#define NULL ((void *)0)
typedef unsigned long size_t; // Customize by platform.
typedef long intptr_t;
typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
typedef long scalar_t__; // Either arithmetic or pointer type.
/* By default, we understand bool (as a convenience). */
typedef int bool;
#define false 0
#define true 1

/* Forward declarations */

/* Type definitions */
typedef int /*<<< orphan*/ FILE;

/* Variables and functions */
int /*<<< orphan*/ SEEK_END;
int /*<<< orphan*/ SEEK_SET;
int /*<<< orphan*/ fclose(int /*<<< orphan*/ *);
int /*<<< orphan*/ *fopen(char const *, char *);
int fread(char *, int, int, int /*<<< orphan*/ *);
int /*<<< orphan*/ free(char *);
int /*<<< orphan*/ fseek(int /*<<< orphan*/ *, int /*<<< orphan*/,
                         int /*<<< orphan*/);
int ftell(int /*<<< orphan*/ *);
scalar_t__ malloc(int);
int readFile(const char *filename, char **result) {
  int size = 0;
  FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
  if (f == NULL) {
    *result = NULL;
    return -1;
  }
  fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
  size = ftell(f);
  fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
  *result = (char *)malloc(size + 1);
  if (size != fread(*result, sizeof(char), size, f)) {
    free(*result);
    return -2;
  }
  fclose(f);
  (*result)[size] = 0;
  return size;
}


x86 assembly (clang, -O0):
<readFile>:
push   %rbp
mov    %rsp,%rbp
sub    $0x30,%rsp
mov    %rdi,-0x10(%rbp)
mov    %rsi,-0x18(%rbp)
movl   $0x0,-0x1c(%rbp)
mov    -0x10(%rbp),%rdi
lea    0xe6e(%rip),%rsi
call   1090 <fopen@plt>
mov    %rax,-0x28(%rbp)
cmpq   $0x0,-0x28(%rbp)
jne    11bd <readFile+0x4d>
mov    -0x18(%rbp),%rax
movq   $0x0,(%rax)
movl   $0xffffffff,-0x4(%rbp)
jmp    1267 <readFile+0xf7>
mov    -0x28(%rbp),%rdi
mov    0x2e20(%rip),%rax
mov    (%rax),%edx
xor    %esi,%esi
call   1080 <fseek@plt>
mov    -0x28(%rbp),%rdi
call   1060 <ftell@plt>
mov    %eax,-0x1c(%rbp)
mov    -0x28(%rbp),%rdi
mov    0x2df0(%rip),%rax
mov    (%rax),%edx
xor    %esi,%esi
call   1080 <fseek@plt>
mov    -0x1c(%rbp),%edi
add    $0x1,%edi
call   1070 <malloc@plt>
mov    %rax,%rcx
mov    -0x18(%rbp),%rax
mov    %rcx,(%rax)
mov    -0x1c(%rbp),%eax
mov    %eax,-0x2c(%rbp)
mov    -0x18(%rbp),%rax
mov    (%rax),%rdi
mov    -0x1c(%rbp),%edx
mov    -0x28(%rbp),%rcx
mov    $0x1,%esi
call   1040 <fread@plt>
mov    %eax,%ecx
mov    -0x2c(%rbp),%eax
cmp    %ecx,%eax
je     1249 <readFile+0xd9>
mov    -0x18(%rbp),%rax
mov    (%rax),%rdi
call   1030 <free@plt>
movl   $0xfffffffe,-0x4(%rbp)
jmp    1267 <readFile+0xf7>
mov    -0x28(%rbp),%rdi
call   1050 <fclose@plt>
mov    -0x18(%rbp),%rax
mov    (%rax),%rax
movslq -0x1c(%rbp),%rcx
movb   $0x0,(%rax,%rcx,1)
mov    -0x1c(%rbp),%eax
mov    %eax,-0x4(%rbp)
mov    -0x4(%rbp),%eax
add    $0x30,%rsp
pop    %rbp
ret

x86 assembly (clang, -O2):
<readFile>:
push   %r15
push   %r14
push   %rbx
mov    %rsi,%r14
lea    0xe81(%rip),%rsi
call   1090 <fopen@plt>
test   %rax,%rax
je     11f5 <readFile+0x85>
mov    %rax,%rbx
mov    0x2e55(%rip),%rax
mov    (%rax),%edx
mov    %rbx,%rdi
xor    %esi,%esi
call   1080 <fseek@plt>
mov    %rbx,%rdi
call   1060 <ftell@plt>
mov    %eax,%r15d
mov    0x2e27(%rip),%rax
mov    (%rax),%edx
mov    %rbx,%rdi
xor    %esi,%esi
call   1080 <fseek@plt>
lea    0x1(%r15),%edi
call   1070 <malloc@plt>
mov    %rax,(%r14)
mov    %rax,%rdi
mov    $0x1,%esi
mov    %r15d,%edx
mov    %rbx,%rcx
call   1040 <fread@plt>
cmp    %eax,%r15d
jne    1204 <readFile+0x94>
mov    %rbx,%rdi
call   1050 <fclose@plt>
mov    (%r14),%rax
movslq %r15d,%rcx
movb   $0x0,(%rax,%rcx,1)
jmp    1212 <readFile+0xa2>
movq   $0x0,(%r14)
mov    $0xffffffff,%r15d
jmp    1212 <readFile+0xa2>
mov    (%r14),%rdi
call   1030 <free@plt>
mov    $0xfffffffe,%r15d
mov    %r15d,%eax
pop    %rbx
pop    %r14
pop    %r15
ret

LLVM IR (-O0):
@.str = [2 x i8] c"r\00"
@SEEK_END = global i32 0
@SEEK_SET = global i32 0
define i32 @readFile(i8* %0, i8** %1) {
%3 = alloca i32
%4 = alloca i8*
%5 = alloca i8**
%6 = alloca i32
%7 = alloca i32*
store i8* %0, i8** %4
store i8** %1, i8*** %5
store i32 0, i32* %6
%8 = load i8*, i8** %4
%9 = call i32* @fopen(i8* %8, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([2 x i8], [2 x i8]* @.str, i64 0, i64 0))
store i32* %9, i32** %7
%10 = load i32*, i32** %7
%11 = icmp eq i32* %10, null
br i1 %11, label %12, label %14
12: ; preds = %2
%13 = load i8**, i8*** %5
store i8* null, i8** %13
store i32 -1, i32* %3
br label %48
14: ; preds = %2
%15 = load i32*, i32** %7
%16 = load i32, i32* @SEEK_END
%17 = call i32 @fseek(i32* %15, i32 0, i32 %16)
%18 = load i32*, i32** %7
%19 = call i32 @ftell(i32* %18)
store i32 %19, i32* %6
%20 = load i32*, i32** %7
%21 = load i32, i32* @SEEK_SET
%22 = call i32 @fseek(i32* %20, i32 0, i32 %21)
%23 = load i32, i32* %6
%24 = add nsw i32 %23, 1
%25 = call i64 @malloc(i32 %24)
%26 = inttoptr i64 %25 to i8*
%27 = load i8**, i8*** %5
store i8* %26, i8** %27
%28 = load i32, i32* %6
%29 = load i8**, i8*** %5
%30 = load i8*, i8** %29
%31 = load i32, i32* %6
%32 = load i32*, i32** %7
%33 = call i32 @fread(i8* %30, i32 1, i32 %31, i32* %32)
%34 = icmp ne i32 %28, %33
br i1 %34, label %35, label %39
35: ; preds = %14
%36 = load i8**, i8*** %5
%37 = load i8*, i8** %36
%38 = call i32 @free(i8* %37)
store i32 -2, i32* %3
br label %48
39: ; preds = %14
%40 = load i32*, i32** %7
%41 = call i32 @fclose(i32* %40)
%42 = load i8**, i8*** %5
%43 = load i8*, i8** %42
%44 = load i32, i32* %6
%45 = sext i32 %44 to i64
%46 = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* %43, i64 %45
store i8 0, i8* %46
%47 = load i32, i32* %6
store i32 %47, i32* %3
br label %48
48: ; preds = %39, %35, %12
%49 = load i32, i32* %3
ret i32 %49
}

LLVM IR (-O2):
@.str = [2 x i8] c"r\00"
@SEEK_END = global i32 0
@SEEK_SET = global i32 0
define i32 @readFile(i8* nocapture %0, i8** nocapture %1) {
%3 = tail call i32* @fopen(i8* %0, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([2 x i8], [2 x i8]* @.str, i64 0, i64 0))
%4 = icmp eq i32* %3, null
br i1 %4, label %5, label %6
5: ; preds = %2
store i8* null, i8** %1
br label %25
6: ; preds = %2
%7 = load i32, i32* @SEEK_END
%8 = tail call i32 @fseek(i32* %3, i32 0, i32 %7)
%9 = tail call i32 @ftell(i32* %3)
%10 = load i32, i32* @SEEK_SET
%11 = tail call i32 @fseek(i32* %3, i32 0, i32 %10)
%12 = add nsw i32 %9, 1
%13 = tail call i64 @malloc(i32 %12)
%14 = inttoptr i64 %13 to i8*
store i8* %14, i8** %1
%15 = tail call i32 @fread(i8* %14, i32 1, i32 %9, i32* %3)
%16 = icmp eq i32 %9, %15
br i1 %16, label %20, label %17
17: ; preds = %6
%18 = load i8*, i8** %1
%19 = tail call i32 @free(i8* %18)
br label %25
20: ; preds = %6
%21 = tail call i32 @fclose(i32* %3)
%22 = load i8*, i8** %1
%23 = sext i32 %9 to i64
%24 = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* %22, i64 %23
store i8 0, i8* %24
br label %25
25: ; preds = %20, %17, %5
%26 = phi i32 [ -1, %5 ], [ -2, %17 ], [ %9, %20 ]
ret i32 %26
}