xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What can create a subsequent increase of nutrients in natural environment?
Sentence: Most laboratory techniques for growing bacteria use high levels of nutrients to produce large amounts of cells cheaply and quickly.
Question: Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?
Sentence: Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto.
Question: How long did three-phase system operate in Cascade Tunnel?
Sentence: Other lines where the three-phase system were used were the Simplon Tunnel in Switzerland from 1906 to 1930, and the Cascade Tunnel of the Great Northern Railway in the United States from 1909 to 1927.
Question: What field does the ijazah signify expertise in?
Sentence: In contrast to the medieval doctorate which was granted by the collective authority of the faculty, the Islamic degree was not granted by the teacher to the pupil based on any formal criteria, but remained a "personal matter, the sole prerogative of the person bestowing it; no one could force him to give one".
Question: What tenet of sharia did Gaddafi believe was incompatible with socialism?
Sentence: Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahiriya because it guaranteed the protection of private property, contravening The Green Book's socialism.
Question: How many groups do these languages belong to?
Sentence: A cant, called Shelta, is spoken by Irish Travellers, often as a means to conceal meaning from those outside the group.
Question: Who is in charge of Ostia?
Sentence: Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
Question: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?
Sentence: In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.
Question: How many engines did the C-X75 originally have?
Sentence: The C-X75 was originally developed as a hybrid electric vehicle with four independent electric engines powered by two jet turbines, before the project was cancelled.
Question: Rome dominated what peninsula?
Sentence: Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired the submission of the Greek cities to its rule.
Question: What does herd immunity offer to vulnerable people when a large enough proportion of the population has acquired immunity?
Sentence: Knowledge of the protective antigens and specific acquired host immune factors is more complete for primary pathogens than for opportunistic pathogens.
Question: What did Kurt Godel's theorem demonstrate about axioms and the inference rules?
Sentence: But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
Question: What did women commonly have less of?
Sentence: Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men.
Question: Why were problems created when transferring files between systems?
Sentence: The inherent ambiguity of many control characters, combined with their historical usage, created problems when transferring "plain text" files between systems.
Question: What is of the factors the capital cost of electrification system depends on?
Sentence: Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic.
Question: How many people helped Queen set a 1976 attendance record?
Sentence: Today programme, but they pulled out at the last-minute, which saw their late replacement on the show, EMI labelmate the Sex Pistols, give their seminal interview.
Question: Under whose rule were new Christian festivals added to previous Roman holidays?
Sentence: In the later Empire under Christian rule, the new Christian festivals were incorporated into the existing framework of the Roman calendar, alongside at least some of the traditional festivals.
Question: Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?
Sentence: When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank.
Question: When do large birds of pray migrate?
Sentence: Birds of prey such as honey buzzards which migrate using thermals lose only 10 to 20% of their weight during migration, which may explain why they forage less during migration than do smaller birds of prey with more active flight such as falcons, hawks and harriers.
Question: To whom did Aeneas set up an alter in Rome?
Sentence: Rome had a semi-divine ancestor in the Trojan refugee Aeneas, son of Venus, who was said to have established the nucleus of Roman religion when he brought the Palladium, Lares and Penates from Troy to Italy.
Question: What did the team of engineers do?
Sentence: Their findings show a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake.
Question: When did the 2 worst haze pollution occur in Southeast Asia?
Sentence: The two worst regional hazes were in 1997 and 2006 in which multiple countries were covered with thick haze, mostly caused by "slash and burn" activities in Sumatra and Borneo.
Question: Basic respect for human beings is known as what?
Sentence: Examples of Halakhic Meta-Principles are: "Deracheha Darchei Noam" - the ways of Torah are pleasant, "Kavod Habriyot" - basic respect for human beings, "Pikuach Nefesh" - the sanctity of human life.
Question: What was his first proposition?
Sentence: He was convinced on the basis of his interpretation of Scripture that infants would not be damned should they die in infancy.
Question: When did a guerrilla group fight for Namibia's independence?
Sentence: In response to the 1966 ruling by the International Court of Justice, South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) military wing, People's Liberation Army of Namibia, a guerrilla group began their armed struggle for independence, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its occupation of Namibia, in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region.
Question: What year's poll of supporters said that the Tottenham rivalry was greatest?
Sentence: In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea.
Question: Is there a metabolism in endospores?
Sentence: Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation.
Question: Along with Electro and disco, what genre of music influenced Freestyle?
Sentence: Cat Power and Iron & Wine are based in the city, while alternative hip hop artist Sage Francis, electro artist Uffie, and the electroclash duo Avenue D were born in Miami, but musically based elsewhere.
Question: When was the movie Airport made?
Sentence: , Airport (1970),
Question: What are humans thought to have played a significant role in, in Australia?
Sentence: North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought.
Question: What is the population of the London Metropolitan Region?
Sentence: Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east.
Question: According to doctrine, because all thing don't last, attachment can lead to what?
Sentence: The doctrine asserts that because things are impermanent, attachment to them is futile and leads to suffering (dukkha).
Question: What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century?
Sentence: In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.
Question: How many paper cups are used by Americans each year?
Sentence: Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone.
Question: What is the GDP of Mexico City?
Sentence: Mexico City is one of the most important economic hubs in Latin America.
Question: What is the best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet?
Sentence: The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番;
Question: Who defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt. Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Isreal, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen?
Sentence: The Encyclopædia Britannica defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen.
Question: What assures smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft?
Sentence: They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft.
Question: Up to how many AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne?
Sentence: Up to five AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne, attracting an average 40,000 people per game.
Question: Who was the winner of the 2014 Nobel prize in literature?
Sentence: In the 20th century, the Paris literary community was dominated by Colette, André Gide, François Mauriac, André Malraux, Albert Camus, and, after World War II, by Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre; Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, and, in the 1970s, Milan Kundera.
Question: What theater sits on Yale's campus?
Sentence: The shuttered Palace Theatre (opposite the Shubert Theatre) is being renovated and will reopen as the College Street Music Hall in May, 2015.
Question: What English school offers Sanskrit as a language study?
Sentence: In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL:
Question: How many singers are typically in the choirs?
Sentence: The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus.
Question: What body maintains a National Inventory of notable pubs?
Sentence: CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs.
Question: Where does the sub-Alpine zone extend from?
Sentence: The montane zone extends from 800 to 1,700 m (2,625 to 5,577 ft), followed by the sub-Alpine zone from 1,600 to 2,400 m (5,249 to 7,874 ft).
Question: What are three of the other health conditions that occur more frequently with asthma?
Sentence: A number of other health conditions occur more frequently in those with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea.
Question: When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?
Sentence: By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.
Question: Which group did Louis XIV tried push out of Alsace?
Sentence: The strongly Catholic Louis XIV tried in vain to drive them from Alsace.
Question: What is the estimated weight of the total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth?
Sentence: In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).
Question: When did Cloudina exist?
Sentence: The small shelly fossil Cloudina, from 549 to 542 million years ago, has been classified by some authors as an annelid, but by others as a cnidarian (i.e. in the phylum to which jellyfish and sea anemones belong).
Question: How long has China been with centralized power?
Sentence: Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs.
Question: Beyond the storage of federal records, what service does the WNRC provide?
Sentence: WNRC also offers research services and maintains a small research room.
Question: Under whose direction was there disappointment?
Sentence: After the disappointment of the Gaspart era, the combination of a new young president, Joan Laporta, and a young new manager, former Dutch and Milan star Frank Rijkaard, saw the club bounce back.
Question: What is Oklahoma's largest school district?
Sentence: KIPP Reach College Preparatory School in Oklahoma City received the 2012 National Blue Ribbon along with its school leader, Tracy McDaniel Sr., being awarded the Terrel H. Bell Award for Outstanding Leadership.
Question: Which two coastal regions are now major tourist destinations?
Sentence: In 2007, 5.7 million tourists visited Galicia, an 8% growth over the previous year, and part of a continual pattern of growth in this sector.
Question: when did the FAA shift to a more step-by-step approach to providing air traffic controllers with more advanced equipment?
Sentence: By the mid-1970s, the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both radar and computer technology.
Question: Who planned the central city?
Sentence: Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme.
Question: What elements does the structure of a gene consist of?
Sentence: The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part.
Question: Why is it necessary for smaller animals to have an insulative covering?
Sentence: For small animals, an insulative covering like fur is necessary for the maintenance of a high and stable body temperature.
Question: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?
Sentence: With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings.
Question: Aspiration alters with what?
Sentence: t k/ have voice-onset times (VOTs) of about 5, 10, and 30 milliseconds, whereas English aspirated /p t k/ have VOTs of about 60, 70, and 80 ms.
Question: When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin?
Sentence: On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character Ally Sloper featured in the earliest serialized comic strip when the character began to feature in its own weekly magazine in 1884.
Question: When was Somali Nation Television officially re-launched?
Sentence: The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster.
Question: What did the temple-centered social organization of the farming peoples allow them to mobilize?
Sentence: According to this theory, farming peoples spread down into southern Mesopotamia because they had developed a temple-centered social organization for mobilizing labor and technology for water control, enabling them to survive and prosper in a difficult environment.[citation needed]
Question: What view did the Qua-ran take on the sinful ways in which Mary could have been conceived ?
Sentence: The Muslim tradition or hadith, which states that the only children born without the "touch of Satan," were Mary and Jesus.
Question: What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million?
Sentence: The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history.
Question: Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic?
Sentence: The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government.
Question: What did Tito use to get the people to unit in a battle against the occupation in 1941?
Sentence: On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade.
Question: What is the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages called by contemporary scholars?
Sentence: In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire and established kingdoms and empires of their own.
Question: What is the western part of the Tennessee Valley called?
Sentence: The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley.
Question: How many of Kanye West's albums were recognized by Rolling Stone Magazine?
Sentence: Three of his albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list; two of his albums feature at first and eighth, respectively, in Pitchfork Media's The 100 Best Albums of 2010–2014.
Question: What is the name of CBS' Mexican record label?
Sentence: CBS's Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963.
Question: The Scorpions hailed from what country?
Sentence: The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre.
Question: Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia?
Sentence: In the wars that lasted beyond 800, he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land.
Question: What were the windows in the snug made out of?
Sentence: The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height.
Question: Who is the Bronx named for?
Sentence: The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639.
Question: What have remained unchanged while the knowledge has grown?
Sentence: While considerable research has since occurred and the knowledge-base has grown significantly, the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book is still cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.
Question: How much larger is a dog brain olfactory cortex when compared to humans?
Sentence: Dogs can detect odour in one part per trillion, as their brain's olfactory cortex is (relative to total brain size) 40 times larger than humans.
Question: What type of objects did Hedley collect on Funafuti
Sentence: Charles Hedley, a naturalist at the Australian Museum, accompanied the 1896 expedition and during his stay on Funafuti collected invertebrate and ethnological objects.
Question: In what treaty were the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907, and 1910 confirmed as "already null and void?"
Sentence: For example, the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 were protested; and they were confirmed as "already null and void" in the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.
Question: what is a perfect example of a filled vacuum showing a curvature?
Sentence: The black hole (with zero electric charge) is an elegant example of a region completely "filled" with vacuum, but still showing a strong curvature.
Question: In what year did Schwarzenegger play Jayne Mansfield's husband in a film?
Sentence: In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield's husband, Mickey Hargitay.
Question: Who established the College Park Airport?
Sentence: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol opened on September 16, 1916 as a military airfield, but only accepted civil aircraft from December 17, 1920, allowing Sydney Airport in Sydney, Australia—which started operations in January 1920—to claim to be one of the world's oldest continually operating commercial airports.
Question: What important heritage of art  from Greece was celebrated during this time ?
Sentence: Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists.
Question: When did the USB Promoters Group announce the finalization of the USB Power Delivery specification?
Sentence: In July 2012, the USB Promoters Group announced the finalization of the USB Power Delivery ("PD") specification, an extension that specifies using certified "PD aware" USB cables with standard USB Type-A and Type-B connectors to deliver increased power (more than 7.5 W) to devices with larger power demand.
Question: In 1965, how many women were on the birth control pill?
Sentence: Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million.
Question: When did the uniform theory of groups develop from different sources?
Sentence: The convergence of these various sources into a uniform theory of groups started with Camille Jordan's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques (1870).
Question: What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home?
Sentence: Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world.
Question: Who exercises the authority on behalf of the queen in Saint Helena?
Sentence: The Governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British government.
Question: What is another name for Jesus given?
Sentence: In Johannine "agent Christology" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory.
Question: Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment?
Sentence: Russell said that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of the Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation, and that philosophical views such as affinity for democracy against monarchy originated among 16th-century Protestants to justify their desire to break away from the Catholic Church.
Question: What commitee deals with differences in rules governing the use of pesticides among different countries?
Sentence: The FAO claims that the code has raised awareness about pesticide hazards and decreased the number of countries without restrictions on pesticide use.
Question: What did Sony call the special offer they handed out to respond to the breach?
Sentence: There was no evidence that any credit card data had been taken, but the possibility could not be ruled out, and Sony advised customers that their credit card data may have been obtained.
Question: What are some consequences of the investments
Sentence: However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocation of aid.
Question: What is the size of the mat?
Sentence: Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs.
Question: Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen?
Sentence: The singer of the most played song is crowned Road March King or Queen earning prize money and usually a vehicle.
Question: When did Aspar die?
Sentence: The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aspar (d. 471),
Question: The closing of what plant in 20147 caused a major loss to the automobile industry?
Sentence: Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen assembly plant.