xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What showed that memory exists even before that memory is known to the person?
Sentence: The term of internal representation implies that such definition of memory contains two components: the expression of memory at the behavioral or conscious level, and the underpinning physical neural changes (Dudai 2007).
Question: What disease did his two brothers die of?
Sentence: He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis.
Question: Who is Gerry Philpott?
Sentence: Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."
Question: What do Russian carriers include for launching lightly loaded conventional fighters?
Sentence: As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electromagnetic launching equipment, vertical landing aircraft also remove the need for arresting cables and related hardware.
Question: What are Catalan and Valencian considered to be in the language?
Sentence: The terms "Catalan" and "Valencian" (respectively used in Catalonia and the Valencian Community) are two different varieties of the same language.
Question: Who coached Beyoncé for her Spanish recordings?
Sentence: To record these, Beyoncé was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez.
Question: What was the gross primary enrollment rate for females?
Sentence: In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%).
Question: When was the fourth satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Sentence: In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space.
Question: At the end of 2016, how many soldiers were in the Regular Army?
Sentence: In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers.
Question: When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?
Sentence: The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003.
Question: What was the SNES called in South Korea?
Sentence: The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America.
Question: Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory?
Sentence: The two neurotransmitters that are used most widely in the vertebrate brain are glutamate, which almost always exerts excitatory effects on target neurons, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is almost always inhibitory.
Question: Which league is Eritrea an observing member of?
Sentence: Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League.
Question: What is the Quakers unifying belief?
Sentence: Unlike many other groups that emerged within Christianity, the Religious Society of Friends has actively tried to avoid creeds and hierarchical structures.
Question: What role had Graham Dudman taken after serving as The Sun managing editor?
Sentence: Police also searched the offices of News International, the publishers of The Sun, as part of a continuing investigation into the News of the World scandal.
Question: What class were samurais?
Sentence: While the samurai numbered less than 10% of then Japan's population, their teachings can still be found today in both everyday life and in modern Japanese martial arts.
Question: When did fighting break out in CAR?
Sentence: Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work.
Question: What type of bands play for dancers in the streets?
Sentence: Beautiful costumes, floats, Rara parades, masks, foods, and popular rasin music (like Boukman Eksperyans, Foula Vodoule, Tokay, Boukan Ginen, Eritaj, etc.) and kompa bands (such as T-Vice, Djakout No. 1, Sweet Micky, Kreyòl La, D.P. Express, Mizik Mizik, Ram, T-Micky, Carimi, Djakout Mizik, and Scorpio Fever) play for dancers in the streets of the plaza of Champ-de-Mars.
Question: Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?
Sentence: Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful.
Question: During what century is it likely that the watermill made an appearance in China?
Sentence: The chain pump was first mentioned in China by the philosopher Wang Chong in his 1st-century-AD Balanced Discourse.
Question: What dopes a typical grey-box tester sets up?
Sentence: Grey-box testing implements intelligent test scenarios, based on limited information.
Question: What does the large number of omissions  make the determinatives?
Sentence: The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages.
Question: What did Rayleigh & Jeans and Einstein prove independently in 1905?
Sentence: The black-body problem was revisited in 1905, when Rayleigh and Jeans (on the one hand) and Einstein (on the other hand) independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum.
Question: Where does Universal's filming take place?
Sentence: Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California.
Question: What is another name for colloquial?
Sentence: The bulk of literary readings (文讀, bûn-tha̍k), based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the Tang Dynasty, are mainly used in formal phrases and written language (e.g. philosophical concepts, surnames, and some place names), while the colloquial (or vernacular) ones (白讀, pe̍h-tha̍k) are basically used in spoken language and vulgar phrases.
Question: Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?
Sentence: The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.
Question: After Antigonus was killed, what region did Seleucus take over?
Sentence: Meanwhile, Lysimachus took over Ionia, Seleucus took Cilicia, and Ptolemy captured Cyprus.
Question: What ethnic names does Serbo-Croatian associate with?
Sentence: Serbo-Croatian thus generally goes by the ethnic names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac.
Question: What was the primary use of laser read discs?
Sentence: The laser turntable eliminates record wear and the possibility of accidental scratches, which degrade the sound, but its expense limits use primarily to digital archiving of analog records, and the laser does not play back colored vinyl or picture discs.
Question: On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?
Sentence: The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower.
Question: What was the hit off Steppenwolf's self-titled debut lp?
Sentence: The same month, Steppenwolf released its self-titled debut album, including "Born to Be Wild", which contained the first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film Easy Rider (1969).
Question: What gallery in Southampton houses a Designated Collection?
Sentence: The Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gallery at Southampton University as well as smaller galleries including the Art House in Above Bar Street provide a different view.
Question: Who donated a championship trophy for Canadian football teams in 1909?
Sentence: The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada.
Question: Who was the president of Tunisia in 1974?
Sentence: Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic.
Question: The Holy Roman Empire comprised of how many petty states?
Sentence: The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796.
Question: What republics did the Dutch Republic come before?
Sentence: The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795.
Question: Who authored the Summa Theologica?
Sentence: Philosophy and theology fused in scholasticism, an attempt by 12th- and 13th-century scholars to reconcile authoritative texts, most notably Aristotle and the Bible.
Question: To whom did Nasser authorize distribution of small arms?
Sentence: To counterbalance the Egyptian Army's dismal performance, Nasser authorized the distribution of about 400,000 rifles to civilian volunteers and hundreds of militias were formed throughout Egypt, many led by Nasser's political opponents.
Question: What was Kanye creating when he was five?
Sentence: West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old.
Question: What caused the water level in the Yellow River to increase?
Sentence: Gradual silt buildup in the Yellow River had raised its water level and overwhelmed the flood control works.
Question: How many credit card numbers were stole from Home Depot in 2014?
Sentence: Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; physical security breaches using self checkout machines are believed to have played a large role.
Question: Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?
Sentence: A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe.
Question: What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?
Sentence: Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote.
Question: What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding?
Sentence: These genes have been shown to have an impact on the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response (i.e. selection for tameness), and emotional processing.
Question: What was the Vestal festival called?
Sentence: Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation.
Question: What teaching was criticized by Nagarjuna?
Sentence: Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact opposed to early Buddhist thought) and the Mahayana sutras as authentic teachings of Gautama Buddha, and claim they were designed for different types of persons and different levels of spiritual understanding.
Question: How many commercial airports are under construction in Saint Helena?
Sentence: Saint Helena is one of the most remote islands in the world, has one commercial airport under construction, and travel to the island is by ship only.
Question: What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?
Sentence: His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
Question: How much coal is mine yearly in northeast Sinai?
Sentence: Egypt is counting on top liquid natural gas (LNG) exporter Qatar to obtain additional gas volumes in summer, while encouraging factories to plan their annual maintenance for those months of peak demand, said EGPC chairman, Tarek El Barkatawy.
Question: Who became commissioner of the AFL after Jerry Kurz?
Sentence: Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president.
Question: In 1833 with whom with Chopin work to get his music published?
Sentence: The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that "As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.
Question: What occurs when large unstable areas of warm ocean, heated over months, give up some of their thermal energy suddenly to power a few days of violent air movement?
Sentence: An example of a solar-mediated weather event is a hurricane, which occurs when large unstable areas of warm ocean, heated over months, give up some of their thermal energy suddenly to power a few days of violent air movement.
Question: What was the official nickname of Northwestern's athletic teams prior to 1924?
Sentence: Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists."
Question: Which empires grew during the 18th century?
Sentence: However, the 18th century saw the European empires gradually expand across the world, as European states developed economies built on maritime trade.
Question: Can IRENE read vertically modulated information?
Sentence: In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories.
Question: What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?
Sentence: Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average.
Question: What disease was contracted by the Prince of Wales that nearly ended his life?
Sentence: In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die.
Question: How many Egyptian soldiers died during the fighting?
Sentence: To counterbalance the Egyptian Army's dismal performance, Nasser authorized the distribution of about 400,000 rifles to civilian volunteers and hundreds of militias were formed throughout Egypt, many led by Nasser's political opponents.
Question: Which philosopher argued homosexuality did not exist as an idenity in the eighteenth century?
Sentence: Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction.
Question: What is the name of a company that uses iPods as part of its training?
Sentence: Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device.
Question: Who wrote the 2007 book The Black Swan?
Sentence: Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, and their reliance on bad models, and framed the problem as part of "robustness and fragility".
Question: What retrospective of the Oscars is shown yearly on TCM?
Sentence: The network's programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar.
Question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial moved in 1999?
Sentence: In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846–1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium.
Question: Some bilaterians without a brain are what?
Sentence: There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms).
Question: What case is the grammatical object of a verb?
Sentence: Pavla is in the accusative case, the grammatical object (in this case, the victim) of the verb.
Question: Were other mathematicians amazed by von Neumann?
Sentence: Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring."
Question: Greece's constitution has how many articles?
Sentence: The nominal head of state is the President of the Republic, who is elected by the Parliament for a five-year term.
Question: Under which program did Eritrea develp and repair its transportation infrastructure during the war?
Sentence: The rail line has been restored between the port of Massawa and the capital Asmara, although services are sporadic.
Question: How many free-to-air television stations service Greater Melbourne and Geelong?
Sentence: Hybrid digital/print media companies such as Broadsheet and ThreeThousand are based in and primarily serve Melbourne.
Question: From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence?
Sentence: Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire.
Question: What is the name of the rule that must be met for a group operation to occur?
Sentence: A group is said to act on another mathematical object X if every group element performs some operation on X compatibly to the group law.
Question: How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from?
Sentence: The first Europeans to encounter the bird misidentified it as a guineafowl, a bird known as a "turkey fowl" at that time because it had been introduced into Europe via Turkey.
Question: When can dynamic testing occur?
Sentence: Dynamic testing may begin before the program is 100% complete in order to test particular sections of code and are applied to discrete functions or modules.
Question: The middle of the country features what kind of geography?
Sentence: Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.
Question: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning?
Sentence: He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust.
Question: Tensions about what increased during the Romantic era?
Sentence: The music became more chromatic, dissonant, and tonally colorful, with tensions (with respect to accepted norms of the older forms) about key signatures increasing.
Question: What has been a major factor in the restoration of Estonia after winning their independence?
Sentence: In 2003, the foreign ministry also hosted an exhibit called "Estonia: Nordic with a Twist".
Question: At what altitude does snowfall begin in November?
Sentence: High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes.
Question: How does burrowers' loosening help the soil?
Sentence: The burrowers loosen the soil so that oxygen and water can penetrate it, and both surface and burrowing worms help to produce soil by mixing organic and mineral matter, by accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and thus making it more quickly available to other organisms, and by concentrating minerals and converting them to forms that plants can use more easily.
Question: What does finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups not necessarily imply?
Sentence: Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference.
Question: How many yeshivas are located in New Haven?
Sentence: Jews also make up a considerable portion of the population, as do Black Baptists.
Question: Which organism has the most genes?
Sentence: Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox).
Question: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re-engineer?
Sentence: Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations.
Question: What law show did Spielberg work on?
Sentence: His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery.
Question: When did Thuringia become a landgraviate?
Sentence: After the extinction of the reigning Ludowingian line of counts and landgraves in 1247 and the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264), the western half became independent under the name of "Hesse", never to become a part of Thuringia again.
Question: How were hackers able to penetrate connected networks?
Sentence: The intruders were able to obtain classified files, such as air tasking order systems data and furthermore able to penetrate connected networks of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, some Defense contractors, and other private sector organizations, by posing as a trusted Rome center user.
Question: How many world series have the Cubs appeared in?
Sentence: They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two.
Question: What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to aid in launching and recovering aircraft?
Sentence: The form of launch assistance a carrier provides is strongly related to the types of aircraft embarked and the design of the carrier itself.
Question: What type of "ware" is a BIOS ROM in a PC?
Sentence: Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc.
Question: What is Ana Cristina's ethnicity?
Sentence: Many popular Freestyle acts such as Pretty Tony, Debbie Deb, Stevie B, and Exposé, originated in Miami.
Question: What goal did the ALI's study say could not be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions?
Sentence: In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment."
Question: What states that the system doing work always loses some energy as waste heat?
Sentence: For "closed systems" with no external source or sink of energy, the first law of thermodynamics states that a system's energy is constant unless energy is transferred in or out by mechanical work or heat, and that no energy is lost in transfer.
Question: What is the name of the joint group that Estonia shares with Denmark and 7 other countries?
Sentence: Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB-8) is the joint co-operation of the governments of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden.
Question: How can jeopardy opinions be dissuaded?
Sentence: There have been six instances as of 2009 in which the exemption process was initiated.
Question: What bankrupt company did Comcast partner with another broadband provider to acquire in 2005?
Sentence: In April 2005, Comcast and Time Warner Cable announced plans to buy the assets of bankrupted Adelphia Cable.