xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: After Planck's findings, what was determined could not take on an arbitrary value?
Sentence: Eventually, following upon Planck's discovery, it was recognized that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value.
Question: Who was the CEO in 1914?
Sentence: In 1924 the Quarter Century Club, which recognizes employees with 25 years of service, was organized and the first issue of Business Machines, IBM's internal publication, was published.
Question: At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at?
Sentence: Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama.
Question: What interface type did the original Macintosh include?
Sentence: This first model was later renamed to "Macintosh 128k" for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture.
Question: In what year was the French term Lumieres first used?
Sentence: The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term 'Lumières' (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751).
Question: How many times was Schwarzenegger awarded the Mr. Olympia title?
Sentence: Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport.
Question: What triggered the Tientsin Massacre?
Sentence: The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tientsin Massacre of 1870, which was incited by the murder of French nuns set off by the belligerence of local French diplomats.
Question: What colleague of Democritus, also a Greek philosopher, helped him propose the particulate theory of matter?
Sentence: The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).
Question: What is often related to hunting?
Sentence: On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot.
Question: Where was the city originally located?
Sentence: By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census.
Question: When did Green make a deal to shore up the starting rotation?
Sentence: Joe Carter (who was with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs at the time) and center fielder Mel Hall were sent to Cleveland for Sutcliffe and back-up catcher Ron Hassey (.333 with Cubs in 1984).
Question: What is the meaning of the term Kurdus in English?
Sentence: The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads.
Question: How many marks did the church lose?
Sentence: John simply tightened his existing measures and accrued significant sums from the income of vacant sees and abbeys: one 1213 estimate, for example, suggested the church had lost an estimated 100,000 marks (equivalent to £66,666 at the time) to John.
Question: Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?
Sentence: The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%.
Question: What is the first step in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education?
Sentence: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters.
Question: What type of media was included with purchase of the U2 version of the iPod?
Sentence: Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black).
Question: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?
Sentence: However, the United States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries.
Question: What section of the Endangered Species Act establishes critical habitat regulations?
Sentence: The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species.
Question: Did Bortolazzi like playing the new wire strung mandolins?
Sentence: , Bartolomeo Bortolazzi popularised the Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached.
Question: In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?
Sentence: It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France.
Question: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?
Sentence: The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world.
Question: What drug does Nigeria ship from Asia to Europe and America?
Sentence: Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. .
Question: What do some news commentators claim is violated by the restricted immigration proposal?
Sentence: On 9 February 2014, Swiss voters narrowly approved by 50.3% a ballot initiative launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration, and thus reintroducing a quota system on the influx of foreigners.
Question: What was the time span of the Roman Republic?
Sentence: During the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), the same men who were elected public officials might also serve as augurs and pontiffs.
Question: What is the European equivalent of "Qi"?
Sentence: About the same time in Italy, Alcmaeon of Croton (a Greek) wrote of the importance of equilibrium between what goes in and what goes out, and warned that imbalance would result disease marked by obesity or emaciation.
Question: What was the name of Throbbing Gristle's record label?
Sentence: The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role.
Question: The term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to what in modern languages?
Sentence: In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks.
Question: Who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance?
Sentence: Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids.
Question: Napoleon was elected Emperor of the French by more than what percentage of voters?
Sentence: As with the Life Consulate two years earlier, this referendum produced heavy participation, bringing out almost 3.6 million voters to the polls.
Question: How many people are employed at AP-HP?
Sentence: Health care and emergency medical service in the city of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals.
Question: What sitcom did the Archie Bunker character feature in?
Sentence: The character Archie Bunker from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family (played by Carroll O'Connor) was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech, which continues to fade in its overall presence.
Question: Why did the Old Guard say Eisenhower should void the Yalta Agreements?
Sentence: At this time Eisenhower gave his Chance for Peace speech in which he attempted, unsuccessfully, to forestall the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union by suggesting multiple opportunities presented by peaceful uses of nuclear materials.
Question: When was a demonstration by Henry Babbage of the mill given?
Sentence: The machine was about a century ahead of its time.
Question: What is the limestone cap of the seamount made from?
Sentence: The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two hundred square miles.
Question: Most courtship displays involve some type of what?
Sentence: Breeding usually involves some form of courtship display, typically performed by the male.
Question: What is charged at KU's specialized professional schools?
Sentence: Beginning in the 2007–2008 academic year, first-time freshman at KU pay a fixed tuition rate for 48 months according to the Four-Year Tuition Compact passed by the Kansas Board of Regents.
Question: What type of people was the new paper supposed to attract?
Sentence: Its initial print run of 3.5 million was attributed to 'curiosity' and the 'advantage of novelty', and had declined to the previous circulation of the Daily Herald (1.2 million) within a few weeks.
Question: Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and peaks in the Pennine Alps cosist of what?
Sentence: Peaks such as Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Briançonnais, and Hohe Tauern consist of layers of rock from the various orogenies including exposures of basement rock.
Question: Where was the Macintosh 128K manufactured?
Sentence: The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in Fremont, California—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December.
Question: Whose earlier work did Nicholas Vavilov build upon?
Sentence: Building on the extensive earlier work of Alphonse de Candolle, Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943) produced accounts of the biogeography, centres of origin, and evolutionary history of economic plants.
Question: What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?
Sentence: The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia.
Question: What is the male who is father of the pups called?
Sentence: The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam.
Question: What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?
Sentence: Such wood derivatives are widely used: wood fibers are an important component of most paper, and cellulose is used as a component of some synthetic materials.
Question: What type of degree is an M.Div.?
Sentence: The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees.
Question: Opera is also available on which video game console?
Sentence: Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones.
Question: What type of producer was Martin Hannett?
Sentence: The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role.
Question: What is a Pirani gauge sensitive to?
Sentence: These gauges are accurate from 10 torr to 10−3 torr, but they are sensitive to the chemical composition of the gases being measured.
Question: Who designed MP3?
Sentence: MP3 was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as part of its MPEG-1 standard and later extended in the MPEG-2 standard.
Question: What illnesses did Gaddafi claim would afflict invading colonialists?
Sentence: Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness".
Question: How many people did Ireland lose to the potato blight?
Sentence: In the next four years over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine.
Question: What move did Tazz make popular?
Sentence: A wrestler with a signature submission technique is portrayed as better at applying the hold, making it more painful or more difficult to get out of than others who use it, or can be falsely credited as inventing the hold (such as when Tazz popularized the kata ha jime judo choke in pro wrestling as the "Tazzmission").
Question: What is the highest street number in the Bronx?
Sentence: However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street.
Question: What is a representation of Mary at the Crucifixion called?
Sentence: Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40.
Question: Who did Songtsan Gampo marry in 640?
Sentence: In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Question: What year was the Opium war?
Sentence: After the Opium War in 1842, Xiamen (Amoy) became one of the major treaty ports to be opened for trade with the outside world.
Question: What year did Victoria's second son Alfred die?
Sentence: In July, her second son Alfred ("Affie") died; "Oh, God!
Question: What two points did he write about?
Sentence: To do so, the cause must be an existing thing and coexist with its effect.
Question: What consists of 25 pigmented squares touching a plate below a phosphorescent tablet under the light of a burning Magnesium ribbon?
Sentence: The Warnerke Standard Sensitometer consisted of a frame holding an opaque screen with an array of typically 25 numbered, gradually pigmented squares brought into contact with the photographic plate during a timed test exposure under a phosphorescent tablet excited before by the light of a burning Magnesium ribbon.
Question: Who designed MP3?
Sentence: The first subgroup for audio was formed by several teams of engineers at Fraunhofer IIS, University of Hannover, AT&T-Bell Labs, Thomson-Brandt, CCETT, and others.
Question: Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian?
Sentence: Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian.
Question: What does LIFE project stand for?
Sentence: The Ministry of Environment and Tourism with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, WWF, and Canadian Ambassador's Fund, together form a Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) support structure.
Question: Who did Kangxi fight?
Sentence: To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia.
Question: What does Utrecht's economy  depend on
Sentence: Production industry constitutes a small part of the economy of Utrecht.
Question: Who is in the executive branch?
Sentence: The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials.
Question: Travelling to work has been observed to be about how long for a large number of cities over a long period?
Sentence: The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.).
Question: How much water is contained in Shockoe Retention Basin?
Sentence: This plant can treat up to 70 million gallons of water per day of sanitary sewage and stormwater before returning it to the river.
Question: What did she agree to do for 50 million dollars in 2012?
Sentence: In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi.
Question: What is the one-party system often compared with?
Sentence: The one-party system is thus usually equated with dictatorships and tyranny.
Question: How many more bridges have been built since the first one was completed?
Sentence: The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise.
Question: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?
Sentence: The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used.
Question: Dogs are  very well attuned to what other species' behaviors?
Sentence: As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans.
Question: When did Alexis Phifer and Kanye West get engaged?
Sentence: West began an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006.
Question: How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?
Sentence: The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.
Question: Which Russian was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?
Sentence: Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands.
Question: What institution controls BYU?
Sentence: The university also administers two satellite campuses, one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City, while its parent organization, the Church Educational System (CES), sponsors sister schools in Hawaii and Idaho.
Question: Who commissioned the Joe Luis memorial?
Sentence: A memorial to Joe Louis at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues was dedicated on October 16, 1986.
Question: What varies greatly?
Sentence: The use of traditional Chinese characters versus simplified Chinese characters varies greatly, and can depend on both the local customs and the medium.
Question: What was the Kennedy half dollar replaced with?
Sentence: From 1965 to 1970 the Kennedy half dollar was the only circulating coin with any silver content, which was removed in 1971 and replaced with cupronickel.
Question: What US Chief of Staff of the US Air Force also resigned in June of 2008?
Sentence: On 5 June 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, accepted the resignations of both the Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Wynne, and the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General T. Michael Moseley.
Question: How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration?
Sentence: Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari.
Question: Works from the Golden Age of music matches action to what?
Sentence: Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?.
Question: What political movement was Paul VI criticized for having a relationship with?
Sentence: Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful.
Question: Which movie was a modern version of Thunderball?
Sentence: This enabled him to become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball—with Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman as executive producers—and the non-Eon film Never Say Never Again, an updated remake of Thunderball, in 1983.[N 3] A second remake, entitled Warhead 2000 A.D., was planned for production and release in the 1990s before being abandoned.
Question: What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit?
Sentence: Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion.
Question: What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child?
Sentence: Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous.
Question: who were the european electronica artists that inspired detroit techno?
Sentence: This sound, also influenced by European electronica (Kraftwerk, Art of Noise), Japanese synthpop (Yellow Magic Orchestra), early B-boy Hip-Hop (Man Parrish, Soul Sonic Force) and Italo disco (Doctor's Cat, Ris, Klein M.B.O.), was further pioneered by Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson, the "godfathers" of Detroit Techno.[citation needed]
Question: What was the initial purpose of the BitTorrent protocol?
Sentence: The BitTorrent protocol established an entirely decentralised network architecture in order to distribute large files effectively.
Question: What is the name of the Libyan leader opposed by US and UN forces?
Sentence: Throughout the conflict however, the U.S. maintained it was playing a supporting role only and was following the UN mandate to protect civilians, while the real conflict was between Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him.
Question: Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper?
Sentence: Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it.
Question: The new Iranian government purged itself of what political opposition?
Sentence: The new government went about purging itself of the non-Islamist political opposition.
Question: When did Panama's Department stores first start?
Sentence: All the others have either folded or declined although Cocos has managed to secure a good position in the market.
Question: How many species of fungi have been found on Antarctica?
Sentence: Some of these fungi are also apparently endemic to Antarctica.
Question: Since what year has production of solar cells in China expanded 100-fold?
Sentence: As Chinese renewable manufacturing has grown, the costs of renewable energy technologies have dropped.
Question: Who ordered research on the Herald?
Sentence: Research commissioned by Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University, The Newspaper Reading Public of Tomorrow, identified demographic changes which suggested reasons why the Herald might be in decline.
Question: What favorable developments occurred for Prussia in Hanover?
Sentence: Over the winter the new commander of the Hanoverian forces, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, regrouped his army and launched a series of offensives that drove the French back across the River Rhine.
Question: what was the  highest rank an Indian could be in the EIC army
Sentence: Promotion for both British and Indian soldiers was strictly by seniority, so Indian soldiers rarely reached the commissioned ranks of Jamadar or Subadar before they were middle aged at best.
Question: Did he think that the people that had exiled him were true believers?
Sentence: They are, it is true, in the places, but outside of the true Faith; while you are outside the places indeed, but the Faith, within you.
Question: What year did Mt St. Helens erupt causing devastating damage?
Sentence: There has not been a major life-threatening eruption on the Hawaiian islands since the 17th century.
Question: What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson?
Sentence: Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day.