xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: When was the centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution made explicit?
Sentence: This was the first case in which the court applied the Establishment Clause to the laws of a state, having interpreted the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as applying the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal legislature.
Question: How many elements did the Chinese philosophers think the world was made of?
Sentence: Each Emperor chose the color that his fortune-tellers believed would bring the most prosperity and good fortune to his reign.
Question: What was Comcast's profit margin in 2009?
Sentence: Net profit margin rose from 4.2% in 1999 to 8.4% in 2009, with operating margins improving 31 percent and return on equity doubling to 6.7 percent in the same time span.
Question: What did an established church, even at the state level, have?
Sentence: There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level.
Question: Where did the groups the genetic clusters were taken from live from each other?
Sentence: It was thought that such large geographic distances would maximize the genetic variation between the groups sampled in the analysis and thus maximize the probability of finding cluster patterns unique to each group.
Question: About when did Alsace lose its prosperity?
Sentence: An additional natural disaster was the Rhine rift earthquake of 1356, one of Europe's worst which made ruins of Basel.
Question: What did the American Embargoes prevent Japan from aquiring?
Sentence: With the occupation of French Indochina in the years of 1940–41, and with the continuing war in China, the United States placed embargoes on Japan of strategic materials such as scrap metal and oil, which were vitally needed for the war effort.
Question: What type of God did Whitehead believe existed?
Sentence: Whitehead posited that these ordered potentials exist in what he called the primordial nature of God.
Question: What type of economy did Philadelphia have?
Sentence: The state government left Philadelphia in 1799, and the federal government was moved to Washington, DC in 1800 with completion of the White House and Capitol.
Question: What is a polular green soup of Egypt?
Sentence: Garlic fried with coriander is added to mulukhiyya, a popular green soup made from finely chopped jute leaves, sometimes with chicken or rabbit.
Question: WWhat's the first thing to happen when the switch is activated?
Sentence: The access key switches will allow the car to move at reduced inspection speed with the hoistway door open.
Question: Which ranch applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations?
Sentence: State laws have dramatically diverged in the centuries since independence, to the extent that the United States cannot be regarded as one legal system as to the majority of types of law traditionally under state control, but must be regarded as 50 separate systems of tort law, family law, property law, contract law, criminal law, and so on.
Question: When did the design begin for the 12.8 centimeter FlaK?
Sentence: In 1938 design started on the 12.8 cm FlaK.
Question: What Scythian weapon was used during this era?
Sentence: During the early invasion period, the stirrup had not been introduced into warfare, which limited the usefulness of cavalry as shock troops because it was not possible to put the full force of the horse and rider behind blows struck by the rider.
Question: When was the sash window developed?
Sentence: To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread.
Question: What does Lykegenes mean?
Sentence: However, this story may reflect a cultural influence which had the reverse direction: Hittite cuneiform texts mention a Minor Asian god called Appaliunas or Apalunas in connection with the city of Wilusa attested in Hittite inscriptions, which is now generally regarded as being identical with the Greek Ilion by most scholars.
Question: Out of the precipitation that falls, how much of it is snow?
Sentence: The city receives about 35.9 inches (91.2 cm) of precipitation annually, of which 8.6 inches (21.8 cm) is snow.
Question: When did the First Aliyah begin?
Sentence: Although the Zionist movement already existed in practice, Austro-Hungarian journalist Theodor Herzl is credited with founding political Zionism, a movement which sought to establish a Jewish state in the Land of Israel, thus offering a solution to the so-called Jewish Question of the European states, in conformity with the goals and achievements of other national projects of the time.
Question: In what year was the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company founded?
Sentence: The Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was a Dutch company founded in 1890 to develop an oilfield in Sumatra, and initially led by August Kessler, Hugo Loudon, and Henri Deterding.
Question: Whose technology did Apple take advantage of when introducing the Macintosh II?
Sentence: Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor.
Question: Queen's final tour with Freddie Mercury was in what year?
Sentence: In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury.
Question: Which portions of the immune system can be safely removed in these emergency cases?
Sentence: Prior to the designation of immunity from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for "exempt"; early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system.
Question: What percent of ownership of the new company was awarded to the British?
Sentence: The terms of the merger gave 60 percent ownership of the new group to the Dutch arm and 40 percent to the British.
Question: 181st Street runs through what neighborhood?
Sentence: 181st Street is a major thoroughfare running through the Washington Heights neighborhood.
Question: What did Saburo mean?
Sentence: For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age ceremony.
Question: Who was Princess Charlotte married to until her death?
Sentence: Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte's widower.
Question: What was the name of the album Queen released in 2014?
Sentence: Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success.
Question: Who captured him during World War I?
Sentence: After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains.
Question: Turkish Cypriots were prevented from doing what?
Sentence: In some areas, Greek Cypriots prevented Turkish Cypriots from travelling and entering government buildings, while some Turkish Cypriots willingly withdrew due to the calls of the Turkish Cypriot administration.
Question: When did Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose start suggesting Norfolk Island be closed as a penal settlement?
Sentence: As early as 1794, Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose suggested its closure as a penal settlement, as it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain.
Question: How many municipalities are there?
Sentence: However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
Question: What passed on July 18, 2007?
Sentence: Brussels' parliament passed the resolution on July 18, 2008:
Question: When Catalan reach Sardinia?
Sentence: The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century.
Question: What day in 2009 was Queen's Absolute Greatest released?
Sentence: The album was released on 16 November and peaked at number 3 in the official UK Chart.
Question: What is the average amount lived on per day?
Sentence: According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day.
Question: What is one of the C2 related functions that the Command and Control mission of the Air Force uses?
Sentence: Command and control is "the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission.
Question: What dynasty controlled Germany in the early High Middle Ages?
Sentence: He and his successors faced many difficulties, including the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid-13th century.
Question: What ancient group used bitumen extraction?
Sentence: After centuries of silence, the first mentions of Albanian bitumen appeared only in 1868, when the Frenchman Coquand published the first geological description of the deposits of Albanian bitumen.
Question: When did Apple begin phasing out Macintosh in favor of "Mac"?
Sentence: This first model was later renamed to "Macintosh 128k" for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture.
Question: Which male private school in Boston, USA has Eton formed a relationship with?
Sentence: Eton College is also a member of the G20 Schools Group, a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world, including Turkey's Robert College, the United States' Phillips Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy, Australia's Scotch College, Melbourne Grammar School and Launceston Church Grammar School, Singapore's Raffles Institution, and Switzerland's International School of Geneva.
Question: Schwarzenegger's initial divorce petition failed to provide for attorney's fee reimbursement and what other condition of divorce?
Sentence: Schwarzenegger will keep the Brentwood home as part of their divorce settlement and Shriver has purchased a new home nearby so that the children may travel easily between their parents' homes.
Question: When did the Southern Baptist Convention vote to adopt a resolution renouncing its racist roots?
Sentence: On 20 June 1995, the Southern Baptist Convention voted to adopt a resolution renouncing its racist roots and apologizing for its past defense of slavery.
Question: Name some important commodities that originated in Southeast asian region?
Sentence: The spice trade initially was developed by Indian and Arab merchants, but it also brought Europeans to the region.
Question: What Egyptian institution did Nasser and his friends want to end?
Sentence: It was here that Nasser and his closest comrades, including Sadat and Amer, first discussed their dissatisfaction at widespread corruption in the country and their desire to topple the monarchy.
Question: When did Longtan Containers Port Area open up?
Sentence: Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region.
Question: What superpower in 1980 created a stamp in honor of Avicenna?
Sentence: In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed]
Question: What fictional New Haven resident is featured in the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Iceland Flock?
Sentence: The TV show Gilmore Girls is set (but not filmed) in New Haven and at Yale University, as are scenes in the film
Question: When was the treaty to regulate mining agreed upon?
Sentence: In 1988, the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resources (CRAMRA) was adopted.
Question: What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?
Sentence: The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance.
Question: When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland?
Sentence: In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976.
Question: Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova?
Sentence: Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning "practicer of a common Slavic religion," and from that evolved into an ethnonym.
Question: How many aspects are there to Dukkha?
Sentence: The first truth explains the nature of dukkha.
Question: When The Times was bought in 1982, who resigned as editor?
Sentence: However, direct input of text by journalists ("single stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.
Question: When was direct integral introduced by von Neumann?
Sentence: The direct integral was introduced in 1949 by John von Neumann.
Question: What was the largest denomination in North Carolina in 2010?
Sentence: The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.
Question: When did Bush say the 'war on terror' ends?
Sentence: On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, "This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... " Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith.
Question: What industry did the government use to help pay for its military campaigns?
Sentence: The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations.
Question: What is a new term for NPOs that has started to see more use?
Sentence: The term "civil society organization" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance.
Question: In what kind of area did forest gardening start?
Sentence: Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed]
Question: Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government?
Sentence: Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old.
Question: What is the main mechanism for MI?
Sentence: The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque.
Question: What is AtDNA generally only used to measure?
Sentence: Autosomal "atDNA" markers are also used, but differ from mtDNA or Y-DNA in that they overlap significantly.
Question: Who was the ruler at the begining of Kievan?
Sentence: Kievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev.
Question: During what event was Legalism abolished?
Sentence: By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China.
Question: Where are offical tumbling competitions allowed?
Sentence: From 1974 to 1998 it was included as an event for both genders at the Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.
Question: What features were added to the lock screen?
Sentence: Windows 8 also adds native support for USB 3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices, and hard disk 4KB Advanced Format support, as well as support for near field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.
Question: What kind program is commonly used to move files between iTunes and an iPod?
Sentence: Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms.
Question: When did Andragoras' reign end?
Sentence: Arsaces II sued for peace became a vassal of the Seleucids and it was not until the reign of Phraates I (168–165 BCE), that the Arsacids would again begin to assert their independence.
Question: Who hosts the Star of the Month films?
Sentence: TCM regularly airs a "Star of the Month" throughout the year on Wednesdays starting at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, in which most, if not all, feature films from a classic film star are shown during that night's schedule.
Question: When did Arsenal become based in Highbury?
Sentence: In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway.
Question: What percentage of New York private sector jobs are in the securities industry?
Sentence: The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700.
Question: When did a similar revolt occur in Castile?
Sentence: The agermanats are comparable to the comuneros of neighbouring Castile, who fought a similar revolt against Charles from 1520–1522.
Question: Where is the Silbermann organ located?
Sentence: In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids, the part Romanesque, part Gothic, very large Église Saint-Thomas with its Silbermann organ on which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Schweitzer played, the Gothic Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its cloister partly from the eleventh century, the Gothic Église Saint-Guillaume with its fine early-Renaissance stained glass and furniture, the Gothic Église Saint-Jean, the part Gothic, part Art Nouveau Église Sainte-Madeleine, etc.
Question: What power plant was damaged by the earthquake?
Sentence: The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged.
Question: What can be reused after the formation?
Sentence: The process also produces alumina, but the expensive gallium, which prevents the formation of an oxide skin on the pellets, can be re-used.
Question: In the U.S what does "Cultural Studies" focus largely on in this field?
Sentence: Cultural studies in this sense, then, can be viewed as a limited concentration scoped on the intricacies of consumerism, which belongs to a wider culture sometimes referred to as "Western Civilization" or as "Globalism."
Question: Who did Frédéric visit Berlin with in September 1828?
Sentence: On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist.
Question: What happens to grain when it is soaked in water?
Sentence: Grain is malted by soaking it in water, allowing it to begin germination, and then drying the partially germinated grain in a kiln.
Question: Where was the destination of Kaleva?
Sentence: The following day, some 90,000 additional troops entered the country.
Question: What is the highest point in Eritrea?
Sentence: The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.
Question: What was the Palma family sent to Antarctica to determine?
Sentence: Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station.
Question: When did Russian language spread to the peasants?
Sentence: By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government.
Question: What was the value of CDOs at their peak in 2006?
Sentence: In 2009, private issuance was less than $150 billion, and almost all of it was asset-backed issuance supported by the Federal Reserve's TALF program to aid credit card, auto and small-business lenders.
Question: Which BYU college was founded by former alumnus Harvey Fletcher?
Sentence: Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic sound, went on to carry out the now famous oil-drop experiment with Robert Millikan, and was later Founding Dean of the BYU College of Engineering.
Question: When did the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union reform?
Sentence: On 23 October 1501, at Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union was reformed at the Union of Mielnik (Polish: unia mielnicka, unia piotrkowsko-mielnicka).
Question: How many square miles are land in NYC?
Sentence: 164.1 sq mi (425 km2) of this is water and 304.8 sq mi (789 km2) is land.
Question: Pierre Gassendi lived from what year to what year?
Sentence: John "Walking" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).
Question: When did the slave trade hit the CAR region?
Sentence: In the mid 19th century, the Bobangi people became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast.
Question: What term does Luther assign to the practice of Jewish Prayer?
Sentence: In his work "On the Jews and Their Lies" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was "assailed by much heresy", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, "as it still does daily before our eyes."
Question: Did the followers of Meletius obey the guidelines of Nicaea?
Sentence: Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335.
Question: What did Ptolemy suggest that a southern land mass would do to preserve?
Sentence: Even in the late 17th century, after explorers had found that South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size.
Question: Why did tigers became extinct in Sariska?
Sentence: At one point, due to poaching and negligence, tigers became extinct at Sariska, but five tigers have been relocated there.
Question: Theravada means what?
Sentence: Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana.
Question: Which group do humans belong too?
Sentence: Most mammals, including the six most species-rich orders, belong to the placental group.
Question: What is the overwhelming ethnic majority in Nanjing?
Sentence: As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities.
Question: In comparison to blue and green, what would describe the wavelength of orange or red light?
Sentence: Colors with a shorter wavelength, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, and are removed from the light that finally reaches the eye.
Question: What technique can be used to produce images of internal abnormalities?
Sentence: More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient.
Question: What was proclaimed the state religion under Theodosius I?
Sentence: The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius
Question: What does VLW stand for?
Sentence: After the war, the Aegidienkirche was not rebuilt and its ruins were left as a war memorial.