xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause?
Sentence: The structure of Darwin's argument showed the influence of John Herschel, whose philosophy of science maintained that a mechanism could be called a vera causa (true cause) if three things could be demonstrated: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations.
Question: When did test transmissions of HDTV begin in Europe?
Sentence: Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe.
Question: What does the MoD wish to strengthen?
Sentence: The MoD states that its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability.
Question: When it was necessary for the Olympic Torch to be on an airplane, which one was used?
Sentence: Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games.
Question: Who requested that Burke support the French Revolution?
Sentence: On 4 November Charles-Jean-François Depont wrote to Burke, requesting that he endorse the Revolution.
Question: What is the name of Wallace Steven's work that explains how cubism can be translated into poetry?
Sentence: Though not as well remembered as the Cubist painters, these poets continue to influence and inspire; American poets John Ashbery and Ron Padgett have recently produced new translations of Reverdy's work.
Question: What was used to determine the position of planets within the solar system?
Sentence: The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, while the geographer Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth.
Question: When did the Estudiantina Figaro come to the US?
Sentence: " The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly enthusiastic crowds.
Question: What was the first manufactured fiber?
Sentence: The era of manufactured fibers began with the development of rayon in France in the 1890s.
Question: What number was Beyoncé on the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters list?
Sentence: In May 2011, Billboard magazine listed Beyoncé at number 17 on their list of the "Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters", for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
Question: If TB infection spreads to the central nervous system, what is it called?
Sentence: Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others.
Question: Why was it natural to have Ford Motor Company based in Cork?
Sentence: Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork, which was one of the main reasons for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork.
Question: Where in the National Archives can you view a copy of the Magna Carta?
Sentence: It also hosts a copy of the 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I. These are displayed to the public in the main chamber of the National Archives, which is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom.
Question: How much data space can an SNES cartridge use?
Sentence: However, most available memory access controllers only support mappings of up to 32 Mbit.
Question: Who is the father of the ideology Hayek came to support?
Sentence: It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship.
Question: What percentage of Somalis living in Britain reside in London?
Sentence: While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom.
Question: What did these attacks accomplish?
Sentence: The defences failed to prevent widespread damage but on some occasions did prevent German bombers concentrating on their targets.
Question: The Merseyside derby is also known as?
Sentence: The Merseyside derby is usually a sellout fixture, and has been known as the "friendly derby" because both sets of fans can often be seen side by side red and blue inside the stadium both at Anfield and Goodison Park.
Question: How many ministers serve in the government?
Sentence: The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of twelve ministers, including the Prime Minister.
Question: What features about the ditches suggests that it was built by people under a leader's command?
Sentence: These structures (and their later counterparts such as causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge) required considerable time and labour to construct, which suggests that some influential individuals were able to organise and direct human labour — though non-hierarchical and voluntary work remain possibilities.
Question: When did Masonic lodges start in Iraq?
Sentence: Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened.
Question: When did Kerry sponsor a resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam?
Sentence: In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain, that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam; it was intended to pave the way for normalization.
Question: Approximately how many Alsace and Lorraine men were forced into the German army during World War II?
Sentence: During the war, 130,000 young men from Alsace and Lorraine were inducted into the German army against their will (malgré-nous) and in some cases, the Waffen SS.
Question: In 2005, which was the only non-"Big Four" team to break the top four?
Sentence: In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005.
Question: What three elements determine the size of the air-gap area and back iron depth?
Sentence: The continuous torque density of conventional electric machines is determined by the size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth, which are determined by the power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation.
Question: What happens when an unconstitutional statute remains on the books?
Sentence: Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute.
Question: What school within the University of London would a student seeking a degree in the veterinary medicine likely attend?
Sentence: With 120,000 students in London, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK.
Question: What is the religious name given to the part of the country that includes the Carolinas?
Sentence: While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism.
Question: What happened to Atlantic City in the early part of the 20th century?
Sentence: Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels.
Question: North Korea and the United States have been characterized by a disagreement over one parties desire to create what with respect to security guarantees and nuclear proliferation?
Sentence: Another situation can occur when one party wishes to create an obligation under international law, but the other party does not.
Question: How was the assassination supposed to have been carried out?
Sentence: On 4 March, Nasser addressed the masses in Damascus and waved before them the Saudi check given to Syrian security chief and Nasser supporter Abdel Hamid Sarraj to shoot down Nasser's plane.
Question: Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to?
Sentence: Chan writes that this was perhaps the calculated strategy of the Yongle Emperor, as exclusive patronage to one Tibetan sect would have given it too much regional power.
Question: The increase in immigrants from what country in southern Europe had a notable impact on the population growth in New Haven in the early 20th century?
Sentence: (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the Winchester plant are now a part of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company Historic District.)
Question: Who was a recent mayor of Miami?
Sentence: The city has begun construction of bike routes as of late 2009, and ordinances requiring bike parking in all future construction in the city became mandatory as of October 2009.
Question: What does MIH stand for?
Sentence: This process, known as the maternal immunization hypothesis (MIH), would begin when cells from a male fetus enter the mother's circulation during pregnancy or while giving birth.
Question: What are the two major differences between cantons?
Sentence: The cantons have a permanent constitutional status and, in comparison with the situation in other countries, a high degree of independence.
Question: How much did Adventures of Tintin earn?
Sentence: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, was not released until October 2011, due to the complexity of the computer animation involved.
Question: What are some bitumen emulsions blended with to make a low-cost product?
Sentence: These involve mixing with petroleum solvents to form "cutbacks" with reduced melting point, or mixtures with water to turn the asphalt/bitumen into an emulsion.
Question: In what year did a proposal to expand light rail service to Portsmouth and Gosport fail?
Sentence: The proposal follows a failed plan to bring light rail to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005.
Question: HOw much did the tour earn?
Sentence: I'm Going to Tell You a Secret.
Question: What can be either lossy or lossless?
Sentence: Compression can be either lossy or lossless.
Question: By what year was AMC showing commercials?
Sentence: The network originally served as a competitor to AMC – which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to TCM, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format.
Question: How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto
Sentence: The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none.
Question: What type of coding sequences do prokaryotic genes typically have?
Sentence: The products of operon genes typically have related functions and are involved in the same regulatory network.:7.3
Question: What era has the 21st century has been characterized by?
Sentence: The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era.
Question: In what year do most  Scholars agree the Italian Unification ended?
Sentence: There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period, but many scholars agree that the process began with the end of Napoleonic rule and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and approximately ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, though the last città irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until after World War I.
Question: What company owns the company that owns the Richmond Times-Dispatch?
Sentence: RVA Magazine is the city's only independent art music and culture publication, was once monthly, but is now issued quarterly.
Question: What president was born in Raleigh?
Sentence: One U.S. president, Andrew Johnson, was born in Raleigh.
Question: With whom did Europeans attempt to sign treaties in order to legitimize their sovereignty during colonization?
Sentence: Treaties formed an important part of European colonization and, in many parts of the world, Europeans attempted to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties with indigenous peoples.
Question: The realist view is sometimes referred to as what?
Sentence: Sir Isaac Newton subscribed to this realist view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time.
Question: How long did he reign as Pope?
Sentence: Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014.
Question: How many undergrad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?
Sentence: Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree.
Question: Why were loose tolerances allowed for compliant USB connectors?
Sentence: Compliant devices must either fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does.
Question: How did each translator of the Bible work in Alexandria?
Sentence: The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria, Egypt.
Question: Some people say DST can help sufferers of depression because it encourages them to do what?
Sentence: It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer.
Question: "Drug reps" are usually hired by what type of firms?
Sentence: In some countries, notably the US, they are allowed to advertise directly to the general public.
Question: Which government position is given most of the executive powers over Delhi?
Sentence: The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers.
Question: What act restored the full British citizenship of the citizens of Saint Helena?
Sentence: On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002.
Question: Who was elected as president of the Barcelona club in 2010?
Sentence: In May, Barcelona defeated Manchester United in the 2011 Champions League Final 3–1 held at Wembley Stadium, a repeat of the 2009 final, winning their fourth European Cup.
Question: France had to consent to pay how much in war indemnity?
Sentence: An exodus occurred from Paris as some 200,000 people, predominantly middle-class, went to the countryside.
Question: What is the third and lesser referred to approach on defining the rule of law?
Sentence: Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or "thin" definition, and a substantive or "thick" definition; one occasionally encounters a third "functional" conception.
Question: What accounts for nearly half of the costs to develop drugs?
Sentence: Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money).
Question: What does ASCII correspondence allow digital devices to do?
Sentence: Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters).
Question: What is the legal status of secondary liability?
Sentence: Nevertheless, whether and to what degree any of these types of intermediaries have secondary liability is the subject of ongoing litigation.
Question: Who invited Burke to join the Freemasons?
Sentence: In 1765 Burke became private secretary to the liberal Whig statesman, Charles, Marquess of Rockingham, then Prime Minister of Great Britain, who remained Burke's close friend and associate until his untimely death in 1782.
Question: What West Central German dialect of Dutch contains the name of a U.S. state?
Sentence: A notable exception is Pennsylvania Dutch, which is a West Central German variety called Deitsch by its speakers.
Question: What is a naming term for asphalt?
Sentence: Common usage often refers to various forms of asphalt/bitumen as "tar", such as at the La Brea Tar Pits.
Question: The physics of quantum mechanics included special cases for what work?
Sentence: The physics of quantum mechanics was thereby reduced to the mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them.
Question: Where does protein digestion occur?
Sentence: Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids.
Question: Which type of glacier is above or at freezing at it's interface and is able to slide?
Sentence: A cold-based glacier is below freezing at the ice-ground interface, and is thus frozen to the underlying substrate.
Question: When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President?
Sentence: His successor, Democratic New York State Assembly member Rubén Díaz, Jr., who won a special election on April 21, 2009 by a vote of 86.3% (29,420) on the "Bronx Unity" line to 13.3% (4,646) for the Republican district leader Anthony Ribustello on the "People First" line, became Borough President on May 1.
Question: What type of person is likely to replace zippers and buttons?
Sentence: The thrifty still replace zippers and buttons and sew up ripped hems.
Question: What does Materialism see each object as?
Sentence: The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space, and not necessarily related to anything.
Question: Who presided over the torch event in North Korea?
Sentence: It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea.
Question: What style of gardens did Marx design?
Sentence: Between the federal and civic buildings on the Monumental Axis is the city's cathedral, considered by many to be Niemeyer's finest achievement (see photographs of the interior).
Question: Which mandolin was preferred for formal performances and recordings?
Sentence: Greatly preferred for formal performance and recording are flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins (reminiscent of the WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin) and carved (arch) top mandolins with oval soundholes, such as the Gibson A-style of the 1920s.
Question: What is the largest private foundation in the world?
Sentence: It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world.
Question: What is the capital of Eritrea?
Sentence: The rail line has been restored between the port of Massawa and the capital Asmara, although services are sporadic.
Question: Which group of researchers provided a standard research school environment?
Sentence: Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not.
Question: What can only Inspector-ranked UK officers do?
Sentence: All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position.
Question: In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written?
Sentence: An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637.
Question: Which university had teaching which was more general, and not centralized?
Sentence: There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teaching addressed a very specific curriculum; this model tended to train specialists.
Question: What is the typical tradeoff in light bulb design?
Sentence: Long-life general service lamps have lower efficiency but are used where the cost of changing the lamp is high compared to the value of energy used.
Question: What did the Presidential Proclamation No. 2914, 3 1950 do?
Sentence: Following that, on 1 February 1951, United Nations General Assembly adopted a draft resolution condemning China as an aggressor in the Korean War.
Question: Whose design was the Nazi flag?
Sentence: Several designs by a number of different authors were considered, but the one adopted in the end was Hitler's personal design.
Question: How many autonomous oblasts were part of the RSFSR?
Sentence: commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91.
Question: What did Patrick Henry's speech encourage to happen?
Sentence: The latter motive proved to be in vain, and in 1781, under the command of Benedict Arnold, Richmond was burned by British troops, causing Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee as the Virginia militia, led by Sampson Mathews, defended the city.
Question: Who invented the term "urban adult contemporary format"?
Sentence: The urban adult contemporary format (a term coined by Barry Mayo) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B (without any form of rapping), gospel music, classic soul and dance music (including disco).
Question: In addition to scratches and rot, what other common LaserDisc issue was to be eliminated by MUSE discs?
Sentence: Crosstalk was not an issue with MUSE discs, and the narrow wavelength of the laser allowed for the virtual elimination of crosstalk with normal discs.
Question: What period saw a large upswing in Evangelicalism?
Sentence: It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America.
Question: What year was the Legend of Zelda:Twilight Princess originally planned for release?
Sentence: Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii.
Question: What was the name of the first Cathedral?
Sentence: Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan
Question: What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil?
Sentence: For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than actors of the more prevalent Southern European features) and light-skinned mulatto and mestizo appearance.
Question: What do editors call variants that are exactly balanced?
Sentence: " The "exactly balanced" variants are said to be indifferent.
Question: When did Valencia C.F. win the UEFA Cup?
Sentence: Valencia is also internationally famous for its football club, Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (the year it also won the UEFA Cup), for a total of six times, and was a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001.
Question: What did the repair centers promise?
Sentence: According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired.
Question: Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason?
Sentence: Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime.