xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: According to John Harrison, through the Constitution, what is law?
Sentence: Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks disagrees, writing that Cicero, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and the framers of the U.S. Constitution believed that an unjust law was not really a law at all.
Question: What year did Schwarzenegger's interview with Talk magazine take place?
Sentence: In an interview with Talk magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office.
Question: A plaster cast of what part of Alberts body was placed in the coffin with the Queen?
Sentence: In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black.
Question: When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran?
Sentence: In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war.
Question: Who particularly noted the unnatural sexual appetites of Africans?
Sentence: He saw Africans as inferior to Whites especially in regards to their intellect, and imbued with unnatural sexual appetites, but described Native Americans as equals to whites.
Question: What would a hobbiest need to transfer historic recordings to digital formats?
Sentence: Anyone can do this using a standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer.
Question: Where is Guinea-Bissau located?
Sentence: It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 1,704,000.
Question: Where do 90% of the population live in Himachal Pradesh?
Sentence: According to a 2005 Transparency International survey, Himachal Pradesh is ranked the second-least corrupt state in the country after Kerala.
Question: Where were the Uyghurs transferred from?
Sentence: The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan.
Question: What percentage of plant and animal species extinction is predicted in the 21st century?
Sentence: While Southeast Asia is rich in flora and fauna, Southeast Asia is facing severe deforestation which causes habitat loss for various endangered species such as orangutan and the Sumatran tiger.
Question: What language is used in Eritrean university education and many technical fields?
Sentence: Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields.
Question: How much glacial surface area is typically considered accumulation zone?
Sentence: In general, the accumulation zone accounts for 60–70% of the glacier's surface area, more if the glacier calves icebergs.
Question: What is the most common way of referring to a language without making the determination of whether it's a dialect or independent language?
Sentence: There are various terms that linguists may use to avoid taking a position on whether the speech of a community is an independent language in its own right or a dialect of another language.
Question: What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken?
Sentence: It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona.
Question: In what year did the northern parts of the country form the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged?
Sentence: During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, which became a part of England in the 10th century.
Question: What philosophy influenced the RCC?
Sentence: In December 1969, Libya founded the Arab Revolutionary Front with Egypt and Sudan as a step towards political unification, and in 1970 Syria stated its intention to join.
Question: When did India begin using leeches?
Sentence: Accounts of the use of leeches for the medically dubious practise of blood-letting have come from China around 30 AD, India around 200 AD, ancient Rome around 50 AD and later throughout Europe.
Question: What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that further examines the on between Whitehead and Follett?
Sentence: " This connection is further analyzed by Stout and Jeannine M. Love in Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration
Question: What non-native birds caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to suffer?
Sentence: The birds have also suffered from the introduction of mammals such as rats, cats, pigs and goats, as well as from introduced competitors such as common blackbirds and crimson rosellas.
Question: What imagery is suggested in the Chinese characters of the dynasties new name?
Sentence: In the later part of the dynasty, however, even the Manchus themselves had forgotten this possible meaning.
Question: What subset of Unicode is used by Windows?
Sentence: Other standardized subsets of Unicode include the Multilingual European Subsets: MES-1 (Latin scripts only, 335 characters), MES-2 (Latin, Greek and Cyrillic 1062 characters) and MES-3A & MES-3B (two larger subsets, not shown here).
Question: What is the term that accounts for the constituents of the haploid genome?
Sentence: Genome composition is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome, which should include genome size, proportions of non-repetitive DNA and repetitive DNA in details.
Question: The presence of whom in the French "lodges of adoption" formed in the 1780s was die to the close ties shared with aristocratic society?
Sentence: German historian Reinhart Koselleck claimed that "On the Continent there were two social structures that left a decisive imprint on the Age of Enlightenment: the Republic of Letters and the Masonic lodges.
Question: How did Victoria describe the physical appearance of Alexander?
Sentence: Alexander, on the other hand, was "very plain".
Question: West and East Slavs are sometimes combined into a single group called what?
Sentence: Present-day Slavic people are classified into West Slavic (chiefly Poles, Czechs and Slovaks), East Slavic (chiefly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), and South Slavic (chiefly Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins), though sometimes the West Slavs and East Slavs are combined into a single group known as North Slavs.
Question: "Rudi", "Walter" and "Tito" are names that what person assumed?
Sentence: As the Communist Party was outlawed in Yugoslavia starting on 30 December 1920, Josip Broz took on many assumed names during his activity within the Party, including "Rudi", "Walter", and "Tito."
Question: In what year was a new interdisciplinary management program launched at KU's School of Business?
Sentence: KU's School of Business launched interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research during Fall Semester 1965.
Question: Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?
Sentence: Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign.
Question: Greece's multiple governments came together in what year?
Sentence: The two governments were united in 1917, when Greece officially entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente.
Question: When were the Nieszawa statutes granted?
Sentence: In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments).
Question: Which season had the biggest voting controversy?
Sentence: The mechanism of voting had also aroused considerable criticisms, most notably in season two when Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote, and in season eight, when the massive increase in text votes (100 million more text votes than season 7) fueled the texting controversy.
Question: When were the staple foods in the Roman republic typically eaten at?
Sentence: Fingers were used to eat solid foods and spoons were used for soups.[citation needed]
Question: What did the gaelic root of the word for God mean?
Sentence: The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which meant either "to call" or "to invoke".
Question: Character is called what in Hellenistic art?
Sentence: The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them.
Question: Who pioneered research that led to the new ANSI values?
Sentence: Based on earlier research work by Loyd Ancile Jones (1884–1954) of Kodak and inspired by the systems of Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values, the American Standards Association (now named ANSI) defined a new method to determine and specify film speeds of black-and-white negative films in 1943.
Question: When was the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company founded?
Sentence: The Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was a Dutch company founded in 1890 to develop an oilfield in Sumatra, and initially led by August Kessler, Hugo Loudon, and Henri Deterding.
Question: Who was president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary?
Sentence: On July 29, 1955, James C. Hagerty, president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary, announced that the United States intended to launch "small Earth circling satellites" between July 1, 1957, and December 31, 1958, as part of their contribution to the International Geophysical Year (IGY).
Question: Who was the first person to sequence a viral genome?
Sentence: A few months later, the first eukaryotic genome was completed, with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s.
Question: When was pepsi-Cola first produced?
Sentence: Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern.
Question: Who gave the first live war report?
Sentence: It was the first European war to be photographed.
Question: What was the sole territory that the empire kept in the Balkans after 1913?
Sentence: Justin McCarthy estimates that during the period 1821 to 1922 several million Muslims died in the Balkans, with the expulsion of a similar number.
Question: During what century did the Investiture Controversy occur?
Sentence: The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands, but the papacy insisted on the Church's independence from secular lords.
Question: How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet?
Sentence: In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and "brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people."
Question: How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia?
Sentence: However, this is not the first species of homininae: the first species of genus Homo, Homo habilis, are theorized to have evolved in East Africa at least 2 million years ago, and members of this species populated different parts of Africa in a relatively short time.
Question: How does Whitehead describe the process of a typical person noticing a chair?
Sentence: By way of illustration, Whitehead uses the example of a person's encounter with a chair.
Question: What was the Decian decree meant to root out?
Sentence: In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to "ancestral gods" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt.
Question: When was the Bronx added to?
Sentence: The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx.
Question: What act allowed polytechnic schools to become universities?
Sentence: These institutions are sometimes referred to as post-1992 universities.
Question: When was the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Sentence: The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD.
Question: In what sort of theme pub could one find visitors singing with musical accompaniment?
Sentence: Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs.
Question: Where are most of the low density area of Detroit located?
Sentence: These neighborhoods are concentrated in the northeast and on the city's fringes.
Question: Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what?
Sentence: The brains of humans and other primates contain the same structures as the brains of other mammals, but are generally larger in proportion to body size.
Question: Why was the ability to play DVD-Video taken off of Windows Media Player?
Sentence: Support for playing DVD-Video was removed from Windows Media Player due to the cost of licensing the necessary decoders (especially for devices which do not include optical disc drives at all) and the prevalence of online streaming services.
Question: What amount of copper salt is toxic in animals?
Sentence: Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA.
Question: When was the so-called February Countercurrent?
Sentence: Tan Zhenlin (term 1949-1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967.
Question: Which division of Dell were unsuccessful in developing mobile devices?
Sentence: The growing popularity of smartphones and tablet computers instead of PCs drove Dell's consumer segment to an operating loss in Q3 2012.
Question: What states that EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed?
Sentence: According to the directive the EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed and therefore a "guarantee of origin" must be issued (article 15).
Question: Who was a notable scholastic thinker?
Sentence: During the Middle Ages, the Aristotelian view was adopted and further developed by scholasticism and Thomas Aquinas in particular.
Question: How long was Disraeli in office?
Sentence: Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were "a public meeting rather than a woman".
Question: How many non-white people lived in New York in 1890?
Sentence: New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890.
Question: What was also utilized to control ground targets?
Sentence: Their larger 90 mm M3 gun would prove, as did the eighty-eight, to make an excellent anti-tank gun as well, and was widely used late in the war in this role.
Question: What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.?
Sentence: The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law).
Question: High-rise buildings may be restricted to prevent obstruction of what views?
Sentence: In the dense areas, most of the concentration is via medium- and high-rise buildings.
Question: After leaving Destiny's Child, how many records did Beyoncé release under her own name?
Sentence: Throughout a career spanning 19 years, she has sold over 118 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.
Question: What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis?
Sentence: The city of Minneapolis hosts hundreds of Somali-owned and operated businesses offering a variety of products, including leather shoes, jewelry and other fashion items, halal meat, and hawala or money transfer services.
Question: Where was the lisle thread originally made?
Sentence: This type of thread was first made in the city of Lisle, France (now Lille), hence its name.
Question: What is the name of Madonna's seventh album?
Sentence: American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit "was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record.
Question: What is more contemporary Egyptian Pop Singer?
Sentence: Prominent contemporary Egyptian pop singers include Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir.
Question: What is one way by which pesticides lose their efficacy?
Sentence: For example, the presence of halogens within a chemical structure often slows down degradation in an aerobic environment.
Question: Olduwan, Mousterian, and Levalloisian are all types of what?
Sentence: Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeology.[citation needed]
Question: What nightclub in Southampton was nominated for the UK's best small nightclub?
Sentence: The city also has several smaller music venues, including the Brook, The Talking Heads, The Soul Cellar, The Joiners and Turner Sims, as well as smaller "club circuit" venues like Hampton's and Lennon's, and a number of public houses including the Platform tavern, the Dolphin, the Blue Keys and many others.
Question: In what year was the Empire State Building completed?
Sentence: The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements.
Question: What impressed Liu Bei so much about Nanjing?
Sentence: Sun Quan relocated his capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan.
Question: Who made rough calculations and implied that Ashkenazi Jews make up less than 74% of the Jewish population worldwide?
Sentence: Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.
Question: What document established the border between Russia and Estonia?
Sentence: For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.
Question: What percentage of viewership across the UK is constituted by the BBC?
Sentence: The domestic TV BBC television channels are broadcast without any commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30% of all UK viewing.
Question: What does CGLI stand for?
Sentence: Faced with their continuing inability to find a substantial site, the Companies were eventually persuaded by the Secretary of the Science and Art Department, General Sir John Donnelly (who was also a Royal Engineer) to found their institution on the eighty-seven acre (350,000 m²) site at South Kensington bought by the 1851 Exhibition Commissioners (for GBP 342,500) for 'purposes of art and science' in perpetuity.
Question: What kind of insects attract the most attention from humans?
Sentence: A serious environmental problem is the decline of populations of pollinator insects, and a number of species of insects are now cultured primarily for pollination management in order to have sufficient pollinators in the field, orchard or greenhouse at bloom time.:240–243
Question: What tribe did Ali belong to?
Sentence: After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph.
Question: Who does Melissa Checker have a relationship with?
Sentence: Environmental anthropology is a sub-specialty within the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time.
Question: Why is a plant chosen for the study of its cells?
Sentence: The single celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while not an embryophyte itself, contains a green-pigmented chloroplast related to that of land plants, making it useful for study.
Question: What failure caused the the flares of civil war to spark up again?
Sentence: Octavian was granted a series of special powers including sole "imperium" within the city of Rome, permanent consular powers and credit for every Roman military victory, since all future generals were assumed to be acting under his command.
Question: During what war was the island used as a Royal Navy station?
Sentence: During World War II, the islands were used as a top secret Royal Navy weather and radio station codenamed HMS Atlantic Isle, to monitor Nazi U-boats (which were required to maintain radio contact) and shipping movements in the South Atlantic Ocean.
Question: When was Elio killed?
Sentence: For this, he was arrested in 1820 and executed in 1822 by garroting.
Question: In 1908 what percent of the city's population was foreign-born?
Sentence: In 1908, 30% of the city's population of 300,000 was foreign-born.
Question: Which institute involving animal life did Cavanaugh create at Notre Dame?
Sentence: Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute.
Question: Where did the creator of Mr Benn and King Rollo study?
Sentence: George Passmore of Turner Prize winning duo Gilbert and George was born in the city, as was Labour politician Michael Foot whose family reside at nearby Trematon Castle.
Question: In what year did Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo publish a paper about long-term potentiation?
Sentence: In 1971 Tim Bliss and Terje Lømo published a paper on a phenomenon now called long-term potentiation: the paper showed clear evidence of activity-induced synaptic changes that lasted for at least several days.
Question: What was the name for "the double-axe men?"
Sentence: In her earliest depictions she is accompanied by the "Mister of the animals", a male god of hunting who had the bow as his attribute.
Question: How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880?
Sentence: In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880.
Question: How many soldiers did Parisian Taxis transport to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne?
Sentence: The city was also bombed by Zeppelins and shelled by German long-range guns.
Question: What is getting cheaper as a result of technilogical change?
Sentence: Renewable energy technologies are getting cheaper, through technological change and through the benefits of mass production and market competition.
Question: How many Jews did Schindler save?
Sentence: With the film a huge success at the box office, Spielberg used the profits to set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors.
Question: What US ambassador spoke about the widespread support for Nasser's nationalization of the canal?
Sentence: US ambassador Henry A. Byroade stated, "I cannot overemphasize [the] popularity of the Canal Company nationalization within Egypt, even among Nasser's enemies.
Question: What is Nico Frijda's nationality?
Sentence: : Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
Question: On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally approved by Congress?
Sentence: The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow.