xiangpku/GLUE huggingface dataset:
Question: What nationality is Charles Aznavour?
Sentence: Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan.
Question: In 1985, how many people were murdered in Richmond?
Sentence: During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Richmond experienced a spike in overall crime, in particular, the city's murder rate.
Question: What exists in nearly all avian lineages?
Sentence: Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages.
Question: To which two people did Gorbachev grant membership into the Politburo for his own reasons?
Sentence: His initial goal as general secretary was to revive the Soviet economy, and he realized that doing so would require reforming underlying political and social structures.
Question: In dirhams, what was the yearly cost of the Iraqi postal service when Yusuf bin Umar was governor?
Sentence: Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it.
Question: Who was Sir Keith Murray?
Sentence: Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world.
Question: Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country?
Sentence: Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein.
Question: Why was it natural to have Ford Motor Company based in Cork?
Sentence: For many years, Cork was the home to Ford Motor Company, which manufactured cars in the docklands area before the plant was closed in 1984.
Question: What is cotton wool called in the US?
Sentence: In the UK, linters are referred to as "cotton wool".
Question: Which area contains the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field?
Sentence: The area is known for its massive reserves of crude oil, and contains both the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska and the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field.
Question: What was the main flaw of San Diego's original location?
Sentence: The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park.
Question: The reviewer from Variety compares Spectre to which other Bond movie?
Sentence: One of the great satisfactions of Spectre is that, in addition to all the stirring action, and all the timely references to a secret organization out to steal everyone’s personal information, we get to believe in Bond as a person.”
Question: When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off?
Sentence: The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi.
Question: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?
Sentence: Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.
Question: Why did Russia move towards the warmer ports of the Black Sea?
Sentence: The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal brought the emerging Russian state into conflict with the Ukrainian Cossacks and then with the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate and Circassians.
Question: When did CBC shut down its analogue transmitter?
Sentence: As of September 2010 CBC shut down its analogue transmitter and decided not to replace it with a digital transmitter.
Question: What discovery caused the model that one gene makes one protein to be refined?
Sentence: This model has been refined since the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins by alternative splicing and coding sequences split in short section across the genome whose mRNAs are concatenated by trans-splicing.
Question: What terms did Katie Hopkins use to describe migrants to Britain?
Sentence: In a statement released on 24 April 2015, High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein stated that Hopkins' used "language very similar to that employed by Rwanda's Kangura newspaper and Radio Mille Collines during the run up to the 1994 genocide", and noted that both media organizations were subsequently convicted by an international tribunal of public incitement to commit genocide.
Question: What actions does karma refer to in Buddhism?
Sentence: Karma specifically refers to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent (cetanā), and bring about a consequence or phala "fruit" or vipāka "result".
Question: In which Portugese region is there still visible English influence?
Sentence: Over time this went way beyond geo-political and military cooperation (protecting both nations' interests in Africa, the Americas and Asia against French, Spanish and Dutch rivals) and maintained strong trade and cultural ties between the two old European allies.
Question: Why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics?
Sentence: To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach, one can take just one of these topics, such as "racism" and find thousands of anthropological references, stretching across all the major and minor sub-fields.
Question: Beyonce's first modelling event was at where?
Sentence: She was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012.
Question: Who is still looking for compensation and justice?
Sentence: According to the Times, many parents were warned by the government not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest.
Question: What act was put in place during the Napoleonic wars and the war of 1812?
Sentence: Although foreign trade returned after these hostilities, Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim.
Question: Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?
Sentence: Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls.
Question: Which river in Thuringia is the most important?
Sentence: The most important river in Thuringia is the Saale (a tributary of the Elbe) with its tributaries Unstrut, Ilm and Weiße Elster, draining the most parts of Thuringia and the Werra (the headwater of the Weser), draining the south-west and west of the Land.
Question: What did 'samorapu' mean?
Sentence: In Japanese, it was originally recorded in the Nara Period as a verb *samorapu ("to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to serve, to attend"), which is believed to be derived from the frequentative form (*morapu 守らふ) of the verb moru (守る, "to watch, to guard, to be on the lookout; to keep, to protect, to take care of, to be in charge of, to have as one's ward").
Question: What year did Victoria fall down the stairs at Windsor?
Sentence: On 17 March 1883, she fell down some stairs at Windsor, which left her lame until July; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter.
Question: What did the creation of the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act mean for NPOs?
Sentence: It allows for incorporation as of right, by Articles of Incorporation; does away with the ultra vires doctrine for nonprofits; establishes them as legal persons; and substantially updates the governance provisions for nonprofits.
Question: Projects to renew the city were put into place by what?
Sentence: Boston responded by initiating various urban renewal projects under the direction of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), which was established in 1957.
Question: What did name did Claudius Ptolemy (Greco-Egyptian scientist) use for Ireland?
Sentence: The Greco-Egyptian scientist Claudius Ptolemy referred to the larger island as great Britain (μεγάλης Βρεττανίας - megális Brettanias) and to Ireland as little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias) in his work Almagest (147–148 AD).
Question: Which parts of the city of Detroit are densely populated?
Sentence: As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city.
Question: Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1977 and 1984?
Sentence: Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah.
Question: What two levels of crime are there?
Sentence: Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes).
Question: When was the Italian Armenian monastery founded?
Sentence: Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries.
Question: In the chronology of academic institutions, where are Christian cathedral schools compared to universities?
Sentence: Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries.
Question: When did the Great Famine happen?
Sentence: The Third Plague Pandemic in the mid-19th century killed 10 million people in India.
Question: What album made her a worldwide known artist?
Sentence: Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".
Question: What became publicly available on 6 December 1991?
Sentence: As a result, patents required to implement MP3 expired in most countries by December 2012, 21 years after the publication of ISO CD 11172.
Question: What victory in 1800 secured Napoleon's political power?
Sentence: Another victory over the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in 1800 secured his political power.
Question: What king ruled Persia in 520 BC?
Sentence: By 520 BC, during the reign of Darius I of Persia, much of the northwestern subcontinent (present-day eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan) came under the rule of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, as part of the far easternmost territories.
Question: Who suggested that hydride anions existed?character does the H atom have in a hydride?
Sentence: The term "hydride" suggests that the H atom has acquired a negative or anionic character, denoted H−, and is used when hydrogen forms a compound with a more electropositive element.
Question: How long did the suppression of time clues study last?
Sentence: Because normal people cannot entrain to a 28-hour day in dim light if at all,[citation needed] this is referred to as a forced desynchrony protocol.
Question: How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in secondary schools?
Sentence: Namibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels.
Question: By what year were three empires gone?
Sentence: By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies.
Question: What does the abbreviation OECD expand to?
Sentence: Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).
Question: What type of people were ousted from Nasser's cabinet?
Sentence: Nasser responded to the demonstrations, the most significant public challenge to his rule since workers' protests in March 1954, by removing most military figures from his cabinet and appointing eight civilians in place of several high-ranking members of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU).
Question: Miniature paintings of the Ottoman empire featured what kind of subjects?
Sentence: Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim societies, notably the miniature style made famous in Persia and under the Ottoman Empire which featured paintings of people and animals, and also depictions of Quranic stories and Islamic traditional narratives.
Question: What general had a lot of confidence in the Republic of Korea's army?
Sentence: On the eve of war, KMAG's commander General William Lynn Roberts voiced utmost confidence in the ROK Army and boasted that any North Korean invasion would merely provide "target practice".
Question: What does CSA stand for?
Sentence: As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders."
Question: What type of campus did Northwestern begin construction of during Walter Dill Scott's presidency?
Sentence: Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers to house the professional schools; established the Kellogg School of Management; and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, Dyche Stadium (now named Ryan Field) and Deering Library among others.
Question: The British army was considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht?
Sentence: In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union.
Question: What portion of Rajasthan is east and south of the Aravalli Range?
Sentence: About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the east and south direction.
Question: Which law established Glasgow's police?
Sentence: Meanwhile, the authorities in Glasgow, Scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the Glasgow Police Act establishing the City of Glasgow Police in 1800.
Question: What is the foundational document of affective computing?
Sentence: In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, and process human emotions.
Question: In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case?
Sentence: In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form).
Question: Which bowl game is held in Detroit?
Sentence: The NCAA football Little Caesars Pizza Bowl is held at Ford Field each December.
Question: Who is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang?
Sentence: The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China.
Question: What superphylum are vertebrates in?
Sentence: However, the genes that drive segmentation in arthropods do not appear to do the same in annelids.
Question: How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-1?
Sentence: Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
Question: What did Darwin consider that could explain why different regions could have such different species when they are close together?
Sentence: Darwin noted that barriers to migration played an important role in the differences between the species of different regions.
Question: At which intersection does E 122nd Street terminate?
Sentence: This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park
Question: What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture?
Sentence: Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles.
Question: What empire did Babur found in northern India?
Sentence: After Sher Shah's death, his son Islam Shah Suri and the Hindu emperor Hemu Vikramaditya, who had won 22 battles against Afghan rebels and forces of Akbar, from Punjab to Bengal and had established a secular rule in North India from Delhi till 1556 after winning Battle of Delhi.
Question: Were the Ashkenazim thought to be a subset or superset of their assumed geographical source population?
Sentence: The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population.
Question: In what building did Patrick Henry give his famous speech?
Sentence: During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson.
Question: What manager was appointed to lead Arsenal in 1925?
Sentence: Arsenal appointed Herbert Chapman as manager in 1925.
Question: Who attacked and plundered Delhi in 1737?
Sentence: After this victory, Nader captured and sacked Delhi, carrying away many treasures, including the Peacock Throne.
Question: During what span were the Marshall Islands first settled?
Sentence: Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts.
Question: What other types of operas are performed in Nanjing?
Sentence: Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre.
Question: As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of?
Sentence: Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another.
Question: What percentages does the city Bike transportation mode's target?
Sentence: Other environmentally focused initiatives include curbside recycling, curbside composting bins (in addition to trash, yard-waste, and recycle bins), farmers' markets, community gardens, garden-share, an urban forest initiative, a hazardous materials home-collection service, green business certification, and a municipal bus system which is currently being revamped to integrate with the soon-to-open Expo Line.
Question: What was the Meija era marked by?
Sentence: It was not until the beginning of the Meiji Era that the Japanese government began taking modernization seriously.
Question: When did John meet the rebel leaders at Runnymede?
Sentence: A council of twenty-five barons would be created to monitor and ensure John's future adherence to the charter, whilst the rebel army would stand down and London would be surrendered to the king.
Question: In what year did the nation of George get a new national flag?
Sentence: In 2004 Georgia adopted a new white flag, which consists of four small and one big red cross in the middle touching all four sides.
Question: Where is Topshop located?
Sentence: In October 2014, it was announced that Beyoncé with her management company Parkwood Entertainment would be partnering with London-based fashion retailer Topshop, in a new 50/50 split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd.
Question: Who created the Armenian alphabet?
Sentence: Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet.
Question: In 1961 who became the president of IBM?
Sentence: In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became company president.
Question: If Broca were alive today, what would his profession be?
Sentence: He wanted to localize the difference between man and the other animals, which appeared to reside in speech.
Question: The five boroughs of New York City are named what?
Sentence: The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island –
Question: What was the name of the monastery that was discovered in 1930?
Sentence: The mosaics in the church of the nearby Monastery of Euthymius are of later date (discovered in 1930).
Question: What kind of compression is used?
Sentence: The use of lossy compression is designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent the audio recording and still sound like a faithful reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners.
Question: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?
Sentence: The interplay of these gunas defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life.
Question: What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?
Sentence: One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency.
Question: Which two fleets returned to Kronstadt?
Sentence: Thus, shelling of the Russian batteries was limited to two attempts in the summers of 1854 and 1855, and initially, the attacking fleets limited their actions to blockading Russian trade in the Gulf of Finland.
Question: When was the Canada Corporations Act, Part II repealed?
Sentence: Ontario also overhauled its legislation, adopting the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act during 2010; pending the outcome of an anticipated election during October 2011,[dated info]
Question: Being a non-muslim in the Empire resulted in what as it related to taxes?
Sentence: Under the millet system, non-Muslim people were considered subjects of the Empire, but were not subject to the Muslim faith or Muslim law.
Question: What was the Monte Carlo method?
Sentence: His algorithm for simulating a fair coin with a biased coin is used in the "software whitening" stage of some hardware random number generators.
Question: What member of leadership at the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria called TB a "pandemic"?
Sentence: Slow progress has led to frustration, expressed by executive director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
Question: Which theology did everyone agree science was a part of in the 19th century?
Sentence: The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream.
Question: What is the history of arts and humanities called?
Sentence: The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences.