xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What was the benefit of 45/45 stereo sound?
Sentence: The ultimately dominant "45/45" stereophonic record system was invented by Alan Blumlein of EMI in 1931 and patented the same year.
Question: There is a transitional state between one life and the next according to what branches of Buddhism?
Sentence: The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]
Question: What time are Chopin's polonaises written in?
Sentence: Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner).
Question: What were the invading Arab armies aim?
Sentence: According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews.
Question: Who compared Gaddafi to Hitler?
Sentence: He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people.
Question: How did smallpox cause the Inca Civil War?
Sentence: Smallpox was only the first epidemic.
Question: When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona constructed?
Sentence: Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris.
Question: Approximately how many galleries of art are in New York City?
Sentence: The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theater productions, and in the 1880s, New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical.
Question: Beyond petroleum, what is Alaska's largest export?
Sentence: The oil and gas industry dominates the Alaskan economy, with more than 80% of the state's revenues derived from petroleum extraction.
Question: Along what highway did Umar bin Abdul-Aziz build caravanserais?
Sentence: Under Governor Yusuf bin Umar, the postal department of Iraq cost 4,000,000 dirhams a year.
Question: Which region of the US experiences rain year round?
Sentence: Much of California consists of a Mediterranean climate, with sometimes excessive rainfall from October–April and nearly no rain the rest of the year.
Question: What does this US presence represent during a humanitarian crisis?
Sentence: It serves as a US presence that demonstrates resolve and compassion in humanitarian crisis.
Question: What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?
Sentence: Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome.
Question: What kind of microscope shows that q-glass grows as separate particles?
Sentence: In 2004, NIST researchers presented evidence that an isotropic non-crystalline metallic phase (dubbed "q-glass") could be grown from the melt.
Question: The rabies vaccine was created in what year?
Sentence: In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first rabies vaccine.
Question: To what did Boixos Nois idetify themselves as belonging?
Sentence: Around this time, tensions began to arise between what was perceived as president Núñez's dictatorial rule and the nationalistic support group, Boixos Nois.
Question: What group of French colonies was created in 1908?
Sentence: The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke.
Question: When was the Kralice Bible published?
Sentence: A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James and Luther versions) which was more linguistically conservative than either.
Question: A majority of the population educated since what year can speak Mandarin?
Sentence: As a result, most of the population now can, to some degree, speak and comprehend Mandarin and can code-switch when necessary.
Question: What is not often aspirated?
Sentence: In the grammatical tradition of Sanskrit, aspirated consonants are called voiceless aspirated, and breathy-voiced consonants are called voiced aspirated.
Question: In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges?
Sentence: While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs.
Question: What does Olympic Air hold a silver ERA award for?
Sentence: Between 1975 and 2009, Olympic Airways (known after 2003 as Olympic Airlines) was the country’s state-owned flag carrier, but financial problems led to its privatization and relaunch as Olympic Air in 2009.
Question: What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies?
Sentence: They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water.
Question: When did true birds first appear?
Sentence: Primitive bird-like dinosaurs that lie outside class Aves proper, in the broader group Avialae, have been found dating back to the mid-Jurassic period.
Question: What was the latest thought type?
Sentence: Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent.
Question: Where are these cell groups found in humans?
Sentence: But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock.
Question: In what year did the National Archives make strides towards making its holdings more widely available?
Sentence: In an effort to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible, the National Archives began entering into public–private partnerships in 2006.
Question: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?
Sentence: However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed]
Question: What structure did the Nipponzan Myohoji decide to build in New Delhi in 2007?
Sentence: It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama.
Question: Which author's novels painted a dismal portrait of Victorian London?
Sentence: Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire, Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian London, and Virginia Woolf, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century.
Question: What was the limit imposed on how loud the iPod could play sounds in the EU?
Sentence: However, users that have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit.
Question: How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate?
Sentence: Prior to migration, 55 percent of their bodyweight is stored as fat to fuel this uninterrupted journey.
Question: How do we know that wine was made in ancient Egypt?
Sentence: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed].
Question: Who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance?
Sentence: In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former".
Question: What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university?
Sentence: The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education.
Question: In which Alaskan areas are military bases prevalent as an important part of the local economy?
Sentence: Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North Star, Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs, as well as Kodiak.
Question: What is the superorder containing the Anseriformes?
Sentence: The Aves are agreed to have evolved in the Cretaceous, and the split between the Galloanseri from other Neognathes occurred before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, but there are different opinions about whether the radiation of the remaining Neognathes occurred before or after the extinction of the other dinosaurs.
Question: How are members chosen for the court?
Sentence: Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70.
Question: What did Great Britain gain in Africa from the war?
Sentence: The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent.
Question: What is the percentage of people who use videoconferencing a majority of the time?
Sentence: One research report based on a sampling of 1,800 corporate employees showed that, as of June 2010, 54% of the respondents with access to video conferencing used it “all of the time” or “frequently”.
Question: What provides the electricity to most light bulbs?
Sentence: An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light (incandescence).
Question: What area copied Bismarck's social programs the most?
Sentence: As an answer to the "social question" of the nineteenth century, Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced insurance programs that led the way to the welfare state (health insurance, accident insurance, disability insurance, old-age pensions).
Question: In which city did Feynman find himself affixing tire chains?
Sentence: Mr. Feynman!—because a desire to live in a mild climate had firmly fixed itself in his mind while he was installing tire chains on his car in the middle of a snowstorm in Ithaca.
Question: What are patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene more likely to achieve?
Sentence: This finding, originally reported in Nature, showed that genotype 1 hepatitis C patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene are more possibly to achieve sustained virological response after the treatment than others.
Question: What sort of identity was promoted by the RCC?
Sentence: The RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity.
Question: When did John Spilsbury promote the strict practice of immersion?
Sentence: According to Tom Nettles, professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, "Spilsbury's cogent arguments for a gathered, disciplined congregation of believers baptized by immersion as constituting the New Testament church gave expression to and built on insights that had emerged within separatism, advanced in the life of John Smyth and the suffering congregation of Thomas Helwys, and matured in Particular Baptists."
Question: What is the symbol of rowing in the city?
Sentence: Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta, all of which are held on the Schuylkill River.
Question: How many of the Burmese  people are predicted to work in Thailand without authorization
Sentence: People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in these figures.
Question: What is Egypts energy market based upon?
Sentence: Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power.
Question: What can help to indentify specific bacteria?
Sentence: The use of selective media (media with specific nutrients added or deficient, or with antibiotics added) can help identify specific organisms.
Question: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda?
Sentence: This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations).
Question: What is the tallest building in Texas?
Sentence: many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982.
Question: When did Columbanus die?
Sentence: The only part of Western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity.
Question: What did the office that ijm opened do specifically
Sentence: The office was opened for three years for the following purposes: "conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability".
Question: After the loan program was announced, which countries borrowed the most?
Sentence: The programme was announced on 8 December 2011 but observers were surprised by the volume of the loans made when it was implemented.
Question: Were any of the early civilizations influenced by each other and if so by what how did it occur?
Sentence: The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan.
Question: What instrument did the winners for five seasons in a row play?
Sentence: The Untold Story, said, "You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest," he says, "And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys."
Question: How much money had been donated by May 14?
Sentence: The association has also collected a total of $26 million in donations so far.
Question: Why do mountain and moorland breeders move only altitudinally?
Sentence: Thus mountain and moorland breeders, such as wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria and white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus, may move only altitudinally to escape the cold higher ground.
Question: Which language groups lived in Dalmation city-states prior to the 19th century?
Sentence: This has been used as an argument to state that Croatian literature Croatian per se, but also includes Serbian and other languages that are part of Serbo-Croatian, These facts undermine the Croatian language proponents' argument that modern-day Croatian is based on a language called Old Croatian.
Question: As the state capital, Boston plays a large role in what?
Sentence: As the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics.
Question: Though invasion plans were drawn up the the Germans, which war did Switzerland escape attack during?
Sentence: Switzerland was able to remain independent through a combination of military deterrence, concessions to Germany, and good fortune as larger events during the war delayed an invasion.
Question: What would the end of umchwasho be marked with?
Sentence: The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom.
Question: On what day in May does the "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race end?
Sentence: The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration.
Question: What is a key difference between the ARB and Royal Institute?
Sentence: Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.
Question: In what era was Frédéric active in?
Sentence: " Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland.
Question: In what year did Lange die?
Sentence: Working independently, they developed the James–Lange theory, a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions.
Question: The San Carlos Museum has art from who, among others?
Sentence: During the 19th century, an important producer of art was the Academia de San Carlos (San Carlos Art Academy), founded during colonial times, and which later became the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (the National School of Arts) including painting, sculpture and graphic design, one of UNAM's art schools.
Question: What was the name of the area north of New Haven changed to in 1678?
Sentence: However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden.
Question: What type of Chinese texts mention circadian process in humans?
Sentence: The observation of a circadian or diurnal process in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, including the Noon and Midnight Manual and the Mnemonic Rhyme to Aid in the Selection of Acu-points
Question: Whose visions led to the identification of the House of the Virgin Mary?
Sentence: In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany.
Question: In which book of the Bible did God reference gifts of Blue Purple and Scarlet?
Sentence: The term used for scarlet in the 4th century Latin Vulgate version of the Bible passage is coccumque bis tinctum, meaning "colored twice with coccus.
Question: Along with MOR, easy listening and soft rock, what format is soft adult contemporary a successor to?
Sentence: The format can be seen as a more contemporary successor to and combination of the middle of the road (MOR), beautiful music, easy listening and soft rock formats.
Question: What people form the largest ethnic group in the city?
Sentence: The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country.
Question: How many Irish employees did Dell hire?
Sentence: European Union officials said they would investigate a €52.7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell away from Ireland.
Question: What did prodigies show the Romans?
Sentence: Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune.
Question: What year did Bern want to host the Winter Olympics?
Sentence: Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada.
Question: What style was the church rebuilt in?
Sentence: His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.
Question: Which two countries did the King and Queen tour in 1939?
Sentence: George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York.
Question: How much of the states population does the "Big 7" have?
Sentence: Based on 2013 census numbers, they collectively contain 35 percent of Montana's population.
Question: Federal law overrides what laws?
Sentence: Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights.
Question: What vegetable is sometimes used as a grain source for beer in Brazil?
Sentence: The amount of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill.
Question: How many locations can one use videoconferencing for?
Sentence: Again, technology improvements have circumvented traditional definitions by allowing multiple party videoconferencing via web-based applications.
Question: Besides North Rhine-Westphalia, which German state has the most pupils of Dutch?
Sentence: In French-speaking Belgium, over 300,000 pupils are enrolled in Dutch courses, followed by over 23,000 in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, and about 7,000 in the French region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (of which 4,550 are in primary school).
Question: What term describes the type of government of the Marshall Islands?
Sentence: Politically, the Marshall Islands is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, with the US providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S. based agencies such as the FCC and the USPS.
Question: What did the U.S. share with China?
Sentence: The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities.
Question: In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami?
Sentence: In the early 1970s, the Miami disco sound came to life with TK Records, featuring the music of KC and the Sunshine Band, with such hits as "Get Down Tonight", "(Shake, Shake, Shake)
Question: when were mosaic pavements uncovered at the Bizere Monastery?
Sentence: In 2003, the remains of a mosaic pavement were discovered under the ruins of the Bizere Monastery near the River Mureş in present-day Romania.
Question: What led to Swazi budget cuts?
Sentence: Swaziland's public finances deteriorated in the late 1990s following sizeable surpluses a decade earlier.
Question: When was the Labout party defeated?
Sentence: After its defeat in the 1979 general election the Labour Party underwent a period of internal rivalry between the left represented by Tony Benn, and the right represented by Denis Healey.
Question: What is another benefit of measuring sexuality on two scaless verses just the Kinsey scale?
Sentence: A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other.
Question: The electronic transition frequency of which element defines the second?
Sentence: Currently, the international unit of time, the second, is defined by measuring the electronic transition frequency of caesium atoms (see below).
Question: Bulgaria became independent within the Empire as the result of what war?
Sentence: As a result, Ottoman holdings in Europe declined sharply; Bulgaria was established as an independent principality inside the Ottoman Empire, Romania achieved full independence.
Question: Where do the Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet perform?
Sentence: The Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet, which perform at McCaw Hall (opened 2003 on the site of the former Seattle Opera House at Seattle Center), are comparably distinguished, with the Opera being particularly known for its performances of the works of Richard Wagner and the PNB School (founded in 1974) ranking as one of the top three ballet training institutions in the United States.
Question: In what year was the "Knowledge corridor high speed intercity passenger rail" slated for construction?
Sentence: " Set for construction in 2013, the "Knowledge Corridor high speed intercity passenger rail" project will cost approximately $1 billion, and the ultimate northern terminus for the project is reported to be Montreal in Canada.
Question: How are bantams different from other chickens?
Sentence: A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart.