yakdoli/chandra-27b-ocr-v1 huggingface dataset:
제16935호                          관           보                2009. 2.10. (화요일)
   article 9.1.3.
                                       ARTICLE 15
                               RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY
 In accordance with the principles of international law regarding State responsibility for
damage to the environment of other States or to any other area of the environment, the
Contracting Parties undertake to develop procedures regarding liability arising from the
dumping or incineration at sea of wastes or other matter.
                                       ARTICLE 16
                                 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
1. Any disputes regarding the interpretation or application of this Protocol shall be
 resolved in the first instance through negotiation, mediation or conciliation, or other
 peaceful means chosen by parties to the dispute.
2. If no resolution is possible within twelve months after one Contracting Party has
 notified another that a dispute exists between them, the dispute shall be settled, at
 the request of a party to the dispute, by means of the Arbitral Procedure set forth in
 Annex 3, unless the parties to the dispute agree to use one of the procedures listed
 in paragraph 1 of Article 287 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of
 the Sea. The parties to the dispute may so agree, whether or not they are also States
 Parties to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
3. In the event an agreement to use one of the procedures listed in paragraph 1 of
 Article 287 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is reached,
 the provisions set forth in Part XV of that Convention that are related to the chosen
 procedure would also apply, mutatis mutandis.
4. The twelve month period referred to in paragraph 2 may be extended for another
 twelve months by mutual consent of the parties concerned.
5. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, any State may, at the time it expresses its consent to
 be bound by this Protocol, notify the Secretary-General that, when it is a party to a
 dispute about the interpretation or application of article 3.1 or 3.2, its consent will be
 required before the dispute may be settled by means of the Arbitral Procedure set forth
 in Annex 3.
                                       ARTICLE 17
                               INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION
 Contracting Parties shall promote the objectives of this Protocol within the competent
international organizations.
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                                          ARTICLE 18
                        MEETINGS OF CONTRACTING PARTIES
1. Meetings of Contracting Parties or Special Meetings of Contracting Parties shall
 keep under continuing review the implementation of this Protocol and evaluate
 its effectiveness with a view to identifying means of strengthening action, where
 necessary, to prevent, reduce and where practicable eliminate pollution caused by
 dumping and incineration at sea of wastes or other matter. To these ends, Meetings of
 Contracting Parties or Special Meetings of Contracting Parties may:
 1. review and adopt amendments to this Protocol in accordance with articles 21 and 22;
 2. establish subsidiary bodies, as required, to consider any matter with a view to
   facilitating the effective implementation of this Protocol;
 3. invite appropriate expert bodies to advise the Contracting Parties or the Organization
   on matters relevant to this Protocol;
 4. promote co-operation with competent international organizations concerned with the
   prevention and control of pollution;
 5. consider the information made available pursuant to article 9.4;
 6. develop or adopt, in consultation with competent international organizations,
   procedures referred to in article 8.2, including basic criteria for determining
   exceptional and emergency situations, and procedures for consultative advice and the
   safe disposal of matter at sea in such circumstances;
 7. consider and adopt resolutions; and
 8. consider any additional action that may be required.
2. The Contracting Parties at their first Meeting shall establish rules of procedure as
 necessary.
                                          ARTICLE 19
                            DUTIES OF THE ORGANIZATION
1. The Organization shall be responsible for Secretariat duties in relation to this Protocol.
 Any Contracting Party to this Protocol not being a member of this Organization shall
 make an appropriate contribution to the expenses incurred by the Organization in
 performing these duties.
2. Secretariat duties necessary for the administration of this Protocol include:
 1. convening Meetings of Contracting Parties once per year, unless otherwise decided
   by Contracting Parties, and Special Meetings of Contracting Parties at any time on
   the request of two-third of the Contracting Parties;
 2. providing advice on request on the implementation of this Protocol and on guidance
   and procedures developed thereunder;

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 3. considering enquiries by, and information from Contracting Parties, consulting
   with them and with the competent international organizations, and providing
   recommendations to Contracting Parties on questions related to, but not specifically
   covered by, this Protocol;
 4. preparing and assisting, in consultation with Contracting Parties and the competent
   international organizations, in the development and implementation of procedures
   referred to in article 18.6.;
 5. conveying to the Contracting Parties concerned all notifications received by the
   Organization in accordance with this Protocol; and
 6. preparing, every two years, a budget and a financial account for the administration
   of this Protocol which shall be distributed to all Contracting Parties.
3. The Organization shall, subject to the availability of adequate resources, in addition to
 the requirements set out in article 13.2.3.
 1. collaborate in assessments of the state of the marine environment; and
 2. co-operate with competent international organizations concerned with the prevention
   and control of pollution.
                                       ARTICLE 20
                                         ANNEXES
 Annexes to this Protocol form an integral part of this Protocol.
                                       ARTICLE 21
                            AMENDMENT OF THE PROTOCOL
1. Any Contracting Party may propose amendments to the articles of this Protocol. The
 text of a proposed amendment shall be communicated to Contracting Parties by the
 Organization at least six months prior to its consideration at a Meeting of Contracting
 Parties or a Special Meeting of Contracting Parties.
2. Amendments to the articles of this Protocol shall be adopted by a two-third majority
 vote of the Contracting Parties which are present and voting at the Meeting of
 Contracting Parties or Special Meeting of Contracting Parties designated for this
 purpose.
3. An amendment shall enter into force for the Contracting Parties which have accepted
 it on the sixtieth day after two-thirds of the Contracting Parties shall have deposited
 an instrument of acceptance of the amendment with the Organization. Thereafter
 the amendment shall enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the sixtieth
 day after the date on which that Contracting Party has deposited its instrument of
 acceptance of the amendment.
4. The Secretary-General shall inform Contracting Parties of any amendments adopted at

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 Meetings of Contracting Parties and of the date on which such amendments enter into
 force generally and for each Contracting Party.
5. After entry into force of an amendment to this Protocol, any State that becomes a
 Contracting Party to this Protocol shall become a Contracting Party to this Protocol
 as amended, unless two-thirds of the Contracting Parties present and voting at the
 Meeting or Special Meeting of Contracting Parties adopting the amendment agree
 otherwise.
                                       ARTICLE 22
                            AMENDMENT OF THE ANNEXES
1. Any Contracting Party may propose amendments to the Annexes to this Protocol. The
 text of a proposed amendment shall be communicated to Contracting Parties by the
 Organization at least six months prior to its consideration by a Meeting of Contracting
 Parties or Special Meeting of Contracting Parties.
2. Amendments to the Annexes other than Annex 3 will be based on scientific or
 technical considerations and may take into account legal, social and economic factors
 as appropriate. Such amendments shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the
 Contracting Parties present and voting at a Meeting of Contracting Parties or Special
 Meeting of Contracting Parties designated for this purpose.
3. The Organization shall without delay communicate to Contracting Parties amendments
 to the Annexes that have been adopted at a Meeting of Contracting Parties or Special
 Meeting of Contracting Parties.
4. Except as provided in paragraph 7, amendments to the Annexes shall enter into
 force for each Contracting Party immediately on notification of its acceptance to the
 Organization or 100 days after the date of their adoption at a Meeting of Contracting
 Parties, if that is later, except for those Contracting Parties which before the end of
 the 100 days make a declaration that they are not able to accept the amendment at
 that time. A Contracting Party may at any time substitute an acceptance for a previous
 declaration of objection and the amendment previously objected to shall thereupon enter
 into force for that Contracting Party.
5. The Secretary-General shall without delay notify Contracting Parties of instruments of
 acceptance or objection deposited with the Organization.
6. A new Annex or an amendment to an Annex which is related to an amendment to the
 articles of this Protocol shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to
 the articles of this Protocol enters into force.
7. With regard to amendments to Annex 3 concerning the Arbitral Procedure and
 with regard to the adoption and entry into force of new Annexes the procedures on

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제16935호                          관               보                  2009. 2.10. (화요일)
 amendments to the articles of this Protocol shall apply.
                                       ARTICLE 23
        RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROTOCOL AND THE CONVENTION
 This Protocol will supersede the Convention as between Contracting Parties to this
Protocol which are also Parties to the Convention.
                                       ARTICLE 24
     SIGNATURE, RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL AND ACCESSION
1. This Protocol shall be open for signature by any State at the Headquarters of the
 Organization from 1 April 1997 to 31 March 1998 and shall thereafter remain open for
 accession by any State.
2. States may become Contracting Parties to this Protocol by:
 1. signature not subject to ratification, acceptance or approval; or
 2. signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification,
   acceptance or approval; or
 3. accession.
3. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an
 instrument to that effect with the Secretary-General.
                                       ARTICLE 25
                                  ENTRY INTO FORCE
1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date on which:
 1. at least 26 States have expressed their consent to be bound by this Protocol in
   accordance with article 24; and
 2. at least 15 Contracting Parties to the Convention are included in the number of
   States referred to in paragraph 1.1.
2. For each State that has expressed its consent to be bound by this Protocol in
 accordance with article 24 following the date referred to in paragraph 1, this Protocol
 shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on which such State expressed
 its consent.
                                       ARTICLE 26
                                TRANSITIONAL PERIOD
1. Any State that was not a Contracting Party to the Convention before 31 December
 1996 and that expresses its consent to be bound by this Protocol prior to its entry into
 force or within five years after its entry into force may, at the time it expresses its
 consent, notify the Secretary-General that, for reasons described in the notification,
 it will not be able to comply with specific provisions of this Protocol other than those
 provided in paragraph 2, for a transitional period that shall not exceed that described

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제16935호                            관          보               2009. 2.10. (화요일)
 in paragraph 4.
2. No notification made under paragraph 1 shall affect the obligations of a Contracting
 Party to this Protocol with respect to incineration at sea or the dumping of radioactive
 wastes or other radioactive matter.
3. Any Contracting Party to this Protocol that has notified the Secretary-General under
 paragraph 1 that, for the specified transitional period, it will not be able to comply,
 in part or in whole, with article 4.1 or article 9 shall nonetheless during that period
 prohibit the dumping of wastes or other matter for which it has not issued a permit,
 use its best efforts to adopt administrative or legislative measures to ensure that
 issuance of permits and permit conditions comply with the provisions of Annex2 and
 notify the Secretary-General of any permits issued.
4. Any transitional period specified in a notification made under paragraph 1 shall not
 extend beyond five years after such notification is submitted.
5. Contracting Parties that have made a notification under paragraph 1 shall submit to
 the first Meeting of Contracting Parties occurring after deposit of their instrument of
 ratification, acceptance, approval or accession a programme and timetable to achieve
 full compliance with this Protocol, together with any requests for relevant technical
 co-operation and assistance in accordance with article 13 of this Protocol.
6. Contracting Parties that have made a notification under paragraph 1 shall establish
 procedures and mechanisms for the transitional period to implement and monitor
 submitted programmes designed to achieve full compliance with this Protocol. A report
 on progress toward compliance shall be submitted by such Contracting Parties to each
 Meeting of Contracting Parties held during their transitional period for appropriate
 action.
                                       ARTICLE 27
                                       WITHDRAWAL
1. Any Contracting Party may withdraw from this Protocol at any time after the expiry of
 two years from the date on which this Protocol enters into force for that Contracting
 Party.
2. Withdrawal shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of withdrawal with the
 Secretary-General.
3. A withdrawal shall take effect one year after receipt by the Secretary-General of the
 instrument of withdrawal or such longer period as may be specified in that instrument.
                                       ARTICLE 28
                                       DEPOSITARY
1. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Secretary-General.

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2. In addition to the functions specified in articles 10.5, 16.5, 21.4, 22.5 and 26.5, the
 Secretary-General shall:
 1. inform all States which have signed this Protocol or acceded thereto of:
   1. each new signature or deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval
     or accession, together with the date thereof;
   2. the date of entry into force of this Protocol; and
   3. the deposit of any instrument of withdrawal from this Protocol together with the
     date on which it was received and the date on which the withdrawal takes effect;
 2. transmit certified copies of this Protocol to all States which have signed this
   Protocol or acceded thereto.
3. As soon as this Protocol enters into force, a certified true copy thereof shall be
 transmitted by the Secretary-General to the Secretariat of the United Nations for
 registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United
 Nations.
                                       ARTICLE 29
                                   AUTHENTIC TEXTS
 This Protocol is established in a single original in the Arabic, Chinese, English, French,
Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic.
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned being duly authorized by their respective
Governments for that purpose have signed this Protocol.
 DONE AT LONDON, this seventh day of November, one thousand nine hundred and
ninety-six.
                                            ANNEX 1
                            WASTES OR OTHER MATTER THAT
                         MAY BE CONSIDERED FOR DUMPING
1. The following wastes or other matter are those that may be considered for dumping
 being mindful of the Objectives and General Obligations of this Protocol set out in
 articles 2 and 3:
 1. dredged material;
 2. sewage sludge;
 3. fish waste, or material resulting from industrial fish processing operations;
 4. vessels and platforms or other man-made structures at sea;
 5. inert, inorganic geological material;
 6. organic material of natural origin; and
 7. bulky items primarily comprising iron, steel, concrete and similarly unharmful
   materials for which the concern is physical impact, and limited to those circumstances

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   where such wastes are generated at locations, such as small islands with isolated
   communities, having no practicable access to disposal options other than dumping.
2. The wastes or other matter listed in paragraphs 1.4 and 1.7 may be considered
 for dumping, provided that material capable of creating floating debris or otherwise
 contributing to pollution of the marine environment has been removed to the maximum
 extent and provided that the material dumped poses no serious obstacle to fishing or
 navigation.
3. Notwithstanding the above, materials listed in paragraphs 1.1 to 1.7 containing levels
 of radioactivity greater than de minimis (exempt) concentrations as defined by the
 IAEA and adopted by Contracting Parties, shall not be considered eligible for dumping;
 provided further that within 25 years of 20 February 1994, and at each 25 year
 interval thereafter, Contracting Parties shall complete a scientific study relating to all
 radioactive wastes and other radioactive matter other than high level wastes or matter,
 taking into account such other factors as Contracting Parties consider appropriate and
 shall review the prohibition on dumping of such substances in accordance with the
 procedures set forth in article 22.
                                            ANNEX 2
                     ASSESSMENT OF WASTES OR OTHER MATTER
                      THAT MAY BE CONSIDERED FOR DUMPING
                                            GENERAL
1. The acceptance of dumping under certain circumstances shall not remove the
 obligations under this Annex to make further attempts to reduce the necessity for
 dumping.
                                WASTE PREVENTION AUDIT
2. The initial stages in assessing alternatives to dumping should, as appropriate, include
 an evaluation of:
 1. types, amounts and relative hazard of wastes generated;
 2. details of the production process and the sources of wastes within that process; and
 3. feasibility of the following waste reduction/prevention techniques:
   1. product reformulation;
   2. clean production technologies;
   3. process modification;
   4. input substitution; and
   5. on-site, closed-loop recycling.
3. In general terms, if the required audit reveals that opportunities exist for waste
 prevention at source, an applicant is expected to formulate and implement a waste

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 prevention strategy, in collaboration with relevant local and national agencies, which
 includes specific waste reduction targets and provision for further waste prevention
 audits to ensure that these targets are being met. Permit issuance or renewal decisions
 shall assure compliance with any resulting waste reduction and prevention requirements.
4. For dredged material and sewage sludge, the goal of waste management should be
 to identify and control the sources of contamination. This should be achieved through
 implementation of waste prevention strategies and requires collaboration between the
 relevant local and national agencies involved with the control of point and non-point
 sources of pollution. Until this objective is met, the problems of contaminated dredged
 material may be addressed by using disposal management techniques at sea or on land.
                CONSIDERATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
5. Applications to dump wastes or other matter shall demonstrate that appropriate
 consideration has been given to the following hierarchy of waste management options,
 which implies an order of increasing environmental impact:
 1. re-use;
 2. off-site recycling;
 3. destruction of hazardous constituents;
 4. treatment to reduce or remove the hazardous constituents; and
 5. disposal on land, into air and in water.
6. A permit to dump wastes or other matter shall be refused if the permitting authority
 determines that appropriate opportunities exist to re-use, recycle or treat the waste
 without undue risks to human health or the environment or disproportionate costs. The
 practical availability of other means of disposal should be considered in the light of a
 comparative risk assessment involving both dumping and the alternatives.
                CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
7. A detailed description and characterization of the waste is an essential precondition
 for the consideration of alternatives and the basis for a decision as to whether a waste
 may be dumped. If a waste is so poorly characterized that proper assessment cannot
 be made of its potential impacts on human health and the environment, that waste
 shall not be dumped.
8. Characterization of the wastes and their constituents shall take into account:
 1. origin, total amount, form and average composition;
 2. properties: physical, chemical, biochemical and biological;
 3. toxicity;
 4. persistence: physical, chemical and biological; and
 5. accumulation and biotransformation in biological materials or sediments.

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