xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: In what year did Novgorod aquire its own archbishop?
Sentence: In the 12th century, Novgorod acquired its own archbishop Ilya in 1169, a sign of increased importance and political independence, while about 30 years prior to that in 1136 in Novgorod was established a republican form of government - elective monarchy.
Question: What took over Lake Paranoa's shores contrary to the plan?
Sentence: At the northern end of Lake Paranoá, separated from the inner city, is a peninsula with many fashionable homes, and a similar city exists on the southern lakeshore.
Question: Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls?
Sentence: "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food.
Question: When was Eustache de la Fosse's voyage?
Sentence: In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau.
Question: How is COPD differentiated?
Sentence: After the age of 65 most people with obstructive airway disease will have asthma and COPD.
Question: How many Jews were burned to death in 1349?
Sentence: Until the end of the 18th century, Jews were forbidden to remain in town after 10 pm.
Question: What state did the Saturn V rocket launch from?
Sentence: On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.
Question: What is an example of a surjective map?
Sentence: Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it.
Question: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?
Sentence: Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street.
Question: Who was one the most well known modern decorative modelers of the Greeks ?
Sentence: Alexandrian Constantine P. Cavafy and Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century.
Question: Why do some animals pass food through their gut twice?
Sentence: Other animals, such as rabbits and rodents, practise coprophagia behaviours - eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food, especially in the case of roughage.
Question: What was the dominant religion of Persia before Islam?
Sentence: All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632).
Question: What architectural style was Westminster Abbey rebuilt in?
Sentence: By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England.
Question: What medical product does Punjab manufacture?
Sentence: In 2003, the province manufactured 90% of the paper and paper boards, 71% of the fertilizers, 69% of the sugar and 40% of the cement of Pakistan.
Question: When did Fox announce that Season 15 would be the final season?
Sentence: Fox announced on May 11, 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol; as such, the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program's alumni.
Question: In perfective verbs, what state is the action the verb describes in?
Sentence: This is distinct from past and present tense, and any Czech verb of either aspect can be conjugated into any of its three tenses.
Question: Where was the letter A places in position?
Sentence: The "space" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237 § 10 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits.
Question: What percentage of the population was below the poverty line?
Sentence: The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $30,237 (with a margin of error of +/-
Question: From where were the bishops in attendance at the Council few in number?
Sentence: At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy.
Question: Kanye, Shakira, and Rage Against the Machine refused to perform in what state due to a new law against illegal aliens?
Sentence: West had previously participated in cultural boycotts, joining Shakira and Rage Against The Machine in refusing to perform in Arizona after the 2010 implementation of stop and search laws directed against potential illegal aliens.
Question: How many numbers can a byte represent?
Sentence: When negative numbers are required, they are usually stored in two's complement notation.
Question: When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed?
Sentence: The first zinc(I) compound containing the Zn—Zn bond, (η5-C5Me5)2Zn2, is also the first dimetallocene.
Question: Prussian military officers were trained to exude what type thinking?
Sentence: According to the military historian Dallas Irvine, the system "was almost completely effective in excluding the army's brain power from the staff and high command.
Question: What is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes?
Sentence: Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes.
Question: According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?
Sentence: These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.
Question: Where can participant observation take an anthropologist?
Sentence: They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists "into the field," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called "fieldwork."
Question: What book described the functionality and operation of a contemporary Paris department/novelty store?
Sentence: The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784.
Question: Min and Hakka dialects are found where?
Sentence: Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien.
Question: Who assists the Superintendent of Police?
Sentence: A Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district.
Question: Shell was accused of participating in the execution of which southern Nigerian tribal leader?
Sentence: In particular, Shell stood accused of collaborating in the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other leaders of the Ogoni tribe of southern Nigeria, who were hanged in 1995 by Nigeria's then military rulers.
Question: What product of uranium was used as toner?
Sentence: Uranium was also used in photographic chemicals (especially uranium nitrate as a toner), in lamp filaments for stage lighting bulbs, to improve the appearance of dentures, and in the leather and wood industries for stains and dyes.
Question: How long after student campaigning did BYU begin recycling plastics?
Sentence: The student groups BYU Recycles, Eco-Response, and BYU Earth educate students, faculty, staff, and administrators about how the campus can decrease its environmental impact.
Question: The pleura is made of how many lateral regions?
Sentence: The two lateral regions are called the pleura (singular: pleuron) and the ventral aspect is called the sternum.
Question: What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering?
Sentence: Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history.
Question: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympics?
Sentence: London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.
Question: What did John inherit in England?
Sentence: John inherited a sophisticated system of administration in England, with a range of royal agents answering to the Royal Household: the Chancery kept written records and communications; the Treasury and the Exchequer dealt with income and expenditure respectively; and various judges were deployed to deliver justice around the kingdom.
Question: What is the most viewed television network in France?
Sentence: Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city.
Question: What is a term used to describe being able to learn something quicker due to an older ability?
Sentence: Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.
Question: Who helped to improve the relations between India and Burma?
Sentence: In 2008, India suspended military aid to Myanmar over the issue of human rights abuses by the ruling junta, although it has preserved extensive commercial ties, which provide the regime with much-needed revenue.
Question: In what decade did Cuban immigrants introduce their cuisine to Miami?
Sentence: Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants.
Question: Does the scientific community agree that earthquake prediction is possible?
Sentence: Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible.
Question: What is a possible result of handling the bit reservoir?
Sentence: Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bitrate stream.
Question: What can trigger famine conditions?
Sentence: The Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen has observed that "there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem."
Question: What treaty addresses nuclear weapons?
Sentence: They are also the only recognized "Nuclear Weapons States" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and maintain military expenditures which are among the largest in the world.
Question: What was the architectural style of the Chalukyas?
Sentence: The Western Chalukyas developed an architectural style known today as a transitional style, an architectural link between the style of the early Chalukya dynasty and that of the later Hoysala empire.
Question: Who was influenced by Western European and Islamic tendencies?
Sentence: The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule.
Question: In what year did Lusitania become a Roman province?
Sentence: In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province.
Question: When did Michael Dell found his company?
Sentence: Dell dropped out of school to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family.
Question: What date did North Carolina ratify the constitution?
Sentence: In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today.
Question: What was the president of HHC's previous job title?
Sentence: Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City.
Question: Which work established Francesco Mario Pagano as an international authority on criminal law?
Sentence: Another prominent intellectual was Francesco Mario Pagano, who wrote important studies such as Saggi Politici (Political Essays, 1783), one of the major works of the Enlightenment in Naples, and Considerazioni sul processo criminale (Considerations on the criminal trial, 1787), which established him as an international authority on criminal law.
Question: In which century were antibiotics first introduced?
Sentence: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world.
Question: What did European regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks?
Sentence: Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.
Question: What does an individual do to attain ennoblement?
Sentence: Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state.
Question: What was the first date that the Ottoman empire had an air-based military unit?
Sentence: The establishment of Ottoman military aviation dates back to between June 1909 and July 1911.
Question: What type of process was used to convert various metals into steel?
Sentence: Evidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC).
Question: How much did actor Jackie Chan donate?
Sentence: The Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign, an 8-hour fundraising marathon, was held on June 1 in Hong Kong; it was attended by some 200 Sinosphere musicians and celebrities.
Question: What year did the Irish Times start?
Sentence: In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.
Question: What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?
Sentence: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won.
Question: What was the result of early law on online liability?
Sentence: As different content was considered in different legal systems, and in the absence of common definitions for "ISPs," "bulletin boards" or "online publishers," early law on online intermediaries' liability varied widely from country to country.
Question: When was the Jerome Park Reservoir built?
Sentence: Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill, the former estate of George W. Perkins—known for a historic house, gardens, changing site-specific art installations and concerts—overlooks the New Jersey Palisades from a promontory on the Hudson in Riverdale.
Question: What was the nationality of Carl Lange?
Sentence: Working independently, they developed the James–Lange theory, a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions.
Question: What underground items have lead to soil degradation?
Sentence: In recent years development projects have started in the deserts of Algeria and Tunisia using irrigated water pumped from underground aquifers.
Question: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?
Sentence: It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname.
Question: What were the invading Arab armies aim?
Sentence: The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea.
Question: What is an Indvuna as it relates to the Parliament of Swaziland?
Sentence: The nominations are for the position of Member of Parliament, Constituency Headman (Indvuna) and the Constituency Executive Committee (Bucopho).
Question: Where did the School of Law rank in  2015 by the U.S. News & World Reports?
Sentence: The program in occupational therapy at Washington University currently occupies the first spot for the 2016 U.S. News & World Report rankings, and the program in physical therapy is ranked first as well.
Question: What occurs in bright light to leaves during fall?
Sentence: When the days of autumn are bright and cool, and the nights are chilly but not freezing, the brightest colorations usually develop.
Question: Under which brand was Twilight Princess for the Nintendo Wii published?
Sentence: A high-definition port for the Wii U, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, will be released in March 2016.
Question: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?
Sentence: During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson).
Question: What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy?
Sentence: Effective architects generally received their training in the offices of other architects, graduating to the role from draughtsmen or clerks.
Question: What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology?
Sentence: Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism.
Question: What toxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products?
Sentence: It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products.
Question: Which two countries refused to ratify the treaty to regulate mineral use in Antarctica?
Sentence: The following year, however, Australia and France announced that they would not ratify the convention, rendering it dead for all intents and purposes.
Question: What are dog teeth best suited for?
Sentence: Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.
Question: Which group is a counterpart to NATO?
Sentence: The Treaty declared that any attack on one of the three parties in the Pacific area would be viewed as a threat to each, and that the common danger would be met in accordance with each nation's constitutional processes.
Question: What no longer used accessories were powered by vacuum?
Sentence: Obsolete applications include vacuum-driven windscreen wipers and Autovac fuel pumps.
Question: When was Mexico City declared the capital?
Sentence: The choice was official on November 18, 1824, and Congress delineated a surface area of two leagues square (8,800 acres) centered on the Zocalo.
Question: Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708?
Sentence: Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover).
Question: What other area was mentioned regarding Prussian dominion in the Russian-Austrian pact?
Sentence: They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria in the event of hostilities with Prussia.
Question: What sort of idealist did Hegel define himself as?
Sentence: Hegel called his philosophy "absolute" idealism in contrast to the "subjective idealism" of Berkeley and the "transcendental idealism" of Kant and Fichte, which were not based on a critique of the finite and a dialectical philosophy of history as Hegel's idealism was.
Question: By Rowe's definition, when did he start to exclude animals?
Sentence: Since this ancestor lived in the Jurassic period, Rowe's definition excludes all animals from the earlier Triassic, despite the fact that Triassic fossils in the Haramiyida have been referred to the Mammalia since the mid-19th century.
Question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively?
Sentence: According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers.
Question: How many square miles are land in NYC?
Sentence: The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine.
Question: What did Kazusanosuke mean?
Sentence: For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age ceremony.
Question: What is something that may cause the reception and decoding of the content of a message to be faulty?
Sentence: One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a codebook, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical.
Question: The absence of ignorance leads to what?
Sentence: Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others.
Question: When did Clark make his debut?
Sentence: Clark made his debut at Advocate Health Care on January 13, 2014, the same day as the press release announcing his installation as the club's first ever official physical mascot.
Question: What dynasty maked the rise of Egypt as international power?
Sentence: Frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the New Kingdom.
Question: What building was first used for classes at Washington University?
Sentence: Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in the heart of downtown St. Louis.
Question: What early philosopher proposed Dvaitadvaita?
Sentence: Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region.
Question: In order for a treaty to be valid in Brazil, a presidential decree incorporating the treaty into domestic law must be published where in order to be valid?
Sentence: In practice, this has been interpreted as meaning that the executive branch is free to negotiate and sign a treaty, but its ratification by the president is contingent upon the prior approval of Congress.
Question: What was the SNES called in Japan?
Sentence: In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (Japanese: スーパーファミコン, Hepburn:
Question: How far back in time do people in 'Terra Nova' travel?
Sentence: Terra Nova begins in the year 2149 when all life on the planet Earth is threatened with extinction resulting in scientists opening a door that allows people to travel back 85 million years to prehistoric times.
Question: What was the name of the material that was produced from this groups and the opinions of others?
Sentence: Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the Humanist Manifesto in 1933.
Question: What document declares that the Roman Catholic church lives within the body of Christ?
Sentence: Lumen Gentium stated that the Church subsists in the Body of Christ, raising questions as to the difference between "is" and "subsists in".
Question: What did India supply to the Persian war efforts against Greece?
Sentence: During this time India supplied mercenaries to the Persian army then fighting in Greece.
Question: Who headed the 1979 Sony and Philips digital audio disc task force?
Sentence: As a result, in 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc.
Question: Which rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927?
Sentence: Melbourne has an integrated public transport system based around extensive train, tram, bus and taxi systems.