Negation in N orwegian: an annotated dataset (2021)

Abstract: This paper introduces NorecNeg – the first annotated dataset of negation for Norwegian. Negation cues and their in-sentence scopes have been annotated across more than 11K sentences spanning more than 400 documents for a subset of the Norwegian Review Corpus (NoReC). In addition to providing in-depth discussion of the annotation guidelines, we also present a first set of benchmark results based on a graph-parsing approach.

## introduction this paper introduces a new data set annotating negation for norwegian. as shown in the example below, the annotations identify both negation cues (in bold) and their scopes (in brackets) within the sentence: ## related work below we discuss related work on negation, starting with datasets before moving on to modeling. ## annotations in the following section we present our negation annotation effort in more detail, including the underlying source of the data. the guidelines we have developed for the annotation of negation cues and scopes in norwegian are mainly adapted from conandoyle-neg @xcite , negpar @xcite , and the spanish sfu corpus @xcite , modified to suit norwegian, and with simplifications that will be discussed below. note that while the complete set of guidelines is distributed with the corpus, we provide a brief overview below together with examples, also discussing inter-annotator agreement. ## corpus statistics ## future work as mentioned previously, the underlying corpus norec fine is annotated for fine-grained sentiment, including opinion holders, targets, sentiment expressions, and positive/negative polarity. the fact that negation is among the most important compositional phenomena that can affect sentiment in terms of shifting polarity values motivated the choice of this particular dataset for adding the negation annotations. in future work we plan to further investigate the co-dependencies between negation and sentiment, both through analyzing the existing annotations and through joint modeling. ## summary this paper has introduced the first annotated dataset of negation for norwegian, norec neg , where negation cues and their corresponding insentence scopes have been annotated across more than 11k sentences spanning more than 400 documents; a subset of the norwegian review corpus (norec). in addition to providing in-depth discussion of the annotation guidelines, we have also presented a first set of benchmark results based on a graph-parsing approach.