xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: Where is partial migration most common?
Sentence: Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration".
Question: Lionel Robbins' The Great Depression was a result of his support for what?
Sentence: Hayek continued his research on monetary and capital theory, revising his theories of the relations between credit cycles and capital structure in Profits, Interest and Investment (1939) and The Pure Theory of Capital (1941), but his reputation as an economic theorist had by then fallen so much that those works were largely ignored, except for scathing critiques by Nicholas Kaldor.
Question: How can scientists use bacteria in the study of plants?
Sentence: Schell and Van Montagu (1977) hypothesised that the Ti plasmid could be a natural vector for introducing the Nif gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of legumes and other plant species.
Question: Where are the indigenous peoples referred to as "American Indians"?
Sentence: Indigenous Polynesian peoples, which include Marshallese, Samoan, Tahitian, and Tongan, are politically considered Pacific Islands American but are geographically and culturally distinct from indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Question: What era did the classical era follow?
Sentence: It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century.
Question: What day is know in the United States as "V-J Day"?
Sentence: However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan).
Question: Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison?
Sentence: In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food.
Question: What draws together the axes of cultural and social anthropology?
Sentence: Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the relationships among persons and groups.
Question: What sort of capacitors are used to carry a varying signal from the conductive plate of one tube to the grid circuit of the next stage?
Sentence: A leaky capacitor can cause the grid circuit voltage to be raised from its normal bias setting, causing excessive current or signal distortion in the downstream tube.
Question: What is considered the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator?
Sentence: First recognized in 1900 by Max Planck, it was originally the proportionality constant between the minimal increment of energy, E, of a hypothetical electrically charged oscillator in a cavity that contained black body radiation, and the frequency, f, of its associated electromagnetic wave.
Question: What are the people who raise Digimon called?
Sentence: In many incarnations, Digimon are raised by humans called "Digidestined" or "Tamers", and they team up to defeat evil Digimon and human villains who are trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world.
Question: What does IC stand for?
Sentence: "IC" stands for "Identification Code;" these items are also referred to as Phoenix classifications.
Question: What event did Victoria attend in 1866 for the first time following Albert's death?
Sentence: In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death.
Question: When did KU start fielding a football team?
Sentence: The team plays at Memorial Stadium, which recently underwent a $31 million renovation to add the Anderson Family Football Complex, adding a football practice facility adjacent to the stadium complete with indoor partial practice field, weight room, and new locker room.
Question: Which Queen tour was the first to feature Spike Edney?
Sentence: The band responded to the critics by stating that they were playing music for fans in South Africa, and they also stressed that the concerts were played before integrated audiences.
Question: The study and following of classical writers was said to be a solution to what issue?
Sentence: Paul Johnson agrees that Petrarch was "the first to put into words the notion that the centuries between the fall of Rome and the present had been the age of Darkness".
Question: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Diego?
Sentence: The San Diego River runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley which serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments.
Question: What term describes the nature of how the university is partially funded?
Sentence: The university offers more than 345 degree programs.
Question: What was the date of the battle of Cowpens?
Sentence: Following General Daniel Morgan's victory over the British Cavalry Commander Banastre Tarleton at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781, southern commander Nathanael Greene led British Lord Charles Cornwallis across the heartland of North Carolina, and away from the latter's base of supply in Charleston, South Carolina.
Question: During what season were "cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day?
Sentence: Through the 2013 season, there were "Cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day, but none are employed by the team.
Question: Who developed Chlorothiazide?
Sentence: A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis).
Question: Are minority leadership roles specified closely?
Sentence: The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined.
Question: Drug-resistant TB is one of the barriers to success of the Stop TB Partnership's initiative; what's the other other?
Sentence: A number of targets they have set are not likely to be achieved by 2015, mostly due to the increase in HIV-associated tuberculosis and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Question: When did the US begin to experience a growing multiracial identity movement?
Sentence: Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins, the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial.
Question: What was the percentage of whites in 1970?
Sentence: According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites.
Question: In what part of France was Cluny Abbey founded?
Sentence: Monastic reform became an important issue during the 11th century, as elites began to worry that monks were not adhering to the rules binding them to a strictly religious life.
Question: Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for?
Sentence: He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid.
Question: How far away was the potential conflict Burke argued against?
Sentence: Second, Burke worried about the uncertainty surrounding whether Britain would win a conflict in America. "
Question: According to which entity can tourism be a tremendous development tool & means to preserving the cultural diversity of the planet?
Sentence: According to UNESCO, "tourism, if correctly conceived, can be a tremendous development tool and an effective means of preserving the cultural diversity of our planet."
Question: What new type of armor replaced the old?
Sentence: In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection.
Question: For which industry were elevators first used?
Sentence: Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories.
Question: For which New Haven neighborhood did the Orange Street bike lane provide a connection to downtown?
Sentence: In 2004, the first bike lane in the city was added to Orange Street, connecting East Rock Park and the East Rock neighborhood to downtown.
Question: What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel?
Sentence: Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues.
Question: How many deputies were elected?
Sentence: Among the 225 Ukrainian deputies, most were conservatives, though a handful of progressives made the cut.
Question: Centrifugation and pressing are prime examples of what?
Sentence: Because of reduced nutritional value, processed foods are often 'enriched' or 'fortified' with some of the most critical nutrients (usually certain vitamins) that were lost during processing.
Question: Which is Melbourne's largest dam?
Sentence: Water storage and supply for Melbourne is managed by Melbourne Water, which is owned by the Victorian Government.
Question: What was Madonna's debut single called?
Sentence: After this success, she started developing her debut album, Madonna, which was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros.
Question: What is particularly important in closed habitats like forests?
Sentence: This has led to the development of many mixed-species feeding flocks, which are usually composed of small numbers of many species; these flocks provide safety in numbers but increase potential competition for resources.
Question: What is the pure silver dollar referred to as?
Sentence: The pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle.
Question: Whose suggestion prompted the development of peripheral pattern theory?
Sentence: Both peripheral pattern theory and gate control theory have been superseded by more modern theories of pain[citation needed].
Question: The physics of quantum mechanics included special cases for what work?
Sentence: This new mathematical formulation included as special cases the formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger.
Question: What was the strategic purpose to settle this area
Sentence: Somerton took over from Ilchester as the county town in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366.
Question: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans?
Sentence: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants.
Question: Software stored in hardware that cannot be changed easily is called what?
Sentence: When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called "firmware".
Question: How long did the FSF boycott GNU software for the Macintosh platform?
Sentence: In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows.
Question: What leader took power in Sudan and was inspired by Nasser?
Sentence: Also in 1969, Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, a supporter of Nasser, took power in Sudan.
Question: What years did Ögedei Khan rule?
Sentence: The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongols.
Question: Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain popular?
Sentence: To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles.
Question: Which two of the big four banks are headquartered in Melbourne?
Sentence: The city was rated 41st within the top 50 financial cities as surveyed by the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index (2008), second only to Sydney (12th) in Australia.
Question: What was Paris known as in Latin?
Sentence: By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French.
Question: Why was Ohio allowed to use a biblical passage as its motto?
Sentence: In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature.
Question: What color is the logo on the 60 GB PS3?
Sentence: The 60 GB model was to be the only configuration to feature an HDMI port, Wi-Fi internet, flash card readers and a chrome trim with the logo in silver.
Question: Which Hellenistic poet was known for bucolic hexameter poetry?
Sentence: The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial.
Question: What did Mill say knowledge comes from?
Sentence: Mill's empiricism thus held that knowledge of any kind is not from direct experience but an inductive inference from direct experience.
Question: What was the primary function of the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company?
Sentence: The terms of the merger gave 60 percent ownership of the new group to the Dutch arm and 40 percent to the British.
Question: In the Xeer system, what are judges called?
Sentence: The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework.
Question: What classification guide did Theophrastus create?
Sentence: He also recognises that other minerals have characteristic crystal shapes, but in one example, confuses the crystal habit with the work of lapidaries.
Question: How does the ECB mimic a corporation?
Sentence: Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral.
Question: In what year was Von Neumann offered a lifetime professorship?
Sentence: He remained a mathematics professor there until his death, although he announced that shortly before his intention to resign and become a professor at large at the University of California.
Question: What does umm walad mean?
Sentence: The child was given rights of inheritance to the father's property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father.
Question: What was the nationality of the first European to observe the Marshall Islands?
Sentence: Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition.
Question: How many United States presidents are interred in Hollywood Cemetery?
Sentence: Hollywood Cemetery is the burial grounds of two U.S. Presidents as well as many Civil War officers and soldiers.
Question: What must be decompressed?
Sentence: Because compressed data must be decompressed to use, this extra processing imposes computational or other costs through decompression; this situation is far from being a free lunch.
Question: Where did many of the San Diego Zoo's exotic animals come from?
Sentence: The menagerie of exotic animals featured at the 1915 exposition provided the basis for the San Diego Zoo.
Question: How many licenses did Microsoft sell in the first six months?
Sentence: Despite the reaction of industry experts, Microsoft reported that they had sold 100 million licenses in the first six months.
Question: What was the title of Jean-Baptiste Wicar's artwork inspired by the Aeneid?
Sentence: The Aeneid appears to have been a great success.
Question: How are judges placed on Sweden's high courts?
Sentence: Exceptions are issues where the Supreme Court is the court of first instance.
Question: Who says genetic tests can't tell the difference between different Native American nations?
Sentence: In addition, not all Native Americans have been tested, so scientists do not know for sure that Native Americans have only the genetic markers they have identified.
Question: Where were the piratical kingdoms from?
Sentence: It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast, de facto independent since the 18th century.
Question: In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?
Sentence: Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed]
Question: The Grand Orient de France is considered what type of Freemasonry?
Sentence: At the other end of the spectrum, "Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry, exemplified by the Grand Orient de France, does not require a declaration of belief in any deity, and accepts atheists (a cause of discord with the rest of Freemasonry).
Question: Which states belong to the British-Irish Council?
Sentence: Since then the role and scope of the body has been expanded to include representatives from the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the States of Jersey, the States of Guernsey and the High Court of Tynwald (Isle of Man).
Question: Where did she perform wearing Baker's hula skirt?
Sentence: Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas.
Question: What became the dominant system of Islamic logic?
Sentence: Avicenna endorsed the law of noncontradiction proposed by Aristotle, that a fact could not be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense of the terminology used.
Question: What war did Eisenhower want to end as president?
Sentence: Eisenhower also conducted the first pre-inaugural cabinet meeting in history in late 1952; he used this meeting to articulate his anti-communist Russia policy.
Question: What does the winner of the Sprint Unlimited get?
Sentence: Both events carry a hefty purse of over USD $1,000,000.
Question: Is original Cubist architecture rare?
Sentence: After the war, the architectural style called Rondo-Cubism was developed in Prague fusing the Cubist architecture with round shapes.
Question: What is the system that preserves the documents of US Presidents?
Sentence: The Presidential Libraries include:
Question: What had been linked to Zhong Yao?
Sentence: However, some scholars postulate that one person alone could not have developed a new script which was universally adopted, but could only have been a contributor to its gradual formation.
Question: What state's law says that death sentences must take place in an "enclosure"?
Sentence: 54–100 requires death sentences to be conducted in an "enclosure" which "shall be so constructed as to exclude public view.
Question: What was the Executive Order 9808 issued in response to?
Sentence: Following the Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident, President Harry S. Truman, himself a combat veteran of World War I, issued Executive Order 9808 establishing the President's Committee on Civil Rights to examine the violence and recommend appropriate federal legislation.
Question: Was his classification scheme meant for males or females?
Sentence: The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings.
Question: What notable project was funded by Richmond's "admissions tax"?
Sentence: This has led to tensions, as the city Richmond City levied an "admissions tax" to fund large arts projects like CentreStage, leading to criticism that it is funding civic initiatives on the backs of the organic local culture.
Question: What is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate?
Sentence: Proficiency in core subjects such as mathematics, the Hebrew language, Hebrew and general literature, the English language, history, Biblical scripture and civics is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate.
Question: What does "A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot" mean in English?
Sentence: The Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot ("אַ שפּראַך איז אַ דיאַלעקט מיט אַן אַרמײ און פֿלאָט"‎:
Question: What two systems did Voyska PVO have?
Sentence: In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems.
Question: Which Eton society is centered around horses?
Sentence: Societies tend to come and go, of course, depending on the special enthusiasms of the masters and boys in the school at the time, but some have been in existence many years.
Question: Who wrote the book The Story of Tibet?
Sentence: Of later Mongol and Tibetan accounts interpreting the Mongol conquest of Tibet, Laird asserts that "they, like all non-Chinese historical narratives, never portray the Mongol subjugation of Tibet as a Chinese one."
Question: What was the purpose of the thermionic triode?
Sentence: The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony.
Question: Where is the Temple Israel Community Center located?
Sentence: According to Rabbi Shammai Engelmayer, spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center in Cliffside Park and former executive editor of Jewish Week, this leaves "Orthodox" as "an umbrella term that designates a very widely disparate group of people very loosely tied together by some core beliefs."
Question: In what year did Ben Franklin write a satire suggesting firing cannons at sunrise to wake people up?
Sentence: During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight.
Question: What was one of the criticisms Bowers faced after editing Maggie?
Sentence: There were, however, intermediate cases that could reasonably have been attributed to either intention, and some of Bowers's choices came under fire – both as to his judgment, and as to the wisdom of conflating readings from the two different versions of Maggie.
Question: The imperial system Napoleon created was based on what model?
Sentence: To expand his power, Napoleon used these assassination plots to justify the creation of an imperial system based on the Roman model.
Question: Which bacteria is more difficult to eradicate?
Sentence: These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea.
Question: What dialects comprise the southern group?
Sentence: These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether.
Question: What was Japan's publicised war goal?
Sentence: This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
Question: In what town is Southampton Airport located?
Sentence: Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city.
Question: What sort of philosopher was Richard Rorty?
Sentence: This argument does not take into account the issues pertaining to hermeneutics, especially at the backdrop of analytic philosophy.
Question: What was the primary debate at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting of 1860?
Sentence: Their disagreement over human origins came to the fore at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting featuring the legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate.
Question: What building does the Detroit Symphony Orchestra play in?
Sentence: The Nederlander Organization, the largest controller of Broadway productions in New York City, originated with the purchase of the Detroit Opera House in 1922 by the Nederlander family.
Question: When did Canada get its first police?
Sentence: In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada.
Question: Who rejected the proposal due to poor word phrasing?
Sentence: The note met with the approval of Nicholas I; however, Abdülmecid I rejected the proposal, feeling that the document's poor phrasing left it open to many different interpretations.