xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: When did the Black Death end?
Sentence: The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans.
Question: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in seasons two and three?
Sentence: In the first three seasons, the semi-finalists were split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night.
Question: Why did Jesus submit to crucifixion?
Sentence: John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father.
Question: After the Licensing Act 2003, who determined the operating hours of pubs?
Sentence: This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice.
Question: What can cause a break down of a biodiversity system?
Sentence: A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa.
Question: What other language has she sung?
Sentence: While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day.
Question: In what sea is Elba located?
Sentence: In the first few months on Elba he created a small navy and army, developed the iron mines, and issued decrees on modern agricultural methods.
Question: What type of fisheries does the state have?
Sentence: The state has robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries in the west, walleye can be found in many parts of the state, while northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass fisheries as well as catfish and paddlefish can be found in the waters of eastern Montana.
Question: How many Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria were appointed in 1839?
Sentence: The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters to take possession of Aboriginal lands.
Question: How much did  philanthropic foundations donate between 1925 and 1940?
Sentence: Between 1925 and 1940, philanthropic foundations, especially ones connected with the Rockefellers, contributed about $7 million to support the Yale Institute of Human Relations and the affiliated Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology.
Question: Against whom was gunpowder used in 1304?
Sentence: Gunpowder was known in Europe by the mid-13th century with a recorded use in European warfare by the English against the Scots in 1304, although it was merely used as an explosive and not as a weapon.
Question: Along with gas cooled reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?
Sentence: The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
Question: What are all USB On-The-Go devices required to have?
Sentence: Prior to the development of micro-USB, USB On-The-Go devices were required to use mini-AB receptacles to perform the equivalent job.
Question: When was the Bologna process adopted?
Sentence: Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of numerus clausus is enforced through a national database on student admissions.
Question: Greece was split into sections of different rulers in what year?
Sentence: The re-establishment of the Byzantine imperial capital in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the empire's recovery of much of the Greek peninsula, although the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the Peloponnese and the rival Greek Despotate of Epirus in the north both remained important regional powers into the 14th century, while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control.
Question: What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays?
Sentence: The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there.
Question: When was the Zinoviev letter published?
Sentence: The letter had little impact on the Labour vote—which held up.
Question: What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA?
Sentence: Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs.
Question: Where is Columbia University located?
Sentence: In 1948, Eisenhower became President of Columbia University, an Ivy League university in New York City.
Question: What were two other locations people began to fly to instead of going to Atlantic City?
Sentence: But perhaps the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity came from cheap, fast jet service to other premier resorts, such as Miami Beach and the Bahamas.
Question: What is the time limit for designating a species critical habitat after the species has been added to the endangered list?
Sentence: The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list.
Question: What happened in the Early Ceramic period?
Sentence: The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural period, circa 1200 BC to AD 150.
Question: How does man first perceive features of an object?
Sentence: In sense perception, the perceiver senses the form of the object; first, by perceiving features of the object by our external senses.
Question: Bribery is an example of corruption that involves what type of gain?
Sentence: Some forms of corruption – now called "institutional corruption" – are distinguished from bribery and other kinds of obvious personal gain.
Question: What was the name of Napoleon's valet?
Sentence: Forshufvud, in a 1978 book with Ben Weider, noted that Napoleon's body was found to be remarkably well preserved when moved in 1840.
Question: What is the polish name for knight?
Sentence: , the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from the German "Erbe", "heritage").
Question: When did BYU first open its doors to students?
Sentence: The suggestion received a large amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasn't large enough to be a university, but the decision ultimately passed.
Question: Who eventually lead the project on the Mac team?
Sentence: Raskin was authorized to start hiring for the project in September 1979, and he immediately asked his long-time colleague, Brian Howard, to join him.
Question: For each electron that departs the positive plate, how many electrons build up on the negative plate?
Sentence: The current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit is defined as the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it, but actual charges—electrons—cannot pass through the dielectric layer of a capacitor.
Question: What is the funneling that occurs that brings blood back to the heart?
Sentence: Once the blood reaches the heart it moves first into the right atrium, then the right ventricle to be pumped through the lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen.
Question: Greece is where geographically?
Sentence: Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world with 13,676 km (8,498 mi); its land boundary is 1,160 km (721 mi).
Question: What was focused in March?
Sentence: The attacks were focused against western ports in March.
Question: Where is RAF Brize Norton located?
Sentence: Bardufoss Airport , Bardufoss Air Station in Norway and Pune Airport in India are examples of this.
Question: In what year did low scores of black firefighters on a promotion test issued by the New Haven Fire Department ultimately halt promotions for all firefighters of any race in the city?
Sentence: The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department.
Question: At what currently defunct New Haven venues did minor league hockey and baseball teams play throughout the latter half of the 20th century?
Sentence: New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl.
Question: In 1995, who requested that domestic leagues lower the amount of games played.
Sentence: Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted.
Question: What year did the Haddon House open?
Sentence: The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end.
Question: What minority leaders have played prominenct roles to opposing incumbent president?
Sentence: For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership.
Question: Where did John march from?
Sentence: He marched from the Cotswolds, feigned an offensive to relieve the besieged Windsor Castle, and attacked eastwards around London to Cambridge to separate the rebel-held areas of Lincolnshire and East Anglia.
Question: What happens when companies outsource?
Sentence: A direct consequence within the pharmaceutical industry value chain is that major pharmaceutical multinationals tend to increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research, which somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies playing an increasingly important role, and overall strategies being redefined accordingly.
Question: What was different about swedish progressive house music?
Sentence: Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello
Question: In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations?
Sentence: Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted.
Question: Humans can control insects using what?
Sentence: Insect pollinators are essential to the life-cycle of many flowering plant species on which most organisms, including humans, are at least partly dependent; without them, the terrestrial portion of the biosphere (including humans) would be devastated.
Question: Von Braun and his associates were sent to  United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year?
Sentence: From here, von Braun and his team would develop the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that would, in slightly modified versions, launch both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions.
Question: Anti-infective drugs became more prominent after what war?
Sentence: Nonetheless, the dramatic decrease in deaths from infectious diseases that occurred prior to World War II was primarily the result of improved public health measures such as clean water and less crowded housing, and the impact of anti-infective drugs and vaccines was significant mainly after World War II.
Question: Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons?
Sentence: The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex.
Question: How many tourists visited Kathmandu in the period 1961-62?
Sentence: Tourism is a major source of income for most of the people in the city, with several hundred thousand visitors annually.
Question: What does a forensic archaeologist become stimulated to do in the presence of buried victims?
Sentence: This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number.
Question: What do most mosaics from the 7th-9th centuries have in common?
Sentence: They were all destroyed later except for one example, the so-called Triclinio Leoniano of which a copy was made in the 18th century.
Question: In which year was the Western Interprovincial Football Union founded?
Sentence: Later both the Ontario and Quebec Rugby Football Union (ORFU and QRFU) were formed (January 1883), and then the Interprovincial (1907) and Western Interprovincial Football Union (1936) (IRFU and WIFU).
Question: Which groups or religions were greatly accepted in Alsace?
Sentence: Landowners, who as "local lords" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land, were eager to entice populations from the more attractive lowlands to settle and develop their property.
Question: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west?
Sentence: Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 which were challenged forcefully by the Sioux under chief Sitting Bull.
Question: What does CBR stand for?
Sentence: The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding.
Question: What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth?
Sentence: Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals.
Question: What was the initial launch window of the 360 console?
Sentence: Although not the best-selling console of its generation, the Xbox 360 was deemed by TechRadar to be the most influential through its emphasis on digital media distribution and multiplayer gaming on Xbox Live.
Question: What does the use of combinatorial testing consist of?
Sentence: Whether they are looking for speed or test depth, they can use combinatorial test design methods to build structured variation into their test cases.
Question: Did bribery work in convincing Liberius to believe the Arians?
Sentence: The Emperor knew what he wanted people to believe.
Question: Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?
Sentence: The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
Question: During what part of the week is the time change most often scheduled?
Sentence: Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules.
Question: If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?
Sentence: According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910.
Question: What did the Lorenz beam allow aircraft to do?
Sentence: Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather.
Question: Where is Oak Tree Country Club?
Sentence: Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001.
Question: In addition to a lack of muscle tone, what is believed to be the main cause of the beer belly?
Sentence: But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the product itself.
Question: What is the by-product of non-repiratory anaerobes?
Sentence: Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors depending on the environmental conditions in which they find themselves.
Question: What is the most reliable method of learning about pain in a human?
Sentence: Academic reviews of the topic are more equivocal, noting that although the argument that animals have at least simple conscious thoughts and feelings has strong support, some critics continue to question how reliably animal mental states can be determined.
Question: In what year was the Non-Aligned Movment formed?
Sentence: In 1964, Nasser was made president of the NAM and held the second conference of the organization in Cairo.
Question: Who was the editor who got their hands on the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird?
Sentence: After finishing the first draft and returning it to Lippincott, the manuscript, at that point titled "Go Set a Watchman", fell into the hands of Therese von Hohoff Torrey — known professionally as Tay Hohoff — a small, wiry veteran editor in her late 50s.
Question: Which writing detailed Jesus' appearance before ascension?
Sentence: According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15:4), Jesus was raised from the dead ("on the third day" counting the day of crucifixion as the first) and according to the canonical Gospels, appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven.
Question: During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?
Sentence: Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer.
Question: What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for?
Sentence: The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant.
Question: In 1964 what was reported that Quebec extremists planned ?
Sentence: No attempt was made, but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal; the Queen's "calmness and courage in the face of the violence" was noted.
Question: What is palatalization?
Sentence: Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants.
Question: The first astrolabe with a mechanical calendar was invented where?
Sentence: An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1235.
Question: What is at the centre of the Nouveau Jardin?
Sentence: At the centre of the Nouveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain.
Question: In which year was the Hennessy Scholarship founded?
Sentence: The headmasters' close friendship spawned the Hennessy Scholarship, an annual prize established in 2005 and awarded to a graduating RL senior for a year of study at Eton.
Question: There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?
Sentence: After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue
Question: What year did The Times of India start?
Sentence: In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.
Question: What was the lockout chip number for most of Europe, save the UK and Italy?
Sentence: Since two types of lockout chip were used in Europe, European NES game boxes often had an "A" or "B" letter on the front, indicating whether the game is compatible with UK/Italian/Australian consoles (A), or the rest of Europe (B).
Question: Which dynasty ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department?
Sentence: Mongol rule of Tibet remained separate from the main provinces of China, but the region existed under the administration of the Yuan dynasty.
Question: How was the British night fighter operations faring?
Sentence: British night-fighter operations out over the Channel were proving highly successful.
Question: On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power?
Sentence: On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies only 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD; on a desktop workstation it can additionally supply 12 V to power larger devices including 3.5-inch HDD/SSD and 5.25-inch optical drives.
Question: Who created the Eight Banners?
Sentence: The early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations.
Question: What percent of the Manhattan population has a university degree, as of 2000?
Sentence: These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged from 68.8% (Brooklyn) to 82.6% (Staten Island) for high school graduates over 24, and from 21.8% (Brooklyn) to 49.4% (Manhattan) for college graduates.
Question: What develpment produced the first large fleet ships?
Sentence: As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carriers were conversions of ships that were laid down (or had served) as different ship types: cargo ships, cruisers, battlecruisers, or battleships.
Question: What does the abbreviation OECD expand to?
Sentence: The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981.
Question: What residence was the Paul VI staying in on the day of his death?
Sentence: On 6 August 1978 at 21:41 Paul VI died in Castel Gandolfo.
Question: What was the capital of China?
Sentence: but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by Japanese in May.
Question: Who publishes The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?
Sentence: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review is a scholarly legal publication published annually by an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates.
Question: How long is the run way in vaulting?
Sentence: From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards and executes a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting table.
Question: Who discovered uranium in pitchblende?
Sentence: Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel.
Question: What was one of the first things that the newly-elected Dwight Eisenhower did after the election?
Sentence: With the United Nations' acceptance of India's proposed Korean War armistice, the KPA, the PVA, and the UN Command ceased fire with the battle line approximately at the 38th parallel.
Question: How many newly promoted clubs were relegated from the Premier League in 1997-98?
Sentence: Since its split with the Football League, many established clubs in the Premier League have managed to distance themselves from their counterparts in lower leagues.
Question: In what year did Canada put out a coin to commemorate the Silver Dart?
Sentence: That first flight was made by an airplane designed under Dr. Bell's tutelage, named the Silver Dart.
Question: What is significant about the weather that San Diego experienced in December 1921?
Sentence: Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year.
Question: What are the US territories overseas located in the Pacific?
Sentence: The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland.
Question: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?
Sentence: Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences.
Question: When was Northern Rock taken into public hands?
Sentence: Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise the institution were initially ignored; in February 2008, however, the British government (having failed to find a private sector buyer) relented, and the bank was taken into public hands.