xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: Who created the Ming Dynasty?
Sentence: In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China.
Question: What is chemotrophy ?
Sentence: Carbon metabolism in bacteria is either heterotrophic, where organic carbon compounds are used as carbon sources, or autotrophic, meaning that cellular carbon is obtained by fixing carbon dioxide.
Question: What rank is West in total sales for the last decade?
Sentence: West has had six songs exceed 3 million in digital sales as of December 2012, with "Gold Digger" selling 3,086,000, "Stronger" selling 4,402,000, "Heartless" selling 3,742,000, "E.T." selling over 4,000,000, "Love Lockdown" selling over 3,000,000, and "Niggas in Paris" selling over 3,000,000, placing him third in overall digital sales of the past decade.
Question: Who has denied testing Chopin's DNA to determine the actual cause of death?
Sentence: Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government.
Question: When did the Xinhai Revolution topple the Qing dynasty?
Sentence: After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title.
Question: What does continuous torque density refer to?
Sentence: The continuous torque density of conventional electric machines is determined by the size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth, which are determined by the power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation.
Question: How much did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate?
Sentence: China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donated 10 million yuan each to the disaster area.
Question: How many teams played in the 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition?
Sentence: Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players.
Question: Who are some of the opponents of biracial and multiracial as identifiers?
Sentence: Some African-American organizations, and African-American political leaders, such as Congresswoman Diane Watson and Congressman Augustus Hawkins, were particularly vocal in their rejection of the category, as they feared the loss of political and economic power if African Americans reduced their numbers by self-identification.
Question: What division of Yale University is credited with nurturing the architectural component of New Havens economy?
Sentence: The Yale School of Architecture has fostered this important component of the city's economy.
Question: White clam pie is found in what district of New Haven?
Sentence: A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven, including Pepe's and Sally's Apizza (which opened in 1938).
Question: The first generation nano suffered from which component getting damaged easily?
Sentence: Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]
Question: What site in Talheim suggests violent warfare in the Neolithic era?
Sentence: This supplanted an earlier view of the Linear Pottery Culture as living a "peaceful, unfortified lifestyle".
Question: What is the cost of primary and secondary education in Namibia?
Sentence: Namibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels.
Question: What type of day were there more of in Rome?
Sentence: Some of the most ancient and popular festivals incorporated ludi ("games," such as chariot races and theatrical performances), with examples including those held at Palestrina in honour of Fortuna Primigenia during Compitalia, and the Ludi Romani in honour of Liber.
Question: Who is another philosopher during this Islamic Golden Age?
Sentence: Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time.
Question: What happens if two Grand Lodges try to establish themselves in the same area?
Sentence: If two Grand Lodges claim jurisdiction over the same area, the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them, and they may not all decide to recognise the same one.
Question: During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?
Sentence: The Byzantines also faced a revived Bulgaria, which in the late 12th and 13th centuries spread throughout the Balkans.
Question: How was gold spluttering used in vinyl creation?
Sentence: Radio transcription producers such as World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers (AMP) were the dominant licensees of the Western Electric wide range system and towards the end of the 1930s were responsible for two-thirds of the total radio transcription business.
Question: Which 11th century Muslim physicist discussed space perception and its epistemological implications?
Sentence: In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial extension.
Question: Where was the kingdom of Yue located according to chronicles?
Sentence: The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles and records written during the Spring and Autumn Period.
Question: What is a benefit of nocturnal migration?
Sentence: Nocturnal migrants minimize predation, avoid overheating, and can feed during the day.
Question: What does transcription produce?
Sentence: Transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA, whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed.:6.1
Question: Who showed signs that he was considering resigning his position?
Sentence: Any objections from the latter would have likely had no effect, since the Soviet government had effectively been rendered impotent long before December.
Question: What bacterium is used to produced GM cotton?
Sentence: The gene coding for Bt toxin has been inserted into cotton, causing cotton, called Bt cotton, to produce this natural insecticide in its tissues.
Question: What year did Bill Clinton win North Carolina?
Sentence: In the 1990s, Democrat Bill Clinton came within a point of winning the state in 1992 and also only narrowly lost the state in 1996.
Question: Who recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region?
Sentence: UNICEF recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east.
Question: Where did the Lenape go after being pushed out of the Philidelphia area?
Sentence: Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin.
Question: When did automakers start using electroluminescent technology to backlight gauges?
Sentence: In the late 1950s, some automakers began to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges or to draw attention to logos or other decorative elements.
Question: What is Estonian typologically transitioning from?
Sentence: Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language.
Question: In what year was Gaius elected to office?
Sentence: He stood for election to a third term in 121 BC, but was defeated and then murdered by representatives of the senate with 3,000 of his supporters on Capitoline Hill in Rome.
Question: In addition to bottles and cans, How is beer often sold in bars?
Sentence: Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.
Question: Assuming access has been gained to the car's internal controller area network, what is it possible to do?
Sentence: If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel.
Question: How are laws written that bring about a ban of incandescent light bulbs?
Sentence: Since incandescent light bulbs use more energy than alternatives such as CFLs and LED lamps, many governments have introduced measures to ban their use, by setting minimum efficacy standards higher than can be achieved by incandescent lamps.
Question: What was the primary problem with early carbon filaments?
Sentence: Early carbon filaments had a negative temperature coefficient of resistance — as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased.
Question: How many days are counted between Passover and Shavuot?
Sentence: Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the counting of the omer between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time.
Question: Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal?
Sentence: Some wolf pairs have been reported to prey on dogs by having one wolf lure the dog out into heavy brush where the second animal waits in ambush.
Question: Which country applied Cubism to architecture the most?
Sentence: Cubist architecture flourished for the most part between 1910–1914, but the Cubist or Cubism-influenced buildings were also built after the World War I.
Question: Along with Saho, what language is closely related to Somali?
Sentence: Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages.
Question: What do researchers use back-translation to try to reconstruct when a document survives only in translation?
Sentence: Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation that was made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy, now lost.
Question: Who led the Nazis?
Sentence: The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War.
Question: Which string instrument often played the basso continuo parts?
Sentence: The key Baroque instruments for strings included the violin, viol, viola, viola d'amore, cello, contrabass, lute, theorbo (which often played the basso continuo parts), mandolin, cittern, Baroque guitar, harp and hurdy-gurdy.
Question: How long is the term of a FBI director?
Sentence: They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends.
Question: When the congregation issues a call for service by a pastor, who has to ratify it?
Sentence: A congregation issues a call for the pastor's service, but this call must be ratified by the local presbytery.
Question: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor?
Sentence: Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Question: Who was the leader of slaves during the New Haven anti slavery movement in 1839
Sentence: There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal leader of the slaves, beside City Hall.
Question: When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak?
Sentence: Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet."
Question: What did the Ming dynasty create?
Sentence: The Mingshi states that administrative offices were set up under these high commanderies, including one Itinerant Commandery, three Pacification Commissioner's Offices, six Expedition Commissioner's Offices, four Wanhu offices (myriarchies, in command of 10,000 households each) and seventeen Qianhu offices (chiliarchies, each in command of 1,000 households).
Question: When there is less latewood, what is diminishing?
Sentence: In inferior oak, this latewood is much reduced both in quantity and quality.
Question: When was Kato Kiyomasa in power?
Sentence: Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era.
Question: What show did Simon Cowell join after leaving American Idol?
Sentence: Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group, the new partner of American Idol, acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors, although in later episodes special guest mentors such as Beyoncé, will.i.am and Lady Gaga were brought in.
Question: What was the first novel published under this deal?
Sentence: Also, with the various licensed films being released beginning in 1997, various publishers put out movie novelizations.
Question: How much in unpaid taxes did Detroit fail to collect in 2011?
Sentence: Roughly half of the owners of Detroit's 305,000 properties failed to pay their 2011 tax bills, resulting in about $246 million in taxes and fees going uncollected, nearly half of which was due to Detroit; the rest of the money would have been earmarked for Wayne County, Detroit Public Schools, and the library system.
Question: Who authored "Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age"?
Sentence: In Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age, futurologists Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist repeatedly credit Whitehead for the process theology they see rising out of the participatory culture expected to dominate the digital era.
Question: What is frequently used to connect elements to the receiver?
Sentence: Conversely, during reception, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of an incoming radio wave exert force on the electrons in the antenna elements, causing them to move back and forth, creating oscillating currents in the antenna.
Question: When was the last election held for the executive council positions?
Sentence: Elections to these councils were first held on 1 July 2007 with the last election in March 2012.
Question: Who is the Green World Foundation chairwoman who refused to participate in the relay?
Sentence: A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a "small demonstration" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters.
Question: When did military conflict resume in the Congo?
Sentence: The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted.
Question: What is the name for the time preceding the Code of Canon Law?
Sentence: The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law.
Question: UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?
Sentence: Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.
Question: How many houses has the Historical Museum annexed?
Sentence: The Historical Museum has annexed eight historical houses in the city, five of which are located in the Ciudad Vieja.
Question: Where are most transistors found?
Sentence: Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
Question: How long was Demetrius Poliorcetes siege of Rhodes?
Sentence: Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.
Question: The discovery of the synthetic dye is claimed by some histories to have sparked what event?
Sentence: Perkin's discovery was prompted by his work with von Hofmann on the substance aniline, derived from coal tar, and it was this breakthrough which sparked the synthetic dye industry, a boom which some historians have labelled the second chemical revolution.
Question: What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?
Sentence: 83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland.
Question: Where is Nissan Motor Company's headquarters in the United States?
Sentence: Major corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone and International Paper, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group, based in Knoxville; Eastman Chemical Company, based in Kingsport; the North American headquarters of Nissan Motor Company, based in Franklin; Hospital Corporation of America and Caterpillar Financial, based in Nashville; and Unum, based in Chattanooga.
Question: This free-travel area in Ireland is now called what?
Sentence: In 1997, this area required formal recognition during the course of negotiations for the Amsterdam Treaty of the European Union and is now known as the Common Travel Area.
Question: What was the cause of this?
Sentence: The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off.
Question: What did the USAF use the WC-130H aircraft for before they converted them for transport missions?
Sentence: The WC-130H aircraft are former weather reconnaissance aircraft, now reverted to the transport mission.
Question: How many soldiers were available to Rome at the start of the Second Punic War?
Sentence: Polybius states that Rome could draw on 770,000 men at the beginning of the Second Punic War, of which 700,000 were infantry and 70,000 met the requirements for cavalry.
Question: How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?
Sentence: These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere.
Question: What is the name of two schools of philosophy?
Sentence: But while Plato had sought to elucidate and explain things from the supra-sensual standpoint of the forms, his pupil preferred to start from the facts given us by experience.
Question: Who invented the first tide-predicting machine in 1872?
Sentence: The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters.
Question: When did the word come into use?
Sentence: The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing.
Question: Besides the Vedic practices, what other religion did the Guptas patronize?
Sentence: The Gupta period produced scholars such as Kalidasa, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Vishnu Sharma, and Vatsyayana who made great advancements in many academic fields.
Question: How much bigger is Mexico City's GDP's than Costa Rica's?
Sentence: As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America—five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.
Question: When did Leochares make The Apollo Belvedere?
Sentence: Apollo as a handsome beardless young man, is often depicted with a kithara (as Apollo Citharoedus) or bow in his hand, or reclining on a tree (the Apollo Lykeios and Apollo Sauroctonos types).
Question: What would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union?
Sentence: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union.
Question: Edward Burne-Jones is noted for creating mosaics in what century?
Sentence: Noted 19th-century mosaics include those by Edward Burne-Jones at St Pauls within the Walls in Rome.
Question: Who named Madonna as the top-earning celebrity of the year?
Sentence: It was a box office success with a gross of $305.2 million from 88 sold-out shows, and became the highest-grossing tour of 2012 and the tenth highest-grossing tour of all time.
Question: The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires?
Sentence: The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV.
Question: Green space and open water comprises what percent of London?
Sentence: The London Natural History Society suggest that London is "one of the World's Greenest Cities" with more than 40 percent green space or open water.
Question: What are the three general approaches to understanding identity development?
Sentence: Empirical studies suggest that this process might be more accurately described as identity development, rather than formation, but confirms a normative process of change in both content and structure of one's thoughts about the self.
Question: Which four legged mammal is considered to be the smartest?
Sentence: The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs.
Question: When was the mosaic of Sant'Agata dei Goti destroyed?
Sentence: The original 5th-century apse mosaic of the Santa Sabina was replaced by a very similar fresco by Taddeo Zuccari in 1559.
Question: With the loss of the two fleets, how did the French get their troops to Britain for the invasion?
Sentence: The French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets.
Question: Around what year did the International Gothic style flourish?
Sentence: International Gothic was a courtly style that reached much of Europe in the decades around 1400, producing masterpieces such as the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.
Question: Who lead the US Navy's invasion of Japan?
Sentence: The relative peace of the Tokugawa era was shattered with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry's massive U.S. Navy steamships in 1853.
Question: The English colonist  left virginia because of what issue with the land there?
Sentence: After the Spanish in the 16th century, the first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were English colonists who migrated south from Virginia.
Question: Who were controversial among those brought to trial for Nazi collaboration?
Sentence: Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime.
Question: How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955?
Sentence: The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective.
Question: When did season two air?
Sentence: Following the success of season one, the second season was moved up to air in January 2003.
Question: What two languages have the possibility for significant mutual intelligibility?
Sentence: For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish.
Question: What event led to America entering the war?
Sentence: The U.S. entered officially on 8 December 1941 following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Question: What appearance are calyx of sepals typically?
Sentence: The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepals and petals (or tepals in flowers such as Magnolia where sepals and petals are not distinguishable from each other).
Question: What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties?
Sentence: The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that:
Question: What was the name of the new link between India and China by land?
Sentence: In August 1943 the Allies formed a new South East Asia Command (SEAC) to take over strategic responsibilities for Burma and India from the British India Command, under Wavell.