xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What modern concept was created from many fields of mathematics?
Sentence: The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics.
Question: Where is the fire department's training academy located?
Sentence: There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units.
Question: What do the terms "Early Modern" and  'Modern Ages" originate from?
Sentence: The term "Early Modern" was introduced in the English language in the 1930s.
Question: In what central New Haven location did protesters of the Black Panther trials congregate?
Sentence: Beginning on May Day, the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters, college students, and New Left activists (including Jean Genet, Benjamin Spock, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, and John Froines), who amassed on the New Haven Green, across the street from where the trials were being held.
Question: Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of medieval universities?
Sentence: Many scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades).
Question: In what year was the iTunes store established?
Sentence: The store became the market leader soon after its launch and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005.
Question: What was the time span of the Shunga Empire?
Sentence: The Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE.
Question: What did Kerry fundraise for?
Sentence: He spent some time working as a fundraiser for the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), an international humanitarian organization.
Question: The French invader coined his own style of mosaic named what?
Sentence: He has done almost all his work in two very distinct mosaic styles, the first of which are small "traditional" tile mosaics of 8 bit video game character, installed in cities across the globe, and the second of which are a style he refers to as "Rubikcubism", which uses a kind of dual layer mosaic via grids of scrambled Rubik's Cubes.
Question: In her music, what are some recurring elements in them?
Sentence: Throughout a career spanning 19 years, she has sold over 118 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.
Question: The different colors of phosphors that can be used is based on what?
Sentence: Depending on the color of the original LED, phosphors of different colors can be employed.
Question: Along with the local police, what profession is given as an example of someone who might use the snug?
Sentence: The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.
Question: What is the name of the sheriff who shot William Whitney Brazelton?
Sentence: They found Stilwell lying in wait for Virgil in the Tucson station and killed him on the tracks.
Question: For how many years was Saint Athanasius of Alexandria a bishop?
Sentence: His episcopate lasted 45 years (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373), of which over 17 were spent in five exiles ordered by four different Roman emperors.
Question: When does Amarkosh date to?
Sentence: Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found.
Question: What is the percent of tertiary education enrollment?
Sentence: As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%.
Question: When were young boys employed in the glass making industries?
Sentence: In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries.
Question: What is the formal name of the Interstate Highway System?
Sentence: The Interstate Highway System is officially known as the 'Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways' in his honor.
Question: Name the archaeology museum?
Sentence: History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia History, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in the state of Pennsylvania and The Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania and Eastern State Penitentiary.
Question: What was Nasser's position in Egypt's society?
Sentence: His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime.
Question: As a tree grows bigger, if the sapwood layer doesn't increase in volume, what will it become?
Sentence: As the tree gets larger, the sapwood must necessarily become thinner or increase materially in volume.
Question: What 1996 Nasser-related film set a box office record?
Sentence: The film set the Egyptian box office record at the time, and focused on Nasser during the Suez Crisis.
Question: What did he receive from the locals that changed his approach?
Sentence: So in a pivotal moment he accepted milk and rice from a village girl and changed his approach.
Question: On what date was the city liberated?
Sentence: While the First World War had not notably damaged the city, Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake.
Question: How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Sentence: BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright.
Question: What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs?
Sentence: The advantage was a 33% greater vertical resolution compared to letterboxed widescreen LaserDisc.
Question: What year did that take place?
Sentence: In 1993, Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the League Cup in the same season when they beat Sheffield Wednesday 2–1 in both finals.
Question: Where did carpet weaving initially spread to inside of the Empire?
Sentence: The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters.
Question: In what year was Whitehead born?
Sentence: Whitehead was apparently not particularly close with his mother, as he never mentioned her in any of his writings, and there is evidence that Whitehead's wife, Evelyn, had a low opinion of her.
Question: Where did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel through on their way to the Karmapa?
Sentence: Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407.
Question: What did Nasser do after mass demonstrations?
Sentence: Nasser retracted his decision the next day.
Question: What country had signed an agreement with Nasser in 1954?
Sentence: In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the canal company's profits, and upheld that the Egyptian people had a right to sovereignty over the waterway, especially since "120,000 Egyptians had died (sic)" building it.
Question: What currency does Portugal use?
Sentence: The Portuguese currency is the euro (€), which replaced the Portuguese Escudo, and the country was one of the original member states of the eurozone.
Question: How do fireworks create green sparks?
Sentence: Copper salts typically burn blue, but cupric chloride (also known as "campfire blue") can also produce green flames.
Question: When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?
Sentence: Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
Question: How many people were killed in the bombing?
Sentence: The blast and catastrophic collapse killed 168 people and injured over 680.
Question: On what date did Baker step down as commissioner of the AFL?
Sentence: Baker explained, "When I took over as commissioner, I thought it would be for one year.
Question: In what city was Tito interred?
Sentence: Tito was interred in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called "Museum 25 May" and "Museum of the Revolution").
Question: Beyoncé was raised in what religion?
Sentence: She was raised in a Methodist household.
Question: A small number of people declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith within what regions?
Sentence: Bosniak and Muslim are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably.
Question: What method is used to test software under a specific load?
Sentence: Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users.
Question: What is an element of Peruvian's Carnival not found in any other country's celebrations?
Sentence: It consisted basically of water battles in a traditional way,[clarification needed] while in later years it included playing with dirty water, mud, oil and colorants -and also including fighting and sometimes looting private property and sexual assaults on women.
Question: Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore?
Sentence: During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes.
Question: Which cultural do multicultural people usually identify with?
Sentence: Historical reasons, including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans, often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity, generally that of the culture in which they were raised.
Question: What encoding reduces the heterogeneity of a dataset by sorting SNPs?
Sentence: For this, Chanda, Elhaik, and Bader introduced MAF based encoding (MAFE), which reduces the heterogeneity of the dataset by sorting SNPs by their minor allele frequency, thus homogenizing the dataset.
Question: What altitude range is most migration recorded?
Sentence: Seabirds fly low over water but gain altitude when crossing land, and the reverse pattern is seen in landbirds.
Question: Was does ROPMA stand for in the USAF?
Sentence: Air Force officer promotions are governed by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA) for officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard.
Question: What are the qualifications offered?
Sentence: A range of qualifications are offered – from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:
Question: How much did the Confessions Tour make?
Sentence: Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of "Live to Tell".
Question: How many protestors were killed in the demonstration?
Sentence: Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet.
Question: In what year was The Moulin Rouge opened?
Sentence: The Moulin Rouge was opened in 1889.
Question: In what year did the historic old town in the center of Bern become a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Sentence: In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Question: What was the goal of MAD?
Sentence: His goal was to quickly develop ICBMs and the compact hydrogen bombs that they could deliver to the USSR, and he knew the Soviets were doing similar work because the CIA interviewed German rocket scientists who were allowed to return to Germany, and von Neumann had planted a dozen technical people in the CIA.
Question: Who were the people that were power political and economic force in Victoria in 1845?
Sentence: The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters to take possession of Aboriginal lands.
Question: Which president at Notre Dame created the College of Science?
Sentence: The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon.
Question: The rabies vaccine was created in what year?
Sentence: The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used.
Question: What entity provides help with the management of time for new students at Notre Dame?
Sentence: All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program.
Question: At what milestone was the archive made public?
Sentence: Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database.
Question: In 1930s how many indentured children were there?
Sentence: There were even Verdingkinder auctions where children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money from the authorities, thus securing cheap labour for his farm and relieving the authority from the financial burden of looking after the children.
Question: Where were the inspirations for the new phase of neoclassicism centered?
Sentence: The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses.
Question: Madonna sold how many albums worldwide?
Sentence: Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide.
Question: Who established the Berg-Schola?
Sentence: The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining.
Question: What is SEATO?
Sentence: Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)
Question: Where has there been a rise of indigenous movements in recent years?
Sentence: Similar movements for indigenous rights can also be seen in Canada and the United States, with movements like the International Indian Treaty Council and the accession of native Indian group into the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.
Question: What is one of the main things John Rolfe is known for?
Sentence: It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.
Question: Who invented the term "urban adult contemporary format"?
Sentence: In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently.
Question: When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end?
Sentence: A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905.
Question: Along with anti-death penalty advocacy, why has there been a shortage in drugs for lethal injections in the United States?
Sentence: The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be used in an execution; this has prevented executioners from using EU-manufactured anesthetics like propofol which are needed for general medical purposes.
Question: What is the busiest airport in Paris?
Sentence: Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France.
Question: The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?
Sentence: In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg (CLIPSAS) was set up, which today provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide.
Question: Which team won the first recorded Canadian football game?
Sentence: The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada).
Question: What is expedition tourism to Antarctica subject to?
Sentence: Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).
Question: Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400?
Sentence: The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400.
Question: Who were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel?
Sentence: Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process.
Question: In what year did the Human Development Report introduce the IHDI?
Sentence: While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)."
Question: What did President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf have installed in her presidential office?
Sentence: One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892.
Question: In what area did Catalan develop?
Sentence: Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin around the eastern Pyrenees in the 9th century.
Question: Which area of Western Alaska is techincally a desert?
Sentence: An area stretching from the northern side of the Seward Peninsula to the Kobuk River valley (i. e., the region around Kotzebue Sound) is technically a desert, with portions receiving less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually.
Question: Which far away cities in other countries could feel the earthquake?
Sentence: The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai—1,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor.
Question: What was the name of the manifesto that Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger produced?
Sentence: As a group of Reform Rabbis convened in Braunschweig, Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger of Altona published a manifesto entitled "Shlomei Emunei Yisrael" in German and Hebrew, having 177 Rabbis sign on.
Question: What was the name of Victoria's husband?
Sentence: Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840.
Question: Who believes that the market does not value nature's service adequately?
Sentence: It also favors the near term over the long term, thereby showing limited concern for future generations.
Question: What is the name of the range where the Intermontane plateaus end?
Sentence: The Intermontane Plateaus come to an end at the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada.
Question: In general how many people attend these music concerts?
Sentence: The New Haven Green is the site of many free music concerts, especially during the summer months.
Question: What did the Muslim Brotherhood want to happen to Nasser?
Sentence: Nasser was forced to acquiesce, but delayed Naguib's reinstatement until 4 March, allowing him to promote Amer to Commander of the Armed Forces—a position formerly occupied by Naguib.
Question: The IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard specifies a what?
Sentence: However, USB is cheaper than PoE provided that the distance is short, and power demand is low.
Question: The single, "Listen" was featured in which movie?
Sentence: To promote the film, Beyoncé released "Listen" as the lead single from the soundtrack album.
Question: The economy grows at what rate in the last few years?
Sentence: The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%.
Question: What type of societies were usually still successful after dealing with famine?
Sentence: In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that otherwise may not have been routinely experienced by prior hunter-gatherer communities.
Question: What would you call a frame that holds the cask of beer horizontally when it arrives at the pub?
Sentence: Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool to cellar temperature (typically between 11–13 °C or 52–55 °F), before being tapped and vented—a tap is driven through a (usually rubber) bung at the bottom of one end, and a hard spile or other implement is used to open a hole in the side of the cask, which is now uppermost.
Question: In which country did Madonna rubbed the country's flag between her thighs that anger the public?
Sentence: In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it.
Question: Characters with what marks can be displayed as a single character or a decomposed sequence?
Sentence: For example, ḗ (precomposed e with macron and acute above) and ḗ (e followed by the combining macron above and combining acute above) should be rendered identically, both appearing as an e with a macron and acute accent, but in practice, their appearance may vary depending upon what rendering engine and fonts are being used to display the characters.
Question: In what kind of countries is the celebration of Valentine's day forbidden?
Sentence: The celebration of Saint Valentine's Day is forbidden or strongly condemned in many Islamic countries, including Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran.
Question: The Imperial War Cabinet was created by which British Prime Minister?
Sentence: The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right.
Question: Literate men acknowledged Virgil as a master poet despite what empire collapsing?
Sentence: Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet.
Question: What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of?
Sentence: Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed]
Question: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?
Sentence: On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010.
Question: How long of an 'apprenticeship' did slaves need to have before being fully freed?
Sentence: With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire.
Question: How many members are in a house?
Sentence: The House, led by a speaker, has 73 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members.
Question: How many undergraduate programs are offered by Northwestern?
Sentence: Northwestern is a large, residential research university.
Question: Two of the three Catholic high schools are operated by which religious group?
Sentence: As of 2013[update] there are four Catholic grade schools and three Catholic high schools in the City of Detroit, with all of them in the city's west side.
Question: Greece and ESA signed their first agreement in what year?
Sentence: Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005.