xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What was Ignac Fulop Semmelweis' profession?
Sentence: In 1847, Hungarian physician Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis dramatically reduced the occurrency of puerperal fever by simply requiring physicians to wash their hands before attending to women in childbirth.
Question: What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current?
Sentence: It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light.
Question: Which plan defended the "No Re-election" principle?
Sentence: The Plan of Tuxtepec defended the "No Re-election" principle.
Question: Who discovered that Karim had lied about his parentage to Victoria?
Sentence: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do.
Question: What is a type of case heard by the Supreme Administrative Court?
Sentence: If a lower court has to try a case which involves a question where there is no settled interpretation of the law, it can also refer the question to the relevant Supreme Court for an answer.
Question: In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?
Sentence: Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers.
Question: During World War II what resistance movement did he lead?
Sentence: While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, and concerns about the repression of political opponents have been raised, Tito was "seen by most as a benevolent dictator" due to his economic and diplomatic policies.
Question: where did house music gain popularity in the middle east?
Sentence: Numerous live performance events dedicated to house music were founded during the course of the decade, including Shambhala Music Festival and major industry sponsored events like Miami's Winter Music Conference.
Question: When was the Smart Bodies initiative first released?
Sentence: An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation.
Question: How many cantons are in Switzerland's federal directorial republic?
Sentence: While still named the "Swiss Confederation" for historical reasons, modern Switzerland is a federal directorial republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities, called Bundesstadt ("federal city").[note 3]
Question: Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice?
Sentence: Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the history and dynamics of floating ice, seasonal snow, glaciers, and ice sheets.
Question: In what year did the Korean war end?
Sentence: After repeated advances and retreats by both sides, and the PRC People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in 1953.
Question: What synthetic product is produced by upgraders?
Sentence: In Alberta, five bitumen upgraders produce synthetic crude oil and a variety of other products: The Suncor Energy upgrader near Fort McMurray, Alberta produces synthetic crude oil plus diesel fuel; the Syncrude Canada, Canadian Natural Resources, and Nexen upgraders near Fort McMurray produce synthetic crude oil; and the Shell Scotford Upgrader near Edmonton produces synthetic crude oil plus an intermediate feedstock for the nearby Shell Oil Refinery.
Question: Why did Microsoft change the tablet resolution minimum?
Sentence: In March 2013, Microsoft also amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum; this change is expected to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors—a market which is currently dominated by Android-based tablets.
Question: What event soured relations of US and Egypt in 2013?
Sentence: Nevertheless, ties between the two countries have partially soured since the July 2013 military coup that deposed Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, with the Obama administration condemning Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, and cancelling future military exercises involving the two countries.
Question: Who was excluded from the censuses conducted by the Greeks?
Sentence: After the partition of the island in 1974, Greeks conducted four more censuses: in 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001; these excluded the Turkish population which was resident in the northern part of the island.
Question: Who was forced into confinement in mellahs?
Sentence: In modern times, it has become commonplace for standard antisemitic themes to be conflated with anti-Zionist publications and pronouncements of Islamic movements such as Hezbollah and Hamas, in the pronouncements of various agencies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and even in the newspapers and other publications of Turkish Refah Partisi."
Question: About how many private radio stations does the region of Puntland have?
Sentence: Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest has one government-operated radio station.
Question: What can zinc cause damage to in the nose?
Sentence: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia.
Question: To whom did Philip's sisters marry?
Sentence: Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her.
Question: What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism?
Sentence: According to the doctrine of impermanence, life embodies this flux in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra), and in any experience of loss.
Question: In what decade could one find an "English looking" pub trend in Canada?
Sentence: In the 1800s the term used was "public house" as in England but "pub culture" did not spread to Canada.
Question: As a grade school child he created an electronic device while his parents were away, what was it?
Sentence: When he was in grade school, he created a home burglar alarm system while his parents were out for the day running errands.
Question: When did Prince Igor past away?
Sentence: By the end of his short life, Sviatoslav carved out for himself the largest state in Europe, eventually moving his capital from Kiev to Pereyaslavets on the Danube in 969.
Question: Who has compulsory military service in Switzerland?
Sentence: Men usually receive military conscription orders for training at the age of 18.
Question: Where are minimal quotations commonly used?
Sentence: Article 10 of the Berne Convention mandates that national laws provide for limitations to copyright, so that copyright protection does not extend to certain kinds of uses that fall under what the treaty calls "fair practice," including but not limited to minimal quotations used in journalism and education.
Question: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?
Sentence: Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean.
Question: What brothers were instrumental in this Greek movement of neoclassicism?
Sentence: The revolution begun by Stuart was soon to be eclipsed by the work of the Adam Brothers, James Wyatt, Sir William Chambers, George Dance, James Gandon and provincially based architects such as John Carr and Thomas Harrison of Chester.
Question: When did Queen + Adam Lambert perform at the iHeartRadio Music Festival?
Sentence: On 6 March 2014, the band announced on Good Morning America that Queen + Adam Lambert will tour North America in Summer 2014.
Question: What is the highest temperature recorded in NYC?
Sentence: Extreme temperatures have ranged from −15 °F (−26 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936.
Question: Who has Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office been accused of lying to about child abuse?
Sentence: Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has been accused of lying to the United Nations about child abuse in St Helena to cover up allegations, including cases of a police officer having raped a four-year-old girl and of a police officer having mutilated a two-year-old.
Question: Many people of which ethnicity moved to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean?
Sentence: Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland.
Question: How many users were paid for in 2004?
Sentence: In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million.
Question: What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he found these notes?
Sentence: In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there."
Question: Who did Apple partner with to monitor its labor policies?
Sentence: Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the code allowed.
Question: What are some thrash metal bands?
Sentence: Some bands, such as Queen, moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others, including Rush with Moving Pictures (1981), began to return to a hard rock sound.
Question: What does a person have to have to be an octoroon?
Sentence: Some 19th-century categorization schemes defined people by proportion of African ancestry: a person whose parents were black and white was classified as mulatto, with one black grandparent and three white as quadroon, and with one black great-grandparent and the remainder white as octoroon.
Question: Who coined the term phytochoria?
Sentence: Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan.
Question: By 2011, how many people were affected by asthma?
Sentence: The reason for these differences is not well known.
Question: Liberia's account deficit peaked at what percentage in 2008?
Sentence: In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone.
Question: In what year was the biggest public library in Hyderabad created?
Sentence: Hyderabad has continued with these traditions in its annual Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, showcasing the city's literary and cultural creativity.
Question: What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat?
Sentence: Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term.
Question: What race was Clayton Lockett?
Sentence: In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett.
Question: What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs?
Sentence: A notable political union of the 20th century that covered most South Slavs was Yugoslavia, but it ultimately broke apart in the 1990s along with the Soviet Union.
Question: Which pope proclaimed the Immaculate Conception of Mary?
Sentence: Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin.
Question: What dynamic weather does Neptune have?
Sentence: The difference in flow direction is thought to be a "skin effect" and not due to any deeper atmospheric processes.
Question: Poppers notion of verisimilitude leaves no place for which kind of probabilities in the evaluation of scientific hypotheses?
Sentence: And, in this way, one theory can be evaluated as more or less true than another on a quantitative basis which, Popper emphasises forcefully, has nothing to do with "subjective probabilities" or other merely "epistemic" considerations.
Question: What year did Maria Wodzińska's mother tell Chopin that he likely would not marry her daughter?
Sentence: Is she really a woman?"
Question: who sang the hit single "vogue"?
Sentence: The single is credited as helping to bring house music to the US mainstream.
Question: Although "Superstorm Sandy" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?
Sentence: "Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed.
Question: What is the short hand code for Mexico City's largest airport?
Sentence: Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX).
Question: What poet did Chopin use verses from for songs?
Sentence: In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity.
Question: What US Chief of Staff of the US Air Force also resigned in June of 2008?
Sentence: The resignations were also the culmination of disputes between the Air Force leadership, populated primarily by non-nuclear background fighter pilots, versus Gates.
Question: Which architect designed the Broadway Village shopping Center?
Sentence: Local retail business in Central Tucson is densely concentrated along Fourth Avenue and the Main Gate Square on University Boulevard near the UA campus.
Question: How long does the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo last?
Sentence: Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.
Question: Where did the 1948 Summer Olympics in London take place?
Sentence: London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925.
Question: What part of the airway does emphysema affect?
Sentence: In contrast to emphysema, asthma affects the bronchi, not the alveoli.
Question: Where does it start in Canada?
Sentence: The range is mostly located in the United States but extends into southeastern Canada, forming a zone from 100 to 300 mi (160 to 480 km) wide, running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 mi (2,400 km) southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States.[discuss]
Question: Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans?
Sentence: However, when the first captives were brought to the Americas, they were often combined with other groups from West Africa, and individual ethnic affiliations were not generally acknowledged by English colonists.
Question: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?
Sentence: This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym.
Question: Who coined the term "genocide"?
Sentence: The word genocide was not in use before 1944.
Question: Which British ministers disagreed with Burke's Reflections?
Sentence: Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues.
Question: What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs?
Sentence: Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are positive to the Mantoux test.
Question: In which locations is the Institute of Development Management?
Sentence: SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland that provides training, consultancy, and research in management.
Question: What time period was Avenue X set in?
Sentence: The musical style of the show's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s.
Question: Which way do Vampirovibrio absorb nutrients of other microorganisms?
Sentence: These predatory bacteria are thought to have evolved from saprophages that consumed dead microorganisms, through adaptations that allowed them to entrap and kill other organisms.
Question: In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with?
Sentence: In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with each other in a common tongue while serving in the Italian military.
Question: What was the name of the doctrine that separated church and non-religious affairs?
Sentence: Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms).
Question: In which year did British librarians rank To Kill a Mockingbird ahead of the Bible?
Sentence: Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book, "an astonishing phenomenon".
Question: What are earnings from crude oil in Rajasthan expected to be in 2013?
Sentence: This earning is expected to reach ₹250 million per day in 2013 (which is an increase of ₹100 million or more than 66 percent).
Question: China has how much wind power installed?
Sentence: Some of the second-generation renewables, such as wind power, have high potential and have already realised relatively low production costs.
Question: What was the first day of the 2015 AFL season?
Sentence: The Dallas Vigilantes were left off the schedule for the 2012 season with no announcement from the management, raising speculations that either the team had suspended operations for the season or was ceasing operations altogether.
Question: What idea did Adam Smith disagree with?
Sentence: Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour.
Question: What is the scientific name for cell division?
Sentence: The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore, the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e., cell division).
Question: Where did the 1982 FIFA World Cup take place?
Sentence: Under Ron Greenwood, they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain (the first time competitively since 1962); despite not losing a game, they were eliminated in the second group stage.
Question: Why is cycling popular in Tucson?
Sentence: Tucson was awarded a gold rating for bicycle-friendliness by the League of American Bicyclists in 2006.
Question: What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?
Sentence: All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with the host.
Question: When was Take Me Out to a Cubs game released?
Sentence: An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008.
Question: When did Kangxi die?
Sentence: In the later years of Kangxi's reign, Yongzheng and his brothers had fought, and there were rumours that he had usurped the throne(most of the rumours believe that Yongzheng's brother Yingzhen (Kangxi's 14th son) is the real successor of Kangxi Emperor, the reason why Yingzhen failed to sit on the throne is because Yongzheng and his confidant Keduo Long tampered the content of Kangxi's testament at the night when Kangxi passed away), a charge for which there is little evidence.
Question: When did the Great Migration occur?
Sentence: By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century.
Question: Which singer did an ad for the LD-700 player in 1984?
Sentence: A 1984 Ray Charles ad for the LD-700 player bore the term "Pioneer LaserDisc brand videodisc player".
Question: What was the primary base of the Royal navy during World War I?
Sentence: Although major units of the Royal Navy moved to the safety of Scapa Flow, Devonport was an important base for escort vessels and repairs.
Question: How much sun does Palermo see each year?
Sentence: Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night.
Question: What did engineers at CNES report in June 2007?
Sentence: Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals.
Question: What are people in stigmatized jobs forced to create?
Sentence: People in these types of jobs are forced to find ways in order to create an identity they can live with.
Question: In some world states who did the people turn to?
Sentence: The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right.
Question: Which cant is often used by Irish Travellers?
Sentence: The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languages—the last of their continental relations becoming extinct before the 7th century.
Question: Where did Arthur Holly Compton work before returning to Washington University?
Sentence: Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships.
Question: What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture?
Sentence: Hunting and fishing have also been very common, although currently hunting and fishing are enjoyed mostly as hobbies.
Question: What 5 criteria did neorealist use to determine great powers?
Sentence: Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."
Question: What is the primary race of the population of the Randolph neighborhood?
Sentence: South of the Downtown Expressway are Byrd Park, Maymont, Hollywood Cemetery, the predominantly black working class Randolph neighborhood, and white working class Oregon Hill.
Question: What calendar do Punjab's farmers use?
Sentence: Its canal-irrigation system established by the British is the largest in the world.
Question: Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ?
Sentence: Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.
Question: What is the name of the activist who promised peaceful protests?
Sentence: Among other activities, protesters organized an alternative march that went from the Obelisk to the city hall, featuring their own "Human Rights Torch."
Question: In what year was the film Airport made?
Sentence: In the early 1970s, Universal teamed up with Paramount Pictures to form Cinema International Corporation, which distributed films by Paramount and Universal worldwide.