xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: The present-day population of Ashkenazi Jews is thought to be between which two numbers?
Sentence: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews.
Question: Which factors concerning the Good Friday earthquake do some believe caused a higher survival rate?
Sentence: It was the second-most-powerful earthquake in the recorded history of the world, with a moment magnitude of 9.2.
Question: Who were the main competitors that  had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?
Sentence: In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade.
Question: What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa?
Sentence: Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died.
Question: What was key factor did the Prussian General Staff study?
Sentence: The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school.
Question: How much of the rainforest remains in Norfolk Island today?
Sentence: The Norfolk Island palm (Rhopalostylis baueri) and the smooth tree-fern (Cyathea brownii), the tallest tree-fern in the world, are common in the Norfolk Island National Park but rare elsewhere on the island.
Question: Who did Turner ink a deal with to distribute Warner Bros. films from before 1950?
Sentence: Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT – along with colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon.
Question: Who was the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain?
Sentence: In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit.
Question: The ideals of the Enlightenment were incorporated into which two United States documents?
Sentence: The Americans Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson came to Europe during the period and contributed actively to the scientific and political debate, and the ideals of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the United States Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.
Question: What wheelchair-bound bearer of the Olympic torch displayed a Tibetan flag?
Sentence: Two torchbearers carried the flame running slowly behind a truck and surrounded by Olympic security guards.
Question: What was the name of the new link between India and China by land?
Sentence: The American General Joseph Stilwell, who also was deputy commander to Mountbatten and commanded U.S. forces in the China Burma India Theater, directed aid to China and prepared to construct the Ledo Road to link India and China by land.
Question: What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?
Sentence: Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek.
Question: What percentage of people who've had upper limbs amputated feel phantom pain?
Sentence: The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%.
Question: How did the French assist against the rebels?
Sentence: In November 2006, Bozizé's government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country's northern regions.
Question: Where do archeologists believe that alchemy was first practiced?
Sentence: The Baghdad Battery, with copper cylinders soldered to lead, dates back to 248 BC to AD 226 and resembles a galvanic cell, leading people to believe this was the first battery; the claim has not been verified.
Question: Who took control of Egypt in 525 BC?
Sentence: In 525 BC, the powerful Achaemenid Persians, led by Cambyses II, began their conquest of Egypt, eventually capturing the pharaoh Psamtik III at the battle of Pelusium.
Question: How many people at the last census were under 18?
Sentence: Philadelphia's death rate was at its lowest in at least a half-century, 13,691 deaths in 2013.
Question: What force used Sunderland flying boats out of Devonport?
Sentence: This was largely due to Plymouth's status as a major port Charles Church was hit by incendiary bombs and partially destroyed in 1941 during the Blitz, but has not been demolished, as it is now an official permanent monument to the bombing of Plymouth during World War II.
Question: What was the first novel published under this deal?
Sentence: Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America:
Question: Who was allowed to wear feather cloaks and palaoa in old school Hawaiian society?
Sentence: In China, before establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow.
Question: What cannot travel on Downtown Miami streets during "Bike Miami"?
Sentence: The city has begun construction of bike routes as of late 2009, and ordinances requiring bike parking in all future construction in the city became mandatory as of October 2009.
Question: Animals that consume parts of their prey are considered to be
Sentence: Grazing organisms may also kill their prey species, but this is seldom the case.
Question: Where does Oklahoma rank by land area?
Sentence: It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.
Question: How many people died on the first German raid on London?
Sentence: The first German raid on London, on 7 September 1940, killed about one thousand civilians, mostly in the East End.
Question: How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average?
Sentence: Murder is rare, and robberies are about 1/10 the national average.
Question: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium?
Sentence: The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing.
Question: What younger sister of Beyonce also appeared in Destiny's Child?
Sentence: Beyoncé's name is a tribute to her mother's maiden name.
Question: What are some consequences of the investments
Sentence: First, sub-Saharan Africa already suffered from a shortage of primary doctors before the arrival of the Gates Foundation, but "by pouring most contributions into the fight against such high-profile killers as AIDS, Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa.
Question: What type of highways let commuters get to cities fast?
Sentence: He, Ning–Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, and other important cities quickly and conveniently.
Question: What percentage of Smartphone users use the youtube app?
Sentence: According to GlobalWebIndex, YouTube was used by 35% of smartphone users between April and June 2013, making it the third most used app.
Question: What is its largest island?
Sentence: Located in the North-West of the Iberian Peninsula, it comprises the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra, being bordered by Portugal to the south, the Spanish autonomous communities of Castile and León and Asturias to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the north.
Question: Who chastis Scout for the way she dresse and accuses her of ruining her family name?
Sentence: Scout's primary identification with her father and older brother allows her to describe the variety and depth of female characters in the novel both as one of them and as an outsider.
Question: How many down-ballot candidates did Kerry help support?
Sentence: Kerry established a separate political action committee, Keeping America's Promise, which declared as its mandate "A Democratic Congress will restore accountability to Washington and help change a disastrous course in Iraq", and raised money and channeled contributions to Democratic candidates in state and federal races.
Question: What opposition movement was based in Arabia and Basra?
Sentence: Following the death of Husayn, Ibn al-Zubayr, although remaining in Mecca, was associated with two opposition movements, one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia.
Question: What type of words are used to do sound effects in comics?
Sentence: Speech balloons themselves are strongly associated with comics, such that the addition of one to an image is sufficient to turn the image into comics.
Question: How does the 360 S then react to an overheating situation?
Sentence: The newer Xbox 360 S model indicates system overheating when the console's power button begins to flash red, unlike previous models where the first and third quadrant of the ring would light up red around the power button if overheating occurred.
Question: Who authored Whitehead's biography that is considered to be the most reliable description of Whitehead's life?
Sentence: Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life.
Question: In 2013, on what day were Arena Football League games usually broadcast on CBS Sports Network?
Sentence: For the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network.
Question: How does a CCA impact unlisted species?
Sentence: The Candidate Conservation Agreement is closely related to the "Safe Harbor" agreement, the main difference is that the Candidate Conservation Agreements With Assurances(CCA) are meant to protect unlisted species by providing incentives to private landowners and land managing agencies to restore, enhance or maintain habitat of unlisted species which are declining and have the potential to become threatened or endangered if critical habitat is not protected.
Question: What is necessary to stabilize the low oxidation state of zinc(l) compounds?
Sentence: Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds.
Question: Who was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy?
Sentence: As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois.
Question: What does OKL stand for?
Sentence: The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL).
Question: What ranking in the country does Greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?
Sentence: Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.
Question: Who commanded the Union armies during the Seven Days Battles?
Sentence: The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862, during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond but ultimately failed.
Question: What were the early concerns for the field of Sociology culture?
Sentence: For instance, relationships between popular culture, political control, and social class were early and lasting concerns in the field.
Question: Who had been leading the French forces?
Sentence: The distance of the French forces and their allies allowed the Ministry of War, led by General Negrete, to reorganize the state's national guard into the Patriotic Battalion of Chihuahua, which was deployed to fight in the battle of Matamoros, Tamaulipas against the French.
Question: What was ether originally thought to be made of?
Sentence: While outer space provides the most rarefied example of a naturally occurring partial vacuum, the heavens were originally thought to be seamlessly filled by a rigid indestructible material called aether.
Question: According to the Maplecroft Child Labour Index how many countries post risks for child labour?
Sentence: Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide.
Question: By what year had all of the pirates in the NC Province been captured or killed?
Sentence: Pirates menaced the coastal settlements, but by 1718 the pirates had been captured and killed.
Question: Who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was a permanent principle of mathematics?
Sentence: This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics.
Question: Until what day is the Quran believed to be in effect?
Sentence: The concept of inimitability originates in the Quran where in five different verses opponents are challenged to produce something like the Quran: "If men and sprites banded together to produce the like of this Quran they would never produce its like not though they backed one another."
Question: Timing and pace of comics is made by adjusting size, shape and what of panels?
Sentence: The size, shape, and arrangement of panels each affect the timing and pacing of the narrative.
Question: What do the ribbons on the trophy mean?
Sentence: Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season.
Question: At what event did the major Allied powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?
Sentence: The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was precipitated by the rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe as the Great Powers took up sides.
Question: What is another name for the Confederacy's executive mansion?
Sentence: The Confederate Congress shared quarters with the Virginia General Assembly in the Virginia State Capitol, with the Confederacy's executive mansion, the "White House of the Confederacy", located two blocks away.
Question: What are cilia?
Sentence: Many annelids move by peristalsis (waves of contraction and expansion that sweep along the body), or flex the body while using parapodia to crawl or swim.
Question: Who assists the FBI director?
Sentence: Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who in turn reports to the President.
Question: What was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn's Japanese name?
Sentence: Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Question: What is the city's sole fresh water river?
Sentence: The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.
Question: What is the main principle of lectio brevior?
Sentence: The first is the general observation that scribes tended to add words, for clarification or out of habit, more often than they removed them.
Question: How did the Egyptian press react to Nasser's accomplishments?
Sentence: Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Egypt on 2 May and was widely heralded in the press for his achievements and leadership in the conference.
Question: Who led the final government of the RSFSR?
Sentence: The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991).
Question: Who earned an Academy Award for the song "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later?"
Sentence: Rolling Stone called it an "elaborately choreographed, sexually provocative extravaganza" and proclaimed it "the best tour of 1990".
Question: In what borough did the Stonewall riots happen?
Sentence: The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.
Question: How many routes does Nanjing's airport run?
Sentence: The airport is connected by a 29-kilometre (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities.
Question: Who was one early naysayer of Humanism?
Sentence: Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental "slop" (
Question: In what country was the trading base for the Dutch?
Sentence: The British—who set up a trading post in the west coast port of Surat in 1619—and the French.
Question: How many people are in the original Digimon?
Sentence: Its premise is a group of 7 kids who, while at summer camp, travel to the Digital World, inhabited by creatures known as Digital Monsters, or Digimon, learning they are chosen to be "DigiDestined" ("Chosen Children" in the Japanese version) to save both the Digital and Real World from evil.
Question: Akkadian's language can be traced to the Semitic branch of what languages?
Sentence: The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages.
Question: What was the Grand Council?
Sentence: The core institution of the inner court was the Grand Council.[g]
Question: How long does it usually take to be promoted from second to first lieutenant in the USAF?
Sentence: DOPMA also establishes limits on the number of officers that can serve at any given time in the Air Force.
Question: What is Harper Lee's hometown?
Sentence: In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one "every adult should read before they die".
Question: What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south?
Sentence: The effect of mountain chains on prevailing winds is to carry warm air belonging to the lower region into an upper zone, where it expands in volume at the cost of a proportionate loss of temperature, often accompanied by precipitation in the form of snow or rain.
Question: What years did hunting decline?
Sentence: Overall, in the 1996–2006 period, the number of hunters over the age of sixteen declined by ten percent, a drop attributable to a number of factors including habitat loss and changes in recreation habits.
Question: When were the surface-to-air missile systems introduced?
Sentence: Artillery weapons of this sort have for the most part been superseded by the effective surface-to-air missile systems that were introduced in the 1950s, although they were still retained by many nations.
Question: What government body advises the president on appointing a Lieutenant Governor?
Sentence: The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers.
Question: Which island is part of Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park?
Sentence: Together with Cortegada Island, these make up the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park.
Question: What happens when an anesthetic injection is directed into the nerves a limb stump?
Sentence: Local anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into the phantom limb for ten minutes or so and may be followed by hours, weeks or even longer of partial or total relief from phantom pain.
Question: What determines how fast a tungsten filament evaporates?
Sentence: Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity.
Question: What was one of the factors for this behavior in Africa?
Sentence: In the case of Africa, one of the factors for this behavior was political instability, and the fact that new governments often confiscated previous government's corruptly obtained assets.
Question: What type of tissue takes up most of the body of a leech?
Sentence: However, leeches and their closest relatives have a body structure that is very uniform within the group but significantly different from that of other annelids, including other members of the Clitellata.
Question: Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor?
Sentence: It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, but the first emperor was anxious to avoid the same trouble that Tibet had caused for the Tang dynasty.
Question: Who spoke disparagingly about the Drake Circus Shopping Centre?
Sentence: It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already "ten years out of date".
Question: The Diocese of Saint Helena has it's own what?
Sentence: The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009.
Question: What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report?
Sentence: The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007.
Question: In what geographical region of the United States is New York City located?
Sentence: Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.
Question: Where have many of these US Air Force pilots chosen to find employment instead?
Sentence: In response to squadron groundings and flight time reductions, many Air Force pilots have opted to resign from active duty and enter the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard while pursuing careers in the commercial airlines where they can find flight hours on more modern aircraft.
Question: What do USB's implement connections to?
Sentence: The ability to boot a write-locked SD card with a USB adapter is particularly advantageous for maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible, pristine state of the booting medium.
Question: Who was Secretary of State in 1957?
Sentence: In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten days.
Question: Where had northern printing been moved to?
Sentence: In January 2008 the Wapping presses printed The Sun for the last time and London printing was transferred to Waltham Cross in the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, where News International had built what is claimed to be the largest printing centre in Europe with 12 presses.
Question: What is anthropology a study of?
Sentence: Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.
Question: Along with Devonian slate, Middle Devonian limestone and limestone, what stone provides the geologic base of Plymouth?
Sentence: Geologically, Plymouth has a mixture of limestone, Devonian slate, granite and Middle Devonian limestone.
Question: What newspaper was founded by Express Newspaper?
Sentence: The new editor of The Sun, Kelvin MacKenzie, took up his post in 1981 just after these developments, and "changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did", according to Bruce Page, MacKenzie
Question: What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the resignation of Gorbachev?
Sentence: On December 25—just hours after Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union—the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia), reflecting that it was now a sovereign state with Yeltsin assuming the Presidency.