yakdoli/chandra-27b-ocr-v1 huggingface dataset:
and
the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the “Union”),
of the other part,
hereinafter referred to individually as “Party” and jointly as “Parties”,
WISHING to establish a lasting framework for cooperation between the Parties with 
clear conditions for the participation of the Korea in Union programmes or activities as 
well as a mechanism facilitating the establishment of such participation in individual Union 
programmes or activities,
CONSIDERING the common goals, values and strong links of the Parties established in 
the past through the Framework Agreement between the Republic of Korea, on the one 
part, and the European Union and its Member States, on the other part, the Free Trade 
Agreement between the Republic of Korea, of the one part, and the European Union and 
its Member States, of the other part, and the Agreement on the Scientific and 
Technological Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Korea and the 
European Community, which provide a general framework for collaboration in the field of 
research and innovation between the Parties, 
RECOGNISING the common desire of the Parties to further develop, strengthen, 
stimulate and extend their relations and cooperation therein,
RECOGNISING the key importance of the shared fundamental values and principles 
underpinning the international cooperation between the Parties in research and innovation, 
such as ethics and integrity in research, gender equality and equal opportunities, and the 
shared objective of the Parties to foster and facilitate cooperation between organisations 
in the field of research and innovation, including universities, and the exchange of best 
practices and attractive research careers, facilitate cross-border and inter-sectoral 
mobility of researchers, foster free movement of scientific knowledge and innovation, 
promote the respect of academic freedom and freedom of scientific research, and support 
science education and communication activities,
ACKNOWLEDGING the intention of the Parties to mutually cooperate and contribute to 
research and innovation activities and the Union missions aiming at supporting and 
strengthening research capacities in order to face global challenges as well as to deepen 
their respective industrial competitiveness, and in turn, to achieve a transformative and 
systemic impact for their societies in support of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable 
Development Goals, and to work together in the priority areas for cooperation set out in 
the Republic of Korea – European Union Digital Partnership launched on 28 November 
2022 and the Republic of Korea – European Union Green Partnership launched on 22 
May 2023,
CONSIDERING the Parties’ efforts to lead the response by joining forces with their 
international partners to address global challenges in line with the plan of action for 
people, planet 
and prosperity in the Resolution of 
the UN General Assembly 
‘Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’1), and 
acknowledging that research and innovation are key drivers and essential tools for 
innovation-led sustainable growth, and for economic competitiveness and attractiveness,
WHEREAS the Union programme Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for 
Research and Innovation (2021-2027) (hereinafter referred to as “Horizon Europe”) 
was established by Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the 
Council2),
RECOGNISING the general principles as set out in Regulation (EU) 2021/695,
EMPHASISING the role of the European Partnerships addressing some of Europe's 
most 
pressing 
challenges 
through 
concerted 
research 
and 
innovation 
initiatives 
contributing significantly to those Union’s priorities in the area of research and 
innovation that require critical mass and long-term vision and the importance of 
associated countries’ involvement in those Partnerships, and
RECOGNISING that reciprocal participation in each other's research and innovation 
programmes should provide mutual benefits, while acknowledging that the Parties reserve 
their right to limit or condition participation in their research and innovation programmes, 
1)
UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/70/1 of 25 September 2015.
2)
Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing 
Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, laying down its rules for 
participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1290/2013 and (EU) No 1291/2013 (OJ 
EU L 170, 12.5.2021, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/695/oj).
including, in particular, for actions related to their strategic assets, interests, autonomy 
or security, 
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Article 1
Subject matter
This Agreement establishes the terms and conditions applicable to the participation of 
Korea in any Union programme or activity that is covered by a Protocol to this 
Agreement.
Article 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions apply:
(a) “basic act” means:
      (i) a legal act of one or more Union institutions, other than a recommendation or 
an opinion, establishing a programme, which provides a legal basis for an action 
and for the implementation of the corresponding expenditure entered in the 
general budget of the Union (hereinafter referred to as the “Union budget”) 
or of the budgetary guarantee or financial assistance backed by the Union 
budget, including any amendment and any relevant acts of a Union institution 
which supplement 
or 
implement 
that act, except 
those 
adopting 
work 
programmes, or
      (ii) a legal act of one or more Union institutions, other than a recommendation or 
an opinion, establishing an activity financed from the Union budget other than 
programmes, including any amendment and any relevant acts of a Union 
institution which supplement or implement that legal act, except those adopting 
work programmes;
   (b)“funding agreement” means agreements relating to Union programmes and 
activities under the Protocols to this Agreement, in which Korea participates, which 
implement Union funding, such as grant agreements, contribution agreements, 
financial framework partnership agreements, financing agreements and guarantee
agreements;
   (c) “other rules pertaining to the implementation of the Union programme and 
activity” means rules laid down in Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 of the 
European Parliament and of the Council3) (hereinafter referred to as the “Financial 
Regulation”) that apply to the Union budget, and in the work programme or in the 
calls or other Union award procedures;
   (d)“Union award procedure” means a procedure for award of Union funding launched 
by the Union or by persons or entities entrusted with the implementation of Union 
funding;
   (e)“Korean entity” means any type of entity, whether a natural person, legal person 
or another type of entity, which may participate in activities of a Union programme 
or activity in accordance with the basic act and who resides or which is 
established in Korea;
   (f) “financial year” means the period running from 1 January to 31 December.
Article 3
Establishment of the participation 
1. Korea shall be allowed to participate in and contribute to the Union programmes or 
activities, or in exceptional cases, the parts thereof, that are opened to the participation 
of Korea in accordance with the basic acts and as covered by the Protocols to this 
Agreement. 
2. The specific terms and conditions for the participation of Korea in Horizon Europe are 
laid down in the Protocol on the Association of the Republic of Korea to Horizon Europe 
– the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2021-2027) to this 
Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Protocol on the Association of Korea to 
Horizon Europe”). By way of derogation from Article 17(8) of this Agreement, that 
Protocol may be amended by the Joint Committee established under Article 14 of this 
Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Joint Committee”). 
3. By way of derogation from Article 17(8) of this Agreement, the specific terms and 
conditions for the participation of Korea in any other particular Union programme or 
3)
Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 2024 
on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union (OJ EU L 2024/2509, 26.9.2024, ELI: 
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2509/oj)
activity shall be laid down in the Protocols to this Agreement to be adopted and amended 
by the Joint Committee.
4. The Protocols shall:
   (a) identify the Union programmes or activities, or in exceptional cases, the parts 
thereof, in which Korea participates; 
   (b)lay down the duration of participation, which shall refer to the period of time 
during which Korea and Korean entities may apply for Union funding or may be 
entrusted with the implementation of Union funding; 
   (c) lay down specific conditions for the participation of Korea and Korean entities, 
including specific modalities for the implementation of the financial conditions as 
identified under Articles 6 and 7 of this Agreement, specific modalities of the 
correction mechanism as identified under Article 8 of this Agreement, and 
conditions for participation in structures created for the purposes of implementing 
those Union programmes or activities; those conditions shall comply with this 
Agreement and the basic acts and acts of one or more Union institutions 
establishing such structures; and
   (d)where applicable, lay down the amount of Korea’s financial contribution to a 
Union programme implemented through a financial instrument or a budgetary 
guarantee.
Article 4
Compliance with the rules of the Union programme or activity
1. Korea shall participate in the Union programmes or activities, or parts thereof, 
covered by the Protocols to this Agreement under the terms and conditions established 
in this Agreement, in its Protocols, in the basic acts and in other rules pertaining to the 
implementation of Union programmes or activities. 
2. The terms and conditions referred to in paragraph 1 shall include:
   (a) the eligibility of Korean entities and any other eligibility conditions related to 
Korea, in particular to the origin, place of activity or nationality; and
   (b)the terms and conditions applicable to the submission, assessment and selection of 
applications and to the implementation of the actions by eligible Korean entities.
3. The terms and conditions referred to in paragraph 2, point (b), shall be equivalent to 
those applicable to eligible entities of the Member States of the Union (hereinafter 
referred to as “Member States”), including respect for the Union restrictive measure
s4), unless otherwise provided for in the terms and conditions referred to in paragraph 1. 
Article 5
Participation of Korea in the governance of Union programmes or activities
1. Unless it concerns points reserved only for the Member States or in relation to a 
Union programme or activity, or parts thereof, in which Korea is not participating, 
representatives or experts of Korea or experts designated by Korea shall be allowed to 
take part, as observers, in the committees, expert group meetings or other similar 
meetings where representatives or experts of the Member States, or experts designated 
by the Member States, take part, and which assist the European Commission in the 
implementation and management of the programmes or activities, or parts thereof, or are 
established by the European Commission in respect of the implementation of Union law in 
relation to those programmes or activities, or parts thereof, in which Korea participates 
in accordance with Article 3. The representatives or experts of Korea, or experts 
designated by Korea, shall not be present at the time of voting. Korea shall be informed 
of the result of the vote. 
2. Where experts or evaluators are not appointed on the basis of nationality, nationality 
shall not be a reason to exclude Korean nationals. 
3. Subject to the conditions of paragraph 1, the participation of Korean representatives in 
the meetings referred to in paragraph 1, or in other meetings related to the 
implementation of Union programmes or activities, shall be governed by the same rules 
and procedures as those applicable to representatives of the Member States concerning 
speaking rights, receipt of information, and documentation, unless it concerns points 
reserved only for Member States or in relation to a Union programme or activity, or 
parts thereof, in which Korea is not participating. The Protocols to this Agreement may 
define further modalities for the reimbursement of travel and subsistence costs. 
4. The Protocols to this Agreement may define further modalities for the participation of 
4)
The Union restrictive measures are restrictive measures adopted pursuant to the Treaty on the European Union 
or of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
experts, as well as for the participation of Korea, in governing boards and structures 
created for the purposes of implementing Union programmes or activities defined in the 
respective Protocol.
Article 6
Financial conditions 
1. The participation of Korea or Korean entities in Union programmes, or activities, or in 
exceptional cases, parts thereof, shall be subject to Korea contributing financially to the 
corresponding funding under the Union budget.
2. For each Union programme or activity, or in exceptional cases, parts thereof, the 
financial contribution shall take the form of the sum of:
   (a) an operational contribution; and
   (b)a participation fee.
3. The financial contribution shall take the form of an annual payment made in one or 
more instalments.
4. Without prejudice to paragraph 9 of this Article and to Article 7, the participation fee 
shall be 4 % of the annual operational contribution and shall not be subject to 
retrospective adjustments. As of 2028, the level of the participation fee may be adjusted 
by the Joint Committee.
5. The operational contribution shall cover operational and support expenditures and be 
additional both in commitment and payment appropriations to the amounts entered in the 
Union budget definitively adopted for Union programmes or activities, or in exceptional 
cases, parts thereof, increased, where appropriate, by external assigned revenue that 
does not result from financial contributions to Union programmes or activities from other 
donors, covered by each respective Protocol to this Agreement. 
6. The operational contribution shall be based on a contribution key defined as the ratio 
of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Korea at market prices to the GDP of the 
Union at market prices. The GDP at market prices to be applied shall be determined by 
the dedicated European Commission services based on the most recent statistical data
available for budget calculations in the year prior to the year in which the annual 
payment is due. Adjustments to that contribution key may be laid down in the respective 
Protocols. 
7. The operational contribution shall be based on the application of the contribution key 
to the initial commitment appropriations increased as described in paragraph 5 and 
entered in the Union budget definitively adopted for the applicable year for financing the 
Union programmes or activities, or in exceptional cases, parts thereof, in which Korea 
participates.
8. By way of derogation from paragraphs 6 and 7, Korea’s annual operational 
contribution to Horizon Europe for the years 2025 to 2027 shall be set in fixed amounts 
as laid down in Annex I of the Protocol on the Association of Korea to Horizon Europe.
9. The participation fee referred to in paragraph 2, point (b), shall have the following 
value for the years 2025 to 2027:
–
2025: 2.5 %;
–
2026: 3 %;
–
2027: 4 %.
10.
Upon request, the Union shall provide Korea with information in relation to its 
financial contribution as included in the budgetary, accounting, performance and evaluation 
related information provided to the Union budgetary and discharge authorities concerning 
the Union programmes or activities, or in exceptional cases, parts thereof, in which 
Korea participates. That information shall be provided having due regard to the Korea’s 
and Union’s confidentiality and data protection rules and is without prejudice to the 
information which Korea is entitled to receive under Article 10.
11.
Any financial contributions of Korea or payments from the Union, and the 
calculation of amounts due or to be received, shall be made in euros.
12.
Detailed provisions for the implementation of this Article are set out in the 
respective Protocols to this Agreement. 
Article 7
Union programmes or activities to which an adjustment mechanism of the operational 
contribution applies
1. If so provided for in a specific Protocol to this Agreement, the operational contribution 
of a Union programme or activity, or in exceptional cases, parts thereof, for year N may 
be adjusted retrospectively in one or more subsequent years on the basis of the 
budgetary commitments made on the commitment appropriations of that year, their 
implementation through legal commitments and their decommitment.
2. The first adjustment shall be made in year N+1 when the operational contribution 
shall be adjusted by the difference between the contribution and an adjusted contribution 
calculated by applying the contribution key of year N, adjusted via the application of a 
coefficient if a specific Protocol to this Agreement so provides, to the sum of: 
   (a) the amount of budgetary commitments made on commitment appropriations 
authorised in year N under the voted Union budget and on commitment 
appropriations corresponding to decommitments made available again; and
   (b)any external assigned revenue appropriations that do not result from financial 
contributions to Union programmes or activities from other donors covered in each 
respective Protocol to this Agreement and that were available at the end of year 
N.
3. Each subsequent year, until all the budgetary commitments financed under commitment 
appropriations originating from year N have been paid or decommitted, and at the latest 
three years after the end of the programme or after the end of the multiannual financial 
framework corresponding to year N, whichever is earlier, the Union shall calculate an 
adjustment of the contribution of year N by reducing the Korean contribution by the 
amount obtained by applying the contribution key, adjusted if the respective Protocol to 
this Agreement so provides, of year N to the decommitments made each year on 
commitments of year N financed under the Union budget or from decommitments made 
available again.
4. If external assigned revenue appropriations that do not result from financial 
contributions to Union programmes or activities from other donors covered by each 
respective Protocol to this Agreement are cancelled, the contribution of Korea to the 
respective Union programme or activity, or in exceptional cases, parts thereof, shall be 
reduced by the amount obtained by applying the contribution key, adjusted if the
respective Protocol to this Agreement so provides, of year N to the amount cancelled.
Article 8
Union programmes or activities to which an automatic correction mechanism applies
1. An automatic correction mechanism shall apply in relation to those Union programmes 
or activities, or in exceptional cases, parts thereof, for which the application of an 
automatic correction mechanism is provided for in the respective Protocol to this 
Agreement. The application of that automatic correction mechanism may be limited to 
parts of the Union programme or activity specified in the respective Protocol to this 
Agreement, which are implemented through grants for which competitive calls are 
organised. Detailed rules on the identification of the parts of the Union programme or 
activity to which the automatic correction mechanism does or does not apply may be 
established in the respective Protocol to this Agreement.
2. The amount of the automatic correction for a programme or activity, or in exceptional 
cases, parts thereof, shall be the difference between the initial amounts of the legal 
commitments actually entered into with Korea or Korean entities financed from 
commitment appropriations of the year in question and the corresponding operational 
contribution paid by Korea as adjusted pursuant to Article 7 of this Agreement, if the 
respective Protocol to this Agreement provides for such adjustment, excluding support 
expenditure, covering the same period.
3. Detailed rules on the establishment of the relevant amounts of the legal commitments 
referred to in paragraph 2, including in the case of consortia, and on the calculation of 
the automatic correction may be laid down in the respective Protocol to this Agreement. 
Article 9
Reviews and audits 
1. In accordance with the applicable acts of one or more Union institutions and to the 
extent provided in the relevant funding agreement and any other applicable contract, the 
Union shall have the right to conduct technical, scientific, financial or other types of 
reviews and audits on the premises of any natural person residing in or any entity
established in Korea and receiving Union funding, as well as any third party involved in 
the implementation of Union funding residing or established in Korea. Such reviews and 
audits may be carried out by the agents of the institutions and bodies of the Union, in 
particular of the European Commission and the European Court of Auditors, or by other 
persons mandated by the European Commission in accordance with the Union law. When 
exercising their duties in the territory of Korea, the Union or the agents of the 
institutions and bodies of the Union and the other persons mandated by the European 
Commission shall act in a manner consistent with Korean law.
2. When conducting an audit or review referred to in paragraph 1, the agents of the 
institutions and bodies of the Union, in particular of the European Commission and the 
European Court of Auditors, and the other persons mandated by the European 
Commission, shall have appropriate access to sites, works and documents, in electronic 
and paper versions, and to all the information required in order to carry out such audits, 
including the right to obtain a physical or an electronic copy of, and extracts from, any 
document or the contents of any data medium held by the audited natural or legal 
person, or by the audited third party. 
3. Korea shall not prevent or raise any particular obstacle to the right of entrance into 
Korea or to the accessing of the premises of the agents and other persons referred to in 
paragraph 2 on the grounds of the exercise of their duties referred to in this Article. 
4. The reviews and audits may also be carried out after the suspension of application of 
a Protocol to this Agreement pursuant to Article 17(4) of this Agreement, the cessation 
of provisional application of this Agreement or the termination of this Agreement. Such 
reviews and audits shall be carried out in accordance with the terms laid down in the 
applicable acts of one or more Union institutions or bodies and as provided for in 
relevant agreements and/or contracts concerning any legal commitment implementing the 
Union budget entered into by the Union before the date on which the suspension of 
application of the relevant Protocol, the cessation of provisional application of this 
Agreement or the termination of this Agreement takes effect.
Article 10
Protection of the financial interests of the Union against irregularities