Extending I mage N et to A rabic using A rabic W ord N et (2020)

Abstract: ImageNet has millions of images that are labeled with English WordNet synsets. This paper investigates the extension of ImageNet to Arabic using Arabic WordNet. The objective is to discover if Arabic synsets can be found for synsets used in ImageNet. The primary finding is the identification of Arabic synsets for 1,219 of the 21,841 synsets used in ImageNet, which represents 1.1 million images. By leveraging the parent-child structure of synsets in ImageNet, this dataset is extended to 10,462 synsets (and 7.1 million images) that have an Arabic label, which is either a match or a direct hypernym, and to 17,438 synsets (and 11 million images) when a hypernym of a hypernym is included. When all hypernyms for a node are considered, an Arabic synset is found for all but four synsets. This represents the major contribution of this work: a dataset of images that have Arabic labels for 99.9% of the images in ImageNet.

## introduction imagenet is a dataset comprised of 14 million images @xcite . each image in the dataset is labeled with a wordnet @xcite synset representing the identifying object in the image. the fall 2011 release of the dataset has a total of 21,841 unique synsets that are used to label images. the dataset is organized by dividing these synsets into several major subtrees. moreover, imagenet is structured in a way that maintains the semantic hierarchical structure of synsets in wordnet, where each image is also linked to branches of hypernyms (figure 1 ). imagenet is one major reason for recent advances in computer vision research and deep learning @xcite @xcite . ## extending imagenet to arabic using arabic wordnet in imagenet, each synset has a name and an id. to begin exploring the possibility of finding arabic synsets and labels for images in imagenet using awn, all the synsets' ids are retrieved from imagenet. there are several releases for imagenet. in this paper, the fall 2011 release is used. this release includes 21,841 unique wordnet synsets, and each is linked to one or many images. for example, the synset id "n07873807" includes 1,296 images of "pizza". there are also 1,186 images for "dish", the direct hypernym for "pizza". moreover, all the images labeled with "pizza" can also be labeled with "dish". since "dish" is a hypernym for several other synsets used in imagenet, such as "sushi" and "curry", the number of images for "dish" extends to all images with a synset that is a hyponym (child) for "dish". imagenet's data are downloaded directly from imagenet's website foot_0 . imagenet provides the urls of the images. these urls are viewed in order to access the images. due to ongoing developments related to the removal of problematic images present in the "person" subtree, imagenet no longer provides a method to download the full dataset directly @xcite . the dataset has a total of 14,197,122 images. each synset has an average of 944 images directly assigned to the synset. the minimum number of images is 1 image, and the maximum is 2,382 images for a synset. ## conclusion in this paper, the possibility of extending imagenet to arabic is investigated. the following discoveries were made: 1) an arabic synset in awn exists for 1,219 of the synsets used in imagenet, which represents 1,150,651 images, and 2) arabic synsets in awn exist for 99.9% of the images in imagenet when the branches of hypernyms for synsets were considered. to improve the results found, several options are available. one option is to use the extended open multilingual wordnet (1.2), which enhances arabic wordnet by utilizing wiktionary and unicode common locale data repository @xcite . this automatic extension of awn increases the total number of unique synsets available in awn to 14,650 synsets. using this version of awn would likely find arabic synsets for additional images used in imagenet. several other directions for future work exist. one important extension is to provide an extensive evaluation of the dataset. another avenue for further research would involve investigating the availably of arabic synsets for each of the synsets in imagenet's 1,000 object classes, as this subset is often used in computer vision research.