Reusable Phrase Extraction Based on Syntactic Parsing (2020)

Abstract: Academic Phrasebank is an important resource for academic writers. Student writers use the phrases of Academic Phrasebank organizing their research article to improve their writing ability. Due to the limited size of Academic Phrasebank, it can not meet all the academic writing needs. There are still a large number of academic phraseology in the authentic research article. In this paper, we proposed an academic phraseology extraction model based on constituency parsing and dependency parsing, which can automatically extract the academic phraseology similar to phrases of Academic Phrasebank from an unlabelled research article. We divided the proposed model into three main components including an academic phraseology corpus module, a sentence simplification module, and a syntactic parsing module. We created a corpus of academic phraseology of 2,129 words to help judge whether a word is neutral and general, and created two datasets under two scenarios to verify the feasibility of the proposed model.

## introduction the academic phrasebank is a general resource created by the university of manchester for academic writers. and the items of it are all neutral and generic, which means that you don't have to worry about accidentally stealing someone else's idea when using these items in your academic paper. in this paper, we name these neutral and generic phrases reusable phrases. reusable phrase means that student writers can use these phrases in their paper without worrying about plagiarism due to they are neutral and generic. the reusable phrases including the phrases in academic phrasebank do not have a unique or original construction, not express a special point of view of another writer. now, most of the assisted academic writing research focused on automated essay scoring(aes), but different from the ordinary essay prefer to life and social, research article is a scientific record of scientific research result or innovation thinking in theoretical, predictive, and experimental. research article writing has more rigorous grammar, discourse structure and phraseology. @xcite mentioned that the central of designing teaching activities developed by academic phrasebank is the purpose of improving the cognitive ability of student writers to potential plagiarism. learning reusable phrases can effectively help student writers avoid plagiarism, and student writers can use the learned reusable phrases in their own research article writing, so as to improve their academic writing ability. however, academic phrasebank does not cover all reusable phrases in authentic research articles. in order to make up for the deficiency of academic phrasebank, we propose a new task named reusable phrase extraction. the purpose of this task is to automatically extract reusable phrases from unlabelled research articles, so as to help writers build their own "academic phrasebank". plenty of research relating to teaching activities about academic phrasebank, but little or nothing that concerns extracting reusable phrases automatically. therefore, in this paper, we introduce a reusable phrase extraction model based on constituency parsing and dependency parsing, which aims to extract similar samples with phrases of academic phrasebank from unlabelled research articles. the reusable phrases examples are shown in ## related work corpus of contemporary american english (coca) is the latest contemporary corpus of 360 million words developed by @xcite . it covers five types of the corpus of novels, oral english, popular magazines, and academic journals in different periods in the united states. using coca to study can make up for the lack of students' understanding of vocabulary, and at the same time, it can cultivate favorable conditions for essay writing. however, the coca is inappropriate to be used as a corpus for judging whether a word belongs to reusable phrases in the process of reusable phrases extraction. so we create a reusable phrases corpus for this paper. academic phrasebank is a general resource developed by dr. john morley of the university of manchester to help student writers writing. @xcite has designed some relevant teaching activities developed based on academic phrasebank. the research holds that the most important two points of academic writing teaching purpose are to obtain timely writing feedback and improve the cognitive ability of student writer to plagiarism in academic writing. the former means automated research article scoring, and the latter means strengthening students' learning of phrases in academic phrasebank and authentic research article. because the content of academic phrasebank is neutral and general, frequent learning of academic phrasebank can help students improve their cognitive ability. but the content of academic phrasebank is limited. if student writer want to expand their own "academic phrasebank", they need to extract reusable phrases from authentic research articles. the problem of analyzing complex sentences in natural language processing is to make sentences simple to understand, by identifying clause boundaries. before extracting reusable phrases from a sentence, we choose to simplify the sentence first. @xcite provides a survey of predicting clause boundaries while. @xcite proposed a rule-based method for clause boundary detection. the latter method is a pipeline that uses phrase structure trees to determine the clauses. ## our approach in this section, we will introduce our reusable phrases extraction approach. there are three main components in our model, i.e., a reusable words corpus module to help identify whether a word in a sentence belongs to reusable phrases, a sentence simplification module to prevent incomplete reusable phrase from being extracted, and a syntactic parsing module to determine the final results of reusable phrases extraction. we will introduce the details of our reusable phrases extraction approach as follows. ## experiments in this section, we present our experiment datasets and results, which devote to answering the following questions that how effective is the proposed reusable phrase extraction model in extracting reusable phrase from sentences written according to the phrases in academic phrasebank and whether this model can obtain a same performance in extracting reusable phrase from real academic papers compared to the former. ## conclusion in this paper, we define a new task in assisted academic writing, reusable phrase extraction, which devotes to providing valuable phrases for student writers to write their research articles. learning the reusable phrases in the academic phrasebank is an important part of improving writing ability. for extracting the similar samples with the phrases of academic phrasebank, we proposed a reusable phrase extraction model. the proposed model are divided into three components: reusable words corpus, sentence simplification and syntactic parsing. experiments on an academic phrasebank reusable phrases dataset and an authentic research article reusable phrases dataset validate the effectiveness of our approach.