xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: How is the presence of sugar shown by using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution?
Sentence: For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars.
Question: Who discovered the process of refining kerosene from coal?
Sentence: Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") seeps in 1852 and the first rock oil mine was built in Bóbrka, near Krosno in Galicia in the following year.
Question: How much snow does Raleigh get?
Sentence: Winter storms have caused traffic problems in the past as well.
Question: What is the commonly held notion regarding the dual nature of the soul called?
Sentence: Families throughout Han China made ritual sacrifices of animals and food to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples and shrines, in the belief that these items could be utilized by those in the spiritual realm.
Question: When was the phrase Iranian language family first used?
Sentence: The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen.
Question: During which years did the conscious begin to look for a new style in Germany, Italy, Russia, and Holland?
Sentence: This familiar explanation "fails to give adequate consideration to the complexities of a flourishing art that existed just before and during the period when Picasso's new painting developed.
Question: How much did Britain spend to buy Egypt's share of the Suez Canal?
Sentence: Although this did not grant outright control of the strategic waterway, it did give Britain leverage.
Question: Who was sent to stop Valencia's uprising?
Sentence: It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy, as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie, but the Madrid government sent General Martinez-Campos to stifle the rebellion by force of arms and subjected Valencia to an intense bombardment.
Question: What did the treaty establish?
Sentence: In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and the Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations.
Question: What kind of winter weather does Houston have?
Sentence: Recent snow events in Houston include a storm on December 24, 2004 when one inch (2.5 cm) of snow accumulated in parts of the metro area.
Question: What century does football in England date back to?
Sentence: The history of football in England dates back to at least the eighth century AD.
Question: What family do potatoes, tomatoes and peppers belong to?
Sentence: Also of high importance are the Solanaceae, or nightshade family (potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, among others), the Cucurbitaceae, or gourd family (also including pumpkins and melons), the Brassicaceae, or mustard plant family (including rapeseed and the innumerable varieties of the cabbage species Brassica oleracea), and the Apiaceae, or parsley family.
Question: What does 'nuchal' mean?
Sentence: Some polychaetes also have various combinations of ocelli ("little eyes") that detect the direction from which light is coming and camera eyes or compound eyes that can probably form images.
Question: What happens to these new plants if they are able to reproduce?
Sentence: These plants that are reproductively isolated from the parent species but live within the same geographical area, may be sufficiently successful to form a new species.
Question: In 2010 how many movies did youtube's rental service offer?
Sentence: In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online film rentals service, which is available only to users in the US, Canada and the UK as of 2010.
Question: How long has copper been in use?
Sentence: Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years.
Question: Who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union?
Sentence: William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat.
Question: What is the code for separating lines?
Sentence: In other words, the text system can correctly treat the character as a newline, regardless of the input's actual encoding.
Question: What is the name of lyrical novel written by Oskar Luts?
Sentence: Anton Hansen Tammsaare's social epic and psychological realist pentalogy Truth and Justice captured the evolution of Estonian society from a peasant community to an independent nation.
Question: What organic reds did Rothko use in the Passion of Christ murals?
Sentence: In 1962 he donated to Harvard University a series of large murals of the Passion of Christ whose predominant colors were dark pink and deep crimson.
Question: What Russian-Austrian agreement preceded the Seven Years War that started in 1755-56?
Sentence: In 1756 Austria was making military preparations for war with Prussia and pursuing an alliance with Russia for this purpose.
Question: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium?
Sentence: Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006.
Question: The Arnmenian economy depends primarily on what?
Sentence: Recently, the Intel Corporation agreed to open a research center in Armenia, in addition to other technology companies, signalling the growth of the technology industry in Armenia.
Question: Who conducted a study about Detroit's walk-ability?
Sentence: About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city of Detroit.
Question: What types of  birds are most commonly considered poultry?
Sentence: These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae, in order Anseriformes, commonly known as "waterfowl" and including domestic ducks and domestic geese.
Question: What is the final degree in the Freemasons?
Sentence: In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.
Question: Where is Yingxiu located?
Sentence: One rescue team reported only 2,300 survivors from the town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County, out of a total population of about 9,000.
Question: The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic?
Sentence: The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above).
Question: What can Plainsong or Gregorian chant also be called?
Sentence: Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets.
Question: How did Steven Spielberg's film "The Sugarland Express" do in the box office?
Sentence: Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four TV films.
Question: From which countries does the biggest rise in Valencia's foreign population come?
Sentence: The third largest city in Spain and the 24th most populous municipality in the European Union, Valencia has a population of 809,267 within its administrative limits on a land area of 134.6 km2 (52 sq mi).
Question: How tall was Napoleon, in feet and inches?
Sentence: " At 5 ft 6 in (168 cm), he was not physically imposing but in one-on-one situations he typically had a hypnotic impact on people and seemingly bent the strongest leaders to his will.
Question: Where did Broz move in 1921?
Sentence: In 1925, Broz moved to Kraljevica where he started working at a shipyard.
Question: How does the APG system of 1998, with its 2003 and 2009 revisions, treat flowering plants?
Sentence: The APG system of 1998, and the later 2003 and 2009 revisions, treat the flowering plants as a clade called angiosperms without a formal botanical name.
Question: What did Paul Feyerabend ultimate do to Popper's philosophy of science?
Sentence: Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and there lectured and influenced both Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend, two of the foremost philosophers of science in the next generation of philosophy of science.
Question: Who does the senior leadership roles in the USAF include?
Sentence: The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.
Question: What was the name of the state that three North Carolina counties hoped to form in 1784?
Sentence: North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory.
Question: How many Oklahomans speak German?
Sentence: German is the fourth most commonly used language, with 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the total state population.
Question: In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible?
Sentence: For example, it is sometimes much darker.
Question: Has there been a recent increase or decrease in international students studying in Melbourne?
Sentence: There has also been a rapid increase in the number of International students studying in the city.
Question: Who developed the ductile form of tungsten?
Sentence: By 1910, a process was developed by William D. Coolidge at General Electric for production of a ductile form of tungsten.
Question: In what year was the Walworth School established?
Sentence: Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton.
Question: What piece of information is almost always listed on a pub sign?
Sentence: Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation.
Question: Elevations around the world that have a cold climate similar to that of the polar region have been called what?
Sentence: Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine.
Question: Rumors of Napoleon's return from what location were often used as an inspiration for his followers?
Sentence: Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes.
Question: When were Beyonce and Jay Z married?
Sentence: In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay Z traveled to Paris in order to shoot the album cover for her 4, and unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris.
Question: What was the population in London in 2014?
Sentence: The Office for National Statistics estimated its mid-2014 population to be 8,538,689, the largest of any municipality in the European Union, and accounting for 12.5 percent of the UK population.
Question: Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system?
Sentence: The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011.
Question: How were pigments like red lake created?
Sentence: Red lac was made from the gum lac, the dark red resinous substance secreted by various scale insects, particularly the Laccifer lacca from India.
Question: Nutritional standards and recommendations are produced by a joint effort between the US Department of Agriculture and which other department?
Sentence: Dietary and physical activity guidelines from the USDA are presented in the concept of MyPlate, which superseded the food pyramid, which replaced the Four Food Groups.
Question: What is one annual event Oklahoma City hosts?
Sentence: The city has held the 2005 NCAA Men's Basketball First and Second round and hosted the Big 12 Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments in 2007 and 2009.
Question: At what event was Tito recognized by Stalin?
Sentence: King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference.
Question: What poetry festival was first held in 1997?
Sentence: Seattle also hosted the 2001 national Poetry Slam Tournament.
Question: Who is the Australian Liberal Party's leader?
Sentence: The party's leader is Malcolm Turnbull and its deputy leader is Julie Bishop.
Question: When did South Africa refuse to surrender Namibia?
Sentence: During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia.
Question: What law did Congress refer to as a basic for the AUMF?
Sentence: Congress declares this is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution of 1973.
Question: The first woman to go into space was from which country?
Sentence: The USSR didn't again open its cosmonaut corps to women until 1980, two years after the United States opened its astronaut corps to women.
Question: Why did Gaddafi drop out of college?
Sentence: Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military.
Question: Drug trafficking and money laundering are considered what?
Sentence: Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities.
Question: What does Hindu temple architecture try to express?
Sentence: Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm.
Question: Using what to determine the seriousness of a breach can prevent a party from prematurely suspending its obligations due to another party's alleged material breach?
Sentence: An advantage of such an arbiter is that it prevents a party from prematurely and perhaps wrongfully suspending or terminating its own obligations due to another's alleged material breach.
Question: Who met the British army as they moved north?
Sentence: As the British Army moved north from victories in Charleston and Camden, South Carolina, the Southern Division of the Continental Army and local militia prepared to meet them.
Question: What class increased it's interest in music during the 19th century?
Sentence: The piano, which achieved its modern construction in this era (in part due to industrial advances in metallurgy) became widely popular with the middle class, whose demands for the instrument spurred a large number of piano builders.
Question: What stele is at Boni's tomb?
Sentence: The Tomb of the King of Boni, with a spirit way and a tortoise stele, was discovered in Yuhuatai District (south of the walled city) in 1958, and has been restored.
Question: What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the perjorative "51st state" label?
Sentence: It can also be used in a pejorative sense, meaning an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military influence or control.
Question: What was the official name of Libya prior to the establishment of the Jamahiriya?
Sentence: On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest.
Question: What does DRM and anti-circumvention laws do?
Sentence: Strategies include education, civil & criminal legislation, and international agreements, as well as publicizing anti-piracy litigation successes and imposing forms of digital media copy protection, such as controversial DRM technology and anti-circumvention laws, which limit the amount of control consumers have over the use of products and content they have purchased.
Question: What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island?
Sentence: Although the hospital can perform minor surgery, serious medical conditions are not permitted to be treated on the island and patients are flown back to mainland Australia.
Question: With whom did Hayek establish the Geistkreis?
Sentence: Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952).
Question: What is a solar chimney?
Sentence: A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building.
Question: What does DNT stand for?
Sentence: The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure.
Question: Where did the majority of the concepts of Mary's birth show themselves the most ?
Sentence: Although the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East.
Question: What is Paris' largest cemetary?
Sentence: With Paris' growth many of these, particularly the city's largest cemetery, les Innocents, were filled to overflowing, creating quite unsanitary conditions for the capital.
Question: Samuel changed something that was in the old meaning of the metaphor, what was it?
Sentence: The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for human development.
Question: What does Southern Russian have a linguistic continuum with?
Sentence: In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/
Question: What is implied when two witnesses have a number of errors in common?
Sentence: " That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype.
Question: What was a way musicians got sounds such short recording times?
Sentence: An obvious workaround for longer recordings was to release a set of records.
Question: Who is pictured on the stupa's base?
Sentence: The base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha.
Question: How many of the South Africans surveyed in 1996 said they speak at least a little Afrikaans?
Sentence: In total, Afrikaans is the first language in South Africa alone of about 6.8 million people and is estimated to be a second language for at least 10 million people worldwide, compared to over 23 million and 5 million respectively, for Dutch.
Question: How did Boganda die?
Sentence: After Boganda's death in a plane crash on 29 March 1959, his cousin, David Dacko, took control of MESAN and became the country's first president after the CAR had formally received independence from France.
Question: On what TV station did Red Nose Day appear?
Sentence: In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre.
Question: How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association?
Sentence: The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January.
Question: "Superstorm Sandy" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what?
Sentence: "Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed.
Question: Cappadocia began it's realtionship with Rome under whom?
Sentence: Ariarathes V also waged war with Rome against Aristonicus, a claimant to the throne of Pergamon, and their forces were annihilated in 130 BCE.
Question: What was Whitehead's philosophy able to anticipate for the 21st century?
Sentence: Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus."
Question: According the the 2012 census, how many people live on the Tuvalu islands?
Sentence: Tuvalu has a population of 10,640 (2012 census).
Question: Which country did England negotiate the Treaty of London with?
Sentence: The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of private companies, most notably the English East India Company, to administer colonies and overseas trade.
Question: How many rules dows the patimokkha have?
Sentence: The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the degree of adherence to Vinaya.
Question: What colony did Walter Raleigh found?
Sentence: Gilbert did not survive the return journey to England, and was succeeded by his half-brother, Walter Raleigh, who was granted his own patent by Elizabeth in 1584.
Question: What was considered to be dominant part of normal life?
Sentence: Music was a major part of everyday life.[citation needed]
Question: What year was the discovery of hydrogen gas?
Sentence: In 1671, Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids, which results in the production of hydrogen gas.
Question: How much military aggression did Maria Theresa exert following the war?
Sentence: Hence, she dedicated the next two decades to the consolidation of her administration.
Question: Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?
Sentence: The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions.
Question: Who originally created the measles vaccine?
Sentence: Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck)
Question: What statement addressed the relationship of Italy to Greece in the Catholic church?
Sentence: It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965, which was read out on 7 December 1965, simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul.
Question: What did the court say was invaded?
Sentence: The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held.
Question: These mandolin are used in a popular dance music called?
Sentence: This type of mandolin is also used in Bhangra, dance music popular in Punjabi culture.
Question: After which war did England gain New York in exchange for Run, an Indonesian island?
Sentence: Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670.
Question: If the lungs are infected by TB via bloodstream, what's the type of focus?
Sentence: This is known as a Simon focus and is typically found in the top of the lung.