xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: In addition to criticism received for employing non-Muslims, for what notable reason did some Muslims criticize the Umayyads?
Sentence: Later the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam.
Question: Ai-Khanoum was situated on what kind of routes?
Sentence: The language of Philip II's and Alexander's court and army (which was made up of various Greek and non-Greek speaking peoples) was a version of Attic Greek, and over time this language developed into Koine, the lingua franca of the successor states.
Question: How is the evacuation tube sealed?
Sentence: The air is pumped out of the bulb, and the evacuation tube in the stem press is sealed by a flame.
Question: When was the photoelectric effect first observed?
Sentence: The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called "photoelectrons") from a surface when light is shone on it.
Question: Who approved the improvement project for the Houston ship channel?
Sentence: In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel.
Question: Along with Buddhism, what religion has had a significant influence on Nepal?
Sentence: Nepal's art and architecture is an amalgamation of two ancient religions, Hinduism and Buddhhism.
Question: In what century was it believed that the UK used the word varsity to refer to a university?
Sentence: Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "When I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: "When I was in college...").
Question: What did Germany add to the 20 mm to make it more effective?
Sentence: Nevertheless, while 20 mm was better than a machine gun and mounted on a very small trailer made it easy to move, its effectiveness was limited.
Question: What hotel is adjacent to the Atlantic City Convention Center?
Sentence: The Atlantic City Convention Center includes 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) of showroom space, 5 exhibit halls, 45 meeting rooms with 109,000 sq ft (10,100 m2) of space, a garage with 1,400 parking spaces, and an adjacent Sheraton hotel.
Question: In what year did Francesco Mario Pagano publish Saggi Politici?
Sentence: Cesare Beccaria, a jurist and one of the great Enlightenment writers, became famous for his masterpiece Of Crimes and Punishments (1764), which was later translated into 22 languages.
Question: With what feature of environment do plants need to be in sync?
Sentence: Circadian rhythms occur as a plant entrains to synchronize with the light cycle of its surrounding environment.
Question: What day of the week was September 15, 2011?
Sentence: On Thursday, September 15, 2011, more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river.
Question: Where is the East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets?
Sentence: East 2nd Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue C and also continues to Bowery.
Question: What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007?
Sentence: Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.
Question: What happens as the scope of economically viable applications increases?
Sentence: Renewable technologies are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity.
Question: What were computer viruses seen as a threat to?
Sentence: Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC) and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) were created to deal with the increase in Internet-related problems, such as computer viruses, worms, and other malicious programs that threatened US operations.
Question: The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date?
Sentence: Block III Ranger 7 which impacted on July 31, 1964.
Question: What color is the logo on the 60 GB PS3?
Sentence: The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs.
Question: The Civil War had many effects after the war, what was the main effect for New Haven?
Sentence: After the war, population grew and doubled by the start of the 20th century, most notably due to the influx of immigrants from southern Europe, particularly Italy.
Question: Who is United Nations' Secretary-General?
Sentence: United Nations' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that "renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity".
Question: What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate?
Sentence: The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control.
Question: What is the Omnipotence paradox?
Sentence: According to the Omnipotence paradox or 'Paradox of the Stone', can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it?
Question: How did the Ashkenazim view north African Sepharadim and Berber Jews?
Sentence: This has led to protest movements such as the Israeli Black Panthers led by Saadia Marciano a Moroccan Jew.
Question: What was the name of the federalist army officer who eventually came into power during the new election?
Sentence: In September 1835 José Urrea a federalist army officer came into power.
Question: What was Comcast's profit margin in 2009?
Sentence: Comcast reported first quarter 2012 profit increases of 30% due to increase in high-speed internet customers.
Question: Why is the Pekin duck the favored of the western world?
Sentence: The most common commercial breed in the United Kingdom and the United States is the Pekin duck, which can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days.
Question: What Saint did Paul VI denote as mother of the Catholic church?
Sentence: Paul VI opened the third period on 14 September 1964, telling the Council Fathers that he viewed the text about the Church as the most important document to come out from the Council.
Question: What is the coding called that is used with speech?
Sentence: These coders use a model of the sound's generator (such as the human vocal tract with LPC) to whiten the audio signal (i.e., flatten its spectrum) before quantization.
Question: What did the highland peasants resist attempts at?
Sentence: While the National Revolutionary Movement government begun in 1952 discouraged self-identification as indigenous (reclassifying rural people as campesinos, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the Katarista movement beginning in the 1970s.
Question: What royal symbol appears on the club's crest?
Sentence: Comamala's suggestion became the crest that the club wears today, with some minor variations.
Question: What publisher prints The Times atlas?
Sentence: They are currently produced by the Collins Bartholomew imprint of HarperCollins Publishers.
Question: When was the last senate election in St. Barts?
Sentence: One senator represents the island in the French Senate.
Question: What ingredient makes glass colorful?
Sentence: Although brittle, silicate glass is extremely durable, and many examples of glass fragments exist from early glass-making cultures.
Question: How many hamaynkner does Armenia have?
Sentence: As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural.
Question: Who was the area developer?
Sentence: The Midtown Raleigh Alliance was founded on July 25, 2011 as a way for community leaders to promote the area.
Question: What does Telewizja Polska operate?
Sentence: Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network.
Question: What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial?
Sentence: The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial.
Question: How many colleges make up BYU at its main campus?
Sentence: The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards.
Question: Name the 3 public radio stations?
Sentence: The first commercial broadcasting radio stations appeared in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbel's department store, on March 17, followed the same year by WFIL, WOO, WCAU and WDAS.
Question: How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth?
Sentence: The university formed a joint venture with the fellow Devonian University of Exeter in 2000, establishing the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry.
Question: On which date did hostilities between the German and French troops begin near Orleans?
Sentence: At first, the Germans were victorious but the French drew reinforcements and defeated the Germans at the Battle of Coulmiers on 9 November.
Question: With what victory did Napoleon dissolve the Fifth Coalition against France?
Sentence: Fighting also erupted in Central Europe, as the Austrians launched another attack against the French in 1809.
Question: The average rainfall level of somerset
Sentence: Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in).
Question: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over?
Sentence: A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking.
Question: In what year did Liebman announce his findings?
Sentence: James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995.
Question: Which tablet had Pythagorean triplets on it?
Sentence: an abstract formulation of the Pythagorean theorem was not.
Question: What was the population of Tuscon in 1940?
Sentence: In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.
Question: in 1720 what % of  import goods were from India?
Sentence: In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid.
Question: States can grant their people broader rights than those granted in what document?
Sentence: Thus, most U.S. law (especially the actual "living law" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis) consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next.
Question: Who makes a choice after the team that wins the coin toss has made their decision?
Sentence: The captain of the team winning the coin toss is given the option of having first choice, or of deferring first choice to the other captain.
Question: What are parties to a treaty forbidden to do after they have already joined a treaty?
Sentence: Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty.
Question: What are some of the components of the reserve force?
Sentence: This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets, who is usually a major general or rear admiral, and is divided into four components that are each operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force – the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES) – in addition to one force that does not fall under an environmental command, the Health Services Reserve under the Canadian Forces Health Services Group.
Question: What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?
Sentence: Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication.
Question: What even was recorded in the Guinness World Records?
Sentence: In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed "Love on Top" and started the performance saying "Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me".
Question: How did Hadik respond to the Frederick force?
Sentence: When Frederick heard about this humiliating occupation, he immediately sent a larger force to free the city.
Question: What did people in the crowd wave at the beginning of the relay?
Sentence: A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags.
Question: When did the ACLU first challenge the Patriot Act?
Sentence: On 30 July 2003, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed the first legal challenge against Section 215 of the Patriot Act, claiming that it allows the FBI to violate a citizen's First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process, by granting the government the right to search a person's business, bookstore, and library records in a terrorist investigation, without disclosing to the individual that records were being searched.
Question: What is the nickname given to A.C. Milan?
Sentence: A red penalty card is issued to a player who commits a serious infraction: the player is immediately disqualified from further play and his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration.
Question: Other than Florida, which other state got send error coins?
Sentence: Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks.
Question: What is the national currency of Armenia?
Sentence: Like other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns.
Question: What is another magazine that is published in Oklahoma City?
Sentence: An upscale lifestyle publication called Slice Magazine is circulated throughout the metropolitan area.
Question: Easy listening was predominately what type of music?
Sentence: Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or "beautiful music" stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient.
Question: In what year did Richard Francis Burton break away from the Ethnological Society of London?
Sentence: In 1863 the explorer Richard Francis Burton and the speech therapist James Hunt broke away from the Ethnological Society of London to form the Anthropological Society of London, which henceforward would follow the path of the new anthropology rather than just ethnology.
Question: When did the Meija restoration begin?
Sentence: In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid modernization by the Japanese themselves along European lines.
Question: What country is Ulcinj in?
Sentence: As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived.
Question: Along with CCI, what is the other Hindu gathering place near Richmond?
Sentence: The two most familiar are the Cultural Center of India (CCI) located off of Iron Bridge Road in Chesterfield County and the Hindu Center of Virginia in Henrico County which has garnered national fame and awards for being the first LEED certified religious facility in the commonwealth.
Question: When did Rutherford introduce the new name for the Society?
Sentence: On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen"—which was adopted by resolution.
Question: During which process are unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain eliminated?
Sentence: Through a process called synaptic pruning, unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down.
Question: Why would ingesting untreated cassava be a bad idea?
Sentence: Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named Enriquillo managed to hold out in the Baoruco Mountain Range for thirteen years, causing serious damage to the Spanish, Carib-held plantations and their Indian auxiliaries.
Question: What would you call a beer that has not been filtered or pasteurized?
Sentence: At this point the beer is ready to sell, either being pulled through a beer line with a hand pump, or simply being "gravity-fed" directly into the glass.
Question: What city is home to The Crown Liquor Saloon?
Sentence: The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Question: What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?
Sentence: Portugal’s distribution system is also now a two-way street.
Question: What was the effect of the Rotavirus vaccine?
Sentence: Similarly, a Cholera vaccine showed a strong reduction in morbidity and mortality, though the overall impact of vaccination was minimal as Cholera is not one of the major causative pathogens of diarrheal disease.
Question: How much money was spent on non-military intelligence in 2013?
Sentence: The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6 billion.
Question: According to Locke, an absolute ruler is proposed by Hobbes is what?
Sentence: According to Locke, an absolute ruler as proposed by Hobbes is unnecessary, for natural law is based on reason and seeking peace and survival for man.
Question: Which street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue?
Sentence: Notable locations include East River Ferry, LaptopMD headquarters, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.
Question: What does VLW stand for?
Sentence: Targets included the AFA (Stöcken), the Deurag-Nerag refinery (Misburg), the Continental plants (Vahrenwald and Limmer), the United light metal works (VLW) in Ricklingen and Laatzen (today Hanover fairground), the Hanover/Limmer rubber reclamation plant, the Hanomag factory (Linden) and the tank factory M.N.H. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen (Badenstedt).
Question: Which traders came to the archipelago for trade?
Sentence: Both Hinduism and Buddhism were well established in the Malay Peninsula by the beginning of the 1st century CE, and from there spread across the archipelago.
Question: What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?
Sentence: Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
Question: The peace agreement was renamed what?
Sentence: Langton's efforts at mediation created a charter capturing the proposed peace agreement; it was later renamed Magna Carta, or "Great Charter".
Question: What did the Romans build along the mountain passes?
Sentence: This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or the place of crossing.
Question: When Catalan reach Sardinia?
Sentence: The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century.
Question: How many regiments were in the Northern Army?
Sentence: Led by Colonels (Xiaowei 校尉), the Northern Army consisted of five regiments, each composed of several thousand soldiers.
Question: What is Tucson's NBC station?
Sentence: The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW).
Question: What does every component state of federation possess?
Sentence: Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'.
Question: What century had comics in wide production?
Sentence: Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century.
Question: What physical characteristics are common in Islamic architecture?
Sentence: Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwoven with alternating sequences of niches and colonnettes.
Question: Why aren't some sound clusters used in modern Czech?
Sentence: It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consonant clusters to be pronounced all at once rather than syllabically.
Question: which crops were brought to europe from the Muslim World?
Sentence: Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans.
Question: What is the name of the lifestyle magazine?
Sentence: An upscale lifestyle publication called Slice Magazine is circulated throughout the metropolitan area.
Question: What percentage of Devon's GVA does Plymouth comprise in 2013?
Sentence: Plymouth's gross value added (a measure of the size of its economy) was 5,169 million GBP in 2013 making up 25% of Devon's GVA.
Question: To whom was a new temple dedicated on the Alban Mount?
Sentence: and established on the Aventine in the "commune Latinorum Dianae templum": At about the same time, the temple of Jupiter Latiaris was built on the Alban mount, its stylistic resemblance to the new Capitoline temple pointing to Rome's inclusive hegemony.
Question: What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group?
Sentence: Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups.
Question: What is a Russian word used to describe a Jew?
Sentence: , "Jude" in German, "judeu" in Portuguese, "juif" in French, "jøde" in Danish and Norwegian, "judío" in Spanish, "jood" in Dutch, etc., but derivations of the word "Hebrew" are also in use to describe a Jew, e.g., in Italian (Ebreo), in Persian ("Ebri/Ebrani" (Persian: عبری/عبرانی‎‎)) and Russian (Еврей, Yevrey).
Question: In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live?
Sentence: Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests.
Question: What classes in the 16th century sneered at the pronunciation of Dutch by rural people?
Sentence: Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard.
Question: Elam's writing system had paralleled Sumer's cuneiform since what era?
Sentence: Elam, the most prominent of these civilizations, developed in the southwest of Iran, alongside those in Mesopotamia.
Question: What Spielberg franchise was filmed in New Haven in 2008?
Sentence: Before Her Eyes (2007), with Uma Thurman, and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Harrison Ford, Cate Blanchett and Shia LaBeouf.
Question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US?
Sentence: Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan.
Question: Which US presidents since the Vietnam War have studied at Yale?
Sentence: Yale-educated Presidents since the end of the Vietnam War include Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, and major-party nominees during this period include John Kerry (2004), Joseph Lieberman (Vice President, 2000), and Sargent Shriver (Vice President, 1972).
Question: How much more were her earnings that the year before?
Sentence: In November, Forbes reported that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row—earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013.
Question: What is the modern study of genetics at the level of DNA known as?
Sentence: Collectively, this body of research established the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA.