policy. They have the responsibility for developing and carrying out Government great value to them. I am sure, - especially now that a number of ideas between the men who have served on your panels is in actual face is producing results directly and indirectly. The interchange of imaginative and public spirited approach to the problems which we would like to take this opportunity to say that I think you

William Barclay Herling, New York

this initiative. I impact feel every measure of gratitude to you and your brothers for and I am sure that all Americans familiar with it and its working The Special Studies Project was certainly an impressive work.

Richard B. Teglium, President, Rock Corporation, William, Massachusetts

who take the time to read and digest it. Ataking a project will prove very helpful to me as it will to many others. I am certain that the date compiled during the course of ad homin

London B. Johnson, The Vice President, Washington, D. C.

ago. one of the reports when you rated this possibility a couple of times my obligations here at the Council kept me from working with you off of responsibility as well as on many others. I have often stated that that it has had important influence on the thinking of those in sessions the project. There are many instances where one can already see

I think there is no question of the great value of the work of

John C. Campbell, Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., New York

United States and the rest of the free world will be. the sooner we learn our lessons and apply them, the better off the two chief power groupings are viewed in large areas of the world, and everything in the Communist orbit is black. That isn't the way the assumption that everything in the western world is white and the that the worst mistake we can make is to proceed with the comparable that a certain amount of self-examination is in order for America's participants in this special study have reached. I feel very strongly

... I will greatly look forward to learning the conclusions that

Whitman Reid, Purchaser, New York

- 5 -

COMMITTEE

CONFIDENTIAL

Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, New York

I think there is real merit in your project and I hope some steps
will be taken as a result of it which will make our prospects even
brighter and more meaningful for our citizens as well as for the world.

John B. Oakes, The New York Times, New York

... I agree with you that those reports, all of which I read as they appeared, constitute a very great contribution to American thought on current problems. I look forward to having the book as a valuable addition to my library.

John Andrews King, Jr., Secretary, International Legal Studies, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts

... I am sure the book will constitute a useful contribution to public knowledge of the difficult problems and the great opportunities facing the United States today. Needless to say, I very much enjoyed my work for the Special Studies Project.

Joseph E. Johnson, President, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York

... It must give you and your colleagues at the Fund great satisfaction to look back on the Special Project and to realize that you contributed greatly by it to informed discussion about crucial problems and to a better understanding of many of them.

Townsend Hoopes, New York

It was extremely encouraging to learn that the Rockefeller Panel Reports are to be published in a single volume, and I look forward to distributing several copies to people who should read them. A single volume will bring home to people for the first time the really extra-ordinary scope of the undertaking and the impressive number and variety of first-rate minds who participated.

variety of first-rate minds who participated, ordinarily scope of the undertaking and the impressive number and volume will bring home to people for the first time the really extra-distributing several copies to people who should read them. A single report are to be published in a single volume, and I look forward to it was extremely encouraging to learn that the Rockefeller Panel

Townsend Hoopes, New York

problems and to a better understanding of many of them. You contributed greatly by it to informed discussion about crucial satisfaction to look back on the Special Project and to realize that ... It must give you and your colleagues at the Fund great

Pease, New York

Joseph E. Johnson, President, Carnegie Institution for International

my work for the Special Studies Project, facing the United States today. Needless to say, I very much enjoyed public knowledge of the difficult problems and the great opportunities ... I am sure the book will constitute a useful contribution to

addition to my library. On current problems. I look forward to hearing the book as a valuable they appeared, constitute a very great contribution to American thought ... I agree with you that those reports, all of which I read as

John B. Cakes, The New York Times, New York

preliminary and more meaningful for our citizens as well as for the world, will be taken as a result of it which will make our prospects even

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

- 4 -

George Champion, Chairman Board of Directors, The Chase Manhattan
Bank, New York

... Your Special Studies have made a great contribution to this
country and we are all indebted to you for it.

Frederick L. Anderson, New York

... I was honored to be a member of this Special Studies
Project, and I am quite certain that for the long pull it will have a
real impact upon the future of the United States.

Percy L. Douglas, Executive Vice President, Otis Elevator Company,
New York

I believe the reports have already created a great deal of
sound thinking and as time goes on their contribution will become
more and more valuable.

Milton S. Eisenhower, President, The Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Maryland

I have read the Rockefeller Panel Reports as they were issued
and have found it most profitable to do so. They are highly informative
and provoke thinking along new lines. Thus I am especially happy to
have a copy of *Prospect for America*. I shall be delighted to keep it in
my library, and I know I shall refer to it often.

Everett Case, President, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York

... Judging by the reports I have already seen, your Special
Studies Project has more than justified the investment of time, energy
and imagination which it required. I am delighted to have all the
reports thus brought together in one volume ...

J. E. Wallace Sterling, President, Stanford University, Stanford, Cal.

... I shall read this (*Prospect for America*) with great interest
and salute you and your associates for the vision and initiative which
produced it.

CONFIDENTIAL

- 5 -

John M. Schiff, New York

... I know that this (Prospect for America) will make most interesting reading, and I appreciate your sending me a copy. From what I have read in the newspapers, the efforts of the Rockefeller Panel are most important and well worth studying, in view of the complicated times in which we live.

Philip E. Mosely, Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., New York

... It has been a great pleasure to be allowed to take part in this important enterprise. I feel it has had a strong impact on policy thinking, both through its publications and through all that we, its participants, were able to learn through this common effort under Nelson's and your inspiration.

Bradford Morse, Congressman of Massachusetts, Washington, D. C.

... I look forward to reading it (Prospect for America) carefully, and you and your brothers deserve the thanks of the nation for the contribution to America and its future which your Special Studies Project has made.

George Hinman, New York

These Reports, now brought together in one volume, represent a unique and monumental contribution to the enlightenment and advancement of our society, and I congratulate you and the family for having provided the leadership and the means whereby the best thought of our country was brought so significantly and constructively to bear on the pressing problems of our times.

It represents a new dimension in good and responsible citizenship.

John A. Wheeler, Palmer Physical Laboratory, Princeton University

... The report just came late yesterday but it is already apparent from the first look at it what an important message it has. I'm very much impressed by the value to the country of this kind of thinking.

thinking.

I am very much impressed by the value to the country of this kind of
contribution from the fact that at what an important message it lies.
The report just came late yesterday but it is already

John A. Wheeler, Walter Physical Laboratory, Princeton University

citizenship.

It represents a new dimension in good and reasonable

thought of our country was brought so significantly and consistently
having provided the leadership and the means whereby the best
fulfillment of our society, and I congratulate you and the family for
a unique and monumental contribution to the enlightenment and ad-
These reports, now brought together in one volume, represent

Cecile Hinnan, New York

has made.

Appropriation to America and its future which your Special Studies Program and you and your brothers deserve the thanks of the nation for the com-
... I look forward to reading it (Prospect for American citizenship)

Bradford Morse, Congressman of Massachusetts, Washington, D.C.

Melson's and your inspiration.

its participants, were able to learn through this common effort under
policy thinking, both through its publications and through all that we
in this important enterprise. I feel it has had a strong impact on
... It has been a great pleasure to be allowed to take part

Rockefeller Panel are most important and well worth reading, in

John M. Schmitt, New York

CONFIDENTIAL

- 2 -

- 6 -

CONFIDENTIAL

Anna Lord Strauss, New York

You and the members of the Special Studies Project are to be congratulated on what you have done in undertaking these studies and thereby giving leadership to this country at a time when it was in great need of such definitive action.

J. Douglas Brown, Princeton University

... It is a most valuable document in bringing wisdom to bear upon crucial problems.

It was a rare privilege to participate in the panel on education. John Gardner's report was a masterful job which has and will have great and lasting influence.

Hadley Cantril, Institute for International Social Research, Princeton

The impressive volume arrived yesterday and I am most grateful for it. It really will be very useful for I continually find I am suggesting to various people that one or another of the reports has something to say on problems they are puzzling over. You and your brothers should feel very gratified with this successful conclusion of a major effort.

Kenneth Chorley, New York

I have read with interest the individual reports as they were released, but I am particularly pleased to have this volume which you have so kindly sent. I want to re-read the entire book because I feel it is one of the outstanding contributions of the age. To have such objective studies undertaken by a group of knowledgeable and dedicated citizens should have a far-reaching effect on the country as a whole. We are all indebted to the Rockefeller Brothers for this important work.

Charles A. H. Thomson, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California

... And I hope that this (Prospect for America) will not mark the conclusion of the efforts of the Special Studies Project in toto -- only for this phase.

only for this phase, the conclusion of the efforts of the Special Studies Project in so far as possible. And I hope that this (prospect for America) will not mark the end of our work.

Charles V. H. Thomson, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California

important work.

We are all indebted to the Rockefeller Brothers for the dedicated citizens should have a far-reaching effect on the country, such objective studies undertaken by a group of knowledgeable and able people. To thank you for your kind help, I want to read the entire book because I released it, but I am certainly pleased to have this volume which I have read with interest the individual reports as they were written.

Kenneth Chorley, New York

should feel very gratified with this successful conclusion of a major effort. To say on problems they are bustling over. You and your brothers find so various people that one or another of the reports has something for it. It really will be very useful for I continually find I am engaged in this impressive volume arrived yesterday and I am most grateful.

Hedley Garbutt, Institute for International Special Research, Princeton

and learning influence.

John Gardner's report was a masterful job which has and will have steel it was a rare privilege to participate in the panel on education.

upon critical problems.

... It is a most valuable document in bringing wisdom to bear.

J. Douglas Brown, Columbia University

Need of such definitive action, thereby giving leadership to this country at a time when it was in great difficulty. We must have done in understanding these studies and you and the members of the Special Studies Project are to be

Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York

COMMITTEE

CONFIDENTIAL

- 7 -

Henry M. Wriston, The American Assembly, Columbia University

... I hope it gets a wide circulation, for it has a great deal of material which will be useful in the discussion of national policy.

Henry Cabot Lodge

... There certainly is a great need for a study of this kind.

Louis J. Halle, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva

I admire the work the Fund has been doing and congratulate
you on it.

Richard S. Aldrich, IBEC, New York

... This effort in book form cannot help but be a guide to
every thinking American -- thus helping to shape our destinies.

Eugene Holman, New York

... it is readable (Prospect for America) and timely and I'm
hoping it will have a wide circulation.

... it is readable (respect for America) and timely and lin-

Hudson Institute, New York

everly thinking American -- thus helping to share out destinations.

... This effort in book form cannot help but be a catalyst to

August 2, 1964, Washington, D.C., New York

You on it.

Louis J. Wollan, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva

Henry Cabot Lodge

material which will be useful in the circulation of national policy.
... I hope it gets a wide circulation, for it has a great deal of

Henry M. Wrenson, The American Assembly, Columbia University

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

David D. Henry, President, University of Illinois

It will be helpful to have these important panel reports in
permanent format in the one volume and index. I am very glad to
have a copy of the book for my library and use.

E.B. Roth, Captain, USN

Just a brief perusal satisfies me that it (Prospect for America)
is an unusually important definitive piece of work and I appreciate
very much receiving it.

Raymond B. Fosdick, New York

Many thanks for sending me that advance copy of the book
Prospect for America. The Rockefeller Panel Reports have been an
immense stimulation to American thinking, and I am delighted to have
a volume which includes them all.

Mary Lasker, New York

I think you and the Trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund
have done a magnificent service, in having the studies made and in
the publication of the book.

Allen W. Dulles, Director, Central Intelligence Agency

I appreciate your thoughtfulness in making this publication
available to me and it will make a welcome and valuable addition to
my private library. I hope to look it over very shortly.

F.G. Hachwalt, Executive Secretary, The National Catholic Educational
Association, Washington, D.C.

...It is a monumental work and should do a great deal to
make our Nation the great influence for good and leadership it is and
must remain.

CONFIDENTIAL

- 9 -

E. V. Rickenbacker, Eastern Airlines

... I shall treasure the complete volume as I think we all may look back as the years roll by and appreciate all the more the value of the effort put forth by you in behalf of good old America.

John W. Nason, President, Foreign Policy Association - World Affairs Center

The Rockefeller Brothers Fund is to be congratulated on having been responsible for these thoughtful and penetrating analysis of some of the major problems of our generation. I hope that those of you who gave so much time and thought to the preparation and production of the reports feel some measure of the satisfaction which you deserve to feel now that they are complete.

Ruth M. Adams, Dean, Douglas College, New Jersey

... We are most grateful to the Trustees of the Rockefeller Fund for this conclusive report on the Special Studies Project.

J. H. Doolittle, Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., California

Appreciate the opportunity this affords to review the splendid work done by the Panel.

Maurice B. Mitchell, Encyclopaedia Britannica Films Inc., Illinois

I have followed this series of studies with a great deal of interest, and my feeling is that the Rockefeller Brothers Fund has made a great contribution to the sum of general knowledge in these important areas.

Hugh B. Patterson, Jr., Arkansas Gazette, Arkansas

These studies and reports are a great contribution to the welfare of America, and I agree that the pertinence of the subject matter continues.

CONFIDENTIAL

- 10 -

**Thomas C. Mann, Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.**

... The spirit of responsibility and concern that has guided the Rockefeller Panel is well known to us in the Department of State and I am looking forward with great interest to learning its findings in the advance copy of *Prospect for America* that you have been kind enough to send me.

**Foy D. Kohler, Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.**

These excellent studies deserve the careful attention of all American citizens, and the publication of the book is a real contribution to better understanding of the problems that face all of us.

**Edward W. Barrett, Dean, Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University**

Again, let me congratulate the Rockefeller Brothers Fund for this whole special study project. I feel it is one of the most significant developments of our day.

**William L. Clark, The Foreign Service of the U.S.A., London, England**

... This will be most useful and valuable here and we are grateful for your kindness in sending it to us.

**Governor Luis Munoz Marin, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico**

In seeking to clarify the challenges that face the United States and define its national purposes and objectives the Rockefeller Brothers Fund has made a notable contribution to the development of democracy in the United States.

**Bryce Wood, Social Science Research Council, New York**

It was a stimulating experience to be associated with a study for the book, and I am glad to have been able to contribute to its preparation.

CONFIDENTIAL

President John Kennedy, The White House, Washington, D. C.

I appreciate very much your kindness in seeing that I received an advance copy of *Prospect for America*, and hope you will accept my sincere thanks. I look forward with eagerness to studying this informative report on the problems and opportunities confronting our Nation.

Eugene R. Black, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
Washington, D. C.

I think that your Special Studies have been extremely valuable and I am sure that there was real merit in your group looking at America as it is, trying to discern what is expected of America, and what America must expect of itself. I, as a citizen of this country, am very grateful for what you have done.

August Heckscher, Director, The Twentieth Century Fund, New York

I have been wanting to tell you with what pleasure I received an early copy of *Prospect for America*. The book is well put together and printed, and should, I think, receive a wide hearing. Certainly there has rarely been an effort which received so large a measure of generous and disinterested work from all concerned, with an ideal of excellence kept clear throughout.

Robert J. McCracken, Minister, The Riverside Church, New York

I am most grateful for the gift copy of *Prospect for America*. The book, I am confident, will render a real public service. I covet for it the widest circulation and trust that makers of opinion and conviction will get to know of it and peruse it.

Edward R. Murrow, United States Information Agency, Washington, D. C.

The compilation of the Rockefeller Panel reports in one volume will, I know, be useful to me and to others within government and should result in better understanding of our problems by Americans everywhere.

CONFIDENTIAL

- 12 -

R. A. McLemore, President, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi

...This is an extremely important volume and I am very happy to have a complimentary copy in my library. I have spent much time with it already and I shall find it helpful in the days that lie ahead.

Henry W. Littlefield, Vice President, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Connecticut

...A preliminary look at the table of contents and the introductory material is more than sufficient to convince one of the tremendous impact that this publication can make upon people who become familiar with its contents. . .

Samuel T. Dana, Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, Washington, D. C.

**Prospect for America** has arrived safely and contains a wealth of interesting and stimulating material. If it commands the widespread attention it deserves, it should do much good. I have already read enough to whet my appetite for more, and have even found some ideas in Part V of which I can make use in a study of education in forestry that I am conducting for the Society of American Foresters.

J. H. Morse, Jr., Aerojet-General Corporation, Monterey, California

Thank you very much for the book which came the other day. It represents a very significant and useful effort.

Thomas E. Dewey, New York

This certainly appears to be a monumental and thoughtful study, and I look forward to reading it with great interest.

Henry M. Jackson, United States Senate, Washington, D. C.

Thank you very much for sending the book on to me as I know it will be a valuable addition to my library.

Thank you very much for sending me the book on to me as I know it

This certainly attracts to be a monumental and thoughtful study, and

Thomas F. Dewey, New York

Thank you very much for the book which can be the other day. It

J. H. Morse, Jr., Aerojet-General Corporation, Montclair, California

conducting for the Society of American Foresters,
at which I can make use in a study of education in forestry that I aim
to what my appetite for more, and have even found some ideas in Part V
attention it deserves, it should do much good. I have already read enough
of interesting and stimulating material. If it fulfills the widespread
Prospect for America has survived safely and contains a wealth
of information.

Washington, D. C.

its contents...

that this publication can make upon people who become families with
material is more than sufficient to convince one of the tremendous impact
...A preliminary look at the table of contents and the introduction

## Introduction

Henry W. Littlefield, Vice President, University of Mississippi, Mississippi

it already and I shall find it helpful in the days that its shelf
I have a complimentary copy in my library. I have agent much time with
...This is an extremely important volume and I am very happy

R. A. McElduff, President, Misatlasional College, Clinton, Mississippi

- 15 -

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

- 13 -

James P. Mitchell, Mitchell for Governor Committee, Newark, New Jersey

I think the concept behind this project is excellent. At this very moment I am in the process of taking a hard look at New Jersey and I am trying to find out how it can achieve its full potential as a major industrial state. In all candor, a political campaign is usually not a time for objective appraisals but in this instance I am becoming more and more convinced this state has a great future. Failure to realize it would be a terrible waste. I'm sure this compilation of the Rockefeller Panel Reports will be extremely helpful to me.

L. Judson Morhouse, Chairman, New York Republican State Committee

There is no question but that these studies represent one of the major accomplishments of our times. It is to be hoped that all Americans can show the same spirit of responsibility and concern that you mention.

Steward Udall, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C.

Many thanks for sending me an advance copy of *Prospect for America*. This is going to be part of my homework for sometime to come, and I congratulate you and your associates for making an invaluable contribution to guide the thinking and planning of the men who must make the decisions in the months and years ahead.

Harlan Cleveland, Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.

While it hasn't actually turned up yet, I am looking forward to the one volume edition of the "Rockefeller Panel Report." I enjoyed my own participation in one of those reports, since it made me think hard about conclusions from my earlier experience in the development of foreign economic programs. The Special Studies Project was an altogether extraordinary enterprise. It was one of the few major attempts by citizens in the private sector to substitute from the outside for the imaginative development of doctrine on public policy which was, by common consent, not proceeding widely or deeply enough in the public sector. Perhaps the best way to measure the success or failure of those of us who are now participating in the next phase of the continuing drama of American Government will be to ask whether we are generating, in the first instance inside the government, the quality of thinking which you and Nelson have had to generate on the outside. If we are not imaginative enough, the world will know it by a sure sign: that the Rockefeller Brothers Fund has to revive the Special Studies Project.

CONFIDENTIAL

- 14 -

Carlisle H. Humelsine, Williamsburg, Virginia

...As the summary reports of these panel discussions and papers have been published in the last few years, I have read them with much interest and have been very much impressed with the depth and clarity with which each subject was treated. I am delighted to see that they have now been organized, extended and supplemented in this one volume and will undoubtedly receive the attention that these reports so richly merit... The thinking of so many distinguished American citizens, on such basic American problems and opportunities, will be of continuing interest.

Harry S. Truman, Independence, Missouri

You don't know how very much I appreciate your sending me the advance copy of *Prospect for America*. Although I haven't had a chance to read it as yet I expect to do so with interest -- I know that it has been arranged for the welfare and benefit of the country as a whole.

Allan T. Waterman, Director, National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C.

Thank you very much for sending me a copy of *Prospect for America*. Of course I am familiar with the individual pamphlets covering the six studies made by experts under the direction of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund but it is indeed nice to have these in a single volume. To say the least, these reports are thought provoking and challenging, and the volume will become a valued addition to my library.

Eli Ginzberg, Conservation of Human Resources, Columbia University

... I have now had a chance to look through the volume (*Prospect for America*) and I want to tell you that I think it was a very constructive idea to put out the several reports in a single volume, not only for the general public but also for the large number of interested students. I plan to make use of the volume next fall.

plan to make use of the volume we shall.

General public but also for the large number of interested students. I
idee to put out the several reports in a single volume, not only for the
for America) and I want to tell you that I think it was a very constructive

... I have now had a chance to look through the volume (prospect

Ellis Gussberg, Conservation of Human Resources, Columbia University

Library.

challenged, and the volume will become a valued addition to my
volume. To say the least, these reports are thought provoking and
inspiring. Brother Fund put it in a way that I have never had the chance
to read the six articles I read under the direction of the lock-
Americans.

Of course I am familiar with the individual pamphlets by

Thank you very much for sending me a copy of Prospect by

Alan T. Wotman, Director, National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C.

arranged for the welfare and benefit of the country as a whole.
I need it as yet I expect to do so with interest -- I know that it has been
advance copy of Prospect for America... Although I haven't had a chance
You don't know how very much I appreciate your sending me the

American problems and opportunities, will be of continuing interest.
The thinking of so many distinguished American citizens, on such basic
will undoubtedly receive the attention that these reports so tightly merit...
now been organised, extended and supplemented in this one volume and
with which each subject was treated. I am delighted to see that these have
interest and have been very much improved with the depth and clear-
ness of the last few years. I have read them with much

...As the summary reports of these panel discussions are sent to

Caroline H. Humelstein, Williamsburg, Virginia

CONFIDENTIAL

Doubleday & Company, Inc., 575 Madison Avenue, New York 22
Chairman of the Board

March 10, 1961

Dear Sir:

On March 17th, Doubleday will publish PROSPECT FOR AMERICA, the first complete volume of the Rockefeller Panel Reports. Representing the combined efforts of some of our nation's finest minds, we believe it is one of the most important books of our time, and that it will stand for years to come as a remarkable and enduring blueprint for a stronger, more imaginative, better educated America.

The Special Studies Project of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund was organized in 1956. As Laurance S. Rockefeller points out in his preface to the present volume, it sought to do three things:

1. To define the major problems and opportunities that will challenge the United States over the next ten to fifteen years;

2. To clarify the national purposes and objectives that must inspire and direct the meeting of such great challenges; and

3. To develop a framework of principles on which national policies and decisions can be soundly based.

PROSPECT FOR AMERICA is the culmination of this four year effort, a book which fulfills the original objectives of the Special Studies Project and meets the challenges faced by America today with the vigor of fresh ideas.

(more inside)

Each of the six reports included in PROSPECT FOR AMERICA was enthusiastically received when individually published. Of International Security: The Military Aspect, James Reston said "it is one of the most thorough and solemn analyses of the West's security problems produced since the war." The Challenge to America: Its Economic and Social Aspects was called "intelligent capitalism at its finest" by the New York Herald Tribune and "a remarkable document which deserves the close attention and study of all thinking citizens" by the New York Times.

The Mid-Century Challenge to U. S. Foreign Policy, said the Washington Post, is "an impressive document well worth the attention of all Americans interested in the future of their country." The Power of the Democratic Idea might "truly revitalize and make real the great ideas we have come to take for granted..." (Dave Garroway, in McCall's Magazine).

The Washington Star described Foreign Economic Policy for the Twentieth Century as a "powerful and very timely appeal for establishment of a new 'economic structure' for the free world." And The Pursuit of Excellence: Education and The Future of America was recognized by Saturday Review as a study that "provides a vital resource of ideas and insights."

I believe it is important that as many Americans as possible read and own PROSPECT FOR AMERICA. I know that you will want a copy for your own library, and hope you will tell your friends and associates of its availability and of its vital importance to us all.

An order card is enclosed for your convenience. It may be returned either to your own bookseller or to Doubleday & Company.

Section IV-B

Frank R. Barnett

# WHAT CAN BE DONE BY PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS?

## Dr. Rostow

1. As an experiment, it might be useful to conduct seminars on National Policy -- similar to the meeting here today -- for segments of American leadership which are not normally involved, either as "intellectuals" or as former public servants, in foreign policy discussions.

2. Perhaps this group could also initiate a program of public education on the wisdom of extending long-term government aid -- on a low interest loan basis -- that would enable both India and Pakistan to fulfill their new 5-year plans. It might also be possible to persuada a group of responsible senior statesmen (like Messrs. McCloy, Clay, Herter, Hoffman, C. D. Jackson, et al.) to make a direct approach to the Executive Branch on this issue. Nehru now appears to be unhappy with "B & K's" political intervention in Indian affairs, and thus we are confronted with a splendid opportunity to win him over to the Free World's way of doing business.

(2)

Dr. Millikan

It is imperative that no political conditions be attached to this
loan. The psychological impact of an unmistakably generous act,
however, will doubtless react in our favor throughout Asia. (In
response to a question from Dr. Strausz-Hupe, Dr. Millikan explained
that Nehru would be unable to apply for a loan through normal
banking channels since

a. development projects, necessarily, are not
always self-liquidating, and

b. private interests must take into account
the admitted danger of nationalization and/or
confiscation of assets.)

Mr. Rockefeller

This is the sort of tangible, major issue that must be faced by
groups recommending policy. Messrs. Rostow and Millikan are correct
in emphasizing that a symbolic gesture of sympathy should transcend
narrow political considerations.

Colonel Kintner

As a practical matter, we should ask ourselves

a. what alternatives are really open to Nehru?
and

b. to what extent could the Soviets actually
fulfill commitments if Nehru turned to our
"competition" for help?

-3-

The argument that we should ask "absolutely nothing" in return for
our aid needs to be analyzed in the light of history. Surely all
relations between sovereign states are two-sided affairs. A nation
which needs and wants our capital should make an effort to create
situations that will naturally attract it. India, however, has
gone out of its way repeatedly and consistently to hurt our military
and diplomatic position in Southeast Asia.

Dr. Rostov

India, by democratic means, can evolve a self-stimulating economy
by 1961 without resorting to the enforced starvation and compulsions
that are part of Communist China's economic effort. All of Asia
will be comparing these radically different methods. This means
that the whole issue between Communism and Democracy, in Asia, may
be decided within the next five years. The deficit in the Indian
plan, which we can underwrite, is crucial to freedom's side of that
debate.

Dr. Cantril

From the psychological point of view, granting a loan on the terms
outlined would have great symbolic value inasmuch as, in this
instance, America would be identifying itself with the interests
of others.

Dr. Elliott

In an election year -- and with Foreign Aid a sore point of debate
on Capitol Hill -- this recommendation presents a serious, domestic

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political problem. There is no point in trying to persuade the
President to support a program that simply cannot get through
Congress.

On the other hand, Nehru's hold on India is indeed shaky, and we
ought to back anybody who can keep the subcontinent out of the
Communist bloc. If the Communists furnish aid, they will send
agents to increase their political advantage.

Skill in negotiation might produce agreement on a reasonable rate
of interest and put this loan in a context of respectable "banking"
principles. At the outset, only a small percentage of the total
aid required could be absorbed anyway, which means that we could
"ease into the problem" gradually and through the use, primarily,
of agricultural surpluses.

Dr. Linebarger

We should not permit ourselves to be maneuvered by the "deadline"
of Nehru's July visit into a position where we are obliged to give
a "yes or no" answer to this problem. Nor should we in any way
encourage Nehru to commit himself to some such false dilemma.

Colonel Lincoln

Opportunities to play an exciting role on the world stage are few
and far between. America needs to do things that are dramatic.
Nehru's visit gives us a chance to capture the imagination of all
Asia.

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Dr. Possony

Equally dramatic gestures could be made to strengthen Diem or Rhee
or our friends in Pakistan. To reward those who have sided with
us unequivocally would be a refreshing and new thing to do, and
might encourage others to adopt the same positive stance.

Mr. Lydman

We cannot assume that <u>all</u> of Asia would be favorably impressed with
our loan to India. In fact, there might be adverse repercussions
on the delicate structure of SEATO. A dramatic gesture of generosity
to a power who refuses to take sides might enhance the prestige of
neutralists -- at the expense of our Asian allies -- and tempt other
nations to embrace neutrality as a means of pressuring the U.S. into
"pushing up the ante" in order to ensure their good will.

Dr. Strausz-Hupe

Actually, we need a great deal more research before we can make an
intelligent judgment on this matter. Does anybody really know what
kind of multiplier effect would be produced on the Indian economy
by an annual loan of, say, 200 million dollars? Moreover, we would
have to weigh favorable psychological reactions in India against
unfavorable reactions in South Korea, Formosa, the Philippines,
Pakistan and elsewhere. Finally, there is the abstract -- but
important -- question of our own national honor. India has per-
sistently and systematically undermined our position throughout Asia
and the Pacific. What happens to our national character -- and
reputation in the world -- if we rush to placate Nehru?

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General Parker

The purpose of today's meeting was the establishment of machinery
for research into the problem of defining and implementing national
objectives, not the discussion of specific tactical programs which
require immediate decision. We should return to the central problem.

Mr. Rockefeller

This discussion exemplifies the problem of making decisions on
particular policy matters. When no over-all purpose or national
objective has been carefully defined, it is impossible to reach
agreement on what should be done in some specific area. The
difference of opinion expressed here emphasizes the need for
an attempt to evolve a basic philosophy which can serve as a
touchstone for concrete recommendations in the future.

Mr. Free

In terms of improving public education on policy matters, the press
is the natural and regular channel which reaches our elite. Perhaps
it would be possible to hold more briefing sessions for the Washington
news corps, foreign correspondents, columnists and TV commentators.
It might also be helpful to furnish to these people research material
in forms that would be usable to men who have to meet deadlines.

Mr. Jamieson

Newsmen do have inadequate research facilities. The great problem,
however, is the credibility of the sources of information. The
press is skeptical of "free" information distributed by government

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or any private group that may have a vested interest in forming
public opinion.

General Anderson

The important thing in approaching the press is careful selection
of men who are personally known to some members of the orientation
group. The briefing session should be open only on an invitational
and prestige basis. If, for example, 4 or 5 newsmen had been
invited to participate in today's discussion, indirect results
might have been produced in some segments of the press for nearly
a year.

Mr. Barnett

One of the big problems is how to get more of our own "activities"
on to some sector of the Cold War front; for, obviously, the Soviets
have all of their activists engaged. American corporations have a
virtually untapped reservoir of vitality, brainpower, organizational
skill and funds for special projects. Moreover, corporations with
vast overseas assets have a direct and selfish interest in checking
further Communist aggression. Finally, some corporations already
recognize their responsibility to create a moral and political
"climate of opinion", at the local level, that will enable the
business community to thrive. It is not too great a jump in thinking
for these corporations to accept the notion that they must actively
participate in the arena of national and international affairs in
order to ensure their vital interests.

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What may be needed, therefore, is the equivalent of the Harvard
School of Advanced Management to train executives -- in, say, an
eight weeks' course -- for the great tasks of public affairs.
Once they are trained, they can make substantial contributions
to national security

a. by releasing able men for government service;

b. by channeling new kinds of information through
the internal lines of communication of corporate
life;

c. by using the prestige of business leadership to
form public opinion at the community level;

d. by committing corporate funds to research and
education in national security affairs.

Colonel Lincoln

It is not enough to "brief" businessmen. It should be possible
to devise ways to encourage them to exercise initiative in trying
to solve some real foreign policy problems. We urgently need
more **action** and less exchange of views among the same circle of
intellectuals who dominate most seminars on policy questions.

General Anderson

We can mobilize industrial leaders for these tasks provided the job
is done right the first time. There should be no junkets, and the
businessman must be enlisted for a project in which he has real
competence and a direct interest. Start with a concrete problem,

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a specific agenda, plenty of facts and a limited target. The top command will probably not commit itself for more than one day, so good staff work should precede the conference.

Dr. Pettee

One way to begin would be to approach Grace or Aramco with a specific proposal and the offer to furnish a staff assistant and research materials. A great many seminars, conferences, and other educational programs aimed at the businessman are already in operation. There is little point in another venture of this nature unless we create something different in magnitude which, in time, enjoys great prestige and institutional power. But, if it becomes possible to establish a civilian counterpart to the War College, we can recruit and organize a "capital fund of brainpower." The first job, however, is to enumerate and evaluate the various groups which are already trying to do something in this general area.

Dr. Elliott

Good people are in short supply. We should follow through on Mr. Webster's demand for a non-partisan roster of men who are available for government service or research jobs or opinion-forming tasks. It would be useful if everyone here would send four or five recommendations to Mr. Rockefeller. We need to extend this work to other parts of the country.