xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: Besides assimilation of British culture, what else did the British consider Indians to be?
Sentence: Trautmann considers two separate and logically opposite sources for the growing hostility: one was "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism, a theory of the English "common-sense view" that Indians constituted a "separate, inferior and unimprovable race".
Question: Who was the last and most famous queen of the Ptolemy dynasty?
Sentence: All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy.
Question: Which leader defeated the Ming armies?
Sentence: Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou.
Question: What common terminological problem can sometimes lead to confusion surrounding a treaty?
Sentence: The terminology can also be confusing because a treaty may and usually is named something other than a treaty, such as a convention, protocol, or simply agreement.
Question: In what year did the term humanism gain yet another layer of meaning?
Sentence: The coinage gained universal acceptance in 1856, when German historian and philologist Georg Voigt used humanism to describe Renaissance humanism, the movement that flourished in the Italian Renaissance to revive classical learning, a use which won wide acceptance among historians in many nations, especially Italy.
Question: Where is the only She autonomous county in China?
Sentence: Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population, and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese.
Question: What year did Kelly Clarkson win?
Sentence: Like That There", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002.
Question: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its tenth season?
Sentence: By the time of the 2010–11 television season, Fox was in its seventh consecutive season of victory overall in the 18–49 demographic ratings in the United States.
Question: Where does the minibus travel to?
Sentence: Car hire is available for visitors.
Question: Pesticides contribute to what sort of pollution?
Sentence: Pesticides are one of the causes of water pollution, and some pesticides are persistent organic pollutants and contribute to soil contamination.
Question: When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show held?
Sentence: Atari's CEO Ray Kassar was fired the next month, so the deal went nowhere, and Nintendo decided to market its system on its own.g[›]
Question: According to Ibn Sina, at what age should children choose a direction for their education?
Sentence: He wrote that this was a transitional stage and that there needs to be flexibility regarding the age in which pupils graduate, as the student's emotional development and chosen subjects need to be taken into account.
Question: What would often lead Rome to wage war in foreign lands?
Sentence: The first is the foreign war, normally begun as a counter-offensive or defense of an ally.
Question: How much of the US's oil comes from Nigeria?
Sentence: Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports).
Question: When was the Museo Tamayo opened?
Sentence: In southern Mexico City, the Museo Carrillo Gil (Carrillo Gil Museum) showcases avant-garde artists, as does the University Museum/Contemporary Art (Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo – or MUAC), designed by famed Mexican architect Teodoro González de León, inaugurated in late 2008.
Question: What is uranium used for most often in the military?
Sentence: The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
Question: Who is the designer of the Taragaon Museum?
Sentence: It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandy Valley ) in 1970 and constructed in 1971.
Question: How were the assembly of tribes segregated into specific tribes?
Sentence: The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions.
Question: What  six were the top countries for investment in recent years?
Sentence: As a share of total investment in power plants, wind and solar PV grew from 14% in 2000 to over 60% in 2012.
Question: Who was Victoria's father?
Sentence: Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III.
Question: What event preceded the domination of Estonia by different European powers?
Sentence: The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early written literary works in the Estonian language.
Question: A war with the USSR was considered certain according to whom?
Sentence: For its part, Nazi Germany also did a public volte-face regarding its virulent opposition to the Soviet Union, though Hitler still viewed an attack on the Soviet Union as "inevitable".[citation needed]
Question: Who later bought the well-known encyclopedia from The Times in 1908?
Sentence: Due to legal fights between the Britannica's two owners, Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson, The Times severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate, Alfred Harmsworth, later Lord Northcliffe.
Question: Who was the first person to carry the torch in Macao?
Sentence: Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively.
Question: Where in Tennessee is the headquarters of International Paper?
Sentence: Tennessee is also the location of the Volkswagen factory in Chattanooga, a $2 billion polysilicon production facility by Wacker Chemie in Bradley County, and a $1.2 billion polysilicon production facility by Hemlock Semiconductor in Clarksville.
Question: Are pesticides chemical or biological agents?
Sentence: In general, a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests.
Question: How many mosaic panels from naos have survived?
Sentence: The walls of both narthexes are decorated with mosaic cycles from the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ.
Question: Which library is dedicated to a former student of the University of Kansas?
Sentence: The university is host to several museums including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and the Spencer Museum of Art.
Question: In what year did Pope John XXIII die?
Sentence: " When John XXIII died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, it triggered a conclave to elect a new pope.
Question: What type of revolution began as a result of the third point?
Sentence: The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie.
Question: How much did Apple pay to Creative Technologies to settle their 2006 suit?
Sentence: Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products.
Question: How much Scottish capital was lost in the Panama colony attempt?
Sentence: The Darien scheme was a financial disaster for Scotland—a quarter of Scottish capital was lost in the enterprise—and ended Scottish hopes of establishing its own overseas empire.
Question: What part of Valencia is undergoing improvements?
Sentence: These public works and the ongoing rehabilitation of the Old City (Ciutat Vella) have helped improve the city's livability and tourism is continually increasing.
Question: What did the federal-aid airport program aim to help develop?
Sentence: On the eve of America's entry into World War II, CAA began to extend its ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports.
Question: Who were bishops appointed by?
Sentence: Bishops were appointed by the feudal lords (kings, dukes and other landowners) and they often ruled as virtual princes over large estates.
Question: In what year did Northwestern University began teaching?
Sentence: Instruction began in 1855; women were admitted in 1869.
Question: When was Liberia was granted observer status with the world trade organization>
Sentence: Liberia gained observer status with the World Trade Organization in 2010 and is in the process of acquiring full member status.
Question: Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies?
Sentence: It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology.
Question: Who recieved the first transatlantic wireless transmission?
Sentence: Today, Signal Hill is a National Historic Site of Canada and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill.
Question: About how many cities and towns in Mexico is Carnival celebrated in?
Sentence: The larger city Carnivals employ costumes, elected queens and parades with floats, but Carnival celebrations in smaller and rural areas vary widely depending on the level of European influence during Mexico's colonial period.
Question: What is an objection to the idea of subspecies because it doesn't specify this?
Sentence: One objection to this idea is that it does not specify what degree of differentiation is required.
Question: In what year were compact discs realesed for purchase?
Sentence: The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM).
Question: What does the CPI estimate?
Sentence: The United States Consumer Price Index, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services in the United States.
Question: What types of vehicles were the Fennica and Nordica?
Sentence: Around the same time period, a reporter for Fortune magazine spoke with Edward Itta, an Inupiat Eskimo leader and the former mayor of the North Slope Borough, who expressed that he was conflicted about Shell's plans in the Arctic, as he was very concerned that an oil spill could destroy the Inupiat Eskimo's hunting-and-fishing culture, but his borough also received major tax revenue from oil and gas production; additionally, further revenue from energy activity was considered crucial to the future of the living standard in Itta's community.
Question: Where do some people eat dogs?
Sentence: Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is western hypocrisy, and that there is no difference with eating the meat of different animals.
Question: Socioeconomic factors and enduring views on race has led to what for certain racial groups?
Sentence: Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially defined and morally inferior.
Question: Whose needs were no longer relevant to the new style?
Sentence: Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes.
Question: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in raising the budget deficit to?
Sentence: Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received.
Question: What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called?
Sentence: Other mutations can be neutral if they lead to amino acid sequence changes, but the protein still functions similarly with the new amino acid (e.g. conservative mutations).
Question: In what country was Punch Taverns established?
Sentence: A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery.
Question: During who's term did the ruling exceed?
Sentence: Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded.
Question: What actor was upset when Pia Toscano was eliminated on American Idol?
Sentence: Pia Toscano, one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season, was unexpectedly eliminated on April 7, 2011, finishing in ninth place.
Question: What replaced the long-abolished Greater London Council in 2000?
Sentence: In 2000, London-wide government was restored, with the creation of the Greater London Authority.
Question: What was Blore building between 1847 and 1850?
Sentence: The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear.
Question: Where is there a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game?
Sentence: There is a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago.
Question: The term "modern" was derived from what Latin adverb?
Sentence: The European Renaissance (about 1420–1630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part by the rediscovery of classical art and literature, as well as the new perspectives gained from the Age of Discovery and the invention of the telescope and microscope, expanding the borders of thought and knowledge.
Question: Should alcohol be used to clean gramophone recordings?
Sentence: The medium needs to be kept clean, but alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media, not on 78s.[citation needed]
Question: Who was responsible for the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw?
Sentence: Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon.
Question: What river is Hyderabad next to?
Sentence: Occupying 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi) along the banks of the Musi River, it has a population of about 6.7 million and a metropolitan population of about 7.75 million, making it the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India.
Question: For 200 years, Russia been expanding across what area?
Sentence: When Russia conquered these groups and gained possession of southern Ukraine, known as New Russia during Russian imperial times, the Ottoman Empire lost its buffer zone against Russian expansion, and Russia and the Ottoman Empire fell into direct conflict.
Question: What is the difference between sexual idenity and sexual orientation?
Sentence: Scientific and professional understanding is that "the core attractions that form the basis for adult sexual orientation typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence".
Question: How many households were there in Atlantic City?
Sentence: 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
Question: How many counties are in Oklahoma?
Sentence: Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.
Question: when did any changes to counting procedures  happen?
Sentence: Native Americans were included among "Other;" in later censuses, they were included as "Free people of color" if they were not living on Indian reservations.
Question: Where is it always warm enough for food supply?
Sentence: There is evidence that this enables the migrants to obtain more of their preferred foods such as fruits.
Question: Who was the architect behind the Manuscript Society building?
Sentence: Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural.
Question: Whose label did the Buzzcocks release their Spiral Scratch EP on?
Sentence: These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.
Question: What enabled descriptions and specification of instruments?
Sentence: Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear.
Question: What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol?
Sentence: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won.
Question: Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in the United States?
Sentence: Premier League viewership has increased rapidly, with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season, up 118% from 2012–13 when coverage still aired on Fox Soccer and ESPN/ESPN2 (220,000 viewers), and NBC Sports has been widely praised for its coverage.
Question: War between Russia and the Ottomans began in what year?
Sentence: All Greeks were united, however, in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of the dialect they spoke.
Question: The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?
Sentence: Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard.
Question: During what century is it likely that the watermill made an appearance in China?
Sentence: However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century.
Question: What country is a popular site for Queen bootlegs because it is outlawed?
Sentence: In a project called Queen: The Top 100 Bootlegs, many of these have been made officially available to download for a nominal fee from Queen's website, with profits going to the Mercury Phoenix Trust.
Question: What was Rome not demanding of in religion of foreign areas of the empire?
Sentence: By the middle of the 1st century AD, Gaulish Vertault seems to have abandoned its native cultic sacrifice of horses and dogs in favour of a newly established, Romanised cult nearby: by the end of that century, Sabratha’s so-called tophet was no longer in use.
Question: Why did Morse retire?
Sentence: The couple instead rented an apartment in Lowell, so that Kerry could run to succeed him.
Question: What process of breaking down cellulose do herbivores rely on for their essential nutrients?
Sentence: " Many herbivores rely on bacterial fermentation to create digestible nutrients from indigestible plant cellulose, while obligate carnivores must eat animal meats to obtain certain vitamins or nutrients their bodies cannot otherwise synthesize.
Question: What is the region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located called?
Sentence: The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes.
Question: What were UN sanctions place placed on 2003?
Sentence: In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone.
Question: What is the term for ice that protrude's from a glacier's surface?
Sentence: Portions of an ice sheet or cap that extend into water are called ice shelves; they tend to be thin with limited slopes and reduced velocities.
Question: When was John von Neumann born?
Sentence: ; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath.
Question: Who wrote 'The Color Purple'?
Sentence: However, much to the surprise of many, Spielberg did not get a Best Director nomination.
Question: What did the 2012 study say was doubled by the use of GM cotton?
Sentence: A 2012 Chinese study concluded that Bt cotton halved the use of pesticides and doubled the level of ladybirds, lacewings and spiders.
Question: What was the opening lyric from the Duck Tales theme show?
Sentence: The instruction label on the back included the opening lyric from the show's theme song, "Life is like a hurricane".
Question: At what event did the color red become the standard color of stop lights?
Sentence: It was chosen partly because red is the brightest color in daytime (next to orange), though it is less visible at twilight, when green is the most visible color.
Question: Greek was crowned the European champions in what event?
Sentence: The Greek Super League is the highest professional football league in the country comprising eighteen teams.
Question: What is Avicenna's name needed for?
Sentence: The use of Avicenna's name symbolises the worldwide partnership that is needed for the promotion of health services of high quality."
Question: Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas?
Sentence: This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
Question: What medal did the first torchbearer have from prior games?
Sentence: The actress Maria Nafpliotou, in the role of a High Priestess, ignited the torch of the first torchbearer, a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece, who handed the flame over to the second torchbearer, Olympic champion in women's breaststroke Luo Xuejuan from China.
Question: How many percent did the college's endowment market value increase from 2014 to 2015?
Sentence: Unitised Scheme – a unit trust vehicle for College, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term; (ii) Non-Core Property – a portfolio containing around 120 operational and developmental properties which College has determined are not core to the academic mission; and (iii) Strategic Asset Investments – containing College’s shareholding in Imperial Innovations and other restricted equity holdings.
Question: What was interesting about his mother and wife?
Sentence: His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[N 5]
Question: Before insulin, what was the life expectancy of diabetics?
Sentence: Soon, the extract was demonstrated to work in people, but development of insulin therapy as a routine medical procedure was delayed by difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity.
Question: What percentage of natural uranium is isotope 238?
Sentence: The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
Question: Who stated that Hipparchus created the first systematic star map?
Sentence: Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wished to preserve astronomical record of the stars, so that other new stars could be discovered.
Question: What did Beyoncé open at the Brooklyn Phoenix House in 2010?
Sentence: On March 5, 2010, Beyoncé and her mother Tina opened the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House, offering a seven-month cosmetology training course for men and women.
Question: Whose position was it that Jesus was the Son of God?
Sentence: In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea.