Semantic Specifics of B ulgarian Verbal Computer Terms (2023)

Abstract: This paper represents a description of Bulgarian verbal computer terms with a view to the specifics of their translation in English. The study employs a subset of 100 verbs extracted from the Bulgarian WordNet (BulNet) and from the internet. The analysis of their syntactic and semantic structure is a part of a study of the general lexis of Bulgarian. The aim of the paper is to (1) identify some problem areas of the description and translation of general lexis verbs, (2) offer an approach to the semantic description of metaphor-based terms from the perspective of Frame Semantics; (3) raise questions about the definition of general lexis with respect to Bulgarian and across languages.

## introduction this paper aims at a conceptual description of highfrequency bulgarian verbs from the domain of computer terminology as compared with english, with some implications about the conceptual description of the relevant verbs. the goal of the analysis is to contribute both to the enrichment of the bulgarian wordnet with conceptual frames @xcite and to the enlargement of the bulgarian framenet, and hence -to the creation of a linked semantic and syntactic resource. wordnet and framenet are large lexical resources that provide semantic information about verb classes. wordnet @xcite represents a multilingual conceptual network of synonym sets (synsets) linked by means of semantic relations such as hypernymy, antonymy, etc. framenet @xcite represents the semantics of lexemes by means of schematic representations (frames) describing objects, situations, or events and their components (frame elements) in the apparatus of frame semantics. the hypothesis adopted in this work is that some of the term-specific words which are encountered in everyday language use belong to a semantic field @xcite recognised as part of the general lexis. the proposed analyses are based on the general verb lexis of bulgarian selected for the purposes of the theoretical semantic description and typology of verb predicates belonging to the basic conceptual apparatus of the language foot_0 @xcite @xcite . the paper also discusses some problems of domain-specific semantic representation in terms of semantic fields @xcite , abstract meaning representation of metaphor-based terms and their translation into english using wordnet as a bilingual bulgarian -english dictionary. the study would help to (1) identify some problem areas of the description and translation of general lexis verbs, (2) offer an approach to the semantic description of metaphor-based terms from the perspective of frame semantics; (3) raise questions about the definition of general lexis with respect to both bulgarian and other languages. the remainder of the paper is organised as follows. section 2 describes the data used in the study -a set of computer verb terms excerpted from wordnet, a selection of manually collected verbs from the internet and a set of semantic frames. section 3 presents the semantic features of the verb set and a comparison of the semantic descriptions of computer term verbs and their literal, non-terminological counterparts. section 4 discusses the semantic features of the combinations of general lexis verbs and noun computer terms resulting in verb-headed computer terms. section 5 sums up the observations on the results and suggests directions for future work. ## the data analysed the computer terms were extracted from a bilingual terminological database representing 729 terms from the computer and technology domain in english and their translation equivalents in bulgarian. the database foot_1 was created within the framework of the european language resource coordination (elrc) connecting europe facility -automated translation (cef.at), actions smart 2014/1074 and smart 2015/1091. the terminological resource has been compiled by combining the relevant entries in the bulgarian wordnet -bul-net @xcite and entries in some other terminological monolingual dictionaries and domainspecific corpora. 319 of the terms were selected as candidates for the set of everyday lexis based on (1) the inclusion of their verb head as part of a previously selected set of general lexis verb literals in bulnet; (2) the availability of a term in the dictionary of neologisms foot_2 ; and (3) the frequency of the verb in the bulgarian national corpus @xcite . as a result, 200 nouns, 110 verbs and 9 adverbs, representing the domain of information and technology in everyday life, were extracted. as the database represents the use of the selected computer terms since 2014 and their actual use nowadays, i assume that they have been firmly established in the language as part of a stable semantic field within the general lexis set. the descriptions of lexical semantics of verb terms are based on the combined information from the following language resources: wordnet @xcite , framenet @xcite and the mapping of framenet frames and wordnet synsets @xcite . ## discussion one of the main points of discussions in this paper is whether computer terms used in the everyday language contribute to the general lexis. these terms have become so integrated into modern communication that they are often used in everyday conversations, even by individuals who might not consider themselves tech-savvy. as technology continues to play a significant role in our lives, these terms are likely to become even more ingrained in the common vocabulary. another interesting problem rooting from the question of the place of abstract words in the general lexis set is whether metaphor-based terms are part of it. ## conclusions this study presents a dataset of bulgarian -english verbal computer terms from a semantic point of view which takes into account their role as a part of the relevant semantic field in the general lexis of bulgarian. they demonstrate the integration of computer terms into everyday language and their translation and the dynamic relationship between language and technology as a result of the evolving nature of human communication. as bulgarian is a less-resourced language, the dataset might contribute to the implementation of domain-specific tasks in computer-assisted human translation from and to this language. computer terms of metaphorical origin enrich the general lexis of a language and contribute to the language's evolution and the way we understand and communicate complex ideas, including those related to digital technology. the semantic description of words specific to a particular semantic field, in this case computer terms, is a specification of the semantic description of their non-terminological, non-metaphorical counterparts. as the proposed analysis is based on interlinked multilingual language resources (wordnet and framenet), the observations may also be useful for other languages and may contribute to the implementation of nlp applications aimed at automatic semantic analysis, word sense disambiguation, language understanding and generation, machine translation, etc.