xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What did Renaissance painters call the pigment made from cochineal?
Sentence: The painters of the early Renaissance used two traditional lake pigments, made from mixing dye with either chalk or alum, kermes lake, made from kermes insects, and madder lake, made from the rubia tinctorum plant.
Question: What trend has accompanied Estonia's cooperation with Western powers?
Sentence: Estonia's international realignment toward the West has been accompanied by a general deterioration in relations with Russia, most recently demonstrated by the protest triggered by the controversial relocation of the Bronze Soldier World War II memorial in Tallinn.
Question: By what year had Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom?
Sentence: In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded Western influence and established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers.
Question: When did James come up with 'radical empiricism'?
Sentence: James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical".
Question: Why was green facial makeup worn by ancient Egyptians?
Sentence: It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil.
Question: Who were the leading Cubist architects?
Sentence: The leading Cubist architects were Pavel Janák, Josef Gočár, Vlastislav Hofman, Emil Králíček and Josef Chochol.
Question: Faith in and veneration of Mahayana are stated in what sutras?
Sentence: Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the later attainment of Buddhahood itself.
Question: What is the highest temperature ever recorded in Tennessee?
Sentence: Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state.
Question: What was the final straw that precipitated the baronial uprising during John's final years as king?
Sentence: The failure of John's French military campaign in 1214 was probably the final straw that precipitated the baronial uprising during John's final years as king; James Holt describes the path to civil war as "direct, short and unavoidable" following the defeat at Bouvines.
Question: What areas of San Diego typically experienced the greatest rainfall?
Sentence: Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year.
Question: How was the store most often presented to the public?
Sentence: The company's innovative marketing promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity and its techniques were adopted by modern department stores the world over.
Question: What did large herds of bison attract?
Sentence: However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.
Question: What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil?
Sentence: Some scholars disagree, arguing that "whitening" of one's social status may be open to people of mixed race, a large part of the population known as pardo, but a person perceived as preto (black) will continue to be classified as black regardless of wealth or social status.
Question: When were Castille and Aragon united?
Sentence: With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious.
Question: In what cities did protests against westerners flare up in 1967?
Sentence: Arab nationalism was increasingly popular, and protests flared up following Egypt's 1967 defeat in the Six-Day War with Israel; allied to the western powers, Idris' administration was seen as pro-Israeli. Anti-western riots broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, while Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt.
Question: What are the risks of child labour in drug cartels?
Sentence: Many children are used by drug cartels to sell and carry drugs, guns, and other illegal substances because of their perception of innocence.
Question: What decision did he make that influenced the culture in an attempt to make things more homogeneous ?
Sentence: Certainly from then on, but likely earlier, the Roman and Greek cultures were virtually fused into a single Greco-Roman world.
Question: When were industrial cities to be targeted?
Sentence: The first three directives in 1940 did not mention civilian populations or morale in any way.
Question: What turned into the goal of the student body?
Sentence: Increasingly the students turned to athletic stars as their heroes, especially since winning the big game became the goal of the student body, and the alumni, as well as the team itself.
Question: How was support for members of the public given?
Sentence: In 2012, the government of St. Helena funded the creation of the St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015.
Question: There are how many dorms for females at Notre Dame?
Sentence: There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years.
Question: What benefits did the MUSE narrow wavelength red laser have?
Sentence: The red laser was capable of reading through disc defects such as scratches and even mild disc rot that would cause most other players to stop, stutter or drop-out.
Question: In addition to cannon fire, what did Franklin suggest to act as Parisians' alarm clock?
Sentence: During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight.
Question: What empire was Guinea-Bissau once part of?
Sentence: Guinea-Bissau has a history of political instability since independence, and no elected president has successfully served a full five-year term.
Question: What would be the cause of the success for the Hayek's ideal free-market?
Sentence: In the latter half of his career Hayek made a number of contributions to social and political philosophy, which he based on his views on the limits of human knowledge, and the idea of spontaneous order in social institutions.
Question: How many families did mammals consist of as of 2006?
Sentence: According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006.
Question: How many percent did the college's endowment market value increase from 2014 to 2015?
Sentence: During the year 2014/15, the market value of the endowment increased by £78 million (18%) to £512.4 million on 31 July 2015.
Question: The leader of what organization was imprisoned by Nasser?
Sentence: He was the only candidate for the position, with virtually all of his political opponents forbidden by law from running for office, and his fellow party members reduced to mere followers.
Question: What was the new armor called?
Sentence: The helmet kabuto was an important part of the samurai's armor.
Question: What type of songs does Hard Candy have?
Sentence: Madonna moved to urban direction with Hard Candy (2008), mixing R&B and hip hop music with dance tunes.
Question: How are CDs mass produced?
Sentence: Replicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press.
Question: Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist?
Sentence: However, he also writes that "as to swallows being found in a torpid state during the winter in the Isle of Wight or any part of this country, I never heard any such account worth attending to", and that if early swallows "happen to find frost and snow they immediately withdraw for a time—a circumstance this much more in favour of hiding than migration", since he doubts they would "return for a week or two to warmer latitudes".
Question: During whose rule was the use of Old Akkadian at its peak?
Sentence: Use of Old Akkadian was at its peak during the rule of Sargon the Great (c. 2270–2215 BC), but even then most administrative tablets continued to be written in Sumerian, the language used by the scribes.
Question: Which government-sponsored entities had massive risky loan purchases?
Sentence: In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan purchases by government-sponsored entities Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Question: Who encouraged peanut production in Guinea-Bissau?
Sentence: Black-eyed peas are also part of the diet.
Question: When is the Fourth of June celebrated?
Sentence: Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called "Fourth of June", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron.
Question: Where did sociology culture stem from?
Sentence: Cultural sociology first emerged in Weimar Germany (1918–1933), where sociologists such as Alfred Weber used the term Kultursoziologie (cultural sociology).
Question: How does the 360 S then react to an overheating situation?
Sentence: The system will then warn the user of imminent system shutdown until the system has cooled, whereas a flashing power button that alternates between green and red is an indication of a "General Hardware Failure" unlike older models where three of the quadrants would light up red.
Question: Who wanted CNN to apologize for its insult to Chinese people?
Sentence: CNN issued a statement on April 14, responded to China over 'thugs and goons' comment by Jack Cafferty.
Question: What is the average score of Twilight Princess on Metacritic?
Sentence: On the review aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic, Twilight Princess has average scores of 95% and 95 for the Wii version and scores of 95% and 96 for the GameCube version.
Question: Where has KEXP pioneered in Radio?
Sentence: Seattle also has numerous commercial radio stations.
Question: What was the name of the clone in Poland?
Sentence: The Micro Genius (Simplified Chinese: 小天才) was marketed in Southeast Asia as an alternative to the Famicom; Samurai was the popular PAL alternative to the NES; and in Central Europe, especially Poland, the Pegasus was available.
Question: What can a large influx of money from a for-profit company do to an organization?
Sentence: Some commentators have also argued that receiving significant funding from large for-profit corporations can ultimately alter the NPO's functions.
Question: What kind of functionality will the remaster feature?
Sentence: A high-definition remaster of the game,
Question: Gandhi was a leader of what country?
Sentence: Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries.
Question: In what year did The Times Literary Supplement begin publishing online?
Sentence: The Times Literary Supplement (TLS) first appeared in 1902 as a supplement to The Times, becoming a separately paid-for weekly literature and society magazine in 1914.
Question: Ethernet standards require what?
Sentence: Ethernet standards require electrical isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds.
Question: What are common less-lethal weapons?
Sentence: They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electroshock weapons.
Question: Who compared Gaddafi to Hitler?
Sentence: Rallying against Jews in many of his speeches, his anti-Semitism has been described as "almost Hitlerian" by Blundy and Lycett.
Question: Where did Britain's army attack in 1961?
Sentence: Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States.
Question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?
Sentence: The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further.
Question: When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?
Sentence: The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.
Question: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?
Sentence: The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).
Question: What day did Radio Saint Helena start operations?
Sentence: Radio St Helena, which started operations on Christmas Day 1967, provided a local radio service that had a range of about 100 km (62 mi) from the island, and also broadcast internationally on shortwave radio (11092.5 kHz) on one day a year.
Question: Which mountain is a holy pilgrimage for both Hindus and Tibetans?
Sentence: The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans.
Question: Where is Bern located?
Sentence: Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps.
Question: On what kind of system was Roman religious law focused?
Sentence: The official deities of the state were identified with its lawful offices and institutions, and Romans of every class were expected to honour the beneficence and protection of mortal and divine superiors.
Question: How often do the national rugby teams play for the Triple Crown?
Sentence: These national rugby teams play each other each year for the Triple Crown as part of the Six Nations Championship.
Question: What did Poland contribute to the "Coalition of the Willing"?
Sentence: Poland contributed a large force to the "Coalition of the Willing" in Iraq.
Question: How did the majority of science see humanity in relation to animals in the 19th century?
Sentence: Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial as they conflicted with the beliefs that species were unchanging parts of a designed hierarchy and that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals.
Question: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?
Sentence: The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835.
Question: Where did football matches become to be popular in the Ottoman empire?
Sentence: Football clubs were formed in other provinces too, such as Karşıyaka Sports Club (1912), Altay Sports Club (1914) and Turkish Fatherland Football Club (later Ülküspor) (1914) of İzmir.
Question: Besides ring-porous, what's the other class hardwoods are often divided into?
Sentence: The water conducting capability is mostly taken care of by vessels: in some cases (oak, chestnut, ash) these are quite large and distinct, in others (buckeye, poplar, willow) too small to be seen without a hand lens.
Question: What is the center of the Florida population
Sentence: The population of Florida in the 2010 census was 18,801,310.
Question: What is the Marvel and Disney line of comics called?
Sentence: With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" imprint "Seekers of the Weird", a five-issue miniseries.
Question: What warrior class rose during the Heian era?
Sentence: The period is also noted for the rise of the samurai class, which would eventually take power and start the feudal period of Japan.
Question: What countries did Gladstone think Burke was wise about?
Sentence: The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded:
Question: Jehovah Witnesses believe who will go to heaven?
Sentence: Witnesses believe that a "little flock" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of "other sheep" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon.
Question: What are the Jehovah Witnesses?
Sentence: Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible.
Question: What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987?
Sentence: Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s.
Question: What does the term "pardo" include?
Sentence: This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to include a wide range of multiracial people, such as caboclos (mestizos), assimilated Amerindians and tri-racials, not only people of partial African and European descent.
Question: What effect occurs when the signal is reflected back into the antenna?
Sentence: Now consider the case when the antenna is fed a signal with a wavelength of 1.25 m; in this case the reflected current would arrive at the feed out-of-phase with the signal, causing the net current to drop while the voltage remains the same.
Question: How many Oscars did Close Encounters get nominated for, besides Best Director?
Sentence: One of the rare films both written and directed by Spielberg, Close Encounters was a critical and box office hit, giving Spielberg his first Best Director nomination from the Academy as well as earning six other Academy Awards nominations.
Question: Which system bases its unit of time on the properties of caesium?
Sentence: SI defines the second as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation that corresponds to the transition between two electron spin energy levels of the ground state of the 133Cs atom.
Question: With walnut, what's another tree in the intermediate group?
Sentence: In diffuse-porous woods the pores are evenly sized so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the growth ring instead of being collected in a band or row.
Question: In what form is copper extracted?
Sentence: Copper can also be recovered through the in-situ leach process.
Question: About how much capital did Accelerator raise as of the middle of 2014?
Sentence: By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions.
Question: Who credit 12 heterodox economists with predicting the crisis in his research credits?
Sentence: Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argument and estimates of timing) 12 economists with predicting the crisis: Dean Baker (US), Wynne Godley (UK), Fred Harrison (UK), Michael Hudson (US), Eric Janszen (US), Steve Keen (Australia), Jakob Brøchner Madsen & Jens Kjaer Sørensen (Denmark), Kurt Richebächer (US), Nouriel Roubini (US), Peter Schiff (US), and Robert Shiller (US).
Question: Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?
Sentence: In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic, while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples.
Question: What edition was the book in by the time of Darwin's death?
Sentence: (eventually Murray paid £180 to Darwin for the 1st edition and by Darwin's death in 1882 the book was in its 6th edition, earning Darwin nearly £3000.)
Question: Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain popular?
Sentence: Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world.
Question: Who wrote 'The History of Armenia'?
Sentence: As Armenian history of the 1920s and of the Genocide came to be more openly discussed, writers like Paruyr Sevak, Gevork Emin, Silva Kaputikyan and Hovhannes Shiraz began a new era of literature.
Question: What helps the earthworm grab grass leaves and weeds?
Sentence: The mouth is surrounded by strong lips, which act like a hand to grab pieces of dead grass, leaves, and weeds, with bits of soil to help chew.
Question: What kind of movement was modern architecture in the beginning?
Sentence: Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes.
Question: For what have CTC students failed to qualify ?
Sentence: The CTCs provide vocational training to students who do not progress beyond Class 8 because they failed the entry qualifications for secondary education.
Question: When was the second edition published?
Sentence: The 2nd edition (1787) contained a Refutation of Idealism to distinguish his transcendental idealism from Descartes's Sceptical Idealism and Berkeley's anti-realist strain of Subjective Idealism.
Question: What does Nanjing have that is considered one of the world's biggest?
Sentence: Located in Yangtze River Delta area and the center of East China, Nanjing is home to one of the world's largest inland ports.
Question: Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band?
Sentence: In the following year blues rockers ZZ Top released their classic album Tres Hombres and Aerosmith produced their eponymous début, as did Southern rockers Lynyrd Skynyrd and proto-punk outfit New York Dolls, demonstrating the diverse directions being pursued in the genre.
Question: Who was Marwan I related to?
Sentence: Marwan I had previously been excluded from positions of responsibility.
Question: How many people died because of the Spitak earthquake?
Sentence: In addition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless, are still being felt.
Question: Who was executed on June 2, 1967?
Sentence: The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
Question: What Island is the nearest major airport located on?
Sentence: St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters.
Question: What happened to the reward the BBC received?
Sentence: BBC subsequently apologised for faking footage, and returned the television award for investigative reporting.
Question: What form began to take shape during the Baroque era?
Sentence: The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations.
Question: The shofar stops being used at the end of what Jewish event?
Sentence: The shofar is the only temple instrument still being used today in the synagogue, and it is only used from Rosh Chodesh Elul through the end of Yom Kippur.
Question: What preventative measures always work to prevent asthma?
Sentence: Some show promise including: limiting smoke exposure both in utero and after delivery, breastfeeding, and increased exposure to daycare or large families but none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication.
Question: What year did importation of Chinese Laborers peak?
Sentence: Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced.
Question: What is added to to increase ability for reception?
Sentence: Most AM broadcast radios (except for car radios) take advantage of this principle by including a small loop antenna for reception which has an extremely poor efficiency.