xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the mission of FAN?
Sentence: The fire service in the city is also overlooked by an international non-governmental organization, the Firefighters Volunteer Association of Nepal (FAN), which was established in 2000 with the purpose of raising public awareness about fire and improving safety.
Question: What does the term Sapere aude mean?
Sentence: He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently.
Question: Where did the intelligence information that led to the passage of Resolution 83 come from?
Sentence: Because the Soviet Union was boycotting the Security Council at the time, legal scholars posited that deciding upon an action of this type required the unanimous vote of the five permanent members.
Question: How many metric tons of bananas and copra does Samoa produce each year?
Sentence: The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons).
Question: Who did Emperor Xian give his throne to?
Sentence: By December his son Cao Pi (187–226 AD) had Emperor Xian relinquish the throne to him and is known posthumously as Emperor Wen of Wei.
Question: Who was appointed "keeper of the galleys?"
Sentence: William of Wrotham was appointed "keeper of the galleys", effectively John's chief admiral.
Question: Who was enslaved more often?
Sentence: When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab master's child, she was considered as umm walad or "mother of a child", a status that granted her privileged rights.
Question: When was the first meteorite found in Antarctica?
Sentence: The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adelie Land meteorite.
Question: Polish szlachta usually incorporated who?
Sentence: It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.)
Question: Which world leader favored the publication of Nazi-Soviet Relations to be printed?
Sentence: The decision to publish the key documents on German–Soviet relations, including the treaty and protocol, had been taken already in spring 1947.
Question: Shell's plans to drill in the Artic led to protests from which particular environmental group?
Sentence: However, after the purchase of a second offshore lease in 2008, Shell only commenced drilling work in 2012, due to the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits.
Question: How many students were in Tuvalu schools in 2010?
Sentence: In 2010, there were 1,918 students who were taught by 109 teachers (98 certified and 11 uncertified).
Question: Where does the Red Book mention copy protection?
Sentence: The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism.
Question: who colonized India and New Zealand?
Sentence: Laird asserts that the ruling Mongol khans never administered Tibet as part of China and instead ruled them as separate territories, comparing the Mongols with the British who colonized India and New Zealand, yet stating this does not make India part of New Zealand as a consequence.
Question: Who administered the oath of office and secrecy?
Sentence: Virbhadra Singh who has held the top office in Himachal five times in the past, was administered the oath of office and secrecy by Governor Urmila Singh at an open ceremony at the historic Ridge Maidan in Shimla.
Question: Who developed Chlorothiazide?
Sentence: In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered and developed chlorothiazide, which remains the most widely used antihypertensive drug today.
Question: What was the first place in North America with a Carnival tradition?
Sentence: From Italy, Carnival traditions spread to Spain, Portugal and France and from France to New France in North America.
Question: How man pins did the pre-Lightning dock connecter use?
Sentence: Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it can be inserted with either side facing up.
Question: Who designed the Gehry Tower?
Sentence: With around 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and one canal, Hanover offers a large variety of leisure activities.
Question: In terms of a beach, why might one see a red flag?
Sentence: The flag of the United States bears the colors of Britain, the colors of the French tricolore include red as part of the old Paris coat of arms, and other countries' flags, such as those of Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji, carry a small inset of the British flag in memory of their ties to that country.
Question: On what date was it reported that the Las Vegas Outlaws were shutting down?
Sentence: On August 9, 2015, ESPN reported that the New Orleans VooDoo and Las Vegas Outlaws had ceased operations, effective immediately, a claim which was subsequently validated on the AFL website.
Question: Normally neon lighting is considered what type of lighting?
Sentence: This uses diffuser panels hung like a suspended ceiling below fluorescent lights, and is considered general lighting.
Question: What is it called when congress terminates an appointment of the President?
Sentence: Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president.
Question: What was used in first recordings of vinyl records?
Sentence: Early versions of these master discs were soft wax, and later a harder lacquer was used.
Question: What did Gao Qiang tell reporters in Beijing?
Sentence: The Vice Minister of Health also suggested that the government would pick up the costs of care to earthquake victims, many of whom have little or no insurance: "The government should be responsible for providing medical treatment to them," he said.
Question: What are the top two computing devices consumers are choosing?
Sentence: Nonetheless, like other personal computer manufacturers, the Macintosh lines have been hurt by consumer trend towards smartphones and tablet computers (particularly Apple's own iPhone and iPad, respectively) as the computing devices of choice among consumers.
Question: When did Tennessee officially vote to secede?
Sentence: The title of "last to join the Confederacy" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.
Question: Why was collapsing the two values into one score a problem?
Sentence: A person who has only predominantly same sex reactions is different from someone with relatively little reaction but lots of same sex experience.
Question: How many refugees fled Russia to the Ottoman Empire from 1783 to 1913?
Sentence: Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia.
Question: Since when has environmental damage in Thuringia been reduced?
Sentence: The condition of forests, rivers and air was improved by modernizing factories, houses (decline of coal heating) and cars, and contaminated areas such as the former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated.
Question: Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?
Sentence: That is, since atheists gave themselves to no Supreme Authority and no law, and had no fear of eternal consequences, they were far more likely to disrupt society.
Question: What downtown New Haven restaurant was cited by the New York Times, Esquire and Wine Spectator for its outstanding Spanish cuisine?
Sentence: The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by Esquire and Wine Spectator magazines as well as the New York Times as the best Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.
Question: What did David Lloyd George's coalition government reject in 1921?
Sentence: The formation of a united ministry of defence was rejected by David Lloyd George's coalition government in 1921; but the Chiefs of Staff Committee was formed in 1923, for the purposes of inter-Service co-ordination.
Question: How many dorms for males are on the Notre Dame campus?
Sentence: There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years.
Question: What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature?
Sentence: The change in heat capacity at a glass transition and a melting transition of comparable materials are typically of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the change in active degrees of freedom is comparable as well.
Question: Who administered the minority groups?
Sentence: In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government.
Question: Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?
Sentence: There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South.
Question: When did iTunes become a sponsor on American Idol?
Sentence: All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program.
Question: In pronunciation what is Catalan different from?
Sentence: Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish).
Question: Where were idioms and vocabulary imported from?
Sentence: Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated.
Question: In what years was CP1251 encoding used in most Russian online usage?
Sentence: Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 8859-5) and Microsoft Windows (CP1251) created chaos and ended by establishing different encodings as de facto standards, with Windows-1251 becoming a de facto standard in Russian Internet and e-mail communication during the period of roughly 1995–2005.
Question: When were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched?
Sentence: On July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket.
Question: Why might more than 500 crimes have occurred each day at the turn of the century instead of the officially reported number?
Sentence: Some of the policies enacted included the installation of 11,000 security cameras around the city and a very large expansion of the police force.
Question: What numeral system originated in India?
Sentence: Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system.
Question: When was the 2nd edition of Burke's book published?
Sentence: Some reviewers failed to notice the ironic nature of the book, which led to Burke stating in the preface to the second edition (1757) that it was a satire.
Question: What larger group does political science belong to?
Sentence: Political science is a late arrival in terms of social sciences[citation needed].
Question: What is the ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys?
Sentence: Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development.
Question: Where did Kanye receive a scholarship to attend?
Sentence: After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English.
Question: What tool does DNA based diagnostics use?
Sentence: Diagnostics using DNA-based tools, such as polymerase chain reaction, are increasingly popular due to their specificity and speed, compared to culture-based methods.
Question: When TCM premiered, what was AMC called?
Sentence: The network originally served as a competitor to AMC – which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to TCM, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format.
Question: In what year did the cantonalist uprising occur?
Sentence: During the Cantonal Revolution of 1873, a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic, the city was consolidated with most of the nearby cities in the Federal Canton of Valencia (proclaimed on 19 July and dissolved on 7 August).
Question: "Crisis" comes from a Greek word meaning what?
Sentence: Some controversies that have shaped Baptists include the "missions crisis", the "slavery crisis", the "landmark crisis", and the "modernist crisis".
Question: What year were most Presbyterians in Scotland reunited?
Sentence: However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government.
Question: What did the ECB do to help stabilise the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis?
Sentence: In December 2007, the ECB decided in conjunction with the Federal Reserve System under a programme called Term auction facility to improve dollar liquidity in the eurozone and to stabilise the money market.
Question: Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?
Sentence: Modern dogs are more closely related to ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves.
Question: What can take advantage of these elements to add more gain?
Sentence: A Yagi-Uda array uses passive elements to greatly increase gain.
Question: In what year did Hudson's address the issue of parking within cities?
Sentence: After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers.
Question: How many plant species are close to extinction?
Sentence: Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction.
Question: Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems?
Sentence: Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings.
Question: When was the Valencian regional exhibition held?
Sentence: The new century was marked in Valencia with a major event, the Valencian regional exhibition of 1909 (La Exposición Regional Valenciana de 1909), which emulated the national and universal expositions held in other cities.
Question: How many reserve police officers do the Charleston Police Department have?
Sentence: The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department.
Question: Bushi formed new associations in what century?
Sentence: In time, large regional military families formed around members of the court aristocracy who had become prominent provincial figures.
Question: Which village had fallen into decay but the 17th century?
Sentence: By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland.
Question: In 1986, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh?
Sentence: In August 1987, Apple unveiled HyperCard and MultiFinder, which added cooperative multitasking to the Macintosh.
Question: In what year did The Greek Uprising take place?
Sentence: The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future.
Question: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?
Sentence: Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine.
Question: Does New Mexico have an official language?
Sentence: Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]
Question: What purpose did stelae serve?
Sentence: It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba.
Question: Instead of being language-specific what kind of tools are the principles of phonological analysis designed to be?
Sentence: The same principles have been applied to the analysis of sign languages (see Phonemes in sign languages), even though the sub-lexical units are not instantiated as speech sounds.
Question: What professional soccer organization is headquartered in New York?
Sentence: Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882.
Question: Is there a universal definition of astham?
Sentence: It is defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma as "a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role.
Question: What has been a cause of mass parrot poisonings attributed to zinc?
Sentence: Zinc is highly toxic in parrots and poisoning can often be fatal.
Question: How much did Barcelona pay to acquire Johan Cruyff?
Sentence: Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco.
Question: What aspects of Roman religion influenced Christian forms?
Sentence: Heretics as well as non-Christians were subject to exclusion from public life or persecution, but Rome's original religious hierarchy and many aspects of its ritual influenced Christian forms, and many pre-Christian beliefs and practices survived in Christian festivals and local traditions.
Question: Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?
Sentence: In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist.
Question: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?
Sentence: Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the 11 September attacks.
Question: Where are regulated future exchanges located?
Sentence: However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001.
Question: What does the Federal Reserve target?
Sentence: For example, in the case of the United States the Federal Reserve targets the federal funds rate, the rate at which member banks lend to one another overnight.
Question: Name one way  regulars choose their Pubs?
Sentence: The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord.
Question: What's the third largest sector providing jobs in Southampton?
Sentence: Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector.
Question: What year was the Medical Research Council created?
Sentence: Improvements in public health began significantly reducing rates of tuberculosis even before the arrival of streptomycin and other antibiotics, although the disease remained a significant threat to public health such that when the Medical Research Council was formed in Britain in 1913, its initial focus was tuberculosis research.
Question: How many tornadoes does North Carolina have per year?
Sentence: The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east.
Question: What monopolistic practice draws criticism of Comcast?
Sentence: Comcast has violated net neutrality practices in the past; and, despite Comcast's commitment to a narrow definition of net neutrality, critics advocate a definition of which precludes distinction between Comcast's private network services and the rest of the Internet.
Question: What structure was referred to as a "Palmerston's Folly"?
Sentence: On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly".
Question: What are spiral screws used for?
Sentence: The conveyor often includes partitions to ensure that the material moves forward.
Question: In what year was the Arab Revolutionary Front founded?
Sentence: The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent.
Question: What did Jacques Chirac have built?
Sentence: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly.
Question: What may be contracted into single characters?
Sentence: In certain cases compound words and set phrases may be contracted into single characters.
Question: What movement made a permanent mark on Protestantism in the U.S.?
Sentence: Pulling away from ritual, ceremony, sacramentalism and hierarchy, it made Christianity intensely personal to the average person by fostering a deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, and by encouraging introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal morality.
Question: What is Tucson's ABC station?
Sentence: KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27).
Question: Who change the Iraqi legal and penal code in 1980?
Sentence: Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".
Question: What were the primary contaminants contained in the pollution discharged into the Housatonic River?
Sentence: Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto was the primary contaminant of the pollution.
Question: When did Elizabeth start to bear a coat of royal arms?
Sentence: Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign.
Question: What era was underway 505 million years ago?
Sentence: Polychaetes diversified in the early Ordovician, about 488 to 474 million years ago.
Question: How are words ordered in Estonian canonically?
Sentence: Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language.
Question: Alsace was one of the few to vote for this measure from France, what was it?
Sentence: It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council.