xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What do birds use for evaluation of potential mates and mate attraction?
Sentence: Calls are used for a variety of purposes, including mate attraction, evaluation of potential mates, bond formation, the claiming and maintenance of territories, the identification of other individuals (such as when parents look for chicks in colonies or when mates reunite at the start of breeding season), and the warning of other birds of potential predators, sometimes with specific information about the nature of the threat.
Question: What type of topic is physical pain important in relation to many issues?
Sentence: In some cultures, extreme practices such as mortification of the flesh or painful rites of passage are highly regarded.
Question: In what place with the word "name" in it do most people speak Dutch?
Sentence: Outside of the Low Countries, it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname, and also holds official status in the Caribbean island nations of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten.
Question: Who argued in 2003 that all clades are by definition monophyletic groups?
Sentence: Phylogenetic analysis relies on the concept of derived characteristics that are not shared between groups, usually applying to populations that are allopatric (geographically separated) and therefore discretely bounded.
Question: For what purpose did American Indians use asphalt?
Sentence: The first use of asphalt/bitumen in the New World was by indigenous peoples.
Question: Early papermakers added alum to help in what process?
Sentence: that the alum they added liberally to cure almost every problem encountered in making their product would eventually be detrimental.
Question: Whose consent do the states need to make international treaties?
Sentence: According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared authority of the states and the federation; the states retain residual legislative authority for all other areas, including "culture", which in Germany includes not only topics such as financial promotion of arts and sciences, but also most forms of education and job training.
Question: Which campaign does Beyoncé contribute to that encourages leadership in females?
Sentence: She has also contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign, which uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls.
Question: The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?
Sentence: For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties.
Question: What did Napoleon use to justify his creation of an imperial system?
Sentence: He believed that a Bourbon restoration would be more difficult if his family's succession was entrenched in the constitution.
Question: What percentage of Imperial's staff was deemed to be internationally excellent in 2008?
Sentence: The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise returned 26% of the 1225 staff submitted as being world-leading (4*) and a further 47% as being internationally excellent (3*).
Question: What is the name of the fitness gyms that Madonna opened?
Sentence: Madonna also opened a series of fitness centers around the world named Hard Candy Fitness.
Question: Who removed Jesus from the cross?
Sentence: Following Jesus' death, his body was removed from the cross by Joseph of Arimathea and buried in a rock-hewn tomb, with Nicodemus assisting.
Question: Which chromosome is responsible for produlcing male differentiation on defect female development?
Sentence: The newly formed testicles in the fetus are responsible for the secretion of androgens, that will cooperate in driving the sexual differentiation of the developing fetus, included its brain.
Question: What year was Union-Castle Line mailship replaced?
Sentence: From 1958, the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island.
Question: When was the Capital building completed?
Sentence: A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788.
Question: Pamlico and Cape fear indians are examples of what?
Sentence: Historically documented tribes in the North Carolina region included the Carolina Algonquian-speaking tribes of the coastal areas, such as the Chowanoke, Roanoke, Pamlico, Machapunga, Coree, Cape Fear Indians, and others, who were the first to encounter the English; Iroquoian-speaking Meherrin, Cherokee and Tuscarora of the interior; and Southeastern Siouan tribes, such as the Cheraw, Waxhaw, Saponi, Waccamaw, and Catawba.[citation needed]
Question: Who composed the Benedictine Rule?
Sentence: Benedict of Nursia (d. 547) wrote the Benedictine Rule for Western monasticism during the 6th century, detailing the administrative and spiritual responsibilities of a community of monks led by an abbot.
Question: What does CFL stand for?
Sentence: Care should be taken when selecting CFL's because not all of them are suitable for dimming.
Question: How long were workers in Ford Plant evacuated for?
Sentence: Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopened later on the evening of May 12, offering limited service as the airport began to be used as a staging area for relief operations.
Question: How much of a contribution did the Genome Center at Washington University make in sequencing the Human Genome Project?
Sentence: Among its many recent initiatives, The Genome Center at Washington University (directed by Richard K. Wilson) played a leading role in the Human Genome Project, having contributed 25% of the finished sequence.
Question: What is one of the toughest derbies in the world, run in Egypt?
Sentence: Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt.
Question: What military branch was George W. Bush in?
Sentence: The group included several members of Kerry's unit, such as Larry Thurlow, who commanded a swift boat alongside of Kerry's, and Stephen Gardner, who served on Kerry's boat.
Question: Although he was not the creator of the concept, who popularized the idea of nutritionism?
Sentence: It was originally credited to Gyorgy Scrinis, and was popularized by Michael Pollan.
Question: Where did Truman Capote live in relation to Lee?
Sentence: Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons.
Question: Who performed Alice Polka in honor of Princess Alice?
Sentence: Strauss's "Alice Polka" was first performed at the palace in 1849 in honour of the queen's daughter, Princess Alice.
Question: When was the phonome's modern concept developed?
Sentence: Note that this distinction was not always made, particularly before the development of the modern concept of the phoneme in the mid 20th century.
Question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Poland?
Sentence: The correlation between R1a1a [M17] and the speakers of Indo-European languages, particularly those of Eastern Europe (Russian) and Central and Southern Asia, was noticed in the late 1990s.
Question: The tympana under the dome had images of whom displayed?
Sentence: The north and south tympana beneath the dome was decorated with figures of prophets, saints and patriarchs.
Question: Who was the promoter, director and organizer of the first public library in Montevideo?
Sentence: Its promoter, director and organizer was Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, who also made a considerable donation along with donations from José Raimundo Guerra, as well as others from the Convent of San Francisco in Salta.
Question: Which major global reinsurance company has their headquarters east of the city center?
Sentence: Continental AG, founded in Hanover in 1871, is one of the city's major companies, as is Sennheiser.
Question: How many days are counted between Passover and Shavuot?
Sentence: Similarly, when Jewish families and larger groups sing traditional Sabbath songs known as zemirot outside the context of formal religious services, they usually do so a cappella, and Bar and Bat Mitzvah celebrations on the Sabbath sometimes feature entertainment by a cappella ensembles.
Question: How many people identify as gay or bisexual in NYC?
Sentence: The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest.
Question: Whom set the most recent sales record of vinyl records since 1991?
Sentence: The sales of the record beat the largest sales in one week on vinyl since 1991.
Question: What is the name of Bostons main airport?
Sentence: Logan Airport, located in East Boston and operated by the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), is Boston's principal airport.
Question: How much land did Morgan Stanley purchase?
Sentence: Revel was hindered with many problems, with the biggest setback to the company being in April 2010 when Morgan Stanley, the owner of 90% of Revel Entertainment Group, decided to discontinue funding for continued construction and put its stake in Revel up for sale.
Question: Did literate men acknowledge Virgil as a master or novice poet?
Sentence: Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death."
Question: Along with Grimm's law, what's the other rule for Germanic-sounding speech called?
Sentence: Within the Indo-European language tree, Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages, which means it shares a common ancestor with languages such as English, German, and Scandinavian languages.
Question: What general size are the cavities in the cells of very dense latewood?
Sentence: The strength is in the walls, not the cavities.
Question: What size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime?
Sentence: Counter-intuitively, the "micro" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime.
Question: What do those who think Napoleon was poisoned cite as a symptom that would suggest this?
Sentence: They maintained that the potassium tartrate used in his treatment prevented his stomach from expelling these compounds and that his thirst was a symptom of the poison.
Question: In what decade did Philips produce a "professional" LD model for computer?
Sentence: This strange device could be considered a very early equivalent of a CD-ROM.
Question: What is Crohn's disease?
Sentence: The president also suffered from Crohn's disease, chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine, which necessitated surgery for a bowel obstruction on June 9, 1956.
Question: What companies finished much of the sequencing of the D genome?
Sentence: In 2010, two companies (Monsanto and Illumina), completed enough Illumina sequencing to cover the D genome of G. raimondii about 50x.
Question: What Puerto Rican leader did the FBI spy on?
Sentence: The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.
Question: What is the goal of the NIBRS?
Sentence: Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category.
Question: What was the first TV episode Spielberg directed part of?
Sentence: His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery.
Question: What was distinctly made by Nintendo, Konami, and Acclaim?
Sentence: All licensed US cartridges were made by Nintendo, Konami and Acclaim.
Question: How many legal jurisdictions are Swiss citizens subject to?
Sentence: The instruments of this system at the federal level, known as civic rights (Volksrechte, droits civiques), include the right to submit a constitutional initiative and a referendum, both of which may overturn parliamentary decisions.
Question: In Sumerian society, who oversaw the operation of the first formal schools?
Sentence: Conjointly with the spread of writing, the first formal schools were established, usually under the auspices of a city-state's primary temple.
Question: What two geographies did Frederick want for Prussia?
Sentence: Frederick saw Saxony and Polish west Prussia as potential fields for expansion but could not expect French support if he started an aggressive war for them.
Question: Who serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence?
Sentence: At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence.
Question: What ethnicity was his father?
Sentence: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian.
Question: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1948?
Sentence: J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests.
Question: Where did Ibn Sina hope to flee to after Hamadan?
Sentence: Meanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services.
Question: What was the name of the agreement between Britain and the Chinese that kept the British out of Tibet?
Sentence: The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China.
Question: How many national titles were won when Knute Rockne coached at Notre Dame?
Sentence: Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history.
Question: Who was accused of being mean and cruel on American Idol?
Sentence: Some such as singer John Mayer disparaged the contestants, suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect.
Question: Why was collapsing the two values into one score a problem?
Sentence: Valuable information was lost by collapsing the two values into one final score.
Question: How many nations do the 25 foreign banks operating in Houston represent?
Sentence: Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.
Question: Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination?
Sentence: This certification process is one of three national (U.S.) examinations (the others are CLEP and CLMC) in the lighting industry and is open not only to designers, but to lighting equipment manufacturers, electric utility employees, etc.
Question: Bell's dehusking machine combined what with nail brushes?
Sentence: Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill.
Question: When were RIAA standards established?
Sentence: RCA Victor developed the 45 rpm format and marketed it in March 1949, each pursuing their own r&d in secret.
Question: When did the poultry business boom in the United States ?
Sentence: By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry.
Question: What do the Italian Swiss call Switzerland?
Sentence: Svizzera [ˈzvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ] (Romansh).[note 6]
Question: Where was the "Kanye West Foundation" founded?
Sentence: In 2007, the West and the Foundation partnered with Strong American Schools as part of their "Ed in '08" campaign.
Question: What empire covered most of India in the 16th century?
Sentence: In the 16th century, Mughals came from Central Asia and gradually covered most of India.
Question: Who built the new wing?
Sentence: The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.
Question: How is one attached to the cross?
Sentence: For one spit is transfixed right through from the lower parts up to the head, and one across the back, to which are attached the legs of the lamb."
Question: Which organization did Beyoncé donate her pay for the private performance to?
Sentence: Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huffington Post that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund.
Question: What nickname is given to Electronic warfare aircraft?
Sentence: Electronic warfare aircraft are used to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it.
Question: During what dynasty did the wuzhu stop being the standard coin?
Sentence: Its use was interrupted briefly by several new currencies introduced during Wang Mang's regime until it was reinstated in 40 AD by Emperor Guangwu.
Question: How many seasons was Mariah Carey a judge on American Idol?
Sentence: Both judges Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers.
Question: According to theory, what did climate change in the Late Triassic cause?
Sentence: The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true dinosaurs evolve, as well as pterosaurs.
Question: What theory did Darwin introduce?
Sentence: Major breakthroughs came in biology, especially in Darwin's theory of evolution, as well as physics (electromagnetism), mathematics (non-Euclidean geometry, group theory) and chemistry (organic chemistry).
Question: What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024?
Sentence: In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) over church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy.
Question: Which suras in the Quran are particularly rhythmic?
Sentence: The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others.
Question: How would you compare the rules of a treaty and a covenant under international law?
Sentence: Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same.
Question: As of 2012, prices for what commodity continued to drop?
Sentence: Prices for renewable energy technologies, primarily wind power and solar power, continued to drop, making renewables competitive with conventional energy sources.
Question: Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?
Sentence: Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements.
Question: When did Arsenal join the Football League?
Sentence: Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893.
Question: What happened in the Carboniferous?
Sentence: In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life.
Question: Which single from B'Day was only released in the U.K.?
Sentence: B'Day also produced three other singles; "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", and "Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).
Question: What were one of  Metzingers two showings in 1912's Salon des Independants?
Sentence: Although the work was shown in the Salon de la Section d'Or in October 1912 and the 1913 Armory Show in New York, Duchamp never forgave his brothers and former colleagues for censoring his work.
Question: How does a CCA impact unlisted species?
Sentence: The FWS will then assure that if, in the future the unlisted species becomes listed, the landowner will not be required to do more than already agreed upon in the CCA.
Question: What is the alternative name that Government of Ireland uses instead of British Isles?
Sentence: As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative description, and Atlantic Archipelago has had limited use among a minority in academia, although British Isles is still commonly employed.
Question: At long range what, in theory, could be used to set ranging calculations?
Sentence: At short range, the apparent target area is relatively large, the trajectory is flat and the time of flight is short, allowing to correct lead by watching the tracers.
Question: Beyonce's family's company name is what?
Sentence: The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress.
Question: What spirit did Dominic give to his followers?
Sentence: Fundamentally, Dominic was "... a man of prayer who utilized the full resources of the learning available to him to preach, to teach, and even materially to assist those searching for the truth found in the gospel of Christ.
Question: Adherents to this position consider the influence of Anabaptists upon early Baptists to be what?
Sentence: Both individuals and churches were willing to give up their theological roots if they became convinced that a more biblical "truth" had been discovered.[page needed]
Question: What led to the defeat of the Prussians at Memel?
Sentence: Sweden felt this small army was all that was needed to occupy Pomerania and felt the Swedish army would not need to engage with the Prussians because the Prussians were occupied on so many other fronts.
Question: What portable game systems have SNES emulators?
Sentence: While individual games have been included with emulators on some GameCube discs, Nintendo's Virtual Console service for the Wii marks the introduction of officially sanctioned general SNES emulation, though SNES9x GX, a port of SNES9x, has been made for the Wii.
Question: Slovene is a major language in what country?
Sentence: Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia.
Question: Why was the Centre de Liasion et d'information des Puissances maconniques signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg set up?
Sentence: The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions, and expects its allies to follow suit.
Question: What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference?
Sentence: Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful impact on realization of sexual orientation.
Question: The Dominican Order was also greatly helped by what German friar?
Sentence: Indeed, it was the thirty years of work done by Thomas Aquinas and himself (1245–1274) that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools.
Question: What is a common Attic-based dialect?
Sentence: This mixture of Greek-speakers gave birth to a common Attic-based dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world.
Question: In 1973, which historian objected to comparisons between Napoleon and Hitler?
Sentence: He was compared to Adolf Hitler most famously by the historian Pieter Geyl in 1947 and Claude Ribbe in 2005.
Question: In what century did the Carnival become an organized event?
Sentence: In the twentieth century it became an organized event held during the 10 days preceding Lent (according to the Greek Orthodox calendar).
Question: How many people arrived without an invitation?
Sentence: Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend.
Question: What did the soviets opposed rebuilding?
Sentence: Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed.
Question: How many participants are there?
Sentence: General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes.