xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: How does gut flora prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria?
Sentence: For example, the presence of over 1,000 bacterial species in the normal human gut flora of the intestines can contribute to gut immunity, synthesise vitamins, such as folic acid, vitamin K and biotin, convert sugars to lactic acid (see Lactobacillus), as well as fermenting complex undigestible carbohydrates.
Question: What were people protesting in Kiev during the last part of February?
Sentence: In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnation.
Question: What was affected by the increasing use at Marvel of crossover stories between comic characters?
Sentence: The 1990s saw the rise of variant covers, cover enhancements, swimsuit issues, and company-wide crossovers that affected the overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe
Question: What specie are table grapes and wine grapes?
Sentence: While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant differences, brought about through selective breeding.
Question: What animal byproduct was imported to Plymouth in the 19th century?
Sentence: Aside from the dockyard in the town of Devonport, industries in Plymouth such as the gasworks, the railways and tramways and a number of small chemical works had begun to develop in the 19th century, continuing into the 20th century.
Question: Where did Miller attend school?
Sentence: Apart from the fact that he attended Oxford and played Rugby not many biographical details have been promulgated.
Question: Who was the architect of the Gregorian calendar?
Sentence: All values are the same to two places (14:33) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year.
Question: What is the most rain in one day?
Sentence: The most rain recorded in one day occurred on July 28, 2013, when 8.02 in (204 mm) fell at Philadelphia International Airport.
Question: What do most matches have?
Sentence: While true exhibition matches are not uncommon, most matches tell a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama: The face will sometimes win (triumph) or sometimes lose (tragedy).
Question: What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations?
Sentence: Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism.
Question: In what location was Mahatma Gandhi cremated?
Sentence: Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River.
Question: Zeus was paired with which local god?
Sentence: Greek emigres brought their Greek religion everywhere they went, even as far as India and Afghanistan. Non-Greeks also had more freedom to travel and trade throughout the Mediterranean and in this period we can see Egyptian gods such as Serapis, and the Syrian gods Atargatis and Hadad, as well as a Jewish synagogue, all coexisting on the island of Delos alongside classical Greek deities.
Question: Is street art legal
Sentence: Although street art is illegal in Utrecht, the Utrechtse Kabouter, a picture of a gnome with a red hat, became a common sight in 2004.
Question: The single Ray of Light debut at which number of the Billboard Hot 100?
Sentence: The second single, "Ray of Light", debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100.
Question: Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available?
Sentence: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation.
Question: What was Greece's former currency?
Sentence: Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013.
Question: Which city became a major center of book production?
Sentence: Antioch was founded as a metropolis and center of Greek learning which retained its status into the era of Christianity.
Question: What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for?
Sentence: In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space.
Question: Who coined the term "battery"?
Sentence: Benjamin Franklin investigated the Leyden jar and came to the conclusion that the charge was stored on the glass, not in the water as others had assumed.
Question: Who was demonstrating?
Sentence: The writer Mukhtar Shakhanov claimed that a KGB officer testified that 168 protesters were killed, but that figure remains unconfirmed.
Question: Where was the torch relay supposed to take place?
Sentence: The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period.
Question: When did the Montevideo Cabildo become a National Heritage Site?
Sentence: In 1958, the Municipal Historic Museum and Archive was inaugurated here.
Question: When were the Plymouth Raiders inaugurated?
Sentence: They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983.
Question: In addition to the police who did the BDF often have conflicts with?
Sentence: Initially the Front had significant visibility because its numerous public actions almost always ended in clashes with the police and the KGB.
Question: What is one role that the friars served as to the nuns?
Sentence: The sisters had no government of their own, but lived under the authority of the general and provincial chapters of the order.
Question: Where was the RSA Security Conference held?
Sentence: R. Clarke said during a panel discussion at the RSA Security Conference in San Francisco, he believes that the "industry only responds when you threaten regulation.
Question: When did Alfonso XXII reach Valencia?
Sentence: It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy, as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie, but the Madrid government sent General Martinez-Campos to stifle the rebellion by force of arms and subjected Valencia to an intense bombardment.
Question: What's the main focus of a Technische Universität?
Sentence: These institutions can grant habilitation and doctoral degrees and focus on research.
Question: What happens when a plant remains totipotent?
Sentence: While plants use many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, an alternative hypothesis is that plants set their gene expression patterns using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their developmental fate.
Question: Which two areas were connected by the Port Authority Passenger Terminal?
Sentence: The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States.
Question: The future of aircraft in war situations was important because of the growth in what two areas?
Sentence: World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity.
Question: What is the German basic law?
Sentence: The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent.
Question: Where does it start in Canada?
Sentence: The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet (2,037 m), which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River.
Question: How many seasons out of the last 114 has Everton been in England's top tier?
Sentence: Everton hold the record for the most seasons in England's top tier (Division One/Premier League), at 111 seasons out of 114 as of 2014–15 (the club played in Division 2 in 1930–31 and from 1951–54).
Question: When did the war in Europe end?
Sentence: Many prematurely considered that victory in Europe would come by summer's end—however the Germans did not capitulate for almost a year.
Question: Is bleed easy or difficult to control?
Sentence: In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, door frames and furniture, resins present in the timber may continue to 'bleed' through to the surface of a knot for months or even years after manufacture and show as a yellow or brownish stain.
Question: Why did tigers became extinct in Sariska?
Sentence: Ranthambore National Park is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best place in India to spot tigers.
Question: What is the main controversy found in song lyrics?
Sentence: The calabash is the primary musical instrument of Guinea-Bissau, and is used in extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music.
Question: Who are the Siddi?
Sentence: The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants.
Question: What item could be learned to gain salvation?
Sentence: The most contentious idea at the time though was the notion that anyone could simply pick up the Bible and learn enough to gain salvation.
Question: What could a criminal in this era expect not to happen if he was convicted of a crime?
Sentence: While suspects were jailed, convicted criminals were never imprisoned.
Question: 2013's The Last Stand marked Schwarzenegger's first starring role in how long?
Sentence: He appeared in The Expendables 2 (2012), and starred in The Last Stand (2013), his first leading role in 10 years, and Escape Plan (2013), his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone.
Question: What is the short term goal of open market operations?
Sentence: Usually, the short-term goal of open market operations is to achieve a specific short-term interest rate target.
Question: What "chicken or the egg" stalemate prompted Euro1080 to broadcast HDTV channels?
Sentence: The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.
Question: Did the King's confidence in de Melo increase or decrease?
Sentence: Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal.
Question: When did Britain withdraw from Aden?
Sentence: The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976.
Question: What is the resistor equal to?
Sentence: They are typically wire antennas multiple wavelengths long, through which the voltage and current waves travel in one direction, instead of bouncing back and forth to form standing waves as in resonant antennas.
Question: The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates what?
Sentence: The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates "wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings."[web 6][web 7]
Question: What else does clinical immunology concern itself with?
Sentence: Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system).
Question: How many national airlines are there in Mexico?
Sentence: In the Mexico City airport, the government engaged in an extensive restructuring program that includes the addition of a new second terminal, which began operations in 2007, and the enlargement of four other airports (at the nearby cities of Toluca, Querétaro, Puebla and Cuernavaca) that, along with Mexico City's airport, comprise the Grupo Aeroportuario del Valle de México, distributing traffic to different regions in Mexico.
Question: What happened after Krishna was accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter?
Sentence: Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
Question: When did the wars against Spanish rule occur?
Sentence: The Spanish American wars of independence were the numerous wars against Spanish rule in Spanish America that took place during the early 19th century, from 1808 until 1829, directly related to the Napoleonic French invasion of Spain.
Question: What year did the Treaty of Paris fall?
Sentence: As the United Kingdom alone could not enforce the clauses, Russia once again established a fleet in the Black Sea.
Question: When did Andragoras' reign end?
Sentence: He ruled until 238 BCE when Arsaces, the leader of the Parni tribe conquered Parthia, killing Andragoras and inaugurating the Arsacid Dynasty.
Question: What is the former name for Indonesia?
Sentence: Hokkien is reportedly the native language of up to 98.5% of the Chinese Filipino in the Philippines, among which is known locally as Lan-nang or Lán-lâng-oē ("Our people’s language").
Question: What league do the Carolina Hurricanes belong to?
Sentence: The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.
Question: What was the Thunder's previous name?
Sentence: In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, a franchise owned by the Professional Basketball Club LLC, a group of Oklahoma City businessmen led by Clayton Bennett, relocated to Oklahoma City and announced that play would begin at the Ford Center as the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season, becoming the state's first permanent major league franchise.
Question: In what month and year was the grand opening of Drake Circus Shopping Centre?
Sentence: In contrast, the Theatre Royal's production and education centre, TR2, which was built on wasteland at Cattedown, was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003.
Question: Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ?
Sentence: Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth; nonetheless, the population of Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828.
Question: What war occurred from 1877 to 1878?
Sentence: The Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) ended with a decisive victory for Russia.
Question: Who were the main leaders of the ruling party?
Sentence: The main party leaders, David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband, were all depicted holding a copy of the special issue in publicity material.
Question: Where was Gondwana located by the end of the Devonian period?
Sentence: By the start of the Devonian period (416 Ma), Gondwana was in more southern latitudes and the climate was cooler, though fossils of land plants are known from this time.
Question: During what dynasty was Nanjing the biggest business center in all of East Asia?
Sentence: Textiles boomed particularly in Qing dynasty, the industry created around 200 thousand jobs and there were about 50 thousand satin machines in the city in 18th and 19th century.
Question: What was the Close Encounters revisit called?
Sentence: For this, Spielberg fixed some of the flaws he thought impeded the original 1977 version of the film and also, at the behest of Columbia, and as a condition of Spielberg revising the film, shot additional footage showing the audience the interior of the mothership seen at the end of the film (a decision Spielberg would later regret as he felt the interior of the mothership should have remained a mystery).
Question: What are the major branches of Protestantism?
Sentence: Due to the earlier stated multitude of denominations, this section discusses only the largest denominational families, or branches, widely considered to be a part of Protestantism.
Question: Who made the observation that the Japanese sailor's diet was the cause for them developing beriberi?
Sentence: In the early 1880s, Kanehiro Takaki observed that Japanese sailors (whose diets consisted almost entirely of white rice) developed beriberi (or endemic neuritis, a disease causing heart problems and paralysis), but British sailors and Japanese naval officers did not.
Question: What is another nature of Dukkha?
Sentence: Dukkha is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc., and it is said to have the following three aspects:
Question: What are the two official languages of Israel?
Sentence: Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken everyday by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Hebrew is taught in Arab schools.
Question: When is the special "pocket rocket" badge given to USAF personnel working in a missile system operation?
Sentence: In addition to basic uniform clothing, various badges are used by the USAF to indicate a billet assignment or qualification-level for a given assignment.
Question: In turn, Chinese supporters have accused Western media of being what in their coverage?
Sentence: Western reporters in Beijing have described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored (for example when Chinese media did not broadcast Reporters Without Borders' disruption of the torch lighting ceremony), whereas Chinese netizens have in turn accused Western media coverage of being biased.
Question: What year did walkscore rank Boston the third most walkable city in the US?
Sentence: In 2011, Walk Score ranked Boston the third most walkable city in the United States.
Question: What phenomenon sees classical musicians achieving success in popular music?
Sentence: In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads.
Question: Even if signed  and ratified on the same date, the treaty might have done what on different dates?
Sentence: When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party.
Question: Could a club appeal a requirement?
Sentence: If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.
Question: What are Guinea fowl  also praised for accomplishing for humans?
Sentence: Their flesh and eggs can be eaten in the same way as chickens, young birds being ready for the table at the age of about four months.
Question: What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany?
Sentence: Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right.
Question: What kinds of unwanted sounds are often heard at high frequencies?
Sentence: At high frequencies, hiss, pops, and ticks are significant.
Question: What news source published revenue estimations between Dell and EMC?
Sentence: The Wall Street Journal estimated that in 2014 Dell had revenue of $27.3 billion from personal computers and $8.9bn from servers, while EMC had $16.5bn from EMC II, $1bn from RSA Security, $6bn from VMware, and $230 million from Pivotal Software.
Question: What country did Spain invade?
Sentence: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762.
Question: Who began minting the coins known as Joachimstalers?
Sentence: In the 16th century, Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia began minting coins known as Joachimstalers (from German thal, or nowadays usually Tal, "valley", cognate with "dale" in English), named for Joachimstal, the valley where the silver was mined (St. Joachim's Valley, now Jáchymov; then part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic).
Question: How can asymmetry of causation be observed?
Sentence: However, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid.
Question: When do the terms "Near East" and "Far East" appear together in journals?
Sentence: They appear together in the journals of the mid-19th century.
Question: What teachings originated with Arnold of Brescia?
Sentence: In the late 1130s, Arnold of Brescia, an Italian canon regular became one of the first theologians to attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church.
Question: What character did Stephanie Sigma portray?
Sentence: In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria.
Question: Where did John recruit mercenary forces from?
Sentence: In the meantime, John began to recruit fresh mercenary forces from Poitou, although some were later sent back to avoid giving the impression that the king was escalating the conflict.
Question: Are comb filters exact, or is some data smudged?
Sentence: While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated.
Question: Which U.S. state borders to the northeast?
Sentence: The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico.
Question: Where was a lot of the post-punk pop bands played in addition to MTV?
Sentence: In the United States, driven by MTV and modern rock radio stations, a number of post-punk acts had an influence on or became part of the Second British Invasion of "New Music" there.
Question: Which ship was the target of Argentinian aggression?
Sentence: "There are traitors in our midst", wrote leader writer Ronald Spark on 7 May, accusing commentators on Daily Mirror and The Guardian, plus the BBC's defence correspondent Peter Snow, of "treason" for aspects of their coverage.
Question: What is the internal body cavity of animals in the Bilateria group called?
Sentence: The digestive chamber has two openings, a mouth and an anus, and there is also an internal body cavity called a coelom or pseudocoelom.
Question: What language is modern standard Italian derived from?
Sentence: Dante's Florentine-Tuscan literary Italian thus became the language of the literate and upper class in Italy, and it spread throughout the peninsula as the lingua franca among the Italian educated class as well as Italian traveling merchants.
Question: When did the first Gulf War begin?
Sentence: U.S. forces continued in combat zone deployments through November 1995 and launched Operation Desert Fox against Iraq in 1998 after it failed to meet U.S. demands of "unconditional cooperation" in weapons inspections.
Question: Who has been the leader of the NDP since 2006?
Sentence: The city is represented by ten MHAs, four who are members of the governing Progressive Conservative Party, three that belong to the New Democratic Party (NDP), and three that belong to the Liberal Party.
Question: Who built the "ascending room", in 1823?
Sentence: It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown.
Question: When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified?
Sentence: Pursuant to TRIPs, any sign which is "capable of distinguishing" the products or services of one business from the products or services of another business is capable of constituting a trademark.
Question: When was the Siene department created?
Sentence: The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity.