#define NULL ((void *)0)
typedef unsigned long size_t; // Customize by platform.
typedef long intptr_t;
typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
typedef long scalar_t__; // Either arithmetic or pointer type.
/* By default, we understand bool (as a convenience). */
typedef int bool;
#define false 0
#define true 1

/* Forward declarations */

/* Type definitions */

/* Variables and functions */
int /*<<< orphan*/ printf(char *, int);
int /*<<< orphan*/ scanf(char *, int *);
int main() {
  int n;
  scanf("%d", &n);
  while (n-- > 0) {
    int k;
    scanf("%d", &k);
    printf("%d\n", (1 << k) - 1);
  }
  return 0;
}


x86 assembly (clang, -O0):
<main>:
push   %rbp
mov    %rsp,%rbp
sub    $0x10,%rsp
movl   $0x0,-0x4(%rbp)
lea    0xeca(%rip),%rdi
lea    -0x8(%rbp),%rsi
call   1040 <scanf@plt>
mov    -0x8(%rbp),%eax
mov    %eax,%ecx
add    $0xffffffff,%ecx
mov    %ecx,-0x8(%rbp)
cmp    $0x0,%eax
jle    1181 <main+0x61>
lea    0xea6(%rip),%rdi
lea    -0xc(%rbp),%rsi
call   1040 <scanf@plt>
mov    -0xc(%rbp),%ecx
mov    $0x1,%esi
shl    %cl,%esi
sub    $0x1,%esi
lea    0xe8c(%rip),%rdi
call   1030 <printf@plt>
jmp    113f <main+0x1f>
xor    %eax,%eax
add    $0x10,%rsp
pop    %rbp
ret

x86 assembly (clang, -O2):
<main>:
push   %r15
push   %r14
push   %rbx
sub    $0x10,%rsp
lea    0xed0(%rip),%rdi
lea    0x8(%rsp),%rsi
call   1040 <scanf@plt>
mov    0x8(%rsp),%eax
lea    -0x1(%rax),%ecx
mov    %ecx,0x8(%rsp)
test   %eax,%eax
jle    1190 <main+0x70>
lea    0xeb0(%rip),%r14
lea    0xc(%rsp),%r15
lea    0xea7(%rip),%rbx
nopl   0x0(%rax)
mov    %r14,%rdi
mov    %r15,%rsi
call   1040 <scanf@plt>
movzbl 0xc(%rsp),%ecx
mov    $0xffffffff,%esi
shl    %cl,%esi
not    %esi
mov    %rbx,%rdi
call   1030 <printf@plt>
mov    0x8(%rsp),%eax
lea    -0x1(%rax),%ecx
mov    %ecx,0x8(%rsp)
test   %eax,%eax
jg     1160 <main+0x40>
xor    %eax,%eax
add    $0x10,%rsp
pop    %rbx
pop    %r14
pop    %r15
ret

LLVM IR (-O0):
@.str = [3 x i8] c"%d\00"
@.str.1 = [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00"
define i32 @main() {
%1 = alloca i32
%2 = alloca i32
%3 = alloca i32
store i32 0, i32* %1
%4 = call i32 @scanf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8], [3 x i8]* @.str, i64 0, i64 0), i32* %2)
br label %5
5: ; preds = %9, %0
%6 = load i32, i32* %2
%7 = add nsw i32 %6, -1
store i32 %7, i32* %2
%8 = icmp sgt i32 %6, 0
br i1 %8, label %9, label %15
9: ; preds = %5
%10 = call i32 @scanf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8], [3 x i8]* @.str, i64 0, i64 0), i32* %3)
%11 = load i32, i32* %3
%12 = shl i32 1, %11
%13 = sub nsw i32 %12, 1
%14 = call i32 @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([4 x i8], [4 x i8]* @.str.1, i64 0, i64 0), i32 %13)
br label %5
15: ; preds = %5
ret i32 0
}

LLVM IR (-O2):
@.str = [3 x i8] c"%d\00"
@.str.1 = [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00"
define i32 @main() {
%1 = alloca i32
%2 = alloca i32
%3 = bitcast i32* %1 to i8*
%4 = call i32 @scanf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8], [3 x i8]* @.str, i64 0, i64 0), i32* %1)
%5 = load i32, i32* %1
%6 = add nsw i32 %5, -1
store i32 %6, i32* %1
%7 = icmp sgt i32 %5, 0
br i1 %7, label %8, label %19
8: ; preds = %0
%9 = bitcast i32* %2 to i8*
br label %10
10: ; preds = %8, %10
%11 = call i32 @scanf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8], [3 x i8]* @.str, i64 0, i64 0), i32* %2)
%12 = load i32, i32* %2
%13 = shl nsw i32 -1, %12
%14 = xor i32 %13, -1
%15 = call i32 @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([4 x i8], [4 x i8]* @.str.1, i64 0, i64 0), i32 %14)
%16 = load i32, i32* %1
%17 = add nsw i32 %16, -1
store i32 %17, i32* %1
%18 = icmp sgt i32 %16, 0
br i1 %18, label %10, label %19
19: ; preds = %10, %0
ret i32 0
}