xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the physics of quantum mechanics?
Sentence: The physics of quantum mechanics was thereby reduced to the mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them.
Question: In what year did urbanization in the Ottoman empire begin to increase?
Sentence: Urbanization increased from 1700 to 1922, with towns and cities growing.
Question: What does BTSR stand for?
Sentence: In addition, there are several Technical Colleges in Richmond including ITT Technical Institute, ECPI College of Technology and Centura College.
Question: Which genre did Madonna started out in?
Sentence: Before emerging as a pop star, Madonna has spent her early years in rock music alongside her bands, Breakfast Club and Emmy.
Question: When was the term Kievan Rus first coined?
Sentence: In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky's A History of Russia, to distinguish the early polity from successor states, which were also named Rus.
Question: Beyonce mostly releases English songs, but what other language did she release songs?
Sentence: While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day.
Question: Which of the festivals is comprised of participants who are mainly children?
Sentence: The third and largest takes place on the last day of Carnival and involves hundreds of people walking in costume along the town's longest avenue.
Question: Who was in charge of the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces?
Sentence: Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I, their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.[citation needed]
Question: What did the Sumerians refer to themselves as in their language?
Sentence: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ('place' + 'lords' + 'noble'), meaning "place of the noble lords".
Question: When did cotton first become a large-scale agricultural product in Tennessee?
Sentence: The upper wedge of the Mississippi Delta extends into southwestern Tennessee, and it was in this fertile section that cotton took hold.
Question: When were Beyoncé and Jay Z married?
Sentence: On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay Z were married without publicity.
Question: Who commanded the second  voyage in 1604?
Sentence: Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage.
Question: Why do humans hunt?
Sentence: Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade.
Question: What traits did researchers use to divide the ten periods?
Sentence: They also advanced the idea of a transitional stage between the PPNA and PPNB between 8,800 and 8,600 BC at sites like Jerf el Ahmar and Tell Aswad.
Question: Popper believed he had already discussed similar ideas to Kuhn's about scientific communities in what work?
Sentence: The theories are passed on, not as dogmas, but rather with the challenge to discuss them and improve upon them."
Question: What type of bankruptcy did Detroit file?
Sentence: On July 18, 2013, the City of Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection.
Question: What was the primary cause of the cholera outbreak in 19th century London?
Sentence: London was bombed by the Germans during the First World War while during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe, killed over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city.
Question: Who was the first clubs have won the fa cup as part of a league cup double?
Sentence: Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double, namely Preston North End (1889), Aston Villa (1897), Tottenham Hotspur (1961), Arsenal (1971, 1998, 2002), Liverpool (1986), Manchester United (1994, 1996, 1999) and Chelsea (2010).
Question: What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas exhibit?
Sentence: Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.
Question: What is an example of an occupational field position in the USAF?
Sentence: The latter range from flight combat operations such as a gunner, to working in a dining facility to ensure that members are properly fed.
Question: When was Jiang Hua's term?
Sentence: Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the "chief justice" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980.
Question: What was created to solve the problem for ANSI C?
Sentence: For example, a Swedish programmer mailing another programmer asking if they should go for lunch, could get "N{ jag har sm|rg}sar."
Question: How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?
Sentence: The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable".
Question: Which sultan ordered a Greek scholar to do translations of work by Ptolemy?
Sentence: Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutzes, a Greek scholar from Trabzon, to translate and make available to Ottoman educational institutions the geography book of Ptolemy.
Question: In including Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, what Australian state did the British government plan to colonise?
Sentence: The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken due to Empress Catherine II of Russia's decision to restrict sales of hemp.
Question: In what year did the Ottoman Empire declare bankruptcy?
Sentence: By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain.
Question: What are some of the target countries?
Sentence: The IPEC has expanded to at least the following target countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, El Salvador, Nepal, Tanzania, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Philippines, Senegal, South Africa and Turkey.
Question: The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period?
Sentence: The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United Nations in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between 1 January and 31 December 1994.
Question: In what year did the Presbyterian Church of Australia , the Congregational Union of Australia , and all the Methodist Church of Australasia merge?
Sentence: The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership.
Question: What Egyptian party dismissed Nasser's popular appeal?
Sentence: Egyptian political scientist Alaa al-Din Desouki blamed the 1952 revolution's shortcomings on Nasser's concentration of power, and Egypt's lack of democracy on Nasser's political style and his government's limitations on freedom of expression and political participation.
Question: In degrees Celsius, what is the range of temperatures during the wet season?
Sentence: The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October.
Question: How many genes were associated with asthma by the end of 2005?
Sentence: In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found.
Question: What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties?
Sentence: The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties.
Question: In what language does the Clerk of the Parliaments announce Parliament's decision?
Sentence: The appropriate formula for withholding assent is the euphemistic "La Reyne s'avisera" ("the Queen will consider it").
Question: What year did sub-saharan Africa have the highest rates of child labour?
Sentence: Poverty and lack of schools are considered as the primary cause of child labour.
Question: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?
Sentence: In April 2007, the first satellite of BeiDou-2, namely Compass-M1 (to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation) was successfully put into its working orbit.
Question: How did Mach describe thought experiments like the bucket argument?
Sentence: Mach suggested that thought experiments like the bucket argument are problematic.
Question: Who ratifies protocols in Armenia?
Sentence: The ratification of those had to be made in the national parliaments.
Question: Who can claim over 500 million members?
Sentence: There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South.
Question: Which south Indian coast was favored by Muslim traders?
Sentence: Additionally, Muslim trading communities flourished throughout coastal south India, particularly on the western coast where Muslim traders arrived in small numbers, mainly from the Arabian peninsula.
Question: Did the King's confidence in de Melo increase or decrease?
Sentence: As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state.
Question: What reason did David Quammen believe that On the Origin of Species was weakened in later editions?
Sentence: James T. Costa said that because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay, it was more approachable than the big book on natural selection Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail.
Question: What type of sensation is pitch?
Sentence: Pitch is each person's subjective perception of a sound, which cannot be directly measured.
Question: What was the name of Queen's final tour with Freddie Mercury?
Sentence: In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury.
Question: What movement came out of the French Revolution?
Sentence: The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution.
Question: How many members are there in the Swazi House of Assembly?
Sentence: The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms).
Question: New technologies aim to provide a better elevator experience to passengers who suffer from what?
Sentence: British company LiftEye provides a virtual window technology to turn common elevator into panoramic.
Question: What medals did Kerry win?
Sentence: For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals.
Question: In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR?
Sentence: Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.
Question: What is the highest peak in Antarctica?
Sentence: In 2004, a potentially active underwater volcano was found in the Antarctic Peninsula by American and Canadian researchers.
Question: An insect that can recall a specific location for up to a year does what?
Sentence: In a phenomenon known as philopatry, insects that hibernate have shown the ability to recall a specific location up to a year after last viewing the area of interest.
Question: What is the name of the downtown arena?
Sentence: The Brick", as it is locally known, is considered one of the finest minor league parks in the nation.[citation needed]
Question: When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral?
Sentence: Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral.
Question: What award did King Kapisi win for his song Reverse Resistance?
Sentence: The music video for Reverse Resistance was filmed in Savai'i at his villages.
Question: How were comics published when serialization became less common?
Sentence: From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums.
Question: In what year did Schwarzenegger play Jayne Mansfield's husband in a film?
Sentence: In 1977, he also appeared in an episode of the ABC situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums.
Question: What was the name of the treaty that allowed Germany to ceded the land to France?
Sentence: Although U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had insisted that the région was self-ruling by legal status, as its constitution had stated it was bound to the sole authority of the Kaiser and not to the German state, France tolerated no plebiscite, as granted by the League of Nations to some eastern German territories at this time, because Alsatians were considered by the French public as fellow Frenchmen liberated from German rule.
Question: Who sets database access?
Sentence: Database access control deals with controlling who (a person or a certain computer program) is allowed to access what information in the database.
Question: How old is the primitive plying insect found by the University?
Sentence: In 2008, researchers at Tufts University uncovered what they believe is the world's oldest known full-body impression of a primitive flying insect, a 300 million-year-old specimen from the Carboniferous period.
Question: How many years ago did Catholicism arrive in the province?
Sentence: Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of Wenzhou.
Question: What proportion of crystalline ceramics yields a product with a CTE of around 0?
Sentence: The term mainly refers to a mix of lithium and aluminosilicates that yields an array of materials with interesting thermomechanical properties.
Question: In 2015 it was reported that what percentage of the Muslim World was not literate?
Sentence: Literacy rate in the Muslim world varies.
Question: What literal work were followers of Laozi expected to chant?
Sentence: 6th century BC) was a holy prophet who would offer salvation and good health if his devout followers would confess their sins, ban the worship of unclean gods who accepted meat sacrifices and chant sections of the Daodejing.
Question: When did Gaddafi's parents die?
Sentence: His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder.
Question: Who executed the apartheid?
Sentence: American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens.
Question: Why did Madrid cede the territory to the US
Sentence: Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons.
Question: What do you call a dark beer that is brewed with roasted malts or barley?
Sentence: The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porters of London.
Question: What is a notable architectural feature of the basilica?
Sentence: One feature of the basilica is the use of a transept, or the "arms" of a cross-shaped building that are perpendicular to the long nave.
Question: What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese?
Sentence: In recent years, Eritrean athletes have also seen increasing success in the international arena.
Question: How many consecutive wins did Barcelona have in 2010-11?
Sentence: The same day, they registered 77 players across all categories and ages, and both last summer signings Arda Turan and Aleix Vidal became eligible to play with the first team.
Question: What ideology does Microsoft follow?
Sentence: Microsoft's philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves.
Question: What is the school system praised for?
Sentence: Public schools in Raleigh are operated by the Wake County Public School System.
Question: Who founded the Southern Nazarene University
Sentence: Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state.
Question: A plot of the radiation behaviors of an antenna would show what?
Sentence: The pattern of an ideal isotropic antenna, which radiates equally in all directions, would look like a sphere.
Question: According to The Brookings Institution report in June 2009, how much growth did U.S. consumption account for between 2000 and 2007?
Sentence: With a recession in the U.S. and the increased savings rate of U.S. consumers, declines in growth elsewhere have been dramatic.
Question: What naming convention is accepted by all indigenous groups?
Sentence: During the latter half of the 20th century and the rise of the Indian rights movement, the United States government responded by proposing the use of the term "Native American," to recognize the primacy of indigenous peoples' tenure in the nation, but this term was not fully accepted.
Question: When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate?
Sentence: Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993.
Question: In which forum group is Tuvalu a member?
Sentence: Tuvalu is a member of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank.
Question: How may subsets of peoples be named?
Sentence: The Native American name controversy is an ongoing dispute over the acceptable ways to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and to broad subsets thereof, such as those living in a specific country or sharing certain cultural attributes.
Question: Why did the construction of the Fine Arts Palace take so long?
Sentence: Another piece of architecture is the Fine Arts Palace, a white marble theatre/museum whose weight is such that it has gradually been sinking into the soft ground below.
Question: What is the average rainfall of the Sahara?
Sentence: The rainfall is very unreliable and erratic in the Sahara as it may vary considerably year by year.
Question: When did Victoria's mother die?
Sentence: She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering.
Question: Jonathan Kaye is an important person in what form of phonology?
Sentence: Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters.
Question: What year was the Telecommunications Tower constructed?
Sentence: Most of the largest and wealthiest businesses in Uruguay have their headquarters in the city.
Question: Who replaced Abdul?
Sentence: The upheaval at the judging panel continued.
Question: What does the term closeted mean?
Sentence: People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity are sometimes referred to as 'closeted'.
Question: Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
Sentence: The new government called in the French Army to put down the uprising, the first of many such confrontations between the army and the new worker's movements in Europe.
Question: What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 3?
Sentence: The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices.
Question: Who attacks the village?
Sentence: Twilight Princess takes place several centuries after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, and begins with a youth named Link who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village.
Question: What does the "mixture" heading mean?
Sentence: Whereas most responses can be distinguished as falling into one of the five enumerated races, there remains some write-in responses which fall into the "Mixture" heading which cannot be racially categorized.
Question: What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient allow?
Sentence: Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination.
Question: Who did Napoleon declare King of Spain in 1808?
Sentence: Hoping to extend the Continental System, Napoleon invaded Iberia and declared his brother Joseph the King of Spain in 1808.
Question: NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare as measures to reduce what?
Sentence: Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action.
Question: Name one of Madonna's major influence?
Sentence: In 1985, Madonna commented that the first song to ever make a strong impression on her was "
Question: Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what?
Sentence: Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs.
Question: Why is there a lessening of material possessions in hunting and gathering groups?
Sentence: At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population.
Question: Which system bases its unit of time on the properties of caesium?
Sentence: Since 1967, the International System of Measurements bases its unit of time, the second, on the properties of caesium atoms.
Question: What much money did Hanssen receive in cash?
Sentence: His spying activities have been described by the US Department of Justice's Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history".
Question: Who gave students a test to determine their preferences?
Sentence: A test given to new students by Stanford University Music Professor Jonathan Berger showed that student preference for MP3-quality music has risen each year.
Question: What year was Bulevar Circunvalcion constructed?
Sentence: The famous to our days Sunday market of Tristán Narvaja Street was established in Cordón in 1870.
Question: What film did Jennifer Hudson win an Academy Award for?
Sentence: Other alumni have gone on to work in television and films, the most notable being Jennifer Hudson who, on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd, won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance.
Question: What cost is often regarded as marking the achievment of grid parity for PV?
Sentence: The $1.00/W installed cost, is often regarded in the PV industry as marking the achievement of grid parity for PV.
Question: Who caused Nintendo to take formal action regarding rentals?
Sentence: Nintendo took steps to stop game rentals, but didn't take any formal legal action until Blockbuster Video began to make game rentals a large-scale service.
Question: What percentage of Detroit's residents where white in 1940?
Sentence: In 1940, Whites were 90.4% of the city's population.
Question: The goal was to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent in what year?
Sentence: Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for it to go further.