xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?
Sentence: This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors.
Question: At which location is the London Center operated by Notre Dame found?
Sentence: The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968.
Question: What organization said Oklahoma's centennial was the top event in the US that year?
Sentence: Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions.
Question: Which battleship was still capable of combat when Kurita returned to Japan?
Sentence: Nishimura's sunken Yamashiro was the last battleship in history to engage another in combat.
Question: What makes up part of the SQA?
Sentence: Software testing is a part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process.:347
Question: What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life?
Sentence: For example, microbial life is metabolically and environmentally more diverse than multicellular life (see e.g., extremophile).
Question: What is the acronym for India's Research and Analysis Wing?
Sentence: The role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki) (SVR), the Indian Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the French foreign intelligence service Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) and Israel's Mossad.
Question: What occurs when a player in association football is shown a red penalty card?
Sentence: Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlético Madrid, and Flamengo.
Question: Who coined the term "the Age of Academies" to describe the 18th century?
Sentence: Scientific academies and societies grew out of the Scientific Revolution as the creators of scientific knowledge in contrast to the scholasticism of the university.
Question: What was the new head of the FBI's top priority?
Sentence: Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations.
Question: What role did Thailand play in the war?
Sentence: The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burma, which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier.
Question: When was the Abizu Campos operation made public?
Sentence: The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.
Question: How many miles long is NH-7?
Sentence: Hyderabad sits at the junction of three National Highways linking it to six other states: NH-7 runs 2,369 km (1,472 mi) from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, in the north to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, in the south; NH-9, runs 841 km (523 mi) east-west between Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and Pune, Maharashtra; and the 280 km (174 mi) NH-163 links Hyderabad to Bhopalpatnam, Chhattisgarh NH-765 links Hyderabad to Srisailam.
Question: The Sénat conservateur became hostile to Napoleon due to whose efforts?
Sentence: Long docile to Napoleon, under Talleyrand's prodding it had turned against him.
Question: When did von NEumann develop first self reproducing computer program?
Sentence: Beginning in 1949, von Neumann's design for a self-reproducing computer program is considered the world's first computer virus, and he is considered to be the theoretical father of computer virology.
Question: What is a sequence of MP3 frames called?
Sentence: This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream.
Question: Quranic verses concerning which phenomena are thought by Muslims to authenticate its contents?
Sentence: Verses pertaining to natural phenomena have been interpreted by Muslims as an indication of the authenticity of the Quranic message.
Question: How many different languages are spoken in London?
Sentence: London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census.
Question: What company annexed large areas of India in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Sentence: The subcontinent gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, after the British provinces were partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and the princely states all acceded to one of the new states.
Question: Who recognized the men's basketball team as the 1931 National Champion?
Sentence: Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports.
Question: What does VWN stand for?
Sentence: The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2.
Question: What was Pope Paul VI's first name at birth?
Sentence: Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978.
Question: When does Carnival typically begin in the Netherlands?
Sentence: However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country.
Question: in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
Sentence: The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions.
Question: What is the name of the second highest level of college football?
Sentence: Harvard participates in the second-highest level, the Football Championship Subdivision.
Question: Who granted Cork's charter?
Sentence: The present extent of the city has exceeded the medieval boundaries of the Barony of Cork City; it now takes in much of the neighbouring Barony of Cork.
Question: When was the science park programme abandoned?
Sentence: In December 2005, Imperial announced a science park programme at the Wye campus, with extensive housing; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following complaints that the proposal infringed on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the true scale of the scheme, which could have raised £110m for the College, was known to Kent and Ashford Councils and their consultants but concealed from the public.
Question: The RSFSR contains how many oblasts?
Sentence: commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91.
Question: What did the Garamantes do in order to bring water to   their crops?
Sentence: The Garamantes civilization eventually collapsed after they had depleted available water in the aquifers and could no longer sustain the effort to extend the tunnels further into the mountains.
Question: In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held?
Sentence: The annual MLB All-Star Game, played in July between players from AL teams and players from NL teams, was long considered an exhibition match, but as of 2003 this status was questioned because the league whose team wins the All-Star game has been awarded home field advantage for the upcoming World Series.
Question: When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct?
Sentence: The modern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago.
Question: What nation founded New Amsterdam?
Sentence: New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626.
Question: who is the North American Environmental Atlas made by?
Sentence: The North American Environmental Atlas, produced by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, a NAFTA agency composed of the geographical agencies of the Mexican, American, and Canadian governments uses the "Great Plains" as an ecoregion synonymous with predominant prairies and grasslands rather than as physiographic region defined by topography.
Question: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to annexing Poland?
Sentence: That night, Stalin replied that the Soviets were willing to sign the pact and that he would receive Ribbentrop on 23 August.
Question: Where did some of the US Air Force traditions come from?
Sentence: Many of the U.S. Air Force's formal and informal traditions are an amalgamation of those taken from the Royal Air Force (e.g., dining-ins/mess nights) or the experiences of its predecessor organizations such as the U.S. Army Air Service, U.S. Army Air Corps and the U.S. Army Air Forces.
Question: In what year did The Teutonic Order lose Eastern Prussia?
Sentence: The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525.
Question: What day did he die?
Sentence: John XXIII died of peritonitis caused by a perforated stomach at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963 at the age of 81, ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months.
Question: What can be applied to daily life once it is attained?
Sentence: Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching at a practical level.
Question: In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?
Sentence: One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews that often took place as the crusaders left their countries for the East.
Question: What was Sanskrit used for?
Sentence: During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change.
Question: How many hectares does the island have in total?
Sentence: Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain.
Question: Where is Houston located?
Sentence: Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico.
Question: How did the Commission vote turn out
Sentence: On 8 October 2014 it was announced that the European Commission has approved the project, with an overwhelming majority and only four commissioners voting against the decision.
Question: How many senior officers were expelled fro the army in 1975?
Sentence: In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution.
Question: What is another name for Ninth Avenue?
Sentence: East of Amsterdam, Seminary Row bends south along Morningside Park and is resigned as Morningside Drive (Ninth Avenue).
Question: Where in Tennessee did the temperature reach -36 degrees Celsius in December of 1917?
Sentence: Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months.
Question: What were Religious officials perceived as in the Pre-Modern era?
Sentence: Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person.
Question: What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech?
Sentence: Slovak has slightly more borrowed words than Czech.
Question: Hans Denck was considered what type of reformer?
Sentence: The early members of this movement did not accept the name Anabaptist, claiming that since infant baptism was unscriptural and null and void, the baptizing of believers was not a re-baptism but in fact their first real baptism.
Question: What does IBM stand for?
Sentence: Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.
Question: Where can passengers purchase tickets?
Sentence: The waiting areas which provide passenger access to aircraft are typically called concourses, although this term is often used interchangeably with terminal.
Question: In what era were many works designed for basso continuo accompaniment?
Sentence: As well, in the Baroque era, many works that were designed for basso continuo accompaniment do not specify which instruments should play the accompaniment or exactly how the chordal instrument (harpsichord, lute, etc.) should play the chords, which are not notated in the part (only a figured bass symbol beneath the bass part is used to guide the chord-playing performer).
Question: According to Einsteins two relativity theories, the concept of time depends on what?
Sentence: Time has historically been closely related with space, the two together merging into spacetime in Einstein's special relativity and general relativity.
Question: What is educational psychology concerned with?
Sentence: Educational psychology is concerned with the processes of educational attainment in the general population and in sub-populations such as gifted children and those with specific disabilities.
Question: Who founded Arnold, Constable?
Sentence: Arnold, Constable was the first American department store.
Question: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?
Sentence: Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin.
Question: What was the first manufactured fiber?
Sentence: Some garments were created from fabrics based on these fibers, such as women's hosiery from nylon, but it was not until the introduction of polyester into the fiber marketplace in the early 1950s that the market for cotton came under threat.
Question: When did Julius Caesar overcome the Helvetii?
Sentence: The Rhaetians continued to resist but were eventually conquered when the Romans turned northward to the Danube valley in Austria and defeated the Brigantes.
Question: Who discovered M. tuberculosis?
Sentence: Koch did not believe the bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection.
Question: The kidnapping of the Duke of Enghien violated the sovereignty of what locale?
Sentence: Enghien's execution infuriated royal courts throughout Europe, become one of the contributing political factors for the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars.
Question: What became the norm for the mobile bands?
Sentence: The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions.
Question: In what war was France defeated by Prussia?
Sentence: The Treaty of Paris stood until 1871, when France was defeated by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871.
Question: Who wrote 'Lectures on Pragmatism'?
Sentence: First among these he listed the peripatetic-thomist observation mentioned above, but he further observed that this link between sensory perception and intellectual conception is a two-way street.
Question: An insects abdomen has a sclerotized tergum and what else?
Sentence: The abdomen is the largest tagma of the insect, which typically consists of 11–12 segments and is less strongly sclerotized than the head or thorax.
Question: Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?
Sentence: In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon.
Question: What group disliked the traditional war-like sports of Tuvalu?
Sentence: A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket.
Question: What did traditional Native American music center around?
Sentence: Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming.
Question: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?
Sentence: In Australia, if a proposed amendment will specifically impact one or more states, then it must be endorsed in the referendum held in each of those states.
Question: What handles most of the water conduction in hardwoods?
Sentence: The water conducting capability is mostly taken care of by vessels: in some cases (oak, chestnut, ash) these are quite large and distinct, in others (buckeye, poplar, willow) too small to be seen without a hand lens.
Question: What is another term for Hegel's "subject"?
Sentence: For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the "subject" (any human observer)) to be able to know any observed "object" (any external entity, possibly even another human) at all.
Question: Who is the chief executive of IBM?
Sentence: It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 new data centers.
Question: What caused the wide sex ratio gap in Thuringia?
Sentence: The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas.
Question: Who is Frank Shuman?
Sentence: He, along with his technical advisor A.S.E. Ackermann and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys, developed an improved system using mirrors to reflect solar energy upon collector boxes, increasing heating capacity to the extent that water could now be used instead of ether.
Question: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?
Sentence: Guna, it states, are of three types: Sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; Rajas guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and Tamas being the quality of darkness, ignorance, destructive, lethargic, negative.
Question: What results in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims?
Sentence: These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.
Question: Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what?
Sentence: " Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.
Question: When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?
Sentence: In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed]
Question: What part of the government was editing its own wikipedia page?
Sentence: Griffith was motivated by the edits from the United States Congress, and wanted to see if others were similarly promoting themselves.
Question: Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914?
Sentence: The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.
Question: What was McPhee's first single?
Sentence: Do I Make You Proud" was released as Hicks' first single and McPhee's
Question: How many World Heritage Sites can be found in London?
Sentence: London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT).
Question: What kind of companies have had a more important role in drug development?
Sentence: Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense.
Question: What letter represents the extinction Coefficient?
Sentence: By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations.
Question: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for an increasingly elaborate what?
Sentence: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for the flourishing of an increasingly elaborate polyphonic style.
Question: What was the three Han Bannermen position called?
Sentence: governed southern China autonomously as viceroys for the Qing after their conquests.
Question: What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?
Sentence: Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
Question: Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found?
Sentence: Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost.
Question: What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island?
Sentence: Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island.
Question: The steppe is important agriculturally because of what feature?
Sentence: The steppe zone is the most populated area of the state.
Question: What did the European colonization forever change?
Sentence: The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents.
Question: What did logical empiricism try to combine with mathematical logic?
Sentence: Some of the key figures in this movement were Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick and the rest of the Vienna Circle, along with A.J. Ayer, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.
Question: When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed?
Sentence: Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger).
Question: What was again revised in May of 2010?
Sentence: A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank.
Question: What are objective social constructions?
Sentence: They conclude that while racial groups are characterized by different allele frequencies, this does not mean that racial classification is a natural taxonomy of the human species, because multiple other genetic patterns can be found in human populations that crosscut racial distinctions.
Question: What light bulbs use lamp filaments containing uranium?
Sentence: Uranium was also used in photographic chemicals (especially uranium nitrate as a toner), in lamp filaments for stage lighting bulbs, to improve the appearance of dentures, and in the leather and wood industries for stains and dyes.