xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces?
Sentence: Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive.
Question: What harsh measures do farmers use to prevent the chickens from harming themselves or others?
Sentence: In intensive systems, cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common, with some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure.
Question: How many square miles is the island of Iwo Jima?
Sentence: Iwo Jima was an 8 sq mile (21 km2) island situated halfway between Tokyo and the Mariana Islands.
Question: What types of elevator hold the highest safety record?
Sentence: While it is possible (though extraordinarily unlikely) for an elevator's cable to snap, all elevators in the modern era have been fitted with several safety devices which prevent the elevator from simply free-falling and crashing.
Question: How much were the vouchers worth that Nintendo sent out?
Sentence: GameSpy remarked that Nintendo's punishment was particularly weak giving the case's findings, although it has been speculated that the FTC did not want to damage the video game industry in the United States.
Question: What percentage of the population aged 15 and over were shown to have an immigrant background as of 2012?
Sentence: Additionally, the figures from 2012 show that 34.7% of the permanent resident population aged 15 or over in Switzerland, i.e. 2,335,000 persons, had an immigrant background.
Question: Lie algebras and hypobolic quanternions drew attention to the need for what?
Sentence: At the time structures such as Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class.
Question: Other than the Roman Catholic Church, which church holds the doctrine of the Assumption to be true?
Sentence: The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus.
Question: What song was the Spectre theme comapred to unfavorably?
Sentence: It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's "Skyfall".
Question: Who created a biological classification in 1735?
Sentence: The biological classification introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1735 also viewed species as fixed according to the divine plan.
Question: What is the sentence structure of Czech syntax?
Sentence: Pavla is in the accusative case, the grammatical object (in this case, the victim) of the verb.
Question: How many staff members did Imperial claim to have in 2014?
Sentence: Imperial submitted a total of 1,257 staff across 14 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment.
Question: How does the numbers in the gay community rank compared to other US cities?
Sentence: This was the second-highest proportion of any major U.S. city, behind San Francisco Greater Seattle also ranked second among major U.S. metropolitan areas, with 6.5% of the population identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.
Question: What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in?
Sentence: Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years, yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first.
Question: How prevalent is Principia Mathematica today?
Sentence: Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica.
Question: What was the name of Feynman's 1959 talk on nanotech?
Sentence: There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, The Feynman Lectures on Physics.
Question: For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match what?
Sentence: For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source.
Question: On what day did Paul VI die?
Sentence: In his will, he requested to be buried in the "true earth" and therefore, he does not have an ornate sarcophagus but an in-ground grave.
Question: What do plants release during photosynthesis?
Sentence: Release of the energy stored during photosynthesis as heat or light may be triggered suddenly by a spark, in a forest fire, or it may be made available more slowly for animal or human metabolism, when these molecules are ingested, and catabolism is triggered by enzyme action.
Question: How many iMac units sold in the first 139 days?
Sentence: The iMac proved to be phenomenally successful, with 800,000 units sold in 139 days.
Question: In what neighboring countries are passenger elevators required to adhere to Standard A17.1?
Sentence: In addition, passenger elevators may be required to conform to the requirements of A17.3 for existing elevators where referenced by the local jurisdiction.
Question: Which election did Kerry's PAC focus on?
Sentence: Through his campaign account and his political action committee, the Kerry campaign operation generated more than $10 million for various party committees and 179 candidates for the U.S. House, Senate, state and local offices in 42 states focusing on the midterm elections during the 2006 election cycle. "
Question: The state hosts populations of birds of both endemic species and what?
Sentence: The state is also a host to a large population of birds which include endemic species and migratory species: greater roadrunner Geococcyx californianus, cactus wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Mexican jay Aphelocoma ultramarina, Steller's jay Cyanocitta stelleri, acorn woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus, canyon towhee Pipilo fuscus, mourning dove Zenaida macroura, broad-billed hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris, Montezuma quail Cyrtonyx montezumae, mountain trogon Trogon mexicanus, turkey vulture Cathartes aura, and golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos.
Question: The rise of Chinese population saw a rapid increase during which revolution?
Sentence: The overseas Chinese community has played a large role in the development of the economies in the region.
Question: Who reported the resolution of the BeiDou system in 2007?
Sentence: With the existing user terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m (100m, uncalibrated).
Question: Which sub-antarctic islands have glaciers?
Sentence: Oceanic islands with glaciers occur on Iceland, Svalbard, New Zealand, Jan Mayen and the subantarctic islands of Marion, Heard, Grande Terre (Kerguelen) and Bouvet.
Question: What was thought might maximize the odds of finding unique cluster patterns in groups?
Sentence: It was thought that such large geographic distances would maximize the genetic variation between the groups sampled in the analysis and thus maximize the probability of finding cluster patterns unique to each group.
Question: What was the first automatic, digital, programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse?
Sentence: Replacement of the hard-to-implement decimal system (used in Charles Babbage's earlier design) by the simpler binary system meant that Zuse's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable, given the technologies available at that time.
Question: Israel's Supreme Court fulfills what two major functions?
Sentence: The Israeli supreme court is both an appellate court and the high court of justice.
Question: What is a multi-point control unit?
Sentence: This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint control unit (a centralized distribution and call management system) or by a similar non-centralized multipoint capability embedded in each videoconferencing unit.
Question: What is the standard pronunciation of Catalan?
Sentence: Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language.
Question: What year did the brewing company BrewDog start producing a beer called Ghost Deer?
Sentence: Since then, some brewers have used champagne yeasts to increase the alcohol content of their beers.
Question: What could have affected Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch?
Sentence: Certainly, in those parts of the Western Mediterranean subject to Islamic control or influence, rich regional variants arose, fusing Romanesque and later Gothic traditions with Islamic decorative forms, as seen, for example, in Monreale and Cefalù Cathedrals, the Alcázar of Seville, and Teruel Cathedral.
Question: What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?
Sentence: Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric.
Question: In 2009, what was the first name of the former Queen member Brian May told fans he had a better understanding with?
Sentence: The good news, though, is that Roger and I have a much closer mutual understanding these days—privately and professionally ... and all ideas are carefully considered.
Question: How do elevators built in pairs work?
Sentence: Some people argue that elevators began as simple rope or chain hoists (see Traction elevators below).
Question: Which article stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law"?
Sentence: The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28).
Question: What country's ships did some witnesses say were involved in the Baarawe attack?
Sentence: Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed.
Question: Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname?
Sentence: In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.
Question: Is the Arundo donax a monocot or dicot cane plant?
Sentence: Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood.
Question: What was the essential piece Cubist architects explained in their theoretical rules?
Sentence: In their theoretical rules, the Cubist architects expressed the requirement of dynamism, which would surmount the matter and calm contained in it, through a creative idea, so that the result would evoke feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer.
Question: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have?
Sentence: Drug-resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries, as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs.
Question: Who established the chivalry of british constiutional monarchy?
Sentence: It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female.
Question: When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl?
Sentence: It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710.
Question: Who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches?
Sentence: Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.
Question: When was Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"?
Sentence: It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team, including Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" on September 21, 1997, the Steve Goodman song mentioned above, and a newly recorded rendition of "Talkin' Baseball" (subtitled "Baseball and the Cubs") by Terry Cashman.
Question: What was the area of Hyderabad before the GHMC?
Sentence: When the GHMC was created in 2007, the area occupied by the municipality increased from 175 km2 (68 sq mi) to 650 km2 (250 sq mi).
Question: What is the name of China's oldest stage art?
Sentence: Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art.
Question: Quranic verses concerning which phenomena are thought by Muslims to authenticate its contents?
Sentence: The Quranic content is concerned with basic Islamic beliefs including the existence of God and the resurrection.
Question: Composers and musicians began to construct lives independent of what in the 19th century?
Sentence: In the 19th century, musical institutions emerged from the control of wealthy patrons, as composers and musicians could construct lives independent of the nobility.
Question: Which book of literature standards suggests capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs?
Sentence: For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style (2002) suggests capitalising "the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, but generally not articles, conjunctions and short prepositions".
Question: Who was the son of Abu Sufyan?
Sentence: Abu Sufyan and his wife Hind embraced Islam on the eve of the conquest of Mecca, as did their son (the future caliph Muawiyah I).
Question: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?
Sentence: However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.
Question: In which year did Mongolia seek entry in the Warsaw Pact?
Sentence: In July 1963 the Mongolian People's Republic asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty.
Question: In what year did Argentina's University Revolution occur?
Sentence: Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, for instance the National University of Ireland in the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information on the Irish language and Irish culture.
Question: When did Demetrius seize the Macedonian throne?
Sentence: Seleucus then attempted to conquer Lysimachus' European territories in Thrace and Macedon, but he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus ("the thunderbolt"), who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court and then had himself acclaimed as king of Macedon.
Question: Who was Frédéric's trusted adviser while in Paris?
Sentence: Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there.
Question: For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by Ludwig von Mises?
Sentence: During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him.
Question: What date did the torch relay event take place?
Sentence: : The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28.
Question: Dogs were depicted as art on the walls of what?
Sentence: Cultural depictions of dogs in art extend back thousands of years to when dogs were portrayed on the walls of caves.
Question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide?
Sentence: The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership.
Question: What was the English first name Farrokh Bulsara adopted?
Sentence: While attending Ealing Art College, Tim Staffell became friends with Farrokh Bulsara, a fellow student who had assumed the English name of Freddie.
Question: How did Nicholas Lezard describe post-punk?
Sentence: Nicholas Lezard described post-punk as "a fusion of art and music".
Question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for male players?
Sentence: Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury.
Question: What was the cause of the onus?
Sentence: The cause of the onus was the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians because they were Christians, but it seemed to spill over into the protracted conflicts of the Balkans.
Question: Where does meteoric iron come from?
Sentence: It is the main constituent of iron meteorites which occasionally fall down on Earth from outer space.
Question: What science is based on linguistics, mathematics, and engineering?
Sentence: Contemporary computer science typically distinguishes itself by emphasising mathematical 'theory' in contrast to the practical emphasis of software engineering.
Question: Where were the first pipe organs confined to?
Sentence: Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear.
Question: Who reported Apple's market share in 2007?
Sentence: During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%.
Question: What is a commercial solution that can also be used?
Sentence: Clean plain water can also be one of several fluids given.
Question: What was the formal name of 'swift boats'?
Sentence: "When I signed up for the swift boats, they had very little to do with the war.
Question: Who wrote the 2007 book The Black Swan?
Sentence: According to David Brooks from the New York Times, "Taleb not only has an explanation for what’s happening, he saw it coming."
Question: How many forests does Yale own?
Sentence: Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.
Question: The international torch relay was canceled for what event in June 2008?
Sentence: In June 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled.
Question: Submarine Squadron 4 is homeported at what type of military base?
Sentence: Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base.
Question: What were the five Departments of State that did the work of the modern Ministry of Defence?
Sentence: From 1946 to 1964 five Departments of State did the work of the modern Ministry of Defence: the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry, the Ministry of Aviation, and an earlier form of the Ministry of Defence.
Question: What language did most of Upper Canada speak?
Sentence: The Constitutional Act of 1791 created the provinces of Upper Canada (mainly English-speaking) and Lower Canada (mainly French-speaking) to defuse tensions between the French and British communities, and implemented governmental systems similar to those employed in Britain, with the intention of asserting imperial authority and not allowing the sort of popular control of government that was perceived to have led to the American Revolution.
Question: How many Japanese carriers were sunk during the war?
Sentence: By 1945, sinkings of Japanese vessels had decreased because so few targets dared to venture out on the high seas.
Question: How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations?
Sentence: In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings.
Question: What Adventist groups observe the Sabbath?
Sentence: The movement has encouraged the examination of the whole Bible, leading Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups to observe the Sabbath.
Question: What ethnicity was his mother?
Sentence: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian.
Question: What is one material that does not have this quality?
Sentence: These can be used to give the antenna a different behavior on receiving than it has on transmitting, which can be useful in applications like radar.
Question: When was NESticle released?
Sentence: It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996.
Question: When was the Montevideo Crandon Institute founded?
Sentence: Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values.
Question: How many articles were contained in the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses?
Sentence: In June, Libya's government issued the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses, in which 27 articles laid out goals, rights and guarantees to improve the situation of human rights in Libya, restricting the use of the death penalty and calling for its eventual abolition.
Question: What part of the USSR did Armenia join?
Sentence: Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic.
Question: What percentage of students are in private schools in Hyderabad?
Sentence: Public and private schools in Hyderabad are governed by the Central Board of Secondary Education and follow a "10+2+3" plan.
Question: What has the research that has been done already show about sexual orientation show?
Sentence: Research over several decades has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.
Question: How many members are there in the Conseil de Paris?
Sentence: The mayor of Paris is elected indirectly by Paris voters; the voters of each arrondissement elect the Conseil de Paris (Council of Paris), composed of 163 members.
Question: Why use two consecutive year dates?
Sentence: Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.).
Question: Which types of lamps use screw terminals for connection to wires?
Sentence: Contacts in the lamp socket allow the electric current to pass through the base to the filament.
Question: Was Menzies for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia?
Sentence: The Government was returned again in the 1954 election; the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955 helped the Liberals to another victory in December 1955.
Question: How many troops had the Japanese lost?
Sentence: This represented the worst defeat suffered by the Japanese Army to that date.[citation needed]
Question: Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion play an important role?
Sentence: In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance.
Question: What year did The New York Times start?
Sentence: In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.
Question: What percentage of building collapsed in Beichuan?
Sentence: In Beichuan County, 80% of the buildings collapsed according to Xinhua News.
Question: What artist's return to Marvel was announced at this event?
Sentence: At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for rival DC Comics.
Question: In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?
Sentence: The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions.