#define NULL ((void *)0)
typedef unsigned long size_t; // Customize by platform.
typedef long intptr_t;
typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
typedef long scalar_t__; // Either arithmetic or pointer type.
/* By default, we understand bool (as a convenience). */
typedef int bool;
#define false 0
#define true 1

/* Forward declarations */

/* Type definitions */

/* Variables and functions */
scalar_t__ malloc(size_t const);
size_t strlen(char const *);
char toupper(unsigned int);
char *strupper(const char *str) {
  const size_t string_len = strlen(str);
  char *buffer = (char *)malloc(string_len + 1);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < string_len; ++i)
    buffer[i] = toupper((unsigned)str[i]);
  return buffer;
}


x86 assembly (clang, -O0):
<strupper>:
push   %rbp
mov    %rsp,%rbp
sub    $0x20,%rsp
mov    %rdi,-0x8(%rbp)
mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rdi
call   1040 <strlen@plt>
mov    %rax,-0x10(%rbp)
mov    -0x10(%rbp),%rdi
add    $0x1,%rdi
call   1050 <malloc@plt>
mov    %rax,-0x18(%rbp)
movq   $0x0,-0x20(%rbp)
mov    -0x20(%rbp),%rax
cmp    -0x10(%rbp),%rax
jae    119f <strupper+0x6f>
mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
mov    -0x20(%rbp),%rcx
movsbl (%rax,%rcx,1),%edi
call   1030 <toupper@plt>
mov    %al,%dl
mov    -0x18(%rbp),%rax
mov    -0x20(%rbp),%rcx
mov    %dl,(%rax,%rcx,1)
mov    -0x20(%rbp),%rax
add    $0x1,%rax
mov    %rax,-0x20(%rbp)
jmp    1162 <strupper+0x32>
mov    -0x18(%rbp),%rax
add    $0x20,%rsp
pop    %rbp
ret

x86 assembly (clang, -O2):
<strupper>:
push   %r15
push   %r14
push   %r12
push   %rbx
push   %rax
mov    %rdi,%r14
call   1040 <strlen@plt>
mov    %rax,%r15
lea    0x1(%rax),%rdi
call   1050 <malloc@plt>
mov    %rax,%r12
test   %r15,%r15
je     1177 <strupper+0x47>
xor    %ebx,%ebx
cs nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
movsbl (%r14,%rbx,1),%edi
call   1030 <toupper@plt>
mov    %al,(%r12,%rbx,1)
add    $0x1,%rbx
cmp    %rbx,%r15
jne    1160 <strupper+0x30>
mov    %r12,%rax
add    $0x8,%rsp
pop    %rbx
pop    %r12
pop    %r14
pop    %r15
ret

LLVM IR (-O0):
define i8* @strupper(i8* %0) {
%2 = alloca i8*
%3 = alloca i64
%4 = alloca i8*
%5 = alloca i64
store i8* %0, i8** %2
%6 = load i8*, i8** %2
%7 = call i64 @strlen(i8* %6)
store i64 %7, i64* %3
%8 = load i64, i64* %3
%9 = add i64 %8, 1
%10 = call i64 @malloc(i64 %9)
%11 = inttoptr i64 %10 to i8*
store i8* %11, i8** %4
store i64 0, i64* %5
br label %12
12: ; preds = %26, %1
%13 = load i64, i64* %5
%14 = load i64, i64* %3
%15 = icmp ult i64 %13, %14
br i1 %15, label %16, label %29
16: ; preds = %12
%17 = load i8*, i8** %2
%18 = load i64, i64* %5
%19 = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* %17, i64 %18
%20 = load i8, i8* %19
%21 = sext i8 %20 to i32
%22 = call signext i8 @toupper(i32 %21)
%23 = load i8*, i8** %4
%24 = load i64, i64* %5
%25 = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* %23, i64 %24
store i8 %22, i8* %25
br label %26
26: ; preds = %16
%27 = load i64, i64* %5
%28 = add i64 %27, 1
store i64 %28, i64* %5
br label %12
29: ; preds = %12
%30 = load i8*, i8** %4
ret i8* %30
}

LLVM IR (-O2):
define i8* @strupper(i8* nocapture %0) {
%2 = tail call i64 @strlen(i8* dereferenceable(1) %0)
%3 = add i64 %2, 1
%4 = tail call i64 @malloc(i64 %3)
%5 = inttoptr i64 %4 to i8*
%6 = icmp eq i64 %2, 0
br i1 %6, label %7, label %8
7: ; preds = %8, %1
ret i8* %5
8: ; preds = %1, %8
%9 = phi i64 [ %15, %8 ], [ 0, %1 ]
%10 = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* %0, i64 %9
%11 = load i8, i8* %10
%12 = sext i8 %11 to i32
%13 = tail call signext i8 @toupper(i32 %12)
%14 = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* %5, i64 %9
store i8 %13, i8* %14
%15 = add nuw i64 %9, 1
%16 = icmp eq i64 %15, %2
br i1 %16, label %7, label %8
}