xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: The Abbasid army replaced Iranian and Arabic men with Turkic tribesmen as what element in their army?
Sentence: Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army.
Question: Why might one want to discover when consulting a sangoma in Swaziland?
Sentence: At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing.
Question: Why did Chesapeake Bay colonists begin to buy slaves?
Sentence: In the 17th century, faced with a continuing, critical labor shortage, colonists primarily in the Chesapeake Bay Colony, imported Africans as laborers, sometimes as indentured servants and, increasingly, as slaves.
Question: What are the four bases used in nucleotide subunits?
Sentence: The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Question: What is the government called in the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia?
Sentence: The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft.
Question: What was one requirement issue with discs popular in Britain?
Sentence: Eight-inch discs with a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) label became popular for about a decade in Britain, but they cannot be played in full on most modern record players because the tone arm cannot play far enough in toward the center without modification of the equipment.
Question: Who took control when Doson died?
Sentence: Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought the latest war between Macedon and the Greek leagues (the social war 220-217) to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum.
Question: What did the author of "The Essence of Christianity" consider religion to be?
Sentence: Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx.
Question: What is Sacks' career?
Sentence: Penny Marshall's 1990 film Awakenings, which was nominated for several Oscars, is based on neurologist Oliver Sacks' 1973 account of his psychiatric patients at Beth Abraham Hospital in the Bronx who were paralyzed by a form of encephalitis but briefly responded to the drug L-dopa.
Question: What did Gunnar Myrdal call Hayek?
Sentence: When, in 1974, he shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with Gunnar Myrdal, the latter complained about being paired with an "ideologue".
Question: This group wanted accountability for what 1989 event?
Sentence: They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong.
Question: What what was the name of the subsidiary working in Germany during World War 2?
Sentence: In 1947, IBM opened its first office in Bahrain, as well as an office in Saudi Arabia to service the needs of the Arabian-American Oil Company that would grow to become Saudi Business Machines (SBM).
Question: When did the financial crisis appear to have ended?
Sentence: The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time.
Question: How many languages has the book been translated into?
Sentence: One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages.
Question: Justice Secretary Jack Straw ended the Masonic disclosure law on what grounds?
Sentence: Straw stated that the rule was considered disproportionate, since no impropriety or malpractice had been shown as a result of judges being Freemasons.
Question: When did Philip Morris' R&D facility open?
Sentence: Philip Morris USA opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park in 2007.
Question: What are some examples of non-bilaterian animals?
Sentence: Traditional morphological and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis have both recognized a major evolutionary transition from "non-bilaterian" animals, which are those lacking a bilaterally symmetric body plan (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa), to "bilaterian" animals (Bilateria) whose body plans display bilateral symmetry.
Question: Why was dBASE unique?
Sentence: C. Wayne Ratliff the creator of dBASE stated: "dBASE was different from programs like BASIC, C, FORTRAN, and COBOL in that a lot of the dirty work had already been done.
Question: What is the name of Comcast's channel available to subscribers in east coast markets?
Sentence: The other partners in the project were New York Mets and Time Warner Cable.
Question: Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing?
Sentence: Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves.
Question: White clam pie is found in what district of New Haven?
Sentence: New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world.
Question: What is the theory called dealing with the transfer of Sanskrit to India?
Sentence: Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.
Question: The Quran is used in the interpretation of which form of law?
Sentence: The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance.
Question: When did Microsoft release the beta version of Windows 8.1?
Sentence: An upgrade to Windows 8 known as Windows 8.1 was officially announced by Microsoft on May 14, 2013.
Question: Who wrote Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books?
Sentence: Sir Richard Blackmore committed the Newtonian system to verse in Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books (1712).
Question: What did France sign instead of joining the Commonwealth?
Sentence: The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union.
Question: The last census in Mexico that asked for race was carried out in which year?
Sentence: The last census in Mexico that asked for an individual's race, which was taken in 1921, indicated that 50.09% of the population identified as Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European descent).
Question: What was the name of the first song released by David Cook after winning American Idol?
Sentence: The American Idol Songwriter contest was also held this season.
Question: What kind of audio can a sophisticated MP3 encoder produce?
Sentence: MPEG audio may use bitrate switching on a per-frame basis, but only layer III decoders must support it.
Question: What things show Corks diverse culural background?
Sentence: Cork also features various Christian churches, as well as a mosque.
Question: What English organization did John Williams belong to?
Sentence: According to Barbara A. West, "The Samoans were also known to engage in ‘headhunting', a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give to his leader, thus proving his bravery."
Question: What does AHRA stand for?
Sentence: These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA).
Question: What country was Queen Victoria's manservant with whom she was rumored to have a romantic interest?
Sentence: Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown.
Question: Where has there been a rise of indigenous movements in recent years?
Sentence: In recent years, there has been a rise of indigenous movements in the Americas (mainly South America).
Question: Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past?
Sentence: Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent past include some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Aché), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples.
Question: Which orthodox Hindu philosophy concerns realism?
Sentence: Hindu philosophy also includes several sub-schools of theistic philosophies that integrate ideas from two or more of the six orthodox philosophies, such as the realism of the Nyāya, the naturalism of the Vaiśeṣika, the dualism of the Sāṅkhya, the monism and knowledge of Self as essential to liberation of Advaita, the self-discipline of yoga and the asceticism and elements of theistic ideas.
Question: During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power?
Sentence: Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions.
Question: What happened to Peter Stahl when he fell asleep flying?
Sentence: He fell asleep at the controls of his Ju 88 and woke up to discover the entire crew asleep.
Question: Who published a book about worms in 1881?
Sentence: Charles Darwin's book The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (1881) presented the first scientific analysis of earthworms' contributions to soil fertility.
Question: Who is responsible for the Census Bureau discarding the mulatto category?
Sentence: The first year in which the U.S. Census dropped the mulatto category was 1920; that year enumerators were instructed to classify people in a binary way as white or black.
Question: Along with Roger Miller and Barbra Streisand, who was a successful Easy Listening artist in this era?
Sentence: As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the early half of the 1960s.
Question: As of 2011, how many people live in the Marshall Islands?
Sentence: About 27,797 of the islanders (at the 2011 Census) live on Majuro, which contains the capital.
Question: When did the long-lasting bulb in Texas begin continuing illumination?
Sentence: A similar story can be told of a 40-watt bulb in Texas that has been illuminated since 21 September 1908.
Question: The Delhi Flying Club was established in what year?
Sentence: The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India.
Question: What organization did the new county council share governance of Southampton with?
Sentence: There is a great source of confusion in the fact that the ancient shire county, along with its associated assizes, was known as the County of Southampton or Southamptonshire.
Question: What is the acronym used to describe resistant TB?
Sentence: Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled.
Question: What did the hacker use to acquire the software?
Sentence: The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"".
Question: What group manages the Frankfurt Airport?
Sentence: Most of the world's airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies who then lease the airport to private corporations who oversee the airport's operation.
Question: What was the title of the leader of a monastery?
Sentence: Benedict of Nursia (d. 547) wrote the Benedictine Rule for Western monasticism during the 6th century, detailing the administrative and spiritual responsibilities of a community of monks led by an abbot.
Question: The American Declaration of Independence is similar to what?
Sentence: Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
Question: What is particle gas dynamics?
Sentence: This vacuum state is called high vacuum, and the study of fluid flows in this regime is called particle gas dynamics.
Question: When did Galle discover Neptune?
Sentence: On the evening of 23 September 1846, the day Galle received the letter, he discovered Neptune within 1° of where Le Verrier had predicted it to be, about 12° from Adams' prediction.
Question: Decoders are usually compared by examining which factor?
Sentence: Therefore, comparison of decoders is usually based on how computationally efficient they are (i.e., how much memory or CPU time they use in the decoding process).
Question: What were taxpayers free to do after they paid the Duke of York his local tax?
Sentence: He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to choose their own church.
Question: Where was Julia Tuttle born?
Sentence: Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a railroad tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami.
Question: When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people?
Sentence: This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.
Question: Who banned Saurez for four months after he bit another player?
Sentence: Two days later, it was announced that Luis Enrique would return to Barcelona as head coach, after he agreed to a two-year deal.
Question: What company worked with Kanye in 2009 to create his own shoe line?
Sentence: In 2009, West collaborated with Nike to release his own shoe, the Air Yeezys, with a second version released in 2012.
Question: What are the heads of government in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland called?
Sentence: In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister.
Question: During what war the the USAF establish a new career field for piloting UAVs and drones?
Sentence: Cultural and career issues in the U.S. Air Force have been cited as one of the reasons for the shortfall in needed UAV operators.
Question: How many Lenape lived in the area in 1700?
Sentence: Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670.
Question: What wars took place during the late 18th century and early 19th century?
Sentence: During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century, Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys.
Question: Who was the final Commander-in-chief of the Mughal army?
Sentence: In 1737, in the final defeat of Mughal Empire, the commander-in-chief of the Mughal Army, Nizam-ul-mulk, was routed at Bhopal by the Maratha army.
Question: What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water?
Sentence: Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water.
Question: Did the CIA confirm knowledge of Gaddafi's upcoming coup?:
Sentence: Although claims have been made that they knew of Gaddafi's Free Officers Movement, they have since claimed ignorance, stating that they were monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group.
Question: Where were dead Sumerians buried?
Sentence: Human sacrifice was found in the death pits at the Ur royal cemetery where Queen Puabi was accompanied in death by her servants.
Question: Who were the first men to make large contributions to international law?
Sentence: The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist.
Question: Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim?
Sentence: Among Christians, the Pew Research survey found that 74% were Protestant, 25% were Catholic, and 1% belonged to other Christian denominations, including a small Orthodox Christian community.
Question: What was the determination of the referendum?
Sentence: As a consequence of the referendum, separation occurred in two stages.
Question: Name two smaller Lutheran church bodies.
Sentence: The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represents over 72 million people.
Question: What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a short distance?
Sentence: Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance.
Question: Who founded Australia's liberal party?
Sentence: However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist.
Question: Where did Bell and his wife go on their honeymoon?
Sentence: Shortly thereafter, the newlyweds embarked on a year-long honeymoon in Europe.
Question: How much help did the Seven Nations give the French in the Ohio Valley?
Sentence: The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war.
Question: What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609?
Sentence: In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company.
Question: Up to how many cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day in Melbourne?
Sentence: Up to 350,000 cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day.
Question: What does UTF-8 use in terms of bytes?
Sentence: UCS-2 uses a 16-bit code unit (two 8-bit bytes) for each character but cannot encode every character in the current Unicode standard.
Question: The true diversity within the insect species remains what?
Sentence: This probably represents less than 20% of all species on Earth[citation needed], and with only about 20,000 new species of all organisms being described each year, most species likely will remain undescribed for many years unless species descriptions increase in rate.
Question: What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse?
Sentence: This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history.
Question: The smaller German states joined which side?
Sentence: The Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states (especially Hanover).
Question: Where were the Zapatist forces from?
Sentence: Zapatist forces, which were based in neighboring Morelos had strengths in the southern edge of the Federal District, which included Xochimilco, Tlalpan, Tláhuac and Milpa Alta to fight against the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and Venustiano Carranza.
Question: What year did the Ba'ath Party make Freemasonry a felony?
Sentence: For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including Freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations".
Question: Who did Hellenistic poets wish to court?
Sentence: Hellenistic poets now sought patronage from kings, and wrote works in their honor.
Question: How many islands are along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang?
Sentence: There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang.
Question: Where was the Dome of the Rock built?
Sentence: This had led some historians, both medieval and modern, to suggest that the Dome of the Rock was built as a destination for pilgrimage to rival the Kaaba, which was under the control of Ibn al-Zubayr.
Question: When was the station renamed to it's modern name?
Sentence: The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an occasional short news programme which was then played to students by simply moving the VTR and a monitor into a common room.
Question: What special designation does Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs possess?
Sentence: Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology.
Question: What church's religion does 19.4% of the Samoan population practice?
Sentence: Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, Mormon 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate).
Question: What made Arius's belief about Jesus different from Alexander's?
Sentence: He embraced a subordinationist Christology which taught that Christ was the divine Son (Logos) of God, made, not begotten, heavily influenced by Alexandrian thinkers like Origen, and which was a common Christological view in Alexandria at the time.
Question: The government wanted Nanjing to be what kind of industrial city?
Sentence: Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, the government also made many disastrous mistakes during development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in negative economic growth in the late 1960s.
Question: When did Tribhuvan die?
Sentence: Like the Tribhuvan Museum, it includes his personal belongings such as decorations, stamps, coins and personal notes and manuscripts, but it also has structural reconstructions of his cabinet room and office chamber.
Question: ISO 9050 relates to standards for what?
Sentence: The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment.
Question: About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?
Sentence: Around three quarters of the staff work in the field.
Question: In what year was the Medal of the Order of the British Empire established?
Sentence: At the foundation of the Order, the "Medal of the Order of the British Empire" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership.
Question: What city did William Eaton capture to end the first Barbary War?
Sentence: In 1805, after William Eaton captured the city of Derna, Tripoli agreed to a peace treaty.
Question: What groups remain today?
Sentence: Today only a few groups remain: Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine (founded in 1904) in Antwerp, Brasschaats mandoline orkest in Brasschaat and an orchestra in Mons (Bergen).
Question: Who was Robert Gates?
Sentence: On 5 June 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, accepted the resignations of both the Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Wynne, and the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General T. Michael Moseley.
Question: What is one example of what the signaling plane controls in a videoconferencing system?
Sentence: While the MC controls resources and signaling negotiations, the MP operates on the media plane and receives media from each endpoint.
Question: How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the 11 year violence in 1963?
Sentence: In 1963, the 11-year intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots started, which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic.
Question: Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in secondary school?
Sentence: From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done.