which were five captaines, Mountford, Corbert, Whitbelt, Quintine and Gemine. And the ry. of July John Peche, Esquier, Shriue of Kent, brought vnto London bridge those 169. prisoners, where the Shziues of London received them and conueped them in cartes and long ropes vnto the Tower of London, and to Newgate, who were shortly after to the number of 150, hanged in Kent, Essex, Suffe, and Norfolk, the residue were executed at Tiburne & Wapping, in the Wole besides London.

Anno reg. I. 1.

Thomas Kneifworth, Henry Sommer, the 28. of Septemb.
Sir Henry Colet Mercer, the 28. of October.

Sherifes.
Maior.

The. rvj. of November was holden the Serieants feale
at the Bishops place of Ely in Holborne, where dined the
King, Quene, and all the chiefe lordes of England. The new
Serieants names were mailler Mordant, Higham, Kingf-
mill, Conisby, Butler, Yakesley, Frowicke, Oxenbridge, and
Conftable.

In digging for to lay a new foundation in the Church of
S. Mary bill in London, the body of Alice Hackeney, which had
bene buried in the Church the space of 175. yeares, was
found whole of skinne, and the joints of her armes plia-
ble:

Jii. iij. ble 2

870

Henrie the Seuenthi.

ble : whiche co₂ps was kepte aboue grounde loure dapes
without anopance, and then burped againe.

In Apzill was concluded an amitie and entrecourse be-
twæne this lande, and the Countrey of Flaunders, &c.

In September, the Scots entred England, by the setting on
of Perkin Werbecke, and did much harme to the borders:
but when they hearde of the Lozde Neuels comming a-
gainst them, they sped them away.

John Shawe: Richard Haddon, the 28. of September.

John Tate Mercer, the 28. of October.

Sherifes.
Maior.

This John Tate newly builded and enlarged Sainte Anne-
thonies Churche in London, a godly foundation, with a Free-
schhole, and certaine almes houses for pوزe men.

Iasper Duke of Bedford, uncle to King Henry the sea-
uenth, dyed the eighteenth daye of December, and was bu-
ried at Kensham.

By meanes of a payment that was granted to the king,
a new commotion was made by the commons of Cornewal,
whiche under the leading of Iames Tuchet of Audley, Lozde
Audley, with Michaell Ioseph, a hozle farrer of Blacksmith
of Bodman and other, came to Blackheath, where the Kypng
met with them, and discomfited the rebels, and toke their
Captains the two and twentith of June, where were slain
of the rebels about 300, and taken aboute. 1500, the Kypng
gaue to them that toke them, their godes. The Lozde Aud-
ley was beheaded on the Tower hill the xxviiij. of June.
The Blacke Smith and Flamoke a lawper, were hanged,
headed, and quartered at Tiburne.

In July the King sente an army into Scotland, under the
gupding of the Earle of Surrey, and the Lozde Neuell, which
made charpe warre oppon the Scots.

At Bartholmewtide, in Bedfordshire, at the Towne of
Saint Needes, fell haite stones that were measured eighteene
ynches.

Haile stones
rightene ynches
aboue.

1497

Henrie the Seuenth.

Kings commandement call in the Tower of London, and after he was shewed in Westminster, and in Cheape, flocked on scaffolde to the great wonderment of many people.

Annoreg. 14

This yeare all the Gardens which had bene continued time out of mind without More gate of London, wer destroyed, and of them was made a plaine fielde for Archers to exercise in. The English Merchants were receyued into Antwerp, with general prieession, after they had bene long absent from thence.

This yeare was a great drought, by reason whereof a loade of Hay which was before time solde at London for five shillings, was this yeare solde for ten shillings or twelve shillings more.

This yeare one Sebastian Gabato a Genoas sonne, borne in Bristow, professing himselfe to be erperte in knowledge of the circuite of the worlde and Ilandes of the same, as by his Charts and other reasonable demonstrations he shewed, caused the King to man and vidual a shippe at Bristow to search for an Ilande whiche he knewe to be replenished with rich commodities: in the ship diverse Perchauntes of London aduentured small flockes, and in the company of this shippe, sayled also out of Bristow thdez' or foure small ships kraught with flight and grosse wares, as course cloth, Caps, Laces, pointes, and such other, Sir Humfrey Gilbert knight, in his boke intituled a discouerie for a newe passage to Castaia, wrizeth thus, Sebastian Gabato, by his personall experience and tranauile, hath set forth and described this passage in his Chartes, whiche are yet to be seene in 3 quænes Pavelties priuie Gallerie, at White Hall, who was sent to make this discouerie by King Henrie the Seuenth, and entred the same fret, affirming, y he sayled very far Westward, wyth a quarter of the Nozth, on the Nozthside of Terra de Labrador, the eleuenth of June, until he came to the Septentrial latitude of 67½ degrees, and finding the seas still open, sayde, y he might, if would have gone to Castaia, if the iminitie of the Master and Merchers, had not bene.

Thomas

Henrie the Seuenth.

873

Thomas Bradburie, Stephen Iennins, the 28. of Sept.
Sir Iohn Perciuall Tayler, the 28. of October.

A Shoemakers Sonne bozne in Byhopſgate Streete of London,
was hanged at Saint Thomas Watrings on Shroue Tuesday, for
naming himſelfe to be Edward Earle of Warwike, Sonne to
George Duke of Clarence, which Edward Earle of Warwike
was then (and had bin all the raigne of this King) kept ſe-
cret prisoner in the Tower of London.

The Soure and twentith of February, the Kings thirde
sonne was Chriſtned within the Friers Church at Greene-
wich, by the name of Edward.

The Gallopne Wine was ſolde at London for forty Thil-
lings the Tunne, and much left to the Shipmen for freight,
the plentie was ſo great.

A quarter of Wheate Soure Chillings, and bay ſalte Soure
pence the buthell.

This yeare was the Brewers house called the Swanne,
adioypning to Saint Antonyes, taken downe, for the enlarging
of the ſayd Church, which was after new builded at the coſts
of Sir Iohn Tate late Daioz.

James Wilſord Tayler: Richard Brond, the 28. of Septem.
Nicholas Alwin Mercer, the 28. of October.

The Rvj. of November, was arraigned Perkin War-
becke, and thce other, the which Perkin, and Iohn a Water,
Daioz of Corſe, were executed at Tiborne, the priſ of po-
ember.

The rrviij. of November Edward Plantagenet Earle of
Warwike, Sonne to George Duke of Clarence, being about the
age of rriij. yeares, was beheaded at Tower hill, and burped
at Birſam, by his aunceſters Shoztly after, Walter Blewet
and Thomas Aſtwoode, were hanged at Tiborne.

In the beginning of May, the King and Quæne ſapled to
Caleis, where they met with the Duke of Burgoigne, they re-
turned agapne in June.

In July, the Towne of Babram in Norſſolke was hente.

Edward the Kings thirde Sonne dyed, at a place of the

Jii.b.

Bishop

Sherifes. ?
Maior. 3

A Shoemakers
fonne fained to
be the Earle of
VVarwvike.

1499

Anne reg. 15

VVine, salt and
vvheate cheap.

Sherifes. ?
Maior. 5
Perkin vver-
becke hanged.

The Earle of
VVary vike be-
headed.

1500

The King and
Queene ſapled
to Caleis.

Henry the Seventh.

Bishop of Ely, called Hatfield in Hartfordshire, and was buried at Westminster.

This year was a great death in London, and other parties of this Realme.

John Hawes: William Stede, the 28.of September.

William Remington Fiskmonger, the 28.of October.

The xxx. day of January, was brought unto the Crep Friars the corpse of the Lozde Denham, Treasurer of England, and was there buried in the South side of the Quere.

In the moneth of May, was a royal Journey of Lords and Knightes within the Tower of London befoze the King.

The King buylde new his Hannour at Sheene, and named it Richmond, for that so many notable and rich Jewels were there bzente, and the same cost no small summes the building new. He also new builded Baynards Castell in London, and repaired Greenewich.

Edmond de la Poole Duke of Suffolke, and Richard his brother, whipp'd at Harwich, departed secretly into France.

The fourth of October, Katherine, daughter to the King of Spayne, landed at Plimmouth.

Lawrence Ailmer: Henry Hede, the 28.of September.

John Shaw Goldsmith, the 28.of October.

This John Shaw caused his beethren the Aldermen to ride from the Guildhall unto the water side when he went to Westminster to be pzesented in þ Erchequer. He also caused the kitchens and other houses of office to be builded at þ Guildhall, where since that time the Mains feastes hath bin kept, which befoze had bin in þ Grocers or Tailors hal.

The rity of Pouember, Prince Arthur was married in S. Paules Church at London, unto Katherine, daughter to Ferdinand King of Spayne, which Arthur the second of Apill deceased at Ludlow, and was buried at Worcester.

About Easter, all the Crep Friars in Englande changed their habite, for where of long time befoze they had used to weare browne Ruffet of foure Thillings, fire Thillings, and eight Thillings the pard, now they were compelled to weare

Ruffet

874

Annoreg. 16

Sherifes. ?

Maior. §

Arnold.
Smart.

1501

Richmond and
Baynards Cas
stell.

Annoreg. 17.

Sherifes. ?

Maior. §

The Maiors
feak first kept at
the Guild hall.

Prince Arthur
married.

Prince Arthur
deceased.

1502

VVollen cloth
250 shillings
the brodyarde.

Henry the Seventh.

Kullet of twohillings the yard, and not above, which was
brought to palle by the Friers of Greenwich.

This peare, the dike called Turnemill brooke, with all the course of Flæte dike, were so scoured downe to the Thames, that boates with filth and fewell were rowed vp to Holborne Bridge, as they of old time had bin accultomed, which was a great commoditie to all the inhabitantes in that parte of London. Also the Tower näere to the blacke Friers was taken downe by the commandement of the Maior.

Dikes of London closed.

The sixth of May, Sir James Tirell Knight, Lieutenant of Guisnes Caffell, and Sir John Windham Knighte, were beheaded on the Tower hill, and a Shipman was hanged and quartered at Tiborne, all foraying Edmond de la Poole Earle of Suffolk.

This peare, were brought onto the Kyng threæ men faken in the new found Islands, by Sebastian Gabato, before named in Anno 1468. these men were clothed in Bealees Skinnes, and eate raw Flesh, but spake such a language, as no man could understand them, of the which threæ men, two of them were ſeene in the Kings Court at Westminſter two peares after, clothed like Englishmen, and could not beed discerned from Englishmen.

Men brought from the new found Islands.

Anno reg. 18.

Henry Keble: Nicholas Nines, the 28. of September.

Bartholmew Rede Goldsmith, the 28. of October.

Sheriffes.
Maior.

The Chappell of our Lady, above the Caff ende of the high Aultare of Westminſter Churche, with a Tauerne cal led the white Role näre adiopning, was taken downe, in whiche place, a molft beautifull Chappell was then forθwyth begonne to be buvlded by Kyng Henrye the ſeauenth, the charges whereof (as I haue bene credibly enſormed) amounted to the ſumme of fourtæne thouſande pounds.

King Henry the ſeauenth Chappell at Westminſter.

Elizabeth Quene of England, wife to Kyng Henry the ſeauenth, dyed of Chilobed in the Tower of London on the twelfth of February, and was Solemnely buried at Westminſter.

Queen Elizabeth beſt dełaſſed.

King.

Henry the Seuenth.

King Henry the Seuenth being himselfe a brother of the
Taplois company in London, as diners other his predecessors
Kings before him had bin (to wéete, Richard the third,
Edward the fourth, Henry the fifth, Henry the sixth, Henry
the fourth, and Richard the second. Also of Dukes, eleuen,
Earles, barons, and Lords侯). he now gave to them the
name and title of Merchant Taplois, as a name of worship
to endure for ever.

This yeare, about the later end of March, the prior of the
Charterhouse of Shene was murthered in a cell of his owne
house, by meanes of one Goodwine, a Monke of the same
Clopfter, and his adherents artificers of London.

On the rrb. of June at the Bishop of Salisburies place in
Flèetefrète, was the noble Prince Henry the second, sonne
of King Henry the Seuenth, allured in matrimonie to the
Lady Katherine, late the wife of that excellent Prince Ar-
thure.

The fifth of August deceaseſt Sir Reginald Bray Knight,
Treasurer of the Kings warres, and was buryed at Winde-
fore.

The eight of August, the King of Scottes marrped Mar-
garet, the eldest daughter of King Henry the Seuenth.

A drye Sommer, hauing no notable rayne from White
fontide, to the later Lady day in harueſt.

Christopher Hawes: Robert Wattes, the 28. of Septemb.
Thomas Granger, the 11. of Nouember.

Sir William Capell Draper, the 28. of October.

The tij. of Nouember, was holden within the pallace
of the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, the Sergeants
feast, where dined the King and all his nobles, and upon
the same day, Thomas Granger, newly chosen Sheriffe of
London, was presented before the Barons of the Kings Er-
chequer, there to take his oth, and after went with the Na-
toiz onto the same feast, whiche faued him money in his
purſe, for if that day that feast had not bin kepte, he muſt
have feaſt the Maior, Aldermen, and others Worlchipfull

of

876

Sixe Kings of
England brea-
thren with the
Taylors Com-
pany in Lon-
don, before they
were encituled
Merchant Tay-
lors.

1502

Prior of Shene
murthered.

Margaret the
Kings daugh-
ter maryed.

Anno reg. 9.

Sherifes.

Maier.

Sergeants
feast.

Henry the Seuenth.

of the Citie. This Feaft was kept at the charge of tenne learned men, newly admitted to be Sergeants to the Kings law, whose names were, Robert Bridnell, William Greuill, Thomas Marow, George Edgore, John Moore, John Cutler, Thomas Elyot, Lewes Pollard, Guy Palmis, William Fayre-fax.

On the rri. day of Pouember, at night, beganne a peril-
lous fire at the ligne of the Panper upon London Bridge,
nære to Saint Magnus Church, where fire tenements were
bzent ere the same could be quenched.

The Seauenth of January, were certayne houses confu-
med with fire againfte Saint Butolphes Churche in Thamis
Kreete.

Fire on London
Bridge.

Fire.

The rrd of January, beganne a Parliament at Westmin-
ster, of the which was chosen Speaker for the Commons,
Master Edmond Dudley.

Parliament.

The rrby. of March, was an house bzent againfte Sainte
Martins le grand in London.

1504

A newe Coyne was by Parliament appoynted, that is
to lap, Grote, and halfe Grote, which bare but halfe faces:
the same time also was copned a Grote, whiche was in ba-
lue twelue pence, but of those were but few copned.

This peare, Alume, which many yeares had bin sold for
fire stillings an hundred, and lower, arose to five Pobles
an hundred, and after to foure Markes etc.

Nevv Coyne

Alume deere.

The kozenamed Sir William Capell, Maioz of London, cau-
sed in euery ward of London a Cage with a paire of Stocks,
therein to punish vagabonds. Also, he caused all Hunfditch
to be ouerpaued, the which many peares before lay full noy-
ously and perilously for all trauellers that way.

Annoreg. 2c

Cages and
Stockes ordey-
ned.

Hunfditch pa-
ued.

Roger Acheley: William Browne, the 28.of Septemb.
John Winger Grocer, the 28.of October.

Sherifes.

Maior.

About Christmas, the moze parte of the prisoners of the
Marshallep in Southwarke brake out, and many of them bee-
ing shorttly after taken, were put to execution, specially
those which had layne for Felonie of Treason.

Prisoners of the
Marshalley
brake out.

The

378

Henrie the Seuenth.

1505

Annoreg. 21.

Sherifes. ?
Maior. 5

Conduit at Bi-
shoplgate buil-
ded.

Richmond on
fire.

The King of
Castile landed
in England.

Francis Guicciar.

V Weathercock
of Paules
blovvn dovvnæ.

The rb. of Aprill, a monep maker, one of the Copners of
the Tower, was drawne to Tiborne, and there hanged.

There was great strike in the Guild hall about choosing
of the Sheriffe, for the Taylozs woulde haue had Payler
Fitz Williams Tailoz, and the other commons chose Roger
Groue Grocer.

Richard Shore: Roger Groue, the 28. of September.
Thomas Kneifworth Fishmonger, the 28. of October.

This Thomas Kneifworth, of his owne goodes, builded
the Conduit at Bishopsgate. He gaue to the Fishmongers
certayne tenements, for the whiche they be bound to kinde
four Schollers that Audie Arte, two at Oxford, and two at
Cambridge, euery of them foure pound the peare. They be
bound also to giue to twelue aged pweze people of their com-
pany, to euery one of them at Barthelmewtide a winter
garment for euer. Also to giue to the prisoners of Ludgate
and Pelwgate, euery peare for tyt Millings etc.

The fifth of January in the night, the Kings Chamber
was fered at Richmond, the which might not be quenched,
till many curteyns, carpets, rich beds, and much other fuffe
was consumed.

Through great tempeft of wind being at y Southwesl,
which began the rb. of January, and continued till the fire
and twenty of y fame, Phillip King of Castile, and his wife,
were weather drinen, and landed at Falmouth in England, as
they were passing on the rbi. of January out of Flanders to-
ward Spayne, who were honourably received by the Carle of
Arundell at y Kings appointmét, with thze C.hozles, all by
touch light. This kepeft was strange to many mè, by cause y
violence thereof had blowne downe the Egle of bzaſſe from
the spire of Paules Church in London, and in the falling, the
fame Egle bzaſſe and battered the blacke Eagle, whiche
hong for a ligne in Paules Churchyard, that time being but
low houses, where now is the Schole of Paules.

About the end of March, Edmond de la Poole was taken
in Flanders, and conned through the Citie to the Tower
of

Henry the Seventh.

their fine of foure twene hundred pound. In the moneth of June, the Citie of Norwich was fore perished, and were consumed with fire, that began in a Frenchmans house named Peter Iohnson, a Surgeon, in the Parish of Saint George.

Thomas Exmew: Richard Smith, the 28. of September.

Stephen Genings Merchant Taylour, the 28. of October.

This Stephen Genings Maito of London, founded a free Grammar Schole at Wlfrunehampton in Staffordshire, wyth consequent lodgings for the Mayster and Uther in the same place where he was borne. He gaue Lands sufficient for the mayntenance, leauing the onersight therof to the Merchant Taylors in London, who haue hitherto iustly dealt in that matter, and also augmented the building there. Mayster Nichols, who marryed the only daughter and heire of the aforesayd Stephen Genings, gaue Landes to maynteyne the pauements of that Towne. Also, Iohn Lenefon Esquier, about Anno 1556, gaue Lands, whereof four pound should be dealt every yeare, on good Friday, to the poize people of Wlfrunehampton, and fire and twenty Shillings eyght pence pereely, towards the reparation of the Church there.

Mozéouer, aboute Anno 1566. Sir Iohn Lighe a Priest, whiche had served in that Churche there, the space of threescore yeares, for five pounds, fire Shillings eyght pence the yeare, without any other augmentation of his liuing, who would never take any Benefice, or other preferment, gaue twentye pounds, to purchase twenty Shillings the yeare Lands, the same to be giuen pereely for ever to the poize of Wlfrunehampton upon good Friday, and twelve pounds thirtene Shillings fourpence, to purchase a Marke a yeare Lande, the same to be giuen to the poize of Chifnall, in the Countie of Salope, where the sayde Lighe was borne.

This man liued nigh one hundred yeares. He beftowed besides his owne laboure whiche was greate (in bearing of stone etc.) aboue twentye pounde on the high wayes about that Towne of Wlfrunehampton.

This Towne of Wlfrunehampton, is now corruptly called

Wolner-

890

Norvich on
fire.

Annoreg. 24.

Sherifes.
Mavor.

Free Schoole at
V.Wlfrunez
Hampton.

John Ligh of
V Wlfruneham-
ton, his rare ex-
ample of Cha-
ticie.

Henrie the seuenth.

Wolnerhampton, for in Anno 996. in King Etheldreds tyme,
(who wrote himselfe Rex Anglorum & princeps Northumbro-
rum Olimpiado tertia regni sui, for so he wrote the count of his
reigne then, which was the sixteenth yeare) it was then
talled Hampton, as appeareth by an old Charter written by
the Potarie of the sayd King Etheldred, whiche Charter I
haue lène and read : and so that a noble woman named
Wlfrune a Widow, sometyme wife to Althelme Duke of
Northampton, did obteyne of the sayd King to giue Landes
unto the Church there whiche she had founded, the sayde
Towne toke the addition of the same Wlfrune, so that
Charter so nameth hir Wlfrune, and the Towne Hampton.

Sir Lawrence Aylmer and his two Sheriffes were put
to their fine to the King of a thousand pound.

This yeare, was finished the godly Hospitall of the Sa-
uoy nère onto Charing Cross, which was a notable founda-
tion for the poize, done by King Henry the Seuenth, onto
the which he purchased and gave Lands for the reletuing of
one hundred poize people.

This was first named Sauoy place, by Peter Earle of Sa-
noy, Father to Boniface Archbishop of Canterbury, about the
nine and twentith yeare of King Henry the thirde, who
made the sayde Peter Earle of Richmond. This house belon-
ged since to the Duke of Lancaster, and at this tyme was
conuerted to an Hospitall, still reteyping the first name of
Sauoy.

King Henry also buvlded thzée houes of Franciscane
Friers, whiche are called Obseruants, at Richmond, Greene-
wich, and Newarke, and thzée other of that familie of Fran-
ciscane Friers which are called conventuals, at Canterbury,
Newcastell, and Southampton.

This noble Prince King Henry dyed at Richmond the
rrt. of Apzill, when he had reigned thzée and twenty yeares
and evght monethes, and was burped at Westminster in the
new Chappell which he had caused to be builded, on the e-
leuenth of Pap.

VVlfrunehâp-
ton, corruptly
called V Voü-
nerhampton.

Ex Carta Regia.

Sir Lavvrence
Aylmer, and his
Sheriffes.

1509

Smart.
Hospitall of the
Sauoy.

Rec.of Canterbury
Church.

Smart.
Henry the viij.
de ceaſſed.

Rkk.

He

894

Henry the eygth.

mother to King Henry the Seauenth, and Grandmother to
King Henry the eygth, dyed at Westminſter, whose noble
Actes and moſt charitable deſdes all his life executed, can
not be erpſeſſed in a ſmall volume.

The ſeventeenth of July, Edmond Dudley was arraig-
ned at the Guild Hall of London, and after Michaelmas, Sir
Richard Empſon was arraigned and condemned at North-
ampton, and ſent agapne to the Tower of London.

George Monex, Iohn Doget Mer. Taylor, the 28. of Sept.
5 Thomas Bradbury Mercer, the 28. of October.

Sir William Capell Draper, the 12. of January.

The one and twentith of January, began a Parliament
at Westminſter.

In February was a great fire in Thames streete, nere
unto Wool Key, which began in a Flare wines house, and did
much harme.

The xx. of Aprill, a peace was proclaymed betwirſe En-
gland and France, during the lines of Henry the eygth King
of England, and Lewes the French King, but it lalked not
long.

Doctor Colet Deane of Paules, erected a free Schole in
Paules Church yard in London, and committed the ouer-
sight thereof to the Mayſter and Wardens of the Hercers,
bycauſe himſelſe was bozne in London, and was ſonne to
Henry Colet Mercer, ſometime Maior of London.

On Midſomer night the King came priuily into Cheape
in one of the coates of his Gard, and on Saint Peters night,
the King and Quene came riding ropally to the Kings
head in Cheape, there to behold the watch of the Citie.

Sir Richard Empſon Knight, and Edmond Dudley, Cl-
quier, who had bin greate Counſavours to the late Kyng
Henry the ſeauenth, were beheaded at the Tower hill the
ſeauenth of Auguſt, Richard Empſon was buried at the
White Friers, and Edmonde Dudley at the Blaſſe,
whose attachemente was thoughte to be procured
by the malice of them, who wypth theſon Authoritie
were

Sherifes.

Maiors.

1510

Paules Schoole.

Anna reg. 2.

Empſon and
Dudley beheau-
ded.
Edward Hall.

Henry the eygth.

were offended, or else to lift the noose of the freight execu-
tion of penall Statutes in the late Kings dayes.

This Edmond Dudley, in theyme of his empriefonmēt
in the *Tower of London*, compiled one notable Woke, whiche
he entituled, The Tree of common wealth, a copppe where-
of I hane ginen to the right honourable Carle of *Leycester*
now liuing.

The tree of
common welch
a Booke.

The rrj.of September, William Fitz Williams, Merchát
Tapluz, was agapne the seconde time chosen Sheriffe for
the yeare following, whereof the layde William hauping
knowledge, absented himselfe, and woulde not be founde,
whereupon, the time drawing n'ere that presentation must
be made of the newe Sheriffes, they in a full Court of the
Maioz and Aldermen, with assent of the common Coun-
sayle being prezent, in Solemne and due forme, caused him
to be thzice called, and commanded to appeare upon payne
that should fall thereof, but he would in no wile appeare,
noz any other for him, wherefore in auoyding the ieoperdie
of fozepture of their liberties if they should not prepare an
hable man of themselves to be Sheriffe with that other
which the Maioz yeerely choseth, they called a new assem-
ble of the commons, and then chose John Rest Alderman,
and Grocer, for the other Sheriffe, the whiche, with John
Milborne his fellow before chosen by the Maioz, was pre-
sented before the Barons of the Kings Crchequer, and
there admitted, and thoztly after, for so much as the layde
William Fitz William would not submit himselfe to the au-
thozitie of the Citie, he was diffanchised, and dismissed of
his Aldermanship, and fined at a thousand Markes to be
lenped of hys godes and Cattaples within the Citie.

Election of a
Sheriffe.

Nevy election
of a Sheruke.

V Villiam Fitz
V Villiams dif-
franchised.

John Milborne: John Rest, the 28.of September.
Henry Kebell Grocer, the 28.of October.

Sherifes.
Maior.

The epghtenth of November, was holden the Herians
Feast at the Bishop of Elyes in Oldborne, the new Herians
were Papler Newport, Newdigate, Fitzherbert, John
Brooke, Pigote, Cariell, Brooke of Bristow, Palme Senior,
Ukk.ify.

and

Seclicants: Feale.

896

Henry the eyght.

and Papstcr Roo.

Prince borne.

Henry the Kings first sonne was borne on New yeares
day, but dyed on Saint Mathies day next following.

1511

Anno reg. 3.

In the monethes of June and July, the Scottes made sun-
dye entries upon the borders of England, with Shippes
well manned and victualled, who kept the narrow Seas
(against the Portingales as they sayd) whereupon, Sir Ed-
ward Haward, Lord Admirall of England, and Lord Thomas
Haward, sonne and hepze to the Earle of Surrey, wente to
the Seas by the King of Englands commaundement, wthly
certayne Shippes, who about the end of July, mette with
the sayde Scottes, and gaue unto them a sharpe battaple,
wounded theyz Captayne Andrew Barton, whereof he dy-
ed, flew many of his men, and toke many prisoners, with
two Shippes, the one called the Lion, the other a Barke,
called Jenny Perwine, which Shippes were brought to
Blacke Wall the Seconde of Auguat, and the Scottes to London,
where they were kept as prisoners in the Wilhop of Yorkes
Place, and after sent into Scotland.

Andrevv Bar-
ton, a Scottish
Pirate.

Skippes taken
from the Scotts.

Nicholas Shelton: Thomas Mirfine, the 28. of Septemb.
Roger Acheley Draper, the 28. of October.

Sherifes.
Major.

The fifteenth of January, began the Parliamente at
Westminster, Sir Robert Sheffeld Knight, sometime Recoy-
der of London, was Speaker for the Commons.

Parliament:

During this Parliamente, in the moneth of March, a
Yeoman of the Crowne, one of the Kings Gard, named
Newbolt, flew within the Pallace of Westminster a fernant
of Papstcr Willoughbyes, for the whiche offence, the Kyng
comanded to be set vp a new payze of Gallowes in y same
place where the sayde seruante left his life, and vppon the
same, the sayd Newbold was hanged, and there remayned
on the Gallowes by the space of two dapes.

Nevybolt
banged.

1512

King Henry sente the Lozde Darcy with a godly com-
pany of men into Spayne, to ayde the King hys Father in
law against the Moores, but ere he arriued, a peace was
concluded betwene them.

Amo. reg. 4.

Henry the eyght.

In Auguſt, Sir Edward Poynings, accompanped with
the Lozde Clinton, and diuers other, was ſente into Gel-
derland with ſiſtene hundred Archers, to ayde the Prince of
Castell, at the request of Margaret, Duchess of Sauoy, and
Regent of Flanders.

Edward Haward Lozd Admirall of England, through hys
to much hardinesſe, was clayne before Brest, in Britayne, after
whome, hys brother Thomas Haward was made Admiral.

About the moneth of Auguſt, the Paupes of England and
France meeting at Briteine Bay, fought a cruell battapie, in
the which, the Regent, or Soueraigne of England, and a Ca-
rike of Brest in France, being crappeled togither, were bur-
ued, and their Captapnes with their men all drouned, the
English Captaine was Sir Thomas Kneuet, who had with
him Sir John Carew, and ſeauen hundred men. In the
Frenche Carrike was Sir Piers Morgan, with nine hun-
dred men, which were all hzent or drouned.

Robert Holdernes, Robert Fenrother, the 28 of Septemb.

William Copinger Fisłmonger, the 28 of October.

Richard Hadden, Mercer.

The Stéple and Lantarne of Bow Church in Cheape,
was this yeare ſinſhed.

By Friers this yeare, a great parte of the Kings Pal-
lace of Westminſter, and the Chappell in the Tower of Lon-
don, and many other places in England were hzent.

In a Parliament at Westminſter, was granted to the
King two ſiſtènes, and four demies, and head moneyp of e-
uery Duke tenne Markes, an Earle ſiue pound, a Lozde
four pound, a Knight four Marke, and euery man valued at
evgh hundred pound in goods, to pay four Markes, and so
after that rate, till him that was valued at ſoſtie ſilliſgs,
payd twelue pence, and euery mă that toke ſoſtie ſilliſgs
wages ry.d. et euery mă et womă at rb. peres or bpward 4. d.

In Aprill, the King ſent a great Pauiie of twelue thou-
land men to the Sea.

On May euen, Edmond de la Poole was beheaded on
the
Ruk. iij.

Sherifes. ?
Maiors. 3

Bovv Steeple
built.

Kings Pallace
at Westmin-
ſier brent.
Sea. Tempo.

Great ſubſedie.

898

Henry the eyght.

the Tower hill, his brother Richard was after flayne in France.

King Henry having sent over a great and puissant Armie into France to beseege the Citie of Turwine, himselfe accompanied with many noble men, and by C. Archers of his Card, all in white gabberdines, troke his ship at Douer on the last of June in the morning. When the King was shipped and made Sayle, all his armie followed, to the number of foure hundred Shippes, and the winde was so, that they were brought the same night into Caleis Hauen.

On the nexte mozrowe, being the first of July, Thomas Lord Howard, Admirall of England, landed at Whitland bay, and entred, spoyled, and hent the Towne, and returned to his Shippes. The next of July, the King passed out of the Towne of Caleis in godly array of battell, and troke his field, and notwithstanding that the foze wasard of the Kings great Armie were before Turwine, yet the King of his owne battaple made threue battaples: the Lord Lisle Marthall of the holl, was Captayne of the foze warde, and under him thousand men: Sir Richard Carew with threue hundred men, was the right hand wing to the foze ward, and the Loode Darcy with threue C. men, wing on the left hand. The σονδερες and foze riders of this battaple, were the Northumberland men on light geldings. The Earle of Essex was Lieutenant Generall of the Speares, and Sir John Pechy was vicegouernour of the Dozemen. Before the King, wente by C. Almaynes all in a plump: after them, came the Stандert with the redde Dragon, next the Banner of our Lady, and nexte of the Trinitie, under the Whiche were all the Kings household. Then went the Banner of the Armes of England, bozne by Sir Henry Guildford, under which Banner was the King himselfe, with diners noble men, and other, to the number of threue thousand men. The Duke of Buckingham, with by C. men, was on his Kings left hand. On the right hand was Sir Edw. Poynings, with other by C. men, egall to the Almains. The Lord of Burgainie was by C. men, was wing on.

King Henry beleegeth Turwyne,

Henrie the eyghte.

399

on the right hande: Sir William Compton with the retinue
of the Bychoppe of Winchester Fox, and Maister Thomas
Wolfey, afterward Cardinall, of eighte hundred, was in
manner of rerewarde : Sir Anthony Oughtred and Sir
John Neuell with the Kings Speares that followed, were
foure hundred, and so the whole armee was eleauen thou-
sande and thre hundred men. The Maister of the ordináce
set forth the Kings artillerie, as Faulcons, Slyngs, Bom-
bards, powder, stones, bowes, arrowes, and such other
things necessarye for the field, the whole number of the
carriages were thirtene hundred, the leaders and drieuers
of the same were ninetene hundred men. The King laye
the firste nighte betwirte Calkewell and Freydon: the nerte
night before the Casset of Gwifnes at Bocarde: the next night
he laye beside Arde a good wape wþthout the Englishe pale, £
when he was a little bevonde Dernome, there came a greate
horte of French men, that purposed to have sette upon him:
but the Lyng with his horte kepte their ground, and horte
their greate ordinaunce, wherewith the aray of the French
men was broken.

The fourth of Auguſt, the King in good order of batſtell
came before the Citie of Turwine, and planted his ſlege in
warlike wife.

The eleuenth day of Auguſt, Maximilian the Emperoz
came to King Henrye, who was received with greate tri-
umph, betwene Aire and the campe.

The Emperoz and all his ſeruants were reſepted with
the King of Englande in wages by the daye, euery perſon ac-
cording to his degree, and the Emperoz as the kings ſould-
oure ware a Crotſe of Saint George with a Rose, and so hée
and all his traine came to the Kings Campe the thirteenth
of Auguſt, and there was recepued wyth greate magniſ-
tence.

The thre and twentith of Auguſt the towne of Turwine
twas giuen ouer on to the Lyng of England, wyth condition,
that all men in the Towne mighte ſakeſpalle wyth hozſſe

Bkk. h.

and

Turwine yeel-
ded to K. Henry

900

Henry the eyght.

and harnelle, and so on the soure and twentith of Auguste
there came oute of the towne foure thousand men of warre
and moewell appointed, whereof fire hundred were well
horsed, theyr standardes boze before them.

The fire and twentith of August, the King removed to Singate, and there it was agréd, that the walles,gates,bulwarkes, and towers of Turwine thoulde be defaced, razed and calle downe : of whyche conclusion, the Emperoure sent word to Saint Omers and to Aire. whych being iepous of that tydings, sente thither Pioners, and so they and the Englishe Pioners brake down the wals, gates,and towers, and filled the ditch,and fiered the towne, except the Cathezall Churche and the Palaice, and all the ozdinaunce was by the King sente to Aire to be kept to his use.

Taryvive raced
and brent.

After this, it was concluded, that the King in person
thoulde lape hys liege to the Citie of Turney, wherefore hie
sente forwarde threé godly battayles : the firste was condu-
cted by the Earle of Shrewburie : the seconde battell led the
King hymselfe, wyth whome was the Emperour : The
rerewarde was conducted by the Lozde Harbert, and so
the firste nyghte they lape in campe beside Aire.

The fourteenth of September the King and hys army
came to Beatwin, and on the morsowe passed forwarde, and
came to a straite, where was a Fozde, whiche with great
difficultie they passed : and the next day they passed a bridge
called Fount Anandiew, &c.

The one and twentith daye of September the Kyng
removed hys Campe towarde Tourney, and lodged wyth
in thre mples of the Citie, the whyche nyghte came to
hym the Emperour and the Palgraua, the people about
Tourney were with theyr godes fledde to the Citie and
yet the Citie hadde no menne of warre to defende
it, but wyth multitude of Inhabitantes the Citie was
well replenished.

King Henry the
ged Turney.

The Kyng came in arap of battell before Tourney, plan-
ted

Henrie the eyght.

fed his ozdinaunce rounde abonte the Citie, dpuers trenches were caffe and rampiers made, so that no Citizens coulde issue oute, noz no apde come to them. Whereupon at length, to wæte, on the nyne and twentith of September the Citie was pælded.

Then the Ring appointed the Lozde Lisle, the Lozve Burgeyny and the Lozde Willoughby to take posseffion, whyche wyth fire thoufande menne entered the Citie and toke the market place and the walles, and then Mayster Thomas Wolsey the Kings Almoner called before him all the Citizens, and fware them to the Kyng of Englande, the number of whiche Citizens were four fcore thoufande.

On the feconde dave of October the Ring entred the citie of Tourney, and there ozdayned Sfr Edwarde Poynings, Knight of the order of the Carter, to be hys Lieuetenaunt, wypth Captaines, hozfemen, archers, and artillerie convenient : he made hys Almoner Thomas Wolsey Bythoppe of Tourney, and then returned to Callaice, and fapled from thence to Doner on the foure and twentypth of Octoberv.

Thomas
V Woolfey Bil-
shop of Tux-
ney.

In this meane tyme James King of Scottes, notwithfanding he was twozne to keepe the peace, inuaded this lande with a mightye armpe, but by the good dilligence of the Duène, with the pollicie and manhode of the Earle of Surrey, the Kings Lieuetenannt, he himſelfe was flaine at Bramstone upon Piperd hill, with thizè Bythoppes, two Abbots, twelue Earles, ſeuentéene Lords, besides Knights, and Gentlemen, and ſeauentéene thouſande Scottes, and all the ozdinaunces and ſtuffe taken, the ninth of September : there were flaine of the English men aboute flue thouſande.

The dead body of the King of Scottes, was broughte up to London, and so conueyed to Sheene, where I haue ſaene the ſame lapped in Lead, lpe in an olde house unburped.

John

902

Henrie the eyght.

Sherifes.

Maior.

John Dawes: John Bridges, the 28. of September.
Roger Bafford.

William Browne Mercer, the 28. of October. John Tate Mercer.

On Candlemas dave the Kyng made Thomas Howard
Earle of Surrey, Duke of Norffolke: Thomas Loode Howard
Earle of Surrey: Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolke: Charles
Somerset Earle of Worcester, at Lambeth in the Archbishop
of Canterbury's palace, and not long after, he made his Ed-
ward Stanley Loode Mountegle.

1514

T. V. Wolsey B.
of Lincoln.

Anno reg. 6

Hedges pluca-
ked vp, & die-
ches filled.

In March following, Thomas Wolsey the Kings Almo-
ner, and Bishoppe of Tourney was consecrate Bpchoppe of
Lincolne, as Successour to William Smith late deceased.

All the hedges wythin one mple and moze, enuy ware
aboute London were pulled downe, and the ditches spylle
bp in a mornning, by a number of yong men, Citizens of
London, bycause thosel enclosures hadde bin hinderaunce to
their thoting.

The ninetinth of May was receyued into London a Cap
of Maintenance, and a Swode sente from Pope Iulie the
seconde, which was presented to the King on the Sonday
erte with greate Solempnitie in Saint Paules Churche.

The seauenth dave of Auguſt, a peace was proclained
betwirte the Kings of England and of Fraunce, duryng they
lpues.

In October, a marriage was made betwene Lewis the
Swelfth King of Fraunce, and Ladye Mary the Kyngs Sitter
of England.

Sherifes. 2

Maior. 3

James Yarford: John Mundy, the 28. of September.
George Monox Draper, the 28. of October.

This George Monox Dap of London, of his godly di-
position reedified the decayed Steeple of the parische Churche
of Waltham Stowe, in the Countie of Essex, adding thereunto
a side Ile with a Chappel, where he lyeth buried. And on
the South side of the Churchparde there, he founded a fayre
large Almose house for an Almose Prieſte of Scholemay

Henry the eyght.

ker, and thirtène poze almes folke, eight men, and kue
women, appointing to the sayd almes Prieſt oz Schole,
mapker ſoz his yearely wages, 6.P. 1. Æ. 4. Æ. and to euerye
one of ſ almes folke 7. Æ. a wéeke, £ 5 P. to be befowed pœre-
ly among them in coles. And ozdeyned, that the ſayd almes
Prieſt should on ſondapes and feſtuall dapes be helping
£ affiſtant to the Aicar oz Curate there in the celebzation of
diine ſeruice, and on the wéeke dapes frélie to apply and
teache yong children of the ſaide parſhe, to the number of
thirtie in a Scholehouse, by him there builded ſoz that pur-
pose. Mozeouer, he gaue to the pariſh Clearke there ſoz the
time being, a yearly stipend of 26. Æ. 8. Æ. ſoz euer, £ a Cham-
ber by the ſayde Almes house, to the intent he should helpe
the ſayd Scholemayſter to teach the ſaid children. And hath
giuen faire lands and tenements in the Citie of London, ſoz
the perpetual mainſenance of the premiſes to Gods glozry
ſoz euer. He also ſoz the great commoditie of traueſlers on
ſoute, made a continuall cawſey of Timber ouer the mar-
ches from Waltam-ſlow, to Locke bridge towards London.

The byf. of Auguſt, a peace was proclapmed betwirt the
Kingdomes of England and of France. And on the ninth day
of October, King Lewes of France marryed the Lady Mary,
ſitter to King Henry the eyght, in great Church of Abvile.

Richard Hunne, a Merchant Tayloz of London, dwelling
in the Parſh of Saint Margaret in Bridgesſtare, who (ſoz de-
nying to giue a moſtuarie, such as was demaunded bp the
Parſon ſoz his childe being burped) had bin put in the Low-
lards Tower about the ende of October laſt before paſſed, was
nowe the kift of December found hanged with his owne
girdle of ſilke, in the ſayd Tower, and after he was burned
in Smithfield.

This peare dyed at Rome the Archbifhop of Yorke £ Car-
dinall, called Docto? Banbredge, which was the Kings Em-
baſſado? there. And King Henry gaue the ſaid Archbifhop-
ricke to Thomas Wolſey then Bisboppe of Lincolne, who
hoſtly after gate to be Cardinall and Lozd Chancellour.

i.LL.

Du

*903

1515

Anno reg. 7.

Free Schole at
VValkham
Stovv.

Mary ſitter to
King Henry
married to the
French King.

Richard Hunne
hanged in Lov-
lards Toyver.

*904

Henry the eyght.

On Hewyeares euen dyed the French King Lewes the
twelfth; and the ninth of Aprill a new peace was concluded
betwene the King of England, and Francis the new King of
France.

1515

Anno reg. 7.

Duke of Suk-
folke married
he Kings fitter.

In the moneth of May, Charles Duke of Suffolke wed-
ded the Lady Mary the Kings fitter, late Queen of
Fraunce.

And hære I thinke good to let downe some part of the
procédings of this so oft named Thomas Wolsey Archbi-
shop, his ascending vnto honoizous estate, and so deine fau-
ling againe from the same, as I haue bin enfozmed by per-
sons of good credite.

The ascending
of Thomas
V Wolsey.

1516

This Thomas Wolsey was a poize mans sonne of lps-
wich, in the Countie of Suffolke, and there borne, and being
but a child, very apt to be learned, by the meanes of his pa-
rents he was conuayde to the Uniuersitie of Oxford, where
he chortly pzo spered so in learning, as he was made Bat-
cheler of Art, when he pafted not fiftène yeares of age, and
was called moft commonly throughe the Uniuersitie the
bop Batcheler. Thus pzo spering in learning, he was made
fellow of Maudelin Colledge, and afterward appoynted to
be Scholemaykter of Maudelin Schowle, at which time, the
Lozde Marques Dorcet hadde thée of his Sonnes there at
Schowle, committing vnto him as well their education, as
their instruction. It pleased the fayde Lozde Marquell as
gainst a Chzillmas feason to send as well for the Schale-
mapkter, as for his childzен home to his house for their re-
creation, in that pleasant and honourable fealk. Then bée-
ing there, the Lozde their father percepuing them to be
right well employed in learning for their time, he hauing
a Benefice in his gift, being at that time boyde, gaue the
same to the Scholemaitter in reward of his diligence at his
departure after Chzillmas to the Uniuersitie, and hauing
the presentation thereof, repaired to the Dzidinarie for his
induction, and being furnished of his instruments, made
lpeede to the Benefice to take posseffion, and being there for
that

Anno reg. 8.
Batcheler of
Art xv. yeares
old.

Schoolemaykter
to the Marques
Dorcets Chil-
dren.

Thomas
V Wolsey gate a
Benefice.

Henry the eyght.

that intent, one Sir James Paulet, Knight dwelling there about, broke occasion against him, and set the Scholemapker by the hées during his pleasure, which after was nepter forgotten noż forgiuen: noż when the Scholemapker mounted the dignitie to be Chancellour of England, he sente soż Mapker Paulet, and after many sharp words, eniopned him to attend untill he were dismissed, and not to depart out of London without licence obteyned, so that he continued there with in the middle Temple the space of five or six peares, who lay then in the Gate house next the Stræte, which he reedified very sumptuously, garnishing the same all over the outside with the Cardinals Armes, with his hatte, coignifances, and other deuises in so glonzious a forte, that he thought thereby to haue appeased his olde displeasure.

Now after the deceasse of the Lozde Marquesse, thys Scholemapker considering with himselfe to be but a simple beneficed man, and to haue lost his fellowship in the College, which was much to his reliefe, thought not long to be vnprovided of some other help, and in his travell there about, he fell in acquayntance with one Sir John Naiphant, a very graue and auntient Knight, who had a great rome in Caleis under King Henry the Seauenth, this Knight hee served, and behaued himselfe so discretely, that he observed the especiall favour of his Mapker, in so muche, that he committed all the charge of hys office onto hys Chaplayne, and as I understand, the office was the Trea surechip of Caleis, who was in consideration of hys great age discharged of hys rome, and returned agayne into Englande, and through hys instant labour, hys Chaplayne was promoted to bee the Kyngs Chaplayne, and when hee had once cast Ancker in the pozte of promotion, how he wrought, I shall somewhat declare. He hauing there a just occasion to be in the light of the King daply, by reason hee sayde Halle before hym in hys Closet, and that being done, he spet not the day in poldenesse, but would attend

i LII. y.

upon

Thomas

V Wolsey set in
the stockes by
Sir James Pau-
ler.

V Wolsey set in:
prisone nac-
uenged.

Gatehouse of
the middle
Temple nepr
built.

Sir John N:
phant Treasurers
of Caleis, Tho-
mas V Wolsey
his Chaplayne.

Thomas

V Wolsey
Chapleyne to
Henry the vii.

*906

Henricus the VIII.

pon those whome he thought to beare moſt rule in the
Counſell, the which at that time was Doctor Fox, Bishop
of Winchester, Secretarie, and Lord of the Courtie ſeale: to al
Sir Thomas Louell, Knight, a sage Counſelloz, Mayſter of
the Wardes, and Conneſtable of the Tower: these graue
Counſelloz in p[ro]ces of time percepued this Chapleyne to
haue a very fine witte, and thought him a meſte person to
be preferred to wittie affaires. It chanced at a certainne ſea-
ſon that the King had an edge occaſion to ſend an Em-
balladoz onto the Emperour Maximilian, who lay at that
present in the low Countrey of Flanders, not farre from Ca-
leis. The Bishop of Winchester, and Sir Thomas Louell,
whome the King counſelled and debated with oppon this
Emballage, ſaw they had a convenient occaſion to preferre
the Kings Chapleyne, whose witte, eloquence, and learn-
ing, they highly commended to the King, the King com-
manded them to bring his Chapleyne before his presence,
with whome, he fell in communication of great matters,
and percepuing his witte to be very fine, thoughte hym
sufficiente, commaunding hym thereb[on] to prepare
hymſelſe to hys iourn[ey], and hauing hys depeach, toke
hys leave of the King at Richmond about none, and to
came to London about four of the Clocke, where the Barge
of Graues end[]e was ready to launch ſo[ur]th, both with a p[ro]
ſperous tyde and winde, without any abode he entred the
Barge, and so paſſed ſo[ur]th with such ſp[er]de, that he ar-
riued at Graues end[]e within little more than th[ir]e hours,
where he tarr[ied] no longer than his poſt H[oz]zles were
p[ro]viding, and then trauayled so ſp[er]dily, that he came
to Douer the nerte mo[ning], whereas the paſſengers
were readye under Saple to Caleis, into the which paſſi-
ger, without tarrying, he entred, and ſapled ſo[ur]th wyth
them, that long before none he arriued at Caleis, and ha-
uing poſt H[oz]zles, departed from thence with such ſp[er]de,
that he was that night with the Emperour, to disclosed the
whole ſumme of his Emballage to his Emper[or], of whom he
requiſtes

Thomas
V Volsey Em-
balladour to the
Emperour.

Henry the eyght.

required spædie expedition, the which was granted him by
the Emperour, so that the next day he was clærely dispat-
ched with all the Kings requestes fully accomplished, at
which time he made no longer delay, but toke post Hoizs-
les that night, and rode towarde Caleis, conducted thyther
with such persons as the Emperour had appoynted, and at
the opening of the Gates of Caleis, he came thither, where
the passengers were as readie to returne into England, as
they were before at his iournep forward, in so much, that
he arrived at Douer by tenne of the clocke before none, and
hauing post Hoizles, came to the Court at Richmond the
same night, where he taking some rest untill the morning,
repayzd to the King at his first comming from his bed-
chamber to this closet, whome, when the King sawe, hée
checked him, so that he was not on his iourney: Sir (quoth
he) if it may please you Highnesse, I haue already bin
with the Emperour, and dispatched your affayzes, I truft
to your Graces contentation, and with that presented the
King his Letters of credence from the Emperoure. The
King being in a great confuse and wonder of his spædy re-
turne and procéedings, disembled all his wonder, and de-
manded of him whether he encountered not his Pursuant
the which he sent unto him, supposing him not to be out of
London, with Letters concerning a very necessary matter
neglected in their consultation, yes forsooth quoth the Chap-
layne, I met with him pesterdap by the way, and hauing
no understanding by your Graces letters of your pleasure,
haue notwithstanding bin so bold upon mine owne discre-
tion (perceving that matter to be very necessary in that be-
halfe) to dispatch the same, and so farinuch as I haue excè-
ded your Graces commission, I moft humbly require your
Graces pardon: the King reioping not a little, sayd, we do
not only pardon you thereof, but also give you our Prince-
ly thankes, both for the proceeding therein, and also for
your good and spædie employee, commanding him for that
time to take his rest, and repaire agayne after Dinner,

2. All. ity.

foz

*903

Henrie the eyght.

foz the further relation of his Ambassade. The Embassadoz when he saw tyme, repaired before the King and Counsayle, where he declared the effect of all his affaires so exactly, with such gravitie and eloquence, that all the Counsell that heard him, commended him, effecting his expebition to be almost beyond the capacitie of man. The King gaue him at that time the Deanerie of Lincolne. From thence forward he grew moze and moze into estimation and authority, and after, was promoted by the King to be his Almoner. After the death of King Henry the Seauenth, and in the flourishing youth of King Henry the eyght, his Almoner handled himself so politiquely, that he found the meanes to be made one of the Kings Counsile, and to grow in favour with the King, to whom, the King gaue an house at Bridewell in Fleete streete, some time Sir Richard Empsons, where he kept house for his familie, and so daily attended upon the King, and in his especial favour, who had great fute made unto him. His sentences, and wittie periwals in the Counsell Chamber, were alwayes so pithie, that the Counsayle as occasion moued them, continually assigned him to be the exposito: to the King in all their proceedings, in whome, the King receyued such a leaning fantasie, so that he was most earnest and readypest of all the Counsayle to advance the Kings will and pleasure: the King therefore esteemed him so highly, that all the other Counsaylors were put from the great favour that they before were in, in so much, that the King committed all his will vnto his disposition, which the Almoner perceiving, tooke upon him therefore to discharge the King of the weightie and troublesome businesse, perswading the King that he should not neede to spare any time of his pleasure for any businesse that should happen in the Counsell: and whereas the other Counsylours would diuers times perswade the King to have some time re course into the Counsell Chamber, there to heare what was done, the Almoner would perswade him to the comkrarie,

Thomas
V Volsey
Deane of Lincolne.

Thomas
V Volsey the
Kings Almoner.

Thomas
V Volsey of the
prinie Coun-
sayle vith
King Henry
the eyght.

Henry the eyght:

frarie, which delighted him much: and thus the Almoner
ruled all them that were before him, such did hys policie
and witte hing to paffe. Who was now in hygh fauoure
but Maiſter Almoner: and who ruled all vnder the King,
but Maiſter Almoner: thus he perſeuered in fauour, vntill
at last in came pzesents, giftes, and rewards so plentifull,
that he lacked nothing that might eyther please his fanta-
sie, or enrich his coffers. And thus p[ro]ceeding in for[tunes
bliffulneſſe, it chanced the warres betwene the Kealmes
of Englande and France to be open, in so much, as the King
b[eing] fully perſwaded in hys moſt ropall person to inuade
hys for[zaigne enimitie]s with a puiffant Armye, wherefor
it was neceſſar[pe] that hys ropall enterprize ſhouſe b[ee
ſpedily p[ro]vided and furnifhed in euery degree of things
apt and conueniente for the ſame, the expedi[tion] where-
of, the King thought no mans witte so meete for policie
and paynefull trauaple, as was hys Almoner, to whome
therefor[he] committed hys whole trust therein, and h[ee]
toke vpon him the whole charge of all the busineſſe, and
b[rought] all things to good p[asse] in a decent order, as all
manner of vi[ctualles], p[ro]viſions, and other neceſſar[es]
conueniente for the ſo noble a boypage and Armie.

All things b[ee]yng by hym perfected, the King aduan-
ced to hys ropall enterprize, p[assed] the Seas, and mar-
ched for[warde] in good order of battayle, vntill h[ee] came
to the K[rong] Towne of Tur[wayne], to the whyche h[ee] layde
h[ys] ſe[ge], and aſſapled it very strongly continually with
such behemonte aſſaultes, that within ſhort ſpace it was
p[æ]elde[n]t o[n]t h[ys] Maiel[rie], onto the which place, the Em-
perour Maximilian repaired vnto the King with a greate
Armie like a mightie P[ince], taking of the King his Gra-
ces wages, which is a rare thing, and but ſeldome ſ[ene],
an Emperour to k[ight]e vnder a Kings Banner.

Thus after the King had obteyned this puiffant Foſt,
and taken the posſession thereof, and ſette all k[hy]nges
there in due order, for the defence and p[re]ſervation

1 Lll. iiii

thereof,

*910

Henry the eyght.

thereof to hys vse, he departed thence, and marched to-
warde the Citie of Turney, and there layde hys sege
in like manner, to the which, he gaue so fierce and sharpe
assault, that they were contrepyned of fine force to render
the Towne onto his viciotious Maiestie, at which time, the
King gaue the Almoner the Bishoprike of the same Sea,
towards hys paynes and diligence sustepned in that tour-
ney, and when the King had effablishe all things agree-
able to his will and pleasure, and furnished the same with
noble Captaynes and men of warre for the saegard of the
Towne, he returned agayne into Englande, taking with
him diuers noble personages of France being prisoners, as
the Duke of Longuile, and Wicount Clarimont, with other,
whiche were taken there in a Skirmithe: after whose re-
turne, immediately the Sea of Lincolnne fell voyde by the
death of Doctoz Smith late Bishop there, the which Bene-
fice his Grace gaue to his Almoner, late Bishop of Turney
elect, who was not negligent to take posseffion thereof, and
made all the spæde he could for his consecration: the solem-
nization whereof ended, he found the meanes that he gate
the posseffion of all his predecesseors goddes into his hands.
It was not long after that Doctoz Bambridge Archbishop
of Yorke dyed at Rome, being there the Kings Embailladoz,
unto the which Sea, the King immediately preſented hys
late and newe Bishop of Lincolnne, so that he had thixt Bi-
shopziches in his hands in one peare giuen hym: then pre-
pared he for his translation from the Sea of Lincolnne, unto
the Sea of Yorke, after whiche Solemnization done, he be-
ing then an Archbyshop Primas Anglia, thought himselfe
sufficiente to compare with Canterbury, and therebpon
erected hys Crosse in the Court, and euery other place, as
well within the precinct and iurisdiption of Canterbury, as
in anye other place. And for as muche as Canterbury clay-
meth a Superiozitie ouer Yorke, as ouer all other Bishop-
rikes within Englande, and for that cause claymeth as a
knowledge of an aunciente obedience of Yorke, to abate

the

Thomas
V Wolfey Bi-
shop of Tur-
ney.

Thomas
V Wolfey Bi-
shop of Lins-
colne.

Thomas
V Wolfey Arch-
bishop of York.

Henrie the eyght.

the aduauncing of hys Crosse, in presence of the Crosse of
Canterburie : notwithstanding, Torke nothing minding
to besitke from bearing thereof in manner as I sayde bée-
foze, caused hys Crosse to be aduaunced, as well in the
presence of Canterbury as elsewhere : wherefoze Canterbury
being moued therewith, gaue vnto Torke a certayne
checke for hys presumption, by reason whereof, there en-
gendzed some grudge betwene Torke and Caunterburie.
Torke intending to prouide some suche meanes, that hee
woulde bée rather superioz in dignitie to Caunterburie,
than to be eyther obedient or equall to hym, wherefoze hee
obtayned to be made Prieste Cardinall, and Legatus de La-
tere : vnto whom the Pope sente a Cardinals Dat wyth
certayne Bulles for hys auctoritie in that behalfe. Det
you shall understande, that the Pope sente hym thys two-
the hatte of dignitie, as a Jewell of hys honoure and au-
thozitie, the whych was conueped in a barlets budget, who
femed to all menne to bée but a person of small effimati-
on. Wherefoze Torke beving aduertised of the basenesse of this
mellenger, and of the peoples opinion, thought it mæte for
hys honour, that this Jewell should not be conueped by so
simple a person, as therefoze caused him to be kopped by the
wap immediatly after his arrivalin England, where he was
newly furnished in all manner of apparell, wyth all kynde
of coeklye tilkes, whyche femed decent for suche an hyghe
Emballadoz, and that done, he was encountried vpon
Blacke heath, and there recevued wyth a greate assemblye of
Pzelates, and luffie gallant Gentlemen, and from thence
conducted throughe London with greate triumph. Then
was greate and spædie preparation made in Westminster
Abbep, for the confirmation and acceptance of thys hygh oze-
der and dignitie, the whyche was executed by all the By-
choppes and Abbots aboute of nyghe London, wyth theyz
rych Myters and Copes, and other ornaments, which was
done in so solempne a wife, as had not bene fœne the like,
valeste it had bin at the Coronation of a myghty Prince of

2. LII. b.

king

Thomas VVol
fey Cardinall.

*912

Henry the eygth.

King obfayning thys dignitie. He thoughte himseltse mée to beare auchozitie among the tempozall power, as among the ſpirituall iurisdição: wherefoze, remembzing as well the taunceſtained of Canterburie, as hauing a reſpèce to the aduauncement of worldlye honoſ and promotion, found the means with the King, that he was made Lord Chancellour of Englande, and Canterburie whiche was Chanceloure diſmiffed, who had continued in that roume ſince long beſoze the deceasse of Henrie the ſeauenth. Powe being in poſſession of the Chancelorchippe, and endued wyth the p[]ro[]motions of the Archeb[]shoppe, and Cardinall de Latere, hauing power to co[]rrecte Canterburie, and al other Byſhops and ſpirituall perſons, to ſassemble hys Conuocation when he would alligne, hée toke upon hym the co[]rection of maſters in all their iurisdiptions, and viſited all the ſpirituall houſes, hauing in euerpe Diocéſſe all maner of ſpirituall Minifters, as Commillaries, Scribes, Apparato[]rs, and al other officers to furniſh hys Courts, and preſented by preuention whom he pleafed vnto al benefits th[]oughout all thys Realme. And to the aduauncing further of his legan[]tine, iurisdição and hono[]z, he hadde Maſters of his Fa[]culties, Maſters Ceremoniarum, and ſuche other, to the glo[]riſing of his dignitie. Then had he his two great Croſſes of Spluer, the one of hys Archeb[]hopzicke, the other of hys Legacie, bo[]zne beſoze him whyther ſo euer he wente oz rode, by two of the talleſt P[]riestes that hée could gette wythin the realme: And to encreafe his gaineſ, he had alſo the Byſhopzicke of Durham, and the Abbey of Saint Albons in commendation: And after, when Docto[]z Foxe Byſhop of Winch[]eſter dyed, he ſurrendred Durham into the Kyngs haneſ, and toke to him Winch[]eſter. Then had he in hys hane (as it were in Firme) the B[]ishopzickes of Bathe, Wor[]ceſter, and Hereſorde, ko[]ſaſmuth as the Incumbents of them were ſtrangers, and made their abode continually beyond the Seas in their owne Countries, oz else at Rome, from whence they were ſente in Legation to thys Realme vnto the

Thomas VVol-
ſey lord Chic-
lour.

Thomas VVol-
ſey Byſhoppe of
VWinch[]eſter.

Henrie the eyght.

the King, and so their rewarde at their departure, Lyng
Henrie the seauenth gaue those W itselfe : and they bea-
ing krangers, thoughte it moze mæte so the alluraunce to
suffer the Cardinal to haue their benefices so a conuenient
summe of mony payd them pearely, where they remapned,
than either to be troubled with the charges of the same, so to
be pearely burdened with the conueance of theys reuennues
unto them, so that al the spiritual and presentations of these
W itselfe were fully in hys disposition, so prefer whom
he lifted. He had also a greate number dayl ye attending up-
on hym, both of Poble men and wort hye Gentlemen, with
no small number of the tallest Peomen that he coulde gette
in all the Realme, insomuche, that well was that Poble-
man and Gentleman, that coulde prefer a tall Peoman to
his seruice. Ye chal nderffande, that he had in his Hall
continually thzæ bwardes, kepte with thzæ several principall
officers, that is to say, a Stelwarde whych was alwayes a
Priest: a Treasurer a Knight: and a Comptroller an Es-
quier: also a Cofferer bæpyng a Doctoz: thzæ Marshalles:
thzæ yeomen Uthers in the Hall, besides two gromes, and
Almoners. Then in the Hal kitchen, two Clearks of the
kitchen: a Clearke comptroller: a Surueyoz of the Dzelloz:
a Clearke of the Spicerie, the whyche togither kepte also a
continuall melle in the Hal. Also in hys Hall kitchin hæ
had of Maiker Cokes two, and of other Cokes, Labozers,
and chilzen of the kitchin, twelue persons: soure yeomen
of the Scullerie: and soure yeomen of the Siluer Scullerie:
two yeomen of the Paftry, with two other Paftelers under
the yeomen. Then in his prieie Kitchin a Walter Coke,
who went dayl ye in Ueluet oz in Sattin, wyth a Chapne
of Golde, wyth two other yeomen and a groome: In the
Scalding house a yeoman and two gromes: In the Pan-
tery two persons: In the Buttrey two yeomen, two
Gromes', and two Pages: And in the Yewype
lykewise: In the Seller thzæ yeomen and thzæ pages:

In

The order of
the Cardinalles'
houſe.

*934

Henrie the eyght.

Thomas V Vol
feys Chappell.

In hys Chaundryp two : In the Wafarie two : In the
Wardzobe of Beddes, the Mailker of the Wardzobe and,
other persons : In the Laundryp, a yeoman, a grome, thir-
tie pages, two yeomen puruepozs , and one grome : In
the Bake-house a yeoman and two gromes : In the Wood
yarde a yeoman and a grome : In the Barne one : In the
Garden a yeoman and two gromes : Pozters at the Gate
two yeomen and two gromes : a yeoman of hys Barge : e
a mailker of hys hozse : a Clearke of the Stable, a yeoman
of the Same: the Sadler: the Farrier:a yeoman of hys Cha-
riot:a Sumpter man: a yeoman of his Styrop:a Muleter:
firetene gromes of hys Stable, euery of them kepte foure
Geldings : In the Almorie a yeoman, and a grome : In
hys Chappel he hadde a Deane, a greate Divine , and a
man of excellent learning : a Subdeane : a Repeater of the
Quire:a Gospeller:a Pistler: of Singing Priestes ten:a ma-
ster of the Children: Seculars of the Chappell singing men
twelue : singing childzen tenne, with one seruant to awaite
oppon the childzen : In the Keuelestry a yeoman , and two
gromes, ouer e besides dyuers reteiners, that came thither
at principal seafkes . Fo: the furniture of hys Chappell,
palleth my capacitie to declare , the number of cosky ozna-
mentes and riche iewels that were to be occupied in the
same continual lpe : there hathe bène sène in Pzocellion,
aboute the Hall, 44. very rich Coapes of one lute wozne,
besides the riche Crosses and Candlestickes, and other oz-
namentes to the furniture of the same : Hèe had two crosse
bearers, and two Piller-bearers, in hys great Chamber:
and in hys prinp Chamber these persons : fyzeke the chiefe
Chamberlaine, and Wizchamberlaine : of Gentlemen W-
thers, besides one in his prinie Chamber, he hadde twelue
daylpe wayters, and of Gentlemen wayters in hys prinpe
Chamber he hadde fire, and of Lordes nyne oz tenne , who
hadde eche of them two men allowed them to attend upon
them, ercept the Erle of Darby, who had allowed five men:
then had he of Gentlemen, of Cup-bearers, Caruers, and

Selwes

Henrie the eyght.

Hevers both of the priute Chamber, and of the great cham-
ber wyth Gentlemen dayly wayters there fortie persons :
Of yeomen Althers fire, of gromes in his Chamber eight,
of yeomen in his Chamber flue and fortie daylpe : he had
also Almoſe men sometime moze in number than other
sometime. There was attending on his borde of Doctoſs
and Chapleines, besides them of his Chappell ſiretæns
daylpe : a Clearke of his Cloſet : Secretaries two : and
two Cleartes of his Signet: and ſoure Counſellours learn-
ed in the Laſe : And koſaſmuche, as it was neceſſarie to
haue dyuers officers of the Chaunceſte to attende bypon
hym, that is to ſaye, the Clearke of the Crowne: a ryding
Clearke : a Clearke of the Hamper : and a chaſer of the
Laſe : then a Clearke of the Checke, as well bypon the
Chapleins, as of the Yeomen of his Chamber: hæ had also
ſoure ſotemen whyche were garniſhed in riche running
toates, when ſo ener he rode in anye iournep : then had hæ
an Harraulte of Armes : and a Sergeant of Armes: a Phi-
kition:a Poticarie: ſoure Minſtrels : a keper of his Tents:
an Armozer: an inſtructer of hys wards : two yeomen of
hys Wardobe of hys Robes : and a keper of hys Cham-
ber continuallye in the Court : he had also in his house the
Surreyoz of Yorke, and a Clearke of the græne Cloth. All
these were dayly attending, downe lying and vpſising, and
at meales: he kepte in his greate Chamber a continuall
borde for the Chamberers and Gentlemen officers, hauing
wyth them a melle of the yong Loſds, and an other of Gen-
tlemen: and besides all these, there was neuer an officer,
Gentleman, or wortby person, but he was allowed in the
house, ſome thylce, ſome two, and al other one at the leaſte,
whiche grewe to a greate number of persons . Thus far
dute of the Checker roll, besides other officers, ſeruantes,
reteypners, and ſuters, that molke commoulye dyued in the
Ball.

After that he was thus furnished, he was sente twice in
Enbaffade to the Emperoz. Charles the fifth, ſoſ diuers vız-
gent

Thomas V Vol
fey tvvice Ems
baffador to the
Emperour
Charles.

*916

Henrie the eyght.

gent causes touchyng the Kings Maiestie, it was thought,
that so noble a Prince (the Cardinall) was moste meete to
be sente : wherefore, being readye to take vppon hym the
charge thereof, was furnished in all degrees and purposes,
moste lyke a great Prince : soz fircke he procured soz fur-
nished lyke a Cardinall: hys Gentlemen bæyng berye ma-
ny in number, were clothed in Lyuerie coats of Crimolin
Veluet of the belt, wyth chaines of Golde aboute theyn nec-
kes, and hys peomen and meane officers, in coats of fine
Scarlet, garded with blacke Veluet a hande bzoade.

Thus furnished, he was twice sente into Flaunders to the
Emperour then lying in Bruges, whom he did most highly,
entertain discharging al his charges of his mes. There was
no house within the town of Bruges, wherein any Gentlem-
ance of the Cardinals were lodged, or had recourse, but that the
owners were commaunded by the Emperoures officers,
that they, upon paine of their lives, should take no mony
soz anye thing that the Cardinalles seruantes diode take
of anye kinde of victuall, no althoughe they were disposed
to make anye costlye banquets: commaunding furthermore
their saide holltes, to see they lacked no such things as they
honestly required soz their honestye in pleasure. Also the Em-
perors officers every night wet through the town from houle
to house, whereas any English Gentlemã did repast of lod-
ged, and serued their liueries soz all night, which was done in
this manner. First, the Officers brought into the houle a cask
of fine Panchet, of siluer two great pots with white wine,
and Sugar to the weighte of a pound: white lights and yel-
lowe lightes of Ware: a boule of siluer wyth a Goblet to
drinke in, and euerpe night a kaffe-tozche: This was the
order of the liueries euerpe nighte: and in the morning,
when the same officers came to fetch away their kuffe, then
would they accompte with the holltes soz the Gentlemens
coffes spent in the daye before.

Thus the Emperoure entertained the Cardinal
and all his traine soz the time of his Embassade there.

And

Henrie the eyght.

And that done, he returned into Englande with great tri-
umphe.

Powe of hys order in going to Westminſter hall daply in
the Cerme. Firste, ere he came out of hys priuie Cham-
ber, he hearde ſeruice in his Cloſet, and there ſaid hys ſer-
uice wyth hys Chaplaine: Then goeng againe to hys priuy
Chamber, he woulde demaunde, if his ſeruants were in a
readynesse, and furniſhed hys Chamber of P[res]ence, and
wayghting Chamber, being thereof then aduertiz'd, came
oute of hys priuy Chamber aboute eighte of the clocke, ap-
parelled all in red, that is to ſaye, hys upper gariment ey-
ther of fine Scarlet, or else fine Crimofin Taffata, but molk
commonlye of fine Crimofin Satten engrapned, hys pilli-
on of fine Scarlet, with a necke ſette in the inner side wyth
blacke V eluet, and a Tippet of Sables aboute hys necke,
holding in hys hand an D[range], w[herof] the ſubſtance with-
in was taken oute, and ſilled vppe againe wyth the part of
a S[ponge], wherein was T[lineger] and other Conſections a-
gainſte the p[est]ilent ap[res], the w[hyche] h[æ] molke common-
lye helde to hys nose when he came among anpe p[re]eace, or
else that he was peſtered wyth manpe ſuters : and before
him was bozne firſte the h[ro]ade Heale of Englande, and hys
Cardinales H[at], by a Lo[z]de, or some Gentlemenne of
W[ol]d[hippe], right ſolempnely: and as ſone as he was once
entred into his Ch[aber] of P[res]ence, his two great C[ross]
were there attending to be bozne before hym: then cried the
Gentlemen W[chers], going before him bare headed, and
ſaide: D[n] before, my Lo[z]des and M[aiſters], on before, make
w[aype] for my Lo[z]des Grace. Thus went he downe th[rough]
the Hall wyth a ſergeant of Armes before hym, hearing a
greate D[ace] of H[iluer], and two Gentlemen carping two
greate P[illers] of H[iluer], and when he came at the Hall
d[ore], there was hys H[ule], being trapped all in Cri-
mosin V[eluet] wyth a S[addle] of the fame, and guilte
K[y]rops.

Then

*918

Henry the eyght.

Then was there attending uppon hym, when he was
mounted, hys two Crosse-bearers: and his Piller bearers
in like case uppon greate hozes, trapped all in fine Scar-
let. Then marched he forward with a traine of noble men
and Gentlemen, hauing his footmen four in number about
hym, bearing eache of them a guilte Polare in their hands:
and thus passed he forth untill he came to Westminster hall
dose, and there lighted, and wente vppe after hys man-
ner into the Chauncerie, or into the Starre Chamber:
howbeit, molte commonlpe he woulde goe into the Chan-
cerie, and stay a while at a barre made for hym beneath the
Chancerie on the righte hande, and there commune some
tyme wyth the Judges, and some time with other persons:
and that done, he woulde repayre into the Chancerie, and
 sitting there untill eleauen of the clocke, hearing of lutes,
and determining of other matters, from thence he woulde
dyuers times go into the Starre Chamber as occasion fer-
ued. There he neyther spared highe ne lowe, but indged
euer stane accor dyng to his merites and desert. He vSED
also enepey Sondaye to refozte to the Courte, then beþng
for the molte parte of all the yeare at Greenewiche, with hys
fozner triumphes, takyng hys Barge at hys own kapies,
furnished wyth Peomen fand yng uppon the Wailes, and
hys Gentlemen beþng wythin aboute hym, and landed a
gaine at the three Cranes in the Vintrie: and from thence he
rode upon his Dule with his Crosse, his Pillars, his Pat
and bisade Seale carryed afoze hym on hozebacke through
Thamis freete, untill he came to Billingfgate, and there tke
his Barge againe, and so was rowed to Greenewiche, where
he was receyued of the Lords and chiefe officers of the
Kings house, as the Treasurer, Comptroller, and other,
and so conueved into the Kings Chamber: then the Court
was wonderfully furnished wyth Poble men and Gentle-
men: and after dinner among the Lords, hauing some con-
sultation with the King, or with the Councell, he woulde
departe homewarde with the like triumph.

Thus

Henrie the eyght.

Thus in greate honour, triumph, and glory, he raigned
a long season ruling all thynges within the Realme ap-
pertayning unto the King. His house was alwayes re-
sozted to with noblemen and Gentlemen, seafing and ban-
queting Embassadoz dyuers times, and al other right no-
bly: and when it pleased the King soz his recreation, to re-
payze to the Cardinalles house, as he didde dyuers tymes
in the yeare: there wanted no preparations, oz furniture :
Banquets were sette sozth with Maskes and Pumneries,
in so gozgeous a sozte, and coskly maner, that it was an hea-
uen to beholde. There wanted no Dames oz Damoifsels,
mezte oz apte to daunce with the Maskers, oz to garnish the
place soz the tyme: then was there all kinde of musikke,
and harmony, wyth fine doices bothe of menne and chyl-
zen.

One tyme the Kyng came sodainely thither in a Maske
wyth a dozen Maskers all in garmentes like Shepheards,
made of fine cloth of Golde, and Crimofin Satten paned,
and Cappes of the same, wyth Uifars of good viftony, their
haires and beardes, epther of fine Goldewyze silke, oz black
silke, hauing fusetène Toych-bearers, besides their Drums
and other per sons wyth Uifars, all clothed in Satten of
the same colour: and before hys entring into the Hall, hæ
came by water to the water gate, wythout any noise, where
were layd diuers Châbers and Guns charged with Shot, &
at hys landing they were chotte off, whyche made suche a
rumble in y Avze, that it was like thunder: It made all the
Noblemen, Gentlemen, Ladyes, and Gentlewomen, to
mufe what it choulde meane, comming so sodainelye, they
sitting quiet at a solempne banquet, under this sozte: Firſt
yce shall vnderkande, that the Tables were sette in the
Chamber of Pzefence iuſt couered, and the Lozde Cardi-
nall sitting under the cloth of Eſkate, there hauing all hys
ſeruice alone: and then was there sette a Lady wyth a Po-
ble man, oz a Gentleman and a Gentlewoman through-
out all the Tables in the Chamber on the one side, whych

Hmm,

were

A Maske and a
Banquet.

921

Henry the eyght.

were made and iopned as it were but one Table, all
whiche order and deuice was done by the Lozde Sandes
then Lozde Chamberlaine to the King, and by Sp
Henrie Gilforde Comptroller of the Kinges Daies
house. Then immediately after the greate Cham-
laine, and the sayde Comptroller, sente to loke what it
thoulde meane, (as thoughe they knewe nothing of the
matter,) they looking oute of the Windows into the
Thamis, retourned againe and thewed hym, that it mee-
med they were Noblemen and Straungers, arryued at
hys bridge, comming as Emballadoures from some for-
reine Prince: with that quoth the Cardinal, I desire you,
bycause you can speake Frenche, to take the paines to
goe into the Hall, there to recepue them according to
their effates, and to conducte them into this Cham-
ber, where they shall see vs, and all these Noble
Personages, beþng mery at oure banquet, desiring them
to sitte downe with vs, and to take parte of our fare. Then
wente hée incontinent downe into the Hall, whereas
they receyued them wyth twentie newe Worches, and
conueyed them vppe into the Chamber, wyth such a
noyle of Dummes and flewtes, as Seldome hadde bane
hearde the like. At theyz entring into the Chamber two
and two togther, they went directlye before the Car-
dinall where hée fate, and saluted hym reverentye, to
whome the Lozde Chamberlaine soz them saide: Sir,
soz as muche as they bée Straungers, and can not
speake Englishe, they haue desired me to declare unto you,
that they hauing understanding of this your triumphaunt
banquet, where was assembled such a number of ex-
cellent Dames, they coulde doe no lesse under suppo-
rt of youre Grace, but to repayse hyther, to viewe as
well their incomparable beautie, as soz to accompa-
nye them at Dumme-chaunce, and then to daunce with
them: and fir, they require of youre Grace licence to ac-
complishe the saide cause of their comming. To whom
the

Henric the eyght.

the Cardinall saide he was very well content they should
so doe.

Then went the Palkers, and first saluted al the Dames,
and returned to the moſte worthieſt, and there opened their
greate cuppe of Golde filled wyth Crownes, and other pæ-
ces of Golde, to whome they lette certaine pæces of Golde
to caſt at.

Thus perusing all the Ladyes and Gentlewomen, to
some they lOffice, and of some they wonne : and perusing al-
ter this maner al the Ladies, they returned to the Cardinal
with greate reuerence, powring downe all their Golde so
leſte in their Cup, whych was aboue two hundred crowns:
At all (quoth the Cardinall) and so caſſe the Dice and want
them, whereat was made a great noise and iop. Thenquoth
the Cardinall to the Lord Chamberlain, I p[lay] you (quoth
he) that you would chelw them, that me ſemeth there should
be a Pobleman amongeſt them, who is moſe meſte to oc-
cuppe this ſeate and place than I am, to whome I woulde
moſte gladly surrender the same according to my duety, if I
knewe him. Then spake the Lo[rd]e Chamberlaine to them
in Frenche, and they rownding him in the eare, the Lo[rd]
Chamberlaine ſaide to my Lo[rd]e Cardinall: Sir, (quoth
he) they confelle, that among them there is ſuche a Poble
personage, whome, if your Grace can appointe hym oute
from the reſſ, he is content to diſclose hymſelſe, and to ac-
cept your place: with that the Cardinal taking good aduise,
ment among them, at the laſſe quoth he, me ſemes the
Gentleman wyth the blacke Bearde should he euen he :
and with that he aroſe oute of hys Chapre, and offered the
ſame to the Gentleman in the blacke Bearde, with his cap
in his hande. The person to whome he offered the Chapre
was Sir Edwarde Neuil, a comely Knight, that much moſe
resembled the Kings person in that Palke than anye o-
ther.

The King perceiving the Cardinall so deceyued, could

Pmm.y.

not

922

Henrie the eyght.

not for beare laughing, but pulled down hys bifor and Mas
ker Neuels also, and dashed out suche a pleasaunt counte-
naunce and chere, that al the noble effates there assembled
perceiting the King to be there among them, reioyced very
much. The Cardinal eftsonnes desired his Highnesse to take
the place of Effate : to whome the King aunswered, that he
woulde goe firste and chifte hys apparell, and so departed
into my Lorde Cardinalles Chamber, and there newe ap-
parelled him:in whych tyme, the dithes of the banquet were
cleane taken vppe, and the Tables spied againe with nebo
cleane perfumed clothes, euery man and woman fitting stil,
vntill the King with all his Maskers came among them a-
gaine all newe apparelled : then the King toke his seate
under the cloth of Effate, commaunding euery person to fit
still as they did before : In came a newe banquet before the
Kyng, and to all the rest throughout all the Tables, where-
in were SERED two hundzed diuers dithes, of costly devites
and suttilties. Thus passed they forth the night with ban-
queting, dauncing, and other triumphes, to the great com-
fozte of the King, and pleasant regard of the Nobilitie there
assembled. Thus passed this Cardinall his time from day
to daye, and yeare to yeare, in suchc greate wealth, iop, tri-
umph, and glozie, haupng alwayes on hys side the Kings
especial sauoz, vntil Foztune enuied his ptoferous effate,
as is to the worlde well knowne, and shall be partely tou-
ched hereafter.

This yeare in the moneth of May, were sent out of Eng-
lande rj.C.Pafons and Carpenters, and thze hundred la-
bozers to the Citie of Tourney, to builde a Caffell there, to
chaffice the Citie if it chaunced to rebel, and to diminifh the
garrison that then laye there to the Kings greate charge.

Henry Worley: Rich. Gray, the 28. of Sep. William Bayly.

Sir William Butler Grocer, the 28. of October.

Lady Mary King Henries daughter was bozne at Greene-
wiche on the eleauenth of February.

Margaret Quene of Scottes, King Henries eldest sister, who
had

Caffell of
Turney builded

Sherifes.

Masor.

Lady Mary the
Kings daughter
Borne.

1516

Henrie the eyght.

923

The King perceiving the Cardinall so deceyued, could
had after the death of his first husbande (James King of Scots
flaine at Bosworth) married Archibald Duglas, Earle of Au-
guise, fledde into Englande, and lay at Harbottle, where shee
was deliuered of a childe called Margaret. But shortlie ak-
fer Archibalde Douglas his hufbande wente home agapne
into Scotlande wythoute leaue taking : wherefoze the Lyng
sente for his to London, where shee was roally receyued and
lodged at Baynardes Castell, and there the tarried a whole
yeare ere she returned.

Thomas Seimer: Rich. Thurstone, Broderer, the 28. of Sept.
John Rest Grocer, the 28. of October.

The Thamis was frozen, that men with horse and Carts
might palle betwirte Westminster and Lambeth.

On May euen was an infurrection of yong persons and
Appzentifes of London against Aliens : for the whyche fact,
tenne payze of Gallowes were made with whæles to be re-
moued from krèete to krèete, and from doze to doze, where-
upon diuers yong men were hanged, wyth thep? Captaine
John Lincoln a Broker : the residue, to the number of four
hundred men, and eleauen women, tyed in ropes al along
one after an other in thep? thepkes came to Westminster hall,
Wyth halters aboute their neckes, and were pardoned.

Margaret Ruene of Scottes returned into Scotland to the
Earle of Anguise hir hufbande.

Thomas Baldry: Richard Simonds, the 28. of September.
Sir Thomas Exmew Goldsmith, the 28. of October.

Manye dyed in Englande of the Sweating Sickness, in espe-
ciallye aboute London, wherefoze Trinitie Terme was one
daye at Oxforde, and then adiourned to Westminster.

In the moneth of July Cardinall Campeius came into
Englande from the Pope, to erhozte king Henry to make war
on the Turkes.

After long lute made of the Frenche King, and hys coun-
cell, it was agréed, that the Citie of Tourney Thoulde be de-
lyuered to the Frenche King, he paying sixe hundred thou-
Mmm.ith. lande

The Queene of
Scots fledde in-
to Englande.

Sherifes.
Maior.

Greate froste.

1517

Anno reg. 9.
Build May day.

Queene of Scot
returned.

Sherifes.
Maior.

1518

Sweating lick-
nesse.

Ann. reg. 10.

Cardinall Cam-
peius.

924

Henrie the eyght.

fande Crownes for the Citie, and foure hundred thousand
Crownes for the Caffell the Whyche the King had bupledod,
(whiche was not fully performed) and also he shoulde pay
thylc and twentie thousande pounde Tournois, the whych
sometime the Citizens of Tourney ought to the King of Eng-
lande, for their liberties and franchises. It was further a-
græde, that the yong Dolphin sonne and hepze to the French
King, shoulde marry wyth the Ladye Mary King Hen-
ries daughter of Englande, if they bothe so lyked eche other
when they came to age. And then the Carle of Worcester,
with the Wispoppe of Ely and other, were sente into France,
to make delpuerp of the faide Citie of Tourney, whyche was
done on the tenth of February.

John Allen: James Spencer, the 28. of September.

Thomas Mirfin Skinner, the 28. of October,

{. Sherifes. .}
{. Maior. .}

The firstenth of Marche landed at Calleis fir Nicholas
Vaux, fir Edwarde Belknape, fir William Sandes, knightes
of the Carter, Commissioners to over fée the making of a
Pallaice before the Caffell of Guifnes, wherefoze there was
fente the Kings Mapfter Mason, Maitter Carpenter, and
fthze hundred Masons, and fize hundred Carpenters, one
hundzed Jopners, many Paynters, Glaziers, Tylours,
Smiths, and other Artificers, both out of England and Flann-
ders, to the number in all of two thousande and moze. The
faide Pallaice was begunne the nineteenth of Marche, for
the whyche, tymber was boughte in Holand, whyche tym-
ber was so long, that the same was bounden togther and
brought to Calleis wythout any shippe, for no shippe myghte
receine it, the other tymber and bwzde was conueped out of
Englande. And thus was there builded the godlyeff Pallaice
of tymber that euer was broughte, and so curiously garni-
shed wythin and wythout. Then was prouifion made in
Englande and in Flounders for victuall, wine, and all other
thynges necessarie for the furniture of keasting and banque-
king.

Then came into Englande, Orleaunce Lyng of Armes in
France,

1519

Henrie the eyght.

France, made Proclamation at the Courte, that the Kyng of
England and the Frenche Kyng, in campe betwene Arde and
Guifnes with eighteene apdes, in June nerte ensuing, should
abide al commers being Gentlemen, at the tyft, & tourney,
and at barriers. And the like Proclamation was made in
the Courte of Fraunce, by Clarencius Kyng of Armes of Eng-
lande: also in the Courte of Burgoigne, in Almaine, and Italie.
For the furnishing of those Justes, there was deuised a tyft
and all thyngs necessarie for that enterprise, in a goodlye
plaine betwene Guifnes and Arde.

Kyng Henrie being infor med, that his realme of Ireland
was oute of order, discharged the Earle of Kyldare of his ob-
side of Deputye, and thereunto was appoynted the Earle
of Surrey Thomas Howard Lozde Admirall : wherefore the
faide Earle in the beginning of April, toke leave of the
Kyng, and the Duke of Norffolke his father, and passed into
Irelande with diuers Gentlemen, that hadde bæne of the
garrison of Tourney, and hadde with hym one hundred Peo-
men of the Kings Guarde, and other to the number of one
thousand men, and there he continued two yeres and more,
in whiche space he had manne battels and kirmishes, with
the wilde Trishe.

John Wilkinson: Nicholas Partridge, the 28.of September.
Sir Iames Yarforde Mercer, the 28.of October.

As King Henrie was at Canterbury with the Quæne, in
readinesse to haue passed the Sea, he heard of the Emperour
Charles his comming, who arriued at Hith in Kent, but lan-
ded at Douer on the fire and twentith of May, where he was
mette by the Lozde Cardinall Wolsey, who conducted him
from the choare of Douer, to the Cassetl there, where he was
lodged: On the nerte mornning King Henrie came riding
from Canterbury, to the Cassetl of Douer, where he saluted the
Emperour. And on Whitsonday earely in the mornning
these two noble Princes toke their horses and rode to the
Titie of Canterbury, not onelye to solempnise the sealt of
Pentecoste, but also to see the Quæne his aunte.

Pmm.tily.

The

Annoreg. 11.

Sherifes.
Mavors.

1520

Annoreg. 12.

926

Henrie the eyght.

The noble personages of the realme of Englande, and the
Quæne with hir traine of Ladyes receyued and welcomed
the Emperour to Caunterburie, where he remapned tyll the
Thursday nerte following, whyche was the laffe of Dape:
then he foke hys leaue of the King, and of all the Ladyes,
and so rode to Sandwich, where he foke hys Ships, and say-
led into Flaunders.

And the same dape the Kyng made fayle from the Poyfe
of Douer, and landed at Caleis aboute eleauen of the clocke,
and wPTH him the Quæne and Ladyes, and manye Pobles
of the Realme. The number of persons on the King and
Nuènes side were 4334, and of hozfes, 1637, besides the per-
sons on the Frenche Nuènes and Duke of Suffolk hir huf-
bandes, and of the Cardinalles.

On the fourth of June, the King wyth all hys Pobles,
as well the Quæne with hir traine of Ladies as other, with
the whole number of Pobles remoued from Calleis, to Guifnes,
into the molfe noble and royall lodging before ſene, for it
was a Pallaice made quadziant, and euerye quadziant was
328. foke long, whyche was in compaffe 1312. foke aboute.

The seauenth of June, the Kings of England and Fraunce
met at the campe betwene Guifnes and Arde, wyth bothe
their Hwzodes drawne and bozne before them.

The tenth of June, the King of Englande dyned with the
Frenche Quæne in the towne of Arde: and the Frenche Kyng
dyned the same day wyth the Quæne of England, in the new
Pallaice made before the Casset of Guifnes, which house was
the molfe sumptuous and coktlye of Riches, that hath bæne
fæne.

And after thys, these two Kings mette euery dape after
at Campe, wyth divers Lozds, and there iufted and turne-
ed fourteene dapes: and the two Nuènes met at Guifnes and
at Arde dyuers tymes.

The foure and twentith of June these two Kings and
Nuèns with their retinues, met at Camp where the Jults
were kept, & there they banqueted & daunced with maskings

and

Henry the eyghe.

and disguifings, that the like had not bin lightly ſène, al-
mofft all the night following, and then ſoke their leaue and
departed : and on the rrb. of June, the King of England and
the Quène, and all the Court, remoued from Guifnes to the
Towne of Caleis, where they rested.

On the tenth of July, the King with a goodly company
rode to the Towne of Grauelin in Flanders, and there mette
with Charles the Emperour, and on the next mozrow, the
Emperour, and the Lady Margaret, the Emperours Aunt
Duchess of Sauoy, with many other great States, came
with the King of England to the Towne of Caleis, whereby
all the Lords and States of England were displaced of their
lodgings: and for solace against their comming, was built
a Banqueting house eyghe hundred ſwte compasse, like
a Theatre, after a goodly deuise, builded in such manner, as
I thinke was never ſène, with ſirtène principals made of
great Malfes, betwirt every Maff four and twentie ſwte,
and all the outsides closed with bozde and canuas. Duer
it, and within round about by the sides, were made threes
Scaffolds on lofts one above another for men and women
to stand upon, and in the midd of the same Banqueting
house was set up a great piller of Timber made of eyghe
great Malfes, bound togither with iron bands, for to holde
them togither, for it was an hundred and four and thirtie
ſwte of length, and acoffire pound thirteene thillings foure
pence to set it by right. The Banqueting house was couered
ouer with Canuas, faſtne with ropes and iron as fall as
might be deuised. And within the ſayd house was paynted
the Heauens, with Starres, Sunne, Dione, and Clowdes,
with diuers other things made above ouer mens heads:
and ther were great Images of wickers couered, and made
like great men of diuers ſtrange Pations, and diuers rea-
sons were written by them of the Countreys that they were
likened to be off, and the Armes of those Countreys han-
ging by them. Also, there was made as it were many chips
under ſayle, and Windmilles going, and about the high

Hmm.v.

pilles

Banqueting
house in the
Tovyne of Caleis.

Richard Turpini

928

Henry the eyght.

piller of timber thatCODE dpzight in the midl, was made
Stages of Timber for Dzgans, and other instruments to
stande on, men to play on them, and for other Pufitions
and Pageants to be playde, when the King of England and
the Emperour should be at their Banquet, but in the moz-
ning of the same day, the winde beganne to rive, and at
night blew off all the Canwas, and all the elements, with
the Starres, Sunne, Dzone, and Clowdes, and the wind
blew out aboue a thousand Tozches, and other lightes of
lware that were prepared to give light to the Banquet, and
all the Kings leafes that were made with great riches, be-
sides all other things, were all dasbed and loft. The same
night, the King with fiftène persons moze, were richly ap-
parelled, and in a Maske went to the Emperours lodging,
and in the Chamber of presence daunced and reuelled, and
then departed. On the twelfth of July the Emperour and
the Lady Margaret supped with the King and the Quène
at the Checker, where the same night were eyght compa-
nyes of Malkers, and euery company twelue persons, all
in Gold, Siluer, and Ueluet richly apparelled.

The fourteenth of July, the Emperour departed from
Caleis toward Gruelin.

The eyghténth of July, the King of Englande with the
Quène departed from Caleis towards Calbais.

John Skevington Mer. Taylor: John Kyeme, the 28.of Sep.
Sir John Bruges Draper, the 28.of October.

King Henry kepte his Christmas at his Manour of
Greenewich, with much noblenesse, and open Court, and the
tenth day of Februarp in his owne person iufted with all
commers.

In this time Edward Duke of Buckingham was accused
of high Treason, wherefore the King directed his letters to
the sayd Duke, béeing at hys Manour of Thornebury in Glo-
cestershire, that incontinent he should come to his presence,
which commandement the Duke obeyed, and came hpto
London, where he was streightwapes arreted by Sir

Henry

Banqueting
house defaced
by tempest.

Duke of Buc
Kingham accu-
sed.
1521
Anno reg. 13