xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: Who was the ruler of Valencia in 138 BC?
Sentence: This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road that connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire.
Question: In what district of London was the Punch Bowl located?
Sentence: The Punch Bowl, Mayfair was at one time jointly owned by Madonna and Guy Ritchie.
Question: Is it probable, improbable, or impossible that a sovereign would withhold assent?
Sentence: Since these ministers most often maintain the support of parliament and are the ones who obtain the passage of bills, it is highly improbable that they would advise the sovereign to withhold assent.
Question: What were the designations of the two redesigned 360 models and when did they come out?
Sentence: Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console: the Xbox 360 S in 2010, and the Xbox 360 E in 2013.
Question: Who was the founder of the New York Post?
Sentence: Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism.
Question: What was the major break through for the study of genetics?
Sentence: By 1953, James D. Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins clarified the basic structure of DNA, the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms.
Question: A lot of Bostond medical facilities are associated with what?
Sentence: Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.
Question: What city in Israel is a sister city to Philadelphia?
Sentence: Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities.
Question: Which scribe led the production of the first written Quran?
Sentence: Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle".
Question: Heading east from Southampton, what city is connected by rail?
Sentence: Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff.
Question: Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?
Sentence: The High Middle Ages was a period of great religious movements.
Question: What is the second principle of Protestantism?
Sentence: Because sola scriptura placed the Bible as the only source of teaching, sola fide epitomises the main thrust of the teaching the reformers wanted to get back to, namely the direct, close, personal connection between Christ and the believer, hence the reformers' contention that their work was Christocentric.
Question: What documents trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England?
Sentence: These historians were often inclined to see John's reign, and his signing of Magna Carta in particular, as a positive step in the constitutional development of England, despite the flaws of the king himself.
Question: What causes additional rainfall during monsoon?
Sentence: The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon.
Question: What is Oklahoma's only HBCU?
Sentence: Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college.
Question: What does hot air solder leveling ensure the coated copper will have?
Sentence: The HASL finish prevents oxidation from the underlying copper, thereby guaranteeing a solderable surface.
Question: What happened in 1976 that impacted this primate's classification as Endanger?
Sentence: Not only had they found documentation that 151 of these primates had inadvertently made their way from the Harvard-affiliated New England Regional Primate Research Center into the exotic pet trade through the aforementioned loophole, but in October 1976, over 800 cotton-top tamarins were imported into the United States in order to beat the official listing of the species under the ESA.
Question: What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states?
Sentence: Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–1279).
Question: How many individual ratings contributed to Metacritics score?
Sentence: " On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Question: Illegally killing, capturing or trapping an hunted species is called what?
Sentence: In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species.
Question: Who conducts training of the cadets?
Sentence: The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement.
Question: Of what language family is Estonian a part of?
Sentence: It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.
Question: What fraction of the population of North Carolina was enslaved in 1860?
Sentence: This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states.
Question: What happened in 1893 that destroyed most of the mosaics in the mosque?
Sentence: It is thought that the mosque used to have the largest gold mosaic in the world, at over 4 m2.
Question: What population segment in China struggles to get follow-up care for TB infection?
Sentence: Mark Dybul: "we have the tools to end TB as a pandemic and public health threat on the planet, but we are not doing it.
Question: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?
Sentence: It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein.
Question: Oral traditions allowed what to become formalized in human cultures?
Sentence: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.)
Question: When was John Lofting born?
Sentence: Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.
Question: What remained an important focus during the 1950s and 1960s?
Sentence: In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one.
Question: When did CBC discontinue its late-night broadcast of The National?
Sentence: Until October 2006, CBC owned-and-operated stations aired a second broadcast of the program at 11:00 p.m.; this later broadcast included only the main news portion of the program, and excluded the analysis and documentary segment.
Question: What is KMC an initialism of?
Sentence: KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States.
Question: What was the nationality of anthropologist Peg LeVine?
Sentence: The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term
Question: When did the Habsburgs  sell the Sundgau territory to France?
Sentence: Beset by enemies and seeking to gain a free hand in Hungary, the Habsburgs sold their Sundgau territory (mostly in Upper Alsace) to France in 1646, which had occupied it, for the sum of 1.2 million Thalers.
Question: Who was elected the first female president of Africa?
Sentence: The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history.
Question: What Continental Oil leader was Eisenhower tied to?
Sentence: Meanwhile, Columbia University's liberal faculty members became disenchanted with the university president's ties to oilmen and businessmen, including Leonard McCollum, the president of Continental Oil; Frank Abrams, the chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey; Bob Kleberg, the president of the King Ranch; H. J. Porter, a Texas oil executive; Bob Woodruff, the president of the Coca-Cola Corporation; and Clarence Francis, the chairman of General Foods.
Question: What destroyed the palace?
Sentence: The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing but is currently under reconstruction.[citation needed]
Question: What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos?
Sentence: Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary.
Question: Increasing slope, thickness, snowfall, longitudinal confinement, basal temperature, and meltwater production result in increased what?
Sentence: Velocity increases with increasing slope, increasing thickness, increasing snowfall, increasing longitudinal confinement, increasing basal temperature, increasing meltwater production and reduced bed hardness.
Question: Who was Apollo's sister?
Sentence: His original name is unknown, but it seems that he was absorbed by the more popular Apollo, who stood by the virgin "Mistress of the Animals", becoming her brother.
Question: Who identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories?
Sentence: In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania.
Question: What was the criticism of judge Mohammad NAgi Shatata sentence of 188 member of Muslim Brotherhood for assaulting police station?
Sentence: In December 2014 the judge Mohammed Nagi Shahata, notorious for his fierceness in passing on death sentences, condemened to the capital penalty 188 members of the Muslim Brotherhood, for assaulting a police station.
Question: Is there an agency that decides if someone is using the domain designation incorrectly?
Sentence: In the traditional domain noted in RFC 1591, .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD.
Question: Along what fault line did the quake happen?
Sentence: According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate.
Question: Who is the Lagrangian named after?
Sentence: This formalism is as fundamental as the Hamiltonian, and both can be used to derive the equations of motion or be derived from them.
Question: The Bohr magneton is the magnetic moment of an electron under what restriction?
Sentence: The Bohr magneton and the nuclear magneton are units which are used to describe the magnetic properties of the electron and atomic nuclei respectively.
Question: In what war did the armed forces from Argentina use the SAM Roland?
Sentence: In the 1982 Falklands War, the Argentine armed forces deployed the newest west European weapons including the Oerlikon GDF-002 35 mm twin cannon and SAM Roland.
Question: Who refused to hear any contradictory views about Mary and her perceived inception ?
Sentence: The well-known words of St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin.
Question: What was Oklahoma cities gross metropolitan product in 2009?
Sentence: According to the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce, the metropolitan area's economic output grew by 33 percent between 2001 and 2005 due chiefly to economic diversification.
Question: What kind of card will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?
Sentence: They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.
Question: What is another name for a one hour draw?
Sentence: Traditionally, a championship may not change hands in the event of a draw (though it may become vacant), though some promotions such as TNA have endorsed rules where the champion may lose a title by disqualification.
Question: With what bill in Canada did granting assent by writing become effective?
Sentence: However, the act provides that a grant of royal assent is not rendered invalid by a failure to employ the traditional ceremony where required.
Question: What does the letter of the abbreviated notation for the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors represent?
Sentence: Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three numeric digits and a letter, where the digits indicate the capacitance in pF (calculated as XY × 10Z for digits XYZ) and the letter indicates the tolerance (J, K or M for ±5%, ±10% and ±20% respectively).
Question: What does the JK Bridge cross?
Sentence: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília.
Question: Chinese spoken in Wu was influenced by Chinese spoken where?
Sentence: The same may be said of Hokkien as well, since some lexical meaning evolved in step with Mandarin while others are wholly innovative developments.
Question: When did Geneva convert to Protestantism?
Sentence: The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant.
Question: When was Neptune first observed?
Sentence: Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier.
Question: What impressed Liu Bei so much about Nanjing?
Sentence: Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery.
Question: Who supposedly cancelled a trip to Beijing in protest?
Sentence: Chinese intelligence's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly 'vulnerable' to protesters were presented to the Indian ambassador to Beijing, Nirupama Sen.
Question: What country has many students that attend Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?
Sentence: Due to its proximity to the US border city of Messina the school has historically had a high ratio of US students.
Question: A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt?
Sentence: " As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
Question: What percentage of the children in Hyderabad city had basic vaccinations in 2005?
Sentence: Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut.:98
Question: What is the country called in sessions of the United Nations?
Sentence: Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.
Question: Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of what?
Sentence: Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of a renewable energy policy and these targets are usually defined as a percentage of the primary energy and/or electricity generation mix.
Question: Who is responsible for the legally-bound obligations of the parties to a treaty?
Sentence: A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally bind themselves.
Question: Capello resigned as England's football manager after a dispute over removing which player from team captaincy?
Sentence: In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player.
Question: What was the primary nature of Germany's interest in the Marshall Islands?
Sentence: During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau.
Question: What is the other superphylum besides protostomes?
Sentence: Bryzoa may be the most basal phylum (the one that first became distinctive) within the Lophotrochozoa, and the relationships between the other members are not yet known.
Question: The continuous back and forth regarding the decisions on patents was referred to as what?
Sentence: The injunction was later reversed by a Berlin judge, but that reversal was in turn blocked the same day by another judge from the same court, "bringing the Patent Wild West to Germany" in the words of one commentator.
Question: What did the Irish build during the Golden Age?
Sentence: As Europe, including Britain, descended into turmoil following the collapse of Roman civilisation, an era known as the Dark Ages, Ireland entered a golden age and responded with missions (first to Great Britain and then to the continent), the founding of monasteries and universities.
Question: How many dams were damaged?
Sentence: In total, 391 dams, most of them small, were reported damaged by the quake.
Question: Who won season eleven of American Idol?
Sentence: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor.
Question: What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople?
Sentence: In 330, after a period of civil war, Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) refounded the city of Byzantium as the newly renamed eastern capital, Constantinople.
Question: What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914?
Sentence: Von Braun, himself inspired by Goddard's work, was bemused by this when debriefed by his American handlers, asking them, "Why didn't you just ask Dr. Goddard?"[citation needed]
Question: How many factories were in Eritrea by 1939?
Sentence: In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens.
Question: Whose assumption of power ended the era of stagnation?
Sentence: Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation.
Question: Who did Babangida appoint as head of an interim government when he finally stepped down?
Sentence: After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992.
Question: What has the Mexican government promoted in some indigenous rural communities?
Sentence: The "General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples" grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico, regardless of the number of speakers, the same validity as Spanish in all territories in which they are spoken, and indigenous peoples are entitled to request some public services and documents in their native languages.
Question: When was Madonna's daughter born?
Sentence: On October 14, 1996, Madonna gave birth to Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, her daughter with Leon.
Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get?
Sentence: On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.
Question: How many districts is the island of Saint Helena divided into?
Sentence: The island is a single electoral area and elects twelve representatives to the Legislative Council of fifteen.
Question: Up until 2011, who manufactured sodium thiopental?
Sentence: In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume.
Question: What is the CIA's main focus?
Sentence: Though it is not the only U.S. government agency specializing in HUMINT, CIA serves as the national manager for coordination and deconfliction of HUMINT activities across the entire intelligence community.
Question: What did Nasser move to the canal zone?
Sentence: Following Nasser's acceptance, Israel agreed to a ceasefire and Nasser used the lull in fighting to move SAM missiles towards the canal zone.
Question: What percentage of voters voted against secession in Tennessee's February 1861 referendum?
Sentence: In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin.
Question: What eventually happened to Arius?
Sentence: It appears that Arius reproached Alexander for what he felt were misguided or heretical teachings being taught by the bishop.
Question: How much of Nigeria has HIV as of 2012?
Sentence: HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits.
Question: During what period was the importance of having an Italian national language raised?
Sentence: During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity.
Question: What is the name of the earliest medical document?
Sentence: Nevertheless, it applies the following components to the treatment of disease: examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, which display strong parallels to the basic empirical method of science and according to G. E. R. Lloyd played a significant role in the development of this methodology.
Question: Who banned Roman Catholicism in Japan?
Sentence: Today, Christians are referred to in Standard Japanese as キリスト教徒, Kirisuto-kyōto or the English-derived term クリスチャン kurisuchan.
Question: What papers reported on this incident?
Sentence: However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies.
Question: What rules did Ottoman prose have to follow?
Sentence: A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a string of words, such as a sentence, there must be a rhyme.
Question: Where did Braque and Gris stay until the end of the World War I?
Sentence: Picasso worked in Montmartre until 1912, while Braque and Gris remained there until after the First World War.
Question: Who did the Spanish want to take José Manuel González-Páramo's seat on the board?
Sentence: José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012.
Question: Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk?
Sentence: Some qualities of adolescents' lives that are often correlated with risky sexual behavior include higher rates of experienced abuse, lower rates of parental support and monitoring.
Question: What insect provides a tangible economic benefit via the production of silk?
Sentence: Silkworms and bees have been used extensively by humans for the production of silk and honey, respectively.
Question: What was the profession of Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster?
Sentence: In the last two decades of the 18th century, the theory of polygenism, the belief that different races had evolved separately in each continent and shared no common ancestor, was advocated in England by historian Edward Long and anatomist Charles White, in Germany by ethnographers Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster, and in France by Julien-Joseph Virey.
Question: The pleura is made of how many lateral regions?
Sentence: The dorsal surface is called the tergum (or notum) to distinguish it from the abdominal terga.