xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What year did the IASP respond to the need to create a more useful system for describing pain?
Sentence: However, this system has been criticized by Clifford J. Woolf and others as inadequate for guiding research and treatment.
Question: How long after a published notice of the listing may a public hearing regarding the listing be requested?
Sentence: A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice.
Question: In what field is the Alexander Graham Bell Medal given out?
Sentence: Since 1976 the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications.
Question: What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"?
Sentence: This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred as the Masovni pokret, maspok, meaning "Mass Movement") when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party.
Question: In what year was Coker v. Georgia decided?
Sentence: In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder.
Question: How many engineering colleges are in Rajasthan?
Sentence: There are 41 engineering colleges with an annual enrollment of about 11,500 students.
Question: Who stripped the previous record?
Sentence: Later, Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship.
Question: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?
Sentence: Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture.
Question: What was the Cathedral's name from early in the Reconquista?
Sentence: The Valencia Cathedral was called Iglesia Mayor in the early days of the Reconquista, then Iglesia de la Seo (Seo is from the Latin sedes, i.e., (archiepiscopal) See), and by virtue of the papal concession of 16 October 1866, it was called the Basilica Metropolitana.
Question: What is the common term for an IFGET?
Sentence: The IGFET is more commonly known as a metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET), reflecting its original construction from layers of metal (the gate), oxide (the insulation), and semiconductor.
Question: what is the alloy of copper and nickel used for?
Sentence: The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding.
Question: How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony?
Sentence: Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden.
Question: Who first used the term Serbo-Croatian in 1824?
Sentence: Croatian linguist Dalibor Brozović advocated the term Serbo-Croatian as late as 1988, claiming that in an analogy with Indo-European, Serbo-Croatian does not only name the two components of the same language, but simply charts the limits of the region in which it is spoken and includes everything between the limits (‘Bosnian’ and ‘Montenegrin’).
Question: Which type of schooling can be most expensive?
Sentence: Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods.
Question: How did chloroplast appear in first vegetation?
Sentence: Later on, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms.
Question: Who provided notable documentation of the war?
Sentence: Notable documentation of the war was provided by William Howard Russell (writing for The Times newspaper) and the photographs of Roger Fenton.:306–309 News from war correspondents reached all nations involved in the war and kept the public citizenry of those nations better informed of the day-to-day events of the war than had been the case in any other war to that date.
Question: What did Napoleon's senior officers and marshals do when he suggested they march on Paris?
Sentence: While the ordinary soldiers and regimental officers wanted to fight on, without any senior officers or marshals any prospective invasion of Paris would have been impossible.
Question: From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?
Sentence: Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks.
Question: Does the Football Association say about the management of the Premier League?
Sentence: The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.
Question: What medal did Faisal Jeylani Aweys win in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup?
Sentence: In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren.
Question: Which river runs through the university's campus?
Sentence: Other notable places include Elizabeth Fort, the Cork Opera House, Christ Church on South Main Street (now the Triskel Arts Centre and original site of early Hiberno-Norse church), St Mary's Dominican Church on Popes Quay and Fitzgerald's Park to the west of the city, which contains the Cork Public Museum.
Question: What crime increased in the Tucson area in 1877?
Sentence: Brazelton had been suspected of highway robbery not only in the Tucson area, but also in the Prescott region and Silver City, New Mexico area as well.
Question: Which party rebelled against the administration?
Sentence: A new rebellion led by the Lerdista party was orchestrated from exile in the United States.
Question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?
Sentence: According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions.
Question: Which genre did Madonna started out in?
Sentence: Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted that with her self-titled debut album, Madonna began her career as a disco diva, in an era that did not have any such divas to speak of.
Question: In what year did Universal sell its 360-acre lot to MCA?
Sentence: MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product.
Question: In what year was the stage musical My Fair Lady, set in turn-of-the-century London, made into a major motion picture?
Sentence: London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd:
Question: How many of the original Premier League players in the 1992-93 season hailed from outside the UK or Ireland?
Sentence: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland.
Question: What type of axioms were used by von Neumann in his lattice work?
Sentence: Anyone wishing to get an unforgettable impression of the razor edge of von Neumann's mind, need merely try to pursue this chain of exact reasoning for himself—realizing that often five pages of it were written down before breakfast, seated at a living room writing-table in a bathrobe."
Question: Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?
Sentence: Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner).
Question: What combines "grain radical" with the "mouth radical"?
Sentence: In modern usage, there is a graphic distinction between tā (她 "she") with the "woman radical", tā (牠 "it") with the "animal radical", tā (它 "it") with the "roof radical", and tā (祂 "He") with the "deity radical", One consequence of modifying radicals is the fossilization of rare and obscure variant logographs, some of which are not even used in Classical Chinese.
Question: Who was noted for his complex improvisations?
Sentence: J.S. Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations.
Question: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?
Sentence: A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits.
Question: What is one way a match can end?
Sentence: A professional wrestling match can end in a draw.
Question: What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?
Sentence: Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann.
Question: What caused Quaker and Methodist preachers to want to free slaves?
Sentence: Revolutionary ideals led many men to free their slaves, some by deed and others by will, so that from 1782 to 1810, the percentage of free people of color rose from less than one percent to nearly 10 percent of blacks in the South.
Question: When did the Jewish presence dwindle in the region?
Sentence: Through the 5th and 6th centuries, the dramatic events of the repeated Samaritan revolts reshaped the land, with massive destruction to Byzantine Christian and Samaritan societies and a resulting decrease of the population.
Question: The NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what two countries?
Sentence: The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.
Question: Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?
Sentence: The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa.
Question: Why is adding two characters at the ned of a line problemsome?
Sentence: Unfortunately, requiring two characters to mark the end of a line introduces unnecessary complexity and questions as to how to interpret each character when encountered alone.
Question: When did Microsoft release the beta version of Windows 8.1?
Sentence: Following a presentation devoted to the upgrade at Build 2013, a public beta version of the upgrade was released on June 26, 2013.
Question: Morphine was named after what Greek god?
Sentence: Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the isolation of morphine, analgesic and sleep-inducing agent from opium, by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner, who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus.
Question: How high can compression rates go?
Sentence: The use of audio modems in the transmission line allow for the use of POTS, or the Plain Old Telephone System, in some low-speed applications, such as videotelephony, because they convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves in the audio spectrum range.
Question: What senator did Kerry investigate in 1978?
Sentence: In January 1977, Droney promoted him to First Assistant District Attorney, essentially making Kerry his campaign and media surrogate because Droney was afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease).
Question: Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541?
Sentence: His Ordinances of 1541 involved a collaboration of Church affairs with the City council and consistory to bring morality to all areas of life.
Question: What percentage of the European population consisted of monks?
Sentence: Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent.
Question: What are often called psychoacoustic models?
Sentence: Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are.
Question: LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon?
Sentence: Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector.
Question: What Iranian nationalized industry has been noncompetitive and managed badly?
Sentence: However, nationalized industries such as the bonyads have often been managed badly, making them ineffective and uncompetitive with years.
Question: Where in the bulb is evaporated tungsten deposited when a vacuum is used?
Sentence: When a filling of inert gas is used, the evaporated tungsten is carried in the thermal convection currents of the gas, depositing preferentially on the uppermost part of the envelope and blackening just that portion of the envelope.
Question: The Big Bang model is solidly established in what?
Sentence: Little is known about the earliest moments of the universe's history.
Question: How did Chavez affect the Venezuelans?
Sentence: The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston.
Question: Where are the Athabasca oil sands located?
Sentence: The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta.
Question: What was Serbo-Croatian the official language for in the 20th century?
Sentence: Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established.
Question: What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka?
Sentence: In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common.
Question: On what dates did Seattle experience a snow event of 6 feet?
Sentence: From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in (74 cm) of snow on the ground by the time the event was over.
Question: When did Ptolemy declare himself King Ptolemy I?
Sentence: In 305 BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (saviour) for his role in helping the Rhodians during the siege of Rhodes.
Question: In what community is the Miami Herald currently located?
Sentence: The newspapers are now headquartered at the former home of U.S. Southern Command in Doral.
Question: What characteristic determined the proportions of the bricks?
Sentence: The people of this civilization made bricks whose dimensions were in the proportion 4:2:1, considered favorable for the stability of a brick structure.
Question: the east india company changed how it did business by moving from  focusing on royal patronage to what type of business?
Sentence: The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza.
Question: Who was the leader of the American Idol band in season five?
Sentence: From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew.
Question: South Slavic people consist of which nationalities?
Sentence: Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them – even within the individual ethnic groups themselves –
Question: To indicate something is feasible in Polish, what word could be used?
Sentence: For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
Question: What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946?
Sentence: The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".
Question: Who raised Victoria?
Sentence: She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children.
Question: Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States?
Sentence: In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies.
Question: What case was the concept relevant?
Sentence: The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools.
Question: Which singer did an ad for the LD-700 player in 1984?
Sentence: For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "laser disc player", although the "LaserDisc" logo displayed clearly on the device.
Question: For both men and women average life expectancy is how many years?
Sentence: Life expectancy at birth was 53.06 years total (51.43 for males and 54.73 for females).
Question: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?
Sentence: He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920.
Question: Many insects are able to see visible light, ultraviolet, and what other kind of light?
Sentence: Most insects, except some species of cave crickets, are able to perceive light and dark.
Question: What were two of Dick Dale's better known songs?
Sentence: Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954).
Question: Where was the new Liverpool FC stadium located in 1879?
Sentence: In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home before they moved to Anfield, which was Everton's home until 1892.
Question: What is the Marshall Islands often threatened with?
Sentence: The threat of drought is commonplace throughout the island chains.
Question: What does Augustine call time in Confessions 11.26?
Sentence: In Book 11 of his Confessions, St. Augustine of Hippo ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time?
Question: Agriculture varies across the state because of the variation in what?
Sentence: Agriculture is a relatively small component of the state's economy and varies greatly due to the varying climate across the state.
Question: What rank does Greece hold for the condition of mothers and new born babies?
Sentence: In 2010, there were 138 hospitals with 31,000 beds in the country, but on 1 July 2011, the Ministry for Health and Social Solidarity announced its plans to decrease the number to 77 hospitals with 36,035 beds, as a necessary reform to reduce expenses and further enhance healthcare standards.[disputed – discuss]
Question: On what peninsula is Greece located?
Sentence: Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Question: When did the UN recommend the Partition Plan?
Sentence: On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly recommended the adoption and implementation of the Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine.
Question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year in the UK?
Sentence: Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed.
Question: After fleeing France, where did Louis XVIII go?
Sentence: The unpopular Louis XVIII fled to Belgium after realizing he had little political support.
Question: Where did Nigeria's 2012 GDP rank?
Sentence: The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.
Question: CBC was eclusive carrier of what other sport during the 2004-2005 season?
Sentence: It was also the exclusive carrier of Canadian Curling Association events during the 2004–2005 season.
Question: Who was expelled from Valencia after James I's victory?
Sentence: James I granted the city new charters of law, the Furs of Valencia, which later were extended to the whole kingdom of Valencia.
Question: What particular pollutant was Schwarzenegger addressing with his 2006 executive order?
Sentence: They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states.
Question: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what?
Sentence: In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age.
Question: In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?
Sentence: In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time.
Question: What do some people think we need more of to prevent for-profit providers of TB treatment from over-prescribing?
Sentence: Mark Dybul: "we have the tools to end TB as a pandemic and public health threat on the planet, but we are not doing it.
Question: In what year was the tantalum light filament invented?
Sentence: In 1902, the Siemens company developed a tantalum lamp filament.
Question: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel follow the authority of whom in certain matters?
Sentence: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel are obliged to follow the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in halakhic matters.
Question: Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?
Sentence: The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population.
Question: What percentage of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations?
Sentence: Not only did blacks set up some independent congregations in the South before the American Civil War, freedmen quickly separated from white congregations and associations after the war.
Question: What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from?
Sentence: Historically since the era of New Spain, many Filipinos settled in the city and have become integrated in Mexican society.
Question: Who are the other makers from the Loar period?
Sentence: Other makers from the Loar period and earlier include Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers.
Question: The idea of culture in Europe in the 19th century reflected what during this time period?
Sentence: In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.
Question: How many workers did Dell plan to have at their Ottawa call center?
Sentence: Less than a year later, Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3,000 workers add a new building.
Question: in what century was a school of polyphony established at Notre Dame?
Sentence: During the reign of Francois I, the lute became popular in the French court, and a national musical printing house was established.
Question: What time period corresponds with the Mississippian cultural phase in early Tennessee history?
Sentence: The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago.
Question: When was the current USAF dress uniform standardized?
Sentence: USAF personnel assigned to Base Honor Guard duties wear, for certain occasions, a modified version of the standard service dress uniform, but with silver trim on the sleeves and trousers, with the addition of a ceremonial belt (if necessary), wheel cap with silver trim and Hap Arnold Device, and a silver aiguillette placed on the left shoulder seam and all devices and accoutrement.
Question: When was the first typewritter with a shift key created?
Sentence: The parentheses could not correspond to 9 and 0, however, because the place corresponding to 0 was taken by the space character.