xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?
Sentence: The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece.
Question: How much of yearly acquired asphalt is reclaimed?
Sentence: According to industry surveys conducted annually by the Federal Highway Administration and the National Asphalt Pavement Association, more than 99% of the asphalt removed each year from road surfaces during widening and resurfacing projects is reused as part of new pavements, roadbeds, shoulders and embankments.
Question: What does gastric juice consist of?
Sentence: In the small intestine, the larger part of digestion takes place and this is helped by the secretions of bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice.
Question: The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since what year?
Sentence: The $1.00/W installed cost, is often regarded in the PV industry as marking the achievement of grid parity for PV.
Question: What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called?
Sentence: Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews).
Question: Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser?
Sentence: In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh.
Question: What is an organism that grazes upon other animals?
Sentence: Animals may also be 'grazed' upon; female mosquitos land on hosts briefly to gain sufficient proteins for the development of their offspring.
Question: When did Nigeria receive independence?
Sentence: For instance, northern Nigeria did not outlaw slavery until 1936 whilst in other parts of Nigeria slavery was abolished soon after colonialism.
Question: Where could CBC's channels need to be relocated in order to continue operating?
Sentence: The requirement remains for all of CBC's full-power transmitters occupying channels 52 to 69 to either relocate to channels 2 to 51 or become low-power transmitters.
Question: Who funds The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?
Sentence: The journal is funded by the Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost.
Question: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark?
Sentence: In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year.
Question: How much did the population of the Americas decrease after first contact with the Europeans?
Sentence: The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents.
Question: How many phases were there to the Armenian Genocide?
Sentence: The genocide was implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert.
Question: What do scholars say the preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk] are too?
Sentence: In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:
Question: When was the Armenian Genocide Memorial constructed?
Sentence: In 1967, a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan.
Question: A fifth terminal was opened in 2008 for which UK airline?
Sentence: In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened.
Question: When was the House of General Studies formed?
Sentence: In 1836, the House of General Studies was formed, housing the departments of Latin, philosophy, mathematics, theology and jurisprudence.
Question: What was the name of the NES clone produced in Taiwan?
Sentence: A Famicom clone was marketed in Argentina under the name of "Family Game", resembling the original hardware design.
Question: In this type of federation each country had its own what?
Sentence: The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America.
Question: Jewish law includes which principle used to justify copyright?
Sentence: Jewish law includes several considerations whose effects are similar to those of modern intellectual property laws, though the notion of intellectual creations as property does not seem to exist – notably the principle of Hasagat Ge'vul (unfair encroachment) was used to justify limited-term publisher (but not author) copyright in the 16th century.
Question: How many research labs does IBM have world wide?
Sentence: IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research.
Question: What is an important goal in in this final stage?
Sentence: The final stage of database design is to make the decisions that affect performance, scalability, recovery, security, and the like.
Question: What were three midwestern hard rock bands?
Sentence: Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled against the drum solos and extended guitar solos that characterised stadium rock, with almost all of their songs clocking in around two minutes with no guitar solos.
Question: What was the name of the anti-Semitic article that The Time's Chief Editor published in 1914?
Sentence: On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger.
Question: What did CBC air during the NHL lockout?
Sentence: One of the most popular shows on CBC Television is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of NHL hockey games, Hockey Night in Canada.
Question: What language do some of the same states specify the oath of office include?
Sentence: The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments.
Question: What positions were contained within the House of Lords?
Sentence: The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 provide a second potential preamble if the House of Lords were to be excluded from the process.
Question: In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought?
Sentence: Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades.
Question: During what years did the wars between the Army and the Seminoles take place?
Sentence: It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma.
Question: What is it called when a person's vocal cords stay open after a consonant?
Sentence: An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice-onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close.
Question: Are cell walls of bacteria similar to cell walls of plants and fungi?
Sentence: The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan.
Question: How deep is Suez canal?
Sentence: The canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010.
Question: In what month and year did Plymouth play host to the America's Cup World Series?
Sentence: In September 2011, Plymouth hosted the America's Cup World Series for nine days.
Question: When a comic panel has events that are not at the same time the panel is considered to be what?
Sentence: The contents of a panel may be asynchronous, with events depicted in the same image not necessarily occurring at the same time.
Question: What is the name of second best basketball club in Estonia?
Sentence: Basketball is also a notable sport in Estonia.
Question: What is the population of Paris' metropolitan area?
Sentence: Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-fifth of the population of France.
Question: Where did post-punk ram its appropriation of ideas into?
Sentence: The era saw the robust appropriation of ideas from literature, art, cinema, philosophy, politics and critical theory into musical and pop cultural contexts.
Question: What magazine did Beyoncé write a story for about her earlier hiatus?
Sentence: Eat, Play, Love", a cover story written by Beyoncé for Essence that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists.
Question: How many people at the last census were under 18?
Sentence: According to the 2010 Census, 343,837 (22.5%) were under the age of 18; 203,697 (13.3%) from 18 to 25; 434,385 (28.5%) from 25 to 44; 358,778 (23.5%) from 45 to 64; and 185,309 (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older.
Question: Does a 6 month old have short term memory?
Sentence: It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 and then step 2.
Question: What is the Olympic Torch made from?
Sentence: It is made from aluminum.
Question: Which two members of Queen performed together at several charity concerts?
Sentence: Brian May and Roger Taylor performed together at several award ceremonies and charity concerts, sharing vocals with various guest singers.
Question: What does he call the merging of economic, political and technological forces that drove the music industry?
Sentence: Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation.
Question: At what university was Hans Winkler employed when he created the word genome?
Sentence: The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome.
Question: Who can collect taxes in Oklahoma?
Sentence: The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff.
Question: What do algal bacteria if nutrients are available?
Sentence: However, in natural environments, nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely.
Question: What group were considered to be at the top of the Strict Class Hierarchy?
Sentence: Society in the Japanese "Tokugawa period" (Edo society), unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Question: What is the western edge of Tucson's downtown?
Sentence: Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south, I-10 to the west, and 6th Street to the north, and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific) railroad tracks, site of the historic train depot and "Locomotive #1673", built in 1900.
Question: What fungus protects pine trees from copper toxicity?
Sentence: The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity.
Question: What do hermit crabs eat?
Sentence: The marine life found here consists of anemones, urchins, sea cucumbers, and eels, which all live on the reefs along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes.
Question: What do a variety of industries benefit from?
Sentence: In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist.
Question: The roots of what were established on Saint Helena?
Sentence: This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the roots of environmentalism.
Question: What foundation did Beyoncé start after Hurricane Katrina?
Sentence: After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000.
Question: What helps reduce resource usage?
Sentence: Data compression is subject to a space–time complexity trade-off.
Question: How many of Ibn Sina's shorter works were said to have been created in Rey?
Sentence: About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey.
Question: How are some essential genes regulated?
Sentence: Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression.
Question: What phrase have some Latter-day Saints used in reference to BYU's mission as ambassador to the world for the LDS Church?
Sentence: BYU has been considered by some Latter-day Saints, as well as some university and church leaders, to be "The Lord's university".
Question: Two Boston department stores merged to form what Cincinnati based department store?
Sentence: Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's.
Question: What former King was not invited to the wedding?
Sentence: The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.
Question: The polish anem and cry ritualized what?
Sentence: The documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure is the earliest surviving of the use of the clan name and cry defining the honorable status of Polish knights.
Question: How was support for members of the public given?
Sentence: Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena.
Question: How many professional football clubs call London their home?
Sentence: Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.
Question: Although two men developed the Auto-Sembly process, to whom was the patent officially granted?
Sentence: The patent they obtained in 1956 was assigned to the U.S. Army.
Question: When was Madonna born?
Sentence: Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.
Question: What doctor did Donda West ignore the recommendation of to invest her heart condition?
Sentence: She never met with the doctor recommended by Aboolian and had the procedures performed by a third doctor, Jan Adams.
Question: While working, does DBMS store information in one place?
Sentence: A DBMS, while in operation, always has its database residing in several types of storage (e.g., memory and external storage).
Question: What is Rio Nuevo?
Sentence: Downtown is divided into the Presidio District, the Barrio Viejo, and the Congress Street Arts and Entertainment District.
Question: What was the primary use of Japanese submarines?
Sentence: While Japan had a large number of submarines, they did not make a significant impact on the war.
Question: About what was the population of Boston in 2010?
Sentence: In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000.
Question: What does Hegel mean by "object"?
Sentence: For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the "subject" (any human observer)) to be able to know any observed "object" (any external entity, possibly even another human) at all.
Question: When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?
Sentence: At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.
Question: How many stores was Sears operating in 1940?
Sentence: Sears was a pioneer in creating department stores that catered to men as well as women, especially with lines of hardware and building materials.
Question: What does Spain's government accounts for?
Sentence: The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system.
Question: What are governments called that are created with the rule of law in mind?
Sentence: Government based upon the rule of law is called nomocracy.
Question: Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?
Sentence: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg.
Question: What is the most popular head dress worn?
Sentence: The beret is probably the most widely worn headgear and is worn with almost all orders of dress (with the exception of the more formal orders of Navy and Air Force dress), and the colour of which is determined by the wearer's environment, branch, or mission.
Question: Where was the Australian and Dutch guerilla campaign led?
Sentence: The council never had any direct operational control, and any decisions it made were referred to the U.S.-UK Combined Chiefs of Staff, which was also in Washington.
Question: What is designing as it applies to built environments?
Sentence: More critical or optimized designs now routinely use mathematical modeling on a computer using software such as Radiance which can allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design.
Question: When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first?
Sentence: Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
Question: Which World Fair was hosted in San Diego in 1935?
Sentence: In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935.
Question: What did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce?
Sentence: The United States under President Ronald Reagan increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressure on the Soviet Union, which was already suffering from severe economic stagnation.
Question: In his farewell speech, what complex did Eisenhower warn the American people of?
Sentence: He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose and insidious in method ..." and warned about what he saw as unjustified government spending proposals and continued with a warning that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex."
Question: Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year?
Sentence: After about two weeks of effective treatment, subjects with nonresistant active infections generally do not remain contagious to others.
Question: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?
Sentence: Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.
Question: What was the first empire to unify India?
Sentence: At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam.
Question: What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended?
Sentence: Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors.
Question: When did the "P" sound of Pretannia change to the "B" sound of Britannia?
Sentence: In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus has Prettanikē nēsos, "the British Island", and Prettanoi, "the Britons".
Question: When did American Idol begin?
Sentence: Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States.
Question: What are MES-1, MES-2, AND MES-3A AND MES-3B part of?
Sentence: Note that MES-2 includes every character in MES-1 and WGL-4.
Question: What year did free media outlets begin to expand?
Sentence: In 2003, as new free electronic media outlets started to proliferate, advertisers increasingly began switching over from print ads to radio and online commercials in order to reach more customers.
Question: Who were sometimes permitted to use the Archive's database?
Sentence: When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley.
Question: In 2008-2009, how was BYU ranked nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs?
Sentence: Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school.
Question: What geographical portion of Connecticut is linked to New York via highway?
Sentence: Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who commute into Manhattan, it is quite common for motorists to be stranded for hours in traffic jams that are a daily occurrence, particularly during rush hour.
Question: Wood extractives include resin and fatty acids, terpenes, and what other component?
Sentence: Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives.
Question: Was the landing successful?
Sentence: Covered by naval bombardment, the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg, and destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.
Question: What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing?
Sentence: Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitrariness with which it is administered and the systemic influence of racial, socio-economic, geographic, and gender bias on determinations of desert make the current practice of capital punishment immoral and illegitimate.
Question: Where did most Chinese men enter the US?
Sentence: In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, and Chinese workers who chose to stay in the U.S. were unable to have their wives join them.
Question: When was the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field found?
Sentence: The Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap at a depth of 2–4 km.
Question: Unlike synthetic languages, what do Hokkien sentences not indicate?
Sentence: Unlike synthetic languages, seldom do words indicate time, gender and plural by inflection.
Question: How many code positions were left unassigned for furture standardization?
Sentence: There was some debate at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than the lowercase alphabet.:435 The indecision did not last long: during May 1963 the CCITT Working Party on the New Telegraph Alphabet proposed to assign lowercase characters to columns 6 and 7, and International Organization for Standardization TC 97 SC 2 voted during October to incorporate the change into its draft standard.
Question: Who did The Sun declare political endorsement of in 1997?
Sentence: Blair, who had radically altered his party's image and policies, noting the influence the paper could have over its readers' political thinking, had courted it (and Murdoch) for some time by granting exclusive interviews and writing columns.
Question: What island did Great Britain lose in 1756?
Sentence: The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762 as well as the Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba, and Manila in the Philippines, both prominent Spanish colonial cities.