xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s?
Sentence: Hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s.
Question: What do you call  government officials using power for illicit private gain?
Sentence: Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain.
Question: Is the age that peope are allowed to marry universally decided upon?
Sentence: It should be noted that the legal coming of age often does not correspond with the sudden realization of autonomy; many adolescents who have legally reached adult age are still dependent on their guardians or peers for emotional and financial support.
Question: The Soviet Union feared invasion from which potential enemy?
Sentence: Geostrategic principles also drove the Soviet Union to prevent invasion of its territory by Western European powers.
Question: Who gained temporal power in Tibet in the 1240s?
Sentence: Mongolian prince Khuden gained temporal power in Tibet in the 1240s and sponsored Sakya Pandita, whose seat became the capital of Tibet.
Question: Which government awards the Order of the Chrysanthemum?
Sentence: The most notable awards included the French Legion of Honour and National Order of Merit, the British Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Order of Merit of Italy.
Question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian natively?
Sentence: Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population.
Question: What provides information to the SCN?
Sentence: But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock.
Question: Gautama invented a new kind of human without what?
Sentence: Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss]
Question: What organization sponsors an assistance program for least developed countries?
Sentence: Tuvalu participates in the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries (EIF), which was established in October 1997 under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation.
Question: What describes communication as creative and dynamic rather than discrete?
Sentence: Theories of coregulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information.
Question: Prior to the 2008 games, when did Malaysia last see an Olympic torch relay?
Sentence: The last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia was the 1964 Tokyo edition.
Question: In what area of the US can one find the Presidential Library system libraries?
Sentence: The Presidential Libraries include:
Question: What is the sea life reserve named at St. Barts?
Sentence: The Reserve has two levels of protection, the yellow zones of protection where certain non-extractive activities, like snorkeling and boating, are allowed and the red zones of high protection where most activities including SCUBA are restricted in order to protect or recover marine life.
Question: How much of the US's oil comes from Nigeria?
Sentence: It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide.
Question: Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Diego?
Sentence: In the late 1860s, Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became Downtown San Diego.
Question: Aviation strategists disputed over what?
Sentence: Some writers claim the Air Staff ignored a critical lesson, however: British morale did not break.
Question: What is act 21 of 2000 in Namibia?
Sentence: the Namibia Tourism Board Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000).
Question: What was Greece's unemployment rate between in 2009?
Sentence: IMF's forecast said that Greece's unemployment rate would hit the highest 14.8 percent in 2012 and decrease to 14.1 in 2014.
Question: The Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada is attributed to who?
Sentence: This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE.
Question: What method does Spanish use to identify the object?
Sentence: This flexibility allows Catalan to use extraposition extensively, much more than French or Spanish.
Question: What did scientists attempt to boost artificially on Saint Helena?
Sentence: Between 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially.
Question: Who creates sparks and explosions?
Sentence: A correfoc (fire run) or Devil's dance (Ball de diables, features dancing youth amid the sparks and explosions of the ritual crew of devils.
Question: When did Kerry and Teresa meet?
Sentence: Kerry and his second wife, Mozambican-born businesswoman and philanthropist Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões Ferreira (known as Teresa), the widow of Kerry's late Pennsylvania Republican Senate colleague Henry John Heinz III, were introduced to each other by Heinz at an Earth Day rally in 1990.
Question: Besides Camouflage being a reason for having certain hair colors, what other reasons have been discovered?
Sentence: Camouflage is thought to be a major selection pressure shaping coloration in mammals, although there is also evidence that sexual selection, communication, and physiological processes may influence the evolution of coloration as well.
Question: What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism?
Sentence: At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slightly wider boulevards, and the occasional diagonal street were characteristic of the very logical and orderly Roman design.
Question: Which four states opposed the French?
Sentence: At the zenith of their power, the imperialist forces controlled all but four states in Mexico; the only states to maintain strong opposition to the French were: Guerrero, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California.
Question: What was the trajectory of political unrest after the treaty?
Sentence: Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country.
Question: Why are average trip distances so lengthy in San Diego?
Sentence: At the same time, the city's hilly, canyon-like terrain and significantly long average trip distances—brought about by strict low-density zoning laws—somewhat restrict cycling for utilitarian purposes.
Question: The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?
Sentence: These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution, and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication.
Question: Psychiatrists believe in 1938  that mental trauma could reach how many millions?
Sentence: Winston Churchill told Parliament in 1934, "We must expect that, under the pressure of continuous attack upon London, at least three or four million people would be driven out into the open country around the metropolis.
Question: when was the first beta test for the youtube site?
Sentence: The site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day.
Question: Where was Karl von Löesch transferred to after he turned over the documents?
Sentence: When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies.
Question: When were the 3 new cemeteries open?
Sentence: Open from 1804, these were the cemeteries of Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse, and later Passy; these cemeteries became inner-city once again when Paris annexed all neighbouring communes to the inside of its much larger ring of suburban fortifications in 1860.
Question: What community has the most prevalency for child labour?
Sentence: Lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education, according to ILO, is another major factor driving children to harmful labour.
Question: How much did international trade fall?
Sentence: International trade plunged by half to two-thirds, as did personal income, tax revenue, prices and profits.
Question: In what year did van Gaal and Núñez resign from Barcelona?
Sentence: Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Núñez resigning in 2000.
Question: Who was the ruler in Morocco?
Sentence: Some succeeded their fathers as rulers, such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608.
Question: Who is considered the father of natural history?
Sentence: In 1665, using an early microscope, Polymath Robert Hooke discovered cells, a term he coined, in cork, and a short time later in living plant tissue.
Question: What are two enviromental factors?
Sentence: Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Question: Napoleon is viewed by some as a founder of what modern nation?
Sentence: After dissolving the Holy Roman Empire, he reduced the number of German states from 300 to less than 50, paving the way to German Unification.
Question: What protected the abbey?
Sentence: Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.
Question: Which of Queen Victoria's children died in July of that year?
Sentence: Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war.
Question: How did the British treat Cherbourg?
Sentence: Covered by naval bombardment, the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg, and destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.
Question: What language form is parli?
Sentence: E.g. parlo (Central), parl (Balearic), parli (Northern), ('I speak').
Question: Who accused the United States of beginning an armed intervention in South Korea?
Sentence: On 25 June 1950, the United Nations Security Council unanimously condemned the North Korean invasion of the Republic of Korea, with UN Security Council Resolution 82.
Question: What are intraguild predators?
Sentence: Another manner in which predation and competition are connected is throughout intraguild predation.
Question: When did Middle Persian start being u sed?
Sentence: The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity.
Question: When Gaddafi went to England, how did he respond to their culture?
Sentence: He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character."
Question: In what year did Sony and BMG Germany merge?
Sentence: However Sony continued to operate its Japanese music business independently from Sony BMG while BMG Japan was made part of the merger.
Question: Who began probing Nintendo's business?
Sentence: GameSpy remarked that Nintendo's punishment was particularly weak giving the case's findings, although it has been speculated that the FTC did not want to damage the video game industry in the United States.
Question: Was the transition from Old Dutch to Modern Dutch gradual, or did it happen quickly?
Sentence: It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch.
Question: What changed the Prussian relationship with Sweden?
Sentence: Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden.
Question: Who granted Imperial close to 170 million pounds in grants?
Sentence: During the 2012/13 financial year Imperial had a capital expenditure of £124 million (2011/12 – £152 million).
Question: What effect has the housing boom had on house prices and rents?
Sentence: However, after 10 years[when?] of planning policies to encourage medium-density and high-density development in existing areas with greater access to public transport and other services, Melbourne's middle and outer-ring suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment.
Question: Generally, what types of teams call Nanjing home?
Sentence: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams.
Question: Oxford Dictionary added which word from the 2000s dedicated to Beyonce?
Sentence: " Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s, the media often used the term "Bootylicious" (a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious) to describe Beyoncé, the term popularized by Destiny's Child's single of the same name.
Question: Who were the leaders of the Age of Awakening?
Sentence: Among the leaders of the movement were Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Jakob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson.
Question: What was South Vietnam called in 1955?
Sentence: After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, commonly known as South Vietnam) in October, Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military, economic, and technical assistance.
Question: How tall are the mountains in New Hampshire?
Sentence: In New Hampshire, many summits rise above 5,000 ft (1,500 m), including Mount Washington in the White Mountains at 6,288 ft (1,917 m), Adams at 5,771 ft (1,759 m), Jefferson at 5,712 ft (1,741 m), Monroe at 5,380 ft (1,640 m), Madison at 5,367 ft (1,636 m), Lafayette at 5,249 feet (1,600 m), and Lincoln at 5,089 ft (1,551 m).
Question: When are the new plans supposed to come to fruition for the airport?
Sentence: Goals are to eventually handle 120 million passengers a year, which would make it the busiest airport in the world.
Question: Where was Paul VI headed to on July 14, 1978?
Sentence: On Sunday, at the Feast of the Transfiguration, he was tired, but wanted to say the Angelus.
Question: On what date did Tuvalu join the Pacific Islands Development Forum?
Sentence: Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.
Question: Who would oversee all functions of the new district?
Sentence: The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements.
Question: What three contributions to Atlantic City was Edward L. Bader known for?
Sentence: Despite the opposition of many others, he purchased land that became the city's municipal airport and high school football stadium, both of which were later named Bader Field in his honor.
Question: The grounds at what location were the site of "diplomatic hunts"?
Sentence: While Tito was the person who held the office of president for by far the longest period, the associated property was not private and much of it continues to be in use by Yugoslav successor states, as public property, or maintained at the disposal of high-ranking officials.
Question: Comcast's revenues in 2009 were how much?
Sentence: Revenues grew sixfold from 1999's $6 billion to almost $36 billion in 2009.
Question: When was Robert Hickens' book wrote?
Sentence: The Near East (1913) is subtitled Dalmatia, Greece and Constantinople.
Question: Were the Masons political or non-political in the American Revolution?
Sentence: American historians, while noting that Benjamin Franklin and George Washington were indeed active Masons, have downplayed the importance of Freemasonry in causing the American Revolution because the Masonic order was non-political and included both Patriots and their enemy the Loyalists.
Question: Where was Popper's academic appointment in New Zealand?
Sentence: In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch.
Question: What were some of the downsides of the more liberal Soviet Union?
Sentence: This liberalization, however, fostered nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the Soviet Union.
Question: What must Africans who recently immigrated do?
Sentence: Together with publicity about the ancestry of President Barack Obama, whose father was from Kenya, some black writers have argued that new terms are needed for recent immigrants.
Question: What city did Muravyev decide not to take control over?
Sentence: He therefore decided to control the surrounding area with cavalry and starve them out.
Question: What is the name of the teen paper that the Boston Globe provides to schools?
Sentence: The Boston Globe also releases a teen publication to the city's public high schools, called Teens in Print or T.i.
Question: In what year was arsphenamine discovered?
Sentence: The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan.
Question: In what year did iron production in Richmond peak?
Sentence: At the height of production in the 1890, 25 foundries operated in the city employing nearly 3,500 metal workers.
Question: What is the most populous city in Guam?
Sentence: Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government.
Question: When did the religions of the past begin to dissipate ?
Sentence: However, Greece itself had a tendency to cling to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the 10th century AD.
Question: How many commanders are in The Order?
Sentence: Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British Orders of Chivalry, with over 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders.
Question: Who called the Chance for Peace speech the best one Eisenhower gave as president?
Sentence: Biographer Stephen Ambrose opined that this was the best speech of Eisenhower's presidency.
Question: How many events does the University Musical Society present in a year?
Sentence: Founded in 1879, the University Musical Society is an independent performing arts organization that presents over 60 events each year, bringing international artists in music, dance, and theater.
Question: When did Madonna visit Malawi's school?
Sentence: When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013, President of Malawi Joyce Banda expressed criticism of the star and her charity, accusing her of exaggerating her charity's contribution.
Question: Nintendo's measures for third party game developers were also adopted by which later manufacturers?
Sentence: Some of the Nintendo platform-control measures were adopted by later console manufacturers such as Sega, Sony, and Microsoft, although not as stringent.
Question: Why is the black population in Bermuda different from that in the British West Indies and the United States?
Sentence: The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers were free blacks from Spanish-speaking areas of the West Indies, and most of the remainder were recently enslaved Africans captured from the Spanish and Portuguese.
Question: What did Liu Shankun do with the pictures he took of collapsed schools?
Sentence: Liu’s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion.
Question: What term is given to the attempt by the US and her allies to fight global terrorist groups?
Sentence: The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities.
Question: UNFPA was originally administered by what U.N. body?
Sentence: UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund.
Question: What is the second biggest centre for the U.N.?
Sentence: A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality.
Question: Which religious group is the second largest with 150,000 members?
Sentence: Thus, the number of adherents of Lutheranism and Orthodoxy, without regard to citizenship or ethnicity, is roughly equal.
Question: How did the experiment succeed?
Sentence: He concludes:
Question: How much cooling can ozone depletion cause over Antarctica?
Sentence: Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the local stratosphere.
Question: What did the last glacial period provide
Sentence: Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents.
Question: When did indices on corruption first appear?
Sentence: While "corruption" indices first appeared in 1995 with the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI, all of these metrics address different proxies for corruption, such as public perceptions of the extent of the problem.
Question: What did conservative Muslim clerics accuse Gaddafi of?
Sentence: His emphasis on placing his own work on a par with the Qur'an led conservative clerics to accuse him of shirk, furthering their opposition to his regime.
Question: What Kathmandu valley area was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO?
Sentence: These are amply reflected in the many temples, shrines, stupas, monasteries, and palaces in the seven well-defined Monument Zones of the Kathmandu valley are part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Question: When did instruction begin at Northwestern?
Sentence: The university's law, medical, and professional schools are located on a 25-acre (10 ha) campus in Chicago's Streeterville neighborhood.
Question: How much money did videoconferencing help this rural area save?
Sentence: This had previously cost nearly $10,000 per transfer.
Question: What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into?
Sentence: The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).
Question: What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan?
Sentence: Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents.
Question: What are the landholdings that the farming industry uses called?
Sentence: While the western coast, with its major population centers and its fishing and manufacturing industries, is prosperous and increasing in population, the rural hinterland — the provinces of Ourense and Lugo — is economically dependent on traditional agriculture, based on small landholdings called minifundios.
Question: In what borough is the Ditmas Park neighborhood located?
Sentence: In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.
Question: For which film from 1982 did Schwarzenegger first gain fame?
Sentence: In 1984, he appeared in James Cameron's science-fiction thriller film The Terminator, which was a massive critical and box-office success.
Question: What is one of SASO's main goals?
Sentence: The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation (SASO) was developed to address the major concerns with the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and as such, measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and heterosexuality separately.